Fhe fT, ue hereto fr ttanen
| Pot, ClOlin-iiy yy 6¢s4L¥) 7-4
5 hg ae eae ag peak i ds ¢v.|

J

ini i tne RS:

oi

Gael Pen. Poke eh
ENGEISH PHYSICIAN; ef

we. .
| wae,

A ND Ue fe

eet Rh BA Ee

TO WHICH ARE NOW FIRST ADDED,

Upwards of One Hundred additional HERBS,,.

WITH A DISPLAY OF THEIR

MEDICINAL anD OCCULT PROPERTIES, |

PHYSICALLY APPLIED TO
The CURE of all DISOR DERS incident to MANKIND.

ro WH 1cH ARE ANNEXED,
RULES for F Compounig MEDICINE according to the True SYSTEM of NATURE:

een S A COMPLETE

FAMILY D.T'SRSEN SAP ORY}
And Natural SYSTEM a” Peay 52.
BEAUTIFIED AND ENRICHED WITH He ea et
ENG RAVIN GS of upwards of Four-Hundred and Fifty different PLA |
Anda SET of ANATOMICAL FIGURES.

ILLUSTRATED with NOTES axp OBSERVATIONS
i ees CRITICAL anp ‘EXPLANATORY.

Es s 1B Ly, Fellow of the Facil Philofophical Society at PARIS; and =
hse ofthe = Come prin sn opt A of CAS EROLOGE

ialngeagi

f, LUDGATE STREET. 1790+ te

MissOuRi BOTANICAL
GARDEN LIBRARY

To THOMAS DUNCKERLY, Ef.
PROVINCIAL GRAND MASTER

OF THE ANCIENT AND HONOURABLE FRATERNITY OF
FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS OF DORSET, ESSEX,
GLOUCESTER, SOMERSET, BRISTOL, SOUTH-
AMPTON, AND THE ISLE OF WIGHT.

Sak R;

RESU MIN G onthe well-known voodneRor your

Heart, and that liberality of Sentiment, which ren-
ders your Aétions, like your Defcent, NOBLE, permit
me to folicit your Prote€tion to a Work, which, though
of the firft Importance in the Caufe of Humanity, will
acquire new Vigour under your Aufpices, and dawn forth
with accumulated Luftre under the Shield of your Arm ;
which, like that of the good Samaritan, is ever reached
‘out to adminifter Comfort and Relief to your afflifted
fellow Creatures. ©

It has been a long-eftablifhed Maxim among civilized
Societies, to fubmit to their Prefident whatever is thought
conducive to the general Good. You are the illuftrious
Heap of many refpectable Lodges of free and accepted
Mafons, whofe Care it has been to cherifh a Contempla-

tion

DEDICATION.

tion of the deep Myfteries of Nature, from Time imme-
morial. And, though the Body of .this invaluable Work
is not of my Produétion, yet, fhould the Notes and
Iluftrations, and the other Improvements now made to it,
be thought worthy of your Approbation, or of the Notice
of my mafonic Brethren, t truft they will find in them
an ample ftore of Precepts, whereby the Bleflings of
Health might be univerfally difpenfed, and the Happinefs
of Mankind more permanently fecured ; to promote which, —
is the leading Feature of mafonic Principles.

Should this important Obje& be obtained, and medical
_ Knowledge be diffufed through the Empire in ité pure and
priftine State, difrobed of its ambiguous Drefs, and made
the Friend of every Family---my Heart will

rejoice, and
my utmoft Defires be accomplifhed.

_ Wifhing: you internal and external Happinefs in the
_ terrene Lodge here, and eternal Joy and Glory in the di-
vine San&um Santorum above, permit me publicly to
affure you how unfeignedly lam,

" -- Your moft humble ~

eve ~~ and devoted Servant,
No. 18, Barelett's Buildings, London, 9 oR SENT Y
2 the Year of Mafenry 5793. :

THE Perm 2 Fe AG Ee

ISEASE is undoubtedly the mott fatal enemy of mankind. To
prevent its approaches, or to overcome its attacks, is perhaps the
moft important concern of our lives ; and an acquifition that appears
only attainable by the moft natural and fimple means, For this purpofe,
Mr. Nicholas Culpeper’s ENGitsu Puystcran feems peculiarly well
adapted ; fince it reforts, for every mode of Cure, to that infallible
fource prepared by Gop and Nature, in the vegetable fyftem ; whence
flow {pontaneoufly the genuine Virtues of Medicine, diffufed univerfally
over the face of the whole earth, where nothing grows in vain! |

_ Indeed, had this ingenious and moft invaluable Work no other recom-
mendation than having pafled through fo many editions, yet would it
fufficiently juftify my offering it once more to the notice and confideration
of an enlightened public. But, when we reflect on the difcoveries fince
made in the botanical world—the great acquifitions derived to the Work’
by the addition of upwards of one hundred newly-difcovered aromatic
and balfamic herbs—independent of the phyfical fkill and philofophical
perception difplayed by its Author, we fhall find innumerable inftances
of its utility, and perceive in it a fund of information and medical ac-
quirements, which promife the moft extenfive benefits to fociety, by
forming a Domeftic Phyfician in every Family.

dt might perhaps have been replete with the mabye ata a3 -

tended more quickly to “difpel the painful apprehenfions of ge affligted
No. 1. Sages a a. ~ people,

vi ip ee oe

people, had this great Mafter of human nature been cotem porary with us,
No man, I believe, but the profeffonally envious, will prefume to queftion
his medical abilities, or prefcribe limits to his phyfical knowledge, which
eclipfed the practice of every phyfician of his day, and put to filence the
whole tribe of empircs and quacks. I cannot give a higher proof of his
profeffional difcernment, nor any thing more applicable to the anxious :
feelings of my reader, than by thewing how exactly he has pointed out
the diforder with which his Majefty was lately affli@ed, and the fim ples
which are applicable to its feveral ftages, fo exact and Critical, that if he
had been living, and appointed one of the confulting phylficians, he
could not have marked the outline of it with more precifion,

He diftinguithes difeafes which produce phrenzy into three different —
clafles ; the fecond he terms peripbrenetio. He defcribes it thus: « It
is preceded by a very tharp fever, which will rage fora few days violently:
when it fubfides, the delirium takes place, with fits of the fever at irre-
gular intervals ; the patient will be remarkably voracious ; all his paflions
will be very ftrong ; his lucid intervals thort ; his fleep feemingly of a
long duration, but, in fact, this fleep is nothing but dofing ; when he
awakes he will feem fully occupied with fome favourite fubject, fuch as
finging, hunting, dancing, &c. His recolle@icn will fometimes ferve
him {fo as to know particular perfons, but that will not laft long.”

_ After having defcribed the effe& of the diforder, he next enters mj-
| nutely into an inveftigation of the feat of it, And here, with his ufual
feverity againft his brethren the phyficians, he fays, ¢ ‘They, : OP i
- Rorant men, think this is a diforder zn the head, whereas, ta

from an injury which is received in the diaphragm, or midriff. The ufe

of this membrane is (befides fuftaining the upper parts of the abdomen)
to convey cooling moifture to the brain, in order to cool the hot hu-
mours which fly to it from the feveral parts of the inteflines,

and par-
7 ticularly

Poe OB e Pe ASO 2E, vii

ticularly the liver. Now if the diaphragm be ftrained, bruifed, or
otherwife hurt, it confequently fails in performing its funétion, and the

brain will fuffer a delirium, more or lefs, in proportion as the diforder
in the diaphragm is better or worfe.”

He then ftates the manner in which this malady may arife. * It may
happen by ov erlifting, by fighting, by violent riding, by want of a pro-
per quantity of nourifhment, whereby the membrane lofes its tone and
vigour, and failsin its duty. Hence the firft fymptom of approach-
ing death, which appears in people who are ftarved, is a delirium,

which is occafioned by a heat in the brain, for want of proper moifture -

from the midriff.”

He next points out the remedy, which he confefies is very difficult ; ai

inafmuch as the midriff, being a mem brane only, will not yield to the

fame remedies that the mufcular part of the body will. Having a view
towards ‘* keeping the fever under, the internals fhould be ftrengthened

by nourifhing aliment. The cheft.and abdomen rubbed with aromatic °
and corroborating oils—the habit prevented from being too lax—and the -

bowels, if tending to laffitude, fhould be bound up, and kept indue tone.” ”

He then gives a variety of oils and fimples, which are extremely, ufeful
in this diforder ; and concludes with advifing conftant attention to the
patient ; to indulge his defires as often as it may be done with fafety,

~

but not to difturb his inteftines with too much phyfic, and Merely

weaken and

a
or

injure, inftead of relieving, t x patient.

Sa a fimilar way does this Leica saghey Biéceed j in the treatment es
all the infirmities incident to mankind, carefully pointing out, by ana. .
tomical rules, the feat of the diforder, and then applying fuch. fimple. ‘s
medicines and regimen as Nature herfelf directs, without expofing the
patient to the nest of violent experiments, or torturing his inteftines .

vill | Pakob ar aA C.. E.

with irritating drugs, which, inftead of effe€ting a cure, often augment
the difeafe, and not unfrequently occafion premature death.

Some authors have laboured to prove, that the difference of opinion
betwixt Culpeper and his brother phyficians originated entirely from
his own furly and vindi@ive difpofition. But whoever has taken the
pains to inveftigate the controverfy, will find this affertion moft remote
from the truth. He found the praéfice of phyfic direCted more by terms
of art than by principles of nature, and governed more by avarice than
by a genuine defire of reftoring health and ftrength to the defponding
- patient. He condemned this practice, by expofing the wickednefs of

fome and the ignorance of others ; and, though he had the whole medi-_
cal corps to encounter, yet fuch was the force of his reafoning, and the
fuperiority of his abilities, that they fubmitted to the fentence he had
pafied upon them, without the formality of a defence.

But after a while, the allied fons of E/ewlapius having difcovered that
Mr. Culpeper’s practice was guided by aftrological precepts, they rallied
again, and renewed the combat with accumulated fury. Every infulting
reflection, calculated to impeach his underftanding, was levelled at him
and the occult properties of the celeftial fyftem were ridiculed and denied.
Our author, however, was not to be driven fo eafily from his purpofe.
He immediately publithed a traét in defence of the aftral {cience, which

he maintained againft the united oppofition of both the Colleges ; and,

by introducing i it into his practice, he performed cures which afton ifhed
ehis competitors, and rendered his name immortal.

| Experience, therefore, ought to convince us, however oppofed by
abftract reafoning, that there is indifputably an innate and occult vir-
tue infufed into all fublunary things, animal, vegetable, and mineral, by
the aétion of the heavenly bodies upon the ambient and elementary matter,
which, by the motions and mutations of the luminaries being conftantly

varied,

Be RY Bt PF AS CoE. ix
varied, produce that aftonithing variety in Nature, which is infinitely
beyond our knowledge or comprehenfion. Hence arife the fympathies
and antipathies fo aftonifhingly confpicuous in all the productions of the
earth, whether animate or inanimate, in men or brutes, in vegetables or
minerals, and in every fpecies of matter definable to our fenfes. Here
alfo we difcover the efential properties and firff ground of all medicine,
and are furnifhed with the beft reafons why it is impoflible to prefcribe
remedies at all times applicable to the ftupendous varieties afflicting the
body of man, without the aid of fydereal learning. |

There is no doubt but the remote as weil as the-propinguate caufes
of things ought ferioufly to be inveftigated both by philofophers and
phyficians ; or elfe the mufic of {cience will often fail of its harmony,
and produce difcord and difguft. The planetary influx, and the force of
the ambient, is as neceflary to be confulted, as the ftru€ture of the body, —
and the laws of pulfation ; otherwife our practice will be imperfect, and _
our fuccefs determined by chance. For this reafon, the learned Senertus,
in his Elements of Phyfic, highl y commends thofe modern phyficians, who
unite aftrological with medical knowledge. ‘* For,—continues this in-
genious author,—the ftars a&t upon inferior bodies not only by heat and
light, but by occu/t influence. Nor can it be doubted but that all plants
are under the government of fome particular planet, and —— their
operations by virtue of the fympathy co-exiftent in their nature.”

By the right knowledge of times and feafons—of cau/es and hits the
moft important cures have unqueftionably been performed. ‘* No many
fays Galen, can reafonably deny, but that the natural ground of medicine

and difeafe depends much upon aftral influx and elementary impreffion ;
and hence it is, that, by the nativity or decumbiture of the patient, we are _
enabled to difcern both the caufe and conclufion of the difeafe, And i! ae
3 confidering the quality, of the principal afpects in airy, eet arthy, e
Nes b i

x oo hh. Pe AS Oe FE,

or fiery, figns or conftellations, all doubts and difficulties are removed ; a
plain and obvious mode of treatment prefents itfelf to our view ; and fur-
nifhes a ftriking proof of the wife economy of the Supreme Being, in
governing this inferior world by the influence and energy of the fupe-
rior bodies, whofe very minutia, as well as more magnificent phenomena,
are invariably obedient to a regular and unerring law,”

- But although the aftrologic feience be thus ufeful in guiding our
medical enquiries, and neceflary in forwarding the cure of remote and
latent difeafes ; yet were the enemies of Culpeper, like many of the
prefent day, exulting forward to condemn that which they do not un-
derftand, and, by attempting to baffle the fecret Operations of nature,
and the ftrong influences of the planetary {yftem—of the Pleiades, Aréu-
rus, and Orion, they expofe the weaknefs of their own imaginations,
which they infultingly oppofe to the Slorious hoft of heaven.

Perfectly indifferent, myfelf, as to the cavils of diffatisfied critics, or
to the cenfure of interefted men, I thall revive that fimple praétice of
Culpeper, which f{pread, through the Britith realms, the happy art of
reftoring to priftine vigour—the decaying life and health of mankind.
For this purpofe, I have incorporated into the prefent edition of his
Puysictan and Herspat, every ufeful part of all his other works ; and
have added a feleGtion of eafy rules, for attaining an intimate acquain-

tance with all the Britith herbs and plants; for difcovering the real
planetary influx ; and for gathering them at thofe particular feafons
_ @When they imbibe a double portion of efficacy and virtue.

dn gathering herbs for medicinal ufes, the planetary hour is certainly
of importance, however modern refinement might have exploded the idea.
In nature, the fimpleft temedies are found to produce the moft falutary
effects ; and in earlier times, when the art of medicine was lefs ob{cured,
__ and practifed more from motives of benevolence, the world was lefs afflicted

with

me: i. Pi A Ce. Rh xi

with difeafe, and the period of human life lefs contraéted. ‘The labo-
ratory of nature, were it but confulted, furnifhes ample remedies for
every curable diforder incident to mankind ; for, notwithftanding the
parade of compound medicines, the art of healing confifts not fo much
in the preparation as in the due application of the remedy. Hence it
happens that old women, without education or abilities, by the help of
a fimple herb gathered in the planetary hour, in which hour it imbibes
its greateft ftrength and efculent virtue, will fometimes perform very
extraordinary cures, in cafes where the regular-bred Phyfician is abfo-
lutely at a lofs how to treat them.

I would not here be underftood to caft any unworthy reflections upon
thofe exalted charaéters, who have made Phyfic, and the alleviation of
human infirmity, the principal ftudy of their lives. The many invaluable
difcoveries lately added to the Pharmacopeeia, both from the vegetable
and mineral worlds, are ftrong arguments of the neceflity of regular prac=
tice, and of profeftional education, in forming the Phyfician. But were
the bulk of thefe gentlemen to confult a little more the planetary in-
fluences, and the effects of Saturn and the Moon in each crifis and critical
day, and regulate their prefcriptions accordingly, I am perfuaded more
immediate relief would in moft cafes be afforded to the fick and languith-
ing patient. Surgery too, which, like a guardian Angel, fteps forward
to alleviate the perilous accidents of the unfortunate, would gain much
improvement by the like confiderations. It is not the humane and liberal
profeflors of phyfic or furgery, whofe practice deferves cenfure, but
that mercenary tribe of pretenders to phyfic who now pervade the king-
dom, and, like a fwarm of locufts from the eaft, prey upon the vitals
of mankind. Thefe monfters in the fhape of men, with hearts callous
to every fentiment of compaffion, have only fees in view. Governed by
this fordid principle, they fport with life, unmoved amidft the bitter ;
anguith and piercing groans of the tortured patient, whom, when too far
-gone for human aid to reftore, they abandon to defpair and death. a

hi ‘Bi OB Boat A Cc CE.

To prevent, as much as poffible, the growth of fo enormous a traffic,
it requires that the practice of phyfic, inftead of being cloathed ina
myftic garb, fhould be put upon a level with the plaineft underftand-
ing, and the choice and quality of our medicines be rendered as obvious
and familiar as our food. Inftiné, in the brute fpecies, furnifhes this
difcrimination in the moft ample and furprifing manner; and, in the
primitive ages of the world, when men were rich im years, and dleffed
with length of days, it was the cuftom to confult individually their own
complaint and their own cure. To reftore this primitive pra@tice, was
the godlike aim of the immortal Culpeper, when he compiled this in-
valuable Work ; for, fince it was the intention of our beneficent Creator
to providea natural remedy for. all our’ infirmibes. fo it would be dero-
gatory to his Attributes, .to fappofe the knowledge of them limited to
a few, or confined to afmall clafs of his creatures. On the contrary,
this knowledge Jies open to the wayfaring man—it grows in every field,
and meets us in all, our paths 5 and was ariel given to alleviate
the pangs } of difeafe—to irradicate, the peftilential feeds of infection—to
invigorate the conftitution, and to firengthen Nature—eventually re-

ducing the perils: to which we are cxpeied, and making rofy HEaLTu
the Companion « of our lives |.

- JNTRO-

( xin? Q
INTRODUCTION,

S° much has the fafhion of the times encreafed the ufe of foreign drugs
and noftrums, that it has becomea fubject of difputationin the fchools,
Whether medicine be mott deneficial or injurious to mankind. Many
there are, who condemn the Facurry and the PROFESSION, as the
greateft enemies of fociety ; and who would fooner part with life and
fortune, than place themfelves in the power of either. Yet the one
when confulted with caution, is the beft protector of our lives; and
the other, when guided by integrity, is the fecureft guardian of our
liberties. It is not the ufe but the abufe of them, which draws down
a curfe upon pofterity ; whilft a feafonable and prudent refort to either
is congenial to the bleflings of health and freedom.

The Laws of Phyfic are agreeable to the Laws of Nature. Phyfic
imitates Nature. Its defign is, to preferve the body in health—to de-
fend it from infirmity—to ftrengthen and invigorate the weak, and to
raife the dejected. Ina word, the falutary effect of natural medicine
keeps the body in a progreflive ftate of health and comfort, until the |
approach of death ; that certain and inevitable confequence of our exift-
ence, which no art, nor invention, nor the greateft power of princes,
can prevent or refift. Let it then be our wifdom, after attending to
our eternal concerns, to be careful in fecuring the moft valuable of our
‘temporal ones, namely, that of HEALTH ; for the is the moft excel-
lent companion, the richeft treafure, and the beft of earthly poffeffions ;
without hits nothing here can be efteemed a bleffing.

_ Hence it becomes evident that the ftudy of Phyfic ought to form a part
of the education of every private gentleman,and fhould become the amufe-_
No, 1. c is ment

xiv ENT R-O.BU © TI ON.

ment of every individual, whofe occupation in life affords an opportunity _
of inveftigating this valuable branch of literature. No fcience prefents
to our contemplation a more extenfive ficld of i important knowledge, ¢ or
affords more ample entertainment to an inquifitive or philanthropic mind.
Anatomy, Borany, Chemiftry, and the Materia Medica, are branches
of natural Hiftory, fraught with fuch amufement and utility, that he who
neglects them can have no claim to tafte or learning. The vegetable
World, with its occult virtues and power, is, of all others, the fublimeft
fubject for the exertion of genius, and affords the higheft gratification to
a benevolent mind; fince there are no infirmities incident to our fallen
nature that it does not enable us to alleviate or remove.

It isa melancholy reflection, daily confirmed by obfervation and expe-
rience, that one half of the human fpecies, labouring under bodily
infirmity, perifh by improper treatment, or miftaken notions of their
difeafe. What greater inducement then can be offered to mankind, |
to acquire a competent knowledge of the fcience of phyfic, than he
-prefervation of their own lives, of that of their offspring ? ? Not that it
is neceflary for every man to become a phyfician s for fuch an attempt.
would be abfird and ridiculous. AT I plead | for is, that men of fenfe,
-of probity, and difcernment, fhould be fo far acquainted with the
‘theory of phyfic, as to guard. their families: againft the deftru@ive influ-
__-ence of ignorant or avaricious retailers of medicine. For, in the prefent

- ftate of things, itis much eafier to cheat a man out of his life than of
a fhillings at the fame time that ‘it is is eteno nt Supine ae either t to detect
“oF punith the Sa eeous offenders” bit

The benedies sefulting.from ecdicines sigaiiaiace = cadelisad derived
from thofe unfortunately fanciful and imaginary difordered patients,
“whofe fortunes are ample, and’ ‘whofe eftablithments comprife an annual
— fer the — and apothecary. ‘Others again, whofe

difcernment

INTRODUCTION, xv
difcernment is lefs defective, but, whofe circumftances are fufficient, are
equally made the dupes of “* the fecrets of trade.” Difeafe is prolonged,
and nervous complaints brought on, by an exceffive or improper ufe of
drugs, given for the purpofe of encreafing fees, or multiplying the items.
of an apothecary’s bill. Yet thefe infatuated patients fhut their eyes
againft the light of reafon, and {wallow every thing that is adminiftered
| to them, without daring to afk the neceffity of the prefeription, or qua-: _
lity of the dofe. Implicit faith, which in every thing elfe is the object.
of ridicule, is here held facred, though at the expence of our conftitu--
tions. Many of the faculty are no doubt worthy of all the confidence’
that can be repofed in them ; but, as this can never be the charaGter of
every individual in any profeflion whatever, it would certainly be for.
the fafety and honour of mankind, to have fome check upon the condu&:
of thofe to whom we entrutt fo valuable a treafure as Health.

Perfons who move in a middling fphere of life too often become:
objects of fimilar impofition, The nature of their avocations, and the °
attentions requifite for bufinefs, beget infirmities, which, though eafily
removed by change of air and fimple regimen, are frequently encreafed -
by irritating drugs, until the conftitution receives a fhock: too violent :
for medicine to reftore. The lower orders of fociety, however, and
particularly the poor, are not expofed to this danger. Their-misfor-
tunes arife from an unfeeling inattention and neglect on the. part of thofe
who are called to their afliftance; but by whom they are frequently
left either wholly deftitute of advice and of medicines, or are obliged to
put up with fuch as it would be much more prudent to avoid. How
opie ee then oe penal knowledge prove to men —

epee.

to Soutien: and to avoul the ee peculiar to their refpective ftations,
but | vould enable them to difcern the real enjoyments of life, and be Z

conducive to the true — of mankind,

xvi PNeFr ROB UCT I ON...

il’ know-there are many humane and well-difpofed perfons of fenfe and
<difcernment.who poffefs the difpofition and the ability of fupplying this
defe& in medical attention to .the poor, did not the dread of doing ill
Aupprefs their inclination to do good. Such perfons are alfo deterred
from the moft noble and praife-worthy actions, by the foolifh alarms
founded in their ears by a fet of men who raife their own importance
. by magnifying the difficulties of performing cures, who find fault with
what is truly commendable, and fneer at every attempt to relieve the
afflicted, which is not fan@ioned by their precife rules. But thefe
gentlemen muft excufe me for affirming, that the practice of fuch cha-
titable perfons, a little affifted by medical reading, and directed by the
fimple dittates of nature, is frequently more fuccefsful than the practice
of profeflional men, who are fo intent upon dy/ing the patient, that
things of greater import are negleCted and forgotten.

_ To affift the well-meant endeavours of the humane and benevolent in
relieving diftrefs, and eradicating difeafe, is an attempt, which J truft
will meet the countenance and fupport of every fober friend to fociety.
Tam well aware, that he who ftands forward to promote the public
welfare, at the expence of a particular profeffion, muft excite Cuiity,
and draw upon him the clamonr of interefted individuals. But the
folid comforts refulting from a fenfe of doing good, and the refle@tion
of becoming inftrumental in preferving the health of thoufands, farpafs -

the fleeting praifes of the eS multitude, or the {miles of felf-exalted
and | ambitious, men,

ae ae i

- CULPEPER’s

CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

AND COMPLETE

Heiter. Boe

Of the natural AppropriaTion of HERBS, in the Cure of all
DIStaAatsns

Hi E temperature, virtues, and ufe of Plants, as ferving to heal, or fuf-

tain the body in health; as alfo their dangerous qualities, and the remedies

againft them, are well worthy our enquiry. This fpeculation is divided
into two parts, 1. Theraputick or curatory. 2. Threptick or alimentary. In both
which, vegetables may be confidered according to their fubftance and confiftence,
or elfe according to their accidents, sg) 9 ott

I, According to their fubftance or confiftence, they are, 1. Thin or grofs. 2. Lax
or conitriét. 3, Clammy or brittle. 4. Heavy or light. Tenuity of parts is in
thofe things which are zerious in effence and fabftance 3 which being fubtile, do eafily
communicate their virtue unto any liquor, and are of eafy diftribution in the body,’
eafily a€tuated, and not long abiding ; and is in matter not much compact, but
eafily divided by natural heat, having little of earth, and that mixed with much hu-
midity, or elaborated by fiery heat, as in things very acid, fharp, and friable for the
moft part. Craffitude of parts is in thofe things which are terrene; which being more ©
Brols, do not quickly communicate their virtues unto liquids, and therefore the vir-_
tues thereof are exerted in the ftomach, and feldom or ever pafs unto the liver; ind

No. 2, B ~ fach

-

4g CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

fuch have rfuch matter, as in mixtures very terrene, or éxquifite mixtures of ‘the
aqueous humidity and terrene, without much prevalency of heat, fo far the moft part
are auftere, acerb, {weet, bitter, falt, and few infipid. Rarity is in dry bodies:

_hardnefs in the dry and terrene. Clamminefs in moift bodies: brittlenefs in dry.
Heavinéls in thick bodiés; and lightnefs in the rarified. Tenuity loofeneth and.pe-
netrateth ; craffitude obftruéts ; foftnefs lenifies and conglutinates, and “hardnefs
refifteth and dryeth up. |

Il. According “o their accidents, they may be taken notice of, as medicamentous
and alimentary. -1. As medicamentous, and fo according to their immediate and more
remote accidents. 2.,According go their more immediate, i. e. the qualities, and
way of finding them out, _ :

:
al

- Calidity, or heat, which caufeth motion, and difpofeth the parts by a right con-
unction and fituation thereof. It heateth, fubtilizeth, digefteth, openeth, maturat-
7 h, and rariffes, and caufeth agility: if exceflive, it doth not.afcend, inflame, attract,

. The Pototetology.or gq)

obtunds the acrimony of humours,
olligate and bind, and caufes a ftro
rince: ages and hindereth

there are three. manfions

y SR ee 2 Ps * fags.
Sad cae ee Ori tiiSt a 5axee aes
= : YS.

AND COMPLETE HERBAL.

dry body, defending mixed bodies from putrefagtion, of excellent feouleye to diffolve,
coagulate, cleanfe, and evacuate ; from which arifeth all folidity of body, denonii--
nations, taftes, and many other virtues analogous to the earth, as being firm, fixed,
and the fubject of the generation of all bodies, and is therefore called by Chemifts,
Sal, fal commune, acerbum {3 amare, corpus, materia, patiens, fixum, ars, [cufis materiale.”
2. Sulphur, whence all odour or {mell arifeth, and is like.the flame ; or fulphur i is

that {weet baliam, oily and vifcid, which preferves the natural heat of the parts; the

inftrument. of all vegetation, accretion, and tran{mutation, and the o1 iginal of all

fmells, both pleafant and unpleafant : therefore it is compared to the fire, eafily re-
ceiving the flames, as all oily and refinous bodie#do: alfo it lenifieth and congluti-
nates or conjoineth contrary extremes, as Sal and Mercury, that being fixed and this
volatile, it participating of both extremes, fo it tempereth the ayn of Salt and
moifture of Mercury, as being vifcous; the denfity of Sale and penetration of Mer-
cury-by its remifs fluidity, and the bitternefs of Sal and acidity of Mercury sai its
fweetnefs 5 5 therefore: itis called, Sal Petre, sat 1 MS,

ws

is reprefebeed by fmoke or fume ; or Mercury i is sthat a ac d li
ble, etherious, and moft pure, from Ww

element ‘of air and water; to the firft as being tu ie ae vapours ee the vic
of heat, and-to this, as being hardly contained by its own term, but eafily infomi i
others ; or it is that effential body, that by its. zereal, moft fubtl *Vivifick, and fpi- .
rituous fubftance, is the pabulum of life, and the proximate inftrument of the effence
or form, and is called by Chemifts, Sal ammoniacum, acidumy. tt ai
aut movens, veporofum, intelligentia, intelletius, gloriofum ! A fo Merct

fulphurous and faline fubftance, Sulphur a falt and mercurial, ‘and Salt a ol
hous and material; and the. phlegm and caput mortuum are not principles,
their Pertcimmegs anal-sithont, all LEhepoc inch, virtue; the | n

4 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

moft like unto that of the body, without any confumption or addition of uvtnidiegl
The emollient afcends heat a little beyond the proportion of nature, and contracts 2
little humidity, wherefore that rather operates by quantity than by the quality of
heat, but the emollient rather by quality. Therefore that which is exactly fuppura-
tory isemplaftick ; yet fometimes emollition 1 is the confequence of humidity, if joined
with moderate calidity or heat, and is ufeful in fcirrhuffes and tumors ; and though
emollition may be by humeétation and evacuation, yet it is properly by healing,
loofening, and callignation. Emollients being moderately dry and hot, 20 or 3
in {cirrhuffes, and proportionable in other tumors. Hereto belongs chalaftick or
loofening ; yet this is lefs hot and more moiftening than the emollient, and of
a thin fubftance. 2. Scleryntick or hardening, which properly is that which doth exic-
cate wtihout any excels of heat or cold; for cold alfo may make obdurate, as alfo
too much heat, yet after another manner than only by exiccation, for though that
which is dry is hard, yet all that is hard is not dry. But ficcity doth dry and indurate
two ways; i.e. by altering and making more dry the effence of the parts, which is moft
properly ; or by confuming the humours in the pores; yet fometimes obduration
ay alfo be caufed by repletion or fulnefs; and fome fay, by cold and drynefs.
. Araiotick and rarefying, or diaphoretick and refolving, which are moderate-
dy hot, with tenuity of parts, » } sand very little reficeant or drying, for exceffive
¢ heat doth not rarefy but burn, and by aduftion doth condenfate and dry. But mo-
_ derate heat openeth the paffages, and deeply penetrateth by the tenuity of its fub--
. flance, and eafeth pain; alfo it openeth the pores and attenuates the fubftance. The
proper diapharticks are hot, dry, and of thin parts, attenuant, mollifying and dif-
cuffing wind; and the farefacient moderately hot, like our own heat, moiftening,
and of thin parts. 4. Pycknotick or condenfating, contrary to the rarefacient, con-~
tratting the pores, and tea wilt is rarified and humid, and specs it more

ind, 1.¢. by reafon of their foftnef. 5: Abaiboasoaee or aperient, opening
the mouths. of the veffels, and is in thofe things that are of grofs parts, hot be-
| yond the firft cegree, harp, and biting. 6. Stegnotick or binding, contracting,
occlus ing, and. , ng; fhutting the mouths of the veffels, and reftraining
ss excretion, and is in thofe things which are frigid, of grofs parts, and without
acrimony, as many terrene bodies are: for thofe things which ought ftrongly to
conitipate and bind, muft alfo have a more ftrong and renitent faculty ; yet fome
binders are hot and dry, and of thick fubftance ; and others glutinous. 7. Hele-
tick, epifpaftick or drawing » attracting the humours from the ¢ cemer, and is in thofe
things which are hot, and of thin parts: for that which is hot atiracteth, and that

more

AND COMPLETE HERBAL 5

more firongly which hath a conjuné tenuity of parts 5 but thofe moderately attra&
which are hot and dry in the fecond degree, if in the third, more effectually ; and
chiefly cbofe that are fo in the fourth: for the attraction is according to the degree
of heat, and is either more natural, or by putrefaction, Yet fome things atcra&
fpecifically, and not by a manifeft quality: as things that are cathartick or purg-
ing, and alexitery, or refitting poifon, 8. Apocroultick or repercutient, repelling
the humours flowing from the center, as in thofe things which are frigid and of
grofs parts, For that which is cold repelleth, and if it hath a craffitude of parts
allo, it is more violent, as that which is acerbe or auftere; yet thofe things alfo
repell which are aftringents, efpecially thofe which are helped by the tenuity of
their parts: for the thinnefs of the fubftance doth much conduce to aftriction ;
therefore other things. that are aftrictive, by reafon of the craffitude of their fub-
ftance, cannot eafily penetrate the more remote parts, precluding the paffages. Here-
to. may the defenfive, and the intercipient be reduced, being cold, aftringent, and re-
pulfive. 9. Ryptick, abftergent or cleanfing, removing glutinous and clammy hu-
mours inthe fuperficies, or adhering to the pores of the fkin, or ulcers, and is in thofe
things: which have : power to exiccate with tenuity of fubftan neither i is it of any great
moment whether they are hot ¢ or cold, by reafon tha |
except exceflive. Yet fome count them hot. chiefly, and dry, with a certain thick.
nefs of parts to vellicate the hymours. 10. Eccathartick, ecphractick, and expur-
gatory, or removing obftructi ons ; not only opening the pores of the fkin, but the ©
interior duéus of the bowels ; as in thofe things that are nitrous and bitter, although
they have. forme {mall aftriGtion, and by reafon of fubftance do not differ from thofe
that are abfterlive, but in degree ; for thofe things that cleanfe the pores and inward.
paffages, have a great tenuity of parts, and are moderately hot; as thofe: t ‘ing:
which are nitrous and bitter : * but ‘thofe things which being outwarc y applied to
the fkin, ‘do cleanfe the fin and ulcers from their excrements, are dciritet 1 the
aftrictive faculty ; ;. but being taken inwardly, although having a certain aftriction,
yet neverthelefs they may purge, and cleanfe Syioud paflages, and withal ftrengthen
ibrifying; as ‘fat things ; sates:

ing and |abfterfion, 2 as whey and beets; by -
tion, as things hot, fharp, | falt, and of thin pi ir
And emeticks. caufe ae relaxation a ul

6 CULPEPER"s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

more ftrong. And diffolvers of grumous matter, and coagulated; as alfo extenu-
ants of fat, hot and dry, 3d, and of thin parts: and the chataftick or laxants, mo-
derately hot, moift, and thin. 12. Emplaftick, vifcid, or clammy, contrary to the
abfterfive ; for being applied, it doth tenacioufly inhere in the pores of the fkin, fill
and obftruét the fame, as in thofe things that are fat and glutinous, as alfo terrene,
wanting acrimony and afperity, or roughnefs. Hereto may be referred the epice-
raftick or levigating, helping afperity by being emplaltick or moderately moift. |
And the emplatticks are temperate, without evident heat, cold, or acrimony : fome
aifo have a'thick terrene effence or confiftence, drying without biting; and others
aqueous, or aereal, fo are tenacious. 13. Emphractick or obftruéting, pachyntick,
or thickening, ‘which are the fame: for as thofe things which are detergent and
purging, do free the pores and paffages from obftruction, fo thefe obftruct and fill
the fame, and make the humours of the body tough and thick; and are cold, or
temperate, without any acrimony, and of a thick terrene fubftance. 14. Anodyne, ©
paregorick or eafing pain, as in thofe things which have thin parts, and are mode-
rately hot, not much exceeding the temperate, i, e, being hot in the firft degree, and
Parefacient’s fo evacuating, digefting, rarefying, extenuating, concocting, and equa- —
lizing whatfoever humour either fharp, tough, or grofs, is inhering in the fmaller
pores, or grieved parts : and all vaporous crafs, grofs or cold fpirits,‘ not finding
Medic of evacuation 5 — are One. aqueous or zreal, of thin fubftance, and
‘Rot altri - 45. Nare ick or ftupifying the parts by its coldnefs, and not pro-
pay - mitigating the pain, nor Qf taking: away the caufes of the grief, yet ftupor is
= hat lefs than infenfibility, or the privation of fenfe: the fame alfo is hypno-
, or fomnifick, and -caufeth fleep being taken, i. €. its fubje€t, ‘which doth ve-

. hemently refrigerate, ive. in the ‘4th degree ; fo that it doth not only flupify the
" ogg but being liberally taken, caufeth death, as opium, ‘and that not only by i its

~ Bass

it quality, but alfo by ac seh propriety < of fubftance and i its + concurring
‘CO ick vehemency

7 ca te the doit seg
‘they excrutiate and yi:
: hings that are ee

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. > 5

- The third qualities arife from the mixture of the firft and fecond, and are, 1. The
Ecpuetick or fuppurating, turning into matter contufed flefh and humours remain-
ing in fwellings, as in thofe things which are moderately hot, and next unto emol-
lients, yet differing in this, that they have alfo an emplaftick faculty, obftruéting
the pores, increafing the fubftance of heat, and not intending the quality; and are
alfo called pepticks or maturatives. 2. Sarcotick or generating flefh, as in thofe
things which produce flefh in hollow ulcers, and fill the cavities, and are hot in the
firft degree, alittle deterfive, and that without biting and aitrition. Alfo mode-
rately drying, viz. under the fecond degree. And fuch as impinguate, or make fat,
are heating, nourifhing, impulfive, attractive, retentive, or fpecifick ; as the feed of
hemp, kernel of the Indian nut, and powder of charcoal. 3. Colletick or, conglu-
tinating, as in thofe things which dry in the fecond degree, and are in a mean as to
thofe which generate flefh, and cicatrize; they are not abfterfive, but aftringent, and
prohibit the. flux of humours to the lips of wounds, ulcers, and fiftulas, they are
alfo called fymphyticks, traumaticks, and enaima; and are. temperate, and of a
thick fubflance, ftronger or weaker according to the perfon or part. 4. Epulotick
or cicatrizing, as in thofe which greatly dry and bind without biting, drinking
the humidity of the flefh, and contracting the fame, and. ‘covering with a thin callus
like unto the fkin ; therefore do more dry than incarnatives or glutinatives, for they
bind, contraét, conftipate, and indurate ; and are of thick fubftance, and cold : there
is alfo a fharp and biting epulotick that confumes dead flehh, called cathairetick,
and athird drying without aftri€tion. 5. Porotick or generating callus, by which
broken bones are ferruminated and knit, and is neither bone nor fiefh, but betwixt.

both, being a hard, dry, white body ; to the generation of which} are required a
convenient diet, and medicines applied which are emplaftick ; and ipodeeately, ikea ,
drying, thickening, hardening, and binding. 6. Diuretick oF provoking urine, as
1. In thofe things that are moift and —_ and of a thin a fiftence, al

ek on aoe and eines las tous Suse ic
ealily Soe Ss oes a efcend |

8 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

coactive and feparating. 7. Lithontriptick or breaking the fone, diffolving and ex-
pelling the gravel, as in thofe things which are diureptick, hot, dry, and of thin
parts; fharp, but more remifsly, and fomewhat bitter. Aifo fome do it by in-
cifion and deterfion, without much heat; fome by afper ity ; and others by oc-
cult property. 8. Emmenonagogick or drawing out the terms, as in ‘thofe things
which are hot and of thin parts, that they may concoct and digeft crude humours,
extenuate and incide. the grofs and rough, and remove obftructions by cleanfing
the paffages: fuch as are all proper diureticks : 2 which alfo promote the ex-
purgation of the menfes ; and if they. are alfo ftinking or bitter, they are moje

effectual: ftinking things depreffing the womb, and the. bitter being ‘purging.

There are alfo‘accidental byftericks ; as thofe which are analeptick, or ftrength-
ening after extenuation ; or which refrigerate and humeét the’ body dried by too
much heat : to thefe alfo have affinity, thofe things which expel ‘the fecandine
and dead-birth 5 efpecially thofe which are more ftrong, i.e. hot and of thin parts,
ftinking and bitter with acrimony, efpecially if taken ina great quantity and
often. Fhe proper are hot 2° -or 9°, and dry 1° or 2°> of meanly grofs fub-
ftance, and bitter with: acrimony: the contrary are the aftringents. 9. Bechick,
or helping the covgh, as in thofe things which. caufe or ftop the fame: for
thofe things which conduce to the ‘expectoration of grofs humours, do alfo
caufe coughing ;_ but, ‘on the contrary, thofé things which incraffate thin ‘hu-
mours, ftop and ‘eafe it it: but thole things” are hot and of thin parts, and extenu-
‘ating, which “expeftorate tough humours 5 3 yet there are alfo others which in fomie
meafure purge the breaft, not ‘much hot, nor very dry,” but 4 little’ moiftening,
or at leaft lenifying what is exafperated ; yet diureticks of the’ middle kind alfo
are. agreeable to the ‘breaft and lungs; which, if they are’cold, incraffate thin
humours and ftop coughing, a and efpecially thofe that are narcotick, or ftupifying.
10. Galattogenetick or generating milk, as partly in. meats, partly i in medicines ;
: it sel fuch as is ferrin _ a pees ick, or of good juice and of
oa otter and dryer if the blood’ be éold and fpi-
Sait and lef’ aie if troubled with. choler, _-Medicaments
Of thin parts and hot, and of affinity to thofe’ ‘things which pro-

t moft gentle ; but thofe things which 3 me "more trong
er ia generation” sheseat* hw

alet quai vy of bled “Alo it is Simotinea by pea dee are
gern and hindered By hings very cold and difcutient, 12, Hiydrorick or pro-

yvoking

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: © 9

-voking fweat, as in things of thin parts, and hot; yet fome are aftringent and
cold, working occultly. Alfo the cofmetick, for the fkin, is extenuating, lax-
ative, emollient, cleanfing, and difcuffing ; for the teeth, cleanfing and binding,
for the hair, healing, drying, and binding; for fcurf, cleanfing and difcuffing.
Note, as for the pharmick or ftermutatory quality, it is in thofe things that are
acrimonious, caufing an irrituition of the expulfive faculty; as errhines, that are
hot, nitrous, exterfive, and fharp; as white pepper, hellebore, ginger, pellitory
of Spain, caftor, cloves, fneefe-wort, and euphorbium finely powdered. Allo the
apophlegmatick is in things hot, and acrimonious ; yet fometimes do it occultly,
as in maftick, raifons, hyfop, organy, marjoram, pellitory of Spain, ginger, white
and black pepper, and. muftard-feed. The fcolerobrotick is in things bitter and
fharp, é&c. as wormwood, coraline, &c.

The fourth qualities are fuch which follow the fubftance, or ‘property of the
effence, and are found out only by experience; and are therefore called occult,
latent, and fpecifick; as in poifons, theriack and alexipharmick ' remedies, ro- ro-
borating the expulfive faculty, and being contrary, emplaftick, aftringent, eme-

_ tuck, cathartick, and fuderifick, with phlebotomy if need; amulets and cathar-
ticks, things antipathetick and {ympathetick, as alfo appropriate to any part, or
. adverfe unto the fame; the greateft fign of which, according to fome of the moft
learned authors, is fignature. The poiotichnology or way of finding out thefe
qualities, is by manifeft reafon. 1. By ofmellogy, or odouror fmell, which is
either {weet, familiar unto the fpirits of the brain, and a fign of heat, or ftinking ~
and offenfive, cold and moift ; the firft is in hot bodies, of thin parts, among which ~
there is difference according to the degrees thereof; but thofe things, which are
without odour, are of a erofs effence and humid, as thofe things which are falt
and auftere ; alfo fuch things. which are of a mordicant and bitter fmell are hor,
but thefe, that fmell like vinegar and acerb, are cold, for i in fome things the fenfe
of odours is like that of fapors, yet not of fo fafe conjecture, by reafon of the
inequality of fubftance; for moft bodies are of an. unlike confiftence, of each of
which parts odour fheweth not the temper, but where there are tenuous effus
‘viums or vapours, whereof the fweet ftrer ngthen the heart, the rank excite the
animal fpirits, the ftinking help the fuffocation of the matrix. 2. By chromatology,
or colour, which is either, 1. Lucid, exciting the animal fpirits, and drawing them —
— as: the white. ae Or te nel rofe, calling them inwards, and caufing eep, |
. 3. Yellow, , sIping the jaundice. 4. Green, ufeful ee oe yes

30 «=—-— CULPEPER’: ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

eth: from: heat.-. The red.and croceous &c. fhew exceflive ficcity and calidity or
heat. e The green and .porraceous are figns of much moilture. Alfo to the
white may the candid be reduced; to the yellow, the luteous, wax coloured, cro
ceous, golden, honey-coloured, citron, fox-coloured,: and vitcelline; to the red,
the light red, flaming, and fanguine colour; to, the purple, the violet, fleth co-
lour, and brunous; to the. green, the praffive, herbaceous, enginous, and porra-
ceous; to the fky-colour, the horn white, grey, grifled, black, and. blue, ath
colour, pale, and murry 5. to.the black, the dark. 3. By geuthmology, or fa-
pors, or taltes, which, according to fome, are, 1. more perceptible or manifett; —
as the fimples, which are, 4. hot, firft more hot, and fo firft of more thin. parts,
as the fharp, fecondly, of more thin parts, as the bitter, nitrous, and falt; fe-
condly, lefs hot, as the fweet, and is diverie according to.the diverfity of tenuity
and humidity. 2. Cold, firft of Srofs terrene parts. Firft, more grofs as the
acerbe: fecondly, lefs grofs, as the auftere and aftringent. -Secondly, of fub-
tile aqueous parts, and doubtful, as the acid... Thirdly, the mixed, as the vi.
‘nous, compounded of the acid and fweet. 2. Lefs perceptible, and almoft ine
fipid. 1, Aqueous, firfl more fubtile, as the acquinfipid ; fecondly, more. grofs.
Firft, glutinous, as the humilent; fecondly, fat, as the oleous. 2. Terrene, 1. fuc-
.culent, as the adoreous ; 2. more dry as the ligniterreous, The {apors or taftes arc, .

tel, Sy Mea Day eek i

. Te Aerie: 1. “bitter, wormwood-like, ,gaulifh, faline, or -aloetick, which is
contrary to the nature -of living creatures, the tafte whereof doth vellicate the
tongue. It confifteth. of terrene combuft parts, of which; fomeé are more fubtilé t
others,.more grofs .and terrene, exiccated by exuperant heat, or coagulated by
-cold, as appears in opium: and aloes. It is not nutritive, it openeth the moutks
wef the veins, caufeth; hemorrages, and thirft, and makes the blood fluxible: it at-
fenuateth, incideth, piteth, exafperates, cleanfeth, melterh, attracteth, yet more
mdrieth.and heateth, it confumeth, and refifteth putrefaGtion, drinking
aneous humours, and refifting fweetnefs + it is ‘hot and dry in the Fi
¢. terra nfta.. 2. Sharp, ,aromatical, biting, feptick, or arfenical, hot,
inning, ypricking the tongue, and biting the mouth, it confifteth of thin,
t Parts, as: pepper; onions, &c. If it be:not vehement, and hot under
3 faken, inwardly it doth penetrate, vopen, and attenuate thick hu-
»ttrarityeth the fkin, and draweth forth humours:

: ' » it troubleth the head with thin.vapours: if it
altick, and caufeth blifters and fcabs : and if it
ick and.cead y> allo it is of quick operation;

tidia

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, am

and. Seentt. 3 it attracteth from: remote parts, it feparates, corrodes, incideth, heat-
eth, burneth, and inflameth, it refolves, difcuffeth, excoriates, exulcerates, and
Strongly inciteth to.expergation ; if of more thin parts, it is diuretical; if of
thicker, cauftick: it is* more intenfe in dryer bodies, and more remifs where
there is an-aqueous-hymidity. It is hot and dry, ex aqua & terra attenuata, 3. Acid,
or ammoniacal,.,Je-penetrateth the tongue with its tenuity, yet without any ma-
nifeft heat, It confifteth of tenuous, cold, and dry parts, as vinegar, the juice
of lemons, .&c. It penetrateth and incideth no lefs than the harp fapour,
therefore it incideth, attenuates, ,biteth, detergeth, referates obftructions, repels,
and dries: and by sreafon of its, penetrating coldneis, it repels all Auxions ; and
by its ficeity {tops all eruptions of blood. Alfo it helps naufeoufnefs, corrodethi,
and, condenfates without heat; it exafperates and refifts putrefaétion, It: is-of
doub:ful qualities, fiery and aqueous, hot and cold, and of all contraries, - It is
cold and dry in the fecond degree, aqua ignita cum balitu terreo. 4. Nitrous, which
is in a mean between falt and bitter ; 5 yet weaker than this and more intenfe than |
other: it is biting and corroding, as nitre. It openeth the belly, and purgeth
the reins, terra fpiritibus compulfa. 5 Sale, or ferous. At corrodeth. the tongu
by exiccation, yet neateth not much ; it coniifteth in a mean matter 1 with. heat
and drynefs, and is generated of that which is terrene and dry, attenuate. and
preaffate by heat with an aqueous humidity, fo not altogether terrene, as falt:
therefore it contracteth the pores, incideth, detergeth, digefteth, and drinketh up
humidity by its dryneis, witnout any manutcit fenic of heat, and fo refitts putre-
faétion. It openeth, bitetn, exafperateth, abftergeth, cleanfeth, troubleth, pra-
voketh to expuifion, purgeth, fubverteth the ftomach, caufeth thirft, dryeth, de-
obftructs, aggregates, condenfeth, roborateth, and sonceaFiashe: Be i boeand dry
in the fecond degree, _ and corrofive. 6, Sweet, fat, honey-like. face sat
dilateth the tongue, and is pleafant, having no exuperant pall and bane j ina
mediocrity, as fugar and honey ; therefore it levigates what is exafperated, leni-
fies, maturates, concoéts, is anodyne, and only nourifheth ; alfo it digefts, rarifi
diftributes, loofeth, filleth the liver, ftops the ipleen, and is hot and moilt i in
the. firft degree, and of terraqueous parts. 7. Acerb, aftrictory, pontick, or alu-
minous. It contraéteth the tongue, ane. doth unequally exafperate the fame - 5
‘€xiccation ; it is near to the aultere, but ‘more troublefome to the tongue, asi
gent, sold, and dry. The matter thereof is terrene and dry, without any n
€, in which coldnefs is exadlly predominant with ficcity, as Vv ice:
therefore auesali. ‘it sronliete alll as ase ingent:) it Sapte the force : eA
Mours; as dry, it doth coarétat : ast

12 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

craffates humours, ard condenfates the fuperficies, it fhuts, corrugates, and in-
‘durateth, fo the auftere. It refiits poifon, and is cold and dry in the fecond de-
‘gree. 8. Auftere, ftyptick, aftringent, or vitriolate. It moderately bindeth the
tongue and mouth, coarétates the fame with a certain afperity, and doth in

_ fome meafure refrigerate and dry. It confifts in a mean matter, participating of
that which is terrene and watery, in which frigidity is predominant, as medlars
‘and wild pears, &c. It manifeftly refrigerateth, extinguifheth, bindeth, and con-
| aracteth, moderately ftops fluxions, and repelicth. It is fubacerb, leis cold and
dry, and exafperating, flopping, roborating, and indurating, terra /piritu com-

‘mota, as vitriol. The aftringent is weaker, as quinces. Mat. Med. fice. craff,

11. Meaw. 1. Oleous; it is fat, unétuous, and temperate ; generated of
‘that which is moift, zrious, and moderately hot, by elaxation of the watery part,
| ‘whereby it becomes more @rial, asoil. It is flow and weak in operation, ftop-
“ping the guftick or tafting organs. It doth humeét, lenify, and foften, loofen,
‘obftruct and caufe flatulencies and naufeoufnefs, having a certain obfcure and
| “remifs {weetnefs, and mean fub{tance. “2. Humilent : the matter thereof is grofs,
‘tough, aqueous, in which the earth being’ well mixed, caufeth corpulency, and
at is humid, little affeéting the tafte, more grofs and crude than the fweet. It is

smplaftick, ftopping the paffages, conghitinates what is disjoined, lenifies what
erated > aoe doth ee; as mucilages, &c. Mat. ee frig. obfcure.

mess: ale

ea*

oe ‘tiolttened: with a certain *haraidiey which alio is nor sees mixed e
‘the attivity of heat, as water. It is emplaftick, flopping and obltruéting, Jenify-
“ing what is exafperated, and conglutinating that which is ‘disjoined : and al-
at i fome affinity to fweet, yet it differeth in this, that it confifteth in a
more grofs and crude: it refrigerateth and doth more moiften, i 1. €.

a 3 ok the third degree,

— grofs. al pedi terrene, and
. fe eis {pirit, and humi midity, but exceeding, little, as ©
ry Bodies without juice. Mat. craff. serra abjque [pirit deo

moft agreeing to our nature, it recedes from

iC fivecetiefs in this, becaiife’ its sane being unattive, is hardly perceived, and it is
ro aor & grofs ; yet well tempered to a ——— mixed ficcity; whic eafily be-

comes

AND. COMPLETE HERBAL,. 13

comes paffive, and is apt for diftribution and folidity, as bread, corn, Materia
equalts receptibilis. 4, By Aphelogy, or the tactile quality or touch: fo pate
tude is a fign of the abundance of terreftrial parts, or humid and congealed:

huity of the fiery and erious: denfity of exiccation or congelation ; rarity a ;
drynefs, hardnefs of ficcity and carthinels, except caufed by the repletion of
humours : foftnefs of humidity, gravity is the companion of denfity : levity of
rarity 5 clamminefs of humidity ; aridity or friability of ficcity 5 fmoothnefs of an
arious or aqueous humidity; afperity of ficcity. 5 By allotofilogy, or difpofi-
tion, or mutability : fo, that which the foonett receiveth heat, is counted hot ;
and that moft cold which is. foonett congealed. 6. By pepeirology, or age, fo for
the moft part, thofe things that are young, more humid; the old more dry; alfo
whilft they are growing and immature, they have an aufterity, and acerbity 5 fo,
cold. 7. By phyteuteriology, or the place of growth ; fo plants growing by lakes,
are for the moft part. of a Sold, and moitt. temperature 5 the marthy, cold and,
fomewhat dry: the fluviatile, ary a and. vyery hot: the ‘marine, cold and dry; thofe.
of : a fat foil, are hot and moitt, , or temperate therein ; thofe of an hungry ground,
hot and dry ; thofe of. @ mean. earth, tepid ond fuitable to man’s nature ;_ thofe of
a fandy ground, hot and dry, and of thin parts; . thofe of a doubtfui growth, are,
of a mixt temperature ; the amphibious, if growing in fpringy places, cold and.,. 7
dry; if in litoral and marine, hot and dry ; the mountain plants are dry, hot, and:
of fubtile parts; the field, moderately hot and dry; they that grow in hollow
places, are cold and moift; the hilly, temperate; thofe that grow wild, are colder
and dryer than the domeliick if of the fame fpecies, the dameftick are milder and 43
more weak. 8. By protergafiology, or the operations of the firft four qualities, as.,.
above faid- 2. By experience, which in certitude exceeds all the reft, and mutt.
be made with a fimple body, without any external quality, and that in a tempe-_
rate fubject ; in alk which, that muft be diftinguithed which i is done per fe, from
that which is per accidens. Thus of the way of finding out the manifeft qualities, -
i.e. of the firft; after which the fecond are known, as arifing from the Grit 5 bur

efpecially by fapor or tafte. 3 pee elds 6. cri fasjeesi ot ws

Now follow the occult qualities ; which are difcovered, I. By phytogne m
fignature, i.e. phytoptical or external, ‘either i in form, cclour,, or property 5,
reprefenting the parts of man’s body, the humours, or difeafes 5 _and fo the appro- go
_ priations are as follow. For the head in genera]. Walnuts, piony,. poppy, fqui Boa:
larch-tree, its agarick, and turpentine, indian nut, and flowers of the. lilly of th
valley, For the brain. Wood betony, fage, rofemary,. lavender, marjoram,

No, 2. E on

1 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN, —

‘ rofes, cowflips, bear's ears, lilly of the valley, and mifletoe. For reftoring hair.
Quinces, mofs, and maiden-hair. For the eyes. Fennel, vervain, rolis, celan-
dine, rue, eye-oright, clary, and hawkweed, herb paris, grains, and anemony.
For the ears. Affarabecca, ground-ivy, ivy, poplar tree, night-fhade, fow-fennel,
and fow-thiftle. For the nofe. Wake-robin, flower de luce, horfe-tail, thepherd’s
purie, willow, biftort, tormentil, cinquefoil, and fow-bread, For che mouth in
general. Medlar, mulberries, mints, purflain, and golden-rod. For the {curvy.
Scurvy drafs, finall houfeleek, aloes, fumitory, and creffes. For the teeth. Pine,
pomegranate, maftick, mafter-wort, coral, coral-wort, reftharrow, henbane, and
wild tanfey. For the drynefs of the mouth. Flea-wort. For the difeafes of the

_ throat, roughnefs, quinfy, king’s evil, &c. Throat-wort, date-tree, winter-green,
horfé tongue, fig-wort, archangel, fox-glove, orpine, pellitory of the wall, wheat,
barley, garlick, Itquorice, fig-tree, hyffop, ragwort, plantane, columbines, cudweed,
and Jew’s ears. For fhortnefs of breath, coughs, expectorations, hoarfenefs, 8c.
Elecampane, almond-tree, vines, reeds, fugar-cane, jujubes, febeftens, fcabions,
coleworts, nettles, and turnips. For contracting women’s breafte. Lady’s man-
tle, and fanders. For breeding milk. Annifeéd, nigella, mallows, dill, rampions,
periwinkle, and lettuce. For iwoln breafts. Fennel giant, gourds, bafil, beans,

~ Tentils, and lilies. For fore nipples. Dock crefies. For the lungs, ftoppings, con-
fumptions thereof, &c. Horehound, langwort, tobacco, fun-dew, hedge muftard,
colt’s-toot, woocbine, mullein, cowflips of Jerufalem, fanicle, polypody, whortle-
berries, and {weet cieely. For che heart, qualms, faintnefs, 8c. Angellica, fafs

-. fron, borage, violets, ftrawberries, wood-forrel, balm, marigolds, fwallow- wort,
‘goat’s rue, viper’s grais, pomecitrons, gentian, fcordium, burnet, avens, cloves,
clove, gill owers, lign m aloes, cinnamon, and viper’s buglofs. For ftitches, and

ee pains in the fides. Carduus benediétus, our lady’s thiftle, camomile, fweet tre-

: foil, melilote, oats, valerian, ftitch-wort, flax, and lined, For purging the fto-

_ mach, Wormwood, myrobalanes, groundfell, radith, black alder, oily nutben,
fene, daffodills, white heleboré, and purging caffia. For breaking wind. Carra-
ways, cummin, camels hay, ginger, galanga, cardamoms, pepper, nutmeg, corian-
der, and orange. For cooling and ftrengthening the ftomach, Apples, pears,

peaches, apricots, plan abs, cherries, goofeberries, currans or ribes. For the liver,

4 tubarb, termerick, agrimon' , liverwort, fuccory, alecoaft, and maudlin, docks,

- forrel, beets, fmallage, cleavers, and chickweed. For the droply. Elder, folda-

nella, bryony, mechoacan and jalap, “broom, afh, ague-tree or faffafras, palma
chrifti or great fpurge, glaffwort, fpurge laurel, toad-flax, and baftard marjoram or
organy. For the fpleen. Dodder, black hellebore, tamarinds, fpleen-wort or

miltwatte,

‘AND: COMPLETE HERBAL. 45

miltwafte, hart’s tongue, ferne, capers, tamarifk, germander, calamint, poley moun-
tain, and lupines. For the reins, biadder, ftone, and flranguary, &c. Afparagus,
parfley, marthmallows, goats thorn, {pikenard, {weet imelling flag, cyprus or Eng-
lifh galingale, hops, knotgra{s, parfley pert, faxitrage, dropwort, gromel, onions,
winter cherries, dog’s grafs, butcher’s broom, chervil, brooklime, hawthorn, le-
mons, cyprus tree, kidney-wort, kidney beans, oak, buck’s horn, plantane, fam-
phire, fraxineila, and alheal. For the cholick. Bay tree, holly, juniper, Olive tree,
colloguintida, and bindweed. For the worms. Centaury, lovage, tanfey, laven-
der, cotton, carrots, and parfnips, {fpignel, bifhop’s weed, Englith worm feed, leeks,
and horfe-radith. For loofenefs, the bloody flux, 8c. Sumach, myrtle, ciftus,
blackthorn, bramble, teafel, rice, flixweed, pilewort, and water betony. For pro- ©
voking luft. Artichokes, fea holly, potatoes, fkirrets, peafe, rocket, muftard, cot-
ton, fiftick-nut, chefnut, chocolate, fatyrions, and dragons. For abating luft.
Agaus, or the chafte tree, hemp, water lily, hemlock, camphire, -and tutfan. For
provoking the terms. Mugwort, pennyroyal, fouthern wood, favory, thyme, alexan~
der, and anemony. For ftopping the terms and’ the whites. ‘Comfry, moufcar,
yarrow, mede fweet, adder’s tongue, lunaria, trefoil, money-wort, darnel, flower
gentle, blites, dragon tree, beech tree, and haiel-nut tree. For the mother, Mo-
ther-wort; feaveriew, callamint, burdock, butte rburr, erach, afta feetida, and
cow parfnip. For expediting childbirth. Birthwort, mercury, madder, ditany,

dittander, pepperwort, holm oak, and. its chermes, For expelling the dead child,

and atter-birth, Ground pine, favin, and birch tree. For ruptures or burftnefs.

Rupturewort, thorouhgwax, folomon’s feal, balfam apple, dove’s foot, or crane’s
bill, and elm. For the French pox. Guajacum, China, and farfaparilla, . For
the {welling in the groin. Starwort, and he:b Paris. _ Kor green wounds and old
ulcers, Si. John’s. wort, arfmart, bugie, felf-heal, faracen’s confound, loofe-
firife, daify, and ipeedwell. For drawing out {plinters, Pimpernel. For fellons.

Woody nightfhade. For furbated feet, Lady’s bedftraw. For excreffencies. Aga-
rick, galls, and other excreflencies oi trees. For the jaundice, Calendine, faffion,
and. centaury. For pimples, tetters, and ringworms. The bark of the birch ‘tree,
and tree lungwort. For jpots.. Garlick, wake robin, fnar’s cowl, arfma rt, and
{patted lungwort. For the polypus. The root of the leffer celandine, and of poly-
pody. For the. feab, Polipedy. and favin, For yellow choler As. aliment, faffron,

beets, figs ; as medicine, aloes, . jenna, wormwood flowers; {purge, coloquintida, ee

and thubarb, &c. For praffine choler, Thofe things that have a gicen and herb-
like colour, as Diites. ‘and- orach.. For pale choler. Briony, having pale
For melancholy. - Black blite, borrage, bugiofs, &c. For phlegm, | Gor
Jetruce. For mixt humors. Things of a mixt colour. oe.

ah Altro. :

18 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

» H. Aftrological or Internal, of which the appropriations are, to the planets.
3. To the Sun, which is a benevolent planet, moderately hot and dry, a friend to
Jupiter and Venus, and an enemy to the reft; and as it were the heart of the mi-
- ¢rocofm, and therefore it produceth the vital fpirits thereof, by which the whole
vniverfe is cherifhed; and it is the fountain of peculiar influences, by which. it
particularly helpeth things familiar, and hindereth what is contrary to itfelf. It
governeth the heart and arteries, the fight cold and moift, and eyes; the finews
and the brain with the Moon, and alfo with Mercury. Of ficknefles, {woonings,
‘ cramps, the ophthalmy, watering eyes, and the cardiack with Jupiter ; pimples,
heart-burning, tremblings, faintings, tympanies, difeafes of the mouth, convulfions,
all difeafes of the heart, flinking breath, catarrhs, and putrid fevers; it governs
the vital faculty, and the tafte which is hot and moift; alfo the attractive virtue
with Mars, it being hot and dry, and the digeftive hot and moiit ; under which
are, Angelica, afh tree, bawm, one blade, burnet, butter burr, camomile, celan-
dine, centaury, eyebright, St. John’s wort, lovage, marigolds, mifletoe, piony,
St. Peter’s wort, pimpernel, rofa folis, rofemary, rue, faffron, tormentil, tornfole,
viper’s buglofs, and walnut tree: as aHfo all {pices, forrel, wood forrel, mallow,
borage, marjoram, dittany, gentian, ivy, elecampane, lavender, bay tree, olive
tree, mints,. date tree, oranges, pomecitrons, thyme, vine tree, wood of aloes, ze-
doary, maftick, frankincenfe, and myrrh. 2. To the Moon, which is a planet in a
mean, between good and bad; moderately cold and moift, a friend to Jupiter,
Saturn, Venus, and Mercury, and an enemy to the other two; and is correfpon-
dent to the brain, and. therefore fympathetic with the nervous parts and animal
fpirits; or it is the generatory of humidity, by which the whole univerfe is moift-
ened ; and is the fountain of peculiar influences, by which primarily and peculiarly
it doth affect things familiar to itfelf, and fecondarily things agreeing to Saturn,
Jupiter, Venus, and Mercury, as being benevolent unto the fame, or, (as fome)
‘itis as it were the liver of the microcofm. Under it are alfo the ftomach, bowels,
and'b dder, as fome fay with Saturn. Of fickneffes, the cholick, phlegmatic
impofthumes, all kinds of oppilations, and the epilepfy with Mars and Mercury,
the palfy with Saturn, and the menftrual ficknefs with Venus ;' alfo apoplexies,
_ Palfies, belly ach, difeates of the tefticles, bladder, and genitals ; {topping and
overflowing of the terms in women, dropfy, fluxes, all cold and rheumatick dif-
eafes, the gout, feiatica, worms in the belly, hurts in the eyes, furfeits, rotten
coughs, convulfions, king’s evil, fall pox and meafles, crude humours, lethar-
BIes, and all phlegmatic difeafes: alfo the expulfive faculty, which is cold and
_ moift. Under which are, Adder’s tongue, cabbages, coleworts, columbines,

a

water

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, » 17

watercreffes, duck’s meat, yellow waterflags, flower de luce, flucllin, ivy, lettuce,
water lilies, loofeftrife, with and: without fpiked heads, moon wort, moufear, or-
pine, poppies, purflain, privet, rattle grafs, white rofes, white faxifrage, burnet faxi-
frage, wall flowers, or winter gellow flowers, and willow tree; as alfo chafte tree,
winter cherries, garlick, reeds, brooklime onions, cammomile, frogftools, hyflop,
mattick tree, mandrake, nutmegs, walnuts, line tree, water plantain, turnips,
houfleek, and common leeks. 3. To Saturn, which is a malignant: planet, diur-
nal, mafculine, and very cold; a friend to Mars, and an enemy to the reft, and
anfwereth to the fpleen of the microcofm: yet fome afcribe it to the head, as alfo
Jupiter and Mars. Some fay alfo, that Saturn ruleth the right ear, alfo the bones,
fundament, and the retentive faculties, cold and dry in the whole body; and
the bladder with the Moon. Of fickneffes, the leprofy, canker, quartern ague,
palfy, confumption, black jaundice, illiac paffion, dropfy, catarrah, gout in the feer,
and fcrophulas ; as alfo apoplexies, tooth ach, all melancholic difeafes, cold and
dry, tremblings, vain fears, fancies, gout, dog-like appetite, hemorrhoids, broken
bones, diflocations, deafnefs, pain in the bones, ruptures, (if he be in Leo or Scor-
pio, or in an evil afpeét to Venus) the chin cough, pain in the bladder, all long
difeafes, melancholic madnefs, fear or grief; he governs the memory alfo, which is
cold and dry; andthe hearing alfo. Under it are, barley, red beets, beech tree, bi-
foyle or tway blade, bird’s foot, biftort or fnakeweed, blue bottles, buckshorn,
plantain, wild campions, pilewort, cleavers or goofegrafs, clowns woundwort,
comfrey, cudweed or cottonweed, f{ciatica creffes, crofwort, darnel, doder, epithy-
mum, elm tree, ofmond royal, fleawort, flixweed, fumitory, ftinking gladdon,
goutwort, winter green, hawkweed, hemlock, hemp, henbane, horfetail, knapweed,
knotgrafs, medlar tree, mofs, mullien, nighthhade, polypody, poplar tree, quince
tree, rupture wort, rufhes, Solomon’s feal, Saracen’s confound, fervice tree, cete-
rach or {pleenwort, tamarifk, melancholy thiftle, blackthorn, thoroughwax, tutfan
or park leaves, and wood: as alfo aconite, chafte tree, parfley, ftinking tree, af-
phodil, ftarwort, orach, fhepherd’s purfe, capers, cummin, cyprefs, fern, black
hellebor, great dock, mandrake, mulberry tree, opium, herb truelove, pine tree
favine, fage, fenna, and fengreen. 4. To Jupiter, which is a benevolent planet,
moderately hot and moift, a friend to all the reft, except Mars: anfwering to the
liver, and cherifhing the faculties thereof by its influence. Some affirm alfo, that
he rules the lungs, ribs, fides, veins, blood, and digeftive faculty; the natural —

virtue of man, as alfo the griftles and fperm with. Venus, the arteries, and pulfe. =e

Of ficknefs; the et apoplexy, plurify, a the cardiac with th
No. 3. G an

13 CULPEPER?’ s! ENGUPSMOPHYSICIAN

Sth,’ salinity? umnefs of the finews) and ftinkingof ahe mouth, all ania of 8

ce liver and veins; "apytumes about the Greattand ribs, all.difeafes proceeding from
putrefaction of blood and wind, fevers, and, other difeafes;; he-governeth the bloods °
hotiand moilt ; fo the judgment. Wander which are, agrimony, alexander, a‘para~
gusjaveas, bay tree, white beets, water betony, wood betony, bilberries, borrage, -
buglofs, chervil, fweetrcicely, cinquefoil, alecoft or, coftmary, dandelion, docks,
bloodwort, doy’s or quick grafs, endive, hart’s tongue, hyffop, fengreen or houfe-
leek, liverwort, ) lungwort,: fweet maudlin, oak tree, red. rofes, fage, fauce aloneor
jack by the Hedge, icurvy grafs, fuccory,. and our lady’s thiftle; as alfo almonds,
walnuts, barberries, caliamint, cherries, cornel tree, hound’s tongue, beans, beech
tree, ftrawberries, afh tree, fumitory, liquorice, barley, white lilly, flax, darnel, mace,
apple tree, mints, mulberries, myrobalans, nuts, bafil, olive tree, organy, raifins,
pine tree, peach tree, roots of piony, poplar tree, purflain, plumb tree, felf heal,
pear tree, rhubarb, currans, madder,: fervice tree, {pike, confound, wheat, violets,
vine tree, maitick, ftorax, fugar, and all other fweet things. 5. To Mars, which
is a planet exceeding hot and dry,a friend to Venus, and an enemy to all the reit; j
cherifhing the bladder and gall of the-microcofm. Some fay, he rules the left ear,
apprehenfion, and caufeth valour; as alfu the veins, genitals, telticles, and the
reins with Venus, Ov ficknefles ; ri peftilence, hot fevers, yellow jaundice, fhin-
gles, carbuncles, fiftulas, cholerick fluxes, fevers tertian and quatidian, all wounds,
efpecially-in the face; and the epilepfy with the Moon and Meycury : alfo megrims,
burning, fealding, ringworms, blifters, phrenfy, fury, hairbrains, fudden diftempers
of the heart, the bloody flux, fitulas, difeafes in the genitals, {tone in the reins and
bladder, cars, pockholes, hurts by iron and fire, the calenture, St. Anthony’s fire,
and, all difeates of choler and. paffion ; he governs fmelling alfo, which is hot and
| ays - fo.the, attractive virtue, To which belong, arfmart, afiarabecca, barberry
she: fweet. bafil, bramble buth,. _briony, brooklime,- butcher’s. broom, broom, |
crowfoor, wake robin, crane’s bill, cotton thiftle, toad flax, furze bufh,
ig J hops, madder > mafterwort, mottard, hedge muftard, nettles,
Re dittander, carduus, benedictus, radith, horfe radifh, rhubarb,
is thubarb, thiftles, ftar thiftle, tobacco, woolly thiftle, treacle
: om = d, dyer’s weed, and wormwood ;-as alfo birthwert,
es ” . tee, nea stu euphorbium, fpearwort, hellebore,
aS St Plantane, leeks, plumb tree, oak tree, tor-
, fcammony, ‘emt ase things... 6, To Venus, which i is a be-
ine, moderately cold, a little more, intenfely moitt,
UY, and the Mcon ; 3 an enemy to Saturn, and.
having

AND COMPLETE HERBAL |:;- 19

having an influence upon the genitors, and. urinary parts; as No ‘upon.the throat,
women’s breafts, and milk therein; the loinsy»the liver,,.and {perm with. J upiter,
and the reins with Mars. Of ficknefles; “all difcafes of the,matrix, gonorrhea, flux
of urine, priapifin, weaknefs of the ftomach and, liver, . french POX, flux of the
bowels, and the menftrual ficknefs with the Moon :)and all difeafes ot the genitals,
reins, and navel ; and all difeafes by immoderate luft,, -weaknefs_ inthe act ¢ of f gene-
ration, all forts of ruptures, all difeafes of the urine, andyilliack paffion, and go-
verns the procreative virtue, and the feeling with Mercury,. which ts of call quali-
ties. Under which are, alehoof or ground ivy, black alder. tree, apple tree, ftinking
orach, archangel or dead nettles, beans, lady’s bedftraw, birch tree, bifhop’s weed,
blices, bugle, burdock, cherry tree, winter cherries, chickweed, cich peale,, lary,
cock’s head, colt’s foot, cowflips, daifies, devil’s, bite,» elder, dwarf elder, eringo,
featherfew, figwort, filipendula, foxgloves, golden rod, gromewel, groundiel, herb
robert, herb truelove, kidneywort, lady’s mantle, mallows, marfhniallows, mercury,
‘mints, motherwort, mugwort, nep, parf{nip, peach tree, pear tree, pennyroyal, peri-
winkle, plantane, plumb tree; primrofes, ragwort, rocket, . winter rocket, damafk
rofes, wood fage, fanicle, felf heal, foapwort, forrel, wood. forrel, fow thifties,
_fpignel, ftrawberries, garden tanfey, wild tanfey or filyerweed, teafels, vervain, , vine
tree, violets, wheat, and yarrow; as alfo afphodil, maiden hair, coriander, fow
bread, figs, ground ivy, flower de luce, all kinds of lillies, melilot, pomegranates,
daffodil) ftone parfley} fweet pears, rofes, fanders, fatyrion, wild thyme, thyme,
vervain; violet, Jadanum,; mufk, amber, and all kinds of perfumes. 7 To Mer-
cury, which is a mutable planet, good with the good, and bad with the bad; hot
with the hot, and cold with the cold; dry with the e dry, and moitt with the hu-
mid; a friend to Saturn, Jupiter, Venus, and. the Moon ; and an enemy t Ma
and the Sun, reprefenting the lungs,, which. it doth fympathetically rrengthen bj
its influences ; yet fome appropriate it to. the middle of the belly ; fome fay alfo
that he rules the. brain, efpecially the imagination, hot and dry ; the tongue, hands,
feet, and irrational parts, and that alone he maketh apprehenfive,. defirous of know-
ledge, and very fickle; as alfo that he governeth the fpirits, memory, and brain,
with the Sun and Moon. | Of fickneffes ; madnefs,. lofs of the common fenfes,

doting, lifping, and ftammering, coughs,. hoarfnels, and the epilepfy with the lo od
and Mars ; almoft»all difeafes. of the brain, as vertigoes, &c. all difeafes of the

Jungs, as afthmas, pthyficks, &&c.. all, imperfections of the tongue, and memory, ee

lect. ‘Under j it are, oka = mountain mint, carrots, Carraways, dill , elec

s, epidemical difeafes, . and hurts of thei inte ae :

$6 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

tongue, lavender, liquorice, wall rue, maiden hair, golden maiden hair, fweet mar-
joram, melilot, money wort, mulberry tree, oats, parfley, cow parfnip, pellitory of
the wall, chamepity, or groundpine, reft harrow or cammock, famphire, fummer
and winter favory, fcabious, fmallage, fourhernwood, meadow trefoil, garden va-
lerian, and honey fuckles or woodbine; as alfo marfhmallows, anifeed, colum-
bine, daify, cammomile, cubebs, beans, fumitory, walnut tree, juniper tree, mer-
Cury, Navew, cinquefoil, ftone parfley, butterburr, burnet, peony, longwort, elder,
fpeedwell, wild thyme, and colt’s foot. All which are faid to cure difeafes by
fympathy, fo each planet cures its own: or antipathy, fo the contrary. And are
under the planets primarily and directly, or immediately, or fecondarily, by the ref- }
pective amity of the reft. Note, That the folar planets have a good fhape, yellow
flower, good fmell and tafte, and in open meridianal places. The lunar are thick.
leaved, juicy, waterifh, fweet tafted, foon grown up, in waterifh places. Fhe Sa- -
turnine, ill fhaped, of ill fmell, binding tafte, lean ; ia filthy, woody, folitary,”
dark places. The jovial, of good tafte and fmell, red or fky-coloured, oily fub-
ftance, plain leaved, in fat places. The martial, rough and prickly, reddifh, of
burning tafte, in dry places. The venereal, white flowered, of clammy juice, of
fweet tafte, pleafant fmell, fmooth leayed, not laciniate. The mercurial, verticolor,
flowered, codded, arenary.

I. To the figns, as followeth, among{t which there are four decrees, after the
manner of the four firft qualities ; fo they are appropriate, 1. To Aries, which is
a mafculine fiery fign, or hot and dry, fympathetical to the head. Some fay, it is
eaft, mafculine, choleric, Governing! the face, eyes, ears, &c. and whatever is
above the firft vertebra of the neck. Of fickneffes, the apoplexies, mania, fpots
and wounds in the face, abortifements, and other impetuous difeafes, ringworms,.
and morphews 3 alfo the fmall pox and meafels, polypus, and all difeafes in the
head. Thus in the firft degree, red mugwort, betony, fuccory, larkfpur, dane
Wort, mints, peach kernels, butterburr, wild thyme, colt’s foot, and fluellin; and

are to be gathered in the end of the dog days, after the full of the Moon. In the
fecond degree, fperage, St. John’s wort, milfoil, plantane, and peony ; and are to be
gathered the Sun and Moon being in Cancer. In the third degree, agarick, gar- _
den fpurge, mezeron tree, wild gourds, fpurge, colt’s foot, gentian, privet, nut-

‘meg, palma chrifti, elder, and farfaparilla ; and are to be gathered betwixt —
4 St. J ne ss and St. Laurence’s day. In the fourth degree, fouthernwood, cala-
mint, Capers, cinnamon, white hellebore, marjoram, hoarhound, wild creffes, rofe-
_ mary, turbith, and fpike; and are to be gathered partly in April, partly in Sep-
= | | Sai

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, ot

tember. 2. To Taurus, which is a terreftrial feminine fign, cold and dry, fyrnpathe-
tic to the neck and throat. It is fouth, feminine aid melancholic, governing
the voice, feven vertebras of the neck and channel bone. Of ficknefles ; quinces,
{cropulas, catarrhs, and hoarfnefs ; and all difeafes incident to the throat. Thus
in the firft degree, betony, milrwafte, ground i ivy, the root of white lillies, mints,
daffodill, polypody, rofes, rofemary, valerian, and violets; and mollify the tumors
of the jawsand fpleen. In the fecond degree, maicen hair, winter cherries, colum=
bines, ivy, Solomon’s feal, oak tree, and mifletoe of the oak; and help wounds,
In the third degree, buglofs, our lady's thiftle, hound’s tongue, agrimony, ‘the
leffer dock, organy, ftone parfley, oak tree, cinquefoil, fanicle, figwort, tormentil,
perwinkle, and filver weed; and are traumatic. Inthe fourth degree, moufear,
great burdock, wild betony, great celandine, afh tree, mallows, lungwort, fea-
* bious, and ground ivy; and have antipathy with the fublunaries which are under
Libra and Scorpio, but fympathetic with thofe that are under Cancer and Sagit-
tarius. 3. To Gemini, which is a a mafedline fign, airy, but hot and moift, pof-
“feffing the fhoulders: it is weft, mafculine, fahguine, ae the arms: and
hands, with the pa o1 ging thereun' OF fick elles 5 ph 4
others of blood there ; “and all fick aNd eee as are incident | . |
fhoulders, really or by accident. Thus, in the firit ehele sna ‘marth
lows, buglofs, borrage, fennel, hyffop, ftone parfley, felf heal, and wall rue. In
the fecond degree, great burdock; buglofs, férn, white lime tree, turnips, &c. In
the third degree, chickweed, wake robin, mace, and dead nettle. In the fourth
. degree, forrel, germander, cammomile, celandine, mugwort, and rhubarb and
they have an antipathy with the fublunaries of Capricorn, and fympathy with
‘thofe: of Libra, and Aquaries. 4. To Cancer, which is a feminine fig, vatery
‘cold, and moift, fympathetic to the breaft and lungs, as alfo t sme ribs and fplee
and cureth the difeafes thereof. It is ‘north, feminine and phleg
the liver alfo. OF ficknetfes; “the albpetii, Bre yes,

CE Sy “at , sath and i cic idet |

ar eat Corks! |
\lime, ’ foxgloves, “cud

ag ——n |
Rei 7S hot. ”

sf 1 is a mafic ae or hot an
No. 3,. oe H

~S

2 «ss CULL P@WPERts- ENGLISH. PHYSICIAN,

{tomach. « It is of the eaft, mafculine, cholleric, ruling the back, fides, and mid-
riff, with Virgo, and the twelve vertebrae of the breaft, pericard, and appetite. Of
ficknefles; the cardiac paffion, the trembling of the heart, and {wooning ; all dif-
eafes thereof, and back, and all difeafes of choler and aduftion. Thus, in the firft
. degree, bafil, faffron, cyprefs tree, carnations, byffop, lavender, water plantane, fun.
dew, fea bindweed, and thyme. In the fecond degree, wild angelica, tway blade,
centaury, galingale, gentian, and devil’s bit. In the third degree, finking May
weed, carrot, mints, garden creffes, pennyroyal, crowfoot, and nettles. In the
fourth degree, biich tree, box, broom and bay tree ; the firft are to be gathered the
Sun being in Pifces, the Moon in Cancer. The fecond fort in the beginning -of
May before funrifing, or in the end of Avgut, or the Sun being in Taurus, and
the Moon in Gemini. The third, the Sun being in Leo, and the Moon in Virgo;
and the laft quadrature, or for refrigaration, the Sun being in Taurus, and the
Moon ia Gemini. The fourth, the Sun being in Pifces, and the Moon in Aqua- ~
ries, or both. -6. To Virgo, which is a feminine fign, earthy, cold, dry, and fym-
pathetic to the liver, inteftines, and belly. Ic is fouth, feminine, melancholic; go-
' verning the midriff with Leo, the navel, fpleen, omentum, and _ all that belonceth
tothem. Of fickneffes ; the cholic and illiac paffion, oppilations of the foiaens
and black jaundice; alfo all difeafes incident to the bowels, meferaic veins, omen-
x tum, diaphram, and fpleen, Thus, in the firft degree, forrel, wood forrel, bur-
_ dock, fuccory, plantane, pear tree, and wild faze. In the fecond degree, white _
beets, medlars, Solomon’s feal, and briar buth. In the third, birthwort, bugle,
fleabane, felf heal, and oak tree. In the fourth, carduus benediétus, {mall cen-
faury, black alder tree, adder’s tongue, floe tree with all its parts, fruit and flow-
ers, tormentil, and biftort. 7. To Libra, which is a mafculine fign, airy, hot, and
moift, fympathetic to the reins and bladder. It is weft, mafculine, fanguine; go-
‘verning, the navel and buttock with Scorpio. Of fickneffes ; a!l filuhy fcabs and
face, lofs of fight, cankers, hemorrhoids, the leprofy, alopecia, and
"ales of the reins, wind, and blood corrupted. Thus, in the -firft
paeilies bogie, feverfew, cowflips, goat’s beard, and water parf-
Gree, marfhmallows, cammomile, mifletoe, martagon, mal-

aft

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 23

both fexes, and bladder. Thus, in the firft degree, croffwort, hawthorn, and fer-
vice tree ; as alfo all fimples of the firft degree of Cancer gathered in Oétober. In
the fecond degree, ath tree, all forts of apples, and plumb tree. In the third, bar-
berry tree, box, feverfew, and foapwort ; hereto belong all herbs of the fecond de-
gree of Cancer. In the fourth, great red beets, mercury, daffodill, and ribes. 9. To
Sagittarius, which is a mafculine fign, hot, and dry, fympathetic to the loins, 8zc,
‘It is eaft, mafculine, choleric, governing the thighs and hips. Of fickneffes ; hot _
fevers, blear eyes, and falls, and all difeafes in the thighs and hips. Thus, “inthe |
firft degree, comfrey, onion, radith, figwort, flowers of line tree, fefamum, and ver-
vain. In the fecond degree, garlick, wild angelica, henbane, lovage, and leavés
of willow tree. In the third degree, red beet, affarabecea, celandine, faffron, fern,
ground ivy, madder, devil’s bit, and turmeric. Inthe fourth degree, gum thiftle,
creffés, and white vine. 10. To Capricorn, which is a feminine fign, terreftrial.
. orearthy, cold and dry, fympathetic to the knees and nerves, It is fouth, femi-.
nine, melancholic, governing the hams, and what belongeth to them. Of fickneffes,
achs in the knees, deafnefs, lofs of fight and fpcech, itch and {cabs, and foulnefs.
of the fin ; all difeafes in the knees and hams, and all difeafes of melancholy, and
fcirrhus’s. Thus, in the firft degree, . marigold, black cherries, elecampane, mul
berry tree, bramble buf, and worts. In the fecond degree, blackberries, mullein,
and garden endive. In the third degree, acorus, wake robin, fhepherd’s purfe,.
comfrey, gourds, galingale, garden mallow, and all kinds of fow thiftles. In the
tourth degree, helebore, henbane, mandrake, monk’s hood, herb truelove, favin,
nightfhade, and ftaves acre. 11. To Aquaries, which is a mafculine fign, zrious,.
hot, and moift, fympathetic to the legs. It is weft, mafculine, fanguine, governing.
what belongs to the nerves.. Of ficknefits, quartain fevers, the black jaundice,
fwellings of the legs, and varices ; alfo all difeafes incident to the legs and. ankles,
all melancholy coagulated in the blood. Thus, in the firft degree, angel i
carrot, fig tree, flowers of the afh tree, ground | ‘ivy, walnut tree, melilot, Manicle,, —
_Solomon’s feal, and periwinkle. In the fecond degree, Jarkfpur, cummin, dodder_
"of thyme, crane’s bill, clotbur, rofe root, wall rue, wild fage, and white nettle. In.
the third degree, agrimony, moufear, clary, mer -ury, faxifrage, and dragon. © Inthe
fogrth site the leaves of faliapeicee: mother wort, hemlock, and medlars. 12. To.

and all cold aad. on difeates oe

0% CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

bage, gourds, elecampane, myrobalans, navew, water lilly, purflain and turnips, Jn_
the fecond degree, artichokes, calve’s fnont, blue bottle, and golden flower gentle,
In the third degree, nigella, garden and wild poppy, and fow thiftle. In the fourth
degree, hemlock, henbane, monk’s heed, horned poppy, and white nightthade.

Here let it be remembered, that in all thefe the fympathy and antipathy of the -
figns and planets, is to be obferved ; both effential by houfe and exaltation, tem-
perature, or quality, or conditions ; or elfe accidental, by configurations , of which
fome are obnoxious and hateful, as a quartile and oppofition ; as alfo the conjune-
tion of bad planets: others are healthful, as a fextile and trine, and the conjunction
of good planets. Next confider, what difeafes every planet caufeth diftingly of -
of himfelf, and what under the figns of the zodiac ; what parts the planets gene-
rally rule, and what of the figns they are under, and houfes of the heaven in. a ce-
leftial fcheme ; and what part each planet particularly rules, according to his tranfit
through each. fign, Then may the nature and kind of the difeafe be found out by
the figure of the decumbirure. 1. By the houfes of heaven; of which, the fixth,
feventh, and twelfth, fignify difeafes. 2. By the nature of the fens; as fiery,
earthy, airy, and watery. 3. By the planets, and their afpeéts. The part. may be
found out by confidering the ‘government of the fign ; and mafculine planets fig-
nify. the right fide, and the feminine the left, and afflict where ruling. As for the
length of the difeafe, it may be found out by the nature of the planets, as followeth ; _
- Saturn caufing long fickneffes ; the Sun and Jupiter, fhort; Mars fhorter, but
acute ; Venus, mean; Mercury, inconftant, as afpected ; the Moon gives fuch as
often return. Whether it thall end by life or death, weli or ill, may be conjectured
from afpects. The Sun giveth vital heat to the creation, the Moon giveth radical
matics, Saturn fixeth and putrifieth this, Jupiter rurneth ic into nourifhment,
Mars calcine it, Venus makes it fruitful, and Mercury makes it rational, As-for.
Sy ~ fire, enews oe be not Heavies or ec bys a con-

ifeafe: Moon. in piaacice. with ‘a mental Fhe occle que
tata es Se ee

F ty
ee

‘ : : | LN

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 25

II, Next follow thofe things which are more remote, that concern planets and
other medicinals, as commonly to be compounded therewith. As 1. The Topo-
logy, or place of gathering them ; thus, 1. Herbs are to be gathered in mountains,
hills, and plain places ; in thofe that are higheft efpecially, and expofed to the fun
and winds ; except fome few, as germander and ground pine, which are more odo-
riferous and frequent on hills ; but thofe that grow only in plain places, are to be
gathered in more dry places, and more remote from lakes and r.vers, except they
delight in more moifture, as water caltrops, water lillies, &c.- 2. Flowers are to be
gathered in the fame places, in which there are the beft plants, 3. So fruits. 4. And
feeds. 5. So roots alfo. 6. Woods are to be taken from trees where they are welt
grown, 7. Barks, where their plants are beft. 8. Juices are to be taken from the
belt herbs, chiefly the well grown and greater, as being lefs excrementitious, and
that before they grow woody and rotten. g. Liquors and gums, &c. are to be
taken from mature ftalks, which are the beft in their kind, as the reft. 2. The
chronology or time. Thus, 1. Herbs are to be gathered in the time of their fou-
rifhing, and beginning to go. to feed; which is for the moft part in July, if they
- are to be kept, and that at noon ina clear day, being fome confiderable time or
certain days before; freed from fhowers and not too dewy, or fcorched by too
much heat of the fun, which is chicfly in the fpring or beginning of fummer. But
thofe which grow green all the year in gardens, may be gathered at any time; and ~
thofe that have neither ftalk, flower, nor feed, as maiden hair, fpleenwort, &c. are
to be gathered in the vigour of their leaves, i.e. when they are mot green and
Sreateft ; yet fome, becaufe while they flower or bear feed they are woedy and dry,
are to be gathered before that time, as fuccory, beet, &c. 2. Flowers, in the vi-
gour of their maturity, when opened (except the rofe) at noon in fair weather, after. |
the fun hath taken off the dew, and before they wither or fall off, which for the.
moft part is in fpring. 3. Fruits, when they are ripe, and. before. they wither.
4. Seeds, out of fruits thorough ripe, when they begin to be dry, and before they
fall off ; and out of plants when dry and are no longer green, as in the fummer,
i. e. June or July. 5. The juice of plants is to be preffed out whilft they are green,
and their leaves yet tender, and efpecially out of the well grown and Byatt 6. he:
= of ee are to be taken - the fruits are roo s wher 4

»herbs tho : of trees when they are int thieeigour
3 er on. 8. Liquors and sums, fete are taken by,

when the fruit is fal nr « leaves sieshegatiieatenens at
part is. in auttresty and reo be cae up in fair weather; which is ‘he
No. 3. : I

26 CULPEPER's ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

ways to i obferved : as alfo (according to fome) the decreafing of the moon, the
day of decreafing, and ‘the mdrning, that time being balfamiical : as alfo the fore
titude of the planet, familiar to the thing to be gathered, and the fign of the zo-
diac, 3. The ‘dropology, or “manner of gathering them; 2s fone Amiri, fome
plants having diverfe faculties, according to the diverfe manner of gathering thet
as upwards or downwards ; f heleBore, the Teaves drawing the humors ‘epwards or
downwards accordingly: fo the root of elderalfo, and the buds, which being ga-
_ thered upwards, caufé vomiting, and purge if downwards: allo fome obferve, ‘the
fite of the regent planets, as whether they are oriental or occidental, &c. 4. The
parafceuology, or manner of preparing them for affervation, Thus, 1. Flowers,
are kept for the molt part feparated from the ftalks and leaves. 2. Herbs or leaves,
if they are greater, and having more thick flalks, they are kept apart from them ;
but if more flender, they are kept together, and fometimes with the flowers.
3. Fruits, as apples, 8c. are to be placed with their ftalks downwards, and lait
Jonger if laid on'a heap of barley. 4. Roots, fome are kept whole, as thofe of
birthwort, gentian, hermodattils, fatyrion, &c. others are diffe&ted, as thofe of
briony, elecampane, flower de luce, &c. alfo forme have the woody matter taken
away, as thofe of fennel, ftone parfley, &c. 5, The Phylacology, or way and
place of keeping them ; which in general ought to be pure, convenient, high, diy,
open, of a north or fouth fituation, whete they may not be burnt by the fun, or
“‘moiftened’ by the walls, 8c: more Particularly: as 1. Flowers, are to be dried in
the fhade, and then they (efpecially thofe of good odour) are to be kept in teile
cafkets. 2, Herbs, are to be dried in the fhadow, except thofe that have thicker
ftalks, and moifter leaves, and fo fubje to putrefaction, which muft therefore be
dried by the more intenfe heat of the fun, or fome other way ; and when they are
well dried, they are.to be kept in linen bags, or, which is better, in wooden caf-
Kets, that they may be defended from daft. 9. Seeds, are to be kept in a dry:
Place, and ina wooden or glazed veffel, being, wrapped up in papers, that they may

laft the longer, and without impurity. 4. Fraits, in boxes, panniers, or feuttles,’
i: Gums and dry rofins, in a dry pléce, and in wooden veffels, but the more liquid

ee

- Barks, in wooden coffers, anda dry place. 7, Roots, in'a dry air,

the time of keep-
liverfe, according to the
© coeaee

AND COMPLETE HERBAL " 27
difipation.’ ‘In patticular; 1. ¥ egttables: as 1. Flowers may be kept fo long as
they retain their’ colour, finell, and tafte, which for the moft part is half'a year;
therefore they are to be changed every year. Note alfo, they are belt when fretheft:
2. Herbs may be kept longer, yet it is better to change them yearly. 3. Seeds, by
how much they are more hot, fharp, and aromatical, by fo much alfo are they more
durable, therefore may be kept two or three years; but thofe that are lefftr and
colder muft be changed every year, and miuft be kept carefully, lealt they grow
mouldy. 4. Fruits mutt be changed every year; but the exotic, that have a harder
bark or fhell, &c. may be kept two or three years. 5. Gums and rofins are more
durable. 6. Barks laft a year ormore. 7. Roots, if they are little, flender, and thin,
they are changed every year; as thofe of affarabecca, fpetage, &c. but the greater,
and having a grofs fub{tance, laft two or three years} as thof of birthwort, briony,

gensian, rhubarb, and hellebore, &c.

eee for. we bes confidered the faabies of medicinals ; ‘now follow thofe of
aliments, which are fuch vegetables, &c. that nourifh : and inéreale @ the bodily fub-
- ftance, by reftoring that which is deperdite, the body being i in a perpetual decay, ahd
therefore wanting refeétion by meat and drink : and this, if it do not greatly affect
the body by any other quality, is properly and fimply called aliment, and is in
fome meafure like unto the fubftance of the body, into which it is to be converted ;
but.if it change the body by any exuperant quality, it is not fimply aliment, ‘burt;
medicamentous: fuch are thofe things which with fweetnefs. have adjoined ; an acid,
acerb, bitter, or fharp quality; and from hence arifeth the difference of aliments :
which, 1. in refpect: of fubftance are hard and foft; heavy, vifcid, or light; firm o
infirm; eafily or hardly concoéted or corrupted. 2. In refpeét of quality, they are
hot, cold, moift, or dry ; fweet or bitter ; four, falt, fharp, acid, acerb, or aufterey
of good or bad juice; fimple or medicamentous ; wholefome or unwholefome ; beft
or wortt ; of which fome are, 1. Euchymic, or of good juice, fweet in tafte, plea.
fant to the pallate, and. not of any unpleafant fmell: as. alfo fat things, and fome
which are infipid, as bread of the beft wheat, &e. 2 Cacochymic, or of evil juice,
which befides {weetnefs, _ have fome other ity | mixed therewith, as_fharpnefs,
ditternefs, faltnefs, acerbity, and two. much aci ity : -alfo all fetid things, of an un-
lea ane fe inet and soemaesd as the oleraceous, (efpecially the wild) except let-

eand | » cucumber corn, things growing in reaps §

28 C UL PEPER 5 1 E NGLISH PHYSICIAN,

lic, -enions, leeks, wake robin, creffes, muftard, &c. 3. And fome a melancholic,
as pulfes, efpecially lentils, and cabbage. 3. Of grofs nourifhmen’, as thofe things
which have a flrong and hard fubftance, as bread baked under afhes, and whatfo-
ever is made of meal without leaven; chefnuts, acorns, frogftools, thick, fweet,
and black wine and ale; alfo whatfoever is vifcid and glutinous, and are to be
thunned by all that live at eafe, and ufe no exercife before meat; but thofe are
the beft for diet that are in a mean between incraffating and attenuating. 4. Of thin
juice, as things which are not tough or vifcid, and have noc a ftrong fubftance, but
thin and friable, efpecially if joined with acrimony ; as garlic, onions, lecks, hyMfop,
organy, favory, bread of wheat well fermented, and twice baked, bitter almonds,
peaches, and thin white wines: thefe alfo open the pafia.es, cleans away what is
vilcious, incide and extenuate what ts grofs ; but are to be fhunned by thofe who
e of a chojeric temperature ; the long ufe of them caufing bilious and ferous ex-
crements, yet ate agreeable to thofe whofe body and veins are full of a crude, pitui-
tous and melancholic juice. Here note, an attenuating diet differeth from a flender
one, the laft prefixing a mode in the quantity, and the other being fo called by rea-
fon of the tenuity of the alimentary juice. 5. Eupeptic, or of eafy concoction, as —
things which have not a folid or firm fubftance, but either rare or eafily refoluble,
concocted or corrupted, as moft fruits and things oleraceous; but thefe, as they
are quickly and eafily concoéted, fo alfo are they eafily altered and corrupted: for
if taken into a ftemach whofe heat is fharp, biting, and febriculous, or into which
fome bilious humour doth flow, they. are not turned into aliment, but fome evil
humour, but thofe things that are not eafi ly conco¢ted, are alfo neither altered nor
corrupted. - 6. Difpeptic, or of hard concoétion, as all things of a folid fubftance
and thick juice; as unleavened bread, cabbage, dates, chefnuts, unripe fervices,
acorns, and acid wines. Thefe, if taken into a hot ftomach, they are feoner con-
cote { than if into a mean: and in a weak and cold oe ee are either ncioged
not all, or very lowly. oe brcye cperiihe os ask

bets

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. ra

bread made of good wheat and well baked, and old wine, 3. Eafily defcending,
acid, falt, infipid, or excrementitious; as things full of humidity, participating of
a certain acrimony or faltnefs without acerbity ; or are infipid, as mallows, orach,

inercury, marigolds, &c. and things full of excrements, as brown bread, and what-

foever is full of bran and broths. 4. Slowly, as things dry and binding, having

little humidity ;- as dry meats, fine bread, things having a little aftri@ion 3; aS pears,

fervices, black wines, or red, but fooner the auftere. Thus of the definition of phy-

tology and its parts. 1. Therapeutic, or Curatory. 2. Threptic, or alimentary; in.
both which vegetables are confidered ; 1. according to their fubftance, as of thick

or thin fubftance or confiftence, loofe or clofe, glutinous or crumbling heavy or
light. 2. According to their accidents; and 1. as medicamentary, 1. according to -
the more immediate accidents, 1. The qualities ; as the firft, hear, coldnefs, moif-
ture, and drynefs, with their degrees, fenfible; manifeft, vehement, or moft violent,
The fecond, molifying, hardening, rarefying, condenfing, opening, binding, draw-
ing, repelling, cleanfing purging, attenuating, clamming, obftructing, eafing pain,
ftupifying, redening, putrifying and burning. The third, {uppurating, incarning,
conglutinating, cicatrizing, generating callus, provoking urine, breaking the ftone,
provoking the terms, expectorating and generating milk and fperm, caufing fweat,
ineezing, beauty, killing worms and phiegmatizing. The fourth, occult, refifting
poifon, ipecific, and purging. 2. The way of finding out thefe qualities: 1. The
manifeft, 1. by reafon, as by the fmell, colour; as white, black, green, and yel-
low, &c. Taftes; as bitter, fharp, acid, nitrous, falt, {weet, acerb, auftere, |
oleous, aquinfipid or waterifh, earthy, woodifh, and corn-like. Touch; as thick,
thin, clofe, hollow, hard, foft, heavy, light, clamming, dry, rough, {mooth ; muta-
bility, age, places, and operation of the four firft gualities. 2. By experience, con-
fidering quid, in quo, quemedo. 2. Theoccult. 1. By fignature. 1, External, in co-
Jour, form, property. 2. Internal, as appropriated, 1. To the planets, as to the
Sun, Moon, Saturn, Jupiter, Mars, Venus, Mercury. 2. To the figns, as to Aries,
Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricorn,
Aquaries,. and Pifces. 2. By experience, according to the more remote accidents,
as the place of gathering them, the time and manner, the way of preparing them —
for keeping, and place thereof ; their duration, difcrimination, place in receipts,
with their compofitions and way of making them; their dofes, as ingredients and
_ compounded ; their ufe, and feafon and manner of ufing them, &c. II. Asalimen-

tary, and fo as of good or bad juice, of thick or thin juice, of eafy or hard concoc- | 2 :
. tion, windy, or without wind, eafily or flowly defcending, &c, ae

No. 2. —— " &

30 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN, —

Now follow the differencies of vegetables, and, in general. I. External. +. OF
Trees, which are, 1. rhodoflory, or rofe flowered, as the rofe, holy rofe, and ciftus.
ledon, &c. 2, Pomiferous, or apple bearing ; as the apple tree, quince tree, citron

‘ce, Orange tree, pomegranate tree, pear tree, fig tree, fycamore tree, mulberry tree,
{trawberry tree, medlar tree, fervice tree, peach tree, apricot tree, plumb tree, my-
robalan tree, febeften tree, jujube tree, cornet tree, nettle tree, cherry tree, pock wood
tree, and eben tree. 3. Nuciferous, or nut-bearing, asthe almond tree, walnut
tree, filbert tree, nut tree, chefnut tree, philftick tree, oilyacorn tree, ftorax tree,
and exotic nut trees, 4, Daétyliferous, as the palm tree, bearing dates. 5. Glandi-
ferous, or maft-bearing ; as the beech tree, oak tree, cork-oak tree, arabian bind-
weed and oak tree, mifletoe, gall tree, and uva quercina. 6. Bacciferous, or berry-
bearing ; as the faunder tree, maftic tree, frankincenfe tree, turpentine tree, balfam
tree, fumach tree, fcarlet oak tree, ath tree, holly tree, line tree, wayfaring tree,
oltrys, cotton tree, maple tree, plain tree, ague tree, great {purget tree, barberry -
tree, gooteberry tree, elder tree, laurel, bay tree, mezereon tree, mountain widdow-
wail, rockrofe, myrtle tree, butcher’s broom, cloudberry tree, boxtree, olive tree,
chafte tree, privet, mock privet, buckthorn, boxthorn, bramble, caper tree, favin,
cedar tree, cyprefg tree, juniper tree, yew tree, dragon tree, fperage. 7. Aromati-
fer tna tee! {pice-bearing, as the nutmeg and mace tree, puddingpipe tree, cinnamon
tree, indian leaf, clove tree, Pepper tree, cubeb tree, cloveberry tree, cardamom trey
and alloe tree. 8. Coniferous, or cone-bearing, like pine apples ; as the caniferous
cedar, » pine tree, larch tree, pitch tr €e, and fir tree, 9. Juliferous, or wool-bearing,
<7 willow tree, alder tree, elm tree, and poplar tree. 10. Siliquate, or coddid;
as the fhrub tree foil, bean tree foil, Egyptian thorn, rofewood tree, broom, furze,

baftard fenna, fenna, fpindle tree, and rofebay. 11 Scopary, as the tamarife tree, and
heath, &c. 12. Succiferous, or juice-yielding ; as the
Acacia, manna tree, or afh, camandra tree,
ferous, or gum. bearing 3 as the gum a

ammoniac tree, metopion, -

or indian great fpurge tree. 13. Gummi-

rabic tree, or Egyptian thorn, forcocol tree,

ragon tree, camphi juniper.

tree, plumb tree, goat’s thorn, sips. a ae petal 3
or rofin-yielding ; as the turpentine tree, larch
myrrh tree, ftorax tree, liquid amber tree,

_ ivy tree, caucomum tree, lacca tree, d

14 Refiniferous,
tree, maftick tree, frankincenfe tree,
‘©F acofoti, bdellium tree, benjamin tree,
y tree; or fir tree, and pitch tree.

Sag roots, and fo they are, 1. Bulbous,

: . oa 3 | wer de luce, wallflowers, faffron, meadow faffron,
onions, leeks, fquills, garlic, moly, dog ftones, and fatyrion, &c. 2, N ot bulbous,
| as

P

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 3

as moft other plants. II. The leaves, and fo they are, 1. Longicautifolious, or long
ftalk leaved: as grafs, rufhes, nard, galingal, horfetail, reed, paper reed, ftinking
gladdon, flower de luce, aromatical reed, ginger, zedoary, and coftus, &c. 2. Craf-
fifolious, or thick leaved , as houfleek, venus’s navelwort, aloes, roferoot, orpin,
purflain, famphire, and glafswort. 3. Hirtifolious, or rough leaved; as borage,
gromel, hound’s tongue, and mullien. 4. Nervifolious, or nerve leaved ; as gen-
tian, plantane, fleawort, biftort, pondweed, water lillies, wake robin, and helle-
bore, &c. 5. Rotundifolious, or round leaved ; as birthwort, colt’s foot, butter-
burr, bur, and afarum. 6. Mollifolious, or foft leaved ; as marfhmallows, mercury,
and rhubarb, &c. 7. Trifolious, and pentaphils, &c. 8. Capillary, or hair-like ;
as hart’s tongue, moonfern, fpleenwort, moonwort, maiden hair, fundew, fern, and
polypody, &c. 9. Spinofe, or prickly ; as thiftles, teafels, fea holly, gum thiftle,
and goat’s thorn, &c. II. The flowers, and fo.they are, 1. verticillate and galeate,
or turned and helmet like ; as mints, calamint, organy, penny royal, hyffop, thyme,
Arabian fticadove, lavender, fpike, ground pine, oak of Jeruf. fage, nettles, be-
tony, eyebright, figwort, felf heal, hedge hyffop, and dittany, &c. 2. Stellate, or
ftar-like ; as madder, lady’s bed{traw, crofiwort, and rue. 3. Calcariflorous, or
fpur flowered ; as columbine, larkfpur, toad flax, &c. 4. Umbelliferous, or boffed ;
ascummin, fennel, dill, pellitory of Spain, fennel giant, fcorching fennel, turbith,
fow fennel, bee’s neft, chervil, parfley, angelica, mafterwort, laferwort, allheal, car-
raways, coriander, annifeed, burnet, cicely, hemlock, and dropwort. 5. Corim-
boide, ring or hook-like; as elecampane, pellitory of Spain, mugwort, fneefewort,
and wormwood. 6. Capitate, or headed; as fcabious, knapweed, blue bottle, vi-
per’s grafs, marigold, devil’s bite, and thiftles, 8c. IV. The fruits, and fo they
are; 1. Pomiferous, or apple-bearing ; as mandrakes, cucumbers, mellons, pom-
pions, citruls, gourds, and wild cucumbers, &c. 2. Capfulferous, or coffer-bear-
ing ; as garden creffes, fhepherd’s pouch, fcurvy grafs, and horfe radifh, &c. 3. Vaf-
culiferous, or veflel-bearing ; as centaury the lefs, moufear, flax, St. John’s wort,
pimpernel, moneywort, rupturewort, and poppy, &c. Siliquate, or codded ; as the
leguminofe, and oleraceous, honeyfuckle, bird’s foot, milkwort, cock’s head, goat’s
rue, liquorice, fumitory, celandine, columbine, and nigella, V. The place, and
fo they are, garden, wild, fielden, mountain, mea OW, OF aquatic ; as mofs, duck’s
meat, tree lungwort, fea nettle, wrack, arfmart iiternd. &c. VI. The manner
of growing, and fo they are, ¢ convolvulous, or climbing ; as the pomiferousand
rs | i a bindweed, farfaparilla, china, briony, mechoacan, hops, P
refles, birthwort, fowbread, parnaffus grafs, : ie
= or sasce Fielding’? ; as the ladtiferous, ec )
and

faxiftage, rey VIL S ; ; : i , oe,

232 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

and chamefyce; 8c. Galbaniferous and fagapeniferous, fénnel giant, apopanax
plant, Or Hercules’s atheal, black poppy yeilding opium, aloes, {cammony, wild
“cucumber yielding elaterium, euphorbium or gum thiftle, liquorice, fugar reed.
VIII. As gummiferous, or gum- bearing ; as laferwort bearing afafeetida.

II. Internal, in refpect of their wfe and virtues, or as alimentary, and medicinal.
4. OF their ufe, or as dietetical; and fo they are, 1. Frumentary, ferving as bread
corn; wheat, rye, fpelt corn, barley, oats, rice, Turkey corn, millet, panic, burnt

corn, and phalaris. 2. Leguminary, ferving as pulfe; as beans, peafe, lentils,
ciches, cichling, vetches, bitter vetches, lupines, kidney bean, winged wild peale,
and fenigreek, 3. Oleraceous, ferving as pot herbs, fallads, 8c. and are 1. Roots,
as onions, garlic, leeks, radifh, wild radifh, turnips, navew, parfhips, carrots, red
beets. 2. Leaves, as of lettuce, fuccory, cabbages, fpinage, orach, beets, afparagus,
crefies, muftard feed, blites, hops, and ftone parfley. 3. Fruits, as artichokes,
gourds, cucumbers, mellons, ftrawberries, capers; and thofe of trees, as apples,
quinces, oranges, lemons, pears, medlars, figs, peaches, apricots, plumbs, cherries,
mulberries, grapes, olives, almonds, chefnuts, walnuts, filberts, and fungs. 4. Con-
dimentary, ferving as fauce ; as pepper, ginger, cloves, cinnamon, cardamoms,
nutmegs, mace, faffron, elder, capers, crefles, onions, garlic, &c. Sugar, oil, and
vinegar, &c. The qualities of which, fee in my Iagoge Zoologicemineralogica,’
they being there mentioned for fauces. 2. Of their virtues, or as pharmaceutical,
in refpect of their feveral parts and qualities, firft, fecond, third, anc fourth.

<= Roots ; are, I. temperate, as bear’s breech, eringo, garden parfnips, jallop,
mallows, mechoacan, afparagus, cinquefoil, lady’s thiftle, and tormentil. 2, Hor,
and fo, in the firlt degree ; as bafil, burdocks, borrage, buglofs, avens, aromatical
reed, china, dog’s grafs, liquorice, knee holly, mallows, marfhmallows, pilewort,
piony, poppy, fparling, parfley, wild parfnips, felf heal, fatyrion, fkirrets, fcorzo-
_ hera, valerian great and {mall, and white lillies. In the fecond, as afphodil male
| carline thiftle, cyprefs long and round, butterburr, devil’ :
_ fennel, mercury, reeds, fwallowwort, fpignel, farfaparilla, fquills, waterflag, and
a:doary. In the third, as angelica, avon, affarabecca, elecampane, birthwort, long
and round, briony white and black, celandine, doronicum, ‘filipendula, ginger,
og be. sladdon,. Galingal greater and leffer, hellebore white and black, mafter-
we Englifh and Florentine, reftharrow, fowbread, fnakeroot, virginian, tur-
it FUNOEHG, and, white dittany. In the fourth, as Sarlic, leeks, onions, and pel-
Ktory of Spain, 3. Cold, and fo, in the firft degree, as beets white and red, com-

frey

s bit, hog’s fennel, lovage,

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 29

frey great, madder, plantane, roferoot, and forrel, In the fecond, as aleanet, daifies,
endive, hyacinth, hound’s tongue, and fuccory. In the third, as biftore and man-
drakes. Inthe fourth, as henbane. 4. Dry, and fo, in the firtt degree, as aroma-
tical reed, bear’s breech, burdock, red beets, endive, eringo, hyacinth, knee holly,
madder, pilewort, and felf heal. In the fecond, as alkaner, male afphodil, avens,
bafil, butterbur, cypreis long and round, devii’s bit, fennel, hound’s tongue, lady's
thiltle, lovage, marfhmaliows, mercury, reeds, paffley, plantane, fmallage, forrel,
fwallowwort, {patling poppy, fuccory, {pignel, thiftles, valerian, waterflag, and ze-
doary. Inthe third, as angelica, aron, aiarabecca, elecampane, birthwort, long and
round, biitort, white and black briory, carline thiftle, china, cinquefoil, white dit-
tany, doronicum, filipendula, greater and leffer galingal, ftinking gladdon, ginger,
white and black’ hellebore, hog’s fennel, mafterwort, orris Englifh and Florentine,
peony male and female, reftharrow, fowbread, celandine, farfaparilla, and virginian.
fnakeroot. In the fourth, as coftus, garlic, onions, leeks, and pellitory of Spain.
5. Moift, fuch are bafil, white beets, borrage, buglofs, dog’s grafs, daifies,. liquorice,
-mallows, parfnips, fpatling poppy, fatyrion, feorzonera, fkirrets, valerian, 23 As for
the fecond qualities, they are, 1. mollifying, as mallows, white lillies, and marfhmal-
lows. 2. Ovening, as afarabecca, brufcus, carline thiftle, endive, filipendula, fennel,
garlic, gentian, leeks, onions, parfley, rhapontic, fuccory, afparagus, fmallage, tur-
meric. 3. Binding, as alkanet, biftort, bear’s breech, cyprefs, cinquefoil, tormentil,.
toothwort, and waterflag. 4 Cleanfing,. as aron, afphodil, birthwort, grafs, afpara-
gus, and celandine, 5. Extenuating, as capers, and orris Englifh and Florentine.
6. Anodyne, as eringo, orris, sel isastiae and waterflag. 7. Helping burnings, as:
afphodil, hyacinths, white lilies. 8. Burning, as garlick, onions, and pellitory of
Spain. g. Difcuffing, as afphodil, birthwort, briony, and capers. 10. Expelling
wind, as boftus, galingal, fennel, hog’s fennel, parfley, fmallage, fpikenard Indian
and celtic, waterflag, and zedoary. 3. As for the third qualities, they are, 1. Sup-

purating, as briony, marfhmallows, and white lillies. 2. Glutinating, as birthwort,

comfrey, daifies, gentian, and Solomon’s feal. 3. Spermatogenetic, as eringo, galin-
‘gal, fatyrion, and waterflag. 4. Emmenonagogic, as afarabecca, aron,, afphodil,

birthwort, centaury the lefs, long and round cyprefs, coftus, capers, calamus ar ma -
‘ticus, carrots, white dittany, and of Creet, eringo, fennel, garlick, grafs, knee holly,
‘peony, valerian, waterflag, parfley, fmallage. 5. Stopping the terms, as biftort,.

‘comfrey, tormentil, 6, Hydrotic, as carline thiflle, china, and farfaparilla. 4: As te

for the fourth qualities, they are, 1. Alexipharmic, as angelica, long birtl

biftort, buglofs, coftus, cyprefs, carline thiftle, doronicum, elecampane, ge

gentian, fwallowwort, fmallage, tormentil, viper’s buglofs, and oes es
IMA? iL

# jj. CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

tics, as 1. Purgers of choler, as afarabecca, ferne, rhubard, rhapontic. 2. Of me-
lancholy, as white and black helebore, and polypody. 3. Of phlegm and water, as
afphodil male, white and black briony, wild cucumbers, elder, hermodaétils, jallop
mechoacan, fquills, fowbread, fpurge great and {mall, and turbith. 3. Appropri-
ate, and fo, 1. They heat; 1. the head, as doronicum, fennel, jallop, mechoacan,
‘peony male and female, and Celtic and Indian fpikenard. 2. The neck and throat,
as devil’s bit, and pilewort. 3. Breaft and lungs, as birthwort long and round,
calamus aromaticus, cinquefoil, elecampane, liquorice, orris Englifh and Florentine,
and {quills. 4. The heart, as angelica, borrage, buglofs, butterbur, bafil, carline
thiftle, doronicum, fcorzonera, tormentil, valerian white and red, and zedoary.
5. The ftomach, as avens, fennel, galingal greater or leffer, ginzer, radifh, and fpike-
nard Celtic and Indian, andelecampane. 6. The bowels, as ginger, valerian great
and fmall, and zedoary. 7. The liver, as carline thiftle, china, dog’s gra(s, fennel,
gentian, knee holly, parfley, rhubarb, rhapontic, celandine, {mallage, cinquefoil,
afparagus, and turmeric. 8. The fpleen, as afh, birthwort round, carline chiftle,
apers, fern male and female, fennel, gentian, parfley, afparagus, and waterflag.
g. The reins and bladder, as bafil, burdock, carline thiftle, china, cyprefs long and
round, dropwort, knee holly, marfhmallows, parfley, fmallage, fperage, fpatling
poppy, fpikenard Celtic and Indian, faxifrage white, and valerian. 10. The womb,
as birthwort long and round, galingal greater and leffer, hog’s fennel, and peony
male and female. 11. The fundament, as pilewort. 12. The joints, as bear’s
breech, coftus, ginger, hermodactils, jallop, and mehoacan. 2, They cool, 1. the

head, as roferoot. 2. The ftomach, as biftort, endive, fuccory, and fowthiftles.
3. The liver, as endive, madder, and fuccory,

. Hl. Barxs, are 1. hot, and fo in the firft degree; as citrons, lemons, oranges,
-pockwood, and tamarifk. . In the fecond, as capers, Cinnamon common and winter,
fia lignea, and frankincenfe.. In the third, as mace. 2, Cold, and fo im the firft
Gegrec, as oak and pomegranates. In the third, as mandrakes, 2, As for the fourth
qualities, they ar 1. cathartic ; as 1. purgers of choler, as barberries. 2. Of phlegm,
and water, .as elder, dwarf elder, laurel and {purge. 2. Appropriate; and fo 1.
_ They heat, -4-the head, as winter’s cinnamon. 2. The heart, as cinnamon, caflia
hignea, cinnamon, citrons, lemons, mace, and walnuts. 3. The ftomach, as caffia
_4ignea, cinnamon, and walnuts. 5, The liver, as barberries, bays, and winter’s cin-
‘hamon. *6. The fpleen, as ath, bays, and capers. 7. The reigns and bladder, as
Days> And {allafras. 8. The womb, as caffialignea, and cinnamon, 2. They cool
the ftomach, as pomegranate peels, | |

= III. Woops,

~

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 35

III. Woops, are 1. Hot, as aloes, box, ebony, guaiacum, nephriticum, rhodium,
tofemary, faflafras, tamerifk. 2. Cold, as cyprefs, fanders, white, red, and yellow,
and willow. As for the fourth qualities, they are appropriate, 1. To the head, as
rofemary. 2. To the heart and ftomach, as of aloes. 3. The bowels and bladder,
as rhodium. 4. The liver, fpleen, reins, and bladder, as nephriticum. 5. The
breaft, ftomach, and bladder, as faffafras. 6. To the fpleen, as tamarifk, 7. The
heart and fpirits, as fanders.

IV. Leaves, are 1. Temperate, as bugle, cinquefoil, betony, flixweed, goat’s rue,
hart’s tongue, luellin, maiden hair, cammoca black and golden, Paul’s betony, tre-
foil, wall rue, and wood rofe. 2. Hot, and fo in the firft degree; as agrimony, avens,
borrage, buglofs, bafil, cleavers, ceterach, chervil, cammomile, cowflips, diftaf
thiftle, eyebright, marfhmallows, melilote, lady’s thiftle, and felf heal. In the fe-
cond, as alehoof, alexanders, archangel, betony, bay, broom, bawm, coftmary, cuc-
koo flowers, carduus benediétus, centaury leffer, chamzpytys, dell, double tongue,
devil’s bit, hoarhound, Indian leaf, lady’s mantle, maudlin, mugwort, marigold,
marjoram, mercury, oak of Jerufalem, pimpernel male and female, parfley, poley-
mountain, periwinkle, rofemary, fmallage, fcurvy grafs, fage, fanicle, fcabious, fénna,
foldanella, tanfy, tobacco, vervain, and wormwood, common and Roman. In the
third, as angelica, arfmart biting, brooklime, briony white and black, bank creffes,
calamint, clary, dwarf elder, doder of time, featherfew, fleabane, germander, glafs-
wort, herb maftic, lavender, lovage, mints, mother of time, nettles, organy, pile-
wort, pennyroyal, rue, fouthernwood male and female, celandine, fneefwort, favin,
favory fammer and winter, fpike, thyme, and water creffes. In the fourth ; as crow-
foot, dittander, garden creffts, leeks, rofa folis, fciatica, creffes, ftone crop, fpurge.
3. Cold, and fo in the firft degree ; ‘as arach, arfmart mild, burdock, burnet, colt’s
foot, hawkweed, mailows, pellitory of the wall, forrel, wood forrel, fhepherd’s purfe,
violets, yarrow. In the fecond; as buckthorn, chickweed, daifies, dandelion, duck’s
meat, endive, knotgrafs, lettuce, plantane, purflain, fumitory, fuccory, ftrawberry,
tanfy wild, willow. In the third; as nightfhade, and fengreen. In the fourth ; as
hemlcek, henbane, mandrakes, poppies. 4. Dry, and fo in the firft dregree ; as agri-
mony; arfmart mild, burdocks, Cleavers, chervil, camomile, cowllips, colt’ s foot,
double tongue, eyebright, flixweed, hawkweed, marfhmallows, melilote, periwinkle,

_ thepherd’s purfe, felf heal, and fenna. In the fecond, as betony, alehoof, alexanders, __
archangel, betony, bugle, buckfhorn, broom, birch, bay, burnet, coftmary, cuckoo ne

flowers, carduus benediétus, centaury leffer, cichory, dill, diftaff thiftle, dar
= bit, endive, featherfew, fumitory, Indian leaf, lady’s mantle, maudli

96 CULPEPER's ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

wort, marjoram, mercury, pimpernel, plantanes, parfley, rofernary, forrel, finallage, -
filver weed, ftrawberry, fage, fanicle, fcabious, foldaneila, fcurvy grails, tobacco,
vervain, wormwood common and Roman, wood forrel, and willow. In the third
as angellica, arfmart hot, brooklime, briony white and black, bank creffes, calamint,
chamepitys, cinquefoil, clary, dwarf elder, epithymum, fleabane, germander, glafs-
wort, hoarhound, herb maftic, herb of grace, lavender, lovage, mints, mother of
time, organy, pilewort, penny royal, poley mountain, fouthernwood male and fe-
male, celandine, fneezwort, favin, favory fummer and winter, filk tanfy, thyme, and

trefoil, Inthe fourth; as crowfoot, garden creffes, garlic, leeks, onions, rofa folis, >

fpurge, and wild rue. 5. Moift, and fo in the firft degree ; as borrage, buglofs,
bafil, mallows, marigolds, and pellitory of the wall. In the fourth, as arach, chick-
weed, daifies, duck’s meat, lettuce, purflain, fowthiftles, vielets, and water lillies.
2. As for the fecond qualities, they are, 1. Mollifying ; as arach, bay, beets, cyprefs,.
fleawort, mallows, marfhmallows, pellitory of the wall, and violets. 2. Hardening,
as duck’s meat, houfe leek, herbs cold nightfhade, purflain. 3. Opening, as endive,
garlic, mallows, marfhmallows, onions, pellitory of the wall, fuccory, and worm-
wood. 4. Binding, as amomum, agnus coftus, cyprefs, cinquefoil, comfrey, bawm,
fleawort, horfetail, ivy, knotgrafs, bay, melilote, myrtles, oak, plantane, purflain, —
fhepherd’s purfe, forrel, feagreen, and willow. 5. Drawing, as birthwort, dittany,
Garlic, leeks, onions, pimpernel, and all hot leaves. 6. Cleanfing, as arach, beets,
ceterach, chamepitys, dodder, hoarhound, liverwort, pinpernel, pellitory of the
wall, fouthern wood, afparagus, willow, and wormwood, 7, Extenuating, as ca-
momile, hyffop, juniper, mugwort, mother of thyme, pennyroyal, ftechas and time.
8, Anodyne, as arach, calamint, chamepitys, camomile, dill, henbane, hops, hog’s -
fennel, marjoram, mother of thyme, parfley, rofemary, rue, and.wormwood, 9. Dit
. cuffing, as arach, beets, camomile, chickweed, dill, maiden hair, marfhmallows, —
i melilote; marjoram, pellitory of the wall, rue, fouthernwood male and female,
techas 5 alfo” bawm, docks, cleavers, cinguefoil, mallows, fcordium, water
Expelling wind, as camomile, dill, epithymum, fennel, garlic, juniper,
ram, Organy, favory winter and fummer, fmallage, and wormwood. 3. As for
+ they-are, 1. Suppurating, as mallows, marfhmallows, and white |
eating, as agrimony, bugle, centaury, chamepitys, cinquefoil, com-
trey, germander, horfetail, knot grafs, mallows, marfhmallows, maudlin, pimpernel,
TORRES 2 tewbernies, {elf heal, tobacco, tormentil, wood chervil, and wound-
wort 3- Spermatogenic, as clary, rocket, and herbs hot, moift, and windy, 4. Em-
_Menonagogic, as bifhop’s weed, betony, broom, bafil, cabbages, centaury, camo-
mile, calamints, dodder, dittany, fennel, garlic, germander, hoarhound, hattwort,
ic St,

AND COMPLETE HERBAL; 37

St. John’s wort, maiden hair, marjoram, mugwort, nettles, organy, pimpernel, po-
ley mountain, parfley, rue, rofemary, fouthern wood, fage, fmallage, favin, fcordium,
thyme, mother of thyme, wormwood, and water crefies. 5. Stopping the terms; as
comfrey, houfe leek, knot graf, myrtles, plantane, fhepherd’s purfe, {trawberries,._
and water lillies. 4. As for the fourth qualities, they are, 1. Alexipharmic, as ali-.
fanders, betony, carduus benedictus, calamint, carline thiftle, agrimony, fennel,
garlic, germander, hoarhound, juniper, maiden hair, organy, pennyroyal, poley-
mountain, plantane, rue, fouthern wood, {mallage, {cordium, and wormwood. 2. Ca-
thartic, as 1. Purgers of choler, as centaury, groundfel, hops, mallows, peaches,
fenna, and wormwood. 2. Of melancholy, as dodder, epithymum, fumitory, oxeye,
and fenna. 3. Of phlegm and water, as danewort, briony, white and black elder,
hedge hyffop, laurel, mercury, mezeron, {purge, fenna, and {neezwort. 3. Appro-.
priate, and fo, 1. They heat, 1. The head, as betony, coftmary, carduus benedictus,
cowllips, eyebright, featherfew, goat’s rue, herb mattic, lavender, laurel, lovage,
maudlin, melilote, mother of thyme, pennyroyal, rofemary, celandine, fcurvy grafs,
fheezwort, fenna, fpike, thyme, vervain. 2. The throat, as archangel white and red,
and devil’s bit. 3. The breaft, as betony, bay, bawm, calamint, chamomile, diftaff
thiftle, fennel, germander, hyffop, hoarhound, Indian leaf, maiden hair, melilote,
nettle, oak of Jerufalem, organy, periwinkle, rue, fcabious, and thyme. 4. The
heart, as angelica, elecampane, borrage, buglofs, bay, bawm, balfil, carduus bene-
dictus, goat’s rue, rue, rofemary, fouthern wood male and female, fenna, and wood-
roof. 5. The ftomach, as avens, bay, bawm, broom, fennel, Indian leaf, mints,
mother of thyme, parfley, fage, {chenanth, fmallage, thyme, and wormwood common
and Roman. 6. The liver, as agrimony, alecoft, afh, bay, affarabecca, centaury
leffer, chamepitys, fennel, germander, fox gloves, hops, hoarhound, hyfMfop, lady’s
thiftles, maudlin, mother of thyme, pimpernel male and female, parfley, poley-
mountain, fmallage, celandine, famphire, fage, fcordium, fenna, foldanella, fpike-
nard, toad flax, and water crefles. 7. The bowels; as alehoof, alexanders, and ca-
momile, 8. The fpleen ; as agrimony, afh tree, bay, centaury leffer, ceterach,
chamepitys, epithymum, fox gloves, germander, hops, hoarhound, hart’s tongue,
maiden hair, mother of thyme, parfley, poleymountain, fmallage, famphire, fage,
fcordium, fenna, toad flax, tamarifk, water crefles, and wormwood. 9. The reins
and bladder ;, as agrimony, betony, brooklime, bay, broom, chervil, coftmary, ca-
momile, clary, germander, hops, maudlin, marfhmallows, melilote, mother of ©
thyme, nettles, organy, pimpernel male and female, pennyroyal, rupturewort, rocket,
famphire, fcenanth, faxifrage, fcordium, fpikenard, toad flax, vervain, and water- |
No. g.7 G2 8s" Sarina fPaie? Gye ian crefie

M crefles |

38 CULPEPER's ENGLISH PHYSICIAN
crefies. 10; The womb, as angelica, archangel, bafil, calamint, coftimary, dittany :
of Creet, devil’s bit, featherfew, fleabane, maudlin, mugwort, May weed, melilote,
mints, nettles, organy, pennyroyal, periwinkles, {chenanth, fage, favin, fcordium,
tanfey, thyme, and vervain. 11. The joints; as agrimony, arfmart hot, camomile,
coftmary, cowflips, garden creffes, St. John’s wort, melilote, rofemary, rue, fciatica
crefles, fage, ftechas,\ and water ctefles:' 2: They cool, “1. The head; as furnitory,
houfe leek, lettuce, plantane, ftrawberry, ‘tenfels, violtts, water lilly, willow, and
wood forrel. 2. The throat; as bramble, orpine, privet, and ftrawberries. 3. The
breaft ; as bramble, colt’s foot, moneywort, orpine, plantane, poppy, mulberry,
forrel, ftrawberry, violet, and wood forrel. 4. The heart; as burnet, viper’s buglofs,
lettuce, forrel, ftrawberry, violet, watér lilly, and wood forrel. 5. The ftomach, as
dandelion, endive, hawkweed, lettuce, orpine, purflain, forrel, fuccory, ftraw! berry,
fowthiftles, and violet. 6. The liver, as dandelion, endive, fumitory, lettuce, liver-
wort, nightfhade, purflain, forrel, ftrawberry, fuccory, water lilly, and wood forrel.
7. The bowels; as ‘buckthorn, burnet, fumitory, mallows, orpine, and plantane.
8, The fpleen ; 3 as endive, fumitory, lettuce, and fuccory. g. The reins and blad-
der; as houfe leek, knot grafs, lettuce, mallows, moneywort, plantane, purflain,
water lilly, and yarrow. 10. The ‘womb; as arach, burdocks, endive, fillies,
myrtles, moneywort, purflain, fengreen, fuccory, fow thiftles, water lilly, and

wild tanfy. 11. The. joints 5 as peakane houfe leck, lettuce, nightfhade, vine, and
willow ees .

fitwee

a 8 by LOWERS 3 3». BE 1. Hoe and fo i in pe firft degree as Becom. borrage, buglofs,
camomile, melilote, oxeye, and ftechas. In the fecond, as amomus, bawm, clove
gilliflowersy | hops, . jeflamin, lavender, rocket, faffron, {pikenard, {chenanth, and.
rofemary, In the third, as agnus caftus, epithymum, honey, fuckles, wall flowers,
or winter gilliflowers. _ 2. Cold, and fo, in the firft degree; ; as mallows, red, white,
and. damatk rofes, and violets. In the. fecond, as anemony, endive, fuccory, and
water lillies, : white and yellow. In the third, as balauftines, | In the fourth, as hen-
bane, and poppies. 3. Moift, and fo in the firft degree ; as borrage, mete en-
os mallows, and gay dn the fecond, as s violets, or water lillies.

‘t pete fecond qualities, they. are, sf

. ADI pet as mailows,
‘afton, atl white lillies, 2, Binding, as agnus caftus, balauftins, bawm, clove gili-

flowers,

AND COMPLETE,/HERBAL,,».. gg

flowers, melilote, endive, faffron, fuccory,. anc red rofes...3. Cleanfing, as heans,
damafk rofes, and elders. 4. Extenuating, as. camomile,: flower de luce, melilote,
and ftechas. 5. Anodyne, as camomileg centaury, dill, melilote, and rofemary..
6. Helping burnings, as mallows, marfhmallows, and white lillies. ¥, Difcuffing, as
camomile, dill, mallows, marfhmallows, melilote, and ftechas, &c.. 8. Expelling
wind, as camomile, dill, {chenanth, and fpikenard, . As for the third qualities, they,
are, 1. Suppurating, as faffron and white lillies. 2. Glutinating, as centaury and
balauftins, 3. Emmenonagogic, as betony, camomile, centaury, bawm, rofemary,
peony, fage, fchenanth, and wallflowers, 4. Stopping the terms, as balauftins and
water lillies. 4. As for the fourth qualities, they are, 1. Alexipharimic, as betony ;
and centaury, 2. Cathartic, as 1. Purgers of choler, as damafk rofes, peaches,
and violets. 2. Of phlegm, as broom, and elder. 3. Appropriate, and fo, 1. They
heat, 1, the head, as betony, camomile, cowflips, lavender, melilote, peony, rofe-
mary, fage, felf heal, and ftechas. 2. The breaft, as betony, bawm, fcabious, and
fchenanth, 3. The heart, as bawm, borrage, buglofs, rofemary, faffron, and fpike-
nard. 4. The liver, as camomile, centaury, betony, elder, fchenanth, and fpike-
nard. 6. The fpleen, as betony, and wall flowers. LA The reins and bladder, | as
betony, marihmallows, melilote, fchenanth, and fpikenard. 8, The womb, as be-
tony, flower de luce, fage, and fchenanth, 9. The joints, as “camomile, cowflips,
melilote, and rofemary. 2. They cool, 1. the head, as poppies, rofes, violets,
and water lillies. 2. The breaft and heart, as rofes, violets, and water lillies. 3. The
fiomach, as rofes, and violets.. 4, The liver and fpleen, as endive, and wear
3. They moiften the heart, as borage, buglofs, and violets. An + They, q, it, as
bawm, betoay, and rofemary flowers.

de

VL. Fra RUITS: a. I. temperate, ; as, currants, Psa figs, pinenotsy sale pe a
helicnn, 2. Hot,, and.fo in the firft degree 5 as fweet: almonds, cyprefs:nuts, hafel
nuts, jujubes, and igreen walnuts. In the fecond, as bennuts, capers, fiftic nuts,

hafel nuts dry, nutmegs, and dry walnuts. In the third, as. _anacardium, bitter

almonds, carpobalfamum, cloves, cubebs, and juniper berries. In the fourth, as
pepper,,.ginny pepper, and the reft. 3.-Cold, and fo in the firft, degree; as citrons,
pears, prunes, and quinces. In the fecond, as apples, cucumbers, galls, gourds,
lemons, mellons, oranges, pompions, pomegranates, Peaches, and prunes. In the
third, as mandrakes. [nthe fourth, as ftramonium, 4. Moift, and fo in the firft
degree ;.-as:citrons, lemons, oranges. ianer rind. In_ the fecond, as gourds, miel-
Jon Reach and pranes,._ Bes Dry, and fo i in the, Grit degree; as Juniper berries, =)
eo aa

i ‘
s

40 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

In the fecond, as bay berries,’bennuts, capers, fiftic nuts, nutmegs, pears, Pind
aad quinces. ‘In the third, as cloves, and galls. In the fourth, as all bei
2. As for the fecond qualities, they are, 1. Binding, as barberries, chefnucs, cherries,
cornels, fervices, acorns and their ‘cups, galls, medlars, myrtle berries, itis
olives, pears, peaches, and pomegranates. 2. Extenuating, as {weet and bitter
almonds, bay ‘berries, and juniper berries, 3. Anodyne, as bay berries, figs, ivy’
‘berries, juniper berries, currants, all peppers, raifins, and walnuts. 4. D icuflivesy
as capers, and all peppers. 5. Expelling wind, as bay berries, juniper berrics, nut-
-megs, and all peppers. 3. As for the third qualities, they are, 1. Glutinating, 28
acorns, acorn cups, currants, dates, and raifins. 2. Spermatogenecic, as {weet
almonds, figs, pine nuts, and raifins of the fun. 3. mmenonagogic, as Capeny
and ivy berries. 4. Stopping the terms, as barberries. 5. Diuretic, as winter’ —
cherries. 4. As for the fourth qualities, they are, 1. Alexipharmic, as bay berries,
citrons, juniper berries, pepper, pomecitrons, and walnuts. 2. Cathartic, as, 1. Pur-
gers of choler, as caffia fiftula, citrine myrobolans, prunes, raifins, and tamarinds,
Zi ‘Of melancholy, as Indian myrobolans. 3. Of phlegm, as colocynthis, wild cu-
umbers, and myrobolans. 3. Appropriate, and fo, 1. They heat, 1. The head,
as anacardia, cubebs, and nutmegs. 2. The breaft, as almonds bitter, cubebs,
dates, figs, hafel nuts, jujubs, raifins‘of the fun, and pine nuts. 3. The heart, as
juniper berries, ‘nutmegs, and walnuts, 4. The ftomach, as almonds fweet, ben,
Cloves, juniper berries, nutmegs, olives, and pine nuts. 5. The {pleen, as capers.
6. The reins and bladder, as almonds bitter, cubebs, juniper berries, raifins of the
fun, and pine nuts. 7. The womb, .as juniper berries, bay berries, nutmegs,
and walnuts. 2. They cool, 1. The breaft, as oranges, lemons, prunes, and fe-
beftens. 2. The heart, .as Citrons, lemons, oranges, pears, pomegranates, and
_ quinces. 3- The ftomach, as apples, citrons, cucumbers, cherries, cornels,
currants, fervices, goofeberries, gourds, lemons, medlars, mufk melons, oranges,
‘Pears, pompions, and quinces. 4. The liver, as barberries, and coolers of the fto-

degree ; as coriander, fenugreek, gro-
fecond, as bafil, dill, nettles, orobus, rocket,

Tt, navew, nigella, and ftaves acre. In
reffes, 2. Cold, and fo in the firft degrees
cucumbers, endive, gourds, lettuce, melons,

: : night-

AND COMPLETE HERBAL... 41

nighthhade,; pompions, purflain, forrel, and fuccory. In the third, as hemlock,
henbane, and ,poppies white and black. 3. Moift, and fo in the firft degree 5 as
mallows. 4. Dry, and fo in the firlt degree ;.as barley, beans, fennel, fenugreek,
and wheat. In the fecond, as lentils, nightihade, orobus, poppies, and rice... In
the third, as annifeed, carraway, coriander, cummin, bifhop’s weed, dill, gromel,
nigella, parfley, and fmallage. 2. As for the fecond qualities, they are, 1. Molli-
fying ; as fenugreek, linfeed, mallows, and. nigella. 2. Hardening ;. as purflain
feed. 3.Binding s as barberries, purflain, rofe feeds, and fhepherd’s purfe.,.3, Cleani-
ing; as barley, beans, lupines, nettles, and orobus. « 5. Anodyne, as amomus, Car-)
rots, cardamoms, cummin, dill, fenugreek, gromel, linfeed, orobus, panic, and
parfley. 6. Difcuffing ; .as-carrots, dill, fenugreek, nigella, and lin{eed 3, alfo bar-
ley, coriander, darnel, lypines,. mallows, and marfhmallows, helping {wellings.
y. Expelling wind ;.as annifeed, carraway, carrots, cummin, dill, fennel, hartwort,
nigella, parfley, fmallage, and wormwood. 3. As for the third qualities, they are;
_1. fuppurating ; as darnel, fenugreek, french barley, and linfeed. 2. Glutinating »
sean, ees beel arsine: (3: Fae og orton as athtree-keys, ae cicers, :
cers, isan hateneonie a hh ‘fperage, and: fmallage

terms ; as burdock, cummin, and rote “e Lit ontriptic 5

and marfhmallows:. 4. As for the fourth qualities, they are, he Semel nies) as.
annis, bifhop’s: weed, cardamoms, | citrons, fennel, lemons, oranges, and finallage.
2. Appropriate; and fo 1. They heat 1. the head; as fennel, marjoram, and piony.
2. The,breatt ;. as nettles. 3. The heart.; as bafil, rue, and-muftard. feed. 4. The
Romachs, ; as amomus, _annis, —— s ——s anaE OOM SHEN ne cummin, —

diprisiaycd odina eee figs Whe tg itd bladder; as ci
rocket, and faxifrage. 8, The womb ; as piony, andr e. 9.
tard feed, rue, and water creffés. 2. They cool, 1. The he
Poppies, and eae 2. The. brealt 5 white poppies: $2

42 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

VITE. Gums, are 1. Temperate; as elemi, lacca, and tragacanth. 2. Hot, and {@
in the firft degree; as bdellium, and ivy gum. In the fecond, as frankincenfe,
Balbanum, maftic, myrrh, olybanum, pitch, rofin, and ftyrax. In the third, as
ammoniacum. In the fourth, as euphorbium. 3. Cold, as gum arabic. 2. As for
the fecond qualities, they are, 1. Mollifying, as ammoniacum, bdellium, colophonia,
galbanum, opopanax, turpentine, rofin, pitch, and ftyrax. 2. Binding ; as gum
arabic, fandarac or Jupiter gum, and tragacanth. 3.\As for the third qualities, they
are, 1. Emmenonagogic, as ftyrax. 2. Lithontriptic, as cherry gum, 4. As for the
fourth qualities, they are cathartic, as opopanax, purging phlegm. -

IX, Juices, are 1. T emperate; as liquorice, and white ftarch. 2. Hot, and fo
in the firft degree, as fugar. In the fecond, as labdanum. In the third, as affafec-
tida, and benjamin, 3 Cold, and fo in the fecond degree 5 as acacia, and fanguis
draconis. Inthe third, as hypocyftis. In the fourth, as opium. As for the fourth
qualities, they are cathartic; as aloes, manna, and fcammony, purging choler.

hy as chervil, fennel, marigolds, mints, mother of
agrimony, centaury, coftmary,

rother and faxifrage, In the ‘womb, as calamint,
‘Save | favin. 2, Concoéting melan-
sd reiterate In the-breaft, as bawm, and-car-

nightfh q , Plantain, |

Poppies, and

€s, fengreen, and violets.
and water lillies. 6. In. the
reins,

nae, Purflain, fuccory,

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 43

reins and bladder, as black cherries, endive, houflcek, plantane, ftrawberries, fuc-
cory, water hilies, and winter cherries. 7. in the womb, as endive, lettuce, purflain,,
rofes, fuccory, and water lillies. Thus of the vegetable fimples; now follow their
compofitions, which are,

I, Wenes, which are, t. hot; heating 1. The head, as bettony, fennel, eyebright,
rofemary, fage, and ftechas. 2. The heart, as borrage, and buglofs. 3. The breaft,
as elecampane, hyffop, andraifins. 4. Theftomach, as black cherries, forrel, and’
wormwood. 5. The liver, as germander. 6. The fpleen, as tamarifk. 7. The
rems and bladder, as fage, and. winter cherries. 2. Binding, as myrtles, rofes, and
quinces. 3. Provoking fweat, as pockwood. 4. Purging; 1. Phlegm, as {quills,
2. Choler yellow, as fcammony. 3. ene as black hellebore. 4. Water, as
danewort, thymela, mee chamelz.

II. Dscocrions ; which are, 1. Raficient, as barley, cicers, and ptifan, 2. Tem
perate, as the common, and of flowers and fruits. 3. Heating the breaft, as the pec-
toral. 4. Aromatic, as the two for wounded men. 5. Sudorific; as guaiacum.
6. ee 1. The blood, as maiden hair, and fumitory. — 2. Choler yellow,.as of
fruits. 2. Of Phlegm, as ftechas, and thyme. 3. Melancholy, as of epithymum,
and {enna of Gereon. 4. Mixed humours, as Kees myrabolans. |

Ll. Syrups; which are, 1. Altering, and fo concocting, r. Choler: 1. In the
head, as poppies, and water lillies. 2. In the breait, as jujubs, pomegranates, and
violets, 3. In the ftomach, as agrefta, acerole, myrtles, oxyfaccharate, quinces, and
rofes.. 4. Inthe heart, as the acerofe, citrons, lemons, and oranges. 5, Inthe liver,
as endive, and. faccory. 2. Phlegm; 1. In the head, as betony, ftechas, and an-—
nardine honey. 2. In the breaft, as hyffop, hoarhound, callamint, liquorice, maiden’
hair, and feabious. 3. In the heart, as the byzantine. 4: In the ftomach, as mints,
oxymel of {quills; and common honey of rofes. and wormwood. 5. In the liver, as.
eupatoriam, and two and five roots. 6. In. = as mugwort. 3. Melan-

choly ; 1. Inthe heart, as borrage, ee sles.” 2: In the liver and fpleen,
sleent wry. 2. Purging 1. Choler, as of cin

chory with rhubarb, peach flowers, rhub: $s belli :
egm, as of briony roots, hemi ers, sda

v. pee oS

44 CULPEPER*ts ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

_1V. Loxocus 3 which are, 1. Aftringent, as of diafcordium, of fleawort, and.
‘poppies... 2. Abfterfive, as of colt’s foot, colewort, pine kernels, hoarhound, battard
aiton, forrel, {guills, eins, fanum and expertum.
a¥ Padcondih: which are, 1. Hot, heating and corroborating, 1. The heart, as
apples, citren peels, myrobolans, chebs, nutmegs, Indian nuts, and orange peels.

2, The ftomach, as acorus, aromatical reed, galingal, ginger, citron peels, Indian
nuts, pears, quinces, and walnuts. 3. The reins, aseringo roots. 2. Cold, cooling

and ftrengthening. 1. The ftomach, as myrobolans, emblics, oe medlars,
ah 8, prunes, and et 2. The liver, as cichory roots.

Mh Conssrves 5 > which are, I. Hot, ae io The head, as of acorus, betony,
-eyebrighs, lavender flowers, marjoram, peony, roles, rofemary, ae and ftechas
flowers. 2, ‘T he breaft, as bawm, hyffop, and maiden hair, The heart, as.

AtEES buglofs, clove gilliflowers, orange, and rofemary flowers. 4. The flomach,
clecampane, mints, and wormwood. 5. The liver, as elder flowers, fumitory,
an sid sormpood. 6. ‘The fpleen, as fumitory, and fpleenwort. 7. The womb, as
_bawm, marjoram, and rofemary flowers. . 2. Cold ; cooling, 1. The head, as roles,
i violets, and a lilly flowers. 2. The breaft, _as violets. 3, The heart, as rofes,
a and oe : S roles and vi 5s The liver, as cichory,
a, a as rofes, and violets, 7, Ther reins, as roles.
. Hi as rofes and violets, |

: lapenic dior apa hot, diaca-
m, and diathamaron, Be. The may as $ aromaticum,

APT Site: :

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 45

VII. Exvecruarsss; which are, 1. Hot, heating, 1. The head, as confettio ana-
cardina, and theriaca diateflaron. 2. The breaft, as diaireos. 3. The heart, as con-
fectio alkermes, 4. The ftomach, as excitro of bay berries, and rofata novela.
5. The liver, as diacinnamomum. 6. The fpleen, as diacapparis. 2. Cold ; cool-
ing, 1. The head, as the refumptivum. 2. As for the fecond qualities, they are
aftringent, as diacydonium, miclera, and triphera minor. 3. As for the third qua-
lities, they are, 1. Lithontriptic, as lithontribon. 2. Venereal, as diafatyrion, dia-
caryon, and triphera far, 4. As for the fourth qualities, they are cathartic purg-
ing, 1. Choler, as diaprunum fol. de pfyllio, and of rofes. 3. Phlegm, as benediéta
Jaxativa, diaphenicon, diaturbith, hiera picra, with agaric, pachy, hermetis, and dia-
colocynth. 3. Melancholy, as diafenna, confectio hamech, diapolypodium, and
hieralogadium. 4. Mixed humours, as diacarthamum, diaturbith with rhubarb,

and hiera ruffi.

IX. Pitis; which are, 1. Anodyne, as laudanum, ex cynogloffo, and of ftyrax,
2. Cathartic; purging, 1. Choler; 1. In the head, as the golden pills, and arabic.
2. In the liver, as of ewpotorium and rhubarb, 2. Phlegm; 1. In the head, as the
-Cochie, of hiera with agaric, coloquintida, alhandal, and of fix and eight things,
2. In the breaft, as of agaric, and hiera with agaric. 3. In the {tomach, as the aloe-
phangine, maftic, ftomach, of turbith, common and peftilential. 4. In the joints,
as the arthritic, fetid, of hermodactils, opopanax, fagapen, and farcocol. 3. Melan-
choly ; in the liver and fpleen, as of fumitory, and indie. 4. Water, as of euphor-
bium and mezereon. 5. Mixed humours; 1. In the head, as the cochie lucis
greater and leffer, and fine quibus. 2. In the ftomach, as the golden affaireth,
aloes, hiera fimple, imperial, turbith, maftic, and peftilential. 3. In the liver, as of
three things, and halicacabum. 4. In the whole body, as the ageregative, ~

_ XX. Trocues; which are, 1. Hot, as of xylaloes, faffron, and crocomagma damoe.
2. Cold, as of camphire and fanders. 2. As for the fecond qualities, they are, 1. Af-
tringent, as of barberries and diafpermaton. 2. Emollient; as of capers. 3. Open-

ing, as of bitter almonds, benjamin, annifeed, lacca, eupatorium, myrrh, rofes,
rhubarb, winter cherries,and wormwood. 4. Abfterfive, as cypheos. _§. Anodyne,
as camphire, diarrhodon, diafpermaton. 4. As for the fourth qualities, they are
cathartic; purging, x. Choler, as of rhubarb. 2. Phlegm, as of agaric, alhandal,

and hamech, 3. Mixed humours, as of violets, |

No. 4.

*

oO 3 XI.Ous; :

46 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

XI. Ous; which are, 1. Hot; heating, 1. The ftomach, as of maftic, mints,
nard, and wormwood. 2. Theliver, as of bitter almonds, maftic, nard, peaches,
and wormwood. 3. The fpleen, as of capers, behen, lillies, and fpike. 4. The
womb, as the cherine, dill, flower de luce, faffron, and nard. 5. The joints, as of
nard, nutmegs, and Indian nuts. 6. The nerves, as of coftus, euphorbium, mattic,
pepper, {weet marjoram, and elecampane. 2. Cold; cooling, 1. The head, as of
mandrakes and poppies. 2. The ftomach, as the lentifk, myrtine, myrtle, ompha-
cine, quinces and rofes. 3. The breaft, as of violets and water lillies. 4. The
liver, as the ftomachical. 5. The reins, as water lillies. 6. The nerves, as lentifk.

-7--The wonb, as of gourds, lentifk, myrtles, quinces, and water lillies. 3. Dry, as
of nard, nuts, and ricinus. 4. Moift, as of fweet almonds, freth olives, cucumbers,
gourds, melons, oily pulfe, and violets. 2. As for the fecond qualities, they are,
1. Mollifying, as daffodil, linfeed, ftyrax, camomile, and lillies. -2 Refolving, as
dill, camomile, and euphorbium.: 3. Loofening, as of {weet almonds, jeffamin, and.
olives. 4. Binding, as of maftic, mints, myrtles, myrtine, lentifk, and cenanthe,
5. Drawing, as of bays, dill, St. John’s wort, and rue. 6. Cleanfing, as of myrrh,
~ elder, radifh and ricinus, 7. Digefting, as of bitter almonds, nuts,: olives and rue.
8. Anodyne, as of camomile, dill, bays, elder, St. John’s wort, poplars, lillies; wall-
flowers, almonds {weet, linfeed, olives, omphacine, fleawort, poppies and rofes.
3. As forthe third qualities, they are, 1. Suppurating, as of lillies. 2. Glutinating,
as of liquid amber, balfam, myrrh, and tobacco. 3. Incarning, as fallad oil. 4. Ci-
- Catrizing, as oils of fuch fimples. 5. Venereal, as of fiftic nuts. 6. Lithontriptie,
as of cherries, and of citron kernels. 7. Hypnotic, as of henbane, nightfhade,

lillies of the water, mandrakes, and poppies. 4. As for the fourth qualities, they

are See as the enicine - and of es) eee

e 4'6 Ointments ; <ick are, 1. Hot, as of baa: Sitthed. arregon, marti-
atum,, agrippa, ‘and for the ftomach. 2. Cold, as the white and red camphorate,
Galen’s efrigera - poplars, rofate, and violets. 2. As for the fecond qualities, they
are, ¥: “Mollifyin ng, as of briony, dialthea, refumptivum, tetrapharmacon and arta-
nite. 2. Bindin as. Ccomitiffz, defenfivum, Galen’s refrigerant, citrinum, popu

_Teon, and the pettoral, 3. Drawing, as the fufcum, arregon, agrippe, martiatum. —
4 Cleanfing, as the: citron, and egyptiac. 5. Anodyne, as the anodyne, pectoral,

- dialthea, arregon, martiatum, refumptivum, populeon, and Galen’s refrigerant. |
6. Hypnotic, as populeon. 3, Refolving, as of bays, agrippa, arregon, and marti-

atum,

AND COMPLETE HERBAL > 47

atum. 3. As for the third qualities, they are, 1. Suppurating, as bafilicon. | 2. In-
Carning, as aureum, and comitiffe. 3. Glutinating, as aureum and the citron, and
potable. 4. Cicatrizing, as album and rubrum. 4. As for the fourth qualities,
they are cathartic, as agrippa, and of fowbread.

XIII. Cerates; which are, 1. Hot, as of euphorbium, and that for the Soma.
2..Cold, as the fantaline. | tem

XIV. Pratsrers 3 which are, 1. Hot, as that for the ftomach. 2, Cold, as that
of hemlock. 2. As for the fecond qualities, they are, 1, Mollifying, as diachylon,
gratia dei, that of melilote and oxycroceum. 2. Binding, as of the cruft of bread,
and diaphenicon. 3. Drawing, as of betony, diachylon magnum, with gums, of
melilote, and oxycroceum. 4. Cleanfing, as ifis gal. de janua. divinum. 5. Ano-
dyne, as of bayberries, melilote, oxycroceum. 6. Refolving, as great diachylon,
with gums of cummin, bayberries, melilote, and oxycroceum. 3. As for the third
qualities, they are, 1. Suppurating, as diachylon fimple, the great with gums, and |
of mucilages. 2. Incarning, as of betony, diapalma, de janua, and nigrum. 3. Glu-__

tinating, as diapalma, and nigrum. 4. Cicatrizing, as diapalma,

XV. Extracts; which are, 1. Glutinating, as of comfrey. 2. Spermatogenetic,
as of fatyrion. 3. Cathartic; purging, 1. Choler, as of rhubarb. 2. Phlegm, as
of agaric, and aloes. 3, Melancholy, as of black hellebore. te

XVI. Satts; which are, 1. Cathartic; purging, 1. By coughing, as of St,
John’s wort, and polypody. 2. By urine, as of camomile, bean ftalks, broom, gen- —
tian, juniper, hedge hyffop, reft harrow, and woormwood. 3. By the womb, as of
bawm, celandine, and mugwort. 4. By {weat, as of pockwood.

Thus far of vegetables, confidered as medicinal and alimentary, with their principal
differences, in refpect of the whole or parts; as trees or herbs, by their roots, barks,
woods, leaves, flowers, fruits, buds, feeds or grains, tears, liquors, gums, rofins, -

juices, things bred thereof, and waters, &c. with their temperature and qualities ;
firft, fecond, and third ; and as appropriate and medicinal in general. As alfo of se |
their compounds, viz. Spirits, waters, tinctures, wines, vinegars, deco¢tions, fyrups, oe

48 CULPEPER'’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Obs, ‘lohochs, preferves, conferves, fugars, powders, electuarics, pills, troches, oils,
ointments, cerecloths, plaifters, and chymicals : and of roots, barks, leaves, flowers,
fruits, buds, grains or pulfes, juices, and oils. As alimentary in general, we have a
fully fpoken, there now remains the more particular enquiry thereinto, fromthe
Lares and herbs os which are the bafis of the whole.

The aiicences of vegetables, as to their parts and qualities, the fynonimous
names of plants and herbs, and the feveral difeafes they are found to cure, according
‘to the experience of all. botanical authors, now follow in alphabetical order, and form
a complete arrangement of family and phyfical herbs, which grow fpontaneoufly in

the different parts of this ifland. for the natural cure or nourifhment of its difs
afed inhabitants,

\ END of th TREATISE,

-CULPEPER’s!

CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

CONTAINING THE

Hi: Keo meRserB on A omiidgg

“AMARA- DUC Graz :
(Cant se Save te diverfe fhires in pi give divers names to cae

and the fame herb, and that common name which it bears in one county,

is not known in another ; J fhall take the pains to fet down all the names
that I know of each herb. Pardon me for fetting that name firft which is moft:
common to myfelf; befides amara-dulcis, fome call it morral, others stoic
fome woody-nightfhade, and others felon-wort.

Description. It grows up with woody ftalks even toa man’s height, ‘od fome-
times higher : the leaves fall off at the approach of winter, and {pring out of the fame
ftalk again at fpring time; the branch is encompaffed about with a whitith bark,
and hath a peth in the middle of it, the main branch brancheth itfelf out into
many {mall ones, with clafpers, laying hold on what’ is ‘next to them, as vines do; 5
it bears many leaves, they grow in no order at all, or at leaftwife in no vulgar order ; _
the leaves are longifh, though fomewhat broad and pointed at the ends; many of
them have two little leaves growing at the end of their foot ftalk, fome of eee: have
but one, and fome none ; the leaves are of a pale green colour; the flowers are of
a purple colour, or of a perfeé blue, like to violets, and they ftand many of them
together in knots 5 the berries are green at the firft, but when they are ripe, they are
very red; ‘if you tafte them, you hall find them juft as the crabs which we in sulle ee
call gr ey viz. omens and bitter afterwards. eo saa: bees a

No. 5. : e | ne

50 CULPEPER's ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Prace, They grow commonly almoft throughout England, efpecially in meift
and fhady places.
Time. The leaves thoot out about the latter end of March; if the tempera-

ture of the air be ordinary, it flowereth in July, and the feeds are ripe foon after, — Bi

ufually in the next month. |
GovERNMENT AND Viatues. It is under the planet Mercury, and a notable

herb of his alfo, if ic be rightly gathered under his influence: It 1s excellent good :

to remove witchcrafts, both in men and beatts ; ; as alfo all fudden difeafes what-
- foever. Being tied about the neck, it is one of the moft admirable remedies for.
the vertigo, or diflinefs in the head, and that is the reafon (as Tragus faith) the
people in Germany commonly hang it about their cattle’s neck when they fear any

fuch eyil‘hath betidedthem. Country people commonly ufe to take the berries of xy

it, and having bruifed them, they apply them to felons, and thereby foon rid their
fingers of fuch troublefome guefts.

We have now fhéwed you the external ufe of the herb, we fhall {peak a worta or
two of the internal, and fo conclude. Take notice, that it is a mercurial herb,

and therefore of very fubtle parts, as indeed all mercurial plants are; therefore

take a pound of the wood and leaves together, bruife the wood, (which you : d
may eafily do, for it is not fo hard as oak) then put it in a pot, and put to it three ~ 4
pints of white -wine, put onthe pot lid, and fhut ic clofe, then let it infufe het
over a gentle fire twelve hours, then ftrain it out, fo you have a moft excellent drink
“Po opea: ions of the liver and fpleen;‘to help difficulty of breathy bruifes, and
falls, and congealed blood in any part of the body, to help the yellow jaundice,
the dropfy, and black Jaundice, and to cleanfe women newly brought to bed, 5
You may drink a quarter of a pint of the infufion every morning; it purgeth -
the body very gently, and not —— as fome hold. And when you ane ood
—— mber.me, ./ vee

(ga re H CRP a

< ‘Hercules’s alheal, and Hercules’s woundwort ; becaule it
ales — _— virtues of eS herb from. Chyron, when

oo = ag ie “te “ a is long, thick; Aes exceeding full of j juice, of a hot an
— caves Saresereae and large, and winged almoft like afhtree | leaves
hat the what hairy, each leaf confitting of five or fix. pair of fuch

“he
end one of the leaves slid deeper the boom han the oer oi

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 5

yellowifh, frefh, green colour; they are of a bitterifh tafte being chewed in the
mouth. From among thofe rifeth up a ftalk, green in colour, round in form, great
and ftrong in magnitude, five or fix feet high in altitude, with many joints and
fome leaves thereat; towards the top come forth umbels of fimall yellow flowers,
after whichare paffed away, you may find whitifh, yellow, fhort, flat feeds, bitter
alfo in tafte.

’ Pracer. Having given you the defcription of the herb from the bottom to the
top, give me leave to tell you that there are other herbs called by this name; but -
becaufe they are ftrangers in England, I gave only the defcription of this which is
eafy to be had in the gardens of divers.

Time. Although Gerrard faith, that they flower from the beginning of May
to the end of December, experience teacheth them that keep it in their gardens, that
it flowers not till the latter end of the fummer, and fheds its feeds prefently after.

~GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. It is under the dominion of Mars; hot, biting,
and choleric; and remedies what evils Mars affli€s the body of man with by fym-
pathy, as viper’s flefh attracts poifon, and the loadftone iron, It kills the worms,
helps the gout, cramp, and convulfion 5 provokes urine, and helps all joint-achs 5
it helps all cold griefs of the head, the vertigo, falling ficknefs, and lethargy 3 the
wind cholic, obftruétions of the liver and fpleen, ftone in the kidnies and bladder
It provokes the terms, expels the dead birth; it is excellent good for the grief of :
the finews, itch, fores, and tooth-ach; the biting of mad dogs and venomous
seis and purgeth choler very gently.

ALKANE T,.

BESIDES the common name, it is called Orchanet and resis Deal, ad

apothecaries, anchufa.

Description. Of the many forts of this herb, there is Fite one to cc com-
monly in this nation, of which one takes this defcription ; , it hath a great and thick
root of a reddifh colour, long, narrow, and hairy leaves, green like the leaves of
buglofs, | which lie very thick upon the ground, and the ftalks rife up compaffed
about thick with leaves which are lefs and narrower than the former, they are
tender and flender, the Garcon aus ealeniy Saal sanh of 5 emma ic: olour 5
the feed is greyith. Seed 25 eee Hah Woe eg
che, and in many places in ¢ the weft coune bat

ess It. grows ir in Kent near I 1 Roc

52 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Time. They flower in July and the beginning of Auguft, and the feed is ripe
foon after, but the root is ia ifs printe, as carrots and parfnips are, before the herb’
runs up to ftalk.

GovERNMENT AND Virtues. It is an herb under the dominion of Venus, and
indeed one of her darlings, though fomething hard to come by. It helps old ulcers,
hot inflammations, burnings by common fire, and St. Anthony’s fire, by antipathy to
Mars; for thefe ufes, your beft way is to make it into an ointment. Alo if you
make a vinegar of it, as you make vinegar of rofes, it helps the morphew and le- ©
profy ; if you apply the herb to the privities, it draws forth the dead child ; it helps
the yellow jaundice, fpleen, and gravel in the kidnies. Diafcorides faith, it helps
fuch as are bitten by venomous beafts, whether it be taken ‘inwardly or applied to
the wound ; nay, he faith further, if any one that hath newly eaten it do but {pit in
the mouth of a ferpent, the ferpent inftantly dies. It ftays the flux of the belly,
kills worms, helps the fits of the mother; its decoétion made in wine and drank,
‘ftrengthens the back, and eafeth the pains thereof ; it helps bruifes and falls, and is
as gallant a remedy to drive out the {mall pox and meafles as any is. An ointment
made of it, is excellent for green wounds, pricks, or thrutts.

) A ADDER’: TONGUE, or SERPENT’s TONGUE,

DescriPrion. THIS fmall herb hath but one leaf, which grows with the ftalk a
finger’s length above the ground, being fat, and of a frefh green colour, broad like
the water plantane, but lefs, without any middle rib init; from the bottom of which
leaf on the infide, rifeth up ordinarily, one, fometimes two, or three fmall flender —
ftalks, the upper half whereof is fomewhat bigger, and dented with fmall round ~

dents of a yellowith green colour, like the tongue of an adder or ferpent. Only this
is as ufeful as they are formidable. The root continues all the year,

a Prace. It groweth in moift meadows, and fuch-like places. a

3 See And is to be found in April and May, for it guickly perifheth with a

4 Sov : > AND Virtuzs. It isan herb under the dominion of the Moon in
ancer, and therefore if the weaknefs of the retentive faculty be caufed by an evil
influence of Saturn, in any part of the body governed by the Moon, or under the

~ dominion of Cancer, this herb cures it by fympathy, | It cures thofe difeafes after —
_ ‘Pscthed in any part of the body under the influence of Satdrn by antipathy,
vis temperate in refpeét of heat, but dry in the fecond degree. The juice of the
leaves drank with the diftilled water of horfetail, is a fingular remedy for all manner
of wounds in the breatt, bowels, or other parts of the body, and is given with good

| — fuccefs

AND COMPLETE HERBAL 53

fuccels unto thofe who are troubled with cafting, vomiting, or bleeding at the mouth ,
or nofe, or otherwife downwards. The faid- ‘Juice given in the diftilled water of
oaken buds, is very good for women who have their ufual courfes, or the whites _
flowing down too abundantly. It helps foreeyes, The leaves infufed or boiled in
oil omphacine, or unripe olives fet in the fun for certain days, or the green leaves
fufficiently boiled in the faid oi], is made an excellent green balfam, not only for
green and frefh wounds, but alfo for old and inveterate ulcers ; efpecially if a Jittle
fine clear turpentine be diffolved therein. It alfo ftayeth and Spiny all inflam- -
mations that arife upon pains, by hurts or wounds *,

BF xGRIMONY.

Description. THIS hath divers long leaves, fome greater, fome fmaller, fet up-
on a ftalk, all of them dented about the edges, green above, and greyith underneath,
and a little hairy withal. Among which rifeth up ufually but one ftrong, round,
hairy, brown ftalk, two or three feet high, with fmailer leaves fet here and there:
upon it ; at the top whereof grow many yellow flowers one above another in long)
fpikes, after which come rough heads of feeds hanging downwards, which will
cleave to and ftick upon garments, or any thing that fhall rub againft them. The,

root is black, long, and fomewhat woody, abiding many years, and a
every {pring ; which root, though fmall, hath a reafonable good {cent.

_ Prace. It grows upon banks, near the fides of hedges or rails.
Time. It flowereth in July and Auguft, the feed. being ripe fhortly after.
GovERNMENT AND Virtues. Moderately hot and moift, according to the nature
of Jupiter. It is an herb under Jupiter and the fign Cancer; and {trengthens thofe
parts under that planet and fign, and removes difeafes i in them by fympathy, and thofe
-under Saturn, Mars, and Mercury, by antipathy. If happen in any part of
the body governed by Jupiter, or under the figns Cancer, Sagittarius, or Pifces,
and therefore muft needs be good for the gout, either ufed Qutwardly in an oil or

: _ *Tis an excellent wound herb, either taken inwardly, or outwardly applied. For ruptures
or burften bellies, take as much of the powder of the dried leaves as will li off :
according to the age of the party, in two ounces of horfe- |, or oak-bud water, fweetened with
fyrup of quinces. Ufe it every morning for the {pace of fifteen days. But before you enter up
the ufe of this, or any other medicine, the gut, if it fall into the fcrotum, muft be reduced by —
Surgeon, and a trufs POR ORE ccoacigl 6 ena aa Ngo estas oe as

ki CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

ointment, or inwardly in an electuary or fyrup, or concreted juice; for which fee .
the latter end of the béok *, 3 i

It is of a cleanfing and cutting faculty, without any manifeft heat, moderately E
drying and binding. It openeth and cleanfeth the liver, helpeth the jaundice, and
is very beneficial to the bowels, healing all inward wounds, bruifes, hurts, and
other diftempers, The decoétion of the herb made with wine, and drank, is good
againft the biting and flinging of ferpents, and helps them that have foul, troubled,
or bloody waters, and caufes them to make water clear and fpeedily. It alfo helpeth:
the cholic, cleanfeth the breaft, and rids away the cough. A draught of the de-
coction taken warm before the fit, firft removes, and in time rids away the tertian or
guartan agues. The leaves and feed taken in wine, ftays the bloody-flux; out-
wardly applied, being ftamped with old fwine’s greafe, it lelpeth old fores, cancers,
and inveterate ulcers; and draweth forth thorns, fplinters of wood, nails, or any”
other fuch thing gotten into the flefh. It helpeth to ftrengthen the members that
be out of joint, and being bruifed and applied, or the juice dropped in, it helpeth -

“foul and impofthumed ears. E ee
= The diftilled water of the herb is good to all the faid purpofes, either inward or
Outward, but a great deal weaker. Py.

I cannot ftand to give you a reafon in every herb why it cureth fuch difeafes, but
if you pleafe to perufe my judgment in the herb wormwood, you fhall find it theres
and it will be well worth your while to confider it in every herb; you fhallfind

them true throughout the book. rae

ae a ee R AGRIMONY.
_TT is called in fome countries, water hemp, baftard hemp,
eupatorium, and hepatorium, becaufe it ftrengthens the liver. i,
_Descrirts on. The root continues a long time, having many long flender ftrings,
‘Halks grow up about two foot high, fometimes higher ; they are of a dark pur-
s the branches are many, growing at diftances the one from the other, the
3 de of the ftalk, the other from the oppofite point; the leaves are
- indented at the edges; the flowers grow at the tops of the —
me midit of them like that of a daify ; if you rub them between your fingers,

and baftard agrimony,

es ie

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: . 55

they fmell like rofin, or cedar when it is burnt; the feeds are long, and'eafily ftick
to any woollen thing they touch..

Prace. They delight not in heat, and therefore they are not fo. frequently found:
in the fouthern. parts of England as in the north, where they grow frequently; you
may look for them im cold grounds,. by ponds, and ditch fides, as alfo by. erp
waters ; fometimes you fhall find’ them grow in the midtt of the waters.

Time. They all ower in July and Augutt, and the feed is ripe prefently after.

GovERNMENT AND Virtuzs. It isa plant of Jupiter as well as.the other agrimo-
ny, only this belongs. to the celeftial fign Cancer: Te healeth and drieth, cutteth
and cleanfeth. thick and tough humours of the breaft, and: for this I hold it inferior
to but few herbs that grow; it helps the cachexia, or evil difpofition of the body ;,
the dropfy and yellow jaundice ; it opens obftruCtions of the liver; and molifies the’
hardnefs of the fpleen; being applied outwardly, it breaks impofthumes,. raken ine
wardly, it is an excellent remedy for the third day ague; it provokes urine and the
terms, it kills worms, and cleanfeth the body of {harp humours, which are the-
caule of itch, fcabs, &c. The fmoke of the herb:being burnt, drives away flies,)
wafps, 8c. and it ftrengthens the lungs” exceedingly. ‘Country people give ito
their cattle when they are troubled with the cough, or broken er

4 six Hoor ox GROUND-IVY.

SEVERAL countries give it feveral names, fo,that there is {carce an herb: grow-
ing of that bignefs that hath got fo many ;_ it is called cat’s foot,, ground ivy,. _gill-
go-by-ground, and gill-creep-by- ground, tunhoof, haymaids, and. alehooof... a

Description. This well-known herb. lieth, ‘fpreadeth,, and. creepet upon the
ground, fhooting forth roots at the corners of the tender jointed ftalks, fer all , : 5
with two round leaves at every joint, fomewhat hairy, cr impled,.
dented about the edges with round dents: at the j joints likewife with ‘the leaves to-
ward the end of the branches, come forth hollow long flowers, ofa bluifh: purple
colour, with finall white ae upen sti that co: ga The root is. final.
with ftrings. he

Piace. It is commonly found andes the Hedges and on the fides of dite he S5:
under houfes, orin fhadowed me oir watte rounds i in almoft vi r é: pe . :
of the land. Be ar es

Time. They flower foment aly, in abide fo a erent phew the leaves con- ee
sass om nrc tae) and fometim <a

- * Sy ee

- CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

+

GovERNMENT AND Virtues: It is an herb of Venus, and therefore cures the dif.
eafes fhe caufes by fympathy, and thofe of Mars by antipathy. You may ufually.
find it all the year long, except the year be extreme frofty. It is quick, fharp, and

bjtter in tafte, and is thereby found to be hot and dry; a fingular herb for all in-> -
ward wounds, exulcerated lungs, or other parts, either by itfelf, or boiled with other
the like herbs; and being drank, it in a fhort time eafeth all griping pains, windy %
_ and choleric humours in the ftomach, fpleen, or belly ; helps the yellow jaundice by a
Hl and liver, and melancholy, by opening the, ftop-.
venom or poifoh,*and alfo the plague; it provoketh _

= opening the toppings of the g al
pings of the ‘Yfpleen, expellet é

urine and women’ ’s courles. The decogtion of i it in wine drank for fome time toge-

ther procureth eafé-unto them that*are troubled with the f{ciatica, or hip gout, as
alfo the gout in the hands, knees, or feet; and if you put to the decoction fome ho-

nEY, and a little | ur at

ily helpeth green. wound:

boiled with a little honey and verdigreafe, doth wonderfully cleanfe fiftulas, _ ulcers;

— ay 9 ) Spreading or eating of cancers and ulcers; it. ely eth the itch, &
: heals, and other breakings out in any part of the body. The juice of —
-eelandine, field daifies, and ground ivy clarified, and a little fine fugar diffolved

_ therein, and dropped i into the eyes, is a fovereign remedy. for all the pains, rednefs,
and watering of them; as alfo for the pin and web, fkins and films growing over

ging of them, and helpeth the hearing which is
“peered. B00 ito tun awith new drink, for it will fo clarify it in a night,
that it Be tt be drank th ‘next morning, or if any drink be thick wae

ny other accic i" JE will do Fyre ae

in 7
r
be oe
Mata egge oe

call aa Seicic oon a
>. sites it is pod

being bruifed a and bound thereto. The juiceof it it ?

the fight; — beatts as well as men. The juice dropped into the ears doth X

ae swild ne Rock the black pots,
Beles is Riese fold in the eens sigs for

L 4 wath the fores and ulcers - jn. the privy parts of man or. woman 5) “it

Allheal

5 03 Pa Leas Alkane
at OAN NY A
‘) ie SS o

Alexander QW iack Mder lommon Alder

Midander

~

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 67

fpleen ; it is good to remove women’s courfes, to expel the after-birth, to break .
wind, to provoke urine, and help the f{tranguary ; and thefe things the feeds will do
likewife. If either of them be boiled in wine, or being bruifed and taken in wine, it
is alfo effectual againft the biting of ferpents. And now you know what alexander
pottage is good for, that you may no longer eat it out of ignorance, but out of

knowledge.

AG BLACK ALOE® tee 8

Dzscription and Names. THIS groweth up like a fmall thrub, or buth, and
fpreads in many branches ; the wood is white, and red at the core, the bark blackifh
with white f{pots, the inner bark yellow, the leaves fomewhat- like the common
alder, the flowers are white, and come forth at the joints with the leaves, the berries
are round, firft green, then red and black when they are ripe. The Latins call it
frangula, and alnus nigra baccifera 5 in Hamphhire we ufually know it by the
name of dogwood. sf

Piacr. This tree or fhrub may be found plentifully i in St. John’s wood, ws
Hornfey, and in the woods upon Hampftead heath, as alfo at a wood called the Old |
Park at Barcomb in Suffex, near the brook’s fide. ;

Time. It flowereth in May, and the berries are ripe in Bepeuiben

GovERNMENT AND Virtues *. Itis a tree of Saturn. The inner bark hereof
purgeth downwards both choler and phlegm, and the watery humours of fuch as
have the dropfy, and ftrengtheneth the inward parts again by binding. If the bark
hereof be boiled with agrimony, wormwood, dodder, hops, and fome fennel, with
fmallage, endive, and fuccory roots, and a reafonable draught taken every morning:
_ for fome time together, it is very effectual againft the jaundice, dropfy, and the.

evil difpofition of the body; efpecially if fome fuitable purging medicine have
been taken before to avoid the groffer excrements ; it purgeth and ftrengtheneth
the liver and fpleen, cleanfing them from fuch evil humours and hardnefs as they
are afflicted with. It is to be underftood, that thefe things are performed by the
dried bark, for the frefh green bark taken inwardly, provoketh ftrong vomitings, —
pains in the ftomach, and gripings in the belly: yet if the decoction may ftand and.
fetrle two or three days until the yellow: reece oat black, it will not onal

* The Gea teaves of this teeapplied ao eumourydieues them, and tabesolioteis@artions:

Being put into traveller’s fhoes, they eafe pain, and remove wearinefs. A black colour Bie as :

ink, is made with the bark of alder rubbed off with a rufty iron, and infuled in water for Some

days. Some ufe it to dye,
‘No. 5: NS

38 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

fo ftrongly as before, but will ftrengthen the ftomach, and procure an appetite to
meat. The outer bark contrarywife doth bind the body, and is helpful for all lafks
and fluxes thereof, but this muft alfo be dried firft, whereby it will work the bet- a
ter, The inner bark hereof boiled in vinegar, is an approved remedy to kill lice,
‘to cure the itch, and take away {cabs by drying them up in a fhort time; it Is Gngu.
lar good to wath the teeth, to take away the pains, to faften thofe that are loofe, to
cleanfe them and keep them found. The leaves are good fodder for kine, to make !
them give more milk. i : |

If in the {pring time you ufe the herbs before mentioned, and will but take a
handful to each of them, and to them add a handful of elder buds, and having.
bruifed them ail, boil them in a gallon of ordinary beer when it is new, and having
boiled them half an hour, add this to three gallons more, and let them work toge- —
ther, and drink a draught of it every morning, half a pint, or thereabouts. It is a
an excellent purge for the {pring, to confume the fegmatic quality the winter hath —
is behind it, and withal keep your body in Health, and confume thofe evil hu-.
maurswhich the heat of fummer will readily ftir up. Efteem it as a jewel. wi

M0 Tre Common ALDER TREE.

> and brought into a chamber troubled with fleas,
fuddenly caft out, will rid the chamber

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 54

PT LOER AOE TSO iam

THERE is both garden and wild angelica, fome alfo reckon up a water kind ;
it groweth up with great hollow ftalks, four or five feet high, having: broad
‘divided leaves, of a pale green colour, at the top cometh forth large umbells of
white

* That is, the angelical or angel-like herb. On what occafion this excellent name was firtt
given unto it, I know not ; unlefs it were for the excellent virtues thereof, or, for that God made
it known to man, by the miniftry of an angel. I fuppofe the former cafe rather to be true:
however, as I am not able to prove the other, fo I think no man can give any good reafon to the
contrary. For this we know, that God hath made his angels miniftering {pirits, to ferve us for
the fafeguard of our fouls, and alfo of our bedies. But upon what occafion foever the name was
—Angelica is hot and dry, at leaftin the
third degree, All the latter writers agree upon this, and experience proveth the fame, that it is
good againft poifon, peftilent airs, and the peftilence itfelf. The practitioners of Germany write
thus of it; If any man be fuddenly taken either with the peftilence, or with any peftilent ague,
with too much fweating, let him drink of the ‘powder of the root half a dram, mingled with 2
dram of treacle, in three or four fpoonfuls of the water of angelica, diftilled from the roots, and

after his going to bed, covering himfelf well, let him faft, at the leaft, three hours after; which
if he do, he will begin to fweat, and by the help of God, he will be cured of his difeafe. For
want of treacle one may take a whole dram of the root of angelica in powder, with fo much of the
diftilled water as aforefaid, and it will have the fame effect. The root of angelica: well
fteeped in vinegar, and {melt to in time of the peftilence, and the fame liquor being fometimes
drank fafting, preferveth from infeGion. Butin my judgment, it is better to take an orange
or a lemon, cut off the top, pick out the meat, prick it full of fmall holes, put into it a piece of
fponge, or fine linen cloth, dipped in the aforefaid vinegar, and fmell to it.——The water diftilled
out of the roots of angelica, or the powder of the fame, is good againft gnawing and pains of the
belly occafioned with cold, if the body be not bound. It is good againft all inward difeafes, as
pleurify, in the beginning before the heat of the inflammation be come into the body : for that
it diffolveth and {cattereth abroad fuch humours as ufe to caufe the pleurify. Moreover itis good
for the difeafes of the lungs, if they come of a cold caufe ; and from the ftrangurian, if froma
cold caufe, or of a ftopping. It is good for a woman that is in travail. It expelleth wind thatis
in the body, and eafeth the -painithat cometh from the fame. « The root may be fod in wine or
water, as the nature of the fick requireth: ‘The root or the juice put into an hollow tooth, taketh
-away the ach; the fame effec hath the diftilled water, being’ put into the ear, ‘The juice and

given, it is excellent, and fo are the properties.

bitings of mad beatts.. 7
eafed leg a very pace remedy sea cl sn de fores, ka they kong and cleante t hem, :

6 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

white flowers, after which fucceedeth flat feeds, fomewhat whitith ; the root pee
rifheth every year if it be fuffered to feed.

Piace anp Time, Angelica is Latin and Englifh, it grows commonly in our
gardens, and wild alfo in many places, flowers about July, and the feed is ripe
foon after, —- on

—GoveRNMENT AND Virturs. It is an herb of the Sun in Leo, let it be gathered
when he is there, the Moon applying to his good afpect ; let it be gathered either in
his hour, or in the hour of Jupiter, let Sol be angular. Obferve the like in ga- :
thering the herbs of other planets, and you may happen to do wonders. In all epi- j
demical difeafes caufed by Saturn, this is as good a prefervative as grows; it refifts :
poifon by defending and comforting the hearr, blood, and {pirits; it doth the like

ee
: #
3

cover the bones with flefh. The water of the fame, in a cold caufe, is gbod to be laid on places
difeafed with the gout and {ciatica, For it ftancheth the pain, and melteth away the tough hu-
mee that are gathered together. The feed is of like virtue with the root. The wild angelica
: Gat groweth here in the low woods, and by the water fide, is not of fuch virtue as the other;
howbeit the furgeons {eethe the root of it in wine, to heal green wounds. ‘Thefe properties I
have gathered out of German writers. 1 have not as yet proved them all myfelf, but divers of
them I have proved, and have found them to be true. I have fet down the shat : noe ae
7 beseian for sabe micncathechons is alfo commended by phyficians, to be a good prefervative both againft ,
he tk wae infeSticin of peftilence.wer- Late writers affirm, that the roots of angelica are op=
_ f.all goifon and infeétion. If any be infeéted with the plague, or poifoned, they give him

sgrinkt

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 6x

- againft the plague and all epidemical difeafes, if the root be taken in powder to the
weight of half a dram at a time with fome good treacle in carduus water, and the
party thereupon laid to {weat in his bed; if treacle be not to be had, take it alone in
carduus, or angelica water. The ftalks or roots candied and eaten fatting, are good —
prefervatives in time of infeéti ion, and at other times to warm and comfort a cold
ftomach. The root alfo fteeped in vinegar, anda little of that vinegar taken fome-
times fafting, and the root f{melled unto, is good for the fame purpofe. A water
_ diftilled from the root fimply, or fteeped in wine, and diftilled in glafs, is much more
effectual than the water of the leaves; and this water drank two or three {poonfuls
at a time, eafeth all pains and torments coming of cold and wind, fo as the body be
not bound, and taken with fome of the root in powder at the beginning, helpeth the
pleurify, as alfo all other difeafes of the lungs and breatt, as coughs, phthyfic, and
fhortnefs of breath ; and a fyrup of the ftalks doth the like. It helps pains of the’
cholic, the ftranguary, and ftopping of the urine, procureth women’s courfes, and
expelleth the afterbirth, openeth the ftoppings of the liver and fpleen, and briefly
eafeth and difcuffeth all, windinefs and inward fwellings.. The decoétion drank
before the fit of an ague, that they may {weat, if poflible, before the fit comes on,
will in two or three times taking rid it quite away. It helps digeition, and is a
remedy for a furfeit. The juice, or the water being dropped into the eyes or ears,
helps dimnefs of fight and deafnefs ; the juice being put into the hollow teeth, eafeth
‘their pains. The roots in powder made up into’a plaifter with a little pitch, and
laid on the biting of a mad dog, or any other venomous creature, doth wonderfully
help. The juice, or water dropped or tents wet therein, and put into old filthy
deep ulcers, or the powder of the root, in want of either, doth cleanfe and caufe
them to heal quickly,° by covering the naked bones with flefh. ‘The difti led Water
applied to places pained with the gout or fciatica, doth give a great deat of eafe. db

The wild angelica i is not fo effeCtual as the garden, alt ough it it may ‘be fafely
uled to all the purpofes aforefaid. Ngee: es

AU swawantnos

BE SIDES this common name, by t = rit is beft known by the Florifts of |
| oer days, it is alfo called flower-gentle, flo ver- VE lure, sro, and velvet lower.
Si. Ree It eee flow she

ion, yet notwit hftanding, becaule fee df ir Bee
ftalk acubit high, ftreaked, and fomewhat ede

62 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

among which ftand long broad leaves of a reddith green colour, and Qippery. The
flowers are not properly flowers, but tufts, very beautiful to behold, but of no fenell,
of a reddith colour; if you bruife them, they yield juice of the {ame colour ; being
gathered, they keep their beauty a long time; the feed is of a fhining black colour. -
Time. They continue in flower from Augutt till the time the frofts nip them.
Govenhauwr anp Virtues. It is underthe dominion of Saturn, and is an ex-
cellent qualifier of the unruly actions and paffions of Venus, though Mars alfo _
_fhould joia with her. The flowers dried and beaten into powder, ftop the terms ia
women, and fo do almoft all other red things. And by the icon, or image of every —
herb, the antients at firit found out their virtues. Modern writers, they laugh at them
for it, but 1 wonder in my heart how the virtue of herbs came at firit to be known,
if not by their fignatures, the moderns have them from the writings of the ancients,
the ancients had no writings to have them from. But to proceed, the flowers ftop
all fluxes of blood whether in man or woman, bleeding either by the nofe or wound,
There is alfo a fort of Amaranthus which bears a white flower, which ftops the :
whites in women, and the running of the reins in men, and is a moft gallant anti- ©
venerian, and a fingular remedy for the French pox.

el Sa ANEMON &,

€ ALLED alfo wind-flower, becaufe they fay the flowers never open but when —
the wind bloweth: Pliny is my author, if it be not fo, blame him. ‘The feed allo,
if it bears any at all, flies away with the wind. |
Peace ano Time. They are fown ufually in the gardens of the curious, and
flower in the fpring time. As for defcription | fhall pafs it, they being well knowa

mg, and bringeth away many watery and phlegmatic humours, —
mt for the lethargy. And when all is done, let phyficians —
‘the pills in the difpenfatory purge not the head like to hot
in 5 made into an ointment, and the eyelids anointed —
tions of the eyes, whereby it is palpable that every
ght; the fame ointment is exceeding good to cleanfe —

GARDEN

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. - 63

Va GARDEN AR RACH,

CALLED alfo orach, and orage.

Description. It is fo commonly known to every houfewife, it were but labour
loft to defcribe it.

Time. It flowereth and feedeth from June to the end of Auguft,

GoveRNMENT anv Virtues. It is under the government of the Moon ; in
quality cold and moift like unto her, It fofteneth and loofeneth the body of man
being eaten, and fortifieth the expulfive faculty in him. The herb whether it be
bruifed and applied to the throat, or boiled, and in like manner applied, it matters
not much, it is excellent good for fwellings in the throat, the beft way I fuppofe is
to boil it, and having drank the decoétion inwardly, apply the herb outwardly ;
the decoftion of it befides, is an excellent remedy for the yellow jaundice,

| D sd ie AR R A.C BH, Wiua" ann Srintino- 3

CALLED alfo vulvaria from that part of the body upon which the operation is
moft: alfo dog’s arrach, goat’s arrach, and ftinking motherwort, is . :
Description. This hath fmall and almoft round leaves, yet a_Jittle pointed,
and without dent or cut, of a dufky mealy colour, growing on the flender ftalks and
branches that {pread on the ground, with fimall Mowers in clufters fet with the
leaves, and fmall feeds fucceeding like the reft, perifhing yearly, and rifing again -
with its own fowing. It fmells like old rotten fith, or fomething worfe.
Prace. It grows ufually upon dunghills. ie
Time. They flower in June and July, and their feed is ripe quickly after. +
GovERNMENT AND Virtues. Stinking arrach is ufeful as a remedy to help women
pained, aad almoft ftrangled with the mother, by {melling to it; but inwardly taken
there is not a better remedy under the moon for that difeafe. I would be large in
commendation of this herb, were I but eloquent. It is an herb under the dominion
of Venus, and under the fign Scorpio. The works of God are given freely to man,
his medicines are common and cheap, and eafy to be found: "tis the medicines of the
college of phyficians that are fo dear and fcarce to find. I commend it for an uni- ©
verfal medicine for the womb, and fuch a medicine as will eafily, fately, and fpeedily
cure any difeafe thereof, as the fits of the mother, diflocation, or falling out thereof; —
it cools the womb being over heated : and let me tell you this, and I will tell you
but the truth, heat of the womb is one of the greateft caufes of hard labour seas

,*

childbirth. “Te makes barren women fruitful, it cleanfeth the womb if it be fou,

4 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

and ftrengthens it exceedingly ; it provokes the terms if they be ftopped, and. {tops
them.if they flow immoderately: you can defire no good to your womb but this
herb will effeét it; therefore if you love children, if you love health, if you love
. eafe, keep a fyrup always by you made of the juice of this herb and fugar, or honey
if it be to cleanfe the womb; and let fuch as be rich keep it for their poor neigh-
bours, and beftow it as freely as I beftow my ftudies uponthem, or elfe let them

look to.anfwer it another day when the Lord fhall.come to make inquifition
of blood, |

Lb BR CARS ANS Hb:

TO put a glofs.upon their practice, the phyficians call an herb, which country
people vulgarly know by the name of deadnettles, archangel, wherein whether |
they favour of more fuperftition or folly, I leave to the judicious reader. There is
more curiofity than courtely to my countrymen ufed by others in the explanation as —
well of the names as defcription of this well known herb: which, that I may not
alfo be guilty of, take this fhort defcription ; firft, of the red archangel.
Descrtprion. This hath divers {quare ftalks, fomewhat hairy, at the joints —

White archangel hath divers {quare ftalks, none ftanding upright, but bending
nt, larger and more pointed than the

7 the white in the ftalks and leaves, but that the ftalks are ;
an ue Joints with leaves are farther afunder, having

‘the Rowers a little larger and more gaping, of #
ler. The roots are like the white, only they

PLACE

.

AND COMPLETE HERBAL; 6s

Pracz. They grow almoft every where, unle(s it be in the middle of the ftreet!
the yellow moft ufually in the wet grounds of woods, and fometimes in the dryer, in
divers counties of this nation.

Time. They flower from the beginning of the {pring all the fummer long.

Virtues anD Use. The archangels are fomewhat hot and dryer chan the fting-
ing nettles, and ufed with better fuccefs for the topping and hardnefs of the fpleen,
than they, by ufing the decoétion of the herb in wine, and afterwards applying the
herb hot unto the region of the fpleen as a plaifter, or the decoftion with {punges.
The flowers of the white archangel are preferved, or conferved, to be ufed to ftay
the whites, and the flowers of the red, to ftay the reds in women,

Cd
ott Ch pcaemion ante

THE hot arfefmart is called alfo water pepper, and culrage; the mild arfe-
fmart is called dead arfefmart, porcicaria, or peachwort, becaufe the leaves are fo
like the leaves of a peach tree ; it is alfo called plumbago.

Descriprion or tHe Mizp. This hath broad leaves fet at the great red joints
of the ftalks, with femicircular blackith marks on them ufualiy, yet fometimes
without. The flowers grow in long {pikes ufuaily, either bluifh or whitifh with fuch’
like feed following. The root is long with many ftrings thereat, perifhing yearly : :
this hath no fharp tafte, as another fort hath, which is quick and biting, but-rather *
four like forrel, or elfe a little drying or without tafte.

Prace. It grows in watery plafhes, ditches, and the like; which for the moft
part are dry in fummer.

Time. It fowereth in June, and the feed is ripe in Auguft. x

GoverNMENT AnD Virtues. As the virtue of both thefe is various, fo 2 are alfo
their government; for that which is hot and biting is under the dominion of Mars,
but Saturn challengeth the other, as appears by the lead coloured fpot he hath
placed upon the leaf *. It is of a cooling and drying quality, and very effectual

- for putrified ulcers in man or beaft, to kill worms, and cleanfe the putrified places.
Le juice thereof dropped in, or otherwife ane S confureth all cold el

‘

_* The water sctaiiiof rea ee ha of the kidnies or bladder, a drauighes te
| being taken every morning for two or three months together. A country gentleman ufed a
bosib Oe eel 4 petra. weit ae ae wherewith he cured many of the ftone. The root
or feed put into an aching h tooth, takes off the pain. There is farce any thing more ef
feEtual to drive away:

jes, for whatever wounds or ulcers cattle have, if they are anointed wi
the juice of arfefmart, the flies will mot come near, though ihe hme hpepens:
No. 6... 4 &

6 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

and diffolveth the congealed blood of bruifes by ftrokes, falls, Occ. A piece of the
root, or fome of the feed bruifed, and held to an aching tooth, taketa away the pain,

The leaves bruifed, and laid to the joint that hath a fellon thereon, taketh it away,

The juice deftroyeth worms in the ears, being dropped into them : if the hot arfe-

fmart be ftrewed in a chamber, it will foon kill all the fleas; and the herb or juice -

of the cold arfefmart put to a horfe or other cattle’s fores will drive away the flies in
the hotteft time of fummer; a good handful of the hot biting arfe{mart, put under

a horfes faddle, will make him travel the better, although he were half tired before:

the mild arfefmart is good againft hot impoftumes and inflammations at the begin-
ing, and to heal green wounds. |
All authors chop the virtues of both forts of arfefmart together, as men chop
herbs for the pot, when both of them are of quite contrary qualities. ‘The hot arle-
{mart groweth not fo high, or tall, as the mild doth, but hath many leaves of the co-
lour of peach leaves, very feldom or never fpotted, in other particulars it is like the
former, but may eafily be known from it, if you will be but pleafed to break a leaf of
it acrofs your tongue, for the hot will make your tongue to fmart, but the cold will

not. If you feethem both together, you may eafily diftinguifh them, becaufe the ~

mild hath far broader leaves : and our college of phyficians out of their learned care
for the public good, anglicé, their own gain, miftake the one for the other in their
New Majterpiece, whereby they difcover, 17 Their ignorance. 2. Their carelefs-

3 — na ee hath but half an eye, may fee their pride without a pair of {pecta-
| iss . en aah what I could to diftinguifh them in their virtues, and when you
find hot the contrary named, ufe the cold. ; |

leay

+

.

ee lomewhat fweet, being fmelled unto, —
'S Contained {mall cornered, rough feeds, very like
saiins. The roots are fmall and whitith, fpreading
+ heads, but not running ot —
ping herbs do. They are fomewhat
| {weet

‘

AND, COMPLETE, HERBAL, 67

{weet in {mell, refembling nardus,. but. more when they are dry, than green, and.of

afharp, but not unpleafant tafte.

Prace,. It groweth frequently in gardens.
Tims. They keep their leaves green all the winter, but fhoot forth new in the

fpring, and with them-come forth thofe heads or flowers which give ripe feed about
midfuminer, dr fomewhat after. | 7

GOVERNMENT! AND. VIRTUES. Tis a plant under the dominion of Mars, and
therefore inimical to nature. This herb being,drank, not only provoketh vomiting,
but purgeth downward, and by urine alfo, purgeth both choler and phlegm: if you
add to it fome fpikenard with the whey of goat’s milk, or honeyed water, it is made
more flrong, but it purgeth ‘phlegm more manifeftly than choler, and therefore
doth much help: pains in theships and other parts, It being boiled in whey,
wonderfully helpeth the obftructions of the liver and fpleen, and therefore pro-
fitable for the dropfy and jaundice being fteeped in wine and drank. It helps
thofe continual agues that come by the plenty of ftubborn humours: an oil made
thereof by fetting it in the fun, with fome laudanum added to it, provoketh {weating,
the ridge of the back being anointed therewith, and thereby driveth away the fhaking
fits of the ague. It will not abide any Jong boiling, for it loofeth its chief ftrength
thereby; nor much beating, for the finer powder doth provoke vomits and urine,
and the courfer purgeth downwards. The common ule hereof, is to take the juice of
five or feven leaves in a little drink to caufe vomitings; the roots have alfo the fame
virtue though they do not operate fo forcibly, yet they are very effectual againit
the biting of ferpents, and therefore is put as an ingredient both into mithridate
and Venice treacle. The leaves and roots being boiled in lye, and the head often |
wafhed therewith while it is warm, comforteth the head and brain that is ill affetted 3
by taking cold, and helpeth the memory.

-I fhall defire ignorant people to forbear the ufe of the leaves: the roots purge |
more gently, and may prove beneficial in fuch as have cancers, or old putrified
ulcers, or fiftulas upon their bodies, to take a dram of them in powder in a quarter-of
a pint of white wine in the morning. The truth is, I fancy purging and vomiting
medicines as little as any man breathing, for they weaken nature, nor fhall never
advife them to be ufed unlefs upon urgent neceffity. Ifa phyfician be nature’s fer-
vant, it is his duty to ftrengthen his midis as much as he can, and weaken her

wc, may be.
@
ASPARAGUS, SPARAGUS, or SPERAGE,
Description. IT rifeth up. at firft with divers white green fcaly heads, very, rit- ~
: ted to break while they are young, which afterwards rife ssi in very wns

6 #CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

and flender green ftalks, of the bignefs of an ordinary riding wand at the bottony
of moft, or bigger or leffer, as the roots are of growth; on which are fet divers
branches of green leaves, fhorter and fmaller than fennel to the top; at the joints ,
whereof come forth fmall moffy yellowifh flowers, which turn into round berries,
green at the firft, and of an excellent red colour when they are ripe, fhewing like
beads of coral, wherein are contained exceeding hard black feeds. The roots are
difperfed from a fpongeous head into many long, thick, and round ftrings, wheres

. by it fucketh much nourifhment out of the ground, and encreafeth plentifully
thereby.

x ff D Prickty ASPARAGUS, SPARAGUS, or SPERAGE.

Description. IT groweth ufually in gardens, and fome of it grows wild in
Appleton meadow, in Gloucefter(hire, where the poor people do gather the buds, —
or young fhoots, and fell them cheaper than our garden afparagus is fold in
London.

Tua. They do for'the moft part flower, and bear their berries late in the yeary —
or not at all, although they are houfed in winter,
GOVERNMENT AND Virtues. T hey are both under the dominion of Jupiter.
The young buds or branches boiled in ordinary broth, maketh the belly foluble
| and open, and boiled in white wine, provoketh urine, being ftopped, and is good
: apes the Dr asgnanys or difficulty of making water, it expelleth the gravel and:
fione scape’ the kidnies, and helpeth pains in the reins: if boiled in white wine of
= > It 1s prevalent for them that have their arteries loofened, or are troubled
weiett the hip gout, or {ciatica, The decoétion of the roots boiled . wine and taken,
— clear the fight, and being held in the mouth, eafeth the tooth ach ; and
ee taken fafting feveral mornings together, ftirreth up bodily jut in man or wo-
ees teres fome:have written tthe contrary. The garden afparagus nou-
ime effect in all the aforementioned dif-
and the back and belly bathed

_ +

happen to the lower parts of the

GovERN*

'

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, e

4

GOVERNMENT AND Virtues. It is governed by the fun, and the young tender
tops with the leaves taken inwardly, and fome of them outwardly applied, are fine
gular good againft the biting of the viper, adder, or any other venomous beaft :
and the water diftilled therefrom being taken in a fmall quantity every morning
fafting, is a fingular medicine for thofe that are fubjeé&t to the dropfy, or to abate
the greatnels of thofe who are too grofs or fat. The decoétion of the leaves if
white wine, helpeth to break the ftone and expel it, and cureth the jaundice. The
afhes of the bark of the afh made into lye, and thofe heads bathed therewith which
are leprous, fcabby, or fcald, are thereby cured. The kernels within the hufks,
commonly called afhen keys, prevaileth againft ftitches and pains in the Bde, pro-
ceeding from wind, and voideth the ftone by provoking urine.

HY ocx. called alfo CLOVEWORT, and HERB BENET,._.

Description. THIS ordinary avens hath many long, rough, dark green, winged
leaves rifing from the root, every one made of many. leaves, fet on each fide of the 7
middle rib, the Jargeft three whereof grow at the end, and are {nipped or depted
round abour the edges ; the other being {mall pieces, fometimes two, and fommetimes
four, ftanding on each fide of the middle rib underneath them: among which do
rife up divers rough or hairy ftalks, about two foot high, branching forth with
leaves at every joint, not fo long as thofe below, but almoft as much cut in on the
edges, fome into three parts fome into more. On the tops of the branches ftand
finall pale yellow flowers, confifting of five leaves, like the flowers of cinquefoil,
but large in the middle, whereof ftandeth a fmall green head, which’ wher the
flower is fallen groweth rough and round, being made of many long gree nigh
plefeeds, like grains, which will ftick upon your clothes. The root confi
many brownifh ftrings or fibres, fmelling fomewhat like unto cloves, efpecially
thofe which grow in the higher, zeoghe and drier grounds, and in the free and
clear air.

Pace. They grow wild in: many places under hedge-fides,. and by the pathways
in fields ; yet they rather delight to grow in fhadowy than funny places.

- Time. They. stad ae) and a see for the - moft part, and their feeth4 is ae in:
July at the lateft,

GoveRNMENT AND Vintuss. It conan by Jupiter, and that gives # Nope of
a wholefome healthful herb. It. is good for the difeafes of the cheft or breatt, for

i itches in the fides, and to expel crude and raw humours from the’ 2
and ftomach, by the fweet favour and warming quality ; it defolyeth the inwai

x CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

gealed blood, occafioned by falls.or' bruifes, and the {pitting of blood, if the roots,
either green or dried, be boiled in wine and drank; as alfo al] manner of inward
or outward wounds, if they be wafhed or bathed therewith. The decoétion alfo
being drank, comforteth the heart, and ftrengtheneth the ftomach, and a cold.
brain, and therefore is good in the {pring time to open obftructions of the liver,
and helpeth the wind cholic; it alfo helps thofe that have fluxes, or are burften,
or havea rupture ; it taketh away {pots and marks in the face, being wafhed there.

with. The juice of the freth root or powder of the dried root hath the fame cffee
with the deco@tion. The root in the

Cate favour and tafte, and being drank faiting every morning, comforteth the heart;

or any other poifon ; it helpeth di- |
» and openeth obftriiétions of the liver and .

: > and is very fit to be zi
kept in every body’s houfe. oe

Ah? ALMOND TREE

ass ont Fes
mes N AND Names, i
a : OF this tree there are two kinds, the one bears

they grow bigger than any peach tree; I have feena _

Mas big as a great Plumb tree. It hath leaves much
in Latin amigdalum .

~ =

“Tike peach

- The fweet almonds nou-

he feed, they ftrengthen the breath, cleanfe the kidnies,
ine, j

>

“pies being anointed therewith 5 and the oil with
AG )

wad ons for a fluffed breaft; this kind

16

5 they grow plentifully in Ture — (

AND COMPLETE HERBAL.” ? yt

is very wholefome and commodious for ftudents, fot it rejoiceth the heart, and cont.
forteth the brain, and qualifieth the heat of the liver,

(ta
Ahn ACONITUM.

OF this there are two forts, the one bearing blue flowers, the other yellow ;
it is alfo called wolf’s bane, and the blue is generally known by the name of
monk’s hood.

Description. The wolf’s bane which. beareth the blue flower, is nell but
groweth up a cubit high, the leaves be fplit and j jagged, the flowers i in long rows
toward the tops of the ftalks, gaping like hoods; on the hoary root, groweth as it
were alittle knob, wherewith it fpreadeth itfelf abroad, and multiplieth,

Pracz. The monk’s hood or blue wolf’s bane is very common in many gardens,
the other rarely found but in the gardens of fome curious herbarifts ; but groweth in

_ forefts and dark low woods and valleys in fome parts of Heron and F ANGE, <3,

Time. They flower in April, May, and June. t4 .

GovERNMENT AnD Dancer, Thele plants are hot and dey in the fourth degree,
of a martial venomous quality, if ic be inwardly taken, it inflameth the heart,
burneth the inward parts, and killeth the body. Dodonzeus reporteth of fome men
at Antwerp, who unawares did eat fome of the monk’s hood in a fallad, inftead
of fome other herb, and died forthwith: this I write that people who have it in

their gardens might beware of it,

te man Cee

Names. BY the fame name of aloe or aloes is the condenfed juice. af il
called in all parts of Europe; ; the plant i is alfo called fea-houfleek and fea:ay-green.

Description. This plant hath very long leaves, thick, and fet round about with
fhort points or crefts, ftanding wide one from another, the root is thick and long,
all the herb is of a ftrong favour, and bitter tafte, out of this herb i is drawn a juice,
which is dried, and called aloes in different parts of the world.

Pract. Aloe groweth. very plentioufly i in India, and from thence cometh the
beft juice ; it groweth alfo in many places of Afia and Arabia, near the fea fide, but
the juice thereof is not fo good as that of India.

GoveRNMENT AND Vintuzs. It is a martial plant, tors in the fecond degree,
and dry i in the third, of a very bitter tafte, the j juice being refined and clarified from
its drofs, is of a clear, and blackifh clean brown colour, it openeth the belly, and

pare cold phlegmatic and ‘choleric humours, which overburthen aod. nt
_. ftomach,

2 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

ftomach, it is the bafis in almoft all pills, it comforteth, cleanfeth, and dryeth up ,
fuperfluous humours. It may be taken with cinnamon, ginger, mace, galingal, or
anaifeed, to affwage and drive away pains of the ftomach, and to comfort and warm
the ftomach, and expel phlegm; the fame is alfo good againft the jaundice and
fpitting of blood. Aloe made into powder and ftrewed upon new bloody wounds,
ftoppeth the blood and healeth the wound; likewife being applied upon old ulcers,
it clofeth them up, and isa fovereign medicine for ulcers about the fecret parts and
fundament.. The fame boiled with wine and honey, healeth rifts and outgrowings
of the fundament, and ftoppeth the flux of the hemorrhoides, and being applied
with honey, it taketh away black fpots, that come by ftripes or bruifes, it is alfo
good againft inflammations, hurts and {cabs of the eyes, and again{t running and dims
nefs of the fame. Aloes mixed with oil of rofes and vinegar, and laid to the fore+
head and temples affwageth the head ach; the head being often rubbed with aloes
“mixed with wine keepeth the hair from falling off. The fame applied with wine
cureth fores of the mouth and gums, the throat, and kernels under the tongue ; and

outwardly applied it is a good confolidative medicine ; ftoppeth bleeding, and doth
modify and cleanfe all corruption,

MALO. B. A WM.

| uietee is fo well known to be an inhabitant in almoft every garden, that I

Hot need to write any defcription thereof, alth :
many, may not be omitted. __ , although the virtues of it, which are

GovERNMEN :
“flrengthens i = wr ae ; i & an herb under Jupiter, and under Cancer, and
eee Reet es ee fyrup made with the juice of it

To Sai Malt be taught at the latter en; | Coe
Gentlewoman’s houfe, to relieve the we end of the book) be kept in every

re ead a weir Kept dry in the houfe, that fo with other conve-
“a 7 make 7 Into an electuaty with honey, according as the

you Wall be taught at the latter end of the book. ‘The Arabian phy-
ighly extolled the virtues hereof, although the Greeks thought it not
Ey aufech the mind and heart to become merry,
uns Into fwoonings, efpecially of {uch who are overtaken
“th away all troublefome cares and
> OF black choler ;

Cares and thoughts out of the mind —
which Avicen alfo confitmeth. (Ttis
eo = ¥ : Ms that if it be tied to a fword which gave the 4

i

very

ak ftomachs and fick bodies of their poor ‘

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 73

very good to help digeftion, and open obftructions of the brain: ; and hath fuch a
purging quality, faith Avicen, as toexpel thofe melancholy vapours from the {pirits
and blood which are in the heart and arteries, although it cannot do fo in. other, /
parts of the body. ] Dioicorides faith, that the leaves fteeped in wine, and the wine
drank, and the leaves externally applied, is a remedy againft the fting of {corpions,
and the bitings of mad dogs ; and commendeth the decoétion thereof for women to
bathe or fit in, to procure their courfes; it is good to wafh aching teeth therewith, |
and profitable for thofe that have the bloody flux. The leaves alfo with a little
nitre taken in drink, are good againft a furfeit of mufhrooms, helps the griping
pains of the belly, and being made into an electuary,. it is good for them that can-
not fetch their breath with eafe : ufed with falt, it takes away wens, kernels, or hard
{fwellings in the flefh or throat: it cleanfeth foul fores, and eafeth pains of the gout.
It is alfo good for the liver and {pleen. A tanfy or caudle made with eggs, and the
Juice thereof while it is young, putting to it fome fugar and rofe water, is good for
women in child-bed, when the afterbirth is not thoroughly voided, and for their
faintings upon, or after their fore travel./ The herb bruifed and boiled in a litley
wine and oil, and laid warm ona boil, will ripen and break i ie

7 af BARBERRY. <
coe fhrub is fo well known to every boy and girl that hath See attained to the

age of feven years, that it needs no defcription.

_ Government anp Virtues. Mars owns the fhrub, and prefents it to the ufe of
my countrymen, to purge their bodies of choler. The inner rind of the barberry
tree boiled in white wine, and a quarter of a pint drank each morning, is an excel-
Jent remedy to cleanfe the body of choleric humours, and free it from fuch difeafes
as choler caufeth, fuch as fcabs, itch, tetters, ringworms, yellow jaundice, boils, 8c.
It is excellent for hot agues, burnings, fcaldings, heat of blood, heat of the liver,
and bloody-flux ; the berries are as good as the bark, and more pleafing, they get
aman a good ftomach to his victuals, by. ftrengthening the attractive faculty,
which i is under Mars. The hair wafhed with the lye made ‘of the afhes of the tree, ~
and water, will make it turn yellow, viz. Mars’s own colour. The fruit and rind
of this fhrub, the flowers of broom and of heath, or furze, cleanfes the body of ee
ler by fympathy, as the flowers, leaves, and bark of the peach tree do Oy intipathy ;
bene ae are unde — hay, gery Venus.

: being yeatly fown i in i this fad — cia whereof take as followeth,
No. 6. x

-, CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

. Government anv Virtues, It is a notable plant of Saturn, if you view dili. —
- gently its effets by fympathy and antipathy, you may ealily perceive a reafon of
“them, as alfo why barley bread is fo unwholefome for melancholy people. Barley in

all the parts and compofitions thereof, except malt, is more cooling than wheat, —

and a little cleanfing ; and all the preparations thereof, as barley-water, and other
things made thereof, do give great nourifhment to perfons troubled with fevers, —
agues, and heats in-the ftomach. A poultice made of barley-meal or flour, boiled —
in vinegar and honey, and a few dry figs put into them, diffolveth all hard inypoft.
humes, and affwageth inflammations being thereto applied ; and being boiled with
melilote and camomile flowers, and fome linfeed, fenugreek, and rue in powder,
and applied warm, it eafeth pains in the fide and ftomach, and windinefs of the
fpleen. The meal of barley and feawort boiled in water, and made into a poultice —

with honey and oil of lillies, applied warm, cureth fwellings under the ears, throat, i.

neck, and fuchlike ; and a plaifter made thereof with tar,wax, and oil, helpeth

the King’s evil in the throat: boiled with fharp vinegar into a poultice, and laid on
hot, helpeth the leprofy: being-boiled in red wine, with pomegranate rinds and

myrtles, ftayeth the lafk or other flux of the belly: boiled with vinegar and a

quince, it eafeth the pains of the gout. Barley flower, white falt, honey, and vine-

gar mingled together, taketh away the itch {peedily and certainly: the water dif-

. billed from the green barley in the end of May, is vety good for thofe that have des — :

fluxions of humours fallen into their eyes, and eafeth the pains, being dropped into EY
them: or white bread fteeped therein and bound on to the eyes, doth the fame.

Apo arves, o SWEET BASIL.

“) Deserrerio, THE greater ordinary bafilrifeth up ufually with one upright
K, diverfly branching ay

eee forth on all fides, with two leaves, at every joint, which
hat broad and round, yet pointed, of a pale green colour, but frefh, 4
the edges, and of a ftrong heady {cent ‘The flowers are fimall and
the tops of the branches, with two fmall leaves at the joints, in
‘others brown, after which come black feed, The root pe
of winter, and therefore muft be new fown every year.

- Governmen ee eae ene | og

authors differ With refpeét to the qualities of this herb moft
— : ides hold it not fitting to be taken inwardly, %
ov | docs

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 6

does alfo Cryfippus, but Pliny and the Arabian phyficians defend it. For mine own
part I prefently found that fpeech true; Non noftrum inter nos tantas componere lites.
and away to Dr. Reafon went 1, who told me it was an herb of Mars, and under
the Scorpion, and perhaps therefore called bafilicon, and then no marvel if it carries
a kind of virulent quality with it. Being applied to the place bitten by a venomous
beaft, or ftung by a wafp or hornet, it {peedily draws the poifon to it. Every like
draws its like, Mizaldus affirms, that if it be laid to rot in horfe-dung, it will
breed venomous beafts ; and Hollerius, a French phyfician, affirms upon his own
knowledge, that an acquaintance of his by common fmelling to it, had a fcorpion
bred in his brain. Something is the matter, this herb and rue will not grow toge-
ther, no, nor near each other: and we know that rue is as great an enemy to poifon
-as any that grows. To conclude, it expelleth both birth and afterbirth, and as it
aie the deficiency of Venusin one kind, foit {poils all her actions in another,

Ge. BA Y PRE Bs

THIS j is fo well att) that i it needs no defeription i sar moore oped write
the virtues thereof, which are many. ~

GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. I fhall but only add a word or two to what my
friend hath written, viz. That it is a tree of the Sun, and under the celeftial fign
Leo, and refifteth witchcraft very potently, as alfo all the evils old Saturn can do
to the body of man, and they are not a few; for it is the fpeech of one, and I am
miftaken if it were not Mizaldus, that neither witch nor devil, thunder nor light-
ning, will hurt a man in the place where a bay tree is. Galen faith, that the leaves
or bark do dry and heal very much, and the berries more than the leaves. ‘The
bark of the root is lefs fharp and hot, but more bitter, and hath fome aftriction
withal, whereby it is effe€tual to break the ftone, and good to open obftructions of
the liver, fpleen, and other inward parts, which bring the dropfy, jaundice, &c.
The berries are very effectual againft . the poifon of venomous creatures, and the
ftings of wafps and bees, as alfo againft the peftilence, or other infectious difeafes,
and therefore is put into fundry treacles for that purpofe: they likewife procure

women’s courfes; and feven of them given to a woman in fore travel of childbirth,

do caufea fpeedy delivery, and expels the afterbirth, and therefore not to be taken
by fuch as have gone out their time, Jeft they procure abortion, or caufe labous

too foon: they wonderfully help all cold and rheumatic diftillations from the brain ae

to the eyes, lungs, or other: parts ; -and being made into an electuary with honey, do
Helpratie confumption; old coughs, fhortnefs of breath, and thin rheums;- ss,

% Dl

se Water diftilled from the green hufks,

76 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

we
i

the megrim: they mightily expel wind, and provoke urine; helps the mother, —

and kills the worm#: the leaves alfo work the like effects. A bath of the decottion
of the leaves and berries, is fingularly good for women to fit in, that are troubled
with the mother, or the difeafes thereof, or the ftoppings of their courfes, or for the
difeafes of the bladder, pains in the bowels by wind and ftopping of urine. A de-

cottion likewife of equal parts of bayberries, cummin-feed, hyfop, origanum, and —

euphorbium, with fome honey, and the head bathed therewith, doth wonderfully
help diftillations and rheums, and fettleth the palate of the mouth into its place,
The oil made of the berries is very comfortable in all cold griefs of the joints,
nerves, arteries, ftomach, belly, or womb, and helpeth palfies, convulfions, cramps,
aches, trembling and numbnefs in every part, alfo wearinefs, and pains that come by
fore travellings: all grief and pains likewife proceeding from wind, either in the
head, ftomach, back, belly, or womb, by anointing the parts affected therewith;

and pains in the ears are alfo cured by dropping in fome of the oil, or by receiving

into the ears the warm fume of the decottion of the berries through a funnel. The

oil takes away marks of the fkin and fleth by bruifes, falls, &c. and diffolveth the
congealed blood in them : It helpeth alfo the itch, feabs, and wheals in the fkin,

cctias, ESSA TS 5 A NS,

~ 80TH the garden and field beans are fo

_ writing any defcription of them. a

GovERNMENT AND Virtus. They are plants of Venus :

of the flowers of garden beans,

: “wrinkles, and the meal or flour of them, or the fmall bean doth the fame. The

and to provoke urine. Bean flour is

§ Upon wounds, and the fwelling

and tepreffeth their milk

kernels of the ears,

of women’s breafts caufed by the curdling of

or have received an
> he. fkin being

a, Soe and fomeoil put thereto, eafeth bot
Biss * huiks boiled in water to a a :

well known, that it faveth me labour ot

: and the diftilled water —
1s good to cleanfe the face and fkin from fpots and —

is held to be very effeGtual againft the ftont,
ued in poultices, to aflwage inflammations —

« The flour of beans and fenugreek mixed
bruifes, or blue marks by blows, or theiifi-
of ~ = them all: and with rofe leaves, frank:
=o St egg being applied to the eyes, helpeth them that a —
y blow upon them, if ufed with wine. 14
| taken away, and laid on the place where 4 —

oe
——

rm
Water Betony Woed Beaony

Lblishil tet the act Dreety

AND COMPLETE HERBAL; , 79

third part thereof, ftayeth a lafk, and the athes of the hufks made up with old hog’s
greafe, helpeth the old pains, contufions and wounds of the finews, the {ciatica, and.

gout. . The field beans have all the aforementioned virtues asthe garden beans. |

Beans eaten are extreme windy: meat, but if after the Dutch fathion, when they are |

is

half boiled, a a hufk them and ftew eigen nd are ag aes foods

je 49. 7° FR EN OHS B aii a N BR CS

te es

rs Bee as te THIS French or ‘Rideay Beal arifeth up fat -* but with ‘one:

ftalk, which afterward divideth. itfelf into. many arms or branches, but all fo weak,.
that if they be not fuftained with fticks | or poles, they will lie fruitlefs upon the
ground ;, at feveral places of thefe branches grow forth long foot-ftalks, with every
one of them: three broad, iv. and pointed green leaves at the end-of them, ‘to-
ne forth divers flowers made like unto:

¥ > fruit will be ¢ of, that is to fay, white, yel-

oe ? ame

le but white i s the moft ufval 5 after which

it, and perifheth every year.
“There is alfo another fort of French beans commonly growing with us in this
Jand, which is called the fcarlet. flowered bean. This arifeth up with fimdry
: 5 as tl ¢ rother, § bur Fons up 5 to the length of ‘hop-poles, about which

1 ‘ary to > the fans Pd have ‘foor-ftalks with

| =F bot |

: ipe and dry: 3 the oye fi AA alfo it winter. ee, || el
GovERNMENT AND Virtuss.. Thefe alfo belong to Venus, and being dried and
beat to ee are ly > ge of the kidnies st

j _*'
ne

| ‘lenge w

I But t hey sy
No. 6.

the fafhion OF 7 a UB iney. 3 the root is long, foreadech wich inliny tings annexed io

& » ot “te

e afe-blofioms, of :

ig with a ftring as it were

»

Joints : if the decodtion be

38 CULPEPER’: ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

ry iy}
AV 4
4g

hue Sys Fb ED -S TR A W.

. _ i
2 Le i

BESIDES the common name above written, it is called cheefe rennet, becaufe it
performs the fame office ; as alfo gallion, pertimugget, and maid’s hair, and by fome,
wild rofemary.

Description. This rifeth up with divers fmall, brown, and {quare upright ftalks, ©
a yard high, or more, fometimes branched forth into divers parts, full of joints,

and with divers very fine {mall leaves at every one of them, little, or nothing rough
at all: at the tops of the branches grow many long tufts or branches of yellow
flowers, very thick fet together, from the. feveral joints which confift of tour leaves
each, which {mell fomewhat ftrong, but not unpleafant : the feed is {mall and black
like poppy feed, two for the moft part joined together ; the root is reddifh with.
many fimall threads faftened unto it, which take ftrong hold of the ground, and
creepeth a little; and the branches leaning a little down to the ground, take root
at the joints thereof, whereby it is eafily encreafed.

‘There is alfo another fort of lady’s bed-ftraw growing fiequently in England,
which beareth white flowers as the other doth yellow ; but the branches of this are
fo weak Sead onc it be fuftained by the hedges, or other things near which it
groweth, it will lie down on the ground:

the leaves are a little bigger than the
pa | Na ee fo plentiful as thofe ; and the root hereof is alfo

—Puace. They grow in
fides of hedges.
Timez. They flo

meadows and paftures, both wet and dry, and by the |

Saat Adsid wer in sand Ba the moft bert and the feed is ripe in July

_ Government anp Virtors,

They are both herbs of Ven
‘neth t Bess Oe 4 of Venus, and therefore
a pier oe external which fhe rules. The decoétion
‘tayerh ‘inward Ha Re: beet = fret and break the ftone, provokes
Hi sre tm healeth inward wounds: the herb or flowet -

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, | oD

Sintment, it helpeth the dry fcab, and the itch in children : and the herb with the
¢white flower is alfo very good for the finews, arteries, and joints, to comfort and
ftrengthen them after travel, cold, and pains.

B.E & -:..S*.

Description. OF beets there are two forts, which are beft known generally, and
whereof I fhall principally treat at this time, viz. the white and red beets; and

their virtues. |

The common white beet hath many great leaves next the ground, fomewhat large,
and of a whitifh green colour ; the ftalk is great, ftrong, and ribbed, bearing great
ftore of leaves almoft to the very top of it: the flowers grow in very long tufts,
{mall at the ends, and turning down their heads, which are {mall, pale, greenith,
yellow burs, giving cornered prickly feed. The root is great, long, and hard, and
when it hath given feed, is of no ufe at all. :

The common red beet differeth not from the white, but only it is lefler, and the
leaves and the roots are fomewhat red: the leaves are differently red, in fome only
with red ftrakes or veins, fome of a freth red, and others of a dark red. - The root
hereof is red, fpungy, and not ufed to be eaten. wis / : ,

GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. The government of thefe two forts of beets are
far different; the red beet being under Saturn, and the white under Jupiter ; there-
fore take the virtues of them apart, each by himfelf. The white beet doth much
loofen the belly, and is of a cleanfing, digefting quality, and provoketh urine:
the juice of it openeth obftructions both of the liver and fpleen, and is good tor the
head ach, and fwimmings therein, and turnings of the brain; and is effe@ual alfa
again{t all venomous creatures ; and applied to the temples, ftayeth inflammations in
the eyes ; it helpeth burnings being ufed without oil, and with a little allum put to
it, is good for St. Anthony’s fire. It is alfo good for all wheals, puthes, blifters,

92 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

_ and blains in the fkin ; the herb boiled, and laid upon chilblains or kibes, helpetty ye :
them : the decoction thereof in water and fome vinegar, healeth the itch, if bathed
therewith, and cleanfeth the head of dandriff, feurf, and dry fcabs, and doth much
good for fretting and running fores, ulcers, and cankers in the head, legs, or other
parts, and is much commended againft baldnefs and fhedding of hair.

The red beet is good to ftay the bloody flux, women’s courfes, and the whites,.
and to help the yellow jaundice. The juice of the root put into the noftrils, purgeth:
the head, helpeth the noife in the ears, and the tooth ach; the juice fnuffed up the
nofe, helps a ftinking breath, if the caufe lies in the nofe, as many times it doth, if
any bruife have been there, as alfo want of fmell coming that way.

“y foo
Bie

za

eo
CALLED alfo broomwort, and in Yorkfhire, bifhop’s leaves. ~ a
Description. Firft, of the water betony, which rifeth up with Grae: hard, a
greenith ftalks, fometimes brown, fet with broad, dark green leaves, dented about
the edges with notches, fomewhat refembling the leaves of the wood betony, but
muca larger, two for the moft part fet at a joint ; the flowers are many, fet at the tops —
Of the ftalks and branches, being round bellied, and open at the brims, and divided
“Into wo parts, the uppermoft being like a hood, and the lowett like a lip hanging we
: of a dark red. colour, which preffing away, there comes in their places {mall
ree heads with fmall points i in the ends, wherein Jie {mall and brownifh feeds: —
Fad root isa thick buth of ftrings and threads growing from the head, 4
Peace. Te groweth by ditch-fides, brooks, and other water-courfes, generally
through this Jand, and is feldom found far from the water-fides.
Ping. Tt flowereth about July, and the feed is ripe in Auguft. a
“ol Aw Virtues. Water betony isan herb of Jupiter in Cancer, and
ted more to wounds and hurts in the breaft than wood betony, which
2 excellent remedy for fick hogs. Itis of a cleanfing quality ; the
it ed, are effedtual for ait cold sgh aan and ay

WATER BETON y*«

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, |! Bt

I confefs I do not much fancy diftilled waters, I mean fuch waters as are diftilled

cold ; fome virtue of the herb they may happen to have, it were a ftrange thing elfe,

but this | am confident of, that being diftilled in a. pewter {till, as the vulgar fafhion

is, both chemical oil and falt is left behind, unlefs you burn them, and then all is
{poiled, even the water, which was good for as little as can be by fuch a diftillation. ©

BY «00» B.E Tt 0- ny,

Se ses seeicn, THE common or wood betony hath many leaves rifing from the
root, which are fomewhat broad and round at the ends, roundly dented about the
edges, ftanding upon long footftalks, from among which: rife up fmall, fquare, flen-
der, but yet upright hairy, ftalks, with fome leaves thereon, two ‘apiece at the
joints, fmaller than the lower, whereon-are fet feveral fpiked -heads of flowers like la-
vender, but thicker and fhorter for the moft part, and’ of a reddifh or purple colour,
{potted with white fpots both in. the upper .and. lower part.: the: feeds being con-
tained within the hufks that hold the flowers, are blackifh, « /fomewhat. ‘long
and uneven. The roots are,many.white, thready ftrings ; the ftalk. perifheth, but
the root with. fome leaves PSHE, abides all the winter. ne whole plant is
fomewhat fmall. |

Piace. It groweth frequently. in woods, and delighteth ir in, Hie places.

Time. And. it flowereth in July, after which the feed is quickly ripe, yet is in
its prime in May.

GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. _ This herb is appropriated to, the planet Jupi-
ter, and under.the fign Aries. Antonius Mufa, phyfician to the emperor Auguftus
Czfar, wrote.a peculiar book onthe virtues of this herb ;,and amongt ozher.vire
- tues, faith of it, that it, preferveth. the lives and bodies of men from the, danger of
_ -epidemical difeafes, and from .witchcrafts alfo. It) isfound by-daily experience to
be.good for, many difeafes ;. it helpeth thofe that loath, -or-cannot digeft. their meat,
thofe that have weak ftomachs, or four: belchings, -or-a continual rifing in their
_ftomach, ufing it, familiarly either, green or dry ;,either.the herb or root, or the -
‘flowers. drank in: broth, or meat,, or made, into conferve, fyrup, water, electuaty,
oor, powder, .as every one may. beft. frame themfelves ,wnto,.or,as the time or feafon
requireth: taken any of the aforefaid ways, it helpeth the jaundice, falling fick-
nefs, the palfy, convulfions, or fhrinking of the finews ; the gout, and thofe that
are inclined to dropfiess and thofethat have continual pains in their head, although.
it turns to phrenfy, The : powder, mixed, with, pure honey, is no lefs available for alk
= forts. of coughs | or colds, wheeli 1g, or fhortnefs of. breath, diftillations of thin SS.
es _ Fheum upon. ‘the Jungs, which. caufeth confumptions: The Seenttion aan pe
0,9. Z

82 CULPEPER's ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

mead anda little pennyroyal, is good for thofe that are troubled with putrid agues,
whether quotidian, tertian, or quartan, and to draw down and evacuate the blood — :
and humours that by falling into the eyes doth hinder the fight: the decoCtion
thereof made in wine and taken, killeth the worms in the belly, openeth obftruc-
tions both of the liver and fpleen, cureth ftitches and pains in the back or fide, ther ~
torments and griping pains of the bowels, and the wind cholic; and mixed with |
honey purgeth the belly, helpeth to bring down women’s courfes, and is of fpecial
ufe for thofe that are troubled with the falling down of the mother, and pains there-
of, and caufeth an eafy and fpeedy delivery of women in child birth ; it helpeth
alfo to break and expel the ftone either in the bladder or kidnies. The decoétion
with wine, gargled in the mouth, eafeth the tooth ach ; it is commended againtt
the ftinging or biting of venomous ferpents or mad dogs, being ufed inwardly and
applied outwardly to the place. A dram of the powder of betony taken witha —
little honey in fome vinegar, doth wonderfully refrefh thofe that are over wearied
by travel; it ftayeth bleeding at the mouth or nofe, and helpeth thofe that pifs or
Spit blood, and thofe that are burften or have a rupture, and is good for fuch as
are bruifed by any fall or otherwife. The green herb bruifed, or the juice applied
to any inward hurt, or outward green wound in the head or body, will quickly
heal and clofe it up; as alfo any veins or finews that are cut, and will draw forth —
~any broken bone or fplinter, thorn, or other thing gotten into the flefh; it is no lefs
profitable for old fores, or filthy ulcers, yea, though they be fiftulous and hollow,
but fome do-advife to ‘put a little falt to this purpofe :
hog’s lard, it helpeth a plague-fore, and other boils and pufhes : the fumes of the.
‘decoétion while it is warm, received by afunnel into the ears, eafeth the pains of

s them, deftroyeth the worms, and cureth the running fores in them; the juice
“dropped into them, doth the fame. The

being applied with a litde

* : mee : y. virtues Antonius Mufa a a Srirg ssctoall .
rages “*Y Precious herb, that is certain, and very proper to. be kept in a man’s

joule, Doth 1 =e and plaifter. The flowers are ufually :

= fyrup, conferve, oil, oint

__ oN treating of this tree, you mutt underftand that 1 beech,

iGheh Ci beaue ‘T mean the great maft beets
= sa Be ae fat other mall rough for, called in Sule HE

eady fo well known to my countrymen, — eee: eee eae

PLACE

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 83

Pract. It groweth in woods amongft oak and other trees, and in parks, faretiey
and chafes, to feed deer, and in other places to fatten fwine.

Time. It bloometh in the endof April, or beginning of May for the moft part,
and the fruit is ripe in September.

GovERNMENT AnD Virtues. It is a plant of Saturn, and therefore performs —
his qualities and properties in thefe operations : the leaves of the beech tree are cool-
ing and binding, and therefore good to be applied to hot {wellings to difcufs them ;
the nuts do much nourith fuch beafts that feed thereon. The water that is found
in the hollow places of decaying beeches, will cure both man and beaft of any fcurf,
fcab, or running tetters, if they be wafhed therewith. You may boil the leaves into
a poultice, or make an ointment of them, wt the time of year ferves.

LIO BILBERRIES.

THIS herb is alfo called by fome, whorts, and whortle-berries.

Description. Of thefe, I fhall only fpeak of two forts, which are commonly
Known in England, viz. the black, and red bilberries: And firft of the black. __

This fmall bufh creepeth along upon the ground, fearce rifing half a yard high,
with divers {mall dark green leaves fet on the green branches, not always one againft
another, and a little dented about the edges; at the foot of the leaves come forth
{mall hollow, pale, bluth coloured flowers, the brims ending in five points, witha
reddifh thread in the middle, which pafs into fmall round berries, of the bignefs and
colour of Juniper berries, but of a purple fweetith tharp tafte; the juice of them
giveth a purpleifh colour to their hands and lips that eat and handle them, efpecially
if they break them. The root groweth aflope under ground, pentite forth in fun-
dry places as it creepeth: it lofeth its leaves in winter.

The red bilberry or whortle bufh, rifeth up like the former, hivings foley te harder
leaves, like the box tree leaves, green and round pointed, ftanding on the feveral
branches ; at the tops whereof only, and not from the fides as in the former, come
_ forth divers round flowers, of a pale red colour, after which fucceed round, reddifh,
fappy berries, which when ripe are of a fharp tafte: the root runneth in the Broads
as in the former,. but the leaves of this abide all the winter.

Pracz.. The firft groweth in forefts, on the heaths, and fuch like barren plaek ;
the red grows in the northern parts of this land, as Lancafhire, Yorkfhire, &c.

Time. They flower i in March and April, and the fruit of the black is ripe in eo

June and July ae
GoveRNMENT AND. ars: They are under the dominion of J opted Iti

~~

% CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

pity they are ufed no more in phyfic than they are. The black bilberries are Good
in hot agues, and to cool the heat of the liver and ftomach ; they do lomewhat bind
the belly, and ftay vomitings and loathings : the juice of the berries made into a fy- 4
: rup, or the pulp made into aconferve with fugar, is good for the purpofes afore.
faid ; as alfo for an old cough, or an ulcer in the lungs, or other difeafes therein,
The red whorts are more binding, and ftop women’s courfes, { pitting of blood, or
any other flux of blood or humours, being ufed as well outward] y as inwardly,

ww Md

Description,

BYFOIL, oo TWAYBLADE.

THIS fmall herb from a root fomewhat fweet, thooting down- :

wards many long ftrings, rifeth up a round green ftalk, bare or naked next the 4
-Sround for an inch, two or three to the middle thereof, .as it is in age or growth, -
~ 4s alfo from the middle upwards to the flowers, having only two broad plantane-like- f

leaves, but whiter, fet at the middle of the ftalk, one againft another, and CO
paffeth it round at the bottom of them.

Pace. Itis an ufual inhabitant in woods,

‘this land. ye

. There is another fort grows in wet grounds and marfhes, which is fomewhat dif- C
fering from the former: it is a {maller plant, and greener, having fometimes three ~
leaves; the fpike of flowers is lefs than the former, and the roots of this do run of f

_ €reep inthe ground, |
They are much ‘and often ufed
green and old, and to confolidate o

coppices, and in many other places in q

by many to good purpofes, for wounds both 7
t knit ruptures, being a plant of Saturn. |

pk 7
Lo
SEA BIRCH. TRE Gp

ee 1 DEscutPrion. THIS groweth a Soodly tall ftraight tree, fraught with many
- . PONBAS and “branches. bending downward, the old
a ree SQ unger being: much! browner - the leaves at firft
Stee afte ike the beech leaves, but fmaller-and |
= about the edges : it fmall fhort catkins, fomewhat like —
tree,-which abideth on

2 2 the branches a ‘time, until grown
-and their feed with them, e i ae

eee O. the juice of the leaves while —
Sm OFthe water that ‘comes 'out of the tree, be- :
ce eee ing

AND COMPLETE HERBAL; $5

ing bored with an augur, and diftilled afterwards; any of thefe being drank for
fome time together, is available to break the {tone in samy. kidnies or bladder, and is
good alfo to wath fore mouths *.

| Ltt AL
HOA ff sv» FOOT. Zit

THIS fmall herb groweth not above a fpan high, with many branches {pread up-
on the ground, fet with many wings of {mall leaves; the flowers grow upon the
branches, many fmall ones of a pale yellow colour being fet at a head together,
which afterwards turn into fmall jointed cods, well refembling the claws of fmall
birds, whence it took its name.

There is another fort of bird’s foot in all things like the former, but a little larger,
- the flowers of a pale whitith red colour, and the cods diftin& by joints like the other,
but a little more crooked, and the roots do carry many {mall white knots or kernels
amongft the ftrings.

-Puacez. Thefe grow on heaths, apd 3 in many open uncultivated sein in this land.

Time. They flower and feed in the end of fummer. ©

GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. They belong to Siesta, he is are of a aden, bind: |
ing quality, and thereby very good to be ufed in wound drinks, as alfo to apply |
outwardly for the fame purpofe. But the latter bird’s foot is found by experience to
break the ftones in the back or kidnies, and drive them forth, if the decoétion there-
of be taken ; it alfo wonderfully helpeth the rupture, being taken inwardly, and out-

wardly applied tothe place.
All falts have beft operation upon the fon, as ointments and plaifters have ied

* The leaves-of the birch-tree are hot and dry, cleanfing, refolving, opening, and bitter ; for
which reafon they are of no {mall ufe ina dropfy, the itch, and the like. The bark is bituminous,
and is therefore mixed with perfumes that are fo correét the air. The fungus of it has an aftringent
quality, upon which account it ftops blood miraculoufly. This tree, in the beginning of fpring,
before the leaves come forth, being pierced, yields plentifully a {weet and potulent juice, which
fhepherds, when they are thirfty, often drink i in the woods. — Tracus, Hetmont, Cuarie-
TON, and others, commend the virtues and efficacy of this liquor, and not undefervedly, for the |
ftone in the kidnies and bladder, for bloody urine, and the ftranguary. This tree begins to yield
its juice about the middle of February, and fometimes not till the beginning of March. Tragus
alfo commends it for the jaundice. Some wath their faces with i it, to take off {pots and beautify é
the fkin. Dr. Needham ee fcorbutic confumptions with it; he ufed to mix with i it good wine

and permitted to dry on, _ = me fe:
No. 7. 2A

77g, 00 the upper iad oF aro eee

: 85 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

wounds; and therefore you may make a falt of this for the ftone, the way to prepare Z
it will be given in plainer terms in the Di/pen/atory, at the latter end of this book,

at ae re ee

_ BESIDES the common name Bifhop’s weed, it is ufually known by the Greek
name, ammi, and amios; fome call it AEthiopian cummin feed, and others cummin
royal; as alfo herb william, and bulwort. |
Description. Common bifhop’s weed rifeth up with a round ftalk, fometimes as —
high as a man, but ufually three or four feet high, befet with divers fmall, long, and —
fomewhat broad leaves, cut in fome places and dented about the edges, growing one —
-againft another, of adark green colour, having fundry branches on them, and at.
the top fmall umbels of white flowers, which turn into fmall round brown feed, litle —
bigger than parfley feed, of a quick hot feent and tafte. The root is white and —
ftringy, perifhing yearly after it hath feeded, and ufually rifeth again of itsown —
fowing. ;

Prace. It groweth wild in many places in England’ and Wales, as betweeh
- Greenheath and Gravefend. ‘3

_GoveRNMENT AnD Virtues. It is hot and dry in the third degree, of a bittet s
tafte, and fomewhat tharp withal, it provokes luft, (I fappofe Venus owns it)
it digefteth humours, provoketh urine and womens? courfes, expelleth wind, and bee
“ing taken in wine, eafeth pains and Stipings in the bowels, and is good againft the —
_bitings of ferpents ; it is ufed to good effett in thofe medicines which are yiven 0
hinder the poifonous operation of cantharides upon the paffage of the urine: being
< mixed with honey, and applied to black or blue marks coming of blows or bruifes, :
it takes them away : and being drank or outwardly applied, it abateth high colout

Sad makes it pale, and the fumes thereof taken with rofin or raifins, cleanl-

the mother,
ceca pin Sper, ‘dragon wort, ofterich, a0 :

fear hath a thick, hort, knobbed root, blackith without, a
» alittle crooked or turned together, of an harfh aftringe
Sih ae, thereto, from whence {pring up every
footttalks, being fomewhat broad and long lis
ends, but thar it is of a bluith green colout
wok Stey Somewhat tinged with purple per

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: Ry

neath, with divers veins therein; from among which rife up divers fmall and flen-
der ftalks, two feet high, and almoft naked and without leaves, or with very few,
and narrow, bearing a {piky bufh of pale flefh coloured flowers, which being patt,
there abideth {mall feed, fomewhat like forrel feed, but larger. .

There are other forts of biftort growing in this land, but fmaller both i in height,
root, and ftalks, and efpecially in the leaves. The root is blackifh without, and
fomewhat whitifh within, of an auftere binding tafte, as the former. |

Prace. They grow. in fhadowy moift woods, and at the foot of hills, but ate
chiefly nourifhed up in gardens. The narrow leaved biftort groweth in the north ;

in Lancafhire, Yorkfhire, and Cumberland.

Time. ‘They flower about the end of May, and the feed is ripe about the be-
ginning of July. 7
GOVERNMENT AND Virtugs, It belongs to Saturn, and is in operation cold
anddry. Both the leaves and roots have a powerful faculty to refitt all poifon: the
root in powder taken in drink, éxpelleth the venom of the plague, the fmall pox, |
‘meafles, purples, or any other infectious difeafe, driving it out by {weating; the
“decoétion of the root ‘being drank in wine, ftayeth all manner of inward bleedings :
or fpittings of blood, and any fluxes in the body of either man or woman, or vomit-
ing. It is alfo very available againft ruptures, or burftings, or bruifes, or falls,
diffolving the congealed blood,. and eafeth the pains that happen thereupon ; it alfo
helpeth the jaundice, The water diftilled from both leaves and root, is a fingular
remedy to wafh any place bitten or ftung by any venomous creature; as alfo for any
of the purpofes before fpoken: of ; and is very good. to wath any. running fores or
ulcers. The decoétion of the root in wine being drank, hindereth abortion or mif-
carriage in child bearing. The leaves alfo kill the worms in children, and is a great
“help for them that cannot’ ‘keep their water; if the} Juice of plantane be added thereto,
and outwardly applied, it much helpeth the gonorrhea, or running of the reins. A
dram of the powder of the root taken in the water thereof, wherein. fome red hot
fron or fteel hath been quenched, is alfo an admirable elp thereto, fo as the body
be firft prepared and purged from the offenfive humours. The leaves, feed, or
roots are all very good in decoétions, drinks, or. tions. for inward or outward
wounds or other fores ; and the powder. f ftrewed ‘up !

on any cut or wound in a vein,
ftayeth the immoderate bleed ; the decoction of the roots in water where-

with fome pomegranate peels. ‘a flowers are : added, injected i into the matrix, ftayeth

the accefs of humours to the ulcers thereof, and bringeth it to its right place, being

_ fallen down, and ftayeth the: erate flux of the courfes. The root hereof with
beligory of Spain and ay, allum, of each a little ys beaten f wall

-@ --CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

into” a pafte with fome honey, an and a little piece thereof put into an hollow tooth, of :
held between the teeth, if there be no hollownefs in them, ftayeth the defluxion
s rheum_ ‘upon them, » which caufeth. pain, and helps to cleanfe the head, and: ve
| much offenfive water. The diftilled water is very effectual to wath, fores or cane
in the nofe, or any other part, if the powder of the root be applied thereunto re
) - wards, Mi is good alfo to fatten: the | gums, and » ‘to take away the heat and inflam
; | aan that happen i in the j jaws, almonds of the throat, or mouth, if the decoétion |
| __ of the leaves, roots, or feeds bruifed, or the juice of them be applied ; but the roots ;
are rare effectual to the parents giorelaid.

sie en = Here
.

i
A weal os

a ee

ROT? ike ra ea at ‘the top of theeffalk grow many fmall a
1, » finelling fomewhat {weet ; after which. comes | {mall reddith berries wh

_ The root sire of ae fize of a rath, lying and creeping rE.
the eatth, fhooting

z ide
Septet de =.

: ere of in powder, taken in wine ane”
. ‘the party pr ently laid tof 5 hale tobe

a
Ht
Fr
Q
ae
oe

ed with the plague, and have a fore U;
er pif a and eng ts = dns and {pirits from #

tue l2Z

Burdock Luck wheat

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 85

buds, leaves, and branches while they are green, are of good ufe in the ulcers and
putrid fores of the mouth and throat, and for the quinfey; and likewife to heal other
frefh wounds and fores': but the flowers and fruit unripe are very binding, they are
alfo profitable for the bloody flux and lafks, and a fit remedy for fpitting of blood.
Either the decoétion or powder of the root being taken, is good to break or drive
forth gravel, and the ftone in the reins and kidnies. The leaves and brambles as
well green as dry, are excellent good lotions for fores in the mouth or fecret parts ;
the decoétion of them and of the dried branches, do much bind the belly, and are
good for too much flowing of womens’ courfes; the berries or the flowers are a
powerful remedy againft the poifon of the moft venomous ferpents, as well drank as
outwardly applied, helpeth the fores of the fundament, and the piles; the juice of
the berries mixed with juice of mulberries, do bind more effectually, and helps fret-
ting and eating fores and ulcers wherefoever. The diftilled water of the branches,
leaves, flowers, or fruit, is very pleafant in tafte, and very effectual in fevers and hot
| diftempers of the body, head, eyes, and other parts, and for all the purpofes afore-
faid. The leaves boiled in lye, and the head wathed therewith, healeth the itch,

and the running fores thereof, and maketh the hair black. The powder of the
leaves itrewed on cancers and running ulcers, doth wonderfully help to heal them.
Some condenfate the juice of the leaves, and fome the juice of the <sipeie to keep
for their ule all the year, for the purpoles aforefaid. ;

Description. OF thefe there are two forts commonly known, viz. ‘white and
red. The white hath leaves fomewhat like unto beets, but fmaller, rounder, and of
a whitith green colour, every one ftanding upon a {mall long foot-ftalk ; the ftall
riféth up two or three feet high, with fuch like leaves thereon ; the flowers grow at
the top in long round tufts or clufters, wherein are contained fimell a feed :

_ the root is very full of threads or ftrings.

‘The red blite is in all things like the white, hove that his leaves and t\fted heads
are exceeding red at the firft, and after turn more purple. : |
There are other kind of blites which grow wild, differing from the two former ie
forts but little, only the wild are fmaller in every part. “a *
S: £. They growin gardens, and wild in many places of this land,
"Te They feed in Auguft and September.
| GoveRNMENT AND Virtuss. They are all of them cooling dram a bindis
= ferving to reftrain the fluxes of blood 1 in either man or woman, efpecially the
which alfoftayeth the overflowing of women’s reds, as the white blite
No.7. 2B a ?

go CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

whites in women. It is an excellent fecret, you cannot well fail in the ufe; they are
_all under the dominion of Venus.

There is another fort of wild blite, fomewhat like the other wild kinds, but have
long {pike heads of greenifh feed, feeming by the thick fetting together to be all feed,
This fort the fihhes are delighted with, and it is a good and ufeful bait.

tf
| LO 90% 5 6% ann BUGLOSS,.

THESE are fo well known to be inhabitants of every garden, that I hold it needs
lefS to deferibe them.

To thefe I may add a third fort, which is not fo common, nor yet fo well known, |
and therefore I fhall give you its name and defcription.

3 Name. ‘Tt is called langue-de-beef, but why they fhould call one herb by the name ,
of buglofs, and another by the name of langue-de-beef, is to me a queftion, feeing.
one fignifies ox-tongue in Greek, and the other fignifies the fame in French.

Description. The leaves thereof are {maller than thofe of buglofs, but much —
rougher, the ftalk rifing up about a foot and a half high, and is moft commonly
_ of a red colour, the flowers ftand in icaly rough heads,

{mall yellow flowers, not much unlike to thofe of the dan
_- away in dowmas that doth

being compofed of many

delion, and the feed flieth
s_you may eafily know the flowets by the tafte, for they

“Tusiz. They flower in June and Ju

+e ae

them

heat in fevers. The juice
‘orefaid, and is put with
= ions, and help the yellow

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. gt

Gia to comfort the heart and fpirits of thofe that are in a confumption, or troubled
with often fwooning, or paffions of the heart ; the diftilled water is no lefs efe&ual
to all the purpofes aforefaid, and helpeth the rednefs and inflammations of the eyes
being wafhed therewith; the dried herb is never ufed, but the green ; yet the afhes
thereof boiled in mead, or honey water, is available again{t inflammations and ulcers
in the mouth or throat, to wafh and gargle it therewith. The roots of buglofs are
effectual, being made into a licking eleCtuary for the cough, and to condenfate thin
phlegm, and rheumatic diftillations upon the lungs.

Le » ise

IT is called fyanus, I fuppofe from the colour of it; hurt fickle, becaufe it turns
the edge of the fickles that reap the corn; blueblow, corn- flower, and blue-bottle.

' Description, I fhall only defcribe that which is mott common, and in my opi-
nion moft ufeful : its leaves {pread upon the ground, being of a whitith green co-
lour, fomewhat cut on the edges like thofe of corn-{cabious, among which rifeth up
a {talk divided into divers branches, befet with long leaves of a greenith colour,
either but very little indented, or not at all; the flowers are of a blue colour, from
whence i it took its name, confifting of an innumerable company of fmall flowers, fet
in a fcaly head, not much unlike thofe of knapweed,; the feed is fmooth; bright,
and fhining, wrapped up in a woolly mantle: the root perifheth every year.

Pracr. They grow in corn fields, amongft all forts of corn, peafe, and beans,
but not in tares; if you pleafe to take them up from thence, and tran{plant them
in your garden, efpecially towards the full of the Moon, they will ary more double |
than they are, and many times change colour.

“Time. They flower from the beginning of May, to the end of ‘apie ts

GovernMENT and Virtues. As they are naturally cold, “dry, and binding, fo
are they under the dominion of Saturn. The powder or dried leaves of the blue-
bottle or corn-flower, is given with good fuccefs to thofe that are bruifed by a fall,
or have broken a vein inwardly, and void niuch blood a at the mouth ; being taken i in
the water of plantane, horfetail, or the greater comfrey, it is a remedy againft the |
poifon of the fcorpion, and ‘refifteth all venom: and poifons : the feed or leaves.
taken i in wine is very good. againft. the plague, and all infectious difeates, and is

y good in peftilential fevers. “The j juice put into frefh or green wounds, doth |
quickly clofe the lips of them together, and i is very effectual to heal all ulcers and | |
fores in the n Sie out! 15 thej juice dropped into the eyes, taketh away the heat and. ine =

rhs the liftilled water of ‘the herb snes the’ fame’ Pe erties
may “be uted for the effeats scien :

- BRANK |

92 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Vos ie ee URSINE.

BESIDES the common name brank urfine, it is alfo called bear’s breech, and
acanthus, though I think our Englifh names more proper, for the Greek word
acanthos fignifies any thiftle whatfoever.

Descriwtion. This thiftle thoots forth very many large, -thick, fad green, {mooth
leaves upon the ground, with a very thick and juicy. middle rib; the leaves are
parted with fundry deep gathes on the edge; the leaves remain a long time before
any ftalk appears, afterwards rifeth up a reafonable big ftalk three or four feet high,
and bravely decked with flowers from the mididle of ‘the ftalk upwards, for on the
lower part of the ftalk there is neither branch nor leaf; the flowers are hooded and
gaping, being white in colour, and ftanding in brawnilh hufks with a {mall, long,
undivided leaf under each leaf ; they feldom feed in our country ; its roots are many,’
great, and thick, blackifh without and whitith within, full of a clammy fap; if

you fet a piece of them in a garden, defending it from the firft winter’s cold, it will
grow and flourifh. 3
3 PLace.
very well. |
Tames Te flowereth in June and July.
: -) Government AND Virtues. It is an excellent plant under the dominion of the
Moon I could wifh fuch as are ftudious would labour to keep it in their gardens.
“Tes tea " ing ‘boiled and ufed in clyfters, are exceeding good to mollify the belly,
and make the paflages flippery; the decoétion drank, is excellent good for the
bloody flux’; the leaves being bruifed and rather boiled, and applied like a poultice,
ee ‘are exceeding good to unite broken bones, and ftrengthen joints that have been put
Out; the decoction of either the leaves or rots being drank, and the decoéted leaves
: to the place, is excellent good for the king’s evil that is broken and runneth,
influence of the Moon it reviveth the ends of the veins which are relaxed;
a better remedy to be applied to fuch Places as are burnt with fire ©
*heth out the fire, and heals it without a {ear s it is alfo an ex-
a8 are buriten, being either taken inwardly or applied to the
a helps the cramp and the gout; it is excellent good in
radical moifture to fach as are in conf

They are only nurfed up in gardens in England, where they will grow

—s

umptions,

a and our lady’s feal; the white is

Descrip-

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 93°

Dzscription. The common white briony groweth ramping upon the hedges,
fending forth many long, rough, very tender branches at the beginning, with many
very rough, broad leaves thereon, cut for the moft part into five partitions, in form
very like a vine leaf, but fmaller, rougher, and of a whitish or hoary green colour,
f{preading very far, and twining with its {mall clafpers that come forth at the joints
with the leaves, very faft on whatfoever ftandeth next to it 5 at the feveral joints alfo,
efpecially toward the tops of the branches, cometh forth a long {talk bearing many
whitifh flowers, together in a long tuft, confifting of five fmall branches each, laid
open like a ftar ; after which come the berries, feparated one from another more than
a clufter of grapes, green at the firft, and very red when they are thorough ripe; of
no good fcent, and of a moft loathfome tafte, provoking vomit: the root groweth
to be exceeding great, with many long twines or branches growing from it, of a pale.
whitifh colour on the outfide, and more white within, and of a fharp, bitter, loath-
fome tafte. Z

Prace. It groweth on banks, or under hedges, through this land, and the roots
ns ne oe ee Tie ne ee

Time. In flowereth in July and Augutt, fome earlier and fome later than other.

Government anp Virtuzs, They are furious martial plants*: the roots of
briony purgeth the belly with great violence, troubling the ftomach and burning the
liver, and therefore not rafhly to be taken; but being corrected, is very profitable
for the difeafes of the head, as falling ficknefs, giddinefs, and {wimmings, by draw~
ing away much phlegm and rheumatic humours that opprefs the head, as alfo the
joints and finews, and therefore good for palfies, convulfions, cramps, and ftitches in
the fide, and the dropfy ; and in provoking urine, it cleanfeth the reins and_kidnies |
from the gravel and ftone, by opening the obftruétions of the fpléen, and confum-
eth the hardnefs and fwellings thereof. The decottion of the root in wine drank -
once a week at going to bed, cleanfeth the mother, and helpeth the rifing thereof,
expelleth the dead child for fear of abortion; a drachm of the root in powder taken
in white wine, bringeth down their courfes ; an electuary made of the roots and ho-.

Spor em,

" Ifthe juice be tempered with the meal of vetches or fenugreek, or boiled in oil till it be con
fumed, it will take away black or blue fpots, and Galen affirmeth it is a plant profitable for Tan- :
ners to thicken their leather hides with.—The root {pread upon a piece of theep’s cath er,
in manner of a plaifter, whilft it is freth and green, takes away black or blue marks, and all fears.
and deformities of the fkin; it breaks hard apofthumes, draws forth {plinters and broken bones,

gealed blood, and being laid on and ufed upon the hip, or huckle-bone, fhoulders,

diffolves congeale
-+ arms, or any other part where there is great pain, it takes it away in a fhort {pace, and
wary cHCclaallys Fee eee 2 ne te

No. 7: 3 a mS

age

.

4% CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

ney; doth mightily cleanfe the cheft of rotten phlegm, and wonderfully helpeth an
old ftrong cough, thofe that are troubled with fhortnefs of breath, and is very good.
for them that are bruifed inwardly, to help to expel the clotted or congealed blood ®
the leaves, fruit, and root, do cleanfe old and filthy fores, are good againft all fret-’
’ ting and running cankers, gangrenes, and tetters, and therefore the berries are by.
fome country people called tetter-berries. The root cleanfeth the fkin wonderfully’
from all black and blue fpots, freckles, morphew, leprofy, foul {cars, or other defor-’”
mity whatfoever ; as alfo all running fcabs and manginefs are healed by the powder
of the dried root, or the juice thereof, but efpecially by the fine white hardened
juice : the diftilled water of the roots worketh the fame effects, but more weakly ¢
the root bruifed and applied of itfelf to any place where the bones are broken, help- —
_ eth to draw them forth, as alfo fplinters and thorns in the flefh; and being ap-
plied with a little wine mixed therewith, it breaketh boils, and helpeth whitlows
on the joints. :
For all thefe latter complaints, beginning at fores, cankers, &c. apply it out-
wardly, and take my advice along with you; you fhall find in the Difpenfatory
among the preparations at the latter end, a medicine called fecula brionia, take
that and ufe it, you have the way there how to make it,
| greale, or other convenient ointment, and ufe it at your
__ Asfor the former difeafes, where it muft be taken in

and mix it with a little hog’s
need. .
wardly, it purgeth very vio-

~ dent 2 and Hisga eae hand to correct it than moft country people have, there-
SS ae eee them, in my opinion, to let the fimple alone, and take the
_ Compound’ water of it, mentioned in my difpenfat ti fafe,

being wifey c i 2 pe > and that is far more fate,

a a creeping root, that fhooteth forth ftrings at
lundry green ftalks, round and {appy, with fome

Boe ty + Tound, deep, green, and thick leaves fet by :
om whereof thot forth long footitalks, with fundry

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 05

GovERNMENT AND Virtues. It is a hot and biting martial plant: brooklime
and water-crefles are generally ufed together in diet drinks, with other things,
ferving to purge the blood and body from ill humours that would deftroy health,
and are helpful for the feurvy : they do alfo provoke urine, and help to break the
‘ftone and pafs it away; they provoke women’s courfes, and expel the dead’ child.
Being fryed with butter and vinegar, and applied warm, it helpeth all manner of
tumours, fwellings, and infammations.

Such drinks ought to be made of fundry herbs according to the malady offending,
I thall give a plain and eafy rule for that purpofe, at the latter end of this book.

YEA wuorveunnrs BROOM.

IT is called rufcus, and brufcus, knee-holm, knee-holly, knee-hulver, and
pettigreee.

Description. The firft fhoots that fprout from the root of butcher’s broom, are
thick, whitifh, and fort, fomewhat like thofe of afparagus, but greater ; they rifing
up to be a foot and a half high, are fpread into divers branches, green and fome-
what crefted with the roundnefs, ‘tough and flexible, whereon are fet fomewhat
bread, and almoft round hard leaves, and prickly pointed at ‘the ends, of a dark
green colour, two for the moft part fet ata place, very clofe or near together ; ; about
the middle of the leaf on the back and lower fide from the middle rib, breaketh
forth a fmall whitifth green flower, confifting of four fmall round pointed leaves,
ftanding upon little or no footftalk, and in the place whereof cometh a {mall round
berry, green at the firft, and red whenit is ripe, wherein are two or three white, hard,
round feeds contained; the root is thick, white, and great at. the head, and from
_ thence fendeth forth divers thick, white, long, tough ftrings. Bees

-Prace. It groweth in coppices, and on heaths and waite grounds, and ‘ObreD.
times under or near the holly buthes.

Trme. It fhooteth forth its young buds in the cae: and the hee a are ripe in
or about September ; the branches or leaves abiding green all the winter, :

_ GovERNMENT AND Virtues. It isa plant of Mars, _ being of a gallant cleanfing
etal opening quality; the decoétion.of. the roots. ‘made with wine, openeth obftruc-
tions, provoketh urine, helpeth to expel gravel, and the ftone, the ftranguary, and
womens’ courfes, as alfo the yellow jaundic ¢, and the head ach , and with fome ho-
mey or fugar 45 therein, cleanfeth the breaft of phlegm, and the chet of much af
¢lammy humour red therein ; the decottions of the root drank, and a poulti ae
made of the berries and leaves, being applied, are effectual in knitting and confol
Snive broken bones, or r parts out of joint, The common way of —_ i, is

96 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

the roots of it and parfley, and fennel, and fmallage, in white wine, and drink the =
decoction, adding the like quantity of grafs-roots to them: the more of the roots
you boil, the ftronger will the decoction be; it works no ill effects, yet L-hope you ~
have wit enough to give the firongeft decoction to the ftrongeft bodies.

MIG BROOM ad BROOMRAPE,

TO {pend time in writing a defcription hereof is altogether needlefs, it being
fo generally ufed by all the good houlewives almoft through this land to fweep
their houfes with, and therefore very well known to all forts of people.

_' The broomrape fpringeth up on many places from the roots of the broom, but
more often in fields, or by hedge-fides, and on heaths. The ftalk whereof is of the
bignefs of a finger or thumb, above two feet high, having a fhew of leaves on

them, and many flowers at the top, of a deadith yellow colour, as alfo the ftalks
and leaves are.

Pace. They grow in many

{poil all the land they grow in,
Time.

places of this land commonly, and as commonly —

or decoction of the young branchesor
rink, purgeth downwards, and draweth
oints, whereby it helpeth the dropfy, pe
and joints: It alfo provoketh ftrong vomits,
and fwellings of the fpleen, cleanfeth alfo the
the. ftone, provoketh urine abundantly, and
e ftone in the body. The continual ufé of the es
cure the black jaundice : The diftilled water
the fame purpofes: It alfo helpeth furfeits, and
= SEUSS, if three or four ounces thereof, with as much of the water
centsury, and a little fugar put therein, be taken a little before the ft
party be laid down to fweat in their bed. The oil or water that is
$ of the Green fticks heated ‘in the fire, helpeth the tooth ach.
ing branches made into an ointment of old hog’s greate and
, ee bruifed and heated in oil or hog’s greafe, and laid
nakg ttitches, or the fpleen, eafeth them in once or twice
iy is the fafeft and fureft medicine to kill lice in the if
pec’ Temedy for joint-achs and fwoln knees —

The .

AND COMPLETE HERBAL; 97

The broomrape alfo is not without its virtues. The decoétion thereof in wine is
thought to be as’ effectual tovavoid the ftone in the kidnies and bladder, and to pro-
_ voke urine, as the broom itfelf. The juice thereof is a fingular good help to cure
as well green wounds, as old and filthy fores and malignant ulcers ; the infolate oil
wherein there has been three or four repetitions of infufion of the top {talks with the
flowers {trained and cleared, cleanfeth the fkin from all manner of {pots, marks,
and freckles, that arifeeither by the heat of the fun, or the malignity of humours,
As for the broom and broomrape, Mars owns them, and it is exceeding prejudicial |
to the liver, I fuppofe by reafon of the antipathy between Jupiter and Mars, there-
fore if the liver be difaffected, adminifter none of it.

Wj BUCKSHORN PLANTANE,

Description. THIS being fown of feed, rifeth up at the firft with fmal}, ame
narrow, hairy, dark green leaves, like grafs, without any divifion or gafh in them ;
but thofe that follow are gafhed in on both fides the leaves into three or four gathes,
and pointed at the ends, refembling the knags of a buck’s horn, whereof it took its
name; and being well grown round about the root upon the ground, in order one
by another, thereby refembling the form of a ftar, from among which rife up di-:
vers hairy ftalks, about a hand breadth high, bearing every one a fmall, long, fpiky ©
head, like to thofe of the common plantane, having {uch like bloomings and feed
after them: the root is fingle, long, and fmall, with ftrings at it.

“Pract. They grow in dry fandy ground, as in Tothill-fields, Weftmintter, and

many other places in this kingdom.
Time. They flower and feed ‘in May, June, and July, and their = nig in

a manner abide ¢ green all the winter.
GovERNMENT AND Virtues. It is under the démindew of ates alle hea a

- gallant drying and binding quality : this boiled in wine and drank, and fome of the
leaves applied to the hurt place, is an excellent remedy for the biting of the viper or
adder, which I take to be one and the fame; the fame being alfo drank, helpeth
ENO EhliPaire troubled With the Rone Gh the’ tein oridkiditien/‘by-cooling the heat of
the parts afflicted, and ftrengthening them ; as alfo weak ftomachs that cannot res
tain, but caft up their meat ; it ftayeth all bleedings at the mouth and nofe, bloody |
utine, or the bloody flux, and ftoppeth the. Jafk of the belly and bowels: the leaves _
hereof bruifed and laid to their fides that have an ague, fuddenly eafeth the fit; and
the leaves anc ‘roots beaten with fome bay falt and applied to the wrifts, worketh the
fame effects ; the herb boiled imale or wine,
ings together, ftayeth the diftillations of hot and fharp rheums falling into the eye:
from the head, and helpeth all forts of fore eyes, ie ae
No. 8. - 2D “nockS:

; and given for fome mornings andevens 3

a re and fometimes of an afh colour,

33 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN, -

YvyT' peo KS HORN.

IT is called hartfhorn, herbaftella, and herbaftellaria, fanguinaria, herb-eves
herb-ivy, wort-creffes, and fwine-crefles.

Description. It has many fmall and weak ftraggling branches trailing here and
there upon the ground; the leaves are many, fmall, and jagged, not much unlike
co thofe of buckthorn plantane, but much fmaller, and not fo hairy: the flowers

grow among the leaves in fmall, rough, whitifh clufters ; the feeds are fmaller and
brownifh, and of a bitter tafte.

Pace. They grow in dry, barren, fandy grounds.

Time. They flower and feed with the other plantanes.

GoveRNMENY AND Virtugs, This is alfo under the dominion of Saturn: the
virtues are held to be the fame as buckthorn plantane, and’ therefore by all au-

thors, it is joined with it: the leaves being bruifed and applied to warts, will make
them coniume and watte away in a fhort time.

OSC s 0's eR

BESIDES the name bugle, itis called middle-confound, and middle-comfrey,
brown bugle, and by fome ficklewort, and herb Carpenter, though in Suffex we call
another herb by that name,

_ Description. This hath larger leaves than thofe of the felf-heal, but elfe of es
; ee or rather a little longer, in fome green on the upper fide, and in others —
Br a aie oy: as es edges, fomewhat hair y. as the fquare ftalk is alfo,
frothy thE tniddle aim ‘ = high fometimes, with the leaves fet by couples;
poe ra : whereof upwards ftand the flowers together, with many-
rapes ae caves than the reft on the ftalk below, fet at diftances, and

are between them; among which flowers are alfo, fmall ones of a bluifh,
fafhioned like the flowers of the ground-ivy, after :

hich come fall, round, *blackith feed: the root is compofed of many ftrings, a
Upon the ground i in divers parts round about.

are differeth not in form or greatnefs from the former, Caving th that b
3 and never brown like the other, and the

_— are always green,

Browsin woods, coppices, and fields generally throughout Engl 3
wered bugle is not fo plentiful as the former, _
from May till July, and in the mean time perfect their fed:
See - Upon the ground abiding all the winter. aie: |
of i sake you in love with ES, This herb is belonging to Venus, if the virtues
a it, (as they will if you are shins np a fyrup of ge
€

AND COMPLETE HERBAL 99

and an ointment and plaifter of it to ufe outwardly, always by you.
The decoétion of the leaves and flowers made in wine and. taken, diffolveth the
congealed blood in thofe that are bruifed inwardly by a fall or othe
effectual for any inward wounds, thrufts, or ftabs in the body or
. {pecial help in all wound drinks, and for thofe that are liver grown, as they call it. It
is wonderful in curing all manner of ulcers and fores whether new and frefh, or old
and inveterate, yea, gangrenes and filtulas alfo, if the leaves are bruifed and applied,
or thejuice ufed to wath and bathe the places ; and the fame made into a lotion with
fome honey and allum, cureth all fores of the mouth or gums, be they never fo foul,
or of long continuance; and worketh no lefs powerfully and effectually for fuch ul-
cers and fores as happen in the fecret parts of men or women. Being alfo taken in-
wardly, or outwardly applied, it helpeth thofe that have broken any bone, or have
any member out of joint. An ointment made with the leaves of bugle, fcabious, _
and fanicle bruifed and boiled in hog’s greafe until the herbs be dry, and then
{trained forth into a pot, for fuch occafions as fhall require it, is fo fingular good for
all forts of hurts in the body, that none who know its ufefulnefs. will be without it.
The truth is, I have known this herb cure fome difeafes of Saturn, of which I have
thought good to quote one. Many times fuch as give themfelyes much to drinking,
are troubled with ftrange fancies and fights in the night time, and fome with voices,
as alfo with the difeafe epbialies, or the mare; I take the reafon of this to be, ac-
cording to Ferwettus, a melancholy vapour made thin by exceffive drinking ftrong
liquor, and fo flies up and difturbs the fancy, and breeds imagination like itfelf,
i. . fearful and troublefome. Thefe 1 have known cured by taking only two fpoon-
fuls of the fyrup of this herb. about two hours after fupper, when you go to bed :
but whether this is done by fympathy or antipathy is rather doubtful ; all that know
any thing in aftrology, know that there is a great antipathy between Saturn and
Venus in matters of procreation, yea, fuch a one, that the barrennefs of Saturn can
_ be removed by none but Venus, nor the luft of Venus be repelled by any but Sa-
turn ; but I am not yet of opinion it is done this way; my reafon is, becaufe thefe
vapours, though in quality melancholy, yet by their, flying upward feem to be
fomething zerial, therefore I rather think it is done by fympathy, Saturn being

take inwardly,

rwile, and is very
bowels, and is a

pe is. alfo called fanguiforba, pimy sit e la, bipenula, folbegrella, &c, Common

dene at it needeth no defcription, byt there is another
fore which ie ie Basics Maca ck -

ee cote of f g ; ; j ORs
~ =A atic pe og oa =
-

1o CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Description, The gréat wild burnet hath winged leaves rifing from the roots
like the garden burner, but not fo many, yet each of thefe leaves are at leaft twice
as large as the other, and nicked in the fame manner about the edges, of a greyith
‘colour on the under fide ; the ftalks are larger and rife higher, with many fuch like’
leaves fet thereon, and greater head at the tops, of a brownifh green colour, and out
of them come fmall, dark, purple flowers, like the former but greater : the root is
black and Jong like the other, but alfo greater; it hath almoft neither {cent nor
tafte therein like the garden kind.

Piace. The firft grows frequently in gardens ; the wild kind groweth in divers

i

counties of this Kingdom, efpecially in Huntington and Northamptonfhires in the —

meadows there; as alfo near London by Pancras church, and by a caufeway fide in
the middle of a field by Paddington.

_Trate. They flower about the end of June and beginnning of July, and their
feed is ripe in Augutt. a

co a. ; ee wae
Government anv Virtues, Tt is an herb the Sun challengeth dominion over,
and is a moft precious herb, little inferior to betony ; the continual ufe’of it preferves

the body in health, and the {pirits in vigour ; for if the Sun be the preferver of life.

under God, his herbs are the belt in the world
be both of one property, but’ the leffer is the moft effectual, becaufe quicker and.

ys it is a fpecial help to defend the heart from noifome vapours,
peftilence; the juice thereof being taken in fome drink, and
They have alfoa drying and an aftringent qua-

are available in all manner Of fluxes of blood or humours, to

er of the diftilled herb,

3 lafks, fcourings, the bloody flux, women’s 00

aS al no lefs fectual both to ftop fluxes and dry up
oe = Posaet inwa dly in wine or fteeled water, that >
‘Rave been quenched, Or the powder of the feed mixed

BUT:

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 40K

yy Mik kae BUR.
THIS herb is alfo called petafitis. | ’
Description. . It rifeth up in February, with a thick ftalk about a foot high,
whereon are fet afew {mall leaves, or rather pieces, and at the tops a Jong fj piked head
of flowers, of a blufh or.deep.red colour, according to the foil wherein it groweth ;
and before the ftalk. with the flowers have abidden a month. above ground, will be
withered and gone, and blown away with the wind, and the leaves will begin to fpring,
which being full grown are very large and broad, being fornewhat thin and almoft
round, whofe thick red footftalks, about a foot long, ttand towards the middle of
the leaves; the lower part being divided into two round parts, clofe almoft one to ano-
ther, and of a pale green colour, and hoary underneath : the root is long and fi pread-
ing under the ground, being in fome places no bigger than one’s finger, i in others
larger, rather blackifh on the outfide and white. within, and of a very bitter and
unpleafant tafte.
~ Prace anv Time. They. grow.in low, and wet grounds by ri rivers and water fides ;
‘thei!’ flowers (as is faid) ities and, deraving in Eeby ar} and. March, before the
leaves which appear in April. re ay
’ GoVERNMENT AND Vabuair It is samen a Aodtinion of the Son ak Eierebbice
“js a great ftrengthener of the heart, and chears the vital fpirits*. Its roots are by
Jong experience! found to be very available againft the plague and peftilential fevers,
-by provoking fweat; if the. powder thereof be taken in wine, it alfo refifteth the
force of any:other, poifon: the root taken. with zedoary and angelica, or without
.them, “helps the rifing of the mother; the decoction of the root in wine, is fingular
good for thofe that wheeze much, or are fhort winded ; it provoketh urine alfo and
womens’ courfes, and killeth the fat and broad worms in the bélly ; the powder of
the root doth wonderfully help to dry up the,moifture of fores that are hard to be
cured, and taketh away. all {pee and blemithes of the Akin, ae

Pe

2 BOO ENS RAS BF a8 Srey

“THEY a are: salfo called perfonata, bardonay | lappa major, great Burdoen: and clot- .

cinaie ss At is fo.well known. even. to the Jigtle t boys. who pull off the burs to throw" a

“ftick on each other, that I Mail omit wens, any defeription of it.

* The excelent F vcnstvs, in. his eee this hert; is moft exprefs, ceil records its virtues
fe fevers 3 3 and this he {peaks not from tradition, but his own experience. —

. Were it needful ‘to prove the | fun gives Tights” tis fcarce lefs —— or lefs obvious, than that ae 2 AG 5 :

FEVEES, «PAF of a: Sok spate?

“oot beyond all things el eures peli
No. 8, , joie oe 2E weet th im Qin em

ie CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Prace. It grows plentifully by ditches and water-fides, and by the highways,
almoft every where throughout this land. ; -
GovERNMENT AND Virtues. Venus challengeth ‘this herb for her own, and by

its feed or leaf, you may draw the womb which way ‘you pleafe, either upward by
applying it to the crown of the head, in cafe it falls out, or downward in fits of the
mother, by applying it to the’foles of the feet; or if you would ftay it in its place,
‘apply it to the navel, and that is likewife a good way to ftay the-child.in it: the bur
leaves are cooling, moderately drying, ‘and difcuffing withal, whereby it is good for
old ulcers and fores. A drachm of the roots taken with pine kernels, helpeth them
that {pit foul, mattery, and bloody'phlegm; the leaves applied to the places trou-
bled with the fhrinking of the finews ‘or arteries, give much eafe: the juice of the
Teayes, or rather the roots themfelves given to drink with old wine, doth wonderfully —
help the bitings of any ferpents, and the root beaten with a lictle falt, and laid on the
place, fuddenly eafeth the pain thereof, and helpeth thofe that are bit with amad._-

log: the juice of the leaves taken with honey, provoketh urine, and remedieth the
‘pain of the bladder: the feed! being drank in‘wine'forty days together, doth wonder-
‘fully help the fciatica: the leaves bruifed with the white ofan egg, and applied:to
any place burnt with fire, taketh out the fire, gives fudden eafe, and heals it-up af-
‘terwatds. The decoction of them fomented on any ‘fretting fore or canker, ftayeth
the cotroding quality, which’ muft be afterwards anointed. with an ointment made of
‘the fame liquor, ‘hog’s greafe, nitre, and vinegar boiled:together. Its roots may be
‘preferved with fugar, and taken fafting, or at other times for-the faid. purpofes, and
for confumptions, the ftone, and the’ lafk : the feed is much commended to break
the ftone, and caufes it to be expelled by urine, and’ is oftenufed with other feeds,
we chnge tp thay purpble, 3

< ED -Ceee oR MA cr,
- Names, IN mot counties of England this grain goeth by the general name of

| French wheat, as in Hamphhire, Surry, Berkthire, Wiltthife, and. Buckingham-
Abire, and ef pecia arren parts of the cou vk

TION. Tt rifeth up with divers round hollow reddith ftalks, fee-with di-

Thang tttfon a fal, which ig broad and round, and lie forked atthe

bottom, fimall and poinced at the end, fomew vhat doth refemable an ivy leaf, but is
: ct Ae pe COT is ality et ate a fofter

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 103

fbfter in handling, at the top of the {talks come forth divers clufers of final white
flowers, which turn into fmall three cornered blackith feed, with a white pulp.”
therein : the root is fmall and thready, s 3

Prace and Time. It is faid to have its original birth place in Arabia, whereby
it had the Latin name Srumentum farafenicum, and was tranfplanted from thence into
Italy, but now is very commonly fown in moft of our northerr&\counties, where
for the ufe and profit made of it, many fields are fown theréwith, it'is not ufually
fown before April, and fometimes in May, for at its firft fpringing up, a frofty night

Kills it all, and fo it will do the flowers when it bloffoms, it is ripe at’ the latter end
of Augutt, or the beginning of September, and will grow in a dry, hungry ground,
for which it is held as good as a dunging, Te Tee
GovERNMENT AND Virtuzs. This grain is attributed to Venus, it doth nourifh
lefs than wheat, rye, or barley, but more than miller, or panic, and the bread or
cakes made of the meal thereof doth eafily digeft, and foon pafs out of the ftomach,

though fome hold to the contrary ; it giveth {mall nourifhment, though not bad, and
is withal a little latulént or windy, yet country people in divers parts of Germany
and Italy, do feed hereon as almoft ‘their only bread-corn, and are {trong and lufty
perfons, following hard labour ; the bread or cakes made thereof, are'pleafant, buc
do fomewhat prefs or lie heavy an the ftomach. I never knew any bread er cakes

made of it. for people to eat in this country, but it is generally ufed to fatten h 0g
and poultry of all forts, which it doth very exceedingly and quickly : the phyfical
ufes of it are thele, it provoketh urine, increafeth milk, loofeneth the belly, dnd
being taken in wine, is good for melancholy perfons ; the juice of the leaves drop-
38S f Bs oes 8 t wel’ .jcIDI Ce Cie s as

3 PEP ORE EY op
(iNet ip & 5 7c

ped into the eyes, cleareth the fight.

> oe. 2 = AC K BIN Dp Bi E E D.
“Naae. IT is alfo called with-wind, |
Description, Blackbind-weed bath fmooth red branches, very fmall, like

eth.

_ «Gteatthreads, wherewith it wrappeth and windeth itfelf about trees, hedges, ftakes,

£ es = ee
ans. every, thing it can, lay hold, upon s the leaves are like to ivy, but fmaller and
more. sender,.the flowers are white and. very fall, the feed is black, triangled or

othree {quare, growing thick together, every {eed is inclofed and covered with a thin

+ Saleh me eae

in 5. the root is alfo fmall and tender as athread, |
i eS 2 patti = op Sea}. S 2 gp ei ee OF

Vaso :
PAeAE PO Et F DEE sd

Non Re Pt SS tae : ; delat = rt ie
Prace. It groweth in borders of, ficlds and gardens, about hedges and ditches,
And amongtt herbs. |

Mis At delivereth its feed in Auguft and September, and Aras Be

Th
_ witheth,

-wukhsy .

Govzrn-

104 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. Bind-weed is a plant of Mercury, of a hot na-
ture, and of fubtil parts, having power to diffolve; the juice of the leaves being
dnuik. do loofen and open the belly ; and being pounded, and laid to the grieved
place, diffolveth, wafteth, and confumeth hard f{wellings,

Gb: BALSAM TREE,

THE Arabians call it Zale ofan, the Greeks Barca, and the Latins balfamum ; the —
liquor they call epobalfamum, tne. berries or fruit of the tree carpobalfamum, and the
dprigs or young branches thereof xglab aljamuns. ,
Duscriprion. The balfam or balm tree, in the moft natural places where it
Sroweth, is never very great, feldom more than eight or nine feet high, and in fome
“places much lower, with divers {mall and ftr aight flender branches iffuing from
them, of a brownifh red colour, efpecially the younger twigs, covered with a dou-
‘ble bark, the red firtt and a green one under i it, which are of a very fragrant {mell,
and of an. aromatical quick tafte, fomewhat aftringent and gummy, cleaying to the
fingers ; the wood under the bark is white, and as infipid as any other wood, on :
thefe branches come forth fparfedly ‘and without order, many ftalks of winged. leaves,
fomewhat like unto thofe of the mattic tree, the loweft and thofe that firft come forth
-Confifting but of three leaves, others. of - five or feven leaves, but feldom more;
[Which are fet u couples, ae lowelt fmallett, and the next bigger, and the uppermoft

fmelling | and tafting fomewhat like the bark

Ee St fo, ‘and abide < on the bufhes all the year, the %

“pore are maily and fmall, ‘fland | by three together on {mall ftalks at the ends of
the branches, made of fix {mall whi

ith, hard berries, little bigger than j
the fides, and very like unto the be
Q having a yellow honey-like fubita

juniper berries, {mall at both ends, creftedon
rries of the turpentine tree, of a very fharp fcent, as
nee in them, fomewhat bitter, but aromatical i ne
“ “and biting on the tongue lik the opebalfamum 5 from the. body hereof being

re ifueth forth a liquor (which fometimes floweth without fcarifying) of@

tith safe at the firft, but afterwards groweth | oily, and is fomewhat

and of fo fharp a fcent that i it will pierce'the noftrils of 2
3 itis almoft: — unto oil 0

“Hike honey 0 or brown ck
Prace ano Time, 7 =
~ known to: grow, ae :

te leaves apiece, after which follow {mall brown-

NG

YD,

“

wno vile

ft ae
; Slow Car hee
Red Carrot oe bein Mee

larduins benedictys

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 105

_ and fandy grounds about them, and the country of the Sabeans adjoining next there-
_ unto; and from thence tranfplanted into India and Egypt: it likewife grew on the
hills of Gilead. It is reported, that the Queen of Sheba--brought of the balfam-.

trees to Solomon, as the richeft of her prefents, who caufed them to be planted in

orchards, in the valley of Jericho, where they flourifhed, and were tended and
yearly pruned, until they, together with the vineyards in that country, were de:
ftroyed by that monfter of mankind, the favage beaftial Turk, + flowereth in the
fpring, and the fruit is ripe in autumn. ¢

Government anv Virtuzs. This balfam tree is a folar plant, of tempera-

ture hot and dry in the fecond degree, and is {weet in fmell, being of thin parts, but oa

the liquor or opobalfamuns is of more thin parts than the plant itfelf ,; the fruit or ber-
ries is very like it in quality, but far inferior thereunto i in the fubtilty : the liquor or

opobalfamum i is of good ule againft all poifons or infeCtions,: both vipers, ferpents, and -

{corpions, the peftilence and {potted fever, and other putrid, and intermiffive agues
that ye from polkrnctions, and crude cold humours, to take a {cruple or two in

~ “eee of the liver an Liple een, % nddig d’digel C ¢ raw humours i in them, cherifh .
ing the vital fpirits, radical me heat in them, and is very effectu:

on; for this openeth the ob- — |

in cold griefs and difeafes ot head Sf ftomach, | helping the fwimmings and turn ae

_ ings of the brain, weak memories and falling ficknefs, it cleareth the eyes of films or

fins, and eafeth pains in the ears: it helpeth the cough, fhortnefs of breath, and,

confumption of the lungs, warming and drying up the diftillations of theums upon | 7
Ry , anc i all other difeafes of the ftomach proceeding of cold, or wind ; the cold or -
tte: pe bers rs of the boweliy womb, or mother, which caufe —— or t pains, ae

réins and kidnies, and expelleth. che ftone and gravel ee is fingular good eit he

pele c a age 3 meer es of the finews, and green wounds,

_ thatec ae. at all, may ¢ cy it ee :
ally fo well known that i ai

6 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

- GoveERNMENT AND Virtues. The cabbages or coleworts boiled gently in broth,
and eaten, do open the body, but the fecohd decoction doth bind the body: the
juice thereof drank in wine, helpeth thofe that are bitten by an adder, and the de.
cottion of the flowers bringeth down womens’ courfes. Being taken with honey, it
recovereth hoarfenefs or lofs of voice ; the often eating of them well boiled, helpeth —
thofe that are entering into a confumption : .the pulp of the middle ribs of colewort
boiled in almond milk, and made up into an electuary with honey, being taken
often, is very profitable for thofe that are purfy or fhort winded ; peing boiled twice, |
and an old cock boiled in the broth, and drank, helpeth the pains and obftruttions

_ . of the liver and fpleen, and the ftone in the kidnies ; the juice boiled with honey,
and dropped into the corner of the eyes, cleareth the fight by confuming any film or
cloud beginning to dim it; it alfo confumeth the canker growing therein, They
are much commended being eaten before meat to keep one from furfeiting, as alfo :
from being drunk with too much wine, or quickly make a drunken man fober; for,
as they fay, there is fuch an antipathy or enmity between the vine and the colewort,
that the one will die where the other groweth. The decoction of coleworts taketh :
away the pain and achs, and allayeth the fwellings of fwoln and gouty legsand
Knees, wherein many grofs and watery humours are fallen, the place-being bathed
therewith warm ; it helpeth alfo old and filthy fores, being bathed therewith, and
healeth all fmall feabs, pufhes, and wheals that break out in the fkin; the athes of
colewort ftalks mixed with old hog’s greafe, are very effectual to anoint the fide ot ;
_ thofe that have had long pains therein, or any other place pained with melancholy ih
and windy humours. Cabbages are extreme windy, whether you take them as met
or as medicine, but colewort flowers are fomething more tolerable, and the whol
fomer food of the two. The Moon challengeth the dominion of the herb. goes

bL SEA COLEWORT. "eg
Description. THIS hath divers fomewhat long, broad, large, thick, wrinkled

| crumpled upon the edges, growing each upon a feveral thick fooctally
a greyifh green colour 5 from among which rifeth up a ftrong thick

Or more, with fome leaves thereon to the top, where it.

onevery branch ftandeth a large buth of pale whitifh flowers, CO
“Seach: the root is fomewhat great, and fhooteth forth mail
= x ceping the green leaves all the winter. y e
in many places upon the fea coafts, as well on the Kentills

.

“1° in Kent, Colchefter in Effex, and divers others pla

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, | 107

Time. They flower and feed about the time the other kinds do.

GOVERNMENT AND VirTuEs. The Moon claims the dominion of thefe allo.
The broth, or firft deco¢ction of the fea colewort, doth by the fharp, nitrous, and bit-
ter qualities therein, open the belly. and purge the body, it cleanfeth and digefteth
more powerfully than the other kind; the feed hereof bruifed and drank, killeth
worms: the leaves of the juice of them applied to fores or ulcers, cleanfeth and
healeth them, diffolveth fwellings, and taketh away inflammations.

eg ROU ao

IT is called alfo mountain mint.

Descriprion. It is a fmall herb, feldom rifing above a foot high, with fquare,
hairy, and woody ftalks, and two {mall hoary leaves fet at a joint, about the bignefs
of marjoram, or not much bigger, a little dented about the edges, and of a very
fierce or quick fcent, as the whole herb is: the flowers ftand at feveral fpaces of the
ftalks, from the middle almoft upwards, which are {mall and gaping like the com-
mon mint, and of a pale blufh colour ; after which follow fall, round, blackith
feeds ; the root is fmall and woody, with divers {mall {fprigs fpreading —. the
ground : it dieth not, but abideth many years.

_Prace. It groweth on heaths, and upland dry grounds, in many counties of this
kingdom.

Time. They flower in July, and their feed is ripe quickly after.

GovERNMENT AND Virtues. It is an herb of Mercury, and a ftrong one too,
therefore excellent good in all afflictions of the brain; the decoétion of the herb be-
ing drank, bringeth down womens’ courfes, and provoketh urine ; it is profitable
for thofe that are burften, or troubled with convulfions or cramps, with fhortnefs of
breath, or choleric torments or pains in the belly or ftomach ; it alfo helpeth the
yellow jaundice, and being taken in wine, ftayeth vomitting ; taken with falt and
honey, it killeth all manner of worms in the body; it helpeth fuch as have the le-
profy either taken inwardly, drinking whey after it, or the green herb outwardly ap-
plied ; ic hindereth conception in women, being either burned or ftrewed in the
- ghamber, it driveth away venomous ferpents. It takes away black and blue marks
in the face, and maketh black fears become well coloured, if the green herb be
boiled in wine, and laid to the place, or the place wafhed therewith: being applied
to the huckle-bone, by continuance of time it fpendeth the humours which caufes
the pain of the {ciatica; the juice dropped i into the ears, killeth the worms in them;
the leaves boiled i in wine and drank,. provoketh {weat, and openeth obftructions of

the liver and fpleen s sit helpeth them that have a tertian ague, the body being firft — 2

ae : : purged, =

108 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

saith by taking away the cold fits; the decoction hereof, with fome fugat put.
thereto, is very profitable for thofe that are troubled with the overflowing of the
gall, and alfo for thofe that have an old cough, and that are fearce able to breathe by —
~~ fhortnefs of their wind; that have any cold diftemper in their bowels, and are trou-
bled with the hardnefs of the fpleen, for all which purpofes both the powder called
“Diacaluminthes, and the compound fyrup of calamint, (which are to be had at the
apothecaries) are moft effectual. Let not women be too bufy with it, for it works
very violently upon the feminine part. .

CH AM OM DoL£.

IT is fo well known every where, that it is but loft time and labour to defcribe ir, —
The virtues thereof are as followeth :
A decoétion made of chamomile and drank, taketh away all pains and ftitches in
the fides ; the flowers of chamomile beaten and made up into balls with oil, driveth
away all forts of agues; if the party grieved be anointed with that oil taken from —
the flowers, from the crown of the head to the fole of the foot, and afterwards laid
to {weat in his bed; this is Nicuessor, an Egyptian’s medicine. It is profitable for
ali forts of agues that come either from phlegm or melancholy, or from an inflam-
mation of the bowels, being applied when the humours caufing them fhall be con-
_ cocted; and there is nothing more profitable to the fides and region of the liver
_and fpleen that it; the bathing with a decoction of chamomile, taketh away weati-
nefs, eafeth pains to what part of the body foever they be applied ; it comforteth the —
finews that are overftrained, mollifieth all {wellings ; it moderately comforteth all
parts that have need of warmth, digefteth and diffolveth whatfoever hath need there-

ee of by a wonderful fpeedy property. It eafeth all the pains of the cholic and ftone, :
AS Eertiall pains and torments of the belly, and gently provoketh urine: the flowers

boiled in poffet drink, provoketh fweat, and helpeth to expel colds, achs, and pains

refoever, and is an excellent help to bring down women’s courfes; a fyrup —
the juice of chamomile with the flowers and white wine, is a remedy againit
and dr opfy; the flowers boiled in lye, are good to wath the head, and
andthe brain; the oil made of the flowers of chamomile, is much —
ard fwellings, pains, or achs, fhrinking of the finews, or cramps, —
me oF apy other part of the body ; being ufed in clyfters, it help-
and pains in the belly ; anointed alfo, it helpeth ftitches and —

ny eae oe ee Egyptians, dedicated it tothe Sun be it cured aguess |

and they were Hic ee the Sun becaufe it cure ie

eee ‘to doit, for they are the moft fuperftitious people in theit
se ae religion

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 109

religion I ever read of. Baccuinus, Pena, and Lozez, commend the fyrup made
of the juice of it and fugar taken inwardly, to be excellent for the {fpleen. Alfo
this is certain, that it moft wonderfully breaks the ftone; fome take it jn fyrup
or decoction, others inject the juice of it into the bladder with a fyringe: my opinion
is, that the falt of it taken half a drachm in the morning, in a little white or rhenifh
wine, is better than either; that it is excellent for the ftone, appears in this which
I have feen tried, viz. That a ftone that hath been taken out of the body of a
man, being wrapped in chamomile, will in a fhort time diffolve. ee

WATER CALTROPS

THEY are called alfo, tribulus aquaticus, tribulus lacuftris, tribulus marinus, cal-
trops, faligot, water nuts, and water chefnuts.

Dsecription. As for the greater fort, or water caltrop, it is but very rarely
found here: two other forts there are which I fhall here defcribe. The firft hatha
long, creeping, and jointed root, fending forth tufts at each joint, from which joints
arife long, flat, flender, knotted ftalks, even to the top of the water, divided to-
wards the top into many branches, each carrying two leaves on both fides, being,
about two inches long, and half aninch broad, thin and almoft tranfparent, they look
as though they were torn, the flowers are lone, thick, and whitifh, fet together ale
moft like a bunch of grapes, which being gone, there facceed for the moft part,
four fharp pointed grains altogether, containing a fmall white kernel in them.

The fecond differs not much from this, except that it delights in more clear water ;
its ftalks are not flat, but round ; its leaves are not fo long, but more pointed... As
for the place we need not determine, for their name fheweth that they grow in
| the water. - *; SH Saeed

-* GOVERNMENT anD Virtues. It is under the dominion of the Moon, and being
made into a poultice, is excellent good for hot inflammations and fwellings, cankers,
fore throats, and mouths, being wafhed with the decoéi ion, it cleanfeth and ftrength-
eneth the neck and throat much, and helpeth thofe {wellings, which when people
have, they fay the almonds of the ears are fallen down; it is excellent good for the.
ftone and gravel, efpecially the nuts being dried ; they alfo refift poifon, and bitings
of venomous beafts. } uote 3 Hose Hie 3 gee

C2 WILD CAMPION S.
Description. THE wild white campion, hath many long, and fomewhat broad #
es lying upon the ground, with divers roots therein, fomewhat like gigs

a1 cuLPe ern’: ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

plantane, but rather hairy, broader, and not fo long ; the hairy <a rife us in Ney
iniddle of them, three or four feet high, and ested aa more, with divers i
joints at feveral places thereon, and two fuch like leaves thereat a t : fe
fending forth branches at feveral joints alfo, all which bear on feveral footfta 3,
white flowers at the tops of them, coniifting of five broad pointed leaves, every oné
Cut in on the end unto the middl et making them feem to be two apiece, {melling
fomewhat fweet, and each of them ftanding i in large green, ftriped, hairy hufks, large
and round below next to the ftalk ; the feed is {mall and greyifh in the hard heads
that come up afterwards ; the root is white and long, {preading divers fangs in the
ground, ;

The red wild campion croweth j in the fame manner as the white, but its leaves are
not fo Plainly ribbed, fhomewhat fhorter, rounder, and more woolly in handling; —
the flowers are of the fame fize and form, but fome are of a pale, and others of a
bright red colour, cut in at the ends more finely, which makes the leaves feem more
in number than the other : the feed and the roots aré alike, the roots of both forts
abiding many years. :

~ There are forty-five forts of campions more, thofe of them which are of phyfical
ufes, having the hike virtues with thefe above defcribed, which I imagine to be the
two chief kinds.

Peace. They grow commonly hough thiskingdom in ficlds, and be hee
fades and ditches.

: “Time. ‘They flower j in fummer,
Linge than others.
~ GoveRNMentT anp Virtues.

_ nce that the decoétion of the he

fome earlier than others, and foie: abiding

They lca! to > Batra, and it is found by experi
rb, either of the white or red, being drank, doth
u tay inward bleedings, and appli

ied outwardly it doth the like; alfo being drank, it
Aelpeth to expel urine, being.

hs : topped, and gravel or ftone in the reins or kidfies:
cits of the feed. drank in wine,

thofe that are ftung by fcorpions, or other venomous beafts, and may be 4s
| ‘Plague : : it is of very good ufe inold fores, ulcers, cankers, fiftulasy

leanfe and heal them, by confuming the moift humours eae into
ng = putrefaction of humours offending them. ;

PLACk

purgeth ‘the ‘body of choleric humours, and —

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. un

Pract. It groweth plentifully in gardens.

Time. They flower in Auguft, and feed foon after.

GovERNMENT AND Virtues. It is an herb.of Mars, and under the ‘fign Aries,
Now in treating on this herb, I fhall give you-a rational conception of all the
reft, and if you pleafe to view them throughout the book, you thall to your content
find themtrue. It helps fwimmings and giddinefs of the head, or the difeafe calied
vertigo, becaufe Aries is in the houfe of Mars. It is an excellent remedy againit
the yellow jaundice, and other infirmities of the gall, becauie Mars governs choler..
It ftrengthens the attractive faculty in man, and clarifies the blocd, becaufe it is
ruled by Mars. ‘The continual drinking the decoétion of i it, helps red faces, tet-
ters, and ringworms, becaufe Mars caufeth them. It helps plague-fores, boils, the
itch, and bitings of mad. dogs and venomous beatts, all which infirmities are under
Mars. Thus you fee what it doth by fympathy.

By antipathy to other planets, it cures the venereal difeafe, this by antipathy to Ve.
nus, who governs.it. It ftrengthens the memory, and cures deafnefs by antipathy to
Saturn, who hath his fall in Aries, which rules the head. It cures quartan agues,
and other difeafes of melancholy and aduft.choler, by fympathy to Saturn, Mars be
ing exalted in Capricorn : alfo it provokes urine, the ftopping of which ‘is ecutede
caufed by Mars, or the Moon *.

CARROTS.

i fe 16 €kcéllent for the head, and the parts’ thereof ; this herb wibetl eat, or the powder or juice
drank, keepeth a perfon from the head ach and megrum, and alfo driveth it away. Being taken
in meat or drink, it is good againit dizzinefs and {wimming giddinefs of the head. itcémforteth
the brain, fharpencth the wit, and ftrengtheneth the memory ; it is a fingular remedy againft
deafnels, for it amendeth the thicknefs of the hearing, and provokes fleep. The juice of it laid
to the ayes, quickeneth the fight, alfo the water in the which the powder, or herb dried, is
fteeped, hath the fare effect if the eyes be wafhed therewith ; the herb eaten, is good-for the
fame purpofe. The water or juice dropped into the eyes, cureth the rednefs, bloodfhotten, and
‘itching of them. Some write that it ftrengthens the teeth, they being wafhed and rubbed with
a cloth dipped i in the water or juice thereof, The powder ftauncheth | the: blood that floweth out
‘of the nofe, being Gosied to the place. ‘It comforteth the ftomach ; the broth of the herb, other.
wife called the decoétion drank in wine, is good for an evil ftomach ; it helpeth a weak fto-
mach, and caufeth appetite to meat ; alfo the ‘wine wherein it hath been boiled, doth cleanfe and ~
mundify the infeéted ftomach. The powder thereof eaten with honey, or drank in wine, doth
ripen and digeft cold phlegm, purgeth and bringeth up that which is in the breaft, fcouring the
fame of grofs humours, and caufeth to breathé more eafily. The herb chewed in the mouth, Nehe 8,
eth the ftench of the breath. _ Tehielpeth the heart; the powder being taken before a man is in-
‘feéted, preferveth him from ‘the pet ilence ; and-a dram of it, or-a ica 2 cer

| Gately.

m CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

9A) .
aS WTO cannrors.
GARDEN carrots are fo well known that they need no defcription; but becaufe
they are of lefa*phyfical ufe than the wild kind, (as indeed almoft in all herbs, the a
wild are moft effectual in phyfic, as being more powerful in their operations than the

garden kinds) I fhall therefore briefly defcribe the wild carrot.
‘ * Descrip-

diately after he feeleth himfelf infected, expelleth the venom of the peftilent infection from the
heart, fo that if a man fweat afterwards, he may be preferved: the fame effect hath the herb boiled
in wine, or in the urine of a healthy man-child, drank ; I mean the deco¢tion or liquor from the
which the herb is ftrained, after that it hath been boiled therein. The leaves, powder, juice, or
water of the herb being drank, and the patient well covered with clothes, fweating three hours,
expelleth all poifons that have been taken in at the mouth, and other corruption or infeétion that
may hurt and annoy the heart. It heipeth the liver, lungs, and other parts of the body; th
herb boiled in wine, and drank hot about a quarter of an hour before the fit, and the patient after-
wards well covered in bed, driveth away the ague. The powder and water of this herb drank
with wine, hath the fame effe&. The juice drank with wine, is good againft fhortnefs of breath,
sy and the difeafes of the lungs ; it ftrengtheneth the members, and is good againft the achs of the
body. This herb boiled in the urine of a healthy man-child, and drank, doth help the droply,
breaketh all apofthumes, and maftercth the falling ficknefs : the powder eaten or drank, helpeth
- againft the ftitches in the fide 3 itis alfo good for thofe that begin to have the confump-
tion, called the phthyfic: the herb eaten, doth ftrengthen trembling and palfy members: the
powder miniftered in a clyfter, helpeth the cholic, and other difeafes of the guts, and the water
_ drank, hath the fame effet. The juice drank with wine, or the herb boiled in wine and drank
hot, breaketh the ftone, and driveth out gravel ; being fodden in water, and the patient fitting —
| Sisahag fo that the hot vapour may come unto the difeafed place, it helpeth againft the fame in-
. ants after the fame manner being ufed, it is good againft the green ficknefs ; alfo it eafeth
the griping pains of the belly, it openeth the ftoppings of the members, and pierceth and caufeth
= The leaves boiled in wine, and drank as aforefaid, provoke fweats, confume the evil blood,
Sood , aio the wine or water, in which this herb has boiled, being drank, con-
humours, and preferveth the good. Itis excellent for one that is bruifed with
he leaves, juice, broth, powder, and water of the herb, is very good to
on Totten, feftered fores : the leaves bruifed or pounded, and laid to, are
hot {wellings, carbuncles, and fores that are hard to be cured, efpecially
+ they are likewife good to heal the bitings of venomous worms and

hase ne down coming off the flowers thereof, when the feed is

a Sathered out of the Herpats of divers learned men, which,

-

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 113

Description. It groweth in a manner altogether like the tame, but that the
leaves and ftalks:are fomewhat whiter and rougher ; the ftalks bear large tufts of

white flowers, with a deep purple {pot in the middle, which are contracted together
when

and fkilful phyficians, Matrutotus and Fucnsius, have. written hereof in Latin; whofe
words, as perhaps, they may bring fome credit to that which is already written; fo in them
fomething more may be learned, or at the leaft fomething is uttered for the better underftanding
of that aforefaid. Their words in Englifh are as followeth; Carduus benedi&us is a plant of
great virtue, efpecially againft the peftilence, and alfo againkt deadly poifons, as well taken in-
wardly as outwardly applied to the ftingings and bitings of venomous beatts > they alfo are healed
with this herb, that are troubled with a quartan or other agues, that come by a cold, and, that
by drinking of the decoétion or diftilled water, or a drachm of the powder: in like manner being
drank, it helpeth infants that are troubled with the falling ficknefs. The decotica taken in wine
doth mitigate the pain of the guts ahd reins, and other griefs of the belly 5 it provoketh fweat,
it killeth worms, and is good’ againft other difeafes of the womb ; the herb itfelf as well green as
dried, both drank and laid outwardly ‘to the grief, doth heal ulcers ; on fuch extraordinay oc-
cafions. it is mingled with the drink made of gvacum, wine and water for the French difeafe.
Learned writers affirm that it taketh away the ftoppings of the inward bowels; it provoketh
urine, breaketh the ftone, and helpeth thofe that are ftung of venomous beafts. They fay alfo
that thofe cannot be infected who take it in their meat or drink, before they come into the evil
air, that it helpeth them much that are already infe@ted : moreover, moft agree, that it is a re-
medy againft the bitings of ferpents. Finally, to conclude, late writers fay, that it cureth the pains
of the head, taketh away giddinefs, recovereth the memory, being taken in meat or drink. Alfo
it helpeth feftering fores, efpecially of the paps and teats, if the powder thereof be laid upon it.
By this we may in part uncerftand, with how great virtue God hath indued, and I may fay, blefled
this herb. “To fum up all, it helpeth the body inwardly and outwardly ; it ftrengthens almoft all
the principal members of the body, as the brain, the heart, the ftomach, the liver, lungs, and kid-
nies. It is alfo a prefervative againt- all difeafes, for it provoketh fweat, by which the body is
purged of much corruption which breedeth difeafe.. It expellcth the venom of infection, it con-
fumes ill blood, and all naughty humours, whereof difeafes are engendered. Therefore giving
God thanks for his goodnefs which hath given us this herb, and all other things for the benefit of
our health ; it will in the next place’be convenient to confider how to make ufe of it in the appli-
Citing 883) B08 61 peaebiss qed oly meses a

It is to be obferved, that we may wfé this herb, andenjoy the virtues thereof four ways: Firft,
in the green leaf. Seconilly, in the powder. ‘Thirilly, in the juice. And fourthly in the diftil-
lation. ‘The green leaf imiay be taken with bread and butter, as we ue to take {age and parfley in

4 morning for breakfaft : and ifit be too bitter, it may be taken with honey inftead of butter, It
‘nay be taken in pottage’boiled ‘among other hiérbs; or being ‘hred {mall, it may be drank with, _

ale, beer or wine. Itis for
Nos 9.

ies given ia beewith gh cmpytay and that int Barmy
aH when

iy CULPEPER's ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

et the feed begins to ripen, that the middle part being hollow and low, and the
outward ftalks rifing high, maketh the whole umble to fhew like a bird’s neft: the
root is very fmall, long, and hard, and quite unfit for meat, being fomewhat harp

and trong. |
Pucaz. The wild kind groweth in divers parts of this land, plentifully by the field

fides, and in untilled places.

Time. They flower and feed in theend of fummer.

Government and Virtues. Wild carrots belong to Mercury, and there
fore expel wind, and remove ftitches in the fides, provoke urine, and womens’
courfes, and helpeth to expel and break the ftone; the feed alfo of the fame wark-
eth the like effect, and is good for the dropfy, and thofe whofe bellies are fwollen
with wind ; it helpeth the cholic, the ftone in the kidnies, and the rifing of the mo

when the ftomach of the patient is weak, and he not-troubled with any hot difeafe. The juice of
it is outwardly applied ; the leaf, powder, and water of it, is received into the mouth. It may be
taken in potage alfo in the green leaf, or with wine, which if it be burned and drank hot, it is the
peer : If you pleafe, you may boil it with wine, and honey or {ugar to make it {weet, an then 2
drink it very warm. The powder may be taken with honey upon the point of a knife, or with
bread and honey if you prefer it ; or elfe it may be drank with ale, beer, or wine. The diftilled
__ water may be drank by itfelf along, or elfe with white wine before meat, efpecially if the ftomack
be weak and cold. ‘The fiquor or broth inthe which this herb is boiled, may be made dis}
: iy ae Ree of running water, feethe it and fcum it, then put into it a good handful of the herby g
_ and let it boil until the better part be confumed s then drink it with wine, or if you think fit wit) —
honey or fugar, to make it the more palatable, Or you may make a potion thus; Take a gob
| pengtul of the leaves, with a handful of raifins of the fun, wathed and ftoned, and fome fugat andy
Be Baath — fliced fall, boil them altogether-ina quart of water, ale, or wine ; if it be t00! itter of
» crltmay be made fweet as aforefiid. It is alfo to:be obferved, that the powder and water of thelel?
be regarded, and efpecially the water : for they may be long preferved, fo that younay
ys in readinefs for ufe, when neither the green leaf nor juice can be had, Tht if

rore “ countel all thofe who have gardens, to nourifh it, that they may
: = ~ the ufe of their neighbours that fland in need of it. But pet e
becach poe aae wt quantity, which things are to be confidered in ae |
; Ree eae oa be taken for a prefervative, it is good to take it |

" before: going tobed, becaufe that is a convenient time 0 At
48 good to take it “henever the oriee:. difeafed. But if a man take it to expel any ill humour”
an Henever the grief is felt in the body, and immediately to go to bed and i

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. ig

ther, being taken in wine; boiled in wine and taken, it helpeth conception: the
leaves being applied with honey to running fores or ulcers, do cleanfe them. I fup-
pofe the feed of them perform this better than the root ; and though Gaten com.
mended garden carrots highly to break wind, yet experience teacheth that they breed
it firft; and we may thank nature for expelling it, not they. The feeds of them xe..
pel wind indeed, and fo mend what the root marreth.

CARR A Woe

Description. IT beareth divers ftalks of fine cut leaves lying upon the ground,
fomewhat like the leaves of carrots, but not bufhing fo thick, of a little quick tafte,
from among which rifeth up a fquare ftalk not fo high as the carrot, at whofe joints
are fet the like leaves, but fmaller and finer, and at the top fmall open tufts or um-
bels of white flowers, which turn into fmall blackifh feed, fmaller than annifeed, and
of a quicker and hotter tafte; the root is whitith, fmall, and long, fomewhat like
unto a parfhip, but with more wrinkled bark, and much. lefs, of a little hot and
guick tafte, and ftronger than the parfnip ; it abideth after feed time.

Piacez. Itis ufually fown with us in gardens.

Time. They flower in June and July, and feed quickly after.
Government and Virtues, This is alfo a mercurial plant. Carraway feed

hath a moderate fharp quality, whereby it expelleth wind, and provoketh urine,
which alfo the herb doth: the root is better food than the parfnip, and is pleafant
and comfortable to the ftomach, helping digeftion: the feed is conducing to all:
the cold griefs of the head and ftomach, the bowels or mother, as alfo the wind in ’
them, and helpeth to fharpen the eye fight. The powder of the feed put into a’
poultice, taketh away black and blue fpots of blows or bruifes; the herb itfelfor
with fome of the feed bruifed and fryed, laid hot in a bag or double cloth to the
lower parts of the belly, eafeth the pains of the wind-cholic: the roots of carraways
eaten as men eat parfnips, ftrengthen the ftomachs of aged people exceedingly, and
they need not make a whole meal of them neither; it is fit to be planted in every
man’s garden. Carraway comfits, once only dipped in fugar, and half a fpoonful of
them eaten in the morning fatting, and as many after cach meal, is a moft admirable

reitialy for fuch as are troubled with wind.

2 OR A DT Ne.

Duce THIS hath divers ‘tender, round, whitith, green ftalks, witha
_ Greater joints than ordinary i in other herbs, as it were knees, very brittle and caly-
tobreak, from whence grow branches with large, tender, long, leaves, aii ed

416 -CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

into many parts, each of them cut in on the edges, fet at the joints on both fides of
the branches, of a dark bluifh green colour on the upper fide, like columbines,
and of a more pai2 bluith green underneath, full of a yellow fap, when any partis
broken; ofa bitter tafte, and {trong fcent; at the tops of the branches, whichare
much divided, grow gold-yellow flowers of four leaves each, after which comes
fnall long pods, with blackifh feed therein. Its root is fomewhat great at the head,
fhooting forth divers long roots, and fmall ftrings, reddifh on the outfide, and yel-,
low within, and is full of a yellow fap.

Prace. It groweth in many places, by old walls, by the hedges and way-fides in
untilled places; and being once planted in a garden, efpecially in a fhady place,
it will remain there.

Time. They flower ail the fummer long, and the feed ripeneth in the mean time. _
-GovERNMENT and Virtuets. This is an herb of the Sun, and under the
eeleftial Lion, and is one of the beft cures for the eyes that is. All that know any
thing of Aftrology, know as well as I can tell them, that the eyes are fubject to
the luminaries ; let it then be gathered when the Sun is in Leo, and the Moon in
Aries applying to his trine. Let Leo arife, then you may make it into an o.lor
ointment, which you pleafe, to anoint fore eyes with ; I can prove it both from my
own experience, and the experience of thofe to whom I have taught it, that the
moft defperate fore eyes have been cured by this medicine only ; then, I pray, is not

? ver and gall, helpeth the yellow jaune
dice, and often ufing it, helps the dropfy, the itch, and thofe who have old fores )
The juice thereof taken fafting, is held
ice : | ftilence; the diftilled water with a little
ail a little good treacle mixed therewith, (the party upon taking it being —
Bec effect : the Juice dropped into the CYS,
which darken the fight, but it is beft 10
ae aes it is good in old, filthy, cor- ~
NF Br ba to ftay ir malignity of f; ing. and ing,
ahd to cante PIE ee cta retting and running,
ap aos to heal more fpeedily ; the juice often applied to tetters, ring-

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 1L7

of the herb, gargled between the'teeth that ach, eafeth the pain, and the powder of
the dried root laid upon.an aching, hollow, or loofe tooth, will caufe it to fall out.
The juice mixed with fome powder of brimftone, is not only good againit the itch,
but taketh away all difcolourings of the fkin whatfoever, and ifit chance that in a
tender body it caufeth any itching or inflammation, it is helped.

Another bad method have phyficians’in adminiftering relief to the eye, which is
worfe than the needle: that is, to eat away the film by corroding or gnawing medi-
cines: this I abfolutely proteft againft, 1. becaufe the tunicles of the eyes are very
thin, and therefore foon eaten afunder. 2. The cedlus or film that they would eat
away, is feldom of an equal thicknefs in every place, and by that means the tu-
nicle may be eaten.afunder in one place, before the film be confumed in another, and
fo prove a readier way toextinguifh the fight, than to reftore it. It is called chei-
donium from the Greek word «ade, which fignifies a fwallow, becaufe they fay, that
if you prick out the eyes of young fwallows when they arein the neit, the old ones
will recover their eyes again with this herb. This 1 am confident, for I have tried
it, that if you mar the very apple of their eyes with a needie, fhe will recover them
again; but whether with this herb or not, Idonotknow. — .

Alfo I have read, and it feems to me fomewhat probable, that the herb Gains ga-
thered, as I fhewed before, and the elements feparated from it by the,art of the al-
chymift, and after they are drawn apart, rectified, the earthy quality ftill in rectifying
them, added to the serra damnata, as alchymifts call it, or as fome philofophers term
it, terra facratiffima; the elements fo rectified, are fufficient for the cure of all dif-
eafes, the humour offending being known, and the contrary element given. If is.an
experiment worth ne trying, and can do no harm. :

/ The Lefer CELANDIN E.

IT is ufaally known by the name of pilewort, ad fogwort, and I esis eevee
on what account the name of celandine was given it, which refembles it neither in
nature or form. It acquired'the name of pilewort from its virtues, and it being no
matter where I fet it down, fo Peete 2 fall proceed to the def-
sription.
ee ee This celandine, or pilewort, othe ices many round, pale, green
leaves, fet on weak and trailing branches, which lie upon the ground, and are flat,
fmooth, and fomewhat fhining, and in fome places, though feldom, marked with
black fpots, each ftanding on a long foot{talk, among which rife fmall yellow
flowers, confifting of nine or ten fmal] narrow leaves, upon flender footftalks, very
_ ikea crowfoot, :whereunto the feed alfois not unlike, being many. fmall ones fet
‘Novy. 21 together

m8. CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

together upon a head: the root is compofed of many fimall kernels like grains
of corn, fome twice as long as others, of a whitifh colour, with fome fibres ar the.
end of them.
Prace. It groweth for the moft part in the moift corners of fields, and places
near waterfides, yet will abide in drier grounds, if they are but a little fhadowed.
Timez. It flowereth about March or April, and is quite gone in May, fo that it
cannot be found until it fprings again. ;
GoveRNMENT anp Virtues. It is under the dominion of Mars; and behold
here another verification of that learning of the ancients, viz. that the virtue of an
herb may be known by its fignature, as plainly appears in this ; for if you digup
the root of it, you fhall fee the perfect image of that difeafe which is commonly —
called the piles. It is certain from-good experience, that the decoction of the leaves
and roots doth wonderfully help the piles and hermorrhoids, as alfo kernels by the
€ars and throat, called the king’s evil, or any other hard wens or tumours. Pilewort
made into an oil, ointment, or plaifter, readily cures both the piles, hermorrhoids,
and the king’s evil; the very herb borne about one’s body, next to the fkin, helps
in fuch difeafes, though it does not touch the place grieved. Let poor people
make much of this for thefe ufes, for with this I cured my own daughter of the
King’s evil, broke the fore, drew out a quarter of a pint of corrupt matter, and in
one week made a complete cure without a {car, cas

The Orpinary smart CE NEA U2: Y.

‘Description. THIS groweth up moft ufually with but one round and fomes
what crefted ftalk, about a foot high, or better, ranching forth at the top into
many {prigs, and fome alfo from the joints of the ftalks below ; the flowers that
Rand at the tops as it were in an umbel or tuft, are of a pale red, tending toa care
ow colour, conlifting of five, fometimes fix {mall leaves, very like thofe of St.

s tw Opening themfelves in the day-time, and.clofing at night, after which —
Me S feed in little fhort hufks, in form like wheat corns: the leaves are {mall

BS hat round : the root is fmall and hard, perifhing every year. The whole —

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 119

appears in that their flowers open and fhut as the Sun either fheweth or hideth his
face. This herb boiled and drank, purgeth choleric and grofs humours, and help-
eth the fciatica; it openeth obftructions of the liver, gall, and {pleen, helping the
jaundice, and eafing the pains of the fides, and hardnels of the fpleen if ufed out-
wardly 5 it is given with good effect in agues, it helpeth thofe that have the dropfy,
or the green ficknefs, being much ufed in powder by the Italians for that purpofe :
and it killeth the worms in the belly, as found by experience. The decoétiod there-
of, viz. the tops of the {talks with the leaves and flowers, is good againft the cho-
lic, and to bring down womens’ courfes, it helpeth to expel the dead birth, and eaf-
eth pains of the mother, and is very effectual in all old pains of the joints, as the
gout, cramps, or convulfions. A drachm of the powder thereof taken in wine, is a
wonderful good help againft the biting and poifon of an adder : the juice of the herb
with a little honey put to it, is good to clear the eyes from dimnefs, mifts, and
clouds that offend and hinder ¢he fight, it is very good both for green and freth
wounds, as alfo for old ulcers and fores, to clofe up the one and cleanfe the other,
and to perfectly cure them both, although they are hollow or fiftulous; efpecially it
the green herb be bruifed, and laid thereto: the decoétion thereof dropped into the
ears, frees them from worms, cleanfeth the foul ulcers and {preading {cabs of the
head, and taketh away all freckels, fpots, and marks of the fkin, being wathed
therewith , the herb is fo fafe you cannot fail in the ufing of it. Take it inwardly
only for inward difeafes, and apply it outwardly for outward complaints: it is very
wholefome, but not pleafant to the tafte.
There is befides thefe another fmall centaury, which beareth a -pelicie flower, in

all other refpects it is like the former, fave that thé leaves are bigger, and of a
darker green, and the ftalk paffeth through the midit of them, as it does in the
herb thoroughwax. They are all of them, as I faid before under the dominion of
the Sun; yet this, if you obferve it, you fhall find an excellent truth. In difeafes
of blood, ufe the red centaury; if of oaet ufe the yellow 3 but if of phlegm or

water, you will find the white bett. ee
= H ERR 2% T R E ED

I Suppofe there are few but know this tree, if only for i its fruit’s fake, and there.
foreI fhall decline writing a defcription. _
Puiace. For the place of its growth, it is afforded room in every orchard.
GovERNMENT and Virtues. It is a tree of Venus. Cherries, as they are of
different taftes, fo they are of divers qualities ; the fweet pafs through the ftomach

and belly more Speedily, but are of Aiedle. ‘nourifhment ; the tart or four are more * o
- pleafing

120 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

pleafing to a, hot ftomach, procuting appetite to meat, and help to cut tough
phlegm and grofs humours ; but whién thefe are'dried, they are more binding than
when they are frefh, beifg codling in hot difeafes, and weicome to the ftomach ¢ it
alfo provokes urine. The gum of the cherry ttee diffolved in wine; is good fora
cough, and hoarfenefs of the throat; it mendeth the colour in the face, ‘fharpeneth
the eye fight, provoketh the appetite, and helpeth to break and expel the ftone,
Black cherries bruifed with the ftones, and diftilled, the water thereof is much ued
_ to break the itone, expel gravel, and break wind.

la WINTER CHERRIES.

- Duscription. THE winter cherry hath a running or creeping root im thé ground,
Generally-of the fize of ones little finger, fhooting forth at feveral joints, in feveral
places, whereby it quickly fpreadeth over a great compats of ground, the ftalk rif.
eth not above a yard high, whereon are fet many broad, and long green leaves,
fomewhat like night thade, but larger; at the joints whereof cometh forth whitih
flowers made of five leaves each, which after turn into green berries, enclofed with
a thin fin, which change to a reddifh when they grow ripe, the berry likewife be-
ing reddith and as large as a cherry, wherein are contained many flat yellowith feeds,
lying within-the pulp, which being gathered and ftrung up, are kept all the yeaty
to be ufed upon occafion, = a
Peace. They do not grow naturally in this land, but are cherifhed in gardens for

their virtues. : ; MS OF SRISII] On 34 !
» Time. They flower not until the middle or latter end of July, and the fruit is
ripe about the end of Auguft, or beginning of September. | | :
_ Government and Virtugs. This is alfo a plant of Venus. They are of great

may be ufed in inflammations, but not

berries to be helpful for the urine and ftone, which nine

ms reel Chervrt

AND COMPLETE. HERBALS 55 19K.

Take three or four good handfuls of. the berries, either green or frefh, of dried, and
having bruifed them, put them into fo many gallons of beer or ale, when it is newly
tunned up; this drink taken daily, hath been found'to do much good to many, both
‘2 to eafe the pains, expel utine, and the {tone, and. to caufe the ftone not to ingender.
The decoétion of thé berries in wine and water, is the moft ufual way, but the pow-

mg e seal taken in drink, is the moft effectual, |

fe curr vin. Chi

“It, is called cerefolium, mirrhis, and uti chervil, {weet cagyt' afd fie
cicely.

DEscRIPTION, The ‘garden chervil doth at fir refemble parfley, thc after it is
more grown, the leaves are much cut and jagged, refembling hemlock, being a
little hairy, and of awhitith green colour, fometimes turning reddith in thefummer,
as does the ftalks alfo; it rifeth little moses half a foot high, bearing white
- flowers i in fpiked tufts, w whi Puri into long an round ‘feeds, pointed: ‘at the ends,

‘blackifh when they are ripe, of a fweet tafte, but no fmell, though the herb
-_ itfelf fmelleth reafonable v well: the root is fmall and long, and perifheth every: year,

_ and. muft be fown in the fpring for feed, and after July, for autumn fallad.
‘a .) The wild chervil groweth two or three feet high, with yellow ftalks and joints,
fet with, broader and — more hairy leaves, divided i into fundry parts, nicked about
es, 5 and of, a dark g een colour, which likewifé groweth reddith with the
$s W ere n {mall white tufts of flowers, and afterwards {mal-

al

rg]

te
i$

=

a ts
a

“no iobae:

~ Prace. The! firft is fown. in-gardens foe: a {allad-herb ; the fecond groweth wild

in the meadows of this land, and by hedge-fides, and on heaths. >
Timg. They flower and feed early, ~ nes are fown — at the end of

the femme.
mk <

aad to oar pleurty and pickings of
“a > diffolveth fwellings in at

in a fhort time,
he

pecf

122 yt eae ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

HUG SWEET CHERVIL,

CALLED by fome fweet cicely.

Deseriprion. “It groweth very much like isiee: greater hemlock, having large
fpread leaves, cut into divers parts, but of a frefher green colour than the hemlock,
tafting as {weet as the annifeed ; the ftalk rifeth up a yard high, or more, being
crefted or hollow, having the leaves at the joints, but lefs, and at the tops of the
branched ftalks, umbels or tufts of white flowers; after which comes large and
long crefted, black, fhining fezd, pointed at both ends, tafting quick, yet {weet
and pleafant: the root is great and white, growing deep in the ground, and fpread-
ing fundry long branches therein, in tafte and fmell ftronger than the leaves or
_ feed, and continuing many years,

Pract. It groweth in gardens.

Government anp Vintuzs. Thefe are all three of them of that natureof Ju-
piter, and under his dominion, This whole plant, befides its pleafantnefs i in fallads,
hath alfo its phyfical virtues; the root boiled and eaten with oil and vinegar, or
without ‘oil, doth much pleafe and warm an old and cold ftomach, oppreffed with
wind or phlegm, or thofe that have the phthyfic or confumption of the lungs. The
fame drank with wine, is a preferyatiye from the plague ; , it provoketh women’s
courles, and expelleth the afterbirth, procureth an appetite to meat, and expelleth
wind: the juice is good to heal the ulcers of the head and face ;_the candied roots
hereof are held asieffeatual as angelica, to preferye from infection in the time of 4

plague, and to warm and comfort a cold weak Romach. It is fo harmlefs that
you cannot make ule of it amifs.

Be ZAG CHESNUT TREE. pW Gx

~ Todefcribea tree'fo commonly known, were as needlefs as to tell a man he has _
gotter a mouth; therefore take the government and virtues of it thus;
= tree is abfolucely under the dominion of Jupiter, and therefore the fruit muft
6 seh blood, and. yield commendable 1 ourifhment to the body, yet if
“ tl = the head ach, and bind the
a: covereth the ‘ut, is of fo vinting a quality, that a fcruple
neve than, Or ten grains by a child, foon ftops any flux tapas fil
ep enh 8 dried and beaten into powder, and a drachm taken at a time, is
nels into pom, bth she hee ee ou dy csfouts and eat the ke
ary with er fa han 3 taken away, and make it up into an ee
; € you an admirable remedy for the cough and Spitting blood.

EARTH

AND COMPLETE HERBAL:

123
HOLY. EARTH CHESNUTS. 4-20

THEY are called earth nuts, earth chefnuts, ground nuts, cipper nuts, and in.
Suffex they are called pig nuts. A defeription of them were needless, for every
child knows them.

GovernMeENT and Virtugs. They are fomething hot a dry i in quality, under
the dominion of Venus, they provoke luft exceedingly, and ftir"ep\co chofe fports
the is miftrefs of ; the feed is excellent good to provoke uririe, and=fo alfo is the
root, but doth not perform it fo forceably as the feed. The foot being dried and
beaten into powder, and the powder made into an electuary, i is as fingular a remedy
for {pitting and piffing blood as the former cheinuts i is for GougmS.

Vide CHICK WEED.

IT is generally Known t to moft people, I thal] not therefore trouble you with the

dg{criptic on thereof, nor mylelf yith, fetting ; forth the feyeral kinds, fince there are,
but two or three worth notice for their ufefulnefs. )

Peace. Thele are ufually found in moift and watery places, by wood. fides, and
elfewhere,

Time. They flower about June, and their feed is ripe in July,

GoyERNMENT AND Virtues. It is a fine, foft, pleafing herb, under the domi.
nion of the Moon. . It is found to be as effectual as purflain to al} the purpofes
whereunto i it ferveth, except for meat only. The herb bruifed, or the j juice ap-
plied, with cloths or fponges dipped therein, to the region of the liver, and as they
dry to have frefh applied, doth wonderfully temper the heat of the liver, and i is et.
fe€tual for all impofthumes and fwellings whatfoever 5 for all rednefs inshs F465
wheals, pufhes, itch, feabs, the juice being either imply uledy or boiled : 1B 18's
greate 5 the fame helpeth cramps, conyulfions, and pallies : ‘the j juice or dittlied

water is of good ufe for all heat a and redogls i in the EYES, to drop f fome of i it into
them as alfo into the ears to eafe the pains in them, and is s of go ood effect ¢ to eafe the
pains and heat and :fhz -blge Jn she piles, and all pains of the body in ge-
heral shat prasseshiromieata. it. is led alfo in hot and » virulent ulcers and | fores i in
the privy parts of men and women, or on the legs, or elfewhere. aie} leayes boiled
with marfhmallows, and made into a poulric sie Fenner and hi nfeed, applied
to fwellings or impofthumes, band and breaketh them, or affwageth the {wel-
lings and eafeth the pains ; > it helpeth the finews. when they are Mhrunk by cramps or
-_otherwife, and extend and make them pliable ; again, | by ufing the Sollowing t maschaeh
viz, Boil a oF chickweed, and 2 handful oF diet red role’

i & Oy Tat eI" , :

+ a Ju sage es: is *
tot eer

324. CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

diftilled, in a quart of mufcadine until a forth part be confumed ; then put to them
a pint of oil of trotters, or fheep’s feet ; let them boila good while, {till ftirring them
well, which being ftrained, anoint the grieved part therewith, warm againft the fire,
rubbing it well with your hand, and bind alfo fome of the herb, if you choofe, to
the place, and with God’s bleffing it will help in three times dreffing.

nS Socourven Po RS. Ee

IT is alfo called by fome cicers.

Description. The garden forts; whether red, black, or white, bring forth
ftalks a yard long, whereon doth grow many {mali and almoft round leaves, dented
about the edges, fet on both fides of a middle rib ; at the joints come forth one or
two flowers upon fharp foot{talks, peafe-fafhion, either whitith, Or purpleifh red,
lighter or deeper, according as the peafe that follow will be, that are contained in

fmall, thick, and fhort pods, wherein lie one or two peafe, though ufually more, a
little pointed at the lower end, and almoft round at the head,
Sharp, The root is fmall, and perifheth yearly,

Pracwand Time. They are fown in gardens, or in fields, as peafe, being fown
later than peafe, and gathered at the fame time with them, or prefently after.
Government and Virtuss. They are both under the dominion of Venus.
They are no lefs' windy than beans, but nourifh more, they provoke urine, and are
thought to increafe fperm, they have a ‘cleanfing faculty, whereby they break the
ftone inthe kidnies, To drink the cream of them being boiled in water, is the beft

way, Tt moveth the belly downwards, provoketh the women’s courfes, and urine,
increafeth both milk and feed. One ounce of ‘cicers, 7

yet a little cornered or

‘two ounces of French barley,
and a fmall handful of marfhmallows roots, clean wafhed and cut, being boiled in
the broth of a chicken, and four ounces taken in the morning,

after, isa good medicine for a pain in the fides. The white cicers
meat than medicine, yet have they the fame effect, and !
toincreafe milk and feed. 9 aS g5 oh

Phe nn, cet: ate fo much more powerful than the garden kinds, by how much

emcees them in heat and drynefs, whereby they are more effectual in opening
el eends the ftone, and having al the properties of cutting, openings
olving, more fpeedily and certainly than the former.

fafting two hours
are ufed more for
are thought more powerful

=. <aletia lomiercetintiies, Sive-fngered- grate, of five leved eral
Description. This fpreadeth ang creepeth far upon the groung, with long

flender

-

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: rae

flender firings like ftawberries, which take root again and fhooteth forth many
leaves made of five parts, and fometimes of feven, dented about the edges and fome-
what hard, The*ftalks are flender, leaning downwards, and bear many finall yellow
flowers thereon, with fome yellow threads in the middle, ftanding about a fmooth
green head ; which when it is ripe is a little rough, and’ containeth {mall brownifh
feed. The root is of ablackii brown colour, feldom fo big as one’s little finger,,
but growing long with fome threads'thereat ; and’ by the’ fmall ftrings it quickly
fpreadeth over the ground.

Prac. Tt groweth by wood fides, hedgefides, the pathways in fields, and in the
borders and corners of them almoft in every part of this kingdom.

Time. It flowereth in fummer,. fome fooner,. fome later:

'GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. Thisis an herb of Jupiter, andtherefore {trengthens
the parts of the body that he'rules;. ler Jupiter be angular and ftrong when itis ga-
thered, and: if you give but a fcruple, which-is but: twenty grains, of it at a-time,.
either in white: wine, or white wine vinegar, you:fhall very feldom mifs:the cure of
an ague, be it what ague foever, in three fits, as b have often: proved: to the admira-
tion both of myfelf and others. It is am efpecial herb ufed in: all inflammations and:

fevers, whether infectious or peftilential ; or among other herbsito:cool and temper Sa
the bloed and humours in the body : as-alfo for all lotions, gargels, injections, and
the like, for fore mouths,. ulcers, cankers,. fifttulas,. and other corrupt, foul, or run+
ning fores. The juice hereof drank about four ounces at atime, for certain days.to-
gether, cureth the quinfey, and the yellow jaundice, and taken for thirty days toge-
ther, cureth the falling ficknefs,..The roots boiled in milk, and drank, is a moft
effectual remedy for all fluxes in man or woman, whether the whites or reds, as alfo
the bloody flux. The roots boiled in vinegar, and the decoétion thereof held in the
mouth, eafeth the pains of the tooth-ach. The juice or decoétion taken with a little
honey, helpeth the hoarfenefS of the throat, and is very good for the cough of the:
lungs. The diftilled water both of the root and leaves is alfo effeétual to all’ the
purpofes aforefaid ; and if the hands are often wafhed therein, and fuffered:at every
time to dry in of itfelf without wiping, it will'in a fhort time help the palfy, or fhak-
ingin them, The root boiled in vinegar, helpeth: all knots, kernels, hard fwellings,
and lumps growing in any part of the fleth, beingthereto applied; as alfo all‘ inflam-
mations, St. Anthony’s fire, alfo all impofthumes and painful fores, with heat and
putrefaction, the fhingles, and all other forts of running and foul fcabs, fores, and
the itch, “The fame alfo boiled in wine, and’ applied to any painful or aching joints,
or the gout in the hands or feet, or the hip-gout, called the {ciatica, and the decos-
We, 9. 21 tion.

MPT wean raw,

15:, CULPEPER’s ENGLISH! PHYSICIAN,

tion thereof:drank at-the dame time, doth cure them, and eafeth violent pains :in the
bowels. The roots are likewife effectual to help ruptures or burftings, being ufed
with other things available to that purpofe, taken cither inwardly or outwardly, or
both: asalfo for bruifes, or hurts by blows, falls, or the like, and to ftay the bleed-
ing of wounds in any part, either award or outward. 4
Some hold that one Jeaf cures a quotidian, three atertian, and four a quartan-

ague ; but with refpeét to the number of leaves, it is a matter of no confequence, or
whether it is given in powder or decoétion: if Jupiter were ftrong and the Moon
applying to him, or. his good afpect at the gathering of it, I never knew it mifs the

gelired ects, arte
y aa ee vy. be

- THEY are alfo called ruth leeks, chives, civet, atid {weth.

Temperature and Virtus; Iconfefs | had not added thefe had it not been for
a letter I received of a country gentleman, who certified me that amongit other
herbs I had left thefe out ; they are indeed a kind of leeks, hot and dry in the fourth
degree as they are, and alfo under the dominion of Mars ; if they are eat raw, (I do

oppofite to roafted or boiled, but raw oppofite to a chymical prepara-
tion) they fend up very hurtful vapors to the. brain, cauling troublefome fleep, and
ipoiling the eyefight, yet of them prepared ‘by the art of the alchymift may be
made an excellent remedy for ftoppage of urine, od 3 7

*

~

. Coe Levees Terry.
; OR, more properly, clear-eye, . z )

lary hath fourfquare ftalks, with broad,
eaves, fomewhat evenly cut on the edges,

near the Bround, and fome by couples upon
frances with two {mall leaves at the joints under

iii

CSOVERN-

“AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 7102 — yeh"

GoveRNMENT and Virtues. It is under the dominion of thé Moon. The feed
is ufed to be put into the eyes to clear them from moats, or other fuch like th ings
gotten within the lids to offend them, as alfo to cleanfe them from white or red fj p ots
inthem. The muccilage of the feed made with water, and applied to tumours or
{wellings, difperfeth and taketh them away ; as alfo draweth forth fplinters, thorns,
or other things gotten into the fleth. The leaves ufed with vinegar, either by itfelf
or with honey, doth help hot inflammations, as alfo boils, fellons, and the hot inflam--
mations that are gathered by their pains, if it be applied before they are grown too
great. The powder of the dried root put into the nofe, provoketh {neezing, and
thereby purgeth the head and brain of much rheum and corruption. The feed or
leaves taken in wine, provoketh to venery. It is of much ufe both for men and wo-
men that have weak backs, to help to ftrengthen the reins, ufed either by itfelf or
with other herbs conducing to the fame effect, and in tanfies often. The freth leaves
dipped in a batter of flour, eggs, and a little milk, and fried in butter, and ferved to
the table, is not unpleafant to any, but exceeding profitable for thofe that are trou-
bled with weak backs, and the effeéts thereof. The juice of the herb put into ale or
beer, and drank, bringeth down women’s courfés, and expelleth the after-birth. »

It is an ufual courfe with many men when they ‘have gotten the running of the ~
reins, or women the whites, they have immediate recourfe to the clary bufh, which,
having fried in butter they eagerly eat in expectation of inftant relief, but to their
great difappointment often find themfelves worfe than before they had tried this
expedient. We will grant that clary ftrengthens the back; but this we deny, that
the caufe of the running of the reins in men, or the whites in women lies in the back,
(though the back may fometimes be weakened by them) confequently the es

of this cat is abfolutely improper.

Zit? We wre doles 66 aot ip

WILD CLARY is often, though 1 T think improdeniy called Chri’ eye, a
caufe it cureth the: difeafes of the eyes. |
Description. It is like the other clary, but lefs,. ane many y ftalks about a aac
‘and a half high ; , the {talks are fquare and fomewhat hairy ; the flowers of a bluith
‘colour, Hethat knows the common clary cannot be ignorant of this, 9 >
Prace, It grows commonly én this kingdom, in barren places ; you may find it
; plentifully | if you look in the fields near Gray’s Innj and ‘the fields near Chelfea. -
ik They flower from the es: of _ to the latter end seinen |
; eae

eg CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Government anv Viatues. It is fomething hotter and drier than the garden
clary, yet neverthelefs under the dominion of the Moon, as weliias that. the feeds of it
being beaten to powder and drank in wine is an admirable help to:provoke luft; a
decoction of the leaves being drank, warms the ftomach, and ’tis a wonder if it thould.
not, the {tomach being Cancer the houfe of the Moon; It alfo helps digeftion, feat-
ters congealed blood in any-part of the body, and helps dimnefs of fight ;. the-diltilled _
water thereof cleanfeth the eyes’ of rednefs, waterifanefs and. heat; *tis. a gallant re. -
medy for dimnefs of fight, to take one of the feeds.of it and put into the eye, and
there let it remain till ic drops out of iefelf, the pain will be nothing to {peak of : it
will cleanfe the eyes of all filthy. and putrified matters, and in often repeating of ir, will

take of a film which covereth the fight, a handfomer, fafer, and eafier. remedy agreat
deal than to tear itoff with aneedle, _ ss |

(he pp CLEAVE Rs.
IT is alfo called aparine, goofe-fhare, goofe-grafs, and cleavers,
Description, The common.cleavers hath. divers very rough fquare. ftalks, not fo

dig.as the.tag of a point, but rifing up. to be two or three yards hich fometimes, if it

meets with anyetall bufhes or trees whereon it may climb, yet without any clafperss

orelfemuch lower, and lying upon the ground full of joints, and at every one of them.

fhootethforth a branch,, be des the leaves thereat, which are ufually fix, fet ina round

-Gompats like a ftar, or the rowel of a {pur : from between the leaves of the joints to»
_ Wards the tops of the branches, come forth very fmall white flowers atevery end upon
mall thready footftalks,. which after they are fallen, there do thew two fmall, round,
rough feeds, which when they are ripe; grow hard and whitifh, having alittle hole‘on
the fide fomewhat like untoa navel, Both ftalks, leaves, and feeds are fo rough, that.

they will cleave unto any thing that fhall touch them. Its root is {mall and very
thredd min Y>

{preading much in ghe ground, but dieth evely War. = igs.

? in many places of this land, and

dominion of the. Moon. The
broth to
keep

ol,

ngues

Whitela

ys
i
AA iy <
Be /, ~X| &
a : a S
ra es a nyt .
‘SE 4 a = 3
4 Weis Re Sa
ae. ~ a ° Oe 3
= S/n pn aren
i : bs Ae HF cae « ¥ ye eS iy
pf v) 7 a 2
3 8
Sz
-
"7

Gees.

lolumbine.

locksheadl .

cundwort :

cy

Ot

AND COMPLETE HERBAL; 128

Keep thofe Jean and lank that are apt to Stow fat. The diftilled water drank twice
a day, helpeth the yellow jaundice, and the decoétion of the herb by experience is .
found to do the fame, and {tayeth the lafks and bloody fluxes. The juice of the
leaves, or the leaves a little bruifed, and applied to any bleeding wound, ftayeth the
bleeding ; the juice is alfo very good to clofe up the lips of green wounds; and the.
powder of the dried herb ftrewed thereupon, doth the fame, and likewife helpeth old
ulcers. Being boiled with hog’s greafe, it healeth all forts of hard fwellings or ker-
nels in the throat, being anointed therewith. The juice dropped into the ears, taketh
away the pains fromthem. It is a good remedy in the {pring, eaten, being firft chop-
ped imall and boiled well, in water greuel, to cleanfe the blood and ftrengthen the —
liver, thereby keeping the body in health, and fitting it for that change of feafun
that is coming. ~

Oe ft’ CLOWN’s WOUNDWORT: s
DescriPrion. IT groweth up fometimes to three or four feet high, but ufually
~ about two feet, with fquare, green, rough ftalks, but flender, jointed fomewhat far
afunder, and two very long, and fomewhat narrow, dark green leaves, bluntly dent-
ed about the edges, thereat ending in a long point. The flowers ftand toward the
tops compaffing the ftalks at the joints with the leaves and end likewife in a {piked ,
top, having long and much open gaping hoods, of a purpleifh red colour with whitg
ith fpots in them, ftanding in fomewhat rough hufks, wherein afterwards ftand
blackifh round feeds. The root is compofed of many long ftrings, with fome tuber-

ous long knobs growing among them, of a pale yellowifh or whitith colour, yet at

fome times of the year thefe knobby roots in many places are. not feen in the plant :
the whole plant fmelleth fomewhat ftrongly, ec: med! 3 ; y 3

Prace. It groweth in fundry counties of this land, both north and welt, and fre-
quently by path fides.in the fields near about London, and withjp three or four miles
diftance about it, yet ufually grows inor near ditches,

Time. It flowereth in June and July, and the feed is ripe foon after. -

GOVERNMENT AND Virtues, It is under the dominion of the planet Saturn, >It
is fingularly effectual in all freth and green wounds, and therefore beareth not this —
ame for nought. And is very available in ftanching of blood, and to dry up the ©
fluxes of humours in old fretting ulcers, cancers, &c. that hinder the healing of
them. —A fyrup made of the juice of it is inferior to none for inward wounds, rup-
tures of veins, bloody flux, veflels broken, fpitting, piffing, or vomicting blood:

Tuptures are excellently and {peedily, even to admiration, cured by taking nowand — ee

x29 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

then a little of the fyrup, and applying an ointment or plaifter of the herb to the
place; and alfo if any vein be fwelled, or mufcl¢ cut, apply a plaifter of this herb to
it, and if you add a little comfrey to it, it willnot do amifs. I affure you this herb
deferves commendation though it have gotten but a clownifh name, and whoever reads

this, if he try itas I have done, will commend it as well as me.~-—It is of an earthy
nature..

©: O° Gi? se BAD.

OTHERWISE calied red fitchling, or medick fetch.

Description. This hath divers. weak but rough ftalks, half a yard long, leaning
downwards, befet with winged leaves, longer and more pointed than thofe of lentils,
and whitifh underneath ; from the tops of thofe ftalks arife up other flender ftalks,
naked without leaves unto the tops, where there grow many {mall flowers in manner -
of a fpike, of a pale reddifh colour, with fome bluenefs among them; after which

rife up in their places, round, rough, and fomewhat flat heads. The root is tough and
fomewhat woody, yet liveth and fhooteth afrefh
Piace. It groweth under hed
places of this land. |
Time. They flower
the mean while. |
GovERNMENT anp Virturts,

every year,
ges, and fometimes in the open fields, in divers

all the months of July and Aueutt, na ifie feed ripeneth in

over It is under the dominion of Venus. Tt hath power to
ratify and digeft, and therefore the green leaves bruifed and laid as a plaifter, difperf- _
eth knots, nodes, or kernels in the flefh: and if when it is dry it be taken in wine, it
helpeth the ftranguary ; and being anointed with oil, it provoketh fweat. It is a fin-
gular food for cattle, to caufe them to give ftore of milk, and why then may it not
do the like being boiled in the ordinary drink of nurfes ? : |

'

ce COLUMBINES
are fo well known, growing inalmoft every garden, that I think I may
cl | ting adefcription of them,

moft part when June is paft,

ot aa Venus. The leaves of colum-
Ws swith Sood fuccefs, for fore mouths and throats ;

Bens ‘the feed taken in Wine with a little faffron, openeth
| obftruc-

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 190

obftructions of the liver, and is good for the yellow jaundice, if the party after the tak
ing thereof be laid to fweat well in his bed: the feed alfo taken in wine caufeth a
fpeedy delivery of women in child-birth; if one draught fuffice not, let her drin k a
fecond, and it will be effeCtual. The Spaniards ufed to eat a piece of the root hereof
fafting, many days together, to help them when troubled with the ftone in the reins

or kidnies.

WU COL Ts Fo or

‘ CALLED alfo cough-wort, foal’s foot, horfe-hoof, and bull’s foot.

Description. This fhooteth up a flender ftalk with fmall yellowith ower:
fomewhat early, which fall away quickly ; after they are paft come up fomewhat
round leaves, fometimes dented a little about the edges, much Jefs, thicker, and
greener than thofe of butter-bur, with a little down or freeze over the green leaf on
the upper fide, which may be rubbed away, and whitifh or mealy underneath. The
root is {mall and white, fpreading much under ground, fo that where it taketh it will
hardly be driven away again, if any little piece be abiding therein; and from thence’
fpringeth frefh leaves.

Prace. It groweth as well in wet grounds as in drier places.

Time. And flowereth in the end of February, the leaves beginning to appear im
March. 7 ?

Government anv Virtuts. The plant is under Venus. The freth leaves, or
juice, or a fyrup made thereof, is good fora hot, dry cough, for wheezings and
fhortnefs of breath : the dry leaves are beft for thofe that have thin rheums, and dif-
tillations upon their lungs, caufing a cough, for which alfo the dried leaves taken as
tobacco, or the root, is very good. The diftilled water hereof fimply, or with elder
flowers and nightfhade, is a fingular remedy againft all hot agues, to drink two
ounces at a time, and apply cloaths wet therein to the head and ftomach; which alfo
doth much good being applied to any hot fwellings or inflammations ; it helpeth St.
Anthony’s fire and burnings, and is fingular good to take away wheals and fmalt
puthes that arife through. heat; as alfo the burning heat of the og Or privy feck

| ee wet therein being thereunto applied, . ag

Hen Mh ark a RT Cg Ce
7

<6 Ber He

Decieeae THE common great comfry hath nai very large and hairy green.
leaves, lying on the ground, fo. hairy or prickly that if they touch any tender part of

the hands, face, or body, it will caufe it to itch: the ftalk that rifeth up from a mon 2 ae

gs CULPEPER’s ENGLISH, PHYSICIAN,

them being two or three feet high, hollowed, and cornered, is alfo very hairy, having —
many fuch like leaves as grow below, but runs lefs and lefs. upto the top. At the
“joints of the ftalks it is divided into many branches, with fome leaves thereon, and at
the ends ftand many flowers in order one above another, which are fomewhat long
and hollow like the finger of a glove, of a pale whitifh colour, after which come
fmall black feed. The roots are great and long, fpreading great thick branches un- _
der ground, black on the outfide and whitifh within, fhort or eafy to break, and full
ofa glutinous or clammy juice, of dittle or no tafte at all.
There is another fort in all things like this, fave only it is fomewhat lefs, and bear-
eth flowers of a pale purple colour. _ ,
Pace. They grow by ditches and water fides, and in divers fields that are mortt,
for therein they chiefly delight to grow : : the firft ego through all the land, and
ae other but i in fome feveral places. |
Time. They flower in June and July, and give their feed in Husa
GovernmMENT and Virtues. This is alfo an herb of Saturn, and I fuppofe under
the fign Capricorn, cold, dry, and earthy in quality. What was fpoken of clown’s.
‘woundwort may be faid of this; the great comfry helpeth thofe that {pit blood, or
‘make a bloody urine’; the root bojled in water or wine, and the decoction drank,
helpeth all inward hurts, bruifes, and wounds, and the ulcers of the lungs, caufeth
the phlegm that oppreffeth them to be eafily fpit forth; it ftayeth the defluxions of’
: theum from the head upon the lungs, the fluxes of blood or humours by the belly,
‘womens’ immoderate courfes, as well the reds as the whites ; and the running of the
= reins happening by what caufe foever. A fyrup made thereof is very effectual for all
__thofe inward griefs and hurts; and the diftilled warer for the fame purpofe alfo, and
| _ for outward wounds and fores in the flefhy or finewy part of the body wherefoevers
as salfo to take away the fits of agues, and to allay the fharpnefs of humours. . A’de-
on. of the leaves hereof is available to all the purpofes, though not fo effectual
roots. The roots being outwardly apphed, helpeth frefth wounds or cuts im-
» being bruifed and laid thereunto; and is efpecial good for ruptures and
yea, it is faid to be fo powerful to confolidate and knit together, that
ith diffevered pieces of flefh in a pot, it will join them: together
be applied to womens’ breafts that grow fore by the abundance
em ; as alfo to reprefs the overmuch bleeding of the hemor
ation of the parts thereabout, and to give eafe of pains.
beaten fmall, and fpread apon leather, and laid uP-
g Sproul Bite eafe of the pains. apd ap-

AND COMPLETE HERBAL; 13t

plied in the fame manner, giveth eafe to pained joints, and profiteth very much for
running and moift ulcérs, Gangrenes, miortifications, and the ike, for which it hath
by often experience been found helpful.

po CORAL WORT,

IT is alfocalied by fome, toothwort, toothed violet, dog-teeth violet, and
Dentaris. |

Description. Of the many forts of this herb, two of them may be fund ¢ growing
inthis kingdom ; the firft of which fhooteth forth one or two winged leaves upon
long brownith footftalks, which are doubled down at their firft coming out of the |
ground: when they are fulty opened they confift of feven leaves, moft commonly of
a fadgreen colour, dented about the edges, fet on both fides the middle rib one a-
@ainft another, as the leaves of the afh-tree; the ftalk beareth no leaves on the lower
half of it, the upper half beareth fometimes three or four, each confifting of five
leaves, fometimes but of three; on the top ftand four or five flowers upon fhort foot~
ftalks, with long hufks; the flowers are very like the flowers of ftock gilliflowers,
of a pale purpleifh colour, confifting of four leaves apiece, after which come {mall
cods which contain the feed: the root is very fmooth, white, and fhining, it doth
not grow downwards, but creeping along under the upper cruft of the ground, and
confifteth of divers fmall round knobs, ft together : towards the top of the ftalk
there grow fmall fingle leaves, by éach of which cometh a fmall round cloven bulb,
which when itis ripe, if it be fet in thé ‘ground, it will grow to be 4 root, and is
efteemed a good way of cultivating the herb.

As for the other coralwort which’ groweth in this nation, "tis more fearce than
this, being a very fmall plant, not much unlike crowfoot, therefore fome think it to
be one of the forts of crowfoot. I know noe ina you to: it, and there-
fore fhall forbear the defcription.

Prace. The firft groweth near Mayfield in Sulfex, it in a wood called High-reed,
and in another wood there alfo, ‘called Fox-holes,

Time. They flower from the latter end of April tothe middle of May, and pee
the middle of July they are gone and not to be found.

Government and Virtus. It isunder the dominion of the Moon. It cleanfeth
the bladder and provoketh urine, expels gravel and the ftone, it eafeth pains in the
fides and bowels; it is “excellent good: for inward wounds, efpecially fuch as are

made in the breaft or ‘Tungsy by taking a drachm of the powder of the root every —
© No, 19, : oN — morn=

32. CULPEPER’s ENGLISH. PHYSICIAN,

morning in wine ; the fame is excellent good for ruptures, as alfo to ftop fluxes: ai
ointment made of it, is excellent good for wounds and ulcers, for it foon dries up
the watery humour which hinders the cure. -

a | 7
Eo Pme OY.
YpeoostTMaAa

CALLED alfo alecoft, or balfam herb.
This is fo frequently known to bean inhabitant in almoft every garden, that I fupy
" -pofe it needlefs to write a defcription thereof.
Time. It fowereth in June and July.

_ GovERNMENT AND Viatuss. It is under the dominion of Jupiter. The or-
dinary coftmary as well as maudlin, provoketh urine abundantly, and moifteneth
the hardnefs of the mother ; it gently purgeth: choler and phlegm, extenuating that
which is grofs, and cutting that which is tough. and glutinous, cleanfeth that which
is foul, and hindereth putrefaction and-corruption ; it diflolveth without attraction,
openeth obftructions, and healeth their. evil effects, and is a wonderful help to all
forts of dry agues. It is aftringent to the ftomach, and ftrengtheneth the liver, and
call the other inward parts, and if taken in, whey worketh the more effectually. Taken —
fafting in the morning, it-is 'yery- profitable for the pains of the head that are con-
tinual, and to ftay, dry up, and confume all:thin rheums, or diftillations from the

head into the ftomach;. and hel peth- much to digeft raw humours that are gathered
“therein, It is very profitable for thofe that are fallen into a continual evil difpofi-

= tion of the whole body ¢alled cachexia, .being taken, efpecially in the beginning of
the difeafe Itisan efpecial friend and help to evil, weakand cold livers. The feed
aerk is familiarly given to children for the worms, and fo is the infufion of the flowers ia
nae . ‘ ite wine, giver them to the quantity of two ounces at a time : it maketh an eX-
Se) cellent falve to cleanfe and heal old ulcers, being boiled with oil olive, and adder’s
; Ewith its. and after it is ftrained, to put in a little wax, rozin, and turpentine,

AWinto a convenient body. = laa ee

Dea dh es t
PAL!

5 oom 5 tS |,

CU DoW Ee Bia.
ed, it is alfo called cottonweed, chaffweed, dwarf cotton, and

a on cudweed rifeth up with one ftalk, though fome=
5 eee ON all fides with fmall, long, and narrow whitifh or
~ Mucale of the ftalk almoft up to the top; with every leaf
oS . ftandeth_

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 133

ftandeth a {mall flower, of a dun or brownith yellow colour, or not fo yellow as
others; in which herbs, after the flowers are fallen, come {mall feed wrapped up with”
the down therein, and is carried away with the wind. The root is {mall and thready.
There are other forts hereof, which are fomewhat lefs than the former, not much
different, fave only that the ftalk and leaves are fhorter, fo the flowers are paler,
and more open, ; :
Puact. They grow in dry, barren, fandy, and gravelly grounds, in molt laces
of this land.
Tims. They flower about Selo fome earlier and fome later, and their ed is ripe:
in Auguft.
.. Government anv Virtues, Venus is lady of it. The ee. are all aftrin-
gent, or binding and drying, and therefore profitable for defluctions of rheum from:
the head, and to ftay fluxes of blood wherefoever. The decoétion being made into:
red wine and drank, or the powder taken therein, alfo helpeth the bloody flux, and
eafeth the torments that come thereby, ftayeth the immoderate courfes of women, and.
is alfo good for inward or outward wounds, hurts, and bruifes, and helpeth children
both of burftings and the worms, and the difeafe called tenafinus, which is an often —
provocation to the ftool, and doing nothing, being either drank or injected, The
green leaves bruifed and laid to any green wound, faye the bleeding, and healeth
“it up quickly ; the decoétion or juice thereof doth the fame, ard helpeth all‘old and.
filthy ulcers quickly. The juice of the herb taken in wine and milk, is (as Pliny
faith) a fovereign remedy againft the mumps and quinfey ; and further faith, that.
whofoever fhall fo take it, fhall never be troubled with that difeafe again *,

AG COW 1 PR

‘KNOWN alfo by the name of peagles.

Both the wild and garden cowflips are fo well known, that I will = trouble:
-myfelf nor the reader with any defcription of them. —

Time. They flower in April and May. | :

GovERNMENT AND Virtues. Venus lays claim to the herb as her Own, and it
= is under the fign See and our city dames know well enough the ointment or he .

me

?

* The tops of this plant, before it has reached its « full growth, have the fame virtue. I Tare ee

‘it ufed only in one place. ’Tis frequent in Charlton Foreft, in Suffex, and was given with fuccefs : : sae i s
for that almoft incurable difeafe the chin-cough. Beat it up into a conferve, very fine, witha

eae oF fags, and let the bignefs of a pea be eaten at.a time,

134 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

tilled water of it, adds beauty, or at leaft reftores it when it is loft. The flowers ate
held to be more effectual than the leaves, and the roots of little ufe. An ointment
being made with them, taketh away fpots, and wrinkles of the ain, fun-burning, and
freckles, and adds beauty exceedingly ; they remedy all infirmities of the head yee
ingof heat and wind, as vertigo, ephialtes, falfe apparitions, phrenzies, falling, ge
nels, palfies, convulfions, cramps, and pains in the nerves ; the roots eafe pains if
the back and bladder, and open the paffages of urine. The leaves are good in
wounds, and the flowers take away trembling. If the flowers be not ace dried and
Kept in a warm place, they will foon putrefy and look green ; have a fpecial eye over
them. If youlet them fee the fun once a month, it will do them no harm.
Becaufe they ftrengthen the brain and nerves, and remedy the palfies, the Greeks
gave them the name of paralvfis. The flowers preferved or conferved, and the quan-
tity of a nutmeg eaten every morning, is a fufficient dofe for inward difeafes; but for
wounds, fpots, wrinkles and fun-burning, an oinment is made of the leaves, and |
hog’s greafe. : 7
OP Se a es ee oR Oe EA ee
CALLED alfo water fengrene, knigh’s pond-water, water houfleek, pond-
weed, and freth-water foldier. yee
Daseription. It hath fundry long narrow leaves, with harp prickles on the edges
_ of them, alfo very tharp pointed, the ftalks which bear flowers, feldom grow fo high
_ vas the leaves, bearing a forked head like a crab’s claw, out of which comes a white
fower, confifting of three: leaves, with divers yellowith hairy threads in the middle
it taketh root in the mud, in the bottom of the water.
_ Frace, Itgroweth plentifully in the fens in Lincolathire.
oe Time. It flowers in June, and ufually from thence till Aueult. :
Government axp Virtues. *Tis a plant under the dominion of Venus, and
ws 2 great ftrengthener of the reins ; it is excellent good in that inflammation

‘commonly called St. Anthony’s fire, it affwageth all inflammations and
10. wounds 5 and an ointment made of it is. excellent good to heal them :
7a better remedy growing than this for fuch as have bruifed their kid-

mt Account piffing blood. A drachm of the powder of the herb
‘Morn! ig 1s a very good remedy to ftop the terms,

tf Bha eo CRESS E 5.
Phath long leaves deepl ty Cut and jagged on both fides, nov much
5 the alk’ are finall, very limber though very tough; YOU
oe may

~

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 135

say twift them round as you may a willow before they break. The flowers are very
mall and yellow, after which comes {mall cods which contain the iced.
' Pract. Itis a common herb, grows ufually by the way fides, and fometimes up-
on mud walls about London, but it delights moft to grow.among {tones and rubbifh,
Time. It flowers in June and July, and the feed is ripe in Auguft and Sep-
tember. Se
GovERNMENT AND Virtues. °Tis under the dominion of Mars, and is a plant
of ahot and biting nature: the truth is, the feed of black creffes ftrengthen the brain
exceedingly, being in performing that office little inferior to muftard feed, if atvall :
they are excellent good to ftay thofe rheums which fall down from the head upon the
lungs. You may beat the feed into powder if you pleafe, and make it up into an .
-_lectuary with honey, fo have you an excellent remedy by you, not only for the pre-
mifes, but alfo for the cough, yellow jaundice,and fciatica. The herb boiled into a
poultice, is an excellent remedy for inflammations both i in womens’ breafts and in

amen’s tefticles.

DY scrnries CRESSES.

Description. THESE are of two kinds; the firft rifeth up with a round ftalle
about two feet high, fpread into divers branches, whofe lower leaves are fomewhat —
larger than the upper, yet all of them cut or torn on the edges, fomewhat like garden
creffes, but finaller : the flowers are fmall and white, growing on the tops of the
branches, where afterwards grow hufks, with fmallith brown feed therein, very
{trong and fharp in tafte, more than the creffes of the garden, The root is long,
white and woody.

The other fort hath the lower leaves whole, fomewhat long and broad, not torn
at all, but only fomewhat deeply dented about the edges toward the ends, but thofe
that grow higher up are lefs. The flowers and feed are like the former, and fo is the
- oot likewife : and both root and feed as fharp as it. |

- Pracz. Thefe grow by the way fides in untilled places, and ‘a the fides of
old walls. |
Time. They flower in the end of June, il their feed is ripein July.
Government anv Virtuzs. It isa Saturnine plant: the leaves, but efpecially
the roots taken frefh in the fummer time, beaten and made into a poultice or falve
with old hog’s greafe, and applied to the places pained with the fciatica, to continue

thereon four hours if it Re ng man, and cwo hours on.a woman, the Place afters oe

No; tg. 2 O.

wards

6 CULPEPSER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

wards bathed with wine and oil mixed together, and then wrapped with wool or fkins
after they have fweat a little, will affuredly cure not only the fame difeafe in the hips,
huckel-bone, or other of the joints, as gout in the hands or feet, but all other old
griefs of the head, (as inveterate rheums) and other parts of the body that are hard td
be cured. And if of the former griefs any parts remain, the fame medicine after
twenty days is to be applied again, The fame is alfo effectual in the difeafe of the
fpleen, and applied to the fkin, it taketh away the blemithes thereof, whether they be —
{cars, leprofy, feabs, or fcurf; which although it ulcerate the part, yet that is to bé
helped afterwards with a falve made of oil and wax *, Efteem this as a valuable fectet.

ea penance
“i AUP WATER-CRESSES,

_ Description. OUR ordinary water-creffes {preadeth forth with many. weak, hol-
‘low, fappy ftalks, fhooting out fibres at the joints, and upwards long winged leaves,.
made of fundry broad, fappy, and almoft round leaves, of a brownith green colour;
the flowers are many and white, ftanding on long footftalks, after which come fmall
yellow feed, contained in {mall long pods like horns: the whole plan
the winter, and tafteth fomewhat hot and tharp.
~Piace. They grow for the moft
in fmall rivulets of running water.
_ Time. They flower and feed in the beginning of fummer. |
-GovERNMENT and Virtuzs. ‘It is an herb under the dominion of the Moon.
| Tt is more powerful againft the fcuryy, and to cleanfe the blood and humours than —
x brooklime, and ferves in all the other ufes in which brooklime is available; as to”
‘break he ftone, and provoke urine and womens? courfes§, The decoction thereof
“Cleanfeth ulcers by wafhing them therewith; the leaves bruifed, or the juice, is good
> torte applied to the face or other parts troubled with freckles, pimples, pots, or thé
Bs. atnight, and wathed away in the morning. The juice mixed with vinegar, and |

ore part of the head bathed therewith. is ve ‘and
have the idtharny SP ear 5 ry Babe 4 for thofe — are du

plant abideth green in

part in the {mall ftanding waters, yet fometimes

»

? . Be
oe Pe green ficknefs, and is a certain reftorative
“rote manner; Chop and boil them in the broth of

Water-crefs

w

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 1S oo ay

* Water-crefs pottage is a good remedy to cleanfe the blood in the fpring, and help
head-achs, and confume the grofs humours winter hath left behind ; thofe who would

live in health, may make ufe of this; if any fancy not pottage, they may eat the
herb asa fallad.

Se Oss ae WORT.

Deseritption. COMMON crofs-wort groweth up with {quare hairy brown ftalks
little above a foot high, having four fmall, broad, and pointed, hairy, yet fmooth
green leaves, growing at every joint, each againft other crofsways, which has.caufed
the name. Toward the tops of’the ftalks at the joints, with the leaves in three or
four-rows downward, ftand fmall, pale, yellow flowers, after which:come fmall,
blackifh round feeds, four for the moft-part, fet inevery hufk ; the root is very {malt
and fullof fibres or threads, taking good hold of the ground, and fpreading with the
branches a great deal of ground, which perifh not in perigpen. anova the saves die
every year, and {pring again anew. ;

Peace. It groweth in many moift oad as well lecadions! as untilled paghed :
~ about London, in Hampftead church-yard, at Wye in Kent, annd fundry other
places. Es

Time. It fowereth from May all the fummer long, in one place or another, as
they are more open to the Sun ; the feed ripeneth foon after.

GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. Itis under the dominion of Saturn, This isa fin- ~
gular good wound herb, and is ufed inwardly, not only to ftay bleeding of wounds,
but to confolidate them, as it doth outwardly any green wound, which it quickly
drieth up and healeth. The decoétion of the herb in wine, helpeth to. expeClorate
phlegm out of the cheft, and is good for obftruétions in the breaft, ftomach, or |
bowels, and helpeth a decayed appetite. It is alfo good to wath any wound or. fore
with, to cleanfe and heal it. The herb bruifed and then boiled, and applied out-.
wardly for certain days together, renewing it often, and in the mean time, the decoc-:
tion of the herb in wine, taken inwardly every day, doth certainly cure the rupture _
in any, fo as it be not too inveterate ; but very fpeedily, if it be freth and lately taken,

f0 cROWFOOT. ee
| MANY wane names this furious biting herb. hath obtained ; it is called frogs

foot, from the Greek name Larrakion, crowfoot, gold-knobs, gold-cups; miaie ae e a

ie troil-Howers, polts, locket-goulions, and butter-flowers, -

Y

138 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSIC CIAN,

Abundant are the forts of this herb, that-to defcribe them al] would tire the pa
tience of Socrates himfelf ; therefore fhall only defcribe the moft ufual.
' ‘Déseriprion. The moft common crow-foot hath many dark green leaves, cut
into divers patts, in tafte biting and fharp, biting and bliftering the tongue ; it bears
many flowers, and thofe of a bright, refplendent, yellow colour. I do not remember
that Lever faw any thing yellower. Virgins in ancient times ufed to make powder of
them to furrow bride beds. After the flowers come {mall eee fomewhat fpiked
and rugged like a pine-apple, “a
_ Prace. They grow very common every where jules you turn your head i into a
begee, you cannot butifee them as you' walk. es

Time. They flower in May and June, even till Seoecinber.

a | GovernMENt AND Virtues. ‘This fiery and hot {pirited herb of Mars, is no
_ way fitto be given inwardly, but an ointment of the leaves or flowers will draw a
blifter, and may be fo ficly applied tothe nape of the neck, to draw back rheum from —
the eyes. The herb being bruifed and mixed with a little muftard, draws a blifter 4
as well and as perfectly as cantbarides, and with far lefs danger to the veffels of urine,
which cantharides naturally delight to wrong. “a knew the herb once applied toa
~ pettilential rifing that was fallen down, and it faved life even beyond hope; it were

. Bead Keering an ointment and platter of it, fa it were but for that.

=

at cuCcKOW.- POINT.
~~ EF is called alto n, janus, and barba-aron, calves- foot, ramp, ftarch-wort, We
- -kow-pintle, |

ie! *s-pintle, and wake-robin. :

Description, This thooteth forth three, four, or five leaves at the moft, fiom
ne TOOK, every one whereof is fomewhat large and long, broad at the bottom, next
th ftalk, and forked, but ending i in a point, without ; a cut on the edges, of a full
a n-colour, each ftanding t upon a thick round ftalk, of a handful breadth long, oF

hich, after two or three months that they begin to wither, ‘rifeth up
nitill green ftalk, fpotte and ftreaked with purple, fomewhat higher
ves 3a the top whereof ftandeth : a long, hollow houte or hufk, clofe at
| from the middle upwards, a in a point 5 in the middle

hutk j is on a the infide, ‘though green Fichodlt ; which
n conse the otk ewitlt the claphet sheet coi 5

a <a

]
‘Ommon Male lists

Capers.

$ OEE pee, L fit “ga
it usd nie oO es 2 Gi

Ra

Gabs Carvs

x

Sreatiaa Orgses

] :
broad leavid Fowfiet luckorww Pint

lore! Pree é afta fistula

AND COMPLETE HERBAL:

andof a yellowifh red colour when they are ripe, of the fize of a hazel nut kernel,
which abideth thereon almoft until winter; the root is round, and fomewhat long,
for the moft part lying along, the leaves fhooting forth at the bigger end, which
when it beareth its berries, are fomewhat wrinkled and loofe, another growing under
it, which is folid and firm, with many fmall threads hanging thereat. The whole
plant is of a very fharp biting tafte, pricking the tongue as nettle do the hands, and
fo abideth for a great while without alteration. The root hereof was anciently ufed
inftead of ftarch to ftarch linen withal. t

There is another fort of cuckow-point, with fmaller leaves than the former, and
fometimes harder, having blackifh {pots upon them, which for the moft part abide >
longer green in fummer than the former, and both leaves and roots are more fharp and.

139

_ . fierce thanit; in all things elfe it is like the former. |

Prace. Thefe two forts grow frequently almoft under every -hedge-fide in many
places of this land. — . .
_, Time. They fhoot forth leaves in the {pring, and continue only until the middle of
-fummer, or fomewhat later; their hufks appearing before they fall away, and theif
fruit fhewing in April.
GoveRNMENT anp Virtues. It is under thedominion of Mars. Tracus te
porteth, that a drachm weight, or more, if need be, of the {potted wake-robin, either
frefh and green or dried, being eaten and taken, is a moft prefent and fure remedy
for poifon and the plague. The juice of the herb taken to the quantity of a {poonful
hath the fame effect butif there be alittle vinegar added thereunto, as well as unto
the root aforefaid, it fomewhat allayeth the fharp biting tafte thereof upon the tongue,
The green leaves bruifed, and laid upon any boil or plague-fore, doth very won-
derfully help to draw forth the poifon. A drachm of the powder of the dried root
taken with twice as much fugar in the form of a licking electuary, or the green root,
doth wonderfully help thofe that are purfy or fhort winded, as alfo thofe that have a
Cough ; it breaketh, digefteth, and riddeth away phlegm from the ftomach, cheft,
and lungs, The milk wherein the root hath been boiled, is effe@ual alfo for the
fame purpofe, The faid powder taken in wine or other drink, or the juice of the ber-
Ties, or the powder of them, or the wine wherein they have been boiled, provoketh
urine, and bringeth down womens’ courfes, and purgeth them effectually after child-
bearing, to bring away the afterbirth: taken with fheep’s milk, it healeth the in-

ward ulcers of the bowels, The diftilled water hereof is effectual to all the purpofes

aforefaid. A fpoonful taken at atime healeth the itch; and an ounce or more taken

at a time for fome days together, doth help the rupture, the leaves, either green of : we a

dry, or the juice of them, doth cleanfe all manner of rotten and filthy ulcers, in what
Part of the body foever, and healeth the ftinking fores in the nofe, called pe ,
No. IQ, 2 P . pa

149 CULPEPER’ $ ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

The water wherein the root hath been boiled, droppéd into the eyes, cleanfeth cheng”
from any film or fkin, cloud or mift, which begin to hinder the fight, and helpeth the |
watering and rednefs of them; or when, by accident they become black and blue,
The root mixed with bean flour, am applied to the throat or jaws that are inflamed,

helpeth them ; the juice of the berries boiled in oil of rofes, or beaten into powder
mixed with the oil, and dropped into the ears, eafeth pains in them : the berries or the ©
roots beaten with hot ox-dung and applied, eafeth the pains of the gout: the leaves:
and roots boiled in wine with a little oil, and applied tothe piles, or the falling down

of the fundament, eafeth them, and fo doth fitting over the hot fumes thereof: the

frefh roots bruifed, and diftilled with a little milk, yieldeth a moft fovereign water to
cleanfe the fkin from f{curf, freckles, fpots, or blemifhes whatfoever therein. ®,

PMU CUCUMBERS.

“ACCORDING to the pronunciation of the vulgar, cowcumbers.
Government and Virtves. There is no difpute to be made, but that they are
under the dominion of the Moon, though they are fo much rejected’ for their
_coldnefs, and by fome affirmed, that if they were but one degree colder they would be
poifon. ‘The beft of Galenifts hold them to be cold and moift but in the fecond de-
gree, and then not fo hot as lettuce or purflain: they are excellent good for hot fto-
machs and livers ; the unmeafurable ufe of them fills the body full of raw humours,
and fo indeed does any thing elfe when ufed to an excefs. The juice of cucumbers,
the face being wafhed with it, cleanfeth the fkin, and is excellent good for hot rheums
in the eyes; the feed is excellent to provoke urine, and cleanfe the paffages thereof
when they are ftopped ; neither do I think there is a better remedy for ulcers in the
| ‘Bladder growing than cucumbers are; the ufual courfe is to ufé the feeds im emul-
ons, as they make almond milk, but a better way by far (in my opinion) is this,
hen the feafon of the year is, take the cucumbers and bruife them well, and diftif
ater from them, and let fuch as are troubled with ulcers in their bladders, drink
t drink. The face being wafhed with the fame water, cureth the reddeft
| I alfo excellent good for funburning, freckles and morphew.

Pee. Be Re Bs,

Saeageees' berries, fomewhat fweet, about the bignefs of oe ae
, Gens a ic d, but more rugged or crefted, being either hollow,. or nav-
as ftalk ae hot tafte, but not fo fiery as pepper ;. and having each a
on them IKE a tai a thefe grow on trees lefs than apple trees, with leaves

ee ‘¥ country p }
pe <3 ou Mla Ku ic ad tae to

=

AND COMPLETE: HERBAL: 4 Tete
patrower than thofe of pepper; the flower is fweet, and the fruit groweth cluftering:.
together. The Arabians call them quabebe, and quabebe chini : they grow plentifully .
in Java; they are uféd to ftir up venery, and to warm and ftrengthen the ftomach,:
being overcome with phlegm or wind, they cleanfe the breaft of thick. tough hu--
mours, helpeth the fpleen, and are very profitable for the cold griefs of the womb,.
Being chewed in the moutlr with maftick,. they draw rheum: from the head, and.
ftrengthen the brain and. memory. aaa

LYE CO ven, WHITE, and BLACK CURRANTS,

Names. THE Latin names for currants are ribes,.and ribes fruéiu rubro the red}
eurrant, a/bo white, and xigro black. :
‘Description. The red currant bufh hath a ftalk covered witha thin-brownithi
_ bark outwards, and greenifh underneath, the leaves are of a blackith. green, cut om’
the edges into five parts, much like a vine leaf, but fmaller; the flowers come forth
at the joints of the leaves, many together on a long ftalk, hanging down about a fine
Ger’s length ; of an herby colour, after which come round berries, green at the firft,.
but red when they are ripe: of a pleafant tart tafte, wherein is {mall feed, the root is. -
woody and fpreading, | |
There is another fort hereof, whofe berries are twice as large as the former, and of
a better relifh. eee : i
The white currant tree hath a taller and ftraighter ftem than the red, a whiter.
bark, ‘and fimaller leaves, but hath fuch-like berries upon long ftalks, of the fame big-
nefs as the firft, but of a fhining tranfparent whitenefs, and of a more pleafant tafte.
than the former.. |
- The black currant rifeth higher than the laft, and is thicker fet with branches round _
about, and more pliant, the younger covered witha pale, and the elder with a browner-
bark ; the leaves are fmaller than thofe of the former, and often with fewer cuts.
_ therein: the flowers are alike, but of a greenifh purple colour, which produce fmall:
black berries ; the leaves and fruit have an unpleafant fmell, but yet are wholefome,,
— though not pleafant. ein ee tae
Place. All thefe forts of currants-grow plentifully in England, in gardens where:
they are planted ;. they have been found growing naturally wild in Savoy and.Swit—
zerland, as Gesner faith; and fome in Auftria, faith Cuavustus : they grow in great
abundance in Candia, and other places in the Straights, from. whence in great-quane-
tities they are brought dried untous. | fe
Tim, They flower and. bear fruit in June, July, and Auguft, Page oee: oe
Government anv Vintuzs, Currants are under the influence of the benevolent

os

142 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

planet Venus ; they are of a moift temperate refrething nature ; the red and white
currants are good to cool and refrefh faintings of the ftomach, to quench thirft, and »
ftir up an appetite, and therefore are profitable in hot and fharp agues: it tempereth
the heat of the liver‘and blood, and the fharpnefs of choler, and refifteth putrefac-
tion; it alfo taketh away the loathing of meat, and weaknefs of the ftomach by much
vomiting, and is good for thofe that have any laofenefs of the belly; Gesner faith
that the Switzers ufe them for the cough, and fo well they may; for, take dry cur-
” yants a quarter of a pound, of brandy half a pint, fec the brandy on fire, then bruife
the currants and put them into the brandy while it is burning, ftirring them until the
brandy is almoft confumed, that it becomes like unto an electuary ; it is an excellent
remedy to be taken hot for any violent cough, cold, or rheum. The black currants
and the leaves are ufed in fauces by thofe who like the tafte and {cent of them; which.
I believe very few do of either. 2

Th COKAR-NUT TREE.

Description and Names. THIS groweth to bea large timber-tree, the body
__ covered with a fmooth bark ; bare or naked, without any branch, to a great height,
(for which caufe the Indians do either bore holes therein, at certain diftances, and
knock ftrong pegs into them, which ftick out fo far as may ferve for footing to get
up into the tree, to gather the juice or liquor, and the fruit; or fatten ropes with

ee nails round about thetree, with fpaces which ferve as fteps to go up into it) and to-

: Re scab t fpreadeth out into fundry great arms, which bow themfelves almoft
round ; with large leaves on them like the date tree leaf, but larger, whofe middle rib

os iS very great, and abiding always green, and with fruit alfa, continually one fucceed-

‘ing another: from. between the lower boughs come forth fmaller ftalks, hanging

_ Gown, and bearing fundry flowers on them, like thofe of the cheftnut-tree ; after
a Which come large, three-fquare fruit ‘or nuts, ten or twelve, and fometimes twenty
sc! phonetics, as big as one’s head, or as a fmaller pompion, almoftround, buta
rat theend, covered with a hard, tough, afh-coloured, thick bark, aninch
Places, and within it a hard, woody, bro wnith fhell, but black, being
; tag head or top thereof three holes, fomewhat refembling the
3 between which outer bark and this fhell, grow many

aes the Indians maro, in Malaca, ‘rican and in
emations, The timber of this tree is folid and firm,
ut-tree, and fit for any building; and Garcias faith,

*
-

it

AND COMPLETE HERBAL 143
it is of two ferts, (1 fuppofe he meaneth for two ufes), the one to bear fruit,. the,

> _ other to extract the iquor which iffues therefrom, when the branches are cut, or when

tie

it is bored, and received into fome things tyed thereunto for-that purpofe, which li-
quor they call in their language, fura; and it fheweth like unto troubled wine, but

- in tafte like new fweet wine, which being boiled they call orraque ; and being diftilled
_ it yieldeth a fpirit like unto our agua vite, and it is ufed for the fame purpofes as we

do ours, and will burn like it: they call it fu/a, and being fet in the Sun it will be:
come good vinegar, and that which runneth laft, being fet in the Sun to grow hardy
or boiled to hardnefs, will become fugar, which they call jagra. Of the inner kernel
while it is frefh, they make bread; the frefher the nuts are, the {weeter is the meat
thereof. ;
GovERNMENT AND Virtugs. This is a folar plant; the fruit or kernel of the
cokar-nut doth nourifh very much, and-is good for lean bodies; they increafe the ©

natural feed, and ftir up the appetite to venery, and are good to molify the hoarfenefs.

of the throat and voice. is ’

GEC ORPREE

THIS is reported to be the berries of certain fhrubs or bufhes growing in Arabia
and from thence into Turkey, and other parts. It is faid of itfelf to be infipid, hav-
ing neither fcent nor tafte ; but being pounded and baked, as they do prepare it to
make the coffee-liquor with, it then ftinks moft loathfomely, which is an argument
of fome Saturnine quality in it: the propugners for this filthy drink affirm, it cauf-
eth watchfulnefs ; (fo doth the ftinking hemlock and henbane in their firft operation

:

if unhappily taken into the body, but their worfe effects foon follow) they alfo fay it

makes them fober when they are drunk ; yet they would be always accounted fober
perfons, or at leaft think themfelves. fo when they can but once fit down i ina coffee-

9 houfe; certainly if there had been any worth in it, fome of the antient Arabian phy-

ficians, or others near thofe parts; would have recorded i it; but there is no mention
made of. any medicinal ufe thereof, by any author, either antient or modern ; neither
can it be indued with any fuch properties as the indulgers of it feed'their fancy with 5
but this I may truly fay of it, Quad Anglorum corpora, que bic liquori tantopere indulgent

wa te

“* $4 Barbarorum naturam mn degener afe Vidette Se ee ce t ;

ae eR E SSS Ff RoW Eee t ews ae ve

Sa IT hath no other name in n Englith, “but this tree is called Cupreffs
tin; and. the nuts or fruit thereof, Nuces. Cupreffi : in Englifh, cyprelS-nuts. 2 é
| Drscairtion. The cyprefs-tree hath a thick, ftraight, long ftem 5 upon W ich
No, I. 2Q Brow:

4g CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

grow many flender branches ; the which do not fpread abroad, but grow up in length
towards the top, fo that the cyprefs-tree is not broad but narrow, growing to a great
height: the bark of the cyprefs.tree is brown, the timber yellowifh, hard, thick, :
and clofe, and when it is dry of a pleafant imell, efpecially if it be fet near the fire,
The cyprefs-tree hath no particular leaves, but the branches inftead of leaves, bring:
forth fhort twigs, the which are cut and fnipt in many places, as if they were fet
about with many fmall leaves ; the fruit is round, almoft as big.as a prune or plumb,
which being ripe doth open in divers places, and hath in it a flat greyith feed.
Prace. The cyprefs-tree delights in dry, hilly, and mountainous places in
hot countries, ;
Time. The cyprefs-tree is always green, the fruit is ripe in September, at
the beginning of winter.
‘Government anv Virtves. Saturn rules this plant, the leaves and fruit are
dry inthe third degree, without any manifeft heat, and very aftringent, the fruit of,
cyprefs taken into the body, ftoppeth loofenefs and the blaody-flux, and is good
againft {pitting of blood, and all other iffues of blood; the .decoétion of the fame,
made with water, hath the fame virtue. The oil in which the fruit or leaves of cy-
prefs have been boiled, doth ftrengthen the ftomach, ftayeth vomiting, ftoppeth the
belly,and all Huxes of the fame, and cureth the excoriation or going off of the fkin,
from the fecret members. Cyprefs-nuts cure thofe who are burften, and that have
their bowels fallen into the fcrotum, being outwardly applied in cataplafms thereunto ;
the leaves have the fame virtue, but not fo {trong ; the fruit of cyprefs is alfo good
to cure polypus, which is corrupt flefh growing in the nofe. The fame bruifed with
dry figs, doth cure the blafting and fwelling of the yard and {tones ; and if leaven be
added thereto, it diffolveth and wafteth blotches and boils, being Jaid upon the
ed place. The leaves of cyprefs boiled in fweet wine or mede, doth help the
ary, and iffue of the bladder; the fame beaten very fmall and applied, doth
green wounds, and ftop the bleeding thereof; and being applied with

: two kinds hereof, the great cedar-tree and the {mall cedar ;
— ‘a white rofin, called in Latin cedria, and liquor cedrinis,

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 145
bark from the foot of the ftem unto the firft branches is rough, and from thence up
to the top it is imooth and plain, of a dark blue colour, out of which there droppeth
white rofin of its own kind, which is moift, odoriferous, or of a fweet fell, and by
the heat of the fun it becomes dry and hard; the limbs and branches of this treé
are. long, and parted into many other fmall branches, ftanding directly one againit
another, like thofe of the fir-tree, the faid branches are garnifhed with many {mall
leaves, thick and fhort, having a {weet favour; the fruit is like that of the fir-tree but
larger, thicker, and harder ; the whole tree groweth ftraight up like the fir-tree,

Of the fmaller cedar there are two kinds; the firft kind of {mall cedar is much

- like to juniper, but fomewhat fmaller, the ftem is crooked or writhed, and covered
with a rough bark; the fruit is. round berries, like juniper-berries, but fomewhat
greater of colour ; at the firft green, then yellow, and at Jaft reddifh, and of an in.
different good tafte.

The fecond kind of {mall codec secret not high; but remaineth fmall and low,
like the other, the leaves of this are not prickly, but fomewhat round and mofly at
the ends, almoft like the leaves of tamarifk and favin; the fruit of this kind beareth
alfo round berries, which at firft are green, afterwards yellow, and when saci are
ripe, they become reddifh, and are bitter in tafte.

Prace. The great cedar groweth in Africa and Syria, and upon ‘the moun.
tains of Libanus, Amanus, and Taurus.

The fecond kind groweth in Phoenicia, and in certain places of Italy, i in Catabria.
and alfo in Languedoc.

The third kind groweth in Lycia, and is, of Deg in certain parts of F rance, as im
Provence, and Languedoc.

Time. The great cedar perfecteth its fruit in two years, , and. it is never with:
out fruit, which is ripe at the beginning of winter. The {mall cedar-trees are always

- reen, and loaded wish fro, having. af.al ae? DONS BA both, ripe and un-
stipe, as hath j juniper,

Government AND ViaTUES. T he great cedar is under the dertaion: of the fun,
the fmaller of Mars; the cedar is hot’and dry in the third degree ; the rofin or li-
quor ¢edria, which runneth forth of the great cedar-tree, is hot and dry aloft in sie

fourth degree, and of fubtil parts.

The fruit of the fmall cedar is alfo. hot and dry, but more moderately ; pee that
is, the liquor or gum of cedar, affwageth the tooth ach, being put into the hollow-
nefs of the fame; alfo it cleareth the fight, and taketh away {pots and fcars of the 7
eyes, ene ee ees the fame Bienes ito the cars with Sneed killech the

sf CULPEPER's ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,
worms of the fame ; and with the wine of the decoction of hyfop, it cureth the noife
and ringing in. the ears, and. makes the hearing good.

The old Egyptians did ufe in times paft, to preferve their dead bodies. with this
cedria, for it keepeth the fame whole, and preferveth them from corruption, but itcon-
fumeth and corrupteth living fleth; it killeth lice, moths, worms, and all fuch ver.
min, fo that they will not come near it.

The fruit of the cedar is: good to be eaten againft the ftranguary, it provokes
urine,.and brings down womens’ courfes.

sok cee oT othe 33,

‘Kinps and Names. OF thisthere are two forts, the firft called ciftus non ladanife-
va, becaufe it beareth no /adanum, the other is a plant of a woody fubitance, upon
which is found that fat liquor or gum, called /adanum.

The firft kind which yieldeth no /adanum is alf626F two forts, viz. male and female.
The male beareth red flowers, the female white, in all things elfe the one is like the
other; out of the root of the female ciftus is drawn forth a fap or liquor called 7
pocriftis. '
_ The fecond kind of ciftus is called alfo Jedum and ladum, the fat liquor wi is
gathered from it, is called ladanum, and ‘in fhops, lapdanum.
_ Desckirrion. The firft kind of ciftus,’ which beareth no Jedanum, hath roe
hairy ftalks, and ‘fteins with knotted j joints, and full of branches; the leaves are
roundifh, and covered with a cotton or foft hair, not much unlike the leaves of fage,
‘but fhorter and-rounder; the flowers grow at the tops of the ftalks, of the fafhion of
_ @fingle rofe, whereof the male kind is of colour red, and the female whites at the
= _ Taft they change into knops, ot hufks, wherein the feed is contained.
eC = ere is founda certain excrefcence or out-growing, about the root of this plant,
‘which is of colour fometimes yellow, fometimes white, and fometimes green ; out of

:

is - Sabrn raise a a certain aie, which, in scala is called sedi t= aan

tance, gre a : li Se parame witfole ede in figure not much unlike
the others, og ger 7 browner 5 te bie, the leaves of" this a is agente? fat

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: a

The fecond kind of ciftus fowereth and bringeth forth feed in the {pring time, and
immediately after the leaves fall off, and about midfummer there cometh new leaves
again ; upon which leaves in the hotteft days, is found a certain fatnefs, which is di-
ligently gathered and dried, and makes that gum which is called dapdanum.

GovERNMENT AND Virtues. ‘Thefe plants are governed by Jupiter; the flow-
ers and leaves of ciftus are dry in the fecond degree, and fomewhat aftringent ; that
which groweth about the roots, is of like temperature but more aftringent; dapdanum
is hot in the fecond degree almoft, and is fomewhat dry and aftringent. The flowers
of ciftus boiled in wine and drank, ftoppeth the lafk, and all iffues of blood; and
dries up fuperfluous moifture, as well of the ftomach as other parts of the belly; the -
leaves do cure and heal green wounds, being laid thereupon. Hyfociftis ftoppeth all
fluxes of the belly, and is of a ftronger operation than the flowers and leaves of ciftus ;
wherefore it cureth the bloody flux, and the immoderate overflowing of womens?
courfes. Ledanum drank with old.wine, ftoppeth the lafk, and provoketh urine ; it .
is very good againft the hardnefs of the matrix or mother, laid to in-manner of a pef--
fary ; it draweth down the fecundine or afterbirth, when it is laid upon quick coals, .
and the fumigation or fmoke thereof be received up into the matrix; the fame ap-
plied to the head with myrrh, or oil of myrrh, cureth the fcurf thereof, and keepeth
the hair from falling off; if it be dropped into the ears with honied water or oil of
rofes, it healeth pains in the ears. It taketh away the {cars of wounds being applied
thereunto with wine; it is alfo very profitably mixed with all unguents and plaifters
that ferve to heat, moiften, and alfwage pains; and for fuch as are laid to the breaft
againft the cough, —" -

i io ro oe ate L

Names. It is called alfo nigel-weed, and field-nigella. | "

‘Description. It hath ftraight, flender, hairy ftems, the leaves are alfo long,
narrow, hairy, and greyifh ; the flowers are of a brown purple colour, changing to-
wards red, divided into five fmall leaves, not much differing from the proportion of
wild campions; after which there groweth round cups, wherein is Contained plenty .
of feed, of a black brown colour.

~Puace. Itis too frequent amongtt corn, preh rye, and barley.

‘Time. It flowers in May, June; and July.

GoverNMENT AND Virtues, This unprofitable gueft amongft corn, is -; a
Saturnine quality, caufeth giddinefs of the head, and ftupifies if it gets amongft the
Corn to be made with it into bread, and howfoever taken, it is dangerous and hurt-
ful 3 although fome ignorant perfons have miftaken it for the right nigella, or ufed

it inftead of yuray or darnel, to the great danger of the patient.
No. 11. 2R ~ CORIAN-

“8 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

COO Reta NN. D-E R.

Names. IT is called in thops coriandrwm, in-Englith coriander, and in fome
counties colyander. vt *

Description. This is a ftinking plant, it beareth a round {talk, full of branches,
each about a foot and a half long; the leaves are whitith, all jagged and cut, the un--
der leaves that fpring up firft, are almoft.like the leaves of chervil or parfley, and the
. upper leaves are not much unlike the-fame, or rather like to fumitory leaves, but a
great deal tenderer, and more.jagged ; the flowers are white, and grow in round tué
fets, the feed is all round, and hollow within, and of a very pleafant-{cent when it is
dry ; the root is hard.and of a woody fubftance. 3 ;

Prace. It is fown in gardens, and loveth a good foil.

Time. It flowereth in July and Auguft, and the {eed is ripe fhortly after.

GoverNMENT AND Virtus. The green plant is cold and dry, of a Saturnine:
quality, hurtful tothe body ; but the fweet favouring feed is of a warm temperature,
and ufeful for many purpofes ; the feed of coriander being prepared, and taken alone,
or covered with fugar, after meals, clofeth up the mouth of the ftomach, ftayeth vo-
miting and helpeth digeftion ; the fame roafted or parched, and drank in wine, killeth’
and bringeth forth worms out of the body, and ftoppeth the lafk and bloody flux,
and all other extraordinary iffues of blood. Coriander ought not to be covered with
-fugar, or to be put into any meat or medicine, nor ufed any way unprepared: the
way of-preparing it is after this manner, viz. Take of the feed of coriander well dried,
and pour thereupon good {trong wine and vinegar mixed together, and fo leave them
to fteep for the fpace of four and twenty hours; then take the feeds out of the liquor
ig and dry them, and fo keep them-to be ufed in medicine. The green herb coriander
being boiled with crumbs of white bread, or barley-meal, confumeth and driveth
het tumours, fwellings, and inflammations; and with bean-meal, it diffolveth
s.evil, hard knobs, and worms; the juice applied with cerufe, litharge of
, and oil of rofes, cureth St, Anthony’s fire, and affwageth and ealeth
flammations, :

e WEeeLoavanetina |
Names, (I > called, wild-bitter-courd, and the fruit coloquint-apple.

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 149

‘fpongy, full of grey feed, in tafte very bitter; the which i 1s dried and ‘kept for medi-
cinal ufe. os

Prace. Coloquintida groweth in Italy and Spain, from which places the dried
fruit i is brought unto us.

Time. Cologuintida bringeth forth its fruit‘in September,

Narvre and Virtues. It is under the planetary influence of Mars 5 of tempera-
ture hot and dry in the third degree; the white or inward pith or pulp of the apple;
taken about the weight of a {cruple, openeth the belly mightily, and purgeth erofs
phlegm and cholerick humours, and cleanfeth the guts of flimy filthinefs and ftinking
corruption, which oftentimes fticketh about them, and caufeth thofe grievous pains,
gripings, and rumbling of the belly ; but if taken in too greata quantity, it caufeth
blood to come forth. The like virtue it hath if it be boiled, or laid to foak in ho-
nied water, or any other liquor, and afterward given to be drank, it profiteth much
againft cold dangerous ficknefles, giddinefs of the head, pain to fetch breath, the
cholic, loofenefs of the finews, and places out of joint; for all the-fame purpofs, it
may be put into glylters and fuppofitories, that are put into the fundament; the oil
wherein coloquintida hath been apie, being dropped into the ears, eafeth the pain
= finging thereof.

Coloquintida, if adminiftered by an unfkilful hand, is very dangerous and hurtful
to the ftomach and liver, and troubleth the bowels and entrails; for remedy, you-
muft put.to the pulp or pith of coloquintida, gum-tragant and mattic, and after
“make it into troches or balls with honey.

AWS om COR WEL rR RE

Namrs. IT is called of fome, long cherry, or long cherty- tree.
Description. The cornel-tree fometimes groweth up to a reafonable bignefs,
like other trees, and fometimes it is but low, and groweth like to a fhrub or hedge-
buh, as divers other fmall trees do; the wood or timber of this tree is very hard;
+ the fowers are of a faint yellowifh colour, the fruit is very red, and fomewhat long,
almoft like an olive, but fmaller, with a long little ftone or kernel inclofed therein, |
like. the ftone of an olive-berry.
~PLacz.. The cornel-tree i is in this country to be found no where but in gardens
and orchards, where it is planted. ae
Governmenr ano Virtuss. It careth the falling ficknefs, and gripings in i pee 7
_ belly or bowels; ic expelleth wind from the ftomach and entrails, helpeth fuch agence «
bruifed or broken by falls or bruifes,. thofe that have loofe or weak finews, )
-. of the fciatica or hip gout; and ufed with vinegar it is good againit eat,
aperedient i in many of our compofitions and cordial antidotes. 4.

7 The

150 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

/ ‘
WO Te eae OB - T RE E.

Names. IT is calledin fhops, xylocaraéa, carob, and carobs.

Description. This fruit groweth upon a great tree, whofe branches are {mal}
and covered with a red bark, the leaves are long, and {pread abroad after the manner
of afhen leaves, confifting of fix or feven {mall leaves growing bya rib, one againft
another, of a fad dark green colour above, and of a light green underneath ; the fruit
is in certain crooked cods or hufks, fometimes of a foot and a half long, and as broad
as one’s thumb ; {weet in tafte; in the hufk is contained feed, which is large, plain,
and of a chefnut colour. : |
_Prace. This plant grows in Spain, Italy, and other hot countries.

GovERNMENT AND Virtues. The fruit of the carob tree is fomewhat hot and
dry, and aftringent, efpecially when it is frefh and green; fomewhat fubjeét to the
influence of Saturn: the frefh and green carobs do gently loofe the belly, but are
fomewhat hard of digeftion, and if eaten in great quantity, hurtful to the ftomach s
but being dried they ftop fluxes of the belly, provoke urine; and are not prejudicail
to the ftomach, being much better to be eaten dry than when frefh gathered or green.

CA SS tA. PES SS PL A.

Namis. IT is called caffia in the cane, but is ufually known by the general name
of caffia-fiftula in moft countries. j

thofe of the afh-tree ; they are great, long, and fpread abroad; madé of marly leaves.
rowing one againit another, along by one ftem; the fruit is round, long, black,
and with woodifh hufks er cods, moft commonly two foot long, and as thick as one’s
thumb ; fevered or parted, in the infide into divers fmall cells or chambers, wherein
= Tieth flat and brownith feed, laid together with the pulp, which is black, foft, and

ors et and is called the flour, marrow, or cream of caflia, and is very ufeful and pro-

oo ae

a

dicine, and may. Sais “s inner pulp of caffia is a fweet and pleafant

y fafely be give all weak peopl ith child, and young,
children. “TEI ie Queene > Comen with child, ancy
aed belly gently, and moderately purgeth choleric humours,

and flimy phie FEN
ata ste ph egm, gathered about the lungs, to be taken the quantity of an ounce

Caffia.

"ay re re

¥

Description. The tree which beareth the canes, hath leaves not much unlike —

oe t grow ro weth in Syria, Arabia, and the Eaft-Indies ; and in the Weft, as

sates ano Virtrs, The black pulp, or moift fubftance of caflia,
ure, moderately hot and moift in the firft degree, and un- —

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: ; 451°

Caffia is excellent good for thofe who are troubled with hot agues,. the pleurify,
jaundice, or any inflammation of the liver; efpecially being mixed with waters,
drinks, or herbs that are of a cooling nature, It is good to clean the reins and kid-
nies, it driveth forth gravel and the ftone, and is a prefervative againft the {tone if
drank in the decoction of liquorice, and parfly roots, or ciches. It is good te gargle
with caffia, to affwage and mitigate fwellings of the throat, and to cmon ripen, and
break impofthumes and tumours.

Avicen writeth, that caffia being applied to. the part gticived sik the gout, a

fwageth the pain.

0... B32 a:

Kinp and Names. THERE are feveral kinds of coral, “but theered and the
white, efpecially the red, is moft in ufe. There are alfo feveral forts of black coral,
called antipathes, and there is a kind of coral which is black, x rough, and briftly, and
is called fambeggia.

Description. Thefe plants, although their hard fubftance ake them feem ra-
ther to, be ftones, yet they are vegetables. The great red coral, which is the bett,
groweth upon rocks in the fea, like unto a fhrub, with arms and branches, which
fhoot forth into fprigs, fome large and fome fmall, of a pale red colour for the moft
part, when it is taken out of the water, but when it is polifhed it is very fair, and of
a beautiful red colour ; whilit it isin the water it is foft and pliable, but being taken
out and kept dry a while, it becomes of a hard ftoney fubftance.

— Thecorals are found in the ifles of Sardinia, and divers other places.

MOM G Dos iho Bo Bi

THESE. are alfo fo well. known to almoft every child, that F fuppofe it is alto-
gether needlefs to write any ene of them. ‘Fake therefore the virtues of them
as followeth.

* Government AND Virtues. The herb is uilaee the fign Canter. and under the
dominion of Venus ; and therefore excellent good for wounds in the breatt, and very
fitting to be kept both in oils, ointments, and plaifters; as alfoinfyrup. Thegreater
wild daify is a wound herb of ‘good refpect, ‘often ufed inthofe drinks or falves that :
are for. wounds, either inward or outward ; the} juice or diftilled water of thefe, or the —

fall daifies, doth much tenmper the heat of choler, and refrefheth the liver and other ¢ z aes S

inward parts. A decoétion made of them, and drank, helpeth to cure the wounds

made in the hollownefs of the breatt ; ; the fame alfo cureth all ulcers and puft

the mouth or tongue, or in the fecret parts. The leaves bruifed and applied to the
No. 1, 2S tu o> eMticles,

132 CULBEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

tefticles, orto any other parts that are fwollen and hot, doth diffolve it and temper
the heat. A decoétion made hereof with walwort and agrimony, and the places fo-
mented or bathed therewith warm, giveth great eafe to thofe who are troubled with
the palfy, {ciatica, or gout ; the fame alfo difperfecth and diffolveth the knots or ker-
nels that grow in the fleth of any part of the body, and the bruifes and hurts that come
by falls and blows; they are alfo ufed for ruptures and other inward burnings, with
very good fuccefs. An ointment made hereof, doth wonderfully help all wounds

that have inflammations about them, or, by reafon of moift humours having accefs
unto them, are kept long from healing ; and fuch are thofe for the moft part, that
happen.to the joints of the arms and legs. The juice of them dropped into the run-
ning.eyes of any, doth much help them.

MNSL0 ba SE OD

“VULGARLY called pifs-a-beds.

Description. IT is well known to have many long and deeply gafhed leaves
lying on the ground, round about the head of the root; the ends of each gath or jag
on both fides, looking downwards toward the root, the middle rib being white, which
broken, yieldeth abundance of bitter milk, but the root-much more. From among

the leaves, which always abide green, arife many flender, weak, naked footftalks,
every one of them bearing at the top, one large yellow flower, confifting of many
rows of yellow leaves, broad at the points, and nicked in, with a deep {pet of yeHow
in the middle ; which growing ripe, the green hufk wherein the ower ftood, turneth
-itfelf down to the ftalk, and the head of down becometh as round as a ball, with long
oe reddifh feed underneath, bearing a part of the down on the head of every one, which
=; together is blown away with the wind, or may.at once be blown away, with one’s
mouth. The root growing downwards exceeding deep, which being -broken off
\ the ground, will notwithftanding, fhoot forth again.; .and will hardly be de-
vhen it hath once taken deep root in the ground.
: t groweth frequent in all meadows and pafture grounds. :
flowereth i in one place or other almoft all the year long.
T and Virtues. It is under the dominion of Venus. It is of an
ag quality, and therefore very effectual for the obftructions of
een, and the difeafes that arife from them, as the jaundice, and
ORs Te wonderfully openeth the paflages of urine, both ia

powe oes eee and inward tumours in the uri-
nary panne, sade the dryin andt

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 153

chopped as pot-herbs with a few alifanders, and boiled in their broth, is very effectual.
- And whoever is drawing towards confumption, or an evil difpofition of the whole
body, called cachexia, by the ufe hereof for fome time together, will find a wonderful
help. It helpeth alfo to procure reft and fleep to bodies diftempered by the heat of

ague fits, or otherwife ; the diftilled water is effectual to drink in peftilential fevers,
and to wafh the fores. |

You fee here what virtues this com mon herb hath, and that is the reafon the French
and Dutch fo often eat them in the fpring; and now if you look a little further,

you may plainly perceive that foreign phyficians are more liberal in omen ager
their knowledge of the virtues of plants than the Englith,

D Ae oR TM: toe PB,

TT isalfo called juray, and wray ; ; in Suffex they call it crop, it being a peftilent ;
enemy amongit corn.
Description. This hath all the winter long, fundry long, fat, and rough leaves,
which when the ftalk rifeth, which is flender and jointed, are narrower, but {till
- fough; on the top groweth a long fpike, compofed of many heads, fet one above
another, containing two or three hufks, with fharp but fhort beards, or hawns at the
ends ; the feed is eafily fhaken out of the ears, the hufk itfelf being fomewhat
tough.
' Ptace. The country hufbandmen know this too well to grow among their corn;
Or in the borders and pathways of other fields that are fallow.
_ Government anp Virtuss. Itisa malicious plant of fullen Saturn. As it is
Not without fome vices, fo hath it alfo many virtues. The meal of darnel is very
_ good to ftay gangrenes, and other fuch-like fretting and eating cankers, and putrid
ores ; ; it alfo cleanfeth the fkin of all leprofies, morphews, ringworms, and the like,
fi it be ufed with falt and raddifh-roots. And being ufed with quick brimftone and
vinegar, it diffolveth knots and kernels, and breaketh thofe that are hard to be dif-
_ folved, being boiled in wine with pigeon’s dung and linfeed; a decoction thereof
~ Made with water and honey, and the place bathed therewith, is profitable for the {ci-
- atica. Darnel meal applied in a poultice, draweth forth fplinters and broken bones
_ from the flefh ; the red darnel boiled in red wine, and taken, ftayeth the lafk and all

, other fluxes, and womens’ oe iffues 5 and reftraineth urine that paffeth away
ebay Sele

eee ML 2. |
PD Went san, THE common dill groweth up with feldom more than one. ftalk,

‘either fo nigh, nor fo great ufually as — being round, and with fewer joints
: thereon

154 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSTCIAN,

thereon; whofe leaves are fadder, and fomewhat long, and fo like fennel that it dew
ceiveth many, but harder in handling; and fomewhat amekex and of a ftronger un-
pleafant fell; the tops of the ftalks have four branches, and fmaller umbels of yele
low flowers, which turn into fmall feed fomewhat flatter and thinner than fennel
feed. The root is fomewhat fmall and woody, perifhing every year after | it hath fh borne q
feed; andis alfo unprofitable, being never put to anyufe. : “a> a AN
Piacs. Itis molt ufually fown in buat and Brgunds for that Psep andi a
alfo found wild with usin fome places. - ci ae
Goveanment and av IRTUES. Misiebe, hath yt duioiss of the silage
_ thererefore to be fure i it ‘ftreogthens’ the brain, The, dill being boiled, and drank, is”
be good to eafe fwellings and pains, it alfo ftayeth the belly. and ftomach from cafting ;—
the decoétion thereof helpeth women that are troubled with the pains and windinels- &
eer the mother, if they fit therein. It ftayeth the hiccough, being, boiled i in wine, ad fy?
only fimelled thereto, being tied ina cloth. The feed is of more ule than, the leaves, i
and more effectual to digett raw and vifcous humours, and is ufed i ‘in medicines, .
' ‘that ferveto expel wind, m andthe pains proceeding therefrom. The feed being roatted t
or fried, and ufed i in oils and plaitters, diffolveth, the impofthumes in the fandam At,
and dtieth up ‘all ‘moilt ulcers, elpecially i in the fecret, parts. The oil made of dill
effectual to,warm, to diffolve humours and impofthumes ; to eafe pains, and to O-
cure reft. The decoétion of dill, be it herb or feed, (only if you boil the feed, yOu
mutt bruife = in white wine, being drank, is an. excellent remedy ae wilde:

and fomewhat narrow, fmooth, dark gr

ee

es for the moit fa tare ee all La

a many flowers fet together i in the fame manners, or more neatly, —
id of a more ak a ‘purple colours wh | ;

| ott: of this bss
= are both chfoand a

Deubkle Longue

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 155

Tims. They flower ufually about Auguft, and the feed is ripe in September,
GovERNMENT AND Virtues. The plant is venereal, pleafing, and harmlefs.
The herb or root, being boiled in wine and drank, is very powerful againft the
plague, and all peltilential difeafes or fevers, poifons alfo, and the bitings of venom-
ous beatts ; it alfo helpeth thofe that are inwardly bruifed by any cafualty, or out-
wardly by falls or blows, diffolving the clotted blood; and the herb or-root beaten
and outwardly applied, taketh away the black and blue marks that remain in the
fkin. The decoétion of the herb, with honey of rofes put therein, is very effectual
to help the inveterate tumours and {wellings of the almonds and throat, by often
gareling the mouth therewith. Ithelpeth alfo to procure womens’ courfes, and eaf-
ethall pains of the mother, and to break and difculs wind therein, and in the bowels,
_ The powder of the root taken in drink, driveth forth the worms in the body. ~ The
juice or diftilled water of the herb, is effectual for green wounds, or old fores, and. .
cleanfeth the body inwardly, and the feed outwardly from fores, fcurf, itch, pimples,,
freckles, morphew, efpecially if a little vitriol be diffolved therein. Geo
JUV oe ee |
_ - MANY kinds of thefe are fo well known, that I fhall not trouble you with a-de-
{criptionofthem. aR F ins
_ Government anp Virtus, All docks are under Jupiter; of which the red:
— dock, commonly called bloodwort, cleanfeth the blood and ftrengthens the liver ;
but the yellow dock root is beft to-be taken when either the blood or liver is afflicted:
by choler. Allof them-have a kind of cooling (but not alike) drying quality, the
forrels.being. moft cold, and. the bloodworts moft drying ;. of the burdock’ I have
fpoken already by itfelf. The feed of moft of the kinds, whether of the garden or
field, do ftay lafks.or fluxes of all forts, the loathings of the ftomach through cho-
ler, and is helpful to thofe who fpit blood. The roots boiled in vinegar, helpeth the
- itch, fcabs, and breaking out of the fkin, if it be bathed therewith. The diftilled
water of the herb and roots hath the fame virtue, and cleanfeth the fkin of freckles, .
morphews, and all other {pots and difcolourings therein. oF soles
All docks being boiled with meat, make it boil the fooner 5 befides bloodwort is Z
exceeding ftrengthening to the liver, and procures good blood, being as wholefome:
- 4 pot-herb as any that grows inagarden. ” 2 ee.

>

oe ee 729% DODDER oF T HY MLE.

CALLED alfo epithimum, alfo other dodders. re
Description. This firft from feed giveth roots in the ground, which fhooteth :

3 forth threads or ftrings, grofler or finer, according to the property of the plant where-
No. 11, 3 oe ee to

156 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

to it belongeth, as alfo the climate; creeping and {preading on whatever it happeng
to faiten. Thefe ftrings have no leaves at all upon them, but wind and entwine
themfelves fo thick that it not only taketh away all comfort of the fun, but is ready
to choak or ftrangle whatever plant it chancethto.cleave to. After thefe ftrings are 5
rifen to that height that they may draw nourifhment from the plant, they feem to be
. broken off from the ground, either by the ftrength of their rifing, or withered by the
heat of the fun; upon thefe ftrings are found clufters of fmall heads or hufks, out of
which cometh whitith flowers, which afterwards give {mall pale-coloured feed, fome-
what flat, and twice.as big as poppy feed. It generally participates of the nature of
the plant which it climbeth upon ; but the dodder of thyme is accounted the beft,
and is the only trueepithimum., ‘
GovernMENT and Virtuzs, All dodders are under Saturn. The dodder which
grows upon thyme is generally much hotter than that which grows upon colder
herbs, for it draws nourifhment from what it grows upon, as well as from the earth
where its root is. This is accounted the moft effetual for melancholic difeafes, and
_ to purge black or burnt choler, which is the caufe of many difeafes of the head and
brain, as alfo for the trembling of the heart, faintings, and fwoonings, and is hel pful
in all difeafes and griefs of the {pleen ; and that of melancholy, arifing from the
windinefs of the hypochondria. It purgeth alfo the reins or kidnies: by urine; it
-openeth the obftructions of the gall, whereby it profiteth thofe who have the jaun-
_ dice, as alfo the liver and fpleen; it purgeth the veins of cholerick and phlegmatic -
peers and helpeth children’s agues, a little wormfeed being put thereto. :

_ Theother dodders, (as I obferved before) participate of the nature of thofe plants
— they grow, as that which hath been found growing upon nettles in the
© = Veft-country, hath by experience been found very effectual to procure rats of
urine, when it hath been topped or hindered ; and fo of the reft.

Lb DOG’s GR AS &

, alfo by the name of quich-grafs or couch-grafs.

tis well known that this grafs creepeth far about under ground,

( vinted roots, having fmall fibres at each joint, very fweet in rafte,

Tabs eS ts | 6 ied interlacing one another ; from whence fhoot forth
The alksare joined A ves, fmall at the ends, and cutting or fharp on the edges.

witdes loosen ‘corn, with the like leaves on them, and a long fpiked head
con, dae ontaining, bard rough feed. If you know it not by this deferip-

atcha dog when he i is fick, Sas he evil quickly lead you to it.

PuaAcs.

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 157

Pract. It groweth commonly in this kingdom, particularly in ploughed ground,
being very troublefome ‘both to hufbandmen and gardeners to weed out of their
grounds.

GovERNMENT and VIRTUES. It is a gentle remedy under the dominion of Ju-
piter. This is the moft medicinal of all the quich-graffes : being boiled and drank,
it openeth obftructions of the liver and gall, and the {topping of the urine, and
eafeth the griping pains of the belly, and inflammations; wafteth the matter of the
ftone in the bladder, and alfo the ulcers thereof. The roots bruifed and applied,
do confolidate wounds. The feed doth moft powerfully expel urine, and ftayeth the
lafk and vomiting. The diftilled water alone, or with a little wormfeed, killeth the
worms in children. |

The method of ufing it, is to bruife the roots, and having well boiled them in
white wine, drink the decoétion : it is opening, but not very fafe in purging : and
it is a remedy againft all difeafes arifing from ftoppages of the body.

DOA 2 tt Be

CALLED alfo crane’s bill.

‘Description. This hath divers fmall, round, pale-green leaves, cut in Bisa the
edges, much like mallows, ftanding upon long reddifh hairy ftalks, lying in a round
compafs upon the ground; among which rife up two or three, or more, reddifh,
jointed, flender, weak, and hairy ftalks, with fome fuch-like leaves thereon, but
fmaller, and deeper cut toward the tops, where grow many very fmall, bright red
flowers of five leaves each ; after which cometh {mall heads, with fmall fhort beaks
pointing forth, as all other forts of thefe herbs do.
Pracz. It groweth in pafture grounds, and by the Eee in aed places, |
and is fometimes found growing in gardens. =

Time. It flowereth in June, July, and Auguft, es earlier see fometimes
Tater, and the feed is ripe quickly after. 2 7 = ene

GoveRNMENT AND Virtues, It is a very gentle, though martial plant. It has
been found by experience to be fingularly good for the wind cholick, and pains there-
of ; as alfo to expel the ftone and gravel in the kidnies. The decoction thereof in —
wine, is an excellent good wound-drink for thofe who have inward wounds, hurts,
or bruifes, both to ftay the bleeding, to diffolve and expel the congealed blood, and

to heal the parts ; as alfo to cleanfe and heal outward fores, deere and fiftulas;
Steen wounds are likewife quickly healed by bruifing the herb, and applying it e oe

the part affected. The fame decoction in wine, fomented to any place pained wi
the gout, or to any joint-achs or pain of the finews, giveth great eafe, The powder
; 7S | tp ee OF

158 CULPEPER’: ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

or decoétion of the herb taken for fome time together, will prove exceedingly efficac.
cious in the cure of ruptures, and burftings, either in young or old.

DUC K’s "Me BA. -T:

THIS ‘s fo well known to fwim on the top of ftanding waters, as ponds, pools,,
ditches, &c. that itis needlefs further to defcribe it.

GoverNMENT AND Virtuzs. Cancer claims the herb, and the Moon is the lady.
of it. It is effectual to help inflammations and St. Anthony’s fire, as alfo the gout,
- either applied by itfelf, or in a poultice with barley-meal. The diftilled water hereof
is held in high eftimation for its virtues againft all inward inflammations and pefti-
Jent fevers; as alfo to help the rednefs of the eyes, the fwellings of the fcrotum, and:
of the breafts before they are grown too much. The frefh herb applied to the fore~ ;
head , eafeth the pains of the head-ach, coming of heat.

i
| DOWN, or COTTON-FTHISTLE,.

Description. THIS hath many large leaves lying on the ground,.fomewhat cut.
in, and as it were, crumpled on the edges, of a green colour on the upper fide, but:
covered with long hairy wool, or cottony down, fet with very fharp and piercing.
prickles ; from the middle of i its heads of flowers come forth many purpleifh or crim-.
fon threads, and fometimes, (though but very feldom) white ones. The feed that

felloweth i in the heads, lyingin a great deal of fine white down, is fomewhat large.
. Jong, and round, like the feed of lady’s thiftle, but fomewhat paler. The root is-
ee large and thick, fpreading much, and ufually dies after feed time.

-ue Prac. It groweth on divers ditches, banks, and in corn-fields, and highways,.
= in almoft every part of this kingdom,

IME. Tt flowereth and beareth feed about the or of fummer, at the time of

g and feeding of other thiftles.

NMENT AND Virtuzs. Mars owns this plant. Pliny and Diofcorides.
* leaves and roots hereof taken in drink, helpeth thofe who have a crick

palen faith, that the root and leaves of this plant are of an heating

for fuch perfons as have their bodies drawn together by agi

for children that have the rickets.

se DR & GG ©: N.S.
are fo well this kingdom ‘ae they require no defcription, though

we may juft bferve, :
Plant, ra he) pit ? bs! fuch as are not perfectly acquainted with this
S a afnake, 3 sds = Sve) take notice of the roof, which very much

a & : ‘ < °

GovERN-

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 159

GovERNMENT AND Virtugs, The plant is under the dominion of Mars, and.
isnot without its obnoxious qualities. To ufe herbs: of this defcription, the fafeft
way is to prefs. out the juice, and diftil it in a glafs-ftil in fand . it fcoureth and
cleanfeth the internal as well as external parts of the body exceedingly, it cleanfetl
the fkin. from. freckles, morphew,. and funburning ; the beft way to ufe it externally,
ig to mix it with vinegar, an ointment of it is very good to heal wounds and ulcers;
it confumes. cankers, and that. fie growing’ in the noftrils, called polipus. The
diftilled water being, dropped into.the eyes, takes away {pots and blemifhes, as alfo.
pin and web, and cures the dimnefs of fight; it is excellent good againft the pefti-
lence and poifon. Pliny and Diofcorides affirm, that no ferpent will approach any
perfon carrying this herb about them.

A

JLA DB CRD OWN

| Wairis. IT is called duncl down, becaufe if the down thereof happens to get into
theears, itcaufeth deafnefs. It is called in Latin, pha paluftris, in Eaglith, reed-
‘Mace, and water-torch ;, the leaves of it are called matweed, becaufe mats are
made therewith. 2 5. } :
Description. This herb hath long, rough, thick, and-almoft © three-fquare
leaves, filled within with a foft pith or marrow ; among the leaves fometimes grow-
eth up along, fmooth, naked ftalk, without knots. or joints, not hollow within,
having at the top a grey or ruffet long knap or ear, which is round, foft, thick, and
_ fmooth, and feemeth to be nothing elfe but a throm of ruffet woolor flocks, fet thick
and thronged together ;. which, as-it ripeneth is turned into-down, and carried away
with the wind. This down or cotton is fo fine, that in fome countries they fill

cufhions and beds with i it. The roots are hard, thick, and white, ‘with many threads ace

hanging athwart each other; and. when. thefe roots are drys _ ferve for little elfe:
than ig

(O20 wae PLANET RES
IN Latin this tree is called platanus orientalis vera.
_ Government anp Virtuzs. The tender leaves boiled. in wine, and ufed in the

manner of an ointment, {tops fluxions-of the eyes ;. the bark boiled in vinegar, is uled |
for pains of the teeth 5 but its ufe in phyfic is now become obfolete.

eis 6 ae TONGUE.

Kinp and Names. THERE is found two kinds a it is called « do ab = Z

| — horfe-tongue, and daurus of Alexandria, — ig
~ No, 12, 2U a Geciv- :

a60 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Description. Double-tongoe hath round ftalks, like thof of Solomon's Rel,
about.a foot anda half.bigh, upon each fide whereof grow thick, brownifh leaves, ‘net
much unlike bay-leaves, upon the which there groweth in the middle of every leaf,

another {mall deaf, fafhioned like a tongue; and betwixt the {mall and large leaves
there grow rounded berries, as big as a pea; the reot is tender, white, long, and of
a pleafant fmell.

T here is.alfo another kind of double-tongue, which alfo- icone forth its fruit
wpoa.the leaves, and is like the finft in ftalks, leaves, fruit, and roots, except that
the great leaves and berries grow alone, without the addition of the fmall leaf,

Pisce. It groweth in lungary and Auftria, and in the woods and forelts ip
Italy ; but is {carcely ever feca in England, unlefs planted for curiofity.

Time. The feed of this herb is generally ripe in September.

Government and Virtues. Doubie-tongue is an herb of Venus, The leaves and
roots thereof are much efteemed for affwaging {wellings of the throat, the wvwla, and
kernels under the tongue; as alfo againft the ulcers and fores of the fame, being -
taken as a gargle. Marcellus obferves, that in Italy they hang this herb about chil-
dren’s necks that afe fick in the avila, and Diofcorides affirms, that if it be worn ;
upon the bare head, it is good for the head-ach, This herb is good for the difeafes of
“the mother, dnd a fpoonk ul of the decoétion of the leaves taken, catifeth the ftrangled
amattix to defcend down to its natural place.

. The root of laurel of Alexandria, | boiled in wine Be Geax: helpeth the ftrangu- |
vary, provoketh the urine and womens’ natural ficknefs, procures eafy delivery, ¢X-

SS seoleih £ the eee and. all. sortuptions, of r the matrix,

WHITE DAFFODIL

A ES, Tt <i dG called narciffus, and primrofe-pearls.
DS. There are feveral kinds hereof, one with a crimfon, or red purple circle |
ddle of the flower, and another having a yellow circle, refembling a coronet, _
~—. the flower. There i is another kind that i is ee in 3 ini:

ha crefted, oan salked talkies without. * jeaver, oF afoot ori 3
wer atthe top, growing out of accertain film or fkio, gene —
ors lone, though fometimes two together, confifting of fix little
: ne mic idd . - whereof is a fmall round wrinkled hoop or cup, bor
: certain r and edge, wherein are contained feveral fall
ous ees or ftems, with yllowita os hanging thereon ; after the flowers, en

ag ~

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. — @6x

engled hufks, wherein grow black feeds; the root is round and bulbous, not much
unjike an-onion, 3
' ‘The other narciffus, with the yellow cup or circle in the middle, has blades longer _
and broader, and not fo green as thofe of thefirft, the ftalks are longerand thicker,
and upon-every one of them ftandeth three or four piles like unto the firft, except
that they are yellow in the middle.
- There is another kind that is yellow in the middle, and bears poaaiat he more belts:
“which are fmaller than thofe before defcribed.

Prace. The firft two kinds grow plentifully in many places of F rance, as Bur-
gundy, Languedoc, &c. in rieadows and paftures ; but in this country, they grow
only in gardens where they are planted.

Time. They flower chiefly in March and 1 April, though fome of them bloom not
until the beginning of May.

TemPERaTURE AND Virtues, Venus challengeth the dominion over thefe plants.
The root of it is hot and dry in the third degree ; the which root being boiled
or roafted, or taken in meat or drink, —provoketh the ftomach to vomiting; the -
fame pounded with a little honey is good to be applied to burnings or fcaldings, and
cureth finews that are hurt or fprained, and is good to help diflocations, or mentbers
out of joint, being applied thereto ; ; it alfo giveth eafe in all old griefs and pains: of
the joints. The roots of narciffus taketh away all fpots of the face, being mingled
with nettle feed and vinegar, and applied; itmundifieth and cleanfeth corrapt and

" Fotten ulcers, and tipeneth and breaketh hard impofthumes, if it be mixed with che
meal of vetches and honey, and ufed in the manner of a poultice; and being mixed
with the meal of juray and honey, it draweth forth eens and seit

es EE 5 DAFFODIL

Names. THIS kind of daffodil is alfo called lide-lilly, Senta ft it isonet j in
March, which month in fome countries is called bitty ia eee: knowr
by the name of daffadown-dillies. —

Description, It hath long, narrow, green leaves, the ftalkes are round, upon —

which grow yellow flowers, of an unpleafant fmell ; after which come round knops
or hufks, like fittle heads, wherein the feed is contained; it hath abundance of

roots, which grow thick together, and increafe by new {prigs and blades, whereby

at: {preadeth and ———— fo that the increafe of this plant

Back i does Rot ¢ grow nally in this xoaany but in ee ‘ 7

2 - CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Time. Daffodils fower in March and April, and the feed ripens foon after;
Government and Virtues. Yellow daffodils are under the dominion of Mars,
and thé roots hereof are hot and dry almoft in the third degree. The roots boiled
and taken in pofiet drink, caufeth vomiting, and is ufed with good fuccefs at the
appearance of approaching agues, efpecially the tertian ague,, which is frequently
‘caught in the fpring-time. A plaifter made of the roots with parched barley-meal,
diffolves hard fwellings and impofthumes, being applied thereto ; the juice mingled:
with honey, frankincenfe, wine, and myrrh, and dropped into the ears, is good
-again{t the corrupt filth and running matter of the ears ; the roots made hollow and
boiled in oil, doth help raw kibed heels ; the juice of the root is good for. the mor~
phew, and the difcolourings of the fkin.

. H/o v AcT Ba PRE. E:

Names. THISi is likewife called palm-trer, and. the fruit,. dates, or fet of the:
palm-tree.

Description. It groweth toibe a large tree, with a ftraight thick efinle co-
vered with a fcaley bark ; at the top whereof grow many long branches, bearing a
vaft number of long, ftraight, narrow leaves, or twigs like reeds, fo that the whole
tree appears to be nothing but a bundle of reed leaves ;. amongtt the branches grow-
eth the fruit, claftering together at the firft, and wrapped.ina certain long and broad
_ €overing, like a pillow, which afterwards openeth and Deworh the fruit, ftanding —
along on certain. {mall {prigs, growing out of a flat yellow. branch; the fruit is long
_and round, containing within it a long and hard ftone. Of this tree there are two

kinds, the male and female; the male tree bringeth forth flowers only, which vanifh
: away as foon as the bloffom is full, and the female beareth the fruit, and bringeth it
_ to perfection and ripenefs.

= Pract. The date-tree siraiore in apie Arabia, India, Syria, Juda and.
ern countries.

Tt continueth always green, and Ferethc) its flowers in the fpring. In.hot —
the fruit j is ripe in autumn,
et tT and Virtugs, The branches and leaves are cold: and aftringent,
ee ie aftringent, but hot and dry, almoft in the fecond degrees
wy Detore it is thoroughly ripe. Dates are hard of digeftion, and caufe opp
lations in the ee they ingender windinefs, head-ach, and grofs blood,
ae = hg ripe, they are not fo hurtful, but nourith
indifferently, bejng wel dina good ftomach. Dry dates ftop loofenefs, ¢ and
s of the ftomach, efpecially of women with Sik

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 163

they are eaten ; as alfo mingled with other proper medicines, and applied as a plaif-
ter to the ftomach. Being adminiftered inwardly or applied outwardly with medi-
cines convenient, they ftrengthen the weaknefs of the liver and fpleen. The leaves
and branches are good to heal green wounds, and refrefh and cool hot inflammations.
There is a direction in the plaifter diacalcitheos, that ic be ftirred with a ftick of the
palm tree, that it might be of the more virtue and efficacy, from whence alfo the
fame plaifter ts called Hapalma.

A
WVI7 DICTAMNUM of CANDY.

Kinpsand Names. IT is obferved by Diofcorides, that there are three kinds
hereof ; the firft whereof is the right diftamnum, the fecond ts the baftard dittam-
num, and the third is another kind, bearing both flowers and feed ; it is called alfo
dittany of Crete, and in the thops diptamum.

Description. The firft kind which is the right dictamnum, is a hot and fharp
plant, much refembling penny-royal, except that this hath larger leaves, fomewhat
hoary or moffy, with a certain fine down, or woolly white cotton ;* at the top of the
ftalks or branches grow certain fmall fpiky tufts, hanging by fmall flems, greater
and thicker than the ears or fpiky tufts of wild marjoram, and are fomewhat of a
_ ted colour, in which there grow {mall flowers.

The fecond kind, called baftard dictamnum, is very much like the firft, except in
‘tafte, it does not bite or hurt the tongue, as does the former, neither is it fo hot. It
hath round, foft, woolly ftalks, with knots and joints, at each of which joints there
ftand two leaves, fomewhat round, foft, and woolly, not much unlike the leaves of
Penny-royal, but that they are larger, all hoary and white, foft and woolly, without
any fmell, but bitter in tafte; the fowers are of a light blue, compaffing the ftalk,
Atcertain {paces like garlands, and like the flowers of penny-royal. and hoarhound ;
the root is of a woody fubftance. |
The third kind is like the fecond in figure, faving that its leave$ are greener and
more hoary ; covered with a fine, white, foft hair, almoft like the leaves of water-
mint, the whole plant hath a good and pleafant fmell, as it were exe the fcent of
Water-mint and fage, as faith Diofcorides.
Prace. The firtt kind, or the right di€@amnum, cometh from Crete, now called
_ Candia, an ifland in the Mediterranean fea, formerly belonging to the Venetians, but
ROW in poffeffion of the Turks. ee

The other two kinds are not confined to Candia only, but grow alfo in. many other eo

hot countries, |

Goverxment and em The right di@amnum is hot and dry, and of. oA
Parts ; the other two kinds are alfo hot and dry, but not quite fo hot as the fi firft
~ No. 12, ak

164 “CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

they are all under Venus. The right dictamnum is of the fame virtue as penny-.
royal, but much ftronger and better. It bringeth down the courfes, afterbirth, and
dead child, either taken in meat or drink, or.ufed as a peflary or mother-{uppofitory,,
The fame virtue hath the root, which is hot and fharp upon the tongue ; the juice
- is very good to be drank againft all venoms, and the bitings of venomous beafts
and ferpents. Diamnum is of fuch force againft poifon, that the favour or fmell
thereof driveth away all venomous beafts or ferpents; the juice of the fame is of
fingular efficacy againft all kinds of wounds, if dropped or poured therein ; it both.
mundifieth, cleanfeth, and healeth the fame ;: it qualifieth and affwageth the pain of
the milt and fpleen, and wafteth and diminifheth it, being either taken inwardly.or
applied outwardly to the place ; it draweth forth fplinters and thorns if it be bruifed,
and laid upon the affected part.

The baftard dictamnum hath the fame virtues as the firft, though not quite fo
powerful in its operations,

The third kind is very profitable, compounded with medicines, drinks, and plaif-.
ters, againft the bitings or ftingings of venomous beatts,

LIE PAULSE DICTAMNU™M.

Names. THIS herb is called in Latin, tragium, and by fome, fraxinella ; fomeé
apothecaries do ufe the root hereof inftead of the right dittamnum, from whence
itis called baftard or falfe ditamnum.

Description. This plant fomewhat refembles /ensifins or licoras, both in leaves
and branches 5 it hath round, blackifh, rough ftalks, bearing on the tops thereof
fair flowers, of a bluifh colour, which on the upper part hath four or five leaves,
: and on the lower part it hath fmall long threads, crooking or hanging down almoft

like a beard. After the flowers are gone, in the place of each cometh four or fiv®
i cods, fomewhat rough without, flippery or flimy in handling, and of a ftrong fmell,
in ike that of a goat; in which is contained a black, plain, fhining feed. Phe -

to ig and white, fometimes as thick as one’s =? and generally grow
sal

_ This lane j is alfo under the dominion of Venus.
egree » and of fubtil parts ; the feed taken to the qual
hrask a firanguary ; ; it provoketh urine, it is good againft
ing and bringing it forth, and bringeth down the

2 a of women 5 ‘the leaves and juice taken after the fame manner hath fimilar vir-
— ek

the ftone id the re

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 165

tues, and being externally applied, draweth out thorns and fplinters ; ; the root taken
with alittle rhubarb, killeth and driveth forth worms, and is of fingular excellence
againit their return. ‘

- Diofcorides obferves of this plant, as alfo of the former, that it is natural to wild
goats, when they are {truck with darts or arrows, to eat of this herb, which caufeth
them to fall out of their bodies ; on which account it is not improbable that this.
herb came firft to be fubftituted for the right ditamnum.

AUGGs L MAr Re

THIS tree is fo well known, growing generally in moft counties of this kingdom,
that it would be needlefs to defcribe it.
GovernMENT and Virtues, It isa cold and Saturnine plant. The leaves here-
of bruifed and applied, healeth green wounds, being bound thereon with its own
bark ; the leaves, or the bark ufed with vinegar, effectually cureth the fcurf and le-
profy ; the decoction of the leaves, bark, or root, healeth broken bones by bathing
the part affected therewith ; the water that is found in the bladders on the leaves,
while it is frefh, is a good wafh for cleanfing the fkin, and making it fair ; and if
cloths are often wet therein, and applied to the ruptures of children, it helpeth them,
if they are afterwards well bound up with a trufs ; the faid water being clofe {topped
in a glafs veffel, and fet either into the earth or dung for twenty-five days, fetting the
bottom thereof upon a lay of common falt, fo that the feces my fettle, and water be-
_ come very clear, is a fingular and fovereign balfam for green wounds, being ufed
with foft tents ; the decoétion of the bark of the root molifieth hard tumours, and
the fhrinking of the finews, being fomented therewith ; the roots of the elm boiled -
for fome confiderable time in water, the fat rifing on the furface being nicely taken
Off, will prove an excellent~reftorative of fallen hair, the bald places being with it
anointed ; the bark ground with brine or pickle, until it cometh to the thicknefs of
a poultice, and laid on the place pained with the gout, giveth great eafe ; and the
decoétion of the bark in water is exceeding good to bathe fuch places as have been
| wend with fire. - ;

oy eee ae
iis iencw. COMMON garden endive beareth a longer and larger leaf than
_ fuccory, and abideth but one year, quickly running up to ftalk and feed, and then -
perifhing ; 3 it hath blue flowers, and the feed is fo much like that of ieeiet it is. 2
hard to diftinguifh them, ee

VERNMENT AND VIRTUES. Itis is a he cooling, cleanfing st 3 ll decoétion

“of = eS of the juice, or the diftilled water of endive, ferveth well to cool the ex-
: : ceflive

166 CULPEPER's ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

ceflive heat of the liver and ftomach, as alfo the hot fits of agues, and all other ine

flammations ; it cooleth the heat and fharpnefs of the urine, and the excoriations in-

the uritory parts; the feed have the fame properties, though rather more powerful, |

and befides, is available for the faintings, f{woonings, and paffions of the heart,
Outwardly applied, they ferve to temper the fharp humours of fretting ulcers, hot
tumours, and {wellings, and peftilential fores ; it wonderfully helpeth not only the

rednefs and inflammation of the eyes, but the dimnefs of the fight alfo; they are

likewife ufed to allay the pains of the gout; in fact it cannot be ufed amifs, The
_ lyrup of it is a fine cooling medicine for fevers. 3

.
AGG, EA ECA M-P° AN.

~ Descrteption. THIS fhooteth forth many large leaves, long and broad, lying
near the ground, imall at both ends, fomewhat foft in handling, of a whitith green
on the upper fide dnd grey underneath, each‘fet upon a fhort footftalk ; from among
thefe rife up divers great and ftrong hairy ftalks, three or four feet high, with fome

leaves thereon, compafling them about at the lowerends, and are branched toward
the tops, bearing feveral large Howers, like thofe of the corn marygold, both the —
border of leaves and the middle thrumb being yellow ; this is followed by a down,

with Jong, fmall, brownith feed amongft it, which is carried away with the wind.
The root is large and thick, branching forth many ways, blackith on the outfide,

and white within, of a very bitter tafte, and {trong but pleafant fmell, efpecially when

__.they are dried ; it is the only part of the plant which has any fmell.
Pracg. It groweth in moift grounds and fhadowy places oftener than in the dry

and open borders of fields and lanes, and other wafte places, almoft in every county
ofthiskingdom, =s

: forth, as in autumn-or winter. -

of elecampane preferved with fugar, or made into a fyrup, or conferve;

‘ftayeth the fpreading ofthe Pes

vers, and alfo the plague. The roots and herbage beaten and put into new ale of
Be: ONE beer

si _ Tine. Tt flowereth in June and July, and the feed is ripe in Augutft. The |
_ Foofs are gathered for medicinal purpofes, as wel] in the fpring, before the leaves:

’ ~

EauMENT AnD Virtuts. Tt isa plant under the dominion of Mercury. The

fowarma cold and windy ftomach, or the pricking therein, and ftitches
d by the fpleen ; alfo to help a cough, fhortnefs of breath, and é :
ngs. The dry root.made into powder, and mixed with fugat and ie
me purpofes, and ‘is alfo profitable to thofe who have thelr
fo prevent the ftoppages of the menftrua, the pains of the |
‘in the reins, kidnies, or bladder ; it refifteth poifon, and
1om of ferpents, as alfo of putrid and peftilential fe- 4

Lhe Water Eldar LheWrrk Lin Exngo

(> Q Pay ; =

7 ¢ onitgnat Litipindiua Pig Tree Water Flag Short beara Flea noré
ns 2 et es

Fiudlin

nar —s Luliichd ar the tl COL) rece. ;

AND ‘COMPLETE HERBAL: 167

beer, and drank daily, cleareth, ftrengtheneth, and quickeneth the fight of the eyes
exceedingly. The decoction of the roots in wine, or the juice taken therein, killeth
and driveth forth all manner of worms in the belly and ftomach ; if gargled in the
mouth, or the root chewed, fafteneth loofe teeth, and helpeth to keep them from pu-
trefaction ; being drank, it is good for thofe who {pit blood, helpeth to remove
cramps or convulfions, the pains of the gout, the {ciatica, the loofenefs and pains in
the joints, or members disjointed or fprained, proceeding from colds or moifture
happening to them, applied either internally or externally ; it is alfo ufed with good
effect by thofe who are burften, or have any inward bruife. The roots being well
boiled in vinegar, afterwards beaten and made into an ointment with hog’s fuet and
oil of trotters, is an excellent remedy for the fcab or itch, either in young or old;
the places alfo bathed or wafhed with the decoétion doth the fame, and helpeth all
forts of filthy, old, putrid fores or cankers. In the roots of this herb lieth the chief
effect for all the remedies aforefaid. The diftilled water of the leaves and roots to-
gether is very profitable to cleanfe the fkin of the face or other parts from any mor-

phew, fpots, or blemifhes.

E, Rd Ne des WL.

KNOWN alfo by the name of fea-holly.
Description. ‘The leaves of this plant are nearly ee deeply. dented about

_the edges, hard and fharp pointed, a little crumpled, and of a blueifh green colour,
each having a long footftalk ; the leaves when young, are neither fo hard nor
prickly as when come to its maturity. The ftalk is round and ftrong, fomewhat
crefted with joints, bearing leaves thereat, which are more divided, fharp, and
prickly than thofe before mentioned ; from thefe joints it alfo branches forth many
‘ways, each bearing on the top feveral blueifh, round, prickly heads, with many {mall,
Jagged, prickly leaves under them, ftanding like a ftar, which are fometimes of a
Sreenith or white colour. The root groweth very long, fometimes to the length of
_ eight or ten feet, fet with rings or circles toward the upper part, but fmooth and
without joints downwards, brownifh on the outfide but very white within, with a
pith i in the middle, of a pleafant tafte, but sg more fo when carefully preferved
and candied with fugar.

*. PLace. Tei is found on the fea coafts, and in almoft every part of this Lisodons he gs

ar

: <i on the fea.

‘Time. It flowereth at the latter end of the fummer, and ates its feed about a 2 A ae

3 aah after, :
GoveRNMENT AND Vintves. The stat is veueesl, and produceth a great quan
No.1, 2X eon

168 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,
tity of feed, it is hot and moilt, and under the fign Libra. The decoétion of the
root taken in wine is very effectual in opening the obftructions of the fpleen and liver,
It helpeth the yellow jaundice, the dropfy, the pains in the loins, and wind cholic,
-_ provoketh urine, expelleth the ftone, and procureth womens’ courfes. The decoc-
tion taken for fifteen days on going to bed and in the morning fafting, helpeth the
ftranguary, the evacuation of the urine by drops, the ftopping of urine, the ftone,
| and all defeéts of the reins and kidnies, and by a longer continuance of the aforefaid
decoétion great relief will be found againft the French difeafe. The roots bruifed
and externally applied, helpeth the kernels of the throat, commonly called the king’s
_ evil, or taken inwardly, and applied to the place ftung or bitten by aferpent, healeth
it {peedily. If the roots are bruifed and boiled in hog’s lard, it is good for drawing
forth thorns, fplinters, &c. and clofing the incifions made thereby. The juice of
~ the leaves dropped into the ears, helpeth impofthumes therein ; the diftilled water of
the whole herb, when the leaves and ftalks are young, may be drank with good:

fuccefs for all the purpofes aforefaid.

HUI Y EBRIGH T. | |
_ Description, COMMON eyebright is a fmall low herb, rifing up ufually but
with one blackifh green ftalk, about a fpan high, {pread from the bottom into fundry
branches, whereon are fet fmall and almoft round, yet pointed, dark green leaves;
they are finely {nipped about the edges, two always fet together, and very thick at
the joints with the leaves from the middle upwards, come forth {mall white flowers,
| ‘ftriped with purple and yellow, after which follow fmall round heads containing very
-— fimall feed ; the root is long, fmall, and thready at the end. |
PR oa Prace. It groweth in meadows and erafly places,
_. Government and Virtuss. It is under the fign Virgo, and Sol claims thedo-
sae minion over it. The juice of this herb taken in white wine or broth, or dropped
7 othe eyes for feveral days together, helpeth all the infirmities of them: Some
1 conferve of the flowers for the aforefaid purpofe. Being ufed either of thele
Ifo helpeth a weak brain or memory. If tunned up with itrong beer that it
gether, and drank ; or the powder of the dried herb mixed with fugar,
n fennel feed, and drank or taken in broth ; or the faid powder

, AND COMPLETE HERBAL Eq
ifi2 “a | \ :
vitieadits Wat dah ou sared ed es i ae 8

CALLED alfo dead-wort and. wall-wort,

Descriprion. This herb fpringeth frefh from the ground every fj pring, its leaves
and ftalks perifhing at the approach of winter. It is like the common elder béth in
form and quality, rifing up with a fquare, rough, hairy ftalk, about four feet high,
though fometimes higher; the winged leaves are fomewhat narrower than of that
aforementioned, but in other refpects not unlike them; the flower®areahite dafh’d —
with purple, ftanding in umbels, refembling thofe of the former pep in {mell,
thefe being the moft pleafant ; after the fowers come finall blackifh berries; full of
juice whilft they are frefh, containing fmall hard kernels, or feed. The root doth
creep under the upper cruft of the ground, {pringing in divers places, and. being in
general about the fize of a perfon’s finger. ,

Prace. It groweth wild in many parts of the ined and is with any
erazed from the place where it once takes root. :

Time. Moft of the elder trees flower in June, and eee fruit is ripe in Augutt,
but the dwarf kind or wall-wort flowereth fomewhat later, and its fruit is not ripe
till September. . :

GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. Both thecommon and 1 dwarf elders are under the
dominion of Venus. . The firft fhoots of the common elder boiled like afparagus,
or the young Jeaves and ftalks boiled in fat broth, expelleth phlegm and choler ;
the middle or inward bark boiled in water, and drank, purgeth exceedingly ; and
the berries, either green or dry, are often given with’ good fuccefs for the dropfy :
the Bark of the root boiled in wine, or the juice thereof drank, hath the fame virtue,
though more powerful in its operations, he juice of the root doth ftrongly pro-
voke vomiting, and purgeth the watery humours of the dropfy. The decoétion of
the root cureth the biting of a mad dog, as alfo that of the adder ; it mollifieth the
: hardnefs of the mother, and bringeth down the courfes; the berries boiled in wine,
performeth the fame effect, and the hairof the head wafhed therewith, is made
black. Thejuice of the green leaves applied to the hot inflammations of the eyes
-affwageth them, and. being fnuffed up the noftrils, purgeth the tunicles of the brain. —
The juice of the berries boiled with honey, and dropped into the ears, cureth the
pains. thereof; by drinking a decoétion of the berries in wine, urine is provoked ;
the diftilled water of the flowers is very ferviceable for cleanfing the {kin from fun-

burning, freckles, morphew, &c.. It cureth the head-ach by wafhing it these eS: Z : a

and being: ufed as a bath, it is a certain cure for ulcerated legs ; it - n
acne of ike and helpeth thofe whe: are afilicted with the pally.

yo. | CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

The dwarf-elder is more powerful than the common in opening-and purging
choler, phlegm, and water; it helpeth the gout, piles, and the difeafes incident to
women; it coloureth the hair black, helpeth the inflammations of the eyes, and
pains of the ears, the biting of ferpents or mad dogs, burnings and fcaldings, the
wind cholic, the {tone, the difficulty of urine, and the cure of old fores and fiftulous
ulcers. Dr. Butler obferves, that the decoction of elder is a moft excellent relief
for the dropfy.

EG Ri Mucquehs new <0,

Description. This plant hath long leaves, deeply cut or jagged on the edges,
not much unlike the leaves of wild muftard; the ftalks are finall, flender, and
pliant, and will twift and wind like the withy. Upon each of thefe ftalks grow
many yellow flowers ; which are followed: by long lender hufks, containing feed of
a fharp biting tafte; the root is very long and thick, with many fmall ftrings or
threads hanging thereto,

Piacez. It delights in ftony, untilled places, and is to be found in moft of the
bye-paths and bank-fides in this kingdom. -

Time, It generally flowereth in the months of June and July, though their blof-
foms are fometimes feen later in the year. }

Governmint anv Virtues. The feed of this plant taken with honey, ripeneth
and caufeth the evacuation of tough and clammy phlegm; it is alfo good againft
the thortnefs of breath, and is effectual in removing an old cough. If the feed is
-fteeped in fair water and then dried by the fire, it is good for the gripings of the

__ belly, and expelleth all venom and poifon.. An ointment made of the feed, confum-
_ eth and wafteth all hard fwellings and. impofthumes behind the ears, ‘as alfo ¢ can-
‘Aer: eee tesihnae in the breafts, genitals, &c. ot

bier Er roa AON T FN.

> Deine, and phinpiiel rofe. The Latins call it cynorrbodon, and the
| .. “Another fpecis of —— is the dog-rofe, and all. other

Time and races The fweet-bryar, iro its fraetane and pleafant fell is
cultivated in moft gar lens and ‘Ppleafure grounds. It grows likewife wild in the
borders of fields, an | in woods, in almoft every part of this kingdom ; but not by
far fo plentifully a8 the dog-rofe. Tt begins to thoot forth its buds early in the

{pring, and flourifheth and floweret during the time of all the other rofe-trees-
GovERN-

.

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. rt

GovERNMENT AND Virtuss. Sweet-briar is under the dominion of Jupiter, and
the dog-rofe is under the Moon. The leaves of the flowers are not fo efficacious in
medicine as rofe leaves, which being more abundant, are always ufed in preference.
The {pungy apples or balis which are found upon the eglantine, if pounded to a
pafte, and mixed with honey and wood afhes, is an excellent remedy for the alopecia,
or falling off of the hair ; and being dried and powdered, and taken in white wine,
4s good againft the ftone and gravel, removing the ftranguary, and ftrengthening
the kidnies. The fame boiled in a ftrong decoction of the roots, is good to heal
the bitings of venomous beafts, or mad dogs. The red berries which fucceed the
flowers, called hips, if made into a conferve, and eaten occafionally, gently bind the
belly, {top defluxions of the head and ftemach, help digeftion, fharpen the appe-
tite, and drieth up the moifture of cold rheumand phlegm upon the ftomach. The
powder of the dried pulp is an excellent remedy for the whites ; and if mixed with
the powder of the balls, and given in {mall quantities, is an excellent remedy for the
cholic, and to deftroy worms. : | cteth fat

EUPHORBIUM, or GUM-THISTLE,

THIS plant is fo well known, and fo common in every part of this kingdom,
that any defcription of it would be altogether fuperfluous. cae

Prace. They grow in moft fields and meadows throughout this kingdom, and
particularly in grounds fowed with corn. fits

Time. They flower from the beginning of June until the end of September ; and
the feed progreffively ripens from the end of Juneto the beginning of November.
~ Government anv Vratvzs., This plant is under the dominion of the planet
Mars, and partakes more of his fiery nature than any of the other chiles. It is hot
and dry in the fourth degree, being a perfedt cauftic, and of thin parts. Anem-
plaifter made of it, with twelve times as much oil, and a little wax, heals all achs of
the joints, lamenefs, palfies, cramps, and fhrinkings of the finews. © Mixed with oil
of bay and bear’s greafe, it healeth feurfs and fealds in the head, and reftoreth loft
hait ; applied with oil to the temples, it healeth the lethargy, and by putting it
“to the nape of the neck, it preventeth the apoplexy. Being mixed with vinegar it —
-removeth all blemifhes of the fkin, or with other ointments, it heateth the parts that
are cold, and healeth the {ciatica. Taken inwardly, it fretteth the intrails and fcorche
eth the whole body, therefore mutt be beaten fmall, and tempered with fomething

that lubrifies and allayeth its heat and fharpnefs, and then it purgeth water and > eek

phlegm. The remedy is anteuphorbium, which is fucculent, cold, and flimy. fee
pills of euphorbium greatly helpeth dropfies, pains in the loins, and gouts, by
ee, ei ee ee : 2Z ee es

2 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

ture. The fimple oil of this plant hath the fame virtues as that of caftor, but is
much ftronger ; if fnuffed up the nofe, it purgeth the head of phlegm ; it-is alfo
good in old and cold pains of the joints, liver, and fpleen. It is good for cold difeafes
of the nerves and brain, the head-ach, and pains in the fide thereof ; it cures the
lethargy, being fnuffed up the nofe; anointed on the privities it provoketh luft,
and it healeth all: numbnefs and fliffnefs proceeding from cold. Oleum de euphorbig
compofitum, or the compound oi] of euphorbium,. operates as the fimple, but more
effectually; it healeth old and cold difeafes of the nerves and brain, and prevents
drowfinefs. It is very effectual in cold pains of the womb, kidnies, and bladder, be-
ing anointed on the regions thereof. The extract of euphorbium healeth the palfy,
gout, fpafm, and dropfy, and bringeth phlegm from the nerves.

Pe oe ce
DesoripTion. OF this there are two kinds principally to be treated of ; viz. the
male and female. The female groweth higher than the male, but the leaves thereof
are lefs and more divided or dented, but of the fame fmeil as that of the male. The
virtues of each are the fame. <=. |
_: Pace. They grow on heaths and in fhady places near the hedge-fides in moft
parts of this kingdom. ) g
Time. They flower and feed at midfummer. : :

_ GovERNMENT AND Virtuss. It is under the dominion of Mercury, both the
male and female. The roots of both thefe forts of ferns, being bruifed and boiled
in mead, or honey-water, and drank, killeth both the broad and long worms in the

body, and abateth the fwelling and hardnefs of the fpleen. The green leaves eaten, -

purge the belly of cholerick and waterifh humours, but it troubles the ftomach;

: they alfo caufe abortion, confequently are unfit for the ufe of pregnant women.

he roots bruifed and boiled in oil or hog’s lard, make a very profitable ointment to
il wounds, or draw forth thorns from the flefh. The powder of them ufed in foul

eth up their malignant moifture, and caufeth their fpeedy healing. Fern
» the fmoke thereof driveth away ferpents, gnats, and other noifome cre2-
fenny countries are fometimes very troublefome. ; aa

WAT ERP E RN. :
ofmond-royal. — |

ne forth in the {pring time, it hath feveral rough hard
aor S, alt- FOUR, GF fateith on one fide, and hollow ; they are about two feet high,
Paving many branches of winged yellowith green leaves on all fides, fet one againtt
. <a another,

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 173

another, longer, narrower, and not nicked on the edges ; from the top of fome of
thefe {talks grow forth a long buth of {mall and more yellowith green fcaly aglets,
fet in the fame manner on:the ftalks as the leaves are; thefe are fuppofed to be the
flowers.and feed. The root is rough, thick, and fcaly, having a white pith in the
middle, which is called the heart thereof.

Pace. It groweth on moors, bogs, and watery places, . in many parts of this

kingdom.

| Time) It is green all the fummer, but the root only liveth during the winter.

~ GoverNMENT and Virtues. Saturn owns this plant. It hath all the virtues of.
the former ferns, though much more effectual in its operations than either, both for
inward and outward griefs, and isa fingular remedy for wounds, bruifes, &c. The
decoction drank,.or boiled down to an oil or,ointment, and applied, is alfo good for.
bruifes, sand bones broken or disjointed ; as alfo for ruptures and burftings, and
giveth much eafe to the cholick and {plenetick difeafes. The decoétion of the root.
taken in white wine, pagan uEIDS exceedingly, and cleanfeth its paffages +.

FEA THE R.FE W.

Description. COMMON Featherfew hath many large, frefh, green ol |
very much torn or cut on the edges; the {talks are hard and round, fet with many.
fuch-like leaves; but fomewhat fmaller; at the tops ftand many fingle flowers, each
upon a {mall footftalk; they confift of many fmall white leaves, ftanding.round a -
yellow thrumb.. The root is fomewhat hard and fhort, with many ftrong pares.
The {mell of the whole plant is ftrong, and of a bitter tafte.

- Prace. There are fome places in this kingdom where it grows wild, but it is ge-
Sen a garden plant.

. Trmeg.. It flowereth inthe months of June and July... ye

- Government and Virtuss., This herb is governed by Venus. Being boiled in.
white wine and the decoétion diank: it cleanfeth the womb, expelleth the afterbirth,
and is of general utility to the fair fex. It is ufed with fuccefs for the difeafes of. the

‘mother, either in the rifing or ftrangling of the fame, or when attended with hard-
nefs or womens tied applied seg side: thereunto. A decoction of the

ae OF the athes of each of thefe ferns are sade wich eater, balls, efpecially i in Warwickthire
and Staffordfhire ; and being dried in the fun, they wath their clothes with them inftead of foap 5
but before they ufe them they put them into a light fire till they are red hot, and then they will

ealily powder. "This fern i is ufed in Suffex to burn lime, the flame being very fit for that pur- ae

pole. Thej juice of the root is. good for burns. The afhes caft upon tones inftead of n
wet gials of a green colour. | =e

174 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

flowers in wine, with @little nutmeg or mace therein, and-drank feveral times in &
day, is an approved provokative of women’s courfes, as alfo a great help toexpel ithe —
dead and afterbirths ; and to fit over the ‘hot fumes of the decoction of the herb
made in water or wine, will prove equally ferviceable. The decoCion mixed-with
fugar or honey, is good tohelp a cough, to cleanfe the cheft or ftomach of phlegm,
and to expel the ftone. The powder of the herb taken in wine, with fome oximel,
purgeth both choler and phlegm, and is good for thofe who are fhort winded, or
are troubled with melancholy or lownefs of {pirits', itis effeCtual in removing all
pains of the head arifing from a cold, ‘the herb being bruifed, and applied tothe ©
crown thereof; ufedin the fame manner, it is likewife good for: the {wimming or
giddinefs of the head. The decoétion thereof drank warm, and the herb :bruiled
with a few grains of bay-falt; and applied to the wrifts, will prevent the return of
ague fits. The diftilled water taketh away freckles and other {pots of the fkin, and
other blemithes in the face ; the herb bruifed and ‘heated on a tile, with fome wine
to moiften it, or fryed with alittle oil and wine in a frying-pan, and applied warm
outwardly, helpeth-the wind and cholick i in the lower part of the belly. Itis an ef
,pecial remedy againft opium taken too liberally.

Vy) FE MM. Ek

EVERY garden affordeth this fo plentifully, that it needeth no defcription.
GOVERNMENT and. Virtues. It is governed by Mercury, under Virgo, and

“‘beareth antipathy to Rifces. It is exceeding good to boil with fifh, as it con-
fumeth the phlegmatick:humour arifing therefrom. Fennel is good to break wind,
_ provoke.urine, and eafe the pains of as well as break the ftone, The leaves and
feed boiled in barley-water and drank, is good to increafe milk, and make: it more.
wholefome. The leaves, or rather the feed boiled in water, ftayeth the hiccough,
an taketh away that loathing which often happens to the ftomach of fick and fe-

erith petfons, and allayeth the heat thereof; the feed boiled: in wine and dratiks :

: ae and windy viitinibe of the iis the saiasaehias and
_ the gout and. Ps the feed is alfo of great ufe in medicines, to help fhortnefs ot

breath, and wheezing “by ftoppage of the lungs ; and it-helpeth. to bring down the

courfés, and cleanfe ¢ 1€ parts after delivery. The roots are good when ufed jn diet-
drinks and broth, that are taken to cleanfe the blood, to open obftrudtions of the

liver, to provoke the urine, to amend the ill colour in the face after facknefs, and
to caufe a good habit of the body. ‘The diftitled water of the whole herb, or the

gondent ate juice diffolved, (but efpecially the natural juice that iffueth forth a ;

| AND COMPLETE HERBAL . 175
. ‘this plant in hot countries) dropped into the eyes, cleanfeth them from mift and
film growing upon the fight thereof. The fweet fennel is much weaker in phyfical
ufes than the common fennel, and the wild is ftronger and hotter than the tame,
and therefore more powerful againit the ftone, but not fo effectual to increafe milk
becaufe of its drynefs. é :
WU, ow PENNELL,
BESIDES the common Englifh names of fow-fennel, hogs- fennel, hoar-ftrong,
hoar-ftrang, fulphur-wort, and brimftone-wort, it is called in Latin, peufidanum.
‘Description. The common fow-fennel hath many branched ftalks of thick and
fomewhat long leaves, three of which generally grow together ;. the ftalk is Mraight
and crefted, with joints thereon, fomewhat lefs than the common fennel, and branch-
ing forth at the top feveral fmall fprays with tufts of yellow Mowers, after which
cometh flat, thin, and yellowifh feed, rather larger than that of the former. The
root groweth great and deep, with many fibres hanging thereto, of a-ftrong {mell,
and yieldeth a yellowith clammy juice, almoft like a gum.
“Prace. It groweth plentifully in the low falt marfhes near Feverfham in Kent.
Time. It flowereth and feedeth in July and Auguft.
~ Government anp Virturs. This alfo is an herb of Mercury. The juice of
fow-fennel ufed with vinegar and rofe-water, or the juice with a little euphorbium,
put to the nofe, helpeth thofe who are troubled with the lethargy, the frenzy, the
turning or giddinefs of the head, the falling ficknefs, long and inveterate head-ach,
the palfy, {ciatica, cramp, and in general all the difeafes of the finetys, being mixed
with oil and vinegar, and the affected parts bathed therewith. The juice diffolved
in wine, or put into an egg, is good for the cough, or fhortnefs of breath, and to ex-
_ pel wind ; it purgeth the belly gently, helpeth the hardnefs of the fpleen, giveth eafe

to pregnant women, and eafeth the pains of the reins, bladder and womb. A little |

of the juice diffolved in wine and dropped into the ears, eafeth the pains thereof, or
puti into an hollow tooth, eafeth the tooth-ach; the root is lefs effectual in all the
aforefaid difeafes, yet it is not without i its virtues ; the powder of it cleanfeth foul ul-
cers, draweth forth fplinters of broken bones, drieth up old and inveterate Bee
‘ihe and i is an excellent falve for green wounds. —

Ba w 0 mo Oke

CALLED alfo throatwort. 7 a2
Descripr ION. Common great figwort fhooteth forth feveral creat , ftrong, 1a

Aquare, brown ftalks, three or four fect high, whereon grow large, hard, and

No. 13. | : 3A : = green

~

76 CULPEPER's ENGLISH PH Y SICIAN,

| green leaves, two on a joint, being larger and harder than the pettle leaves, butdoes_

not fting ; at the tops of the ftalks ftand many purple flowers, fet in hufks, not un-

like thofe of water-bettony, which are followed by round heads with a {mall point —

in the middle, containing finall brownifh feed. The root is large, white, and thick,
fhooting forth many branches under the upper crult of the earth, which abideth many

years, but the leaves perifh annually.
Piace. It groweth frequently in moift and fhady places, afd j in the bottoms of
fields and meadows. :

Time. It flowereth about July, and the feed ripens about.a month after the

flowers are fallen.
Government and Virturs. Venus claims dominion over this herb. It isan

excellent remedy for the king’s evil or any other difeafe in the neck; the decoction —

of the herb taken inwardly, and the bruifed herb applied outwardly, diffolveth
clotted and congealed blood, coming from any wound, bruife, or fall, and is no lefs
‘effectual in removing knots, kernels, bunches, and wens, growing in the fiefh; it

is good alfo for the hemorrhoids, piles, or other knobs or kernels growing near the ;

fyndament.. An ointment made hereof may be ufed for the above purpofes when
the frefh herb is not to be had. The diftilled water of the whole plant, together
with the root, may alfo be ufed for the afdrefaid diforders ; it drieth up the fuper-
fluous virulent moifture of hollow and corroding ulcers, and taketh away all rednefs,
_ pots, and freckles in the face, as alfo the fcurf and blotches therein, and is ufed
wick good effect to cleanfe the body of the leprofy. ,

AM LIE I EEN DU bm

&: = is by fome called dropwort.

a rib, and much dented on the edges, fomewhat refembling wild tanfy or agtl-

reading itfelf into many other branches, each bearing feveral white
Chee confifting of five leaves apiece, with fmall threads in the mid-

ee : ded oge her ina tuft or umbel, each upon a {mall footftalk, and are
= | egg pees like buttons, which contain the feed. The Lor
confifts of ma =

ftrings, which ron

eS Tt:

i To ¢ a and their Gea; is ee kee

Descri prion. It fhooteth forth many leaves of various fizes, orowing on each

~

feel much harder; among thefe rife up one or more ftalks, two or three —

— GOvERN-

AND COMPLETE HERBAL; 177

GovERNMENT and Virtues. It is under the dominion of Venus. It is very
effectual to open the urinary paflages, and to help the ftranguary, and all other pains
of the bladder and reins, and to expel the ftone and gravel, by taking the root ii,

powder, or a decoction of them in white wine, {weetened with fugar ; the fame alfo
helpeth to expel the afterbirth, The roots made into powder, and mixed with honey,
after the manner of an electuary, is good to be taken by thofe whofe ftomachs are
_ fwollen, breaking and expelling the wind which was the caufe thereof, as alfo for all
difeafes of the lungs, as fhortnefs of breath, wheezings, hoarfnefs of the throat, and
the cough, and to expectorate cold phlegm. It is called drop-wort becaufe it giveth .
eafe to thofe who evacuate their water by drops,

pube * oo ee ee rE.

- FOR to give a defcription of a tree fo well known to almoft every body who
lives in this kingdom, were needlefs ; fhall therefore oy ohiey ss its it is much
fitter for medicinal purpofes than any other.
Government and Virtuss, ‘The tree is under the dominion of Jupiter. The
milk that iffueth from the leaves or branches when they are broken, being dropped
upon warts, taketh them away; the decoction of the leaves is exceeding good to
wath fore heads with, nor is there fearcely a better remedy for the leprofy than this ;
it alfo clears the face of the morphew, and the body of white fcurf, moift fcabs, and
running fores; if it be dropped into old fretting ulcers, it cleanfeth out the moifture
and clofeth up the flefh. - For the fake of convenience, an ointment may be made of
the leaves whilft they are green, which will keep all the winter... A decoction of
the leaves taken inwardly, or rather the fyrup of them, diffolves congealed blood
caufed by falls or bruifes, and is good for the bloody flux; the afhes of the wood
made i into an ointment with hog’s lard, cureth kibes and chilblains ; the juice being
put into a hollow tooth, eafeth the tooth-ach, and dropped into the ears, cureth the
deafnefs and pains thereof, An ointment of the juice and hog’s creafe, is an excel-
lent remedy for the biting of a mad dog, or other venomous beafts. A fyrup of the
Sreen fruit, is very good for coughs, hoarfenefs, fhortnefs of breath, and all difeafes
of the breaft and lungs; it is equally efficacious for the dropfy and falling ficknefs.
ei 1s Feported, but I cannot vouch for its veracity, that a bull, be he never fo mad,

by being tied to this tree; will quickly become tame and gentle. :

; i> fh Weep ef -Lk OUCC E,
_ IT alfo beareth the name of yellow-water-flag. ae
Description, There are other flower-de- luces, from which this herb

scene in the leaves ; thofe of this plant are much longer and narrower, and of a wa
, ereen

we CULPEPER’s ENGLISH. PHYSICIAN,

ereen colour; in other refpects there is little or no difference. The leaves all grow
together, from the middle of which rifeth the ftalk, bearing on the top fmall yellow
flowers, with three falling leaves, and other three arched that cover their bottoms}
but inftead of the three upright leaves which are in the other kinds, in this there is»
fubftituted three very fhort leaves, which are followed: by long triangled heads, each
containing large and flattifh feed. The root is long and flender, of a pale brownifh
colour on the outfide, and of a hoar lightifh colour within, having many hard —
thereat, and of a harfh tafte.

Prace. It ufually grows in watery ditches, ponds, lakes, and moor-fides, which
are filled with ftanding or running waters.

Time, - It flowereth in July, and the feed is ripe in Augutt. es

GovERNMENT AND Virtues, It is under the dominion of the Moon. The root
is of a very aftringent, cooling, and drying nature, and thereby helpeth all lafks and
fluxes, whether of blood or humours, as bleeding at the mouth, nofe, or other parts,
and the immoderate flooding of womens’ courfes. The diftilled water of the whole
herb, flowers, and roots, is a fovereign remedy for weak eyes, being either dropped

therein or cloths or fponge wet therewith and applied to the forehead ; being alfo

fomented on fwellings and hot inflammations and cankers incident to womens’
breafts ; ; alfo foul ulcers in the privy parts of either fex. An ointment made of the
flowers is better for thefe external applications.

fe Evi xxweer
_ CALLED likewifetoad-Aax,

Description. Our common flaxweed hath many talks, thick fet with long and
Bi “narrow blue, or afh-coloured leaves, and bearing from the middle upward a vat
aoe umber of pale yellow flowers, of a ftrong unpleafant fmell, with deeper yellow

* mouth , and blackifh flat feed in round heads. The raot is fomewhat woody and

e, efpeci Hy the chief branch of it, which fpreadeth icfelf many ways, having
hanging thereto.
his groweth in every part of this kingdom, and i is to be found by the
in meadows, banks, and borders. :
offoms in ocataad and the feed is ripe cectd about the middle or
~ latter end of Augutt. — 2
GovERNMENT AND Pens Mars owns this bisbs It is frequently ufed to
provoke urine and to expel the abundance of thofe watery humours by urine which
caufe the dropfy. The decoétion of the herb with the leaves and flowers in wines ”
doth fomewhat move the belly downwards, openeth obftructions of the liver, ag
; et

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 179

eth the yellow jaundice, expelleth poifon, provoketh womens’ courfes, and driveth
forth the dead child and afterbirth. Being drank with a drachm of the powder of -
the feed, or the bark of the root of walwort, mixed with a little cinnamon for feveral
«days together, is efteemed a fingular remedy for the dropfy ; the juice of the herb
or the diftilled water dropped into the eyes, is a certain cure for all heat, inflamma-
tions, and rednefs of them ; the fame put into foul ulcers, whether cankerous or
fiftulous, with tents, or the parts wafhed or injeéted therewith, cleanfeth them
thoroughly from the bottom, and healeth them up with fafety ; it alfo cleanfeth the
_ fkin of the morphew, fcurf, wheals, pimples, or other fpots and blemithes, either
ufed by it felf or with the powder of lupines.

PEUGGE UL BR WOR THO | ,

DescriPTIoN. The ordinary fleawort rifeth up with a ftalk about two feet high,
though fometimes higher ; full of joints and branches on every fide, quite up to the
top ; at each of the joints grow two fmall, long, and narrow whitifh green leaves,
which are fomewhat hairy. At the tops of the branches ftand feveral fmall, fhort,
fealy, or chaffy heads, out of which come forth fimall whitifh yellow threads, fome-
what like thofe of the plantane herbs, which are the bloffoms or flowers. The feed
contained in thofe heads, is fmall and fhining, and very much refembles fleas, both
in fize and colour, whilft it is frefh, but turns black as its age advances. The root
isfhort, white, hard, and woody, perifhing every year, and rifing from its own feed,
which it promifcuoufly fheds: The whole plant is rather whitith and hairy, fmelling.
fomewhat like rofin.

There is another fort hereof, differing not from the former i in the manner of j its
growth, but the ftalks and branches are fomewhat greater, bending down towards
the ground ; the leaves are rather larger, the heads a little lefs, and the feed very
much alike. The root and leaves abide all the year, and do not perifh i in the winter
feafon like the former. sie:

Pract. The firft groweth only in gardens, but the fecond plentifully in fields

and paftures near the fea.

Time. They flower in July, o or tiereabente: : Pe ie
Government anp Virtues. ‘Theherb is cold and dry, and of a Saturnine qua-

Jity. The feed fried and taken, ftayeth the flux or lafk of the belly, and the corro-
fions that proceed from hot, choleric, fharp, and malignant humours, or from Ma ie
ftrong an operation of any medicine, as fcammony, &c. The mucilage of the feed

made with rofe-water, and a little fugar-candy added thereto, is very peter 10

agues and burning fevers and inflammations ; ; alfo to allay the thirft, and lenity the —

-

Wo CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

drynefs and roughnefs of the tongue and throat. It helpeth hoarfenefs of the voice,
difeafes of the breaft and lungs, caufed by heat or fharp falt humours, and alfo the ©
pleurify. The mucilage of the feed made with plantane-water, with the yolk of an —
egg anda little populeon added thereto, is a fafe and fure remedy for the fharpnefs,
prickings, and pains of the hemorrhoids, or piles, if it-be laid on a cloth and bound

thereto. It healeth inflammations in all parts of the body, and the pains arifing there-
from, as the head-ach, &c. It eafeth the pains of impofthumes, fwellings, and

breakings out of the {kin, as blains, wheals, puthes, purples, and the like; as allo the :
pains of the joints, gout, {ciatica, and diflocated members ; and applied with oil of
rofes and vinegar, it is good to help the burfting of young children, and the {welling
of the navel. Itis a good remedy for fore breafts and nipples of women ; the juice of

the herb with a little honey put into the ears, helpeth the running and deftroyeth the

worms breeding therein ; the fame alfo mixed with hog’s greafe, and applied to cor-

- syupt and filthy ulcers, cleanfeth and healeth them.

hs
Wl er LBABAN E
Names. IT is called alfo in Englifh, mullet, and in Latin conyza.

Government and Virtves. It is hot and dry in the third degree. The herb
being fpread under foot, or burnt and {moked in any place, willdrive away venomous —

‘creatures, and ‘will kill and deftroy fleas and knats. An ointment of the root and

leaves is ufed with fuccefs for the itch:

fol FLIX WEED.
4 Description. IT rifeth up with a round, upright, hard ftalk, four or five feet
Apreading into feveral branches, whereon grow many grayifh green leaves,
ry finely cut, and fevered into a number of fhort and almoft round’parts. The
are very {mall and yellow, growing fpike-fafhion, after which come very
ds, containing yellowith feed. The root is long and woody, perifh-

| as is 7 : t fort of this plant, differing from the former only in the leaves,
ie ene at broader ; both kinds are of a very difagreeable fmell, and of
abiting tat, i ea ies
Prace. Th

_ They grow wild in fields and by he. ighways5 alfo among

fubbifh: and obkel Blok = “ by hedge-fides and highways; alio 2
Trae, They flower andeed in June and July. en
Coven sie? and Virturs. This herb is alfo Saturnine. The herb and feed is

of excellent ufe to ftay the flux } i

and laik of the belly, being taken in water wi phi? |

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: | Bh

gads of heated fteel have been often quenched ; and is no lefs effe¢tual for thefe pur-
pofes than plantane or comfrey, and to reftrain any other flux of blood, either in man
or woman; as alfo to confolidate broken and diflocated bones. The juice thereof
drank in wine, or the decoétion of the herb taken, killeth the worms in the ftomach
and belly, as alfo fuch as are fometimes feen in putrid and ulcerated wounds. Made
into a falve, it is a good plaifter for foul and malignaat fores ; the diftilled water of
the herb anfwereth the fame purpofes, though fomewhat weaker, yet is it elteemed

a fine medicine, and often chofen in preference to the former. Syrups, ointménts,.

and emplaifters of it, are truly valuable houfhold medicines. "

fee BLEELLUIN

Description. It fhooteth forth many long branches, partly lying upon the ground,.
and partly ftanding upright, fet with almoft round leaves, yet a little pointed and.

fometimes bordering upon an oval fhape, placed without order, fomewhat hoary,

and of an evil ereenifh white colour; from the joints to the tops of the talks, grow

with the leaves, upon fmall fhort footftalks, fmall fowers, one at each place, open-

ing or gaping like fnap-dragons, or. rather like toad-fiax, with the upper part of a |

yellow colour, and the under of a purpleith, with a fmall heel-or fpur behind; after
thefe come {mall round heads, containing fmall black feed. The root is fall ma
threaddy, perifhing annually, and rifing again of its own fowing.

There is another fort which hath longer branches, wholly trailing upon the ground,
- two or three feet Jong, and fometimes not quite fo thick fet with leaves, which alfo

$row upon fmall footftalks ; they are rather larger than the former, and fometimes —

Jagged on the edges, but the lower part being the broadeft, and terminating ina
jimall point, its fhape does not bear the moft diftant refemblance to that of the ear of
moft animals; it is fomewhat hairy but not hoary, and of a better green than the firft.

The flowers come forth like thofe aforementioned, but the colour of the upper part
is rather white than yellow, and the purple not fo fair; the flower is every way larger,

as are the feeds and feedzveflels. The root is like the other, and perifheth yearly.

Pracr. They grow in the borders and other parts of corn-fields and fertile

grounds, efpecially near Southfleet in Kent, and at Buckworth, Hamer and
-Rickmanfworth in Huntingdonhhire, and in many other places. ;

Timez. They are in bloom about i or July, and the whole plant is dry and a

perifhed before September. -

Governuent anp Virtuzs. It isalunar herb, The leaves bruifed and applied we

: with barley-meal to watering eyes that are hot and inflamed by defluxions from
head, is igen exceedingly 5 5 as alfo the flooding of blood 2 and humour

,

sé CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

lafk, bloody flux, womens’ courfes, bleeding of the nofe, mouth, or any other place, i
or proceeding from any bruife, wound, or burfting of a vein, ‘and greatly helpeth é
-fuch parts as need confolidating and ftrengthening ; it is ho lefs effeCtual in clofing
and healing green wounds, than in cleanfing and curing foul and ulcerated fores,
fretting and {preading cankers, &c.

lof FOXGLOVE

Description. IT hath many long and broad leaves lying upon the ground,
dented about the edges, a little foft or woolly, and of a hoary green colour; among
thefe grow up feveral ftalks, but generally one which bears the aforefaid leaves from
the bottom to the middle-upwards, from whence to the top it is fet with large and
long, hollow, reddifh purple ‘flowers, being a little longer at the lower edge, and
fpotted with white on the infide; there are threads alfo in the middle, from whence
rife round. heads, pointed fharp at the ends, and containing {mall brown feed therein;
they grow one.above another, with {mall green leaves thereat, hanging their heads
downward, and each turning the fame way. The roots confift of {mall fibres, among
which are fome of a tolerable fize. The bloffoms are without {mell, and the lraurs :
are of a bitter hot tafte,

Pracz. It groweth in dry fandy places, and as well on high as low rouble ;
alfo under the hedge-fides, i in almoft-every part of this kingdom.

Time. -It feldom flowereth before July, and the feed is ripe in Auguft.
Government AND Virtugs. This herb is under the dominion of Venus. It is

of a gentle cleanfing nature, and is frequently ufed to heal freth or green wounds, by -

__ bruifing the leaves and binding them thereon, and the juice thereof is alfo ufed for
_ old fores, to cleanfe, dry, and heal them, The decoétion made with fugar or honey,

He is effectual i in cleanfing and purging the body, both upwards and downwards, of
we x Phlegm and clammy humour s, and to open obftructions of the liver and fpleen. ~

th been found by experience to be available for the king’s evil, the herb being
Sapplied, or an ointment made with the j juice, and fo ufed. A decoétion

; | thereof with four ounces of Polypody, in ale, hath been found to
€ falling ficknefs who have been affli@

ed therewith for upwards of
isa a fovercign remedy for a fore head, ;

e

oe PFUMIToORy |
Descripr = lip
path: — ps lame on fumitory is a tender fappy herb, fending forth —
branches two or three feet lone? and leaning downwards on all fides, many

° ‘ ‘with seats thereon of whitith or rather blueifh, fea-
green

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 183

ereen leaves, finely cut and jagged, at the tops of the branches ftand many {mall
flowers, one above another, forming a kind of fpike, of a reddith purple colour, with
whitifh berries; thefe are fucceeded by fmall round hufks, which contain the feed.
Its root is yellow, {mall, and not very long, full of juice while it is green, but pe-
rifheth as the feed ripens. In fome parts of Cornwall there is a fpecies of this plant
which beareth white bloffoms. °
Pract. It groweth generally in corn-fields and cultivated grounds, and i is alfo
_ a garden plant.

Time. It flowereth in May and the fe! ripens foon after.
GovERNMENT AND VirtuEs. Saturn claims dominion over this herb. The fy-

rup or juice made hereof, or the decoction made in whey, with fome other purging
or opening herbs and roots added thereto, in order to ftrengthen its operation, (being
7 of itfelf but weak) is very effectual for the liver and fpleen, opening the ob{tructions
thereof, and clarifying the blood from faltifh, choleric, and malignant humours, -
which caufe leprofy, fcabs, tetters, itch, and fuch like breakings out of the fkin ;.
and after having performed thefe fervices, it ftrengthens all the inward parts. Ic
cureth the yellow jaundice, and expelleth it by urine, which it procureth in abun-
dance. The powder of the dried herb given for fome time together, cureth melan-
choly, but the feed is moft effectual. The diftilled water of the herb is‘alfo of good
effect in the former difeafes, and i is an excellent preventative againft the plague be-
ing taken with good treacle; or gargled with a little water and honey of rofes, it
helpeth the fores of the mouth and throat. The juice dropped into the eyes, clear-
eth the fight, and taketh rednefs and other defects therefrom. Diofcorides faith, it’
hindereth the hair from growing afrefh on the eyelids, if they are anointed with the
juice hereof having gum arabic diffolved therein. The juice of fumitory and docks
mingled with vinegar, and the places gently wafhed or wet therewith, cureth all forts
of fcabs, pimples, itch, wheals, or pufhes, which are —— to the face, hands,
Or any aches part of the body. ; 7

pe gb FURZE-BUSH.

AT; is fo well known by this name as alfo by that of gol, gf whins, tha ; minute
defeription y would be totally ufelefs. Z : . .

Prace. It is known to grow on dry barren heaths, a and other wafte, gravelly, ; ae

and fandy ground, 2a
2 IMs. They ower i in ‘the fummer a ; i,
_ Govensacens and Virturs. ‘Mars owns this herb. [tis hot and ary, :

“No. 13. —— = ag | 3C

184 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN, .

to open obftructions of the liver and fpleen. A decoction made with the flowers,
is effe€tual againft the jaundice, as alfo to provoke urine, and cleanfe the kidnies
from the gravel and ftone, ; Pe

Mtb FENUGREEX.

Names. IT is called in Latin foenum grecum, or otherwife greek-hay.

Descriprion. It groweth up with tender ftalks, round, blackifh, hollow, and
full of branches; the leaves are divided into three parts, like thofe of trefoil; the
flowers are pale or whitifh, not much unlike the bloffoms of lupines, but fmaller,
‘After thefe are fallen away, there follow long cods or hufks, crooked and fharp
pointed, wherein is contained the feed, which is of a yellowifh colour. The root is
full of {mall hanging hairs. . 3

Prace. It very feldom groweth in this kingdom, unlefs planted in the gardens
of botanitts,
Timez. It bloffoms in July, and the feed is ripe in Auguft, _
GoveRNMENT AND Virturs. Fenugreck-feed is hot in the fecond degree, and
dry in the firft, and under the influence of the planet Mercury. The feed which is
fold by druggifts and apothecaries is only ufed in medicine, The decoétion or
broth of the feed, drank with a little vinegar, expelleth and purgeth all fuperfluous
- humours which cleave to the bowels ; the fame deco@ion firft made with dates, and
afterwards made into a fyrup with honey, mundifieth and cleanfeth the breaft, cheft, ;
: and lungs, and may be taken with fuccefs for any grief attendant thereon, provided
the patient be not afflicted with a fever or head-ach, as this fyrup, being hurtful to

the head, would rather increafe than alleviate thofe diforders. Itis of a fofteningand —
_ diffolving nature, therefore the meal thereof being boiled in mede or honey-water, ~
: doth confume, foften, and diffolve hard fwellings and impofthumes; alfo a pafte
‘made thereof with faltpetre and vinegar, doth foften and wafte the hardnefs and fwel- —
upg OF the fpleen. It is good for women who are afflicted with an impofthume, —
oppage in the matrix, to bathe and fit in a decoétion thereof; alfo a fup-
of the juice of this plant and conveyed to the neck of the matrix, will 2
‘fotten all hardnefs thereof. The decoétion of fenugreek is an excellent os
rns ge as it cleanfeth the head of every kind of dirt, viz. fcurf, fcales,
sae > TS Or applied with honey, it cleanfeth the face and other parts of
pimples, puthes, w als, and other blemifhes ; it healeth the itch, and preventeth
es Cifagreeable fmell which oftentimes proceeds from perfpiration. The feed being —

prepared, after the manner ¢ ee . :

a“ OF supines, and eaten, will cradually and gently purg
ihe belly of coftive humourg, 5: ae : og wire

| ss FISTICK

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 185

Bods S20 (hit. KeasNs Uueh9g,

Names. THESE nuts are alfo called in fhops piftacia, pifacies, and Sifici.

DescripTion. The tree bearing thefe nuts, hath long great leaves, {pread abroad,.:
confifting of five, feven, or more leaves, growing one againtt another, upon a red-
difh rib or finew, whereof the laft, which is alone at the top of the leaf, is much the
largeft ; the fruit is much like the hazel-nuts, or kernels of the pine-apple.

Piace. This treeis a ftranger in this country, but is a native ‘Of Syria and other
- eaftern countries.

GovERNMENT AND Virtues. Fiftick-nuts are under the influerice of Jupiter.
They are of a mean or temperate heat, and fomewhat aftringent; they. are good to’
open ftoppages and obftruétions of the liver, and for ftrengthening the fame ; ;. they:
~ are alfo good for the ftomach, they open the pipes of the breaft and lungs, and’be.
ing eaten either alone or with fugar, are exceeding good for the phthyfi ic and fhort--
nefs of breath. Diofcorides faith, that fiftick nuts given.in wine, is an excellent. Te
medy for the biting of venomous beafts,

f Toe

Names. IT is called in Latin num, by which name it is well Known in fhops ; alfa»
dn, whence the cloth that is made thereof is called linen-cleth ; its iced 1 is Called lin--
feed, and the oil produced therefrom, linfeed-oil.

‘Description. Flax hatha tender ftalk, covered with fharp narrow leaves, pact
_ atthe top into fmall fhort branches, which bringeth forth fair blue flowers; thefe-

are fucceeded by round knobs or cig containing a- blackifh, bo fat, and:

thining feed. 3 oF Bit
Pracz, Iti is cultivated in 1 this country, and fown i in- fine age fertile erounds,,
‘efpecially fuch as lie low.
‘Trae. It flowereth in May and June, and ripens .foon after: |
Government and Virtues. It is under the dominion of Venus ; the feed of
this plane, being only ufed in medicine, is hot in the firft degree, and temperately’
‘moift and dry. The feed , or linfeed, being boiled in water and applied as a poultice”
_ or plaifter, affwageth all pains, fofteneth cold tumours or fwellings, the impofthumes -
of the neck and ears, and of other parts of the body. Linfeed pounded with figs, .

is good to ripen and bring to a head boils and other fwellings ; alfo to draw. forth: Z 3

~ thorns and {plinters, being mixed witl the root of wild cucumber. The feed mi gled
with honey and crefles, and laid upon rough, rugged, and ill-favoured nails; eit ier OF-

the hands or feet, cleanfeth and clarifieth thofe that are corrupt; or Jaid on se z Ԥ
- cleanfeth »

a

8 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

dlean(eth and taketh away all {pots and freckles thereof. The wine wherein inti .

hath been boiled, preferveth old fores and ulcers from corruption, being wathed

therewith, and from feftering and inward rankling ; the water wherein linfeed hath id
been boiled, doth quicken and clear the fight, by iat often dropped into the eyes,
| Ufed i in glyfters, it affwageth’ the griping pains of the belly, as well as of the matrix
or mother, and cureth all wounds of the fame. Whe feed mixed with honey, and
_ taken as an electuary, cleanfeth the breaft, and helpeth the cough ;- compounded: fa
/ with raifins, i it is good for fuch as are confumptive, or troubled with heétick fevers,

The feed of lin taken in too great a quantity, is injurious to the ftomach; it in-
genders wind, and hinders sasftina of meat. :

Me Mog. FIR.~TREE

N, amxs. THIS tree is called in Latin abies, by the Dutch, majftdoom, ecdainiel ;

its utility in making matts for fhips, and the liquid or clear rofin that iffueth from ei,
the bark of the young trees, is called patestce ne veneta, but'is cenoreliy » known ee. x

us by the name of venice turpentine, © - Ls

Description. The fir-tree is large, high, and long, and continues always green

‘it grows much higher than the pine or pitch-tree; the ftalk is very even and ftraight,

plain beneath and without joints, but upwards -it grows with joints and knobs;

upon thefe joints grow the branches, bearing leaves almoft like yew, but fmaller, —
4 fares and fharper at the ends, of a blueith green colour, the fruit is like the pine- —
“woe, hur fimaller and narrower, not hanging down, but growing ftraight upward. Be
= From out of the bark of the young. trees, is gathered a fair liquid rofin, clearand
Ahining, in tafte bitter, almoft like to citron pills, or lemon pills condited, There

alfo found upon this tree, a white rofin « or Lem, fomewhat like that which the ae

: and pitch-trees produge.acgr ok Gee Se tee a Bee

j kingdom, for the purpofes of building, 8c. eat
and aioli ad It i is om the: ee of, Mars." ‘The e

vende one andi is spe

oe as si
1, F Sy

: ir rofin is. hot. and dry in the fecond degree, of 8 .
Eeleanling nature 3s this liquid taken, to the quel ¥

anc all choleric- humours 5 it mua--
adde ry provoketh. urine, expelleth the fron ss

| re often be oad who are snalst fess with the ge fs

ts

ace. It grows upon the high mountains in Gane leas Soain. and Fra rance, Z ;
A many Places. of Germany and Norway ; from whence the palit thereof i is ie

Gerrard. Common

Cromevell

love bx lijten OS

fy
Ik
YF

bemandear Sinking

Clan eS

q
fi

toosbaty Rounklawd
Busch as Wevter Greer

———

"Atl or

any Cll Lire?

pr ng al Stock Gilligion Li Jf

ball ( lak. Leavis: Kase Hartichokes Harb. congue The Hat Ze

Liblthil asthe Att Dire.

AND COMPLETE HERBAL; 18y

the fame taken with nutmeg and fugar, about the quantity of a nut, helpeth the ftran-
guary, and is very good againft excoriations or going off of the fkin, or flux of the
privities. It is alfo an excellent remedy for green wounds, efpecially thofe of the
head, for it cleanfeth and healeth fpeedily.

GUC Gwe rc 8

IT is fo univerfally known, that I fhall decline troubling my readers with any
defcription of it.

- Government and Virtvzs, Mars owns this herb. It sopoketh urine and wo-
mens’ courfes, and helpeth the biting of mad-dogs and other venomous creatures ;
it killeth worms in children, cutteth and bringeth forth tough phlegm, purgeth the
head, helpeth the lethargy, and is a good prefervative again{t, and a remedy for, any
plague fore, or foul ulcer; it taketh away fpots and blemifhes of the fkin, eafeth

‘pains of the ears, and ripeneth and breaketh impofthumes and other {wellings, It
has been noticed that onions are equally effectual for the faid purpofes, but garlick
hath many peculiar virtues which the onion cannot boatt of ; for inftance, it hatha —

‘fpecial quality to remove all inconveniences proceeding from corrupt agues or mine-
ral vapours, or from drinking ftagnated or unclean water ; as alfo by taking of
wolf-bane, henbane, hemlock, or other poifonous herbs. It is alfo exceeding good
in hydropic difeafes, the jaundice, falling ficknefs, cramps, convulfions, the piles or

hemorrhoids, and other cold difeafes. However, having fhewed its many virtues,
it is alfo neceffary that its vices fthould not be concealed ; its heat is very vehement,

and every thing of that defcription naturally conveys ill vapours to the brain; in cho-
leric cafes it adds fuel to the fire; in men opprefied with melancholy, it extenuates
the humour, and confounds the idea with ftrange vifions and fancies, and therefore
ought to be taken with the ftricteft care by thofe whofe ill-difpofition of body
Will not admit of a liberal application. A few cummin feeds, ora green bean or
two being chewed after eating garlic, will entirely remove the difagreeable imell of

| the breath proceeding therefrom. —

STS GENTIAN.

- CAELED alfo felwert and baldmony.
-Atis acknowledged that the gentian ufed by us fome years ago, was inporeed é

_ from beyond the fea, but we have fince happily found that our own country is. by

_ Bo means deficient of thofe bleffings which can contribute to the health of man

There are two forts of gentian the growth of this kingdom, which ae bee oe ‘oved
N A . : “3 D 2 fe *

_. ftrengthening the ftomach

188 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

by the experience of the moft able phyficians, to be rather of fuperior excellence to
that of the foreign herb. 7

Description. The greater of the two hath many long and fmall roots, which
grow deep in the ground, and abide all the winter. The {talks grow feveral toge.
ther, of a brownifh green colour, which are fometimes two feet high, efpecially if the
foil is good, having many long, narrow, dark-green leaves, {fet by couples up
to the top; the flowers are long and hollow, of a brightifh purple colour; and end-
ing in five corners.

~The fimaller kind groweth up with feveral ftalks,not quite a foot high, parted into
many branches, whereon grow two or three {mall leaves together, not unlike thofe of
the leffer centaury, of a whitith green colour ; on the top of the ftalks grow divers
perfeét blue flowers, ftanding in long hufks, but not fo big as the other. The root
is very {mall and thready.

Pace. The former groweth in many places in the eaft and weft countries, as
at Longfield near Gravefend, alfo at Cobham, Lellingftone, and in the chalk-pits
_ adjacent to Dartford in Kent. -

The fecond kind groweth alfo in many places in Kent, as about Southfleet and
Longfield, and upon the barren hills in Bedfordfhire, It is likewife found not far
from St. Alban’s, upon a piece of waite ground on the road from Duntftable to-
wards Gorhambury. —

Time. They bloom in Auguft, and fhed their feed foon after, =
_ Government anp Virtuzs, They are under the dominion of Mats. They re:
fit putrefaction, poifon, and peftilence ; nor is there a more excellent herb for
ftren; , and helping digeftion ; it preferves the heart, and pre-_
= Vents fainting and {wooning. The powder of the dried roots helps the bitings of
venomous beafts, opens the obftructions of the liver, and reftoreth loft appetite.
« Ss eeped in wine and drank, refrefheth fuch as are weary with travelling ; it helps —
and griping pains in the fides, and is an excellent remedy for fuch as are
by falls 3 it provokes urine and the terms exceedingly, confequently fhould
by pregnant women. The decoétion is very Profitable for thofe who are ~
th cramps and convulfions ; alfo it breaks the ftone, and is a great help

ie. ur S- It is good for cold difeat all
fcabs, itch, and fretti awn expel tough phlegm, and cure

Sitesulas daa m0 fores and ulcers. It is an admirable remiedy to deftroy the

IRR ‘taking half a drachm of the powder in. the morning in any
en oe Lis equally good for the king’s evil. To help agues of all
Orts, the: yellow janes €; and the bots in cattle, there is no herb fuperior to this.

Se FS t by any venomous bealt, if the affected partsare —
FeOr, it will prove a certain cure,
. a loch tags in cure. CLOVE

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 189

CLOVE GILLIFLOWERS

TO defcribe this herb, it being fo well known, would be altogether fruitle(s.
“GOVERNMENT AND Virtues. They are fine temperate flowers, of the nature
and under the dominion of Jupiter; even fo temperate, that no excefs, neither in heat,
cold, drynefs, nor moifture can be perceived in them. They are great ftrengtheners
of the brain and heart, and will therefore make an excellent cordial for family pur-
pofes. Hither the conferve or fyrup of thefe flowers taken at intervals, is good to
help fuch whofe conftitution is inclinable to. be SEEDER: It is food to expel:
poifon and help hot peftilent fevers. :
| GERM AN D‘E R;

Description. COMMON germander fhooteth forth many ftalks, with fall!
and fomewhat round leaves, dented on the edges; the flowers ftand at the tops, of a
deep purple colour, The root is compofed of many fprigs, which fhoot forth.a great.
way round about, foon overfpreading the adjacent eroepd,

Prac. It groweth ufually in gardens.

Time. It flowereth in June and July, and the feed is ripe in’ Se hame

Government and Virtues. It is a herb under the dominion of Mercury. It:
ftrengthens the brain and apprehenfion exceedingly, and relieves them when droop-
ing; taken with honey, it is a remedy for coughs, hardnefs of the fpleen, and diffi-.
culty of urine; or made into a decoction and drank, it helpeth thofe who are trou-.
bled with the dropfy, efpecially. if taken at the beginning of the diforder. It alfo
bringeth down womens’ courfes, and expelleth the dead child; being drank in wine
and the bruifed herb outwardly applied, it is a certain cure for the poifon of fer-

_ pents; ufed with honey, it cleanfeth old and foul ulcers, and made into an oil,. and.’
the eyes anointed therewith, taketh away the moifture and dimnefs of them, and is.

good for the pains of the fides and cramps. The decoétion thereof taken for fome
_ days together, driveth away. and cureth both the tertian and quartan agues; it is
alfo good againft all difeafes of the brain, as continual head-ach, falling ficknefs,,
melancholy, drowfinefs and dulnefs of the fpirits, convulfions and palfy.. A drachm
of the feed taken in powder, purgeth by urine, and is good againft the yellow jaun--

dice; the juice of the leaves dropped. into the ears, killeth the worms in them, and

_ the tops. thereof when they are in bloom, fteeped twenty-four hours in a. draught ~ :

white wine and drank, killeth and eames worms in the belly.

STINKING GLADWIN.

Description. THIS is a fpecies of the. fower-de-luce, having feversl awe . |
as from the root, id — refembling thofe of the Bowegaei: but that-
they:

90 . CULPEPER*’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

they are fharper edged and thicker in the middle, of a deeper green colour, narrower
and fharper pointed, and of a ftrong difagreeable fmell if they are preffedsbetween
the fingers; in the middle rifeth up a reafonable fized ftalk, about a yard high, bear.
itig three or four flowers at the top, made fomewhat like thofe of the flower-de-luce,
with three upright leaves, of a dead purpleifh afh-colour, with veins in them of a
different colour, the other three leaves do not fall down, neither are the three {mall -
ones fo finely arched, nor do they cover thofe at the lower part ; in thefe particulars.
it differs fomewhat from that aforefaid. Thefe are fucceeded by three-{quare hard
hufks, opening wide into three parts when they are ripe, wherein lie reddifh feed,
which in time turneth black. The root is like that of the flower-de-luce, but red-
difh on the outfide and whitifh within, of a very fharp and hot tafte, and of an ex-
ceeding difagreeable {mell. ,

‘Piacs. This groweth as well on the upland grounds as in woods and moift
fhadowy places, as alfo by the fea-fide, in many parts of this = and is often ~
cultivated in gardens.

Time. It bloffoms in July, and the feed is ripe in Auguft and September; yet —
the hufks when they are ripe, will open themfelves, and contain their feed two or three
months before they thed it. .

‘Government and Viatuss. It is fuppofed to be under the dominion of. Saturn.
A decoétion. of the roots, purgeth corrupt phlegm and choler, but when wanted to

operate more gently, a few flices of the roots infufed in ale, will anfwer the purpofe,

though thofe whofe ftomachs will not admit of this, make ufe of the leaves only:
The j juice hereof fnuffed up the noftrils, caufeth fneezing, and thereby draweth from .
the head much corruption; or the powder thereof ufed the fame way, produceth the
like effect. The powder drank in wine, helpeth thofe who are troubled with cramps

as and, convulfions, or with the gout or fciatica, and eafeth the gripings of the bellys

=o. it helpeth the ftranguary, and cleanfeth, purgeth, and ftayeth the fharp and evil hu-
~ Mours which caufeth long fluxes. The root boiled in wine and drank, doth effectu-
womens? courfes, and ufed as a peflary, worketh the fame effect, but —
in women with child. Half adrachm of the feed beaten to powder
ne, doth fpeedily caufe an evacuation of urine; or taken with vine- —
he hardnefs and fwellings of the fpleen. The root is very effectual

n all wounds, and particularly thofe of the head ; as alfo to draw forth fplinters,
thorns, broken be any other thing fticking in the flefh, by being ufed with a
little verdigreafe and honey, together with the great centaury root. The fame boiled
in vinegar, diffolveth anc confumeth tumours and fwellings; the j juice of the leaves
and roots healeth the itch, and cleanfeh the kin from all blemifhes.

GOLDEN

AND COMPLETE HERBAL... ° 194

7 bd cb ta Rok

Deserrrtion. 1T groweth up with brownifh, finall,:round ftalks, two feet high,
and fometimies more ; having thereon many narrow and long dark green leaves, ge-
nefally plain-on the edges, and are fometimes, though very rarely, found with white
ftrakes or fpots thereon ; the ftalks are divided towards the top into many {mall
branches; bearing thereon {mall yellow flowers, all which are turned one way; thefe
being ripe, are fucceeded by a kind of down, which i is carried away by the. wind.
‘The root confifts of many fmall fibres, which grow but a little beneath the furface of -
the ground ; it liveth for fome years, fhooting forth new branches yearly, which

perifh at the approach of winter.
_ Prace, It grows in the.open places of woods and coppices, both in moift and dry
grounds, in many parts of this kingdom.

Time. It flowereth about the month of July.

- Government ano Virtu gs. Venus claims dominion over this herb. | It is
fpoken of by Arnoldus de Villa N ova as amoft excellent remedy for the ftone in the
reins and kidnies, as alfo to expel the gravel by urine. ' The deco¢tion of the herb,

either green or dry, or the diftilled water thereof, is very effectual, for inward bruifes,
likewife for ftaying the floodings of the body, as fluxes of humours, bloody fluxes,
and. the immoderate ménfes of women; and is moft available in all ruptures or burft-
ings, being internally or externally applied. It is a fovereign wound-herb, whereby
~ green wounds and.old ulcers are fpeedily cured ; 5 it is of particular efficacy in‘ all
lotions for fores or ulcers in the mouth, throat, or privities of either fex. A decoc
tion is ferviceable to faften the teeth when loofe.

Ae Je. eens WE RBH

THIS herb is alfo frequently called herb gerrard.-
- Description. It is very low, feldom rifing more thigh half a yard high ; it con-

&

fifts of feveral leaves which ftand, on 1 brownifh green ftalks, penerally three together, . ae.

-faipped on the edges, and of a ftrong unpleafant fmeli. The umbels of flowers are
white, and the feed blackith ; ‘the root ie rules ae? into the earth, and _— Specs 2
icelf Over a great deal of ground. | mS
~ Pracz,’ It groweth by hedge and wall-fies, saa often in the borders ame corners ete
“of fields, and fometimes in gardens. pi ae
- Time, It fowereth i in July, feeding about the latter end of the fame month.
Government AND Virtues. Saturn is the ruler of this plant. vis

| it took the 1 name of Boueherl from its peculiar virtues in a the cold gc ae
No.1, 14. | 3 Ee ee CR,

192 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

fciatica, as it hath been found by experience to be a moft admirable edy forthefe
diforders ; as alfo joint-achs, and other cold diforders. ‘It iseven a ied, that the
very carrying of it about in the pocket will defend the beares from any attack of
the aforefaid complaint.

G K.@ M..B oly :

OF this I fh@il briefly defcribe three kinds, which are chiefly ufed medicinally ;
the virtues of each are the fame, but different in the manner of their growth.

Description. The greater gromel rifeth up with flender, hard, and hairy ftalks,
trailing and taking root as it lyeth on the ground; it fpreads itfelf by feveral {mall
branches, whereon groweth hairy dark green leaves. At the joints with the leaves
grow many fmall blue flowers, which are fucceeded by hard, ftoney, roundifh feed.

The root is round and woody, and liveth during the winter, fhooting forth frefh
herbage every fpring.

The {mall wild gromel groweth up with feveral {traight, hard, branched ftalks, two
or three feet high, full of joints, bearing at each, fmall, long, hard, and rough leaves,
very much like the former, but lefs. Among thefe leaves grow fmall white bloffoms,
which are followed by greyith round feed like the firft, The root is not very larges -
but exceeding thready.

The garden gromel hath many sesiiine eras woody, hairy ftalks, brown and
crefted, with but few branches, bearing leaves like the former ; the flowers.are
white, after which cometh rough brown hufks, containing white, hard, round feed,
thining like pearls, and greater than either of the former. The rootis like that of ‘

the firft, with many branches and ftrings thereat, and of long duration.

Prace. The two firft grow wild in barren and untilled places. . ,.The laft is 4
macs i in the gardens of the curious. . we * * bate

: _ Tis, They all flower from Midfummer till September, and a feed ripeneth |

ee and Virturs. The dominion over thefe herbs is wholly claimed
; oH bladder ; as alfo to provoke urine, and help the ftranguarys
aes oe al for the above purpofes, being bruifed and boiled in white
| Two drschans of dares liquor; the powder of the feed is equally efficacious.
Gelive eet powder taken with breaft milk, will procure a fpeedy

ivery to women. isha ted with hard travail, and cannot be delivered. The herb
ti (when the feed is ‘not to be had) either boil ed, ar. the juice thereof drank ® a
Shek ahs ae Purpofes, thong. nny fo powerful i in its operation.

_GOOSE-

7 are of fingular force in breaking the {tone and expelling gravel, —

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 193

GOOSEBERRY+BUSH

CALLED alfo feap-berry, and in Suflex ee bufh, and likewife i in thany
places wineberry. :

- GovernmeENT and Virtues. They are under the domindis oftVenus. The
berries whilft they are unripe, being {calded or baked, - are good to ‘procure the re-
turn of a loft appetite, efpecially if the caufe proceeds from a ftomach afflicted with
choleric humours, They are exceeding good to {tay the longing of pregnant wo- -
men. The decottion of the leaves of the tree, cools hot {wellings and inflamnia- ,
tions, as alfo the St, Anthony’s fire. The ripe goofeberries being eaten, are an ex-
cellent remedy to allay the violent heat of the ftomach and liver : ; and the young
and tender leaves break the ftone and expel ‘the gravel both from the bladder and ~
kidnies. If they are taken immoderately, they are {uppofed to breed prude hu-
mours, and thefe ingender worms.

pe: WINTERGREEN

Descr IPTION, IT thoots forth feven, eight, or niné leaves from 4 final brownith,
creeping root, each ftanding upon a long footitalk; they are nearly as broad as they
are long, round pointed, of a fad green colour, hard in handling, and fomewhat like
the leaf of a pear-tree. From among thefe rifeth upa flender weak ftalk, ftanding
upright, bearing at the top many fmall, white, and fweet-fmelling flowers, Jaid open
like a ftar, confifting of five round-pointed leaves; with many yellow threads ftand-
ing in the middle, furrounding a green head, having a longifh tube witlrthem which
- intime proveth to be the feed-veffel ; when ripe, it is of | a pein ge fhape, _ a
imall point, containing feed as {mall as duft, :

Prace. It groweth but feldom in fields, but ‘euinintaiyt in woods i in | the saaladite
counties:in this kingdom, as Yorkthire, Lancafhire, &e. °°

Time. It flowereth in June and July, fhedding its feed foon after.

Government anp Virtuss.: Winter-green is undéf the dominion of Saturn,
and is anexcellent wound herb for the fpeedy healing'of green wounds, the leaves |
_ being bruifed and applied, or the juice of them is equally effeétual. A falve mad¢of
the bruifed herb, or the juice boiled in hog’s lard, or with fallag-vib, wax, adding
a little turpentine thereto; is ‘a févereign medicine, afd in high efimation among |
the Germans, who ufe it to heal all manner of wounds, ulcers, and fores. The herb

, boiled i in wine. and water, and ‘drank by thofe who are troubled with ulcers in their : pee

kidnies, or neck of the bladder, wonderfully helpeth them, It ftayeth all

whether of blood or humours, as the Iafk, bloody flux, immoderate ete; a

194 CULPEPER’ S ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Bleeding of wounds, and taketh away fuch Saaianiations as rife from the pains of
the heart. It is no lefs available for foul ulcers that are hard-to be cured, as alfo for
cankers and fiftulas. The diftilled water of the herb will perform the fame vir-
tues, though not fo fpeedily. ee 3
ee
: Description. OUR common groundfell hath a round green and fomewhat
* brownihh ftalk, {preading towards the top feveral branches, fet with long and fome-
what narrow green leaves, cut in on the edges, not much unlike the oak leaves, but
Jefs, and round at the ends ; at the tops of the branches ftand many fimall green
.. heads, out of which groweth yellow threads or thumbs, which are the flowers ; thefe
continue many days thus blown before it is turned into down, which with the feed
¢ is carried away with the wind, Its root is fmall and ska e foon perifhing, ae as
-foon rifing again from its own fewing. .
Prace. It grows almoft every where, as well on the tops of walls as among all
kinds of rubbifh and rude grounds, but efpecially in gardens. :
~ Fine. Tt may be fen in bloom at almoft any time of the year, and if peated
to occupy good ground, each plant willfpring and feed at leaft twice ina year.
Government and Virtues... This herb is influenced by Venus. It is a uni
yerfal medicine for all difeafes proceeding from heat; in whatever part of the body
they may chanceto happen ; it is a fafe and gentle purge for a foul ftomach, operat-
ing each way, . It is of a moift and cold nature, confequently caufeth expulfion, and _
_— repreffeth the heat caufed by the motion of the internal parts, through the effects of
_ an emetic or other medicine. This herb preferved either as afyrup, an ointment,
a diftilled water, are medicines unrivalled!in their efficacy for the cure of all hot —
oe — ifeafes, both for its fafety and fpeed.. The decoction'of this herb, as Diofcorides
a obferves, made with wine, helpeth the pains of the ftomach proceeding from choler; —
a ice taken in drink, or the decoction. in ale, gently performeth the fame.”
sainft the falling ficknels, and jaundice ; and a drachm given'in oximel,
ttle exercife, provoketh urine, and expelleth the gravel from the reins
etelerh the {ciatica, alanis and pains of the _ : ane

GALANGALL-

5, hard, “and” narrow leaves ; ; the ftalk i is criangled,
“a the oe Ue feveral fimall leaves, from ‘

tnt i again pains cdead fwellings 3 and, as iz ;

afirm, with great fuccels,

among

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 195

among which grow fpiky tops and white feed ; the root is long, confifts of many
theads, which are much tangled one within the other.

Piace. It groweth in low and moift grounds; it is feldom feen in this kingdom,
unlefs fuch as is planted in gardens.

Time. This herb bringeth forth its fpiky tops and feed, together with its leaves,
in June and July.

GOVERNMENT AND Virtues. Itisa plant of Mars, and the root is hot and dry
in the third degree. The roots boiled and the decoétion drank, provoketh urine,
bringeth down the menfes, expelleth the ftone, and is good for thofe who are trou-
bled with the dropfy ; the fame is alfo good for the cough, the ftingings of fcorpions,
and bitings of venomous beafts. By bathing the belly with this decoction, it fupples
the hardnefs of the mother, and remedieth the ftoppings and coldnefs..thereof. .
The powder of the root drieth up and healeth old running fores of the mouth and
privities, being wet with wine, and laid thereon ; -and is an excellent ingredient for

hot ointments and maturative plaifters. Pliny fays, that the feed of galangal drank
_ with water, ftoppeth the flux of the belly, and the immoderate floodings of the men-
-ftrua; but the greateft care muft be taken in ufing it, as too great a quantity will

caule a violent head-ach.

GMs ocx GILLIFLOWERS.

- Kinps and Namrs. THERE are found two kinds of thefe flowers; the one is

called the caftle or ftock gilliflower, which may be kept both winter and fummer.

The other is not fo large, and is called the {mall ftock gilliflower, which mutt be an-

nually fown 5 they are called Jeucoton and viole albe, or white violets, becaufe the

leaves are white ; the leaves of the flowers are of various colours, and called 7 fome
“Writers viole matron ales, or dame’s violets.

Description. Thefe two plants are not much unlike the wall flowers, but that
their leaves are whiter and fofter ; however, I fhall treat of them refpectively.

The great caftle or ftock gilliflower beareth hard -and ftraight leaves, about two
feet long, by far longer and larger than the leaves of wall flowers. The bloffoms
are of a fragrant or pleafant fmell, much like thofe of heart’s eafe, though much
larger ; fometimes of a white, fometimes of an ath-colour, fome of a carnation, and
others of a fcarlet and purple colour. - ‘Thefe are followed by long hufks, containing
flat and large feeds.

‘The fmall ftock gilliflower has_ ftalks. banewhat like the former, with whitith, moe
woolly, foft leaves ; 5 the flowers are of a fine fragrant finell, and of various colours,

No. 14. — aga F |

96 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

followed by feeded cods, and in every refpect fike the firft, except being fomewhat
fmaller, It is about a foot high, and perifheth yearly. AL ae

Prace. They are fown and planted in moft of our Englith fower-gardens, but
are feldom found growing wild.

Time. The great caftle gilliflower bloffoms in ) March and April, “the fecond:
year after it is fown ; but the fmaller. kind flowereth i in July and Auguft, the fame
year in which it is firft fown,

Government and Virtugs. They are of temperature hot and dry, of a fimilar
nature with the yellow wall or gillifowers, and are plants of Mercury. The flowers.
of the ftock gilliflower boiled in water and drank, is good to remove all difficulty
of breathing, and helps the cough; they alfo provoke the courfes and urine,.and by.
bathing or fitting over the decoétion, it caufeth perfpiration.

WALE, o YELLOW GILLIFLOWER.

Names. THIS flower is fuppofed to be of the violet fpecies. Icis a fmall bufh
_ or fhrub, called in Latin leucocia /utea, and by the apothecaries deyri, in Englifh yel-
low and wall gilliflowers.

Description. The yellow wall gilliflower is: green both winter and fummer;
the ftalks ¢hereof are hard-and of a woody fubftance, and full of branches ; ; the
leaves are thick fet thereon, long, narrow, and green; on the tops of ‘the ftalks
grow the flowers, which. are of a very fair yellow colour, of a ftrong but pleafant
fmell, and every-flower is divided into four fmall leaves: ; after thefe are patt, there
come cods or hufks, which contain large, flat, and yellow feed.
a5 Pracr. It grows in great quantities on the ruined walls of ftone buildings, and
_ isvery-often-planted in gardens, though the garden kinds are generally double

— flowered, which gives them a peculiar beauty the other. cannot boatt of.

| “i & ‘Time. Tt generally flowers in March, April, and‘May.

SOVERNMENT and Virtugs, They are hot and dry plants of the Sun, whole
ethey: are under, being of fubtil parts. Being dryed and boiled in water,
urine, and bringeth down the terms, it helpeth the /chirrus, or bard im-
am, by meine ene perch a plaifter made oes the blof-

5: = . en nin wine is a ee fpecific for Senide ‘sect the iment

tac ens eter made of the fame, and conveyed into the ms-

urpole. The juice dropped into the eyes, cleanfeth them

from {pots and dimnefs,. and the root ee with vinegar, and applied to the fpleen,
helpeth the hardnefs thereof,

GALL-

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 197

Hp p55. eh leg

Description. THE {trong gall-oak, fo named from the fruit it bears, doth
not grow fo large nor high as other oaks, but fhorter and very: crooked, with fair
{preading branches ; on thefe grow long leaves, very much cut in on the edges,
and hoary underneath ; this tree flowereth and beareth acorns, as alfo a round
woody fubttance, which is called a gall, and the timber is of avery hard fubftance,
There are feveral kinds:of gall-oaks, fome of them are much fhorter than others,.
bearing leaves,more or lefs cut or. jagged on the edges, and producing a greater.
quantity of galls, and no acorns at all ; fome bear large galls, others {mall, forhe-
knobbed or bunched, and others fmooth ; each are of different colours, fome white,

| others red, yellow, ‘and green.
Puace. Thefe oaks grow frequently in Italy, Spain, and other hot countries...
Time. *They thoot forth their long catkins or bloffoms early in the {pring, which:
fall away for the moft part before the leaves appear, ‘The acorns are very feldom.
ripe before October. ;
GOVERNMENT AND Virtues, I fhall here explain the ufe, virtues, and temper:
_ament of the galls of thefe foreign trees only, as their acorns differ but little from
thofe produced by our Englith oaks, yas
The fmall gall, called omphacitis, is dry in the third degree, and cold in the fe-.
cond; Saturnine, and of a four harfhinature. Je is effe@ual in drawing together
and fattening loofe and faint parts, as the overgrowing of the fleth 3; it expelleth
and drieth up rheums and other fluxes, efpecially thofe that fall upon the gums,,
almonds of the throat, and other places of the mouth.
The other whiter gall doth alfo bind and dry, but not fo much as the former,, —
having a lefs quantity of that four harfhnefs init ; it is good againft the dyfentery or
bloody flux. The decoétion of them in water is of a mean aftrition, but more
powerful in harfh red wine ; being fat over, it remedieth the falling of the mother,
or the galls being boiled and bruifed, and applied to the fundament when fallen, or
toany fwelling or inflammation, will prove a certain cure, The coals of burned galls
being quenched in wine or vinegar, is good to ftanch bleeding in any place. They
will dye the hair black, and are one of the chief ingredients for making ink; they
are likewife ufed by dyers for making'black dye. ; a 5
= Ane oak-apple is much of the nature of galls, though inferior in quality, but
___ ‘May be fubftituted for them with fuccefs to help rheums, fluxes, and other fuch-
_ like painful diftempers, | pee

8 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

i eee B.A. SE.

IT is called in Suffex panfies, and is fo well-known by otc every perfon, that
¥ fhail decline troubling my readers with a: defcription of it.
‘Pace. Befides thofe which are cultivated 1 in gardens, they grow wild in barren
and unfertile grounds.
Time. They flower and feed all the time of fpring and fummer.

‘ Government and Virturs, This is a Saturnine plant, of a cold, flimy, and
vifcous nature. A ftrong decoétion of the herb and flowers is an excellent cure for
the venereal diforder, being an approved anti-venerean ; itis alfo good for the con.
vulfions in children, falling ficknefs, inflammations of the lungs and breaft, pleu-
rify, fcabs, itch, &c. It will make-an excellent fyrup for the aforefaid purpoles.

eM HE AST Peo er

THE Latins call them cineria, and they are alfo termed artichocus.

GovernMeENT and Virtues. They are under the dominion of Venus. They are
great provokatives to Inft, yet ftayeth the involuntary.courfe of natural feed in man;

the decoction of the root boiled in wine, or the root bruifed gnd diftilled in wine,
and drank, purgeth by urine exceedingly.

HUY anne €GN Gu &.

Description. It.confifts.of feveral leaves rifing from the root, every one fepa-
rately, folding themfelves in their firft fpringing and fpreading, when at their
full growth they are about a foot long, fmooth and green, but hard and fappy in
the middle, ftraked on the back athwart on both fides of the middle rib, with fmall
in nd fomewhat long brownifh marks; the bottoms of the leaves are a little bowed
on ach fide of the middle rib, and fomewhat fmall at the end. The root is com-
aS 0 many black threads, which are much entangled together.
It is green all the winter, having new leaves every year.
ans AND VIRTUES, Jupiter, claims dominion o over this herb. Iti isa

ee |

7 ae for the paffions of the heart, a gargled in the
mouth will ftay the hiccough, help the falling of the palate, and ftop the bleeding
& the gums. It isa good =e. for the biting of ferpents.

HAZEL-

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 199

Va heoer ire oe

THEY are fo well known to every boy, that they require no defcription.

GovERNMENT AND Virtues. They are under the dominion of Mercury: The
parched kernels made into an electuary, or the milk drawn from the kernels with
mead or honeyed water, is very good to help an old cough; and being parched,
and alittle pepper added thereto, and taken in drink, digefteth the diftillations of
rheum from the head. The dried hufks and fhells, to the quantity of about two
drachms, taken in red wine, ftayeth the lafks, and womens’ courfes, but the red
{kin which covers the kernel is much more effectual for the latter purpofe.

LUE » swe We EDS

Description. IT hath many large leaves lying on the ground, having many
deep gafhes on the edges, fomewhat like thofe of the fow-thiftle; from among
thefe rifeth upa hollow rough ftalk, two or three feet high, branched from the mid-
dle upwards. On thefe are fet at every joint, feveral leaves cut but very little on.
the edges, bearing at the top many pale yellow flowers, confifting of {mall narrow
_ Teaves, broad pointed,.and nicked in on the edges, fet ina double row, and fome-
times more, the outfide leaves being the largeft. Thefe flowers are turned into °
down, bearing fmall brownith feed, which is blown away with the wind. The root
is long and rather large, with many foal fibres thereat. The whole plant is full
_ of bitter milk.

Peace. It groweth in many places, tpeciay in fields and pores of pathways,
in dry grounds,

Time. It bloffoms and difperfeth its down in the fummer months.

GoveRNMENT AND Virturs. Saturn claims dominion over this herb. Diofco-
rides fays, it is cooling, fomewhat dry and binding, arid therefore good for the heat
and Snawings of the ftomach, for inflammations, and hot ague fits. The juice
thereof taken in wine, helpeth digeftion, expelleth wind, preventeth crudities from
clogging the ftomach, and caufeth an eafy evacuation of urine; being outwardly.
applied, it is a fovereign cure for the ftinging and biting of venomous beafts, and
is good for all poifons. A fcruple of the dried juice taken in wine and vinegar,
1s profitable for the dropfy ; the decoction of the herb taken with honey, digefteth
~ thin phlegm i in the cheft and lungs, and mixed with hyffop, it helpeth the cough, —
The decodtion hereof mixed with that of wild fuccory mace with wine, and taken,

: helpeth the wind cholic and hardnefs. of the fpleen, procureth reft and fleep, pre- pee

venteth venery, cooleth heats, purgeth the ftomach, encreafeth blood, and hel pet
No, Td. 3G | i,

2c0 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

all difeafes of the reins and bladder. Applied externally, it is 2 fingular Me for
all defects and difeafes of the eyes, being ufed with breaft milk’; “and is'of equal fuce
; ‘cefs when adminiftered to fretting and creeping ulcers, if taken in time. The
green herb bruifed and mixed with a little falt, 1s effectual in helping burns, if itis
ufed before the blifters rife; alfo inflammations, St. Anthony’s fire, and all puthes
and eruptions, heat and falt phlegm. The fame applied with meal and fair water
in the manner of a poultice, ‘to any place affected with convulfions and the cramp,
or diflocated members, giveth great help and eafe. The diftilled water cleanfeth

. the fkin from all blemifhes*,

MG wswruor me

I Do not mean to trouble my readers with the defcription sf: a‘tiee {o- emia
known to almoft every inhabitant of this kingdom.

It is generally a hedge buth, but by being carefully pruned ‘a dreffed, it will |
‘grow to a reafonable height. As for the hawthorn-tree of Glaftonbury, which 1s
faid to flower yearly on Chrifteias day, ‘it rather fhews the {uperftition of thofe who
entertain this opinion, ‘than excite wonder on any other account, fince the fame
may be found in many other places of this kingdom; as at,a place called White-
green, near Namptwich-i in Chefhire; and ‘alfo in Romney-marfh, Thefe, if the
winter happens to be mild, will be in full bloom about Chriftmas. 3

Government and Virtues: Tt ‘is a tree of Mars. The berries, or eo feed io
= berries, beaten to powder and drank i in wine, is a fingular remedy forthe: ftone,
and no lefs effeCtual for the dropfy. The diftilled water of the flowers ftayeth the
Jaf; and the feeds cleeted from the down, then bruifed and boiled in wine, wil
_ give inftant relief to the tormenting pains of the body. “If cloths and {punges ate
wet in the diftilled water, and applied to any place signees thorns, { pasion e:
are ay it will certainly draw them forth, iu

HEMLOCK, ee pee

he IPTION. THE common great hemlock groweth up with a greet fealk,
: four or! feet high, and fometimes higher, full of red fpots ; at the joints are fet
very large vinged leaves, which are. divide into many other winged leaves, fee me

* The ute ofthis her is xt but it is very eminent ; it cools, foftens, and heals. 1
faw this year an arm Covered with fiery puftules on the one half, and the other with terrible Fe-
mains of fcratching, cured by it in four days; the leaves were: hie to a Atsxane! with breads
milk, and a litde oil, ~ een :

“AND COMPLETE HERBAL, oor

againft another, dented-on the edges, and ofa fad green colour. The ftalks are
branched towards the top, each bearing umbels of white flowers, which are fol-
lowed by whitith flat feed. The root is long, white, hollow, and fometimes crooked,
ofa very ftrong, heady, and difagreeable imell.
.Pracs. Its growth is not confined to any particular fpot in this kingdom, but
may be found by moft old walls, hedge-fides, and uncultivated grounds,
Time. It generally flowereth and feedeth in July. he

GovERNMENT AND Virtues. Saturn governs this plant It ‘is exceeding cold,
and of a very dangerous quality, confequently muft not be applied internally. C
is of good effect for inflammations, tumours, and fwellings of any part of the body,
the privities excepted; alfo St. Anthony’s fire, wheals, puthes, and creeping ulcers,
proceeding from hot fharp humours, by cooling and repelling the heat. The
Jeaves bruifed and laid to the brow or forehead, is good for thofe whofe eyes are
red and fwelled,. and for cleanfing them of web or film growing thereon.’ If the |
foot is roalted i in embers, afterwards wrapped in double wet papers, and then ap.
plied to any part affli€ted with the gout, it will fpeedily remove the pain thereof.
Should any perfon unfortunately through miftake, ‘eat the herbage of this plant in-
— ftead of parfley, or the root inftead of a parfnip, (both bearing a great refemblance
toeach other) it will certainly caufe a phrenzy or ftupifaction of the fenfes; I will
fecommend to the patient the ftrongeft and beft wine they can procure, and to,
drink it immediately, before the ill effects of the herb ftrike to the heart. If wine
cannot be inftantly had, Pliny advifeth to take a good draught of ftrong vinegar,
which he affirms to bea atest remedy. |

IT is fo common a plant, and fo well known by almoft every refident of this sing.
dom, that a defcription of it would be altogether fuperfluous. —_,

_ Timez. It is fown about the latter end of March or begining, of April, and is
ripe in Auguft and September. 3

Government and Virtuss, Itis under the dominion of Saturn. The feed con+
fameth wind, but if ufed too liberally it drieth up the natural feed. for procreation,
; though being boiled in milk and takén a little at a time, ‘itis a good remedy fora,
dry cough. An emulfion made of the feed, is given with good fucce{s. for the’
: jaundice, efpecially i in the beginning of the difeafe, if there be no ague accompany ing

it, for it openeth obftructions of the gall, and caufeth digeftion of choler ; it ae Bes oe

eth Jatks and Cgatinual fluxes, eafeth the cholic, allayeth the troublefome humours:

al the abiaie and —— beading at the mouth, note, or any other —_ it ee

e ee ba s “ =

a

> eek. 2

202 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

deflroy the worms either in man or beaft, and by dropping the juice into the ears;
it will kill the worms and bring forth earwigs or other infects gotten therein. The-
decoction of the root allayeth inflammations, eafeth the pains of the gout, the hard
tumours or knots in the joints, the pains and fhrinkings of the finews, and the
pains of the hips.. The fi eth j juice mixed with a little oil and butter, is an exceed
ing good cure for burns.

(gZJ HENBANE

Description. THE common henbane ‘hath very large, thick, foft, woolly
leaves, lying upon the ground, much cut or torn on the edges, of adark, ill, grey-
ifh green colour; from among thefe rife up feveral thick and fhort ftalks, two or
three feet high, fpread into many fmaller branches with lefs leaves thereon, bearing
{mall yellow flowers, which fcarce appear above the hufks ; they are ufually torn
on the one fide, ending in five round points growing one above another, of a dead
yellowith colour, fomewhat paler toward the edges, with many purpleifh veins, and
of a dark yellowith purple colour at the bottom of the flower, witha {mall pointle
of the fame colour in the middle, each of them ftands in a hard clofe hufk, fome-_
what like thofe of afarabaca, and rather fharp at the top points, containing much
fmall feed, very like poppy-feed but of a dufky greyifh colour. The root is larges
white, and thick, branching forth many ways under ground, not much unlike a
parfnip, except in colour, and is, together with the plant, of a very ftrong, co

ble, and offenfive {mell.

Prace. It generally groweth near pathways, and under os fides of hedges
and old walls.

Time. It bloffoms in July, and fritincseel annually from i its own fowing; though
“many believe it to flower much earlier.

_ GoveRNMENT and Virtus. It is aSaturnine plant. The leaves are good for
dling hot inflammations in the eyes, or other parts of the body ; and being boiled

n wine and ufed as a foment, it will affwage all manner of {wellings, either in the
otum, womens’ breafis, or other parts of the body; alfo the gout, fciatica, and
pains "the joints, if proceeding from a hot caufe. Being applied with vinegar
forehead an temples, helpeth the head ach, and caufeth thofe to fleep who are

‘by hot violent fevers. The oil of the feed is good for the deafnel$,
noife, and worms the ears, The j juice of the herb or feed, or the oil drawn from

the feed, will anfwer all the aforefaid purpofes,
TmeeG &.. HY $8 0.P of —
Desa PvtOne THERE are feveral forts of this plant, the firft of which is 2
native of Italy, and only reared here by the curious, Two or three kinds however
grow

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 203

grow wild in ‘England, two of whicht fhall here mention ; viz, The fick j isa low
fmooth plant, not quite a foot high, of a very bitter tafte, compoied of many
fquare ftalks, diverfly branched from the bottom to the top; it has many joints,

fhooting forth at each two fimall leaves, thefe are rather. broader at the bottom than
at the top, a little dented on the edges, of a fad green colour, and full of veins.

The flowers ftand alfo at the joints, being of a fair purple colour with white {pots,
and made very much like thofe of dead-nettle ; the feed is fmall and_yellew, and
the roots fpread much under ground.

The fecond feldom grows more than half a foot high, : Ahéoting forth feve-
ral fmall branches, whereon grow many fimall leaves fet one againft the other,
fomewhat broad, but very fhort; the flowers are not much unlike the former in
fhape, but of a pale reddifh colour; the feed is {mall and yellowifh, and the root
fpreadeth like that of the firft. |

Prace. They grow in wet low ee and by idee, and the latter fort
may be found amongft the bogs on Hampftead Heath. ~

Time. They generally flower in June, Julyy: and Augutt, and oR fed ripens
prefently after. 3

-GoveRNMENT AND Virtues, They ate’ snide de dieses of ieee They
are very unfafe to take inwardly, unlefs well rectified by an Alchymift, and only
_ the purity of them given, as they are violent purgers, efpecially of choler and phlegm.
~ Being prepared, they are very good for the dropfy, gout, and fciatica; externally

applied in ointments, or the belly anointed therewith, will deftroy worms therein,
: a is an excellent remedy for old and filthy fores. 3

[BEF BUACK HELLEBORE, A ae

IT is called alfo fetter-wort, fetter-grafs, bear’s-foot, Saaptsaeinhs aack Chrift.
mas-flower,

- Description. . It hath many fair green leaves rifing Gam ‘he root, each of them
| ftanding about a fpan high from the ground; the leaves are all divided into feven,
eight, or nine parts, dented from the middle to the point on both fides, and’ remain.
‘Green all the winter. About Chriftmas time, if the weather is iomewhat temperate, —
‘the flowers appear upon footftalks, each composed of five large, round, white leaves,
which are fometimes purple toward the edges, with many pale ycllow thrumbs ip
the middle, The feed is divided into feveral cells, fomewhat like thofe of colum- —

bines, but'rather larger, the feed is long and round, and of a black colour, T. he oe
Foot confifts of numberlefs blackifi ftrings, all united, into one head, There islikee ae

s wile, another Species of black hellebore which frequently grows in woods oe |

204 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PH ¥S:LCTAN,

very much like this, except that the leaves are {mailer and narrower, and perifheth
in the winter.

Piace. The firft is cultivated in gardens ; the fecond is commonly found in the
woods in Northamptonfhire.

Timez. The former bloffoms in December and January, and the latter in Feb-
ruary and.March.

GoveRNMENT AND Virtues, It is an herb of Saturn, confequently would be
taken with greater fafety after being purified, than when raw. The roots are very.
effectual againft all melancholic difeafes,. efpecially fuch as are of Jong ftanding, as
quartan agues and madnefs ; it helpeth the falling ficknefs, the leprofy, the yellow |
and black jaundice, the gout, fciatica, and convulfions , or ufed as a peffary, pro-
voketh the terms exceedingly. The fame being beaten to a powder and ftrewed
upon foul ulcers, confumes the dead flefh and inftantly heals them ; it will alfo help
gangrenes by taking inwardly twenty grains thereof corrected with half as much cin-

-namon. Country people ufe it for the cure of fuch beafts as are troubled with
the cough, or have taken any poifon, by boring a hole through the ear and putting
a piece of the root therein ; this, they fay, will give relief in twenty-four hours time.
It is an excellent ingredient, and ufed by Farriers for mahy purpofes.

HERB ROBERT.

Description. IT grows up with a reddifh ftalk about two feet high, bearing
on long and reddith footftalks many leaves, thefe are divided at the ends into three
or five divifions, fome cut deeper than others, and alfo dented’ on: the edges, which
oftentimes turn of a reddifh colour. At the top of the ftalk grow 1 feyeral flowers,
each confifting of five leaves, much larger than thofe of dove’s-fodt, and of a deeper
red colour, after which come beak heads as in others, The root is fmall and thready,

- and of an unpleafant fmell. 5
_ Pracg. Itmay be found almoft any where near the wayfides, ditch banks, and
_-wafte grounds. ; eee =
Time. It flowers in June and July, and the feed is ripe foon after.
Government and Virturs, This herb is under the dominion of Venus. It ss
efteemed an excellent remedy for the ftone, and will ftay blood, from whatever
-caufe it might happen to flow ; it {peedily healeth all green wounds, and is effectual

_ -in-curing old ulcers in the privities and other parts. J

Oe ERS. TRUE LOVE.
--- Descrirtion. ORDINARY -herb-truclove hath a fmall creeping root running,

under the upper cruft of the ground, fomewhat like a couch-grafs root, but not fo
= = : : whites

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, * 208

white, fhooting forth ftalks with leaves, fome ef whichcarry {mall berries, and others
not; every ftalk {mooth, without joints, and of a blackifh green colour, rifing about
half a foot high if it bears berries, but not fo high if otherwife ; on the top are four
feaves fet directly one againft the other, refembling a crofs, or rather a ribbon tied
in a truelove’s knot, from whence it took its name: ; thefe leaves are fomewhat like:
the leaves of nightfhade, but a little broader, having fometimes three leaves, fome-.

‘times five, and frequently fix, fome of which are larger than others. From the mid-
dle of the four leaves rifeth up one fmall flender ftalk, about an inch high, bearing ©
on the top a flower fpread open like a ftar, confifting of four fmall and long narrow
pointed leaves, of a yellowifh green colour, with four leffer ones lying between, and
in the middle ftands a round, dark, purpleifh button or head, compaffed about with
eight {mall yellow meally threads of three colours, which form.a beautiful flower.;.

when the other Jeaves are withered, the button or head in the middle becomes a
blackifh purple berry about the fize of a grape, full of juice, and contains many
white feeds. ‘The whole plant is without tafte.

Pract... It grows in woods and coppices, efpecially about Chiflehurft and.Maid+
ftone in Kent, and is likewife frequently found in the corners and. borders.of fields,.
and other wafte grounds.

Time. They fpring up about April or May, and flowerfoon after; the berries.
are ripe in the end of May and June. |
‘GovERNMENT AND Virtues. This plant is claimed by Venus. The leaves. or

- Berries hereof are effectual to expel poifon of all forts, efpecially that of the aconites, |

alfothe plague, and other peftilential difeafes. The roots beaten to powder and

taken i in wine, giveth eafe to thofé who are troubled with.the cholick ; the leaves
are exceeding good for green wounds, as alfa to cleanfe and heal.up old filthy fores.
and ulcers; it is very powerful to difcufs all tumours and fwellings in the fcrotum,

Privities, or groin, or in any other part of the body, and fpeedily allays all inflamma-

tions. The leaves or juice applied to felons, or nails of the hands or feet that have:

; impofthumes or fores gathered together at the roots or under them, will prove a cer-

tain cure ina fhort time.

4 HYSSOP,
Ir. is fo univerfally known, that I confider it = reesllefs to write any de.

: Sexiptiin ‘Of it. Its virtues are thefe, ;
Temperatures and Virtugs. The herbis J upiter’s, under the fign Cancer, com-
_. fequently ftrengthens fuch parts of the body as thefe govern. Diofcorides faith, that

= boiled with rue and. honey, and drank, helpeth thofe who are ane eae ae

06 CULPEPRER's ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

- coughs, fhortnefs of breach, wheezing, and rheumatic diftillations of the lungs 5
taken with oxeymel, in expelleth grofs humours by ftoo], and with honey it killeth
worms in the belly ; alfo with frefh or new figs bruifed, it helpeth to loofen the belly,
but more effectually if the root of flower-de-luce be added thereto, It reftoreth the
natural colour of the fkin when difcoloured by the yellow jaundice, and being taken
with figs and nitre it helpeth the dropfy and fpleen. Being boiled in wine, it is good
to wath inflammations, and taketh away black and blue fpots and marks proceeding
from blows, bruifes, or falls, if applied with warm water. Being boiled with figs,
it makes an excellent gargle for the quinfey or fwelling in the throat; or boiled
in vinegar and gargled in the mouth it cureth the tooth-ach ; the hot vapours of the
decoction taken by a funnel in at the ears, eafeth the inflammations and finging
noife of them; bruifed and mixed with falt, honey, and cummin-feed, it is a good
remedy for the ftinging of ferpents; the head being anointed with the oil thereof

’. it killeth the lice and allayeth the itching of the fame; it helpeth the falling fick-

nefs, and expelleth tough phlegm, and is effeétual in all cold griefs or difeafes of the
cheft and lungs, being taken either as a medicine or fyrup. © The green herb bruifed

and a little fugar mixed therewith, will fpeedily heal up any cut or green wound,
being thereto applied, 7

MEE ce De Be |
THE matured hops are fo well known that I fhall decline writing its trip ;
thall therefore proceed to that of the wild hops.
Description. The wild hop groweth up like the tame, twining upon trees and
3 hedges that ftand near them ; it hath rough branches and leaves like the former, but
much fmaller heads ; ; thefe heads are fo {carce, that one ftalk feldom produces more
= than one or-two ;---in this the chiefeft difference confifts.
aS “Pract. They delight to grow on low moift grounds, and are found in moft
= Parts of this kingdom. — 7
Ae : “ They fpring up in April, and flower about the latter end of June, but the
not gathered till the latter end of September.
AND > VIRTUES. At is under the Spinion. of Beg This phyfi-

ma '< ex pe ling the ec: ‘ind provoking urine; the dacsfitot of the
Aether tame or wild, worketh thefeeffects, In cleanfing the blood
siiaesdl rench difeafe, and all manner of fcabs, itch, and other break-
ods aif texters, vingworms, and Spreading fore, the morphew, a4
e-fkin. The decotti ‘of the. flowers and tops helpeth to expel
Seep

‘AND (COMPLETE HERBAL: 207

Sian, Half a drachm ofithe:feed j in. powder, taken in drink, killeth worms in the
body, bringeth down women’s.courfes, and: expelléeth urine. A fyrup; made of the
juice. and fugar, cureth the yellow jaundice,, eafeth the head-ach proceeding from
heat,, and tempereth the heat of the liver and ftomach; itis likewife given with good
effect to thofe who, are afflicted, with jong, and hot, agues. .. Both the wild and the
: manured are of one property, and alike effectual. i in.all the.aforefaid Siledett Mats
me ; this plant,. confequently i its operations are obvious.

a OL iS giana

Description. COMMON Hoarhound groweth up with Phas hoary ftalks,
about half a yard or two feet high, fet at the joints with two round, crumpled, rough,
leaves, of adull, hoary, green, colour, of a tolerable pleafant fmell, buta very-bitter _
tafte. The flowers-are fmall, white, and gaping, fet i in rough, hard, prickly, hufks;
thefe, together with the leaves, furround the joints from the middle of the ftalk up-
wards, and are fucceeded by {mall, round, blackifh, feed. The root is blackith,

hard, and woody, with. many ftrings, and very. durable. ;
_Puace. It is found in moft parts of this kingdom, clbecially in. ‘ty grounds,
and watte, green, places,

Time, It generally blofioms. in ar about July, and the feed i is ripe in Augutt.

GoverNMENT AND Virtves. It is an herb of Mercury. A: decoétion of the
dried herb with the feed, or the juice of the green herb taken with. honey,-is a. cer-
tain remedy for thofe who are purfey or fhort-winded, or have a cough, or are fallen
Into aconfumption, either through long ficknefs, or’thin diftillations of rheum upon
the lungs. It helpeth. to expectorate tough phlegm from the cheft, being taken with
the roots of iris, or oris. It bringeth down the menftrua, expelleth the afterbirth,
and giveth eafe to thofe who are afflicted with long and painful, travail ; and is an
excellent medicine to expel poifon, or cure the venomous bitings or ftingings. of fer-
‘ents, &c. The leaves, ufed with honey, purge foul ulcers, ftay running or creep-
ing fores, the growing of the fiefh over the nails, and eafe the pains of the fides.
The juice thereof, ufed with wine and honey, helpeth to clear the eyefight, and,
fhuffed. up the noftrils, purgeth away the yellow-jaundice ; the fame, ufed witha
Tittle oil of rofes and dropped into the ears, eafeth the pains thereof. Galen fays, It
‘openeth obftruétions both of the liver and fpleen, and purgeth the breaft and lungs
of neta 3 Or, outwardly applied, it both cleanfeth and digefteth. Mathiolus alfo

* *The decane this plant is particularly seiiacnchda) as a.certain remedy for confu met
ots as alfo to remove long and d tedious coughs, and reftore breath to thefe who are thor pe oS

208 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

obferves a decoétion of this plant tobe infinitely ferviceable for thofe who have bad
livers, and for fuch as have itches and running tetters. Either the powder or the
decoétion hereof is effe€tual in killing worms. The green leaves, bruifed and boiled
_ in old hog’s greafe, and ufed as an ointment, heal the bitings of dogs, abate the
fwellings of womens’ breafts, and eafe the painful fwellings occafioned by thorns or
fplinters, and, ufed with vinegar, cleanfe and heal tetters. There is a fyrup made
of this plant, fold by moft apothecaries, which I would recommend as an excellent

help to evacuate tough phlegm and cold rheum from the lungs of aged perfons,
efpecially thofe who are afthmatic or fhort-winded. :

HORS E-TeAd L-

OF this there are many kinds, but I fhall decline troubling my reader with the
defcription of any other than the moft eminent. >
Description. The great horfe-tail, at the firft fpringing, hath heads fomewhat
like afparagus, which afterwards grow to be hard, rough, hollow, ftalks, jointed in
feveral places, and about a foot high; the lower part appearing to be put into the
upper. On each fide grows a bufh of fmall, long, rufh-like, hard, leaves, each part
refembling a horfe’s tail, (from whence it took its name.) At-the tops of the ftalks
come forth {mall catkins, fomewhat‘like thofe of trees. The root creepeth under
the ground, having many joints. |
Puace. This horfe-tail (as do moft of the other kinds hereof) generally groweth »
in moift and wet grounds. =, .
Time. They fpring up in April, and their catkins bloom in July; in Auguft
_they thed their feed, and then perith, rifing afreth every {pring.
. Government anp Virtues. Of this herb, rhe fmooth rather than the rough,
vand the leafed rather than the bare, are moft phyfical. Saturn claims dominion

‘over it, yet its qualities are very harmlefs. - It is very good to ftanch bleedings, either
inwardly or outwardly, the juice or deco¢tion thereof being drunk, or externally aP-
plied. | It ftays lafks and fluxes of every kind, either in men or women; fupprefies
the evacuation of blood through the urinary paffages, and healeth not only the
inward ulcers and excoriations of the entrails, bladder, 8c. but all other forts of
foul, moift, and running, ulcers, and quickly healeth green wounds. Ic is an OF
‘cellent cure for ruptures in children. The decoétion, taken in wine, provoketh
‘urine, and helpeth the ftone and ftranguary; and a fmall quantity of the diftilled
water thereof, drunk two or three times in a day, eafeth the difagreeable fenfations of
the bowels, and is effeétual againfta cough when proceeding from the diftillation
of the head, By bathing the parts affeéted with the warm juice or diftilled wate
: 0

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: . 209

of this plant, it cureth hot inflammations, puftules, red wheals, and other breake
ings-out of the fkin; and it eafeth all fwellings, heat, and inflammations, of the
fundament and privities of either fex. é

Yt fG2 Ww O.-0:S8 BL EE K: a

IT is too well known, as well by the name of fengreen as houfeleek, to “require
anydefcription. | 3

Piacz anp Time. It grows commonly on the tops of houfes and walls, and.
flowers in July. :

GovERNMENT AND VIRTUES. Jupiter claims dominion over this herb, from .
which it is fabuloufly reported, that it preferves whatever it grows upon from fire
and lightning. The ordinary houfeleek is good for all inward and outward heats, .
either in the eyes or other patts of the body. A poffet made with the juice of houfe-
leek is fingularly good in all hot agues, for it cooleth and tempereth the blood and
{pirits, and quencheth thirft; by dropping the juice thereof into the eyes, it cureth .
them of all hot deAuxions of fharp and falt rheums, and is equally effectual for all
diforders of the ears, being ufed in the fame manner. It ftoppeth the immoderate
floodings of the menftrua, and helpeth the humours of the bowels; it cooleth and .
_ abateth all hor inflammations, the St. Anthony’s fire, fcaldings, burnings, the fhin-
gles, fretting ulcers, cankers, tetters, ring-worms, and the like; and isa certain eafe
to thofe who are afiéted with the gout, when proceeding from a hot caufe. By.
bathing the hands and feet with the juice, and laying the fkin of the leaves on them .
afterwards, it cleanfeth them of warts and corns; it alfo eafeth the head-ach and .
diftempered heat of the brain, occafioned by phreénfies or want of fleep, being ap~.
Plied to the temples and forehead. The leaves, bruifed and laid upon the crown of -
the head, ftay the bleeding of the nofe very quickly. The diftilled water of the -
herb is likewife profitable for all the aforefaid purpofes. The leaves, being gently .
rubbed on any place ftung with nettles or bees, do quictls take away the pain, and
difcharge the blifters proceeding therefrom.

H.. Oba kh. phe x

- CALLED alfo holm or hulver-bath. It is fo well Bown that to give a ee

tion of it is quite needlefs,
GOVERNMENT AnD Virtues, . This tree is és a Saturnine quality; the. haresaics

expel wind, and are therefore efteemed good for removing the pains of the cholic; .

the} are of a trong nature Sons inns conte of bernie’ see |

20 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

- when they are ripe, and not dried, they purge the body of grofs and clammy phlegm; —

but, if you dry the berries and beat them into powder, they are binding ; they ftop

fluxes of every kind, as alfo the terms of women, Both the bark and leaves are ex-
ceeding good to be ufed in fementations for broken bones and diflocated members*, :

1 Sehr ee a) 4 :
ME HOUN D's PRD N.C Wh. BM ae
117 VOW an eh

i Dusch mio THE great ondary hound’s tongue ‘Hath many. Jong and fome- ;f

what narrow, foft, hairy, darkith green, leaves, lying on the ground, and not much
unlike thofe of buglofs; from among thefe rifeth up'a rough hairy, flalk, about
two feet high, with fmaller leaves’ thereon, and branched at the top into many parts,
bearing. at the foot of each a imall leaf; on. this. branch are many “flowers, which
i confilt of {mall purplith red leaves, of a dead colour, {carcély rifing out of the hufk
wherein they ftand, with a few threads in the middle. Tt hath fometimes a white
flower. After the flowers are fallen, there. follow, rough flat feed, with a {mall poin-
tel in the middle, eafily cleaving to any thing x it happens to ‘touch. The branch

whereon thefe flowers grow is crooked, or turned inwards, ‘before they are in bloke

fom, but ftraightens icfelf as the flowers come. to perfection, The root is black,

thick, ‘and long, hard to break, and full of clammy juice, imelling fomewhat
ftrong and difagreeable, as do alfo the leaves. _

Prace. It groweth in moft parts of this. kingdom, in waite grounds, untilled :

places, highway-fides, and under hedges.

ee _ Time. It generally owereth in the months of 2 ae Jone, and the feed i

fhortly after. *
GoveRNMENT AND. Viru It is a nf
€ root is very effeGtually ufed in pills and decottions, or otherwite, to fay all
arp and thin defluxions of rheum from the head int into the eyes va

mide: ie “daateion of Mercury.

ay *
* *

r nofe, or upon. the :
ch or Oey as alfo for cousts and fhortnefs of breath. _ The leaves boiled ia j

he teste July 3 Tet. pee feild or 5 igh —- or till i it is teas deal |

This fort of

_ fortnight or three weeks a”: beat it in a mortar a it may be knead ik

doughs then wath in water it “

q te lal "
i p : 4 ’
lemmon Hemp, lommon Henbane, : Hedgelhyfop, GreatWiidellebore, Herd Robert,

| ae

"3 ommonLbyfs op. Hops . WhiteHoarhound,GreatWaierllm dail, Great Houseleek |

fr

4 ~
SMO; ~~
Wf ” ( >

Lhelvily : Conidae

7 4)

& STohns Wort,

—_

Jejhe Tree _ Mild ee. Kite Wart. lommon knapweed, lomamenEAceIrafs, Kae

sy

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 211

boiled ia hops lard, and applied, helpeth to preferve the hair from falling, and
eafeth the pain of a fcald or burn ; or the bruifed leaves, laid'to any green wound,
{peedily heal the fame: The root baked in embers, wrapped in pafte, or wet pa-
pers, or in a wet double cloth, anda fuppofitory made thereof and applied to the
fundament, doth very effectually help the piles or hemorrhoids ; alfo the diftilled>
water of the herb and root is ufed with good effect for all the aforefaid purpofes,
either. taken inwardly’ or applied outwardly, efpecially as a wath for wounds and
punctures, and particularly ulcers occafioned by the venereal difeafe,

. JOHN’s WORT.

DEscripTION. THE common St. John’ s wort fhooteth forth brownifh, up-
right, hard, round, ftalks, two feet high, fpreading many branches from the fides
Up to the top, with two {mall dark-green leaves fet one againft another, fomewhat
like thofe of the leffer centaury, but narrower, and full of {mall holes, which can
fearcely be difcerned unlefs held up towards the light. At the tops of the ftalks
and branches ftand yellow flowers, each compofed of five leaves, with many yellow
threads in the middle, which, being bruifed, yield a reddifh juice like blood ; thefe
are fucceeded by {mall round heads containing {mall blackith feed, {melling like
rozin. The root is hard and woody, with many ftrings and fibres at it, and ad a
brownifh colour ; they live many years, fhooting afrefh yearly.
Piace. It groweth in woods and coppices, as well thofe that are fhady as thofe
that are open and expofed to the fun.
Time. They flower about midfummer, and their feed is ripe in the latter end of
July and Augutt.
GovernMENT AND Virtues. It is under the celeftial fign Leo, and governed by
the Sun. It is by no means the leaft valuable for its efficacy in the cure of wounds,
hurts, or bruifes, by being boiled in wine and drunk, if the complaint is inwardly,
or, if outwardly, by converting it into an oil, ointment, bath, or lotion. It openeth
ebftructions, diffolves {wellings, clofes up the lips of wounds, and {trengthens the
parts that are weak and feeble. The decoétion of the herb and flowers, (though thae
of the feed is preferable,) taken in wine, or the feed made into powder and drunk
with the j juice of knotgrafs, helpeth all manner of vomiting and fpitting of blood,
occafioned by the burfting of a vein, bruifes, falls, &c. It likewife helpeth thofe -
_ who are bitten or ftung by any venomous creature, alfo eafeth the pain of the
ftone, and when applied provoketh women’s courfes. Two drachms of the feed of —

this herb, beaten to powder and drunk in a little broth, gently expel choler Or _ = a

Congealed blood from the ftomach, The decoction of the leaves and feeds, — being
Se 3K Hn - drunk

.
Pa © ea

by
a

22 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

drunk rather warm before the ague-fits come on, in the courfe of a little time will
entirely remoye them. Drinking the decoction of the feed for forty days together
helpeth the (ciatica, the falling ficknefs, and the palfy. 3

Uhh 3 vv ¥.

THIS is too well known to require a defcription:

Piace. It may be found upon moft old ftone walls of churches, houtes, ang
ruinous buildings, and frequently. in woods and upon trees,

Time. It flowereth in July, but the berries do not ripen | till they have felt the
winter frofts, > SAN

_GoveRnMENT AND, VIRTUES. Iti is under the dominion of Saturn. Diofcorides
recommends abouta drachm of the flowers to be taken twice a day in red wine as
an excellent medicine for the lafk and bloody flux. It i is very pernicious to the
nerves and finews being taken too liberally, but particularly helpful: when extere
nally applied, Pliny obferves, that the yellow berries are good againft the jaundice,
and help thofe who {pit blood; alfo prevent drunkennefs; and that the white
berries, bein g either inwardly or outwardly applied, kill the worms in the belly.
The fame ‘been to powder, and taken in liquor for two or three days together,
. admirably help thofe who have the plague, or, taken in wine, break the ftone,
provoketh urine, and. _ bring, down the menftrua. The frefh leaves of ivy, boiled.
in vinegar, and applied. warm to.the fides of thofe that are troubled with the {pleen,
ach, or ftitch in the fides, give immediate eafe ; or, ufed with rofewater and oil of
rofes.ta bathe the. temples and forehead, eafe the headach, though of long conti-
nuance. The fame, boiled in wine, cleanfe and heal old and filthy ulcers, by,
ufing it, as. a. wath ; it, is. hikewife. an excellent, cure for green. wounds, burnings,
‘fcaldings, and.all kinds.of, exulcerations, coming, thereby, or by falt phlegm or hu-
a mrs.in.other parts.of.the body, The,juice of the berries or leaves, fnuffed up. the,
nofe, purgeth the.head and, brain_of thin rheum which caufeth defluxions, into the,

sand.nole, and.cureth.the ulcers and tench therein; the fame, dropped into.the.

~ eats, helpeth, theoldand.running,fores.of,them, By the continual. drinking aut. of
a, cup made of,ivy, all fymptoms of the. {pléen are.entirely erazed. The. {peediet.
Spel “Susftisiby wine, is.to.drink-a.draught s.sbe fame as wherein: hands.
ful ofocuiesbivyeleaves have been boiled

oy, ‘JUNIPER- BUSH.

THISis —— ERE formers. canfequanlya derision: woulds
Sadana bo aes

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 213

-Piace. They are very plentiful in mot woods and commons, particularly upon
Warney common, near Brentwood in Effex; upon Finchley common, without
Highgate ,; adjacent to the Newfound Wells near Dulwich ; upon a common be-
tween Mitcham and Croydon ; in the hi¢hway near Amerfham in Buc! kinighambhire ;
and in many other places.

Timt. The berries are not ripe the firft year, but continue green two fummers
and one winter before they ripen, when they change their colour to black; they are.
ripe about the fall of the leaf.

Government anp Virtus. This admirable folar fhrub can fearcély be.
equalled for its virtues. Its berries are hot in the third degree, and dry in the firlt,,
being an excellent counter-poifon and a great refifter of peftilence ; they are very
good for the bitings of venomous beafts, they provoke urine exceedingly, and
therefore are very available to difuries and ftranguaries, It is fo powerful a remedy.
for the dropfy, that, by drinking only the lye made of the athes of this herb, it cures
the difeafe, it provokes the terms, helps the fits of the mother, ftrengthens the fto-.
mach, and expels wind; indeed there are few better remedies for the wind and cho-
lic than the chymical oil drawn from the berries; but as many, in all probability.
would be at a lofs how to extract this oil, I would advife them to eat ten or a dozen.
of the ripe berries every morning fafting, as thefe will occafionally anfwer the afore--
faid purpofes; they are alfo good for a cough, fhortnefs of breath, confumption, ,
pains in the belly, ruptures, cramps, and convulfions ; they ftrengthen the brain;
help the memory, fortify the fight by ftrengthening the optic nerves, and give fafe-

and fpeedy delivery to women in labour ; they are excellent good in all forts of
agues, they help the gout and feiatica, and ftrengthen all the limbs of the body. .

The afhes of the wood are ‘a fpecial remedy for the {curvy in the gums, by rubbing _
them therewith’; the berries ftay all fluxes, help the hemorrhoids or piles, and kill.
worms in children’; they break the ftone, procure loft appetite, and are very good :
for palfies and falling ficknefs. A lye made of the afhes of the wood, and the body,,
batted therewith, cures the itch, {cabs, and leprofy.

JUJUBE-TREE.

pe ee Kinps: DODONEUS fays, there aretwo fatts of jujubes;: sredieeda
white; and of the.redthree different-kindss viz. the greater jujube-tree, called iny
Latin zizipbus fivejujuba majors the lefferjujube, called zizéphus or jujuba minx, and
the wild jujube-tree, 5;

Description, Thegeedtenjujobectreegrows:fometimes very highy.bie-ofiener=

fpreads itfelf in breadth, having a crooked body; the wood is hard la iy

214 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

the bark rugged, and the branches great and fpreading; the fmallertwigs about a
foot jong are full of leaves on both fides, one a little above another, and an odd one
at the end ; thefe leaves are fmall, broad, and pointed at the end finely dented
about the edges, with long veins in them, each ftanding on a long footftalk,
{mooth, and feel hard. Atthe foot of every leaf towards the tops of the twigs.
come forth {mall yellowifh flowers, each confifting of five leaves; thefe are: fuc-
ceeded by the fruit, which is fomewhat like a {mall plumb, or olive, but rather
long, green and harfh at the firft, afterwards they become yellowifh, and when ripe.
they are of a fine red colour, of a fharp iweetnefs, and fomewhat clammy ;. flattifh
. next the ftalk, containing a ftone not unlike that of the olive or Cornelian cherry ;.
and its fkin is thicker and harder than thatofthe plumb. The branches are thorny,
ftanding two always at.a joint, one whereof is crooked, the other ftraight ; the roots
are long and faft in the earth. : a .

The leffer jujube-tree is in branches, leaves, flowers, and fruit, very much like
the former, except that it is every way fomewhat fmaller ; it is alfo thick fet with”
thorns like the other, but thefe are rather fhorter. .

The wild jujube-tree is: lower, and more like a fhrub, than either of the former,
but thicker fet with fmall fharp thorns s the leaves are not unlike, but grow not fo
thick on atwig, and are {maller ; the fruit of this is alfo red, fomewhat lefs, dryer
of fubftance, and of a fharper tafte than the others.

_ Prace. The firt groweth naturally in Africa, Egypt, and moft eaftern countries, |
and was, as Pliny obferves, conveyed from thence into Italy, where it now grows in

great plenty. The other kinds are likewife found in Italy, and i in fome parts of
‘France, the wild kind growing in the fields and hedges,

Time. They flower in May, and their fruit is generally ripe in September.

_ GoveRNMENT AND Virtugs. Venus claims dominion over thefe. Jujube berries,
when freth, open the body, purge choler, and cleanfe the blood, as Simon Sethi
cand J Actuarius affirm, though Mathiolus pofitively denies their purging faculty. ,
They are of a temperate quality i in heat and moifture ; they cool the heat and fharp-
nefs of the blood, and therefore are good in hot agues, alfo to expectorate tough
phlegm and other difeafes of the cheft and lungs, as coughs, fhortnefs of breath, hot
Giftillations, &c. and, being taken in fyrups or electuaries, expel the roughnefs of
the throat and breaft. They are good to cleanfe the reins and bladder, their vifcous
qualities. making the ‘Paffages flippery, and expelling the gravel and {tone with infi-
nitely lefs pain; and. they ftay vomiting when caufed by. fharphomours. They are
hard of digeftion, being either frefh or dry, and therefore are ufed in decoétions, fy-
— or clectuaries. I eee ay readers with a moft valuable sore

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: mee

for the cure of all fharp humours, ulcers, or inflammations in the kidneys, reins, and
bladder ; and for the ftone, jaundice, falling ficknefs, and dropfy.----It-is thus pre-
pared: Take jujubes, the feed of parfley, fennel, annife, and Carraways, of each
one ounce ; of the roots of parfley, burnet, faxifrage, and Carraway, one ounce anda
half; let the-feed be bruifed, and the roots wafhed and cut fmall, then infufe them
all night in a bottle of white wine, and in the morning boil it in a clofe earthen
veffel until a third‘part be confumed ; ftrain it and drink four ounces-at a time, the
firft and laft thing morning and evening, abftaining from all other drink for at leaft
three hours. ----This you will find effectual for the aforefaid diforders,

HONEY-WORT.

' THERE are divers fpecies of the honey-wort, namely, the great, fmall, and
rough; as, the greater yellow and red ; the greater yellow or purple ; and the {maller
yellow and white, the flowers of all or either of which the bees are remarkably
fond of, and much delighted with,

Deserierion., The greater honey-wort gfoweth up upon a thick green ftalk, to
a moderate height, having many great, deep-pointed, green leaves, placed one
above another; towards the top of each ftalk come umbles of flowers, thick fet,
andrifing up {piral or crefted; moftly of a bright yellow colour; though fome are
red, others purple, and fome perfectly white.

Pracs.. The honey-worts. grow not wild j in England, but are cherifhed up in
gardens, and planted in the pleafure- grounds and nurferies of the curious.

Time.. They {pring up in April, and flower from the latter end of May to Au-
suit, but perifh in the winter.

| GoveRNMENT anp Virtues. Honey-worts are under Mercury. They are of a
temperate quality, between cold. and hot; but rather inclining to cold, and are fome-
what aftringent. They ftop bleeding at the mouth and nofe, immoderate fluxes
of the belly;, and: women’s.courfes. The juice of the herb, with a little faffron dif-
folved in it, is'an excellent remedy for weak, watery, or blear, eyes; and is ufed
to heal foul ulcers after they have been cleanfed,. particularly i in tender parts of the
body, Some peoplé ufe it inftead of buglofs and borage, in all cafes where thole
herbs are recommended; The flowers.are very {weet

ALO INDIAN LEAF.

_Namts. IT is called’ by ‘the Indians cadegt Indi, that is folium mises: It is aio

| called malabatbrum, and' by the Haft Indians tamala patra. ,
No, 15, gL. | tees Descair-

16 =CULPEPER’s ENGLISH" PHYSICIAN,

Descriprion, They ate broad leaves, compofed of three ribs, andra’ little pointed,
at the ends ; amongit thefe are other leaves which fometimes grow on their: branches,
two ufually at a joint, tafting fomewhat hot, like the bay-leaf, as does likewife the
bark ; among thefe leaves is fometimes found:a fmall fruit, very much refembling
anacorn in the'cup; this is probably the’ fruit of Lg tree, and gathered with
the leaves. stidw

GoveRNMENT AND Virtves. It is a folar plant ; sin vimana it are e.theles it
provokes urine, it warms and ftrengthens the ftomach exceedingly, and “makes
the breath fweet. It is good to put into cordial and ftomachic compofitions 5, it
refifteth poifon and venom, and the infufion thereof in warm wine helpeth inflam-

-gnations and rednefs of theeyes, 7

Gf KIDNEY- WORT,

“CALLED alfo wall pennyroyal, and wall- pennywort. 38 —

Description. It hath many thick, flat, and” round, leaves growing: from we
root, every one having a long footitalk faftened underneath about the middle of-it,
a Tittle unevenly waved fometimes about the edges, ‘of a pale green colour. and
hollow on the upper fide, like afaucer. From’ among thefe rife one or more tender,
hollow, fmooth, ftalks, about half a foot high, bearing thereon two er. three fmalb
_ leaves, not round like thofe below, but’ fomewhat long, and divided on the édges ¥
the tops are fometimes divided i into long branches, bearing a humbér of flowers, fet
round about a long fpike, one above another; they are ‘hollow and fhaped like a
fmall bell, and of a whitifh green colour; thefe are followed by fmall heads con-
taining very {mall brownifh feed, which, falling on the ground, fpringeth up in great
plenty before the winter, if it happens to fall ona moift foil’ The root is round and
fmooth, gieyifh without and white within, having imal fibres at salen es, the
e Foot and bottom of the ftalk.”
ts. ACE. “Ir grows in great abundance in many. parts of his ‘ci dextom) parti¢vs

Jarl the weftern, upon ftone and mud walls, upon rocks and Steel eran at the:
3 fo ; dof ften on the trunks of rotten trees. Qi

Time. It ‘ufually flowereth in the beginning of fia), und! he feeds ‘ripening

quickly after, fheddeth itfelf. About the end of the fame month the leaves and
ftalks begin to wither, and remain in that {tate till September, when the leaves Spring
up again, and abide green all the winter. - -¥%

‘GoveRNMENT AND V1 inTuzs. Venus claims this herb under. See: The juice id
diftilled water, being drunk, is very effectual for all inflammations and unnatural

fieats ; alfoto cool a fainting ftomach, ahot ae or heat in the bowels. The br uifed
i ’ : “herb

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 217

ferb or the diftilled water thereof, applied to pimples, rednefs, St. Antony’s fire,
or other inflammations proceeding from heat, quickly healeth the fame; it likewife
eafeth the pains of the kidneys occafioned by the fretting of the ftone, provokes
urine, is available for the dropfy, helpeth to break the ftone, cooleth inflamed parts,
eafeth the pains of the bowels, and ftoppeth the bloody Aux. It is a fingular remedy
for the painful piles, or hemorrhoidal veins, by bathing the affected parts with the
juice thereof, or ufing it as an ointment; and is effectual in eafing pains of the hot
gout; the: feiatica, and the inflammations and fwellings of the fcrotum ; it cureth the
kernels or Knots in the neck ‘or throat, called the king’s evil; it healeth kibes and
chilblains by wafhing them with the juice, or anointing them with an ointment made
thereof, ' ‘Taying at the fame time fome of the fkin of the leaf upon them, It is. alfo
ufed i in in Breen wounds, tc to flay the blood ; and heal them, fh

-KNAB- WEED.

viDiaven neon THE common fort! of knap-weed- ‘hath many 8h and fome-
what broad dark | green leaves, tif ne fiotn the Foor, deeply dented about the edges,
and fometimes a little rent or torn’ on both fides in two or three places, and fome-
what! hairy ; from among thefe groweth up a ftrong round ftalk, four or five feet
high, which i is divided into many branches; at the tops of thefe ftand large green
fealy ‘heads, ' bearing i in the middle many dark purplifh red thrumbs or threads :
-thelé are fucceeded by black feed, wrapped in’ down, fomewhat like thofe of the
thiftle! but finaller. ‘The root is white, hard, and woody, with many’ fibres annexed
thereto 5 se peifherh not, bue liveth Patch the — astinba — freth anne
; every fpring.

~Phack. It grows. frequently i in’ fields wi theadovs, but chil in borders and
hedges, and may be found‘on wafte grounds. » :

Time. Itis generally in blofiom about asap and July, ane the feed is ripe fhortly
after. ay

Government AND VIRTUES. Saturn claims dominida Syerthis h herb. It helpeth
toftay fluxes, bleeding at the nofe and mouth, or other outward parts, and clofeth
broken blood- veffels ; it ‘ftayeth the -diftillations of thin and fharp humours from
the head u upon the ftomach and lungs 5 itis good for thofe who are bruifed by a fall,
blow, or otherwife ; 5 it is very profitable for ruptures, by drinking the decoétion of
the herbage and root in wine, and applying the fame outwardly to the place; itis —
exceeding good for all running fores, cankerous and fiftulous, drying up the weer ©
ture, and healing ‘them gradually 5. and is an admirable remedy. for a fore thr ee
fuelling of the uvula and jaw, and all green “wounds, ee EN OT.

218 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

RNOT.GRAS 5.

AIT is fo univerfally known, that a defcription would be quite unneceffary.
Piace. It grows in almoft every part of this kingdom, by the gic fides,
by the footpaths in fields, and by the fides of old walls.
- Time. It grows up late in the {pring, and remains green till the. winter, when
all the branches perifh. iy 54
GOVERNMENT AND Virtues, Saturn appears to whee dominion over. this herb,
though many areof opinion it’is influenced by the Sun. The juice of the common
kind of knot-grafs is very effectual to ftay bleeding at the mouth and nofe, by drink-
ing it in fteeled or red wine for the one, or applied to the forehead. or fquirted up the

noftrils for the other. It is no lefs effectual to cool and temper the heat of the blood
and {tomach ; alfo to ftay fluxes of blood and humours, as the lafk, bloody flux,

women’s courfes, and running of the reins. Itis a fingular provocative of urine,
it helps the ftranguary, and allayeth the’ heat proceeding therefrom; and, by taking
a drachm of the powder of the,herb in wine, for feveral days together, it powerfully
expels the gravel or ftone from the kidneys and bladder, Being boiled; in wine. and,
drunk, it healeth the wounds made by. the bitings of venomous creatures,, effectually
ftays all defluxions of rheumatic humours upon the ftomach, kills the worms in the

belly, and-eafes the inward pains that proceed from the heat, fharpnefs, and corrup-
tion, of blood, and choler.. The diftilled water of this herb taken by. itfelf, or withthe
powder of. the plant or feed, will equally anfwer all the aforefaid purpofes, and. is
heldin high eftimation for i its admirable efficacy in cooling all-manner of inflamma-
‘tions, breakings out, hot fwellings and impofthumes, gangrenes, fiftulous cankers,
_ ulcers and fores in the privities of either fex,Jand all kinds of frefh and green: wounds,

and -guickly healing them, being wathed therewith. The juice,, dropped into

the ears, cleanfeth fuch as are foul and have. running matter therein, and. is. very, g00d
3 eriekendoines and.tu ptures,

oe YE RA 4.1 7

Sa AND oo, IT'is called alfo glafs-wort and falt-wort ;, there aré : four
‘kinds of kali ‘deferibed by Parkinfon, viz, 1. Kai majus cocbleatum, great glafs-wort
with fnail-like feed. 2. Kali minus album, {mall glafs-wort. 3, Kali Aigyptiacum, glals-
wort of Egypt. And 4. Kali geniculatum, five faliccrnia, jointed glafs wort. 1 thall
only defcribe the laft,

Thisjointed kali, or glafs-wort, groweth up ufually but with one upright, round,
thick, and almoft tranfparent, ftalk, a foor high or more; thick fet, and full of joints
orknots, without - leaves at all, bur thooting forth) joints one gat of another, with

fhort

~

AND COMPLETE HERBAE. 219°

fhort cods at the heads of them, and fuch-like fmaller branches on each fide, and they
are divided into:other fmaller ones; it isthought to bearineither flower nor feed ;.
the root‘is finall, long, and thready.. Some other kinds there are differing foinewhat
in the form of the joints, and one kind wholly reddifh, and differing from the other
in nothing elfe. :

The firft and. thitd are. abfolute ftrangers in: our countries, but grow: in Syriay
Egypt, Italy,.and Spain; the fecond groweth, not.only in thofe countries; but in
colder climates, upon many places of our own coafts, efpecially of the weft country.
The laft generally groweth in all countries, in many places of our fea-coaft,. wheré
the falt-water overfloweth.

“Tite, They. all flourith in the fummery, and 'thofe that perifh give their feed-in
Aueiutt, or later ; the laft abideth all the! winter!
GoveRnMENT anD Virtues: Kali; or glafs-wort, all the forts thereof are un-
derthe dominion of Mars; they. are all of a cleanfing- quality, without any. great or
-manifeft heat ; the powder of any of them, or the juice, which is:much better, taken
in drink, purgeth downwards flegmatic, waterifh, and aduft, melancholy humours,
and therefore is very effectual for the dropfy, to provoke urine, and expel the dead
‘child: It opens ftoppings of the liver'and fpleen, and waftes the hardnef$-thereof ;
but it muft be ufed with difcretion, asa great quantity is'dangerous, hurtful, and
deadly. ¢ |
~- Theathes are very tharp and biting like a cauftic, and the lye that is made there-
of is fo ftrong, that it will fetch off the {kin fromthe hands or any part of the body,
but may be mixed with other more moderate medicines to take away fcabs, léprofy,
and to cleanfe the fkin : the powder of ftones, and the afhes hereof being melted, is
the matter whereof glafs is made, which, when it gloweth in the furnace, cafteth
up a fat matter on the top, and when it is cold is fat and brittle, and is called
fandiver, : .
_ Itworketh much to the fame effect with the herb or afhes ; it is ufed often in pow- |
der to blow into horfes eyes, or, being diffolved, to be fquirted in them, to take away
any fuperfluous film or fkin beginning to grow thereon ; both of them likewife ferve
to dry Up running fores, fcabs, tetters, ringworms, and to help the itch.

Description, IT hath many leaves rifing from the root ftanding upon long
hairy footftalks, being almoft round, but a little cut in on the edges, into eight or ten
Parts, more-or lefs, making it feemvlike a ftar, with’fo many corners and points, and
dented round about, ofa light green colour, fomewhat hard in handling, as if it

No. 15, 3M gp

220 CULPEPER *s sENGLUISH.PHYSUECIAN,

were folded or plaited at firft, and then crumpled in divers places, and a little hairy,
as the ftalk is alfo, which rifeth up among them to the height of two or three feet,
with fuch-like leaves thereon, but f{maller, and, being weak, is not able to ftand up-
right, but bendeth down to the ground, divided at the top into two or three {mall
‘branches, with fmall and yellowifh green heads, and flowers of a whitith colour
- breaking out of them, which being palt, there cometh finall yellow féed like poppy-
feed ; the root.is fomewhat long and black, with many ftrings or fibres. | t
- Prace. It groweth naturally in many paftures and woodfides, in Hartfordhhire,
Wiltthire, and Kent, and other places of this land.
Time. It flowereth in May and June, and remains green all the winter.

’ GoveRNMENT AND Virtus. » Venus claims the herb as her own... Ladies’ mantle
is very proper for thofe wounds that have inflammation, and is very. effectual to ftay
bleedings, vomitings, fluxes of ‘all forts in men or women, and bruifes by falls or
otherwife, and hel peth ruptures ; itis alfo good for fome diforders in womens breafts,
caufing them to grow lefs and hard, being both inwardly and outwardly applied.
The diftilled water, taken for twenty days together, helpeth conception ; and ajbath,
made of the decoction of the herb, will fometimes prevent mifcarriages. It is one
of the moft ufeful wound-herbs, and therefore highly prized and praifed by'the Ger-
‘mans, who, in all wounds, inward and outward, drink the decoction thereof, and
wafh the wounds therewith, or dip tents therein, and put them into the wounds. It
quickly healeth green wounds, not fuffering any corruption to remain, behind; and
it cureth old fores, though fiftulous and hollow. oF

Blo LAVENDER.

Ti is fo well known, being a an inhabitant of almoft every garden, that it needeth
| “no defcription. adie
_ Time. It flowereth about the end of June and the beginning of July. seus

~ Goversaent AND VIRTUES. Mercury owns the herb, and it carries ‘its effects
‘very potently. Lavender is of fpecial ufe for pains of the. head and brain that pro-
ceed of a cold caufe, as the apoplexy, falling ficknefs, the drowfy or fluggifh ma-
Jady, cramps, convulfions, palfies, and often faintings. It ftrengthens the ftomach,
and freeth the liver and {pleen from ob{tructions, provoketh womens couries, and
-expelleth the dead child and after-birth. The flowers of lavender fteeped in wine
_are efficacious in obftru@tions of urine, or for thofe troubled with the wind oF
cholic, if the places be bathed therewith. -A decoétion made with the flowers of 14-
vender, horehound, » fennel, and afparagus roots, and a little cinnamon, is ufed 1°
help the falling-ficknefs and — of the brain: to gargle the mouth with the
Sta: - decoction

AND COMPLETE HERBAL; 221

decoétion thereof is good for the toothach. Two fpoonfuls of the diftilled water of
the flowers taken help them that have loft their voice;\as alfo the tremblings and
pafiions of the heart, and faintings and {woonings, not only being drunk, but applied
tothe temples or noftrils; but itis not fafe to ufe it where the body is replete with
blood and humours, becaufe of the hot and fubtile fpirits wherewith it is poffeffed.
The chymical oi! drawn from lavender, ufually called oil of fpike, is of fo fierce and

piercing) a {pirit, that it is cautioufly to be ufed, fome few drops being fufficient to ~

be given with other things, either inwardly or outwardly.

a.HI04 vie lor b>: Ue AVENDER COTTON.

maspye being a common garden herb, I fhalk forbear the defcriptions only take notice
‘hat it ‘flowereth i in June and July.

* Govern tent AND Virtues. Itis under the dominion of Mercury. Ic refifteth
poifon, putrefaction, and helps the bitings of venomous bealts.: adrachm of the
‘powder of the dried leaves; raided every morning fafting, in any convenient vehicle,
‘tops t the tunning of ché teins ‘in’men, and whites in women : thefeed being beaten
- into powder, and taken as wormfeed) kills worms: theilike doth the herb itfelf, being
_ boiled in milk, and the milk bec 3h {cabs and itch a are cured by bathing with a de-
coction of it.

‘¢ O84

saiyl LADIES: SMOCK, OR. CUCKOO. FLOWER,

Dasente fon “THE root's ‘compbofed of many {mall white threads, from tender
a ps leaves, fet one* againit another, upon a middle rib, the greatett being
_ at the’ends; aniongtt which rife up divers tender, weak, round, green, ftalks, fome-
“what ftraked, with longer and Imaller leaves. upon them ; onthe’ tops of which ftand
Lowers, almott” like ftock eilifiowers, ‘but! rounder’ and not fo long, ofa. blufhing
“white colour: ‘the feed is veddifh, ‘and growethj in hfe! poetics, being of pene
“iting tafte, and’ foi is the herb. des .

oF Lace, T hey grow in ‘moitt places and hear to brook’ fides.

pie. zs hey. flower i in | April or May, and aod ied leaves continue green pall the

___ Government anp VirTvEs. They are under the dominion of the moon, and
ver y little’ inferior to water-crefles in all their ¢ operations: they are very good for the
“feurvy? they provoke urine’ and break the flone, and excellently warm a cold and

: * gg ——— ee sels i sea mod Benes Seg

Paks -_
* zt ee | ER

32 CULPEPER ENGLISH PAYSICIAN,

MOLY vee eu CE.

GOVERNMENT AND V IRTUES. THE moon owns it. The juice of lettuce mie
or boiled with oil of roles, and applied to the forehead and temples; procureth fleep
and eafeth the head-ach proceeding from a hot caufe; being.boiled and eaten, it
helpeth to loofen the belly: it helpeth digeftion, quencheth thirft, increafeth milk
in nurfes, eafeth griping pains of the ftomach or bowels that come of choler, It
abateth bodily luft, being outwardly applied with alittle camphire: applied in» the
fame manner to the region of the heart, liver, or reins, or by bathing the faid place
with the juice or diftilled water, wherein fome white fanders or red rofes are put alfo, .

it not only repreffeth the heat and inflammation therein, but comforts and ftrengthens
thofe parts, and alfo tempereth the heat of urine. Galen advifeth old men.to ufe.it
with fpices, and, where {pices are wanting, to add mint, rocket, and fuch-like hot
herbs, or elfe citron, lemon, or orange, feeds, to abate the cold of one and heat of
theother. The feed and diftilled water of the lettuce work the like effects in all
things: but the ufe of lettuce. is chiefly forbidden to thofe. that are fhort-winded, « or
have any imperfection: in theirlungs,- or {pit blood.

LL0 WATER-LILLY.

OF this there are two principal noted kinds, viz. the white and the ee
Description. The white lilly hath very large-and thick datk greén leaves lying
-onthe water, fuftained'by long and thick foot-ftalks, that rife from a great, thick,
round, and long, tuberous black root, fpungy or loofe, with many knobs thereon,
like eyes, and whitifh within, from the midft of which rife other the like thick and
great ftalks, fuftaining one large white flower thereon, green on the outfide, but as

- white as {now within, confifting of divers rows of long and fomewhat thick and nar-
tow leaves, fmaller and thinner the more inward they be, encompaffing a head

- within, with many yellow threads or thrums in the middle, where, after they are palts
ftand round poppy-like heads, full of broad, oily, and bitter, feed.

The yellow kind is little different from the former, only. it hath fewer leaves on the
flowers, greater and more fhining feed, and a whitifh root both within and without: —
the roots of both being fomewhat {weet in tafte. |

Puace. They are found growing in great pools and ftanding waters, and fome-
a in flow maBhipEers, and ditches of running water, in fundry places of this

Time. They flower moft commonly about the end of May, =a their feed is ripe
in Auguft.

*

GovERN-

. loml ade
4 ‘ cary

*

1] jj

Nellow WaterLilly, White WadtteTilly, Tilly of theValley,
CreatWild L eliuce, eS

vage OakLungwort
: NY

i 1
\ SURES 2
A | 4
<

ee
Com, VellowL. cofesiriye Led flewerdL cof estrefe- Le

Linden Tree, lom,L nil,

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 223

GovERNMENT anv Virtugs. The herb is under the dominion of the moon, and
therefore.coals and moiftens like the former. The leaves and flowers of the water-

be lillies are cold and moift, but the root and feed are cold and dry the leaves cool all
inflammations, and both outward and inward heats of agues, and fo do the flowers,

“>

fer

WHITE LYULEEE s:

IT being unneceffary to defcribe a plant fo common as to be met with in almoft
every flower-garden, fuffice it to detail their
Government anp Virtues. They are under the dominion of the moon, and, by

a antipathy to. Mars, expel poifon ; they are exceedingly ufeful in peftilential fevers,

YA

| the roots being bruifed and boiled in wine, and the decoction drunk, expelling the

| Poifon to the exterior parts of the body; the juice of it being tempered with barley-
is meal baked, and eaten as ordinary bread, is an excellent cure for the dropfy. An
ointment made of the root with hogs-lard is exceedingly good for {cald heads, and _
Unites the finews when cut; it has alfo great virtue in cleanfing ulcers, it being of ©

2 fine fuppurating quality; the root, boiled in any convenient decoétion, gives
fpeedy delivery to women in travail, and expels the after-birth. The root, roafted

_. and mixed with a little hogs-lard, makes an excellent poultice to ripen and break

$45

{pie free The ointment is alfo exttemely good for fwellings in the privities,
_ and cures burns and fcalds without leaving any {car , a wt isa re a agamntt

| bale 3
~The decoétion of the white or yellow lillies, mide of the feeds, roots, or leaves, is

a - fay in Siptne nocturnal green occahoned “he dreams. =
m is ‘st at ce

GOL pipers | ‘of the VAELEy,’

CALLED alfo Conval Lilly, May Lilly, and Lilly Confuney.

| . Dascription, : The root is fmall, and creepeth far in the ground, as grafs roots
os theleave are STany 5-20 ft which rifeth wpa talk half a foot high, with

| orp ad, and not much unlike 2 oP aa,

ha Pew sire grow plentifully upon Hampfend-henth, and in various other

he kingdom. ‘

~ Time, They flower in. May, and the feed i 1S oe in Beparinte 2a
Pan Viatues. “tis under the dominion of Mercury, and theres
re, without doubt, strengthens the brain, renovates a weak memory, and makes a

| vit ftrong ain, » The diftilled water, dropped into the eyes, helps inflamimations
No. 16, 3N ehercof,

24 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

thereof, as alfo that infirmity which they calla Pin and Web: The §pirit of the
flowers, diftilled in wine, reftoreth loft. fpeech, helps the palfy, and is exceeding
good in the apoplexy, comforteth they heart and vital fpirits.. Gerrard faith, that ~
the flowers being clofe {topped up in an ant-hill, and taken away again a month

after, a liquor will be found in the glafs, WHEE) being externally ous tends to
relieve the gout.

LL Cres eee & a 7
Description. THE Englifh liquorice fhoots up with feveral- woody ftalks,

whereon are fet, at feveral diftances, many narrow, long, green leaves, fet together

on both fides of the ftalks, and an odd one.at the end, nearly refembling a young

afh-tree fprung up from the feed. This, by many years continuance in a place
without removal, but not elfe, will bring forth numerous flowers, ftanding together

fpike-fafhion, one above another upon the ftalks, in the form of pea-blofioms, but
of avery pale blue colour, which turn into long, fomewhat flat, and fmooth, pods,
wherein is-contained fmall, round, hard, feed. The root runneth down exceeding
deep into the ground, with divers other fmaller roots and flowers growing with

‘them; they fhoot out fuckers in every direétion, by which means the product is
greatly increafed. The root is of a brownith colour on the outfide, and yellow

within,

Pace. Itis planted in fields and gardens in divers places of this kingdom, greatly
to the profit of the cultivators.

- GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. It is under the dominion of Mercury. Liquorice
‘poiled in clear water, with fome maiden-hair and figs, maketh a good drink for fuch
as are troubled with a dry cough, hoarfenefs, wheefing, or fhortnefs of breath, and

for all complaints of the breaft and lungs, phthific, or confumptions, ¢aufed by
the diftillation of falt humours on them. It is alfo good in all pains of the reins, the
ftranguary, and heat of urine. The fine powder of liquorice, blown through aquill
| ‘into the eyes of thofe afflicted with the pin and web, (as it is called,) or rheumatic

_ diftillations into them, cleanfes and greatly relievesthem. The juice of liquorice is

as effe€tual in all the difeafes of the breaft and lungs, the reins and bladder, as the
decoction. The juice diffolved in rofe-water, with fome gum tragacanth, i is a fine
medicine for ao ra wheefings, axe.

Act .E Rw OR 7

Desenrrrrow:: ijiaies liver-wort groweth clofe, and peal much

upon the ground, in moift and. fhadowy places, with numerous fad-green leaves, —
| of

iLAND :COMPLETE: HERBAL. 225

or rather, as it were, fticking flat oneto another, very unevenly cut in on the edges,
and crumpled : from among which arife {nvaJl flender ftalks, an inch or two high at
moft, bearing {mall flowers at the tops, fomewhat refembling ftars.
--GovERNMENT AND Virtues., It.is under.the command of Jupiter, and under the
fign Cancer. It isa fingular good herb for all the diieafes of the liver, both to cool
anécleanfe it}: and -helpeth-inlammations in any part ; it is likewife ferviceable in
the yellow jaundice: being bruifed and boiled in {mall beer, and drunk, it cooleth
the heat of the liver and, kidneys, and helpeth the running of the reins in men
and the whites. in women; it is a fingular remedy to ftay the {preading of tetters,
ring-worms;: and»other fretting and running fores and fcabs, and is an excellent
remedy. for fuch’ whofe. livers are-corrupted by furfeits, which caufeth their bodies
to breakout ; for it fortifies the liver exceedingly. :

LOOSE “STRIFE, .on ‘WILLOW-HERB..

Description. THE common ‘yellow. loofe-ftrife groweth to the height of
four or five feet, with great ‘round ftalks a little crefted, diverfly branched, from
the middle of them. to the tops, into great . and Jong branches, on all of which, at the
joints, there crow ‘Tong and narrow leaves, but broader below, and ufually two at

ajoint, yet fometinhes three or four, fomewhat like willow-leaves, fmooth on the
edges, and of a ‘faint green colour; from the upper joints of the branches, and at
the tops of them allo, ftand many yellow flowers of five leaves apiece, with divers
yellow threads in the middle, which turn into fmall round heads, containing {mall
cornered feeds. ‘The root “creepeth — under ground, ‘almoft like couch-grafs, but
Greater, and fhooteth up every fpring, with brownifh heads, which afterwards grow
up into two ftalks ; ; it ‘hath no fcent nor tafte, but only aftringent. ‘

Prace. It groweth in moft parts of the kingdom, in moift meadows, and by the

fides of eas
Tm. It flowereth from June to Augutt. .
Vinturs. | This herb is ‘good for all manner of bledding at the mouth
or nofe, or wounds ; all fluxes of the belly, as ‘well as the bloody flux, given
either to drink, or adminiftered as a clyfter; it ftayeth alfo the abundance of
‘women’s courfes, It isa fingu ular good herb for green wounds, to ftay the bleeding,
and quickly clofes together the lips of the wound, if the herb be bruifed, and the
juice only applied. It is often ufed in gargles for fore mouths, as alfo for the fecrep
‘parts. The fmoke thereof,’ on its being burnt, driveth away flies and gnats, which
inthe night-time infeft the habitations of people er ee inthe
fenny countries,

na eens a i Pe

LOOSE.

226 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

LOOSE-STRIFE, with fpiked Heads of Flowers.

Description. THIS groweth with many woody fquare ftalks, full of joints,
about three feet high at leaft, at every one wheteof are two long leaves, fhorter,
narrower, and of a darker gteen colour, than the former, and fomewhat brownith,
The (talks are branched into many long ftems‘of fpiked flowers, half: a foot long,
growing in bundles one above another, out of fmal) hufks very like the fpiked:heads
of lavender, each of which flowers have five round pointed leaves of a purple violet
colour, or fomewhat inclining to rednefs, in which hufks ftand {mall round heads
after the flowers are fallen, wherein is contained fmall feed, the root creepeth under
ground like unto the yellow, butis greater than it, and fo are the heads of the
leaves when they firft appear out of the ground, and more brown than the other.

Pract. It groweth ufually by rivers, and ditches fides in wet grounds, as about .
the ditches at and near Lambeth, and in many other parts of the kingdom.

Time. It flowereth in the months of June and July.

GovERNMENT AND Viatuzs. The herb is an herb of the moon, and under the

‘fign Cancer; it is an excellent prefervative of the fight when well; nor is ; therea bet-
ter cure for fore eyes than eye- bright taken inwardly and this ufed outwardly ; ; it is
| cold in quality. This herb i is not a whit inferior to the former, it having not only
all the virtues which the former hath, but fome peculiar virtues of its own found

out by experience; namely, the diftilled water is a prefent remedy for hurts and
blows on the eyes, and for blindnefs, if the chryftalline humour be not perifhed ot

hurts and this hath been fufficiently proved true by the experience of a perion of
judgment, who kept it long, to himfelf asa great fecret , it alfo cleareth the eyes of
duft o or-any other thing which may have got into them, and preferveth the fight; it
‘is alfo.a good remedy for wounds and thrufts, being made into an ointment in the
following manner: To every ounce of the water add two drams of May-butter with- |
-outfalt, and of fugar and bees-wax the fame quantity of each, which mutt boil gently
all together ; when thus brought | to.a proper confiftence, let tents be dipped in
‘the oi tme at after i it is cold, and put into the. wounds, and the place ¢ covered. with
Ac th doubled, on which the ointment, may be thinly fpread ; this’ js an ap-
edi i ir likewife cleanfeth and healeth all foul ulcers and fores whatlo-
hi ‘them with the water, and laying on them a green leaf or two ‘in 5 the
aves ir the winter. . This water when. warmed, and ufed.as La

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 229

ty LOVAGE.

Description, JT hath many long and great ftalks, with large winged leaves,
divided into many parts like fmallage, but much larger and greater, every leaf be-
ing cut about the edges, broadeft forwards, and {malleft at the ftalk, of a fad-green
colour, fmooth and fhining ; from among which rife up fundry ftrong hollow green .
. flalks, five or fix feet, and fometimes feven or eight feet, high, full of joints, bur
_{maller leaves fet on them than grow below; and with them, toward the tops, come.
forth long branches, bearing at their tops large umbles of yellow flowers, and after :
them flat brownifh feed. The root groweth thick, great, and deep, {preading
much, and enduring long, of a brownith colour on the outfide, and whitith within. .
The whole plant, and every individual part of it, fmelleth ftrong and aromatically, .
and is of an hot, fharp, biting, tafte.
_ Pracs. It is ufually planted in gardens, where, if it be fuffered, it groweth huge »
and great.

Time. It flowereth in the end of July, and feedeth in Auguft.

Government anv Virtues. Itis an herb of the fun, under the fign Taurus.
‘Tf Saturn: offend the throat (as he always doth if he be the occafion of the malady, .
and in Taurus is the genefis), this is your cure. It openeth, cutteth, and digefteth,
humours, and mightily provoketh wonien’s courfes and urine; half a dram at a_

time of the dried root in powder, taken in‘wine, doth wonderfully warm a cold
ftomach, helping digeftion, and confuming all raw and fuperfluous moifture therein; .
eafeth all inward gripings and pains, diffolveth wind, and refifteth poifon and infec-
tion, To drink the decoction of this herb is 4 well-known and much-praétifed re-
medy for any fort of ague, and greatly helps the pains and torments of the body
and bowels occafioned by cold. ue he feed is effe€ual to all the purpofes aforefaid,
except the laft, and worketh more powerfully. The. diftilled water from the herb
helpeth the quinfey in the throat, if the mouth and throat be gargled and wafhed
therewith; and relieveth the pleurify being. drunk three or four times. When.
dropped into the eyes, it taketh away the rednefs or dimne(fs of them ; it alfo taketh ,

: away fpots or freckles in the face. The leaves bruifed, and fried with a little hogs... e

Tard, applied hot to any blotch or boil, will savickly break it.

tp LOVE-APPLE
7 ari is alfo called Golden Apple, Apple of Love, and in Latin Pome pee ae
No, 16, 30° : : Descrir~ Z

28 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Description. It groweth into a tree of a reafonable height, with large dented
leaves, cut in upon the edges, and of a pale green colour. adhe bloffoms. are large
and white, which falling, the fruit follows.

Prace. The tree is a native of Ethiopia; but it is Slanted i in the gardens 0 or
nurferies of many of the curious in this kingdom.

Time. They blofflomin April and May, and the Prait3 is ripe in Auguft and
September. : : oe

GovERNMENT-AND Virtues. The apples of love are under Venus ; yet are they

_cold and moift in an extreme degree. They are olygotrophic and cachochymic; yet,
in hot countries, they are eaten asfauce, boiled with pepper, falt, and oil. The :
juice, boiled with uxungia to a falve, heals all inflammations and burnings; and
the leaves boiled with oil-olive, till crifped, then ftrained, and afterwards boiled with
“wax, rofin, and alittle turpentine, to a falve, arean infallible remedy for old fores
and ulcers of the privities, or for wounds and ulcers in other parts of the body, com-
‘Ing of heat, or vifcous humours of the blood.

nel UN GW OCR, 1. | |
‘Description.’ THIS isa kind of mofs that groweth on fundry forts of trees,
.eIpecially oak and beech; with broad, greyifh, tough, leaves, diverfly folded, crum-
_pled, and gafhed in on the edges, and fometimes {potted alfo with many {mall {pots —
on the upper fide; it was never feen to bear any ftalk, or flower at any time.
“GoveRNMENT AND Virtves. Jupiter feems to own this herb, which is greatly
~ufed by phyficians to help the difeafes of the lungs, and for coughs, wheelings, and

~ fhortnefs of breath, which ic cureth both in man and beaft.; it is very fuccefsfully
oufed i in lotions that are taken to ftay the moift humours that flow to ulcers, whici ©

8 hinder their healing ; as alfoto wath all other ulcers inthe privy parts of man OF

cexcrefeence, or. inc of es bee groweth on this tree, Selig within white,
foft, and fpongy, like a smufhroom. The agaric is hot in the firft degree, and dry —
in the fecond ; 5 it hath se iSuaing cleanfing quality, and purges obftructions of

= phlegm, choler, and imelancholy, and mee 3
t

=

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: aes

the breaft, lungs, liver, and reins; provokes urine and the terms; kills worms,
helps pains of the joints, and caufeth a good colour.
It is not good to be taken alone, without corrigents; therefore the fyrup of rofes,
‘folutive with agaric, is good to be taken; it cures the yellow jaundice, and is ex-
ceeding good for agues coming of thick humours, for which they take pills of hiera
with agaric ; it may be given with oxymel for agues of all forts, and gripings of the
belly ; itis good againft fhortnefs of breath, the phthific, and confumption ; half a
dram thereof, in wine, is an excellent antidote againft poifons.

Oe ef a, DS ed tee AAA

Kinps anD Names. THEY are called Jens, and Jenticula, in Latin. In fome
counties of England, where they fow them for meat for their cattle, they call
them tills. 3

There are three forts. 1. Lens major, the greater lentil. 2. Lens minor, the {mal-
fer lentil. And, 3. Lews maculata, the fpotted lentil.

Description. 1. The greater lentil groweth about two feet long, with many
hard, yet flender and weil: branches, from whence, at feveral places, fhoot forth

long ftalks of {mall winged leaves ; many on each fide of a middle rib, which middle
rib endeth in a {mall clafper; between the leaves and the ftalks come the flowers,
- which are {mall, of a fad reddifh colour, inclined to purple, almoft like the flowers
of vetches; they ftand, for the moft part, two at the end of a long foot-flalk,
after the flowers are gone, there fucceed fmall, fhort, flat, pods, wherein is flat,

round, {mooth, fend, of a pale yellowifh afh-colour ; the root is fibrous, and dieth :
~ every winter.

2. The fmaller lentil differeth from the former only in this, that the ftalks, leaves,
and feed, ate lefs; the flowers more pale, and the feeds whiter.

The third differs not much from the laft ; but the feed is {potted with black.
-. Government anp Virtues. They are under the dominion of Saturn; of a
mean temperature between heat and cold, and dry in the fecond degree. According
to Galen, they are fomewhat aftringent, and bind the body, efpecially the outward
skin, It is of contrary qualities, for the decoction thereof doth not bind but loofen
the body ; ‘therefore, thofe who would have it bind muft throw away the firft

water, and ufe the fecond, which ftops the lask, and ftrengtheneth the merc: : ae : |

and inward parts,

290 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

OBZ UEMON-TREE, or LEMONS.

Names. There are feveral forts of lemons, fome great, others {mall; fome hav-
ing very thick and rugged peels, and fome very {mooth ; fome are of a wild juice,

others fharp, and fome very tart'and crabbed ; which alterations may be made both
by the foil and place where they grow or are planted.

1, The ordinary lemon-tree is called malus limonia acida vulgaris.

2. Malus limonia acida, cortice tenui; the thin-rined four lemon.

3. Malus limonia acida, fruftu rotunda ; the four round lemon.

4. Malus limonia dulcis major ; the greater {weet lemon.

5. Malus limonia dulcis minor; the {maller {weet lemon, or civil lcinoth..

6. Malus limonia filveftris minima ; the \eaft wild lemon-tree.

Description. The ord inary lemon tree croweth great and high, with great _
arms and flender branches, with long greenifh thorns; the leaves are long like unto
bay leaves, but dented about the edges, and full of holes; the flowers are white

and {fweet; the fruit long and round, of a pale yellow colour; and the rind rugged
and uneven.

~

2. All the difference between this and the former is this, that the other is bigger.
‘The rind of this fecond is of a fine pale yellow colour, {moother than the firft-men-
tioned, and thinners i is full of a Pleans fharp juice, with feeds amongft it, as the
other alfo hath.

3. The tree that beareth the round lemons i is in all things hike the laft ; only'in
= this, that it hath few or no thorns upon it; and the fruit is like it, having a thin
‘ = rind, but is fomewhat rounder, with a fmall crown at the head.
= 24-4 he greater {weet lemon is greater than any of the former defcribed lemons;
= “the rind is more fmooth and yellow; and the juice more fweet and pleafant.
he This lemon is of the fame fize as the thin-rinded four lemon, and fo like, that
rd, by the outfide, to know one from the other; but this hath alittle deeper —
rind, and the juice of a fweet pleafant tafte, with a little fharpnefs.
leaft wild lemon groweth wild in frre and Egypt, andbeareth very: {mall

igger than a pigeon’s egg.
lemons are brought unto us from Spain and feveral of their iftands.
srereens, and never without bloffoms, green and ripe? —

. » Prac
Time, 7 = eve
shioiebous the ae s
, GOVERNMENT J AND Maris.” The lemons are folar, yet of different parts, a

contrary effects; they are of od ufe to refift poifon, venom, or apis 3
I ~ “ounce .

AND COMPLETE HERBAL; 231

ounce and an half of the juice of unripe lemons, drunk in wine, cleanfeth the kid-
neys of the {tone and gravel ; and killeth worms in the body, and expelleth them.

An antidote againft the plague, or any malignant or contagious difeafe, is thus
prepared. Take four ounces of the-pure juice of lemons, fteep therein an angel of
gold, or the weight thereof in leaf gold, the {pace of twenty-four hours ; then take
outthe gold, or draw the juice clear from it, and give fome of itin a draught of
wine, with a little of the powder of angelica root, unto any infected with the plague,
and, if there be any hopes of recovery, it will help them. The juice of {weet lemons
is neither fo cooling nor operative as the other. The diftilled water, drawn from
the inner pulp or white fubftance of the lemons, cleareth the fkin and face from
freckles and fpots, provokes urine, and expels the ftone, by being drunk ; helpeth
the running fcab, kills lice in the head, worms in the hands or nofe, and wheals or
pufhes inthefkin. The juice.of lemons is good for feamen, and others at fea, to
put into their beverage, to prevent the fcurvy, to which people are much fubjected
in long voyages; it is likewifé very properly ufed to quench thirft in warm climates.

An excellent remedy for feab and itch: Take a lemon, and cut it through the
middle, after putting thereon fome powder of brimftone, roaft it, either againft the
fire, or under fome embers, as you would do a warden-pear, and therewith rub the
parts troubled with itch or feabs. ;

It is alfothe beft, moft fovereign, and clear, remedy to deftroy thofe pediculi in-
guinales vulgarly called crab-lice, the parts affliéted with them being rubbed
therewith,

oA LINE, ow LINDEN-TREE.

Kinps anp Names, OF the line-tree there are accounted two forts, the male,
and the female ; and of the female alfo two forts, the greater and the fmaller. It is
called, in Latin, tilia.

Description. 1. Tikamas, the male line, sobed to be a great tree, with large
{preading boughs, but not fo much as the female, nor fo flexible, but harder and
more brittle, and of a thicker bark; the leaves are like unto elder-leaves, but
fmaller and longer; and on évery oné, for the moft part, grow {mall bladders full.
of worms that turn into flies, which, whemmatured, fly away.

This tree feldom beareth either fower or fruit, yet when it doth bear, it is round
flat hufks; many growing clofe together, each hanging on a long foot-ftalk by it-
felf, with anotch or clefrat the head. or end thereof: The wood hereof is more

Knoxty and yellower than that of the female. seen
No. 16. ap a Til

=

232 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

2. Tilia femina major. The greater female line-tree eroweth to be a larger tree
than the former (efpecially if it happen to be planted in good cround); is covered
with a dark-coloured bark, the next thereunto being very pliable to bend, having
fome other thin rinds within that ; the leaves are fair and broad, greener, fmoother,
gentler, and rounder, than elm-leaves, and with a longer end; dented about the
edges, and of a tolerable good fcent ; at the end of the branches oftentimes, “and at
the foot of the leaves, fhoot forth long and narrow whitifh leaves, along the middle
rib whereof {pringeth out a flender long ftalk, with divers white flowers thereon,
fmelling very {weet ; after which follow fmall berries, wherein is contained black
round feed ; the wood is whitifh, fmooth, and light. |

3. Tilia femina minor. The {maller linden-tree is like the laft in all things, except
that it groweth {maller in body, leaves, and flowers; the leaves are of a darker
green colour, and it beareth no fruit after the flowers.

Piacz anp Time. The greater. female kind is planted in many places in this

kingdom, in pleafant walks, it making a large fweet fhadow, and ufually flowereth
in May. The others are feldom to be met with any where in this ifland.

GovzRNMENT AND Virtuzs. There is no medicinal ufe made of the male lin-
den. The female is under the dominion of Venus, of a moderate temperature, and
fomewhat drying and aftringent ; the decoction of the leaves, got by boiling them
in water, is a good lotion to wafh the mouths of young children, or any fore mouths
that have ulcers, blifters, or cankers, in them. The leaves being pounded or.
bruifed, after boiling, and applied to the legs or feet, when {welled with the falling
down of humours, doth help them; the bark is alfo effe€tual for the fame purpole.

The flowers of the line-tree and of lilly convally diftilled together are good
againft the falling ficknefs; fo likewife is the diftilled waters of the bark ; and is
alfo ferviceable againft thofe fretting humours which occafion the bloody flux, and
griping in the guts. The water, wherein the inner bark hath been fteeped till it be-
comes thick and mucilaginous, and applied with cloths wet therein, helps burnings

_ and fealdings,
13f, LUNG-FLOWER;

THERE are feveral forts of thefe plants; and they are generally called autumn
gentians.

Description. The great autumn gentian rifeth up, according to the richnefs of
the ground, higher or lower; fometimes two feet high, at others not above one
foot; fometimes many, and others fewer, ftalks; of a brownifh green =.

: : wi

* ‘

AND COMPLETE HERBAL 233

with many long and narrow dark-green leaves, fet by couples upon them, upto the
tops, which feldom branch forth, but bear every one a large hollow flower, in moft.
of them of a deep bluifh purple colour, but in fome a little paler, ending in five
Points. The roots are numerous, fmall, and long, growing deep into the ground,
and abiding all the winter.

"2 Gentianella autumnalis fimbriate fore; autumn. gentian of Naples. This creeps
up like couch-grafs, from a long, yellowifh, fmall root, fhooting forth a few long
and narrow leaves,. like thofe of flax, but fhorter; but thofe that grow up to the
middle of. the ftalk-are larger,.and {maller again.from the middle to the top, two
fet at every joint all along, and-ftriped from. every one of the joints, on both fides, .
to the top.of the ftalk,, hich is green,.and about a foot high, at the top cometh a
purplifh green hufk, which hath. four large poiated leaves that.enclofe the flower,
which is-long and.writhed before it blows, and ofa pale blue coleur ; but, when ic.
is blown open, is of a deeper blue colour,, having, four leaves fomewhat long, and:
as it were purfled about the edges,. with a little hairinefs ; there i is alfo a fmall leaf
at the bottom of each. flower, with.a.few. yellow. threads in the middle, ftanding
about a head,. which groweth to be the feed-veffel, forked into two parts at the head,
being, greater there than. below,. and containeth. in.it very fmall black feed when.
it is-ripe..

3. Autumn gentian, with. {mall centaury. leaves,. called in Latin. Gintionella. au
timnalis, centauree minoris folio. This rifeth up with fundry ftalks fcarce a foot high,
parted into many {mall branches,. whereon do ftand two leaves together, very like.

thofe of the. fmaller centaury, not fo long as either of the former, but alittle broader
and of alighter green colour ;. at the tops of the ftalks and branches grow divers.
blue flowers,. fet in fmall long husks half-way.rifing above the tops of them ; the:
deed is fmall, and groweth in long horned veffels; the root is fmall and fibrous.

4, There is another fort with {mall centaury-like flowers, which is more fpread--
ing ;. is fmall, but. hath larger leaves and flowers than centaury; of the fame colour
as are the flowers of centaury, yet having many more, and lafteth longer. The
root, however, perifheth in winter.

§- Another: fmaller gentian, with centaury, leaves, is-very like the laft, but.
{maller, and the ftalks much lower, not being above three inches high, having.

_ many fmall branches, whereon are large blue flowers; the feed and vefiels, when»
they are ripe, are like unto the laf 5 ‘the root iss alfo fmall, but hath many — :
3 fibres than the others, - a
Puace. The firtt i is found growing in many parts of iene and many. om

f this kingdom, viz. at Gravefend; near
— countries; in’ divers’ places" 0: ; | te

ho Fae

a

24 #CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Greenhithe ; in a chalk-pit not far from Dartford; and at Cobham; all in Kent:

it groweth both in wet and dry grounds. The fecond, upon the hills in Naples, as

related by Columna. The third, in divers places in Kent, as about Southfleet, and

Longfield; alfo in Bedfordfhire; and near Old Verulam in Hartfordthire. The
- reft are {trangers here.

Time. Thefe flower not until Auguk, and thence hath the name of autumn
gentian.

GovERNMENT AND Virtues. Thefe lung-flowers, or autumn gentian, are alfo
under the dominion of Mars, as the gentian or fel-wort is ; and much of the fame
temperature in refpect to heat and drinefs; and may be ufed both inwardly and
outwardly as effectually as gentian; and where thefe are in plenty, and the other not
aly to be had, will be found an efficacious fubttitute.

They are powerful againft putrifa@ion, venom, and poifon ; the Germans ac.
count it their treacle, and formerly did make treacle with it, the ariftolochia, bay-
leaves, and other ingredients, at Jena, from whence it took the name of Jenes-
treacle, under which title it was imported into this kingdom ; and is an excellent
fpecific for all.complaints in the ftomach; a preventative againft infection from the
plague and all other infectious difeafes, and expels. the malignity thereof; preferves
the heart, and ftrengthens it againft faintings and {woonings ; which treacle was of a
bitter tafte: but that which is now commonly ufed by the vulgar people, and ge-
nerally, by them, called treacle, is very falfely denominated, being nothing elie
than the grofs dregs of fugar, left after boiling and refining thereof, and is properly
called molaffes ; which, though no wife helpful in any difeafe, is yet ufually and
greedily defired and taken by the common people as an univerfal medicine.

_ The roots of thefe gentians, being made into fine powder, and taken in wine,
either by themfelves, or with other things, as myrrh, rue, pepper, or the like, is
r... effectual remedy againft the bitings or ftingings of ferpents, or any other ve-
me nom ou Creature, and againft the bite of a mad dog, ‘being taken three or four

lays together, and the wound carefully kept open with vinegar and costco. and
Bes cleanfed and dreffed. :

The fame roots alfo, being fo taken in wine, open obftructions of the liver, and
help fach as are liver-grown. It eafeth pains in the ftomach, and helpeth fuch as
cannot keep or rélith their meat, or have loft their appetite. It refrefheth fuch as
are fatigued with travelling ; being fteeped in wine and drunk, it helps fuch as are
Jame in their joints owing to cold.or bad lodging; and is effeétual for pains, ftitches,
and prickings, in the fides; and is alfo good for thofe who are bruifed by ve it

poficfling

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 235

pofieffing the virtue of diffolving congealed blood, ‘and eafing the pain occafiorted
thereby, The,root is likewife held to be good againft agues, when taken in any
other liquor but wine; the diftilled water of the herb is equally ufeful. - |

ZIFF LUPINES.

Kinps anp Names. There are feveral kinds of lupines, as, the great white
lupine, called Jupinus fativus albus. The {potted white lupine, called lupinus alter
albus ; and the fmalleft blue lupine, called lupinus minimus ceruleus.

Description. 1. The great white lupine rifeth up with a ftrong, upright,
round, woolly, ftalk, fet confufedly with divers foft woolly leaves. upon long foot-
ftalks, each being divided into feveral parts, narrow, long, and foft, greenith on the
upper fide, and woolly underneath ; the main ftalk is divided into two parts, after
the flowers are grown from the uppermoft joint, and are like unto the great garden
bean, but wholly white without any fpot; after the flowers come long, foft, woolly
ftalks, containing in them flat white leaves, fomewhat yellowith within, of a very
bitter tafte. The root is long, hard, and fibrous, and perifheth every winter.

2. The fpotted white lupine differeth from the former in the greatnefs and in the
flower, which is {potted with blue onthe head of the innermoft leaves, and the hol-
low of the uppermoft. ; aa wet’ a geet

3. The fmalleft blue lupine is very like the other blue lupine ; but fmaller, both
ftalks and leaves ; the flowers are blue, and the feed a little fpotted.

“Prace. They grow naturally wild, but in England only are planted in gardens,
Time. The lupines flower in July and Auguft, and the feed is ripe foon after.

Government anp Virrves. Lupines are under the dominion of Mars: and. .
have an opening, cleanfing, diffolving, and digeftive, property ; but, if they be
Rleeped in water until they have loft their bitternefs, they may be eaten ; however they
are very hard to digeft, breed crofs humours, and pafs flowly through the belly,
yet do Not ftop any flux; if they ‘be fo fteeped, and afterwards dried and taken with
vinegar, they provoke appetite, and help the loathing of the ftomach tomeat. The

Gion of lupines, taken with honey, opens obftructions of the liver-‘and
tpleen, provokes urine’ and the terms, ‘and expelleth the dead child, when taken
with myrth, Tt alfo cleareth the body of fcabs, morphew, cankers, tetters, ‘and
settee ulcers or 4ores; alfo cleanfeth the face; taketh away the marks or pits

hich the fmali-pox leaves behind it; and cleareth the fkin of marks, and black
No. 16. | pl

ee
a
‘ 2 eae. 54 yy

eg

436 CULPEPER’s‘ ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

. Ain ointment of lupines, to beautify and.make the face {mooth, is made in the
following manner: Take the meal of lupines, the gall of a goat or fheep, juice of
lemons, and a hale alumen facchatinum, and mingle them into the form of a foft
ointment.

The meal of lupines, boiled: in-vinegat and applied tothe parts, taketh away
knobs, kernels, or pimples.. T he fhells. being burnt, the fmoke thereof. drives
away gnats and fites. | | .

| ie slo “MA DDER.

Description. Garden- madder thooteth forth imany very Tong’ weak, ee
fquare, reddifh ftalks, trailing’on the ground a great’ way, very rough and hairy, and
full of joints, at ‘every one of which come ‘forth divers long and fomewhat narrow

_ leaves, ftanding like a ftar about the ftalks': ; rough alfo and hairy, toward the tops
whereof come foftth many fmall pale yellow flowers 5 5 after which come fmall round
heads, green at firft, and reddifh afterwards, but black when they are ripe, wherein —

_ Is contained the feed. The’ root*is not very reat, though about a yard long,
fpreading divers ways, and is of a clear red colour while it is freth.

Pract. | Itis cultivated-in gardens orlarge fields, onaccount of the profits.

Time. It flowereth toward the Say of fummer, and the feed i is ripe quickly
after. fembsuc. 7 OOigul »

GoveRNMENT AND Vikubes It is an herb of Mars; hath an oe aaa
but afterwards binds and ftrengthens; is an affured remedy for the yellow jaundice
by. opening the obftrudtions of ‘the liver and gall, and cleanfing thofe parts 9 it
epencth alfo theobftructions of the ipleen, and diminitheth the melancholic humour -

= It is available for the palfy and fciatica ; is ‘effectual for. inward and outward

= “Inaies, and is therefore much uféd in vulnerary drinks. The root, for all. thof

id purpofes, is to be boiled in wine or water, as the cafe requireth, and fome
: fugat put thereunto afterwards. 43 ‘he feed hereof, taken with vinegar. and
elp th the fwelling and hardnefs of the fpleen, The decoétian of the leaves.
$a ‘good fornéntation for women to fit over that haye not their courles.
The leaves and ‘Toots, | beaten and applied to any part thatis difcoloured with

freckles, ‘mo morp ew, 1 , the white fcurf, or any fuch deformity of the Giins cleanfets
and: ‘thoroughly aketh them away.
» The root of this mad der, holden in the ts while freth, will, ‘vanes a ‘perfon

makes water, change it to the colour of blood.
NDE °

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 237

MAIDEN-HAIR,

- Description. THE common maiden hair doth, from a number of black hard
fibres, fend forth a great many blackifh fhining brittle ftalks, hardly a fpan long;
in many not half fo long; on each fide fet very thick with fmall round dark-green
leaves, {potted on the back. of them like other ferns.

Prace. It groweth much upon old {tone walls in the weftern parts of England ; —
in Wales, in Kent, and divers other places. It is to be found, in great abundance,
by the fides of {prings, wells, and.on the rockey, moift, and fhadowy, places; and is
always green, — a :

“WALL-RUE, or ordinary WHITE MAIDEN-HAIR,

Description. THIS hath very fine pale-green ftalks almoft as fine as hairs,
fet confufedly with divers pale-green leaves on very fhort foot-ftalks, fomewhat fimi-
lar to the colour of garden rue, and not much differing in form, but more diverfely’
cut in on the edges, and thicker; fmooth on the upper part, and {potted finely
underneath, : Be : ;
Puace. It growethin many parts of the kingdom ; at Dartford, and the Bridge
atvAthford,, both in Kents at Beaconsfield, in Buckinghambhire ; on Framlingham
caitle, in Suffolk; on the church-walls at Mayfield, in Suflex ; in Somerfethhire;
and divers other parts. It is green in winter as well as fummer. ets
‘GovernmenT anbd’Virtuts.. Both this and the former are under the dominion
of Mercury, and fo.is that alfo which follows after; and the virtues of both are fo
nearly alike, that defcribing thofe of the one.will equally anfwer the other, =. >
~ Phe decoction of the herb. maiden-hair, being drunk, relieveth thofe that are
troubled with a cough, fhortnefs, of breath, the yellow jaundice, difeafes of the
fpleen, ftoppaze of urine, and, helpeth; exceedingly to break the tone in'the kid-
_ heys, (in all which cafes the wall-rue is alfo very effectual). It provoketh women’s
courfes, and. ftayeth both bleedings and fluxes of the ftomach and belly, efpecially - .
when the herb is dry ; but, when green, it openeth the body, voideth choler and
phlegm from the ftomach and liver; it cleanfeth the lungs, and by rectifying the
blood, caufeth a good colour tothe whole body.. The herb, boiled in oi] of camo-
mile,, diffolveth knots, allayeth. {wellings, and drieth up moilt ulcers. The lye
made thereof is. fingularly good to cleanfe the head from fcurf, and from-dry and gas

| eee. foress ftayeth the falling or thedding! of the hair, and caufeth it tog

nati

Jair, and well-coloured ; for which purpofe fome boil it in wing, pt

238 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

~ fome fmallage feed thereto, and afterwards fome oil. The wall-rue is as effectual as
maiden-hair in all difeafes of the head, preventing baldnefs, and caufing the hair to
grow again; and generally for all the aforefaid difeafes.. The powder of it, taken
in drink for forty days together, helpeth the ruptures in children.

GOLDEN MAIDEN-HAIR.

TO the two former this may be added, which poffeffing the fame virtues, it is
therefore needlefs to repeat them. |
Description. It hath many {mall brownifh-red hairs to make up the form of
_ Jeaves growing about the ground from the root ;- and in the middle of them, in fum-
mer, rife fmall ftalks of the fame colour, fet with very fine yellowifh-green hairs on
them, and bearing a fmall gold yellow head, fmaller than a wheat-corn, ftanding in
a great hufk. The root is very {mall and threaddy.
Prace. It groweth on bogs and marfhy grounds, and alfo on dry fhadowy
places ; at Hampftead-heath and elfewhere,

440 MALLOWS and MARSH-MALLOWS. ¥

_ COMMON mallows are generally fo well known that they need no defcription.
_ The common marfh-mallows have divers foft, hoary, white, ftalks, rifing to the -
height of three or four feet, fpreading forth many branches, the leaves whereof are
{oft and hairy, fomewhat fmaller than the other mallow leaves, but longer pointed,

ut (for the moft part) into fome few divifions, but deep. The flowers are many,

but fmaller alfo than the other mallows, and white, or tending to a blafh colours
after which come fuch-like round cafes and feed as in the other mallows. The
‘Toots are many and long, fhooting from one head, of the bignefs of a thumb or
finger, very pliant, count; and bending, like Jiquorice, of a whitifh yellow colour
: ‘on the outfide, and more white within, fall of 2 flimy juice, which; being faid in
: will render it as thick as jelly.

z, The common mallows grow in every county in the kingdom. The
common marfh-mallows grow in moft of the falt marfhes from Woolwich down t0
_ the fea, both on the Kentith and Effex thores, and in many other places.

_ Time. They ; are in flower all the fummer months, and continue till winter.

GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. Venus owns them both: The leaves of either of
the forts before fpecified, and the roots alfo, boiled in wine or water, or in broth,
with parfley or fennel roots, do help to open the body, and are very convenient
hot agues, or F other: Cian the body; if the leaves, fo boiled, be applied

warm

AND COMPLETE HERBAL.) > #3

warm to the belly, itnot only voideth hor,’ choleric, and other offenfive, humours,

but eafeth the pains and. torments of the beliy°coming thereby ; and are therefore:
ufed in all clyfters conducing to thofe purpofes. The fame thedicine, when afed by-
nurfes, procureth them ftore of milk. The decoction of the feed of any of the’

~ common mallows, made in milk’or wine, ‘doth exceedingly help excoriations, ‘the
phthific, pleurify, and other. difeafes'of the cheit’and-lungs that proceed from hort
caufes, #f continued to be taken for any length of time: The leaves and root have
the fameeffects. They help much/alfo in excoriations of . the guts and bowels, and
.hardnefs of the mother, and in all/hot and tharp difeafes thereof.’ The juice drunk —
in wine,’ or the decoction of them therein, help women to more fpeédy-and eafy de-
livery. | Pliny faith, that-whoever takes.a-fpoonful of any of the mallows fhall-that
day be free from all difeafes whatfoever, and that it is‘agood fpecific forthe falling-
“ficknefs: "The fyrup alfo, and conferve made of the flowers,: are very effeGtual for
the fame difeafes, and to open-the body when coftive. . The leaves, bruifed and laid
to the eyes’ with a little honey, taketh:away the impofthumation of them,’ The
leaves bruifed or rubbed upon any place ftung with bees; -wafps; or thelike, prefently
taketh away the pains} rednefs, and fwellings, ‘that arife therefrom! Diofcorides
faith, the decoétion of the eaves and roots helpeth all forts‘of poifon; ‘provided .the
poifon is direétly voided by vomiting. .A poultice’ made: of the leaves;: boiled and
bruifed,, to which is added fome bean.or /barley-flour,.and:oil of rofes,,-is ‘an’ efpes
Cial remedy. againft all hard: tumours, | inflammations, or impofthumes;; fwellings of
the tefticles, and other parts, and eafeth;the: pains of them; alfoy,againtt the hard.

~ Snefs of the liver or fpleen, on being applied to the affected »places. ~The juice) of
mallows, boiled in old oil, taketh away all roughnefs of the fkin, as alfo the fcurf,

dandriff, or dry feabs on the head, or other parts, - if ai therewith, or wafhed
with the decoétion ; and preferveth the hair tia fall of, It is alfo effeftual
_ againft fcaldings and burnings, St. Anthony’s fire, and all: other hot,redy and pain-
ful; fwellings in any part of the body. The flowers’ boiled in oil or, water (as.every
one is difpofed), with a little honey and allum put thereto, isan excellent gargle, to
wath, cleanfe, and heal, any fore mouth or throat, in a fhort fpace. If the feet be
- bathed or wathed with the decoétion of the leaves, roots, and flowers, it helpeth
much the defluxions of rheum from the head. If the head be wafhed therewith, it
Preventeth baldnefs. “Phé greett leaves (faith Pliny, Beaten with nitre and applied
to the part, draw out thorns or ps ‘icks in the fleth 5 and, in fhort, there is.no wou
external of in ter nal 1, for wh which this is not afovercign remedy. nieroraieal

| The marfh. Hc ows are mott effectual in all the difeates, before-mentioned, ” T he
: leaves are likewite led to loofent the belly gently, and i in decostions for cly Jim)
bal 17, * i Ro

240 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

eafe all pains of the body, opening the ftraight paflages, and making them flippery;
whereby the ftone may defcend the more eafily, and without pain, out of the reins,
kidneys, and bladder, and to eafe the torturing pains thereof ; but the roots are of
more fpecial ufe for thofe purpofes, as well as for coughs, hoarfenefg, fhortnefs of
breath, and wheefings, being boiled in wine or honeyed water, and drunk.~The—
roots and feeds hereof, boiled in wine or water, are with good fuccefs ufed by them
that have excoriations in the guts, or the bloody flux, by moderating the violence
of fharp fretting humours, eafing the pains, and healing the forenefs; it is fuccefs-
fully taken by them, that are troubled with ruptures, cramps, or convulGions of the
finews ; and, when boiled in white wine, for impofthumes of the throat, commonly
called the king’s evil, and of thofe kernels. that rife behind the ears, as well as in-
flammations or fwellings in women’s breafts, The dried roots, boiled in-milk, and
drunk, is very good for the chin-cough. Hippocrates ufed to give the decoétion of“
the roots, or the juice thereof, to drink, to thofe that were wounded and. ready to
faint through lofs of blood, and applied the fame, mixed with honey. and rofin, to
the wounds; as alfo the roots, boiled in wine, to thofe that had received any hurt
by bruifes, falls, or blows ; or had any bone or member.out of joint, or any fwell-
ing, pain, or ach, in the mufcles, finews, or arteries, The mucilage.of the roots,
and of linfeed and fenugreek put together, is much ufed in poultices, ointments,
and plaifters, to mollify and digeft all hard fwellings and the inflammation of them,
and to eafe pains in any part of the: body. The feed, either green or dry, mixed
with vinegar, cleanfeth.the skin from ascii and all other difcolourings, being
bashed. therewith.in the fun, J

: Opes ve TREE.

pi demaerct anp Virtues. IT: is under the cbiices of Jupiter. The de-
coétion either of the leaves or bark, greatly ftrengthens the liver, it is exceeding
god to open obftruftons both ofthe liver and Spleens and eaeth pains ofthe Hides

Bas. zi. 219008

| Dad)

“eee Much be OR at

| bei Sea pa origanum, baftard marjoram, and grove marjoram.
Description. ‘Wild of field marjoram hath a root which cteepeth much under
ground, and continue on} ‘time, fending up ‘fandry brownifh, hard, fquare,

ftalks, with {mall dark-g -green leaves, very like thofe of {weet marjoram, but ae

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 21

and fomewhat broader; at the tops of the ftalks. ftand tufts of flowers, of deep
purplifh red colour; the feed is fmall, and fomething blacker than that of {weet
marjoram.

Piacz. It groweth plentifully onthe borders of corn-fields, and in fome copfes.

Timez. It flowereth toward the latter end of fammer.

GoveRNMENT AND Virtuzs. This is under the dominion of Mercury. It
ftrengthens the ftomach and head much, there being fcarce a better remedy growing
for fuch as are troubled with a four humour in their ftomach 3 it reftores loft ap-
petite; helps the cough, and confumption of the lungs ;. it cleanfeth the body of
choler, expelleth poifon, and remedieth the infirmities of the fpleen ; helps the bit-
ings of venomous beafts, and fuch as have poifoned themfelves by eating hemlock,
henbane, or opium ; it provoketh urine, and the terms in women ; helps the dropfy,
feurvy, feabs, itch, and the yellow jaundice; the juice being dropped into the
cars, relieves deafnefs, pain, and noife in the ears. There is a deadly antipathy be-
tween this herb and the adder.

L247 SWEET MARJORAM.

SWEET marjoram is fo well known, being an inhabitant in every garden, that
it is needlefs to write any defcription either of this, the winter {weet marjoram, of
pot-marjoram.

Prace. They grow corhmonly in gardens, though there are fome forts to be

found growing wild, on the borders of corn-fields and paftures in various Parts of
the kingdom; yet it would be fuperfluous to detail them, thofe produced in gardens
being moft ufeful. | 3 :

Timz. They flower in the end of fummer. | |

GovernMENT anv Virtues. It is an-herbof Mercury, under Aries, and is
therefore an excellent remedy for the brain, and other parts of the body and mind
under the dominion of the fame planet. The common fweet marjoram is warming
and:comfortable in cold difeafes of the head, ftomach, finews, and other parts, taken
inwardly, or outwardly applied. The decoction thereof, being drunk, helpe th all
difeafes of the cheft which hinder the freenefs of breathing, and is alfo ferviceable in
obftructions of the liverjand fpleen. It helpeth cold complaints of the womb, and
the windinefs thereof ; alfo. the lofs.of fpeech, by refolution of the tongue. The de-
Coction thereof. made with fome pellitory of Spain and long pepper, or with a little
“Oras OF origanum, being drunk, is.good for thofe that are beginning to fall into a

dropfy.; for. thofe who are troubled with.a retention of water, and againit pains and

242 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

torments in the belly it provoketh women’s courfes, if it be ufed as a peffary,
Being made into powder, and mixed with honey, it taketh away the black marks of
blows and bruifes, by applying it tothe part. It is alfo good for inflammations.of,
and water in, the eyes, being mixed with fine flour, and laid upon'them. - The juice, —
dropped into the ears, eafeth the pains and finging noife in them. It is of great fer-
vice when put into thofe ointments and falves that are made to warm. and comfdrt
the outward parts, as the joints and finews ; for fwellings alfo, and ‘places out of joint.
The. powder thereof, fnuffed up into the nofe, provoketh {neezing, and thereby.
purgeth the brain; when chewed in the mouth, it produceth much phlegm.. The _
~ oil extracted from this herb is very warm and comfortable to: joints and finews that
are {iff and hard, tending to molify and fupple them. Marjoram is likewife much
vies in — odoriferous waters, ee Se.

tes

NAb ofS etG:0 bees Paes apie Pe

THESE, being fo plentiful in almoft every garden, are fo well known, that they —
need no defcription. , . a .
Time. They flower all tle furamer Jong, and fometimes in winter, if it be mild.
> GoveRNMENT AND VirTUES. Tt is an herb of the Sun, and under Leo. They
ftrengthen the heart exceedingly, are very expulfive, | and little lefs effectual, in the
‘fmall-pox and meafles, than faffron. The juice of marigold leaves mixed with vine-
gar, by bathing any hot fwelling therewith, inftantly giveth eafe, and affwageth the
pain, The flowers, either green or dried, are much ufed in poffets, broths and —
drinks, being comfortable to the heart and {pirits, and expelling any malignant or
peftilential quality which might annoy them. A plaifter made with the dry ate
in powder, hogs-greafe, turpentine, and rofin; applied to the breait, firspethens and
faccours the heart greatly, in fevers, whence epidemics? or not. :

MASTER. WORT. a, —.
scription. COMMON matter-wort hath divers ftalks of winged seevealil
andry parts, three for the moft part ftanding together at a {mall feot-
= mn both fides of the greater; and three likewife at the end of the ftalk, fome-
_ what bro: ut in on the edges into three or more divifions, all of them dented

fica, but that thele grow lower to the ground, and on fialler talks ; among which
A r three fhort ftalks, about two feet high, and lender, with leaves 6
beloy > but with fimaller and fewer divilions, pearing

fadark-green colour, fomewhat refembling the leaves of ange

, Miley, Pie Moccia.

WildMary eran, Sweet Marjoram:

eg te, P
lom oe Gp Mofi,

| Bde #4

Medlar, Sweet Melilot with hoohedlods PrenchMercury; Dog Mercury,

nore , Mouse Ear,

-

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 243

5
umbels of white flowers; and, after them, fmall, thinyeflat,, blackith feed, larger
than dil-feeds ; the root is fomewhat greater, and groweth lanting i into the ground,
fhooting forth fundey heads, which taftefharp, biting the tongue, and is the hottet
and fharpeft part of the plant; the feed, next unto it, being fomewhat blackifh on
the outfide, and {melling well.

Prace. Itis ufually grown in gardens in this kingdom.

Time. It flowereth and feedeth about the end of Augutt.
- Description AnD Namgs. It is an herb of Mars. The root of mafter-wort is
hotter than pepper, and very available in all cold eriefs and ‘difeafes both of the
ftomach and body, operating very powerfully both upwards and downwards, It is
alfo ufed in a decoction, with wine, againft all cold rheums, or dittillations upon
the lungs, and fhortnefs of breath, if taken mornings and evenings. It alfo pro-
_voketh urine ; helps to break the ftone, and expel the gravel from the kidneys ;
procureth women’s courfes, and expelleth the dead birth: is fingularly good for
ftrangling of the mother, and other fimilar feminine difeafes. It is effectual againit
the dropfy, cramps, and the falling ficknefs.- The decoétion, in wine, being
gargled in the mouth, extracteth much water and phlegm from the brain, purging
and eafing it of what oppreffeth it, It is an excellent remedy againtt all forts of cold
poifon ; it provoketh fweat: but, left the tafte hereof or of the feed (which work-
eth to the like effet, though not fo powerfully) fhould be too offenfive, the bett
Way is to take the water diftilled from both the root and herb. The juice thereof,
Or tents dipped therein, applied either to green wounds or to filthy rotten.
ulcers, and fuch as are given by envenomed weapons, doth very foon cleanfe and
heal them. [t is alfo a very good preventative againft the rheumatifm and gout,
when they originate from cold.

SWEET MAUDLIN.

Description. COMMON maudlin has fomewhat long and narrow leaves,
{nipped about the edges; the ftalks are two feet high, bearing at the tops many
yellow flowers, fet round together, and all of an equal height, in umbels, with
tufts like tanfy, after which flowereth fmall whitith feed, almoft as big as worm-
feed. ‘This herb is both fweet and bitter.
Piacz anp Time, It groweth in gardens, and flowereth in June and de. :
Government AND Virtues. The virtues of this herb are {jmilar to that of:
Softmary, or alecoft ; it is therefore unneceffary to repeat them.

No. 17, 3S

244. CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

tHE MEDLAR:

’ Description. THIS tree groweth near the bignefs of the quince-tree, with
tolerably. large fpreading branches; longer and narrower leafed than either the
apple or quince, and not dented about the edges. At the end of the {prigs ftand
the flowers, formed of five white, great, broad-pointed, leaves, marked in the
middle with fome white threads ; after which cometh the fruit, of a-brownifh green
colour, when ripe, bearing the refemblance of a crown on the top, which was ori-
ginally the five green leaves; and, being rubbed off, or having fallen away, the
head of the fruit appears fomewhat hollow. The fruit is very harth before it is
mellow, and ufually hath five hard kernels within it.

There is another kind hereof, differing in nothing from the former, but that it
hath fome thorns on it, in feveral places, which the other hath not ; and the fruit is
fmall, and not fo pleafant.

Time anp Pracz. They grow in this kingdom, and flower in May generally ;
they bear ripe fruit in September and October, ,

GovERNMENT aND Virtuzs. This tree is under Saturn. A better medicine for
ftrengthening the retentive faculties is hardly to be met with ; it ftays the longing of
women. A plaifter made of the fruit, before they are rotten, with other neceflary
ingredients, applied to the reins of the back, {tops the mifcarriage of women with
child. They are very powerful in ftaying any fluxes of the blood, or humours, in
men or women. The leaves have alfo the fame quality. The fruit, when eaten by

ys women with child, ftayeth their longings after unufual meat, and is very effectual

for thofe who are apt to mifcarry. The decoétion of them is good to gargle and

wath the mouth, throat, and teeth ; when there is any defluxion of blood, to ftay

‘it, or of humours which caufeth pains and fwellings. Iti is a good bath for women

Ses to fit over that have their courfes flow too abundantly; or for the piles, when they

sae too much. A poultice or plaifter, made of dried medlars, beaten and mixed

the juice of red rofes, a few cloves, fome nutmeg, and a little red coral, and

the ftomach, effectually. preventeth the cafting or loathing of meat. The

ves in powder, ftrewed on frefh bleeding wounds, reftrain the blood

and clofe the wound quickly. The medlar ftones, made into powder, and drunk

| wherein fome parfley-roots have been infufed, ora little boiled, help to

: break and expel thé ‘al in the Eisorys, ‘and is a perfect cure for the gravel i in the
SS ba “soft obfinate cafes,

e +
ig.

2 MELILOT,

AND COMPLETE HERBAL; 245

MELILOT, orn KING's-CHAFER.

Description. THIS hath many green ftalks, two or three feet high, rifing
from atough, long, white, root, which dieth not every year; fet round about at
the joints with {mall, and fomewhat long, {weet-fmelling leaves, three together,
unevenly dented about the edges. The flowers are yellow, alfo of a fweet fcent,
and formed like other trefoil, but fmall, ftanding in {mall fpikes, one above ano-
ther, for an hand’s-breadth long, or more, which afterwards turn into long crooked
pods, wherein is contained flat feed, fomewhat brown.

Prace. It groweth plentifully in many parts of this kingdom ; on the borders of _
Suffolk ; in Effex, Huntingdonfhire, and many other places ; but moft ufually in
corn-fields and corners of meadows. ee

Time. Itflowereth in June and July, and is ripe quickly after.

GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. Melilot, boiled in wine, and applied tothe parts,
mollifies all hard tumours and inflammations that pA Kid eye, or other. parts
of the body ;. and it is not unufual, in fuch cafes, to add the yolk of a roafted ege,
fine flour, poppy-feed, or endive. It healeth fpreading ulcers in the head, being |
wafhed with lye made thereof; being applied freth, or boiled with any of the afore-
named articles, it relieves pains in the ftomach ; it alfo helpeth pains in the ears, be-
ing dropped intothem ; and, fteeped in vinegar and rofe-water, it mitigateth the
head-ach. The flowers of melilot and camomile are frequently mixed in clyfters
to expel wind and to eafe pains; alfointo poultices, for the fame purpofe; and to
affuage fwellings or tumours in the fpleen, or other parts; -and helpeth inflamma:
tions in any part of the body. The juice, dropped into the eyes, is a fingular good
medicine, to take away any film or fkin that cloudeth or dimmeth the eye-fight.
The head often wafhed with the diftilled water of the herb and flowers, or a lye
made therewith, is effectual for thofe that have fuddenly loft their fenfes; as alfo
to ftrengthen the memory, comfort the head and brain, and to preferve them from

Pains and the apoplexy. eo

Sags ; = = FR E NCH ann D OG’s MERCURY. jo

Deseriprion, THIS rifeth up with a fquare green ftalk, full of joints, two :
feet high or thereabouts, with two leaves at every joint, and branches likewife from
both fides of the ftalk, fet with frefh green leaves, fomewhat broad and long, about ut
the bignels of the leaves of bafil, finely dented about the edges, Towards the tops

246 CULPEPER's ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

of the ftalks and branches, come forth, at every joint, in the male mercury, two
fmall, round, green, heads, ftanding together upon a fhort footftalk, which, when
ripe, are the feed, not bearing any flower. In the female, the ftalk is longer, {pike
fathion, fet round about with fmall green hufks, which are the flowers, made like
fall branches of grapes, which give no feed, but remain long upon the ftalk with-
out fhedding, The rootis compofed of many fmall fibres, -which perifheth every
year on the approach of winter ; it rifeth again of its own fowing, and, where it is.
once fuffered to fow itfelf, the ground will never be without it afterwards, e ven of
both forts, male and female. |
French mercury helps conception. otis. in his book of the nature of plants,
- fays, that the juice of mercury, holyhock, and purflain, mixed together, and the
hand. bathed therein, defendeth them from burning, if they are thruft into boiling
lead. This is what fhew-men and merry-andrews bathe their mouths with, when
they pretend to eat fire.

FS vows MERCURY.

HAVING defcribed that which is called French mercury, we come now to

~ that which is known by the defignation of Dog’s mercury.

Description. This is likewifeof two kinds, male and female, having many ftalks,
flenderer and lower than mercury, and without any branches at all upon them. The
root is fet with two leaves at every joint, fomewhat greater than the female, but
more pointed and full of veins ; fomewhat harder in handling; of a darker green.
colour, and lefs dented or fnipped about theedges. Atthe joints, with the leaves,

come forth longer ftalks than the former, with two hairy round feeds upon them,
twice as big as thofe of the former mercury. The tafte thereof is harfh, and the
et felt iinewhat ftrong and virulent. The female has much harder leaves, ftanding
longer foot-{talks, and the ftalks are alfo longer. Fromthe joints come forth
‘of flowers fimilar tothofe of the French female mercury. The roots of both
ere ae and full of {mall fibres, =. run under aiegs and mat them-

the kingdom : pai
~ county of. Kent.

The dog’s mercury is to oe Seat in various parts of Kent, and elfewhere 5 but
the female is more feldom to be met with than the male.

; ay at awelaic called Brookland, in seas , inthe 5

TIME.

.

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 247

Time. They flourith in the fummer months, and then produce their feed.

GovERNMENT AND Virtues. Mercury, it is faid, ownsthis herb, but we are of
opinion that it is under the dominion of Venus. The decoction of the leaves of
mercury, or the juice thereof, in broth, or drunk witha little fugar put to it, purgeth
choleric and watery humours. Hippocrates commendeth it wonderfully for wo-
men’s difeafes ; when applied to the fecret parts, it eafeth the pains of the mother : 3
and, when ufed as a decoction, helps women’s courfes, and expels the after-birth ; the
decoétion, mixed with myrrh or pepper, or applying the leaves externally, is effec-
tual again{t the ftranguary and difeafes of the reins and bladder. It is alfo ufeful
for fore and watery eyes, and for deafnefS and pains in the ears, by dropping the
juice into them, and bathing them afterwards in white wine. The decoétion thereof
made with water and a cock chicken, isa fafe medicine againft hot fits of the ague.
It alfo cleanfeth the lungs and ftomach of phlegm, though rather offenfive to the
ftomach. -The juice, or diftilled water, fnuffed up intothe noftrils, purgeth the
head and eyes of catarrhs and rheums, Two or three ounces of the diftilled water,
with alittle fugar, are fometimes taken, in the morning, fafting, to open and purge
the body of grofs, vifcous, and melancholy, humours. What Diofcorides and Theo-
phraftus relate of this herbis truly wonderful, if not fabulous, viz. that, if women
ufe them, either inwardly or outwardly, for three days together, after conception,
and their menfes be ftopped, they fhall bring forth male or female children accor-
ding to the kind of herb which they ufe. Mathiolus faith, that the feed, both of the
male and female mercury, boiled with wormwood, and drunk,*cureth the yellow
jaundice in a fpeedy manner. The leaves, orthe juice, rubbed upon warts, taketh
them away. The juice, mixed withfome vinegar, helpeth all running fcabs, tet-
ters, ring-worms, and theitch. Galen faith, that being applied, in the manner of a
poultice, to any fwelling or inflammation, it digefteth the fwelling, and allayeth the
inflammation ; and is therefore given in clyfters to evacuate offenfive humours from
the belly. Dog’s*mercury, though lefs ufed, is notwithitanding ferviceable in

Purging off oe and. paglegs humours.

. ed EM See aes 2

ESCRIPI 10N, OF all the kinds of mints, the fpear-mint, or hart- mint,’ sie ae
ufef 5 the defcription thereof will therefore be fufficient. Spear-minthathdi- ~

_vers round long ftalks, but narrow leaves fet thereon; of a dark green colour. ie
The flowers ftand in fpiked heads at the tops of the branches, being of a pale lait Ze
Colour. ~The {mell or {cent thereof is fomewhat fimilar to bafil , itincreafethbythe

root, “under ground, as all the others do. |
No, 17:

cto: és er Pace.

"oe CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Prace. It is an ufuai inhabitantof gardens ; and, though it feldom giveth any
good feed, yet this defect is recompenfed by the plentiful increafe of the root, which
being once planted in a garden, is hardly to be eradicated. It flowers in Auguft. |

GovERNMENT anD Virtues. It isan herbof Venus. Diofcorides faith, it hath
a heating, binding, and drying, quality ; therefore the j juice, taken with vinegar,
ftayeth bleeding ; it is an incentive to venery and bodily luft. Two or three
branches thereof, taken with the juice of four pomegranates ftayeth the hiccough,
vomiting, and allayeth choler. It diffolveth impofthumes, being applied with bar-
ley-meal. It is good to reprefs the milk in women’s breafts ; and for fuch as have
fwoln, flagging, or large, breafts. Applied with falt, it helpeth the bite of a mad
dog ; with mead or honeyed water, it eafeth the pains of theears, and taketh away
the roughnefs of the tongue, being rubbed thereupon. If the leaves are boiled or
fteeped in milk before drinking, it hindereth the curdling thereof on the ftomach.
In fhort, it is a very powerful ftomachic. The frequent ufé hereof is very efficacious
_in flopping women’s courfes and the whites. Applied to the forehead or temples,
it eafeth pains of the head ; it is good to wath the heads of young children, being a
preventative againft all manner of breakings out, fores, or fcabs, thereon; it alfo
healeth chops in the fundament, and is exceedingly ufeful again{ft the poifon of ve-
nomous creatures. The diftilled water from mint, is available for all the purpofes
aforefaid, yet more weakly ; but the {pirit thereof, when properly and chemically
drawn, is much more powerful than the herb itfelf. Simeon Sethi faith, it helps .
eth acold liver ; ftrengtheneth the belly and ftomach ; caufeth digeftion; ftayeth
‘vomiting and the hiccough; is good againft the gnawing of the heart; provoketh
| appetite ; taketh away obftructions of the liver, and ftirreth up bodily luft; but
it muft not be taken in too great quantities, as it tends to make the blood thin and
--wheyifh, and turneth it into choler; therefore choleric people muft abftain from it.
| is afafe medicine for the bite of a mad * dog, being bruifed with falt, and applied
wound, The powder of it, being dried, and taken-after victuals, helpeth
digeftion, and thofe that are fplenetic. - Taken in wine, it helpeth women in fore
vail child- bearing. It is good againft the gravel and ftone in the kidneys, and
nguary. Being {melled unto, it is comfortable FeXthe head and memory.
The decoctio thereof, when ufed asa gargle, cureth the mouth and gums, when
“fore. and helpeth. -ftinking breath ; when mixed with Tue and coriander, alfo ufed
_* For the bite ofa mad do 9 pepanttior’ Ss Solar Tinéture combines all the virtues of this and other
{uch herbs, and is an infallible remedy, whether the bite is received by man or beatt. Let the part
"bitten be wathed clean out, after which, pour the Tin@ture in and round the affe&ted part, and
awherever the hydrophobia is fuppofed to have fallen. Bind on fome lint dipped three oF four 3

times, and leta few drops beeen frequently j in a wine ‘glafs of water. ing

AND COMPLETE HERBAL 249

asagargle, it caufeth the palate of the mouth to return to its place, when down.
‘Mint, faith Pliny, exhilarates the mind, and is therefore proper for the ftudious.
_ When put into any veffel containing milk, it hindereth the curdling thereof, and
-no butter can be got therefrom.

The virtues of the wild or horfe mint, which grows in ditches, and by the fides of
rivers (the defcription which is unneceflary, being fo well known), are efpecially
todiffolve wind in the ftomach, to help the cholic, and thofe that are fhort-winded,
andare an effectual remedy againft venereal dreams and pollutions in the night, be-
ing outwardly applied to thetefticles. The juice dropped into the ears eafeth the
pains thereof and deftroyeth the worms that breed therein. ‘They are good againft
the venomous biting of ferpents. The juice, laid on warm, helpeth the king’s-evil,
or kernels inthe throat. The decoction, or diftilled water, helpeth a ftinking
breath proceeding from the corruption of the teeth; and, fnuffed up into the nofe,
purgeth the head. Pliny faith, that eating of the leaves, and applying fome of
them tothe face, have been found, by experience, to cure the leprofy,. ane when |
ufed with vinegar, to help the fcurf or dandriff of the head. ue

They areextremely bad for wounded people, it being es that whoever eats
mint, when wounded, willnever be cured.

WELZ MISLETOE.
Description. This rifeth up from the branch or arm of the re e.whereon ‘t
Broweth, with a woody ftem, parting itfelf into fundry branches, and they are again
divided into many other fmaller twigs, interlacing themfelves one within another,
very much covered with a greyifh green bark, having two leaves fet at every joint,
and at the end likewife, which are fomewhat long and narrow, {mall at the. bottom,
but broader towards the end. At the knots or joints of the boughs and branches
grow fmall yellowifh flowers, which turn into fmall, round, white, tranfparent, ber-
Ties, three or four together, full of glutinous moifture, witha blackifh feed in each
of them, which was never yet known to produce any thing, though planted in ga
dens, and other places, for the purpofe of trying it. “*

Prace, It groweth very rarely on oak-trees in this kingdom, but upon fundry
others, as well timber as fruit trees ; and is to be met with in woods, groves, @ec, ,
Time. Te flowereth i in the {pring time, but the berries are not ripe until G oghan
tining on the branches, ferve the birds for food in fevere weather.

-Goveanuenn anp Virtues. That i it is under the dominion of the Sun is with-
Sut adoubt; that which grows upon the oak participates fomething of che 4
of Jupiter, becaufe an oak is one of his trees; as alfo that which grows se
trees and apple-trees participates fomething of that nature, becaufe he r

250 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

trees it Grows upon, havivie no root of its own; but why that fhould have more
virtue that grows upon the oak is not fo eafily determinable, unlefs becaufe itis
rareft and hardeft to be come at. Clufius afferts, that that which grows upon pear-
trees is equally efficacious with the other forts, provided it doth not touch the
ground after it is gathered ; and alfo faith, that, being hung about the neck, it re-
medies witchcraft. Both the leaves and berries of mifletoe are of a hot and dry na-
ture, and of fubtle parts. Bird-lime, made thereof, doth mollify hard knots, tu-
mours, and impofthumes ; ripening and difcuffing them; draweth forth thick as
weil as thin humours from the remote parts of the body, digefting and feparating
them ; and, being mixed with equal parts of rofin and wax, mollifies the hardnefs of
the fpleen, and healeth old ulcers and fores; being mixed with fandarac and orpi-
- ment, with quick-limeand wine lees added thereto, it draws off foul nails from
the flefh. Mathiolus faith, that the mifletoe of the oak (being the beft), made into
powder, and given in drink to thofe that have the falling ficknefs, doth affuredly
heal them ; provided it be taken forty days together. Some hold it fo highly in
eftimation, that it is termed Agnuum fanfle crucis, or wood of the holy crofs, believ-
ing it to help the falling ficknefs, apoplexy, and palfy, very {peedily, not only when
taken inwardly, but applied externally, by hanging it about theneck. Tragus —
faith, that by bruifing the green wood of any mifletée,-and dropping the juice fo
drawn therefrom into the ears of thofe who are troubled with impofthumes, it
healeth the fame in a few days.
The powder of it alfocures apleurify, and forces the courfes, Some think the
- mifletoe that grows on the hafel-tree is better for the falling ficknefs, and other dif-
bs eafes of the head, than that which grows on the oak, Henricus ab Steers thinks it
oo snot grow on hafel-trees till they are about an hundred years old. A young
dy, having been long troubled with the falling. ficknefs, for which the had taken
ry thing prefcribed for her by the moft famous doctors, without effect, but
rather worfe, having eight or ten dreadful fits ina day, was cured only by
der of true mifletoe, given, as much as would lie ona fixpence, early i in the
black cherry-water, or in beer, for fome days near the full moon.

EY-WORT, OR HERB- .TWOPENCE.

Description. THEcommonmoney-wort fendeth forth froma fmall chready
root, divers long, d flender, branches, lying and running upon the ground,
two or three feet | re, fet with leaves two ata joint, one again{t another at
equal diftances, which are round, but jointed at the ends, fmooth, and of @

good greencolour. At the joints, with the leaves from the middle forward, i
; for

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 251

forth at every joint fometimes one yellow flower, and fometimes two, ftanding each
- ona {mall foot-ftalk, formed of five leaves, narrow and pointed at the ends, with
fome yellow threads in the middle; which being paft, there come in their places
. fmall round heads of feed.
Pace. It groweth plentifully in almoft every part of the kingdom, commonly
in moift grounds, by the fides of hedges, and in the middle of graffy fields.
Time. They flower in Juneand July, and their feed is ripe quickly after.
GoveRNMENT AND Virtugs. Venus owns it. Money-wort is fingularly good to
fay all fuxes in man or woman, whether they be lafks, bloody fluxes, the flowing
of women’s courfes, bleedings inwardly or outwardly, and the weaknefs of the fto-
mach that is given-to cafting. It is alfo very good for all ulcers or excoriations of
the lungs, or other inward parts. It is exceeding good for all wounds, whether
frefh and green, or old ulcers of a {fpreading nature, and healeth them fpeedily; for:
all which purpofes, the juice of the herb; the powder drunk in water wherein hot.
fteel hath been often quenched ; the decoétion of the green herb in wine or water-
drunk ; the feed, juice, or decoction ‘ufed to wath or bathe the outward places; or
to have tents dipped therein and applied to the wounds; are effectual.

MOON-WORT. ~~
- Description. IT rifeth up, ufually, but with one dark-green, thick and flat,
leaf, ftanding upon a fhort foot-ftalk, not above two fingersbreadth ; but, when it
flowers, bears a fmall flender ftalk, about four or five inches high, having but
one leaf fet in the middle thereof, which is much divided on both fides, into fome-
times five or feven parts on a fide, and fometimes more; each of which parts is
imall next the middle rib, but broad forwards, and round pointed, refembling a
half-moon, from whence it takes its name, the uppermoft parts or divifions being
lefs than the loweft. The ftalk rifeth above this leaf two or three inches, bearing
many branches of {mall long tongues, every one like the fpiky head of adders-tongue,
of a brownith colour, which, whether they may be called the flowers, or feed, is not
fo well certified; but, after continuinga whilej+refolve into a mealy duft. The
foot is fmalland fibrous. This hath fometimes divers fuch-like leaves as are before:
defcribed, with fo many branches or tops rifing from one ftalk, each divided r Q Ns
Pace. Ttgtoweth on hills and heaths, particularly where there is plenty of ee

3 U e. T

22 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Time. It isto be foundonly in April and May; but in June, if hot weather
cometh, it generally withers and dies,

GovzRNMENT AND Virtuzs. The moon owns this herb. Moon-wort is cold
and drying, ina greater degree even than adders-tongue, and is therefore fervice-
able in all wounds, both inward and outward. The leaves boiléd in red wine, and
drunk, ftay the immoderate flux of women’s courfes, and the whites. It alfo
ftayeth bleeding, vomiting, and other fluxes; helpeth all blows and bruifes, and
confolidates fractures and diflocations. It is good for ruptures; but is chiefly ufed

by moft, with other herbs, to make oils, or other balfams, to heal freth or green
_ wounds, either inward or outward, for which it is exceeding good, as is before
obferved. .

Alchymitts fay, that this herb is peculiarly ufeful to them in making filver; and
jt is reported, that whatever horfe cafually treads upon this herb will lofe his
fhoes; it is alfo faid to have the virtue of unlocking their fetlocks and caufing them
to fall off; but whether thefe reports be fabulous or true, it is well known to the
country people by the name of Unfhoe-horfe. Galen faith, that, if it be given to
fuch as are enraged by the biting of a mad dog, it doth perfectly cure them.

2H Moss.

IT would be -needlefs totrouble the reader with a defcription of every kind of
mofs ; that of the ground-mofs and tree-mofs, which are both well-known, being
fufficient for our purpofe. 7
_ Pace. The ground-mofs grows in moift woods, at the bottoms of hills, in
bogey grounds, fhadowy ditches, and other fuch-like places, in all parts of the

kingdom.
The other groweth only upon trees.
_ GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. All forts of mofs are under the dominion of Sa-

os ‘tum. The ground mofs, being boiled in wine, and drunk, is held to be very effi-

sruifed and boiled in water, and applied, eafeth all inflammations and pains pro-
ceeding from hot caufes ; and is therefore ufed to relieve pain arifing from the gout.
_. The different kinds of tree-mofs are cooling and binding, and partake of a digeft-
‘ing and mollifying quality withal, as Galen faith: Bue each mofs doth partake of
the nature of the tree from whence it is taken ; therefore that of the oak is more
binding, and is of good effect toftay fluxes in men or women; as alfo vomitings of

bleedings, the powder thereof being taken jn wine. The decoétion thereof in wine
; is

‘cacious in breaking the ftone, and to expel and drive. it forth by urine. The herb,

AND COMPLETE HERBAL- 253

is very good for women to bebathed with, or to fit ov at.are troubled with the
overflowings of their courfes. The fame, being drunk, “ftafeth the ftomach that is
troubled with cafting, or the hiccough ; and, Avicenna ith, it comforteth the
_ heart. The powder thereof, taken in drink for fome time together, is thought
available for the drapfy. The oil of rofes, which has had fome frefh mofs fteeped
therein for a time, and afterwards boiled and applied to the temples and forehead,
doth wonderfully eafe the head-ach, arifing from a hot caufe ; as alfo the diftillation
of hot rheum or humours from the eyes, or other patts. The ancients ufed it much
in their ointments and other medicines, againft laffitude, and to ftrengthen and
comfort the finews ; it may, confequently, be applied by the moderns with equal
fuccefs,

MOTHER-WORT.

Description. This hath a hard, fquare, brownifh, rough, {trong, ftalk, rifing
three or four feet high at leaft, fj preading into many branches, whereon grow leaves
on each fide, with long foot-ftalks, two at every joint, which are fomewhat broad
and long, as it were rough or crumpled, withmany great veins thereon, of a fad.
8reen colour, deeply dented about the edges, and almoft divided. From the middle
_ of the branches, up to the tops of them (which are very long and {mall), grow the
flowers round about them, at diftances, in fharp-pointed, rough, hard, hufks,
ofa more red or purple colour than balm or horehound, but in the fame manner or
form as horehound ; after which come fmall, round, blackith, feeds, in great
Plenty. The root fendeth forth a number of long ftrings and {mall fibres, taking
ftrong hold in the ground, of a dark yellowifh or brownifh colour, and remaineth
as the horehound doth ; the f{mell of this being not much different from it.

PLace. Itis only produced in gardens in this kingdom. |

Government anv Viatuzs. Venus owns this herb, and it is under Leo.
There is no better herb to drive melancholy vapours from the heart, to ftrengthen
it, and make the mind cheerful, blithe, and merry. It maybe kept in a fyrup or
conferve, therefore the Latins call it cordiaca, The powder thereof, to the quantity ‘
Of a fpoonful, drunk in cold wine, is a wonderful help to women in fore travail, as
alfo for fuffocations or rifings of the mother; and from thefe effects it moft likely
Got the name of mother-wort. It alfo provoketh urine, and women’s courfes;
cleanfeth the cheft of cold phlegm oppreffing it, and killeth worms in the belly. It
1S of good ufe to warm and dry up the cold humours ; to digeft and difperfe them
that are fettled in the veins, joints, and finews, of the body, and to help cramps and

*Onvulfions, are
€ -. IVEOISSES -

A hd keine ENGL ESH PHYSICIAN,

LP mouse. EAR.

Desoription. Moufe-ear is alow herb, creeping upon the ground, by fmal}
ftrings like the frawberry plant, from which it fhooteth forth fmall roots, whereat
grow, upon the ground, many {mall and fomewhat fhort leaves, fet in a round form
together, hollowifh in the middle, where they are broadeft ; of an hoary colour all

over, and very hairy, which, being broken, produce white milk. From among
thefe leaves {pring up two or three {mall hoary ftalks, about a {pan high, with a few
{maller leaves thereon; at the tops whereof ftandeth ufually but one flower, confift-
ing of many paler yellow leaves, broad at the points, and a little dented in, fet in
three or fourrows, the largeft outermoft, very like a dandelion flower, and a little
reddifh underneath about the edgés, efpecially if it orow in dry ground ; which, af-
ter they have ftood long in flower, turn into down, which, with the feed, is blown
away by the wind.

Pxacez. Itgroweth on the banks of ditches, and in fandy ground.

Time. It flowereth in June and July, and remaineth green all the winter.

GoveRNMENT anp Virtues. Themoonowns thisherbalfo. Thejuice thereof,
taken in wine, or the deco¢tion thereof drunk, doth help the jaundice, ‘although of
long continuance ; it is a {pecial remedy againft the ftone, and griping pains of the
bowels. The decoétion thereof, with fuccory and centaury, is held very effectual
to help the dropfy, and them that are inclining thereunto, as well as difeafes of the

fpleen. It ftayeth the fluxes of blood, whether at the mouth or nofe, and inward
: bleedingsalfo ; ; it is veryefficacious for wounds both inward and outward ; it help-

eth the bloody flux, and the abundance of women’s courfes.* There is a fyrup made
of the juice thereof, and fugar, by the apothecaries of Italy, -and other places, which —
is accounted very ferviceable to thofe that are troubled with the cough or phthific.
| The: fame is alfo fingularly good for ruptures or burftings. The green herb,
= d, and direétly applied toany frefh cut or wound, doth quickly | heal it ; and
ce, dec tion, or powder of the dried herb, is very good. to ftay the malig-
of fpreading and fretting cankers and ulcers. The diftilled water of the plant
ilable inall the difeafes aforefaid, and to wafh outward wounds and fores, and
ing tents or cloths wet therein.

}

n iircdisrs nite, and to keep them in due proportion, and regular, n° medicine
in the whole Materia Medica was ever found fo efficacious as the author’s Lunar Tinéture; the inherent virtues
ef which contain the falubr Oo s qualities of this and all other lunar herbs congenial to the female fex. a

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 255

LP wuGwort.

Description. COMMON mugwort hath divers leaves lying upon the ground,
very much divided, or cut deeply in about the brims, fomewhat like wormwood,
but much larger; of a dark green colour on the upper fide, and very hoary, white,
underneath. The ftalks rife to the height of four or five feet, having on it fimi-
lar leaves to thofe below, but fomewhat fmaller, branching forth very much to-
wards the top, whereon are fet very {mall pale yellowifh flowers like buttons, which
fall away; and after them come fmall feed inclofed in round heads, The root is
Jong and hard, with many {mall fibres growing from it, whereby it taketh ftrong
hold in the ground ; but both ftalk and leaf die every year, and the root fhooteth
forth anew in the{pring. . The whole plantis of a tolerably good {cent, and is more
readily propagated by the flips than by the feed. ‘

Prace. It groweth plentifully in many parts of this kingdom, by the road-fide $
mo, by fall water-courfes ; and in divers other places.

* Time. It flowereth and feedeth in the end of fummer.
GovERNMENT AND Virtues. Thisis anherb of Venus; therefore maintaineth

the parts of the body fhe rules, and remedies the difeafes of the parts that are under
her fiens, Taurus and Libra. Mugwort is ufed with good fuccefs, among other
herbs, in a hot decoction, for women to fit over, to provoke the courfes, help deli-
very, and expel the after-birth; alfo, for the ob{tructions and inflammations of the
mother. It breaketh the ftone, andcaufeth one to make water when itis ftopped.
The juice thereof, made up with myrrh, and formed into a peffary, worketh the |
fame effects ; the root, being made into an ointment, with hogs-lard, taketh away
wens and hard knots and kernels that grow about the neck and throat, and eafeth
pains about the neck more effectually, if fome field daifies be put with it. The herb
itfelf, being freth, or juice thereof, taken, is a fpecial rcmedy for an over-dofe ’
ofopium. Three drams of the powder of the dried leaves, taken in wine, isa
fpeedy, and the moftcertain, cure for the fciatica. .A decoction thereof, made with
tamomel and agrimony, taketh away pains of the finews and the cramp, if the -
Place is bathed therewith while warm.

Theleaves and flowers, and the tops of the young hots, i in this plant, are all full
of vireue 3, they are aromatic to the talte, with a little fharpnets ; and are a moft fafe
_ excellent medicine i in female diforders arifing from obftruction. j

_ ‘The herb has been famous for this from the earlieft time; and Protcidencetillg ee
Dlaced it ¢very where about our doors; fo that reafon and authority, . as beset? as the 3 if

No. 18, 3x

26 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

notice of our fenfes, point it out for ufe ; but chemiftry has~banifhed natural medi.
cines. Diofcorides beftows high praifes on the herb ; and“direéts the flowery tops

to be ufed, juft before they open into bloom ; he determines the dofe to be three
drams ; and the manner of taking it as tea. It is happy that the ancients, who faw
the great effect of thefe medicines, have been fo accurate in the dofe and manner of
giving them; wherever they have, wé find them always right, and may depend on
them as our beft guides; where they have not been fo particular, no guefs, or bold

opinion, is to be indulged; but all is to be learned from careful trial. To be af-

fured of their medicines, is the firft care: and, that being afcertained, we fhall be
certain to find the accounts they give us of their virtues true, if we will wait with
patience till we find the dofe, beginning from a little. The many who apply,
wearied with the expence, and tired with the vain hope of relief fom the common
practice, give abundant opportunities of finding this fafely and exactly ; and, if this
publication conveys clearly to mankind the way to reap the advantages of ancient
Galenical medicines, the attention to the object will have been well beftowed.
There is no better medicine for young women, in whom the efforts of nature are

too weak, than this: the flowers and buds fhould be {tripped off from the tops of —

ftalks ; three drams of thefe, clipped {mall, fhould be put into a bafon, and half a
pint of boiling water poured apon them : and when juft cool it is to be drunk with
little fugar and cream : this is to be taken twice a day, during the time of nature’s
effort, and the will rarely want any farther help; but, if its effeét be not altogether
_ fufficient, fuch a tea of it fhould be drunk afterwards every day. Nothing is fo
” deftructive to the conftitution as the ufe of too powerful medicines on this occafion ;
_ this i is fufficient, andcan do no harm. Butitis not to this time of life it is limited,
it may be taken at any period ; and there is a peculiar way of ufing it to great ad-
vantage. A lady of thirty-eight, unmarried, and healthy, after riding many morn-
son horfeback, (a new exercife to her, and therefore over-pleafing,) found her-
difappointed at the period of her expectation; with feverifh heat, pain, fwell-

nd, I believe, inflammation. She had been blooded in the foot; had taken

pe yal | water ; and was entering upon fomething of more power, when, being

: in fo another lady of the virtues of this herb, and that the excellent Diof-
cori er phyfician than Friend or Mead, advifed the fitting over the fteam
ofa

0 rit on certain occafions ; and that, in this Particular cafe, that way
feemed in every €nfémoft proper. A pound of mugwort was boiled in two gallons
of water ; the whole \ was. put together intoa pan; and, when the vapour was not too

hot to be borne, the lad y fat over it, It was done at night; and, before morning;
all was well and happy. 4
THE

AND COMPLETE HERBAL; 257

WF ve MULBERRY TREE:

THIS is fo well known, where it groweth, that it needeth no defcription:

“Time. It beareth fruit in the months of July and Augutft.

GoverNMENT AND Virtues. Mercury rules the tree; therefore are its effects
variable as his are. The mulberry partakes of different and oppofite qualities ; the
ripe berries, by reafon of their fweetnefs and flippery moifture, opening the body,
and the unripe binding it, efpecially when they are dried ; and then they are good
to ftay fluxes, lafks, and the abundance of women’s courfes, The bark of the root
killeth the broad worms in the body. The juice, or the fyrup made of the juice, of
the berries, helpeth all inflammations or fores in the mouth or throat, and the pallet
of the mouth when it is fallen down. “Lhe jutcc-or—the-teavesis ‘a remedy againft
the biting of ferpents, and for thofe that have taken aconite ; the leaves, beaten with ©
vinegar, are good to lay on any place that is burnt with fire. A decoction made of
the bark and leaves, is good to wafh the mouth and teeth when they ach. If the
root bea little flit or cut, and a {mall hole made in the ground next thereunto, in
the harveft time, it will give out a certain juice, which being hardened the next
day, i is of. good ule to help the tooth-ach, to diffolve knots, and purge the belly.
The leaves of mulberries are faid to ftay bleeding at the mouth or nofe, the bleed- —
ing piles, or of any wound, being bound unto the places. A branch of the tree,
taken when the moon is at the full, and bound to thewrift of a woman whole courfes.
overflow, ftays them in a fhort fpace.

| LO? MULLEIN. ...-

Description. COMMON white mullein iA, many” fair: large, woolly,
white leaves lying next the ground, fomewhat longer than broad, pointed at the
ends, and dented as it were about the edges; the ftalk rifeth up to be four or five
> feet high, covered over with fuch-like leaves, but fmaller, fo that no ftalks can be

feen forthe quantity of leaves thereon, up to the flowers. which come forth on all
‘fides of the ftalk, generally without any branches, and are many fet together ina
long fpike, ‘in fome of agold yellow colour, in others more pale, confilting of five
round pointed leaves, which afterwatds have little round heads, wherein a fmall_

_ brownithfeedis contained, “The root is long, white, and woody ; oe after, | Zs on

it hath borne feed,
Pace. Itgroweth by road-fides and lanes in many parts of the areas,
“Pia. It howereth in July, or thereabouts, Gor .

28 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. It is under the dominion of § Saturn, A fmall
quantity of the root, given in wine, is commended by Diofcorides’ againft lafks and
fluxes. The decoétion thereof, being drunk, helpeth: ruptures, cramps, and con-
vulfions, and thofe that are troubled with anold cough; and, when ufed as agargle,
eafeth the tooth-ach. An oi], made by frequently infufing the flowers, has a very
good effect on the piles. The decoction of the root, in red wine, or in water (ifat-
tended with an ague) wherein red hot fteel hath been often quenched, ftayeth the
bloody flux; and alfo openeth obftructions of the bladder and reins, when there is
a ftoppage of urine. A decoétion of the leaves thereof, and of fage, marjoram, and
camomile flowers, and the finews being bathed therewith that are bénumbed with
cold, or cramps, doth much eafe and comfort them. Three ounces of the diftilled
water of the flowers, drunk morning and evening, for fome days together, are faid
to be an excellent remedy for the gout. The juice of the leaves and flowers
being laid upon rough warts, as alfo the powder of the dried roots, when rubbed
on, doth take them away; but have no effect upon fmooth warts. The powder of
the dried flowers is an efpecial remedy for thofe that are troubled with the cholic or
belly-ach, The deco¢tion of the root, and likewife of the leaves, is of great effect
in diffolving tumours, fwellings, or inflammations of the throat. The feed and
leaves boiled in wine, and applied to the place, fpeedily draweth forth thorns and
fplinters from the flefh, eafing the pain and healing the wound at the fame time.
. The leaves, bruifed and wrapped in double papers, and covered with hot afhes and
~ embers, in whichthey muft be baked for fome time, and then taken and laid on any
blotch or boil, diffolve and heal them. b

Uf MUSTARD:

: - OUR common muftard hathlarge and broad rough leaves, very
= ‘much jagged with uneven and diforderly gafhes, fomewhat like turnip leaves, but
a maller and rougher ; the ftalk rifeth to be upwards of a foot high, and fometimes.
wo fe t high ; being round, rough, and branched at the top, bearing fimilar
s thereon to thofe below, but fmaller and lefs divided, and divers yellow flowers
one above another at the tops, after which come finall tough pods, with fmall lank —
flat ends, wherein is contained round yellowith feed, harp, hot, and biting to the
tongue. ANE Rag Saat, long, and woody, when it beareth ftalk and perifhy ©
ethevery year, “a
Pace. This groweth in gardens only, and other manured grounds.
Time, It is an annual plant, flowering in July, andthe fei sie in AUBO :
2 GovERN=

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. "larg
GovERNMENT AND Virtuss. It is an excellent fauce for thofe whofe blood wants
clarifying, and for weak ftomachs, being an herb of Mars ; it is hurtful to choleric
people, but highly ferviceable to thofe who are aged, or troubled with cold difeafes.
Aries claims fome fhare of dominion over this plant; it therefore ftrengthens the
heart, and refifteth poifon ; let fuch whofe ftomachs are fo weak that they cannot
digeft their victuals, or have no appetite thereto, take of muftard-feed a dram, cin- ©
namon as much, and, after beating them to powder, add half as much pow-
der of mattic, and, with gum arabic diffolved in rofe w ucR, make it up into
troches, of which the quantity of half a dram may be taken an hour or two before _
meals, and the good effects thereof will foon be apparent, more particularly to the
aged of either fex. Muftard-feed hath the virtue of heating, difcuffing, rarefying,
drawing out fplinters of bones, and other things, out of the flefh ; provokes the —
menfes; is good for the falling ficknefs, lethargy, drowfinefs, and forgetfulnefs,
by ufing it both inwardly and outwardly, rubbing the noftrils, forehead, and temples,
to warm and quicken the fpirits, as, from its fierce fharpnefs, it purgeth the brain
by fneezing, and drawing down rheums, and other vifcous humours, which, by
their diftillation upon the lungs and cheft, caufe coughing; when taken inwardly
‘it operates more forcibly if mixed with honey. The decoction of the feed made in
wine, provoketh urine, refifts the force of poifon, the malignity of mufhrooms, and
the venom of fcorpions, or other poifonous animals, if it be taken in time. If ‘ad-
miniftered before cold fits of the ague come on, it altereth, leffeneth, and cureth,
them. The feed, taken either by icfelf, or with other things, either in an eleCtuary
or drink, is a great incentive to venery, and helpeth the fpleen, pains in the fide, and
_ Snawing the bowels. If ufed as a gargle, it draweth up the pallet of the mouth,
when fallen down. It alfo diffolveth fwellings about the throat, if it be applied ex-
ternally, Being chewed in the mouth, it oftentimes helpeth the tooth-ach. The
outward application hereof upon the pained place, in cafes of the fciatica, difcuffeth
the humours, and eafeth the pains : as alfo of the gout, and other joint-achs. " It is
frequentlyufed to eafe pains of the fides, loins, fhoulders, or other parts of the body,
_by applying thereof as a blifter, and cureth the difeafe by drawing it to the outward
part of the body ; it is alfo ufed to help the falling of the hair. The feed, bruifed,
and mixed with honey or wax, taketh away the black and blue marks occafioned by
falls or other bruifes ; the roughnefs or fcabbednefs of the fkin ; as alfo the leprofy
and loufy evil ; it helpeth alfo the crick inthe neck. The diftilled water of° the
_ herb, when it is in flower, is much ufed to drink inwardly for any of the difeafes
aforefaid, and to wath the mouth when the pallet isdowns and as a gargle for dif- _
No. 18, | Sgr ae 3 tales:

260. CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

eafes of the throat; alfo outwardly for {cabs, itch, or other fuch infirmities ; and
- Cleanfeth the face from morphew, {pots, freckles, and other deformities,

People who are fond of mufic, and would with to improve their voices, have
only to mix fome of the powder of muftard feed with honey into balls, and, by fwal-
- lowing one or two every morning fafting, in a fhort time they will find their voices
to beclear. Muftard feed and onions, mixed together, provoke weeping.

LE HEDGE-MUSTARD.

Description. THIS groweth up ufually but with one blackifh green ftalk,
tough, eafy to bend, but not break, branched into divers parts, and fometimes with
‘divers ftalks fet full of branches, whereon grow long, rough, or hard rugged leaves,
very much torn or cut on the edges into many parts, fome larger and fome fmaller,
of adirty green colour; the flowers are {mall and yellow, growing at the tops of the
- branches in long fpikes, flowering by degrees; the ftalks have {mall round pods at
the bottom, growing upright, and clofe to the ftalk, whilft the flowers yet fhew
themfelves ; in which are contained fmall yellow feed, fharp and ftrong, as the herb
is alfo. The root groweth down flender and woody, yet abiding, and fpringing
again every year. : |
Prace. This groweth generally by the roads and hedge-fides ; but fometimes in
the open fields. :
Timez. It flowereth ufually about July.
. GovernMENT AND Virtuzs. Mars owns this herb alfo. It is fingularly good
’ Anall the difeafes of the cheft and lungs, hoarfenefs of voice; and, by the ufe of the
decoétion thereof, fome have been recovered who had utterly loft their voices, and
nearly their fpirits alfo. The juice of this herb, made into a fyrup with honey or fu-
gar, is'no lefs effectual for the fame purpofes, and for coughs, wheefing, and fhort-
nefs of breath. It is alfo ferviceable to thofe who have the jaundice, the pleurify,
Pains in the back and loins, and for torments in the belly, or the cholic ; it is alfo
ed'in clyfters. The feed is held to be a {pecial remedy againft poifon and venom,
ngulatly good for the fciatica, the gout, and all joint-achs, fores and cankers
~ in the mouth, throat, or behirid the ears; it is alfo equally ferviceable in reducing
the hardheff and {welling of the tefticles, and of women’s breafts.

= MASTIC TREE.
Names. IT i8 called’ ih Latin /ensifius, and the gum or rofin, rena lentifeina,
and maftiche, and maftix ; in Englith, maftic.

DescriP-

tae

*

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 26%

Description. The mattic or lentifk tree groweth like a tree when fuffered to:
"grow up; and often it rifeth but as a fhrub 3 the body and branches are of a reddifh
colour; tough and gentle, having their ends bending fomewhat downwards, where-
on do grow winged dark-green leaves, confifting of four couple, ftanding one
againft another, of the bignefs of the large myrtle-leaf, with a reddih circle about
their edges, and fomewhat reddith veins on the under-fide, fmelling fweet, and al-
ways continuing green ; the flowers grow in clufters at the joints, with the leaves,
being fmall and of a pale purple green colour ; after them come fmall blackifh ber-
ries, of the fize of a pepper-corn, with a hard black fhell under the outer fkin, and
a white kernel within ; it beareth alfo certain horns, with a clear liquor in them that
turneth into fmall flies. It yieldeth alfo aclear white gum, in fmall drops, when.
the ftocks are cut in fundry places ; which is carefully gathered and preferved,
Piace, The lentifk-tree groweth in Provence, in France; and alfo in divers
parts of Italy ; in Candia, and many other places in Greece 3 but yieldeth little gum:
there, efpecially in the ifle of Scio, %
Time. It flowereth in April, and the berries are ripe in September; it is pruned’
and manured with as great care by the cultivators as others do their vines; the pro+

fit arifing from the gum being much greater.
Government anp Virtues, The lentifk-tree is under the influence of Jupiter.

It is of a moderately hot temperature ; but the root, branches, bark, leaves, fruit,
andgum, are all of a binding quality, ftopping all fluxes and {pitting of blood ;
ftrengthens.a weak ftomach, and helps falling down of the mother and fundament,.
The decoction healeth up hollow fores, knitteth broken bones, fafteneth loofe teeth;
and ftayeth the fpreading of fores, they being fomented therewith. The oil which
is prefled out of the berries, helpeth the itch, leprofy, and fcab, both in man and
beaft ; gum-mattic hath the like virtue of ftaying fluxes, taken any way in powder;
or, if three or four grains of it be fwallowed whole at night when going to bed, it not.
_ Only eafeth the pains of the ftomach, but hindereth its being affected afterwards ;.
the powder of maftic, with amber and turpentine, is good againft the running of
the reins, and to check the fluor albus and menfes in.women. The powder of
mattic is alfo materially ufeful in topping thin rheums from falling upon the lungs,
which occafion a continual cough and {pitting of blood.

oa Tur MEALY TREE. Es
_ Names: IT js called in Latin viburmum sit is alfo called the way-faring. trees.
and by Mr. Parkinfon, from the pliability of the twigs and branches, the pliant
gs

262 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Description: This tree hath (from a {mall body, rifing to the height of a hedge.
“tree, or bufh, covered with a dark-greyifh bark) fundry {mall fhort but very tough
and pliant branches, of a finger’s thicknefs, whofe bark is fmooth and whitifh,
‘whereon grow broad leaves, like elm-leaves, but long and hoary, rough, thick, and
‘white like meal, and a little hairy, fet by couples, and finely dented about the
edges; at the ends of the branches ftand large tufts of white flowers, which turn
into large bunches of round and flat feed, like that of the lentil, but larger; green
when they are firft formed, and fora confiderable time afterwards, but black when
they are ripe.

The branches thereof are fo tough and ftrong that they ferve for bands to tie bun-
dies, or any other thing ; or to make faft gates leading into fields, for which ‘pur-
pofes they are betier adapted than withy, or any thing of that nature.

Prace. It groweth as a hedge-bufh, and is often cut and plafhed by country
people to fpread on the hedges; is very frequently found in Kent, and in anes
other parts of this kingdom.

Time. It flowereth about the end of May, and the fruit is ripe in Séptemnbes

GovERNMENT AND Virtues. Itis aplant of Saturn. The leaves thereof have a
harfh binding quality, and are good to ftrengthen and faften loofe teeth. The de-
coction of the leaves thereof, and of olive-leaves together, in vinegar and water, is
exceeding good to wafh the mouth and throat when fwelled by fharp humours fall-
ing into them ; reftores the uvula or palate of the mouth to its right place, when
fallen down ; it alfo ftays the rheums that fall upon the jaws, The kernels of the
_ fruit hereof, taken before they are ripe, dried and made into powder, and drunk

“In any liquid, {top loofenefs of the’belly, and all forts of fluxes. Of the roots, being
fteepéd under ground, then boiled, and beaten a long. time afterwards, bird- lime
‘4s made to catch fmall birds.

‘The leaves, boiled in lye, keep the hair Foi alin off the head, and change

sa into black.

bs. MAY-WEED.

‘aS ease. THERE are found three forts of may-weed. 1. Cotula
Setida, ftinking may-weed. 2. Cotula non fetida, may-weed with no fcent. Stinking
_ may-weed groweth more upright than that which hath no fmell, or the common ¢a-
momile ; neither of them creep or run on the ground as camomile doth ; the leaves
are longer and larger than thofe of camomile, yet very like unto it, but of a paler

green colour ; oer? ftrong fmell, the other no {cent at all ; the
a >.-2 flowers

WEL?

eo Sa \ |
| WhieMulkin, Com@Mbflard, HadgeMaflard, Maftich Tove,

AND. COMPLETE HERBAL. -:- 263

flowers are like thofe of camomile, but larger; there is alfo a fort of may-weed
found in various parts of the kingdom, which hath double flowers, almoftas large
as double camomile-flowers, which is called cotula flore pleno. |

Piace. The ftinking may-weed groweth abundantly among corn, and will blifter 7
the hands of the reapers; that which ftinketh not groweth alfo very pleouia,
wild, in many places, and often amongft wild camomile. .

TiME. They flower all the fummer months, fome earlier and ate later.

GoverNMENT AND Virturs. May-weedis governed by Mars, yet Galen faith
the fophi of the Egyptians confecrated camomile to the fun, which is much of the
fame temperature, but the ftinking may-weed is more hot, and dry, and is ufed for
the fame purpofes as camomile, viz. to diffolve tumours, “expel wind, and to eafe

pains andachs in the joints and other parts ; itis alfo good for women whofe matrix
is fallen down, or loofened from one fide to the other, by wafhing their feet with a

decoction thereof made in water. It is likewife good to be given t to see to oe fuch
as are troubled with the rifing or fuffocation of the: matrix.

MAD-WORT.

Prace: IT is often fown in gardens. The feed comes from Italy.

Tims. It flowers and flourifhes in May ; the feed is ripe in Augutft.

Quatitres ano Virtues. Itis dry, digefting, and {couring. It healeth the
bite of a mad dog, the morphew, fun-burning, &c, It alfo heals wounds inwardly
and outwardly, cancers, and filthy ulcers ; and digefteth clotted blood.

MANDRAKE,

THE mandrake is male and female.
Prac. It grows in hot regions ; woods, mountains, and gardens.

Time. It fprings in March, flowers in April; the fruit is ripein Auguft.

Quaities AND Virturs. Itis of acold nature. The root is phlegmatic, and
may be eaten with pepper and hot fpices, The apples are cold and moift, the bark
of the root cold and dry, and the juice is good in all cooling ointments. The dried
juice of the root, taken ina {mall quantity, purgeth phlegm and melancholy. In ~
collyriums, j it healeth pains of the eyes. In a- peffary, it draweth forth the dead
child and fecundine. The green leaves, bruifed with axungia and barley-meal,

heal all hot fwellings and inflammations; and, applied tothe parts, confume hot =
eH and renee A fuppofitory made of the juice, put into the fundament, vee

0% «=60©CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

caufeth fleep. Infufed in wine, and drunk, it caufeth fleep, and healeth pains ; the

apples fmelt to, or the juice taken in a fmall quantity, alfo caufe fleep. The feed
and fruit do cleanfe the womb ; the leaves heal knots in the feth, and the roots
heal Saint Anthony’s fire, &c. and, boiled with ivy, mollify the fame. The oil
of mandrakes is very cold; yet it may be anointed upon the temples and nofes of thofe
that have a phrenzy; if the patient fleep too long, dip afponge in vinegar, and hold
it tothe nofe. Alfo, it heals vehement pains of the head, and the tooth-ach, when
applied to the cheeks and jaws, and caufeth fleep.

Ho? MUSHROOM.

Description. Mushrooms are plants more p:rfe&t than many people imagine.
They have a regular root, a ftalk confifting of feveral arrangements of fibres, the
interftices of which are filled up with a parenchymatous fubftance, leading from the
root to the head or umbel ; the under-fide of this umbel is full of iamelle, or chives,
every one of which is a regular pod, or feed-veffel. If thefe lamellae are examined in
their feveral ftates, the feeds in them may be eafily difcovered, and are always found

to be of a fize and degree of maturity p:oportioned to the ftate of the plant at the
time. They have each of them alfo a filiquaceous aperture lengthwife, the feeds
lying in rows ready to fall through it. The plant iseafily and regularly propagated
through thefe, and not only may be railed from feed, but, like many other plants,
may be propagated by roots ; feveral filaments at the root producing tubercles, in
the manner of the potatoe, from each of which there will arife new roots arid a new
- plant. The periods of vegetation in this plant are alfo fufficigntly regular ; and the
common opinion, of its fpringing up in a night and perifhing ‘if aday, has no foun-
dation in reality ; for, in the common way of raifing them on hot-beds, it is eafy to
find, that they often ftand a fortnight or longer, from their firft appearance, before
they are fit for the table.

~ “Mr, Bradley mentions an hundred kinds of mufhrooms which he has feen in Eng-
ni i befides thofe very numerous fmall ones which conftitute the mouldinefs of li-

rs, Fruits, 8zc. -Mathiolus mentions mufhrooms which weighed thirty pounds
Ww er »as yellow as gold: Fer. Imperatus tells us, he faw fome which

weighed above of hundred pounds apiece ; and the Journal des Scavans furnithes

us with an account of fome, growing on‘the frontiers of Hungary, which made

full cart-load. ~

‘

The poifon of mufhrooins has been much talked of by feveral perfons ; burthere ,

feems to be no certain account of any body’s having ever been injured by eating the
: | common

Pee. a

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 265

common mufhroom; though there are perhaps fome kinds of them that are truly
poifonous. The ancients have taken great pains to diftinguifh the feveral kinds of
them, that the world might know the hurtful from the fafe. The boletos, men-
tioned by Juvenal, on account of the death of Claudius, is fufficiently defcribed by
Pliny. Clufius, among the moderns, has defcribed a vaft number of different fpe-
cies, every where diftinguifhing the efculent and wholefome from the poifonous and
pernicious kinds, The feveral authors who have treated of thém fince the time of
Clufius, have all mentioned the effeéts of fome or other of the poifonous kinds, and
there are numerous inftances of the mifchief done by them at one time or other,
The true eatable mufhroom is diftinguifhed from the poifonous and unpleafant
kinds by thefe marks: When young, it appears of a roundifh form, like a button,
the ftalk as well as the button being white, and the flefhy part very white when
broken, the gills within being livid. As they grow larger, they expand their heads
by degrees into a flat form, and the gills underneath are of a pale fleth colour ; but,
as they ftand long, become blackith. : | eae,
Virtues. The Laplancers have a method of ufing fumgu/es, or toadftools, as we
callthem, (which are of the fame genus with the mufhroom,) to cure pains. They
collec the largeft fungufes which they find on the bark of beech and other large
trees, and dry them for ufe. Whenever they have pains in their limbs, they ufé _
fome of this dry matter ; pulling it to pieces with their fingers, they lay a fmall heap
of it on the part neareft to where the pain is fituated, and fet it on fire. In burning
away, it bli(ters up the part, andthe water difcharged thereby generally carries off
the pain. Itis a coarfe and rough method, but generally a very fuccefsful one,
efpecially when the patient has prudence enough to apply it in time, and refolution
enough to bear the burning to a neceffary degree. a

NAILWORT, or WHITLOW-GRASS.

Description. THIS very {mall and common herb hath no roots, fave only a
few ftrings; neither doth it ever grow to be above a hand’s-breadth high ; the leaves
are very fmall, and fomething long, not much unlike thofe of chickweed, amongft
which rife up many flender ftalks, bearing numerous white flowers one above ano-
ther, which are exceeding {mall ; after which come fmall flat pouches containing the
feed, which is alfo very fmall, but of a fharptafte. ee
, Pace. Itgrows commonly upon old ftone and brick walls, and fometimes ia
dry gravelly grounds, efpecially if there be grafs or mofs near to fhadow it.

266 CULPEPER's ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Time. They flower very early in the year, , wanton in January and j in Febru-

ary; before the end of April thy are no longer to be found.
- Virtues, It is held to be an exceeding good remedy for thofe impofthumes i in
the joints, and under the nails, which they call _whiglows, felons, adicoms, and nail-
wheals. es

Yo NEP, or CATMINT.

Description. COMMON garden nep fhooteth forth hard four-fquare ftalks
with a hoarinefs on them, a yard high or more, full of branches, bearing at every
‘joint two broad leaves, fomewhat like balm, but longer pointed, fofter, whiter, and
more hoary, nicked about the edges, and of a ftrong {weet {cent. The flowers grow
in large tufts at the tops of the branches, and underneath them likewife on the
ftalks, many together, of a whitifh purple colour. The roots are compofed.of many
long ftrings or fibres, faftening themfelves ftrongly in the ground, and retaining
their leaves green all the winter.

Pxace. It is only nurfed up in our gardens.

Time. It flowereth in July, or thereabouts.

GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. It is an herbof Venus. Nep is generally ufed by
“women, being taken either inwa rdly or outwardly, either alone or with other conve-
nient herbs, in a decoction to bathe them, or to fit over the hot fumes thereof, and
_by the frequent ufe thereof it taketh away barrennefs, and the wind, and pains of the
mother. It is alfo ufed for pains of the head arifing from any cold caufe, fuch as
catarrhs, rheums, &c. and for fwimming and giddinefs thereof, and is of efpecial
ufe for expelling wind from the ftomach and belly. It is alfo effectual for the cramp

or other pains occafioned by cold.; and is found ferviceable for colds, coughs, and ~

fhortnefs of breath. The juice thereof, drunk in wine, helps bruifes. The green
herb, bruifed, and applied to the part for two or three hours, eafeth the pain arifing
from the piles. The juice alfo, being made up into an ointment, is effectual for the
purpofe. Wafhing the head with a decoction thereof taketh away {cabs ; me
ufed to Eshe like effeét on — ie of the body.

NETTLES, |

LS eS wall: cava that they need no defcription. ‘
Gov ERNMENT. AND Virtu rs, This herb Mars claims dominion over. Nettle-

tops, eaten in the foring, confume the phlegmatic iupertiunes.s in the body, ic
t

*

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 267

the coldnefs and moifture of winter hath left behind. The roots or leaves boiled, or

“the juice of either of them, or both, made into an eleétuary with honey or fugar, is a
fate and fure medicine to open the pipes and paffages of the lungs, which is the caufe

of wheefing and fhortnefs of breath, and helpeth to expectorate tough phlegm, as
alfo to raife the impofthumated pleurify, and evacuate it by {pitting ; the juice of
nettles, ufed as a gargle, allayeth the fwelling of the almonds of the throat; it
alfo effectually fettles the palate of the mouth in its place, and heals and tempers the -
forenefs and inflammation of the mouth andthroat. The decoétion of the leaves in
wine, being drunk, is very efficacious in moft of the difeafes peculiarly incident to
the female fex ; and is equally ferviceable, when applied externally, mixed with
myrrh. This decoétion alfo, or the feed, provoketh urine, and*has hardly ever
been known to fail in expelling the gravel and ftone from the reins and bladder;
killeth worms in children ; eafeth the fpleen occafioned by wind, and expelleth the
wind from the body; though fome think them only a provocative to venery. The
juice of the leaves, taken two or three days together, ftayeth bleeding at the mouth.
The feed, being drunk, is a remedy againft the fting of venomous creatures, the
bite of a mad dog, the poifonous qualities of hemlock, henbane, nightfhade, man-
drake, or other fuch like herbs, that ftupify and dull the fenfes g as alfo the le-
thargy, efpecially if ufed outwardly, by rubbing the forehead and temples in le-
thargic cafes, and the places bitten or ftung by beatts, with a little fale. The dif.
tilled water of the herb is alfo effectual (although not fo powerful) for the difeafes
aforefaid, and for outward wounds and fores, to wath them, and to cleanfe the fkin
ftom morphew, leprofy, and other difcolourings thereof. The feed, or leaves,
bruifed, and put into the noftrils, ftayeth the bleeding thereof, and taketh away
the flefh growing in them, called polipus. The juice of the leaves, or the decoétion
of them, or of the roots, is very good to wafh either old, rotten, or ftinking, fores ;
fiftulas, and gangrenes, and fuch as are fretting, eating, and corroding; fcabs,
manginefs, and itch, in any part of the body; as alfo green wounds, by wafhing
them therewith, or applying the green herb, bruifed thereunto, even although the
flefh fhould be feparated from the bones. ‘The fame, on being applied to the limbs, _
when wearied, refrefheth them, and ftrengtheneth, drieth, and comforteth, fuch
P laces as have been put out of joint, after having been fet again; as alfo fuch parts

of the human body as are fubje&t tothe gout or other achs, greatly eafing the pain

| thereof ; and the defluxion of humours upon the joints or finews it alfo relieveth, | 2
by drying up or difperfing the defluxions. An ointment made of the juice, oil, and
a little Wax, is exceedingly good to rub cold and benumbed members. An. ha r
_ of green nettles, and another of wall-wort, or Dane-wort, bruifed and applied —

ae : 4A - > fimply

268 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

fimply of themfelves, to the gout, fciatica, or joint-achs, in any part, hath been
found to be an admirable help in = of that nature.

NIGHTSHADE.

Description. COMMON nightfhade hath an upright, round, green, hol-
low, ftalk, about a foot or half a yard high, fhooting forth into many branches,
whereon grow numerous green leaves, fomewhat broad and pointed at the ends, foft
and full of juice, fomewhat like unto bafil, but larger, and a little unevenly dented
about the edges; at the tops of the ftalks and branches, come forth three or more
white fowers compofed of five {mall pointed leaves apiece, ftanding on a ftalk toge-
ther one above another, with yellow pointels in the middle, compofed of four or
five yellow threads fet together, which afterwards turn into fo many pendulous
green berries of the bulk of fmall peas, full of green juice, and fmall whitifh round
flat feed lying within it. The root is white, and alittle woody when it hath given
flowers and fruit, with many fmall fibres at it. The whole plant is of a watery in-
fipid taite; but the juice within the berries is fomewhat vifcous, and of a cooling
and binding quality.
Piace. It groweth wild in this kingdom, and in rubbifh, the common paths and
fides of hedges, in fields ; and alfo in gardens, without any planting.
Time. It dieth annually, and rifeth again of its own fowing; but fpringeth not
until the latter end of April at the foonelt.
~GovernMENT AND Virtuzs. It is acold faturnine plant. The common night-
thade i is wholly ufed to cool hot inflammations, eirther inwardly or outwardly, being
no ways dangerous, as the other nightfhades are; yet it muft be ufed moderately 5
5 the diftilled water only of the whole herb is fitteft and fafeft to be taken inwardly,
—— the juice, being clarified and mixed with a little vinegar, is very good to wath the
- rpouth and throat, when inflamed. Outwardly, the juice of the herb or berries
a little vinegar and cerufe, pounded together in a leaden mortar, is very good
all hot inflammations in the eyes; it is alfo very good for the fhingles,
rms, and in all running, fretting, and corroding, ulcers ; and in moift fiftu-
‘ las, if sie se be mixed with hen’s-dung and applied thereunto. A cloth, wet in
at id applied to the tefticles, when fwelled, giveth much eafe, as alfo to
the gout which ; ifeth from hot and fharp humours. The juice dropped into the
ears eafeth pains thereof, arifing from heat or inflammation, Pliny faith, it is
for hot fwellings under the throat, Care muft be taken th 7 the deadly nightfhade
is not miftaken for this. — =

DEADLY

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. ag

-

LY DEADLY NIGHTSHADE.

Description. THE flower is bell-fhaped ; it hath a permanent empalement of
one leaf, cut into five parts ; it hath five ftamina rifing from the bafe of the petal ; in
the centre is fituated an oval germen, which becomes a globular berry, having two
cells fitting on the empalement, and filled with kidney-fhaped feeds. It is of a cold
nature; in fome it caufeth fleep ; in‘others madnefs, and, fhortly after, death.

This plant fhould not be fuffered to grow in any places where children refort, for.
it is a {trong poifon ; ‘feveral inftances having happened where children have beer
killed by eating the berries.

There is a remarkable inftance of the direful effects of this plant recorded in Bu-
chanan’s Hiftory of Scotland ; wherein he gives an account of the deftruction of the
army of Sweno, when he invaded Scotland, by mixing a quantity of the juice of
thefe berries in the drink which the Scots, by the truce, were to fupply them with;
this fo intoxicated the Danes, that the Scots fell upon them in their fleep, and killed
the greateft part of them; fo that there were fcarcely men enough left to carry off |
their king,

. WOODY NIGHTSHAD

CALLED alfo bitter fweet, dulcamara, and amara dulcis,

Piace. It grows by the fides of hedges, and in moift ditches, climbing upon the
bufhes; with winding, woody, but brittle, ftalks.

- Time. Itis perennial, and flowers in June and July.

Virturs. The roots and ftalks, on firft chewing them, yield a confiderable bit-
ternefs, which is foon followed by an almoft honey-like fweetnefs ; and they have
been recommended in different diforders, as high refolvents and deobftruents.
Their fenfible operation is by fweat, urine, and ftool ; the dofe from four to fix
ounces of a tincture made by — four to fix ounces of the twigs in a quart ‘of:
white wine. ;

Um MAVEL- WORT, os PENNY-WORT.

Names anp Kinps. IT is called ambilicus veneris and berba conendicum, There, ta

are feven different kinds. sista ge
Description anp Virturs. I The {mall navel-wort is moift ae fo

cold and binding. Itcogleth and repelleth, fcoureth and confumeth, =
oe 2 2 The

270 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

2; The water penny-wort is hot and ulcerating, like crows-foot ; and is very dan.
erous to cattle who may occafionally feed thereon. Dee :

3. The baftard Italian navel-wort partakes of the true in cold and ain

4. The juice of the wall penny-wort healeth all inflammations and Bie: tumours,
as the eryfipelas, or St. Anthony’s fire ; it healeth kibed heels, being batheth there-
with and the leaves applied. The leaves and root break the ftone, provoke urine,
and cure the dropfy. Thediftilled water healeth fore kidneys, pains of the bowels,
piles, gout, and king’s evil.

5: The common or one-fummer’s navel-wort is diuretic, not very hot, but ex-
ceeding. dry. It provoketh urine, and digefteth fliminefs in the joints. Two
drachms drunk in wine will expel much urine from dropfical perfons ; and, ap-
plied, will alfo eafethe gout.

6,7. The fpotted and fmall red-flowered navel-wort are cold and moift, like
houfe-leek.

Puace. The firft fort croweth on ftone walls; the other forts are only found 0 on
the Alps.

Time. They flower in the beginning of the {fpring, but flourith all the winter. ~

Be xrwrvewore

Aiaaes AND Kinps. OF this there are three kinds: 1. The sindidiaey nipplewort,
€alled i in Latin lampfana vulgaris. 2. The nipplewort of Auftria, called lampfana
papillaris. 3- Wild or wood baftard-nipplewort, foncho affinis oe stn folvacica.
And i in Pruffia, as faith Camerarius, they call it papillaris.

- Descript 10n. 1. The ordinary nipplewort groweth with many hard upright
‘ ftalks, whereon grow dark-green leaves from the bottom to the top; but the higher
| “the fmallers i in fome places without any dents in the edges, and in others with a few

: jags therein, fomewhat like a kind of hankweed ; the tops ef the ftalks have.
nal long branches, which bear many {mall ftar-like yellowifh flowers on

hem, which turn into {mall feed thé root is fmall and fibrous; the plant yieldeth
a bitter milk }

2, The Auttri nipplewort hath flender, fmooth, and folid, ftalks, not calily
broken, see wi feet high, whereon ftand, without order, fomewhat long and

narrow leaves, proadeft in the middle, and fharp at the ends, waved a little about
the edges, and compaffing them at the bottom, yielding a little milk ; from the
upper joints, with the leav eS, grow forth {mall firm branches, yet a little bending,

bearing each of them four ir five Jong green hufks, and in them {mail purplih

flowers

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 271

flowers of five leaves each, notched in at the broad ends, with fome finall threads
in the middle ; which turn into down, and are blown away with the wind: the root :
is fmall and fhreddy, and lateth many years,

3. The wild or wood baftard-nipplewort is like unt o the firft fort, but with fome- -
what broader leaves, and greater {tore of branches: but in the flowers, and other
parts, not much different.

Pract anv Time. The firft groweth common, almott every where, upon the
banks of ditches and borders of fields; the fecond, Clufius faith he found in Hun-
gary and Saxony, and other places; the lait is found near the fides of woods, and
hedge-rows ; they flower in fummer, and the feed is ripe foon after.

GovERNMENT AND Virtues. Thefe are plants of Venus, and kindly endued
- with a peculiar faculty tor the healing of fore nipples of women’s breatts; for which
reafon Camerarius faith that in Pruffiathey call it papillaris, becaufe ot its excellent
Virtues in healing women’s fore breafts, as well as their nipples, when they are ex.
ulcerated ; it having a fingular healing quality therein; and is temperate in heat
and drinefs, with fome tenuity of parts able co. andl the etry of nar hu.»
mours which break out intochofe parts.

Tus NUTMEG-TREE, asp MACE.

“Names anp Description. THE fruit of this tree is called in Latin nux myftica,
and in thops nux mofcata. The tree groweth very tall, like our pear-trees ; having
leaves always green, fomewhat refembling the leaves of the orange-tree ; the fruit |
Sroweth like our walnuts, having an outer thick hufk ; which, when it grows ripe
Openeth icfelf as the thell of the walnut doth ; fhewing the nut withincovered with
the mace, which is of an orient crimfon colour while it is 5 fet, but the air changeth
the colour to be more dead and yellowith. _

~GovernMENT AnD Viaturs. The nutmegs and maces are both folar, of tem-

perature hot and dry in the fecond degree, and fomewhat aftringent, and are good
to ftay the lafk ; ; they are effectual in all cold griefs of the head or brain, for palfies, —
fhrinking of finews, and difeafes of the mother ; they caufe a {weet breath, and dif-
cufs wind in the ftomach or bowels, quicken the fight and comfort the {pirits, pro-—
voke urine, increafe fperm, and are comfortable tothe ftomach 5 they help to pro- ~ |
cure reft ~ fleep, es laid to the temples, ws allaying the diftemper af he we 4

irits.

The way to shes it to procure. ‘kin, to take two pieces of red. solicoala andi wate,

‘in vinegar over a chafing-dith of coals, then fcrape nutmeg upon the cakes,
and bind it warm to the temples.

No. 19, | 4B Jess _ The

272 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

The mace is of the fame property, but fomewhat more warming and comforting”
than the nutmeg ; the thick oil that is drawn from both nutmegs and mace is good
in pe€toral complaints, to warm a cold ftomach, help the cough, and to dry up
diftillations of rheum falling upon the lungs.

Tue OAK

IS fo well known (the timber thereof being the glory and fafety of the Britifh
nation) that it needeth no defcription.

GOVERNMENT AND Virtugs. Jupiter owns the tree. The leaves and bark of
the oak; and the acorn cups, do bind and dry very much ; the inner bark of the
tree, and the thin fkin that covereth the acorn, are moft ufed to ftay the fpitting of
blood, and the bloody flux ; the decoétion of the bark, and the powder of the cups,
{tay vomiting, fpitting of blood, bleeding at the mouth, or other fluxes of blood in
men or women :.lafks alfo, and the involuntary flux of natural feed. ‘The acorns
in powder taken in wine provoke urine, and refift the poifon of venomous
creatures. ‘The docoction of acorns and the bark made in milk, and taken, refifteth
the force of poifonous herbs and medicines, as alfo the virulency of cantharides,
when any perfon, by eating them, hath the bladder exulcerated, and evacuateth
blood. Hippocrates faith, he ufedthe fumes of oak-leaves to women that were
troubled with the ftrangling of the mother ; and Galen applied them, being bruifed,
to cure green wounds, The diftilled water of the oaken buds, before they break
out into leaves, is good. to be ufed either inwardly or outwardly to affuage inflam-
= nations, and ftop all manner of fluxes in man or woman; it is alfo fingularly good

in peftilential : and hot burning fevers, as it refifteth the fo.ce of the infection, and
: allayeth the heat; it cooleth the heat of the liver, breaketh the ftone in the kidneys,
and ftayeth women’s ‘courfes. The decoétion of the leaves hath the fame effects.
The, aser that is found in the hollow places of old oaks, is very effectual againtt
iny foul or fpreading fab. The diftilled water or decoction (which laft is. pretet-
ab] ie. adhe is one of the beft remedies known for the Auor albus, -

Ago ats.

, om known : avena is the Latin name ; they are grown in every
pas? the globe where agriculture is carried on. They are fown in fpring, and
mown or reaped in September and Oétober ; but in the northern parts of this king-

dom itis frequently much later before aie are cut down,
Ses NATURE °

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. oy

Nature AND Virtues. They are fomewhat cold and drying, and aré more ufed
. for food, both for man and beaft, than for phyfic; yet, being quilted in a bag with
bay falt, made hot in-a frying-pan, and applied as warm as can be endured, they eafe
pains and ftitches in the fide, and the-cholic in the belly. A poultice made of the
meal of oats.and oil of bays, helpeth the itch, leprofy,, and fiftulas, and difcuffeth
hard impofthumes. Oatmeal boiled in vinegar, and applied, takes away fpots and
freckles in the face or other parts of the body. | It-is alfowfed in-broth or milk, to
bind thofe who have a la{k, or other flux; and with fugar it is good for them-that >
havea cough.or cold, Raw catimeal is an unwholefome diet. ty

ONE-BLADE,

Description. -THIS fmall plant never beareth more 6 that one leaf, except only
when it-rifeth up with its (talk, in which cafe ‘it beareth another, but feldom more,
which are of a bluifh green colour, pointed, with many: ribs or veins therein, like
plantain ; at the top of the ftalk grow many {mall white flowers, in the form of a'ftar,
fmelling fomewhat {weet ; after which come fmall berries, of a reddith colour when
they are ripe. The root is fmall, of the bignefs of a rufh, lying and pan pecad
the upper cruft of the earth, fhooting forth in divers places. ~~

‘Prace It groweth in moift, se Oil ‘and igs eae of Me see in mot parts
of the kingdom,

Tims. It Aowereth seule May ; ; the berries we ripe in Fae it then peel)
a until the next year, when it fpringeth afrefh from the old root. —

~ GovernMENT AND Virtues. It isa precious herb of the fun. Halfa a as, |
or at moft a drachm, in powder of the roots, taken-in wine and vinegar, of cach
equal parts, and the party laid dire&tly down to fweat thereupon, is held to be a fo-
vercign remedy for thofe that are infeéted with the plague, and havea fore upon
them, by expelling the poifon and infeétion, and defending the heart and {pirits
from danger. It is an exceeding good wound-herb, and is therefore ufed’ with
Others of the like nature, in making compound balms for curing wounds, either
_ whether they are frefh and green, or old and Lee and peeiely if the finews
have been burnt,

Pena and Lobel feverally made experimens ¢ of the quality of this plant, - upon two.

dogs, and found i it was not dangerous, | but effectual to expel the deadly operation. of ue

corrofive fublimate ape arfenic..

274 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Src in Fes.
_ IT hath a great variety of names, though moft generally known by this.

Description. Toenumerateall the different forts of it is needlefs; a defcription

of the roots will be fufficient, which areto be ufed with fome difcretion, They _
have each of them a double root within, fome of them round, others like a hand;
thefe roots alter every year alternately; when the one rifeth and waxeth full, the
other groweth lank and perifheth; now it is thofe which are full-grown that areto —
be ufed in medicine, the other being either of no ufe-at all, or elfe, according to
fome, thwarting the operation of the full-grown root, and undoing what otherwife
it might have effected. 7 ;

Time. One or other of them may be found in Rewer from the beginning of
April to the latter end of Auguft, —

GovEeRNMENT AND Virtues. They are hot and moift in operation; under the
dominion of Venus, and provoke Juft exceedingly ; which, it is faid, the dry and
withered roots reftrain again; they are held to kill worms in children; alfo, being
bruifed and applied to the place, tohelp the king’ s evil.

Mec see ‘Lei

THEY are fo well known that their defcription is unneceffary.
- GovenNMENT AND Virtues. Mars owns them. They poffefs the quality of
drawing corruption to them, for, if you peel one and lay it upon a dunghili, you
will find ft rotten in half a day, by drawing putrefaétion to it; it is theretore natural
to fuppofe they would have the fame attraétive power if applied to a plague-fore. .
Onions are Alatulent, or windy, yet do they whet the appetite, increafe thirit, and
eafe the belly and bowels; provoke the menfes; help the bite of a mad dog, and
other venomous creatures, when ufed with honey and rue, and increafe fperms

efpecially the feed of them; they alfo kill the worms in children, if they drink the
water fafting wherein they have been fteeped all night. Being roafted under the

embers, and eaten with honey, or fugar and oil, they conduce much to help an in-
_veterate cough, and expeétorate the tough phlegm. The juice, being {fnuffed up into
the noftrils, purgeth the head, and helpeth the lethargy; yet the eating them t00
frequently occafions the head-ach. The eating of onions, fafting, with bread and

| = is Beet to be a good prefervative againft infection. If a great onion js made

: I ‘ hollow,

AND COMPLETE HERBAL’... 295

hollow, filling the place with good treacle, afterwards roafting it on ‘the aie.
then throwing away the outward fkin, and beating the remainder well together, is
accounted a fovereign remedy for either the plague-fore or any other putrid ulcer.
The juice of onions is reckoned good for fcalds or burns, occafioned either by fire,
boiling water, or'gunpowder; and, ufed with vinegar, taketh away all blemifhes,
fpots, and marks, in the fkin ; and, dropped into the ears, eafeth the pain and noife
thereof. If applied, beaten together with figs, they help to ripen, and caufe in
puration in, impofthumes.

_ Onions, if bruifed, and mixed with falt and honey, will effectually pareaait Warts, w
caufing them to come out by the roots.

_ Leeks participate of nearly the fame quality as onions, ehough not in fo great a
degree, They are faid to be an antidote againft a furfeit occafioned by the eating of +
mufhrooms, being firft baked under the embers, and then taken when doce
cool to be eaten ; being boiled, and applied warm, sey re frepacet >

OrR Prd! Wei EB.

Description. COMMON orpine rifeth up with divers round brittle ftalks
thick fet with fat and flefhy leaves, without any order, and very little dented about
the edges, of a pale green colour; the flowers are white, or whitifh, growing in
tufts, after which, come {mall chaff-like hufks, with feed-like duft in them. The
‘roots are various in their thape and fize, and the plant does not grow fo Jag i in fone
places as in others.

It is to be found in almoft every part of this kingdom, moft commonly i in itis
where it groweth to a larger fize than that which is is wild; 3 itis alfo to be found i in
‘the thadowy- fides of fields and woods. _

Time. It flowereth about July, and: the feed i is ripe in “aan”

Government anp Virtues. The moon owns this herb. ‘Orpine i is feldom fed
‘in inward medicines with us, although Trague faith, from experience in Germany,
that the diftilled water thereof is profitable for gnawings or excoriations in the fto- =
mach and bowels, and for ulcers in the lungs, liver, or other inward parts ; as alfo ) re
inthe n matrix; being drunk for feveral days fucceffively, i it helpeth all thofe difeaf a
he alfo fays it ftayeth the fharpnefs of the humours in the bloody flux, and other
fluxes of the body, or in wounds ; the root thereof hath alfo the : fame effect it

—ufed outwardly to cool any heat or inflammation t upon any hurt or ‘wound,’ ‘
. ee Pains of ‘them 5 as alfo to heal {calds o or ‘burns. The j juice thereof b
Novig. : Fa Patt ia! og = ee

ye

w

276 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

fome fallad oi), and therewith anointing the parts, or the leaf bruifed and laid to any
green wounds in the hands and legs, doth quickly heal them; and, being bound to
the throat, much helpeth the quinfey ; it is likewife found fervicable in ruptures.

The juice thereof, made into a fyrup with honey or fugar, may be fafely taken, a
fpoonful or two at a time, and with good effect, for a quinfey ; and will be found
more fpeedy in operation, as well as pleafant in tafte, than fome other medicines pre
fcribed for that diforder. :

Gf Ta: OLIVE-TREE.

“Kinps and Names. OF thefe there are the tame and manured olive, and the

wild olive-tree; the firft is called in Latin olea fativa, and the wild kind oleafter, five

olea_fyiveftris. |

Description. 1. It has afmalltubulous impalement of one leaf, cut into four
fegments at the top; the former confifts of one petal, which is tubulous, cut at the
brim into four fegments; it has two fhort ftamina, terminated by ereét fummits,

_ and a roundifh germen, fupporting a fhort fingle ftyle, crowned by a thick bifid

ftigma ; the germen. afterwards turns to an oval fmooth fruit, or berry, with one
cell, inclofing an oblong oval nut. In Languedoc and Provence, where the olive-

tree is greatly cultivated, they propagate it by truncheons {plit from the roots of the

trees; for, as thefe trees are frequently hurt by hard frofts in winter, fo, when the
tops are killed, they fend up feveral ftalks from the root; and, when thefe are
grown pretty ftrong, they feparate them with an axe from the root; in the doing of
which they are careful to preferve a few roots to the truncheons; thefe are cut off in
the {pring after the danger of the froft is over, and planted about two feet deep in
_ the ground. Thefe trees will grow in almoft any foil; but, when planted in rich
-moift ground, they grow larger, and make a finer appearance, than in poor land}
the fruit i is of lefs efteem, becaufe the oil made from it is not fo good as that
’ produced in a leaner foil; chalky ground i is efteemed beft for them; and
“the oil, mad ¢ from the trees growing in that fort of land, is much finer, ‘and’ will
ni ser. than the other. In England, the plants are only preferved by pee a
curiofity, and are ‘placed i in winter in-the green-houfe for variety.
2. Oleafter, the wild olive-tree, groweth fomewhat like unto the sisted but
it hath harder and fmaller leaves, and thicker fet on the branches, with fundry fharp
thorns among the leaves; the bloffoms and fruit come forth in the fame manner 4s

the other do, and in as great plenty, but much finaller, and fcarce coming at any
- time

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 277

time to ripenefs where they naturally grow ; but, where they do become ripe, they
are fmall, with crooked points, and black. Of the olives hereof oil is fometimes
_ made, which is colder and more aftringent than the other, and harfher in tafte and
greenifh in colour ; but the olives are much refpeéted, and gathered to be eaten.

Piace AND Tsme.. Both kinds of olives grow in the hot countries only ; in any
cold climate, they will never bear fruit, nor hardly endure a winter ; the manured is
planted where it groweth, and, according to the nature of the foil or climate, pro-
duceth larger or fmaller olives, and in more or lefs plenty ; and oil fweeter or more
{trong in tafte. The fineft and fweeteft oil comes from the ifles in the Mediterranean
fea, as Zante, Cerigo, &c. that from Majorca, &c, is more full and fat; the oil
from Provence, in France, is ftronger and hotter tafted. The wild olives grow na-
turally in Spain, Portugal, Italy, and many other countries. They flower in June
and July, but their fruit is not ripe until November or December.

GoveRNMENT AND Vitues. The olive-tree is a plant of Venus, and of gentle ;
temperature. The green leaves and branches of the olive-tree, but much more of
the wild olive, do cool and bind ; and the juice thereof, mixed with vinegar, is
peculiarly ferviceable in all hot impofthumes, inflammations, fwellings, Sc. An-
thony’s fire, fretting or creeping ulcers, and cankers in the fiefh or mouth. The
fame al{o ftayeth the bleeding of wounds, being applied to the place; the faid j juice
being dropped into the eyes ftayeth the diftillation of hot rheums into them, and
cleareth the fight from films or clouds that offend the light, or any ulcer that doth
breed therein, or ulcers in the ears.

Pickled olives do ftir up an appetite to meat, and, although they be hard of di-
geftion, yet are pleafing to the ftomach, being apt to putrefy therein; they are not
good for the eye-fight, and caufe the head-ach; if they be dried, and applied to

fretting and corroding ulcers, they ftop their progrefs, and heal them; and take ©
_ away the {cars of carbuncles, or plague-fores. The pickled olives burned, beaten,

and applied unto wheals, ftop their further increafe, and hinder them from rifing ;

+ they cleanfe foul ulcers, help gums that are fpungy, and faften loofe teeth,

- Thewater, that istaken from the green wood when heated in the fire, healeth the

Stings orfcab in the head, or other parts ; the olive-ftones, being burned, are ufed

for the fame purpofes, and alio toheal foul fpreading ulcers ; and, being mixed. s wit is :

» fat and meal, they take away the ruggednefs of the nails.
The other properties of the olive are contained in the oil, and the foot or staat :

of the tree. Firft, the oil has divers and variable virtues, according to the ripenels

se unripenefs of the : fruit whereof i itis made, and then of the time and: bts: hereof,

28 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,
and of the wathing it fromthe falt wherewith fome of it is made, The oil that is

~ made of unripe olives is more cooling and binding than that which is made of thofe

that areripe ; which, when it is frefh and new, is moderately heating and ‘moilten-
ing: but, if it it be old, it hath a {tronger force to warm and difcufs, which properties

are perceivable by its fweetnefs ; for, if the oil be harfh, it is more cooling than
_ warming; and, if that oil be wafhed, it taketh from itall harfhnefs.

The green oil of unripe olives, while it is frefh, is moft welcome to the ftomach ;

_ it ftrengtheneth the gums, and fafteneth the teeth, if it be held in the mouth for

any time; and, being drunk, it preventeth too great a perfpiration in thofe who are

-fubject thereunto, The {weet oil is of moft ufe in fallads, &c. being moft pleafing
~ tothe it itomach and tafte;. but the older the oil is, the better it is for medicine, both’

to warm any part, and difcufs any thing where needful ; and to.open and move the

| belly downwards ; and is moft effectual againft all poifons, efpecially thofe that ex-
ai ulcerate the inteftines, or, not having pafied down fo low, irritate the ftomach ; the —

oil either bringing it up by vomiting, or at leaft hindering its malignity from fpread-
“it ng. Itis alfoa principal ingredient i in almoft all lalyes, helping as well the form i
as ‘the virtue thereof.

The foot, or dregs of the oil, the older it is, isthe better for various purpofes, as

to heal the fcab inman or beaft, being ufed with the decottion of lupines. It is very

profitably ufed for ulcers of the faundament or privy parts, when mixed with honey,

7 wine, and vinegar ; it healeth wounds, and helpeth the tooth-ach being held in the

~ mouth ; fi it be boiled in a copper veffel to the thi¢knefs of honey, it bindeth much

: 3 and is effectual for all the purpofes for which lycinus may be ufed ; if it be boiled
3 with the juice of unripe grapes to the thicknefs of Boney and age: to the teeth, a

will caufe them to fall out.

fore Hercules madeit one of his labours to kill the dragon that

called irda ancizthe maamlaisTierides, she dlicyapciee ome

i} er > they were, and to bring them away with him. The flowers i

now yall, called aurantia. £3,

ae. ~with
+S ak > bids - - . ee ae

5 with rg cing sme td ges

re called: napha, and the ointment that is made of them ee ei

J tie SmoothBroad_
; yi) \ Leavil Plantain Qa

nt
| ey a)

Wi a Ler pray bardenlarfnriqe =

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 279

with arougher bark below, and green on the branches; yet is it fmaller in lefs
fruitful foils; {paringly armed with fharp but thort thorns; the leaves are fomewhat
fimilar to thofe of the lemon, but that each leaf hath a piece of a leaf fet under ir,
are not dented at all about the edges, and are full of fmall holes in them; the fowers
are whitifh, and of a ftrong fweet {cent ; the fruit thereof is round, with a thick bit-
ter rind, of a deep yellowifh-red colour, which from it taketh the name of an orange
colour, having a foft, thin, white loofe fubftance next unto the outer coloured rind;
and a four juice lying mixed amongft {mall fkins in feveral parts, with feed between
them in partitions ; the juice of fome is lefs four than others, and of a tafte between
four and fweet, nearly like wine.

| 2. The wild or crab orange-tree, malus aurantia fylvefris. This tree groweth
wild as our crab-trees do, and is fuller of branches and thicker fet with thorns than
the former. 5

3. The apple orange, called in Latin malus aurantia, cortice dele eduli. The Spa-

aiuids call this orange waranja caxel. This differeth from others not fo much in the
colour of the outer bark, which is of a deep gold yellowifh-red, but in the whole
fruit, which is throughout almoft as firm as an apricot, and yet diftinguifhed into
parts, in the infide, like others; which, together with the bark and rind, is to be
€aten like an apple; the rind not being rough and bitter as the others,
- 4. The orange without feeds, malus aurantia, unico grano. This. only differeth
from that orange which has the beft four juice, in having but one grain or feed in

the whole juice lying within it.
5. The dwarf orange-tree, malus aurantia pumilia. The {tock of this dwarf-tree is
Jow, and the branches grow thick, well ftored with leaves, but they are fmaller and

_____ Rarrower than the other; the flowers alfo are many, and thick fet on the branches, —

which bear fruit more plentifully than the former, though of a fmaller fize, yet
equally well-coloured.

_ Piaczt anp Time. All thefe forts of oranges, as well as the lemons and citrons,
are brought unto us from Spain and Portugal; they hold time with the lemons,
having their leaves always green, with green bloffoms and ripe fruit conftandly ¢ to-
gether,

Government AND pret All thefe trees and fruits are governed by Jupiter,
The fruit is of different parts and qualities; the rind of the oranges is more bitter —
and hot than thofe of the lemons or citrons, and are therefore preferable to warm @
cold ftomach, breaking the wind and cutting the phlegm therein ; after the bitter-
nefs is taken from them, by fteeping them in water for fundry days, and then pre-

No. 19. 4D : ferved

280 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

ferved either wet or dry, befide their ufe in banquets, they are very effectual for
ftrengthening the heart and fpirits. Though the juice is inferior to thofe of the ci-
tron and lemon, and fitter for meat than medicine, yet four or five ounces of the
juice taken at a time, in wine or ale, will drive forth putrid humours from the ins
ward parts by fweat, and ftrengthen and comfort the heart. The diftilled water of
- the flowers, befides the odoriterous fcent it hath as a perfume, is good againft con-
tagious difeafes and peftilential fevers, by drinking thereof at fundry times, it
helpeth alfo the moift and cold infirmities of the womb; the ointment that is made
of the flowers is good to anoint the ftomach, to help the cough, and expeétorate cold
raw phlegm and to warm and comfort the other parts of the body. ;

YUrarsLEy.

THIS is fo well known that it needs no defcription.

GoveRNMENTAND Virtues. Itis under the dominion of Mercury, and is very
comfortable to the ftomach ; it helpeth to provoke urine, women’s courfes, and to
break wind both in the ftomach and bowels; it a little openeth the body, but the
root poffeffeth this laft virtue in a greater degree, opening obftructions both of the
liver and fpleen; and is therefore accounted one of the five opening roots ; Galen
commendeth it againft the falling ficknefs, and fays it mightily provokes urine, if
boiled and eaten like'parfnips. The feed is alfo effectual to provoke urine and wo-
men’s courfes, expel wind, break the ftone, and eafe the pains and torments there-
of, or of any other part of the boby, occafioned by wind. It is alfo effectual againft
the venom of any poifonous creature, and the dangerous confequences which arife

from the taking of litharge ; and is good againft a cough. The diftilled water of
Be ‘parfley is a familiar medicine with nurfes to give to children when they are troubled _—
- with wind in the ftomach or belly, which they call the frets ; it is alfo greatly ufeful
to grown perfons. The leaves of parfley, when ufed with bread or meal, and laid
to the eyes that are inflamed with heat, or fwoln, doth greatly relieve them ; and,
being fried with butter, and applied to women’s breafts that are hard through the
curdling of the milk, it quickly abateth the hardnefs; it alfo taketh away black and
blue marks arifing from bruifes or falls. The juice, dropped into the ears with @
‘little wine, eafeth the pains thereof: Tragus recommends the following, as an ¢x-
cellent medicine to help the jaundice and falling ficknefs, the dropfy, and ftone in
the kidneys, viz. Take of the feeds of parfley, fennel, anife, and carraways, of
each an ounce; of the roots of parfley, burnet, faxifrage, and carraways, of each

- one ounce and an half; let the feeds be bruifed, and the roots wafhed and cut fmall;

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 281

let them lie all night in fteep in a pottle of white wine, and in the morning be boiled
in a clofe earthen veffel until a third part or more be wafted, which being ftrained
and cleared, take four ounces thereof morning and evening, firft and laft, abftain-
ing from drink after it for three hours. This openeth obitructions of the liver and
iplera, and expelleth the dropfy and jaundice by urine.

PARSLEY-PIERT, or PARSLEY-BREAKSTONE.

Descriprion. THE root, although it be fmall and thready, yet it continues
many years, from whence arife many leaves lying along upon the ground, each
ftanding upon a long fmall footftalk, the leaves as broad as a man’s nail, very deeply
indented on the edges, fomewhat like a parfley leaf, but of a very dusky green co-
four. The ftalks are very weak and flender, about three or four fingers in length,
fet fo full of leaves that they can hardly be feen, either having no footftalk at all,
or but very fhort. The flowers are fo {mall they can hardly be feen, and the feed is
{carcely perceptible at all. .

Prac. It is common through all parts of, the kingdom, and is generally to be
met with in barren, fandy, and moitt, places. It may be found plentifully about
Hampftead-heath, in Hyde-park, and in other places near London.

Time. It may be found all the fummer through, from the beginning of —

the end of Oétober.
_ GoverNMeNT AND Virtuszs, Itsoperation is very prevalent to provoke urine
and to break the ftone. It is a very good fallad herb, and would pickle for winter
ufe as well as famphire. It isa very wholefome herb. A dram of the powder of it,
taken in white wine, brings away gravel from the kidneys met and without
are, Tt alfo helps the pliant .

Tb PARSNIP.

THE garden kind thereof i is fo well known (the root lccenemnindy eaten) fies

to particularize it is totally unneceffary ; but, the es ne
ule, the following is its

- Description, The wild parfnip differeth little feted that of the eediit be on

not grow fo fair or large, nor has it fo many leaves ; the root is fhorter, more woody, ;

_ and not fo ft-to be eaten therefore the more medicinal. ee
Phace. Thenameof the firft fheweth the place of its growth.

22 jj.CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

_ The other groweth wild in divers places, as in the marfhes by Rochefter, and elfe.
hone: and flowereth in July; the feed being ripe about the beginning of or
‘the fecond year after the fowing; feldom flowering the firft year.
GOVERNMENT AND Virtues. The garden parfnip is under Venus. Tt is ex-
ceeding good and wholefome nourifhment, though rather windy ; itis faid to proe
_-voke venery, notwithftanding which it fatteneth the body much, if frequently ufed.
It is alfo ferviceable to the ftomach and reins, and provoketh urine. But the wild
parfnip hath a cutting, attenuating, cleanfing, and opening, quality therein. It
_ yefifteth and helpeth the bitings of ferpents, eafeth pains and ftitches in the fides,
and diffolveth wind both in the ftomach and bowels; it alfo provoketh urine. The
root is often ufed, but the feed much more.
The wild parfnip being preferable to that of the garden, fhews-nature to _ the -
bett phyfician.

« ithe i

-

CO W- PARSNIP.

“Description. THIS groweth with three or four large, fpread, ‘thie isi,
leaves, lying often on the ground, or elfe raifed a little from it, with long, round,
hairy, footftalks under them, parted ufually into five divifions, the two couples
ftanding againft each other, and one at the end, and each leaf being almoft round,
yet fomewhat deeply cut in on the edges in fome leaves, and not fo deep in others,
of awhitifh green colour, fmelling fomewhat ftrongly; among which arifeth up a
round crefted hairy ftalk, two or three feet high, with a few joints and leaves there-
on, and branched at the top, where ftand Jarge umbels of white, and fometimes
reddifh, flowers, and, after them, flat, whitifh, thin, winged feed, two always joined
together. The root is long and white, with two or three long {trings growing down
ants the Meee fmelling likewife ftrong and unpleafant.

Lace. It groweth in moift meadows, the borders and corners of fields, and
ie itches, generally throughout the kingdom,
s Tail . It flowereth in July, and feeds in Auguft. ©

- GoveRNMENT anD Virtues. Mercury hath the dominion over them. The
feed thereof, as Galen faith, is of a fharp and cutting quality, and is therefore 4 fit
medicine for the cough and fhortnefs of breath, the falling ficknefs, and the jaun-
dice. The root is avighble to all the purpofes aforefaid, and is alfo of great ufeto
take away the hard skin that groweth on a fiftula, by fcraping it upon the part.
The feed hereof, beiogideaaley cleanfeth the belly from tough phlegmatic matter s

it

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 283

it eafeth thofe that are liver-grown, and paftions of the mother, either being drunk
or the fmoke thereof inhaled by fumigation; it raifeth fuch as have fallen into a
deep fleep, or lethargy, by burning ic under their nofe. The feed and root, being
boiled in oil, and the head rubbed therewith, help not only thofe labouring un-
der a phrenzy, but alfo the lethargy or drowfy evil, and thofe that have been long
troubled, when mixed with rue. Italfo helpeth the running {cab and the fhingles,
The juice of the flowers, dropped into the ears that run and are full of matter,
cleanfeth and healeth them, | :

_L7OP BR ACH-TREE,

_ Description. THE peach-tree does not grow fo large as the apricot-tree, yet
hath it tolerably wide-fpreading branches, from whence {pring {maller reddith twigs,
whereon are fet long and narrow green leaves, dented about the edges. The blof-
foms are larger than the plumb, and of a light purple colour. The fruit is round,
and fometimes as big gga middle-fized pippin; others are imaller, and differing in
colour and tafte, as ruff, red, or yellow, watery, or firm, with a frieze or cotton
allover, a cleft thereinmike an apricot, and a rugged furrowed great ftone within
_it, which contains a t kernel. It fooner waxeth old and decayeth than the

apricot-tree.

Time. They flower in the oe ig, and fructify in autumn.

Pace. They are nurfed. ens and orchards.

4E

284 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

breath; by adding:thereto fome fweet wine, and putting alfo fome-faffr on therein,
it is good for thofe that are hoarfe, or have loft their voices it helpeth all defeets of
the lungs, and thofe that vomit or fpit blood. ‘Iwo drachms thereof given in the
juiceof lemons, or of radifhes, are good for thofe that are troubled with thesftone.
The kernels of the ftones do wonderfully eafe the pains and wringings of the belly,
occafioned by wind or fharp humours; and make an excellent medicine for the
ftone, when done up in the following manner: take-fifty kernels of peach-ftones,
and one hundred of the kernels of cherry-ftoncs, a handful of elder-flowers, freth
or dried, and three pints of mufcadel; fet them ina clofe pot into a bed of horfe-
dung for ten days; after which diftil it in a glafs, with a gentle fire, and keep it
- for ufe; three or four ounces of it may be drunk at atime. The milk or creamof
thefe kernels being drawn forth with fome vervain-water, and applied to the fore-
head and temples, procures reft and fleep to fick perfons who cannot otherwile get
it. By rubbing the temples with the oil drawn from the kernels the fame effect is
produced. The faid oil, put into clyfters, or anointing the lower part of the belly,
eafeth the pain of the windy cholic, and, when dropped into the ears, relieveth f pain
in them; the juice of the leaves hath the like virtue; and, by rubbing the forehead

and temples, it helpeth the megrim and all other pains in the head, If the kernels
be bruifed and boiled in vinegar, until they become thick, and applied to the head,
it caufeth the hair to grow upon bald places, or where it is too thin.

PPAR -.T REE.

-PEAR-TREES are fo well known that they need no défcrictios:

GovERNMENT AND VirtuEs. This tree belongs to Venus, as well as the apple.
“tree, For their phyfical ufe, they are beft difcerned by their taftes. All-thefweet
‘or lufcious forts, whether manured or wild, tend to open the belly more or lefs;
‘thofe, on the contrary, that are four and harfh, have an aftringent quality ; the
Teaves of ‘each poffefs the fame contrariety of properties. Thofe that are moift are,
: degree, of a cooling nature; but the harfh or wild forts are much more fo,
¢ frequently ufed as repelling medicines 5 if the wild fort be boiled with mufh-
maketh Seas the lefs dangerous. The faid pears, boiled with a little
honey, help much the oppreffion of the ftomach, as indeed all forts of them do
more or lefs; but t he wach kinds are moft cooling and binding. They are very
‘uleful to bind up green ee ftopping the blood and healing the wound with-
‘out further trouble’ ¢ of inflammatior ~-naecmilamnmmeatae oy seer

x Wild

‘AND ‘COMPLETE HERBAL! !') 5 285

Wild pears fooner clofe up the lips of green wounds than the others.
© Schola Salerni advifeth to drink much wine after eating of pears, otherwife (it is
‘faid) they are as bad as poifon; but, if a poor man find his {tomach oppreffed by eat-
mig pes, itis but working hard, which will have the fame effect as drinking wine.

Sg2 PELLITORY:or SPAIN,

COMMON pellitory of Spain, if planted in gardens, thrives very well in this

kingdom. There is a fort, growing wild in this country, which is very little, if at
all, inferior to the other.
3 Description. Pellitory is a very common plant, yet muft be diligently looked
after to be brought to perfection. The root goes downright into the ground, bear-
ing leaves long and finely cut upon the ftalks, lying upon the ground, much larger
than the leaves of camomile are; at the top it bears one fingle large flower at a place,
having a border of many leaves, white on the upper fide, and reddifh underneath.
‘with a yellow thrum in the middle, not ftanding fo clofe'as that of camomile, y

“The other common pellitory, which groweth here fpontaneoufly, hath a root of a

‘tharp biting tafte, fcarcely difcernable by the tafte from that before defcribed, from

whence arife divers brittle ftalks, more than a yard high, with narrow long leaves,
finely dented about the edges, ftanding one above another up to the top. The

flowers are many and white, ftanding in tufts like thofe of yarrow, with a fmall yel-
lowifh thrum in the middle. The feed is very fmall.
Puace. The laft groweth in fields, by the hedge-fides, and paths, almoft every
where in Britain. e |
Time. It flowereth at the latter end of June, and in July... ,
»GoveRNMENT AND Virtues, It is under the government of Mercury, ied: is
anciof the beft purgers of the brain that grows.. An ounce of the juice taken ina
draught of mufcade), an hour before the fit of the ague comes, will affuredly drive
away the ague, at the fecond or third time of taking it at the furtheft: Either the |
herb or root dried and chewed in the mouth, purgeth the brain of phlegmatic hu-
‘ours, thereby not only eafing pains in the head and teeth, but alfo hindering the
iftilling of the brain upon the lungs and eyes, and preventing cough, phthiGicesaid
Nptions, the apoplexy, and falling 1 ficknefs, It is an excellent approved, reme-
dyin, the lethargy, . The powder of the herb or root, being fauffed up the.noftrils,
_ Procureth. {neezing, and eafeth the. head-ach,, Being made into an ointment with
hog’ sclard, it takes away, black and blue b ins iepraccrationsd PY blows or fallen help
beth the gout and {ciatica, et pee.

i¥

286060 CULPEPER’: ‘ENGLISH! PHYSICIAN,

PELLIT OR Y or the W AIL

Description, IT rifeth up with many brownih red, tender, weak, clear, and al-'
moft-tranfparent, ftalks, about two feet high, upon which grow at the feveral joints”
‘two leaves fomewhat broad and long, of a dark green colour, which afterwards"
turns brownith, {mooth on the edges, but rough and hairy, as the’ ftalks are alfo.

- At the joints with the leaves, from the middle of the ftalks upwards, where it fpread-
éth into fome branches, ftand many f{mall, pale, purplifh, flowers, in hairy rough
heads or hufks, after which comes fmall, black, and rough, feed, which fticks to
any cloth or garment it may chance to touch. The root is fomewhat long, with
many fmall fibres thereat, of a dark reddifh colour, which abideth the winter, al-
though the ftalks and leaves perifh, and fpring afrefh every year,

Prace. It generally groweth wild, in moft parts of the kingdom, about the
borders of fields, by the fides of walls, and among rubbifh. It profpereth well
when broughtiup in gardens, and, if once planted on the fhady fide, it will after-

‘wards {pring of itsown fowing. — | 02 ae
Time. It flowereth in June, July, and beginning of Auguft, and the feed is ripe
foon after. . Arid
- GovERNMENT AND Viturs. It is under the dominion of Mercury. The dried
herb pellitory made up into an ele@uary with honey, or the juice of the herb, or the
decottion thereof made up with fugar or honey, is a fingular remedy for any old or

‘dry cough, thortnefs of ‘breath, and wheefing in the throat.. Three ounces of the
juice thereof, taken at a time, greatly help the ftoppage of the urine; and expel the
ftone or gravel in the kidneys or bladder, and are therefore ufually put among other

‘herbs ufed- in clyfters to mitigate pains inthe back, ‘fides, or bowels, proceeding
‘from wind, ftoppage of urine, the gravel, or ftone, ‘as aforefaid. If the bruiféd

herb, fprinkled with fome mufcadine, be warmed upon a tile, or in a'difh, upon a

lick coals in a chafing-difh, and applied to the ‘belly, it hath the fame: effet.
oction of the herb, being drunk, eafeth pains of the’mother, and forwards

we gxele a fr
the teeth.
fame effets

aon bite 3 ia ei
burn, morphew, &

hroat. ‘The juice, if helda while in’ th , eafet a
illed water of the herb, drank’ with fome fugar, prodaceth the
leanfeth the skin from {pots, freckles,” purples; wheals, “fith-

"The juice, dropped into the ears, eaféth the ‘noife thered

and taketh away the pricking and fhooting pains therein. The fame} or the diftilled

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: - 287

water, affwageth hot and fwelling impofthumes, burnings and {caldings by fire or
water ; alfo hot tumours and inflammations, or breakings out, &c. The faid juice
made i into a liniment, with cerufe and oil of rofes, and anointed therewith, cleanfeth
rotten ulcers, and -ftops the running fores in childrens heads, and prevents the hair
from coming off; it is likewife of great fervice to perfons afflicted with the piles,

as it immediately eafeth their pain, and, being mixed with goats tallow, relieveth the’
gout. Thej juice, or herb itfelf, bruifed, with a little falt, is very effectual to cleanfe
-fiftulas and to heal them up fafely: it is alfo of great benefit to any green wound. ’

A poultice made thereof with mallows, and boiled in wine, mixed with wheat, bran,’

“ bean-flowers, and fome oil, being applied warm to any bruifed finew, tendon or muf-

| cle, doth, ina very fhort time, reftore it to its original ftrength.
The juice of pellitory of the wall, clarified and boiled i into a fyrup with honey,
and a {poonful of it drunk every morning, is very good for the dropfy.

~ UG PENNY- RO YA Hees 0 Hoon pads,

Description. THE common penny-royal i is. fo well known, that i it needeth 1 no
defcription.

There is another kind of penny-royal, habacioe to the above, which differeth only
in the largenefs of the leaves and ftalks; in rifing higher, and drooping upon the
ground fo much. The flowers of which are purple, growing in rundles about the
ftalk like the other.

Pracz. The firft, which is common in gardens, groweth alfo in many moift and
watery places in this kingdom. .The fecond is found wild in Effex, and divers pla-
ces on the road from London to Colchetter, and places adjacent.

- Time. They flower in the latter end of fummer.
~GoveRNMENT AND Virtugs. This herb is under Venus. Te oioiics faith, .

that penny-royal maketh tough phlegm thin, warmeth the coldnels of any part that
‘itisappliedto, and digefteth raw ot corrupt matter: being boiled and drunk, it re-
moveth the courfes, and expellech the dead child and after-birth ; béing mixed with
honey and falt, it voideth phlegm out of the lungs. Drunk with wine, itis of fingular
fervice to thofe who are {tung or bit by any venomous beaft ; applied to the noftrils,
-with vinegar, i it is very reviving to “perfons fainting and {wooning ; being dried and.
burnt, -it ‘ftrengtheneth the gums, and is helpful to thofe that are troubled: with the |
Sout; being applied as’a plafter, it taketh away carbuncles and blotches from the igs
face; applied with falt, it helpeth thofe that are fplenetic, or livet-grown. : The de.

2s CULPEPER” 8 ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

coction doth help the itch, if wathed therewith; being put into baths for womento
fit therein, it helpeth the {welling and hardnefs of the mother. The green herb
_ bruifed, and put into vinegar, cleanfeth foul ulcers, and taketh away the marks of
bruifes and blows about the eyes, and all difcolouring of the face by fire, and the
leprofy, being drunk and outwardly applied; boiled in wine, with honey and falt,
it helpeth the tooth ach, It helpeth the cold griefs of the joints, taking away the
pains, and warming the cold parts, being faft bound to the place after a bathing
or fweating. Pliny addeth, that penny-royal and mint together help faintings or
fwoonings, infufed in vinegar, and put to the noftrils, or a little thereof put into
the mouth. It eafeth the head-ach, and the pains of the breaft and belly, ftayeth the
gnawing of the ftomach, and inward pains of the bowels ; being drunk in wine, it
provoketh the courfes, and expelleth the dead childand after-birth ; ; it helpeth the
falling-ficknefs : put into unwholefome or ftinking water that men muft drink, as
at fea, and where other cannot be had, it maketh iclefs hurtful. It helpeth crampsor

convulfions of the finews, being applied with honey, falt, and vinegar. It is vety
effectual for acough, being boiled in milk and drunk, and for ulcers and fores in

the mouth. Mathiolus faith, the deco¢tion thereof, being drunk, helpeth the jaun-
dice, and all pains of the head and finews that come of a cold caufe ; and that it
helpeth to clear and quicken the eye-fight. Applied to the noftrils of thofe thar
have the falling-ficknefs, or the lethargy, or put into the mouth, it helpeth them
much, being bruifed in vinegar, and applied. Mixed with barley meal, it helpeth
Seige and, ee into the ears, eafeth the pains of them.

ss

24 PEONY, MALE anp FEMALE.

eee iption. THE male peony rifeth up with many brownifh ftalks, whereon
grow a b great number of fair green, and fometimes reddifh, leaves, each, of which, is
ainft another upon a ftalk without any particular divifion i in the leaf. ve “be,
lowers ar d at the tops of the ftalks, confiltingof fiveor fix broad leaves, of : a. fair.
purplith ‘red. colour, with many yellow threads in. the middle, ftanding about ‘the.
head, which after rifeth to be the feed-veffels, divided into two, three, or four, rough
crooked: pods like horns, which, being full ripe, open and turn themfelves down one
edge to another backward, fhewing within them divers round, black, fhining, feed,
having alfo many red. or ctimfon grains, intermixed with the black, whereby i ipmak-
eth a very pretty yee enon are. thick and long, earners and cuales dona’

- in the —
the

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 289

"The ordinary female peony hath many ftalks, and more leaves than the male ; the
leaves not fo large, but nicked on the edges, fome with great and deep, others with
fmaller, cuts and divifions, of a dark or dead green colour. The flowers are of a
ftrong heady fcent, moft ufually fmaller, and of a more purple colour, than the male,
with yellow thrums about the head as the male hath. The feed-veflels are like horns
as in the male, but {maller, the feed is black, but lefs thining. The roots confift
of many thick and fhort tuberousclogs, faftened at the ends of long ftrings, and all
* from the head of the root, which is thick and fhort, and of the like fcent with the male.

race AND Time. They grow in gardens, and flower ufually about May,

~ GovERNMENT AND Virtues. It isan herb of the fun, and under the lion, Phy-
ficians fay, male peony roots are belt ; but male peony is beft for men, and female
peony for women. The roots are held to be of moft virtue; then the feeds ; next
the flowers ; and, laft of all, the leaves. The root of the male peony, frefh gathered, ;
hath been found by experience to cure the falling ficknefs ; but the fureft way is
(befides hanging it about the neck, by which children have been cured) to take the
root of the male peony wafhed clean and ftamped fomewhat fmall, and infufe itio
‘fack for twenty-four hours at leaft ; afterwards ftrain it, and take, morning and
evening, a good draught for fundry days together before and after a full moon.;;
and this will alfo cure older perfons, if the difeafe be not grown too old and paft
cure, efpecially if there be a due and orderly preparation of the. body, with poffer-
drink made of betony, &c. The root is alfo effectual for women that are not
fufficiently cleanfed after childbirth, and fuch as are troubled with the mother ; for
which likewife the black feed, beaten to powder and given in wine, isalfo available.
The black feed alfo, taken before bed-time and in the morning, is very effectual for
fuch asin their fleep are troubled with the difeafe called ephialtes or incubus, but we
docommonly call it the night-mare, a difeafe which melancholy perfons are fubjeét.
. unto: it is alfo good againft melancholy dreams. The diftilled water, or fyrup.
made of the flowers, worketh the fame effects that the root and the feed do, al-.
though more weakly. The female is often ufed for the purpofes aforefaid, by reafon: ag
the male i is fo {carce. :

-PEPPER- WORT, oR DITTANDER: | :
Dectiiias, THE common pepper-wort fendeth. forth fomewhat long endl

~ broad. leaves, of .a light bluith-green, colour, finely dented about the edges, and) et

_ pointed atthe ends, ftanding upon round hard ftalks, three or four feet high, {preg

many branches on all fides, and having many {mall white flowers at the tops of

2g0 CULPEPER’ss ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

them, after which follow {mall feed, in fmallheads. The root is lender, running
much under ground, and fhooting up again in many places: and both leaves and
roots are very hot and fharp of tafte, like pepper, for which caufe it took the name,
Prace. It groweth naturally in many parts of the kingdom, as at Clare in Effex;
alfonear unto Exeter, Devonfhire ; upon Rochefter Common, Kent; Lancathire,
and divers other places ; but is ulually keptin gardens.
Time. It flowereth in the end of June, and in July,

GOVERNMENT AND ViRTuES. This herb is under the direction of Mars. te

Pliny and Paulus Aéginetus fay, that pepper-wort is very effectual for the
fciatica, or any other gout, pain in the joints, er any other inveterate grief ; the
leaves to be bruifed and mixed with old hogs-lard, and applied to the place, and
to continue thereon four hours in men, and two hours in women, the place being
afterwards bathed with wine and oil mixed together, and then wrapped with wool
or fkins after they have {weat a little; it alfo amendeth the deformities or difcolour-
ings of the fkin, and helpeth to takeaway marks, fcars, andfcabs, or the foul marks
of burning with fire or iron. The juice.hereof is in fome places ufed to be given
in ale to.women with child, to pRacns them a f{peedy delivery.

LY PERWINKLE.

Descr ition. THE common fort hath many branches running upon the
ground, fhooting out fmall fibres at the joints as it runneth, taking thereby holdin
_ the ground, and rooteth in divers places; at the j joints of thefe branches ftand two
fmall, dark green, fhining, leaves, fomewhat like bay-leaves, but fmaller, and with
them come forth alfo flowers, one at a joint ftanding upon a tender footftalk, being
- fomewhat long and hollow, parted at the brims fometimes into four, fometimes into
five, leaves ; the moft ordinary fort are of a pale blue colour, fome are pure white,
and forr oF a dark reddifh purple colour. The root is little bigger than a rufh,

purple ower! Meee at,
Time. They flower i in March and April.
GovERNMENT AND “Virtuss. Venus owns this herb, and faith, that the leaves,

eaten by man and wife together, caule love between them. The perwinkle i is a great
2 binder,

();o& ND, COMPLETE HERBAL: _ 291

binder, flaying bleeding both at mouth and nofe, if fome, of the leaves be chewed ;
the French ufe it to ftay women’s courfes, Diofcorides, Galen, and ZEgineta, com-
mend it againft the lafk, and fluxes of the belly, to bedrunk in wine,

St. PETER’s WORT.

Description. IT rifeth up with fquare upright ftalks for the moft part, fome-
what greater and higher than St. John’s wort, but brown in the fame manner, having
two leaves at every joint, fomewhat like, but larger than, St. John’s wort; anda
little rounder pointed, with few or no holes to be feen therein, and having fome.
times fome fmaller leaves rifing from the bofom of the greater, and fometimes a little
hairy alfo.” At the tops of the ftalks ftand many ftar-like Rowers, with yellow
thteads in the middle, very like thofe of St. John’s wort, infomuch that this is hardly
difcerned from it, but only by the largenefs and height, the feed being alike in bath,
The root abideth long, fending forth new fhoots OUEST VOM i a Forces Fo ae
_ Peace. It groweth in many groves and fmall low woods, in divers places of this
land, as in Kent, Huntingdonfhire, Cambridgehhire, and Northamptonhhire, as alfo
near water-courfes in other places. his

Time. Itfowereth in Juneand July, and the feedis ripe in Augutt.

- GovernMENT AnD Viagtuzs. It is of the fame property with St. John’s wort,
but fomewhat weak, and therefore more feldom ufed. Twodrams of the feed taken
ata time, in‘honeyed water, purge choleric humours, as faith Diofcorides, Pliny, and
Galen, and thereby helpeth thofe that are troubled with the fciatica. The leaves
are ufed, as St. John’s wort, to help thofe places of the body that have been burnt
with fire. |

PIMPERNEL,
2 Description. COMMON pimpernel hath many weak fquare ftalks lying

on theground, befet all along with two {mall and almoft round leaves at every joint
one againft another, very like chickweed ; but hath no footftalks, for the leaves as
is were compafs the ftalk; the flowers ftand fingly, confifting of five round {mall
pointed leaves of a fine pale red colour, with fo many threads in the middle, in
whofe places fucceed fmooth round heads, wherein is contained fmall feed. The
root is {mall and fibrous, perifhing every year. ;
Place. It groweth every where almoft, as well in the meadows and cornefields
‘as by the way-fides, and in gardens arifing of itfelf. ee
Rise Sy a cs,

ae ae ox4

22 «5. CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Time. It flowereth from — to Auguft, and the feed a in the mean
time, and falleth.

GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. It is a folar herb. This is of acleanfing and
attractive quality, whereby it draweth forth thorns or fplinters,. or other fuch like
things, from the fleth, and, put-up into the noftrils, purgeth thelhead; and'Galen _
faith alfo they have adrying faculty, whereby they are good to clofe the lips of
wounds, and tocleanfe foul ulcers. The diftilled water or juice is much efteemed
by the French to cleanfe the {kin from any roughnefs, deformity, or difcolouring,
thereof : being boiled in wine, and given to drink, it is a good remedy againft the
plague and other peftilential fevers, if the party, after taking it, lie warm in bed
and fweat for two hours after, and ufe the fame twice at leaft. It helpeth alfo all
-ftingings and bitings of venomous beafts or mad dogs, being ufed inwardly, and ap-
plied outwardly ; it alfo openeth the obftructions of the liver, and is very available
againft the infirmities of the reins; it provoketh urine, and helpeth to expel the ftone
and gravel out of the kidneys and bladder, and helpeth much in all inward wounds
and ulcers. The decoétion or diftilled water is no lef effectual to be’ applied to alt
wounds that are freth and green, or old filthy fretting and running ulcers, which it
very effectually cureth in a fhort fpace. A little honey mixed with the juice, and
dropped into the eyes, cleanfeth them from cloudy mifts, or thick films which
grow over them and hinder the fight. ‘Tt helpeth the tooth-ach, being dropped into
the ear on the contrary fide of the Pain. Iti is alfo effectual to eafe the pains of the
| poetry or Piles. See aE 255

| “429 GROUND-PINE.

Description. THE common ground-pine groweth low, feldom above 4
hand’s-breadth high, fhooting forth divers {mall branches, fet with flender {mall long
narrow greyifh or whitifh leaves, fomewhat hairy, and divided into three parts,
many times bufhing together at a joint, and fometimes fome growing featteredly
upon the ftalks, fmelling fomewhat ftrong like unto rofin; the flowers are fome-
what fmall, and of a pale yellow colour, growing from the joints of the ftalks all
along among the leaves, after which come fmall and ergs hutks : the root is fall
and woody, perithing every year.

Prace. It groweth more plentifully in Kent than i in any other county of this land; A
as alfo in many places from on this: fide Dartford, hte to » Rochelter, and upon
Chatham down. 9

Trg. It fowereth cn giveth fed inthe frimer ace « ereaes .
i I : 7: GovERN-

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 293

GoveRnMEnT and Viatues. Mars owns the herb. The decottion of ground-
pine, drunk, doth wonderfully prevail againft the ftranguary, or any inward. pains
arifing from the difeafes of the reins and urine, and-is good for all obftructions of
the liver and f{pleen, and gently openeth the body, for which purpofe they were wont
in former times to make pills with the powder thereof and the purple figs. It help-
eth the difeafes of the mother, ufed inwardly or applied outwardly, procuring the
courfes, and.expelling the dead child and after-birth. Itaéts fo powerfully, that it
is utterly forbidden for women with child, in that it will caufe abortion, or delivery
before the time: it is effeétual alfo in all pains and difeafes of the joints, as gouts,
cramps, palfies, fciatica, and achs ; either the decoétion of the herb in wine taken
inwardly, or applied outwardly, or both, for fome time together; for which pur-
pofe the pills, made with the powder of ground pine, and of hermodattils, with
Venice turpentine, are very effectual. Thefe pills alfo are good for the dropf 5 to be
_continued for fome time. The fame is a good help for the jaundice, and for gripiag
Pains in the joints, belly, or inward parts; it helpeth alfo all difeafes of the brain,
proceeding of cold and phlegmatic humours and diftillations, as alfo the falling-
ficknefs. It is an efpecial remedy for the poifon of the aconites ofall forts, and
other poifonous herbs, as alfo againft the ftinging of any venomous creature...It is a
good remedy for a cold cough, efpecially in the beginning. For all the purpofes
aforefaid, the herb, being tunned up in new drink and drunk, is almoft as effectual,
but far more acceptable to weak and dainty ftomachs. The diftilled water of the
herb hath the fame effeéts, but in a fmaller degree. The conferve of the flowers
doth the like, which Mathiolus much commendeth againft the palfy. The green
herb, or the decoétion thereof, being applied, diffolveth the hardnefs of womens
breafts, and all other hard fwellings in any other part of the body. The green herb
alfo, applied, or the juice thereof with fome honey, not only cleanfeth putrid, ftink-
ing, foul, and malignant, ulcers and fores of all forts, but healeth up the lips of green

wounds in any part alfo.

Sneisioannh og 0 pe NT AEN:

‘THIS groweth fo familiarly in meadows and fields, and by pathways, and is fo
well known, that it needeth no defcription. :
‘Time. Itisin its beauty about June, and the feed ripeneth fhortly after. é
“Government anp Virtues, It is under the command of Venus, and cures the
head by antipathy to Mars, and the privities by fympathy to Venus, neither is there :
hardly a martial difeafe but it cures. The juice of plantain, clarified and paar

294 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

divers days together, either by itfelf or in other drink, prevaileth wonderfully againft
all torments or excoriations in the bowels, helpeth the diftillations of rheum from the
head, and flayeth all manner of fluxes, even women’s courfes when they flow too
abundantly, It is good to ftay fpitting of blood, and other bleedings at the mouth,
or the making of foul or bloody water by reafon of any. ulcer in the reins or bladder;
and alfo ftayeth the too free bleeding of wounds. It is held an efpecial remedy for
thofe that are troubled with the phthyfic, or confumption of the lungs, or ulcers
in the lungs, or coughs that come of heat. The decoétion or powder of the roots
or feed is much more binding for all the purpofes aforefaid than the leaves. Dio-
icorides faith, That the root boiled in wine helpeth the tertian and quartan ague. The
herb, but efpecially the feed, is held to be profitable againft the dropfy, the falling-
ficknefs, the yellow jaundice, and ftoppings of the liver and reins. The roots of
plantain and pellitory of Spain beaten to powder, and put into hollow teeth, take
away the pains of them: the clarified juice or diftilled water dropped into the eyes
cooleth the inflammations in them, and taketh away the pin and web; and, dropped
into the ears, eafeth pains in them, and helpeth and reftoreth the hearing : the fame
alfo, with juice of houfeleek, is profitable againft all inflammations and breakings out
of the skin, and againft burnings and fealdings by fire or water. The juice or de-
co¢tion, made either of itfelf or other things of like nature, is of much ufe and good
effect for old and hollow ulcers that are hard tobe cured, and for cancers and fores
in the mouth or privy parts; and helpeth alfo the piles. The juice mixed with oil
of rofes, and the temples and forehead anointed therewith, eafeth the pains of the
head proceeding from heat, and helpeth lunatic and phrenetic perfons very much;
as alfo the biting of ferpents or a mad dog: the fame alfo is profitably applied to
; all hot gouts in the feet or hands, efpecially in the beginning. It is alfo good to be
where any bone is out of joint, to hinder inflammation, fwellings, and pains,
that prefently rife thereupon. The powder of the dried leaves, taken in drink, killeth
Worms of the belly, and, boiled in wine, killeth worms that breed in old and foul
ulcers _ One part of plantain water, and two parts of the brine of powdered beef,
ed together and clarified, is a moft fure remedy to heal all fpreading fcabs’ and
} the he head or body, all manner of tetters, ringworms, the fhingles, and all
other, running ‘and fretting fores. Briefly, the plantains are fingular good wound-
: id eth or old wounds or fores, either inward or outward.

. OZ PLUMBS. |
. are io well known that they need no defcription,
Govexnmew?anp Vanturs.. Allphumbs are under Venus: thofe that are fweet

eanifes the ftomach, and make the belly foluble; thofe that are four quench thieft
more,

ie age

AND COMPLETE HERBAL; 295

more, and bind the belly; the moift and waterifh fooner corrupt in the ftomach
than the firm, which are more nourifhing and lefs offenfive. The dried fruit, fold
by the grocers underthe name of damafk prunes, do fomewhat loofen the belly,
and, being ftewed, are often ufed, both in health and ficknefs, to procure appetite
and gently open the belly, allay choler, and cool the ftomach. The i juice of plumb-
treeleaves, boiled in wine, is good to wath and garéle the mouth and throat, to dry
the flux of rheum coming to the palate, gums, or almonds of theears. The gum of
the tree is good to break the ftone. The gum, or leaves, boiled in vinegar, and
applied, will kill tetters and ring-worms. Mathiolus faith, the oil preffed out of the
ftones as oil of almonds is made, is good again{t the inflamed piles, the tumours or
fwellings of ulcers, hoarfenefs of the voice, roughnefs of the tongue and throat, and.
likewife pains in the ears. Five ounces of the faid oil, taken with one ounce of muf-
veg will on the ftone, and —_ the cholic. — | ;

POLIPODY. OF THE OAK.

Datei tion, THIS is a fmall hetb, confifting of nothing but roots and leaves,
bearing neither ftalk, flower, nor feed, as it is thought. It hath three or four
leaves rifing from the root, every one fingly by itfelf, of about a hand’s-length,
which are winged, confifting of many {mall narrow leaves, cut into the middle rib
ftanding on each fide of the ftalk, large below, and fmaller up to the top, not dented
‘or notched on the edges at all like the male fern; of a fad green colour, and fmooth
on the upper fide, but on the under fide fomewhat rough, by reafon of fome yel-
lowith {pots thereon. The root is fmaller than one’s little finger, lying: floping, or
_ €teeping along under the upper cruft of the earth, brownifh on the outlide, greenifh
within, of a fweet harfhnefs in tafte, fet with certain rough knobs on each fide
thereof, having alfo much mofs or yellow hair upon it, and fome fibres under-
Patil whereby itis nourifhed. —_-

- Prace. It groweth as well upon old rotten ftumps or trunks of trees, as oak,
beech, hazel, willow, or any other, asin the woods under them, and upon old mud
walls, alfo in moffy, ftony, and gravelly, places, near unto the woods. That which
_ SfOWs upon oak is accounted the bett, but the cur Sela is fcarce fufficient
for common ule, :
, Time. Being always green, it may be gathered for ufe at any time.

Gover NMENT AND Virtuss. Iti is an ‘herb of Saturn. Polypodium of the oak
_isdeareft ; but that which grows upon the ground is beft to purge melancholy 5 if
| chumour proceed from other caufes, chufe your polypodium accordingly, 2 ) a

- No. 20. 4H

296 CULPEPER’s’ ENGLISH’ PHYSICIAN,

faith, thatit'drieth up thin ‘humours, digefteth thitk-and tough, “dnd purgeth burnt

choler, and efpecially thick and tough phlegm, andsthin phlegm‘ alfo,;:even from

the joints ; and is therefore good for thofe that ‘are troubled with melancholy, of.
quartan agues, efpecially if it be taken in whey or ‘honeyed water, in -barley-water,..
or the broth of a chicken, with epithimum, or_with beéts and mallows. Ateis, alfe’
good for the hardnefs of the fpleen, and for prickings ‘or flitches im the fideSo.as-
aliofor the cholic.; fome chufe to put to it fome fennel, annifeed,-or ginger, to
correct the loathing it caufeth to the ftomach, which is not at all neceflary, it -being)
afafeand gentle medicine, fit for all perfons at-all feafons, which daily experience
confirmeth +; and ah ounce of it may be given at a time in a decoétion, if there be

not fena, or fome other ftrong purgermixed with it. A dram or twovof thepowder.
ofthe dried roots, taken fafting in a cup of ‘honeyed water, worketh gently, for-all

the purpofes aforefaid. The diftilled water, both from the roots and leaves, is much’
commended for the quartan ague, if taken for feveral days together; as alfo againft

melancholy, or fearful or troublefome -fleeps or dreams ; and with fome fugar-candy
diffolved therein, is. good againft the, cough, fhortnefs of breath, and wheefing,
and. thofe diftillations of thin rheum upon the lungs which caufe phthifics, and often.

times confumptions. The frefh roots beaten fmall, or the powder of the dried roots

mixed with honey, and applied to any of the limbs out of j joint, doth much help
them. - Applied to the nofe, it cureth the difeafe called polypus, which is apiece

of fungous fiefh growing; therein, which in_ time ftoppeth the. paflage of breath
through that noftril ;, and it phe thofeclefts-or ais that come between the fin-

Tue POPLAR TREE. MS pee

Der: eiption. THERE are two forts of poplars'which are very familiar ’ with
us, viz. the white and the black : The white fort groweth’large, and tolerably high,
ered. with a fmooth, thick, white, bark, efpecially the branches, having large
eaves cut into feveral divifions, almoft like a vine-leaf, but not of fo deep a green
‘on the upper fide, and hoary white underneath, of a good ‘fcent, the whole repre-
‘fenting the form of coltsfoot. The catkins, which ‘it’bringeth forth before the
_ leaves, are long, of a faint reddifh colour, which fall away, and but feldom bear
od them, ‘The wood thereof i is {mooth, fof, and piv pat 22 very finely
aivek. whereby RG much efteemed. a

The black poplar Zroweth higher and ftraiter than the white, with a zrejith a

‘bearing broad and green leaves feat ike ivy leaves, not Cut in on ‘the’ oe
IKE

>

- i

AND’ COMPLETE HERBAL. .-... 207.

like the white, but whole and dented, ending in a point, and not white underneath, -
hanging by flender long foot-ftalks, which, with the air, are continually thaken as.
the afpen-leaves are, . The catkins hereof are greater than of the white, compofed oi .
matiy-round green berries, as.ic were fet together in a long clufter, containing much .
downy matter, which, on being ripe, is blown away with the wind. The clammy.
buds hereof, before they are {pread into leaves, are gathered to make the unguentum
populeon,-and are of a yellowifh green colour, and fmall, fomewhat fweet, but ftrong.
The wood is fmooth, tough, and white, and eafy to be cloven. On both thefe trees
groweth afweet kind of mufk, which formerly ufed to be put into {weet ointments.
“Peace. They grow in moift woods, and by the water-fide, in all parts of the
kingdom; but the white fort is not fo frequently to be met with as the other. :

Time. They are in leaf atthe end of fummer, but the niin come ikare the
leaves, as above- mentioned.

GovERNMENT AND Virtues. Saturn hath dominion over dicate The stint:
Jar, faith Galen, poffeffes a cleanfing property; one ounce in powder of the bark.
thereof, being drunk, faith Diofcorides, is a remedy for thofe that are’ troubled.
with the fciatica or the ftranguary. The juice of the leaves, dropped warm into.
theears, eafeth the pains thereof. The young clammy buds or eyes, before they.
break out into leaves, bruifed, and a little honey put to them, are a good-medicine,
foradull fight. The black poplar is held to be more cooling than the white, and;
therefore the leaves bruifed with vinegar, and applied, help the gout, Thedfeed,.
drunk invinegar, is held good againft the falling ficknefs. The water, that drop=:
peth from the hollow places of this tree, taketh away warts, pufhes, wheals;, and:
other out-breakings in the body.. The young black poplar buds, faith Mathiolus, |
are much ufed by women to beautify their hair, bruifing them with frefh butter, |
and {training them after they have been kept for fome time in the fun. The oint-
ment called populeon, which is made of this poplar, is fingularly good for all heat
and inflammation i in any part of the body, and tempereth the heat of wounds. It

| is much ufed to dry up the milk i in women’s breatts, when egal have weaned thei

Te ‘hk ea, LE PO P PY.

“OF rele the coc agen iad viz. the bicaod black of the: gaily: ac
erratic wild poppy, or corn-rofe. _ a8
a _Descarrtion. ‘The white poppy ‘hath at firft four or five whitith green le : €3
Tying u upon the ground, which rife with ‘the ftalk, compaffing it at the bottom of.

biti

28 CULPEPER*s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

them, and are very large, muchcut or torn inon the edges, and dentedalfo. The
italk, which is ufually four or five feet high, hath fometimes no branches at the top,
and ufually but two or three at moft, bearing but one head, each wrapped in a thin
Akin, which boweth down before it be ready to blow, and then, rifing and being
broken, the flower within it {preadeth itfelf open, and confifteth of four very large
round white leaves, with many whitifh round threads in the middle, fet about a fmal}
round green head, having a crown, or ftar-like cover at the head thereof, which,
growing ripe, becometh as large as a great apple, wherein are contained a great num-
ber of {mall round feed, in feveral partitions or divifions next unto the fhell, the
middle thereof remaining hollow and empty. All the whole plant, leaves, ftalks,
and heads, while they are frefh, young, and green, yield a milk, when they are
broken, of an unpleafant bitter tafte, almoft ready to provoke puking, and of a
ftrong heady fmell, which, being condenfed, is called opium. The root is white and
woody, perifhing as foon as it hath given ripe feed.

The black poppy differeth but little from the former, until it beareth its flower,
which is fomewhat lefs, and of a black purplifh colour, but without any purple {pots
in the bottom of the leaf. The head of feed is much lefs than the former, and open-
eth itfelf a little round about the top, under the crown, fo that the feed, which is very
black, will fall out, if the head is turned downwards.

The wild poppy, or corn rofe, hath long and narrow leaves, very much cut in on
the edges into many divifions, of a light green colour, and fometimes hairy withal:

the ftalk is blackifh and hairy alfo, but not fo tall as the garden kinds, having
fome fuch like leaves thereon as grow below, parted into three or four branches
fometimes, whereon grow fmall hairy heads, bowing down before the skin breaks
wherein the flower is inclofed, which, when it is full-blown, is of a fair yellowith
_ red or crimfon colour, and in fome much paler, without any fpot in the bottom of
, the leaves, having many black foft {pots in the middle, compafling a fmall green

head _ which, when it is ripe, is no larger than one’s little finger end, wherein is
aed 1 much black feed, fmaller by half than that of the garden. The root

srifheth every year, and fpringeth again of its own fowing. Of this kind there is
one 1 Smaller i in all the parts thereof, but differeth in nothing, elfe.

Piace. The garden kinds do not naturally grow wild in any place, but are al
fown in gardens, where they grow. The wild poppy, or corn-rofe, is plentiful
enough, and many times too much fo, in the corn fields in all parts of the kingdom,
alfo upon the banks of ditches and by hedge-fides. The fmaller wild kind isalfo
be met with in thofe places, Lect not fo plentifully as the former. a

s Je.

AND ‘COMPLETE HERBAL. 299

Time. The garden kinds are ufually fown in the {pring, which then Aower about
theend of May, and fomewhat earlier, if they are of their own fowing. The wild
kinds ufually flower from. May until July, and the feed of them i is ripe foon after
their flowering. _

, GOVERNMENT AND. Vonriss. The herb is lunar, and the juice of it is made into
opium. . The gardenspoppy heads, with the feed, made into a fyrup, are frequently,
and ‘to good effect, ufed to procure reft and fleep to the fick and weak, and to ftay
_catarrhs. and defluxions of hot thin rheums from the head into the {tomach, and
upon the lungs, caufing a continual cough, the fore-runner of aconfumption }*it
helpeth alfo hoarfenefs.of the throat, and when a perfon hath loft the power of arti-
culation ; for all which complaints the oil of the feed is alfo a good remedy, ~The
black feed, boiled in wine and drunk, is aifo faid to ftay the flux of the belly, and
the menfes. The empty shells of the poppy heads are ufually boiled: in’ water, and
given to procure fleep ; the leaves likewife, when fo boiled, poffefs the fame virtue.
_ If the head and temples be bathed with the decoction warm, the oil:of poppies, the
7 green leaves or heads bruiled and applied with a little vinegar, or made. into a poul-
tice with barley-meal, or hog’s greafe, it cooleth and tempereth all. inflammations,
; as alfo the difeafe called St. Anthony’s fire. It is generally ufed in treacle and mi-
thridate, and in all other medicines that are ufed to procure reft and fleep, and to
eafe pains in the head, as well as in other parts. It is alfo ufed to cool inflamma-
: tions, agues, or phrenfies, and to ftay defluxions which caufe a cough or confump-
tion, and alfo other ftuxes of the belly : it is frequently put into hollow teeth to eafe
the pain thereof, and hath been found by experience to help gouty pains. ,

_ The wild poppy, or corn rofe, Mathiolus faith, is good to prevent the falling
ficknefs. The fyrup made with the flowers is given with good effect to thofe that
have the pleurify ; and the dried fowers alfo, either boiled in water, or made into
powder, and drunk, either in the diftilled water of them, or in fome other drink,
work the like effet. The diftilled water of the flowers is held to be of much
good ufe againft furfeits, being drunk evening and morning; it is alfo more cool-
ing than any of the other poppies, and therefore: cannot but be as effectual in hot
agues, phrenfies, and other inflammations, whether external or internal, the fyrup ?
or water to be ufed inwardly, and the green leaves outwardly, either in an ointment
Orany other convenient manner in which i it ‘can be canine Galen ait Be feed :
eames ozs rise BS *

\
r

300 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

iyo PURSLAIN.

GARDEN purflain, being ufed as a fallad herb, is fo well known that it needs
‘no defcription.
GovERNMENT AND Virtues. This isan herb of the moon. It is good to cool _
any heat in the liver, blood, reins, and ftomach, and, in hot agues, nothing better
can be adminiftered ; it ftayeth hot and choleric fluxes of the belly, the menfes,
fluor albus, gonorrhea, and running of the reins; alfo diftillations from the head,
and pains therein proceeding from heat, want of fleep, or the phrenfy. The feed is
more effectual than the herb, and is fingularly ufeful in cooling the heat and fharp-
nefs of the urine, luft, venerious dreams, and the like, infomuch that the over fre-
quent ufe of it extinguifheth the heat and virtue of natural procreation. The feed,
bruifed and boiled in wine, and given to children, expelleth worms. The juice of
the herb is held equally effectual for all the purpofes aforefaid 3 as alfo to ftay vomit-
ings; taken with fome fugar or honey, it heipeth an old dry cough, fhortnefs of
breath, and the phthy fic, and ftayeth immoderate thirft. The diftilled water of the
herb is ufed by many, being more palatable, with a little fugar, to produce the fame
effects. The juice alfo is good in ulcers and inflammations of the fecret parts, like-
- wife of the bowels, and hemorrhoids when they are ulcerous, or have excoriations in
them. The herb, bruifed, and applied'to the forehead and temples, allayeth excef-
five ‘heat therein, hindering reft and fleep ; and, applied to the eyes, taketh away the
rednefs and inflammation in them, and thofe other parts where puthes, wheals, pim-
~ ples, St. Anthony’s fire, and the like, break forth, efpecially if a little vinegar be put
toit; and being applied to the neck, with equal quantities of galls and linfeed toge-
_ ‘ther, taketh away all pain therefrom, and what is termed the crick in the neck.
3 — The j juice is alfo ufed with oil of rofes for the above purpofes, for blafts by light-
ning, and burns by gunpowder, or for women’s fore breafts, and to allay heat in
other fores or hurts. Applied alfo to the navels of children that are too prominent,
cert them. It is likewife good for fore mouths, and gums that are fwelled, _

: = en ‘all other nickiics failed, and that the thickened juice, “made into
he ‘Powd ders of gum tragacanth and arabic, being taken, greatly relieveth
nake bloody water. Applied to the gout, it eafeth pains thereof, an
helpeth hardiels of the finews, if not arifing from the cramp, ora cold caufe, This
herb, if placed under the eaatl affuageth thirft. | . +

~~ x
madi ftoyal , Female Puney .

LP? 058, Lrivet.

Fometttron Tree.

aaa

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 30%

PRIMROSES

tT HE SE are fo well known that they need no defcription. Of the leaves of
j primrofes i is made an excellent falve to heal green wounds,

Wf? PR IVE T. Bs | a6

- Description. THE common privet runs up with many flender beste to es
a tolerable height and breadth, and is frequently ufed in forming arbours; bowers,
and banqueting-houfes, and fhaped fometimes into the forms of men, horfes, birds,
&c. which, though at firft requiring fupport, grow afterwards ftrong enough of
themfelves. It beareth long and narrow green leaves by couples, and {weet-fmelling
white flowers in tufts at the ends of the branches, which turn into fmall black berries
that have a purplith j juice within them, and fome feeds: ae are flat CHER | one fide,
, mh a hole or dent therein. Poa, GP Oe
> Prace. It groweth in divers wobiis in Grene Briel. > See
_» Time. The privet flowereth i in Juneand July, and the berries are ripe in in Augut
oa and September. j
- GoveRNMENT anpD Virtus, It 4s under the igilocsioe of the moon, ask but
‘Sisle ufed in ‘phyfic in thefe times, except in lotions to wath fores and fore mouths,
and to cool inflammations and dry up ftuxes; yet Mathiolus faith, it ferveth every
purpofe for which the cyprefs tree, or oriental privet, is approved of by Diofcorides
.and Galen. He further faith, that the oil extraéted from the flowers of privet
by infufion, and fet in the fun, is very ferviceable in inflammatory wounds,
and for the head-ach when arifing from a hot caufe. There is a fweet water alfo dif-
tilled from the flowers, which is good for all thofe difeafes that require cooling and
: ‘drying, and therefore helpeth all fluxes of the belly or ftomach, bloody fluxes, and
__ ‘Women’s coures, being either drunk, or otherwife applied ; as alfo for thofe that
oid blood ; at their mouth or at any other place; likewife for diftillations of theums — vat
inthe « % eeciaty if it gers tutty. | =e

-POMECITRON DPREE. f

Di SCR 1PTION, $s. The Gipcer pomecitron tree, han ee This

dot = not grow very high in fome — butrather with a a crooked body, Lg ee

fe ee ies at
ORE, oo

302 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

in others not much lower than the lemon: tree, {preading out into fundry great long
arms and branches ; ; fet with long and tharp thorns, and fair, large, and broad, frefh
green leaves, a little dented about the edges, with a fhew of almoft invifible holes in
them, but lefs than the orange-leaves have; of a very fweet fcent, the fowers 3 green
at the leaves, all along the branches, being fomewhat longer than thofe of the
orange ; made of five thick, whitith, purple, or bluith, leaves, with fome threads
in the middie, after which followeth fruit all the year, being feldom feen without
ripe fruit, and half-ripe, and fome young and green, and bloffoms, all at once.
This kind beareth great.and large fruit, fome the fize of a mufk melon, others lefs,
but all of them. with a rugged, bunched-out, and uneven, yellow bark, thicker.
than in any of the other. forts, with a-four juice in the middle, and fomewhat great,
_ pale, whitifh, or yellow, feed, with a bitter kernel lying in it; the fmell ‘of this.
fruit is very {trong and comfortable to the fenfes.

2. The fmaller pomecitron tree, citria malus minor, frve limonera ; this tree groweth
very like the former, but the leaves are fomewhat fmaller and fhorter, and fo. are
the thorns; the flowers are of a deep blufh colour, and the fruit lefs and longer
than they, but no larger than the fmall fruit of the former ; the rind is alfo ailek
and yellow, but not fo rugged, having more four juice and fewer feeds. *

3. Citria malus, five limonera pregnans. This differs very little from the foregoing.

~Prace AnD Time. All thefe forts of citrons are cultivated in Spain, by the
curious, but were tranfported thither from fundry places abroad. The great pome-
- citron was brought firft from Media and. Perfia, and was therefore called malum
Medicumand malum Perficum. The laft was brought from the fortunate iflands. ee
are continually in flower and bear fruit throughout the year. 2

-GovERNMENT AND Virtues. Thefe are folar plants, yet they are of diene
‘qualities ; all the parts of the fruit hereof, both the outer and inner rind, as well as
the juice and feed, are of excellent ufe, though of contrary ‘effects one to.anothers
{ ing hot and dry, whilft others are cold and. dry ; the outer yellow rind is
et in fmell, highly aromatic and bitter in tafte; and, dried, is a fovereign

‘the heart, and an excellent antidote againft venom and poifon in cafes of ©
| rany other infection ; it warmeth and comforteth a cold and windy fto-

and difperfeth cold, raw, and undigefted, humours therein, or in the bowels,

and mightily expellet niet Being chewed in the mouth, it helpeth a ftinking
breath ; it alfo hel ion, and is good againft melancholy. The outer rinds

tuaries, and prefervatives again{t infection and melan-

are often ufed in cor a |
holy. It alfo helpeth to loof Se the ‘body, and therefore thereis a folutive eletuary

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 303.

made therewith, called ele@uarium de citro folutivum, to evacuate the bodies of cold.
phlegmatic eonftitutions, and may fafely be ufed where choler is mixed with phlegm:

The inner white rind of this fruit is rather unfavoury, almoft without tafte, and is
not ufed in phyfic. The four juice in the middle is cold, and far furpaffeth that of
lemons in its effects, although not fo fharp in tafte. It is fingularly good, in all
peftilential and burning fevers, to reftrain:the venom and infection, to fupprefs the
choler and hot diftemper of the blood, and to quench thirft ; and correéteth the
bad difpofition of the liver. It ftirs up an appetite, and refrefhes the over-fpent
and fainting fpirits: refifteth drunkennefs, and helpeth giddinets of the head, by
the hot vapours arifing therein, which caufeth a phrenzy for want of fleep. The
feed not only equalleth the rind in its virtues, but in many inftances{urpaffeth it. |

Slt PEPPER.

Kinps anv Namss. THERE are feveral forts of pepper, as black, white, .
and long, pepper ; called piper nigrum, album, et longum. The black, and white,
pepper, differ not either in manner of growing, or in form of leaf or fruit. The
long pepper alfo grows in the fame manner, but differeth in the fruit. All thefe
forts grow on aclimbing buh, in the Eaft Indies, after one manner, that is, as
hopsgrow with us; fo that, if they be not fuftained by fomie tree or pole, on which
they may climb and fpread, they will lie down onthe ground, and thereon run, and
fhoot forth {mall fibres at every joint. But the ufual manner is to plant a branch
taken from the bufh, near fome tall tree, great cane, or pole, and fo it will quickly,
by winding itfelf about fuch props, get to the top thereof ; being full of joints, and
thooting forth fair, large, leaves, one at each joint, being almoft round, but end-
ing ina point, green above, and paler underneath, with a great middle rib, and
four other ribs, fomewhat lefs, fpreading from it, two on each fide, and {maller
therein alfo, unto the edges, which are fmooth and plain, fomewhat thin, and fet
On a-pretty long foot-ftalk. ‘Fhe fruit, or pepper, whether black, white, or long,
rowethat the fame joint, but on the contrary fide, oppofite to the leaf, round
about a long ftalk, fomewhat thinly fet all along thereon, or not fo clofe.as a bunch. ~
of grapes 5 the root hath fundry joints creeping in the ground, with fibres at the
Joints. The white Pepper is hardly diftinguifhable from the black, by the plants
‘thereof, until it becomes ripe, (for the white and black pepper grow on

buthes,) but that the leaves are ofa little paler green colour, and the grains or ber- on: :

res are white, folid, firm, without wrinkles, and more aromatic. The Jong pep-
Per hath leaves of very near the fame form and fize, but a little longer pointed, of
No. 21, 4K a paler

304 CULPEPER’s’ ENGLISH) PHYSIGIAN,

a paler green colour, thinner alfo,; and with a. fhorter foot-ftalk, but four. or five

* ribs fometimes on each fide, according to the largenefs of the leaf, with other.

_ {maller veins therein, and has lefs acrimony and hot tafte than the black... The

fruit of this alfo groweth in like manner at the joints, oppofite to each leaf, which

are clofer fet together than in the black, confifting of many fimall grains as it were

fet clofe together in rows, and not open and feparate as in the blag and white
pepper ; of an afh colour when it is ripe.

dB varcbapssueasess NT AND Virturs. All the peppers are e under the dominion of ‘Mrs,

_ deaves as lnerelicets do tobacco’; and even the pepper itl they alfo pricy taking.
from the branch one grain after another, while they are freth.

Pepper is much ufed with usin meats and: fauces, comforteth and warmeth aco
ftomach, confumeth crude and moift humours therein, and ftirreth up the appetite 5 3
It helpeth to break or diffolve wind in the ftomach or bowels, to provoke urine, to
help the cough and other difeafes of the breaft, and is effectual againft the bitings of
ferpents.and other poifons, and to that purpofe i it is an ingredient i in the great anti-
dotes : but the white pepper, as being. more fharp and aromatical, is of more effect
in medicine; and fo is the long, being more ufed to be given for agues to, warm the
‘ftomach before the coming of the fit, thereby to abate the fhaking thereof. All of
them are ufed againft the quinfey, being mixed with honey, and taken inwardly and
applied outwardly, and difperfe the kernels, as. well i in A the rap pers as in mye other
‘parts of the body.

_ Mathiolus maketh mention ofakind of pepper, which he calleth piper Ebiopicum,

brought with other merchandize from Alexandria into Italy, and groweth in long
cods like beans or peafe; but. many cods fet together at a place, whofe grains within

2 them, being like pepper both in form and tafte, but sen a ftick strc agi to ‘eg

“3nfide : this fort Serapio calleth 1 granum xelin.

of | : : ‘continent of the Weft Indies. This kind of pepper is half a foot one

; the thicknefs of afmall rope, confifting of many rows of {mall grains, ferclofe

: together a as in n the head of plantane, and is black when ripe; and hotter in tafte, and

| al and pleafant, than capficum, and preferred before black ee: and
groweth (fays be) on high trees gee

Se SE ee

.*
we

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 405

Gs GUINEA,.PEPPER.

‘Kinps anp Names. THERE are many forts thereof found out and brought to
our knowledge in thefe Jatter days. Gregorius de Riggio, a Capuchin Friar,
maketh mention of adozen feveral forts, or varieties at the leaft, in the fruit or cods;
though in any thing elfe very little differing: there are likewife fome other varieties,
eardta by Clufius and others.

’ Description. The moft ordinary Guinea pepper with long hufks, Capficum majus
vulgatius oblongis filiquis.. By this you may frame the defcription of all the reft, the

main difference confifting in the form of the fruit, whether husk or cods. This plant

rifeth up with an upright firm round ftalk, with a certain pith within them, rifing
about two feet hich in this country, and not exceeding three feet in any other hotter
climate, {preading into many branches on all fides, even from thevery bottom, which
divide themfelves again into other fmaller branches, at each joint, whereof come
long leaves upon fhort footftalks, fomewhat bigger than thofe of nightthade, with
divers veins in them, not dented about the edges at al], and of adark green colour;
the flowers ftand feverally at the joints, with leaves like the flowers of nightthade,
confifting moft ufually of five, and fometimes fix, white {mall-pointed leaves, ftand-
“ing open like a ftar ; with a few yellow threads in the middle,. after which come the
fruit, either great or fmall, long or fhort, round or fquare, as the kind is, either ftand-
" ing upright or hanging down, as their flowers thew themfelves either of this or that
form; in this, about three inches in length, thick and round at the ftalk, and fmaller
towards the end, which is not fharp, but round pointed, green at the firft,. but, when
full ripe; of a very deep fhining crimfon colour ; on the outfide of which is a thick
skin) and: white on the infide, of a {weet pleafant {mell, having many flat yellow feeds
therein, cleaving to certain thin skins within it, which are broad at the upper end and
“narrow at the lower, leaving the end or point empty within, not reaching fo far; the
husk or feed of which is of fo hot and fiery a tafte, as to inflame and ‘ed the
mouth and throat for a long time after it is chewed, and almoft. ready to choak one
‘that taketh much at a time thereof: the root is compofed of a great tuft or bufh of
‘threads, which fpreads plentifully on the eee vilbeied evenin hot countries
afer’ it hath ripened all its fruit.
- ‘Phere are nineteen other forts of Guinea pepper. all which, except the undermen-
tioned, differ fo little from that already deferibed, as not to be worth expl :
Guinea pepper with hairy ftalks, cap/cum caule pilofo. This groweth with greem

— ftalks, fet full of white hairs, contrary to all other forts ; at the branches come :
Shin ‘forth

405 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

forth twofuch leaves as the beforementioned one hath, but rather larger ; the flowers
are white, confifting of five leaves like the reft, which are likewife larger ; after which
come the cods, green at firft, and, when ripe, red, ‘like the reft, which are fome-
what great and Jong, ending in a very long point; not differing from the former forts
in the feed and roots. : AF
Piace AND Time. All thefe forts of pepper came from the Weft Indies, called
America, and the feveral parts thereof, Brafil being reckoned asa part of. it, and
our Summer Iflands alfo;’ but here in England (though erroneoufly) we give it the
name of Guinea pepper, as though it originally came from thence. They are now,
raifed in gardens in all the provinces of Europe, excepting in eect cold countries,
and grow in many places of Italy, Spain, &c. ene
They do not fow them in hot countries before the end of March or beginning of
April, and at the fooneft they do not flower before Auguft following, and their.red
cods ripen not thoroughly until November, when they will continue both with
flower and fruit moft of the winter, where the weather is not very intenfe ; but in
very cold climates they perifh with the firft frott ; 5 and therefore muft be SAS
houfed, if.any will preferve them. ;
GovernMEn? AnD Virtues. All thefe forts of pepper are under Mars, and are
of a fiery, hot, and fharp, biting, tafte, andof temperature hot and dry to the end
of the fourth: degree ; they burn and inflame the mouth and throat fo extremely, that
it is hard to be endured ; and, if it be outwardly applied to the fkin in any part of the
body, it willexulcerate and raife it as.if it had been burnt with fire or fcalded with hot
water.. The vapours that arife from.the hufks or cods, while one doth but open them _
to take out the-feed, (efpecially if they beat them into powder, or bruife them,) will
fo pierce the brain; by. flying up into. the head through the noftrils, as to procure
violent fneezings, and draw down abundance of thin rheum, forcing tears from the
om and will all pafs i into the throat, and provoke a fharp coughing, and caufe vio- _
‘Nt vomitin he if any fhall with their hands touch their face oreyes, it will caufe
vinflammation, that itwill not be remedied in along time, by all the bathing
Cor with wine or cold water that can be-ufed, but yet will pafs away without fur-
rm. Vany of it becaft into. fire, it raifeth grievous ftrong and noifome v4-
AL net 1 {neezing, coughing, and ftrong- vomiting, to all that. be near it;
et ike n’ fimply of itfelf, (though in a very fmall quantity, either. in
xétion, }-it would be hard to endure, and might prove dangeraus tolife.
Having now swellvbas ah account of the dangers attending the immoderate ufe of

thefe violent plants and fruits, 1 fhall next direét you how to proceed in ree
€

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 407

make them become ferviceable for health, being correéted and cleanfed from all
their evil and noifome qualities. ki ;

ep | Preparation of the Guinea Pepper.

Take the ripe cods of any fort of the Guinea pepper, (for they are in property all
alike,) and dry them well, firft of themfelves, and then in an oven after the breadis
taken out: put itinto a pot or pipkin, with fome flour, that they may be quite dried,
then cleanfe them from the flour, and their ftalks, if they have any; cut both hufks ~
and feeds within them very {mall, and toevery ounce of them put a pound of wheat-
flour ; make them up together into cakes or {mall loaves, with leaven propottioned
to the quantity you make ; bake thefe as you do bread of the fmall fize, and, when
baked, cut it again into fmaller parts, and then bake it again, that it may be asdry
and hard as a bifcuit, which, beaten into fine powder, and fifted, may. be kept for any
Of the ufes hereafter mentioned, or may ferve inftead of ordinary pepper to feafon
meat or broth ; for fauce or any other purpofe the Eaft-Indian pepper dothferve, for
itdoth not only give good tafte or rélith to the meat or fauce, but is found to be very

good both to difcufs the wind and the cholic in the body: It is of fingular fervice to
be ufed with flatulent or windy diet, and fuch as breeds moifture and crudities-; one
fcruple of the faid powder, taken ina little broth, of veal or of a chicken, gives great
teliefand comfort toa cold ftomach; caufing flegm and fuch vifcous humours as lie
lowin the bottom thereof to be voided ; it helpeth digeftion, for it occafioneth an
appetite to meat, provoketh urine, and, taken with faxifrage water, expelleth the ftone
in the kidneysand the Aegm that breedeth them ; and taketh away dimnefs or mifti-
nefs of the fight, being ufed in meats; taken with Pillula Aleophanginz, it helpeth -
the dropfy; the powder, taken for three days together in the deco¢tion of penny-
royal, expelleth the dead birth ; but, ifa piece of the cod or husk, either greerror dry,

_ be put into the womb after delivery, it will make them barren for ever after; but the
powder, taken for four or five days fafting, with a little feanel-feed, willeafe all pains
of the mother., The fame alfo made up with a little powder of gentian and oil of

bays into a peflary, with fome cotton-wool, doth briag down the coutles 5, the fame,
mixed with alohoch or electuary for the cough, helpeth an old inveterate cough 5
being mixed with honey and applied to the throat, it helpeth the quinfey ; and made
up with a little pitch or turpentine, and laid upon any hard knots or kernels in any ayy
part of the body, it will diffolve them, and not fuffer any more to grow there; and, _

cbeing mixed with nitre and applied, it takes away the morphew, and all freckles fjots,

marks, and difcolourings, of the skin y applied with hens-greafe, it diffolverh all cold

simpofthumes and carbuncles; and, mixed with fharp vinegar, it diffolves the ardnefs
No.2 oe 4L ls oa

g08 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH. PHYSICIAN,
of the fpleen : mixed with wnguentum dé alabaftro, and the reins of ‘the back anoirited
therewith, it will take away the fhaking-fits of agues ; a platter made thereof, with
the leaves of tobacco, will heal the fting or biting of any venomous beafts.

The decoétion of the hufks themfelves, made with water, and the mouth gargled
therewith, helpeth the tooth- ach, and preferyeth, the teeth from rottennefs'; the afhes
of them being rubbed on the teeth, ‘will cleanfe them, and make them look. white,
The decoétion of them in wine helpeth the hernia ventofa, or watery rupture, if ap-
plied warm morning and evening : if put to fteep for three days together in aqua-
Nite, it helpeth, the pally, the place affected being bathed therewith ; and, fteeped
for, ra. day, i in wine and | two fpoonfuls drunk thereof every day fatting, it it is of sd
fervice i in 1 rendering ftinking breath fweet.

IZ PA PORE REE.

YN ames. THIS treeus called'in Latin pices and pitis.-
eat ipTion. | The, pitch ‘tree 1s::of an, indifferent: bignefs, and, tall. ftature,. ‘but
not fo ) Sreat as the pine-tree, and always gréen, likethe pine and fir trees. The tim-
: ber is fat, and doth yield an abundance of ‘rofin: of divers, forts. the branches, are
hard, and parted i into other {prays, moft commonly crofs-wife, upon which.grow. {mall
Breen, leaves, not roundabout the branches, but by.every fide, one right over-againit
‘another, like: little feathers’; the fruit is fmaller than the fruit of the pine-tree.
In burning: of this tree, there doth iffue out pitch, as doth alfo. out of the pine-tree.
Peace AND Time. The pitch-tree Zrows: in many. places of Greece, aah France,
“and Germany, and the fruit thereof is ripe in September.
Ni ~ GovsRNMENT anp Virtues. >The leaves, bark, fruit, kernels, or alse of tis
= tree, are almoft of the fame nature, Meet. 28 Poker tials) as the bedeavess bark, fruit,
= id Kernels, of the pine-tree, |
ogns..2 ce The Rofin that cometh out fb tbe Pine. or Pitch Trees. |
af tof the pine and pitch’trees rife three forts of rofin, befides the sito and:
he ‘one floweth out by force of the heat ofthe fun in fume, from eve weal
@here it is brokenor cuedi%42 9°34! Vi leg dondol a Diaghasic
other is found both upon and Bee wcen thes bark spaieclas and: pc
nonly | in fuch parts thereof 'as are cut or any otherwife sinpsieels
ind groweth betwixt the {cales of the fruit, nd 353 10.1499
¢ kinds of rofin are called in Latin’ tahnas 8 F Hiehh refine} and in
“Suh arama toed aa beiacsee is:alfo
= othe

¢ ol

fi Be

ANDO COMPLETE HERBAL |) 409
the rofin which is molten with the fun:in fummer, and remaineth dry, and sited be
made into powder,. which fome cali refiza arida, or dry rofin,

_ The fecond kind, is called in Latin refina arida ; that which {weateth out of the pine
tree is called re/ina pined, andthat which cometh out of the picch-tree refina eid
‘The third: kind-is:called refina ftrodilina.

~ -GoveRNMENT, AND Virtues. All the rofins are folar, and of an hot and dry
temperature, and of afcouring and cleanfing nature. _Rofin doth cleanfe and heal
freth wounds, and therefore is a principal ingredient in all ointments and plafters that
ferve for that purpofe. It foftneth hard fwellings, and is comfortable to bruifed: parts —

- or members, being.applied, or laid to, with oils, ointments, or plafters, spnchei
ated to that ufe.

aE ts Ol PA, FoQdhs: fat Bcd F AR.

Kinps anp Names. THERE are two forts of pitch : the one moitt, called te
‘Tiquid pitch, the other is hard’and dry: they do both run out of the pine and pitch
tree, and out of certain other trees, as the cedar, turpentine, ‘and Jarch, trees, by
burning of the wood and timber of thém. Pitch is called in Latin pix, in French pox,
Gn Dutch peck. Phe liquid pitch is called in Latin pix Aquida, in Brabant tet? and in
‘Enelith var. The dry’ pitch is-called in Latin ge arida, an nau 5 3 in 1 Englih
fhip-pitch or ftoné-pitch; in Dutch freen-peck. ©
_¥GovERNMENT AND Virtues. The pitch and tar are both folar, hot ‘and dry i in
the fecond degree, and of fubtile parts, but the ftone-pitch i is the drieft ; 3 the liquid
“pitch or tar is the hotter and of more fubtile parts. Liquid pitch, taken with honey,
doth-cleanfe the bréa(t, and is good to be licked in byt thole that. are troubled with
' fhortnefs of breath, whofe infide is clogged with corrupt mattter, It mollifieth and
bringeth to perfection all hard fwellings, and is good to Gnoint the neck againft the
{Guinancy or fwelling of the throat: it is 200d to be pur into mollifying plafters, ano-
dynes to take away pains, and maturatives, or ‘ripening, medicines: ‘being applied
-with barley-meal, it foftneth the hardnefs of the matrix and fundament ; Tiquid pitch
— fulpbur vivum,or quick brimftone, ‘repreffeth fretting ulcefs, foul fcabs
and 3 and, if fome falt be put thereto, “it is good’ to be laid upon the wounds
ocesbtigied ‘by the bite or fting of any pet ied or Aa It euteth ipa rifts and cloven
chaps that happen to the hands, feet, ‘ee. © heen
-.. The ftone-pitch, being pounded ¥« y for ar: ath the fine powder of safle,
~ healeth hollow alcers and ‘fttulas, ‘filling them up with fieth : ‘the Stone: pireb i is not :

31D CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

fo ftrong as the liquid pitch, but is much better, it being more apt to clofe up the
lips of wounds.

. Ye POMEGRANATE- TREE.

Kinps ano Names. THE pomegranate-tree is diftinguifhed into three kinds ; ;
that is, the manured pomegranate bearing fruit, and the greater and lefler wild kind :
that firft is called malus punicum and malus granata, and the fruit malum punicum and
wmalum granatum, becaule it is fuppofed that they were brought over, from that part
of Africa where old Carthage ftood, into that part of Spain which is now called
Granada; and from thence called Granatum. ‘The flowers of the manured kind (as
Diofcorides faith) are called citimi, but Pliny calleth the fowers of the wild kind
¢itinus, and the flowers of both kinds dalaufium , but citinus is more properly thecup |
wherein do ftand the flowers of both kinds : da/auftium is with us generally taken for

the double flowers of the wild kind only.
Description. The pomegranate-tree bearing fruit, malus punica Sativa, This
epee groweth not great in the warm countries, and, where it is natural, not above
feven or eight feet high, {fpreading i into many flender branches, here and there fet
with thorns, and with many very fair, green, fhining, leaves, like the leaves of large
myrtle, every one upon a {mall and reddith foot(talk. Among the leaves come
forth, here and there, the flowers, which are like bell-flowers, broad at the brims,
and fmaller at the bottom, being one whole leaf divided at the top into five parts,
of an orient crimfon colour naturally, but much paler with us, and many veins run-
ning through it, with divers threads in the middle, and ftandiag in a brownifk. hollow
_ cup, or long hard husk : the fruit is great and round, with ahard, {mooth, brownifh-
: red, tind ; not very thick, but yellowifh on the infide, and acrown at the top, ftored
=f len ifully with a fineclear liquor or juice, like wine, full of feeds inclofed in skins,
' an the Tiquor among them. Sometimes this breaketh the rind as it groweshy whith
Wi aufe it to rot very foon,
: AND a Asad The manured kinds grow in Spain, Italy, Picness ‘ ae ee
wuntries ; but here in England they are preferved and houfed with great care,
‘ot £0 Perfeétion,) and the wild kind with much mores Ms Jig a

4 ma iiicdete: all the forts breed good blood, yet
i nourifhment ; they are very helpful to the ftomach : ‘thofe
t pleal It, yet they fomewhat heat, and breed wind and choler,

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: gu

and therefore they are forbidden in agues; and thofe that are four are fit for a hot

fainting ftomach, ftay vomiting, and provoke urine, but are fomewhat offenfive to

the teeth and gums in the eating. The feed within the fruit, and the rind

thereof, do bind very forceably, whether the powder or the decoction be taken, and

ftay cafting, the bloody-flux, women’s courfes, the fpitting of blood, and running
of the reins, and is faid to be good for the dropfy : the flowers work the fame ef-
feéts. This fruit is good againft the bite of the fcorpion, and ftayeth the immoderate
longings of women with child ; the decottion of the rind or feeds of the fruit, with
alittle fyrup put toit, is good againft the cankers in the mouth and ulcers ‘in any
part.of the body, and.againft ruptures ; it alfo helpeth ulcers in the‘ears or nofe,
or rheums in the eyes, being dropped or injected , it fafteneth loofe: teethy de-
ftroyeth the flat worms in the , and helpeth to take away wens. Withethe rinds
of pomegranates, inftead of gal 8, or with galls, is made tebe seh ‘ink, both
- blacknefs and cee wel oi) JOwoR siduob of

ff I CUBEN. oF: OF THE MEADOWS, OR 2, MEADOW-SWEET.

f Fesacie: 1on.. THE ftalks of this. are reddifh, rifing to be three feet high,
fonietimes four or five feet, having at the joints thereof large winged leaves. fet on
each fide of a middle rib, being hard, rough, or rugged, crumpled like elm leaves,
having alfofome fmaller leaves with them, (as agrimony hath,) fomewhat deeply
dented. about.the edges, of a fad green colour on the upper fide, and greyifh under-
neath, of a pretty fharp fcent and tafte, fomewhat like unto burnet ; and a leaf there-
of, put into acup of claret, giveth it a fine relifh: at the tops of the ftalks and
. branches ftand many tufts of fmall white leaves thick together, which {mell much
fweeter than the leaves ; and in their places, being fallen, come crooked and cornered
: feed. The root is fomewhat woody, and blackifh on the outfide, and brownith with-
“in, with divers greater ftrings and leffer fibres fet thereat, of a ftrong {cent, but
2 not fo pleafant as the flowers and leaves ; it abideth many years, fhooting forth anew
‘every {pring.

* Pace. It grows in moift meadows, or near the courfes fo water,

© ‘Tame. Itflowereth in fome place or other all the three fummer months, viz. June,
july, and Auguft ; and the feed is ripe quickly after.

; GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. - Venus claims dominion over this herb. Iti is ufed
to {tay all manner of bleedings, fluxes, vomitings, and women’s courfes, as alfo their
whites : It is faid to take away the fits of quartan agues, and to make a merry heart,
‘for which purpofe fome ufe the flowers, and fome the leaves. It fpeedily gui’

No. 21. gM

_ 312 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICEAN,

thofe that are troubled with the cholic, being boiled in wine ; and, with a little honey, -
taken warm, it openeth the belly.: but, boiled in red wineand drunk, it ftayeth the
ftux of the belly. . Being outwardly applied, it healeth old ulcers that are cancerous
or eaten, or hollow and fiftulous, for which it is by many much commended, as alfo
for fores in the mouth or fecret parts. The leaves, when they are full grown,” being
laid upon the fkin ,will in a fhort time raife blifters thereon. The water thereof hel-
peth the heat an d inflammation of the eyes.

(Ye auIncE-TREE,

Description. THE ordinary quince-tree groweth often to the height and big-
nefs of an apple-tree, but more ufually lower, and crooked, with 4 rough bark,
and fpreading branches far abroad. The leaves are fomewhat like thofe of the apple-
tree, but thicker, broader, and fuller of veins, and whiter on the under fide, not-
dented at all about the edges. The flowers are large and white, fometimes dafhed
over with a blufh. The fruit, when ripe, is yellow, and covered with a white frieze
or cotton, thick fet on the younger, and growing lefs as they grow to be thorough
ripe, bunched out oftentimes in fome places, fome being like an apple, and fome a
pear, of a ftrong heady feent, not durable to keep, and is four, harfh, and of an un-
pleafant tafte, to eat frefh ; but, being fealded, roafted, baked, or peether te: be-
comes more pleafant.

Paces anv Time. It thrives'and grows beft near the wterohde, pry is com-
mon throughout Great Britain ; it flowereth not wen the leaves come forth. TG
fruit is ripe in September or O€tober.

Government Anp Virtues. Old Saturn owns the tree: Quinces, when ied
| ate green, | help all forts of fluxes in man or woman, and choleric lafks, c aftings, and

ver needeth aftri€tion, more than any way prepared by fire : yet the fyrup of

the juice, or the conferve, is rather opening, much of the binding quality being
tne the fire ; and, if a little vinegar be added, it ftirreth up the languifhing

P As 4A HS

and ftrengtheneth the ftomach ; fome {pices being added, it comforteth and
cheereth the decayed and fainting fpirits, and helpeth the liver when opprefied fo
that it cannot ‘the digeftion ; and correéteth choler and flegm. If you would
have them purging, put honey to them inftead of fugar; and, if more laxative, for

choler, rhubarb 5 for flégin, tarbith ; for watery humours, feammony : but, if more

forcibly to bind, ufe the unripe quinces, with rofes, acacia, or hypociftis, and fome

torrified rhubarb. © “Totake the crude juice of quinces is held a prefervative againtt
the force of deadly poifon $'for ic hath ~~ found moft true, that the very {mell of

a quince

AND COMPLETE, HERBAL: 313

aquince hath taken away all the ftrength of the poifon of white hellebore. If there
be need. of any outward binding and cooling of any hot fluxes, the oil of quinces, or
other medicines that may be made thereof, are very available to anoint the belly or
other parts. It likewife ftrengtheneth the ftomach and belly, and the finews that
areloofened by fharp humours falling on them, and reftraineth immoderate fweating.
The mucilage, taken from the feeds of quinces, and boiled in a little water, is very
good to cool the heat, and heal the fore breafts of women, The fame with a little
fugar is good to lenify the harfhnefs and forenefs of the throat, and roughnefs of the
tongue. The cotton or down of: quinces, boiled, and applied to plague-fores,
healeth them up; and, laid.as a plafter, made up with wax, it bringeth hair to them
that are bald, and keepeth it from falling off.

QUICK-GRASS. sonia: fm
Kinps anp Names. There are feveral forts of thefe graffes, fome growing in the

_ fields and other places of the upland grounds, and others near the fea; it is alfo cal-
"led dogs-grafs, and gramen caninum , the other feveral names fhall follow in the
defcriptions. | ek ae
Description. 1. Common quick-grafs, gramen caninum vulgare. This _grafs
creepeth far about under ground, with long white jointed roots, and {mall fibres
almoft at every joint, very fweet in tafte, as the reft of the herb is, and interlacing,

_ one‘another ; from whence fhoot forth many fair and long grafs leaves, fmall at the
ends, and cutting or fharp at the edges ; the ftalks are jointed like corn, with the like
leaves on them, and a long fpiked head, with long husks onthem, and hard rough
feed in them. nr araee =| b nei opine

2. Quick-grafs with a more fpreading panicle, gramen caninum longius, radicatum,
and paniculatum. This differeth very little from the former, but in the tuft, or pani-
ele, which is more fpread into branches, with fhorter and broader husks; and in
the root, which is fuller, greater, and further {pread. :

3. The leffer quick-grafs with afparfed tuft, gramen caninum, latiore panicula minus.

This {mall quick-grafs hath flender ftalks, about half a foot high, with many very
narrow leaves, both below and on the ftalks 5 the tuft, or panicle, at the top, is {mall
according to the plant, and fpreadeth into fundry parts, oF branches : the root is
fmall and jointed, but creepeth not fomuch, and has many more fibres than the others
have, and is a little browner, but more fweet. 5 tee

4. Low bending quick-grafs, gramen caninum, arvenfe, This creepeth much under
ground, but in a different manner, the ftalk taking root in divers places, eile :
i

o
Oo

314 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

rifing a foot high; with fuch-like green leaves as the ordinary, but. fhorter; the;
fpiked head is bright, and fpreadeth abroad fomewhat like the field-grafs.

5. Gramen canintim fupinum monfpelienfe. This differeth very little from the laft, im
any other part thereof than in the panicle, or fpiked head ; which is longer, and not
fpread or branched into parts as that is.

6. A fall fweet grafs like quick-gtafs, gramen’ ovile tenui ifolium; anataalioea ei
gramen dulce. This {mall grafs hath many low creeping branches, rooting at the
joints, like the two laft; having a number of fmall and narrow leaves on them, much.
lefs than they ; anda fmall fparfed panicle, fomewhat like the red dwarf-grafs.

9, Wall-grafs with a creeping root, gramen murorum radice repente. This wall-
grafs, from a blackifh creeping root, fpringeth forth with many {talks .a foot high,
bending or crooking with a few narrow fhort leaves on them, at whofe tops ftand
{mall white panicles, of an inch anda half long, made’of many fmall chaffy hufks.

Peace anp Time. The firftis ufual and common in divers plowed grounds and
dertlihie, where it is often more bold than welcome, troubling the hufbandmen as
much after the plowing up of fome of them, (as, to pull up the reft after the fpring-
ing, and, being raked together, to burn them,) as it doth gardeners, where it hap-

peneth, to weed it out from amongft their trees.and herbs ; the fecond and third are
more fcarce, and delight in fandy and chalky grounds ; the three next are likewife
found in fields that have been plowed and do lie fallow; and the laft is often found
-onold decayed walls in divers places ; they flourifh in the beginning of. funmer. sis
~~ Government anp Virtues. Thefe are plants of Mercury. The root is of
temperature cold and dry, and hath a little mordacity in it, and fome tenuity of
parts ; the herb is cold in the firft degree, and moderate in moifture and drinefs 5 but
the feed is much morecoldand drying. . This quick-grafs is. moft medicinal of all
other forts of graffes: it iseffectual to open obftructions of the liver and fpleen, and
the ftoppings of urine ; the decoction thereof, being drunk, and to eafe the. griping
‘Pains in the belly, and inflammations, and wafteth the excrementitious matter of the
Hone in the bladder, and the ulcers thereof; alfo the root, being bruifed and applied,
doth knit together and confolidate wounds: the feed doth more powerfully, expel

‘bindeth the belly, and ftayeth vomiting the diftilled water is good to be given
to children forthe worms,

ay, “RADISH ayo HORSE-RADISH:
THE garden radifh is fo well known that it needeth no defcription.
_ Description. The horfe-radith hath its firft leaves rifing before winter, about

a foot and a half long, very much cut in or torn on i edges into many parts, ‘of a
2 dark

=
—— ae, ,
a 9 iS a: = aS Y
; —————_ hax i
ges AR SS
r GY 4 } =

Fomegranate Tree.

fal
x

Oe

Queer of the Meadows.
4 GO

y ‘
.

\
~

Wild Radish.
She

_

Quince Tree.

4
ao me J

Rock ot.

| Nev

|

}
Ay

Red hiatile Grafi.

?

Wild Rocke.

: J yy e : ey
1 4low Raltle Grafs.

heft Harr 0W.

x

‘AND COMPLETE HERBAL. “ 315.

dark green colour, witha great rib in the middle ; after thofe have been up a while,
others follow, greater, rougher, broader, and longer, whole, and not divided as the,
firft, but only fomewhat roundly dented about the edges. The ftalk, when it beareth,
flowers, (which is but feldom,) is great, rifing up with fome few f{maller leaves
thereon to three or four feet high, fpreading at the top many fmall branches of white,
flowers, of four leaves each ; after which come fmall pods, like thofe of fhepherds
purfe, but feldom with any feed in them. The root is large, long, white, and rug-
ged, fhooting up divers heads of leaves ; but it doth not creep within ground, norrun
above ground, and is of a ftrong, fharp, and bitter, tafte, almoft like muftard.
. Peace. It is found wild in fome places in England, but is chiefly planted in gar-
- dens where it thrives in moift and fhadowy places,

Time. It flowereth but feldom, but, when it doth, it is in July.
- GovERNMENTAND Virtues. They are both under Mars. ‘Thejuice of horfe-
radifh, given to drink, is held to be very effectual for the fcurvy. It killeth the
worms in children, being drunk, and alfo laid upon the belly. The root bruifed, -
and laid to the place grieved with the fciatica, joint-ach, or the hard {wellingsof the
liver and fpleen, doth wonderfully help them all. The diftilled water of the herb
and roots is more commonly taken with a little fugar for all the purpofes aforefaid. -

Garden radifhes are eaten as fallad, but they breed humours in the ftomach, and
corrupt the blood ; yet, for fuch as are troubled with the gravel, ftone, or ftoppage
of urine, they are good phyfic, if the body be ftrong that takes them ; the juice of
the roots may be made into a fyrup for that ufe: they purge by urine exceedingly.

Sleep not prefently after the eating of radifh, for that will caufe a ftinking breath.

RAGWORT.

IT is called St. James-wort, ftagger-wort, ftammer-wort, and feggrum.
_ Description. The greater common ragwort hath many large and long dark

green leaves lying on the ground, very much rent and torn on the fides into many
pieces; from among which rife up fometimes one and fometimes two or three {quare

or crefted blackith ftalks three or four feet high, fometimes branched, bearing divers
fuch-like leaves upon them at feveral diftances unto the tops, where it brancheth _
forth into many ftalks bearing yellow flowers, confifting of a number of leaves fet
asa pale, or border, with a dark yellow thrum in the middle, which at laft turninto
down, and, with the {mall blackifh gray feed, are carried away with the wind. The

oot is made of many fibres, whereby it is firmly. faftened i into the cee andabideth
many years, é : iia “43 ne se el
i No. 21, ~ @Ne | There

516 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

-“T here is another fort hereof different from the former only in this, that it rifeth not
fo liigh 5 the leaves arenot fo finely jagged, norof fo dark a green colour, but nati
whitifh, foft, and woolley, and the flowers ufi ually paler.

Psace. They both grow wild in paftures and untilled grounds in many phibes;
and oftentimes both of them in one field. |

Time. They flower in June and July, and the feed is ripe in Auguft. .

- GovernMENT AND Virtues. -Ragwort is underthe command of Venus, and
cleanfeth, digefteth, and difcuffeth. The decoétion of this herb is good for ulcers in
the mouthor throat, and for fwellings, hardnefs, or impofthumations, for it thorough-
ly cleanfeth and healeth them ; as alfo the quinfey and the king’s evil, It helpeth
to ftay catarrhs, thin rheum, and defluxions from the head into the. eyes, nofe, or
lungs. ‘The juice is found by experience to be goed to heal green wounds, and to
cleanfe and heal old and filthy ulcers; as alfo inward wounds and ulcers, and ftayeth
the malignity of fretting or running cancers, and hollow fiftulas, not fuffering them
to fpread further. It is alfo much commended to help achs and pains, either in the
Refhy parts, or in the nerves and finews ; as alfo the fciatica, or pain of the hips.
Bathe the places with the decoction of the herb, or anoint them with an ointment
made of the herb bruifed and boiled in hogs-lard, with maftic and olibanum in

bated added to it after i it is s ftrained. An Suffex this herb is called ragwood.*

GB RATTLE-GRASS.

‘ _OF this there are two kinds, the red and the yellow.
Description. ‘The common red rattle-grafs hath fundry reddifh hollow flalks,
7 cand fometimes green, .rifing from the root, lying for the moft part on the ground,
yet fome growing more upright, with many {mall reddifh or greenifh leaves fet on
-both fides of a middle rib finely dented about the edges: the flowers ftand at the
‘tops of the ftalks and branches, of a fine purplith red colour; after which come flat
blackith feed in fmall hufks, which, lying loofe therein, will rattle with thaking.
heroot confifts of two or three fmall whitifh {trings, with fome fibres thereat. 4
1€ commor sania rattle hath feldom above one round green’ ftalk, rifing from

and fe XK ' ew ewhat trond leaves fet ata a loli. deeply cut inon the edges, refem-
acock, broadeft next the ftalk, The Rlowers grow at the tops of

if with gop reafon agsing fwelings, ue in inflammations : they are fe
Seb ame with bread and oil.

60? Sf 5 “gore 2mn@t
i Eo b i the

CAND? COMPLETE HERBAL © 37

the ftalks, .with fome Shorter leaves with them, hooded after the fame manner as the
others, but many, of afair yellow colour, in fome paler, in fome whiter. The feed
is contained in large hufks ; the root is fmaller and flender, perifhing every year,
eoPrace. » They grow in meadows and woods generally, throughout England.

Time. They arein flower from Midfummer till Auguft.

GovERNMENT AND Virtuzs. They are both under the dominion of the Main,
‘The redrrattle is reckoned good to heal fiftulas and hollow ulcers, and to flay the
flux of humours to them, or any other flux of blood, being boiled in red or white
wineand drunk. -

“The yellow rattle, or cocks-comb, is held to be good for thofe that are otaaie’
‘nich a cough; or dimnefs of fight; if the herb, being boiled with beans, and. fome
honey put thereto, be drunk, ordropped into the eyes, it draweth forth any skin, dim-
mee” ot film, fromthe fight, without trouble or pain. , Se ig a :

REST-HARROW, on “CAMMOAK. |

Duscrirrion. COMMON teft-harrow rifeth up with divers rough woody
twigs, two or three feet high, fet at the joints without order, with a little-roundifh
Jeaves; fometimes more than two or three at a place, of a dark green colour, withc
thorns while they are young, but afterwards armed i in fundry places with fhort.. and
fharp thorns. The flowers come at the tops of the twigs and branches, whereof it is
full, fathioned like peafe, or bloom bloffoms, but {maller, flatter, and fomewhat
clofe, of a faint purplifh colour: after which come fmall pods, containing {fmall, flat
~ and round, feed. The root is blackifh on the outfide,and whitifh within: very rough
‘and hard to break when it is frefh and green, ‘and as hard as an horn when it- is dried,
thrufting down deep into the ground, and tpreadiing ostithined ‘ewery sAcrab en Ca

to grow again if it be left in the ground.
Pract gE, It ‘groweth i in many Plaves‘o of Srett ae as well i in naabie i in pines

ground. ae
‘Ti ME. Tt flowereth i in general about the beginning or middle of ays ‘and the

Red is ripe in Auguit. S

: “Government anp Virtues. It is under the dominion of Mars.” It is good
‘to provoke u urine and to break and expel the ftone, which the powder of the bark’ of
the root taken i in wine performs effeetually. Mathiolus faith, the fame helpeth the
“ifeate called hérnia’carnofa, the flefhy rupture, by taking the {aid powder for foe
_months together conftantly, and that it hath cured fome which feemed incura
“any other means than by cutting or burning. The decoétion the of, mac
fome vinegar, and gargled in the mouth, eafeth the tooth ach, efi

318. CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

comes of rheum; and is very powerful to open obftructions of the liver and {pleen;
and other parts. A diftilled water, made in balneo maria with four pounds of the
roots hereof, firft fliced {mall, and afterwards fteeped in a gallon of Canary wine, is
very. good for all the purpofes aforefaid, and to cleanfe the paflages of the urine. The
powder of the faid root made into an electuary or lozenges with fugar, as alfo the bark
of the frefh roots boiled tender, and afterwards beaten into a conferve with fugar,
worketh the like effect. The powder of the roots, ftrewed upon the brims of ulcers,
or mixed with any other convenient thing and applied, confumeth the hardnefs, and
caufeth them to heal the better.

G2 nm OC UE. Be ty

~ AS the garden-rocket is rather ufed as a fallad-herb than to any phyfical purpofes,
I fhall omit it, and only fpeak of the common wild rocket.

Description. The common wild rocket hath longer and narrower leaves, much
more divided into flender cuts and jags on both fides of the middle rib than the gar-
den kinds have, of a fad greencolour, from among which rifeth up divers {tiff talks,
two or three feet high, fometimes fet with the like leaves, but fmaller, and much lefs
upwards, branched from the middle into fundry ftalks; bearing yellow flowers of
four leaves each, as the others are, which afterwards yield fmall reddifh feed, in fmall
long pods, of a more bitter and hot biting tafte than the garden kinds, as are the
leaves likewife.

_ Prace. It is found wild in moft places of Great Britain,

Time. It flowereth about June and July, and the feed is ripe in Auguft.
| . GoveRNMENT AND Virtues, The wild rocketsare forbidden to be ufed alone,

ans their fharpnefs fumeth into the head, caufing ach and pain ; and are no

lefs hurtful to hot and choleric perfons, for fear of inflaming their blood. Mars rules
them. The wild rocket is more ftrong than the garden kinds; it ferveth to help
ligef ion, and provoketh urine exceedingly. The feed is ufed to cure the bitings

fer D nts, the {corpion, the fhrew-moufe, and other poifons, and expelleth the worms

-and other noifome creatures that breed in the body. The herb, boiled or {tewed,
and fome fu ar put thereto, helpeth the cough in children, being taken often. The

- feed alfo, taken in drink, taketh away the ill {cent of the arm-pits, increafeth milk in
nurfes, and wafteth the fpleen. The feed, mixed with honey, and ufed on the face,

cleanfeth the fkin_ from {pots, morphew, and other difcolourings ; and, ufed with

vinegar, RPT ckles and rednefs i in the face or other parts ; and, with the

baa 4a

RHEOD “WINTER

“AND COMPLETE HERBAL > oA

WINTER ROCKET, or CRESSES.

~ DescriPTion. WINT ER rocket, or winter crefles, hath divers fomewhat
like’ curnip-leaves, with fmaller | pieces next the bottom, and broad at the ends, which
fo abide all winter, (if it {pring up in autumn, when it is ufed to be eaten,) from among
which rifeth up divers {mall round ftalks full of branches, bearing many fmall yel-
low flowers of four leaves each, after which come fmall long pods with reddifh feed
inthem. ‘The root is rather ftringy, and perifheth every year after the feed is ripe.
Prac. It groweth of its own accord in gardens, and fields, by the Ligh -fides, it in
divers places.

Time. It flowereth in May, and feedeth in June, and then perifheth. 7
“GoverRNMENT AND Virtues. This is profitable to provoke urine, and helpeth
the ftranguary, and to expel gravel and the ftone ; it is alfo of good effect in the fcur-
vy. “It is found by experience to bea good herb to cleanfe inward wounds ; the juice
ot decoétion, being drunk, or outwardly applied to wath foul ulcers and fores, cleanf-
eth them by fharpnefs, and hindereth the dead Het from Sincrgghe-. event pennants
. @th asa re the ott quality.

,

LA nO 2 ES. | CONES EEO
nf HOLD i it needlefs to trouble the reader with a defcription of thefe, fince both
the garden rofes and the wild rofes of the briers are well enough known; take there-
fore the virtues of them as followeth ; and firft I thall begin with the garden kinds.
- GOVERNMENT AND VIRTUES. Red rofes are under Jupiter, damafk under ‘Venus,
and white under the Moon. The white and the red rofes are cooling and | drying, and
yet the white i is taken to exceed the red in both thofe properties, but is feldom ufed
inwardly i in medicine. The bitternefs in the rofes when they are freth, efpecially the
juice, purgeth choler and watery humours; but, being dried, and that heat which
caufed the bitternefs. being confumed, they have then a binding quality ; thofe alfo
that z are not full blown do both cool and bind more than thefe that are full blown,
and the white rofes more than the red. The decoétion of red rofes, made with wine,
and ufed, is very good for the head-ach, and pains in the eyes, ears, throat, and gums,
as alfo for the fundament, the lower bowels, and the matrix, The fame decoétion,
with the rofes remaining in it, is profitably applied to the region of the heart to eafe
the ‘inflammation therein ; as alfo St. Anthony’s fire, and other difeafes of. the ftos |
inach. "Being dried and beaten to powder, and taken into fteeled wine: 0F 3 yatery
it helpeth to ftay women's courfes.’ The yellow threads inthe middle of the red roles
“No. 22, <2 40 (which |

320 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

(which are erroneoufly called the rofe feed), being powdered, and drunk, in the dif-
tilled water of quinces, ftayeth the defluxion of rheum upon the gums and teeth,
preferving them from corruption, and fafteneth them if they be loofe, being wafhed
and gargled therewith, and fome vinegar of {quills added thereto. The heads, with
the feed, being ufed in powder, or in a decoction, ftay the Jask and {pitting of blood.
Red rofes do ftrengthen the heart, ftomach, and liver, and the retentive faculty ; they
mitigate the pains that arife from heat, affuage inflammations, procure reft and fleep,
{tay running of the reins and fluxes of the belly; the juice of them doth purge and
cleanfe the body from choler and phlegm. The husks of the rofes, with the beards
and nails, are binding and cooling, and the diftilled water of either of them is good
for heat and rednefs in the eyes, and to ftay and dry up the rheums and. watering of
them. Of the red rofes are ufually made many compofitions, all ferving to fundry
good ules, viz. electuary of rofes; conferve, both moift and dry, which is more
ufually called fugar of rofes ; fyrup of dried rofes, and honey of rofes; the cordial
powder called diarrhodon abbatis and aromatica rofarum, the diftilled water of
rofes, vi of rofes, ointment and oil of rofes, and the rofe-leaves dried, which,
although no confpofition, is yet of very great ufe and effect. The ele€tuary is purg-
ing, whereof two or three drachms taken by itfelf in fome convenient liquor is a
purge fufficient for a weak conftitution ; but may be encreafed to fix drachms, ac-
cording to the flrength of the patient. It purgeth cHoler without trouble, and is
good i in hot fevers, and pains of the head arifing from hot choleric humours and heat
in the eyes, the jaundice alfo, and joint-achs proceeding of hothumours. The moitt
conferve is of much ufe, both binding and cordial ; for, until it be about two years.
~ old, it is more binding than cordial, and after that more cordial than binding : fome
‘of the younger conferve, taken with mitbridatum, mixed together, is good for thofe
that are troubled with diftillations of rheum from the brain to the nofe, and deflux-
_ dons of rheum into the eyes, as alfo for fluxes and lasks of the belly; and, being
mixed with the powder of maftic, is very good for the running of the reins, and
for the loofene!s of humours in the body. The old conferve, mixed with arématicum
m , is a very good cordial again{t faintings, fwoonings, weaknefs, and trem-
blings of the heart, ftrengthening both it and a weak ftomach, helpeth digeftion,
ftayeth cafting, and is very good prefervative in the time of infection. The dry con-
ferve, which is called fagar of rofes, is avery good cordial to ftrerigthen the heart
and fpirits, as allo to flay defluxions. The fyrup of dried red rofes ftrengtheneth a

ftomach given to ¢ iba acs
ae hice over- li
eth putrefaction and infeétion heated liver, comforteth the heart, refilt-

nection, and helpeth to ftay lasks ahd Auxes. Honey of
roles is much ufed in gargles and lotions, to wath fores, either in the mouth, throat,

2 or

AND COMPLETE: HERBAL ee

or other parts, both to heal them and to-ftay the fluxes of humours falling upon
them; it is alfo ufed in clifters, The cordial powders, called darrhodon abbatis
and arcmaticus rofarum, do comfort and ftrengthen the heart and ftomach, procure
an appetite, help digeftion, ftop vomiting, and are very good for thofe that have flip-
pery bowels, to ftrengthen them and to dry up their moifture. Red-rofe water is of
well-known and familiar ufe in all occafions, (and better than damafk-rofe water,)
being cooling and cordial, quickening the weak and faint fpirits, ufed either in
- meats or broths, to. wafh-the temples, to fmell to at the nofe, or to fmell the fweet
’ vapours thereof out of a perfuming pot, or caft on a hot fire-fhovel; it is alfo of
good ufe againft the rednefs and inflammations of the eyes, to bathe them therewith,
and the temples of the head alfo againft pain and ach, for which purpofe alfo vinegar
of rofes is of great fervice, and to procure reft and fleep, if fome thereof and rofe wa-
ter together be ufed to fmell to, or the nofe and temples moiftened therewith, but.
more ufually to moiften a piece of red-rofe cake cut fit for the purpofe, . and heated
between a double-folded cloth, with a little. beaten nutmeg, and poppy-feed ftrewed
on the fide that mult ‘Vie next to the forehead and temples, and bourid thereto all
night. The ointment of rofes is much ufed againft heat and infammations i in the
head, to anoint the forehead and temples, and, being mixed with unguentum pi i
to procure reft; itis alfo ufed for the heat of the liver, of the back and reins, to
cool and heal pufhes, wheals, and other red pimples rifing in the face or other parts.
Oil of rofes is not only ufed by itfelf to cool any hot fwellings or inflammations, and
to bind and ftay fluxes of humours unto fores, but is alfo put into ointments and
plafters that are cooling and binding, to reftrain the flux of humours. The dried
leaves of the red rofes are ufed both inwardly and outwardly, being cooling, binding,
and cordial ; for with them are made both aromaticum rofarum, diarrbodon abbatis, ‘and’
faccharum roferum, each of whofe properties are before declared. Rofe-leaves and
mint, heated and applied outwardly to the ftomach, ftay caftings, and very much
" ftrengthen a weak ftomachs and, applied as a fomentation to the region of the liver
and heart, do much cool and temper them, and alfo ferve inftead of a rofe-cake, to
quiet the over-hot fpirits and caufe reft and fleep. The fyrup of damask-rofes is
both fimple and compound, and made with agaric.» The fimple folutive fyrup is a
familiar, fafe, gentle, and eafy, medicine, purging choler, taken from one ounce to.
three or four 5: yet this is remarkable herein, that the diftilled water of this fy rup-
fhould notably bind the belly. The fyrup with agaric is more ftrong and effectual,.
fete ounce thereof by icfelf will open the body more than'the other, aa:
as much on phlegm assholer. The compound fyrup is more pein oa ets “

322 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

melancholy humours, and againft the leprofy, itch, tetters, &cc. and the French difeafe.
Alo honey of rofes folutive is made of the fame infufions that the fyrup is made of,
and therefore worketh the fame effect both opening and purging, but is oftener given
to phlegmatic than choleric perfons, and is more ufed in clifters than in potions, as the
fyrup made with fugar is. The conferve and preferved leaves of thefe rofes are alfo
- operative in gently opening the belly.

The fimple water of the damask-rofes is chiefly ufed for fumes to fweeten things,
as the dried leaves thereof to make {weet powders and fill {weet bags. The wild
rofes are few or none of them ufed in phyfic, but yet are generally held to come near
the nature of the manured rofes. The fruit of the wild brier, which are called hops,
being thoroughly ripe, and made into a conferve with fugar, befides the pleafantnefs

‘of the tafte, doth gently bind the belly, and ftay defluxions from the head upon the
ftomach, drying up the moifture thereof, and helpeth digeftion. The brier-ball isof-
ten ufed, being made into powder and drunk, to break the ftone, provoke urine when
it is topped, and to eafe and help the cholic. In the middle of thefe balls are often
found certain white worms, which, being dried, and made into powder, and fome of
it drunk, is found, by experience of many, to kill and void the worms of the belly.

DL. ROSA SOLIS, or SUN-DEW.

- Deserirtion. IT hath divers fmall round hollow leaves, fomewhat greenihh, but
fall of certain red hairs, which makes them feem red, every one ftanding upon his
own footftalks, reddifh hairy Jikewife. The leaves are continually moift in the hotteft
day, for the hotter the fun fhines on them the moifter they are, with a certain flimi-

Seis nefs, the {mall hairs always holding this moifture. Among thefe leaves rife up {mall
= -flender ftalks, reddifh alfo, three or four fingers high, bearing divers {mall white

_ Knobs one above another, which are the flowers; after which, in the heads, are con-
tained {mall feeds : the root is a few {mall hairs.

ACE, Ie groweth ufually in bogs and in wet places, and fometimes in ec ;

IME It flowereth i in June, and then the leaves are fitteft to be sienereds
OVERNMENT AND Virtues. The Sun rules it, and it is under the fign Can-
cer. ~ Rofa folis i is accounted good to help thofe that have falt rheum diftilling on
their lungs, which. breedeth a confumption, and therefore the diftilled water thereof
in wine is held fit and profitable for fuch to drink, which water will be of a gold
yellow colour: the far ne water is held to be good for all other difeafes of the lungs;
as phthifics, wheefing, thortnefs of breath, or the cough ; as alfo to heal the ‘ulcers
that’

N 38

B artard bibarb

Lihubart ms

z=
o

Monks Rhubarb.

= ; o — Gt ‘
Small Bastardihubarb. Cardaltue, Bhat Heid.

Lupilure wore.

‘

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 323

that happen in the lungs, and it comforteth the heart and fainting fpirits ; the leaves
outwardly applied to the fkin will raife blifters, which hath .caufed fome to thik it
dangerous to be taken inwardly. There ig an ufual drink made hereof, with aqua:
vite and {pices, frequently, and without any offence or cman} but to good purpofe,

a de in qualms and paffions of the heart.

+

ihe ee IM

OUR garden rofemary is fo well known, that I need not defcribe it. ig atl.
Time. It flowereth in April and May with us, and fometimes again in Auguft.
GoveRNMENT AND Virtues, The Sun claims privilege in it, and it is under the
coeleftial Ram. ‘It isan herb of as great ufe with us as any whatfoever, not only for
phyfical, but civil, purpofes. T he phyfical ufe of it (being my prefent tafk) is very
much both for inward and outward difeafes; for, by the warming and comforting
_heat hereof, it helpeth all cold difeafes, both of the head, ftomach, liver, and belly. ge
~ The decoction thereof in wine helpeth the cold difti ations of rheum into the eyes, !
- and all other cold difeafes of the head and brain, as the giddinefs or fwimming there-
in, drowfinefs; or dulnefg of the mind and fenfes, the dumb palfy, or lofs of fpeech,
_ the'lethargy, and falling-ficknefs, to be both drunk and the temples bathed there-
with. It helpeth the pains inthe gums and teeth, by rheum falling into them, or, by
2 cremaee caufing ‘an evil {mell from them, or a ftinking breath. . It helpeth a
_ weakymemory, and quickeneth the fenfes. It is ver oe arid to the ftomach i ‘in
~allthe cold griefs thereof, helping digeftion, the deco
wine. It is a remedy for wind in the ftomach els, ¢
_ olys.as alfo wind in the fpleen. . It helpeth thofe that are liv
~ ebftruétions thereof. It helpeth dim eyes, and procureth a
thereof being taken, all the while it is flowering, every morning fafting, with peal
and falt. Both Diofcorides and Galen fay, that, i if a + decoction be made thereof with
water, and they that have. the yellow jaundice do xercife their bodi prefently after
the taking thereof, it will certainly curethem. _ The flowers, and the confervemade
ws Lay are good to comfort: the heart, and to exp el the contagiot ‘of the” peftilence , 5: ea
: ee herb in oles ee: chambers correcte i | .

is a 5 fovercign help ‘eit all ¢ lifeal s afc

924 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

two or three drops, for all the difeafes of the head and braia fpoken of before; as.
alfo to take.a-drop, two, or three, as the caufe requireth, for the inward griefs: yet
mutt it be done with difcretion, for it is very quick and piercing, and therefore but
a very little mutt be taken-at a time, There is alfo another oil made in this manner »
take what quantity you will of the flowers, and put them into a ftrong glafs clofe
ftopped, tie a fine linen cloth over the mouth, and turn the mouth down into another
ftrong glafs, which being fet in the fun, an oil will diftil down into the lower glafs,

to be preferved as precious for divers ufes, both inward and outward, as a fovereign?
balm to heal the difeafes before-mentioned, to clear a dim fight, and to take away

{pots, marks, and fcars, in the fkin. This herb is good for a dull and melancholy

man to make ufe of ; for, if they take the flowers, and make them into powder, and

bind them on the right arm in a linen cloth, this powder, by working on the veins,
will:makea man more merry than ordinary, Roa

| a RHUBARB, or RHAPONTIC, Z/

THOUGH the name may fpeak it foreign, yet it grows with us in England,
and that frequently enough, in our gardens s and is nothing inferior to that which
is brought us out of China ; take therefore adefcription at large of it, as followeth.
_Dascription. : At the firlt appearing out of the ground, when the winter is paft,
it hath a great round brownith head, rifing from the middle or fides of the root, which
openeth itfelf into fundry leaves one after another, very much crumpled. or folded
together at the firft, and brownith but afterwards it {preadeth itfelf, and becometh
imooth, very large, and almoft round, every one ftanding on a brownith ftalk, of
the thicknefs of a man’s thumb when they are grown to their fulnefs, and molt of
them two feet and more in length, efpecially when they grow in any moift or good
at ground 3 and the {talk of the leaf alfo, from the bottom thereof to the leaf itfelf, ts
about two feet; the Breadth thereof from edge to edge, in the broadeft place, is alfo
to #eet 5 of a fad or dark green colour, of a. fine.tart or fourith tafte, much more
; a the Barden or wood forrel. From among thefe rifeth up fometimes, but

AND) COMPLETE! HERBAL. 325

fabftance or root; which rind and.skin, being pared away, the root appeareth of fo
frefh and lively a colour, with frefh-coloured veins running through it, that the
choiceft of that rhubarb. that is brought: us from beyond the feas cannot excel it:
which root, if it-be dried carefully, and as it Ought, (which muft be in our country
by the gentle heat of a fire, in regard the fun is not hot enough here to do it,) and
every piece kept from touching one another, will hold its colour almoft as well as
when it is frefh;.and hath been tere: af; aoe —T ns sap: nist se

oftentimes ufed it... Lorh
.Puace. It groweth in eibcatis and Adeline abou the benseining or middle of
June, and the feed is ripe in July. (usrtt (24

Time. The roots, that are to es a and ‘iil all the year following, are not te
be taken up-before the ftalk and leaves be quite withered and gone, and that is not
until the middle or end of Oftober ; and, if they be taken a little before the leaves:
do fpring, or when they are {prung up, the roots will not have fo good a colour in

~ “y a a 1
ot

Joh “GARDEN PATIENCE, on MONKS RHUBARB,

Bubonsetiesh THI Sisa dock; bearing the name of rhubarb for rides
ing quality therein, and groweth up with large tall ftalks, fet with fomewhat broad
and long fair green leaves, not dented. The tops of the ftalks, being divided into
many {mall branches, bear reddifh or purplith flowers, and three-fquare feed, like
untoother docks. The root is long, great, and yellow, like unto the wild docks,

— bata little redder, and, if it be a Hittle dried, iPuages lefs Gitoloured ye veins § that the

aivaeeis when i itis dry.

JIG GREAT ROUND-LEAVED DOCK, on BASTARD. RHUBARB... my LY

“Deseniprtow: “THIS hath divers large, round, thin, Yyellowith Sreen leaves, :
fifing from the root, a little waved above the edges, every one ftanding ona thick ate |
long brownifhi foot: {talk from among which rifeth up a pretty big ftalk, about two
feethigh, with fome fuch-like leaves growing thereon, but fmailler , at the top where-

Of ftand, in a lone fpike, many fmall brownifh flowers, which turn into hard three |
Apdie Mantay ‘brown feed, like the ‘garden patience ‘before defcribed, This root oe
Brows larger, “with | many branches of great fibres, yellow on thé outfide, and fome- pa ae
what pale yellow within, with fome difcoloured veins, like the rhebarb firft deferibed , ae
boe e much Jefs; ‘efpecially when it is dry. ~ a Pine .

36 «6s CUL PEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Pace anp Time. .-Thefe alfo grow in eariins, they flower in June, and _—
is ripe in July. ins beioie

GovERNMENT AND Vonae Mars claims saheidhdindnc} aver all the wholefome:
herbs: adrachm of the dried, root of monks rhubarb, with a {cruple of ginger,’
made into powder, and taken, fafting in a draught or mefs of warm broth, purgeth’
choler and phlegm downwards, very gently and fafely, without danger : the feed there-
of, contraraly, doth bind the belly, and helpeth:to:ftay any fort of lask or bloody flux.’
The dittilled water thereof is very profitably ufed to heal fcabs, as alfo'foul ulcerous’
fores, and to allay the inflammation of them: The juice of the leaves or roots, or the
decoction of them in vinegar, is ufed as a moft effectual aoate to — {cabs and
running foress:.

. The baftard-rhubarb coh all the properties = the monks rhubarb, but is more
effectual for both inward and outward:difeafes. . The decoétion thereof, with vine-’
gar, dropped into the ears, taketh away the pains ; gargled in the mouth, taketh

away the tooth-ach; and, being drunk, healeth the jaundice. The feed thereof’
ceafeth the gnawing and griping pains of the ftomach, and taketh away loathing.
‘The root thereof _helpeth the ruggednefs of the nails, and, being boiled in wine,
helpeth the fwelling of the throat, commonly called the King’ s evil, as alfo the {wel-
lings of the kernels, of the ears. . It helpeth them that are troubled with the ftone,
provoketh urine, and helpeth the dimnefs of the fight, The roots of this baftard-
rhubarb are ufed in opening and purging diet-drinks with other things to open the
liver, and to cleanfe and cool the blood.. :

The properties of that which is called the Englith rhubarb are he iste with the
former, but much more effeétual, and hath all the properties of the true Indian rhu-
barb, except the force in purging, wherein it is but of half the ftrength thereof, aad.
: erelore a double quantity muft be ufed ; it likewife hath not that bitternefs and

+s on; in other things it worketh almoft in an equal quality, which are thefe:.
geth the body of choler and phlegm, being either taken of itfelf, made into pow-
nd drunk in a draught of white wine, or fteeped therein all night, and taken
put among other purges, as Shall befthought Seeprenie nt, -cleanfings the

i ome Gdes ; ‘< and alfo i it ftayeth fpitting of blood. T he sates taken

and alittle Venice turpentine, cleanfeth the reins, and ftrength-

fectual to ftay the running of thereins. It is alfo given for.

= n the head, for thofe that are troubled with ne
: he

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: > 327

helpeth the gout andthe cramp. The powder of rhubarb, taken with a little mum-
mia and madder- roots, in fome red wine, diffolveth clotted blood in the body, happen-
ing by any fall or beuite, and healeth barftings'and broken parts as ‘well inward as
outward ; the oil; likewife, wherein it hath been boiled, worketh the like effeéts’; it
is ufed to heal thofe ulcers that happen in the eyes and eye-lids, being fteeped and
{trained ; as alfo to.affuage fwellings and inflammations 3 and, applied with honey,
or boiled in wine, it taketh away all black and blue fpots or marks. Whey or white
wine are the beft liquors to fteep it in, and thereby it worketh more effectually i in
opening obftrudtions, and purging: the ftomach and liver,

Wel MEADOW R U E?. je

er chia: MEADOW RUE rifeth up with a yellow ftringy root, much
{preading in the ground, and hooting forth new: fprouts round about, with many
herby green ftalks, two feet high, crefted, fet with joints here and there, and many
large leaves on them below, being divided into {mailer leaves, nicked or dented in
the fore part, of a fad green colour on the upper fide, and pale green underneath.
Toward the top of the ftalk there fhooteth forth divers fhort branches, ‘on every one
whereof there ftand two, three, or four, finall round heads or. buttons, whichibreak-
ing, the fkin thatinclofeth them fhows forth atuft of pale greenifh-yellow threads ;
which falling away, there come in their plates {mall three-cornered cods, wherein is
contained final], long, and round, feed. The plant hath a ftrong unpleafant fmell.

~Puace. It groweth in many apse in England, in the poate of miollttneadtows,

and by ditch fides:
Time. It foweréth about July, ot the beginning of incite

Government anp Virtues. Diofcorides faith, that this herb, braifed 4 and ap-
plied, perfectly healeth old fores: and the diftilled water of the herb and flowers doth
the like. It is ufed by fome, among other pot-herbs, toopen the body; but the roots
wathed clean, boiled in ale, and drunk, are more opening than the leaves.’ The root,
boiled in water, and the places of the body moft troubled with vermin or lice wath-
éd therewith, while it is warm, deftroyeth them utterly. In Italy it is ufed againtt
the se and i in ascii seit the eee

¢ “eit ws dui ‘Keke j is fuch friendihip between it i and the fig-tree, tliat it profpereth n no where. fo
well as under that tree, and delighteth to grow in furnny places. It is an enemy to the toad, as being a great
enemy to poifon. | The ancient sii a ih herb HRS SCPE RY ‘ang ae but a

Wwomnaa it fills with Patt? . ae
No. 22. : 4Q GARDEN :

328 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH) PHYSICIAN,

DAP ER RD EN ypu sus

GARDEN RUE. is fo, well known, both by this name and the:name Herbvof
Grace, that I fhall not write any defcription of it, but fhall only thew the virtues of
it as followeth:

Government anv Virtuzs. It is an herb of the Sun, and under Leo. It pro-
voketh urine, being taken either in meat or drink. The feed thereof, taken in wine, /
is an antidote again{t all dangtrous medicines or deadly poifons. The’ leaves taken
either by themfelves, or with figs and walnuts, is called Mithridates’s counter-poifon

~ againtt the plague, and caufeth all venomous things to become harmlefs. Being of-
ten taken in meat or drink, it abateth venery, and deftroyeth the ability to beget
children.» A decoction made thereof, with fome dried dill leaves and flowers, eafeth
all pains, inwardly drunk, and outwardly applied warm to the place grieved. The
fame, being drunk, helpeth the pains both of the cheft and fides, as alfo coughs and
hardnefs of breathing, the inflammations of the lungs, and the tormenting pains of
the {ciatica and of the joints, being anointed or laid to the places, as alfo the fhaking
fits of agues by taking a draught before the fit. Being boiled or infufed in oil, it is
good to help the wind cholic ; it killech and driveth forth the worms of the belly, if it
be drunk after itis boiled in wine tothe half with a little honey. It helpeth the gout
_ Or-pains in the joints of hands, feet, or knees, applied thereunto: and with figs it
helpeth the dropfy, being bathed therewith ; being bruifed, and put into the noftrils,
it ftayeth the bleeding thereof. It taketh away wheals and pimples, if, being bruifed
with afew myrtle leaves, it be made up with wax and applied. It cureth the mor-
phew, and taketh away all forts of warts, if boiled in wine with fome pepper and ni~
_ tre, and the places rubbed therewith; and, with allum and honey, helpeth the dry
feab; or z any tetter or ring-worm. . The juice thereof, warmed in a pomegranate fhell
= Or rind, and dropped into the ears, helpeth the pains of them. The juice of it and
_ fennel, with.a little honey, and the gall of a cock put thereto, helpeth the dimnefs of
ye-fight. An ointment made of the } juice thereof, with oil of rofes, cerufs, and
vinegar, eureth St. Anthony’s fire, and all foul running fores in the heads
tinking, ulcers of other parts. The antidote ufed by. Mithridates.every,
morning fafting to fecure himfelf from any poifon or infection was this : take twenty
leaves beaten together into a mafs with twenty juniper berries} which i is the quantity
RE for revery day. Another clectuary is made thus : take of nitre, peppery
and cummin f ed, ‘of each equal Parts ;, of the leaves of rue, clean picked, as much in

ue other three; beat them well together, and put to it as. much, honey

as will make it up into.an eleéuary 5 (but you mutt firtt fteep your cummin-feed in,

i ; vinegar

AND COMPLETE HERBAL | 329
vinegar twenty-four hours, and then dry i it, or rather toaft it in a hot fire-fhovel, or
in an oven ;) and it is a remedy for the pains or griefs of the cheft or ftomach, of the
fpleen, belly, or fides; -of the liver, by Obftructions ; of the reins and bladder, by
the ftopping of urine, « a

UG FE ROP T URES WIO'R T.

ee eterrox T HAS fpreadeth very many finall branches round about upon
the ground, about a {pan long, divided into many parts, full of {mall j joints fet very
thick together, whereat come forth two very finall leaves of a yellowith green colour,
branches and all, where groweth forth alfo a number of exceeding fmall yellowifh
flowers, fcarce to be difcerned from the ftalks and leaves, which turn into feeds as
{mall as the very duft. The root is very long and fmall, threfting down deep into
the. ground. This hath no fmell nor tafte at firft, but afterward bain a ae Avie.
gent tafte, without any manifeft heat, yet a little bitter and. es 1

,Prace. . It groweth in dry, fandy, rocky, places. » ih ent fOiRAs 3

_ Time. It is freth and green all the fummer.

Government anp Virtues. This herbis under the Jedltaipn of Slee, tae
ture-wort hath not its name in vain, for it is found by experience to cure the’ rup--
ture, not only in children, but alfo in grown perfons, if the difeafe be not too invete-
rate, by taking a drachm of the powder of the dried herb every day in wine, or‘the
deco¢tion made in wine and drunk, or the juice or diftilled water of the-green herb
taken-in the fame manner ; and helpeth all other fluxes either in men or: women ;
vomitings alfo, and the gonorrhea, or running of the reins, being-taken any of the.
ways aforefaid. It doth alfo moft affuredly help thofe that have the ftranguary, or
are troubled with the {tone or gravel. The fame alfo much helpeth all fticches in
the fide, all griping pains in the ftomach or belly, the obftructions of the liver, and .
cureth the yellow jaundice likewife. It killeth alfo the worms in children; being.

_ outwardly applied, it heals wounds, and helps defluxions, of rheum from the head |
tothe eyes, nofe, and teeth, being bruifed green-and bound thereto.- It alfo drieth ,
| upthe moiftur of ftulous ulcers ot any other that are foul aid fpreading.

rf spas RUSHES

sal ALTHO UGH: ame, are many kinds of rathes;-9 yet I fhall confine ayes to
thofe which are beft known, -and moft medicinal, as the bull-rufhes, and other of the |

esa fmooth kinds ; which grow: {o commonly in almoft every place in'Great Bri-

1

: tain, sce

go «=©60CSO CULPEPER’ ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

tain, and are fo generally noted, that it is needlefs to write ae pasrioreg of hem, bad
Briefly then take the virtues of them, as followeth : /

Government anp Virtuss.. The feeds of thefe foft bihihied. fay’ Disieordds | :
and Galen, toafted, and drunk in wine and water, ftay the lafk and the mare’, q
when they come down too abundantly ; but it caufeth head-ach. It likewife p f.
voketh fleep, but muft be given with caution.- Pliny faith, the root, boiled i in a4! ul
ter to the confumption of 0 one third, helpeth the eee ; eae

; a £e gee
f ; ra : : , a7 4 a@ Ax Fs ’
; . = ie ft AR
; ‘ ea 3 59 Ca
. + i a ae is + Poe kd
. | > a os Se bic
: : * tele oe;

- Governmeyt ann Virtuss. RYE is more digefting than wheat. The bread
and the leaven thereof ripeneth and breaketh impofthumes, biles, and other fwellings :
the meal of rye, put between a double cloth, moiftened with a little vinegar, and
_ heated in a pewter difh, and: bound fatto the head while it is hot, doth:much eafe
« the continual pains of the head. Mathiolus faith, that the afhes of rye-ftraw, put

__ into water, and fuffered ere any and ney will heal the sang: the tana a
fi uyece: te! 7 ay

a

: : gd
> “hess kpniges Maes. youn ee * é. % he,
: a i ci Nal
¢ i 2. : i 4 .
F # R a a E + Re 2 ; Seee a ee | “us
" a gic eee ‘ “2. 2, as ee
‘ ‘ am

a sar t ta yard high, mish he Siedc¥ § Solara, anda darge thick leaf at cach of they tite 14
ve “thes reed + at the top it beareth a fpiked tuf -fpread into Me,
is faid to be purplifh,, with the feed ftanding fever ally “on, > inclofed in a hard ¥
r "brown. flraked husk, and an.armat the head of every. one of them; which, being”
hulled, is very white, of the bignefs almoft of wheat-corns. blunt at both ends, ; |
a Names. Rice is called in Latin oriza, and the Italians call it rizo, the eichitie
: LACE AND Tims, This rain originally was brought out of the Eaft Indies,
rein many places it yieldeth twocrops in a year, being the chiefeft corn they live -
and not with them only, but through all ZEthiopia and Africas and |
brought into Syria, Egypt, Italy, &c.. It Helighees to gt
> andi is Tipe about.the middle of autumn, a *
RN ME: yes, It isa folar grain. The phy
chigty: to ftay the lasks and Bluxes of the ftomach and belly, e ¢ f pe i
parched before it be ufed, and pet eats in the milk w

Weld

Voo ddage ;

*

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 33t

property, and is fometimes alfo put into cataplafins that are applied to repel hu-
mours from flowing or falling to the place, and is alfo conveniently applied to wo.
mens breafts, to-ftay inflammations therein.

IG SWEET on AROMATICAL REED.

Kinps anD Namrs, THERE is one fort called calainus arometicus Mathioh, .
Mathiolus’s aromatical reed, a fecond called calamus aromaticus Syrtacus vel Arabicus
fuppofitivus, the fuppofed Syrian or Arabian aromatical reed; andthe third, the true
acorus of Diofcorides, or fweet-fmelling reed, called in Shops calamus aromaticus, and
likewile acorus verus, five calamus officinarum.

Description. 1, Mathiolus’s aromatical reed. This groweth with an upright
tall ftalk, fet full of joints of certain {paces up to the top, (not hollow, but ftuffed
full of a white, fpongeous, pith, of a gummy tafte, fomewhat bitter, and of the big-
nefs of a man’s finger,) and at every one of them a long narrow leaf, of a dark green
colour, {melling very fweet, differing therein from all other kinds of reeds ; on the
tops whereof groweth a bufhy or feather-like panicle, refembling thofe of the com-
mon reed. The root is knobby, with divers heads thereat, whereby it increafeth and

fhooteth forth new heads of leaves, fmelling alfo very fweet, al a little beeline

tafte, and fharp withal.
2. The fuppofed Syrian or Arabian aromatical reed, rifeth up from a thick root

three or four inches long, big at the head and {mall at the bottom, with one ftalk,
fometimes more, two,cubits high, being ftraight, round, fmooth, and eafy to
break into fplinters ; full of joints, and abouta finger’s thicknefs, hollow and fpungy
within, of a whitith yellow colour, the ftalk is divided into other branches, and they
again into other fmaller ones, two ufually fet together at a joint, with two leaves un-
der them likewife, very like unto the leaves of lyfimachia, the willow-herb, or loofe-
ftrife, but lefs, being an inch and an half long; compaffing the ftalk at the bottom, .
with fundry veins running all the length of them; from the joints rife long ftalks,
bearing fundry yellow {mall flowers, made of leaves like alfo unto lyfimachia, with
a {mall pointel in the middle, after which follow {mall, blackith, Jong heads or feed-
veffels, pointed at the end, and having in them fall blackith feed: the ftalk hath
little or no fcent, yet not unpleafant, as Alpinus faith, being bitter, with a Jittle acri-
mony therein; but Bauhinus faith, itis of an aromatical tafte, and very bitter.

3» The fweet-fmelling reed, or calamus officinarum, or acorus verus, hath many flags,
long and narrow fref green leaves, two feet long, or more; yet oftentimes fome-
what brownifh at the bottom, the one rifing or growing out of the fide of the enter,

No. 22, 4R in

37) «= CULPEPER’s ENGLISH) PHYSICIAN,

+n the fame manner that other flags or flower-de-luces grow, which are thin on both
fides, and ridged or thickeft in the middle ; the longeft, for the moft part, ftanding
in the midit, and fome of them as it were curled or plaited towards the ends or tops
of them; fmelling very fweet, as well when they are green and frefh as when they
are dried and kept a long time; which do fo abide in a garden a long gine} as
though it never did nor never would bear flower; the leaves every year drying down’
to the ground, and fhooting out frefh every fpring; but, after three or four, years
abiding in a place, it fhooteth forth a narrow long leaf by itfelf, flat like unto the
other leaves, efpecially from the middle upwards ; but from the bottom to the middle
it is flat, at which place cometh forth one long round head, very feldom two; inform
and bignefs like unto the catkin or aglet of the hafel-nut tree, growing upright, and
of the length and thicknefs of one’s finger, or rather bigger ; fet with feveral fmall
lines or divifions, like unto a green pine-apple ; of a purplifh green colour for the
moft part; out of which bunches fhoot forth {mall pale whitifh flowers, confifting of
four {mall leaves apiece, without fo good a fcent as the leaves, falling quickly away,
and not yielding any feed. The root is thick and long, lying under the furface of
the ground, fhooting forward, and with {mall roots or fuckers, on all fides like unto
the garden valerian, whitifh on the outfide, or greenifh if it lie above the ground, and
more pale or whitifh on the infide, with many joints thereabouts, and whereat it hath
or doth fhoot forth long thick fibres underneath, whereby it taketh ftrong hold in
the ground.
~ Prace anp Time. The firft is faid by Mathiolus, and others, to grow in India,
Syria, and Judaea; the dry ftalks of the fecond are faid to grow at the foot of Mount
Libanus, in Syria, not far from Tripoli, in the wet grounds there; the third in fan-
_ dry moift places in Egypt, and by the lake Gennefareth in Judza, and in divers plas
of Syria and Arabia.

The other calamus of the fhops, or true acorus, groweth in many places of Turkey,
7 = rift grounds, whence the largeft roots, the firmeft, whiteft, and fweeteft, are

é it unto us; it groweth alfo in Ruffia and thereabouts, in great plenty. It is
s found in moift grounds in Yorkfhire, and the northern parts of England.
s. MENT AND Virtues. Thefe reeds are under the dominion of Venus, of 4
€ quality. The calamus of Diofcorides, he faith, hath thefe properties: it
“Urine, and, boiled with grafs-roots and fmallage, it helpeth thofe that
have che cops] it fortifieth the reins, and is good againft the ftranguary, and is
alfo fo price fostaieian have the rupture; the fumes of i F it, taken oe ipo

: | 1 :

4 cae f
tg a le toe ea :

bi Cee eh 2

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 333

bacco-pipe, either by itfelf or with fome dried turpentine, cure a cough ; 5 it is putinto —
baths for womien to fit in, alfo in glifters to eafe pains.

{tis ufed in mollifying oils and plaifters, that ferve to ripen hard impofthumes, as
alfo for the {weet {cent thereof. Galen faith, it being of a temperature moderate, be-
tween heat and cold, and fomewhat aftringent, and having a very little acrimony, it
is profitably ufed amang other things that help the liver and ftomach, doth provoke
urine, is ufed with other things in fomentations for inflammations, and gently to
move the courfes. Diofcorides faith, that the fweet flag is good to provoke urine, if
the decoction thereof be drunk. It helpeth to eafe pains in the fides, liver, and
breaft, as alfo to eafe the griping pains of the cholic and cramp, and is good againft
ruptures; it waftes the fpleen, helps the ftranguary, amd bitings of venomous crea-

‘tures. It is alfo good in baths for women to fit in, for diftempers of the womb.
The juice, dropped into the eyes, drieth rheums therein, and cleareth the fight, tak-
ing away all films that may hurt them.

The root is of much ufe in all antidotes againft poifon or infeCtion; it is a good.
remedy again{t a ftinking breath, to take the root fafting every morning for fome
time together. The hot fumes of the decoction made in water, and taken in at the

~ mouth through a funnel, are good to help thofe that are troubled with a cough. A
drachm of the powder of the roots, with as much cinnamon, taken in a draught of
wormwood wine, is good to comfort and ftrengthen a cold weak ftomach: the de-
coction thereof is good again{ft convulfions or cramps, and for falls and inward
bruifes. An oxymel or fyrup made hereof in this manner is effectual for all cold
fpleens and livers : take of the roots of acorus, one pound ; wafh and pick them clean,
then bruife them, and fteep them for three days in vinegar, after which time let them
be boiled together to the confumption of the one half of the vinegar, which, being
{trained, fet to the fire again, putting thereto as much honey as is fufficient to make
it into afyrup; an ounce of this fyrup in the morning, in a {mall draught of the de-
coétion of the fame roots, is fufficient for a dofe; the whole roots, preferved either
in honey or fugar, are effectual for the fame purpofes ; but the green roots, preferved,
are better than the dried roots, which are firft fteeped and then preferved. It like~
: wife ‘mollifieth hard tumours in any part of the body.

UI SAFFRON. ea hte : a

THE herb needs no Aefcription, it being known generally where it grows.
» Pracey It grows frequently at Walden in Effex, and in Cambridgefhire:) |»

-.GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. Itis an herb of the Sun, and under the Lion, and.

“therefore ftrengthens the heart exceedingly. Let not above ten grains. be given at.
one:

334 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

one time, for, being taken in an immoderate quantity, it may hurt the heart inftead
of helping it. It quickeneth the brain, for the Sun is exalted in Aries, as well as he
hath his houfe in. Leo; it helpeth the confumption of the lungs and difficulty of
breathing: it is an-excellent thing in epidemical difeafes, as peftilence, fmall-pox;
and meafles. It is a notable expulfive medicine, and remedy for the yellow jaundice:
My own opinion is, that hermodattils are nothing elfe but the roots of {affron dried ;
and my reafon is, that the roots of all crocus, both white and yellow, purge flegm as

- hermodaétils do; and, if you dry the roots of any crocus, neither your " es nor your
tafte fhall ipteos them from hermodactils,

Spl SAG E*.

OUR ceataats ‘Ganish fage is fo well known by every inhabitant of this kingdom,
that it needeth no defcription.

Time. It flowereth in or about June, July, and Auguft.

Government anv Virtus. Jupiter claims this, and it ig good for the liver,
and to breed good blood. A decoétion of the leaves and branches of fage, faith
Diofcorides, provoketh urine, bringeth down women’s courfes, helpeth to expel the

_dead child, and caufeth the hair to become black; it ftayeth the bleeding of wounds,
and cleanfeth foul ulcers or fores. Orpheus faith, three fpoonfuls of the juice of
fage taken fafting, with a little honey, doth prefently ftay the fpitting or cafting up
of blood. For them that are in a confumption thefe pills are much commended : take

| of ei gshe and ginger each two drachms ; of the feed of fage, toafted at the fire,

_ powder, put oat fo much juice of fage as pa: make them into a mafs for pits
taking a drachm of them every morning fafting, and fo likewife at night, drinking
< eintle:pure water after them. Mathiolus faith, it is very profitable for all manner of
pains of the head, coming of cold and rheumatic humours, as alfo for pains of the

ae

jo Phen inward or outward, and therefore helpeth the falling-ficknefs, oe

folar herbs, antifc rbutic ate. med ast a .
abfolute f{pecific.

‘AND ‘COMPLETE HERBAL: 386"

with wormwood is good for the bloody flux: Pliny faith, it helpeth the ftinging and
biting of ferpents, killéth worms that breed in the ears and in fores. Sage is of ex-
cellent ufe to help the memory, warming‘and quickening the fenfés, and the conferve
made of the flowers is ufed to the fame purpofe, and alfo forall the former recited dif-
eafes.. The juice of fage drunk with vinegar hath been of good ufe againft the.
plague at all times, Gargles likewife are made with fage, rofemary, honey-fuckles,
and plantane, boiled in wine or water, with fome honey or allum put thereto, to wath
fore mouths and throats. With other hot and comfortable herbs, fage is boiled to
bathe the body and legs in'the fummer-time, efpecially to warm cold joints or finews
troubled with the palfy or cramp, and to comfort or ftrengthen the parts. It is much
commended againft the ftitch or pains in the fide coming of wind, if the place be
fomented warm with the decottion — in wine, and the herb a after a boil-
ing, be laid warm thereto. ”

gw 0005 ACE Soh.

Description. WOOD-SAGE rifeth up with fquare hoary ftalks. two feet.
high at the leaft, with two leaves at every joint, fomewhat like other fage leaves, but
fmaller, fofter, whiter, and rounder, and a little dented about the edges, and fmelling
fomewhat ftronger ; at the tops of the ftalks and branches ftand the flowers ona flen-
der long fpike, turning. themfelves.all one way when they blow, and are of a pale and
whitith colour, {maller than fage, but hooded and gaping like it; the feed is black-
ith and round, four ufually feen ina husk together ; the root is long and ftringy,
with divers fibres thereat ; andi it abideth many years,

Piace. It groweth i in woods, and by wood-fides, as alfo i in divers fields and by-
Janes in Great Britain.

Time. It flowereth in June, vay and Augutt.

GoveRNMENT AND VIRTUES. The herb is under Venus. The decoction of
wood- fage provoketh urine ; ; it alfo provoketh fweat, digefteth humours, and dif-
cuffeth fwellingsand nodes i in the fleth. The decoction of the green herb made with
wine is a fafe and fure remedy for thofe who by falls, bruifes, or blows, doubt fome
vein to be inwardly broken, to difperfe and void the congealed blood, and to confo- _
lidate the vein ; it is alfo good for fuch as are. inwardly or outwardly burften, the
drink ufed inwardly, and the. ‘herb applied outwardly; the fame, ufed in the fame’
manner, is found to be a fure remedy for the palfy. The juice of the herb, or the

powder thereéf dried, is good for moift ulcers and fores in the legs or other parts, - ‘sk Ss

bg ore heal more {peedily. Italfo cureth green wounds,

46 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

S90 SOLOMON: SEAL, OC

- Deserrption. THE: common Solomon’s. feal rifeth up with a round 'ftalk
about half.a.yard- high, bowing or bending down, fet with fingle leaves one above
another, fomewhat large, and like the leaves of the lilly-convalley, or May-lilly, with
an eyeof bluifh upon the green, with fome ribs therein, and more yellowifh under-
neath. - At the foot of every leaf, almoft from the bottom up to the top of the ftalk,
come forth {mall long white-and hollow, pendulous flowers, fomewhat like the
flowers of May-lilly, but ending in five long points, for the moft part two together
at theend.of a Jong footftalk, and fometimes but one, and fometimes alfo two ftalks
with flowers at the foot of a leaf, which are without any fcent.at all, and ftand all on

one fide of the ftalk. After they are pat, come in their places {mall round berries,
green at firft; and blackifh green, tending to bluenefs, when they. are ripe, where-
in lie {mall white hard and ftoney feed. The root is of the thicknefs of one’s finger
or thumb, white and knobbed in fome places, witha flat-circle reprefenting a feal,
whence it took the name, lying along under the furfaceof the earth, and not Aiea
very low, but with many fibres underneath.
*Pracz. ‘Ivis frequent in divers places of Kent, Effex, and other counties.
Time. Ie flowereth about “ah or the beginning g of June ; and the root abideth
and fhooteth anew every year. — | |
~ GovERNMENT AND Virtus. Saturn owns the plant. The root of Solomon’s
feal is found by experience to be available j in wounds, hurts, and outward fores, to
heal and clofe up the lips of thofe that are green, and. to dry up and reftrain the flux
of humours to thofe that are cold: itis good to fay yomitings and bleedings where-
foever, a8 likewife all Sixes in man or woman; dlfo to knit any joint, which by
aweaknefs ufeth to be often out of place, or will not ftay in long when it Js fet 5, alfo
toknit and join broken bones in ‘any part of the body, the. roots being bruifed and
. appli lied to the'place; it hath been found by late experience, | that the decoétion of
¢ TOO in wine, or the bruifed 1 root E put in wing or or othér drink, and after a night's
fitained off, and drunk, ‘hath ‘felieved both man and beaft \ whofe bones
fen broken by any occafion, which is the méft affured refuge of help to peo-
He OF ee countric s that’ they ¢ can have? it is no lefs effectual to help ruptures and
€ ‘ion in wine, Or the powder in*broth or drink, , being inwardly
taken alata ippli

‘haa. d'to the place. ‘The fame is 8 “Avail: iin for eae or
outward’ bruifes, falls, or Blows, ‘both to difpel ‘the congedled blood, ‘and'‘to take

away the pains and the black-and-blue marks that abide after the burt. "Th 1€ a3

alfo, or the diftilled : ne! er OF wie whole cat fed to the Face or other part “Of the
Jett ‘fkin,

‘AND COMPLETE HERBAL. Vie

fkin, cleanfeth it from morphew, freckles, fpots, or marks whatfoever, leaving the
place : freth, fair, and lovely, for which purpofe it is much ufed by the Italian ladies,

and. is the principal ingredient of moft of the cofmetics — wath, advertifed
--by,perfumers at.a high price.

1) eae ae

eayciak iPTION:. ROCK SAMPHIRE groweth with a tender green ftalk, about
half a yard or two feet at the moft, branching forth almoft from the very bottom,
and ftored with fundry thick, and almoft round, fomewhat long, leaves, of a deep
green colour, fometimes. three together, and: fometimes more, on a ftalk, and: are fap-
PY; and of a pleafant, hot, or fpicy, tafte. At the tops of the {talk and branches ftand
umbels of white flowers, and after them come large feed bigger than fennel feed,»yet
fomewhat alike. The root is great, white, and long, continuing many am andi is
of an hot fpicy tafte.

Piacz. It groweth on the rocks that are often moiftened by sie re
- Ting. . It flowereth and feedeth in the end of July and Augutt.

GOVERNMENT AND Virtues. It is an herb of Jupiter, and was a Sakai times
wont to be ufed more than it nowis. Itis a fafe herb, very pleafant both to the tafte
and ftomach, helping digeftion, and i in fome fort opening the obftructions. of the
liver and fpleen, provoking urine, and helping thereby to wafh away the gravel and
ftone.
SA N FG -5g “BE:

; Deserirrion. THE andtnar) fanicle fendeth forth many pdieat round Teaires,

ftanding upon long brownifh ftalks, every one eut or divided into five ot fix parts,

and fome of thofe alfo cut in, fomewhat like the Jeaf of a crow-foot ot dove’s-feet,

finely dented about the edges, {mooth, and of a dark green fhining colour, and

times reddith about the brims, from among which rife up fmall round ¢reen ftalks,

without any joint or leaf thereon, except at the top, where it branches forth into res

: flewers, having a leaf divided into'three of four parts at tha¢ joint with the flowers, «+.

which are fmall and white, farting out of {mall round greénith yellow heads, many

ftanding together in a tuft; in which afterward are the feeds contained, which are

{mall round rough burs, fornewhat: like the’ feeds of clover, and ftiek in the fame man- ik

ner upon any thing that they touch. The root is compoied of many black ftrings ~- a

of fibres fet together at at a a fitte long head, ‘which abideth with the green, lays all &

the ¥ winter. ging 8
~Puacz. ‘Tei is found in many hitowy. de. and. abe places, in England. Fe
Time. Ir flowereth in June, and the feed is ripe shortly after.

Gov E pute

har. .

ge «=490CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Government anv Virturse This is one of Venus’s herbs. ‘It is exceeding
good to heal green wounds, or any ulcers, impofthumes, or bleedings, inwardly. Ic
wonderfully helps thofe that have any tumours in any part of their bodies, for it re-
_ preffeth and diffipateth the humours, if the decoCtion or juice thereof be taken, or
- the powder in drink, and the juice ufed outwardly ; ; for there is not found any herb _
that can give fuch prefent help either to man or bea(t when the difeafe falleth upon”
7 the lungs or throat, and to heal up allthe putrid malignant ulcers i in the mouth,.

_ throat, and privities, by gargling or wafhing with the decoction of the leaves and ~~

soot, made in water, anda little honey put thereto. It helpeth to {tay fluxes of blood
either by the mouth, urine, or ftool, and lasks of the belly, the ulceration of the kid=
neys alfo, and the pains in the bowels, and the gonorrhea or running of the reins,
being boiled in wine or water, and drunk : the fame alfo is no lefs powerful to help
any ruptures or burftings, ufed both inwardly and outwardly ; and it is effectual 1 in
binding any: Sept heating, lai he and healing.

a Ae SARACENS CONSOUND, oz SARACENS WOUND-WORT*. —

Desca Prion. THIS groweth very hig gh, fometimes with brownifh ftalks,
and other times with green and hollow, to a man’s height, having many long and. ;
narrow Sreen leaves {nipped about the edges, fomewhat like thofe of the peach-tree,,
| of willow leaves, but not of fuch a white green colour: the tops of the ftalks are ~
+. furnifhed with many pale yellow ftar-like flowers ftanding in green heads, which,

_ ‘when they are fallen, and the feed ripe, (which i is fomewhat long, {mall, and of a
‘yellowith brown colour, wrapped i in down,) is therewith carried away by the wind.
eS he root is compofed of many ftrings or fibres, fet together at a head, which peri

ss: tiot in winter, though the ftalks dry away. The tafte of this herb is ftrong and une
= -Pleafant, and fo isthe fell, _

_ -Pracz. Jt groweth in moift and wet grounds by the fide of woods, and fometimes.

“ae if the moift places of the fhady groves, as alfo by the water fide. 2
: ? _ Ture. It flowereth gasey about the wie of en and the feed i 2 foon ripe, a

ye seaintt uckcamsiisadiiiet and it isa great ingredient inthe,

Swifs arquebufade-water, Its balfamic and diuretic so a Rae eg ee ee
Author’s Solae, Tiattate i

wine,

a torre ne

Second Sampluire.

Lirst Ji arijehe Pe.

ap gs
tr J

(~~
" ASS <e

Great Sanicle.

” lemimerd avo ry.

4
: hee is, ‘Ly rifrage -
_ Vinter Savory. Savin. Whale Si arifrage. bolden Si arf? aq

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 339

wine, and drunk, it helpeth the indifpofition of the liver, and freeth the gall from

-obftructions, whereby it is good for the yellow jaundice, and for the dropfy in the
beginning of it, for all inward ulcers of the reins, or elfewhere, and inward wounds
and bruifes; and, being fteeped in wine and then diftilled, the water thereof drunk
is of fingular fervice to eafe all Shawings in the ftomach, ar other.pains of the body,
as alfo the pains of the mother; and, being boiled in water, it helpeth continual
agues ; and this faid water, or the fimple water of the herb diftiNed, or the juice or
decoétion, are very effectual to heal any green wound, old fore, or ulcer, cleanfing
them from corruption, and quickly healing them up. It is no lefs effectual for the
ulcers in the mouth or throat, be they never fo foul or {tinking, by wafhing and garg-
ling them therewith. Briefly, whatfoever hath been {aid of bugle or fanicle may be
found herein. :

Sls SAUCE-ALONE, or JACK-BY-THE-HEDGE,

Description. THE lower leaves of this are rounder than thofe that grow
towards the tops of the ftalks, and are fet fingly, one.at a joint, being fomewhat
round and broad, and pointed at the ends, dented alfo about the edges, fomewhat -
refembling nettle leaves for the form, but of a more frefh green colour, and not
tough or pricking: the flowers are very {mall, and white, growing at the tops of
the ftalks one aboye another ; which being paft, there follow fimall and long round
pods, wherein are contained fmall round feeds, fomewhat blackifh. The root is
itringy and thready, perifhing every year after it hath given feed, and raifeth itfelf
again of its own fowing:; The plant, or any part thereof, being bruifed, {melleth of
Garlic, but is much more pleafant, and tafteth fomewhat hot, fharp, and biting, almof
like rocket, : s

-Prace.. It groweth under walls, and by hedge-fides, and pathways in fields in
many places. Jf a ie

Tims. - It fowereth in June, July, and Auguft. ©

Government anv Virtues. Ie isan herb of Mercury. This iseaten by many |
Country people as fauce to their falt fith, and helpeth to digeft the crudities and other
Corrupt humours ingendered thereby 5 it warmeth the ftomach, and caufeth digef-
tion. The juice thereof, boiled with honey, is reckoned to be as good as hedge-muf.
tard for the cough, to cut and expettorate the tough phlegm. The feed, bruifed
and boiled in wine, is a good remedy for the wind cholic, or the ftone, being drunk ~
warm. The leaves alfo or feed boiled are good to be ufed in clifters to eafe' ne pains —
Of the ftone. The green leaves are held to be good to heal ulcers in'the legs.

No. 23, ar : WINTER

340 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Jip WINTER ann SUMMER SAVORY...
- BOTH thefe are fo well known, (being conftant inhabitants in our gardelis;)
that they need no defcription. ¥ Ol 303

~GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. Mercury claims the dominion over this herb. i
isa remedy againft the cholic and iliac paffion: the fummer kind is the “beft.” “They
are both of them hot and dry, efpécially the fummer kind, which is both fharp ‘and
quick in tafte, expelling wind in the ftomach and bowels, and is a prefent help for
the rifing of the mother procured by wind, provoketh urine, and is much commend!
ed for wonien with child to take inwardly, and to fmell often to. It cutteth tough
phlegm in the cheft and lungs, and helpeth to expeCtorate it the more eafily : quicken
eth the dull {pirits in the lethargy, the juice thereof being fnuffed or caft up into the
noftrils. The juice, dropped into the eyes, cleareth a dull fight, if it proceed of thin
cold humours diftilling from the brain. The juice, heated with a little oil of rofes,
and dropped into the ears, eafeth them of the noife and finging in them, and of deaf-
nefs alfo. “Outwardly applied, with four, in manner of a poultice, it giveth eafe to
the feiatica, and members having the palfy, heating and warming them ; and taketh

away their pains.’ It alfo taketh away the pains that comes of ftinging by bees,
wafps, or any venomous reptile, _ Ww

SaaS is RO Ie

TO defcribe a plant fo well known is needlefs, it being almoft in every garden,
and remaining green all the winter.

Government anp Virtuzs. It is under the dominion of Mars, being hot and
dry inthe third degree, and, being of exceeding clean parts, is of a very digefting
quality : if youdry the herb into powder, and mix it with honey, it is an excellent
remedy to. cleanfe old filthy ulcers, and fiftulas; but it hinders them from healing.
The fame is good to break carbuncles and plague fores; it alfo helpeth the king’s
evil, being applied to the place: being fpread upon a piece of leather, and applied
to the na rel, it kills the worms in the belly ; helps {cabs and the itch, running fores,
ci ers, and ringworms ; and, being applied to the place, may happily cure

ores... This.I thought proper to mention, as it may fafely be ufed outward-

ly; but inward] it cannot be taken without manifeft danger, particularly to preg-

DANE WOME OG Mie who are Tubjeh to fogdingy os vai. ss oo alsa

— OG] co MMON WHITE SAXIFRAGE.. “
Dxseription, THIS hath a few {mall reddith kernels, covered with fome’

Akins lying among divers fmall’blackith fibres, which fend forth feveral round, faint,
I or

SS he
Sree Saore

AND COMPLETE HERBAL fs

or yellowifh-green, leaves, gteyifh underneath, lying above the ground unevenly
dented about the edges, and fomewhat hairy, green, ftalks, two or three feet high,

witha few fuch round leaves as grow below, but fmaller, and fomewhat branched at
the top, whereon ftand pretty large white flowers of five leaves each, with fome yel-
low threads in the middle, ftanding in a long-crefted brownifh-green hufk. After
the flowers are paft, there arifeth fometimes a round hard head, forked at the top,
wherein is contained fmall blackih feed ; but ufually they fall away without any feed;
and it isthe kernels or grains of the root which are ufually called the white anne
feed, and fo ufed.
»Priace. ‘It groweth in many parts of Great Britain; in meadows and erally fandy
places : it ufed to grow near Lamb’s Conduit, on the back-fide of Gray’s Inn,
. Timez. _ It flowereth in May, and is then gathered, as wellfor that which is called
the feed as to diftil, for it quickly perifheth down to the ground in hot weather,
GovERNMENT AND Virtuss. Itis very effectual tocleanfe the reins and bladder,
and to diffolve the {tone ingendered in them, and to expel it and the gravel by urine;
to provoke urine alfo, and to help the ftranguary ; for which purpoles the decoction
of the herb or roots in white wine, or the powder of the {mall kernelly root, which
is called the feed, taken in white wine, or in the fame decoGtion made with. white -
wine, is moft ufual. The diftilled water of the whole herb, roots, and flowers, i is
moft commonly taken. It freeth and cleanfeth the ftomach and lungs from thick
and tough phlegm. There are not many better medicines to break the a wy

this, or to.cleanfe the urinary paflages, and cure the ane inal : st

ie BURNET-SAXIFRAGE. “She.

Based iprion. THE greater fort of our Englith wine Siete groweth up
with divers long ftalks of winged-leaves, fet directly oppofite one to another on both
fides, each being fomewhat broad, and a little pointed and dented about the edges,
of a fad green colour. -At the tops of the ftalks ftand umbels of white flowers, after
which comes fmall and blackith feed : the root is long and whitith, abiding long.
Oar leffer bumet-faxifrage b hath much Bnet leaves than the former, and ~_— finally

a8 the former. The umbels of the Howets hewitt sae TY fralt; and
fo is the root, being alfo fomewhat hot to the tafte. ——

‘Puace. Thefe grow in moft meadows in Eagwed, and are to be found ones
edi in the grals fearcely, to be difcerned. caggen eh

Tie.’ T hey flower about July, and the feed is ripe in » Avguit..
GovernMEN?.

342 CULPEPER’s. ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

_ GovERNMENT anp Viarugs. Thefe herbs are both of the Moon,. ‘hele faxi-
: Wesco are as hot as pepper, and Tragus: faith, by his: experience, they are >more
-wholefome. They have the fame properties that the parfleys have; but, in provokes
‘ ing urine, and eafing the wind and cholic, are much more effeCtual. The roots or
= feed, being ufed either in powder, or in decoction, or any other way, help:to break
and void the ftone inthe kidneys, to digeft cold, vifcous, and tough, phlegm inthe
foniach, and.area moft efpecial remedy againft all, kindof venom. -Caftoreumy
being | boiled i in the.diftilled water hereof, is good to be given to thofe that are Bes
troubled with cramps and convulfions. Some make the feed into comfits, (asthey —
do carraway feed,) which is effectual to all the purpofes aforefaid. “The juice of the ~
herb, dropped into the mpoft grievous wounds of the:-head, drieth up'their moifturé
and healeth them quickly, Some women ufe the dittilled water; to take away {pots
or freckles in the face or any parts of the body: and to drink the fame, fweetened
with fugar, for all the purpofes aforefaid.

SCABIOUS.

reehien. THE common field fcabious groweth up with many hairy, foft,
whitifh-green, leaves, fome whereof are but very little if at all jagged on the edges,

_ others very much rent and torn on the fides, and have threads in them, which, upon
the breaking, may be plainly feen; from among which rife up divers hairy green

a Sons ‘three or four feet high, with fuch like hairy green leaves on them, but more

“s _ feeply and finely divided, branched forth a little. “At the tops, whieh are naked and }

~ bare of leaves for a good {pace, ftand round heads of flowers, of a pale bluifhcolour,

fet together in a head, the outermoft whereof are larger than the inward, with many

_ threads alfo i in the middle, fomewhat flat at the top, as the head with {feed is like-
& wife, The root is great, white, and thick, Raid 3 down eee in the ground, and

‘Many years.

- There 2 a oy field fcabious, wget in nv nothing from the former, but

atl

& a “They flower in ie iy | a July, PP, abide Roweing nab Be
in — and the’ feed i8 ripeint! e Mean time. i ‘

—
Ty 7

- —_—

rag Cx

_D <

alt

B urnet Say

;

ws Leepherdr pu mare.

uF
5 aft:
| Ge
\ AA ‘| x \ q |
i 7 P ' Se
: en =| ids me
> Ky | oY yy
a a | | |
ae a ‘ » | ae
2 rf
Ah, ay, /
% a. 7
FPA
tg eS
Creak Scabrows. SJ) heeps Seabrous. 7: hird Seabtorer
. tad < — ae > fy ie ; ;
A

y fe , ¥ % ‘
wf ¥ * 4 { ; '
TS Vf ws
i - F m_— le ;
- ; a yYy i si é.
Wa § P a La
. A as <2 ———
ee | ay, Y
a iti i » ef.
i BAS > u =
: pie | Sa a >
sy fap Bc
a iy, ey aia 4 a r
CRF pie a <A sil |
oles 4g 5 — § f a SY }
Eh 4 eee f : i ie Es ,
- AV} ae Nien ‘ Seip fy N : i
= A — _ = = r =
so di bs» EY art BAIN YN

Lirvst § ef heal JSeruce lree.
t

Second Self heal

> a

Sorrel.

Soap were

Smallage.
v

~

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. > 343

There are many other forts of fcabious, but thofe here defcribed are moft fami-
liar with us ; the virtues both of thefe and the red being much alike, you will take
them as followeth. — : |

GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. Mercury owns the plant. Scabious is very effec-
tual for all forts of coughs, fhortnefs, of breath, and all other difeafes of the breait
and lungs, ripening and digefting cold phlegm and other tough humours, voiding
them by coughing and fpitting. It ripeneth alfo all forts of inward ulcers and im-
pofthumes, the pleurify alfo, if the decoction of the herb, dry or green, be made in
wine, and drunk for fome time together. Four ounces of the clarified juice of fca-
bious, taken in the morning fafting, with a drachm of Mithridate or Venice treacle,
freeth the heart from any infection of peftilence, if after the taking of it the party
perfpire two hours in bed. The green herb, bruifed, and applied to any carbuncle
or fore, is found, by certain experience, to diffolve or break it in three hours fpace.
The fame decoétion alfo, drunk, helpeth pains and ftitches in the fides. The decoc-
tion of the roots, taken for forty days together, or a drachm of the powder of them _
taken at a time in whey, doth (as Mathiolus faith) wonderfully help thofe that are
troubled with running or fpreading fcabs, tetters, or ringworms, even though they
proceed of the venereal difeafe. The juice, or decoction, drunk, helpeth alfo feabs
and breakings out of itch and the like. The juice, made up into an ointment, is
effectual for the fame purpofe. The fame alfo helpeth all inward wounds, by the
drying, cleanfing, and healing, quality therein. A fyrup made of the juice and fu- .
gar is very effeétual to all the purpofes aforefaid, and {0 is the diftilled water of the
herb. and flowers made in due feafon; efpecially to be ufed when the green herb is
not in force to be taken. The decoétion of the herb and roots, outwardly applied,
doth wonderfully help all forts of hard or cold fwellings in any part of the body, and
isas effe€tual for any fhrunk fineworvein. The juice of fcabious made up with the
powder of borax and camphire, cleanfeth the skin of the face or other parts of the »
body, not only from freckles and pimples, but alfo from morphew and leprofy. The
head being wafhed with the fame decoction, it cleanfeth it from dandriff, fcurf, fores,
itches, and the like, being ufed warm. Tents, dipped in the juice or water thereof,
not only heal green wounds, but old fores and ulcers alfo. The herb bruifed, and
applied, doth in fhort time loofen and draw forth any fplinter, broken bone, arrow-
head, or other thing, lying in the flefhe :

— 30 dod Ye pn Boe Se 8 ¥-GRASS. Jdt er.

Description. OUR ordinary Englifh feurvy-grafs hath many ‘thick leaves —

more long than broad, and fometimes longer and narrower, fometimes fmooth on

No, 23. 4U- = Aa

344 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

the edges, and fometimes a little waved ; fometimes plain, fmooth, and pointed,
fometimes a little hollow in the middle, and round pointed, of a fad green, and fome-
times a bluifh colour, every one ftanding by itfelf upon a long foot-ftalk, which is
brownith or greenifh alfo, from among which rife {mall flender ftalks, bearing a few
leaves thereon like the other, but longer’and lefs for the moft part; at the tops
whereof grow many whitifh flowers with yellow threads in the middle, ftanding a-
bout a green head which becometh the feed-veffel. The feed is reddith, tafting
fomewhat hot: the root is compofed of many white ftrings, which ftick deeply i in
the mud, wherein it chiefly delighteth ; yet it will grow in upland and dry grounds ;

and tateth, a little brackifh, or falt, even there, but not fo much as where it hath
falt water to feed upon. 7

Prac. It groweth all along the Thames fide, on the Effex and Kentith fhores,
from Woolwich round about the fea coafts to Dover, Portfmouth, and even to
Brifto], where it is in plenty ; the other, with round leaves, groweth in the marfhes
in Holland in Lincolnhhire, and other places of Lincolnfhire by the fea-fide.

2. Dutch fcurvy-grafs is moft known and frequent in gardens, and hath divers
frefh, green, and almoft round, leaves, rifing from the root, not fo thick as the for-
mer, yet in fome rich ground very large, not dented about the edges, nor hollow in
the middle, every one ftanding ona long foot-ftalk ; from among thefe rife up divers
long. flender. weak ftalks, higher than the former, and with more white flowers,
which turn into fmaller pods, and fmaller brownifh feed, than the former : the root

is white, fmall, and thready: the tafte of this is not falt at all, but hot, aromatical,
and fpicy.

_ Time. It flowerethin April or May, and the feed is ripe foon after. .

_. GoyernMenT anp Virtues. Itis an herb of Jupiter. The Englith feurvy-
3 te is more ufed for its falt tafte, which doth fomewhat open and cleanfe; but the
_ Dutch fcurvy-grafs is of better effect, and chiefly ufed by thofe that have the fcurvy,

- efpec ially. to purge and cleanfe the blood, the liver, and the fpleen, for all which dif-
_eafes it is of fingular good effect, by taking the juice in the fpring every morning
| fafting i inacupofdrink. The decottion is good for the fame purpofe, and the herb,

tunned up in new drink, either by itfelf, or with other things, openeth obftruétions,
evacuateth cold clammy and phlegmatic humours both from the liver and the fpleen,
wafting and confuming both the fwelling and hardnefs thereof, and thereby bringing
to the body a more lively colour: The juice alfo helpeth all foul ulcers and fores in

the mouth, if it be often gargled therewith; and, ufed wigs it cleanfeth the
skin from fpots, marks, or a

regis

‘

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 345

peabutes EM FH EAL.

Names. IT is called prunel, carpenters herb, hook-heal, and fickle-wort.

Description. The common felf-heal is a fmall, low, creeping, herb, having
many {mall roundifh pointed leaves, fomewhat like the leaves of wild mints, of a
dark green colour, without any dents on the edges, from among which rife divers
fmall leaves up to the tops, were ftandbrownith fpiked heads, of many fmall
brownith leaves like {cales and flowers fet together, almoft like the head of caffidony,
which flowers are gaping, and of a bluifh purple, or more pale below, in fome places
{weet, but not fo in others. The root confifts of many ftrings or fibres downward,
and fpreadeth ftrings alfo, whereby it increafeth. The {mall ftalks, with the leaves,
creeping upon the ground, fhoot fortn fibres taking hold of the ground, whereby it
is made a great tuft in a fhort time.

Pracx. It is found in woods and fields every where in this kingdom.

Time: It flowereth in May, and fometimes in April. :

GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. This isan herb of Venus. Itisa fpecial herb
for inward and outward wounds: take it inwardly in fyraps for inward wounds ;
outwardly, in unguents and plafters, for outward, As felf-heal is like bugle in
form, fo alfoin the qualities and virtues, ferving for all the purpofes whereto bugle
is applied, with good fuccefs, either inwardly or outwardly. If it be accompanied
with bugle, fanicle, and other the like wound-herbs, it will bethe more effectual ; and
to wath or inje&t into ulcers, inthe parts outwardly, where there is caufe to reprefs
the heat and fharpnefs of humours flowing to any fore ulcer, inflammation, fwelling,
or the like; or to ftay the flux of blood in any wound or part; this is ufed with
good fuccefs ; as alfo to cleanfe the foulnels of fores, and caufe them more fpeedily
to be healed. It is a good remedy for green wounds, to clofe the lips of them, and
to keep the place from any further inconvenience. The juice thereof, ufed with oil
of rofes, to anoint the temples and forehead, is very effectual to remove the head-ach ;
and the fame, mixed with honey of rofes, cleanfeth and healeth all ulcers in the
mouth and throat, from what caufe foever. : 7 :

.. LT is-fo well known in the places where it grows, that it needeth no defcription:
'Pims, . It flowereth before the end of May, and the fruit isripe in October,
GovernMENT AnD Virtues. Services, when they are mellow, are fit to be.
taken to ftay the fluxes, cowering, and caftings, yet lefs than medlars ; if —

346 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

dried before they be mellow, and kept all the year, they may be ufed in decoction for ,
the faid purpofe, either to drink, or to bathe the parts requiring it ; and are profita-
bly ufed in that manner to ftay the bleeding of wounds. ‘The fervice-tree is under
the dominion of Saturn, and of a cold nature.

WI SHEPHERDS PURSE.

Namzs. IT isalfo called fhepherds {crip, fhepherds pouch, toy-wort, pick-purfe,
and cafe-weed. : |

Description. The root is fmall, white, and perifheth every year. “The leaves
are {mall and long, of a pale green colour, and deeply cut on both fides: amongft
which {pringeth up a ftalk, which is {mall and round, containing {mall leaves upon
it even tothe top. The flowers are white, and very fmall; after which come the
little cafes which hold the feed, which are flat, almoft in the form of a heart.

Pace. They are frequent in Great Britain, commonly by the paths fide.

Time. They flower all the fummer long; nay, fome of them are fo fruitful, that
they flower twice a’year. =

GoveRNMENT AND Virtves, Itis under thedominion of Saturn, and of a cold,
dry, and binding, nature. Itftops all fluxes of blood, either caufed by inward or out-
ward wounds; as alfo fux of the belly, bloody flux, and {pitting of blood ; being
bound to the wrifts and the foles of the feet, it helps the yellow jaundice. The herb,
being made into.a poultice, helps inflammations and St. Anthony’s fire; the juice,
being dropped into the ears, helps pains and noifes therein. .A good ointment may

be made of it for all wounds, efpecially wounds inthe head.

eee ss ear er ae eer res

: THI S alfo is very well known, and therefore I fhall not trouble the reader with

icription thereof. sore :
_ Pace. It groweth naturally in wet and marfhy grounds; but, if it be fown in

Gardens, it there profpereth very well. <
Time. It abideth green all the winter, and feedeth in Auguft.
Government 4nD Virtues. Itis an herb of Mercury. Smallage is hotter,
drier, and much more medicinable, than parfley, for it much more openeth obftruc-
tions of the liver and fpleen, rarefieth thick phlegm, and cleanfeth it andthe blood
withal.. It provoketh'urine, and is good.againit the yellow jaundice. _ It is effectual
againft tertian andquartan agues, if the juice thereof be taken’; but efpecially made
into a fyrup., The juice alfo, put to honey of rofes, and barley-water, is very good
figs? “3 40

~

AND COMPLETE HERBAL 347

to gargle the mouth and throat of thofe that have fores and ulcers in them, and will
- quickly heal them: the fame lotion alfo cleanfeth and healeth all other foul ulcers —
and cancers elfewhere. The feed is efpecially ufed to break and expel wind, to kill
worms, and to help a ftinking breath. The root is effectual to all the purpofes
aforefaid, and is held to be ftronger in operation than the herb, but efpecially to open
obftructions, and to rid away any ague, if the juice thereof or the decoétion be taken
in wine. All the purpofes of this herb are likewife anf{wered by the Solar —_
which imbibes its occult property.

SOPE-WORT, or BRUISE-WORT.

Description. THE root creepeth under ground far and near, with many
joints therein, of a brown colour on the outfide, and yellowifh within, fhooting forth
in divers places many weak round ftalks, full of joints, fet with two leaves a-piece
at every one of them on the contrary fide, which are ribbed fomewhat like that of.
plantane, and fafhioned like the common field white campion leaves, feldom having
any branches from the fides of the ftalks, but fet with divers flowers at the top ftand-
‘ing in long hufks like the wild campions, made of five leaves each, round at the ends,
and alittle dented in the middle, of a pale rofe colour, almoft white, fometimes
deeper, and fometimes paler, of a reafonable good fcent.

Pracez. It groweth wild in low and wet grounds in many par of England by
the brooks and fides of running waters.

Time. It Hemera ufually in July, and fo soaiiekcall ee and pertet
September.

GoveRNMENT AND VIRTUES. Venus owns it. The country people in many
places do ufe to bruife the leaves of fope-wort, and lay it to their fingers, hands, or
legs, when they arecut, to heal them. Some fay it is diuretic, and expels gravel
and ftone in the kidneys, and is alfo good to void hydropical waters, thereby to cure
thedropfy, tympany, or an impoverithed ftate of the blood.

A soRREL Uf.

OUR R ordinary forrel, which groweth in gardens, and alfo wild in the area iS
a well known, that it needeth no defcription. :

Government anp Virtus: It isunder the dominion of Venus. Sorrel is re- eas

valent in all hot difeafes, to cool any inflammation and heat of blood in agues | pelt e “a

lential or -choleric, or other ficknefs and fainting, arifing from heat,-and to refr f a t ce :

overfpent Spirits with the violence of furious or fiery fits of agues, to quench : : rit,
No. 22.5 oa @.° Sar

348 CULPEPER’ ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

and procure an appetite in fainting or decayed ftomachs ; for it refifteth’ the putres
faction of the blood, killeth worms, and is a cordial to the heart, for which the
feed is more effectual, being more drying and binding, and thereby ftayeth the hot
humours inthe bloody flux, orflux of the ftomach. The roots alfo, ina decoétion,

or in powder, are effectual for all the faid purpofes. Both roots and feed; ‘as well as __
the herb, are held powerful to refift the poifon of the {corpion. The decoétion of -
the roots is taken to help the jaundice, and to expel the gravel and ftone. The decoc-
tion of the flowers made with wine, and drunk, helpeth the black jaundice, as alfo
the inward ulcers of the body or bowels. A fyrup made with the juice of forreland
fumitory is a fovereign help to kill thofe fharp humours that caufe the itch. The
juice thereof with a little vinegar may be ufed outwardly for the fame caufe, and-is
alfo profitable for tetters, ringworms, &c. It helpeth alfo to difcufs the kernels in
the throat; and thejuice, gargled in the mouth, helpeth the fores therein. The
leaves wrapped up ina colewort leaf, and roafted under'the embers, and applied to
a hard impofthume, botch, bile, or plague-fore, both ripen and break it. The diftile
led water of the herb is of much good ufe for all the purpofes aforefaid 5 and the ~
Keaves eatenin a fallad are excellent for the gt

EO WOOD-SORREL, ds a ene

sf spacings THIS groweth low upon the. Reni g having a number of
leaves coming from the root, made of three leaves like trefoil, but broad at the ends,
and cut in the middle, of a faint yellowifh green. colour, every. one ftanding on a

~ long. foorftalk, which at their firtt coming up are clofe folded together to.the ftalk 5
‘but, opening afterwards, are of a fine four relifh, and yield.a juice which will turn
= “tl itis clarified, and maketh a moft dainty clear fyrup.. Among thefe leaves.

i bing, of five fmall pointed leaves, PES of a white colour i in-moft p aces ;

“a om : ‘dathed over with a fmall thew of a bluifh on the back fide only. After
ep an patt, follow finall round heads, with {mall yellowifh feed in them.

ots are nothi igi fmall sings faftened to the end of g finall long piece, al

pity

| Tims. It PE in ees and May. die ceed seeas ij
GoveRNMENT AND. 28. Venus owns it. ‘Wood- forrel ein ‘the |
purpofes that the other fears sid is more effeétual i in hindering the putrefaction

of blood, and ulcers in the mouth | and body, and in cooling and tempering ee,
an

AND: COMPLETE HERBAL: 349

; o
and.inflammations, to quench thirft, to ftrengthen a weak ftomach, to pracure an
appetite, to {tay vomiting, and is very excellent in any contagious ficknefs, or pefti-
lential fever. The fyrup made of the juice is effectual in all. the cafes aforefaid, and
fo.is the diftilled water of the herb. Spunges or linen cloths wet in the juice, and
applied outwardly to any hot fwellings or inflammations, do much. cool and help
them. The fame juice taken, and gargled in the mouth, for fome time, and fre-

quently repeated, doth wonderfully help a ftinking canker or ulcers therein, Itis |

of fingular fervice for wounds in any part of the body, to ftay the bleeding, and to
cleanfe.and heal the wounds; and helpeth to ftay any hot defluxions into the nes.
or lungs, and cleanfeth the vifcera.

SO We THISTLES.

: SOW-THISTLES grow in every part of this Kingdom, and are fo well ae

that they need no defcription. — :
o(Puace. ‘They grow in our gardens and manured grounds, and fometimes bi oi

. Falls: the path-fides of fields and highways.

GovERNMENT AND Virtues. This and the former are ote the influerice of
Venus. Sow-thiftles are cooling, and fomewhat binding, and are very fit to cool an

. ot | ftomach, and to eafe the gnawing pains thereof. The herb, boiled in wine, is

— by.ai

very helpful to ftay the diffolution of the ftomach ; and the milk that is taken frora
the ftalks when they are broken, given in drink, is beneficial to thofe that are fhort ©
winded. Pliny faith, that it hath caufed the gravel and ftone to be voided by urine,

and that the eating thereof helpeth a ftinking breath. The faid juice, taken in warm

drink, helpeth the ftranguary. “The decoétion of the leaves and ftalks caufeth abun-
dance of milk in nurfes, and their children to be well coloured, and is good for thofe
whofe milk doth curdle in their breafts. The juice boiled or thoroughly heated
with a little oil of bitter almonds in the peel of a pomegranate, and dropped into the
ears, is a fure remedy for deafnefs, fingings, and all other difeafes, “in them. The
herb bruifed, or the juice, is profitably applied to all hot inflammations in the eyes,
or wherefoever elfe, and for wheals, blifters, or other the like eruptions, or heat, i in ~
the fkin Ap. for the. heat and itching of the hemorrhoids, and the heat and fharp-
‘nefs of hur the fecret parts ‘of manor woman. The diftilled water of the :
herb is not aie effeetual for all the difeafes aforefaid, to be taken inwardly with eet
ttle: fagar,, (which. medicine. the daintieft ftomach will not refufe,) but outwardly, —

ying. cloths or -fpunges wetted therein, It is good | for women iia

‘figs oe Dey to clear ‘thes : kin, and tc 10 § give a luftre thereto.. ‘The virtue. “sd = E

35 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

plant lies in its milky juice, which is of great value in difficulty of hearing. This

often arifes from obftructing wax, often from inflammation, and fometimes from

both thefe caufes conjoined, -

/

MG SOUTHERNWOOD.

SOUTHERN WOOD is fo well known to be an ordinary inhabitant i in,

almoft all gardens, that it needeth no defcription. -
Time. It flowereth for the moft part in July and Auguft.

GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. It isa Mercurial plant, worthy of more wines o
than it hath. Diofcorides faith, that the feed bruifed, heated in warm water and —

drunk, helpeth thofe that are troubled with the cramps, or convulfions of the finews,
the fciatica, or difficulty in making water. The fame taken in wine is an antidote,
or counter-poifon, and driveth away ferpents and.other venomous creatures ; as alfo
the fmell of the herb, being burnt, doth the fame. The oil thereof, anointed on the
back-bone:before the fits of agues come, preventeth them; it taketh away inflam-

mations in the eyes, if it be put with fome part of a roafted quince, and boiled with —

a few crumbs of bread and-applied. Boiled with barley-meal, it taketh away pim-

ples, puthes, or wheals, that rife in the face or other part of the body. The feed as

_ well as the dried herb is often given to kill worms in children.. The herb bruifed a ie
_ helpeth to draw forth fplinters and thorns out of the feth. The afhes thereof dry
_ up and heal eld ulcers that are without inflammation, although by the fharpnefs 7
_ thereof it makes them fmart. The afhes, mingled with old fallad oil, help thofe

that have their hair fallen, and are bald, caufing the hair to crow again either on
the head or beard. Durantes faith, that the oil made of fouthernwood, and put

x : likewife killeth lice in the head. The diftilled water of the herb is faid to help them

muc shat are troubled with the ftone, as alfo for the difeafes of the fpleen and mo- —

the r e \hhe Germans commend it for a fingular wound-herb, and therefore call it
: AD: Wort: - ‘tis held by all writers, ancient and modern, to be more. offenfive to the
mac oe aes which has thrown it into difrepute. ;

‘Splservoweu ho

‘ Bacernan THE roots of common fpignel do fpread much and ep in

the ground, many ftrings or branches growing from one head, which is hairy at ae” |
he of a blackifh brown colour on the outfide, and white within, of a pleafant fmell zs

cet aromatic tafte, whence rife fundry long ftalks of fine cut leaves like hairs, fmaller
I than

among the ointments that are ufed againft the French difeafe, is very effectual, and

Creat Southernwood ue ita.

—7

—
— a ~
_ —

en

[mall Snleenwort. Star Dhistte.

Souther nWwO00

AMhile Southesite :

XY! wy

4
A
qj
N
’ al i. < >
‘ y
\ if f

/. Snignel. Large Siggtwort.

SPrawber?tts. Ste cory :

AND COMPLETE HERBAL: 95

than dill, fet thick on both fides of the ftalks; and of a good fcent.. Among thefe:
leaves rife-up round ftiff ftalks, with'a few joints and leaves,’and at the tops an
umbel of fine pure white flowers, at the edges whereof fometimes will be feen a fhew:
of reddifh bluth colour, efpecially before they'be full-blown, and are fucceeded by:
finall fomewhat-round feed, bigger than the ordinary fennel, and of a browner co-
lour, divided into two parts, and crefted on the back, as moft of the umbelliferous:
feeds are. ;

Piace. It groweth wild in Lancafhire, Yorkfhire, and other Northern coun-
ties; and is alfo planted in gardens.,

\GovERNMENT AND Virtuss, Itisanherb of Venus. Galen, faith, the roots of
{pignel are available to provoke urine; but, if too much thereof be taken, it cauf-
ethheadach. The roots boiled in wine or water, and drunk, help the ftranguary |
and {toppings of the urine, the wind, fwellings and pains in the ftomach, and all
joint-achs. If the powder of the roots be mixed with honey, and the fame taken,
as a licking medicine, it breaketh tough phlegm, and drieth up therheum that falleth.
onthe lungs. The roots are accounted very effectual againtt the ftinging or biting
of any venomous creature, and is one of the imgredients in mithridate and other

antidotes for the {ames

Cb/ SPLEEN WORT, orm CETRACH:
Description. THE fmooth fpleenwort, from a black, thready, ‘and buthy,
root, fendeth forth many long fingle leaves, cut in, on both fides i into round dents,.
almoft to the middle, which is not fo hard as that of f pollipody,. each divifion being
not always fet oppofite unto the other, but between each, fmooth, and. of a light
green on the upper fide, and a dark yellowifh roughnefs on the back, ‘folding or

rolling itfelf inward at the firft: Springing up.
Prace. It gtoweth as well upon ftone-walls as moift, and fhadowy places about

Briftol and other‘ ‘the Welt parts: plentifully; as alfo on Framingham caftle, on »
Beckonsfield church in Berkfhire, at Strowd in ‘Kent, and elfewhere, and abideth
green all the winter. . mcnes 5a

GovERNMENT AND ie a os Be oad It ‘. gcherally afed againft in-
firmities of the fpleen; it helpeth the ftranguary, and wafteth the ftone in the blad-
der, and-is good?againft the yellow jaundice and the hiccough; but the ufe of ir
in women hindereth conception, Mathiolus faith, that, ifa drachm of the duft,
that is oh the back fide of the leaves, be mixed: with half a drachm of amber~
in powder, and'taken with’the juice’of purflane or/plantane, it will help therun-

“No. 24, 3 Me & ning

352 CULPEPER?s: ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

ning of the reins ;_ and that the herb or root, being boiled and taken, helpeth all.
melancholic difeafes and thofe-efpecially that arife from the French difeafe... Came-
rarius faith, that the diftilled water thereof, being drunk, is very effectual againft
the ftone ; and that the lye, made of the afhes thereof, being drunk for fome time
together, helpeth fj plenetic perfons,; it is ufed in outward remedies for the fame

‘purpofe.
8 ON §$ T.AR-T HAST, LE,

Description. A COMMON ftar-thiftle hath divers long and ‘narrow leaves:
lying next the ground, cutor toth onthe edges, fomewhat deeply, into many al-
mofteven parts, foft or alittle woolly allover the green, among which rife up
divérs weak ftalks parted into many branches, all lying or leaning’ down to the
ground, tharit feemeth a pretty buth, fet with many divided léaves upto the tops,
whefe feverally ftand tong and fmall whitifh ‘green heads, fet with fharp and
long white pricks, (no part of the plant’ being‘elfe prickly,) which’ are fomewhat
yellowifh: outof the middle whereof rifeth the flower’ comipofed ‘of fmany {mall
reddifh purple threads ; ‘arid'in the heads, after ‘the flowers are paft, come fihall
whitifh round feed, lying in down as the others do. The root’ is fmall, tong, and
woody, perifhing every year, and rifing again of its own fowing.

Puacz. It groweth wild in the fields about London in many places. .” ee

‘Time. Tt flowereth early, and feedeth in July, and fometimes i in Aug oft (

“Govern MEnt AND Virtues. This, like almoft all thiftles, is unc “Mats.
The feed'of this ftar-thiftle made into powder, “and drunk in wine, provoketh
‘ virine, and helpeth to’break the ftone, and expel it.. The root in powder, given in
wine, -i8 good againft the plague, or peftilence, and, drunk in the morning fafting.
for fome time togetherpn’ very profitable for a. fiftula in any part of the body.
Baptifta Sardus doth much commend the diftilled water, to help the French dif.
eale, to open obftru€tions of the liver, and cleanfe sient don corrapted ey
A ‘burs and ie ae" is iSonic ee agiinks quotidian or tertian ages.

in wontiih vib sie firsts?

1G Ti

eee

v

AND COMPLETE HERBAIL! 355
hot choleric ftomach ; to refreth and comfort the fainting fpifits, and to quenck”
thirft. They are good alfo for other inflammations, yet it is not amifs to reffain
from them in a fever, left by their putrifying in the: ftomach they ihcreafe thé fits:
The leaves and roots boiled in wine or water, and drunk, do likewife cool the liver’
and blood, and affuage all inflammations in the reins and bladder, provoke urine, and
allay the heat and fharpnefs thereof: the fame’ alfo, being drunk, fay ‘the
bloody flux, and help the fwellings of the fpleen. ‘The water of the berries, care-
fully diftilled, is a fovereign remedy and cordial in the pacification of the heart and
is good for the yellow jaundice, The juice, dropped into foul ulcers, or the decoc-
_ tion of the herb and root, doth. wonderfully cleanfe and help to cure them. Lotions.
and gargles for fore mouths, or uleers therein, or elfewhere, are made with the leaves
and roots, which are alfo good to faften loofe teeth, and to heal {pungy foul gums...
It helpeth.alfo to ftay catarrhs or deAuxions of rhetim'into the mouth, throat, teeth,
or.eyes. The j juice, or water, is good for hot and red inflamed eyes ; it is alfo-of ex-
cellent property for all puthes,. wheals, and other breakings forth of hot and fharp:
humours, i in the face and hands, or, other patts of the body,.to bathe them theréwith 5
and to.take away any rednefs in the face, or fpots or ether deformities in. the fkin,.
and to make it clear and fmooth. Some ufe this medicine: take fo many ftraw-
berries as you fhall think fitting, and put them into a diftillatory, or body of gla;
fit for them; which being well clofed, fet it ina bed of horfe-dang for twelve or
fourteen days, and afterwards diftibi it carefully,, and keep it for your ufe. It is an
excellent water for hot inflamed eyes, and. to take away any film or fin that: begin-

neth to grow ¢ over them, and. for hartussve cine pent Atrepete <#3y
outward medicine, es stetdeah Leak ae? Caced

“Reesor jae

pe aoe TH E. garden: fuccory hath: longer and: narrower ter than
endive, and more cut in and torn at the edges, and the:root abideth.many years ; it
‘beareth alfo many blue flowers like endive, and the feed:is hardly diftinguifhable
from the feed of the fmooth or ordinary endive: 7°94 7

~GovERwMENT AND. Virtues: Shor n herb of Jupiter. “Garden faccory, asi it is:
moreidty and left'cold ehatiienive, ‘fo it openéth more. A the leav.
Or roots boiled it in vnc oF wate, vit be drunk steed sth:

v4 th ears

35+ CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

evil diet, &c. which the Greeks call xayshie cachexia. A decoction thereof made
with wine, and drunk, is very effectual againft long lingering agues’; and a drachm |
of the feed i in. powder drunk, in wine: before the fit of an ague, helpeth ‘to drive it 3
away. The diftilled water of the herb and flowers (if you can take them) in time)

is good for hot ftomachs, and in agues, either peftilential or‘of long continuance, for
{woonings, and the paffions of the heart, for the heat and head-ach in children, and
for the diforders of the blood and liver. The faid water, or the juice,or the bruifed’ |
leaves, applied outwardly, allayeth {wellings, inflammations, St. Anthony’s fire,
puthes, wheals, and pimples, efpecially ufed with a little vinegar, as alfo to wath pel

-tiferous fores. The faid water is very effectual for fore-eyes that are inflamed: with LA

rednefs, and for nurfes. breafts that are iepeines by abundance of milk.

Db STONE. CROP, ox “SMALL Hated LEEK. ~~

Description. IT groweth with divers trailing branches upon the ground, fet a
with many thick, fat, roundifh, whitifh, leaves, pointed at the ends; the flowers
ftand many of them together, fogeehat loofely ; adite roots are {mall, and run creep- 1
ing under the ground, _

Pace. It groweth upon the {tone walls, and mud wt upon the tiles of hous
and penthoufes, and amongft rubbith, and in other gravelly places.

Time. It flowereth in June and July, and the leaves z are green all the winter.

GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. It is under the dominion of the Moon, cold in
quality, and fomething binding, and therefore’ ery good to ftay defluxions, efpe-
cially { fuch as fall upon the eyes; it ftops bleeding "both: inward and outward, helps
cankers and all fretting fores and ulcers ; it abates the heat of choler, thereby pre-
venting difeafes thence arifing from choleric humours, It expels poifon, refifteth
peitilential fevers, and is exceeding good alfo for tertian agues. It is fo harmlefsan
herb, you can {carce ufe it amifs. Being bruifed and applied to the place, it helps
REPS tere pectany other, knots, or kernels, in tamer as alfo agtle

MW sansaraniria 7 oe,
con me the forts of prickly bindsietls, of which shemeie

Yer.

P ng feverally follow. ae
ik bindweed with red tei called in Latin neers :

ought from the Myst. Indies makes the third Mad: whe

Great Stone crop. Wall Stone crop.
; —~ |
: 4
‘ {SS — —~ .
\ Vebestan Sena. Sycamore Tree.

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 3 355

‘the whole length binding this way and that in a feemly proportion, at évery joint it
boweth or bendeth itfelf, having a fomewhat broad and long leaf thereat, ftanding
upon a long foot-ftalk, and is broad at the bottom, with two forked round énds,
and then groweth narrower unto the point; the middle rib on the backfide of moft
of them having many {mall thorns or pricks, and alfo about the edges ; the loweft
being the largeft, and growing {maller up to the top, {mooth and of a fair green coz
lour, and fometimes {potted with white fpots. At the joints with the leaves alfe
come forth tendrils, like a vine, whereby it winds itfelf ; the flowers ftand at the
_tops of the branches at three or four joints, many breaking forth into a clufter, which
are white, compofed of fix leaves each, ftar-fafhion, and {weet in-feent, after which
come the fruit, which are red berries when they are ripe, of the bignefs of afparagus-
berries or fmall grapes ; and in fome lefs,. wherein are contained fometimes two or
three hard black ftones, like thofe of afparagus. The root is flender, white, and
tong, in hard dry grounds not fpreading far, but in the loofer and moifter places
running down into the ground a pretty way, with divers knots and joints.

- 2. Prickly bindweed with black-berries,. finilax afpera frufie nigro. This other
prickly bindweed groweth like the former, : the branches being jointed in-like mané
ner with thorns on them, but not climbing like the former 5 the leaves are fomewhat
like it, not having thofe forked ends at the bottom of every leaf, but almoft wholly
round, and broad at the bottom, of a darker green colour alfo, feldom having any
thorns or pricks, either on the back or edges of the leaves, with tendrils like a vine
alfo: the flowers come forth in the fame manner, and’are ftar-fafhion, confifting of
fix leaves like the other, of an incarnate or blufh colour, with a'round red umbone
in the middle of every one, which is the beginning of the berry, which when it is ripe
will be black, being more fappy: or flefhy than the other, with ftones or kernels with-
in them like unto it: the roots hereof are bigcer-and’fuller than the former for the
moft part, and fpread further under the ground.

- . Sarfaparilla of America, fmilax afpera Peruviana, The farfaparilla that cometh
from America into Spain hath been feen frefh, even the whole plant, and hatlr been
verified in all'thingsto refemble the prickly bindweed, and in nothing different from
it. But certainly the plant of farfaparilla that growéth in Peru and the Weft In-
dies is a peculiar kind of itfelf, differing from the /milax afpera’ as mechoacan doth

from our briony: this doth wind itflf about poles or any thing elfe it can lay hold

on to climb on the branches have crooked prickles growing on them as the fuilas

afpera hath, but fewer and not fo fharp; it hath very green leaves like thofe of bind: |

weed, but longer, and cornered like ivy-leaves, ending in a long point : the flowers
are faid to be very great and white, every one as big as a middle-fized difh, which,
No, 24. 4Z opening

go CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

opening in the morning, fadeth at night; which occafioned the Spaniards to call the
whole plant buenas noches, that is, good night. Gerrard defcribes the farfaparilla'to
be the roots of a fhrub, having leaves like ivy; but faith nothing of the flowers oF
fruit, which it may be believed were not then difcovered.

‘Prace anp Time. The two firft grow in Italy, Spain, and other warm countries,
whether continent or ifles, throughout Europe and Afia. The third is found only
in the Weit Indies; the belt is faid to come from the Honduras, others not fo good
from other places, as the fertility or Barrennefs of the ground, and the temperature
of the climate, “afford i it; and it hath ripe | berries early in hot countries. se

GovreRNMENT anp Virturs. © Thefe are all plants of Mars, of an healing quali-
ty, howfoever ufed ; Diofcorides faith, that both leaves and berries, being drunk be-
fore or after any deadly poifon is taken, are a remedy there-againtt, ferving to expel
it. . In is faid alfo, that, if toa new-born child fome of the juree of the berries hereof
be given, it fhall not be hurt by poifon ever after; it is given as an antidote againit
all forts of poifon and venomaus things: if twelve or fixteen of the berries, being
beaten to powder, be given in wine, it procureth urine, when it is {topped ; the dif-
tilled water of the flowers, being drunk, worketh the fame effect, and cleanfeth the

reins, and affuageth inward inflammations. If theeyes be wathed therewith, it taketh
‘away all heat and rednefs in them ; and, if the fores of the legs be wathed therewith,
it healeth them thoroughly. The true farfaparilla i is held generally not to heat, but

rather to dry, the humours yet it is eafily perceived, that it doth not only dry the
humours, but wafteth them away, by a fecret ancl hidden property therein ; much

| whereof i is performed by {weatirg, which it promateth very effectually, Iris much
uted j in many kinds of difeafes ;. as, in all cold Auxes fromthe head and brain, rheums,
and Catarths, as alfo i in all cold griefs of the ftomach, and expelleth wind very power-

fully. Tt helpeth not only the French difeafe, but all manner of achs in the finews |
: or, or joints ; ‘all running fores in the legs, all phlegmatic {wellings, tetters, or ringworms,
een manner © of {pots, and foulnefs of the fkin : # is not proper to be given to thofe

N ip Se are over hot, or to fuch as have agues. In former times, it was uled
e to powder, and fo drunk ; others ufed to boil it until i it became tender, wich,

Fs : or broken, was afterwards ftrained into the decoétion, making a kind
co} chick drink like cream. Some others, and that moft uf ually, boilisd it in water, 0

the half, or the confumption of the third part, as they would have it f{ ronger or weak-
er, and that either by itfelf or with other things proper for the difea, fe it was is intend
ed for; and others alfo put it amongst other things for drink,
An excellent ‘diet-drink may. be made.as follows :. take. aca: vite, ge is
guaiacum, nine ounces; bark of the fame, two ounces, faffafras one ounce, farlaps-
2 rilla

AND COMPLETE HERBAL 357°
riia four ounces, juniper-berries one ounce; boil them in two ounces-of fountain-.
water, to the confumption of half, add. to the ftrained liquor coriander-feeds four

drachms, cinnamon, liquorice, each two drachms,._ This may, be taken as an ordina-
ry drink for all the difeafes before-mentioned.. :

*

‘Soy S200 DERBY 28 ios
akon AND Dascharhioss _1N our fhops, for Shitical he, we han three forts
of faunders,. whereof the white and yellow are {weet woods, but the yellow is the.
fweete(t ; the red-hath nofcent. The faunders-tree groweth to be as big as a wal-
nut-tree, having frefh green leaves like the maftic-tree,. and darkifh blue flowers,
the fruit being like cherries for the fize, but without any tafte; black when they
are ripe, and guickly falling. away. The,wood isfeli is without {cent, as it.is faid,
while it is living and frefh, and fmelleth {weet only when it is dry. The white and:
the yellow woods are fo. hard to be diftinguithed. before that time, that none but thofe
Jodians that vfually. fell. thofe trees do know their difference before-hand ; and can
tell which will prove better than others : the chiefeft part, and fmelling fweeteft, is
the heart of the wood. . PDS are diftinguifhed by, thefe names, fantalum. album Gitri-
Hidith, et rurrum,

GovERNMENT AND Vice “All the faunders are under the folar regimen, 2 ify
are cooling and cordial, and ufed together in fundry cordial medicines ; but the
white and the yellow are the more cordial and comfortable, by reajon of their fweet.
nels ; and the red more cooling and binding ;. which quality neither of the other are
without, though ina lefs proportion. The red is often ‘uled to fay thin rheum falling
from the head, and to cool hot inflammations, hot gouts, andi in hot agues to cool and
temper the heat; but the white and yellow are both cordial and cephalic, applied
with rofe-water to the temples, pracuring éafe in the head-ach, and are fing gular good
for weak and fainting ftomachs through heat, and in the hot fits of agues. They are
very profitably applied i in fomentations for the ftomach, fpirits, i and palpitations. of
the heart, which alfo do comfort and ftrengthen them, and temperate the melancholy 3
humour, and procure alacrity and mirth, which quality i is s attributed to. the yellow.

more than the white, sti

358 CULPEPER’ ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

die thereof and many fibres thereat, from whence arife many long, round, green,
branches, winding themfelves like a bindweed about ftakes and trees, or any other
thing,that ftands next it, unto a good height, without any cla{ping tendrils, like the’
true or wild-vine: from the joints of the branches come forth the leaves, every one
by itfelf upon fhort footftalks, fomewhat broad at the bottom, with two corners next
thereto, and fome alfo round , and then growing long and narrow to the end, be-
ing of a fair green colour, and {mocth, fomewhat fhining. Towards the tops of the
branches, at the joints with the leaves, come forth large whitith bell-flowers, with
wide epen brims, and narrow bottoms, after which come round heads, wherein is con-
4ained three or four black feeds ; if any part of this plant be broken, it yieldeth forth
a milk, not hot, nor burning, nor bitter, yet fomewhat up pleafant, provoking loath-
ing, and almoft cafting. tine

Names. It ts.called fcammoaia both in Greek and Latin. The dried juice, which

is moft in ufe, is called alto fcannmoniacum in the drugegifts and apothecaries fhops,
as alfo with moft writers, and fome call the plant fo too. When it is prepared, that
is, baked in a quince under the embers, or in an oven, or any other way, it is called
diagridium,

Piace anp Time. Scammony groweth in Syria, and the farther eaftern parts,
where no frofts come in the winter; for where any froft comes it quickly perifheth,
confequently it flourithes in hot climates only.

GovernMENT AND Virtugs. This isa martial plant, and of a churlifh nature,
fo that there had need be reat care taken in the choice thereof, that only that be
ufed in phyfic which is pure and without adulteration ; which may be known if it
de not heavy, or clofe compact together, but that it be moderately light, with fome
fmall holes, or hollownefs, here and there, therein 3 and that it be fmooth and plain
in the breaking, and not in grains or knots, or having fimall fticks or ftones in it;
fomewhat clear and blackifh, but not of a deadith dark or jll-favoured colour, and
_ thatit may be made quickly into a very fine and white powder. It purgeth both

¥ h le Z mn, yellow choler, and watery humours, very ftrongly ; but, if ir be indifcreetly
Siven, it will not only trouble the ftomach more than any other medicine, but will
alfo four the guts, in working too powerfully, oftentimes unto blood, and often-
times unto faintings and {woonings, and therefore is not fit to be given to any gen
tle or tender body. Méefue declareth three feveral hurts or dangers that come to
the body thereby, and the remedies of them; the firtt is, faith hhe, that it ingendereth
Certain Snawing winds in the ftomach, fo much offending it, that it provoketh to
vomit. To be baked thereforein quince, and fome parfley, fennel, or sae

AND COMPLETE HERBAL; 359

feed, or galanga, mixed with it, is the remedy hereof. The next is, that it infameth
the {pirits, by the overmuch fharpnefs or fiercenefs therein ; whereby i it readily in-
duceth fevers, efpecially in thofe that are fubje& to obftru&tions, and replete with
putrid humouts ; which inconveniences are taken | away by putting thofe things
into your eae that do cool and quench the heat thereof; and fuch are the
mucilage of the feeds of pfyllium, or fleawort; prunes ‘boiled, or rather the pulp of
them, the juice, or thejulep, or the water, of rofes or violets, or if before the boiling
thereof (that is the fcammony) you fteep it in the oil of rofes, or violets, or in the
juice of a quince, and mingle it with a little fhumac or fpodium. A third is, that,
having a {trong opening and drawing faculty, it caufeth immoderate fluxes of the
belly, by opening the mouth of the veins more than is fit: this harm is alfo taken
away by mixing reftringent and reltraining things with it, fuch as maftic, and ef.
pecially yellow, myrobolans, and quinces, or the juice of them. Again, it rafeth
thé intrails and guts; by reafon‘ofthe fharp juice wherewith it abounds, and by which
it procureth pains therein; this danger is remedied if moitt, fat, and flippery, things
be ufed with it, as gum-tragacanth, bdellium, and oil of almonds and rofes, as alfo the
pulp of prunes made up with fugar, the mucilage of fleawort feeds, mattic, and’ :
quinces, taken afterwards, and warm water laft of all; all which caufe it to pais eae”
quicker from the ftomach and bowels, and thereby prevents its doing harm. :
fault is alfo helped if cold medicines as well as hot be mixed together to be given,
thereby to yield helptothe heart, liver, and ftomach. Diofcorides faith, if the juice
be applied to the womb,’ it deftroyeth the birth, being mixed with honey and ox-
gall ; and, rubbed on wheals; pimples, and pufhes, takes them all away: and, boiled
in vinegar, and anointed, takes away the leprofy, and outward marks in the fkin,
being diffolved in rofe-water and vinegar; and the head moiftened therewith eafech
the continual pains ‘thereof. A drachm or two of the roots of fcammony | purge in
the fame manner as the juice doth, if fome of the things that are appointed there-
with be given init. The roots boiled in water, and made into a poultice, with bar-
ley- ‘meal, eafeth the fciatica, being laid thereon; it taketh away feurfs and feabs if
they be wafhed with the vinegar wherein the roots have been boiled ; and alfo se

ph cine
SEBESTEN, ‘OR ASSYRIAN PLUMB.

Iw ebciieen te axp Names: THE febeften-tree grewen not fo high as the’ ee
plumb-tree, It is covered with 4 whitith bark, the branches are green, whereon’
frow rounder, thicker, and harder, leaves. | The bloffoms are white and confitoF

“No. 24. 5A | €

360 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

five leaves each, growing together on a Jong ftalk, which afterwards turn into fmall
berries, rather than plumbs, of a blackifh green colour when they are ripe, every
one ftanding in alittle cup, of a fweet tafte, and glutinous or clammy fubftance, and
a very thick fkin; within which lieth a three-fquare hard ftone, with a thick hell
and afmall kernel ; thefe are gathered and laid in the fun, whereby they SfOw wen
led ; and{o they are kept and brought to us in boxes.

i WILD SEBESTEN.

THE wild febeften is in all things like the other, but that it groweth hove
much like unto a hedge-bufh, and with fmaller and thinner leaves. The flowers
and fruit are like, but lefs.
In fhops they have only the name of febeften, but in Latin the tree is called myst
and myxa, and mixaria.
Peace ann Time. The firft groweth in Syria, ici is but planted in ‘Egypt,
whence they were brought into Italy in Pliny’s time, and grafted on the fervice-tree,
and do now grow in many places in their orchards. It is fo tender that it will” not
endure the cold with us. The wild kind, as Alpinus faith, is Setpiad in n Egypt: they
flower in May, and the fruit is ripe in September.
GovERNMENT AND Virtus. This is a plant of Venus: the Arabians es
Greeks hold that they open the body as much, or rather more, by reafon of the mu-
cilage inthem, than the damafk prunes; more however while they are green, and
lefs when they are dry; yer the decoction of them, or the infafion of them in
broth, although dried and taken whole, worketh effectually ; ; which Fufchius de-
niet, and affirmeth that they are rather binding, They ferve to cool any intemperate
heat of the ftomach or liver, and therefore are good in hot | agues, and to purge cho-

3a whereof they come. Mathiolus faith, that ten drachms, or twelve at the molt,
‘ef the pulp of febeftens taken from the fkins and ftones, work to as good parpofe as
the pulp of caffia fijula, They are very effectual alfo to lenify the hoarfenefs and
it fs of the throat ; they help the cough and wheafing of the lungs, and diftil.
— ipon them, by lenifying of the paffages, and caufing much phlegm to be void-
: BBE alfo give eafe to fuch as are troubled with pains in their fides, and thole
are ¢ ed with heat in their urine, and fharpnefs thereof proceedit cae 2
choler of fale ‘phlegm , they alfo drive forth the long worms of the belly. “Phere i ig
a kind of birdline made of 'thefe fruits by boiling them A little in water to take away
the fkins and ftones, ‘and afterwards boiling them more to a confiltence ; ; the which

¥ (as

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 361

(as faith Mathiolus) was ufed at Venice to catch birds but Alpinus faith they ue
it in Egypt as.a plaiter to diffolve hard tumours or iwellings.. |. ,

7 meron

Description. THE true fena is faid to grow in Arabia and Syria, and is tranf-
ported from Alexandriato us. There is a baftard fena, which is kept in many gar-
dens with us, commonly called colutea, which is its Latin name.

GoveRNMENT AND Viktuss.. Itis under the dominion of Mercury. The leaves ~
Of fena (which only are ufed) are hot near the firft degree, and dry in the third; it
is.of a purging faculty, but leaveth a binding quality after the purging; it openeth
obftructions, and cleanfeth and comforteth the ftomach, being corrected with forme
annife-feed, carraway-feed, or ginger; it purgeth melancholy, choler, and phlegm,
from the head and brain, lungs, heart, liver, and {pleen, cleanfing thofe parts of evil
humours, a drachm thereof taken in wine, ale, or broth, fafting; it {trengthens the
fenfes, and procureth mirth; it is alfo good in chronical agues, whether quartan or
quotidian 5 it cleanfeth and purifieth the blood, and caufeth a frefh and lively habit
of the body, and is a fpecial ingredient in diet drinks, and to make purging ale, to
be taken to clarify and cleanfe the blood. +The baftard fena works very violently both
upwards and downwards, offending the ftomach and bowels. 30:

¢ 26ciGiA M O-R Ei TREE:

_ Kins. THERE are, two forts of this tree, the one bearing fruit out of the
body and creater arms of the tree only, the other upon ftalks without leaves. The
firit is called in Latin fycomorus and ficus Eg yptia, the Egyptian fig-tree, and is the
true fycamore-tree; thofe trees which are vulgarly called fycamores in England: are
a kind of maples. 19; 20 Sh abe (Homes YI tdoaadw ta!

Description. 1. This fycamore groweth tobe a very, great tree, bigger than
the-mulberry-tree, with great arms and branches, full of round and fomewhat long
leaves, pointed at the ends, and dented about the edges,. very like the leaves of the
mulberry-tree ; but harder and sougher,, like fig-leaves; this beareth {mall figs, or
fruit, and no.flower, differing in that from all other trees; for it bringeth forth the
fruit out of the very body or trunk of the tree only, and the elder branches next to
the body, and no where elfe and are, very like unto white or wild figs, and of the

every part, aboundeth with milk, if the bark be/but gently wounded. but, if it be —
meds hn, ee 398 Ene 1g We REE SERLG I BS POS Te 5 CoE Se OE Ee 5 cur

362 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

cut too deep, it yieldeth no milk at all; which maketh it to bear three or four times
a year, new riling out ofthe places where the old grew. The root is folid, hard; and
black, and will abide frefh long after it is felled.

2. The other fycamore is called fycomorus altera, feu ficus Cypria, the fycamore of
Cyprus. This groweth to be as big as a plumb-tree, or white poplar-tree, the arms
and branches bearing broad and fomewhat round leaves, like unto the élm, but very
like unto the former; this beareth fuch-like fruit as figs, but fmaller, which rife
both from the body and the greaterarms, but not as the former ; but on certain ftalks
in branches, which rife by themfelves without any leaves with them ; and:are as

{weet as figs. They bear four times every year, but not unlefs they be flit, that ne
milk in them may come forth, «

Puace and Time. The firlt grows chiefly in > Bey pel Syria, and Pv et
other places adjacent ; the other in Cyprus, Caria, basi and: the ndishinaiteaae
parts,

GovERNMENTAND Virtues. Thefe are under the’ particular influence of Venus.
The fruit maketh the belly foluble, but by its overmuch moifture it troubles the’
ftomach, and giveth but little nourifhment. The milk that is taken from the tree
by gently piercing the bark, and afterwards dried and made into troches, and kept
in an earthen pot, hath a property to foften tumours, and diffolve them ; and to fol-

der and clofe together the lips of ae wounds. The fruit itfelf, ee eee
= — worketh the fame effect. sre

es PIK EN AR 'D, “ign opp sit

IT i is patutally an Indian plant, called Nard Fidleay: thevefores I fhall pro
declare its virtues, not troubling you at all with its:defcription, ~’ :

Virtuzs. Spikenard is of a heating drying faculty, as faith Diofcorides
ii uae to provoke urine, and eafeth pains of the ftone in the reins and kid~
— Neys, bei ig drunk in cold water ; it helps loathings, fwelling, or gnawing, in the.
iomach, the yellow Jaundice, and fuch as are liver-grown, It is a good ingre-
jent in mithridate and other antidotes againft poifon: to women with child itis
forbi RIESED £0. be taken inwardly. Theoil of fpikenard is good to warm cold pla-
ces, and todigent crude and raw humours ; it worketh’ powerfully on old cold griefs:
of thehead and brain, ftomach, liver, fpleen, reins, and bladder. It purgeth the
brain of rheum, being fnuffed up the noftrils; being infufed certain. days in wines
and then diftilled in a hot bath, the water is good:inwardly and outwardly tobe ufed
for any coldnels of the members. It comforts the brain, and helps cold puncte

‘AND: COMPLETE’ HERBAL ; 1 ~ 363

head, and the fhaking palfy: Twoor-three {poonfuls thereof, being taken, help
paffions’of the heart, fwoonings, and the cliolic ; being drunk with wine, it is good
egaingt vénomous bitings} and, beingmade’ into traches. with wine; it may be re-
ferved for ‘an eye beaches piaieg: being aptly aang —w obnoxious -hu-
mours s thereof. o | yeitie : i

8 | 2 hie ‘
$i £53 epee 4H Tig: iets
EY iw #

or 2 STORAX. TREE, onc

Kaus. F H ERE 3 are accounted three forts of the Rorax-tree, whofe names
thall follow with their deferiptions, i

Description. The ufual ftorax-tree is called i in Latin fyrax arbor vulgaris, ‘This
ftorax-tree groweth very like the quince-tree, both for form and bignefs, the leaves
alfo are long and round, ‘and forewhat like, but far lef$: whitith underneath, and
fiff, the flowers ftand both dt the joints with the leaves, and at the ends of the bran.
ches, confitting of five or fix largewhitifh leaves, like thofe of che orange-tree, with
fome threads in the middle, after which come round. berries, fet in the cups that the:
flowers were in before, of the bignefs of hazel-nuts, pointed at the ends, and hoary:
| all over ; each ftanding on'a long footftalk, containing within them certain kernels.
in fmall fhells, sane yiettests a sits iaaiaas aed eye whe ciate mm —
Brown honey. : Wi od

2. Storax with aghisicliies, iil folio aceris. Fr rom a sprit ‘tli pesriaty with
a crefted or as it were a jointed bark, come forth, ‘out of knots, three or five broad
leaves, like thofe of the maple or plane. tree, ftanding on fmall blackifh long ftalks,
and are: divided in three -¢ ‘or. rise ares fulh of =e dented about the edges, and
pointed at the ends. RSH 36285 BRE BD a? Sg TAR ae fi fe.

g. Red ftorax, called in Latin Sprdivabie?- This hatte ormerly” by. Wiel been
thought to be the bark of fome kindof tree that went under the name of ftorax.
But’Serapioand Avicen, divide ftorax into Zquida and ficea: by liquida meaning the
pure guy flowing: from the tree, ‘and andt that /iguida which ‘we now call’ by that
— and hed the te the faeces of the expreffed oil fig ad Teal; Pie calumnita it

¢ red ftorax. iattey: NRE Sore ' *
firfk grows ia in Provence of viet th eal, Candy,
key, e it ‘yie ee no gum; th in 1 Syria,

Virtvts>’ Phi isa Seirphitile hese is no vipat oft i mete
vat iffueth out of it; it is of temperature hot inthe ~
5B fecond

ie CULPEPER’s ENGLISHOPHYSICIAN,

fecond degree, anddry) in’ the firfts it heateth, mollifieth, and digefteth ; andoig
good for coughs, catarths; diftillations of rheums, and hoarfenefs. Pills: made with
it.and a little curpentine,, and taken, gently loofen the belly. . It refifteth cold poi-,
fons , dropped into. the ears, it helpeth, the fingings and noife in them; applied:to
the hips, joints,or fhoulders, afflicted with cold achs, it refolveth and comforteth
much,..and.is.goed to be, put into baths, for lamenefs of the joints and wearinefs by
travel... It is alfo.good to be put with white frankinceafe to perfume thofe that have
catarrhs, rheums, and defluxions from the head tothe nofe, eyes, or other parts, by
cafting it on quick coals, and holding the head over the fmoak. ° It diffolveth hard
tumours in any part, aad is good for the king’s-evil. bist

SWALLOW- WORT. | "4

~ ‘Kinps. OF this there are three kinds. The wfial Latin name of fvatlom- wort

is afelepias or Venice toxicums their diftinct names follow in their defcriptions,
‘Descriprion. 1. Swallow-wort with white flowers, a/clepias flore albo, This.

{fwallow-wort rifeth up with divers flender weak ftalks, to be cwo or three feet long,
not eafy tobreak, fcarce able to fland upright, and therefore for the moft partiea
or lies upon the ground, if it find not any thing to fuftain it; whereon are fer two
leaves at the joints, being fomewhat broad and long-pointed at the end; of a dark
green colour, and fmooth at the edges. At the joints with the leaves, towards the
tops of the ftalks, and at the tops themfelves, come forth divers fmall white flowers,
confifting of five pointed leaves a-piece, of a {weet fcent; after which come fmall
long pods, thick above, in a great deal of white filken down, whith when the 10
Fipe opencth of itfelf, and theddeth both feed and cotton upon’ thé ground, if it be

‘not carefully gathered. The roots are a great buth, of many fttings fattened toge-
d, fmelling fomewhat ftrong while they are frefh and green, butinore
pleafant when they aredried; both leaves and ftalks perith every winter, «
| i ring of the year, when the ftalls, a spent are of a black:

fomew: = pints putas koa “idhak Wdchaeoe’ more . peal
ral che cay whe yer doa ers eo the former. ‘The
—_ EIGHT ate iSWh 30 clygenus J igh 27 Gs > -FOOKS

se reR> 3

(‘AND COMPLETE HERBAL: ~ 765
roots hereof are not fo bufhy as the other, neither fimell fo “rs bree ooh it
give any milky but a:watery juice whenit is broken, "gt

3. Swallow-wort of Candy, a/élepias Cretica, This rifeth upin the fame fathion that
theformer do, with many flender flexible green branches, with leaves fer'at the joints
oneither fide, as the white kind hath, and are very like them, ‘but fomewhat of 4
paler white colour. The flowers ftand in the fame manner, three-or four together
upon a ftalk, but are fomewhat of a paler white colour; to whom fucceed fometimes
but one pod, and fometimes two together, thicker and fhorter than thofe of the
white kind; ftraked all along and double-forked at the ends, wherein lie fiik' and
feeds as in the former ; the roots have not fo ftrong a fmell as the lait, and have, as
well as the reft of the plant, a fcent like box-leaves,

Prace anp Time; The two firft grow in rough and untilled ground, upon divers
mountains in France, about Narbonne, Marfeiiles, and Montpelier, and in Italy alfo
the laft in Candy. They, flower i in the months of Juneand July, and fometimes pot
until Auguft; and their cods are ripe about a month afters Ate PP sale 2
the dry branches, when the feed and Gilk are fallen. out.

GovERNMENT anp. VIRTUES. Thefe are folar plants, the roots have. a pie
fovercign faculty againft all poifons, particularly againit the apocynym, OF dog’s-

ne ; and are effectually given, to fuch as are bitten by any venomous. ve a
ftung by any lerpeny: or other creature 5 as alfo againk the biting of a mad do

taker in wine,, nft the plague and at ssi teacheeatinindeeai
nin ar a nga iec
feeds be taken therewith, | it eafeth all the griping pains in the belly, the decoction
of the roots made with white wine, taken for feveral days together, a good draught
at atime, Sok ar ton poorer ‘The: fame alfo cureth. the
e, and eafeth the cough and all defeéts of the .cheft and

9¢ roots, taken with peony feeds, is good againf the fal-
pomecitron-ieeds, is Good againtt

6 CULPEPER": ENGLISH PHYsictan,

an E Ne GLAS Hq Siliicco ‘ites up bith a thick rout alk

about two feet high, whereon grow thick fat green leaves, not fo large as the Indian,
round-pointed, and not dented about the edges ; at the tops ftand divers flowers i in.
green hufks, fcarce above the brims of the hufk, round-pointed alfo, and of a green-
ifh yellow colour.’ Its feed is not very right, but large, contained i in- great héads,
The roots perifl every winter, but rife generally of its own fowing. 3
_ Names. It.is called in Latin petum and nicotiona. -

“Puace anp Time. Englifh tobacco groweth cosine Winfeomb in Glou- -
cefterfhire, as delighting i in a fruitful foil ; the other, which we fmoke, eroweth bett dc
~ in Virginia, and is thence carried to fome parts of Spa and there made up and ©
ariged to us, and named Spanifh tobacco, . gaat oy é3 Fee Jae
GoveRNMENT AND Virtues. It is a martial plant. Wiss found Gheod exper
ence to be available to expeétorate tough phlegm from the ftomach, cheft, and lungs; 4
the juice thereof being made into a fyrup, or the diftilled | water of the herb drunk KS
} sis ufual, but fafting. : :

sworms in the ftomach and belly, and cafe th a DE ins i 1

Kidieys; to eafe pains, ai oa
WA been crt ne effectui

teeth white The herb bruifed; and epplicdiial he p! ~ grieved with re Md
__€vil, helpeth it in nine or ten days effectually, '‘Monardife faith it is a counter-pol-

: fon for the biting of any venomous creature, the herb alfo being outwardly: ste !
: place, The diftilled: ‘water is s often given y E

—

y,

( ay

>
/
NJ

Snikenard. : English Spitheriar

“4

ck

= (Garden Laney. Weld Tansy - Melancholy Thistle. Ladies Thirtle .

AND eye LE HERBAL. 367

sn = TAM ARISE: TREE.

iTS is fo well known in the place where it grows, that it nactléth no deferiprion:

Time. It flowereth about the end of 'May,- of in Jute, ag the ety is Bilis and
blown away in the beginning of September.. . 43

- GoveRNMENT AnD Virtues. Ivis under the dominion of Saturn. If the root,
leaves, or young branches, be :boiled in wine-or vinegar, and drunk, and. applied
outwardly, it is very powerful’againft the hardnefs of the: {pleen. © The leaves, boil-
_ ed in'wine and drunk, are/good to ftay the bleeding of the hemorrhoidal veing: fpit_
ting. of blood, and helpeth the jaundice, the cholic,and the bitings of all venomous
ferpents except the afp. The bark is as effectual, ‘if not more, to all the purpofes
aforefaid ; and both it and the “leaves boiled in wine, and the mouth and'thé teeth
wafhed therewith, help the tooth-ach, the ear-ach, and the rednefs-and: watering of
the eyes.» The faid decoétion, with fore honey put thereto, is good'to ftay gangrenes
and fretting ulcers, and to wath thofe that are fubject to nits and lice.. The wood
is very effectual to confume the {pleen, and therefore to drink out of cups and cans
made thereof is good for fplenetic perfons. The afhes of the wood are ufed for all
the purpofes'aforefaid’; and, befides, do quickly hélp the blifters raifed’by b ir : i, os
or fealdings by fire or water. Alpinus and Veflingius affirm, that the Egyptians
do with as good fuccefs ufe the wood hereof to cure the French difeafeas others do
lignum vita or guaiacum ; and give it alfo to fuch as are poffeffed with the leprofy,
cabs, pufhes, ticers, or the like; and it is available atfo to help the dropfy arifing
from the hardnefs and obftruction of the fpleen, as alfo for mnclanchaly: and the ek
jaundice, that arifeth thereof. : aes

jf GARDEN TANSEY.
: , GARDEN TANSEY is fo well eae that it needeth no Malate,
fate It flowereth in June and. July.., = :

eyes

. * It is an agreeable bitter; a carminative, anda deftroyer ‘of worms : and it is in this Tat capacity peer it

is principally tobe regarded.
No complaint is fo frequent, and few. ae on fo ith mifchief befides the more commonand obvious

difanine which they occafion, a watting, even to death, and putrid fevers, fometimes accompany, and sagiae oe fs
arife from, them; and, oftener than is thought, they are the caufe of epilettic fits. The ae = &
againft them are for the moft part ineffeStual, and many of them mifehievous. Hellebore hasbrought oncon- ne

vulfions ; and every one knows the danger of mercurials.

: : GoveRNMENT
No. 25. 5c ; ee

368 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

GoveRNMENTAND Virtues, Venus governs thisherb. Theherb bruifed, and
applied to the navel, ftays mifcarriages; boiled in ordinary beer, and the decoétion
drunk, it doth the like; alfo, it confumes thofe phlegmatic humours which the cold
and moift conftitution of winter ufually infeéts the body with, and that was the
firft reafon of eating tanfey in the fpring.. The decoction of the common tanfy, or
the juice drunk in wine, is 2 fingular remedy for all the griefs that come by ftopping
of the urine, helpeth the ftranguary, and thofe that have weak reins and kidneys,
It is very profitable to diffolve and expel wind in the ftomach, belly, or bowels. — If
it be bruifed, and often fmelled to, as alfo applied to the lower part of the belly, it
is very profitable for fuch women as are given to mifcarry in child-bearing, to caufe
them to goout their full time; it is ufed alfo againft the ftone in the reins, efpecial-
ly to men, The herb fried with eggs, which is called a tanfey, helpeth to digeft, and
carry downward, thofe bad humours that trouble the ftomach. The feed is very
profitably given to children for worms, and the juice in drink isas effectual. mp.
- boiled in oil, it is good for the finews fhrunk by cramps, or pained with cold.”

MN WILD TANSEY, orm SILVER-WEED. wn

oo BELES caiiall known, that it needeth no defcription.
. Pracs. | It groweth almoft in every place.

Time. Itflowereth in June and July.
| Government ann Virtues. This is likewife an herb of Venus, "Wild taney
ftayeth the lafk, and all the fuxes of blood, in men. or women, which fome fay it
willdo if the green herb be worn in the fhoes, fo it be next the fkin. it flayeth alfo
- {pitting « or vomiting of blood. It is much commended to help children that, ase

“ eA burften, and have a rupture, being boiled in water and falt. Being boiled in wine

k, it eafeth the griping pains of the bowels, andis. good for the feiatica and
joint-achs... The fame boiled in vinegar with honey and allum, and gargled i in the
mouth, eafeth the pains of the tooth-ach, fafteneth loofe teeth, helpeth the gums
that are. fore and. fettleth the palate of the mouth in its place when it is fallendawn.
It cleanfeth and healeth the ulcersin the mouth or fecret parts, and.is very good for
inward wounds, and to clofe the lips of green wounds ; as alfo to heal old, moilt
corrupt, ‘running, fores, in the legs or elfewhere. Being bruifed and applied to the
foles of the feet, and the wrifts, it wonderfully cooleth the hot fits of agues, bbe they
never fo violent, - The diftilled water cleanfeth the fkin of all difcolourings therein,

as morphew, fun-burning, &c. as alfo pimples, freckles, and the like 5 and, 88
I

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 369

into the eyes, or cloths wet therein and applied, taketh away the heat and inflam.
mations in them. an

Vb TFL ST Madd Bin
rete, Were

O F thefe are many kinds growing here in England, which are. fo well known,
that they need nodefcription. Their difference is eafily known by the places where
they grow, viz.

Pract... Some grow in. “fille, fome in meadows, and fome among ‘the corn,
others on heaths, greens, and wafte grounds, i in many places.

Tims. They all flower in July and Augutt, and their feed is ripe quickly after.

_GovgRNMENT AND Virtuzs. Mars rules them, Thiftles are good to provoke
urine, and to amend the rank fell of the armpits, or of the whole body, beiug boil-
ed in.wine and. drunk; and are faid alfo to help a {tinking breath, and to ftrengthen
the ftomach. Pliny faith, that the, juice bathed on the place: that wanteth hair, it
being fallen off, will caufe it to grow again {peedily.

.

Wid ikbascnets THISTLE.

Description. IT rifeth up with a tender fingle hoary green ftalk, bearing
thereon four or five long hoary green leaves, dented about the edges, the points
whereof are little or nothing prickly, and at the top ufually bur one head, yet
fometimes from the bofom of the uppermoft leaf there fhooteth forth another fmal-_
ler head, {caly and fomewhat prickly, with many reddifh purple thrums in the mid-
dle, Which, being gathered frefh, will keep the colour a great while, and fade not
from the ftalk ina long time, while it perfecteth the feed. The root hath many long
ftrings fattened to the head, or upper part, which is blackifh, and perifheth not.
~ There is another fort, little differing from the former, but that the leaves are more
green above and more hoary underneath, and the ftalk, being about two fect high,
bearing but one large fealy head, with threads and feeds as the former. —

“Piace. They grow i in many ag meadows of this land, as well in the fouthern
as in the northern: parts.

Time. comes Hower abe July or Augutt, 4nd their feed ripeneth S pder
after,

Gednawas NT AND: atid! ‘Tt is under Capricorn, and therefore under both :
Satutn and Mars ; ; one rids’ ‘melancholy by fympathy, the other by antipathy. -
Their virtues are but few,’ but thofe’ not to be defpifed; for the decoétion of the

thiftle

3. CULPEPER%s’ ENGLISH “PHYSICIAN,

thiftle in wine, being drunk,’ expels fuperfluous. melancholy out of thebedy, and
makes amanmerry. Superfluous melancholy caufeth care, fear, fadnefs, defpairjene
vy, and many evils befides ; but religion teacheth to wait “pes. sprinters a caft
our care upon him who cance for ust “| Eetisdf .

OUR LAD Ys. wvuistye

‘ : wil liaeslh Uhedad Sond ea

Description. OUR LADY’s thiftle hath divers large and broad 1088 w
ing on the ground; cutin and as it were crumbled, ‘but rather hairy on the edges +
of a white green fhining colour, wherein are many lines and ftrakes of a milky white
colour running all over, and fet ‘about ‘with: many fharp and- ftiff prickles, among
which rifeth up one or more‘ftrong, round, and prickly, ftalks, fee full‘of the like
leaves up to the top, where, at the end ‘of every’ ‘brarich, ‘cometh forth’a Creat, ‘prick#
ly, thiftle-like, head, ftrongly armed with pricks, and with bright? purple throms
rifing out of the middle of them; after they Are paft;‘the feed eroweth! int the faid
heads, lying ina great deal of foft white down; whith is'foniewhat flattith and thine -
ing, large and brown. The root is great, {preading in the ground, with many ftrings
and {mall fibres faftened thereto. All the whole ‘Plant is bitter in tafte. se

Pracs. Itis frequent on the bank of almoft every” Tack, Sti T Ne

Time. It flowereth and feedeth in. June, July, and, Auguk. ;

GoveRnmentT. AnD Virtus. Our lady’s thiftlei is under Jupiter, and thoughtta
be as good as carduus. benediétus for agues, and to prevent and cure the infection § of
the plague, as alfo to open ‘obftruations of the liver and {pleen, and thereby i 1s good
| againit the jaundice, It provoketh urine, breaketh and expelleth t the fone, and i “nd
good for the dropfy. It is effe€tual alfo for the pains in the fides, and many other
inward pains and gripings. The feed and diftilled water are held. powerful to all

os the purpofes aforefaid : and, belides, it is often applied both inwardly to drink,and

twardly with cloths or fpunges to the region of the liver, to cool the. diftempera:
I reof, and to the region of the heart, againft {woonings and paffions ofi if. Ir :
coat exceedingly : and i in f pring, if ve boil the tender plants i a .

“WOOLLY OR COTTON. THISTLE. ai #

Disparate THIS hath ‘many large leaves lying on the ground, fc mew

cut in, and as it were crumpled, On theedges, of agreen colour on the upper ‘fide,

bus covered over with along: hairy Som, or cattony down, fet with fharp pricks ;
| _ from

Woolly or totton Thastte, Fullery Thistle.

L> — 1 a
* “J - i >
Ai * ; ay P As .

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. ~U 0 ght

from the middle of whofe heads of flowers come forth many purplith crimfon
threads, fometimes white, although but feldom. The feed, that followeth in thefe
white downy heads, is fomewhat large, long, and round, refembling the feed of
our lady’s-thiftle, but paler. “The root “is ll ge and asetat sagen pnp yer
ufually dieth after feed-time, vs “a

Piace. It groweth on divers ahaa ‘and in the corel, and Hien 7
generally throughout England ; ‘and is often found growing in gardens, 7

Time. It flowereth and beareth feed about the end of “eysrneoid When — Sige |
tles flower and feed. fONS ot a

GovERNMENT AND Virtus. It is a: snide of: Mais: Dioredrides and Pay
write, that the leaves and roots hereof; taken in dtink, help thofe that Have'a’
crick in their neck, that they cannot turn it unle{s they turn their whole body. Ga-
len faith, that the roots and leaves hereof are good for fuch perfons as have their
bodies drawn together by fome {pafin or Convulfion, or other infirmities, as the ric-
kets in children; being a difeafe that hindereth their, growth, by oe 5
nerves, ligaments, and whole ftructures of their body. |

— SE FULLeERs THES TL Be OR ct E, A Sch Agee

IT is fo well aPer as thar i it pees no defcription, being ufed ih the cloth-
workers, -; wgediHA \2zauTsiY aus

The wild.teafel is in ‘oh sie like Fe Kerkclety but that the siclline a aré Sahai:
foft, and upright, not hooked or ftiff: and the flowers of bre are if a fine eb) ae or.
pale carnation colour; but of the manured kind whitifh; ¢ 9 ©. °” boo
_ \Prace.. The firft groweth, being 'fown, in eardéns or ahs fac the at of cloth-

workers. The other near ditthes in many places of Great Bricaini ©

“Time They flower in Julyj and’are ripe near the end of Auguft. '

Government AND Virtues. It ig an herbiof Venus. Diofcorides faith, that
the root bruifed and boiled in’ wine until it be thick, add kept in a brazen veffel or
pot, and after fpread as a falve and applied, doth heal fittulas, and alfo taketh away
warts and wens. ‘The juice of the leaves, dropped ‘into the'ears, ‘killeth worms in
them. © The diftilled water of the leaves, dropped into the eyes, taketh away rednefs
and miftsin them that hinder the fight,and is often ufed by women to preferve rene
adish and to take cae tents and eo and all other irises

© eee |

ee The water, iin is received in sclieniitelasaiinanie sane: fash: for inflammations of theeyes. “Teale = 4
fo takes off fpots from the face, and beautifiesit, Boiled in wine, it purges by urine. Sak

gz, CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Mf TREACLE-MUSTARD.

Descearticw IT. rifeth: up. witha hard:round ftalk about a foot high, Boe ine:
to fome branches, having divers foft green leaves fomewhat Jong, and narrow fet,
thereon, waved, but-not cutin on the.edges,- broadeft towards the ends; and-fome-
what round-pointed ;. the. flowers are white.that. grow-at,the tops of the ‘branches,
fpike-fafhion, one above another: after-which.come large round -pouches partediin.
the middle with a furrow, having one blackifh brown feed on either fide, fomewhat,
fharp.in tafte, and fmebling of garlic, -efpecially in the fields where it is natural; but’
not fo much in gardens: theroots are {mall and.thready, perithing everysyeats 9

BLACK-THORN, on SLOE-BUSH.

IT is fo well known, thar'it needeth’ no defeription.

Prace. It groweth in every‘country, inthe hedges and borders of fields.

Time. It flowereth in April, and fometimes i in. March, but ripeneth after ‘all.
other plumbs whatfoever, and ‘is ‘not fit ‘to be eaten until the autunin froft have mel
_ lowed it. ’

GovERNMENT AND Vitec. Allthe parts of the floe-buth are binding, cooling,
and drying, and effectual to ftay-the bleeding at the nofe and mouth, or any other
place ; the lafk of the belly, or ftomach, or the bloody flux, and to eafe the pains in’
the fides or bowels, by drinking the decoétion of the bark of the roots, or more ufual-
ly the decoétion of the-berries, either freth or-dried.. The confervé is alfo of very
much ufe to the purpofés aforefaid; but .the-diftilled water. of the. flowers, firk.
fteeped in fack for a-night, and drawn therefrom. by the heat of 4! dath, is a moft
Certain remedy;. tried and approved, .to-eafe. all: manner of gnawing inthe ftomach,
Seat howto any-griping pains in any:of them, todrink-a: fmall-quantity’’
when theextremity of pain is upon:them. | The leaves.alfo are good.to make lotionsy

gle.and.wath the.mouth.and.throat, wherein are-fwellings; foresy or ‘kernelsy

ant soi: i defiuinns of.rheum to the:eyes. or: other parts, as alfe-to”coobthé:

and.inflammations in them, and to eafe.hot pains: of. the head, by bathing) the

“temples therewith... The fimple diftilled.water. of the - flowers is-very’

effedtuat for the faid: purpofes, and the condenfate juice of the floes. —"
water of en alfe- for thefame-purpofes. — i i

at THOROUGH-

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 373

Mf rworovsn. WAX, oR THOROUGH- LEAF,

Description. COMMON thorough-wax fendeth forth one ftraight round ftalk,
arid fornétimes' more, two feet high and better, whofe lower leaves; being of a bluith.
green colour, are fmaller and narrower than thofe up higher, and ftand clofe thereto;
not compaffing it, but, as they grow higher, they more and more encompafs’ the
ftalk, until it wholly:(as it were) pafs' through them, branching towards the top into
many parts, where the leaves crow fmaller again, every one ftanding fingly. Fhe
flowers are very {mall and yellow, ftanding in:tufts at:thevheads of the -branchesy
where afterwards grow the feed, and blackifh, many thick thruft together. Phe
root is fmall, long, and woody, perifhing every year after feed-time, and rifing again
plentifully of its own fowing,

- Puacs. It is found growing.in many corn-fields and. pafture-grounds in Great
Britain. La Pe

Time. It flowereth in July, and the feed isripein Augufs . ..._ Ae

GovERNMENT AND Virtuss. Both this and the former are under the in uence AP,
Saturn. Thorough-wax is of fingular good ufe for all forts of bruifes and wounds,
either inward or Badard! and old ulcers and fores likewife, if the decoction of the
herb with water or wine be drunk, and the places wafhed therewith, or the juice, or
green herb bruifed or boiled, either by itfelf or with other herbs, in oil or hog’s
greafe, to’be made into an ointment to ferve all the year. The decoction of the herb,
or the powder of the dried herb, taken inwardly, and the fame, or the gfeen leaves,
bruifed and applied outwardly, i is fingular good. to cure ruptures and burftings, elpe-
cially i in nchildren, before they be too old. | |

ai

353 is. very un : :
Goaane NigenTeA ‘AND Stliee, It is under the. government. ot Ve enus., T de her’

isa notable ftrengthener of the lungs’. there is fearcely a better remedy growing for:
that difeafe in children which they commonly call the chin-cough. It purgeth. the:
body of phlegm, and is an excellent remedy for fhorthefs'of breath: it kills wormsin
the belly. An. ointment-made‘of. it takes-away ‘hot {wellings and warts, helps the
Ss ened Sind canes —, iene the fpleen, Ic is exe

pels wind,

a7 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Na : we, Cg we
rs f) WILD THYME, or MOTHER of THYME,” ae 4
| THE wild thyme ‘aller is fo well known, that it am’ no defeription.
' Puace. It may be found incommons and other barren places Hrislea tie
nation. ~ hee i
~GovERNMENT AND Vinrves, This is likewife under the dominion of Venus,
inbadill under the fign Aries, and therefore chiefly appropriated to the head: it pro
voketh urine, and eafeth the griping pains of the belly, cramps, ruptures, ° cand i ins
flammations of the liver. If you make a vinegar of the herb, and anoint the head ‘
with it, itwill foon eafe the pain thereof. It is excellent good to be giveneither ina *
- frenzy or lethargy, although they are two contrary difeafes. It helps the fpitting of
blood, coughing, and vomiting’; it comforts and -ftrengthens the head, i sears
reins, and womb ; expels wind, and breaks the ftone. )

P's TORMENTIL, or SEPTFOIL.

Descriprioy. THIS hath many reddifh, lender, weak, branches, Be Src m3
the root, lying upon the ground, rather leaning than ftanding upright, with many s
fhort leaves that ftand clofer to the ftalks than cinqfoildoth, (which this is very like,)
with the footitalk encompafling the branches in feveral places ; but thofe that grow _
- next to the ground are fet upon long footftalks, each whereof are like the leaves of
~ “cindfoil, but fomewhat longer and fmaller, and dented about the edges, many of ©
Tet divided i into five leaves only, but moft of them into feven, whence it is alfo ~
called feptfoil; yet fome may have fix, and fome eight, according to the fertility of
the foil. At the tops of the branches ftand divers finall yellow flowers, confifting ©
of five leaves, like thofe of cingfoil, but {maller. The root is finaller than biftort,
_fomewhat thick, but blacker without, and not fo red within, yet fometimes alittle”
crooked, having many blackifh fibres, - Ed
“Brace. Itgroweth as well in woods and fhadowy places as in the open countty, 2
abot Beliehorders of fields i Se ag places of a a ead almott i in ree 2%

Fa

‘ t fowereth all alae finn.

ee

_ ~ GovERNMENT anv Virtuzs. This is an Hens GE thie Site eT orechntte noft
excellent to ftay all kinds of fluxes of blood or humours i in‘man or woman, whether
at nofe, mouth, belly, or any wound in the veins or elfewhere. The juice of theherb A

or root, taken in drink, not only refifteth all poifon or venom’ of any creature, ‘but i ,

of the _ itfelf, and Deftilentia a

e

Small Turnsote.

Meadow Treffen
a id

Yy

Ry hawt

“A
Wild Treforl:

Creat Wild Valerta 1.

|

: Lttone Trufo el

Fi bers or Lurk leaves Carden TVialervan

——

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 375

difeafe, meafles, purples, &c. expelling the venom and infeétion from the heart by
perfpiration ; if the green root be not to be had, the powder of the dry root is as ef-
fectual, a drachm thereof being taken every morning. The decoétion likewife of
the herb and roots made in wine, and drunk, worketh the fame effe@ ; and fo doth
the diftilled water of the herb and root, being fteeped in wine for a night, and then
diftilled in dalneo marie. The water thus diftilled, taken with fome Venice treacle,

and the party prefently laid to fweat, will expel any venom or poifon, or the plague,

fever, Occ. for it is an ingredient of efpecial refpeét in all antidotes or counter-poi-
fons. Thereis not found any root more effeétual to help any flux of the belly, fto-
mach, {pleen, or blood, than this, to be taken inwardly, or applied outwardly. The
juice doth wonderfully open obftructions of the liver and lungs, and thereby in fhort
{pace helpeth the yellow jaundice : fome make cakes hereof, ds weil to ftay all fluxes
as to reftrain all choleric belchings, and much vomiting, with loathing. Andreas
Valefius is of opinion, that the decoétion of this root is no lefs effeétual to cure the
venereal difeafe than guaiacum; and it is not unlikely, becaufe it fo mightily re-
fifteth putrefaction. Lobel faith, that Rondeletius ufed it as hermodaétils for joint-
achs: the powder alfo, or decoétion to be drunk, or to fit therein as a bath, is a
fine remedy againft abortion in women, if it proceed from the weaknefs of the inward
retentive faculty: as alfo a plafter made therewith and vinegar, applied to the reins
of the back, doth much help, not only this, but alfo thofe that cannot hold their
water, the powder being taken in the juice of plantane; and it is alfo commended
again{t the worms in children. It is very powerful in ruptures and burftings; as
. alfo for bruifes and falls, to be ufed as well outwardly as inwardly. The root here-

_ of, made up with pellitory of Spain and allum, and put into an hollow tooth, not only
affuageth pain, but ftayeth the flux of humours which caufed it. Tormentilis no lefs
effectual and powerful a remedy for outward wounds, fores, and hurts, than for in-
ward, and is therefore a {pecial ingredient in wound-drinks, lotions and injections
for foul, corrupt, rotten, fores and ulcers of the mouth, or any other parts of the
body ; and to put either the juice or powder of the root into {uch ointments, plafters,
and fuch things as are to be applied to wounds and fores. It alfo diffolveth all

knots, kernels, and hardnefs, about the ears, throat, and jaws; and the king’s evil,

if the leaves and roots be bruifed and applied thereto. The fame alfo eafeth the pains
of the {ciatica, or hip-gout, by reftraining the fharp humours that low thereto, The
juice of the leaves and roots, ufed with a little vinegar, is alfo a fpecial remedy againft —
the running fores of the head o
eruptions in the fkin, proc
fe€tual for the piles, or hemorrhoids, if
No. 25.

they be wathed and bathed therewith, or —
5E with»

rother parts, fcabs alfo, and the itch, or any fuch S |
eeding of falt and fharp humours, T he fame alfo is ef-—

376 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

_with the diftitied water of the herb and roots. It is found alfo ‘helpful to dry*up
any fharp rheum that diftilleth from the head into the eyes, caufing, rednefs, pain,
waterings, itchings, or the like, if a little prepared tutia, or white amber, be ufed
— the diftilled water thereof. ~ The Sun rules this herb. st es)

gl. Soo TURNSOL, on HELIOTROPIUM.

Descrption. THE preaier turnfol rifeth up with one upright ftalk about a
foot high or more, dividing itfelf almoft from the bottom into fmaller branches of a
hoary colour. At each joint of the ftalk and branches grow two fmall broad leaves,
fomewhat white or hoary alfo. At the tops of the ftalks and branches ftand many
{mall white flowers, confifting of four and fometimes five very fmall leaves, fet in
order one above another, upon a {mall crooked fpike, which turneth inwards, open-

_ ing by degrees as the flowers blow open; after which in their places come forth {mall

cornered feeds, four for the moft part ftanding together. The root is {mall and
thready, perifhing every year 5 and the feed, fhedding every year, raifeth it again the

next fpring.

Piace. It groweth in gardens, and sc abwendh and feedeth with us in England,
notwith{tanding it is not natural to Great Britain, but to Italy, Spain, and France,
where i it groweth plentifully.

Government anv Virtugs. It is an herbof the Sun Diofcorides faith, that
a good handful of this, which is: called the greater turnfol, boiled in water and drunk,
purgeth both choler and phlegm; and, boiled with cummin, and drunk, helpeth
the {tone in the reins, kidneys, or bladder, provoketh urine and the courfes, and
caufeth an eafy and fpeedy delivery in child-birth. The leaves bruifed and applied
to places pained with the gout, or that have been newly fet, do give much eafe. The
feed and the juice of the leaves alfo, being rubbed witha little falt upon warts, wens,
_ -and-other-hard kernels, in the face, eye-lids, or any other part of the body, wil, a

= | Weaeion take them away.

(V [ wEaDow TREFOIL, on HONEY-SUCKLES. o-

“avi is fo weil known, efpecaly by the name of honey fuels, white and red,
carter es rr hess, the ¥ 4 A .
“Peace.” ‘They grow. re every where in England, Pa ote

GovERNMENT AND Vintue es. Mercury hath dominion over the common forts.

Dodoneus faith, the leaves and flowers are good to eafe the griping pains of the
; guts, —

ANDSCOMPLETE HERBAL( 54 37

guts, the herb being boiled and ‘ufed in aclifter. If the herb be made into a poul-
tice and applied to inflammations, it will eafethem. The juice dropped into the
eyes is a familiar medicine with many country people to take away the pin and web
(as the call it) in the eyes; it alfo allayeth the hear and blood-fhooting of them,
Country people do alfoin many places drink the juicehereof againft the biting of an
adder, and, having boiled the herb in water, they firft wath the place with thede-
coétion, and then lay fome of the herb to the hurt place. The herb alfo, boiled
' in {wines greafe, and fo made into an ointment, is good to apply to the biting of any
venomous creature. It is held likewife to be good for wounds. The feed and flows
ers boiled in water, and after made into a poultice with fome oil and applied, help
hand fwellings and ra ace ,

mo, Be HEART TREFOIL

BE SIDES the alias forts of trefoil, here are two more remarkable, and
one of which may probably be called heart trefoil, not only becaufe the leaf i is tri-
angular like the heart of aman, but alfo becaufe each leaf contains the ge icon
of a heart, and that in its proper colour, -viz..a flefh colour, ee,

_Pracs. It groweth near Bow, and parts’ adjacent... ; yap

GovERNMENT AND Vigtvugs... It is under the dominion of the Sune xe it
were ufed, it would be found as great a ftrengthener of the heart and cherifher of
the vital {pirit as grows, relieving the bdy againft faintings and {woonings, fortify-

| ing it scant oi fons and Better: and uae 4. ae heart againft the noifome va.”

“PEARL TREFOIL.

ET differs not Se feoee the common fort, fave only in this one pasmiaiedebes it hath 3
‘a White fpot in the leaf like a pearl; it is particularly under the dominion’ of the
Moon, and itsicon feweth that it is of fingular virtue gar S the pear], oripin and

web, cee = ax

Pe ed

“TUTSAN, on PARKA -LEAVES.

7 Rts sensei; IT hath hecwuill fhining ftalks, cretted all shel ength | =
rifing to be two and fometimes three feet high, branching forth even Froak. peor

tom, having divers. joints,. and. at each of. them two fair large leaves, of a aes

bluifh: epreca colour on the upper fide, and of a yellowifh green wadderneat # ‘

#8 | CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

ing reddifh towards autumn, but abiding on the branches all the winter, At the tops
of the {talks and branches ftand large. yellow flowers, and heads with feed, which,
being greenifh at the firft,,and afterwards reddih, turn tobe of blackith purple co-
lour when they are thoroughly.ripe, with {mall brownith feed within them, and then
yield a reddish juice or liquor, of a reafonable good {cent, fomewhat refinous, and of
anvharth and {typtic tafte, as the leaves alfo and the flowers be, although much lefs,
The root is of a brownith colour, fomewhat great, hard, and woody, {preading well
in the ground. < ‘ , : i iis Sn Sete ‘ ‘ .
~ Prac, It groweth in many woods, groves, and woody grounds, as parks and

forefts, and by hedge fides, in many places in Great Britain.

_. Time. It flowereth later than St. John’s or St. Peter’s wort.

Description. THIS hath a thick thort greyith root, lying for the moft part

= _ above ground, fhooting forth on all fides other fuch-like {mall pieces or roots, —

_ Which have allof them many long and great ftrings or fibres under them, in the —

| Gron nd, whereby it draweth nourifhment. From the heads of thefe roots fpringup
st green leaves, which at firft are fomewhat broad and long, without any divifion i

_ Government anp Virtuss, It is an herb of Saturn, and a great antivenerean.
Tutfan purgeth choleric humours, as St. Peter’s wort is faid to do,for therein it
worketh the fame effects, both to help the {ciatica and gout, and to heal burnings by
fire. It ftayeth alfo the bleeding of wounds, ifeither the green herb be: bruifed, or
the powder of the dry be applied thereto. It hath been accounted, and certainly is,
a fovereign herb to heal any wound or fore either outwardly or inwardly, and there- |

fore always ufed in drinks, lotions, balms, oils, ointments’ for any fort-of green

wound, or old ulcers and fores; in all which the continual experience of former ages pia <

hath confirmed the ufe thereof to be admirably good, though it be not fo much in
“ufe now as when phyficians and furgeons were fo wife-as to ufe herbs more than now —

Ale GARDEN VA LERIAN.: Mo

them, or denting on the edges ; but thofe that rife up after are more and —
vided on each fide, fome to the middle rib, made of many leaves together
_" »and thofe upon the ftalk in like manner are more divided, but {mallertowa
Bg saiaco 2, , yard high or more, fometimes
th many {mall whitith flowers, fometimes dafhed over at the edge
ih colour, ofa little feat; which pafling away, there followeth |

at is eafily carried away with the wind. The root ’ melleth

flower, and is of more ufe in medicine, |

s
A
Tx | ee
my
< > i
wD, q
- .
= i

Sik

Athy w . 7 ,
Creekish lalertan, Opright I Luann.

Se

a

LOotet?

5 ss y
Z

Garda LB uglofe. Wild Buy lofe.

AND COMPLETE HERBAL;

Prace. It is generally kept with us in our gardens,

Time. It flowereth in June and July, and continueth flowering until the frott
pull it down. : |

GovirNMENT anp Virtvgs. © Thisis under the infuence of Mercury. Diofco-
tides faith, that the garden valerian hath a warming faculty, and that, being dried
and given to drink, it provoketh urine, and helpeth the ftranguary. The decoétion
_ thereof, likewife taken, doth the like alfo, and taketh away pains of the fides, pro-
voketh urine, and helpeth the ftranguary. [tis ufed as a counter: poifon. Pliny
faith, that the powder of the root, given in drink, or fome of the decoétion thereof
taken, helpeth all ftoppings and ftranglings in any part of the body, whether they pro-
ceed of pains in the cheft or fides, and taketh them away. The root of valerian,
boiled with liquorice, raifins, and annife-feed, is good for thofe that are fhort wind-
ed, and for thofe that are troubled with a cough, and helpeth to open the paffages,
and to expectorate phlegm eafily. It is given to thofe that are bitten or ftung by any
venomous creature, being boiled in wine. It is of {pecial virtue againft the plague,
the decoétion thereof being drunk, and the root being ufed to fell to; it helpeth —
alfo to expel wind. The green herb with the root taken freh, being bruifed and ap-
plied to the head, taketh away the pains and prickings therein, ftayeth rheum and
thin diftillations 3 and, being boiled in white wine, and a drop thereof put into the
eye, taketh away the dimnefs of the fight, or any pin or web therein. It is of excel-
Jent property to heal any inward fores or wounds, as alfo for outward hurts or wounds,
and draweth any {plinter or thorns out of the feth. |

oe o nieieraalie nb

Description. THE common vervain hath fomewhat long and broad leaves
_ hext the ground, gafhed about the edges, and fome only deeply dented, or cut all
alike, of a blackifh green colour on the upper fide, and fomewhat grey underneath.
_The ftalk is fquare, branched into feveral parts, rifing about two feet high, efpecial-
ly if you reckon the long {pike of flowers at the tops of them, which are {fet on all
fides one above another, and fometimes two or three together, being fmall and gaping,
of a purplith blue colour, and white intermixed; after which come {mall round feed
in fmall and fomewhat long heads... The root is fmall and long, but of no ufe.

379

»-Phace. _ It groweth generally throughout England, ia divers places by the hedges, tee

and way-fides, and other wafte grounds. =
Time, It flowereth about July, and the feed is ripe foon after,

No. 25. 3 5F GovrRNMENT

3 «=. CULPEPERssENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

(GovERNMENT AnD Virtvss.1}, Thisalfo isan herb. of Venus, and. an) excellent
herb for, the womb, to ftrengthen it, and,remedyall the cold griefs of.ir, as plantane
doth the hot, The herb _bruifed and hung about the neck, helps.the, head-ach,)
Vervain is hot and dry, bitter, opening -obftruétions, cleanfing and healing. Ivhelp-
eth the yellow jaundice, the dropfy, and the gout, the defects of the reins and lungs,
and generally all inward pains and torments of the body, the leaves being boiled and
drunk. The fame is held to be goad againft the bitings of ferpents, and other veno-
mous beafis; and again{t the plague, and both tertian and quartan:agues; killeth —
and expelleth worms in)the,belly, and caufeth a good colour in the face andi body;
ftrengtheneth as well as correcteth the difeafes of the ftomach and lungs, coughs,
thortnels of breath, and saeebngss and is fingular oad againft the dropty, tebe
defetts as se reins and bladder, to ‘ea haan of thofe ‘malate shat mae a
flone ; and helpeth to break. the ftone,.and to expel gravel. It confolidateth, and
healeth alfo all wounds both inward and outward, and ftayeth bleedings; andy. ufed
with fome honey, healeth all old ulcers and fiftulas in the legs or other parts of the
body, as alfo thofe ulcers that happen in the mouth ; OF, ufed with old hogs, greafe,
it helpeth the fwellings and pains of the fecret patts.in man or woman, as al{o the piles
and hemorrhoids. Applied. with fome oil of rofes and vinegar unto the, forehead and
temples, i it eafeth the inveterate pains and achs of the head, The leaves bruifed, ot
the j juice of them mixed with fome vinegar, doth wonderfully cleanfe the kin,» and
taketh away. morphew, freckles, and other fuch-like inflammations and deformities
of the fkinin any part of the body. The diftilled water of the herb, when it is in its
— full ftrength, dropped into the eyes, cleanfeth them from films, clouds, or mitts, that

| = darken the fig at, and wonderfully ftrengtheneth the optic nerves, The faid water

a is $ very powerful in all the difeafes aforefaid either inward of outward, whether they
be ok corroding fores, or green wounds. |

Othe
‘¢

pel siripionb pine 7
| ,alfo the tears of the span A 2
in the ladder, This is a very Pood Heme s"bet

a ie

“AND COMPLETE HERBAL 381

thefalt’ of the leaves is’ held tobe better: “The afheés' of the burnt branches will
make teeth that are black as a'¢oal to beas white as fnow,if you do but every morh-

ingtab: them werk it. « nite a tree of the’ Sait: ifs 4 Symiparhetical with the body
of man. hah eh | ” om

Be ; - oo Ewen el ae

“BO TH the tame and ile are fo well Free ‘ae they need no depcinedl
Time. They. flower: until the end of. hl buts are belt i in’ ere and the bes

eipinuzof Arprilings S280 1S gHC3t BES
eeGoverNMENT AND Virtues. They area fine alba go: of Weilaks ofamild
nature, ho way harmful. All the violets are cold and moift while they are freth and’
green, and are ufed tocool any heat or diftemperature of the body either inwardly
or outwardly, as” inflammations i. in the eyes, 8c. im pofthumes alfo, and hot eo:
_ to drink the decoétion of the leaves or flowers made with water in wine, or | oe
= ply them poultice- Wife to ‘the gtieved place s at ‘Tikewile ealeth pains in the head iy
caufed through want of fleep, being applied 3 in the fame t manner, or ‘with oil oF s roles, ;
A drachm-weight of the dried leaves or flowers ‘of ‘violets (bur ‘the teaves’ ‘more
fironely) doth purge the body of choleric hamours, and affuageth the heat, |

taken in a draught of wine or any other drink. The powder of the purple leaves. of
the flowers only, picked and driéd, ‘and drunk in water, is faid to help the guinfey,
and the falling ficknefs'in children, efpecially in the beginning of the difeate, The

: flowers of the Wists violets a and diffolve ee oN
eS BPP 31115) 9 : gat i an

ss a DusexrmoN., THI Sehath. ‘many Jat a iss veg ig as poues! p>!
d es ry rough-as if they-were thick) fet
A< rough, hairy, or prickly, fad-green,
part being bee The flowers

Sige Be Bhei So Bet eee # ipetae! Beis i 79 ees 5 Ee |e i be | Ka age 5
jing or orca ng oh are ocr ? Ri Pweg ce clio
c bie

Sees 3

: JE bowi
violet colour.in th them’

| flowers are fallen, tt ane ed:

=
=

é

382 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

fomewhat like the head of avine. The root is fomewhat great, and blackifh, and
; —s when it groweth toward feed-time ; and perifheth in the winter. een
| There is another fort, little Uidierin from the former; wd in that i it je beste

Whit flowers. .
“Piacz. The firft groweth vila almoft every where, T ‘de ak whit flowers
a about Lewes, in Suffex, 2 9 ; Pn ee

Pe ah, *

Time. ‘They flower in fammer, and their feed i is ripe quickly after.

Coven wwhey AND Virtees, This is an herb of the Sun, ‘Tt isan dpeciige™

medy againft the biting of the viper and all other venomous bealts or ferpents, as .
m _againtt poifon and poifonous h herbs.

s- Diofcorides and others fay, that whofoever fhall
xe of the herb or root before they be bitten fhall not be hurt by the poifon. of al y
“ferpent. ‘The roots or feed are thought t to be moft.. effectual to comfort the heart,
and expel fadnefs, or caufe lefs melancholy ; 3 it tempers the blood, and allayeth hot
_ fits of agues. The feed drunk in wine procureth abundance of milk in women’s
eet breajts. The fame alfo eafeth the pains in the loins, back, _and kidneys. The dif
tilled 1 water of the herb when it is in flower, is excellent to” ee applied, either ine
wardly or outwardly, for all the griefs aforefaid. There is a fyrup made thereof,

: red effectual for comforting the heart, and expelling fadnefs a and melancholy. a

£

4

‘ ‘ . =.

A £

y YALL- FLOWERS, on WINTER GILLY¥-FLOWERS.

Sk ath ade

e
4
-

gscRipTion. The common as wall-flowers, Bob wild abroad, have ~
{mall, long, narrow; and dark-green, leaves, fet without order upon fmall
d whitith sae tala which bear at the tops divers fingle yellow fiowers one.
; sean of avery

Riman Whent.

Wold, or Dyers weed. Common Wheadé.

A| ae ss
Se ~~, oe Z ——

Be er sr 7
Winter Gilly Flower. “Stock villy Flower:

a eetates
lommon Vilow.

White Willow.

Head.

ae

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 383

GovERNMENT AND Vixtuzs, The Moon rules them. Galen, in his feventh
book of fimple medicines; faith, that the yellow wall-flowers: work more powerful-
ly than any of the other kinds, and-are therefore of more 'ufe in phyfic.’ They’
cleanfe the blood and free the liver and reins from “obftruétions, ftay inflamma-
tions and fwellings, comfort and ftrengthen any weak part, or! out of joint; help to
cleanfe the eyes from miftinefs and films, and to cleanfe fou) and filthy ulcers in the:
mouth, or any other part, and are a fingular remedy for the gout, and all’ achs and’
pains in the joints and finews. A conferve made of the flowers is ufed for a iets
both for the apoplexy and palfy. |

YPM By Re BER Wis

IT is fo well known, that it needeth no defcription.

Time. It bloffometh early, before the leaves come forth; and the fruit is ripe
in September.

GovERNMENT AND Virtues. This is a plant of the Sun; let the fruit of it be
gathered accordingly, which you fhallfind to beof molt virtue whilft they are green,
before they have fhells. The bark of the tree doth bind and dry very much, and
the leaves are much of the fame temperature; but the leaves, when they are older,
are heating and drying in the fecond degree, and harder of digeftion than when they
are frefh, which by reafon of their fweetnefs are more pleafing and better digefting’
in the ftomach ; and, taken with {weet wine, they move the belly downwards ; but,
being old, they grieve the ftomach, and in hot. bodies caufe choler to abound, and
the head-ach, and arean enemy to thofe that have a cough; butare lefs hurtful to
thofe that -have colder ftomachs, and are faid to kill the broad worms in the belly
or ftomach, If they betaken with onions, falt, and honey, they help the biting of
a mad dog, or the venom or infeCtious poifon of any beaft, &c. Coneus Pompeius /
found in the treafury of Mithridates, king of Pontus, when he was overthrown, a |
fcroll of his own hand-writing, containing a medicine againft any poifon and infec- \
tion, which is this: take two dry walnuts, and as many good figs, and twenty leaves |
of rue, bruifed and beaten together with two or three corns of falt, and twenty ju- a
niper-berries ; which, taken every morning fafting, preferveth’from danger of poifon |
or infection that day it is taken, The juice of the outer green husks, boiled up
with honey, is anexcellent gargle for fore mouths, the heat and inflammations in the
throat and ftomach, The kernels, when they grow old, are more oily, and therefore
not fo fit to be eaten, but are then ufed to heal the wounds of the finews, gangrenes,
andcarbuncles. The faid kernels, being burned, are then very aftringent, and will

No. 26. 5G then

384 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

then ftay lasks and women’s courfés, being taken in red wine ;, and. flay the falling
of the hair, and make it fair, being anointed with oil and wine. The green husks
will do the like, being. ufed in the fame manner.) The kernels, beaten with rue and
wine, being applied, help the quiniey 5 ;.and, bruifed with honey, and applied to the
ears, cafe the pains and inflammations of them... A piece of the green husk, put into
a hollow tooth, eafeth the pain. The oil that is preffed out of the kernels is very
profitably taken inwardly, like oil of almonds, to help the cholic, and to expel wind;

an ounce or two thereof may be taken atatime. The young green nuts, taken be-
fore they be half ripe, and preferved with fugar, are of good ufe for thofe that have
weak ftomachs, or defluxions thereon, The diftilled water of the unripe green husk
is of excellent ufe to cool the heat of agues, being drunk an ounce or two at atime,
as alfo to refift the infeétion of the plague, if fome of it be alfo applied to the fores
thereof. The fame likewife cooleth the heat of green wounds and old ulcers, and
healeth them. The diftilled water of the green husks, when they are fhelled from
the nuts, being drunk with a little vinegar, is alfo found by experience to be good for
thofe that are infetted with the plague, fo as before the taking thereof a vein be open
ed. The faid water is very good againft the quinfey, being gargled and bathed there-

with, and wonderfully helpeth deafnefs, the noife and other pains in the ears... The
diftilled water of the young green leaves, in the end of May, performeth afingular

cure on foul running ulcers and fores, to. be bathed with wet cloths or fpunges apphi-

ed to aie every morning. 5 denial

2, WOLD, WELD, OR DYERS WEED. ;

: Desenirri0w- THE common kind eaves sacking. ee many are 5 a
harrow, and flat, upon the ground, of'a dark bluifh-green colour, fomewhat like unto

=e oad, bot nothing fo large; ‘a little crumpled, and as it were round-pointed, which —
== _ dofo abide ‘the firft year: and, the next fpring, from among them rife divers round
=F fall two or | three feet high, befet with many fuch-like leaves thereon, but fmaller,

= a ad fh ooting forth fome fmall branches, which with the ftalks-carry many {mall yel+
Tow flowe ina okie head at the: on of treet se eee comesthe

aa sua ad it hath been j in aserc alates, 5 thets aasie
a it groweth every where by the way-fides, in moitt seroitamas as 5 salt weet,

in come of fields and by-lanes, and fometimes all over ‘eis ee Sh Suiits and
iRetbey cal Renee | we ti tis pfesete4t

Ay

Time.

AND: COMPLETE ee ee

Time.» It flowereth about June

GovERNMENT AND Virtues.” “Mathiolus faith, thatthe root heteof cutteth tough
phlegm, digefteth raw phlegm, thinneth grofs humoors, diffolverh hard tumours,
and openeth obftructions, Some highly commend it againit the bitiags of .veno-
mous creatures, to be taken inwardly, and applied otitward ly to the hurt place; as
alfo for the plague or peftilence. The people in fome parts of England bruife the
bet, and fay i it to cuts or wounds in the hands or legs. |

385

Chad ee

ALL the felreral keind’ hereof 2 are'fo well mow: unto al people, that 2 dei,
tion is unneceffary.

GovERNMENT AND Virtues. ‘It is under Venus. Disktorde faith, thar, to cat
the corns of green wheat is hurtful to the ftomach, and breedeth worms. Pliny aich,,
that the corns of wheat roafted upon an iron pan, and eaten, are a prefent remedy,
for thofé that are chilled with cold.” ‘The oil, preffed from wheat between two thick
plates of iron or copper heated, healeth all tetters and r ringworms, being ufed l warm,
and hereby Galen faith he hath known many to be cured.» Mathiolus comme:
the fame oil to be put into hollow ulcers to heal them up, and it is good for chops
in the hands or feet, and to make a rugged skin fmooth. The green | corns of wheat
being chewed, and applied to the place bitten by a mad. dog, heal it: flices of wheat.
bread foaked in red rofe-water, and applied to the eyes that are hot, red, inflamed, :
or blood-fhotten, help them. Hot bread, applied for an hour at a time for three
days together, perfeétly healeth the kernels in the throat commonly called the king’s
evil. The flour of wheat, mixed with the juice of henbane, fayeth the flux of
humours to the joints, being laid thereon. The faid meal boiled i in vinegar, help-
eth the fhrinking of the finews, faith Pliny; and, mixed with vinegar and honey
. boiled together, healeth all freckles, fpots, and pimples, on the face, Wheat- flour
mixed with the yolk of an egg, honey, and turpentine, doth draw, Cleanie, and heal, .
any ‘bile; plague-fore, ‘or foul ulcer. ‘The bran of wheat-meal ‘feeped in harp
vinegar, .and-then bound in’a linen cloth, and Tubbed ¢ on thole places that have .
the fourf, morphew, feabs, or leprofy, will takethein away, the body being frit well

purged and prepared. The decoétion of the bran of wheat or barley is oe good ule
to bathe thofe secs that are burften bya fupture ; ‘and the faid bran boiled i in =: oc gt

-apE fw breafts, ‘helpeth them, and ftayeth all inflam mations,
Iv. helpech aifo thé icins of viper and ‘all other venomous Creatures. _The,lea ayes.
of wheat-meal, applied with falt, take away hardnefs of the skin, warts, and hard .
ria? I @

~ kaots %

386 CULPEPER’ss ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

knots in the flefh. Wafers, put in water and drunk, ftay the lafk and bloody flux,and
are profitably ufed both inwardly and outwardly for ruptures in children. Boiled
in water unto a thick jelly, it ftayeth fpitting of blood ; and, boiled with mint and
butter, it helpeth hoarfenefs.

dl wn saath! COW O'R, ee

GovERNMENT AND Virtues. THE Moon owns it. The Jeaves, bark, and
feed, are ufed to ftaunch bleeding at nofe and mouth, {pitting of blood, and all other
fluxes of blood in man or woman, and to {tay vomiting, and provocation thereunto,
if the decoétion of them in wine be drunk. It helpeth alfo to ftay thin, hot, fharp,
falt, diftillations from the head upon the lungs, caufing a confumption. The leaves
bruifed with fome pepper, and drunk in wine, much help the wind cholic. The leaves
bruifed, and boiled in wine and drunk, ftay the heat of luft. The water that is ga-
thered from the willow when it flowereth, the bark being flit, is very good for red-
nefs and dimnefs of fight, for films that grow over the eyes, and ftay the rheums that _
fall intothem ; to provoke urine, being ftopped, if it be drunk ; and to clear the face |
and skin from fpots and difcolourings. Galen faith, the flowers have an admirable
faculty in drying up humours, being a medicine without any fharpnefs or corrofion.
The bark works the fame effects, if ufed in the fame manner ; and the tree hath al-
ways bark upon it, though not always flowers. The burnt afhes of the bark, being

‘mixed with vinegar, take away warts, corns, and fuperfluous fleth. The decoétion
of the leaves or bark in wine takes away fcurf, or dandriff, by wafhing the place with

it. Icis.a fine cool tree, the boughs of which are very convenient to be placed inthe
_ Chamber of one fick of a fever.

W OA D.
| ibaa. IT hath divers large Leaues long, and fomewhat broad, like
thofe of the greater plantane, but larger, thicker, of a greenifh colour, and fomewhat
blue; from among which leaves rifeth up a lufty ftalk, three or four feet high, with
divers leaves fet thereon; the higher the {talk rifeth, the fmaller are the leaves: at
the top it fpreadeth into divers branches, at the end of which appear very pretty
little yellow flowers, which, after they pals away, come husks, long, and fomewhat

flat; in form they refemble a tongue; in colour, they are black, and hang down-

wards, The feed contained within thefe husks, if i it be a little chewed, gives an azure
colour. The root is white and long,

Pic
od

matter: \ 2 eee a
Garden Woad. Wild Woad.

Fs A. eo f,

Woodbine.

y

a

¥ e
r z rr
: gt: tC 4 eS ce: . a3
;

aq
+ “ “7
A)
+A }

\ —a 5. A
ae | Ss t
5 ' ;

eh
of :
Fs G/ #
BS eh ey
—— ~ /
St ix e
=e
5

PR LATS : 7
pin Wer merged, Creat Blue Wer

if ee) ;

( —— eer
Sea Wormwood .

lommen Wormwood.
oe

£3

eet

JImti Boo Wolfbane. Villow Wolfbane..

Ane
en

i | AND COMPLETE HERBAL. 387
_ Peace. It is fowed in fields for the apne of i ts Wate thofe that fow i it cut it “
ee times ayear. © » é |

Time. It flowereth in June, iees it is long uit before the feed is ripe. ,

Government ann Virturs. ftisa cold and dry plant of Saturn. © ‘Sch pe. $
ie affirm the plant to be deftructive to bees. They. fay it poffefféth bees with the
flux ; but that I can hardly believe, unlefs bees be! contrary to all other creatures 5
‘Tfhould rather think i it poffeffeth pete with the oqprery difeate, the “| her!

cure is to Sak urine a them, but en it in fuch ave eff el row vn :
felves, which may be remedied, if you put pieces és ; ‘cork in’ it. told y you ‘the
herb is fo drying and binding, that ic is not fit tobe given inwardly. An‘ ointment
made thereof ftauncheth bleeding. A platter made thereof, and applied to the re- -
gion of the fpleen, takes away the hardnefs and pains. thereof. The ointment is ex-
~~ cellent good in fuch ulcers as abound with moifture, and takes away corroding and
Ra _ fretting humours. It eee. encheth St. rapes: 5 ao and he

Biivas west AND J Vanes, It is et he rb of paket and ge a to
a. a tags the celeftial Crab claims dominion over ‘it ~ neither i is it a foe to. the |
. Lion. Icis fitting a conferve, made of ver: of it, were kept in every houfe 5 )
I know no better cure for an afthma ; befides, it takes ‘away the evil of the fpleen,
provokes urine, procures fpeedy delivery to women ; helps cramps, convulfions,
a s, and whatfoever griefs come = cold. or r topping. Made into an oint-
“and a ares or epnesctet

or

X.. a

OUST, ‘ment, it will c clear the fikin of parent?)

ee

388 , CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Mifuenfe, and: masy,more. The feed of this wormwood is that. which afually
women give their children for the worms: of all wormwoods. that grow. here, this

is the weakelt.. The. feeds of the. common. wormwood. are far more prevalent. than” i ‘a

the feed of this. to expel worms in children, or peo ple of ripe age... Of both, fome
are weak, fome are ftrong. - The Seri phiaa wormeed is the weakelt, and haply may
prove to be fitteft for weakeft bodies. Let fuch as are {trong take the common
wormfeed, forthe other will do but little good. Its due praife is this; it is sie
therefore fitter for weak bodies. |
: PLaces It grows familiarly i in England by the ad fide. .; ;
. Dgscrivtion. It ftarts up.out of the earth with many.round woody ite ftalks
from one root; its height is four feet, or three at the leat. ~The leaves arelong,
| narrow, white, hoary, like fouthernwood, only broader and longer, in tafte rather
fale than bitter, becaufe it grows fo near the fale water: at the joints with thelleaves,
: toward the tops, it bears little yellow flowers. .The root lies oe and i is picts SG.
= Common wormwood I need not defcribe. val
Description or Roman Wormwoop. Theftalksare Geabeat and Shenscstbal oa
the common wormwood by one foot at leaft; the leaves are more finely cut anddi-
vided than they are, but fomething fmaller ; both leaves and ftalks are hoary ; the

flowers of a pale yellow colour; it is altogether like the common wormwood, Ar ne

only that it is fmaller, not fo bitter, and of a fweeter {mell. ne ;

Prace.. It groweth upon the tops of the mountains; but is ufually waite upin

| gardens for the ufe of the apothecaries i in London. watt oo
as Time. | All wormwgods ufually flower in Auguft, a Celetmmnis or satel h esoe

— Governmenr xp Virtuss, Wormwood isan herb. of Mars,.It is: hot and ;
dry in the firft degree. viz. juft ashot as your blood, and no hotter... e.remedies

2 _ the evils choler can infli& on the body of man by fympathy ; it helps the evils Ver |

‘hus produces by antipathy ; and it cleanfeth the body of choler. It provokes urine, —
helps furfeits, fwellings in the belly; ic caufeth an appetite tor meat, becaufe Mars

ales the attractive faculty in man: the Sun never fhone upon a better herb
e yellow jaundice than this. Take the flowers of wormwood, rofemary, | and

3 Sa — quantity, half that quantity of faffron, boil this | in Pa

vine, but put not in the faffron till it is almoft boiled : this is the - way 0 :
man’s dody i in hedlth, appointed by Camerarius, in his book, intituled, x
a cus. Befides all this, wormwood provokes the terms.’ Wormwood, a

rooms ar under the dominion of Saturn; ; ifany have ae himfelf Ey a if

Pi nies

a herb of Mars, isa prefent remedy for the biting Of Pate’and mice -Molh- ae

tS aes

AND COMPLETE HERBAL.’ gy
them, wormwood, an herb of Mars, cures him, becaufe Mats is exalted in Capri-
corn the houfe of Saturn ; and this it doth by fympathy. “Wheals, puthes, black
atid blue{pots, coming either by bruifes or beatings, wormwood, the herb of Mars, !
helps. Mars eradicates all difeafes in the throat by his hérbs; (of which wormwood
is'one,) and this by antipathy... The eyes are under the Iuminaries: the right eye
of aman, and the left eye of a woman, the Sun claims dominion over; the left
_eye'of aman, and the right of a woman, are the privilege of the Moon: worm-

woad, an herb of Mars, cures both. Suppofe a man be bitten or ftung by a martial
creature, imagine a wafp, a hornet, or {corpion; wormwood, an herb of Mars, gives
you a prefent cure. Mix a little wormwood with your ink, and neither rats-nor
mice will touch the paper that is written with it: ‘Wormwood is a prefent cure for
the cholic. Moths are under the dominion of Mars; his herb, wormwood, being
laid amang eft clothes, will hinder moths from hurting them. Wormwood is good for
an ague. A draught of wormwood-beer, taken every morning, is a certain pore if
fora teh even} breath. It likewife cures = - a 3 a 6g Ma ieale iam

sgt Boo Dik oni:

‘Descartion. IT hath a root fhining within like alabatter. ‘oe are, - many f
kinds, all extremely pernicious and poifonous; for, if man or beaft be wounded
with arrow, knife, fword, or any other inftrument, dipped i in the j juice of this herb,

they die incurable within half an hour. The reafon this herb | goes by the name, of
wolf-bane was this: men in former ages ‘hunting for wolves ufed to poifon {

of raw flefh with uh der of this Lind and jay them as 5 baits, 2) aay wolves
= eee Bae |

at ce Ke ALL E D alfo Dole-bleed, mil-foil, "and, thoulandeleaf.
~ Diiscr1PTION. . At hath many long leaves fpread upon the ground, and fncly. c cut
and divided into ‘many {mall PAT ts flowers are, m5 white PRP divers green. ftalks e

The eet feems beft for the purple. ;

=

go CULPEPER’ ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

‘Prace. Itis frequent in all paftures.
Time: It flowereth not until the latter end of Auguft.

GovirNMENT AND Virtues. It is under the influence of Venus. An oint-
ment of it cures wounds, and is moft fit for fach as have inflammations. © It {tops the
bloody flux; the ointment of it is not only good for green wounds, but alfo for
ulcers and fiftulas, efpecially fuch as abound with moifture. It ftayeth the fhedding
of hair, . the head being bathed with the decoétion of it. Inwardly taken, it helps
the retentive faculty of the ftomach, and fuch as cannot hold their water. The

leaves, chewed, eafe the tooth-ach ; and thefe virtues put together fhew the. herb to
; bediving and binding.

fff’ veces or JUCCA. Lill

_* Description. -T HIS Indian plant hath a thick tuberous root, fovesdilid i in
time into many tuberous heads, whence fhoot forth many long, hard, and hollow,
leaves, very fharp pointed, compaffing one another at the bottom, of a greyifh green.
colour, abiding continually, or feldom falling away, with fundry hard threads run-
ning in them, and, being withered, become pliant to bind things. From the midft
thereof {pringeth forth a ftrong round ftalk, divided into fundry branches, where-
on ftand divers fomewhat large white flowers, hanging downwards, confifting of fix
Jeaves with divers veins, of a weak reddifh or bluifh colour, fpread on the back of
three outer leaves, from the middle to the bottom, not reaching to the sa, oh: any
leaf; which abide not long, but quickly fall away. 1-bie
_ PLaczanp Time. It groweth in divers places of the Wet Indies, as in Vie f ni
iad New England, and flowers about the latter end of July. 03 gh eae
‘or ron VARA AS, There hath no property hereof conducible to phyfical ssies as s yet been
. _ sheard.of, but fome of its vices. The natives in Virginia ufe, for bread, the roots here-
Of... The raw juice is dangerous, if not deadly. - It is very probable that the Indians
Se seetwis — the heads of their darts with this Bcose: which sre a wef oe

AND COMPLETE HERBAL, 391

Or GATHERING, DRYING, anp PRESERVING, PLANTS,
HERBS, anp FLOWERS.

THE LEAVES OF HERBS OR TREES,

FU SE only fuch as are green and full of juice, pick them sper —- ‘
away fuch as are detlining, for they will putrify the reft.” 2s

Note in what place they moft delight to grow, and gather them there; Sua! eng

: that grows in the fhadow is far better than that which grows in the fun, becaufe it de-

lights in the fhadow : fo alfo fuch herbs as delight to grow near the water fhould be

gathered near the water, though you may find fome of them upon dry ground.

The leaves of fuch herbs as run upto feed are not fo good when they are in flower
as before, (fome few excepted, the leaves of which are feldom or never ufed :) in fuch
cafes, if through ignorance they were not Known, or through eer forgotten,
you had better take the top and the Aower than the leaf.

Dry them well in the fun, ‘and not in the fhadow, for, if the fun aie away the
virtues of ‘herbs, it muft needs do the like by hay; which the eriphennt: = re
sae as farmer willexplode as a vulgar error.

“Let the planet that governs the herb be angular, and the ftronger the reeves th
herbs of Saturn, let Saturn bein the afcendant; in herbs of Mars, let Mars be in the
mid-heaven, for in thofe houfes they delight: let the Moon apply to them by good
afpeét, and let her not be in the houfes of their enemies; if you cannot — beds aed
the apply to them, let her’ be with a fixed ftar of theirnature*,

Having well dried them, put them up in brown-paper bags, and pee them not
too hard together, and keep them ina dry place near the fire. As forthe duration of
dried herbs, a juft time cannot be given, for,. firft, fuch as grow upon dry grounds
will keep better than fuch as grow on moift ; fecondly, fuch herbs as are full of juice’
will not keep fo long as fuch as are drier, thirdly, fuch herbs as are well dried
will keep longer than fuch as are ill dried. Yet by this you may know when they
are corrupted, viz. by their lofs of colour, or fmell, or both; and, if they be corrupt. ~
ed, reafon will tell you that they muft needs corrupt the bodies of thofe people that
‘take them. - pmo ota all the leaves i in the hour * that planet —_ |
pas! area” Lad ete Bee... ; é

¢ Forsthis mot sesndeafal operation cere sernihcte, fc, sided open
fublunary, fee. toy TWhafbration of the Ovcult Sciences, or, Doéirine of the Stars, | nie

No, 26, ; aes a3 ae eee DF

aC § «SO CU LL PEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

de 7 ~V " . : : f oO WOO Tare
Le 200%

4} Siginsxs ic}: eihmat SOR yRokcO.WAB-RS 900i a

T H E Boge: which is the beauty of the plant, and of none of the leatt ule i in
phyfic, groweth yearly, and it is to be gathered when it is in its prime,

As for the time of gathering them, let the planetary hour, and the plant they come
ef, be obferved, as above directed; as for the time of day, let it be when. the fun
fhines upon them, that they may be dry; for, if you gather either flowers or herbs
when they are wet ordewy, they will not keep. Dry them well in the fun, and keep
them in papers near the fire. So long as they retain their colour and {mell they are
ood either of them bree gone, fo is their virtue alfo.

+ ia

OF SEEDS, ojswl

THE feed is that part of the plant which is endued with faculty to bring fortis ae
like, and it contains potentially the whole plant itfelf. od ab
As for place, let them be gathered from the places where they delight to grow.
Let them be fully ripe when they are gathered, and forget not the celeftial harmony
before-mentioned, for I have found by experience that their virtues are twice as great
at fuch times as others: there is an appointed time for every thing under the dun.
When you have gathered them, dry them a little in the fun before you Jay themap.
. ‘Tou need not be fo careful of keeping them fo near the fire as the other before-men-
tioned; becaufe they are fuller of fpirit, and therefore not fubject to corrupt, AS
ter the time of their duration, it is palpable they will keep a.great many yearss,Yels
: they are © belt the firft year, and this 1 make appear by a good, argument, they, ay
4 fooneft the firft year they be fet, therefore then are ssid in their si
: sway matter to renew them yearly. 2 at Aig oved
also eb eclistrgt-<isi: ; bina jue near

OF ROOTS. a3 bal

OF roots, chufe fuch as are neither rotten nor worm-eaten, but proper in their
atte; eotouy, and fmell; fuch as exceed neither in foftnefs nor hardnefS.

“Give t me: ear e here to deny the vulgar opinion, that the fap: falls. ‘down ‘into. the
| root in ‘the autumn, and rifes ; again in the fpring, as men go to bed at ‘night, and rife
: again in the morning ; ; which idle tale of untruth is fo grounded in the heads, not only
of the vulgar, but alfo of the learned, that men cannot drive it out by reafon: ‘If the
fap fall into the root in the fall of the leaf, and lie there all the winter, then 1 i |

AND COMPLETE HERBAL. © - 393

soot grow only in the winter, asexperience witneffeth : but the root grows not at all

in winter, as the fame experience teacheth, but only in the fummer ; for example: If
you fet an apple-kernel in the fpring, it will grow to a pretty bignefs in that fummer,

and be no bigger next fpring: the truth is, when the Sun declines from the tropic of
Cancer, the fap begins to congeal both in toot and branch; when he téucheth the’
tropic of Capricorn, and afcends to us-ward, it begins'to get crap again se. 5 depos,

as it congealed.

‘The drier time you gather your roots in, the better they are’: for they have “a
lefs excrementitious moifture in them. Such roots as are foft fhould be dried in the’
fun,or elfe hang them inthe chimney corner upon a ftring : a8 for fuch as are‘hard,’
you may drythem any where. Such roots as are large will keep longer than fuehias
are {mall: yet moft of them will keep a year. Such roots as are foft fhould be
always kept near the fire ; and take this general rule for it, if in winter you find any
of your roots, herbs, or flowers, begin to grow moift, as many times they will, (for
it is beft to look tothem once a month,) dry them by a very gentle fire ; or, if tr
can with copvenience ae them near the fire, you may fave this trouble.

OF BARKS.

BARK S which pins ufe in medicines are of three forts: of frit ‘of
roots, of boughs. te

*The barks of fruits are to he taken abel the Sar are full. ripe, as -omuees, a 7
‘mons, &c. The barks of trees are beftgathered in thefpring, if it be of great trees,
‘a8 oaks, or thé likes becaufe then they come eafieft off, and fo you may dry chemi
you p Jeafe “but your beft way isto gather all barks only for prefent ufe,. -
OAS Givin Bak IE WARS: it is thus to be gotten: calc tive chetesut tla Darel
have pith in them, as parfley fennel, &c. flit them in the middle, and when you have
‘taken out the pith (which you may eafily and quickly do) that which remains is cal.
led the bark, and is only to be ufed. s

tied si asqosq sud sotea-nooO>F, ol AGB Se x

- HUICES ares bepreifed out of herbs when they are young and tender, and
aloof fome fal and tender tops ofBerbs and plants, and alfo of fome fi

., Having gathered the | herb you would preferve the j juice of, when it is very : oe

: it, well in a ftone nortar with | a “wooden pettle , then, having put it fy
bro it . prefs it hax is a prefs, then take the juice and clarify it, gia otey Se ee

a3 o1ai tia

ya CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

«When you have clarified it,and it is cold, put it into a glafs, and put fo much oil.
on it as will cover it the thicknefs of two fingers; the oil will {wim at top, and fo

keep the air from coming to putrify it; or, inftead of oil, when you have clarified
the juice as before, boil it over the fire till (when cold) it be te thicknefs of honey :
then tie it down elofe, and keep it for ufe.

Whatever you gather of plants, herbs, fruits, flowers, roots, barks, feeds, &e,
for medicinal purpofes, either for diftillation, fyrups, juleps, decoétions, oils,
electuaries, conferves, preferves, ointments, and the like, muft be gathered when

they are in the greateft vigour and fulleft perfeétion ; for in that ftate only are they —

fit to be applied for the reftoration and prefervation of our health, and, when they
are applied, Jet it be done under the fympathetic influence of planets participating

in the fame nature; the benefits of which are fo amply demonftrated in my Difplay
of the Occult Sciences,

END or THE HERBAL.

ae

-

( 395 )

Page. arduus Benedictus. Ire
x MARA Dulcis - 49 Carrots te Je ~ » - 383
Aliecal 80 = 50 PCarraway - - 115
Alkanet - - gx jeCelandine ° « ibid.
v Adder’s Tongue * - 52 wCelandine, Leffer - 117
/Agnmony - - 53 entaury, Ordinary - 118
x Oe airy Water - 54 Cherry-Tree + S 55
AAichoof - - 5S herries, Winter - 12
Alexander - - 56 wR&hervil - - 121
Alder, Black - 57. \@Chervil, Sweet - 122
“Alder, Common - 58 | Chefnut-Tree + ibid,
x gelica - - 59} Chefnut, Earth { =. 123°
“Amaranthus - 61 | Chick Weed + - tbid.
v gal Anemone See 62 |. Chick Peafe . - 124
#Arrach, Garden . 63 | Cinquefoil = - - ibid.
wArrach, Wild - - zbid. |\¥Cives - - 125
Archangel s+ « 64 | Clary - - ibid.
WA rfefmart ae - 65 | Clary, Wild - - 126
Artichokes fs (9 Ba 198 | Cleavers - - 127
Affarabacca- « - 66-| Clown’s Wound-wort - 128
J GAM paragus : * 67 @&ock’s Head - er 129
“Alparagus, Prickly a 68 | Columbines (40. + ibid.
Ath-Tree - - zéed. | Coltsfoot Gf ~ 130
wA\vens - % 69 | Comfrey - - thid.
Almond-Tree ~ - 70 | Coral Wort > 131
“Aconitum a - 7x | Coftmary - - 132
“A loes ; ~ ibid. | Cudwee - ibid.
XR tBawm 26 = e 72 | Cowfllips - - 133
“Barberry rea - 73} Crabs’ Claws - 134
“Barley * ibid, | Cretfes, Black -. tid,
9) Bafil = 74 \ Cretlfes, Sciatica og 135
~Bay-Tree —37 . ‘oe 75 Crefles, Water 40 136
Beans = e "6 | Crofs Wort - ae
. =. Fren - 77 tae - : ec
ed Straw . 8 | Cuckow Pint - 13
Beets Slot’ se Cucumbers - - 140
~Betony, Water. «. . 80 | Cubebs - - ibid.
j xk ~Betony, Wood -. $x | Currants — - - 141
Beech-Tree. - - $2 | Cocoanut-Tree. - 142
; “Bilberries IL es 83 | Coffee - = 143
-/< Byfoile “ _ 84 | Cyprefs ee ae tid.
Birch. aYte 0) _< ibid. | Cedar-Tree / a _ 144
Bird’s Foot zi ra 85 | Ciftus— Peles, - * 3146
hc Prod s Weed 7 36 | Cockel Wes a - 147
“Wo. Bittort = ibid. | Coriander - - 148
ia as- - 8 | Coloquintida - - tbid.
a Blights 3 . 89 | Cornel-Tree .. 149
“Borage and Buglofs ‘ go | Carob-Tree ° 159
“Blue-bottle é - og: | Caffia Fiftula - = 150°
~ “Brank Urfine ot gz | Coral Se - 151
~~ Briony é “ ibid. | Daifies e = 00nd
“Brooklime a —_— o4 Dandelion /2 <. AO: id
Butcher's Broom gs {| Darnel - <a 153
Toom and Broomrape— - 96 | Dill , Og. ibid,
Bunter Plantain - 97 | Devil's Bit. - “s a4
uck m - - ‘ 8 Patt Sa foe * f $55
*, Bugle -- ae ax eee ;
“Burnett. <= : 99 | Dog Grafs - 156
“Butter Bur 4 “ 101 | Dove’sFoot = ° 157
“Burdock “ é ibid. | Duck’s Meat 158
~ “Buck Wheat fe 102 | Down, or $0.8 Thiftle - ibid.
res Weed - 103 | Dragons . * ibid.
4 Ps x04 | Dunch Down. ‘
§ CS crete and Coleworts 105 | Dwarf Plane-Tree . bd
olewort, Sea ‘ 106 | Double Tongue 1/33 +
. =Callamint = at 107 Daffodill, White -
“chamomile eo 108. Larges 3 Yellow - pe:
yh? = eS —
RESE.S ea: Ss Sh | Diam of Ody /307 ‘as

Fennell. «

Di&amaum,

Falfe je
Elder-Tree

eee Soret

Elm-Tree_
Endive. ao id
etcompane..
Erngo
Eyebrigh

, Eyheatee. -
Eryfimum
Euphorbia -

Fern
Fern, Water (0.

Feverfew

Fennell, Sow . -
Figwort ~~ }
Fiipendula ¢¢ *- | «
Fig-Tree é =yle
Fleawort - ->
Fleabane oe ee
Flax Weed,
lix Weed * 7 oe -
Fiuellin - -
Flower-de-Luce -
Fox Gloves - -
Fumitory - -
Furze-Buth Wee. ae
Fenugreek oe -
Fiftick-Nuts -
Flax ~~ -
Fir-Tree flee
Garlicky /) = -

Gilly Flowers, Clove --
Germander ee

Gladwin, Stinking. -
Golden Rod

iv te -
d we

Gilly Flowers, Stock
Gilly Flowers, Yellow :

oe

Heart’s Eafe = =
Hart’s Tongue --
Hazel-Nut . -
Hawkweed -
Hawthorn = -
Hemlock = -
Hemp ~ -

Honeywort:
yfop, ei oO ~e
yfop =

A 8 a Black
Herb Robert “oe
Herb Truelove —

a #

a -

Gentian - >

Gout Herb * -
Gromet -
Goofeberry Bulh- -
Green, Winter -. =
Groundfel =, = -
Galangat - - -

Henbane - -—

INDEX Te THE HERBS anv PLANTS,

396 INDEX To tHe H
a - ; E ER B S ann PP 4-4
‘Iw =: £00 Page. NTS.
Juniper ‘ 212 | Nutmeg-T Page
= x ops - 1 ree ¥
Suiube-Tree : eS tbid. Nipplewort crea 271 | Sauce-alone } \
ndian Leaf. - : 213 | Navelwort. --> x 270%) Savory, Wi me Be i
idney Wort SB 21s | Oak - * 269 * Savine - yeas Ane Sunumers
Knapweed - 216 | Oats : a 272 Saxifrage Ww 7
Knot-grafs . S 217 | One-blade 2 tbid.” | Saxifra é it *
Kali s ~ 218 Orchis Roney 88 and 273” RE sed - -
Love Apple‘ a . tid. WOnions” s * “274°| Scurvy Grafs :
adies’ iatle “ 227 Orpine = se rbid.* Self-heal S) -
vender ‘4hb 21g | Olive-Tree s 275+ | Service-Tr
Lavender Cotton etna Orange-Tree : ’ 276" Shepherd’s Pi ee
eo Smocks < jor arfley = - 278 4mallage ‘a +
PE Sot a 3 wid. | Pert Parfley a 280 Sopewort i
- Lilly, Water 2 a Parfnip a 5 281 Sorrel a
tilly of the Valley eae id. | Parfnip, Cow : tbid. | Sorrel, Wood _
+ lly, White : 205 WPeach-Tree = - s 282 | Sow-thiftle :
rh ett 1753 x ibid. Pear-Tree = a 28 Southern-w ys
ver Wort | yo bide ‘Pellitory of Spain - * 284 | Spignel be "
‘Toot rife ~ - tld. ellitory of the Wall 2 285 | Spleen-wort Z r
© rife with fpiked Heads Ste taney en : “ti Star-thiftle tog
; . a iony, ef 2 Straw . =
: 414 ce 227 | Pep ré f = and Feminine 283 Pe tale idee 7
YS Lath te ad 130 : j : Perriwinkle * 2 289 Stonecro : 7%
‘ L us - “ Secs St. Peter's Wort ~* = 2go | Sarfaparila ;
: pee ree, = : 229 | Pimpernel sae 291 | Saunders .
aK en-Tree |. - : 239 | Pine, Ground = x ibid. | Scamon af:
To ¢ Flower - 231 Plantane = 292 Sebefter. “ ;
-Lupines b 232 | Plumbs - = : 293 | Sebette 7
Osea : 2d. * ss 235 Pollipody ~ = 294 | Sena Bs wild =
a Hair - 236 | Poplar-tree x - 295 | Sycamore-T Ral
ae — Hair, White - Peel _ Poppy 2 ee 296 Spikenard pers
a es Hair, Golden- | « gk irflane ‘a = 297 | Storax-Tree 4 ‘
achat tine 240 del eee = % Se z00 | Swallow-wort “m
bid. | Privet = 2 361 | Tobacco, En lith
ns pe ‘si
} — - hid eS ami T ee ne
Pepper, G : z 2 ea
ui 303 | Tanfy ' 5
sia -Tree ae . 305 ahh par - = a
omegranate- ~ og | Th , eae 2S
tQuoet of the Meatows SE Te a ee
Quick-grafi 312 | Thi me oo hae ene
Radih”. S i = ori Tre 2 Fuller’s* : yt Ss
Ragwort a = at Thorn, rings ge a |
| Rattle-grafs ee 315 | Thorough-wax +:
‘Retft-harrow - 316 Thyme * . f
Rocket: . ai é 317 pThyme, Wild sp
Rocket, Winter ees 318 sAormentil z w
-Rofes - << 319 | Turnfole Setieds
Rofa Solis : it? der vetoit, Meade,
peed . . = 322 wl refoil, Heart
‘Rhubarb, Se : 36 ie | i Nipesg Part 4 =
O) rr a
Sol Spiaberbt Batard >) Sse ene ee
an | Rice = . tid. tale OE
“Mealy ? , Meadow" > 330 | Vine mere
Mealy _ roid. se , Garden Le 37 ‘Miolets ers
M nc 2 epee wert ~ as 323 “Viper’s Buglofs
Mandake™ Baths. es me . Jif Wall Flowers, or-
ai digi: ? ‘hica, G 3. abid, | Winter Gilly Flowers.
Nailwort ibid. | Safir. Anipiscs! - Dg eae” ;
Nap = ‘ oct Weare i ba i a Dyer’s Weed
pea ee , 334. | Willow. |
ame Peniia. - at ‘Bina sSelo 335 Woad bay
Ht ce, eadly = a he a mphire - 6 WV 2 ae
ae Wal eee gio Savor eee
~ ~ . Saracen’ sc ont ‘ #4 thid.
scuepoaiiee eset

a

‘ Doda Bein & a4

C72 "f alpipirs.

rane e

}

ee | 7 PPLE ETT = wie See . B oil ab
CW Of Wee Celestial, Vfl PO??? the, re body OF : Mr10,tts tees pratod

y “SNE ise Be LODE
Tamily hysiwan, and Slleys Oreille S0OCees

CULPEPER’:
ENGLISH PHYSICIAN;

AND COMPLETE. ;

TO WHICH ARE NOW FIRST ADDED,

epi of One Hundred additional H E_
WITH A DISPLAY OF THEIR

_ MEDICINAL ann OCCULT PROPERTIES,

PHYSICALLY APPLIED TO

ra

"The CURE of all DISORDERS incident to MANKIND. —

es TO WHICH ARE ANNEXED,
RULES for compounding MEDICINE according to the true ee of NATU

FORMING A COMPLETE

FAMILY fe Fol an.
And Natural SYSTEM of PHYSIC, € |

ENGRAVINGS of upwards of Four Hundred and Fifty different PLANTS,
And a SET of ANATOMICAL FIGURES.

Auso, An ASTRONOMICAL ILLUSTRATION of THE CELESTIAL INFLUX
ON THE HUMAN FRAME, 3 . :

‘ oe

gee

THe MEDICAL - a me 4

= E. SIBLY, Fellow of the Harmonic Philofophical Society at P ARIS;
of the —— ILLUSTRATION of the OCCULT SCIEN

“ THE PROPER STUDY*OF MANKIND—1IS MAN"

L 0 N Do N;

OR THE : AUTHOR, AND SOLD AT THE BRITIS
AND BY CHAMPANTE AND WHITROW,

CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

CONTAINING THE

ae Caer 3 as Hk Oras = as en ca = «i

A PHYSICAL ann ASTRONOMICAL DESCRIPTION or MAN,

7 OD, the omnipotent and wife Creator, having made all things out of no-
— thing, and from acrude and undigefted mafs, according to his will, and by

his word, brought all things into a decent frame and majeftic ftructure:
out of a confufed chaos made the heavens and the earth; out of that which wag
dark and void he created light, he feparated the waters from the earth, and gave
bounds to the unruly waves; and indued the dry and barren earth with prolific
virtue, richly adorning it with grafs, herbs, and fruit-trees ; he made the fun, moon,
and ftars, to divide the light from the darknefs, to enlighten and rule both day and
night, to be for figns, and todiftinguifh feafons, days, and years; by his word he
created every living thing that moveth.

Having thus far proceeded in his fo excellent and admirable rimantin of creas
tion, he made Man a fummary of the world’s fabric, afmall draught of the divine
nature : he was made after other creatures, not only as the moft perfect, but as the
fuperintendant and matter, of all things; created Quod dominetur in pifcis maris, et im
volucres cali, et in pecudes, et in univerfam terram, atque in omnia reptilia reptantia fuper
terram: ** To rule over. the fifh in the fea, and over the fowls of the air, and over
cattle, andover the earth, and over every creeping thing.”

26, B In :

2 CULPEPER’ ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

In man he ended his work’; on man he ftamped his feal and fign of his power, on
him he hasimprinted his own image and fuperfcription, his arms and his portraiture,
Dixit Deus, faciamus hominum ad imaginem noftram, fecundum fimilitudinem noftram :* God
faid, Jet us make man in our image, after our likenefs.” In the creation of man,
God feemeth to deliberate and take council with himfelf, how to epitomize and gather
together all his works in fo {mall a compafs, to contract his book of creation into fo —
{mall’a volume. He is called the microcofm, or little world, the recapitulation’ of
all things, the ligament of angels and beafts, heavenly and earthly, fpiritual and cor-
poreal, the perfection‘of the whole work, the honour and miracle of nature. He
created him’ naked, being a pure, neat, and delicate, creature, made up of thin,
fubtile, well-tempered, and feafoned, humours, innocent, and far more beautiful
‘than the ret}

He was created upright, but little touching the earth, quite oppofite to the vegeta-
ble plant, whofe root is therein fixed; far different alfo from the beaft, who isa mean
between a plant and himfelf, and goeth downward, his two extremes tending to the
bounds of the horizon: this upright gait belonging only unto the human fpecies, as
the holieft and moft divine creature, his head tending to the heavens, on which he
looks, and contemplates with grateful adoration the omni potence of his Creator.
- His body being thus formed of pure fubtile earth, as a houfe and habitation for
the foul, God breathed in him the breath of life, and he became a living creatures
fo, in the ordinary generation and formation, which is made of the feed inthe womb,
_ nature obferveth the felf-fame order; the body is firft formed, as well by the elemen-
‘tary force, which is in the feed and the heat of the matrix, as by the celeftial influence
of the fuh ; according to the adage, /ol et homo generant hominem: “ The fun and

man do engender man ;” which is done, according to the opinion of the moft eminent

: -_naturalifts and phyficians, in fuch order that the firft feven days the feed of the man
__.and-the ova of the woman mingle and curdle like cream, which is the beginning ot

“conception ; the fecond feven days, the feed is changed into a formlefs bloody fub-
-ftance, and concoéted into a thick and undigefted mafs of flefh, the proper matter of

othe: child { the next feven days, from this mafs is produced and fafhioned a "

-body,-with the three moft noble parts, viz, the liver, heart, and brain 5 the fourth

‘feven days, ot near thirty, the whole body is perfected,’ jointed, and organized, and

is fit to entertain the foul, which invefts itfelf into the body (according to the beft
authority) about the feven-and-thirtieth or fortieth day: at the’ third month, or
thereabout, the infant hath motion and fenfe ; and at the ninth month is brought
forth. Thefe times cannot be fo exactly prefixed, but that by the ftrength of ae

a

bility of the feed or matrix it may be either haftened or prolonged. But qT

AND FAMILY DISPENSAT ORY. 3

not enter minutely upon this fubject now, but ave a more,particular defcription of
it hereafter. .
. The body of man confifts of a number of bones aii cartilages, which are the bafis
and upholding pillars of the whole fabric, the joints are compacted with many liga-
ments, and are covered with innumerable membranes : the members are fupplied with
above thirty pair of fenfitive nerves, as with little cords; and all filled with as many
arteries, like water-pipes, conveying vital {pirits toall parts; the empty places are fil-

led. up with above four hundred mufcles of different forts, all covered with a fkin.

Man, for whom all things were made, is nourifhed by the balfamic {pirits of vege-
tables, and therefore doth confift of all thefe faculties, that {pring up as a token of
health or ficknefs. The celeftial planets have alfo great influence over him; the
moiftening power of the Moon is reprefented by the marrow which flows from the
brain; inthe genital part is Venus feated , eloquence and comelinefs are the effects ,
of nimble-witted Mercury; the Sun hath a near affinity to the -heart; benevolent
Jupiter hath his feat in the liver, the fountain of nutritive blood ; the fiery fury of
Mars is lodged in the gall; the fpungy and hollow melt, the feat and receptacle of

melancholic humours, is 4 perfect reprefentation of the cold planet Saturn. . I ndeed,
the {pirits of the body do manifeft and hold forth the quinteffence of all things. The
four ‘humours in man anfwer to the four elements : as the bile, which is hot and dry,
reprefenteth the fires hot and moift blood, the air; phlegm, cold and moift, the wa-
ter; cold anddry melancholy, theearth. Man is an admirable creature, the univerfe
and epitome of the world, and the horizon of corporal and incorporal things. I
fhall conclude this part with the faying of Zoroaftes: “‘O man! the workmanfhip

of Re — emit for it is the moft seiiuece maliceince of God's hands ‘”

A DESCRIPTION or THE HEAD,

THE head of man poffeffes the higheft place in the body, and reprefents the
-uppermoft and angelical region : it is the fort of man’s mind, the feat of reafon, the
habitation of wifdom, the place of memory, judgment, and copitation : it containeth
the brain, cold and fpongious by nature, inclofed with two fkins, the one,» more
hard and thick, joining itfelf to the dura mater, the other, more thin and eafy,
wherein lieth the brain inclofed, called pia mater ; it is foft and tender to the brain, and
nourifheth i it, as a loving mother doth her young and tender babe; from the pia ma-
fer iffue the finews and marrow that defcendeth and falleth down through ‘the
vertebre of the back to the reins. In the brain is the feat and throne of the rational

| foul, i in. which a are - very great | number of veins and arteries running through all the
~~ fabftance

+

(38 §§CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

fubftance ‘thereof, adminiftering to the brain both fpirit and life, vital and nutri
mental nourifhment, which comes from the heart and liver by very. minute or
{mall veins and arteries ; and concocted and ré-concoéted, elaborated, and made very
fubtile, pafling through thofe woven and interlaced, turning and winding, in which
labyrinth the vital {pirit, often pafling and repaffing, is perfe€led and refined, and be-
comes animal. . Psa
The pia mater divides the fubftance of the brain into three certain cells and divic
fions, the foremo{t part of which contains the moft, the middle part lefs, ‘and the
hindmoft part the leaft. Inthe foremoft part of the brain imagination is feated ; in
the middle, judgment; in the hindmoft part, memory: imagination ishot and dry in
quality, quick and aétive, from whence it cometh that frantic men, and fuch as are
fick of hot maladies, are excellent in that which belongs to imagination ; many, up-
on fuch a diftemper, have been excellent in poetry and divination ; it never fleepeth,
but is always working, whether the man be fleeping or waking ; and by the vapours
that arifé from theheart, form variety of cogitations, which, wanting the regulation
of judgment, when man ficepeth becomes a dream. ne
Hence it appears that {ubtilety, promptitude, and that which they commonly call”
wit, belongeth to a hot imagination: it is active, ftirring, undertaketh all, and
fets all the reft to work ; it gathers the kinds of figures of things, both prefent, by
_the ufe of the five fenfes, and abfent, by the common fenfe, - . iia

ir fpirits, el{eis the ftate of the reafonable foul worfe than the vegetative or
hich of themfelves are able to exercife their functions. __It_ were abfurd
that fo noble and divine a faculty fhould beg affiftance of fo, vile and cor-
e as the fenfes, which apprehend only the fimple accidents, not the na-
nce, of things ; and, were it fo, it muft follow, that they who have theit
nies mott perfect fhould be moft witty, whereas we many times fee the contrary.
Yet let no one think, that the fpirit hath no fervice from the fenfes, for in the begin-

ning, or difovery and invention of things, the fenfes do much fervice to the spirit,

~ but the fpirit dependeth not upon the fenfes. Some are of opinion, that it 1s hot and

moift in quality, others fay, that a dry temperature is proper to the maa
whereby

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 5

whereby it comes to pafs that aged perfons excel thofe in underftanding that ate
young, becaufe, as years increafe, moifture doth decreafe in the brain ; henee it fol-
loweth, that melancholic perfons, that are afflicted with want, and fa? much, are
wife and ingenions, for heavinefs and fafting are great driers: Splendor ficcus, aninues
. fapientiffinus, vexatio dat inteliefium , “ Feat and draught refine the wir, affliction
giveth underftanding ;* and that is the reafon that great perfons, who feed high, and
take little or no care, that have nothing to vex them, are for the moit Part wot very
wife. :
Bealts that are of a dry temperature, as ants, bees, elephants, &c. are cunning :
and ingenious; on the contrary, they that are of a moift conftitution are ftupid and
without fpirit. Memory is feated in the hinder cell of the brain, as the grand ac-
countant or regifter; fome fay its temperature is cold and dry, and that is thought
to be the reafon why melancholic people have good memories ; others are of opinion
that itis moift, becaufe children have better memories than old men ; men are more
apt for memory in the morning, ‘by reafon of the moifture gained by fleep in the
night ; but, let it be as it may, it is moft certain that thofe who have a good memory
are not in general very wife. eaten, Leite tga ag
~ {tis true, that many have beenexcellent in this faculty. Seneca repeated twothou~ _
fand names as they were firft fpoken 3 he alfo, hearing two hundred verfes, rehearfed :
them, and began at the laft. Cyrus and Scipio knew every foldier’s name in their’
armies. Mithridates learned the languages of two-and-twenty nations. E(dras the
prieft had the whole Jewifh doctrine by heart. Julius Cefar would diate to four
at the fame time ; and, that which is more ftrange, Pliny would dictate to one, hear
another, and read at the fame inftant. As thefe were fo excellent and acute in me-
mory, others were as dull: Atticus could never learn the letters of the alphabet by
heart ; others could not count above four. It is faid, that Theodore Beza, two
years before he died, as helanguifhed, his mind grew fo feeble that he forgot things
prefent, yet he held thofe things which were printed in his mind before-time, when
his underftanding and memory were good. What hall.we fay of Meffalla Cornivus,
who forgot his own name? or Francifeus Barbarus, of Athens, a very learned man in
the Greek tongue, who, having received a blow on the head with a ftone, forgot
his learning, which he had fpent the greateft part of his life-time upon, yet remem-

bered all things elfe ? ‘Thefe things are brought to pafs either by the ftrength or
debility of mer.’s genitures, and from direttions and accidents thence proceeding,
Witand underitanding, and all the faculties of the foul, depend on certain tem-
Perament; and hence it comes to pafs that thofe who are acute and wife in e
things are ftupid and dul in others. | wae,

27. .

C

6 ‘CULPEPER’s "ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

os

(;Qhrei hake: INTERIOR PART Siosirwe HEAD. .

~The fenfitive faculty hi its refidence in the pia mater; it is that which | gives :
virtue to all the particular fenfes, and keeps a harmony amongft them: they are five
in number, viz. fecing, hearing, fmelling, tafting, and feeling; although thefe

. are all united in. one in the brain, yet operatively they are. diftinguifhed in their
Aeveral feats and. places of refidence.

The sicut refides in the, eyes, and particularly in the chryftalline humour; they
are two in number, and collateral, planted in the higheft ftage, or centinels ; they
are the luminaries of the microcofm ; Galen fays, the brain and head were made for
the eye, thatthey might be in the higheft, as a beholder in a tower; they are next
in Nature unto the foul; for in the eye is feen and known the difturbances and
griefs, gladnefs and j joys, of the foul, as love, wrath, and other paffions ; they are
compounded and made of feven tunicles, or coats, and three humours ; they pro-
ceed out of the fubftance, they take a panicle to defend it from annoyance. They
meet and are united into one finew, about half an inch in length before they enter
the fkull, and after divided into two, each goeth into one eye; they are called wervi
opiiti, the optic nerves, and through thefe are brought the vifble fpirits to the eye. ©
__ Thefe are the moft noble outward parts of the body, in beauty, utility, mobility, ;
and activity, They are to the vifage that which the. vifage is to the body, they are

: ‘the face of the face, and, becaufe they are tender, delicate, and precious, they are
fenced. onall fides with fkins, lids, brows, and hair. The objeét of the eye or fight
ds colour (according to the common opinion), which is an adherent quality in bodies,
whereof there are fix fimples, as white, yellow, red, purple, green, and blue; the
compounds are infinite; to {peak more fully, the true object is light, which i is
“never without colour, and without which the colours are invifible. ne Le
=o “The fenfe of feeing excelleth all the reft in many things; it apprehendeth father
off, and €2 extendeth i itfelf even to the ftars. It is certainly reported, ‘that Strabo
sh acute eyes, that from Lilideum he. could difcern fhips going forth of
Mesh rth ginian haven, | and could number them ; the diftance was one “hundred
and, thirt ty-five miles. . It hath more variety of objects, for to all things, and gene-
tally in all, there is a light and colour, the objects of the eyes, as I hinted before.
Ie ismofte <s ifite,, for i it is moft exadt, in the leaft and fineft thing that rele
itfelf. Atismore ‘prompt ; and fudden, for it apprehendeth even in a moment, | and
without motion, when the other fenfés require motion and time. Tt enjoyeth 2

tiberty incomparable t to others; the eye feeth, or feeth not, and ernipeee ee

AND FAMILY DISPENSA TORY. | °7

to open or fhur: it is active; all the reft purely paffive. But that which is moft
noble in this fenfe is, that the privation of the object thereof, which is darknefs,
brings fear, and that naturally, becaufe then a man findeth himfelf robbed of fa
excellent a guide; the fight in the light is inftead of company, wherein: man much

delighteth.
~“Hearine is the next fenfe to be confidered, whofe refidence is in wenieate “ie

is in quality cold and dry, under the dominion of Saturn. They ate placed on the
outfide of the head, in the felf-fame height as the eyes are,’as the fcouts of the
body, porters of the fpirit, the receivers and judges of the founds, which always.
afcend, They have their entrance oblique and crooked, that fo the found may not
enter all at once, whereby the fenfe of hearing might be hindered, and not fo well
able to judge ; and again, that the founds, being fugitive, might there lurk, and
abide under his thadow, till the inftruments of hearing have gotten poffeffion
thereof.. The finews, that are the organs of hearing, fpring each from the brain,
and, when they come to the hole of the ear, they are wreathed together 5 the end is
like. a worm, or little. teat, into which is. received the found, and from thence
carried to the common wits, to diftinguith. The object of . the ear, or hearing, | is

a found. or noife proceeding from the encounter of two bodies sa pleafant and

melodious found {weeteneth and appeafeth the fpirir, confequently the body too,
and drives maladies from them both; the fharp and penetrant doth trouble ‘and
wound the Spirit, This fenfe hath many fingularities ; for the fervice of the body,
the, fight, is _moft neceflary, but, for the fpirit, hearing hath the fuperiority ; 5 itis

fpiritual, . the agent of | underftanding ; ; many that have ‘been blind have been great
and wife phik fophers,. but never any that were deaf. In ‘brief, fcience, truth, ‘and

virtue, have no entrance into. the foul but by the ear. Chriftianity teaches, that
faith cometh by hearing, which the fi ght doth rather burt than help. F aith i is the
belief of thofe things which. are not feen, which belief is acquired by hearing, - For
all thefe-reafons,.and many more that might be inferted, the wifett have fo much

commended hearing, the pure g guardian from all corruption, the health of the in-

ward man...
. SMELLING i is ; feated i in the nofe, g governed by Mars, and is hot and ay in ‘quality,

and therefore. martial creatures, OF fach as are hot and dry of conititution, excel in
this faculty, as dogs,. &c, _ From the brain cometh two finews to the holes’ of the
ibrain,pan, , where beginneth 1 the concavity of the nofe, and thefé two are the ‘prd-
perorgans or ingtruments | of fmelling they have heads like paps, into ‘which Hs

received the virtue of. fmelling, ai and prefenting it to the common fenfe. - “Over i
« wf it ad =p tt
" -Bwo organs is placed collatorium, or the noftrils, which concavity or ditch was made

for

8 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

for two causes; Firlt, that the air, that bringeth the fpirit of felling, might reft
therein, till ic was received by its proper organs. Secondly, that the excrement of
the brain might be hidden under it till it be fit to be ejected, From this concavity
go two holes into rhe mouth, of which we may take notice of three conveniencies :
firft, that when a man’s mouth is clofed, either by eating or fleeping, air might
come through them to the lungs, or he would be forced to keep his mouth open al-
ways. Secondly, they are helpful to a man’s fpeech; for, when one or both of thole
paflages are ftopped, a man fpeaketh in the nofe, as we commonly fay. Thirdly, they
_are uleful in the cleanfing the concavities of the nofe, either by fnufting, or drawing
it through the mouth, The object of {mell is an odour, or fcent, which is a fume
rifing, from an odoriferous object, afcending through the nofe to the ventricles of
the brain; the ftrong and violent hurteth the brain, the temperate and good doth
rejoice, delight, and comfort. This fenfe is oftentimes very ufeful in difcovering
meats and drinks of an evil odour, which otherwife would much esate rived
mach, and work evil effects in the body of the man.
_ The vaste is hot and moift, and under the influence of Jupicer : : this + fee
‘hath its refidence in the palate of the mouth and tongue. Its office is to choofe what
food is congruous to the ftomach, and what not. ‘The fkin of the palate of the
mouth is the fame with the inward part of the ftomach, and the fame with the way
. -of the meat to the ftomach; and hence it cometh to pafs, that, when a man is touched
‘upon the palate of the mouth, it tickleth the ftomach; and, fo much the nearer to
the throat, fo much more the ftomach abhorreth. The object of tafting is a favour
er {mack, whereof there are fix fimple kinds, as fweet, four, tharp, tart, ‘falt,
bitters the compounds are many. And, being led to the mouth, it is not amifs
if 1 {peak a few words of the compofition thereof. In the mouth are five parts to be
confidered, the lips, the teeth, the tongue, the uvula, and the palate of the mouth,
of which [have already fpoken. The lips are made of a mufculous flefh: their office
inp fr, as the door to the houfe, to keep the mouth clofe till the meat be chewed 5
¥> they help to pronounce the fpeech. The teeth, the hardeft members, ate
into the mandible : their office is, firft, to grind the meat before it goeth into
a 1 ach, ‘that fo it may the better digeft ; fecondly, thar it might bea help to
peech, for they that want any of their teeth are defective therein. The enue
is s uncertain, fome have more, fome have lefs, they who have their full number | have
thirty-two, - “The tongue isa carnous member, compound, and made of many iS
ligaments, veins, and arteries, ordained principally for three purpofes: firft, that
when a man eateth, the tongue might turn the meat in the mouth till it be chewed;

fecondly, by the rongue, and the palate of the mouth, near the root of sages

AND FAMILY DISPENSA-‘TORY. -)

ceived the tafte of {weet or four, and thence prefented to.common fenfes to pafs judg-
ment thereof: thirdly, and principally, the tongue is ordained for the pronunciation
of {peech, of which faculty I muft crave leave to infift on, and that as briefly as may
be. Speech is an excellent prefent, and very neceflary, given only unto man, enim
index. &F {peculum , it is the interpreter and image of the foul; the heart’s meffenger :
the gate through which doth pafs all that lieth within the dark and hidden corners
of man: by. this the fpirit becomes vifible, Of all the externaliand ‘vifible parts of
the body, that which cometh neareft to the heart is the root thereof, and that which
cometh neareft the thoughts is fpeech: ‘* Out of the abundance of the heart the
mouth fpeaketh.’’ . It is a powerful mafter, an imperious commander, it ftitreth ‘up,
animateth, exafperateth, appeafeth, maketh fad, merry; it imprinteth whatever
paflion.it handleth ; feedeth the foul of the hearer it maketh him bluth, wax pale,
laugh, cry, tremble, mad with choler, leap for joy, whatnot? | It is the agent of all
our concerns ; by it we traffic, peace is handled, affairs are managed, it is the band
of human fociety ; hearing and fpeech anfwer and are accommodated the one to the
other ; by thefe two the fouls are poured the one into the other; fo that, if thefe two
Gates be fhut (as it is in thofe that are deaf and dumb), the {pirit remaineth folitary
andmilerable. Hearing is the gate toenter, by it the fpirit receiveth all things from
without, Speech is the gate to go out, through it the fpirit fendeth forth that which
was within. From the communication of thete two, as from the ftroke of two flints,
there cometh forth the fire of truth; and fo by the polifhing and. rubbing of ‘thefe
two, knowledge cometh to.perfection; but hearing is the_firft and principal; for
there can nothing come forth which did not firft enter; and ee he bap —
altogether by.natureis.alfodumb. . ..
ee mightenlarge a great deal r more in she nichtaibtide ofthe heady, int iaintehists
heduse to:declare nothing but what may be pertinent in the manifeftation of the hu-
gman faculties and virtues, I fhall conclude this difcourfe with a word or two of the
fenfe.of rFrELinc, which is of no particular quality, but of all, hot, cold, dry; and
amoift : it is deputed to.no particular organ, but is fpread abroad over the whole body ;
itis the index of all tangible things, its object then muft be‘heat or cold, drought or
_ soifture, things pleafant and polite, fharp and fmarting, motion, reft, tickling, © It
:is known that man and other creatures may live without fome particular fenfe; it is
the opinion of moft, that a man cannot live without this fenfe of feeling, being only
_neceflary unto life ; yet Auguftine proveth the contrary; in the fourteenth: pie

‘feel thofe that pulled him; nor would’ ftir though they burned him with’ fires yer
-confefled: that he could then hear men fpeak (if they fpoke aloud) as though they
—_— D . were

» Dei, by example of-a Prefbyter, ‘that lay as though he were dead, arid did: ee

10 CULPEPER?s "ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

were far from him, by-which it appears, that this he did, not by refifting, but‘for want
of the fenfe of feeling, which afterwards was reftored to him again. I hall pafs' by
what the Englith hiftory relates of one Elizabeth Barton, a maid of Canterbury, who
oftentimes was deprived of her fenfes by reafon of a difeafe fhe had. ied

_ IL fhall alfo'wave'difputes concerning the number of the fenfes, fome fuppofing
there are no more in nature than are apparent in us. There may very well bemore,
yet greatly to be doubted that there are ; it is impoffible for us to know them, to
affirm them, or to deny them, becaufe a man fhall never know the want of that fenfe
which he never had: one fenfe cannot difcover another; and, if a man want one by
nature, yet he: knows not which way toaffirmit. A man that is born blind, and hath
not heard what fight is, cannot conceive that he feeth not, nor defiretofee. So man,
being not able to imagine more than the five that he hath, cannot know how to judge
whether there be more in nature: who knoweth whether the difficulties that we find
in many of the works of nature, and the effects of many creatures which we caniiot
underftand, do proceed from the want of fome fenfe that we have not? There are
hidden properties which we fee inmany things, and aman may fay that there are fen-
fible faculties in nature, proper to judge and apprehend them, yet muft conclude we
have them not ; who knoweth whether it be fome particular fenfe that difcovereth
the hour of midnight to the cock; and moves him to crow, or how beafts a
to chufe certain herbs for their cure, and many fuch-like wonders ?

OF THE STOMACH. pee
THE STOMACH is a member compound and fpermatic, finewy and fenfible,
wherein is made the firft perfect digeftion of chyle: it is a neceflary member to the

body, for, if it fail in its operations, the whole fabric is corrupted. «Iris inthe'little

world the fame as the terreftrial globe is in the great world ; in it is exprefled the
fublunary part of the world; in it are contained the parts that ferve for nutrition,
concoction, and procreation, And this leads me to difcourfe of the adminiftering
virtues.in man, which are here feated, and to wind up all with a touch of the office
of. the microcofmical {tars with as much brevity as may be, The ftomach is framed
of two panicles, the outer is carnous, the inner nervous, from which is ftretchedt0
‘the mouth #fophagus, or the way of the meat, by which theftomach draweth. coitelf
smeat and drink as with hands. By the virtue.of the fubtile will, which 1s, in this
-wmufcus longitudinalis, is made the attra€tive virtue, which is hot and dry, by a quality
_ agtive, or principal, which appears by the fun, the fountain, of all heaty: which is of

an attractive quality, which is evident by his attracting and exhaling the. a
30 I

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 1

from this: inferior globe into the airy region, as into the neck or higher part of an
alembic , and, being refolved into water, (by reafon of their'weight,) fall down again
upon the earth, which is the vefiel receiving : fo, through contitined diftillations, by
fublimation of the water, by cohabation, by drawing off the liquor: (being often
poured on), and fortified by the influence of the celeftial-and central fun, the body
becomes endued with a concottive, nutritive, and procreative, virtue. So in the fto-
mach, by the active quality of the microcofmical fun, his benevolent rays, and friend-
ly heat, meat and drink are defired, and attra¢ted into the ftomach, for the prone
ment of the whole body.

In the ftomach is a tranfverfe mufcle, to withhold or make retention ; binth this
retentive virtue, thofe things that are brought into the ftomach are kept and with-
holden uatil nature hath wrought her end, and every faculty hath executed its office, -
It is in quality cold and dry; cold, becaufe the nature of cold is to comprefs or hold
together, as you may fee in ice; dry, becaufe it is the nature of drinefS to keepand
hold what is compreffed. It is under the influence of Saturn, and that is the reafon
why, for the moft part, men that are coldand dry of temperature, or, as aftronomers
fay, Saturnine people, are covetous and tenacious ; and that is the reafon that old men
ate naturally covetuous, becaufe Saturn ruleth old age, and, by the decay of nature,
the temperature becomes cold and dry. It hath the fpleen, the reprefentative of Sa-
turn, lying toward the left fide, and furnifheth the eam with humours neceffary
to fortify the retentive virtue.

The digeftive faculty, which is the chief and. moft principal, (the others like hand-
maids attending it,) is hot and moift, nature’s cook and principal workman, the
archaeus and.central fire which in this philofophical veffel, viz. the ftomach, digefteth
the victuals into achaos,. or confufed mafs, chat fo a natural feparation may be made. |
It is under the influence of Jupiter, who furnifheth it with friendly heat and moif-
ture; by the liver, (the Lennotianee reer: ) oars and spe the — fide of
the ftomach.

ooFhe ftomach hath ‘di a latitudinal aia eles or will, which tithes ae ek palfive
faculty ; ; it is naturally cold and moitt; cold, to comprefs the fuperfluity ; moift,
to make’ the matter flippery and fit for ejection, alfo to work a fuitable difpofition in
the body. ‘It is a neceffury operation by it, after the feparation of the pure from the
impure, the elements from the caput mortuum, or rather feces, is removed and carried.
away, all that is needlefs or prejudicial to nature. Itis under the dominion of the
‘Moon, (with whom you may join Venus, being of the fame nature,) whofe epitome

or microcofmical fubfticute, ’ viz. the brain, féndeth a branch of nerves to the pres:
and — sdemsaeee it with humours, cold and moift, fit for expulfion, 20> ©
rr OF

*

42 CULPEPERVYENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

gf fuY HEART
“Tr. : Fe. HEART. hath. two wenencles or concavities, and the left is pin ‘than se
right the, caule ¢ of i its hollownefs. is to. keep the blood for his nourifhing, and the
ais0 abate and temper the: great, heat which is included and fhut up, in the, por
WAC ole onivew uth
4 Asie. is s Jol corporis: and.c center of the reft of the members and toler. of, the ‘aly
he communicates to them life and motion, yet. by his heat he attracts what i is need:
- fal-forhiméelf.from thejother. members,. asa fubfidy or tax impofed, upon, his fub-
jects. And. therefore, tosthe right,.ventricle.of the heart cometh a vein fromthe
| Greatiyeiny which réceiveth all the fubttance of the blood from the liver; this veia
pafleth-to the right ventricle of the heart, and bringeth a great portiomof the thick-
eft and pureft blood to-nourith the heart.. The refidue. that is left of this isymade
more fubtle through the virtue and heat of the heart, and then fent into. asconcavity
onpit;imthemid{tiof the heart,:. between the two ventricles, thereimit is'madehot
and pure, and from thence it paffeth tothe left. ventricle, andithere\is engendergdan
a fpirit that is clearer, brighter, and. fubtiler;thantany:corporeal or bodilyating
which is engendered’of the four elements, for it isa :mean:between the body, andthe
foul ; iat * sai mehilpplarias: it is ieee more to: ssa than: earthly
things! © , L oda to.
baton - lef veneveldlof the heart fiecad twoarteries, -eliercme sua'ving fina coe
Ghd thereforeis called arteria venalis, which carrieth: blood: frony the’ hearttorthe
Teg which! blood ‘is vaporous and fic for its acetate and: carierhrbableale

ae

from the lungs: to’ refrefh the heart. ¥ 5ii3 12 -Loold oda te 2208.
“©The other artery hath’ two coats; it is called, tena’ aésaniah or rhe reat arteryy'of
which: ‘fpringeth | ‘all the other arteries, that- fpread’ to every n sber of the BOaY,

ich. Carty the fpirits, which are the treafures of the foul’s virtue’; “i at
wv cottie’to the brain, and be made an animal fpirit ; at the liver it is 1 K
1, and at the tefticles generative. Thus by the heart is made a fpirit of evety
d, and (like the fun in - heavens) by his royal prefence he doth confer fife and
berty to his fuppliants. a9 a Agger da bat199
somata of | the heart is $ wonderful it continues to the au ioc oti

‘Hike -whiat th mie anit want, ‘under the name ofa Aowieeiie motion 5 a i
‘Pendous wiltom ofthe Creators in nothing exptefied more wlotioully= °°
7 “OF

a

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 13.

OF THE LUNGS, LIVER, &c.

THE LUNGS are made of a fubftance very foft and {pongious ; fupple to draw
and inforcefrom, like a pair of bellows ; they areaninftrument of refpiration, whereby
the heart is refrefhed, drawing unto it the blood, the fpirits, and the air, and difbur-
thening itfelfof thofefumesand excrements whichopprefsit. Theyare naturally cold
and dry, accidentally cold and moift; naturally cold and dry, waving about the
heart, abating its heat by a refrefhing blaft ; they are accidentally moift, by reafon
of catarrhs and rheums, which they receive from the brain.

There are three principal parts in the lungsconfiderable. Oneisa vein coming from
the liver, which bringeth with it the crude and undigefted part of the chyle to feed
the lungs. Another is arteria venalis, coming from the heart, bringing the fpirit of
life to nourifh the lungs. The third is #rachia arteria, that bringeth air to the lungs,
and it paffeth through all the left part of them to do its office.

_ The lungs are divided into five portions or pellicles, three on the right fide and
two on the left fide ; that, in cafe any impediment or hurt fhould happen in any one
part, the other fhould be ready to fupply the office.

» But I fhall give no further defcription of the lungs, but defcribe the liver, which
is a principal.member in the little world, reprefenting the planet Jupiter, guaf juvans
pater, hot and moift, inclining towards the right fide, under the fhort ribs, The
form of the liver is gibbous, or bunchy, on the back fide ; on the other fide hollow,
like the infide of an hand, that it might be pliable to the ftomach (as a man’s hand
is to.an apple, or any thing that is round) to further its digeftion; for his heat is to
the ftomach as the heat of a fire is to the pot which hangeth over it. It is the ftore-
houfe of the blood, the fountain of the veins, the feat of the natural. nourifhing fa-
culty, or vegetative foul, engendered of the blood of that chyle which it draweth
from the meferaique veins, and receiveth by the vena porta, which entereth into the
concavities thereof, and afterwards is fent and diftributed through the whole body
by the help of vena cava, which arife from the bunch or branches thereof, which
are in great numbers as the rivers from theocean,

The natural and nutrimental faculty hath its refidence in the (Se and is dif
perfed through the whole body with the veins, from which are bred four particular

humours, viz. blood, choler, phlegm, and melancholy.

Blood is made of meat perfectly concoéted, in quality hot and moift, Jee

. darling, the moft perfect and neceffary. humour (the other three being fuperfiuities :
‘yet neceflary too). The blood thus concoéted isdrawn out by the vena cava, whofe
begets, ramifying, upwards. and Sauls carry and convey it to all the

27. other

4 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH: PHYSICDBAN,

other members of the body for their nourifhment, where, by a third digeftion,: it is
tranfmuted i into the flefh.

‘Choler, or bile, is made of meat more than perfectly. concocted : it is the lt or
froth of blood ; it clarifieth all the humours, heats the body, and nouritheth the ape
prehenfion: It is in quality hot and dry, it fortifieth the attractive faculty as blood
doth the digeftive; it moveth man to activity and valour: it isunder the planet
Mars, whofe refidence is in the gall, which is an official member,.a purfe or panicular
veflicle placed in the hollownefs of the liver, whofe office is to. receive the cholétic
fuperfluities, which are engendered in the liver as aforefaid. . Which purfe, or bag,
hath three holes, or necks. © By the firft it draweth to itfelf the choler from the liver,
that fo the blood be not hurt by the bile, or choler. By the fecond it fendeth cho-
ler to the bottom of the ftomach, to fortify the attractive faculty. And, laftly, it
fendeth choler regularly to every gut, from one gut to peers to scar them wn
fuperfluities and drofs, ae

’ Phlegm is made of meat not perfectly digefted : it fortifieth the virtue cacvile
and maketh the body fit for ejection; it is kind to, and fortifieth, the brain by its
confimilitude with it; it is antipathetical to the apprehenfion, and doth much injure —

it, therefore phlegmatic perfons have but weak apprehenfions ; it is cold and. moift
in quality, its receptacle is in the lungs, itis governed: by the Moon and Venuss
therefore it qualifies the bile, cools and moiftens the heart, thereby fofiicinained
the whole body from the fiery effets which continual motion would produce: .

Melancholy is thefediment of blood: it is cold and dry-in quality; it smalceeh nen
fober, folid, and ftaid, fit for ftudy, or any ferious employments 5: it curbs the un-
bridled paffions incident to the fanguine complexion : it ftayeth wandering and idle
hts, and reduces them home to the centre; it is like.a grave counfellor to the

whole body. Tris governed by the planet Saturn, it ftrengtheneth the retentive fa-
culty, and its receptacle is in the fpleen; which in the ——- is hag on mene
, tantverfcly linked to the Romack.

Oke. THE REINS AND KIDNEYS: a

_ THE RE! [NS and KIDNEYS are placed within the region of the notrites
- ackwards, and they are ordained to cleanfe the blood from the watery fuperfluitie iz
have two paffages: by the one is drawn the water from the, venakelis, BY a
7cins, which ate called wene emulgentes, the emulgent veins 5. ard pity sek sii
the fame: water SA siete this is, celia enone: coheed

(SAND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. ~ 4,

fiefhy. member, and for that two caufés; the firft is, that’ they be not Sich hurt by
the fharpnefs of the-urine ; the.other is, that the utine that" paffeth from them might
be the better cleanfed. The Heart fendeth ‘an artery to convey to them blood, hear,
{pirit, and life. And from’ the liver there cometh a vein, which bringeth nutrimental
blood.” Their fatnefs is aSoF other members, made of thin blood: congealed by cold;
there is the greater quantity inthis place, becaufe it fhould t temper the heat of the kid-
neys, which they have from the biting fhafpnefs of the urine. : .
The next thing is the bladder, which is compounded of two netvous Pauley: ; in
complexion it!is cold dnd dry; whofe neck is carnous, and Kath’ two mufcles ta i
hold: and: to ler it go} int man itis long,’ and is contained with the yard paffing
through the peritoneum , but in Women it fs fhorter, and is contained with the vulva:
the place of the bladdef is between the fhare-bone and longaon. In women it is ‘be-
tween the aforefaid bone and the matrix. Ih the bladder are implanted the uterers,
which bring the urine or water from the kidneys thither, and enter ‘into the holes
and panicles thereof, whi ch is done by a natural motion between tunicle and tuhicle,
till the urine findeth the hole of the nether tunicle, where i it entereth privily i into the
concavity: And the more the bladder is filled with urine, the ftraiter are the panicles
comprefed togethers the holes are not fet one againtt the other, fo that, if the blad-
der be never f full, noné can go Back again. ;
"This is the micro¢ofmical ocean, into which all the rivers of the body. ‘diicharge
themfelves. ‘There miuft heeds be more thati'a watery fubftance init, for maiiy times,
in’ ‘difeafes, it is plentifully made, though the patiént drinketh litcle or nothing ; and
itis obferved'that:creatures thar drink nothing will make water. Phyficians often-
times forétel’many“things by its colour, 'thinnefs, and thicknefs. ‘Salt you know is
hid in meats; and that’ plants have very much fale in them you may find by diftilling
thend; and it isvery well known, that by the chymical art many kinds of falt may be
fetched out of utine. ‘The attificial cryjocella'is‘made of trine- + Nitre i is’ ease of
earth pone with the urine ard: suede steass creatures:
nt try tyes nat Bi

; feiaed 2 RY THE GENERA PAVE Pisiklegs
THE inftruments of generation are of two forts, male and female; their a i is the

iaitedie ioti of mankind, the operation is by aétion and paffion, the agent is the. feed,
Sortep —S ay Although this ometl 1 to be fpoken of i in the laft place,’ yet it

. rve ‘ diy t been Put i inthe x the frit; for nature regards not only make Con ere

16 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Firlt; of the genitals of men:—The firft thing to be confidered is, that which
anatomifts call va/a preparentia, or preparing veffels, which bring blood and vital —
{pirits to the tefticles ; they are four in number, and before they come to the tefticles

- they make a curious implication, intertexture, or twifting, the one with the other,

the arteries into the veins, and the veins into the arteries, which phyficians call corpus
varicofum ; fome call it pompiniformis : this interweaving reacheth down even into the
fubftance of them; their ufe is to mix the blood and vital {pirit together, re
may have a fit matter to work on.

The tefticles are of a white, foft, and clay: fubftance, full of fmall veins and ar-
teries; or elfe, when humours flow to them, they could not fwell to fuch a bignefs:
their form is oval; of their bignefs few are ignorant. Each tefticle hath a mufele,
which the learned call cremafter, which ferveth to pull them up in the aét of genera-

‘tion, as its name in the Greek fignifieth, that fo the veffels, being ges |

better avoid the feed.

The feed being thoroughly connnted by the tefticles, there are two tial fall
pipes called va/a deferentia : they are alfo called {permatic pores: their office is to
carry the feed to the feminary vefiels, which are to keep it till need requireth its ex-
pulfion. From the ftones they arife very near to the preparing veffels into thecavity
of the belly ; then, going back again, they turn to the back fide of the bladder, be-
tween it and the right gut, where they are joined to the feminal veffels, which are foft

and fpongy, fomewhat like kernels, through which paffeth the urethra, or common
-paffage in the yard both for feed and urine.

_ Hiftories make mention, and experience evinceth, that fome are pase"
ticles, fome with one. Philip, Landgrave of Heffia, had three ; he was fo full of feed,
and prone to venerous actions, that his wife could not fuffer him fo often as necef-
fity urged him to it, he otherwife being chafte and honeft; he, rane -alaaaaisheed
_. the priefts, with the confent of his wife, took a concubine.

_. It is unneceffary for me here to defcribe the yard, and all the parts thereof, asthei

er salt office, texture, fympathy, &c. will hereafter be more particularly treated of in

_ the anatomical analyfis , in this place therefore I only mean to give a brief couch of

the moft confiderable parts.

I now come to the generative parts of women; and firft of the clytoris, whickias
_ finewy hard body, much like the yard of a man, and fuffers ereétion and fallingy

caufeth Tut i in women, and giveth delight in copulation: Avicenna calieth it § the
wand, or albathara ; and Albucafis calleth it sentiga and Fallopious faith, that
this hath fomnetimes g grown fo big, that \ women would copulate with others like men.
This obferve; that the paflage of the urine is not through the neck of the wor bs

‘AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 7

near the paffage of the urine are fourcaruncles or flefhy knobs, they are called myrsi-
formes, becaufe they refemble myrtle-berries ; the uppermoft of them is largeft and
forked, to receive the neck of the paffage of the urine ; the others lie below this on
the fides, and are to keep back the air or any hurtful thing from the womb. In vir-
gins thefe knobs are joined together by a thin fkin, interlarded wich fmall veins, with
ahole in the middle about the bignefs of one’s little finger, through which paffeth the
menftruous blood : this fkin is a note of virginity, for the firft. act ef copulation
breaketh it. I believe that this was that note of virginity which, God gave to the
Hebrews. Thefe knobs joined together do much refemble a rofe. not quite blown,
therefore called a flower, whence came the word to deflowera virgin. If I fhould
take upon me to declare the opinions of authors, it would prove (almoft) an endlefs
tafk ; this, I fhall add, that I.conceive it not a certain note of virginity, becaufe.it
may be broken without the act of copulation, as, namely, by applying peffaries to
provoke the menftrues, or by a defluxion of fharp humours, &c. but it is probable
that the Jewith virgins were more careful of it, their repatations depending thereon.
.-Fhewomb in figure is almoft perfectly round, in virgins about the bignefs of a
walnut, yet, when a women is conceived with child, it dilatesitfelf tofuch a capacity,
that'it is ableto contain the child; the mouth of it is no bigger than to receive the
glans of the yard, yet at the delivery makes room for the child to come out, be it
‘ever fo big : this made Galen admire, and it may be’a great admiration to all, if we —
confider the wonderful works of Godin the creation of man : he who knows himfe
_ may know there is an all-powerful God ! and therefore it was engraven’ with’ letters
of gold over the porch of the temple of Apollo, the god (according to the Panims)
of knowledge and'wifdom, this fentence---Kuow thyftif---as a falutation’ unto all ;

-fignifying, that he that would’ —_— — — EM poss grocrenertviind emt
temple, muft firft know himfelf. “
~ «The womb bate cole il Weisinte chee kd ig rete ‘in Guan-
tity, might be clofe embraced and cherifhed. Women have tefticles or {tones as
“men have, but they differ from men’s in thefe particulars : they aré within the belly
in h women, in men without; they are not fo fmooth in women as in men; they
. cfs t an the ftones of men; they are not | ftaid ‘by mufcles, but by ligaments ; as
suit are oval, they are flattiths they hav

ete one yg men’s: have four, | becau

i8 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

The vafa preparentia, the preparing veffels, and va/a deferentia, carrying veflels, are
_ of the fame nature and office as they are in men; they differ only in this, that they
are fomewhat fhorter, having a fhorter way to go, the tefticles being within the belly
in women: but, left the fhortnefs of the paffage fhould hinder their operation, God
and nature have fo provided, that they are more twifted and interwoven than they
are inmen, that they may the better mingle the blood and vital {pirit.
Thus have I given you.a fhort defcription of man, the mafter-piece of God’s
~ workmanfhip; and in whom is comprifed a fmall draught of all things in the uni-
verfe. Inman, asin a perfpective glafs, may our mother-earth with her innumera-
ble offspring be difcovered ; in him may the unruly and reftlefs waves of the ocean
‘be delineated: nor doth he only epitomize the elemental world, but alfo the celef-
_ tials in him are difcovered the prudent, majeftical, fumptuous, magnificent, honour-
| able, affable, and humane, folar quality : the un{teadfatt, timorous, foon-daunted, oft-

_ changing, and fhifting, temper, among men, an{wers to the various motions of the

ne low and oft-changing Luna. Others in profundity of imagination, refervednefs of
words, aufterity of actions, &c. are a fit portrait of the melancholy planet Saturn. _
There are yet a few in the world who are faithful lovers of fair dealing, beneficent
to all men, doing glorious, honourable, and religious, actions 5 juft, wife, prudent,
virtuous, &c. of the temper of benevolent Jupiter. There are (in our apprehen-
fions) too many of the Martial temper, who are valiant lovers of wars, frays, and
commotions, fubject to no reafon, bold, confident, willingly obeying nobody, &c.
Nor is Venus excluded thofe -people’s affections who love mirth in words and
actions, mufical, delighting in venery, drinking, and merry-meetings, who trouble
not themfelves with ftate-affairs, nor are inquifitive after armies or navies. Nor is
Mercury without his party among us, who are fubtile and politic, excellent difpu-

tants and logicians, fharp-witted, and able to learn any thing, men of unwearied

_ fancies, and fit for any employment, yet unconftant. The planetary influence in'the
_ good or ill difpofition of the air is lively reprefented in man. A ‘healthy: fanguine

| _ cenftitution, or a delicate compofure of heat and moifture, anfwers toa ferene and

4 air, with feafonable moiftening dews and fhowers, which are the {weet
infence of the Sun, Jupiter, and Venus. The feverith, hot, and parching, diftem-

pers of the body, anfwer to the hot and fcorching weather occafioned by the fiery

beams of Mars, _ Nor is the cold, chilly, melancholy, weeping, and lamenting, dif- i
amn.of pat people, lefs reprefented by the melancholy, dark, cold, and wet, 3
proceeding from Saturn’s influx. The intellectual world hath alfo in map
a : es: bs witnefs the foaring contemplations of the foul of man, which cannot 3 ;
= ‘ke the body) be confined to any place, but in a moment furrounds this ast

globes i

Dodd Delin

Batter
Vier Tt’ OC f lee ke hal | tuflias pers Su ti Of 7 / aE as tllits prated
ee Cle CEE Vani y Vystar re, LIM (AM efs Ceule det’,

divine Majelty of heaven!

ANATOMICAL ANALYSIS or Tur HUMAN FRAM)

Oo Teer 7S" Ra ON;

THE SKIN is a membranous covering of the body, fimilar, fpermatic, havi
‘blood mixed with it, reddifh, white, loofe, and the inftrument of feeling. Tt hat
cutaneous veins and arteries, as alfo nerves 5 from the laft of which, it receives its
guicknefs of fenfe. From the capillary veins and arteries it receives blood for
nourifhment and vital fpirit for quickening. Its temperature is cold and dry, oc
rather exquifitely temperate, yet fo that it may be the judge of feeling. The fkin
on the top of the head is thickeft, that on the fides thin, that on the face and palms
of the hands thinner, that on the lips thinneft of all, that on the tops of the fingers
is mean, fo that the fenfe of touching may be the more perfedl: its texture is flight
and very full of fmall holes or pores, for the infenfible tran{piration of fumes, va-
pours, and fweat. It takes its colour from the predominant humour, unlefs it be
fuch from the birth, as in Zethiopia. It has a double fubftance ; the one is exter-
nal, called cusicula, or the {carf-fkin, becaufe it is placed upon the fkin, as a cover
or defence, every where perforated with pores, without blood and without feeling :
its connexion is to the true fkin, from whence it has i its figure and colour; but, in
Black Moors, the cuficula being pulled off, theskin itfelfis white. It hasno action,
only ufe, which is to fhut the pores of the skin, that the ichoous fubftance may not
iffue from the veins and arteries; to defend the skin from immoderate heat or cold; woe
and to make it fmooth, beautiful, polifhed, and even. It is generated of a vifcous ee
and. oleaginous vapour of the blood. The other is the true skin, of which we have —
: firft {poken, which,is fix times thicker than the fcarf-skin; its pores will appear i
| vinter-time, if it be made bare, and expofed to the cold : for where they are, tt
icy 2 will appear like. a goofe. skin. The skin receives two cutaneous
L zh the head ; and neck, from. the jugulars: two ana the arms, b

2 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN.

Or T HE FF. 1 ES... died gid: Dae

THE F LESH is a fimilar, foft, thick, fubftance, well. onesie sini a
blood alone, if it be red; but, of blood and feed, if it be white. . It is four-fold, ,
viz. mufculous, vifcerous, membranous, and glandulous; of which the two firft
are very red, but the two Jatter white. Mufculous flefh is foft and red, and that
which is properly termed flefh. Vifcerous flefh is that of the bowels, which is the
proper fubftance of the lungs, heart, liver, {pleen, and kidneys; it is red, hard,
fitted to prop up the veflels, and to affift them in their particular and various opera-
tions. Membranous flefh is the flefhy fubftance of every membranous part, as in
the gullet, ftomach, guts, womb, bladder. Glandulous flefh is the flefh of kernels;
itis white, thick, and fpongy, formed of feed (and therefore cannot properly be
called flefh), of which fome anatomifts make many diverfities,; but the true fearcher
may find that the glandules differ not fo much in fubftance as in their ufe and humours
which are, firft, to fupport the divifions of the veffels; fecondly, to drink up fuper-
fluous humours, becaufe they are of a hollow fpongy fubftance, and are therefore
vulgarly termed emun@ories, or cleanfers of the noble parts, thofe in the neck being
accounted cleanfers of the head, thofe in the arm-pits of the heart, and thofe in the
groin of the liver ;. thirdly, to moiften the parts for their more eafy motion, or to

prohibit drinefs, fuch are thofe which are fituated by the tongue, mag a
corners, &c.. .

OF THE MEMBRANES.

A MEMBRANE isa fimilar, fpermatic, part; broad, foft, dilatable, white, con-
taining and invefting the parts, and carrying fenfe tothem. If, bemg @ hollow

as body, i it receives fomething, as the ftomach, bladder, gall, eye, it is called /umica,

&A Cats but, if it embraces and covers a folid body; it is called membrana, a covering:
: ofe which cover the brain are called menings. ‘tis indued with fenfe from it- ¥
Membranes are the only true organs of feeling, feryingthe animal fpirts to :

purpofe. Its ufe is, to inveft the parts of the body, to defend it from i ri

on of its hardnefs and compactnefs, to give them the fenfe of fe

; then them, to join parts to parts, and to keep them united to fe

‘the parts, and to cloie the mouths of the veffels. Some membr :
thick : the thin membranes alfo differ; for the perigffion’ of the ribs is
the pleura the periaftion of the head is thinner than the peri
mater is thinner than the dura mater. The proper membrane

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. a

is thin, and is knit unto the mufcles by moft thin filaments. Its ufe is to clothe the
mufcles, and to feparate them one from another; and to impart to them fenfe and
feeling.. The thick membrane is called by fome a membranous mufcle, by others
a nervy or fatty coat; it is called flethy, becaufe in fome places, as about the loins,
neck, ears, forehead, &c. it retains a flefhy fubftance ; but, inthe abdomen of a man
ripe in years, it has no flefhy appearance at all. Its temperature is hot and moitt,
having its origin from blood: it is fituated under the fat, and ftretched out over
the whole body univerfally, and is the fourth covering of the body, (but in beafts it
is next to the fkin:) it has no figure, but that of the body which it covers : its co-
lour is various in divers places : in the neck, forehead, and privities, it is redder thiaa
_ elfewhere: in fome places it is joined to the fat infeparably, in other places it may
be feparated ; and it communicates with the principal parts by the extremities of the
veins, arteries, and nerves. It is very fenfible, fo that the rigour and trembling of
the body depends thereupon : its ufe is to give foundation to the collecting and ge-
nerating the fat, and to keep the fat in its due place, as alfo to divide one mufcle
from another, and all of them from the other flefh ; to clothe the body, cherifh the
internal heat, and to defend it from external injuries : it fticks clofe to the fat, to the
mufcles, and to the ligaments of the bones, and is firmly joined to the back in fa-
fhion of a membrane, from whence it is faid to arife ; it is fo clofely joined to the
mufculus latus, that in the neck and forehead it can fcarcely be feparated from it,
whereby it is thought to conftitute the fame: to the fkin it fticks by very many
veins, fome few arteries, branches of nerves, and an innumerable quantity of
membranous fibres.

OF A FIBRE

a FIBRE i is a fimilar fpermatic part, difperfed through the skin, ‘fleth, and mem-
branes, to make them the more firm, and, being naturally diftended, to contra&
again in the fame manner, By reafon of the various fituation thereof, it is faid to
be either din ae oblique, tranfverfe, or round, whereby it may not only help the

, but ftrengthen it, as alfo the skin and flefh or mufcles ; and, when dilat-
ed, reduce them to their natural ftate. Each fort of fibre i is faid to perform a feve-
Tal action : as, the right to attract or draw 1 to; the oblique to expel or thruft forth ; :
the tranfverfe to retain or hold; and the ‘round to conftrain or bind. But thefe
_aétions s of the fibres are not made fo much by their own fingular virtue as nae

ad

2 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

O! Failevoll GabBb Ne aunrd adage al

A LIGAMENT, or band, is a fimilar, fpermatic, dry, part, adhering firmly to
the bones, tying the parts of the body mutually together. Its fubftance is ft

white, bloodlefs, fofter than a griftle, and harder than nerves and membranes ; bein; .
of a middle fubftance between them. It is without cavity, fenfe, or motion : their
fubftance is in fome places fofter and more membranous than others, as in all liga.
ments which go'about the joints. Their ufe is like a cord to connect or bind the
parts of the body one to another, chiefly the bones, and to keep them fo together,
that they may not be luxated or disjointed. As to fituation, fome are within. or
among the bones, as the griftly ligaments, which are thick and round: fome are ex-
‘ternally wound about the bones, which are thin and membranous. As to figure,
fome are broad, which are called membranous ; others round and nervous : byt
‘they are called membranous and nervous only in refpect to their external form or
Tefemblance, not to their internal effence; for they are all void of fenfe, which they
would not be were they compofed of the true fubftance of a nerve. or mem-
brane. ‘All the ligaments are folid, none hollow, except the flender ligaments of
the womb. ; Pstis hobiisi ads x ic ee

OF A CARTILAGE, OR GRISTLE... —
A GRISTLE isa fimilar, fpermatic, part, drier and harder than a ligament, but

.

_ moifter and fofter than a bone, rendering the articulation the more pliable, and de-
_ tending feveral parts from external injuries, Some are fofter, efpecially about the
joints; others harder, and not much differing from the nature of a bone; and fome

are in procefs of time turned into bones, efpecially in aged people. Tt is without
matrow, Cavities, or fenfe, being endowed neither with nerves nor membranes. Its

_ Matter is the fame with that of the bones, being a moift earthy part of the feed,
‘partly clammy and gluey, and partly fat, but more vifcous than fat: its ule is t0
facilitate motion, that the bones rubbing one againit another fhould not wear and
~ Frets to defend fome parts from external injuries, itfelf being fcarcely fubjecttoany
to fhape parts prominent or hollow, as in the ears, Jarynx, &c.to fill up hollownels
‘um the joints, as inthe knees; to ferve for a cover, as. in the epiglottis , to fuftain a

“ounderprop fomewhat, as the griftles of the eye-lids to bear the haits, and-to make 4

“a Conneétion or joining of the bones. Its fituation, magnitude, and figure, are Vatl-

-“Ous,“according to the bones they are joined with’: their fubstance is fometimes

» ‘harder, as thofe which in time boney: fometimes fofter, refembling Bh

pera ris : : men

« AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 23

ment, and are therefore called griftly ligaments; yet, though it be hard, it is fexi-
ble and tough, becaufe encompafied with vifcous flimy matter. As to their con-
nection, fome conftitute parts in themfelves, as that of the nofe; others grow to the
‘bones which knit them together, without any other meditim,: asin the thare or
‘breaft-bones; or by common ligaments ee ae as ‘in’ oe tmeris =
: loofe articulation. ?

. (> -
feterhe he Phds 24.)

Ae ah me Pemregpion ~ t

vs TENDON i isia fimilar, rect folid, part, cold:and Fic’ having.s, respligl
fubftance, continued from the beginning to the end of a. mufele,, and the; chiefelt
part thereof upon which the action of the mufcle depends, and ao where.to be found
out of a mufcle. It has a nervous-like fubftance, yet extremely differing.from.a
“Herve, white, thick, hard, fmooth, and extended according to the length of the muf-
‘ele, being ten times bigger than a nerve. _ Its figure is either folid and sound, asin
‘the wufculus ciceps, or plain and membranous, as in the muicles of the abdomen,
being alfo either fhort or long, and-of a uniform fubftance in.all its parts; fo that,
if itis nervous at the beginning, fo it is.at the end; but fometimes it is nervous’at
‘the end, ‘when the head of it is flefhy; and, if its beginning is like fmall ftrings,
they are united to form the tendon afterwards. The hard and ftiff tendons have
much fat about them, to foften them, that they may be the more pleafantly moved;
and therefore thofe fibres difperfed among the flefh are nothing elfe but the tendon
divided, and the tendon nothing elfe but fibres united; and therefore a tendon is
either folid compat, and united, or elfe difgregated, fevered, and divided into fibres.
United i is, where the whole tendinous part appears white, and hard, either in the
beginning, end, or middle, or in all thofe parts. Severed or divided, when produced
_ into innimerable. fmall fibres, fcarce aucerainls to the fight ; being compafied abous
with fleth,

si
¢eci-

OF ‘THE FaT.

-BATI isa fimilar, foft, oily, white, infenfible, part: made to — ic side
“heat, to help chylification; to facilitate motion, to moiften other parts, and.to nourifh
the body in famine. Its fubftance is twofold, viz. greafe and-fuet, which, although
“it is fomewhat folid, yet, is foft and oily, as may be perceived by handling ::preafe
Or a@xungia is eafily. melted, but not. foveafily congealed: feuum or fuet isnot fo
_ eafily melted, -but more eafily hardened, Its origin is from the. thinner parts of |
“the blood, fweating through: the veins! like dew, -and congealing about the» fle(h :
- this js. the effential matter of fat; its efficient caufe is a moift and tempe: aterheat,
ene is alfo the quality. thereof ;) the caufe of its congealing is the-coldnels of th
AS; -. membranes.

4 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

membranes from whence it has its white colour: but this coldnefs is not imple; >

but refpective to other parts. Melted lead.or wax will congeal in hot places, if the

heat be lefs than that heat which will melt them: hence Galen -determines. fatto
proceed from coldnefs, fo that the fat, thin, and light, part of the ‘blood, in colder
conftitutions is referved .whil{t in hotter bodies it turns to nutriment, fo that hot
and dry bodies are hardly ever fat. Its fituation is immediately under the fkin,
univerfally over the whole-body; the forehead, eye-lids, and privities, excepted:
whence it is, that the fatty membrane is as large as the fkin, and fticks firmly to it,
neither can it be divided from it without fcraping; and fo alfo ‘it fticks to. the
fiefhy membrane. It cannot communicate with the principal parts, becaufe it is not

_ truly nourifhed ; nor yet lives, unlefs by oppofition, as {tones do, nor is it indeed

fenfible; therefore it wants both veins, arteries, and nerves, yet all three of them pafs

_ through it tothe fkin. The fat of the belly has three veins, the external mammil-

ak

Jary, defcending from above:: the vena epigaftrica, arifing from beneath, or-outof
the crural vein, through the groin; ‘and that coming out of the loins havingmany

“veins accompanied with arteries: through thefe, and the veffels of the fkin, cup-

ping-glaffes, and {carifications, draw humours out of the inward parts.. It hasa

great number of kernels, which receive excrements out of the body into themfelves;

and they are more numerous in fickly perfons, and fuch as abound with excre-
mentitious moifture. Its ufes are to cherifh the natural heat; to help the concoc

tion of the ftomach; to moiften hot and dry parts, fuch as the heart; to facilitate
‘motion ‘in the principal parts, as in the griftles and jointings of the greater bones,

and about certain ligaments, as alfo-in the focket of ‘the eye, left by its continual

‘motion it fhould become dry and withered ; to ferve as a pillow or bulwark againtt
blows, bruifes, and contufions, and therefore the palms of the hands, buttocks, and
foles of the feet, have plenty of fat; to nourifh the body in time of Jong fafting +

to fill up the empty places in the mufcles, and to underprop the veffels, that they

may pafs fafely ; and laftly to. fill up all the vacuities of the other parts,
: i. that the body may be rendered {mooth, white, foft, fair, and beautiful.

therto we have treated of parts abfolutely fimilar; thofe which are ig only i in
earanc or to fenfe are in number five, viz. veins, arteries, nerves, atic and
Doness > ) all came we fhall now treat in order. jong 208

OF VEINS.

AVEIN alia, erin membrarious, round, long, hollow, part very ¥
joined by anaftomofes to the arteries; allotted ‘to receive and contain the’ ond
from them, to be farther concoéted, and to be carried to the heart and aes nr |

)) AND)PAMILY DISPENSATORY: > as

3 penne the whole body. ©The original-of their difpenfation, or place from
whence they rife, is the liver, where blood is made; and that the firft fanguification
-ismade there, and notin the heart, is apparent, becaufe there are no paffages to con-
vey the chylus to the heart, nor any receptacles for the'excrements of the firlt con-
-coction placed by the heart; all which requifites are’found in the liver. More-
ever blood is, carried, from the liver to the heart, but not from the heart to the
liver: for it cannot go.out of thesheart into the liver, becaufe of the valves, though
mediately, when.it runs back out of the arteries, it may be carried thither. Alfothe
ena cava sand portaenter not into the heart, but'the liver; atid, in a child in the
womb, the navel-vein with ‘blood (whith nourifhes the child) goes not into the heart,
_ but into the liver; nor is fanguification ever hurt but when the liver is hurt. The
veins have only one tunicle, with many valves’ within, efpecially in the external
jowts; they are nourifhed with blood, not with that contained within themfelves,
but with that from the litele arteries ; for their connection is fuch with the arteries,
that every vein is for the moft part attended with an artery/over which it lies, and
which it touches, Galen faith, a vein is feldom found without atteries: but no ar-
-tefyis-ever found without a vein. - Their form is:that of a conduit pipe ; ; their mag-
-nitade! according to their place: in the liver, and their: original, they are great, be-
~eaufe they are hort, foft, and in perpetual motion, and ‘becaufe all the blood. in the
“body 'pafies ‘this way, out-of the right into the left ventricle of the heart: in the
Cheartthey-are great, by reafon of its heat, and becaufe itis to furnify the whole body
With arterial blood, received-in, and fent out, by!continual pulfations:~ The-enil-
gent veins areigreat, becaufe of the plenty oftblood, sand ferofities, i he'ba
' from ithe’ kidneys to the wena cava: but, where the fubftancesof the part is lafting,
and the‘heat‘fimally the veins are lefs, ‘as in the brain, ibones, 8c; andiin all: parts
towards their ends they are very fmall, and ‘called capillary veins, "being ‘divided
“minutely, fprinkled into, and for the moft part confounded with, the flefh, by this
way the arterial blood is mediately paffed through the porous fiefh-to the veins ;
and, bythe fame way alfo, blood «made of. chyle in the liver is “infufed into the lit-
“tleibranches of the vena’ cava. The veins and arteries canfpire together, vand: mie
- vélns receive out of the arteries fpirit and:blood ; and this-is apparent, becaufe,.
_ the veins be quite emptied, the arteries.are empty alfo: moreover, by a vein, opened
. ithe arm‘or hand, all the blood in the body may be drawn out ; alfo it is neceflary
vin refed of. ee renmantees mean ach im many: — it may !besde-
nani y ithe rhts: v eC peepee a Heelies avtinh io toot s
= canna’ ir own membran Getic is one-only, where they ares
_ into-fome bowel ; oer hey ae belies invefted with a common membre

26 CUDPEPER’s' ENGLISH’ PHYSICIAN,

fone external ‘thick one, borrowed from the neighbouring parts, when either’ they
are fafpended and! carried a long way without the bowels and mufcles} or, “when
they re(t upon hardbodies, “This happens in the abdomen.to the veins and arteries
ftom the peritowendms and in the cheft from the pleura, Their ufeis'to receive the
blood not fuficiently elaborated from the arteries, and’to return i€ to the liver and
heart; there co bé’niore perfeétly concocted. For neither is the venab blood) nordo
'the-veins carry any thing ufeful for nutrition s but they bring back’all the blood to

othe heart, only by-circblation, either mediately by the liver, asthe mefaraic veins} or

© jmmediately, as the-savey/and that either from the whole body, from. the fmalleft

"branches to the gréateftp by the upper ant lower branch, or, from the liver, whe-

ther it be there generated; or is derived from the mefaraics and arteries, Hence it
‘appears, that the veins carry and re-carry the blood to the liver; and to this end
“the valves of the veins do confpire, which are fo contrived, that they ftand all wide
‘open towards the heart, and afford an eafy paflage from the fmalleft veins ‘tothe
‘greatett, and from thence to the heart} but, from the heart’ and ‘great’ veins’ being
. ‘hut, they fuffer nothing to go: back. The liver fends only t to the t hearty the heart
all parts, and cannot now be sn fbaiy? repaired by diet; nor return back to: thaeidane
by the mitre-fathioned valves of the aerta, nor abide ftill in the arteries, whieh are
continually moving forward the’ fame; nor laftly, that there can be'fo much dpent
by the parts to ‘be nourifhed: it neceflarily follows, that what remains over and
“above is brought back again to the heart, and enters the veins by circulation.” The
fubftance of the veins is membranous, that they may the more eafily ftretch and
“fhrink in again : they have only one tunicie which is proper to them, whieh is thin
“ahd rare’; it is fo thin, that through it the blood may be received after chesparts are -
“nourithed, and fo be re-carrjed to the heart, tobe there again perfected. “Thewalves
‘of the ‘veins ‘are little foldings, or gates : they are made of moft thin little:mem-
“branes in the inner cavities ‘of the veins, and certain particles as’ iv were of the
S€eats of 'the’’veins : they are fituated in the cavities of the veins chiefly of the
—e the armis and legs, after the glandules of the arm-holes and groins,
‘beginning prefently after the rifes of the branches, but nor in the rifes themifelves 5
oineiaiabd adgiar them in the external {mall veins, becaufe theyneed them nots
‘nor in the jugulars-(except two in the inner orifice, looking from above downwards),
-becaufe the blood doth hardty afcend upwards; ‘nor in-the ‘vena ca’va,’ ‘becaufe’ the
valves in the divarications do ‘fufficiently hinder the tegre(s of the blood: theyware
alfo found in'the emulgents, ‘and in the branchesof the mefentery,: looking towards
the vena cava and’ porta; as aifo in the milky ‘veins! “They “all of them Jook' the
fame way, ‘one after anather, -eowards the hitare anid ate placed: at convenient dic
hae 2 tances,

¥ AND FAMILY DISPENSATIORY oy

stances; as two, three, four, or five, fingers, between,each, according to the lengta
oof the vefiel..; As to their magnitude, they.are greater whece the plenty and recgurle
»of. the blood is. moft vehement, being in formlike the nail on a man’s finger or the
~ horned, moon, as the figma-fhaped valvesof the heatt ;. and. in. their fubftance ex- _
‘ceeding thin, but.very compact, leit. they fhould break, by a. ftrong intercourte of
othe blood.|. The.ufes of the valves are, 1. To ftrengthen the.veins, whereas the
arteries are otherwife made ftrong by the double coats, 2. To ftop the too violent
«motion.of the blood, left.it fhould move violently out,of the great veins into the.
little ones, and tear them. 3. To hinder the blood, from regurgitating,.or going:
backwards... Hence the caufe of a varix is. apparent, becaufe thick heavy blood.
. long. retained againft the valves makes a dilatation , for without the valves the. veins

» would {welluniformly and all of an equal bignefs, and not in the manner of. varices.
The chief veins of the whole body are of three kinds, fict, theveaa cava: Secondly
baht porta: thirdly, vene JaGee: from which feveral other eminent.veins arile,
ohaving particular denominations. The vena cava.or magna is. fo called. becaufe or

pits largenefs, being the greatett in the whole body, and the original of all other veins
-whieh-do. not proceed fromthe vena porta. It takes its beginning from the liver,
» where, having fpread many veins through the upper parts thereof, they are aboutthe
-gop collected into one trunk, which is prefently dividedinto two parts, viz, the. upper

or afcendant trunk, and the lower ordefcending trunk.

The afcending trunk of thevena cava, which is the greater, perinesirs i diaphrag-
<a or midriff, and. is {pread through the breaft, neck, head, and arms. Iti is carried
-undivided as far.as the jugulum,. and has four branches; viz. 1. Phrenica,, vena dis-
opbragmatica, the: midriff veins,.on cach fide one, which fend their branches to. the

> pericardium and diapbragma. 2. The vena coronaria, which i is fometimes double, encom-

> paffing the bafis of che heart, at whole rife alittle valve is placed, to. hinder the bload
returning to the trunk ;, and with a continued paffage it isjoined to. the artery, thar
~dt may. therefrom receive the blood, which is to return to the cava: 3, Azygos fai
- pari, the folitary vein, fends chief intercoftal branches to. the eight lower.ribs: arifing

about the fifth vertebre of the breaft, from the hinder part of the veya cavum, then,

_ about.the flefhy appendices of the diaphragma, it enters the cavity of the. abdanes,

. where.on the left fide it is: inferted: praca vein; on the right fide -into,the
trunk,of thecava, 4. Sudclavi ches of the cava by the.channel bones, are
adiciichiornem only. branes oon fieach de 5. each. of which. is; divided. inso
-¢ avit-and axillaris. From the fubclavis come forth two

Fyn me pr cin and mufcles of the Minder, part ofchesneski:
ee _— of the neck; and they arecither external or

internal,

as CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHY SICRLAN,

internal. Theexternal jugwlaricreeps up to the neck, chin, head, andeface ; : under
the'root of the earitds:divided into internalband. external branches ; the intern
tothe mutcles of the mouth; fauces, hyoides, &c, from. thisbranch, {pring the veins
which are opened under the tongue, The external is propped with kernels, and.is
divided into two parts: the one‘is carried to. the fore parts of the.face, .cheeks,. and
fofes and in-the middle of the forehead,. being joined with.a branch of. the. other
fide, it makes the vein of the forehead, the other is carried through ‘the fides, the
‘temples, and :the vccipusi » The internal jugular is called apoplefia, and afcends to
‘the fide of ¢rachea to whichit fends branches: and, going to the. bafis of; the kul
‘in its hinder part, itvis divided intotwo branches : the greater of which is carried
‘backward through the'‘hole- of the: os occipitus, and enters into the cavity of the
‘auramater or thickmeninx of the brain: the lefs enters in at the hole or fas of ‘the
‘third’and fourth pair, and is carried alfo to the dura mater. From the inferior
‘branch proceed five veins, the mammaria, intercaftalis Superior, meeiahipte 8 rusia
and wufeula inferior. be tage’ eit
“> The vena axillaris, or arm-vein, when it is come to the arm-pit, is Kisie
~ two veins, viz. the vena cephalica, or upper branch and the vena baji Lica, | or "Tower
‘branch, to which is added the mediana, The. cephalica, or ,head-vein, is _catried ja
the furface of the. body between the flefhy membranes and coat of the mulcles.
The Lefilica, or liver-vein, is placed near a nerve of the third and fourth | salt 5
_ and therefore furgeons in opening of it ought to be careful, left they wound
te from. whence follow great pain, fever, Eepreal ean and death. From the afl,
or lower branch, arife two veins: firft, thoracica Superior, which goes into the ‘inut- :
cles. of. the. chett, and into women’ s breatts ; fecondly, thoracica inferior, which
fometimes grows out of the fuperior, creeping all. over the fide of the chelt: 3 its
branches are joined by anaftomofis with the, branches of the AZ)EOS, which aA ti
soutof the cheft, The defilica is. divided (under the: tendon of the pe
ai into three branches : _ the firft. goes with the nerve of the: arm, the fecond i is es

, nal, which fends Veins to the thumb, fore and middle fi

.

“Singers ey Pea mutcles of the hand : the third, anee Jobeaaias, ok
aie felling of «1 the arm, is the inner branch of the Lagat wicca

nee fei Rad

is The defeending trunk’ of. the. ‘vena cava, “which” is Winattet' and’ nartor et, Pl
es undivided 2 as. | far as. the fourth vertebra Of the loins; and fends: for ,

‘bra hes. —s Vine adipife, ‘which furnifh the’ coats’ |
_ kidneys. fat, t he finifter being commonly higheF than’ the resale 7
<fmlgents 0 or ‘emulgent veins, defcending: to ‘the’ ‘kidh jeys” by” ‘wthoort!and won

‘AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 29

paffage; bringing back the blood, being purified, from the kidneys to the vere cava.
3: The jpermaticz, or {permatic veins, the right arifing a little below the rife of the
emalgent ; and the left arifing from the emulgent, feldom from the cava, fometimes
from both. 5. Lumbares, or loin-veins, fometimes two, three, or four, which are
carried between the four vertebre of the loins. «6. After thefe branches the trunk
goes towards the os facrum, and at the fourth vertedre of the loins itgoes under the
aorta, and is divided into two branches, called rami ilii or iliaci, becaufe they go over
the os ilii and os pubis, to the thigh: thefe diac branches, as foonas nie have left she
Cavity of the belly, are called vene crurales, or the leg-veins: ~
“From the rami ilii arife two veins: firlt, mufcula fuperior, which fend ‘veins to
the peritoneum, and mufcles of the loins and belly : fecondly, vena facra, which is
fometimes fingle, fometimes double, for the marrow of the os facrum. From thence
the ramus iliacus is forked out on each fide into the external greater and. internal
fmaller. From the internal finaller proceed two veins ; firft, mu/cula media without,
which fends veins to the mufcles on the outfide of the hip, and fkin of the buttocks:
fecondly, hypogaftrica, which is fometimes double, fending veins to many parts of
the bypogaftricum, as to the bladder and its neck, to the penis or yard, to the mut-
cles of the inteffinum rectum, whence are the Lemorrboides externa, and to the lower
fide and neck of the womb, when¢e are thofe veins by which the courfes flow
in: maidens and women with child ; but, when the courfes are naturally voided,
they flow from the arteries, as appears from their excellent colour and the common
office of the arteries, From the external greater proceed three veins: 1. Epigaf-
érica, which fend branches to the peritoneum and mufcles of the abdomen: the
principal j parts afcend under the right mufcles to the mammarie, with whom they
ATE often joined about the navel. 2. Pudenda, which fends to the privities in mén
‘and women, and goes z acrofs t to the middle of the os pubis. 3. Mufcula inferior, which,
_pafling over the hip, ferves the mufcle and fkin of the part ; from hence posses
‘the iliac branches, as foon ; as they have left the belly, are called crurals. ae
The crural veins are intervoven with: Tittle glandules in the bending of the thigh,
and from them proceed fix branches, 1. The ifebias or ifthiatica minor, which i is
_Oppofite to the faphena, and ferves the fkin and mufcles of the hip. 2. Uchias or
- Ytbiatica major fends branches to the hip, and a part to the mufcles of the calf, and
then divides itfelf into ten branches, beftowing a couple upon each toe. 3. Popiites,
‘the: ham-vein, made of a double crural. branch, mixed together: it runs ftraight
vunder the fkin behind through the midft of the bending of the ham to the eel,
and fometimes'to the fkin of the external ancle,. 4, Suralis, a great vein, and is di- oe
‘vided into the external ENT, internal and greater s and | each of chet acai
ea 28, -.. Fa eS

9 CULPEPER’: ENGLISH PHY sSICEAY,

into exterior and i interior; all. which fend veins tothe mufcles ofthe calves of ithe

Jegs. » Thofe on. the back of the foor, being mixed with the poplitea; makeithe 1 ‘<

fame various texture of veins, which, are feen. under. the {kin, $+ Sepena,({o termed
from, its apparency,). or vene maleoli, the ancle-vein, is Jong and. large, carriedidn
through the infide of the thigh, between the fkin and membrana carnofa, tothe knee,
and from thence, by'the inner part: of the leg, it runs to the inner*ancle vand to
theupper part of ithe footand toes:" 6. The mufcula, a vein arifing from the trunk
or branch hiddea among the mufcles: it is double, and remarkable, giving veins
to the mufcles of the ‘thigh.\As to the veins of both arms. aad legs, itis tocbe
noted 5 Grft, that:thetrcvarious branches fend diverfe twigs outward to the fkin,
called cutancous-veins : fecondly, that even the grand branches are varioufly diftri-
‘buted in every perfon, being feldom in one man as they are in another: and that the
ight arms»or legs rarely agree with the left. In. opening the veins of the foot,
‘you may indifferently make choice of any, feeing 3 they are all derived frgin Fauing
the fametrunk. ©: 55 8 ay igi
The vena porta, or gate-vein, is the next great vein to the cava; its) : prin ;
pees is the vena umbilicalis, or navel-vein, the firtt of all the veins carifing from
feed, and that by which the child is nourifhed in‘the womb afterwards it tiles -
out of the hollow part of the liver, where ‘with many roots it is inferteds” The
trunk, before it: is divided into lower branches, fends two fmall veins to the gall- :
bladder, ‘called vene cypice, and another vein to the. ftomach called gaftrice
dextra, which is divided about the lower orifice of the ftomach. : Afterwards the
‘trunk “is divided into: two eminent lower branches, “viz. the /pleneticy and the
Wiefenteric.” Ramus -fpleneticus goes into the fpleen. Before it is dividedy it fends
* ‘fronvitfelf two upper branches to the ftomach, firkt galtrica finiftra, or major, (che latg-
eft of all the ftomach veins,) which afterwards conftitute the coronaria’; then it fends
lower: branches, one to the omentum or caul, and one to:the pamcreas. Afterwards the
“trunk of the ramus Splenicusis divided into the upper and» lower: branches + the
former produces the vas breve and other little branches carried into the fpleen :
te tl . “sreund I. eae eaaane Si mifira, carrey runs out Jot: abe bottom of

‘et a Vena epiplois, which runs out upon’ the Gate! parts$ ‘gab! a mali ae
i: thier = ral’ ‘branches; which are fent up and down ali over the: ipieen. " -

n a ‘vena Lstrat ee rasnits dist whole Leper me

‘from whence certain spor? twigs go een she Ane and comnts uf Ww | 7
and | another to the right fide of the ftomach and dméntum. Afterwards the

(CAND FAMILY DISPENSA TORY. - 3t

ofthe ramus nefentericus is divided into two parts; thé right’ ahd’'the left. “The
right-hand branch is two-fold; "1i Gaftroepiploicadextra, which’ Putis to the bottom
ofthe -ftomachy and . joins) with | the gaffreepiploicd “fniftra, fending ‘branches
through the omentum, and ftomach. ) 2: ‘The right mefeatetic branch ‘itfelf, which is
divided into 14. namelefs little branches, and: thofe again into? innumerable other
ditde.veins,, which are, called meferaic veins,.and ate difperfed into the iyejunum, |
leon, cecum, and part of the.colon.,. The left-hand mefenterit -branchy sfirft,:-fends,
out the veza hemorrhoidalis interna, which difufes itfelf through the mefentery; and
fends forth branches to the fpleen,..womb, and vivte/tinam -ré#um, which’ is therin.
rernal, bemorrboigal vein: hence appears a communion: betweew:the womb»and
the bemorrboidal of ‘the anus, and that poMibly the courfes or terms’ may be-con-
veyed alfo this way. . Afterwards this left mefenteric.. branch. fpreads. itfelf: abroad
into the left and centrical part of the mefentery, whence: comes vena cecalisy which
‘goes; tothe blind Gut; and-ramus mefocolicus, which from the. lefe fide.of the
ftomach goes to the colons Vena. cava firft receives, the: cruder, blood: from the
-arteries; , and remits it to, the; heat: the vena porta takes .the blood: not, fufiiciently
elaborated, from the arteries, aad-carries it. to the ee fon pita more. a con- -
2 mandfeparationof the cholers,. > aeldab
a ‘The hemorrhoidal veins, are Gioate inthe fandament or esha welt titty aa ate
Of two kinds, either. internal or external. The internal. proceed from the vena porte;
theexternal from the vexa cava, with which. the hemorrhoidal atteries are af
fociatedy and through which the humours to be evacuated are carried off. In
theirevacuation, the internal have a flux, not very plentiful, attended with a great
deal of pains the external emit a flux; fo large.as may fometimes cauferteath, or fome

‘Sitvous. difeate, , but without » Phe, internal defcend alone, not
_ -alfociate d. with arteries + ho owever “i scemehet either hi den, or, they, depend on

varteries not far off; the external defcend. with arteries to the mufcles of the anus:
sand therefore the external hemorrhoids may. more properly:be, salleduale 4 beuior -
| Beatie whereby the arter ies $ are included with the veins, 2, E

, The vena laflea, or milky veins, are. peculiar. paflages, much. differing, pe

" ae meferaics:: Pik are called iets from anil, sti they. aefeaible in. sbi

- 233

oo runs upwards, and. ie the} i . : =

ft: GU Veith, where i it ends in one, eee Ce
ccurs at. the. very, end. of be, vei | i

92 CUB ESE Re ENGLISH PHYSICIAN, -——m

ideiet diy that the chyle might not run back again, or run farther into thearm: outof
this /ubclavial they defcend by the afcending trunk of the vena cava into the rightven. = *
tricle of the heart, that there, by the help of the heat and the natural faculty, they may

be changed into blood. Their fubftance is the fame with that of a vein itfelf, which

it refembles in all things, the milky juice only excepted ; having but a fingle mem-
brane, though in the mefentery they receive from it another external coat. They
grow continually one to another, of an unequal magnitude; being for the moft

part fmall, left the thick and unprofitable parts of the chy/e fhould go into them;

or left ‘they fhould make a diftribution. thereof too fuddenly : they are alfo infinite

in number, difperfed through the: liver, mefentery, Pancreas, and bowels. They —
are‘colder and moifter thafrelenon inary veins very thin;-exceeding fubtil, (where

they enter into the body of the liver,) tender » fr mooth outwardly, rare, but rough by
reafon of their fibres within them. The it action and ufe are, 1. To carry or “ont vey
the chyle to the liver. and better concoé the chyle, to make’
more fit to receive the form of blood i in the liver ; for the chy/e is not ch: od at all
till it comes into the liver, where i it grows tety ion and little. 3s me Z he
ready way for the Taemas of etna) is t iver, 1

are carried ithe ffomach, To thew,
of the chylous i ie maaeate f f ancholy > of of t
body for want of nourifhment, A yr at on of po i of the pat ei -
filled with fchirrous {wellings :« of x, termitting aguies quartered i in the a ae bee
The beft method of tracing the
main trunks, or primary veil S, and end with their ramifications and capillary ex ext!
mities, according to a eral divifions and fubdivifions. In this manner they
are traced in the annexe: *
body ; fig. 2, the veins. is ( radted from ae body; and {
_ Of each of which the following i is an explanation.

= a Vena cava, (fig. 1 and 2) 10, 10, Auxillary | veins
2. Cava defcendens ~ “Th. a1. Cephalic veins
+ ‘Cava afcendens- : | 12. 12. Bafilic veins”
4 ‘Vena azygos 13. 13. Vena mediana
te ‘Subelavian v veins — 14. 14. Diaphragmatic, hepa, and 1 - P
6. 6. Jugular veins external _..... naL.or emulgent, veins
7. 7. Jugular veins internal - 15. 15. Spermatic and iliac veins
8. Theintercoftals : -. 16. 16. Hypogaftric, epigattric, and cru-
9. 9. The mammary veins ; . ‘ral, veins.

Fig.

a ee a ee se, .

=

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY,. 33,

___ Fig. 3. reprefents the pulmonary yein in the time. of expiration ; a being its trunk,

cut clofe to the bafe of the heart; 4, 4, its divifions to the right and left lobe of the
lungs; ¢, the canalis arteriofus ; d, d, the extremities of the arteries freed from the
Veflicles of the lungs, and their inofculations with the pulmonary veins.

£

OF THE ARTERIES.

AN ARTERY is a fimilar, fpermatic, membranous, long, round, hollow, Party
a common pipe-like organ, confifting of a double coat proceeding from the heart,
joined every where to the veins, by the affiftance of many ofculations, containing
and carrying the nutritious blood and vital fpirits to all parts of the body. . It is
called arteria, from its containing and preferving air or fpirit, and therefore the an-
cients, as, Hippocrates, Plato, and Ariftotle, call the wind-pipe arteria magna: but
Galen makes a diftinction, and calls the wind-pipe a/pera arteria, the rough artery,
and thofe of which we here {peak arterie Jeves, the {mooth arteries, which Ariftotle
~ calls fometimes venam aortam, and fometimes fimply aorta. Their matter is a cold
clammy part of the feed: the original of their difpenfation is the heart, and they
proceed out of the left ventricle thereof, and not the middle (as Ariftotle would
have it); and therefore the aorta, or arteria magna, proceeds particularly from the
left ventricle: but the pulmoniac arteria (falfely called by the ancients vena arteriofa)
from the right ventricle. Their ule is, firft,.to carry the vital blood and fpirits,
made in the heart, to all parts of the body: fecondly, to breed animal fpirits in the
noble ventricle of the marrow, (to wit). the, brain: thirdly, for the nourifhment of
the body, and all its parts, which are only nourifhed by the arterial blood, and not
by the yenal: fourthly, to.carry the excrements of the body and blood, either to the
outward parts of the body, or, to the kidneys, or mefentery or womb, or hamor-
thoidal veins, &c. The arteries flow only by pulfation: whereby, firft, the heat
of the parts is cooled and tempered: fecondly, the nourifhing arterial blood is cait
continually into the fmalleft and moft remote arteries: which is proved by the
" continual pulfation of the heart, which drives the blood into the greater arteries :
thirdly, the ftagnation of the venal blood is hereby prevented: for the pulfation —
keeps it always in motion, by forcibly cafting the more than neceffary arterial blood
for fourifhment into the veins, which convey it to the heart for fupply, left, it
thotlid be deliitate “Of ic fanguine humour by its continual expulfion. The
baits ck re Bote or. pulie, is, according to Bartholine, from both the blood
filling, and the faculty of the arteries directing. But I judge the caufe to be.
fpirit, wind, air, or breath: for, if you blow with a reed or pipe being put into
28. — . K —*

34 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,
water, it will make an “apparent pulfation or bubbling, much more if the water wat.
“eentained i in jong narrow veffels with valves, that it might not return backs” but,
if you fuck with'the prpe, then it runs fmoothly, without pulfation’ of leaping?
therefore thé blood in the arteries hows with pulfation, from the expulfive Faculty
of the heart, caufed by its fpirits ; but it flows in the veins f{moothly, or without pul
fation, becaule it is fucked or drawn back again by the attractive faculty, caufed
by want of fpirits, or blood, or their being wafted by the heart's perpetual expul-
“fation: The fituation of the arteries is deep, always under the veins both in the
external and internal parts, the abdomen, a little below the kidneys, only except-

ed; for, after that the vena cava and aorta defcending fram the diaphragma have pat
be the region of the kidneys, the cava hides itfelf under the aorta, through all. that

region, till they pafs out of the abdomen; and then the artery again hides ittelf |
. tinder the cava. The magnitude of the aorta is very great, but the defcendant ‘part
_ “Ws greater than the afcendant, becaufe the number of the internal parts is ‘greater
“than of the external. The number of the arteries is lefs than of the veins, becatife
the paffage of the blood is quick through the arteriés, but flow through the veins;
‘but there are more arteries than we can well difcern, becaufe the capillary arteries
‘are'very much like the veins. Their fabftance i is ‘membranows, fo that they ‘canbe
“both diftended and contra&ted more than the veins; and it confifts of two peculie
“tunicles; the exterior is thin, foft, and rare, like the tunicle of a vein; the interior
» 48 compaét, hard, and very thick, five times thicker than the tunicle of the veins 5
“that thereby thé arteries’ may be ftrong to endure their perpetual motion, and” fo
ap in their thin and fpitituous blood, ‘which would foon vanifh and fly away.
The arteria magna, or aorta, the great and chiefeft artery, comes from the: left ven-
» thicle'of the heart, with a ‘wide orifices it°has a double tunicle, the jinnermoft of
“which is five times thicker, left,’ by continual pulfation about the hard and: folid
parts, it might incur an incurable rupture. From the ventricle of the heart, before
9 perforates the pericardium, it fends forth t to the heart itfelf the coronary artery,
“which: as the bafis of the heart, fometimes fingle, fometimes double Ae

PS cs “&
Ph

a ‘The firaller or attendee tank of the aorta; or arteria magna, neath upon nthe
“ wind-pipe, provides for all the parts about the heart,” and is ‘divided into ro fab- :
~~ davial! ‘bratiches, the latter rifing lower, and: going more obliquely to the arm 3 ; ; the
“other, béfore they go out of the’ thorax, (for afterwards they are Called ‘axillares,)
> produce the intercoftales Juperiores, proper to three or four upper ribs: from their
none? part arife four arteries : 1. mammarie, which go to the paps; 2 a
whit

/ AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY.. 85
which goto the mufcles of the neck; 3. arteria mujcule, which are approximate to
the jugular veins; 4. the, carotides, or fleep-arteries, which, are two, unequal, and af

cend. upwards to the head by the fides of the wind-pipe, being. knit to the internal
jugulars: when. they come to the fances, before. they enter the fcull, they give
branches to the /aryax and tongue, and then they d ivide themfelves into the carotis
‘ externa and carotis interna, The carotis externa, being the {maller, fusnithes the cheeks
and mutfcles of the face: at the root of the ears it is divided into two branches;
| the firft is fent to the hinder part of the ear, whence arife. two other. branches,
which go to the lower jaw, and the root of all the lower teeth : the fecond goes to »
the temples, the forehead, and mufcles of the face. The. corofis interna at the
faddle of the os /phenoides, under the dura. mater, makes the reta mirabile, then
-paffes through the dura mater, and fends forth two branches: the firft, which is the
fmaller, goes with the optic nerve to the eyes: the fecond, which is the greater, af-
cends to the fide of the glendula pituitaria, and is diftributed ihc the bite mater
and the fubftance of the brain. |
When the fubclavial branches have left ai breaft or shinies they are called olan:
and carry nourifhment tothe outward part of the breaft, and tothe whole arm. From
the axillares axife the thoracica, fuperior, or upper breaft-artery; thoracica inferior, or
lower breatt-artery; the /cupularis, or fhoulder-blade artery. From the upper part
of the fame axillaries arifes the Aumeraria: the remainder goes from the, axillary on
each fide to the arm; where it is carried along through the arm, defcending-be-
tween the mufcle, with a.vein and nerve of the arm. Under the bending of. the
elbow,.i it is\divided into two branches, the upper and the lower, which accompany
the branches.of the vena cava, and are called by the fame names. The upper goes
~ right forwards through the middle to the wrift, where the pulfe is commonly felt :
"from thence, proceeding under the ring-fhaped ligament, it beftows branches upon
>the thumb, fore-finger, and middle-finger. The lower branch runs through the
- lua. to the wrifts, and fends twigs to the ring or little fingers, and fo proceeds to
“the wrift beneath, wheré'the pulfe may alfo be felt, efpecially in fuch as are lean,
and havea ftrong pulfe; but the beating of the pulfe is much better felt in the
iat branch, that being lefs covered or hid by the tendons. : |
‘The defcending trunk of the aorta fends out branches from itfelf unto 0 the thorax,
. ini and thighs. From the'thorax it fends forth two arteries: 1. the interco/-
. tales inferiores,, which rans to the intervals of the eight lower ribs, and. the neigh-
--bouring mufeles +: 2. the pbrencay which fends to the diapbragma or midriff, and
“igetinmaeor or hence one of the trunk pierces vapors ses ical :
soy :ofeptum,

we

1 fo On cent aH!

Septum, and fends ramifications through the abdomen ;: fome of which £0 along with
branches of the vena porta; others the branches of the vena cava.
Afterwards the, arteria magna, or. aorta, haftens the beginning of the 0s facrum,
where it goes above the vena cava, and no longer under, left,..by reafon of its con-
_tinual motion, it fhould be hurt againft fome bone;. and here. it ds called the iliac
artery. It is divided like the vena cava into two iliac trunks, .and each trunk into
.an inner. and lefs branch,, and into an outward and greater, which go to the thigh.
Thefe trunks fend out on each fide fix branches: 1. the Sacra, immediately after the
bipartition : 2, mu/cula inferior: 3. Aygogaftrica : 4, umbilicalis : which laft three come

~ from the inner trunk: 5. epigaftrica: 6. pudenda : which two laft come from the ex-

terior trunk.

The reft of the artery (out of the abdomen), being carried to the thigh, changes

‘aig

itsname, and there makes the crural arteries ; from whence on each fide {pring bran- —

_ ches above and under the ham. Above the ham, from the outward. part of the

trunk : 1, mu/cula cruralis externa, to the foremoit mufcles of the thighs, from thein-
ner: 2. mu/cila cruralis interna, which go to the inner mutcles of the thigh ; and this
is mixed at the knee with a little twig.of the bypogaftrica. Under the ham arife, 1.
poplitcas, which goes to the hinder mufcle.of-the thigh : 2. Juralis, which is divided
into, firlt, tibicus exterior s fecond, pofterior altus ; third, pofterior bumitis, for the mufcles
Of the leg: 3. the laft of them is fent to the foot and toes, all along accompanied with
the veins, from which they borrow their.names. © Toenter into a more minute detail
of their fubdivifions wopld be ufelefs 3 the arteries being: all delineated on the annex-
ed plate, with references to their feveral names, as follows: —
1. Aorta, cut from its origia at the left ventricle of the heart. . 2.2. Trunks of
the coronal arteries. 3, The three femilunar valves. 4. 4. Subclayian arteries.

_S. 5. Carotid arteries. 6.6. Vertebral arteries, 7.7. Arteries of the tongue, &c.

_8. 8. Temporal arteries. a1. 11. Occipital arteries. 13. 13. Contorfions of the
_farotides: 15.15. Ophthalmic arteries, 16. 16. Arteries of the cerebellum. 18. 18.
sy Ramifications of the arteries. within the fcull. 19. 19. Arteries of the larynx.

- 21.21. Mammery arteries, 23. 24. 25. 26. Arteries of the arm. 27. Arteries of the
= hand and fingers. 28. 28. Defcending trunk of the aorta. . 29. Bronchial artery-

31. 31. dntercoftal arteries. . 32. Trunk of the coeliac artery. 33. 33- 33° Hepatic

lois. 40.40.-Phrenic arteries, 41. Trunk of the fplenic artery. 43: 4+

#acta. - 53. 53, Iliac arteries. 54. 54. 58.58. Lliaci extern 55+ .

“34 Asteria cyftica, 35+ 36-: 37+ 38.39. Arteries of the ftomach, pylorus, _

2B OWI Mefenteric-arteries. 49, 49, Emulgent arteries. 51. 51. Spermatic arte-

i ms
‘ 5
:

The Arteries of the Human Body

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 37

59.59. lliaciinterni. 56. 56. Umbilical arteries. 57. 57. Epigaftric arteries. 60.
62. Arteries of the penis and pudendum. 61. 61. Arteries of the bladder. 69. 69.
0, 70. Crural arteries. 72. Arteries of the leg. 73. Arteries of the foot.

OF THE NERVES,

A NERVE or finew is a fimilar, fpermatic, membranous, long, and white, hol-
low part: a common organ, ferving to carry the animal fpirits into all parts of the
body for fenfe and motion. Its efficient caufe is the vis nervifica, the nerve-making
power or faculty: its matter is a cold and clammy part of the feed. Their original
difpenfation is from the medulla oblongata, partly as it is within the fkull, and
partly as it is in the back-bone. Their end and ufe is to carry the animal faculty
with the animal fpirits from the brain, for the fenfe and motion of the whole ©
body. And therefore the nerves inferted into the parts, give either fenfe alone, or
both fenfe and motion, there being neither without help of a nerves for, a nerve
being cut, the fenfe and motion of the part is loft. But this fenfe or motion is ac-
cording to the parts where they are diffeminated, becaufe the nerves of themfelves
are neither fenfitive or motive: if they are inferted into mufcles, (the organs of
motion, ) they are termed nervi motorii, motive nerves; if into the inftrument of fenfe,
_nervi fentientia, the fenfitive. Their fituation is for fecurity, deeper than that of an
“artery : their magnitude is various, according to the nature of the organ, and
dignity of the action. Thofe of the eyes are great, becaufe of the action ; thofe
of the limbs, very great and thick, becaufe of their diftance and magnitude; thofe
of the fenfory parts are in a middle proportion ; thofe of the neareft parts, as in
the mufcles of the face, are the {malleft of all. The number of the nerves are
taken from their conjugations or pairs, and are fo called, from their coupling or
being double, for that they fprout out on both fides, except the laft or loweft, pro-
ceeding from the fpinal marrow. The form or figure of the nerve is long, round,
and fmooth, like conduit pipes: folid to appearance, having no fuch hollownefs as
the veins and arteries have; but they have cavities or pores, for the carrying off the
animal fpirits, though not perceptible to the eyes. The fubftance of all the nerves
is compofed of many nervous fibres, which grow mutually together by little mem-
branes; and this fubftance is thought to be three-fold: 1. the internal white and
marrowith, from the marrow of the brain, but more compact and thickened: 2.
an inner coat, from the pia mater; @ an outward coat, from the dura mater ; but
thefe things fenfe cannot difcover.' The fubftance of the nerves are alfo either
harder or fofter: the harder are-fuch as either go a great way, or through fome
hard body, or by acrooked way, or are ordained for motion, which requires ftrength ;
29. a ani

3 CULPEPER’s 2NGLISH PHYSICIAN,

and all parts which have voluntary motion have hard nerves, for that which jg
hard is fitted to aay. that which jis foft to Laffer : the fofter nerves: are: fuch ag. are
the fhorteit, and which, belong to-the organs of the fenfes, as the feeing,. tating,
hearing, and {melling, which laf are the fofteft of alls. and thefe require foft nerves,
Aas being the objects of fuffering. _ As their sufe is to carry the animal {pirits\ and
faculties into al] parts for fenfe and motion; fo, if they be obftructed jin their ori-
ginal, or beginning, or totally, they both perith, and an apoplexy is caufed: if the
" obftru@tion be, but in part, then one part is deprived of fenfe and motion: if they
are cut afunder, the motion of the part into which they are inferted is loft: more-
over, the nerves diffufe animal light into the parts, by which they are directed. in
their Operations. _ Hence it appears how neceffary it is for a phyfician to know the
nerves, their original, differences, and diftribution, that he may underftand to what
part of the (pina dorfi topic medicaments are to be applied, when fenfe or motion.is
hurt in the face, neck, arms, hands, mufcles of the belly, womb, bladder, anus,
) yard, thighs, legs, or feet. Moreover the caufe of the gout feems chiefly to. be the
extravafating of the nervous juices for the nervous juice, being over-heated or rari
fied by too much heat, cannot be contained in its proper place; but feeking, more
room flies out of the folid capacity of the nerve (its proper domicil) into the hol-
low of the nerve, the channel of the animal fpirits, thereby interfering with-them,
caufing an extenfion of the nerve, oppofition, and confequently pain, | In thean-
nexed plate all the nerves are delineated, agreeable to.the following defcription and
‘atrangement. L 2 i Beis 5.
The nerves of the brain are nine Pair. 1. The olfactory pair, (fig. 2.)4 a, which, *
pafiing through the os cribrofum, are fpread over the membrane of: the noftrils.
“22 Theoptic pair, 2, which by their expanfion form the retina of the eye. 3. The
_ ‘Motary pair of the eyes, ¢¢, each of which is. divided, near the orbit, into fix parts, “6
oF branches; of which, im-human fubjeéts, the firft branch goes to the elevator
opa pebize 5 the fecond, to the elevator of the eye; the third, to the deprefior s the |
urth p tothe adducent; the fifth to the inferior oblique mufcle; and the fixth

Saale |

=}

t €.tul ics of the eye; but, in other ‘animals, they are divided much’ thei tHe
thetic pair, dd, which are very fmall, and run to the trochlear m i :
Phe guitatory pair, which are very large, and:divided within the cra:

.

.

umeintel three branches,.£ f, immediately under the dura mater figheesees
“branchyealled:the ophthalmic, runs to various parts of and about the eye, the ie
‘Adsscthe mibfeles.of the forehead ‘and nofey and the ‘integuments of the fate: i -
Aecond branch may be called the fuperior maxillary one, ‘as being finally dift i i Ee
" Sroughall-partsof the upper jawy' the lips, ‘nole, palate, ce ee

bis,

=

‘AND FAMILY! DISPENS At9 RY, / 39

branch of ‘it alfo runs to theeary and, joining‘ with a’ branch of the feventh pair,
forms the chorda tympani, ‘The third branch may be called the maxillaris inferior,
‘as being diftributed over the feveral: parts of the lower jaw, thé tongue, and other
parts of the mouth 5 whence the whole pair of nerves has obtained the name of par
. gufatorinm 5 though a great part of them ferves to. very different: purpofes, and is
catriedto!parts that have nothihg'to do with rafting!” 6, "Phe abducent | pait, & g,
except a branch for the formation of the intercoftal nerve, is wholly catried t6 the
abducent mufcle of theeye, whence its name. The intercoftal nérve (fig. rand
2)¢7i, 11, m, &c. is formed-either of ramifications of the ‘two preceding nerves,
‘or only of thofe “of the fixth pair. It makes its way out’ ‘of the cranium by the
paffage of the internal carotid, and'defcends near the eighth pair through the neck ,
‘and thence through’ the breaft and@abdomen, evento the pelvis; and, in its "way,,
makes various plexufes and ganglia, ‘and fends branches to almoft all the parts ‘con-
tained in the breaft and abdomen. | 7. The raditory pair, b b, arife with twotrunks,
othe one of which isealled the portio dura, or hard portion; thesotherthe portio
amollis, or foft ‘portions ‘Dhis olaft enters the foramen of ‘the’ o$ petfofum, and
“thence through various little apertures gets into the labyrinth of tlie ear, where it is
expanded over “all its parts, and confticutes the primary organ’ ef hearing. The
harder portion; paffing the aqueedu& of Fallopius, fends back ‘ene branch’ into''the
cavity of the cranium; it alfo fends off another branch, which helps. to. formthe
chorda- tympani x and others to the ‘mascles.of the tympanum, The reft of this
pair goes tothe external ear; the.pericranium, the muicles ‘of the os: hyoides,.the
lips, the eye-lidsyand the,parotids. .8., The par-vagum, 4. &,..with the.,accaffarius
of WdlUnpneds apka neat the lateral finules of the dura mater; end, defcending
eck.and,thorax.to the abdomen, fend out branches by.the way. £0 the
x, {the the -heart,. the lungs, and efpecially 10, theftomach, [rt alfo
hate ss thempper part of the thorax large branches, which are varioufly im-
plicated inthe-neck, thorax, and abdomen, with the liaguals, thercervicals,and'the
intereottals, 9.\‘Fhelingual-pair go immediately to the.tongue, and are called by _
feme the motor pasreesbinhe me bei by ote sata + Seapine
FACOFY NEFVESs ia oat bth tect
sai aceibtensiy: fays EXeifter, sasnaliecesitie’ iactadicts ve pent
_ Writers have called the tenth pair of the head, are, for many unan{werable oa
to be properly called the firft pair of nerves of the neck. Of the nerves which.

arife from the fpinalymarrow there are properly sthirty-two pair. T hofeof: thie Sa

neckiare no lef than eight pair; and from them there are innumerable ranches
Ailtribured sheoogh, the mufcles of the head, the neck, the fcapula, and ele.

geek E

40 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHY StChAN;-. 4

merus, marked A, B, C, D, &c. toOO, the eighth and laft pair: from the third,
fourth, and fifth, pair, are formed the nerves of the diaphragm ; and the fixth,
feventh, and eighth, pair, together with P P, the firft pair of the back, form the fix
sobuft nerves of thearm and hands. To this divifion is the acceffory fpinal nerve
of Willis to be referred, which arifes about the origin of the third or fourth pair,
The nerves of the back are twelve pair, marked P P, QQ, R, S, &c. toZ, and —
«, 8, &c. which, befides the branch they give to the brachial nerves, run entirely in
the fame furrow along the courfe of the ribs, and are difperfed over the pleura, the
intercoftal, pectoral, and abdominal, mufcles, the breafl, and other partsof the thorax, 3
The nervesof the loinsarefive pair, marked +, 9, #,T,©; with their branches, Hy |
&c. Thefe are in general difperfed over the loins, the peritoneum, and the i ategu

ments and mufcles of the abdomen: and, befides this, their firft pair often gives, “Bs
“on-each fide, abranch to the diaphragm. The fecond pair, after inofculating with
the branches of the firft, third, and fourth, pair, forms the crural nerves, 66, 77, —
8 8, &c. which are diftributed over the anterior part of the thigh: and, in the fame
manner, a branch is formed of the conjunétions of the fecond, third, and fourth,
Pair, which paffeth through the great foramen of the os pubis to the fcrotum, the —
tefticles, and the adjoining parts. The fourth and fifth pair of the nerves of the
Joins, joining with the firft, fecond, third, and fourth, pair of the os facrum, com —
pofe the nerve called ifchiatic, which isthe largeft in the body, being marked 3 35
in fig. 2. it defcends along the hinder part of the thigh, and its branches are diftri-
buted over the whole leg, the foot, and toes; being marked 15, 17, 18, 8c.
The nerves of the facrum form five or fix pair, though not always determinately
and regularly fo: they pats through the foramina of this bone, and the fuperior —
ones of them, as already obferved, compofe the ifchiatic nerve ; and what remains is
difperfed, in a multitude of ramifications, over the parts contained in the pelvis, the
‘inteftinum rectum, the bladder, the parts of generation, and the parts adjacent: —
‘They are marked, in the figure, a, =,11, 5, 8c. Boy Fea
‘We thall only add, that 1, 1, fig. 2. reprefent the brachial nerves 5k» 2, &cc. the
‘communications of the vertebral nerves with the intercoftals ; i, remarkable com-
munications between the phrenic nerves and the intercoftals 3 by By ty Oe the nid
ceffory nerve of the eighth pair; x x, the phrenic nerves ; and zz, the nerves which

~

oe, Sang F THE MUSCLES.

A MUSCLE is a fimilar, fpermatic, fanguinous, membranous, flefhy, fibrous,
a 2th and the inftrument of voluntary or free motion. It is compofed of fibres, for |
pee ss tention of the motion; of fieth, for the fubftance ; of tendons, which ac

-

ne epee

a

439

Lhimun Pody

TheNovea

x.

ofthe

«

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY, 41

the action; of arteries, by which it is nourifhed; of veins, which carry back the
fuperfluous nourifhment; of nerves, which give fenfe, and convey the motive fa-
culty to the brain ; of membranes, which encompafs and keep the mufcles together ;
of fat, which moiftens them, and keeps them from being dried by too much mo-
tion. The fibres and flefh are only extended according to the ftraight pofition of
the fibres; the tendon is in the beginning and end; the arteries and veins run
through the fubftance of the mufcle; the nerve, as foon as it is entered into the fub-_
ftance, is difperfed into a great number of twigs, which end in it, and become in-
confpicuous; the membrane is proper to the mufcle only, and fprings either from
the tendons, or is framed by nature in the firft conformation of the parts; the fat
lies in void {paces to prevent a vacuum or emptinefs. The action of a mufcle is
voluntary or free motion. This action or motion is three-fold: firft, when the
mufcle is contra¢ted towards its head within itfelf; thereby relaxing the oppofite
muicle: fecondly, when the motion is tonic, fo that being contracted it remains fo;
thefe two motions are primary, per /e, and not accidental: thirdly, when (after con-
traction) it is relaxed, or reftored to its former pofition, which motion is acciden-
tal, and proceeds from another ; and therefore mufcles are always placed one againft
another as antagonifts. The manner of this a¢tion or motion varies according to the
variety of parts; for, in the throat, it is fwallowing; in the arm, bending and
ftretching forth; in the anus, expulfion and retention ; &c. This motion is vo-
luntary or free ; for we can haften or flacken, make or ftop, this motion, as we
pleafe - but there are fome fingular mufcles, as of the infide of the ear, the midriff,
the mufcles of the cheft, and of the eye-lids, whofe motion is partly voluntary,
partly natural, becaufe they often perform their aétions when we have no thought
or will thereto. Thofe mufcles which only perform continual or {trong motions,
which are all fuch as are appointed for moving the bones, have tendons; but thofe
which move other parts, as the tongue, lips, forehead, face, bladder, anus, &c.
feldom have any ; for the mufcles move themfelves only, as thofe of the anus and
bladder : or they move with themfelves and the skin alfo, as in the lips, forehead,
‘and face: or they move a bone, and fuch, by reafon of the ftrong motion, require
tendons. The diverfity of this motion comes from the diverfity of the fituation:
fo a ftraight mufcle has a ftraight motion ; a tranfverfe, a tranfverfe motion 3 an
oblique, an oblique motion ; and that which compafles a part has an orbicular
motion, as the fphinéters. The efficient caufe of thefe actions, or motions, is the
foul of the creature, inclined thereto by the appetite or will: now the foul ufes
three inftruments to perform the action : firft, the brain, to receive the charge;
fecondly, the nerve, to carry it to the mufcle ; thirdly, the mufcle, to perform the
- 99: M action

~ CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

aétion itfelf. "The'differences of mufcles are various : firft, from theit Tubftance;
fome are flefhy, as feveral of the tongue and larynx; fome membranous, as the con-
ftriores of the nofe; fome partly flefhy, partly nervous, as the temporal mufeles!
fecondly, from their quantity; the greateft of all is the firft of thofe which extend
over the breaft; for it afcends from the end of the os facrum, to the’ firft’ vertebra
of ‘the thorax: the leaft of all is the internal mufcle of the ear: thirdly, from their
fituation : fourthly, from their figure, or form, or number, as the mufcle del
toides; the mufcle’ bicipites, having two heads; alfo. fome have two tails: fifthly,
from their beginnings ; fome proceed from bones, fome from cartilages,’as. thofe
of the larynx; fome from tendons, as the lumbricales: fixthly, from the aétion;
fome move by ‘fympathy, as the fraterni, or congeneres, or by antipathy, as the -
antagonifte ,; fome move themfelves only, as the fj phinéters ; fome move other parts;
fome have only one motion, as moft of the mufcles ; fome have more than one, as
the maffeter and trapefius; fome are flexores, fome exten/fores, fome rotatores, fome
Supinatores. As to its being a fimilar part, it is only faid to be fo according to fenfe
or appearance 3 and that it is fuch, it appears, forafmuch as it forms not of itelf
alone the moft fimple organical part, as a fingér or toe, &c. but they take into
their compofition, with a mufcle, feveral other fimilar parts, as bones, cartilages,
membranes, skin, &c. Moreover a truly diffimilar or organical part is only found
in itfelf, not in other parts: but a mufcle, as it is but a part of all diffimilar parts,
fo it goes univerfally or every where to the conftitution of all organical iiss esi
even the moft fimple organical parts do not.
The mufcles of the head are either proper, from which comes the primary mo-
tion upon the firft vertebra, to which it is immediately and clofely joined, being
bent forward and backward, or turned round; and they arein number eighteen
fingle, or nine pair: or common, which are thofe, which together with the head
move | the neck, and thefe are the mufcles of the neck, of which in their proper place.
The fie pair is called fplenius or fplenicus, or triangularis; it proceeds from the
ick vert ebra 0 of the breaft, is fpread out on each fide upon the vertebra, reaching to
et op 1 ver ebra of the neck, from whence it is carried to the middfe of the occi-
its. us Bp. draw the head poe backwards: but, if only one of the mufeles

a>

after #, differen manner Selinated | in the occiput, The third pair. is ‘called ee
. fecundo, and inferted into the hindermoft root of the proceffus mammillaris : its ule is 3

ly to bring the head backwards; or backwards to one fide, if but one bgt
| cle

“AND FAMILY DISPENSATARY. 43

cle acts.'. The fourth pair, called reé#i majores, are fmall, flelay, and lean, and {pring
_ from the edge of the fecond fpondil or vertebra of the neck, ending in the middle of
the occiput. The fifth pair, called refi minores, lie concealed under the former,
proceeding from the back part of the firft {pondil, or vertebra of the neck, and is
inférted into the occiput; its ufe is the fame with the. third and fourth pair, The
fixth pair is called ob/iqui majores , it lies beneath and {prings from the procefs of the
firft vertebra, and ends in the occiput, by the outfide of the reff. The feventh pair
is called obliqui-minores, it arifes from the fecond vertebra of the neck, is inferted
into the tran{verfe procefs of the firlt vertebra, and terminates in the occiput + the ufe
of thefe two oblique pair is to bring the head about to the fides... The eighth pair,
called ‘maftoides, is placed in the forepart ; they arife for the moft part double, longs
and round, in the forepart of the neck, from the upper part of the feruum ot brea{t-
bone, and-midft of the elavicula, and is obliquely inferted into the mammillary,
procefs, which itembraces; its ufe is to turn the head, The ninth pair, called
fallopiani, \ies under the throat in the forepart of the neck, and near the firit pair of
the neck ; it arifes nervous from the ligaments of the vertebra of the neck, and is
inferted into the bafis of the head, which itturns in like manner asthe former.
The mutfcles of the forehead have their original from the upper parts of the fore-
head and skull, near the coronal future, and, being fpread out upon the bone there-
of, they end at the eye-brows, that they might lift them up, being fevered in the
midft of the forehead, right above the nofe; but knit at the fides to the temporal
mufcles. | di Ase
The mufcles of the occipus, or hind part of the head, are rather membranes, which
draw. backwards the skin of the head, in fuch perfons as haye the skin moveable.
The two eye-lids are moved by-four mutcles: the firft is the frentalis, which ee
ftraight, belonging to the upper .eye-lid, to lift up the brow. BS a ae
mufculus ciliaris primus, which compaffes about each of the eye-lids. The t , Sa “
mufiulus ciliaris fecundus, which is drawn out under the eye-lids, and arifing from
circumference af the ordita, or focket of the eye; the ufe of thele ciliaris as tS fhut
the eye-lids, ‘The fourth is ordicularis major ; it is of a finger’s breadth, sig igiba
the furface of the orbita, or focket, and being placed under each eye-lid, and reach- :

ing as far as the eye-brow, it clofely fhuts the eye-lids, by Iifting up the lower, and

drawing down the eye-brow.

‘ ot

Tie me hice,

~

4 CULPEPER’ ENGLISH PHYSICIAN;

called deprimens (the depreffer) and wmujftulus bumilis; it is placed oppofite to the
other, and draws the eyes downwards towards the cheeks. The third is called-ad
ducens, the drawer to ; alfo /eforius, the reading mufcle, becaufe it moves the'eyelin-
wards towards the nofe. The fourth is called abducens, the drawer from, becau eit”
draws the eye to the outward corner; it is alfo termed the indignatorius, as being the —
mufcle of indignation. Al) thefe four mufcles have the fame original, progrels, and
end; the beginning of them all is acute, near the hole where the optic nerve « neers
into the focket of the eye, from the membrane whereof they arife, their bellyis fefhy
and round, and their end a very imall tendon: by-all thefe four acting together, the
eye is kept from ftirring. The fifth moufcle, called obliguus major, or fuperior
arifes from a common beginning with the firft four, is carried right out to the inner
- corner of the eye, where it pafles out and afcends in’a right angle to the upper fide
of the cornea: this mufcle is the {malleft ofall, and has the longeft. tendon, -by \
which it wheels the eye about unto the inner corner... The fixth motcle, called abli.
quus internus minor and inferior, is a fhort, lean, round, and oblique, mufcle,) ne
between the eyes and tendons of the fecond and third mufcle; it fprings ft
lower and almoft outward part of the orbit of the eye, and, afcending by the out
ward corner to the upper part of the eye, is inferted into the cor#ea by the region of
the iris. It whirls about the eye obliquely downwards to. its external or eat
corner. ay kien)
~ The mufcles of the external part of the ear are fin pair; of cae nobis

two pair; but in moft people the ears are immoveable, becaufe of the {mallnefs of
the mutcles and little need of their motion. Of the four firft mufcles, three are
common with other parts; the fourth is proper to itfelf. “The firft mufcle-is called
deprimens, common to the ear and each lip, and is a part of the firft’ nvfele-which
Toves the cheeks and fkin of the face, and is called: guadratus, the fquare:
“very thin and broad, and is implantéd into the root of the-ear, and pulls it down.
‘fecond is called antrorfum ducens, or the drawer forwards; it isa part of the —
«frontal mufcle, which is carried above the temporal mufcle, and is inferted into the
upper part of the ear. The third mutcle is called retrorfium ducens, OF abducens aa
- pofteri ora, the drawer back, and arifes from a part of the occipital mmufele, above she |
+ procefits mammillaris, with a narrow beginning, from whence, growing, broader, it!
‘carried downwards tranfverfely, and inferted into the hinder part of the ¢at te
fourth mufcleis-called ¢riparitus, or attolens, the lifter ups it arifes from the pr: ce
- mammillaris, and being, broad it grows narrow by little and little, till at laft it €

in a tendon, and is inferted into the root of the ear. This is the only props mul :

-to ae ear, and is rather three-fold; becaufe it has three infertions, though al are

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 45

from one place. The fifth mufcle which belongs to the internal part of the ear is

called externus : it is very {fmall, fpringing from the skin and membrane which cover
the paflage of the ear; then, becoming flethy, it paffeth by a fhort tendon to the out-
ward part of the ¢ympanum, and is inferted about the center of it. The fixth mufcle
which belongs to the internal part of the ear is called internus : it is fmall, and placed
within the os petrofum, with a double tendon, one part of which is fixed to the higher
procefs of the malleolus or hammer, the other to its neck. It arifes from the balis of
the wedge-like bone, then becomes fomewhat flefhy, afterwards r narrower, and ends
ina doubletendon. Its ufe is to draw the head of the hammer obliquely inward.

_ The nofe has eight mufcles, or four pair, efpecially in large. nofed people, but they
are {mall, becaufe the motion of the nofe is little. The firft pair are called openers
or wideners: they are flefhy, arife from the cheek-bone near the mufcle of the lips
and fides of the nofe; they are inferted partly into a part of the upper li lip, partly
into the lower wing, and end in the top of the nofe. The fecond pair is called
eretiores ox aperientes, openers : they are moftly triangular, and with a harp and ficthy
beginning {pring from the future of the forehead by the foramen lachrymale, under
the tear glandule, and, cleaving to the bone, are outwardly inferted and carried to the
os wings, or fides of the nofe. The third pair are called confiringentes,, or pulling
> they are little, arife flefhy about the roots of the pine, are carried along
clinica and inferted into the corners of the wings: their ufe is a little to fhut
the noftrils.:: The fourth pair are called deprimentes : thefe are exceeding firm, . and
membranous, lie hid under the coat of the noitrils in the inner part: they. arife from
the-extremity of the os maf, and are implanted into the inne or iad h. their pee is
to deprefs the nofe, or pull it downwards, _

The! mufcles-common to both cheeks and lips are, - -zigomaticus 0 or uadretas
detrabens: it is a thin mufcle like a membrane, interlaced with. flethy fibres, It
arifes from the vertebre of the neck, in the outward fide, and afcending up by the
oblique fibres to the face is implanted in the chin, and terminated in the meeting of
the two lips: this pair draws the lips backwards. 2. Buccinatar, the trumpeter, -
or cheek driver or mover : this pair lieth under the former i in the upper part of it,
and makes up all that part of the cheek which is blown up when. a trumpet.is
founded. It-arifes from the top of the gums near the fartheft. grinders, and ends
if each ‘lip. The mufcles proper to the lips are either. proper to each lip. or
common to. both. ~The upper lip has two pair of mufcles proper to its» the lower
has but one. The firft pair is attolens or furfum. trabensy which ,

lip upwards : ‘it fprings from the corner between the eyes and the nofe, and is Ba;

inferted into the fubftance of the upper lip. The fecond pair, called deor/um movens,
oa N arifes

46 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN:

arifes from the upper jaw-bone, juft in the cavity of the cheeks, ‘under the focket
of the eye, thin, but broad and flefhy. The third pair, called deorfum trabens,
proper to the lower lip only, arifes from the middle of the chin, with'a’ broad’ begin:
ning, and afcends direétly to the middle of the lower lip, which it moves upwards,
The mufcles alfo common or belonging to both lips are “alfo three ‘pair, firlt,
oblique furfum trabens, that which obliquely draws upwards, The fecond” pair
common is oblique deorfum trabens, ot deprimens, moving the lips obliquely downwards.
‘The third common to both lips is circular, encompaffing and conttituting the whole
mouth, making the proper fubftance of the lips : by help whereof, the ma is
purfed up, or drawn together.

The mufcles of the lower jaw are in number twelve, viz. fix pair, Bea isi on
either fide. “1. T emporalis, crotaphites, the temporal mufcle, fo called from its fitua- —
tion, becaufe it poffeffes the cavities of the temples ; it is the greateft of all the jaw-
‘mufcles, being very firm and ftrong ; it runs along under the os zigoma, andis by avery
ftrong and nervous tendon inferted into the fharp procefs of the jaw-bone. Its'tife
is forcibly to pull up the lower jaw, and to fhut the mouth. — 2. ' Maffeter, the chéw-
ing mufcle, or firft chewer : it is placed in the cheeks, and arifes from a double head.
It is inferted into the inferior jaw-bone, by a very broad and {trong connection:
3. Alare externum, the outward wing mufcle. It arifes from the os /pbencidés'and the
external proceffus alaris, with a beginning partly nervous and partly flefhy, and'is—
inferted into the neck of the lower jaw-bone, and in the inner feat of the head. Its
ufe is to move forwards and thruft out. 4. Maffeter internus, the other chewer, is _
thick and fhort, and is implanted into the inner and hinder part of the jaw, with a
broad and {trong tendon. Its ufe is to affift the temporal mufcle. ‘5. Mu/eilus latus,
the double-bellied mulcle, or broad mufcle, It is nervous in the middle, and flefhy

=ae atthe ends, and is inferted into the chin, under the bending of the jaw, fattened to

| a ligament, left it fhould go too far back. Its ufe is to draw the jaw downwards to
| ‘ : iit 6. Miufeulus latus, the broad or broadeft mutcle, Is arifes fromm

— 1 face, ieiteaies firmly to the inferior j jaw, and is fixed j in the middle
= e chin. - The e four laft mufcles draw the jaw upwards, and are ae
ee F draw i it sovanteece becaule i it would be apt to deprefs {te ae

pei . ‘ amb four pair. 1. Sterno:byides' it arifes from thei inner bot
ee sai ee upon the windpipe lies concealed in the forepart

broad, Short, and is inferted. into the middle or hollow, of the os, dyoides...3- Stylo
cerato-hyoides.; it axifes from the root of the proceffus fyloides, being lean, round, and
- feated under the chin... 4.. Ceraca hyoides.: it arifes at the firft, {mall, lean, and long,
from the upper fide. of the /capula, becomes flefhy about.the neck, and, palling under
the levator of the fhoulder-blade, is:inferted into. the point of the dysidess This pair
is long,.and has two bellies, being extenuated in the middle like a tendon. "
‘The mufcles moving the tongue are in number five pair; 4. 2ylog/offum, ariling
from the outfide of the appendix fyloides, and. ending with tranfverfe, fibres, in both
fides of the tongue; it moves the tongue inwards; and, by reafon of the interwoven
fibres, they Jift the tongue upwards, if they aft both together ; or upwards, only on
one fide, if only one acts. 2. Mylogiefum, arifing from the fides of the lower jaw,
at the roots of the grinding teeth, and ending under the bafis of the tongye ia the
ligament: when both aét, they move the tongue to the pallet and upper teeth,
but when one atts the tongue is moved obliquely upwards. 3, Geninglofium, arifing
inwardly from the middle of the chin, and terminating almoft in the middle of the
tongue inwardly : its ule isto thruft the tongue out of the mouth, and alf to draw
it in again, fo that it feems to perform contrary actions. 4. Hypfilogloffion, arifing
flefhy out of the upper and middle region of the os byeides, runs along according to
the length of the tongue; and is terminated into the middle of it: this pair draws
the tongueinward. 5. Ceratoglofium, which arifes from the upper horns of the by-
vides, and is obliquely inferted into the fides of the tongue, near the root thereof. It
moves the tongue downward toward the inward parts, when both aét5 but co the
right. or left fide; if only one be contracted. & “Fodt bos dul
The mufeles of the Jarymx, or windpipe, are either common or proper; the, com-
mon.are.two pair, fernothyroides and byothyroides. 1. Sternothyroides arites from the —
inner fide.of the ftermum, runs along by the larynx, and is inferted beneath into the
fides of the feutiformis, or thield-fattened griftle..This ftraightens the chink. of the
larynx, by drawing down the fiutiformis. Hyothyroides, arifes from the lower fide of
into its bafis. It widens the chink, by lifting up the /eutiformis. Thefe common
muscles are implanted into the Jaryrx, but do not arife therefrom, The proper
mufcles are five pair; 1. thyrocricoides arifes from the loweft part of the /cutiformis,
and ends at the anmuaris, and is inferted into the lateral parts of the thyraides.. 2.
Cricotbyroides tifes fromi the hinder fides of the exnularis, flethy ; and is inferted:into
the lower part of the glotialis, with a nervous end, opening the /arynx by drawing
£3. eho two orifties called arylensides, gi Crycoarythencides laterale, {prings ab

from the fide of the anmularis, and is implanted at the fides of the glottalis, into '

48 CULPEPER’ss ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

joint, and opens:the /aryax with the fame oblique motion of the griftles.. 4: Thyroarys ‘i
tenoides, or glottoides; this helps the former, and, {pringing. from. the inner: ea

fore part of the ¢hyreides, is terminated into the lateral part or fides of theglot

: arytenoides, which fhuts the /arynx by a ftraight paffage; if this pair is inflamedin 2 |
quiofey, i it is mortal, becauie it exactly fhuts the chink. . 5. Arytenoides is a round —

mufcle, compafling the ewer-like cartilage: it arifes from the-hinder line of the

guttalis, and, being carried along with tranfverfe fibres, is inferted into beers:
thereof,

nal pair. 1. Peery faphylinus externus rifes from the upper jaw,. and wader. the lafb

dagen 5 :
The uvula has two pair of mufcles, two on either fide, viz..an external dedi inter

grinding tooth, ends in a fimali tendon, which pafles through a chink on the, upper —

_ fide of the pterygoides, . 2. Prery-fiaphylinusinternus proceeds from the lower part of the

internal wing of the prerygoides, and afcending according to thelongitude of the wing

is inferted i in like manner into the nvula. wh

"The : pharynx or throat, which is the beginning of the «/ophagus or gullet, ae fee
ven mufcles belonging to it, viz. three pair, and one without a fellow. 4, Sphae

nopharyngcus, which {prings from the fharp point of the /pbenoides, and, paffing: down. |

wards, is inferted into the lateral parts of the pharynx, or throat, to pull up the
mouth of the ftomach, that it may receive the meat. 2: . Chephalepharyngaus, mich
fpring from the part where the head is joined to the neck, and, running» down, is

{pread about the pharynx or efopbhagus, feeming to make the membrane of it. 3:. Sy. Ce
lopharyngeeus, which fprings from the ffy/oides proce/s, and is inferted into the fides of

the pharynx, both to dilate and amplify it. 4. Ocfophegus. The mufcle without a

fellow, being only a {phincter-like mufcle, encompafling the gullet. It fprings from 3

"one fide of the ¢hyroides, and circularly encompaffing the hinder part of the ;

is tied to both the fides of the. thyroides, to contract the mouth of . the sepa iy |

obinEer doth the anus,

us [calenus, bend the neck ; the two latter pair, viz. mujeulas tranfoerfans
(ulus {pinatus, extend it. 1.Longus lies under the w/ophagus or gullet, {prings
nh 2 Recher of the breaft, with a beginning flefhy and fharp, afcends he

/, annexed to all the bodies of the vertebra, terminating in the extuberant pro. a

rhe bre, with an acute tendoa, and fometimes is inferted into the orcipMy
neaitsgreat hole. 2. Scalenus arifes flethy, atthe fide of the neck, from the firft rib,

Anwardly, by oblique fibres, into all the tranfverfe procefies 0 of the
verpebra.ok the neck; ¢

3s ean verfalis, a ifing from the traniverfe eminences or: proceffes of the fix 1 ae

~

mufcles of the neck are four pair. The two Gtk pair, to wit, pare ges

through this pair, the veins and arteries enter into’ ‘the arm. :

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 49

mott vertebra of the breaft, and is inferted into all the external tranfverfe eminences
of the neck. 4. Spinatus, arifing from the roots of the feven uppermott vertebra of the
breaft, five of the neck, and is inferted into the >t or point of the fecond vertebra
of the neck. .

The mufcles of the breaft or thorax are in number fixteen, viz. eight on either fide,
of which the firft five widen or lift up the breaft: the laft three contraé it; to thefe
add, as a ninth, one peculiar mufcle, called diapbragma or the midriff. 1. Subclavius,
it arifes from the inner part of the clavicula, is of a flefhy fubftance, and is drawn up-
wards and outwards, and inferted into the upper part of the firft rib. 2. Serratus
major, the greater faw-like mufcle, it reaches from the inner bafis of the Seapula
unto fix and fometimes feven of the ribs. 3. Serratus pofficus fuperior, which grows
out of the fharp points or {pines of the three lower vertebra of the neck, and the firft
of the back, and is inferted into the three upper ribs, and fometimes into the fourth.
4. Mufculi intercoftales externi, thefe are eleven pair in number, but perform the office
of one mufcle only ; are interwoven, totally fiefhy, and arife from. the lower parts.
of the upper ribs, and, defcending obliquely towards the back | parts, are inferted.
into the upper parts of the lower ribs, terminating on the cartilages. 5. Ti riangula-
ris, it is {mall and thin in lean perfons, fprings out of the inner and lower part of the
fternum, and is inferted into the cartilages of the lower ribs, as far as. the third or
fourth of the baftard ribs. 6. Sacrolumbus, which {prings from the os Sacrum, and the
{pinous procefles of the loins, and is inferted into the upper ribs near their roots, _
beftowing upon each rib a double tendon, one external, the other internal. 7. Ser-
ratus pofticus inferior, it is oppofite to the fuperior, and both of them, by a broad
and membranous tendon, fo grow together, that they ferve inftead of a “band to -
keep the hinder mufcle of the back-boné together : it grows out of the fpines or
procefles of the three lowelt vertebra of the back, ‘and firft of the loins, i is terminated
in three or four of the lower ribs. 8 Mujcult intercoftales interni, thefe are the fame
in number and place with the externi, and lie direétly under them ; they are carried
obliquely from the nether rib to the uppermoft, and have fibres contrary to thofe
of the external, croffwife interfected. 9. Diapbragma or midriff, called alfo precor-
dia, becaufe it is ftretched out before the heart ; and phrenes, becaufe, being affected,
the mind and fenfes are difturbed, by reafon of the ‘confent it has with the brain: fo.
that, when the midriff is inflamed, a phrenzy is caufed. [It is one in number, an in. :
ftrument of free motion, and an admirable kind of mufcle, both in regard of its.
compofition and continual ation or motion, ferving alfo as a wall of ‘partition -t to. :
fever the vital and natural parts one from another. The head of it is in the nerv ot “3
center, but the tail in the <i cumference of the lower fhort ribs, from er

29, O

.

ip: CULPEPER's ENGLISH PHYSTCLAN,

arifes, and through which-it is: obliquely drawn about, as far. as to. shauna
‘Joins: Jt tas a double. membrane for. itrength fake, the upper is, from. the: pleura,
to whiielr the pericardium is firmly faftened, and fomevimes alfa the lobes.of the! lungs;
the lower is'from the peritoneum. Hae
The mufcles‘of theback andloins are four pair ; ‘the firkt pair-is winnie
hering to the tranfverfe procefies of the vertebra of the loins, arifing inwardly from
ithe os tum and os facram, broadand flefhy. Its ufe is to bend: the vertebra of the
loins. 2. Longifimum, arifes with an acute and’ ftrong tendon frony the extremity of —
the as facrum, the vertebra of the loins, and os ilii, having the fame beginning with
the facrolumbus ; to:the vertebra of the back it gives tendons like clafps, terminating
fometimes inthe firft vertebra of the breaft, and fometimes at the mammillary procefes.
3. Sacrum avifes from the os-facrum behind, being flefhy, and terminates inthe twelfth —
vertebra of the breaft. 4. Semifpinatum, which arifes where the former ends, and en»
bracing all the fpines of the vertebra of the breaft, and giving them: tendons, ‘it ter-
minates in the fpine of the firft- vertebra of the breaft. The ufes of thefe chreedat
"are to extend the breaft, loins, and their vertebre: if all theeight pail)
hold the back ftraight, and as it were: uphold a man. | out Sime -
The mufcles of the'abdomen or belly cover the lower belly, dndk have atest :
partly from ‘their fituation and rife, and partly from their figure They’ ‘are in
number ten, or five pair, whofe principal ufes are to impel the internal’ parts, and

‘to move the os /acrwm and iliam : or to make a proper retention and compreffion ‘of —

the parts'in the belly: to provoke voiding the exctements, or help the expulfive fa-
‘culty of the womb and bladder. Their temperament is hot and moift, to’ chetifh
“patural heat and -concoétion : they ate moderately thick, to defend the parts, and, :
. when very flefhy, they add much to the comelinefs of the body. The'firft pair 4s
obliques defcendens, {o called by reafon of its fibres, which defcend baa ult
il es in the t breaft from the lower part of the fixth, Sais and eighth, ribs,

terminates in the white line by a broad tendon. 2. Obliquus aftendens is pe
= bext the former, in a triangular figure, rifing fefhy fbn che ith of the os ili, 1 ‘bot
ss jembi ran US from the fharp proceffes of the vertebre of the loins, and from the a
‘fharp_ ae of the « as ye it afcends cerca and terminates, in a double
QI SER | i appeas ay
avel, for below it it is united infepatably. % Mafealis rth iis ori-

fei the

cra it; and veins ; which re the longitude of it, viz. the mamn iri d ine
tes from the breafts, and the epigaftrice ofcendentes from the womb i in wo

“AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY, es

Frorit the ‘ria eatin inmen; which meet about’ the middle’ of! this ‘mufele, extends —
ingas far as theregion of the have), and:are there terminated.» ‘Ehefe two. veins art
joined by anaftomafis, from whence the confent of the womb with the breafts is
caufed ; which, being handled, excites women to venery.4s Mafculi prramidales, the
pytamidal mujcles, lie upon the extremitiesiof the niuftud reGiz and rife with a flethy
beginning from the external fhare bone, where all the nerves enter; andy growing
‘narrower by degrees, they terminate with ‘a fharp point in the tendomof the tranf.
verfe mufele. Their office is to compre(s the bladder, and therefore they fend their
tendons, between the wa/cali reéfi, into that part of the peritoneum which includes
the bladder. 5. Mujculi tranfverfi, the crofs mufcle, arifing froma certain ligament
which fprings out of the os facrum, and, terminating by.a broad membranous ten-
don in theJinea alba, ftick extremely faft to the POT TE where, samarebost
the pubis. Its proper ufe is to comprefs the colon.s

The mufcles of the as ilium and facrum are moved forward incoition, by tha enya
ii reéti and obliqui-defcendentes of the belly, the breait refting and the thigh remaining
unmoved. They are moved backwards by the rabbinic which
arife from the vertebra of the back, &c. » oe

The mufcles. of the. penis or yard are.two pair 5, the firft pair is called ereflor, oF
direstor 5 the latter, accelerator... 1. Ereéfor, or penem erigens, is a fhort and thick pair,
arifingnervous.under the beginning of the yard, from. the innermoft bunching, out
of the ichium, and, being knit unto the ligament of the yard, growing. fiefhy, ic
reaches. fide-ways as far as the middle. of the body thereof: their ufes are to erect
and keep up the yard in coition, 2. Mujculi acceleratores, or par urethram. dilatans,

are longer thant the. former,, but thinner or leaner; they arife both fromthe Iphinéter
of the anus and ‘internal. tuberofity of the ifchinm or huckle-bone, are fpread out
under the urethra, carried beneath, and inferted into the fides thereof, about its mid-
dle: its ufe.is.to dilate or widen the urethra both for the of the urine and
for the feed in coition, Thefe are the. mufcles where an & CrCl is calla
made in cutting for the ftone.
_., The, mufcles of the clitoris, proper to. ) female fabjeéts, a are like thofe in a man’s
‘yard, the fame innumber, andto the fame intent. The two uppermoft being round,
_rife from the internal knob of the i/cbiam, and, being placed by the lateral ligaments,
caufethe erection of it. The two lower are broad and {mooth, and Roses J from
_ the /pbindler of the anus, i prowl
..The mufcles of the, telticles are. cither proper 0 or common. The. proper mafeles
‘ae anly the pair called gremaffer, ariling from a. {trong ligament in the 4s

q cy hee SS ae

. seb the eranfverfe mfcles of the. belly end, of which they feem._ to. be. parts 5, tue:

‘Ty }

52 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

pafs through the produétion of the peritoneum which they compafs nearly about, and
pafs with the {permatic veffels to the ftones 3 they are fhorter in women than in'men,
and are placed above the production of the peritoneum > their ule ts to fuftain-or hold
up the ftones. “The common mufcle is the membrane of the’ /orohim ‘called Vartas,
béing a continuation of ‘the flefhy membrane 5 and this ponte mettre a
_ pends both tefticles. (19 os aaa
The bladder has but one han called parr which encompaffeth eioabled
the bladder, in an orbicular form, a8 alfo are the fibres. “It is flefhy, drawn back —
over the profate or auxillary tefticles ; it ejaculates the feed in coition. Tn worten —
it reaches to the hole by which the urine pafies, and it feems to form it. 9! 0"!
The mufcles of the anus, or fundament, are either the /phinéer or the levatores',
the /phinfter mufcle, called ani conftriftor, the fhutter or contraétor, is fiethy” (and
without the ftraight gut two inches broad ;) arifes from the lower vertebra of the —
os facrum, and is encompaffed with the tranfverfe fibres all along’the amus > it is fale
ened on the foré part to the paffage of the bladder by fibrous couplings, to the yard,
to whofe mufcles it gives beginning ; and to the neck of the womb: on the hindet
part it is inferted into the coceyx or crupper-bone, atid ‘at the fides it is faftened into
the os cone. The mujfeuli levatores are four, or two pair One pair of which arebroad, —
and one narrow. Mu/culi levatores lati, atife fromm the os facrum and os ilium, tide
inferted into the larger /phiné¥er. 'Muftuli levatores tehues, the narrow mufeles : OF Which
the foremoft arifes from the tranfverfe ligament ; the hindermoft from’ he ote
whereunto they are terminated: Be hae
The mufcles of the fhoulder-blade; or /zapula, are four, according? to ei we
of its motions, viz. forward and backward, upward and downward?’ r. ervani wimr,
_ the fmaller faw-like mufcle, arifing from the four upper ribs, and ‘afcending “ob-
Tiquely upwards, with an end partly flethy, partly tendinous, and is inferted into the
capula; its ufe is to draw forwards into the breaft : 2. ‘trapezius, cuculares, atifes fethy
from the hinder part of the head towards the ear, from whence it defcends to ‘the
eighth vertebra of the breaft, and, from thence growing fmall by degrees, itis i rim
into ) the back-bone, top of the fhoulder, and clavicula; it moves the /capula variot
arding to i its oblique fibres: 3. rbomboides, or diamond-like mufcles, fcwate under
cucilaris, thin and broad, arife from the three lower vertebrd of the neck anc ‘*
_ three upper vertebra of the breaft, and in the fame breadth are inferted ‘nto the i
_ ternal bafis of the Seapula ; it draws back a littie obliquely upwards: * lee wi |
culus patientie, arifes from the tranfverfe apophyfes of the fecond, third, an Live y
vertebra of the neck, and is inferted into the higher and lower’ corners of the, on Ade
its ufeis ve te cae ee | hd

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY, «53

The arm is varioufly moved, therefore has it many mufcles, to wit, nine in num-
ber. 1. Peéforalis is great and fiefhy, arifing from the whole breaft-bone, and griftle
thereof, the fernum, and above half the clavicula, and is by a fharp tendon inferted
into the fhoulder-bone, between the deltoides and the biceps, ..2. Deltoides, from
likenefs to the letter 4, fprings from the middle of the clavicula, and the acromium,
and is inferted into the middle of the arm or thoulder-bone. 3. Latiffiimus, {prings
from the veriebre of the loins, and of nine vertebra of the back, and is inferted
into apart of thearm, between the petoral and round mu(cle, with a ftrong,
fhort, and broad, tendon: this with its fellow of the other arm covers almoft the
whole back: it is called ani /calptor, becaufe it draws the arm backwards and down-
wards. 4. Rotundus major is flethy, thicker, and rounder, than the reft, obliquely
feated behind under the axilla, and arifes from the lower rib of the /capula, which,
afcending a little with its tendon, fhort, broad, and ftrong, is inferted (with the
pectoral mufcle) into the middle of the arm. 5. Rotundus minor, is thort, round,
quite fiefhy, and arifes with a fharp beginning out of the lower corner of the /capula,
terminating with an acute end in that ligament, with which the head of the fhoulder
is involved. 6. Infra fpinatus, arifes in the middle between the {maller round mufcle
and the fpina, covers the whole external bunching part of the feapula, then, becom~-
ing more narrow, it is inferted into the neck of the arm, or thoulder. 7. Supra-
foinatus, is flefhy, and arifes out of the fpine of the upper rib of the /capula, then,
being conveyed under the acromium, it is inferted with a broad and ftrong tendon
into the neck of the arm, at the ligament of the joint. 8. Subfcapularis, or immerfus,
is very flefhy, and paffes between the /capula and ribs, poffefling the hollow and
inward part of the fhoulder-blade, then is carried out, and inferted, with a broad
tendon, internally into the fecond ligament of the humerus. Coracoides, is inferted
into the inner part of the fhoulder, about the middle of the arm, by the tendon of
‘the deltoides. Its beginning is nervous and fhort: and its belly has an hole in
it (whence its name) to give a ate tee nerven ream ap Pr mois of the
cubit. |
- The cubit or elbow has two sete: the ulna and radius : the ulna ferves for flexion
and extenfion; but the radius for pronation and fupination, The ulna is bended
by two mutcles, the diceps and brachieus internus, and extended by four, viz. longus,
brevis, cubitalis, and brachieus externus, 1. Biteps, arifes from the /capula, round and
tendinous, which is inferted into the inner part of the radius, 2. Brachieus intermus
is placed beneath the diceps, {maller than the former, and arifing from the middi
of the as brachii, and is inferted before into the common beginning of the radius ani
ulna. 3. Longus, or extenders primus, arifes from the lower rib of the thoulder- blade,
3 BO. i a Dear

$4 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

near the neck, with adouble beginning, and is terminated in the elbows ups Hrvis
extendens fecundus, {prings from the hinder neck of the arm, mixed with. the forego. —
ing muicle, clothes the bumeri,.and terminates on the-outlide of the elbow? Sims |
coneus extendens - tertius, itis fituate in the bending of the cubit, onthe hinder fidegig —
arifes out of the lower and hinder part of the.arm,-between the ulna and radiusyand
is inferted by a nervous tendon into the fide of the cubic, 6. Briacbieus’ exterias,
being {pread out upon the outhde.of the brachium:: itis a flefhy lump, nga
two former, and is placed under them, being inferted into the fame piace.) 9
_ The radius has four mafcles, two.of which are: pronatores or vilbes. seal
two Jupinatores or ‘pullers up. 1. Pronator fuperior arifes from the inner apophyfis
of the arm, bya ftrong); and flefhy beginning, and ends with a membranous tendon,
obliquely running into the middle of the.radius.. 2. Pronator inferior; from the
lower part of the cubit ulna, unto the lower,part of the.radius, and is there inferted.
. Fo “Supinator loxgior, from the top of the brachium,, above. the external knobs:and,
being drawn.out upon the radius, is inferted on the infide of the, lower epiphylis _
thereof. 4. Supinator brevior, {prings from.the.outward.apophyGis of the arm, flelhy
within, membranous without, and is inferted neatly,inte, the middle of the radinss.
To the wrift belong four mufcles, of which the,fisittwo bend it and theilatter
two extend it, 1, Cubiteus internus, the firlt bender, ariles from the internal apophy-
fis of the arm, and, being ftretched over the elbow, is inferred with a thick. tendon
into the fourth bone of the wrift. 2. Radieus internus, the fecond. bender, is draw
along the radius, arifes from the beginning. with the former, and rerminages in the
irft bone of the metacarpium, under the: fore-fingers....3i Radieus: extermus,- atiles
witha broad beginning,.from the external apophysfis of the arm, .and:terminates in
adouble tendon at the firft and fecond bones of the os metacarpi. (4. Cubitews exter>
us, arifes from the fame beginning, through. the length. of the cubits when itcomes

of the fourth. bone of the metacordus, under.thelittle fingers © ivy 9) wie
bs In ‘he palm or hollow of the hand are two mufcles, called palmaresy of: which the
one is long, _the other fhort. 1. Palmaris longus, arises. from.the inward apophyfis
Mm, with a round and tendinous beginning, is {pread into the-hollow ofiche

isa bn adt ‘Adon giving exquiGte fenfe to that part’; |it is terminated into
the ‘irft intervals, Detween the joints of the fingers....2« Palmaris brevisy.is:a-certait
four-fquare flefhy ful aftance, fpringing from the. membrana carnofa,from whence t
is carried under the former mu(cle, to the middle of the palm of-the hand; and is i+

ferted into the outfide of that tendon, which bears the litle finger.dtom the.relte*

The

othe wrift, it becomes. a ftrong, round, tendon, and is inferted into eee part |

ete.

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. © 55

‘The thumb is bent by two mufcles ; extended by two ; and drawn fide-ways by fix.
Flexor primus, arifing from the upper part of the readin, is inferted into one of the
joints, 2. Flexor fecundus, arifing from the wrift-bonhe, is inferted into the middle of
the thumb, and lies: wholly under the former. | 3. Extenfor primus, arifing out of the
upper and outward fide ofthe cubit, runs along the radius, is carried beyond the writt,
and.is inferted into the firft and fecond joint of the thumb, by a double and fometimes
triple tendon.» »4. xtenjor alier, arifes from the fame part of the cubit, but Tower near
the wrift, and isinferted into the third yjoint.of the thumb: 5 Adduceas primus, is
joined unto and feated beneath the shenar, arifing out of the three lower bones of the
metacarpium, and is inferted into the fecond joint of the thumb ; this draws the thumb
to the fore-finger. 6. Adducens fecundus, the fecond drawer of the thumb to the fore-
finger ; it arifes out of the metacarpium, and is inferted as the other. 7. Adducens ter-
tius, drawing alfo the thumb to the fore-finger, arifes out of the external fide of the
wmetacarpium, which fuftains the thumb, and is inferted into the firft joint. 8, Addu.
tens primus, or thenar, the firft drawer away, arifes from the infide of the wrilt, and
isinferted-into the fecond joint of the thumb, to draw it from the fingers. 9, 10.
Abducens fecundys and tertius, a as Wie former, to draw the
thumb alfo from the fore-finger.

~The fingers’ are bent, calinadags esd el mata} the petiole a
which are feventeen mufcles; they are’as follows: /ublimis or perforatus, it arifes
from the inner apophy/is of the arm, it is divided into four tendons inclofed in : a
ligament) :as:it were’ in a ring, which are inferted into the fecond jointing of the
fingers, avcleft being:firft-made, through which the tendons of the following muf-
cles »pafsi::'Profundus ar perforans, is {pread out under the former, and is inferted
through the clifts of the former tendons, into the third jointings of the fingers; it
arifes from the upper parts of thewina or radins under the joint, and is divided into
four tendons. Hypothenar digita minimi, proprius auricularis, the muicle proper to the
little finger, it arifes in the hallow of the hand, from the third and fourth wrift-bones
of the fécond rank, and is inferted externally into the fide of the firft joint Of the faid
fingers: Extenfor magnus, arifes from the exterior apophy/is of the arm about ‘the
wrift; and the ring-fafhioned ligament ;_ isdivided into four tendons, which end ia
the lowermott joints of the fingers: Indicator indicis extenfor, it aries from the onidifte
and external part of the cubit or ulna, seeped with a double tendon into
the fecond:interjointure'of the foresfinger.” duricularis, the exten{or of the titele fine
ger, ivarifes fromthe upper part of the pert sand, being carried along with |
alea.and radius, ans the liaele aa ent cli ion,

60 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

they arife from the tendons of the mufculus profundus by the wrift , and, being drawn
out along the fides of the fingers, are obliquely carried and inferted into the third
jointing of every finger. Abdudfores interoffei externi and interni, the drawers fromthe
thumb; they arife from the upper parts of the bones of the metacarpium near the
wrift, and in the firft internodum or fpace between the joints, with a very {mall ten-
don, which, joining with the vermiculares, run along the fides of the fingers, over
the three bones, till they come to the roots of the nails; inthe former and upper part
whereof, the tendons, being firft united, are terminated. Abduéfor indicis, it arifes
from the firft interjointing of the thumb, and is inferted into the bones of the fore-
finger, by which it is drawn from the reft of the fingers towards the thumb.
The thighs are capable of being bent, extended, drawn to or. wheeled inward, —
or turned about outwards ; for the performance of which, they have the fol-
“lowing fixteen mufcles. 1. Pfoas primus lumbarus, the firft loin-mufcle; it arifes
from the vertebrze of the loins, and is inferted into the forepart of the {mall trochan-
ter, with a round and ftrong tendon. 2. Pjoas minor, it is fometimes fpread over,
fometimes under, the former; its beginning is fefhy, fometimes one, two, or three,
fingers broad in its middle; its original, with a {mall and flat tendon, being carried
over or under the pfoas, comes to the iliac, and with a very broad and ftrong tendon
is inferted into the upper brim of the os ilii. 3. Ilacus mufculus, rifes out of ‘the
internal cavity of the os ilium, is joined by its tendon with the lumbal mufcle, and
is terminated between the great and little trochanter. Mu/cwlus peftineus, the comb
mutcle, {prings out of the upper part of the os pubis, and is inferted with a fhort ten-
don into the inner fide of the thigh. 5. Triceps primus, arifes from the upper joining
of the os pubis, and, paffing by the inner head of the thigh-bone, is inferted into the
middle of the thigh. 6. Triceps fecundus, arifes from the loweft jointing of the os pu
bis, and, pafling by the inner head of the thigh, runs along to the end of the thigh.
9. Triceps tertius, arifes from the middle of the os pubis, and is inferted jult below the
neck of the thigh-bone. ‘Thefe three mufcles many reckon but one, and call
triceus, from its threefold beginning ; but fo accounted it is the createft of i all the
mufeles of the body: and often ends in one mufculous tendon, inferted into the
hinder part of the bone. 8. Glouteus major, arifes from the coccyx or cruppet, {the
fpine of the ilii and os facrum,) and is inferted into the os femeris, undet the great
trochanter, 9, Glouteus medius, the middlemoft both in fituation and ae
arifes from the inner fide of the fpine of the os ilii, and is inferted into the great t*0-
chanter, with a broad and ftrong tendon. _ 10. Glouteus minimus interaus, Springs from
the back of the os ilii, near the acetabulum, with a broad and ftrong tendon, and
inferted into the great trochanter: thefe lat three make up the flefhy fubftance ¢

i

_AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 57

the buttocks, 41, Quadrigeminus primus, it arifes from the lower. part of the os fa-
crum, and is placed. upon the articulation of the thigh, in the hinder part thereof.
12, Quadrigeminus fecundus, arifes from the tuberofity of the huckle-bone, and covers
the articulation of the thigh, as aforefaid. 1 3. Quadrigeminus tertius, is contiguous
to the former, and arifes from the fame part: thefe three lait are inferted i into the ca-
vity of the great trochanter. 14, Quadrigeminorum quartus, it is broader and more
flefhy than the other three, being diftant from the third of the quadrigemini two
fingers breadth; it fprings from the inner fide of the apophylis of’ the ifchium or
huckle-bone, and is inferted into the external part of the greatttochanter, 15. Obiu-
rator externus takes up the wide hole, between the os pubis and os ifchii, and arifes
_ from the outward circle of the os pubis, is circumdyucted through the neck of the:
thigh, and carried into the cavity of the great trochanter, under the fourth quadrige-*
minal mufcle. 16. Obturator internus, rifes from the inward circle of the os pubis,
and by atripatite tendon is inferted into the cavity of the great trochanter. :
To the legs belongeleven mufcles, viz. 1. Biceps, having twoheads; thefirft fprings
from the joining of the os pubis, the fecond from the outward part of the thigh ;
both of them. are inferted with one tendon into the hinder or inward part of the leg.
2. Semimembranofus, arifes from the {welling in the ifchium, and is inferted into the’
inner-fide of the leg backwards... 3, Seminervofus, has the fame original and infertion”
with the former, only inthe hinder part is carried:a little forwards obliquely, before.
it terminates at the infide of the leg. 6. Gracilis, and gracilis pofticus, rifes from that
line where the hip-bone and fhare-bones join together, and, defcending along the.
infide of the thigh, i is inferted into the inner part of the leg. 5. Reus gracilis {prings.
with an acute tendon out of the outward and lower {pine of the os ilium, is carried
along the thigh, and terminates in the fore-part of the leg. 6. Vaftus externus borders
upon the rectus gracilis, and arifes out of the great trochanter, and is inferted into the
leg, a little below the patella onthe outfide. 7. Vaftus: interns, borders as the former
on the rectus gracilis, and arifes out of the root of the fimal] trochanter, and falls into
the, inner fide of the leg, a little below the patella. - 8. Crureus, arifes out of thethigh>
bone, between the twotrochanters, and, cleaving to the the thigh, produces its tendon. -
over the epigonatis, unto the fore-part of theleg; the four lait. mufcles are inferted
all i into one tendon, which terminate in the beginning of the leg. 9. Mujculus longits,”
itis nearly the longeft of all the mufcles ; arifes from the former {pine of the os” ‘thi!
and defcends obliquely into the inner and fore part of the leg. 10. Popliteus, it arifes>
from the lower and exterior tubercle of the thigh, and is inferted four-fqui re into?
- the inner and upper part of the Teg, obliquely. it. Membranofus fafcia: cara
from the fpine of the os ilii, runs obliquely into the outward part of ee -~ ind,
| with a broad and long tendon, invefts almoft all the mufcles of the thigh.”
30. Q The

58 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

_ The foot, or inftep, has eight mufcles. 1. Tibieus anticus, itis fattened to the leg,
and arifes near the fibula, and, cleaving tothe tibia all along, it degenerates into a
tendon, which beneath the-ring-like ligament of the foot is divided into two tendons,
2. Peroneus anticus, joined to the peroneus pofticus, andhas its rife with two heads, one
from the middle and external part of the perone or fmaller focile; the other from
the upper epiphyfis of the fibula : thefe, being carried through the chink of the ancle,
terminate in a double tendon, the fmaller of which is carried into the bone of the
little toe ; the greater running obliquely under the fole of the foot. 3. Gemellus exter.
nus ; this has two heads ; they both arife from under the ham, the one from the in- -
ner, the other from the outward, parts of the end of the thigh-bone, and pafs down
the back partof theleg, then become tendinous, and, being united, make one
_ ftrong, broad, and nervous, tendon, whichis inferted into the heel. 4. Gemellus inter.
nus, this with the other conftitutes the ancle, and lies under: the former, of a livid
colour; it arifes under the ham, by a ftrong nervous fubftance ; having paffed the
middle of the tibia, it becomes narrower and tendinous : it is inferted into the heel,
Fhefe make the belly or calf of the leg. 5. Soleus, it is a broad and thick mufcle
arifing from the upper and hindermore appendix of the fibula, and is ‘inferted by a
tendon into the heel. 6. Tibieus pofticus adducens pedem, it arifes from the upper part
of the tibia, or greater and fmaller focile, and from che ligament which ties them to-
gether, runs along the tibia, and through the cleft of the ancle-bone, were it produ-
ces twotendons. 7. Poroneus pofticus, it arifesfrom the upper but hinder part of the
{mall focile, by a nervous and ftrong beginning, and, cleaving to the outfide of the
perone, it runs down round and flefhy : it is inferted under the fole of the foot, into
the bone fet before thé great toe. 8. Plantaris covers the whole fole of the foot; and, —
fpringing from the outer part of the thigh-bone under the ham, byaround and fefhy
beginning, paffing within the leg, between the gemelli, it goes thence to the fole,
and is inferted into the five toes. | |

‘ Phe great toe has-five mufcles, 1. Primus, or flexor pollicis, arifes from the upper
part of the fibula, andis infertedinto the third joint of the greattoe. 2. Secundus, oF
extenfor pollicis, arifes from the middle of the fibula, or from the outfide of the tibia,
_ where itis feparate from the fibula, creeps along the furface of the foot, and ends in
two tendons, the one. of which is inferted into the upper fide, the other into the
lower fide, of the great toe. 3. Tertius pollicis, adduétor primus, that which: draws the
toe inward, and fprings from the ligament which ties the heel-bone and the # - z
faftened inwardly tothe bone fet before the great toe, and by a round’ censon
ferted into thefirft joint of thefame. 4. Quartus pollicis, adduitor fecundus, it arifes

from the ligament of the firft interjunéture of the little toe, then, becoming gee

-

a
Fi
: 4
2 7
4 af 7 vu 2 fy
| MUL
Pe oe
Jilin 2}
”
be
a
.
,
ue
:*
;
} >; x Beal
: me bp 4Aa
x a
\ Au
A\, =
\ FR SS
27- aX’
Viflled
>
at
; bas
tart
ot
}
a
>
nnaatti
= a hs

Ss 2 cubis j; 203. SiG: “| | 3 4 | | y ved :
‘sano ads a |

ot treks : sit 2 5 golem
“3b 10 aoh Lac 2 5 is
yo oaslq ods 3.60 22 DErnOS

isl rolevals edz .o1 Sravala a4
aie! ey ee : ord TQLISY jh

AND FAMILY DISPENSAT ORY. 59

runs over the firft joint of the toes, and with a fhort and broad tendon js inferted a
little inwards into the firft joint of the great toe. 5. Quintus pollicis, abdulfor ejufdem,
it arifes fefhy, from the inner part of the heel, and is inferted extrinfically into the
- firft bone of the great toe,

The mufcles of the four little toes are eighteen, having tendons comprehended
with a circular and ctranfverfe ligament, which encompaffes them beneath the ancles,
juft as in the wrift. Mujculus major, arifing from the upper apiphyfis of the tibia -
under the ham, by a long and flefhy beginning, paffes under the. inner ancle, and
by the hollownefs of the heel goes to the fole of the foot, where it is divided into
four tendons, inferted into the third and laft joint of che four toes. Flexor minor,
lies in the midft of che fole of the foot, arifing from the inner part of the heel-bone,
and is divided into four round tendons, which are carried and inferted into the fecond
articulation of the four toes. Exven/or longus, arifes with a nervous and fhort begin-
ning from the upper appendix of the tibia, and, cleaving to the ligament which
unites the focils, runs down to the foot, pafling firft under the tranfverfe liga-
ment; then, being divided into four tendons, they are inferted into the fecond and
third joints of the four toes. Extenfor brevis, lies under the former, arifes from the
- tranfverfe ligament, fefhy and broad, and is by four tendons inferted into the
firft joints of the four toes. Lumbricales quatuor, they arife from the tendons of the
perforans, fmall and round, and are inferted by fo many {mall tendons into the fides
of the firft joints-of the four toes. — Interoffei decem, they arife from the bones of the
pedium, and are placed between the bones of the foot, filling the void {paces of the
metapedium, being ten in number, five external and five internal. They arife by
the fides of the bones of the inftep, the former to the firft interjointings : the ninth
of the interoffei, is the abductor of the great toe: the tenth and lait is the {pecial ab-
ductor of the little toe. Pate s

As to the number of the mufcles in the human body, authors are ftrangely difa-
greed about it: however they are certainly more than five hundred; the principal -
ones whereof are reprefented in the two annexed plates; thofe confpicuous in the
fore-part of the human body being expreffed.in plate I. where 1. 1. are the frontat
mufcles ; 2. 2. the orbiculares palpebrarum; 3, the attollens auriculam; 4. the
preffor pinnae narium; 7. the dilatator alae nafi; 8. the zigomaticus; 9. the place of
the elevator labiorum communis, called by Lancifi, gracilis; 10. the elevator labii
faperioris-proprius; 11. 11. the conftri€tor, or {phincter labiorum, or orbicularis
labiorum ; by fome called ofculatorius; 12. the-buccinators 13. 13. the mufcoli —

maftoidei; 14. 14. the fternohyoidei; 15. 15, thofe parts of the mufcles which se
2 !

~
4

- 60 ‘CULPEPER's ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

~ from the clavicle; 16, 16. the cacudtbutiadel, ; 17. the fcaleni; 18. rejinebeetl cartel
the cucullaris on the right fide; 18. on the left fide, is the levator, or elevator feapu-
lx, otherwife called mufculus patientiz ; 19. 19. the place where the fibres of the'pec-
toralis unite in fome meafure with thofe of the deltoides; 20. 20. the deltoidess 21,
the place in the carpus where the palmaris longus paffes through a ring in the annu-

lar ligament; 22. a remarkable union of the tendons of the extenfors of the three
laft fingers; 23. 23: the productions of the peritoneum, which, perforating the
mufclés of the abdomen at the rings, defcend to the fcrotum; 24. 24. the place
where the three tendons of the fartorius, gracilis, and feminervofus, are. inferted

“ into the interior part of the tibia, juft under the knee; 25. 25. the tendons of the

extenfors of the toes, which are fecured by a ligament at the ancle, as ‘appears on
both fides; but on the right fide, internally, another ligament is reprefented, which
fixes the tendons of the extenfor longus digitorum, the tibizeus pofticus, and the
flexor pollicis; 26. 26. the mufculus pectoralis ; 27. the triceps extenfor cubiti on
the right fide; 28. and 30. the biceps on the left fide, according to Lancifi’s expli-
cation; 29. part of the triceps extenfor on the left fide ; go. the biceps on the right
fide; 31. the brachizeus internus; 32. the anconzus; 33. the prenator rotundus 5
34. 34. the fupinatot longus; 35, 35: the radius externus, according to Lancifi; 36.
the extenfor carpi ulnaris; 37. 52 ‘the cubitaeus internus according to Lancifi; 38.
the radius internus according to’ Lancifi; 39. the palmaris with its tendinous
expanfion ; 40, 40. the tendons of the mufcles of the thumb; 41. the tendon of
‘the adduétor pollicis ; 42. the extenfor magnus digitorum; 43. ligamentum carpi;
44. 44. the tendons of the iliaci interni; 45. the pectinzeus ; 46. one of the heads of
the triceps; 47. 47. the rectus fémoris on each fide ; 48. 48. the vaftus externus on
each fide; 49. 49. the vaftus internus on each fide’; so. the gracilis; 51. the feminer-
-Vofus 5 52. the fartorius on each fide; 53. a part of the origin of the vaftus externus ;
- 4. 54.the membranofus ; 55. the tibialis anticus; 56. the gemelli ; 57. 57: the folzi;
~ §8.the tendon Achillis; 59. according to Lancifi, is the extenfor digitorum longus
_ 60, the tendons of the extenfors of the toes; 61. the tendons of the extenfor longus,
izeus pofticus, and flexor pollicis: A. A. portions of the latiffimus dorfi on cath
‘fides B.B, the indentations of the ferratus major anticus,; C. C. the fternum.
~ Thefecond plate reprefents the mufeles of the back part of the human body ; where |
BY exprefs thetwo mufcles upon the occiput, called by Euftachius, quadrati ; 2. the
mufculus cucullaris; 3'thefplenius; 4.themufculus maftoideus; 5. themufculus pati-
entiz, orlevatorfeapule proprius; 6. the rhomboides ; 7. the articulation of the clavi-
cle with the fcapula on the right fide; 8. the deltoides; g. the teres minor; 10 the

— —— II. 11, the Jatifimus dorfi on each fide ; 12. the gluteus major Na 2
. ute

penn

a -sinitinaninimeemmmananees

X34

LieNhisvclos of "Lbhe Lliuman B ody.

Plate 2.

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 6i

gluteus medius; 14, the mufculus pyriformis 3 15. the quadratus femoris ; 16. the
biceps femoris ; 17, the femimembranofus 3 18. the membranofus according to Lan-

cifi; 19. 19. the vafi externi ; 20, the gaftrocnemii; 21. the foleus ; 22. the plantaris.
OF THE BONES, OR HUMAN SKELETON.

A BONE is a fimilar, {permatic, part, cold and dry, endowed with hardnefs,

ftrength, and folidity, that it might give force to the body, fuftain it, and help its
motion. Its fubftance is naturally hard and folid, covered with a membrane, called
Periofiion, white, with fome rednefs; hollow in the middle, (except the ribs, 8c.)
{mooth ; covered in its extremities witha cartilage, and moiftened with a fat humour,
Called medulla, or marrow. Some bones are perfectly generated in the womb, as
thofe in the ear, being the fmalleft in the whole body; they are nourifhed by arterial
blood, as may appear in the bones of young animals, whofe marrow is yet bloody,
as alfo by blood contained in the marrow: but the proximate and immediate nutri-
ment of hollow bones, is the marrow; but of bones not hollowed, thick blood fent
in through the pores. The proper matter therefore of a bone is feed, which confifts
of humours and fpirits, The efficient caufe is the vis offfica, or an innate faculty,
acting by the affiftance of heat.
. The bones are joined together, either by (vmpby/is, for firmnefg, and union; or by
arthr¢fis, articulation or jointing. Natural union, or growing together, is when the
connection or joining of bones ‘is without motion : and this is with, or without, a
medium. Sympbhy/is without a medium is three-fold, viz. by Jutura, barmonia, and
gompbofis. Sutura, a future, is the joining of bones by indenture, as if the teeth of
two faws were thruft one into another, asin the bones of the cranium or skull. Har.
monia, is the joining of bones by a fingle Jine, whether ftraight, oblique, or Circular,
as in the bones of the nofe and upper jaw, and foall epipby/es in amanner are joined.
Gompho/is, or nailing, when one bone is faftened into another, as a nail in a poft, fo
the teeth are faftened in the jaw bones. :

The whole ftructure of the bones of the head is called cranium, the skull, becaufe
it is as it were an helmet ; it is alfo called calva and calvaria: its fubftance is boney,
to fecure the brain, but, in new-born children, it is fofter than ordinary, |

The bones of the head are either proper or common; the proper are in number
fix: os frontis , 2. 3. offa fincipitis; 4. occipitis; 5. 6. offa temporum. The common
bones are only two in number : os /phenoides, and os ethmoides. Os Srontis, the fore-
head bone, called alfo coronale, is bounded before by the coronal and firit common —
future, and in the fides by the temporal bones ; it is but one in thofe of ripe age,
but in children it is double, being divided by a future paffing from the ecg

30, R i

62 CULPEPER’ ENGLISH PHYSICYAN,

the nofe ; it alfo has a two-fold table, an internal and an external ‘’ on'¢ach fide of
this bone, above the'eye-brows, there are large cavities, commonly two in number
between the two tables, clothed fometimes with a green membrane,’ anid containing
a foft, clammy, and marrowifh, fubftance; from whence two holes pafs into’the
wide fpaces of the noftrils ; and another, which ends into the skell above the in
of the os ethmoides, to diftinguifh the organs of fmelling. . aif

Offa fincipitis, the bones of the fore-part of the head: thefe cover the moiftet’ ee
of the brain, are in fhape four-fquare and unequal, and of a more rare or fpongy
fubftance rhan the other bones, whence the wounds of the /iciput ate deadly they
are joined before with the bones of the forehead, with the coronal future; to the 0
atcipitis, by the lambdoide Suture; and to the off temporum, by the future fauamofe*
without they are fmooth, but within unequal, by reafon of the pfints big a
jugular veins of the dura mater leave behind them.

' Os occipitis, the bone of the hinder part of the head, conftitutes almoft all the
hinder part of the'skull ; and is in children three or four bones, but in grown per=
fons butone, Its form is that of a fpherical triangle, and is joined to the’ crown-
bones by the future lambdoides. It is the thickeft’and moft compact of all bones of
the head, chiefly at the bafis of the skull ; (becaufe there the noble ventricle is feat
ed, and from thence the nerves arife as from a fountain) but at the edges it is the
thinneft of all. It is fmooth without, but within it has many finuofities to receive
the mennings fafely. It has five holes, through the greateft whereof the /pinalis
medulla pafies to the back-bone. The fmaller ferve for the going forth of thenerves,
and entrance of veins and arteries, It has nine cavities, feven within'and two with-
' Out: and two broad procefies at the bafis, covered with a griftle, ‘whichis ‘more .
eminent, and inferted into the cavities of the firft vertebra for the a ‘of the
head; as alfo another {mall procefs behind joined tothe firlt vertebra.’ Offa temparum,
the bones of the temple. Their form is uneven, almoft circular, weil of their
Various fubftance, which is like rocks and craggy cliffs, for which caufe they are

: Beat epee the ftoney or rocky bones... In their upper part they are atte- -

-muated like.a{cale, fo.as to be tranfparent, and are joined to the bones of the fanciput
like fcales ;; before, they. arejoined to the firft bone of the upper jaw, by its firtt pro-
cel: and.to the os accipitis, by the baftard future: they have fix.holes without, two
within :, the firft external hole is large, viz. the auditory paffage, the. other, five.a vr
3 Ul for veffels to.pafs through, They have two.cavities, an outer,. covered wih
:: Which receives the lower jaw-bone; and an inner, which is rather. long,
and common to the os occipitis... The auriculoris is internal, with along protuberaa-
acai isa three-fold cavity, viz. the drum, the labyrinth, asi choses.

yAND FAMILY DISPENSATORY,, 63

The tympanum, or drum, called alfo pelvis, which contains the internal or inbred airy,
and the four bones, called malleolus, incus, tapes, and orbiculare, as a\fo.a ligament,
two,fenefire, or windows, (whichare lite holes in the cavity,). anda water paflage ;
from this cavity goes.a channel into the palate of the mouth... The /adprinthus, cal-
led alfo fodina, is a cavity full of crooked and manifold. turnings; the entrance
hereinto is the oval fenefrra, and joins itfelf to the following cavity ; it has four holes
befides the oval, and afifth, which is termined in. the cochlea or third cavity. The
cochlea has three or four windings, (with a wreathed or fnail-like figure,) the wind.
ings mutually receiving oneanother: thofe that are thick of hearing have only one
ortwo of thofe windings; this cavity is cloathed. with an exceeding thin. and foft
membrane, and adornedwith multitudes of little veins, which turn themfelves about
the wreathings of the cochlea, and by many branches creep into the fecret turnings of

Os fphancides, or the wedge-fafhioned bone, becaufe it is feated as a wedge in the
middle of the bones of the fkull, at the fides it goes along with the.os petrofum,
from whence it is feparated by. a rough chink; above ic touches che firft, fourch,
and fixth, bones, of the upper jaws below it touches the bones of the palate of
the mouth, and is placed under the brain, as a foundation, fo that it touches almolt
all the bones of the head and upperjaw :- in children it is made of four bones, but —
in grown perfons it is but one. Ir is-folid, and the thickeft of all the bones of the
head, where it makes the bafis of the fkull, In the external table are two remarka-
ble epapby/és, near the fides of the holes of the nofe, formed like the wings of a bat.
Im the internal table are four little procefies, in fhape of a Turkith daddie,: called
fila Turcica, fall of litele holes, whofe ufes are to elaborate the in-breathed air, to
make‘fpirits, and to pafs out pituitousexcrements through the funnel, out of the ven
triclesof thé brain: Ithas fundry perforations, by which the optic and motory
nerves of the eye, and other nerves for the motion of other parts; as-alfo veins and
svisiiés fev noGrithment, pally V2 uae’ edacr Aalih vi isidw some di i
Os ethmoides, the fponge or fieve-fafhioned bone, having in- it many holes, (by
which finells pafs to the brain,) efpecially in the inner fide of it, where it joins the
head, and this part is properly called eriérajas from this within the Ocul arifes a
fharp apophi/ts; refembling a cock’s-comb, by which the ethmoides is divided ifto
tivo’ parts} from this procefs is oppofed another, without the noftrils, and diftin-
guithing them, called the divider of the noftrils, as:alfo feprum naf. The chiefitfe —

Sf the bybiboidés fs'tovaleer-the air'drawn'in with finells, that the fpeciesofedoites

and therefore in 4 vorp2a; this bone being obftracted, the fmelling is lofts alfo ‘hete-

64 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN:

by the brain is purged, for phlegm is not only evacuated by the glandula pituitaria
into the palate, but alfo by the os cribrofum into the noftrils. ‘eile taal
The bones of the upper jaw are in number eleven, five on either fide, andone
without a fellow: firft pair, of zygomatica, the yoke-bones, is in a manner triangue
lar, and conititutes the greateft part of the os zygomatis or jugale, and a great part
of the orbita and outward angles of the eye, on the lower fide, _ Second pair, os /a-

oe eS |

Third pair, os maxillare, the cheek-bone, the greateft and thicket of them. all; it
bones which belong to the upper part of the face: it has large cavities on both
fides very remarkable, both that it might be lefs ponderous, and that it might con-
tain marrow.to nourifh the bones and upper teeth. Fourth pair, os maf, the bone
that conftitutes the external and prominent boney part of the nofe; it is thin, hard,
folid, and quadrangular: thefe two bones are joined with a future ; within they are,
rough, that the griftles of the nofe may be the better fattened. Fifth pair, os palati,
feated at the end of the palate, where the holes of the noftrils go into the fauces OF,
throat; they are thin, folid, and broad, and conftitute the hinder part of the cavity
of the palate and noftrils. Sixth, vomer, the.bone without.a fellow, like a ploughs
it is the inmoft and middlemoft under the fphcenoides, and above the. palate: it
holds up the bridge of the nofe like a partition wall, to which it is joined by the fu:
ture, harmonia. Six bones conftitute the orbit of the eye, 1, the Srontalt, which
makes the upper vaulted part: 2. zygomaticum, that on the outfide, where the {mallet
corner is, anda portion of the os fpheenoides : 3. another on the outfide, concurring,
with the former part of the os fphcenoides: 4. maxillare, and. lachrymale, which
conttitute the inner part : 6. the {caley table of the os ethmoides, which makes. up the
lower fide, all united partly by common, partly by proper, futures. 2 et arm
~ Inchildren, till about feven years of age, the lower jaw confifts of two bones,
which arejoined togetherby /puchondroofis; but ingrown perfonsit is but one, TPF
arched part of this bone is the chin; at each end of the thanks are rwo procelless
whereof one is harp, called corone, going forward, into which the tendon of the
emporal mufele is implanted; the other articularis, becaufe it ferves for articula-
tion with the temple bones, which articulation is covered with a common men

- -branous ligament. Its fubftance isexceeding hard and ftrong, that it may, hold out
in biting and chewing ; within it, there is a long. cavity, where marrow Js contain-
ed to nourifh the teeth, and by which a branch of. our fifth pair of nerves of the
‘brain runs unto the roots of the teeth with a little vein and artery: this, cavity, 60

will

quite through the jaw-bone like a pipe, fo that a copper wire, put in at one

“AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY, | 65

will come .oat-at the other. It is movable, and contains fockets'for the teeth; “and
in old age, when the teeth fall-out,’ the foekets draw together, and become fharp.

The teeth are‘bones properly fo called, white, fmooth, hard, and ‘folid, being
indeed hardér than othérbones, that they might bite and chew hard things, ‘noc
much inferior in hardnefs to ftones. They are naked, ‘without any ‘peridftion}’ yet
endowed with a Kind of fenfe, as may be perceived by cold drink, or when fet on
edge; which enfe is lodged in the inner, fofter and’ iore’ Hervous, part. They’
receive into their cavities nerves, which other bontsido ‘hot, atid by which they are
tied:to the mandible with a finneurofis. The teech ebaridldalty grow, all a man’s
life, becaufe they are daily worn by biting and grinding.’ ‘The tavities of the teeth
are clothed with a little membrane of exquifite fenfe, whence ir is thar pains of the’
teeth are fo exceeding vehement: they have five litrle nerves ftom our firlt pair,
which are fpread abroad within, and by fmall twigs mixed with’ the mutilaginous
fubftance in the middle of the teeth; as alfo little arteries to give axe heat ree
nourifhment, and little veins to carry back the blood after nutrition.

‘The tongue-bones are feated under, the lower jaw, and in aDiipidnsols olleuet |
the larynx. ‘They are commonly acbotiieed but one bone, though made up of three,
The ufe of thefe bones is to keep the throat open, both for the ares of ee
and for'receiving in of air in fpeaking or breathing. -

The bones of the ears are the lea{t of all, being the bones fabfervient daitedrigs
and are four om each fide. “ They are all placed in the firft cavity; their fubttance
is hard and denfe,: but hollow within, that they might be lighter, and contain mars
row'for their nourifhment ; they are as big in new-born babes as in men, but not fo
hard. © -The:printipal of thefe bones are called malleus, the hammer ;) incus, the anvil ;

fiapes, the ftirtup and'cs orbiculare, which is found and fivall, ‘joined by a fmall li-
gament to the ftirrup fide, ‘where it is joined to the anvil. The ufes of thefe bones —
are to ferve the fenfe of hearing, and to make'a paflage for the excrements’ of the
ears: for the ftirrup, fhutting the oval, is moved by the anvil, and the anvil being
{mitten by the hammer, and the hammer by the membrane “of the drum, through
the impulfe of the external air, the membrane of the drum sti the mean while driven
‘inwards, whereby the inbred air is affected, which, -paffing through the cochlea,
caufes the branches of the auditory: nerve ¢ to Angnche — of ee and to
Ceirintiniceee, the fame tothe brain. © LW O55

"The bones of the neck, and lish rags vik; Siomitie cranium Ne
or fkull to the ‘0s Coccygis or crapper-bone, are terme: Spina, the thorns beca the yd

ind: ‘part of it eenglis cesar ‘ at seas ‘The seis: the dp po

66 CULPEPER? s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

All thefe vertebrae are hollowed to contain the fj pinal marrow; they are many,. for the
ednveniency of motion. The figure is fometimes inclining inwards, as. the. verte-
bree of the neck, to fuftain the gullet; and afpera arteria; and the vertebrae of the
loins, to uphold the trunks of the aorta, and cava defcending: fometimes outwards,
“as the vertebr2 of the back, anda little of the os facrum, that there may be a larger
~ {pace for the heart, Jungs, bladder, anus, womb, &c. The figure of each verte-
bra, above and below, is plain and broad, that luxation may not eafily be made:
round within, convex, and bunching out; but in the neck broader, and more even.
The vertebre of the back are in number twelve, to which as many ribs anfwer.
Thefe vertebrze are round on the fore-part, but behind fomewhat hollow. They are
thicker than thofe of the neck, lefs folid, and full of little eis for the pallagery of
the nourifhing veffels. .
The vertebrae of the loins are five in number; and belong to the abdenien’t or
Jower belly: they are thicker and greater than thofe of the breaft, becaufe they
uphold them, and the lowermoft are biggeft. Their figure is long and femi-circu- —
“lars their fubftance fpongy, and full of holes to give paflage to the veins;. their
onnection is loofer than that of the back, that we might the more cally ftoop to the
‘ground. aoe ie
The os facrum is broad and immovable, being the bafis or foundation of the back,
upholding the whole frame of the vertebrae. In infants it is commonly compofed of
Six bones united by acartilage, but in men of ripe years it feems but one bone, at the
firft view, yet, being boiled a long time in oil, it is divided for the moft part into
_ dix feveral vertebrae; for each of them has a body, and procefies, and has a large
hole to receive the {pinalis medulla; But in this they differ from the other vertebra,
becaufe in thofe the lower part is the bigger, but in thefe the {maller; wherefore,
the uppermoft is the biggeft, and the loweft the leaft. Its figure is almoft triangu-
lars. ini its fore-part hollow, fmooth, and even; in its hinder-part, paneeee as
r agh, with little holes to fend out nerves.
The 05 coccygis, the crupper or rump-bone, is under the former, confifting tp shire |
01 ¢s and two griftles, and is called os coccygis, the cuckoo’s bill, from the likenels
of. Ivisjoined by a cartilage; for the firft bone of it has a {mall hollowne’s
which receives the laft vertebra of the os facrum. Of thefe three bones, the loweris
ftill che fmaller: and i in men, they are bent inwards to ftay the great gut, and the
fphinéter mufcle which are tied to it: but in women they bend outward to give

way tothe womb in the time of travail. Thefe bones are of a fpungy. and {oft

dubftance, and have neither procefs nor any hollownefs. Their union with: the os ,
facram is tonics to ane mee “es the Eseiution of large excrements 5. for. OEE PSR
iJ (OSROG - oi6 —— Juxation —

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY,. 67

luxation might happen, caufing exceeding great pains ; as in hard labour it now
fometimes happens. — . el J
"The os ianominatum, the hoop-bone, or flank-bone, confifts of three bones, viz.
os ilinm, os ifcbion, and os pubis, all which are joined together by griftles till about
the feventh year: afterwards, efpecially in thofe of ripe years, the cartilages being
dried, they feem to be but one bone. Thefe three bones, together with the os facrum,
make that cavity which is called pelvis, the bafon or bowl, which is bigger ina wo-
man than in a man, that the womb of a woman with child may the better reft upon it;
In hard labour the fhare-bone, or os pubis, and the os facrum, will part, the car-
tilages and ligaments (being bedewed with faperfuous humidity) giving way. 4.
Os ilium, the huckle-bone, fo called becaufe it contains the gut ilium, is the firft
part, the highelt, the broadeft, and the greateft, in figure femi-circular, arched with-
out and hollow within : the femi-circle is called /pina, the arched part dorfum, and the
hollow part cofta.. 2. Os pubis, the fhare-bone, is feated in the fore-part ; and is
parted in the middle by a cartilage not very hard: it is joined to the bone of the
‘other fide by fyncondrofis, which in women is twice as thick and as wide as in men,
that thefe bones in child-bearing may not be luxated or disjointed, but only loofened
and made wide for the coming forth of the child. 3. Os i/ebion, the hip-Bone, is the
‘lower and more outward part, wherein is a large anddeepcavity, called acetabulum,
the faucer, or pixis, the box, which receives the large head of the thigh-bone: the
cartilaginous procefs of this cavity is called fupercillum, the brow. ‘Phe conendix
is placed between the huckle and fhare-bones, and is knit to the os facrum by a
double ligament the one is inférted into the fharp procefs of the hip; the other bet
hind,-into its appendix, that the inteftinum rectam and its mufcles may be fuftained,
- The cofe, or ribs, in figure refemble a bow, or fegment of a circle; their original
from the vertebra is narrower and rounder, growing broader as they come to the —
breaft: in their upper fides they are blunt and thick in their under part harp and
‘thin: the uppermoft ribs are more crooked and thorter 5 the middlemoft are longer
and broader ; the lower are cut again fhorter. Their fubltance is partly cartilaginous,
and partly boney, the boney part being towards the vertebre, where they are furs
nifhed with two little apophyfes or knobs: the firit of which is articulated with the
hollow of the vertebre : the fecond is joined to the tranfverle procefs of thevertebre?
but the five lower ribs by a fimpleknob. The number of the ribs are twelveton
each fide : feldom thirteen, more rarely eleven: and, when they are fo found, you
_ May account their numbers either fupernumerary or deficient. They are.cwosfi
-vizweither legitimate and true, or illegitimate and falfe. . The true or legit

the feven upper ribs, becaule they touch the breaft-bone by their length, and ma
HOLIERA ; : 3 pee se

6 CULPRPERs ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

asit were.acircle: they-alfo make.a perfect articulation with the breaft-bone. Phe
illegitimate or baftard ribs are the five lower ribs, which are fhorter, fmaller,, and fofter,
not ‘reaching: to. the breaft-bone : they are fenni-circular-and arched. without, hollow
within : they terminate into Jonger griftles than the true ribs, which, -beingturned
back upwards, ftick one to another, the laft excepted, which isthe leatt, and fticks .
‘tonone, The eleventh rib, and fometimes the twelfth, :are tied to the feptum tranf-
verfam ;:andfometimes thelaft grows to the oblique defcendent mufcles of the belly,
without the midriff ; or has the circum{cription of its proper mufcle. ‘The ule of the
. ribs isto defend the breaft, and the heart, lungs, and other bowels, therein contain-
ed; ,.as.alfo.to help the motion,of, the breaft and parts adjacent, in fuftaining the .
‘mufcles and fiefhy parts thereof.
The fernum, or breakt-bone, is placed upon the fore-part of the cheft, and. pes
upon the ribs: its fubftance is partly boney, but fpungy and red; partly griftly; its
figure is convex, broad, and long. Iti is compofed of three bones, as may be feen
in young people ; but in old men it commonly appears but one: they are diftinguifh-
ed by, tranfverfe lines, and are knit together by fynchondrofis, for griftles are inter-
pofed like ligaments. Under this is the pit of the ftomach, where the upperand left
orifice is, called /erobiculus cordis. The ufe of the fternum is, firft, to defend the
heart (like a thield) from outward dangers :.fecondly, to uphold the mediaftinum :
thirdly, to collect and faften the ribs.

The collar-bones, being in number two, ,are called claviculc, keys,: ‘becaufe they
fhut up the breaft.or thorax; and as it were lock the fcapula, or fhoulder-blades, to
the fternum. They are fituated crofs-wife, under the lower part of the neck, on the

_ top of the thorax on each fide: externally, they.are convex, onthe infide.a little
concave : their fubftance is thick, but fiftulous and {pungy, and therefore eafily bro-
ken; their fuperficies are rough and uneven. Their ufeis ro aflift in the various
‘motions of the arms; as alfo to uphold thefhoulder-blades, that they fhould: not fall
‘tpon the breaft, together with the thoulder-bone ; moreover the. bone of the: atm
refts upon this bone, as upon a prop, that it may bethe more eafily moved. upwards
and backwards, Hence brutes have no collar-bone,, the.ape, Suey ‘hedar- ‘hog
and. sony excepted.

Ider- is a broad and. et bone, refting upon + the upper ribs ‘pebind,
2 fhield. _ Its fabltanceis hard and folid ; its figure almoft triangular, the out-
fide fomewhat arched, but the infide hollow ; it has alfo a {pine or fharp point,
looking both above and beneath the cavities, called interfeapulia, n the infide af
this bone, about. the, middle, there is a holey by which a vein doth pals ‘for its
—hovrifhment, _It-has five epiphyfes, three at theinfide, and two at the. bafis : a

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 69

alfo ligaments, which join its head to the humerus and the acromion, or fhoulder to the
clavicula : and common, thin, and membranous, ligaments, which compafs the joint
of the fhoulder blade and arm. Its ufes are, 1. to ftrengthen the ribs: 2. for the ar-
ticulation of the Aumerus and clavicula : 3. for the infertion of the mufcles : 4. toco-
ver the heart, and defend the back from being hurt. 3
Os brachii, or bone of the arm, called alfd the fhouldet-bone, is but one, great,
ftrong, long, roundifh, and uneven. Its fub{tance ig hard and folid 3 itis hollow all
along within, containing marrow, but at the two ends more broad, and a little fpun-
gy. In its upper part it has an appendix, epiphy/is, or great head, growing to it;
which is round, covered with 4 griftle, and articulated'with the feapula ov diar-
throfis. In the top of it is alfoa long chink, through which the nervous head of
the mufculus biceps doth pafs. The longer part is articulated to the ubia and radius,
where there are two apophy/es; an external, which is lefs, and crufted with a griftle ;
and an internal, having two cavities, reprefenting a pulley, with which the cubit is
joined by ginglymus, fo that it may be befit to a moft acute angle, but not extended .
beyond a right line. eee a a ini |
The bones of the cubit, or elbow, ate two : the {mallet above, called radius, and
a larger below, called ulna. “T hey are fhorter than the fhoulder, have epiphy/es on
either fide, and, refting mutually one upon another, are joined by a membranous Ji-
gament: above, the wa receives the radius; but below, the radius receives it.
Their fubftance is firm and folid, they are'long, ahd contain a marrowy fubftance ;
but their furface is fomewhat rough, by reafon of the lines appointed for the
mufcles. es Rees eee iil |
Carpus, the wrift, hath eight diftine bones, all of them unequal, and differing in
fhape and magnitude. At firft they are griftles, afterwards {pungy bones, covered
with very ftrong griftly ligaments, which faften them together as if they were but
one bone : thefe ligaments, arifing from the lower proceffes of the wa and radius,
ferve for articulation: but there are angular or ring: fhaped ligaments, which are
tranfverfe, and compafs the writ, to Comprehend, ftrengthen, and fafely carry; the
tendons, which pals through the carpus thefe are many, though they feem to be
but one ligament, the internal comprehend the tendons of the mufcles which bend
the fingers; the external, thetendons of the mufeles which extend them,
~The metacarpus, or palm of the hand, has four bones, of a hard and folid fab- “
ftance, and hollow, containing matrow ; they are round, and bigger than tho e of 3
the fingers that which anfwers to the fore-finger is biggeft, and fo fill the ie
moft are fmallér. Between each bone a diftance is left for the mu/cult mera
the fingers: and in the paleti there is atranfverfe ligament, which ties the on
Sag + Bgieeee T : sai

70 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

‘the fingers to the metacarpium. Above and beneath they have epiphy/es : by the up
‘ “per, they are joined to the carpus, OF wrift ; by the lower, they enter into the hollow. p
nels of the fingers. pth

“The bones of the fingers are in number fifteen, each of them having three bones,
and anfwering the bones of the metacarpus, the thumb excepted. The thumb has
no conneétion with the. bones of the metacarpium, becaule it is articulate with the
wrilt, witha manifeft motion ; whereas the bones of the palm are joined to the writk
without manifelt motion ;. as alfo becaufe, the upper of the thumb is fhorter than
the bones of the metacarpium, and not. anfwerable to them. Each finger has liga-
_ments on their infides, according to their length, like channels, whereby they are
faftened one to another.

The thigh has but one bone, which ts the greateft ae longett i in the. whole body,
In its fuperior extremity, the head is round, to which a flender part is added, called
the neck ; from the neck are two apophy/es produced, to which the muicles, called
rotatores, are faftened, and therefore they are called trochanters. The lower, part of
the thigh has two low prominences or heads, called condyli, a cavity, being left. be-

-tween ofa thumb’s breadth, through which the. veffels pafs, with a nerve, of. the
fourth pair, which cavity alfo admits the middle and, eminent apophyfi 5 Of | the tibia
or leg: in like manner the condyli are received by. the cavities of _ the leg, by a: loofe

articulation, called ginglymus : the inner of thefe heads is more thick, the outer more
broad and flat. The upper part of this articulationis called . the knee, the. sl
moft the ham.

‘o The patella, or knee-pan, is fomewhat round, about two inches aad ea cae

, out having many.holes, but within bunched,,and there covered..with a cartilage :
“its fubftance i in young children is cartilaginous, but in grown perfons boney 5, its
figure i is almoft like a buckler or fhield; its fituation is upon the jointing. of the

_thigh and leg, where the knee is compaffed with a membranous ligament, the patella

~excepted. , It grows.to, andis faftened by, certain thick tendons of fome mutfcles of
the thigh ; as the fecond, third, and fourth, mufcles, which extend the tibia, and
pafs.by the knee toit, and are inferted into the fore-knob of it ; its ufe is taken from :
olts fituation, being fet before the thigh-bone and #ibia, to ftrengthen the articulation,
left the thigh-bone, in going down any hill, fhould. Ain. out forwards ; as iis to de-
fendthe tendons of the mufcles. i aved

_ The fhank, or leg, is compofed of two bones ; the.one, piss the. inner. and the
greater, is called tibia; the other fibula. Tibia, the fhank-bone, has in its upper

part a procefs in the middle, which is received by the cavity of the thigh-bone it

isjoined to the thigh-bone by, ginglymus :, the fidula. only, cleaves, to the, ei

AND FAMILY DIS PENSATORY,

fbuchés not the thigh-bone. In the lower part there is an a
fticking out with a bunch near the foot, which is called malleolus j internus, the j inner
ancle-bone; as the procefs of the fibula j is called malleolus externus, the outward
ancle-bone. Fibula, the button, (becaufe it feems to button together the mulcles
of the fhank,) which is alfo called fura, the calf; is a firm bone, being drawa alon;
before the tibia without, as the radius before the cubit. The upper end with i its
round head fubfitts beneath the knee; but, with i its hollownets, 1 it “Teceives the la-
teral knob, which is under the epiphyfis in the | upper end of the tibia. ‘In the mid-
dle there is‘a diftance between the tibia and fibula, i in which fpace, i is a thin broad
ligament, joining thefe BOnES in longitude, and where alfo the mutcles of the feet
are placed.

The bones of the ‘tarfus, or inftep, are feven. Aftragalos, the game-bone, to which
are joined the great and {mall focile. © Prerna, the {pur of the foot, or heel-bone,
into which the greateft and ftrongeft chord or tendon in the whole body is inferted.
Os. naviculare, from its likenefs to a boat it is long, bunched withour, and hollow
within, -and covered with a cartilage. Os teffera, dridie-thaiped bone, bécaufe it hath »
fix fides; it is greater than the reft, and placed before the heel, joined to the fourth
and fifth bone of the metatarfus: in ‘the hinder with the héel-bone: the other fides
“ate joined to no bones. Cuneiformia, calcoidea, the wedge-like bones, or bones of the

foot, and are articulated with the fcaphoides, or os naviculare: being joined, they
reprefent a vault: for above ibe are convex, beneath hollow, to receive - on
dons and mufcles.

The metatarfus, or fole of the foot, has five bones, which are folid jiubeoit’Th hol-
low within, longer thanthe bones ofthe back of the hand, and knit to the bones of

~ the tarfus. That which ftays the great toe is the thickeft, that which ftays the next
“toe is the longeft, the next is fhorter, and the reft each fhorter inorder. ~The lower
end of that which ftays the great toe, is received by the cuneiforme majus: the {-
“cond by the cuneiforme minus: the third, by the ree gest ‘like — the ey
ist by the two tops of the oscubiforme.

~ The bones of the toes are in number fourteen: the great toe has sil _— the rel
‘three apiece. They are folid without, hollow within; and have three joints and ewo
procefies, anfweting in all things to the bones ofthe hand, The lowermoft joints

1
pophyfis void of Beth,

have two knobs, received by the ends of the middlemoft joints, but the uppermoft
“Feceiveth: the uppermoft joints pate alfo a pucks _eodypes becaufe: ie

the ends of the bones of the foot. ~ id ess es sto ike |
1. There are certain little bonis elle mina of pamvibes ta Ei Be
se both inforni and magnitude, being for the moft part in number fifty-eig

7 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

7 ne:

They are round and a little flat, and lefs in the feet than in the hands, excepting —
thofe in the great toe. 2. They are moft commonly twelve in each hand, or twen-

ty-four in both hands, and fo many in each foot. They grow to the tendons of the
mufcles which move the fingers and toes, under which they lie, wrapped up in the
ligaments, and come away in cleanfing the bones, unlefs great care be ufed. The
ules of thefe /e/amoidean bones are to defend the tendons; to ftrengthen the } joints, and
preferve them from luxation.

The annexed plate demonftrates the fkeleton, or bones, of the human body, which _

confifts of239, exclufive of the /2 efamoideans, os hyoides, and bones of the ears; which,
being added would make the total number 308.
1. Os frontis, or frontal bone: 2. futura coronalis, or coronal future: 3. vertex
finifter: 4, fatura fquamofa: 5. proceffus- offis {phenoides :.6. os temporis, or tem-
poral bone: 7. proceffus maftoideus: 8. os mali: 9, offa nafi, or bones of the nofe:
_,J0, 11, the fuperior and inferior maxillary bones: a. vertebra of the neck : 2. ver-
tebra: of the back: ¢. vertebrae of the loins: 12. 0s facrum: 13. the fternum, or
breaft-bone: +. the coftae: 14. the clavicula, or clavicles: 15. the fcapula: 16.
the humerus, or arm-bones: 17. the ulna: 18. the radius: 19. the carpus, or wrift:
_d. the metacarpus: ¢. the pollex: 7. offa digitorum manus: 20, the os ilium: o. the

os ifchium: 22. the os pubis: 23. tuber i{chii: 24. foramen magnum: 25. os femo- —

ris: 7. collum offis femoris: s. caput offis femoris: 26. the trochanter major : 27.
the trochanter minor: ¢, the patella: 28. the tibia: 29. the fibula: u. the talus: 30
the calcaneus : 31. the metatarfus : z. offa digitorum pedes. ”

OF THE ABDOMEN, OR BELLY IN GENERAL.

THE sbbainens isall that part, diftingwithed within (by the midriff) from the cheft

to the os pubis. It is bounded by the cartilago mucrenata, vertebre of the loins, 05
facrum, hip bones, os pubis, and the baftard ribs on either fide. It is divided into
- three regions or parts: firft, the uppermoft, called epigaftrium, each fide of which
is called Aypochondrium, lying under the griftles of the fhort ribs: it is bounded be-
"tween the cartilago mucronata : fecondly, the middle part, called regio umbilicalis,
which extends from three inches above the navel to three inches below it : the lower
part, called Aypogaftrium , the lateral parts are called iaguina, the groins ; in the right
fides of which, are parts of the colon and cecum, which are tied together; in the left,
a great part of the colon and inteflinum reélum , the fore-part of it is called aqualiculus,
and the loweft part, which is covered with hair, is called pubes, the fhare; the hair

_ begins to appear here in girls about the twelfth year, but in boys about the four-

teenth year, of age. Under this region in women are contained the bladder, matrix,
and inteftinum recium. a

poe pee

ha tn

AND FAMILY '(DISPENSATORY | 3

: The peritoneum, is fo called from ftretching and {preading about, being drawn over
all the parts between the midriff and thighs. Its original is from the firft forma.
. tion, at the third vertebra of the loins, where it is thicker, fo that it Cannot, in that
place, be feparated without breaking. The mufcles of the belly being taken away,
the peritoneum comes to view : it is tied above to the midriff 5 below to the hare and
flank-bones; in the fore-part firmly to the traniverfe mufcles, but chiefly to their
tendons about the dines alba, behind to the fefhy heads of thefe mulcles. It is {per-
matical, cold and dry by nature, and of a fubftance not fimple and uniform, but dou-
ble, and unequal in thicknefs. Itis a membrane double in all places, but it is moft
apparent about the veriebre of the loins, where, between the duplications, lie the
vena cava, the aorta, and the kidneys. Its ufe is to fend connections toall the parts ;
to beftow coats upon all the bowels of the abdomen ; to give a covering to the dia-
phragm, liver, and fpleen; to produce the ligament which upholds the liver; to
make a communion with a)] the principal parts by Veins, arteries, and nerves; to
_ produce the omentum, and, by its reduplication, the mefentery,
The omentum, or caul, fo called, becaufe it floats or fwims upon the guts: it lies
under the peritonzeum, and is ficuated at the liver, fpleen, and bottom of the ftomach:
in fome it ceafes at the navel, in others it falls below the navel, and fometimes it
reaches to the os pudis, where it is inferted. It is a thin membrane, endowed with
_ duch fat, double, and disjoined, _ In men, when it defcends into the {crotum, it
Caufes the rupture epiplocele, which happens moft commonly on the left fide, becaufe
it is extended rather to the left than to the right fide. Its fubtance is membranous,
that it might admit dilatation and extenfion 3 it is compact, to hinder the diffipation
Of the internal heat, and to repel the external cold: itis tied to the ftomach, being
a middle part between the co/on and the fpleen. Its ufesare tocherifh and ftrength-
€n the internal heat of rhe ftomach and inteftines ; to give nourifhment to the parts
in time of famine; to contain the humours flowing from the inteftines, which the
S/andulus cannot receive wholly at one time ; to prop up the branches of the veins
‘and arteries of the ftomach, duodenum, colon, and {pleen ; and to generate the fat.
_» The ftomach, called ventriculus, from its cavity, is fituated in the epigafrium, a
Place encompafied with no bones, that it might ftretch the more eafily, immediately
under the midriff, which it toucheth, fo that, if it be too full, it caufeth a difficulty
of breathing, by hindering the motion of it. In the fore-part and.on the right fide,
At is covered with the hollow of the liver ; in the left by the fpleen; fo that the fto-
.Mach is as it were between two fires, bending a little towards the left Ay coonar tt wh :
_and towards the back part it leans on the aorta, the cava, and the pancreas, which
helps its heat, It is le(s in women than in men, to give way to the diftenfion of the
oo ae a oe

4 CUWPEPER’s|\ ENGLISH (PHYSICIAN,

matrix, and it is'compoted of three tunicles ; the outwardmoft is common fiom the
peritoneum, and is the thickeft; the middlemoft is proper to itfelf; and flefhy ; ‘the
innermoftis from the dura meninx, and wrinkled, as alfo hairy like a piece of file:
this is. continued with the tunicle of the afophagus, mouth, and lips, that nothing may
be received in which is ungrateful to the ftomach: hence it is that; when ‘choler isin
the ftomach, the tongue is bitter and yellow. Itis fpungy, andhas paflages like
fhort fibres, from this inner furface to the outward, that the thinner chylus: may be
the better detained. ‘The inmoft coat ferves chiefly for fenfe ; the middlemoft for
the office of motion; and the third, that it might be as a covering for the whole.
The ftomach has two orifices, and beth of them in the upper region thereof; the
left is called os fomachi, the rightthe pylorus, or porter: the os ftomachi, or leftori-
fice, has orbicular fibres, that, the meat and drink being once received within theca-
pacity of the ftomach, it may, by a natural inftinét, exactly fhut up the mouth of the
ftomach, left the fumes and heat fhould break out, which might not only gointo
the brain and breed difeafes there, but alfo hinder concoétion. The right orifice ‘is

of equal height with the other; left the meat and-drink fhould flip through before

they are digelted. It is not wide like the former, becaufe it is to tranfmit the élabo-
‘Fated chyle, which is done by the ftrength of the ftomach, in contracting itfelf.
Wherefore the pylorus, belides its tranfverfé fibres, has a thick and’ compat cifdle,
reprefenting the /phinéfer mufcle, that it might the moreeafily fhut and open. The
itomach has arteries from the ramus caliacus, which accompany every vein, that
blood may be fupplied from the heart for nourifhment of the part: it ‘has likewile
“Many nerves; ‘viz. two in its orifice from the ftomach branches, which beihg pro-

_ duced, after they have run back in the thorax, “and furnithed the lungs and pericar-

‘dium, are covered with ftrong membranes. ‘Thefé fo crofs one another, that they
» are carried obliquely, and without doubt with greater fafety. The right branch

“compafits the fore and left part of the mouth of the ftomach ; the’ left branch, ‘the

“binder and right part of the fame: from thefe branches of nerves are ‘fent down-
“wards; tothe very bottom ; a branch goes from the left nerve, along the upper part
‘of theftomach, to the pylorus, which it infolds with certain branches, and goes to
“thehollowof the liver: other two nerves alfo go to the bottom of the’ ftomach,

» from the branches which run along by the roots of the ribs. Hence it is, that, when,

Bs

_ itis that vomiting fo often fucceeds in‘ many difeafes, where there is a confent of

the brain is hurt, the ftomach is fick, and falls a vomiting, as in a’ vertigo, bemicrania,
© &eoalfo, whem the ftomach is affected, the head and brain are ill; or afflicted with
"pain; and by reafon that the orifice of the ftomach is fo'compaffed with nerves, as

if it were altogether made of nerves, it becomes of amoft exquifite fenfe; and hence

ae 4

parts

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORI|Y) 55

parts with the ftomach. The ftomach. is the feat of hunger, and does the fir of all
parts fel the want of food 3 (afterwards the other parts by faintnefy and univerfal
debility) for, the blood. being fpent upon the nourifhment of the body the fibres of
the internal membrane of the ftomach are contracted, and’ :fo: this: pain, whichis
called hunger and thirft, is caufed. at iw ai bs sd
.. The inteftines, or guts, begin at the pylorus, and end in the anus’ or fundament.
They are called inteftina, or inwards, becaufe they are in the inmoft feat.of the body.
They are of a round figure, that they might the better contain the nourifhment; of
4 membranous fubftance, the better to have conftriétion and dilatation; and indeed
their fubftance is almoft the fame with the ftomach, having three coats, one com-
mon and external, being bred immediately from the menfenterium, but mediately
from the peritoneum. The fecond, which is the middlemoft, is proper, being mem-
branous, ftrong, and furnithed with flefhy fibres, The third, which is the inner-
moit, is alfo proper, nervous, and lined with a crufty fubftance, framed of the ex-
crements of the third concoction of the guts, glazed as it were with a mucys or
ophlegmatic fubftance, bred in the firft concoétion, by which excoriation is not only
hindered, when fharp humours pafs through the guts, but alfo by its affiftance the
expulfion of the foeces is furthered... This internal membrane has fuch a crufty
fubftance, that the mouths. of the meferaic veins might not be ftopped; and thac
neither they nor the coat itfelf might be made callous by the continual thoroughfare
of the chyle. The fibres of the internal membrane of the fmall guts are oblique,
‘but of the external coat tranfverfe; becaufe thefe are appointed for the retention
sand expulfion of the chyle: but, in the thick guts, the inner coat has tranfverfe
fibres, the outward has oblique and ftraight, becaufe they are appointed for the ex-
Pulfion of. the excrements: the inner ‘membrane alfo of the {mall guts, is full of
wrinkles to ftay the chylus from paffing too foon. As to the length of the-inteftines,
they are in general fix times, as long as the whole body: it is wonderful that the
guts (of fo great a length) fhould be comprehended in fo mall a compafs, fo a that
they-are not above a {pan diftant from the centre, They have a motion, which is
periftaltic, or the worm-like motion, by which they move theavlelves all over by a
contraction from the upper parts downwards; moreover they have Many patie
vand:windings, or-bendings, which ferve to keep she nutrient, till the concoétion
eile. asec sper aca is the: middle of the guts.’ vIcis:one%in
» The menfentery, is. fo called, becaufe it is ) a ge
number, but.divided.into two parts, the me/areum and mi vp ho :
» the fmall guts are knit togethers by the mefocolan, the thick eames ag

“6 CULPEPER’ s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

tion is in the middle of the abdomen, fticking to the tranfverfe procefits of the ver!
‘tebra by ligaments, whence is its original: for it arifes from the firft and third wet:
tebrae of the loins, where membranous fibres are produced from the Deritonceu
which | turn into ftrong membranes. The veffels of the mefentery. are veins, arteries,
and nerves, which pafs to and from the guts, between the membranes,” -The veins
are.called me/araice, and they are two-fold, viz. fanguinee and laéee, both which are
‘almoft innumerable, The vene fanguinee, or meferaice, receive the blood from the
arteries, after. nourifhing of the parts, and fo convey it back again to the liver,
The venze lalee,. afcending from the guts, and carrying the chyle, do centre in the
glandules, or receptacles of the chyle. Thefe g/andules of the mefentery, are to prop
‘up and fupport fundry diftributions of the branches to the vena porta and arteria
magna and hence it is, that. about the centre of the mefentery.are the greateft ker-
nels, becaufe there is, the diftribution of the greater and more collected veftels; if
“thole become fcirrbous, an atropbia, or extenuation of the whole body, viz.a wafting,
eannefs, and pining, follows, becaufe the pafling of the chyle is hindered, where-
byt the nourifhment.of the body is.loft. . Their. fubftance in men is glandulous and
folid, Jike other glands of the mefentery, watered, as it were with the vena latte,
yet capable of chyle. in their leaft corners. ‘Their connexion is in the hinds wit :
vertebrae lumbares: in the fore part they are joined to the mefentery by fmall milky
branches, which carry, the chyle to thefe fountains or receptacles. The ufe of ‘thefe
milky glandules is to receive and contain the chyle coming from the vena latter of :
ak melentery: as alfo to digett and prepare it. by the help of the neighbouring hot
vellels, viz. the artery and vein, and then, being prepared, to thruft it out into the
Aboraices, and other parts, as the liver, which is eafily proved by ligature ; for, if, thefe
‘latlee, whether i in the thorax or going to the liver, be bound, they always fwell.on
that. fide next to the glandules or mefentery, and grow empty on the other fides:
they.alfo fqueeze. out the ferum, being feparated from the chyle in that light epa-
ration, ; and expel i it either into the reins adjacent to them; or into the emulgent ar-
ter € fo.which they fend branches; or into the capfulz atribiliriz, appointed for
lanche x or, laftly, into the doubling: of the Se in rwhich they. aon

a tO8 ¥

ar by diuretics and diffolved by u urines and ped sa

a real diabetes, eid is ie voided. becdeh ae eiAdej in a very saya, : a 2
pis s received, without change of confiftency, colour, tatte, or {mell ; hene

ie = I

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 7

pears the reafon of an atraphia of the parts, efpecially thofe of the thorax, which
draw the chyle out of the milky receptacles; for that they are fometimes preffed to-
ether, whereby the diftribution of the chyle is obftruéted: fometimes alfo they are
inflamed, tumified, and affli@ted with a feirrbus. Hence it is that lithontriptic or ne-
Phritic medicaments do prefently eafe fuch as have a pain in their reins: as likewile
cantharides, and fuch as incite to luit, do immediately, without ftopping the paflage, -
come to the arteries emulgent and fpermatic ; becaufe thar, in the accuftomed jour-
ney, (much the longer way,) the virtue of the medicaments would eafily be ener.
vated. And here the reafon is obvious why diuretic and nephritic medicaments
make fuch an impreffion of fmell and colour in urine, as is manifelt in caffia, turpea-
tine, juniper, afparagus, and other like things. Many of the leéfee of the mefen-
tery, coming through the greater glandules, and the fides of the porte, are grafted
into the liver. Their entrance is about the third lobe, to which many of the /aéee
from the mefentery and appendices of the ftomach do come. From the upper part of
the milky glandules, immediately under the diapbragma, there arife as many milky
branches as there are glandules, which, through the middle of the /pina, pierce the
diaphragma, and, by mutual infertion, two of them are joined about the firft verte-
bra of the loins ; another branch, coming out of the fecond glandule, about the
twelfth vertebra of the back, enters a little above the other infertion; but the third,
tifing from the third elandule, is to be feen near the eleventh vertebra, from whence
it arifes as a folitary branch, through the middle of the back, by the fide of the aorta,
and the vein azyges, between both, under the a/ophagus, to which it is firmly
knit by its membranes. Thefe milky thoracics departing from the fpinal, (about the
third or fifth vertebra of the back,) through the midit of which they creptall this way,
turn a little to the left, and creeping up under the e/ephagus and aorta, and under i
fubclavial artery and the glandules of the shymus » they go forward ~ ES as eit
and left axillary vein; they enter the vein juft where the outward car hente '
felf forth into the axillary aforementioned. From hence theta tes , ~«
des carry the chyle out of the milky glandules or receptacles » ag ge atte 0 ri !
fubclavials; but the laflee meferaice carry the chyle from the ues Si “. or
Uiw wires Sent oa | le not to the head nor to the joints,
receptacle or to the liver: alfo that the chy eee rere e Ririon wheiaae
- “Bur is ‘carried to the heart with the blood that meas down in eae Sais ny ee a
changed into the fanguineous humour: and hence the leftee of the ¢ a ne
‘their reftorative force from nutriment, cordials, and acne os its a
mach or afephagus, by the glandule laéfe, and carry them ftraitwa Peo: Te
whence it is, that drinking vinegar, wine, ie at treats ak eee
ately caufe the ftrength to be reftored 5 so prefently ae dea
ae * 7

8 CULPEPER R’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

and his hunger flayed: this virrue is conveyed by’ the milky branch which isn
near the e/fophagus, and the fhort paflage of the reft of the lee to the heart's)
alfo ‘vulnerary’ potions and pectoral drinks come a fhorter and furer > way: tor,
the heare and lungs, to which, by the long way about through the bowels,
and veins, they could’ not come fo fafe and fecures and by the fame reafon poi-
fons as fwiftly overcome the heart, infe€& the vital {pirits, and deftroy their,’
harmony. © | : . cea
The liver is an organic part, and an inftrument of the blood, (both for generating.

Pe

and perfecting it,) feated in the abdomen, juft under the diaphragma ot midriff, in

the right bypochondrium, about a finger’s breadth diftance therefrom; is covered by..
the ribs for fafety, but covers, or lightly refts upon, a Great part of the ftomach. It-
is divided as'it’ were into two parts by che umbilical vein, which, after the birth, .
fetves it for’a ligament. It is faid to’ be the original or beginning of the veins, be-.
caufé therein the roots of the two greateft veins appear difperfed, viz. of the cava...
and porte, as roots implanted in the earth; alfo here are to be {een inferted, tranks..
and brariches of the vena lafize, arifing ffom the pancreas mefenterit. It is a teat,
thick, and ‘hard, body; of a red colour, confifting of a fubftance proper to itfelf, |
fitted and ordained for that end. — It differs from the livers of beafts, in that it has
feldom any lobes, yet the hollow part of it has a fifure or.chink, where the umbili- -
cal vein is implanted. Its magnitude is exceeding great, beyond all the other wiftera;
and bigger in man than in any other living creature, the proportion of body being ,
confidered; and this feems to be neceffary, confidering the noble ufes and funétions
to which it is ordained. ‘The a¢tion of the liver is fanguification; for the chyle, be-
ing conveyed to the liver by the vena laftea, is there fanguified, or made chymus; for.’
the fubftance of the liver doth not only fuftain the veins, but is alfo the efficient of»
fanguification, and of perfecting the blood by its circular motion; and, together:
with the'blood, it generates natural fpirits. : 7 son anid Mt
_ The gall-bladder and choler-channel are fituated on the right-fide of the liver, in.
the“under or hollow part thereof. The branches of both. thefe, together with the
branches of the vena porte, are comprehended in a common bladder, called capfiula.
Thefe branches of the vefica,fellis, and duétus choledochus, or Liliarius, being detained.
in the liver, are difperfed through its whole parenchyma, every where included in the:
aforenamed capfula, which is red, about the thicknefs of anartery, and takes its ori-)
Sinal from the peritoneum, The gall-bladder is a veflel long and round, much like |
4 Peat, hollow, furnifhed with a double membrane. . Its magnitude is fmall, com-
pared to the fpleen or kidneys, being about two inches in length, and in fome. perfons, ;
ngarly three inches. The ule of the gall is, 1, to caufe a new and more perfect fer-
3 ‘ mentation

AN D-PFAMILY DISPENSATORY,. i

) mentation OF the chyle: 2. to prick the guts by its tharpnefs, ‘to {tir up their peri-.
ftaltic motion, that they may drive down the chyle, and expel the excrements : 3. to
mix with the:chyle in fuch Proportion, that, being converted into ss the blood
might thereby be kept from congelation. '
To illuftrate this fubje& more amply, we have fabjoined. a reprefentation of the
liver of a new-bori child, where A A A A reprefents the circumference of the liver ; »
BB BB, the lower part of the liver, in which there are feveral irregularities ; C, the.
gall:bladder, D, the umbilical vein, running with a fingle trunk from che navel to
the liver; E E E,*the finufes of the vena porta, into which alone the umbilical -
vein inferts itfelf, with a fi ingle trunk; F, the trunk of the vena parte cut off;
G GGG, the principal branches of the fiius of the vena ports diftributed through .
the liver, which become confpicuous when a fmall part of the fuperficies of the liver
is abraded off; H, the trunk of the vena cava; IJ, the canalis venofus, or ductus »
_-venofus, arifing from the finus of the vena porte, over-againft the ingrels of the .
umbilical vein, and infertine itfelf into the vena cava: this, in the uterus, carries a.
reat part, and probably the greater part, of the blood, cartied through the umbi-
lical vein to the liver of the foetus, by a large paffage to the vena cava and the heart; ,
but this, after the birth of the foetus, gradually grows narrower and clofes; A, the :
entrance of the umbilical vein into the finus of the vena porte. To this defcrip.-
tion of the external part of the liver, it may not be improper to add chat of its blood-.
veffels, together with their numerous ramifications, freed from the parenchymatous .
fubftance. Fig. 1. reprefents the under fide of thefe veflels; A being that part of «
the'liver which lies next to the back ; B, its right fide; C, its anterior edge; D, its «
left fides Ei, the vena cava, where it pafles through the diaphragms Er, Ea, E 3, .
its three principal branches, diftributed almoft through the whole liver; F,the vena »
porte turned upwards, that other vefiels may be more eafily feen; F1, F2, F 3, F 4, .
four branches of the vena porta: diftribated to feveral quarters of the flat part of the
liver, but the fifth branch is not obferved on this fides G, the gall-bladder ; if, .
the vena umbilicalis become a ligament; J, the ductus communis choledochus; Ky .
the canalis -venofus, now performing the office of a ligament; L, the trunk -of the:
vena: cava defcendens a, a {mall portion of: the membrane inveiting, the liver 5) a
that part of the diaphragm which furrounds the vena cava; ¢, the biliary. ducts 4,"
the cyftic du; 2, the place where thefe vefiels meet > f, the hepatic artery 5° ee :
hepatic nerves)’ p;'p) 7, ps the capfula laid open ; 4, 9, the lympheedudtss-
1, Mh, tn, BCC. the e finialler branches: of the vena porte My 1, Be: the ca an

ss : $Sa00r OW? IU)
the ye ha cava. aE
Re . ‘ P

fat F4 atm: + Bane Roe aa Stake 7 ate 77 3
Ah SJekE oR. 1Gin Gils Wott views Ve

& CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

‘The fpleen, or milt, is fituated in the left fide under the fhort ribs, over againtt
the liver, and under the midriff, between the ribs and the ftomach, near to the back.
‘part. Its colour in new-born infants is red, becaufe they have been fed with elabo-

rate blood; but in thofe of ripe age it is of a darkifh red colour, and fometimes al-
moftblackith. It is connected by thin membranes arifing from the peritoneum, to
the peritoneum itlelf, caul, and to the left kidney, and fometimes alfo to the feptum or
diaphragma, ‘The action and office of the fi pleen is not to be either the receptacle or
the place of the generation of melancholy, (as feveral learned men have thought, )
nor to make blood, (as many others have imagined, ) but to highly perfect the blood
already made, thatit may ferve as a fermentum, both to the daily generated chyle and
all the reft of the blood in the body: the excrementitious blood which cannot be fe-
parated from the fpleen, if it be thin and watery, is purged out, firft, by the arteries,
not only to the guts, but alfo to the kidneys, by the emulgent veins; hence, in difeafes
-of the {pleen, the urine is many times black, in which cafe we commonly adminifter
‘diuretics. Secondly, by the ftomach ; whence, in the {curvy and a quartan ague, the
fick {pits exceedingly ; but, if this excrementitious blood be thick and earthy, itis
‘voided direétly by the anus by Proper arteries going the guts, by which means the
ordute is black, as alfo by the internal hemorrhoidal veins, as the great Hippocrates
: has often fhewn. , ee
The reins, or kidneys, are fituated under the liver and fpleen, by the loins, between
the two coats of the peritoneum, at the fides of the cava and aorta, under which very
great nerves lie hid, and reft upon the mufcles of the thigh: whence it is that, a ftone
__ being in the kidneys, a numbnefs is felt in the thigh and leg of that fide. ‘The left

kidney is for the moft part higheft; the right is loweft to give way to the liver,

“reaching by its end the third vertebra of the loins. They confift of a fubftance folid, .
fiefhy, thick, hard, and compaét, almoft as the heart, but not fo fibrous. They ate
conneéted by an external membrane from the peritoneum to the loins and diaphragma j
by the emulgent veffels to the cava and aorta ; and by the ureters to the bladder.

The ‘right kidney is tied to the cecum, fometimes alo to the liver: the left to the
een and colon; hence pains of the reins are exafperated by plenty of wind mirth
crements. ‘The colour of the flefh of the kidneys is red; and through their hollow-
ed fides are carried the emulgent veins and arteries, proceeding from the trunks of
‘ava and aorta : they have alfo emulgent arteries, which are large, and derived we

from the trunk of | the aorta, which carry blood for nourifhment, and that there he
the ferum (which is plentiful in the arterial blood) may be feparated : they have alfo
one very {mall nerve on each fide, which fprings from the ramus fomachicus, proceed-
ing from the par vagum, and is inferted into the proper membrane of the pines :
- wnenc

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORYy.

whence arifes the fympathy between the ftomach and reins ; and that they who are

diféafed in the kidneys by the ftone or fome other dift
Gek 4 emper, are fo
fick at ftomach, and troubled with vomiting, The ufe ai efor the moft part

$1

open into the cava, and fo'to the heart. The ferous part is ftrained through the
papillary caruncles, which have holes into the branches of the ureters, and after grow
together into one cavity or expanfion of the wrefer, into which the ferum is emptied ;
through the ureters it pafes into the bladder, where it becomes urine, *
The deputy kidneys, or black choler cafes, are fo feated, that they reft upon the
upper part of the kidneys, on the outfide, where they look towards the vena
being covered with fat membranes, "In figure and fabftance they for the moft part
reflemble the kidneys, fave that their fleth is a little loofer: fo that they feem like
little kidneys refting upon the Great ones, They have an apparent internal cavity,
furnifhed with a dreggy and black humour; and are ftrongly connected, where
they reft, to the external membrane of the reins, and to the /eptum sranfoerfum, to
which they commonly ftick in diffe@tion. |

The ureters, are white vefiels, like veins, but thicker, whiter, and more nervous ;
confifting of a fingle membranous fubftance, inclofed in a duplication of the perito-
ucum. ‘They are as long as between. the kidneys and bladder, and commonly as
thick or wide as goofe-quills : but, in diffection of perfons troubled with the ftone,
they have been fo wide as to admit of two fingers. Their original is in the kidneys,
within whofe cavities they are divided Into nine or ten little pipes or channels,
which are fitted to the little Aefhy teats or caruncule papillares, that they may diftil
the ferum into the pelvis, or bafon, or large cavities of the ureters within the kid-
neys. The ureters, defcending within the duplicature of the peritoneum, upon the

mufcles of the loins, to the bladder, are inferted obliquely into its neck ; then, af-

jcending upwards between its membranes, they perforate the innermoft coat

and through the fame hole they both enter the bladder: in the implantation of the a
ureters, two little membranes or valves are placed, like the valves in bellows, nae
ting up the paffages of the ureters, fo that the urine cannot go back. They receive

_ and marrow of the loins, Their ule is to convey the urine from the kid
‘the bladder. eee Sigler e
31. § Fe en?

'

& #CULPEPER’s| ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

The bladder, or receptacle of urine, is feated between the duplicature‘of the
peritoneum, in the cavity of the hypogafrium, which is called pelvis, or the bafon;
which in a man lies between thes pubis and intefinum refium 5 ina woman, between

the os pubis and the neck of the womb. Its figure is oval or globical; that it might
~ = hold:the more}: from the'bottom itis by little and little ftraightened into ‘a narrow
neck. Its magnitude is various ; and, according to the greatnefs of the lungs, fuch
is the greatne{s of the bladder ;.and fuch animals as have no lungs have no bladder:
man, according to. his magnitude, has of all living creatures the greateft bladder. Its
fubftance is:partly membranous, for ftrength fake, as alfo that it might extend and
wrinkle together....It has.two membranes and one mufcle, which moft anatomifts
make to be a thirdumembrane, and not a mufcle. The bottom is fattened to the
peritoneum, and to the-navel by a middle ligament called urachus, and the two naval
-arteries dried up. The neck of the bladder is tied in men to the inteftinum reéium ,
but in women to the vagina uteri, or neck of the womb, and to’the neighuboulted :
-hip-bones. The bladder has three holes; two a little before the neck, where the ;
treters are inferted, and a third in the neck; through which the urine is voided.
The neck is flefhy and fibrous, furnifhed with a fphinéter mufcle to purfe: it: up,
. ‘that the urine may not pafs out againft our will; in-men this neck is long, narrow,
and wreathed, becaufe, being placed under the bodies, which conttitute the yard, it
runs upwards under the fhare-bones, from the fundament to the origin of the yard.
‘In-women it is fhort and broad, ftretched forth downwards, and implanted above
into the neck of the womb. The bladder has arteries from the Aypoga/rrica in-men,
-and from thofe which go from the neck of the womb in women: ; by thefe.it is
(nourifhed ; it has veins alfo from the vena hypogaftrica implanted into the fides of its
“neck, varioufly diffeminated through the bladder, which are mutually conjoined one
‘with another and with the arteries by open holes, that nutritive blood may return
| andi it-has nerves from the par vagum, and from the medulla of the os facrume) °° ~
~ 9 The fpermatic veffels, in men called vafa- preparantia, are two-fold, viz. aca
‘fpermatic veins, and the two fpermatic arteries. ‘The right-fide vein {prings from
othe trunk.of the vena cava, a little below the rife of the emulgent, otherwife it mult
‘goover the aorta, and then there would be danger of breaking ; or, at leaft, by
‘reafon:of the pulfation of the artery, the venal blood might be hindered. Both the.
feminal arteriesarife from the trunk of the aorta, about two inches diftant fromthe
emulgents ; thefe.veffels, being a little diftant one. from another, are tied together
ana thin membrane from the peritoneum, Thefe {permatic preparers are greater
in'men than’ in-women, and the arteries are greater than the veins, becaufe very

% {inachsteany wigehipiriy and aesocial blood, eee Thefe veifels

AN DYFAMILY DISPENSATORY, 83

are carried obliquely above:the ureters to the roins; but inotheir progrefs they are
joined by infinite anaftomofes or inofculations: fo that, the arteries are fo coupled
ewithin the coats.of the veins, as if they were but one vefiel, and they are knit toge-
ther by a membrane arifing from the peritoneum, and afterwards cartied tothe begin.
ning of the tefticles, like a tendril of a vine, being fo interwoven thaca curious eye
cannot diftinguith a vein from an artery. Thisintertexture of veins. andatteries be-
ing the twiftings of the va/a preparantia, makes a long, thick, glandulous, but hard,
cord, called corpus varicofum, which is without any remarkable cavity “Phete veils
_ do not pafs through the peritoneum, as in dogs, but are carried between its double
coat, with a fmall nerve from the par vagum and the mufele cremafter, and, paffing
to the bottom of the tefticle, end at the vas deferens. Thel arteries carry blood and
fpirits (in whofe admirable windings they are more elaborated) ro'the tefticles, from
whom they have a virtue feminal : with this blood the tones ate nourifhed, and pare
of it becomes feed: the veins are clofely interwoven with the arteries about the
tefticle, and joined to them by mutual anaftomofe ; that they may carry back the
blood which remains unto the left emulgent, or to the vena cava on the right fide,
from whence the fpermatic vein commonly fprings. If one or both the fpermatic
-arteries be injured, or wanting, as they are fometimes, fuch perfons doubtiels can-
not get children, but muft neceffarily be barren. : dlitsre ban
- 0 The tefticles in men, are glandulous bodies, Aagey, fpungy, foft, and white, with-
‘out any cavity, full of {mall veins and arteries, fuch as are not in any other part of
the body. ‘Their figure is oval, but it fometimes varies, according to the turgency
of any of the neighbouring veffels. The right tefticle is hotter, and better concotts
the feed, than the left: becaufe the former receives the artetial blood immediately
from the aorta, the latter from the emulgent. They are feated externally without
the abdomen, under the belly, at the root of the yard, in the fcrotum or covering :
being commonly in men anfwerable tothe bignefs of a fmall hen’s egg. The mem-_
branes being taken away, the fubftance of the tefticle'comes in fight, upon which,
athwart, is placed a fmall body, called corpus vermiforme, to the 2.8 end whereof
cleaves the vas /permaticum deferens, the carrying fpermatic veffel, which enters into the
fubftance of the tefticle, and empties the feminal “matter thereinto: from the other
‘end arifes the’ was gaculatorium, which in the beginning is full of turnings and
windings, and cleaves firmly to the tefticle, by its ends, being loofe, and feparate
in its middle. They have vefiels of all
the twenty Set pai ofthe pina arrow, which, being conjoined withthe
tic veffels, are carried with-them through the production. of the peritane

fometimesalfo they have two nerves from is

% #CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,:

diffeminated into the tunicles, They have on each fide one proper mufcle, called
cremafter or fufpentfor : and a common mutcle, from the membrane of the {crotum,
called dartos.. The tefticles have alfo feveral tunicles, coats, or coverings ; of which

_ two are common: three proper to themfelves only. The firft common coat (which.

is to defend the part) is conttituted of the fkin and fcarf-fkin, and is called fcrotum_
or burfa fcroti, becaufe it is like a purfe or bag: it is foft, wrinkled, and void of fat:
having i in its lower part a line, according to the length thereof, which divides i into
a right and left part, and is called jutura, or a feam. The fecond common coat
confifts of a fielhy membrane, f{pringing from the membrana carnofa, which is here
thinner than in other places, and full of veins and arteries, and is called dartus: : this

‘by many is comprehended under the term fcrotum. The firft proper coat is called -

vaginalis, the {cabbard coat ; and elicoides, from its thinnefs, which is yet ftrong and
full of veins, arifing from the procefles of the peritoneum, and cleaving to the ©
dartos by many membranous fibres, whence its exterior part is rough, its interior
fmooth. The fecond proper coat is called erythroides, becaufe of its rednefs ; it has
fome flefhy fibres from the cremafter, from which it is propagated, and is fpread over
the vaginalis. - The third and innermoft, called albiginea, arifing from the coat of the
ipermatic veffels, immediately encompafies the. fubftance of the ftones, and as_it
were binds the fame, being white, thick, and {trong, . The ufe of the tefticles is to
elaborate the feed, and to make it, by their heat and inbred faculty : for the efficient
caufe of the feed is the proper parenchyma of the tefticles, both in regard of their hot
and moift temper, and of their {pecific property; for, the blood being prepared,
they convert it into feed; what remains over and above ferves for nourifhment. of
the part, and the remainder is conveyed back, by the fpermatic veins, to the
The vafa deferentia, are the veffels carrying away the feed, and thefe begin at the
tefticles, and end at the root of the yard, whither they carry and ejaculate the fe-
minal humour; being in number two, on each fide one. Now thele vafa dg deferentia,
ae 1 alfo meatus feminales, are divided into three parts; the beginning, middle,
lend: under which are comprehended, the paraftrate, the vafa ejaculatoria, | the
t feminales, and the profate. The paraftraie, or affiftants, are the beginnings 3
the vafa defer entia, Their fubftance is of the middle Nature, between that of
the ox Ghicien and. that of the vafa gjaculatoria, being within glandulous and fpungy,
but without membranous. They have their origin in the ftones, making many

anaftomofes there, with the wafa preparantia, by means of innumerable fmall pipes,

or white fibres. The ule of the paraftrate is to perfect and finifh the feed, bya

virtue which they receive from the tefticle, and, while the feed is lodged i F ee
requen

-€
“=

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY.! > 85

frequent luft is not.provoked. The vafa eaculatoria are the middle of the vata
Cierentia, properly fo called; thefe convey the feed from the paraftate or corpora va.
ticofa-to the veficula ferninales. Their fubftance is whiteand nervous: their igure
long and round, with an obfcure cavity or hollownefs: their fituation i is partly in
the tefticles, partly in the cavity of the abdomen, above the os pubis or fhare-bone ;)
for they run upwards and are knit to the -vafa preparantia by a thin’ membrane, and.
fo are carried along to the flanks and fhare-bone, which for that puitpofe have a
flight cavity. After being turned back downwards, they pafs above the ureters,
and under the hinder part of the bladder ; above the inteftinum refum, at the neck of
the bladder, they are on each fide widened, and there conttitute the feminal ‘blad-
ders. Veficule feminales, the feminal bladders, are the end or termination of the vafa
deferentia: after the conftitution of theft bladders, thefe carrying vefféls are united
into one {mall paffage, and are inferted into the proftate. Thefe bladders are many
in number like little cells, and feem to make on each fide one remarkable great and!
winding one, for that they go one into another, much refembling’a bunch of grapes.’
Their fubftance is nervous, and they are feared beeween the ligaments of the blad-
der and the rectum, by the fides of the vafa ejaculatoria a little before the {aid veffels
grow thick andunite.. Their-ufe is to contain the feed being perfected, ‘and to re-
ferve the fame till the time of Coition, that fo there may bea fufficiency for genera-
tion. The profate, ftanders before, ftoppers, or conductors, are two certain carun-
cles (in which the vafa deferentia terminate) manifeftly differing from the veficule
feminales in ufe, form, fituation, and magnitude. Their fituatioiis at the root of the

_ yard, above the fphinéter of the bladder, on each fide at the neck thereof. Their
fubftance is fpungy, yet harder and whiter than any other kernels, and they are alfo
covered with a thicker membrane, being of exquifite fenfe, that they might caufe
pleafure in coition. They are flat before and behind, but round on the fides: their
magnitude is ufually as big as a walnut, and they are open by certaih pores into the
urethra or urinal paffage, which is evidently apparent in fach as have died of a go-
norrhoea, where they have been dilated, and in whom the feat of that difeafedid
lodge. Their ufe is to contain a vifcous and flippery humour, to moiften the ure-
thra, for the more eafy and fpeedy paffage of the feed: and they alfo ferve to ftay
the involuntary effufion of the feed, and to hinder its regurgitation, being once a
ted. They terminate in a {mall caruncle upon the‘urethra, which as/a valve ferves ~
to hinder the coming of urine into them: under and by this caruncle, on each fide — .
_ there are inconfpicuous holes, ¢ or pores, through which the feed patles rac Paap eae
thra, jut as quickfilver paffes through’ leather, which it does by A a!
being replete with a valt quantity of fubtil and ——— bie ” a

7 vA |
32.

86 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH! PHYSICIAN,

of the proftate:, and in the feminal bladders, the feat of a virulent gonorrhoea ies 5
and therefore, if they be broken, hurt, or dilated, either by a catheter putting into
the bladder, or by any other means, there follows immediately an incurable gonorrs
hea. The diftance between the root of the fcrotum and the podex is called périne-
uu. ..This, with the pubes and {crotum, ate furnifhed with hair, becaufe glandules
are placed here, which abound with plenty of humidity, a part of which they sien
the {kin for the generating thereof.
The penis, or yard, isan organical part, long, and roundifh, but birdadensie the up-
per. fide than where the urethra is, being the male inftrument of generation, and ap-
pointed for the evacuation of the feed. and urine. It is feated under the os pubis éx-
actly in the middle, becaufe it is only one in number. Its magnitude is extremely
various in different fubjects, being for the moft part greater than ordinary in ‘little
men alfo in fuch as have large nofes, for the proportion of the yard very much an-
fwers that of the nofe; in fuch.as have thick, full, large beards ; and in A‘thiopians,
orblackamoors. It confifts of afcarf-tkin, flefhy membrane, and a proper fubftance
of its own ; but is void of fat even in the fatteft men, left thereby its moft exquifite
fenfe fhould bedulled, Its proper fubftance is four-fold : firft, the urethra ; fecond«
ly, the glans; thirdly and fourthly, the two nervous bodies, one on each fide. The
urethra, or paflage of the urine and feed, is a pipe of a nervous fubftance, of the fame
_ bignefs from the neck of the bladder (to which itis joined) to the end of the yard, or
- beginning of the glans, for in the middle of the glans it has a greater: holiownefs.
Its fubftance alfo.is thick, loofe, and foft, like that of the, two lateral ligaments or
nervous bodies. This urethra has alfo.wo membranes, and afubftance proper toit- -
felf, The one membrane i is internal, thin, and of exquifite fenfe,, with which alfo the
glans i is covered ; this fprings from the thin. membrane which clothes the nervesof
the yard: the other is external, more thick and flefhy,. and furnifhed: with nerves:
the middle part, which is its proper fubftance, is loofe, fpungy, and black, thatit
may be diftended or contracted with the other parts, In the beginning of itschannel
re thefe pores through which the feed is ejaculated, as.alfoa little membrane or cat=
uncle like,a valve ftretched before it, to keep the feed. and urine from returning into
the fpermatic veflels: if it be broken or eroded by fharp humours, or the unikilfal
ufe of a catheter, there follows an incurablegonorrheea. Its ufe.is to bethe common
paflage of the urine and feed. Balanus, glans, the head or nut of the yard, is anhol-
lowed kernel, wider in the middle than at the external orifice: of a globular form, —
even, and compafled with a circle or crown. — Its fubftanceis fieth, more folid than
the reftofthe yard, ofa moft exquifite fenfe, andcovered wi ith anexceeding thin mem-

brane, foft andred, Isis covered with the reduplication ofthe exiesnalsin ofthe xa"
i 2 fe ae

“AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY)>

called preputinm, (a putanda, trom cutting off,) the forefkin » this is that which the
Jews cut off incircumcifing, This fkin is tied at the root of the glans, by a certain
ligament, called frenum, the bridle, arifing from a combination of the tendons of the
mufcles of the yard and a nerve, and terminating in the extréme hollowneds of the
nut. The two nervous’ bodies, or hollow ligaments, one on each fide, confticute
the remaining and greateft part of the yard; the whole fabftance whereof being like
a thick {pungy artery, ftuffed with flehh, Their external fabftance ix long, thick)
compact, hard, and nervous; their internal fubftance is fpungy, thin, hollow, of a
net-like texture, framed of innumerable twigs of veins and’ arteries, of a darle red
colour, inclining to black, and filled with a great abundance of black blood, very
full of fpirits, which, waxing hot, caufes a diftention'and erection of the yard. Thefe
two bodies (where they are thick and round) {pring from ‘the lower parts of the
fhare-bone, or hip-bones, to which they are ftrongly tied with two Tigaments: In
their beginnings they’ keep fome diftance, being feparate one from anorher, almof
hke a Y, that the urethra may pafs between them; but, whet they céafé to remain
perfectly feparate, viz. when they come to the joining at the fhare-bone, they’ lofe
near a third part of their nervous fubftance; yet they ftill remain diftin® by the
coming between of a fingle' membranous partition, called /eptum lucidum. This
membrane is white, thin, tranfparent, and full of nervous fibres; it arifes from the
upper part of the commiffure of the os pubis, and upholds the faid two lateral liga-
ments, and the urethra, as a ftay, the like of which is alfo found in women. The
yard has ali forts of veffels, as veins, 1. external, running up and down in the fin,
from the pudenda ; 2. internal ones, from the vena hypogaftrice, which are fpread
thraugly its whole body. °It has arteries, two internal remarkable ones, arifing from
_ the hypogattriea, which are inferted into the beginning of the growing together of |
thetwo nervous bodies, which are feattered up and down according to the length of —
the part: but in the middle, where the feptum lucidum is thinneft, they fend
branches through the fpaces of the fibres, the right artery, into the left nervous body,
and the left into the'right, carrying {pirits and blood to fill up, ereét, and nourifh,
themfelves: through ‘all’ parts of the yard, both internal and external afcending
through the middle of the forked divifion, they fpread themfelves ineo the mufeles,
the-whole body of the’yard, and the glans, that there might be an exquifice fenfe
and deleétation. It has alfo four mufcles, two ereCtors, and two ac clerators Of
ejaculators, ander which mufeles lie hid the two nervous bodies.
TD ye fiends WARY i in women are the fame with thofe in apo | ind a cove
their number, nature, original, and office, but they differ from th

88 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

the following things : firft, they differ in their longitude ; in women they are fhorter,
by reafon of the fhortnefs of the paffage, but they have more wreathings, windings,”
and turnings, where they make the corpus varicofum about the tefticle, that the feed”
may have a fufficient ftay for its due preparation: fecondly, in their infertion; in
women they pafs not whole to the teflicles, as in a man, but are divided in the mide’
way : whence the greater part goes to the tefticles to form the corpus varicofum; the
fmaller part to the womb, into whofe fides it is diffeminated, efpecially to the upper
- part of the bottom, to nourifh the womb, and the child therein; and that by thofe
vefiels fome part of the menftrual blood may be purged forth in fuch as are not with
child. This fmaller part is tripartite, being divided below the tefticle into three
branches, of which one runs out into the womb, as aforefaid : the fecond is diftribut-
ed to the vas deferens, or trumpet of the womb, and to the round ligament : the third
creeps along the fides of the womb, infinuating itfelf among the venz hypogattrica,”
with which and the arteries they are joined by anaftomofes: thirdly, the fpermatic
veins receive the hypogaftric arteries as they pafs by the fides of the wferus, that the
blood might be the better elaborated ; and they are ¢ intermixed with many won
anaftomofes for the preparation of feed.
The tefticles in women differ from thofe in men in thefe following things: 1. in
fituation, for thefe are placed within the hypoga(trium, about two inches above the
bottom of the matrix, in fuch women as are not with child, being tied by certain li-
gaments: 2. in magnitude, for thefe are lefs than the tefticles in men ; for by reafon
of their heat they are contracted after the woman is fourteen years of age ; whereas,
before that age, they are more large, being full of a white juice: 3. in their furface,
for thefe are more uneven than thofe of aman: 4. in their figure, for thefe are more
broad and flat on the fore and hinder parts; they are alfo more hollow, and fuller of
natic moifture: 5. in their fubftance, being fofter, and, if you take off the mem-
al ne ; you. will find them conglomerated or knobbed together of divers little kernels
. lad ers, five or fix, or more, which contain the thick feed : 6. in their membranes
; el _whereas mens have four tunicles, thefe have but one, pri wart are

in jo ee on, for they are knit to the fides of the uterus by two ani na
fages, viz. by the two upper ligaments, which are loofe and membranous, and out of
which, in the time of coition, the feed is caft : 8. in their appendices, thefe having no
paraftatze, nor any cremafters; but are ftayed by the broad lateral ligaments, called
the bat’s wings. Their ufe i is, the fame as i in man, to make, — and get

the feed. : it
‘The

AN.D BAMILY DISPENSATORY, 83.

The as deferentia, in women, {pring from the lower part of the tefticles, andare_
either i inferted with a very fhort paffage into the bottom of the womb, or diffemi-
nated at the trumpets of the womb, with fundry exceeding {mall {prigs, not much
unlike the vena lacte, arifing from the vafa preeparentia, and Continued with them, _
though here changing their name and ule. Their fubftance is firm, white, and.
nervous, , They pafs by the membranous ligaments to the matrix, not ftraighe, but
wreathed or twining, with a multitude of windings; that the fhortnels of the way
might be recompenfed by fuch a labyrinth. Near the tefticles they are broad, after-
wards they become narrower, and fmaller, and about the womb they become broad ”
again, and are inferted i into the cornua, and capacity of it, Their ulei is partly | tocarry
the feed to the trumpets of the womb, to be there farther perfected, and better ela-
borated, and to be kept for ufe: and partly vo carry it to the bottom of the womb,
where another branch runs into the neck, by which way alfo the feed is voided,
caufing (by. reafon of | the length of the way) the greater delectation, The tube
Sablopiane (fo called from their likenels to a trumpet of war) are two in number,
‘one on,.cach fide, cof _a-nervous, white, thick, and hard, fubftance; and of a figure
long, round, and hollow. “Thefe Spigelius calls yafa ceca, becaufe they have but
one orifice, They arife.from.the bottom.of the womb, at one end; and, when they
have, gone a little therefrom, they grow, broader. by little and little, crifping them-
felves like the tendrils of a-vine, till they come towards their ends, Then, »difmiffing

’ their. wrinkled crifpations,. and becoming very broad, they end in a certainextremity
which feems.membranous and flefhy by reafon of their red colour, and at laft become
very torn and jagged, having large holes. which lie always thut, thofe jagged ends

ever falling i in upon, them,. which notwithitanding, if they be opened and widened,
reprefent che broad end of a brazen trumpet. They pafs obliquely from the cornua
Pier uni ee being carried. by the. membranous ligament, and (as it
ti le es, but are diftant alata: bipaices half an

FREE RSBAM tae. aoe part. They ‘are commonly faftened by
thing ot Siccacioemau ne Da Aitcer-mice, through which
3 ‘many veins and arteries are diffeminated from the tefticles into their hollows niet
‘buwich che feeds conveyed £ from the tefticles into thefe tube or trumpets. Their Lage
“of the womb is large, whence fprings 2 netvous PiPS

. their middle is capacious, with certain ] ei
white feed 5 . after which they are wreathed ed and ci fped: thei
aa.

“of the. trumpet, that by it the feed may be * ae

go CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

end is narrower again, and blind-as aforefaid. Now, what the vefice feminales arein
| men to preferve the feed, furch are thefe blind paffages in women: for they. are annex-
ed to the tefticles by the aforefaid little membranes, through which many little veins

-pafs, and by which the concoéted feed is carried, and here laid up as ina ftore-houfe,

- where alfo, by the irradiation of the virtue of the tefticles, it is yet better digefted,
and madeimore perfect; from whence, in the time of coition, it is by the cornua. binice
into the cavity of the womb.

The uterus matrix, or womb, is an organical part, the receptacle both of re feed
and of the child: and it is fituate in the middle of the hypogaftrium, called pelvis, the
bafon, by the os /acrum and flank-bones, between the inteftinum rectum and the
‘bladder. Tks magnitude, even in virgins of big ftature, exceeds not the bignefs of a
‘walnut: but in women with child it dilates itfelf into fuch a capacity as to contain
‘thechild: nature made it at firft fmall, that it might embrace the yard, and cherihh

thefeed, becaufe it is but little in quantity. Its figure is faid to refemble a “pear:

but the neck thereof refembles an oblong and round pipe or channel. Its connec-
tion is either by the neck or the bottom: the neck is knit by its own fubftance, -and
by membranes ; ; but the bottom by peculiar ligaments. On the fore fide the

‘neck is joined to the vefica and the os pubis, by membranes from the peritoneum;.on

‘the hind fide, to the os facrum and inteftinum reétum ; but about the vulva it Grows to-

ether with the anus ; on the fides it is loofely joined by membranes to the peritoneum.

‘The fundus or bottom is not tied by its fubftance, but is free; but in its fides it is

faftened by two pair of ligaments, which keep the womb fufpended or hanging loofe.

‘The upper pair is broad and membranous, which are joined co the os ium, and end

in the bottom, near the cornua: they are foft and loofe, that they may diftend or con-

trat; and by Aretens they are likened to the wings of bats: if thefe ligaments or
mufcles be loofened or broken, by difficult labour or other violence, it may-caufe

‘the falling down of the womb. The two lower ligaments are red like mufcles, and

‘round like earth-worms, and pervious to the clitoris, from whence, (like a goofe

foot,) deftiture altogether of their hollownefs, they {pread themfelves upon the —

fore part of the thigh. Thee arife from the fides of the bottom. of the womb,
touching at their beginning the vajfa deferentia x ‘then, afcending to the groins, they
pefs through the produétions of the peritoneum and the tendons of the oblique de-
fcendant mufclés of the belly, and are partly obliterated i in the membranesof, he bone
near the clitoris, where they are joined, degenerating i into a broad nervous. thinnefs,

imolt like a goofe foot, as aforefaid, and partly run ‘through the inner part of the
thigh to,the knee: hence it is that women in their firft months going } with « ChE

Niet of a pain in the ne of their thighs, The fubstance of the womb i is
ite Alb ‘ I membranous,

eo .
28s aoe
BOke - 44 of

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY, we
mere ah eet rey
> impregnated are extended to widen the womb,
which after exclufion of the child, as alfo in age, are again contraéted.. The mem-
branes of the womb are two, one common, the other proper.. The common is
doubled, and grows to the fides on each hand: it arifes from the _peritonzum, and —
is exceeding thick, firm, ftrong, imooth every where except. where. the fpermatic
veffels enter or the ligaments go out. The proper and internal membrane is
alfo'double, between both which there are flefhy fibres, fuch as are found.in the fto-
mach, with alfo here and there a kind of fpungy fubftance. The womb. has. veins
and arteries accompanying one another, which are carried between the, tunicles or
coats thereof, and cait out their blood into its membranous pipes, but not into its
innermoft cavity : thefe veffels arife both from above. and beneath, viz. fromthe upper
and lower parts of the body ; for the blood ought to come from the whole. body,
that the whole may by the monthly termsbe purged, and that, in the time when a
woman is impregnated, the child might be nourifhed. .Thofe which defcend from
above run all the womb over, efpecially in the fundus or bottom, being derived from
the fpermatic veffels, or thofe by which the vafa preparentia are conftituted, as alfo
from the hemorrhoidal branch, whence is the great confent between the womb and
the fpleen: the left ends alfo of thé veins and arteries are joined with the right ends,
that the right fide may be fupplied with plenty of blood. Through the arteries (in
wonien not with child) the menftrual blood always flows: what is not thus eva-
cuated, returns back again to the heart by the veins, which are joined to the arte-
Ties by many anaftomofes. The veins and arteries that come from beneath, which
are larger than the former, {pring from the ramus hypog aftricus of the cava and aorta,
and, running through the neck of the womb and lower part of the bottom, are every
where joined with the fuperior ones by manifold anaftomofes. The mouths of thefe
veflels enter into the cavity of the fundus, which, i in the time of the flowing of the
terms, are opened, and gape, and, becaufe they refemble cups or faucers, are called
acetabula or totylidones : to thefe, when a woman is with child, the placenta is joined,
which receives the blood for nourifhment thereof. And, becaufe thefe: branches are
carried tothe neck of the womb, by them women which are with child fometiines
alfo void their courfes. It is furnifhed with many nerves from the par vagum, and

the nerves of the Os igetaha, which run to the os uteri and parts about the vulva fot ae

deleCtation fake, and to the | lower partof the fundus, asalfoto the upperpart| hereof fe.
where they are interwoven. like anet; hence arifes the great fympathy twe
womb and the brain. The ufe of t the womb i is to attract, receive, retain

order | to conception: and after ‘to contain: ‘ial
and cherifh, the feed, i ino fee

9 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

nourifh the foetus till the time of birth, The fhort neck of the womb, which is its
_- inner neck, is. that which contains the orifice, leading immediately into the cavity of
the womb this orifice is a hole not large, but fuch as may admit a probe or large.
quill, and like a mouth may be dilated or purfed in: this entrance is buta tranfyerfe.
“line, which when it is exaétly opened becometh round : this hole after ¢ conception is
fo clofely fhut, that it will not admit the point of a bodkin ; but at the time of deli- -
very, it opens itfelf wide according to the magnitude of the infant, be it ever fo
great, The cavity of this neck is rough, arifing from wrinkles, whofe edges tend
inwards, left the feed which has been caft in fhould flow out again, as is feenin fuch
barrea women as have the flipperinefs of the womb. The fundus, or bottom, is the -
moft capacious part of the womb, feated above the os pubis, that it may be there
diftended. The external furface of the womb j is fmooth and even, covered as it
were with a kind of humidity : its inner furface is full of porofities, which are
mouths through which, in time of a woman’s breeding, blood paffes out of the vel-
{els of the womb, to nourith the child. Within the orifice of the inner neck grows.
a caruncle, which exactly fhuts the hole; in which caruncle are to be feen pores
which feem to be at the end of the vafa deferentia, terminating at the neck. . This
neck of the womb is opened in fuperfoeration, i in an abortion, in an ejection of. a.
falfe conception, but efpecially after a wonderful manner at the time of child-birth,
when it is widened according to the magnitude of the child: at this (faith Galen) we
may wonder, but we cannot underftand it: therefore it is our duty to acknowledge
the wifdom and power of him that made us. The external or greater neck of the
womb, called /inus pudoris, is a long channel, hollow, (even while the child is in the
womb,) and fituate between the vulva and interna) orifice of the womb, being that
paflage which receives the penis in coition. Its figure is long, (nearly feven inches,)
hollow, (large enough to entertain the penis,) and wrinkled within: but its lengt h
nd ee: are hardly determinable; fome fay it is as wide as the inteftinum rectum,

nis bei g always i in coition clofely embraced by i it. Its fubstance is ‘shard and
nervous kind of fieth, and a little fpungy like the yard, wrinkled within (chiefly i in
Upper part) that it might be occafionally dilated, Laftly, towards the mid

or externa . : this te neck, in the fore and upper part, near the vulva, is

Which ig hort do dtraight, bust diacaBle cio wish eed with
a flefhy inne but within Bet and of the fame fubftance with the urethra i in

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY.
blood which flows in the firt act of coition.

93
That there is fuch a thing is not
to be doubted ; it was the legal fign of a virgin among the ancient Hebrews, as
Mofes has at large declared, Deut. 22. Secondly, it was a received and known thing
in all the eaftern countries, as Leo Africanus affirms ; and the greateft anatomifts
conclude, that in virgins who have ufed no violence to the part, nor have it fretted,
eaten, or broken, by any defluxion of fharp humours, it is never wanting. What
it is, we now come to enquire into: firft, fome fay, it is a tranfverfe membrane, and
they are indeed in the right: but they who would have holes in it, like a fieve, are
deceived. Secondly, others fay, it isa tranfverfe membrane, going acrofs the neck
of the womb, a little above the neck of the bladder, which refifts the firft entrance
of the penis. Thirdly, Sebizius faith, that if this membrane is abfent, we mult reft
in the ftraightnefs of the neck and other marks, which being widened in the firft
coition, pain and effufion of blood follow, by reafon of the folution of the continuity,
Fourthly, Severinus Pinzus (whofe opinion is the newelt of all) faith, that the four
myrtle-fhaped caruncles, tied together by a {mall membrane, placed in the outer
part of the neck of the womb, is the true hymen fo much fought after ; and without
doubt Pinzus is in theright: to this Baubinus agrees ; and Bartholinus faith, that
he could find no other in a young girl carefully diffected. It is fituate in the neck
of the womb, juft behind the infertion of the neck of the bladder, or a little more
inwards: but its fituation does now and then vary a little: there this membrane
‘oes acrofs the cavity, much like the diaphragma, or midriff. As to its figure,
it has an hole in its middle, big enough to receive a pea, by which the menitrual
blood paffes: if it be without any hole, fo that the courles cannot flow, mace
come difeafes, and (if it be not opened) at laft death. It is connected orbicularly
to the neck of the womb, as if it grew out of the fame, where it is thicker
than in the middle: its fubftance is partly membranous, partly flefhy, yet ee
very thick: it is interlaced with many little veins, which being “yan a as
firft coition, pain and bloodthed follow, even as they do in fome men, where t! :
freenum or bridle of the penis (being exceeding fhort and ftraight) z Nhs s ter
afunder. Its ufe is to defend the internal parts from injury ; as alfo Shee - si
¥ iy. ye ° iC
saga is the external privity, which is that which offers ittelf to fight bein ‘

diffection being located under the fore-region of the os pubis. The nik as salma
ee et | BREE ayrtle-fhaped caruncles, the orifice Bee

internal parts are the wrinkled chinks, the four my the wings, Ge

Bo itnric ° 3 external parts are the w
of the urinal paffage; and the clitoris: the more he wrinkled and inwanil
lips, the great chink, and the pubes, or hairy part. T mg re
is the immediate mouth of the larger ag the womb, lying Sea

3.

94 CULPEPER ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

fhaped caruntics: it. is of a,reafonable largenefs, and framed by nature to ftay the
feed caft into the neck from too quickly flipping out. The myrtle-fhaped catun-
cles, are placed fo as to. appear ina quadrangular form, one at each corner: one of ©
“them is placed before or above in the circumference of the hole of the urinary paffage
to fhut the fame, it being largeft and forked, that it might receive the end of the.
meacus urinarius, and hinder external things from entering: the fecond is oppofite
‘to the former, and is fituate below; the two remaining ones are placed collaterally:
their figure refembles a myrtle-berry: their magnitude is various in different fab-
jects ; their fubftance is framed of the reduplication of the flefhy neck of the womb,
‘being partly flefhy, partly membranous: they are conneéted with membranes or
_walves: their ufes are for titillation in the time of coition, and alfo immediately to
fhut the orifice of the neck, that air, duft, nor any other matter, may enter. ‘The
orifice of the urinal paffage, is a hole under the clitoris above the neck; through |
this women make water, and it feems to be fhut with a kind of flefhy valve. The
clitoris, called by fome zympba, by others, zentigo, by others the woman’s yard, be-
~ caufe it refembles a man’s yard in figure, fubftance, compofition, repletion with fpi-
rits, erection, and fituation. Its figure is fomewhat like the glans andpreputium —
of the penis; but it is commonly fmall, being feated in the middle of the os pubis'in —
the upper and former end of the foffa magna, where the alee or nymphz meet; butin
its beginning for the moft part it lies hid under the nymphae, and afterwards ftieks
out alittle. Its fubftance is like that of a man’s yard, confifting of two nervous bodies,
"hard and thick, but within full of a black fpungious matter, as in the lateral As oe
ments of the yard. The two lateral ligaments avife from: the internal knob of the —
‘ifchium: the thirds between thele, {pringing from the joining of the os pubis. “its
‘mujcles are the fame in. nature and number with thofe in a mam, Its extremityis
ae glans, which hath a fuperficial hollownefs, but not bored through ; ‘this is'¢o-
. vered with a yery thin fkin as a preputium, which fprings from the joining ‘of the
2 mphz,, I: has veins and arteries, common to itand the privity, and anerve
» Bs ome etal than its badly os feem_ to PeRpune; to coh it een

phe fethy, fees casos, dicta as alfo'to ee |
Ssight our that t might mogwetithe lips, Thedabiasor lips, are'two in mun ef, By

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY,>

which the internal parts are covered: they’are conftituted to the commion teyuments
of the body, and a great deal of fpungious fat: the “lower joinings’ of thelé lips is
in virgins fomewhat ftraight; and feem of a ligamentous fubftance for firmnels, but
in marriéd women it is loofe, and in fuch as have kad a child fill loofer. The Soffa
or rima magna, begins at the os pubis, and is not much above an inch diftant from
the anus, which being much larger than the inher chink; or cavity of the neck of
the womb, this is feen as foon as ever the lips are drawn afide: in this folfa the lips
being opened, two: holes appear, (but fcarcely vifible,) our of which’ a’ Whititt or.
wheyifh juice iffues. In this foffa, are alfo two collateral chinks, the right and left,
which are between the lipsand the wings. ‘The pubes, called alfo mmonticul’ conor. S,
in the part where the hair grows, and is properly termed the privity ; being longith
hillocks, foft, and of a fubftance the like whereof is ‘not to be’ found again in the
‘whole body, being partly fkin, partly fpungy fleth, placed upon a portion of hard far.
~The membranes infolding the child in the womb, are the firtt things which are
bred in the womb after:conception, to defend the more excellent part of the feed:
their efficient caufe is theformative faculty, joined with the heat of the wonib: thefe
ia human kind are in number only two, viz. the amnins and the chorion, co which latter
belongs the placenta or womb-cake.’ All thefe together make that which we call
fecundine, or after-birth. Teds {0 called, becaufe it is the Second habitation of the
child next the womb ; and alfo becaufe it comes away by a fecond birth, afterthe child
OF firlt birth. « Aamios (from its fofenets and thinnefs) is the firft membrane, it is the
thinnett of the tunicles; white, foft, tranfparent, and furnithed with fome few fmall
Veins and arteries, which are difperfed within its foldings. Tecompaffes the child ini.
mediately, and cleaves almoft every where to the chorion, efpecially at the ends ; and
4s united in the middle thereof, about the placenta, where the vafa umbilicalia come
_ forth, but it is eafily feparated from the chorion. Tecontains within it ‘plenty of
humidity and humours, in whieh the child does as it were fwim, that fo, 1. the child
Roating therein, may be the higher, and lefs burthenfome to the mother. 2. That
membranes being broke, and this humour running out at time of birth, makes the
child’s way, through theneck of the womb, fmooth, flippery, 3 andeafy. baton mo
“thus falling, is what midwives call the breaking Of thewater. Part of the “amnigs
does now and then hang about the Head of ‘the child, and then the infant is. fi

ae

be born with a caul: fometake this fora prefageof good, fome of evil, fore of fhort Bee.

orion is the fecond membr ‘andi compafies the child “Hike Sean sg ‘

96 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH. PHYSICIAN,

diately compaffes the former, and lies beneath it, whofe inner and hollow part it
invelopes, extending itfelf according to the magnitude thereof : it is with fome dif-
‘ ficulty feparated from the amnios, and ftrongly bears and unites the veffels to the
placenta. That fide next to the child is fiooth and flippery ; the other fide is fixed
immediately to the womb by the faid placenta, which is commonly on the upper and
fore fide: it does not encompafs the whole child, being conftituted of an innumera-
ble company of veins and arteries, between which, blood out of the veffels feem to be
fhed. The placenta uteri, or womb-cake, (becaufe of its fhape,) is a round mafs of
flefh, furnifhed with divers.veffels, through which the child receives its nutriment.
Its fubftance feems to be conftituted of an infinite number of little fibres, with con-
gealed blood interpofed. It has veins and arteries running through it from the um-
bilical veflels, which are at length loft about the edges of the placenta, making won-
derful contextures, and clofely knit to the fubftance thereof, being joined together
by various anaftomofes, through which the blood in the child runs back out of the
arteries into the veins. It is, firft, to be a fupport to the navel veffels under which
it lies : fecondly, to prepare blood to nourifh. the child, as the true liver does in
grown perfons. This blood it fucks out of the veins of the womb, and, preparing
it for ule, fends it through the greater umbilical vein tothe liver of the child, that
fo it may be carried to the heart, out of which it is fent by the arteries into the
whole body of the child for nourifhment. :
The umbilical or navel veffels, (fo called becaufe, the child being excluded, they
are all found to centre in its navel,) are in number four, viz. one vein, two arte
‘ries, and the urachus; all which are covered with one common membrane or coat,
which both inclofes all thofe veffels, and diftinguifhes them one from another, that
they might neither be entangled or broken. The navel vein, paffing through the
two coats of the peritonzeum, is inferted into the liver by a cleft, going through the
‘navel, fometimes fingle and fometimes double. It is about five feet anda half in 2
length, being meafured to the placenta : it is varioufly rolled or twifted about, that —
its leng might not prove troublefome: from the navel it goes over the breaft,
from whence it is obliquely carried over the right and left fides of the throat and
neck, turning itfelf back at the hinder part of the head, and fo over the middle of an
the forehead to the placenta: fometimes alfo it encompafies the neck like 4 oye
all which you are to underftand of the whole cord or navel-ftring, with the reft of |
the veffels contained therein. Its ufe is to convey the maternal blood from the pla: :
centa, through the navel, to the child, for its nourifhment. In this navel-ftring:
there are knots tranfparent in the veins, but not in the arteries, which are nothing
but amore thick and flefhy conftitution of the membrana carnofa in thofe ee
2

The

=——
=

eFunale.

Lig LAT.
Th

Blood Vefiels of the Lue:

-born child .

BAI

Ay

|
: Liver of
—

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. on

from the number of thefe knots midwives pretend to foretel how many children a
woman fhall have ; but thefe are vain divinations, for there is often more knots in
the navel of the laft child than of the firft. Itis about five feet and a half or fix”
feet long, and about the thicknefs of a man’s finger: when it is dry it becomes {mal-
ler, and is kept as a precious thing to haften the birth im other perfons, The child
being born, this navel-ftring muft be tied with a ftrong thread wound often about,
the diftance of two or three inches from the belly of the infant, and about three in-

ches from the binding it muft be cut off: afterwards the navel is to be carefully |
looked to till it is dry, and falls off of its own accord. Thefe veifels, after the child
is born, do, within the abdomen, degenerate into ligaments: the vein toa ligament
of the liver, and the arteries into lateral ligaments of the bladder, becaufe their ufe
is now abolifhed, there being no longer any paffage of the mother’s blood. The
urachus is alittle cord or ligament, by which the bladder is fuftained and faftened to
to the peritoneum, that, being diftended with urine, its neck might not be compref-
fed, which thing alfo is done by the arteries. Hence it appears, that the urine of
a child in the womb is certainly voided by its yard into the membrane amnios,
(whence it is that it is fo full of water,) a great part of it yet remaining in the blad-
der, which is the caufe that always new-born children are for the firft days continu-
ally making water. If the urine were-not in part thus voided, the bladder would
not only be over-f{tretched, but broken. | a ria
To illuftrate what has been faid, the annexed plate exhibits the kidneys, bladder,
and organs of generation, of the human fpecies, both male and female, Fig. 1.
reprefents the male, A. A. are the kidneys; B. B. the glandule fuccenturiate ;
C. C. the emulgent veffels, together with thofe diftributed over the membranes of
the kidneys; D. D. the hypogaftric veffels, which, branching of from the iliacs,
are diftributed in the urinary bladder and penis; E. E. the courfe of the ureters;
F. F. the courfe of the fpermatic veffels, in which’ feveral appear cut off, being
- thofe diftributed in the peritoneum; G. the urinary bladder; H. H.
- rentia; I. I. the tefticles; K. the urachus cut of as =
Sai Ve Miche -etetagh taictess Mee 4 ee so ae
> Fig. 2, reprefents the female; in which A. B. denotes the capfule atribiliaria;

~_ €.C. the kidneys; D. D. right emulgent veins: E. E. right emulgent arteries 5 :
FF vena cava, divided into the iliac branches 5 G. left emulgent veins 1. Jef
_emulgent arteries; I. I. right fpermatic veins K. right fpermaté Snsty 5 Ailes:
= fpermatic artery; M. left fpermatic vein 5 N. N. aorta, divided into tts iliac

ches: O. O. womens tefticles; P. P. a part of the broad ligament, or bat’s wing:

ie re Oe st g bottom of the womb, fhews
~~ -* 0.0. the ypets of the womb on both fides; R.R. ret aes

3 CULPEPER‘s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

ing the placenta formed, and the embryo perfected ; S. S. round ligaments of the
womb cut off atthe thare,; T. T. neck of the womb; V. V. vena hypogaftrice;
Y¥. Y. the paffage of the womb; Z. the clitoris and preputium; a.a. a portion of
the ureters cut off; b. b.a portion of the ureters defcending cut off; c. c. vafa pre-
parentia dilated; d.d. vafa deferentia; e.¢. thenymphz; f. the meatus urinarius;
~g. @.g. the vaginalaid open, with its plice: h. h. the uterus, as ftretched in i
third month of pregnancy, with the placenta adhering to the fundus. ©

OF THE THORAX.

‘THE thorax, chet, or breaft, is that which is called the middle ventricle, being
circumfcribed above by the clavicule ; beneath by the diaphragma; on the fore fide
by the fternum; on the hinder part by the back bones; and on-each fide by the

‘cofte or ribs. Its fituation is between the upper ventricle or head, and the abdomen,

- _ being the feat of the vital {pirits, and confifting of the parts appointed for cherifh-

ing-the natural heat. Its figure is almoft oval, fomewhat flat before and behind,
whereas i in beafts it is fomewhat fharp, fo that mankind only lies on the back. Its
- fubftance is partly boney, partly flefhy ; boney, becaufe it contains not any parts much
to be diftended; flefhy, becaufe it contains parts which ought to be moved, as the
heart and lungs.
The breafts, or dugs, are common to both tee in men they are framed of the |
cutis, the membrana. carnofa, fat, and the nipple, and are called mammille. The
dugs in women have befides many remarkable veffels, clandules, and pipes, tomake
and contain milk. The nipple or teat, called papilla, is fpungy, like the glans of a
man’s yard, and perforated’through the middle with many {mall holes for the milk
_ topafsthrough. It is rougher than the other parts, that the infant may the more
firmly hold it, and of an exquifite fenfe, that the nurfe fhould find pleafure when fhe
gives fuck: round about it there is a circle, called arcola; in virgins it is pale and
knotty; in nurfes, brown; andin old women, black. The veins are two-fold, viz.
ern: land internal: the external arife from the axillary, and are placed under the
1 which moves the dugs, and are called thoracice fuperiores, the upper breatt-
7 , in women with child and fuch as give fuck, are often feen very —
blue. : The internal arife or defcend from the trunk of the axillary vein, or ramus
fubclavius ; and are called mammaria vene, or dug-veins : thefe are met by other al-
cendant veins from the womb, and therefore, the child being born, the blood is
carried no longer to the womb, but to the breafts; and hence it is thar women
which give fuck feldom have their courfes. How milk is generated and made, the
opinions of men are various: fome think it to be made of the venal peeps
are abfolutely deceived: fome think it to be made only of arterial blood, and
a

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 99

érr alfo fromthe truth: others fay, it is made of blood and chyle: but our opinion
is, that it proceeds. from, and is generated of, the chylous juice, and aferous part of
the arterial blood: for that thé ferofity of the arterial blood (and not the fubftance
of the blood itfelf) does help to generate and conftitute the milk, we are induced to
believe, not only from the foregoing reafon, but becaufe no anaftomofes of the arte-
ries with the lacteal pipes of the dugs could ever yet be found out :.anditruly this
opinion Bartholine feems to favour, where he faith, that all the blood which is pour
ed out of the arteries into the breafts, is not turned into milk, but only themore fe-
rous or wheyifh part thereof; the reft (that which ferves for nourifhment —
running back again, by the veins into the heart.

The membrane, called pleura, or inner covering of the ribs, is a meh die
thin, hard, and refembling the peritonzum, but thicker and ftronger. Itarifesfrom
the tunicles which cover the intercoftal nerves proceeding from the back-bone, by
means of which it is continued with the coats of the brain: and therefore it. is
thicker in the back, to whofe vertebra it cleaves as it were infeparably. It is every
where double, that the veffels may be carried within the foldings thereof: the in-
ner part, looking towards the lungs and inwards, is thickeft, fmoothett, and as it
were bedewed with a waterifh humour, that it fhould not hurt the lungs by any
roughnefs ; the outer part is thinner and rougher, that it might cleave the more
firmly to the ribs : between thefe the matter of the pleurify is many times collected,
and not only between the pleura and muicles. As to its figure, itis arched without,
hollow within ; above it is narrower, below broader, principally towards the fides.

From it arife fome nervous fibres, bywhich the lungs are tied to it; if thefe be too
ftraight, the motion of the lungs is hindered, which caufes an incurable difficulty of
breathing, Its ufes are tocover the whole cavity of the thorax, and render it {mooth,
that the lungs might not be hurt; and to wrap in all the vital parts, and to defend
them from all external injuries. The mediaftinum is a membrane ftanding in the mid-
dle of the breatt, dividing the right fide from theleft. _ It arifes from the pleura, be-
ing adouble membrane. Its fubftance is membranous, yet fofter than the pleura;
its exterior part is rougher, becaufe of the fibres, by, which ats knits che Plearis
but its inner fide, towards the lungs, is fmooth ; and about the veflels ic ‘ae
ly full of fatlikethe caul. The ules of the mediaftinum are, waelecne te
thorax into two parts, that, the: ‘breaft and lungs being hurt or epee bias
the other might be fafe : fecondly, to hold up the pericardium firmly, ie; the z
heart is contained, that it fhould not reft upon the back-bone, ep pik
‘back y or, that it fhould fall’ uponthe breaft-bone, when we bend ourtelves iowa ®
the ground ; ; nor touch the ribs, when we lie upon our fides eee id = mn id
‘paffage to the'veffels which run through it; as alfo to futtain ee
“fhould, by the weight of the bowels, be drawn too muc

h donne

10 ©6©6l«CC ULLPE PER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

The pericardium, or cytis of the heart, is. a membrane encompaffing the whole
heart, whofe pyramidal figure it hath. It is fo far diftant from the heart as is fufi-
cient to give way for the motion of the fame, and to contain the waterifh humour.
It has two membranes, one exterior from the mediaftinum, tied before and behind to”
the pleura, and is fibrous ; and one interior, from the external tunicles of the veffels
of the heart; for within the pericardium, the veflels want their common tunicle, it
having been fpent upon the pericardium. Theoriginal therefore of the pericardium,
is at the bafis from the tunicles which compafs the veffels of the heart, which pro. .
ceed from the pleura. It is conneéted circularly to the mediaftinum, and the neigh.
bouring parts, with many fibres; but efpecially to the nervous circle of the dia.
phragma, to which it cleaves fo exceeding faft, that it cannot be feparated from it
without rending ; whereby the motion of the heart is directed. Within this pericar-
dium (befides the heart) is contained a ferous or watery humour, tranfparently clear,
and in fome like water wherein flefh has been wafhed: in tafte it is neither fharp,
falt, nor acid. It proceeds out of the veffels of the heart, ~ being a watery part of
the blood, as lympha, and other juices, which go to their proper receptacles. The
ule. of this juice is to cool and moiften the heart, and to make it flippery, thereby to
facilitate its motion: alfo, that the heart, by {wimming therein, may be lefs ponde-
rous, and not {trike againft any part. Thofe who. have this humour confumed have
their’hearts dry; if it be in too great a quantity, it caufes a palpitation of the heart,
and fuffocation, and death follows therefrom; if it be quite confumed, a confump-
tion of the body happens. ms
The heart is a mufcular body, included in the pencantiace and fituated neatly i in
the middle of the breaft, between the lobes of the lungs ; being the primary organ of
the circulation of the blood, and confequently of life. Its figure is nearly conic,
~ the larger end being called its bafe, and the {maller end its apex. Its lower part is
plane, and the upper part convex. Its fituation is nearly tranfverfe, or horizontal 5
fo thatits bafe is in the right, and its apex, with the greateft part of its bulk, is in
the left, fide of the thorax ; and confequently it is there that the pulfation is felt. |

| plane furface of the heart lies on the diaphragm ; the convex one is turned up-
mis Th heart is connetted, 1{t; by the intervention of the pericardium: with the
iaftindm, and witha large part of the middle of the diaphragm ; this is contrived

by nature, to prevent i its being difplaced, inverted, or turned too “rudely about,
a confequence of the various motions of the body. 2. Its bafe is connected to its
common vefiels: but its apex is free, and is received ina kind of cavity in the left
lobe of the lungs. The length of the human heart is about fix fingers breadth 5
its breadth at the bafe is about. five Seems and its circumference about shire oe

on

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. rer

It is, both externally and internally, furrounded ‘with a {mooth membrane. "There
§s-a quantity of fat about it, which covers its bafe and its apex, and ferves for lu-
bricating it,’and for facilitating its motion. Its blood-veffels are of two kinds,
common and proper; its common or peculiar veffels being the coronary arteries
and ‘veins. The common veffels of the heart are two veins, called the vena cord,
and the vena pullmonalis ; and two arteries, the pulmonary one and aorta. "The nerves
of the heart are fmall, and arife from the par vagum and intercoftals : the turicles art
two: There are alfo two cavities in‘the heart, called its ventricles : of thefe the
right'is thinner and weaker in its circumference, but ufually much more eapat
than: the left: it receives the blood from the vena cava and the right auricle, and
delivers it into the pulmonary artery, to be carried to the lungs. The left ventricle
is much ftronger aiid thicker in its fides ; but it is narrower and fimaller than’ the
Tight = it receives the blood froin the pulmonary vein, and the left auricle, and ¢ ex.
trades it’very forcibly into the aorta.’ The right ventricle is in the anterior part of
the thorax ; fo that they might be called the anterior and pofterior ventricles, much
more properly than the right and lefr. There are in the fides of both the ventricles
“of the heart, and of both its auricles, feveral columne tarnte, or dacertali, with for-
xows between them, {eming fo many fmall and diftiné& mufcles ; and, from the
concourfe of the tendinous fibres of thefe’in the heart, there are formed peculiar
membranes fituated at the orifices of the auricles of the heart: and there are alfo
‘other columns of this kind, which run tranfverfély from one fide of the ventricles
tothe other: thefe ferve partly to affift the contraétion of the heart in its ‘fyftole,
land partly to prevent its too" great dilatation in its diaftole. The valvule of the
heart are of three kinds, | 1.’ The ticw)pidales, thefe are three in humber, and are
fituated at the ingrefs of the vena cava gn the right ventricle. 2. The mitrales ;
thefe are two, and are fituated in the left ventricle at the ingrefs of the pulmonary
vein: thefe ferve to hinder the ingrefS of the blood from the heart into the veins
again, while they are conftridted. 3. The femilunar ones, thefe ‘are three, and are
ficuated:at theorgan of the aofa and pulmonary artery, and ferve to prevent the
seflux of the blood from them into the heart: thefe, for the fake of ftrength, ‘are
fornithed with a number of flefhy fibres and fpheroidal corpufcles. ‘The orifices of
‘theveins of Thebefius and Verheyen, in the hollows of the heart, are for carrying bac
‘the blood from the fubttance of the heart to its cavities. The fibres of the he rf
“are of a‘mufcular fubftance, and of a moft amazing fabric. Ri gkoe., Wor ria .
no ftraight ones i inthe left ventricle; and, 2. fpiral ones, common to both s Se tr
“and of two orders. “Phe ‘exterior ones run to the left, from the bafe of the
othe ‘interior ones run to the right, and interfect the others ; and, whe

they-clofely eanftringe the cavities of the heart, and rive out the slood.
afi: B3.° Dée

you CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

According to this fabric, the heart may be refolved into two mufcles, each of which rr

conftitutes one of its ventricles. The ufe-of the heart is for the circulation of the
blood : it receives the blood from the veins,.running from: all. parts. of the body ;
and propels it again, by its own motion, to all thofe parts, through the arteries. On
this depend life itfelf, the prefervation of the frame, and the motions and a¢tions of
allits parts. But, that the reader may have as diftinct an idea as poffible of this pri .
mary organ of life, we fhall lay before him feveral views of it in the plate annexed F
where No. 1. reprefents the human heart feen in its convex part, and in its natural
fituation; B marks the branches of the coronary vein ; C, the coronary artery ee
D, the right auricle; E, branches‘of veins going from the right auricle; G, the
trunk of the aorta; H, the trunk of the pulmonary artery ; 1, the afcending trunk

of the vena cava; L, L, 8c. branches of the aorta, rifing upwards; M, one of the - id

branches of the pulmonary artery; N, N, &c. branches of the pulmonary vein,

No. 2. reprefents the heart opened, to fhew the ftructure and form of its ventricles ;
where A exprefies the mufcular feptum, or partition, which divides the ventricles ;

B, the right ventricle opening into the right auricle, and into the trunk of the pul-

monary artery; C, the left ventricle, opening into the left auricle, and intothegreat —
trunk of the aorta; No. 3. and No. 4. reprefent the heart in different pofitions;
where A marks the afcending trunk of the vena cava; B, the trunk of the aorta;
S. branches of the pulmonary vein; D, the deicending trunk of the vena cavas
and E, part of the right auricle, cut away, to fhew the different arrangement of the
internal fibres and venous ducts.

The lungs, or lights, are the inftruments of breathing, and are the largeft ieee
_- of the thorax: they are fituated in the two fides of it, with the heart, as it were, be-
‘tween them: and are connected, by means of the mediaftinum, with the ‘fternum and
vertebra: ; with the heart, by means of the pulmonary veffels, and immediately
with the afpera arteria.. The colour of the lungs, in infants, is a fine florid red; in
adults, it is darker; and in old people, livid, or variegated, with black and hip.
—— inflated, they have fome refemblance to the hoof of an Ox ; and 4 are conve

ight and left; the left, tae is te {maller, is divide agaia. into 6 CWO} a
his larger, into three fmall ones, The membrane ¥ Ww a al |
nded is continuous with the pleura. : % che lungs is
efic y and they feem, indeed, entirely c compofed of a numbe Pot
jee) fiefhy texture, and of a variety of veffels. The iis of the
lungs are the broncbia, the bronchial artery and vein, the nerves, and the lymphatics.
The ufes of the lungs are, 3. To perform the office of refpiration, by which the

blood is attenuated in the plexus of the arteries called the rete vajculafum, 2. Fo be

ne

“

The Human Heart

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY, 103

affiftant to the voice in fpeaking, and to the fenfe of {melling. . They. are alfo
emunctories of the blood, and are of many other important fervices, The principal
difeafes to which the lungs are fubjeét, are the Afthma, Confumption, Peripneus
mony, &c. '

Or tHe GENERATION anp CIRCULATION or tur BLOOD.

. THE origin of the blood is in the chyle, which, paffing the lacteals, is delivered.

into the fubclavian; where, mixing with the blood, they proceed together to the

right ventricle of the heart; and there, being yet more intimately mixed,’ they cir-
culate together through the whole body: till, after feveral circulations, and fecre-_
tions at the feveral ftrainers of the body, they are affimilated, fo as to make one uni- -
form compound mafs, which appears to be nothing elfe but chyle altered by the
artifice of nature, and exalted into blood; there being no appearance of any thing
extraneous mixed with the liquor circulating in the blood-veffels, but chyle; ex-
cepting what had been before feparated from it, for fome particular purpofes, which
being once ferved, it is returned to it again: unlefs, perhaps, it may receive fome
- portion of air in the lungs. — 13 23
. The blood, while in its veffels, appears to the naked eye uniform and homoge:
neous; but, when let out and cold, it feparates fpontaneoully into two different parts;
the one red and fibrous, which coheres into a mafs, and is called the crwor; the other
thin and tranfparent, which retains fluidity when cold, and, being fuppofed {pe-
cifically heavier than the other, fuftains and bears it up, and is called the ferum, If
the red part of the blood bears too great a proportion to the ferum, which is the cafe
of athletic perfons, and others who do not take a fufficient quantity of drink with
their meat, the fault may be corrected by leffening the meat, or by increafing their
rink. In the beginning of fevers, the proportion of the red part of the blood to the
ferum is greater, and at the end of them lefs, thanit isin health, The change of this
proportion is owing to perfons under this diforder living wholly on drink and liquid
nourifhment ; and bodies loaded with ferous moifture, being an argument of too
{mall a proportion of the red part of the blood to the ferum, have been freed from
their load by abftaining wholly from drink. There are other caufes befides the bare
quantities of meat and drink, which vary the proportion of the red part of the blood
to the ferum; for this proportion is greater in country-people than in citizens, in
‘perfons who ufe exercife than in perfons who are inactive, and in perfons who live
upon flefh meats and fermented liquors than in perfons who live upon vearabie
‘and water. In fhort, this proportion is increafed by things which dry the body and
ftrengthen the fibres and leffened by things of a contrary nature. Too great a pro-

portion of the red part of the blood to the ferum renders bodies fubjett to is fam-

104 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH: PHYSICIAN,

matory fevers on taking cold: ‘The blood is found to confift chiefly of phlegm, as
the bafis or vehicle; for, from the beft experiments it appears, that in feven ourices

of human blood, there are five ounces two drachms of phlegm, three drachms ofa
- fabtile fpirituous oil, a fmall quantity of a thicker oil, two drachms of falt, and about.
~ two of earth. From thefe conftituent parts of the blood, varioufly combined and
diftributed by the circulatory motion impreffed by the heart, and by the ofcillatory
_ expanfive motion of the interfperfed air, and the re-aGtion of the contraGtile veffels,
flow all the properties and operations of the blood. From this mixture of elements,
and their lax compofition, it becomes fufceptible of various alterations and impref-
' fions; the principal'whereof are, coagulation, which ufually attends it out of the
body, fometimes in it, and fcarce ever without an artificial procurement, but always
mortal: and diffolution, which is juft oppofite to the former, and confifts in fuch a
communition of the fibrous parts of the blood as indifpofes it for a feparation ‘of the
cruor from the ferum. This is frequently the confequence of malignant and Spi
lential fevers, 8¢c. and is likewife occafioned by fome kinds of poifons.

. The circulation of the vital blood is performed through the arteries: andits ani
is from the heart towards the extremes of the body: and’this from every part of

. the-body, internal and external; ftill out of a wider part into’a narrower, out of the -

trunk into the branches. And it is on this principle alone, that all the blood
may be detived into an artery, and evacuated at it. For it is evident, that all the
arteries of the body are continually bringing the blood from the left part of the
heart, ‘through the trunks of the arteries, into the branches; and on the: contrary,
that all the veins, éxcepting the porta, are perpetually bringing back the blood from
the extreme parts into the heart. The blood béing arrived here, its motion or cit:
culation is continued ‘as follows. The auricles of the heart, being large hollow mul
cles, are furnifhed with a double feries of ftrong fibres proceeding with a contrary
. dire&tion to two oppofite tendons, the one adhering to the'right ventricle, the other
to'the finus venofus: as alfo with innumerable veins and arteries; by the contractile
ree Fthefe auricles, the blood is vigoroufly expreffed, ‘and driven into the right
tr cle; which, upon this contra@tion, is rendered flaccid, empty, and di t
to adm tit. Tf now the right ventricle, thus ‘full of blood, by the contraétion of
bres prefs the blood towards the aperture again, venous blood, at the fame time
‘otitog in, will drive it back again into the cavity and mix it more intimate 5
‘rifing up againft the parietes, i it raifes the valvulz tricufpides, which are fo come ;
ed to. the flefhy columns extended on the oppofite fide, as that when laid quite io'
“they cannot clofe the parietes of the right ventricle : thefe it thrufts towards the right
‘auricle, till being there tif ftop the paffage very Clofely, and prevent an
veturn, “By the fame means nar’
ans: a

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY.

es tne ur cose aero tae ae
siiciy alonds< hte teaeemes nas ) 4 artery, and scaves a paffage into the
continually moves out of the final a brill ; ‘“e oe ar nes aes body,
ricle and right ventricle, into the pulmona os Setar aile “whan zn A ghee
4g | ry artery, in a continued and forcible
fiream. The blood carried by this artery into the lungs, and diftributed by its
branches through the whole fubftance thereof, is firft admitted into the extremities
of the pulmonary vein, called arteria venofa; whence, paffing into four large veffels
which unite together, it is brought to the left /inus venofus, or trunk of the pulmbiary
_ vein; by the force of whofe mufculous ftructure it is driven into the left ventricle,
which on this occafion is relaxed, and by that means prepared to receive it. Hence,
as before, it is driven into the left ventricle, which is relaxed by the fame means ;
_and the valvule mitrales opening, admit it into the left ventricle, and hinder its re
flux into the pulmonary vein. From hence it is forced into the aerta; at whole
orifice there are three femilunar valves, which alfo prevent a reflux by clofing the
fame. And thus is circulation effected ; all the blood fent into the lungs, and re-
ceived in the arteria venofa, finus venofus, left auricle and ventricle, being here con-
tinually propelled into the aorta, whofe ramifications are fpread throughout all the
reft of the body, with a violent motion. Thus is all the blood, in its return from
every part of the body, internal and external, and from every part of the heart and
its auricles, impelled into the right ventricle; out of that into the lungs; thence
into the left ventricle, and thence through the whole extent of the body; and thence
again brought back to the heart.
In a fetus, the apparatus for the circulation is fomewhat different from that
above defcribed. The /eptum which feparates the two auricles of the heart, is
pierced through with an aperture, called the foramen ovale; and the trunk of the
~ pulmonary artery, a little after it has left the heart, fends out a tube in thedefcending
aorta, called the communicating canal. The blood in the lungs of the fetus has
~ none of the advantages of air or refpiration; which yet being neceffary, nature, it
is fuppofed, takes care that it receives a portion of air, mixed together with its mo-
ther’s blood, and tranfmitted to it by the umbilical vefféls, to be diffufed through
the body. This is confirmed hence; that, by conftringing the navel-ftring very
tight, the child dies like a man ftrangled, which appears to be owing to nothing
but the want of air. Add to this, that, as foon as the mother ceafes to refpire, the — i
Setus expires. | | “fa . ee
As to the velocity of the circulating blood, and the time wherein the ¢
is completed, feveral computations have been made. By Dr. Keill’s acco
blood is driven out of the heart into the aorta, with a velocity which would casry
33. BeOS o Ee oe ee ee

105

16 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

fifty-two feet in a minute; but this velocity is continually abated in the progrels of
the blood through the numerous fections, or branches, of the arteries; fothat before.
it arrives at the extremities of the body, its motion is infinitely diminithed. The
{pace of time wherein the whole mafs of blood may ordinarily circulate, is variouflyy
determined. Some of the lateft writers fate ic thus: fuppofing the heart to make
200 pulfes in an hour, and that at every pulfe there is expelled an ounce of blood ;.
as the whole mafs is not ordinarily computed to exceed 24 pounds, it muft be cite
culated feven or eight times over inthe fpace of an hour. The impetus, occafioning’
the circulation, is great enough in fome animals to raife the: blood fix, feven, or
eight, feet high from the orifice it {pins out at; which, however, is far exceeded by -
that of the fap of a vine in bleeding-time, which will fometimes rife upwards of
forty feet high. The heat.and motion of the blood are always greater, from.a greater
_ activity. in the foul, in the day than in the night; and they are likewife ever greater
~ from the food taken in the day-time, for the pulfe is. always quicker after eating
than before it; after a full meal than after a fpare one; and after a meal of drier
and ftronger ee than after a meal of food that is moifter and weaker: —

Or THE | dee 8 Sos Se ee ee 8

THE pufe is that reciprocal motion of the heart and arteries, whereby-the warm
blood, thrown out of the left ventricle of the-heart, is fo impelled into the arteries,
and {o,diftributed throughout the whole body, as to be perceived by the finger. © Tr
is certain, that life, health; and: the due order of the whole body, depend upon a
proper and equabie circulation of the blood and humours through the folid parts; .
fo that, the better regulated and the more equable the circulation is, the more per- ©
fectly nature: preferves herfelf, and cures the difeafes incident to her; and, on the
contrary, the more this ‘circulation recedes from a due and equable ftate, the weaker _

nature is found to be, and the more fubjeét to misfortunes and difeafés. "Now every
| one muft own, that the circulation of the blood’cannot be better inveftigated than

feeling the pulfe, not in a fuperficial manner, but for a fafficient time: for the
pulfe not only difcovers the imperfections and ftrength of the whole body, but alfo
€ nature of the blood, and’ ftate of the various fecretions. And, as a pendulum of
clock, by its-equable and regular vibrations, manifefts the worth of the clock, fo
vulfe difeover the habit of the patient, and the vigour or deprivation ¢ of all

A ie area and equal, pulfe, is the rule and meafure by which we are to
judge of the reft. A’ moderate pulfe, is that which is large, but neither quick not
flow, hard nor equals this is the pulfé with which all others ought to be cottt-
pared; and: which denotes the beftftare of health, the abfence of all presenatits

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 107

and foreign things; and a due and temperate degree of heat : for, when fuch apulfe .
_ is prefent, the fluids are duly fpirituous, the fibres poffeffed of their natural tone
the blood temperate and fluid, and confequently the tran{piration free, the duttition
good, the animal funétions vigorous, the fecretions duly carried on, and the patient
in a ftate of good health. But, when the pulfe is quicker, and confequently more
frequent than ufual, it indicates a preternatural irritation of the heart, as the ancients
exprefs it, unlefs it proceeds from external caufes. But, if fucha pulfe continues
long, it infallibly denotes a diforder accompanied with an increafe, and even a fever.
It is generally produced by an inteftine motion of the blood, and a change induced
on the crafis of the fpirits, by an admixture of heterogeneous and often cauftic par-
ticles. When the pulfe is vehement, and at the fame time quick, it indicates a fe-
verifh intemperature, an admixture of fomething heterogeneous with the blood,
lymph, and fpirits ; but at the fame time a.large quantity of health and fpirits,» If a
vehement and quick pulfe is alfo large, the circulationof the blood is:brifk, the heat:
‘and thiclt great, and the whole habit red and turgid. Where the pulfeis fmall, and
little blood is conveyed from the heart to the arteries, and from the veins to the heart,
the-circulation of the blood is faint and languid. Hence the tran{piration and fecre-
tions are but fall, andthe ftrength little: but, ifa {mall pulfe is at the fame time weak,
frequent, and quick, it denotes a great languor of the ftrength, a preternatural in-
teftine motion, and a weak circulation of the blood; and, if this fpecies of pulfe:
continues lang, it indicates malignity and great danger. i

A flow: pulfe generally denotes’a vifcidity, thicknefs, and weak circulation, of the:
blood, together with a languor of the'fecretions; but, if it is at the fame time weal,
itis dangerous, and raifes.a fufpicion of a total lofs.of ftrength. But) a pulfe which
is flow andlarge denotes fufficient remains of ftrength, tenfion, and thicknefs of the:
fibres of the heart and arteries , and a vifcid and tenacious blood. All unequal.
pulfes. are very bad, fince they denote that there is neither adue influx of the
fpirits, nor a proper and equal mixture of the blood ;. but particularly fuch pulies.
always prognofticate unlucky events,. when they are weak, . Intermittent pulfes om
alfo of a bad kind, or generally accounted the prefages of death, Butit is not uni~
verfally fo ;. for an intermittent pulfe. frequently happens without danger, where)
for inftance, the fymptomsare of a bad kind, and the patient’s ftrength {till entire,
Hence this fpecies of pulfe frequently happens in hypochondriac and melancholic,
patients; where the inteftine motion of the blood 2s diminifhed by. its: thickaeth. |
But, when the pulfe is-weak, and quick at the fame time, it generally prognofticates,
death. Anltard pulfe generally indicates pains, fpalms, and convulfions, Becauls:

-—the‘bres ofthe heart. and. arteries ae fpatmodically consited,. The teat

eceteyy

108 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

_ Capfizating, and difconti inued, pulfes, denote a very bad ftate of the body, both
refpect to the fluid and folid parts,

It is carefully to be obferved, that one kind of pulfe is not found in all pests
for the pulfe depends on the tone of the mofcular fibres, on the influx of the fpirits,,
and the nature and temperament of the blood; and, as all thefe are furprifingly ya
rious in human bodies, with refpect to age, fex, the feafon of the year, the climate,
the method of life, the fleep, and the paffions of the mind, fo .alfo the pulfes vary.
from-each other according as thefe circumftances differ. Thus men generally have
a large and vehement pulfe, and'women one of amore flow and weak kind; for the
former have ftronger fibres and a-hotter blood than the latter. For this reafon alfo,
the circulation of the blood is brifker in men than in women; and the former do
not generate fuch loads of redundant blood and humours as women, who. are gene-
rally weaker, and more fubjeé&t to difeafes, Choleric perfons, and thofe of fangui-

neo-choleric conftitutions, have a larger, quicker, and more vehement, pulfe, than
phlegmatic and melancholic perfons; for which reafon the fluids move more quick- :
ly, theexcretions are made more expeditioufly, and the blood is more. fluid, ia the
former than in the latter; for the blood of the former is impregnated with a larger
quantity of oleous and fulphureous parts, which are the fource and matrix of heat —
and {pirituous quantity. Thus alfo, thofe of a flender habit, who have ftrong fibres, ;
and large veffels, have a larger and ftronger pulfe than thofe who are fat, have lax
fibres, and narrow veffels. Hence they are alfo founder, more robuft, and more
capable of enduring fatigue. This is alfo the reafon why thofe who are naturally
thick and fat are more readily feized with ficknefs, and deftroyed by it, than thofe
of flender habits. In infants and children, the pulfe is frequent and foft; whereas,
_ in old perfons, it is flow and large, whilft in young perfons, and thofe full grown,
it is large and vehement; for generally infants and children generate a date
. tity of humours (which are neceflary to their growth), and collect a great deal of for-
_ des, which is the reafon why infants and children are more generally feized with fick
nefs, and more readily die of it, than youths and adults, Old perfons have thick blood,
ut rigid fibres; for which reafon their pulfe is hard, and makes a forcible impref-_
fion on the touch 5 but in infants and children the pulfe is foft, on account of the.
and laxity of the fibres. The pulfe is alfo changed by the feafon of the.
e exercife of the body, the aliments, and the affections of the mind. In the
middle of the fpring, the pulfe is large and vehement ; at this feafonalfo the ftrength. |
is greateft, ‘for which r reafo perfons are at that time moft rarely fick, and recover. |
moft eafily : in the middie of the fummer the pulfe is quicker and weaker, becaule
by the intenfe heat the ftrength i is impaired, whilft the inteftine motion of the fluids

eecer than it ufuallyis, In autumn the pole is flower, fofter, and weaker, si |
; |

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. °

the middle of the fummer, thofe which are cold to
perate to the fpring.

« Exercife increafes the pulfe, and confequently the circulation of the blood, white

‘an idle and inaétive ftate renders the pulfe flow, weak, and languid; and diminifhes

the circulation of the fluids. Spirituous' aliments render the pulfé large, and vehe-
ment, and frequent. The pulfe of fuch ‘as are afleep is flow, fmall, and languid ,
‘but, as foon as they awake, it forthwith becomes large, quicker, and ftronger ; the
pulfe of thofe who are angry’ is large, vehement, and quick ; that of fuch as are
frighted, frequent, fmall, and inactive; and of thofe who are forrowful, fmall, Jan-
guid, and flow ; hence the common and ordinary affections of the body change the
‘pulfe, fo that,without duly adverting to thefe affections, the pulfe cannot be cer-
tainly underftood, nor can it aa determined tow far it fase from a natural fate
“in confequence of difeafes. " Se

_ The natural pulfe i is thetefore to be felt and to be se eb fot i ” ediately

i aipiprennd immoderate eating, drinking wine, or other caufes which
-the heast and fpirits ; for we are to determine nothing about the hie ‘till ant ‘er
of external caufeés has ceafed, and all perturbations. of the body are allayed ; for
the pulfe is the moft certain fign and criterion of judgin |
‘and bloods ut, ow the puilfe alone is obfe vec t
Apale may be difturbed by a thoufand | abitr: a

All authors, both ancient and modern, agree, that a getjuche pulfe, > in every fpecies
of fever, whether continual or intesemetent, whether Aa or ey Na : whether

19
the winter, and fuch as are tem-

atl and vehe-
nual fevers, denotes
2 boc ly. ‘In invettigating,
ieiedaiied prc ate which -is ‘pace ‘pret natural, and accompanies
_ feveral diforders, we fhall follow the accurate Bellini, who accounts for the me s -
of the ear from the: influx of the blood —_. optimal arteries, see of et

omen pall, § seh te

by a fufficient. coe of ‘peed: Skink forcibly into the braiae: Ne
eat. <

no060d CULPEPER ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,
quent contraction of the Heart a fréquent pulfe is produced, which indicates that's
proper quantity of blood is conveyed to the brain, and that the brain is forcibly prefied,
which will happen, either when the blood ftagnates therein, in ‘confequenice of an Obs
itruction of its veins, or when the blood, contained in thefe veins, carinot flow in other:
parts,orin the lungs; or when the bloodis thrown into a ftatéof effervefcenteby which
it affumes a tendency to move in every direétion with a greater impetus, and by'that:
means prefits the brain more powerfully ; the mufcles of the heart alo’move more”
frequently when irritated. by any ftimulus. If, therefore, the blood is too/acid or hor,”
fo as to ftimulate the finufes of the heart, the heart will be more frequently contratted,”
and the frequency of the pulfe will indicate a ftimulating quality in the blood) >!
Since from the pulfe we thus forma’ judgment not only of the circulation’ and
temperature of the blood, but alfo of the motion of the {pirits, and the ftrength.
of the patient, fo the knowledge of the pulfe, and a due attention to it, becomes‘of
fingular fervice, not only in invettigating ‘the nature of diforders; and forming a
right judgment concerning them, but alfo in prefcribing medicines for their cure.
But they mutt be carefully, not fuperficially, confulted: The phyficians of» China
are far more careful in this refpeét than thofe of Europe; for the Chinefe often {pend
a whole hour in feeling the pulfe, whilft the Englifh phyficians have hardly patience’
-to feel above two pulfations ; a practice highly culpable, fince, after ten ftrokes of
_ the artery, an inequality or intérmiflion often occurs, which happens whefi the tin-
equally mixed blood paffes through the heart. The pulfe is alfo to be félt in both
wrifts,’in the neck, and in the temples; fince it is cértain, from experience, that the
pulfe in the wrifts frequently varies, and may be more commodioufly felt in one than
another. We ought alfo to advert to the pulles of other parts; thus, fometimes hy-
_ pochondriac patients perceive a large pulfe under the ribs on thé left fide, “which
happens when a quick and vifcid blood, exagitated by heat, or any other caufe, en-
‘deavours to procure a quick paflage through the pancreas and fpleen, but, ftopping
in their narrow veffels, produces a pulfation, and a kind of pricking pain. °°"
~ In continual and malignant fevers a large internal pulfation in the veins of the head
enetal y denotes a fubfequent delirium ; fince it is a fign that the blood there con-
d circulates lowly, till at laft, becoming ftagna at, it produces a violent inflam-
mation of the‘meninges. If a large pulfe arifés from an exceffive ebullition of the
blood, fo thatiin fevers the veins of the temples beat, afid the face is turgid, with:
‘Out a foftnels of the preecordia, there is reafon to fulpe€t that the difeate will be
long, and that it will not terminate without a’latge haemorrhage from the nofé, an
hiccough, convulfions, or feiatic pains. © The reafon of ‘this is, that the redundant
blood fecks for an outlet either ‘by the’ nole or’ the haeihorshordal veins) atid’the

gic vq oni dae

fooner this happens, ‘the foonér'the patient is fee from his ge When
eit I . 5

pos

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. wir

‘When a pulfation is, obferved in any part of the body, where at other times it is
not felt, we may. certainly conclude, that the part is inflamed and difpofed toa fup-_
puration, efpecially when it is accompanied with tumour and. pain. An hard pulfe
is-almoft an infallible fign.in the membranous parts; for this. hardne(s of the pulfe,
or exceffive tenfion and-vibration of the artery, indicates fomething. of a fpafmodie
nature, arifing from the'confent of the parts, and produced by the inflammation and
pain. The pulfe of perfons labouring under diforders of the breaft, or a palpitation
of the heart, is frequent, unequal, and languid; but fuch a pulfé, unlefs when
vehement, is accompanied with no-preternatural heat, and happens becaufe the
blood does not pafs through the finufes of the heart and the lobes of the lungs. Ia
weaknefs, and a difpofition of fyncopes, the pulfe is generally fmall, rare, and lan-
guid; but, if the pulfe is abfolutely imperceptible, the body covered with a cold
fweat, and the functions of the mind are not totally deftroyed, J have obferved, that.
the patient infallibly dies in fix hours: and fuch’a fituation I have feem produced by
corrofive poifon. It'is to be obferved, that about the critical times in fevers, when
nature endeavours to thtow off the fuperfluous and peccant matrer by ftool or fivear,
the pulfe, though languid, is yet more regular and lefs frequent, which is a certain
fign of recovery. But, if the pulfe is foft and: wn ilating, it isa ha that a ——
and critical {weatisjuftcomingon. «©

Itis aifo.to beobferved, that the pulfe is oucuen by saline Thos, eeans.
‘tic. purgatives, which procure too many ftools, the pulfe is generally preternaturally
quick. . After venzefaCtion, efpecially in plethoric habits, the pulfe becomes quicker,
a fign that the circulation of the blood, in confequence of its having a larger fpace,
is happily i increafed, fince by this means a fuppreffion of the menfes or hamorrhoides

. lly removed. It is certain, not only from the authority of Sydenham,
but alfo from experience, that, after the ufe of phil the ne 1s setuid the

aaa greatly incest val Ifa the h
anodynes, opiates, prepar tion of nitre, precip tating powders, acics
as diminifh the. inteftine motion of the blood china its ‘alphur, 1

calm and moderate in pains, inflammations, and febrile intemperature. Some very
ufeful and important rules for the exhibition of medicines are drawn from ean
of the pulfe: thus purging and vomiting are contra-indicated by a.too quick

liti the fecre-
he h blood i ini violent motion and ebullition,. a
nies a he ft ngth is defective, which may i = a

-

sores: cae ee oe
when the pullfe is ftrong, and te motion 0

sod Ve

u2. CUUPEPER’STENGLISH ‘PHY SICRAN,

vations are moft beneficial, and fucceed beft: The fame caution is:neceffary in the
exhibition ef fudorifics and all analeptics, which convey heat and motion to the
blood; for, if the pulfe:is rong and frequent, fuch fpirituous fubftances do more
injury than good, they rarefy the blood too much,. and accelerate its inteftine mo-
tion; by which means a delirium and-other.inflammations,are frequently ‘brought
on. Great circum{pection and attention to the.pulfe is alfo requifite in the exhibition
of narcotics or opiates; for, as thefe are poflefied of a power of ftopping the motion
of the blood and fpirits, and-confequently of impairing Rrength, fothey ought never _
to be exhibited when the in is ae nani aut enum ‘anes are to bigs annie
mere fol eit bas pistteds to & set acy sor! esa beth

Or DISEASES IN GENERAL, THEIR PREVENTION, AND > CURE.

DISEASE introduced the art of Medicine, which ina primitive fenfe, communi-
cates the means of preferving health when prefent, and. of reftoring it when loft. . If
we look back into the origin of the medical. art, .we fhall find ‘its firft foundations to ©
be owing to the accidental events, and natural inftingt. In the.early. -ages, the fick
were placed in crofs ways, and other public places, to receive the advicerof fuch -
paflengers as knew a remedy fuitable to their complaints; and, the better to pre-
ferve the memory of every remarkable cure, both the difeafe and the remedy were
engraved on pillars, that patients.in the like cafes might refort to them for inftruc-
tionand relief. Hence an infight into. eRe virtues of, herbs and eam ag
minerals, was originally acquired... fe
As tothe ee ats ant aN ine, itfeem:
4 have confifted in obferving, 1. That difeafes attended with particular apiabteiatse,
called fymptoms, were fometimes cured without the affiftance of art, by {pontancous _
“evacuations, as hemorrhages, diarrhoeas, vomitings, or fweats; whence bleeding,
“purges, and vomits, took. weit seni Qs That the padiante:s were poet peril ~ Se

ie =~ iraihed by art, employe to free the. conti tion n from |

canary cacy in different cor
, defpife the cumberfome,load of recipes, with th wich pri
‘much extolled medicines of theche-

writers of an-inferior rank abc
mitts, and attempt the relief of pati

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY.. ; Lig
dicines as obfervation and found philofophy recommend: for to the improvement of

The knowledge of medicines, or fuitable remedies, is alfo highly neceflary to thofe,
who, in order to moderate the impetus in acute diforders, make evacuations, blunt
acrimony, dilute too thick fluids, condenfe thofe that are too thin, brace up too lax
parts, and relax fuch as are too much conftricted; they alfo drive the humours to
parts where they will be leaft prejudicial, upon occafion mitigate pain, and in lan-
guors-ufe ftimulating medicines. Wine, vinegar, barley, nitre, honey, rhubarb,
opium, and other fimples, are found both fafe and powerful medicines. Sydenham
tells us, that all manner of difeafes may be cured by bleeding, purging, with a fub-
fequent opiate, and proper regimen. In chronical cafes, mineral waters, falts, dia-
phoretics; foap, mercury, fteel, with a few vegetables, and proper exercife, will
_ generally effect the-cure. Ina word, what is there in the moft elaborate preparation,
that is worth half the pains taken about it? Mercury, opium, the Peruvian bark, and
other fimples, with fire and water, are acknowledged as the fureft remedies by the
-ableft mafters of the art; and thefe are found to be more efficacious in that crude
ftate, in which bountiful nature has imparted them to us, than after the molt ope-
rofe and artificial preparations. We can defpair of nothing, while we follow fim-
plicity.; but the event of intricate labour is fallacious; eG. gene
Difeafes, in this and other countries, often flow from local circumftances; whence
they admit of great mitigation, and fometimes of being entirely prevented, particu-
larly if proper and timely means betaken for that purpofe. Difeafed parents, un-
- wholefome food, confined air, and uncommonly wet, cold, damp, or hot, feafons, are
the forerunners of various diforders ; and, as thefe are generally forefeen and known,
it fhould be the daty of every individual to guard againft them, :

Men.are alfo expofed to particular. difeafes from the occupations which they fol-
low. Chymifts, founders, glafs-makers, and feveral other. aruilts, are hurt by the
unwholefome air which they are obliged to breathe. ‘This air is not only loaded =
the noxious exbalations arifing. from metals and minerals, but is fo charged wi
2] ee iste Sie eae Fe ing the lungs fufficiently, and an{wer- —
phlogifton as to be rendered unfit for expanding the lungs fu |
eh er important purpofes of refpiration. ‘Hence proceed afthmas, coughs,
ing the other important p ee tial copnieatll
and confumptions of the lungs, fo incident to perfons who fc ny ‘ane

: E 2 : Jong at work; and when they give over they
"Such artifts ought never to continue too long | a eke
ould faffer themfelves to cool gradually. They ought never to drink large quan- |

- tities of cold, weak, or watery, liquors, while their bodies are hot, nor to indulgein a

Miners, and al who work under ground, are likewife hurt by unwholelome air.
The air, by its ftagnation in deep mines, not only lofes its proper fpring and other”
4, >° ‘7 es tye :

33- ;

~

mm CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,
qualities neceffary for refpiration, but is often loaded with fuch noxious exhalations.
as to become a moft deadly poifon. Miners-are not only hurt by unwholefome air,
but likewife by the particles of metal which adhere to their fkin, clothes, 8c. Thefe
are abforbed, or taken up into the body, and occafion palfies, vertigoes, ‘and other
nervous affections, which often prove fatal. Fallopius obferves, that thofe who
work in mines of mercury feldom live above three or four years. Lead, and oer
other metals, are likewife very pernicious to the health. 3g

All who work in mines or metals ought to wafh carefully, and to poses their
clothes as foon as they give over working. Nothing would tend more to: preferve
the health of fuch people than a ftri&t and almoft religious regard to cleantinefs,
Plumbers, painters, gilders, fmelters, makers of white lead, and many others who
work in metals, are liable to the fame difeafes as miners, and ought to obferve'the
fame directions for avoiding them. Tallow-chandlers, boilers of oil, and all'who
_ work in putrid animal fubftances, are likewife liable to fuffer from the unwholefome.
fells or efluviaof thefe bodies. They ought to pay the fame regard to cleanlinefs
as miners; and when they are troubled, with naufea, ficknefs, or fe recies shot
fhould take a gentle purge. | ee

-Thofe who follow laborious employments are in general the mioft healthy of man-
kind, yet the nature of their occupations, and the places where they are carried on,
expofé them to fome particular difeafes. Hufbandmen, for example; ate expofed to.
‘ali the viciffitudes of the. weather, which, in this country, are often very great and
fudden, and occafion colds, coughs, quinfies, rheumatifms, fevers, and other acute
diforders.” ‘They are likewife foreed to work hard, and-often carry burdens above
their ftrength, which, by overftraining the veflels, occafions afthmas, ruptures, &¢c.

Such as bear heavy burdens, as porters, labourers, &c. are obliged to draw the
air with much greater force, and alfo to keep their lungs diftended with more vio-
a eps is Besse tot ‘common ssigconey 2 by this means —_ ender

4 ver enfues. Ruscha ay mentions an rata to this aoe of a man, ‘who,

‘upon awager, carried an afs; but was foon after feized with a fever, a vomiting of ©
blood, ‘and: a rupture: Carrying: heavy burdens is generally. the effect of mere lazi-
nefs, which prompts people to.do.at once what fhould be done at twice. Sometimes
it proceeds from vanity or emulation. Henceit is, that the ftrongeft mén aremoft
commonly hurt by heavy burdens, hard labour, or feats of activity. It is: rare to
find one who boafts of his ftrength without a rupture, a fpitting of blood, or fome
difeafe, which he reaps as the fruit of his folly. When the mufcles are violently
ftrained, frequent reft is neceffary, in order that they may recover their tone; with-
out this, the ftrength and conftitution will foon be worn out, and a ‘premature old
og age brought on.

Labourers:

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. © ms

_ Labourers in the hot feafon are apt to lie down and fleep im the fun: This prac:
tice is fo dangerous, that they often wake in a burning fever, Thefe ardent fevers,
which prove fo fatal about the end of fummer and beginning of autumn, are free
quently occafioned by thisimeans, Fevers of a very bad kind are often occafioned
among labourers by poor living. When the body is not fufficiently nourifhed, the
humours become vitiated, and the folids weak ; from whence the moft fatal conse.
quences enfue. Poor living is likewife productive of many of thofe cutancous dit
eafes fo frequent among the lower clafsof people. It is remarkable that cattle, when.
pinched in their food, are generally affected with difeafes of the fkin, which feldom
fail to difappear when they are put upon a good pafture. This fhews how much a
good ftate of the humours depends upon a-fufficient quantity of propernourifhment,
Poverty not only occafions, but aggravates, many of the difeafes of the laborious,
and makes them miferable indeed. Here the godlike virtue of charity ought always
toexert itfelf. To relieve the induftrious poor in diftrefs, is furely the moft exalted
act of religion and humanity. They alone, who are witnelles of thofe feenes of ca.
lamity, can form a notion of what numbers perifh in difeafes, for*want of proper af
fiftance, and even for want of the neceflaries of life. ~ Chon ody SBM
Soldiers fuffer many hardthips from the inclemency of feafons, long marches, bad

provifions, hunger, watching, unwholefome climates, bad water, &c. Thele oc- :
cafion fevers, fluxes, rheumatifms, and other fatal difeafes, which generally do great-
er execution than the fword, efpecially when campaigns are continued too late in the
year. A few weeks of cold rainy weather will often prove more fatal than an ¢n-
gagement... Sailors may alfo be numbered amongit the laborious. They undergo
great hardhips from change of climate, the violence of the weather, hard labour,
8c... One great fource of the difeafes of fea-faring people is excels, When they get
on hore, after having been long at fea, without regard to the climate, or their own
conttitutions, they plunge headlong into all manner of riot, and even perfit till a
exes ag yee and not the climate, is often the
feyer putsan endto their lives, Thusintemperance, ane not & ried ote ia
caufe why fo many of our brave failors die on foreign coals. Such prople ought
not to live 00 low but hey would find movrain the Belt defence sgn fever

pe SE as ne, Se gs : i if due attention were pax
pile, they would be Reema ne ee its ug uum
leéted wery reverie, WU DRDPEDS. chal tana ens” BPS ew:
se ee acy eon contrary ihebealhand ature of man chan a fdemany
‘life, yet this clafs comprehends the far

greater part of the {pecies. Almott the wi
‘female world, and, in manufacturing countries, the major part of the males

SWOPE e Gh fedentary employments are_neceflz
_seckoned fedentary. But, though fedentary employimsn "oS 4

a 4

av

6 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

feems to be no reafon why any perfon fhould be confined for life to thefe alone. ’ It
is conftant confinement that ruins the health. Aman willnot behurt by fitting five
~ or fix hours a-day ; but, if he be obliged to fit ten or twelve, in confined air, he will —
foon become injured in his health. Unwholefomeair is the caufe of many diforders.
Few are aware of the danger arifing fromit. People generally pay fome attention
to what they-eat and drink, but feldom regard what goes into the lungs, though the
latter often proves more fuddenly fatalthan the former. A fedentary life-feldom
fails to occafion an univerfal relaxation of the folids. This is the great fource from
whence moft of the difeafes of fedentary peopleflow. The fcrophula, confumption,
_hyfterics, and nervous difeafes, now fo common, were very little known inthis coun-
try before fedentary artificers became fo numerous: and they are very little known
ftill among fuch of our people as follow active employments without doors, though
_in great towns at leaft two-thirds of the inhabitants are afflicted with them. In-
Stead of multiplying rules for preferving the health of the fedentary, we fhall re-
commend to them the following plan, viz. That every perfon who followsa fedén-
"tary employment fhould cultivate a piece of ground with his own hand, ‘This’ he
might dig, plant, fow, and weed, at leifure hours, fo as to make it an exercife and
—amufement, while it produced many of the neceffaries of life. After working an
hour in a garden, a man will return with more keennefs to his employment within
_doors, than if he had been-all the while idle. Labouring the ground is every way
conducive to-health. Itnot only gives exercife to every part of the body, but ‘the
very fmell of the earth and freth herbs revives and cheers the fpirits, whilft the per- —
petual profpeét of fomething coming to maturity delights and entertains the mind,
“We are fo formed asto be always pleafed with fomewhat in profpect, however
-~ diftant or however trivial. Hence the happinefs that men feel in planting, fowing,
building, &c. Thefe feem to have beenthe chiefemployments of the more early
“ages: and, when kings and conquerers cultivated the ground, there is teafon to be:
-Vieve, that they knew as well wherein true happinefs confifted as we do. In a word,
exerci! ‘without doors, in one fhape or another, is abfolutely neceffary to health.
10fe wh oneglectit, though they may drag out life, can hardly be: faid to enjoy it.
ss Weak — ey languifh for a few bicakc and foon wen into an pear!
Every difeafe’'may be <oiifidered as an a atterb hae of ‘ainctehas and muft be dif- —
tinguifhed by os that are moft obvious and permanent; for, by a due attention
to = the i nveftig: at ne | of Soe Sede in general will be panic a much oe ane

9 : ; age

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY, . 117

and foft, the nerves extremely irritable, and the Auids thin ; whereas in old age the
Rbres are rigid, the nerves become almoft infenfible, and many of the veffels im:
perviable. Thefe and other peculiarities render the difeafes of the young and aged
very different, and of courfe they muft require a different method of treatment. Fe-
males are liable to many difeafes which do not affli& the other fex: befides, the
nervous fyftem being more irritable in them than in men, their difeates require to be
treated with greater caution. They are lefs able to bear large evacuations; and all
ftimulating medicines ought to be adminiftered to them with a fparing hand. The
temper of mind ought to be carefully attended to in all difeafes. Fear, anxiety, and
a fretful temper, both occafion and aggravate difeafes. In vain do we apply medi-
cines to the body to remove maladies which proceed from the mind. When that is af-
fected, the beft medicine is to foothe the paffions, to divert the mind from anxious
thought, and to keep the patient as eafy and cheerful as poffible. Few things are of
greater importance, in the cure of difeafes, than cleanlinefs. Whena patient is fuf-
fered to lie in dirty clothes, whatever perfpires from his body is again reforbed, or
taken up into it, which ferves to nourifh the difeafe, and increafe the danger. Many
difeafes may be cured by cleanlinefs alone; moft of them may be mitigated by it,
end in allof them it is highly neceffary both for the patient and thofe who attend him.

Ori FEVERS.

FEVERS are not only the moft frequent of all difeafes, but they are likewife the
moft complex: in the moft fimple fpecies of fever there is always a combination of
| feveral different fymptoms. The diftinguifhing fymptoms of fever are, increafed
heat, frequency of pulfe, lofs of appetite, general debility, pain in the head, and a
difficulty in performing fome of the vital and animal functions. The other fymp-
toms ufually attendant on fevers are, naufea, thirft, anxiety, delirium, wearinefs,
wafting of the fiefh, want of fleep, or the fleep difturbed and not refrefhing. Asa
- fever is only an effort of Nature to free herfelf from an offending caufe, it is the bu-
finefs of thofe who have the care of the fick, to obferve with diligence which way
Nature points, and to endeavour to affift her operations, Our bodies are fo framed,
as to have a conftant tendency to expel or throw off whatever is injurious to health,
This is generally done by urine, fweat, ftool, expectoration, vomit, or fome other
- evacuation. There is reafon to believe, if the efforts of nature, at the beginning of
a fever, were duly attended to and promoted, it would fcldom continue rig 24
when her attempts are either neglected or counteracted, it is no wonder if the ‘ oe 7
proves fatal. There are daily inftances of perfons who, after catching cold, have

the fymptoms of a beginning fever; but, by keeping warm, drinking diluting havo’s

batihng the feet in warm water, &c, the 2 ge ew difappear, ‘ > eee

34.

18 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

danger is prevented. ‘When fevers of a putrid kind threaten, the beft method of |
obviating their effects is by repeated vomits. Almoft every perfon in a fever coms;
plains of great thirft, and calls out for drink, efpecially of a cooling nature. This.
at once points out the ufe of water and other cooling liguors.. What.is fo likely to
abate the heat, attenuate the humours, remove fpafns and obftruGtions, promote
perfpiration, increafe the quantity of urine, and, in fhort, produce every falutary. eh.
feét in an ardent or inflammatory fever, as drinking plentifully of water, thin gruel, .
or any other weak liquor of which water is the bafis? The neceffity of diluted dix,
quors is pointed out by the dry tongue, the parched fkin, and the buraing heart, as.
well as by the unquenchable thirft, of the patient. Many cooling liquors, which are:.
extremely grateful to patients in a fever, may be prepared from fruits, as decogtions
of tamarinds, apple-tree, orange-whey, and the like. Mucilaginous liquors might.
alfo be prepared from marfhmallow roots, linfeed, lime-tree buds, and other mild
vegetables particularly pointed out in the Herbal. Thefe liquors, efpecially when
acidulated, are highly agreeable to the patient, and fhould never. be denied him.
In fevers the mind as well as body fhould be kept eafy. Company, is feldom agree.
able to one thatis fick. Indeed every thing that difturbs the imagination. increafes,
the difeafe; for whichreafon every perfon ina fever ought, to be kept perfectly, quiet,
- and neither allowed to fee or hear any thing that may in the leaft affect or difcompofe..
_. hismind. What food the patient takes fhould be in fmall quantity, light, and of
eafy digeftion. It ought to be chiefly of the vegetable kind, as panada, roafted,ap-
ples, gruels, and fuch like, The frefh air fhould likewife be taken as much as. pol.
fible; it-not only removes his anxiety, but. cools the blood, revives. the Spirits, . and |
proves every way beneficial.. Amongft common people, the very name. of ,a fever.
generally fuggefts the neceflity of bleeding. This notion feems to haye taken its.
rifé from moft fevers in this country having been formerly of an inflammatory na-
tures but true inflammatory fevers are now. feldom to be met with, ., Sedentary oc-,.
upations, and a different manner of living, have fo changed the ftate of vee
a 1 . there is now et one fever i in ten where the lancet_ is epi

| od 1 e, never to ‘bleed at the beginning ¢ ‘of a fever, unlefs there be evident

i 2 mation , Bleedingi is an excellent medicine when neceflary, butfhould..
anton); ‘pétformed. It is likewife a common notion, that, fweating is al-.

ways neceffary in the beginning of a fever. When. the fever proceeds from an ob-
ftru&ted perfpiration, this ‘notion i is not ill-founded. If the patient only lies in bed,
batheshis feet and legs in warm water, and drinks freely of water-gruel, oranyt o
weak diluting liquor, he will feldom fail to bettie. freely, ‘The, ape of

AND FAMILY DISPENSA TORY, 17 om

‘bed, and the dilating drink, will relax the univerfal fpafm,. which Generally affects.
thefkin at the beginning of a fever , it will open the pores, and promote the peripi«,
ration, by means of which the fever. may often be carried off. But, inflead of this, ‘
the common prattice js to heap clothes upon the patient, and to give him things ot .
a hot nature, as {pirits, {piceries, &c. which fire his blood, increafe the fpafms, and :;
render the difeafe more dangerous. In all fevers 4 proper attention fhould be paid to .
a patient’s longings. Thefe are the calls of Nature, and often point out what may be»
of real ufe. Patients are hot indeed to be indulged in every thing that the fickly ap.
petite may crave; but it is generally right to let them have a litte of what they
eagerly defire, though it may not feem altogether proper. What the patient longs

for, his ftomach will a a and fuch things have fometimes me ithe

“py effect. ;

. Or INTERMIT.TING FEVERS, on AGUES,

THE feveral kinds of intermitting fevers, or agues, take their names from the

period in which the fit returns, as quotidian, tertian, quartan, ec. They are gene.
rally occafioned by efluvia from putrid ftagnated water. This isevident from their -

abounding in rainy feafons, and being moft frequent in countries where the foil is
marfhy, as in Holland, the Fens of Cambridgethire, the Hundreds of Effex, 8c.
This difeafe may alfo be occafioned by eating too much ftone-fruit, by a poor watery
diet, damp houfes, evening dews, lying upon’ the damp ground, watching, fatigue,
depreffing paffions, and the like. When the inhabitants of a high country retire co -
a low one, sah aes apt to prove fatal. In a word, whatever relaxes the folids, dimi-
nifhes the perfpiration, or obftruéts the 7 in so tutegs aime
difpofes the body to agues. mae
CURE—As the chief intentions of cure in an haan ea ee folids, in
promote pér{piration, the patient ought totake as much exercife between the firs as
hecan bear. If he be ableto go abroad, riding on horfeback, or in a carriage,
will be of great fervice. “But, if he cannot bear that kind of exercife, he ought to | |
take fuch as‘his ftrength will permit. Nothing tends more to prolong an interit-_
ting fever, than indulging a lazy indolent difpofition. In this difeafe, the ftomach -
is generally loaded with cold vifcid phlegm, and frequently great quantities of bile,
lifcharge by v vomits ts which plainly poines out the neceffity of fuch evanuationta!

‘ot ‘the patient takes any other al
ris phlegm bowelai ae io

120 CULPEPER’s ENGLSIO PHYSICDAN,

in a glafs of red wine, a cup of camomile-tea, water-gruel, or any other drink that
is more agreeable to the patient. .In an ague which returns every day, oné of. the
above dofes may be taken every two hours during the interval of the fits. In ater.
tian, or third-day ague, it will be fufficient to take a dofe every third hour during
the interval ; and in a quartan, every fourth. If the patient cannot take fo large a
dofe of the bark, he may divide each of the powders into two parts, and take one
every hour, &c. For a young perfon, a fmaller quantity of this medicine will be.
fufficient,.and the dofe muft be adapted to the age, conftitution, and violence of the
fymptoms. The above quantity of bark will frequently cure an ague,; the patient,
however, ought not to leave off taking the medicine as foon as the paroxyfms are
ftopped, but fhould continue to ufe it till there is reafon to believe the difeafe is
entirely overcome. Moft of the failures in the cure of this dileafe are owing to
patients not continuing to ufe the medicine long enough. They are generally di-
rected to take it till the fits are {topped, then to leave it off, and begin again at fome
diftance of time ; by which means the difeafe gathers ftrength, and often returns
' with as much violence as before. A relapfe may always be prevented, and the cure
greatly facilitated, by ufing the following infufion for fome confiderable time as
adrink: take an ounce of gentian root ; of calamus aromaticus, and orange-peel,
_ each half an ounce, with three or four handfuls of camomile flowers, and an hand-
ful of coriander-feed, all bruifed together in a mortar; put half an handful of thefe
mgredients into a tea-pot, and pour thereon a pint of boiling water, A large
tea-cup full of this infufion fhould be drunk three or four times a day ; by. which
means a fmaller quantity of bark than i is generally ufed will be fufficient to cure. an
ague. There isno doubt but many of our own plants or barks, which are very
bitter and aftringent, would fucceed in the cure of intermittent fevers, efpecially
when affifted by aromatics; and it is only by the ufe of fundry of thofe herbs re-
3 commended i in the Herbal as antidotes again{t agues, that many old women. in
try places fo effectually cure the ague, after it has baffled every exertion of
the doétor. In obftinate agues, when the patient is old, the habit phlegmatic, the
n rai ly, the fituation damp, or the like, it will be neceffary to add to the above
ounces of the bark, half an ounce of Virginian {nake-root, and a quarter of an
ounce of ginger, or fome other warm aromatic ; or, if the fymptoms be of an inflam-
matory nature, half an ounce of falt of wormwoodor falt of tartar may be added to
the above quantity of bark. As autumnal and winter agues generally prove much
more obftinate than thofe which attack the patient in {pring or fummer, it will be
neceffary to continue the ule of the foregoing medicines longer in the former than
in the latter. If agues are not properly cured, they often degenerate into obftinate
chronical difeafes, as the dropfy, jaundice, &c. For this reafon all poflible cA.

“ASND FAMILY! DISPE NSW) fy

the conftitution {poiled. Fo prevent agues, ‘people should endeavourts avoid thir
cauies. The following preventive medicine may ‘however-be of ule to fod adie
abliged to live in low marlhy countries, or who are'liablete fitquent attacks of this
difeafe, Take an ounce of the bett Peruvian barky Virginian fnale-root, and oranges
days-in a bottle of brandy, Holland: gin,’ or wine: afterwards pour off the clear!
liquor, ‘and: take.a wine-glafs. of it: twice or thrice a-day. »Thofé who can bring?
themfelves to chew the bark will find that method fucceed very well. Gen.’
tian root, or calamus aromaticus, may alfo. be chewed by turns for the fame pur-
— bitter herbs are antidotes to agues, efpecially thofe that ate-warm and.
auringent.; ibe srebnrd td-ysar ues ne otis yaw

* t ant. se 4
2s erevrolem:' 36 §

:
Oran ACUTE CONTINUAL FEVERM
"THIS fever is denominated acute, ardent, or inflammatory... It mot commonly,
attacks the young, or perfons about the prime or vigour of life, elpecially fuch as
live high, abound with blood, and whofe fibres are ftrong and elaftic. It feizes, peo-

the {pring and beginning, of

ple’at all feafons of the year, but is molt frequent in egin
fummer. It may be occafioned by any thing that overheats the body, ‘or produces
plethora; as violent exercife, fleeping in the fun, drinking ftrong liquors, eating,
fpiceries, a full diet, with little exercife, &&c. It may likewife be occafioned by.
whatever obftrudts the perfpiration ; as lying on the damp ground, drinking cold li

qtior wheh the'body is hot, ‘night-watching, orthelike, ©
CURE.!-As this difedfe ig always attended with danger, the beft medical affift-
anice Oushe'to be procured as foon as poffible; and fuch medicines thould be ufed
4g late €aleuilated ‘to dilute the’blood, corré&t the acrimony of the humours, allay the
éxceffive heat), remove the fpafodic ftriéture of the veffels, and promote the fecre-
tions For this purpofe ‘let’the patien drink plentifully“of dildti jg liquors} as
If the patient be coftive, an ounce of tamarinds, with two ounces of ftoned raifias’
of the fun, and a couple of figs, may be boiled in three Englith pints of water to’@
quart. This makes a very pleafant drink, and may be ufed atdifcretion. “The pas
tient’s diet mutt be very fpate’and light; and’it will ‘afford him great relief, ‘efpe-
cially in a hot fea(on, \tochave frefh ‘air frequeritly let into his chamber. «This, how
ever, mult be done in fach'a manner as not to-endanger his catching cold. ‘eisaa
Common in :fevets to load the patient with bed-clothes, under the pretence :

w CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSTCIAN,

- fncreafes the heat of the body, fatigues the patient, and retards, inftead of promot:
ing, the perfpiration. In this and all other fevers, attended with a hard, full, quick,
pulfe, bleeding is of the greateft importance... This operation ought always to be:
performed as foon as the fymptoms of an inflammatory fever appear. The quantity:
of blood to be taken away mwft be.in proportion to the ftrength of the patient and’
the violence of the difeafe.. Hf.after the firft bleeding the fever fhould rife, and the:
pulfe become more frequent and hard, there will be a neceffity for repeating it afe-
cond, and perhaps a third, or even a fourth, time, which may be done at the diftance,
of twelve, eighteen, or twenty-four, hours from each other, as the fymptoms requite.
If the pulfe continues foft, and the patient is tolerably eafy after the'firft bleeding,
itought not to be repeated, Ifthe heat and fever be very great, forty or fifty drops
of the dulcified or {weet fpirit of nitre may be made into adraught, with an ounce
of rofe-water, two ounces of common water, and half an ounce of fimple fyrup, ora:
bit of loaf-fugar. This draught may be given to the patient every three or four hours,
while the fever is violent; afterwards, once in five or fix hours will be fufficient.
If about the tenth, eleventh, or twelfth, day, the pulfe becomes more foft; the:
tongue moifter, and the urine begins to let fall a reddith fettlement, there is reafon.
to expect a favourable iffue to the difeafe. But if, inftead of thefe fymptoms, the’
patient’s fpirits grow languid, his pulfe finks, and his breathing becomes difficult,
witha ftupor, trembling of the nerves, ftarting of the tendons, &c. there is reafon to

fear that the confequences will be fatal. In this cafe blifters muft be applied'to the —

head, ancles, infide of the legsor thighs, asthere may be occafion; poultices of wheat:
bread, muftard, and vinegar, may likewife: be applied to the foles of the feet, and.
the patient muft be fupported with cordials, as {trong white-wine whey, negus

fago-gruel with wine imit, and fuch like. - Should the patient recover, he sabia A

take fome gentle laxative. An ounce of tamarinds, and a drachm of fena:may' be:

boiled for a few minutes in a pint of water, and an ounce of manna diffolved:in the:
cottio ; afterwards: it may be ftrained, and a tea-cup full drunk-every hour till.
operat ‘: “This dofeimay be repeated. twice or thrice, five or:fix days intervening:
bec pants and the Patient Saat be ste aes till seston setiecitp ana

yee

OF THE : _PLEURISY.

Dinflammation sishidsnentemeli iadiaamicguniiiditine
reat. Irmay be occafioned by whatever obftruéts the perfpiration:,
as cold northerly winds 5 drinking cold Jiquors when the body is hot; fleeping:with-),
out doors on the damp ground; ‘wet’ clothes; plunging the -body into cold water,’
seers itto the cold air, when covered with fweat, 8c.’ ee

AND° FAMILY DISPENSATORY) > ~ 22g,

cafioned: by drinking: ftrong liquors; by thectoppave of ufuak evacuations; jasole
ulcers, iffues, fweating of the feetor hands, &&c. ithée-fudden ftriking in of any erupy
tion, as the itch, the meafles, or the {mall-pox. A:pléurify may likewife be octafioned:
by violent exercife, as‘running, wreftling, leapingy or by fupporting great weights,
blows on the breaft, &c.. ~The pulfein this difeafe is commonly quick and hard, the
uriné high-coloured; and if blood be let it is covered with a tough cruft, or buffy
coat. The patient’s fpittle‘is at firft thin, -but afterwards it becomes groffer, and is,
often ftreaked with blood. Y Sis ciuiols e210 bin f ;
SCURE..--Nature generally endeavours to carry off this difeafe by a critical dif.
charge of blood-from fome-part of the body, by expectoration, fweat, loofe ftools,
thick urine, or the like. We ought therefore to fecond her intentions by lefiening
the force of the circulation, relaxing the veffels, diluting the humours, and promot-,
ing expectoration. Copious bleeding, in the beginning of a pleurify, bas a much,
better effect than repeated fmall bleedings. A man may lofe twelve or fourteen ounces |
of blood as foon as it is certainly known that he is feized with a pleurify.. Fora
younger perfon, or-one of a delicate conftitution, the quantity muft belefs: If, after,
the firft bleeding, the ftitch, with the other violent fymptoms, , fhould continue, it.
will be neceffary, at the diftance of twelve or eighteen hours, to.Jet eight or nine,
ounces more. If the fymptoms do not then abate, and the, blood. fhews a Atrong,
buffy coat, a third, or even a fourth, bleeding may be requifite. But this operation
~ is feldom neceffary after the third or fourth day of the fever, and ought not then to be ,
performed, unlefs in the moft urgent circumftances.. The blood may be attenuated _
without bleedings- and the pain of the fide abated by fomenting, bliftering, ec. Fo-_
mentationsmiay be made by boiling a handful of the flowers of elder, camomile, and.
comnion mallows;-on any other foft vegetables, recommended for this epmplaint in.
the! Herbal.’ "Fhe herbs may. be either put into a flannel bag, and applied warm to
the fide} or'Gannels may be dipped in. the decoétion, afterwards wrung, gut, and
applied-to the part affected; withas much warmth as the patient can ¢alily bear. Fo-_
- of the:blood and other humours. © Leaves of various plants might likewife be ap-.
plied to the patient’s fide with advantage. I have often feen great benefit from young .
cabbage-leaves applied warm to the fide ina pleurify. Thefe not only relax the }
parts, but likewife draw off a little moifture, and may prevent the neceffity of blif-
tering platterss:which, however, when other things fail, mutt be applicc. | Whats
called'the'crifisy or height of the fever,’ is fometimes attended with very alarming,
riptoms, as-difficulty of breathing, anirregular. pulfe, convulfive motions, €¢.
aor tofriehten the attendants, and induce them to do improper things,

¥24 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,
are only the ftruggles of Nature to overcome the difeafe, in which the ought to be
affifted by plenty of diluting drink, which is then peculiarly neceffary. If the pa-
tient’s ftrength however be much exhaufted by. the difeafe, it will be neceffary:at
this time to fupport him with {mall draughts of white-wine whey, negus, or the like.
When the pain and fever are gone, it will be proper, after the patient has recover-
ed fufficient ftrength, to give him fome gentle purges. He ought likewife to ufea
light diet of eafy digeftion, and his drink fhould be of a cleanfing nature.
The parapbrentis, or inflammation of the diaphragm, is fo nearly connected with,
the pleurify, and’ refembles it fo much in the manner of treatment, that it is fcarce
neceflary to confider i itas a feparate difeafe. It is attended with a very acute fever,
and an extreme pain of the part affected, which is generally augmented by coughing,
- fheezing, ‘drawing i in the breath, taking food, going to ftool, making water, &e.
Hence the patient breathes quick, and draws in his bowels to prevent the motion of
the diaphragm; is reftlefs, anxious, has a dry cough, a hiccup, and often a delirium.
Every method fhould be taken to prevent a fuppuration, as it is impoffible to fave
the patient’s life when this happens. The regimen and medicine are in all refpetts
the fame as in the pleurify. We fhall only add, that in this difeafe emollient clyfters
are peculiarly ufeful, as they relax the bowels, and by that means make a deriva:
tion from the part affected.

OF INFLAMMATIONS or tHe LUNGS.

_ THIS difeafe is generally fatal to thofe who have a flat breaft, or narrow chett,
and to fuch as are affliéted with an afthma, ‘efpecially in the decline of life. Some-
times the inflammation reaches to one lobe of the lungs only, at other times the
whole organ is affected ;-in which cafe the difeafe can hardly fail to prove fatal. An
| Eafarnination of the lungs is fometimes a primary difeafe, and fometimes. itis the |
fequence of other difeafes, as a quinfey, a pleurify, &c. Mot of the fymptomi

tee
ct

of Fa pleut likewife attend an inflammation of the lungs ; only in the latter the .
Pua is more foft, and the pain jef$ acute; but the difficulty of breathing, | and op-

of the breaft, are generally greater.

---Bleeding and purging are generally proper at the behinning of this dit.
the patient *sfpittle is pretty thick, as well as concoéted, neither of them
At will be fufficient to affift the expectoration by fome of the’ fharp
ecoms nd ed for that purpofe in the pleurify ; blifters ought to be ap-
plied pretty early, If the Patient does not fpit, he muft be bled according as his
ftrength will permit, and have a gentle purge adminiftered. Afterwards his body
may be kept open by clyfters, and the expectoration promoted, by taking every, four
hours two table-fpoonfuls of the folution of gum ammoniac, with oxym | of
2 (quills,

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 125

{quills, 8c. When an inflammation of the breaft does not yield to bleeding, blif-
tering, and other evacuations, it commonly ends in a fuppuration, which is more or
lefs dangerous according to the part where it is fituated. ‘When this happens in the
pleura, it fometimes breaks outwardly, and the matter is difcharged from the
wound. If thefuppuration happens within the fubftance or body of the lungs, the
matter may be difcharged by expectoration ; but, if the matter floats in the cavity
of the breaft, between the pleura and the lungs, it can only be difcharged by an in-
cifion made betwixt the ribs. \ If the patient’s ftrength does not return after the in-
flammation is to all appearance removed; if his pulfe continues quick though foft,
his breathing difficult and oppreffed; if he has cold fhiverings at times, his cheeks
fluthed, his lips dry; and if he complains of thirft, and want of appetite ; there is
reafon to fear a fappuration, and that a confumption of the lungs will enfue; the
proper treatment of which we thall next confider.

Or CONSUMPTIONS.

CONSUMPTIONS prevail more in England than in any other part of the
world; owing perhaps to the great ufe of animal food and malt-liquors, the general
application to fedentary employments, and the great quantity of pit-coal which is
burnt; to which we may add the perpetual changes in the atmofphere, or variable-
nefs of the weather. As this difeafe fo frequently proves fatal, we fhall point out
its caufes, in order that people may as much as poffible endeavour to guard againtt
it: thefe are, confined or unwholefome air; violent paffions, exertions, or affec-
tions of the mind; grief, difappointment, anxiety, or clofe application to ftudy :---
- Great evacuations ; as fweating, diarrhoeas, diabetes, exceflive venery, the fluor al-

bus, an over difcharge of the menftrual flux, giving fuck too long :---alfo the fud-
den ftoppage of cuftomary evacuations ; as the bleeding piles, fweating of the feet,
- pleeding at the nofe, the menfes, iffues, ulcers, or eruptions of any kind, Con-
- famptions are likewife caught by fleeping with the difeafed’; for ‘which reafon this
fhould be carefully avoided ; but more confumptive patients date the beginning of
their diforders from wet feet;damp beds, night air, wet clothes, or catching cold
after the body has been heated, than from all other caufes put together. This dif-
eafe however is fometimes owing to an hereditary taint, or a fcrophulous habit; in
. which cafe it is generally incurable---yet, let none defpair, ~~ 1 aa :
-CURE.---On the firft appearance of a confamption, if the patient lives: in any
“place where the air is confined, he ought immediately to quit it, and to make choice
ofa fituation inthe country, where the iris pure and free. Here he muft not
‘yemain inactive, but take every day as much exercife as he can bear. Itisa pity
thof who-attend the fick eldom recommend riding in this difeafe, till the patient

agg Kk i

~

+

6 CULPERER's ENGLISH PHY SICLAN,

As either unable, to. bear, At, ¢ or the - smalady has become. incurable! patients are’ likes
“wile, apt t to rrifle with themfelves, , They cannot fee how,one.of the common actions
‘of ife fhould. Prove 2 a remedy ip, an obftinate: difeafe, and therefore. they.rejeét ir,
‘while they, greedily hunt after. relief from medicine, merely because they do,not
‘underftand i it. _Next to proper air and exercife, a due attention. fhould be paid to
diet, which ought, to be calculated to. leflen the acrimony of the humours, and,to
nourith and fupport the patient, For this. purpofe he fhould keep) chiefly :to, the
ufe of vegetables and. milk. . Milk alone is of more value,in this: difeafe than the
whole materia medica, Affes milk i iscommonly reckoned, preferable to any. other;
but i it cannot always be obtained ; befides, itis generally taken in very {mall quan:
: tity ; 5 whereas, to produce any effects, it ought to makea confiderable part:.ofthe
patient’ s food. Some extraordinary cures in confumptive cafes have been perform.
ed by women’s milk ; and, could it.be obtained in {ufficient quantity, we would re- —
commend it in preference to any other. It is better if the patient can fuck it from
‘the breaft, than to drink it afterwards. A man who was reduced to fucha degree of
weaknefs in aconfumption, as not to be able to turn in bed, fucked: his:wife’s
breafts,, not with a view to reap any advantage from the milk, but to make -her ealy.
“Finding himfelf. however. gteatly benefited by it, he continued to fuck her: till. che
came perfeétly. well, and is at prefent.aftrongand healchy man... Some prefer but-
| ter-milk toapy other, and.it is indeed.avery valuable medicine, if the ftomach: be
“able to bear it. It does not agree with every perfon at firft ; and. is therefore often
Tai aic afide without , a fufficient trial. It fhould. at firft be taken {paringly:and the
* ‘quantity gradually, increafed, until.it comes to be almoft the {ole food.’ , 1,never
: knew i it fucceed unlefs where the patient almoft lived upon. it.. _ Wholefome air,
proper exercife, anda diet confiftent therewith, is the only courfe that can be. ode+
pended. on in a. beginning, confumption. .. If the patient has ftrength and {afiicient
- refolution to perfitt j in fuch.a courfe, he will feldom be difappointed. of -a.cure. de
the firft ftage o ofa confumption, . the cough may fometimes be appeaféd by bleeding
-and | : expectoration may, be promoted by the following medicines. Takeifreh -
n-ammoniac, and powdered cardamum feeds, of each a-quarterofvan
nce; beat them together in a mortar, and, if the mafs proves too, hard for pills,
ittle of any | sind of fyrup may be added to it, This ; may be formed into pills of
ize, and four or five of them taken twice or thrice a-day, according as
Hient’s ftomach will bear them, A. mixture made of. equal parts of lemon-
NESE ne Ys and fyrup ¢ of poppies, may likewile be ufed,. : Four ounces of each
1m cred | together _ in a faucepan, over a aa fire, cand. a table-
: Spoonful of ittaken at any time. when the eave is. tau Y “aa ig gf omnme?
in this ftage of the. difeate t mic,me-

Shee
Midti 4.4

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. > °
dicines, .'Thefe, inktéad of removing tthe caufe of the difeafe, tend rather'to incre
it, by heating the blood, while they pall-the appetite, ‘relax ‘the folids, and prove
vevery way hurtfulto. the patient.. Whatever: is ufed ‘for removing the cough, be-
fides riding and-other proper regimen, ought to be medicines of a harp and cleanf-
‘ing nature; as oxymel yfyrup of lemon, &c.. For the! patient's drink we would re-
commend infufions of the bitter plants mentioned in the Herbal, fuch as ground-

ivy, the fmallercentaury, t lomile ‘flowers, water trefoil,’ &&c. “Thefe infufions may
obe drunk.at pleafure.: {trengthen the ftomach, promote digeftion, rectify the
_ blood, and at the fame cime anfwer all the:purpofes of dilutition, and quench thirft
much better than things that are lufcious’or fweet. \ But, if the patient {pits blood,
vhe ought tolufe, for his ordinary drink, infofions or decodtions of the vulnerary
roots, plants, &c.:There'are many other mucilaginous plants and feeds of a heal-
ing and agelutinating nature, recommeénde@in the Herbal, from which detoftions ©
or. infufions, may be prepared with the fame intention ; ‘as the orches, the quince-
feed, coltsfoot, linfeed, farfaparilla, &c.. Theconferve Of rofes is here peculiarly
“proper. It may either be put into the deco¢tion above prefcribed, or eaten by it-
_ felf. No benefit is to be expected from trifling doles of this medicine. ‘Tt feldom
proves of any fervice, unlefs three or!four ounces at Téaft are Ufed daily for a conii-
sdetable|time.. “In. this way I have feen it produce very happy’ effeéts, ‘and would
“-stecommend. it wherever there is a difcharge of blood from ‘the Jungs.” When the
odpitting up of grofs matter, oppreffiomof the breaft, and» the heétic fymptoms, fhew
that an impofthume:is formed in.the lungs, the Peruvian bark is the only drug’ which
has-any chance. to: counteract the general .tendency which the humours then have'to
sputrefation., An.ounce of it in powder may be divided into eighteen or twenty
dofes, of which one may be taken every. three hours through the day, ina little fy-
Fup, or a.eup of -horehound tea: We would-not recommend the bark while there.
are any fymptoms of an inflammation of the breafty but; when it is certainly known
= sesaicittadome collected there, itis one of the beft medicines which can be ufed. :
daw. patients: indeed have + efolution enough to give the bark a fair triat at this
period of the difeafe, otherwi ener eee ene might be
<= A NERVOUS, CONSUMPTION is awalting or decay of the whole body, -
-without any conliderable degree of fevet, cough, or difficulty of breathing. It is
attended. with indigeftion, weaknefs, and-want of appetite, é&c. Thofe whoare of
‘a fretful temper, who indulge in fpiritaous liquors, or who breathe an unwholefome
airy are moft liable to this difeafe. We would recommend, for the cure o ‘a ner a
“confumption, a Tight and nourifhing diet, plenty of exercife in a free open airy and
othe ufe of fuch ‘bitters‘as brace and ftrengthen the ftomachs as the Peruvias: ba

. ee

127

a

uf CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICUAN;

gentian root, camomile, horehound, &c. Thefe:may be infufed in water or wine,
and a glafs of it drunk frequently. Agrecable amufements, cheerful company, and
riding about, are preferable to all medicines in this difeafe. For which reafon, when
the patient can afford it, we would recommend a Jong journey of pleafure, as the
mott likely means to reftore his health.. What is called a fymptomatic confumption can-
‘not be cured without firft removing the difeafe by which it is occafioned, Thus,
‘when a confumption proceeds from the fcrophiula or king’s-evil, from the {curvy, the
afthma, the venereal difeafe, &c. adue attention muft be paid to the malady from
whence it arifes, and the regimén and medicine directed accordingly. Whenex-
ceflive evacuations of any kind occafion a confumption, they mutt not only be re-
Atrained, but the patient’s ftrength muft be reftored by gentle exercife, nourithing
diet, and generous cordials. Young and delicate mothers often fall into confump-
tions by giving fuck too long. Ass foon as they perceive their ftrength and appetite
begin to fail, they ought immediately to wean the child, or provide another nurfe,
otherwife they cannot expeét a cure.

Or tue SLOW or NERVOUS FEVER:

NERVOUS FEVERS may be occafioned by whatever depreffes the fpirits, or
impoverifhes the blood ; as grief, fear, anxiety, want of fleep, intenfe thought, living
On poor watery diet, unripe fruits, cucumbers, melons, mufhrooms, 8c. They may
‘likewife be occafioned by damp, confined, or unwholefome, air. Hence they are
‘very common in rainy feafons, and prove moft fatal to thofe who live in dirty, low,
houses, crowded ftreets, hofpitals, jails, or fuch-like places. Perfons whofe conftitu-
tions have been broken by exceflive venery, frequent falivations, too free an ufe of

purgative medicines, or any other exceflive evacuations, are very liable to this difeafe.

_ CURE.---The patient muft not be kept too low. His ftreneth and fpirits ought

__ tobe fupported by nourithing diet and cordials. For this purpofe his gruel, panada,
or whatever food he takes, muft be mixed with wine according as the fymptoms may
‘Yequire. Pretty {trong white-wine whey, or fmall negus, fharpened with the juice
of ors ge or lemon, will be proper for his ordinary drink. “Where a naufea, load,

and ficknefs at ftomach, prevail at the beginning of a fever, it will be neceffary to give
the patient a gentle vomit. Fifteen or twenty grains of ipecacuanha in fine powder
enerally anfwer this purpofe very well. This may be repeated any time before

the thitd or fourth day, if the above fymptoms continue. Vomits not only clean the
ftomach, but, by the general thock which they give, promote the perfpiration, and
have many other excellent effects in flow fevers, where there are no figns of inflamma-
tion, and nature wants roufing. Such as dare not venture upon a vornit, may clean the
bowels by a finall dofe of Turkey rhubarb, or infufion of fenna and manna. In all

fevers,

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 129

fevers, the great point is to regulate the fymptoms, fo as to prevent them from going
to either extreme. Thus, in fevers of the inflammatory kind, where the force of
the circulation is too great, or the blood denfe, and the fibres too rigid, bleeding and
other evacuations are neceffary. But, in nervous fevers, where nature flags, where
the blood is vapid and poor, and the folids relaxed, the lancet mutt be fpared, and
wine, with other cordials, plentifully adminiftered.. Though bleeding is generally
ace in this difeafe, yet bliftering is highly neceflany. Blifters may be applied
at all times of the fever with great advantage. If the patient is delirious, he ought
to be bliftered on the neck or head ; and it will be the fafeft courfe, while the infen-
fibility continues, as foon as the eee occafioned by one blifter abates, to apply
‘another to fome other part of the body, and by that.means keep upa continual fuc-
ceffion of them till he be out of danger. A miliary eruption fometimes breaks out
about the ninth or tenth day. As eruptions are often critical, great care fhould be
taken not to retard Nature’s operation in this particular. The eruption ought nei-
ther to bechecked by bleeding nor other evacuations, nor pufhed out by a hot
regimen; but the patient fhould be fupported by gentle cordials,as wine-whey, {mall
negus, fago-gruel with a Jittle wine in it, and, fuch like... He ought not to be kept
too warm; yet akindly breathing {weat fhould by no, means be checked. In, def-
‘perate cafes, where the hiccup and ftarting of the tendons have already come on, we
‘have fometimes feen extraordinary effects from large doles of mulk. frequently
‘repeated. Mutk is doubtlefs an antifpafmodic, and may be given to the quantity.of
a feruple three or four times a-day, or oftener if neceflary. Sometimes it may,be
‘proper to add to the musk a few grains of camphire, and falt of hartfhora, . as thele
tend to promote peripiration and the difcharge of urine, Thus, fifteen grains of
musk, with three grains of camphire, and fix grains of fale of harthorn, may. be
n ade € into a bolus with a little fyrup, and given as above. If the fever fhould inter- —
amit, which it frequently does toward the decline, or. if the patient” s ftrength fhould
‘be wafted with colliquative f fw ats, ‘&e. i it will k negeffary ss give h him the Peruvian
‘bark. alfa drachm, ora whole drachm if th ft 22 ) bear it, of the bark in
fine powder, may be given f ‘four or five times “ day, in a 2 glatsof red port or claret.
‘Should the bark in fubftance not fit eafy on the ftomach, an ounce of it in powder
may be infufed i ina bottle of Lifbon or Rhenifh wine, for two | or three fs 1 He
= wards i it may be firained, and a Bales pit t taken frequently. ee:

OF THE: MALIGNANT, PUTRID, on SPOTTED, FEVER

THIS fever i is -occafioned by i foul air, y a4 a number of people being con

ae a narrow place, no not pr erly v ventilated ; from putrid animal and
Auvia, Bcc. Hence it prevails in camps, jails, hofpitals, and infirmaries, efpec :
Li where =

34.

eo «=©0d CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

where fuch places are too much crowded, and cleanlinefs is negleéted.. -Putridy maz
lignant, or fpotted, fevers, are highly infectious; and are therefore often communie
‘cated by contagion. For which reafon all perfons ought to keep at a diftance ftom
thofe affected with fuch difeafes, unlefs their attendance is abfolutely neceffary. “Pye
trid fevers may be diftinguifhed from the inflammatory by the fmallnefs of the
pulfe, the great dejection of mind, the diffolved ftate of the blood, the petechiz, of
purple fpots, andthe putrid fmell of the excrements. ‘They may likewife be ‘dif!
tinguifhed from the low or nervous fever by the heat and thirft being gréatet, the
urine of a highercolour, and the lofs of ftrength, dejettion of mind, and all’ ‘the’
other fymptoms, more violent. +63
CURE..--- The duration of putrid fevers is extremely uncertain ; fometimes aby
terminate betwixt the feventh and fourteenth day, and at other times they are pro-
longed for fiveor.fix weeks. Their duration depends greatly upon the conftitution
of the patient, and the manner of treating the difeafe,; in which we ought to endea-
vour, as much as poffible, to counteraét the putrid tendency of the humours; to
- fupport the patient’s ftrength and fpirits; and toafMfift nature in expelling the caufe
of the difeafe, by gently promoting perfpiration and the other evacuations. Befides
the frequent admiffion of freth air, which is extremely neceffary, we would recom-
mend the ufe of vinegar, verjuice, juice of lemon, Seville orange, or any kind of
vegetable acid that can be moft readily obtained. Thefe ought frequently to be
{prinkled upon the floor, the bed, and every part of the room. The freth fkins of
lemons or oranges ought likewife to be Jaid in different parts of the room, and they
~ fhoula be frequently held to the patient’s nofe. The ufe of acids in this manner
would not only prove very refrefhing to the patient, but would likewife tend to pre-
vent the infeétion from fpreading among thofe who attend him. Strong-{cented
herbs, as rue, tanfy, rofemary, wormwood, &c. may likewife be laid in different
parts of the houfe, ‘and fmelled to by thofe who go near the patient. Tf: a, vomit
€ given at the beginning of this fever, it will hardly ever fail to havea good effet;
wut, if the fever has gone on for fome ‘days, and the fymptoms are violent, vomits
€ not fo fafe. The body ‘however is always to be kept gently open by clyfters,
Taxative medicines. Bleeding is feldom neceffary in putrid fevers. If there
nlammation, it may fometimes be permitted at the firft onfet; but
the repetition ‘of i ese rally proves hurtful. lifters are never to'be ufed unlefs in
the greatett extr remities If the petechize or fpots fhould fuddenly difappear, the
patient’s pulfe fink remar cably, and a delirium, with other bad fymptoms, come on,
bliftering may be permitted. In this cafe the’blifters are to be applied to the head,
and infide of the legs or thighs, | But, : as they are fometimes apt to occafion a gan-
— we would rather recommend warm. ‘cataplafin's of poultices ‘of ‘muaftard and
2 vinegar

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. “Y31

vinegar to be applied to the feet, having recourfe to blifters only in the utmoft ex-
tremities. It is common in the beginning of this fever to give the emetic tartar in
{mall dofes, repeated every fecond or third hour, till it fhall either vomit, purge, or
throw the patient into a fweat. This practice is very proper, provided it be not
puthed fo far as to weaken the patient. Inthe moft dangerous fpecies of this difeafe,
when it is attended with purple, livid, or black, fpots, Ee Peruvian bark fhould be
adminiftered , it muft not only be given’ in large dofes, but be duly perfifted in.
The beft method of adminiftering it is certainly in fubftance; but, for thofe who
cannot take it in fubftance, it may be infufedin wine. For preventing putrid fevers
we would recommend a ftri& regard to cleanlinefs, a dry fituation, fufficient exer-
cife in the open air; wholefome food, and a moderate ufe of generous liquors. | In-
fection ought above all things to be avoided. No conftitution is proof again{t ir;
and when a putrid fever feizes any perfon in a family, the greateft attention is necef-
fary to prevent the difeafe from fpreading. Anyone, who is apprehenfive of having
caught the infeétion, ought immediately to take a vomit, and to work it off by
drinking plentifully of camomile-tea. This may be repeated in a day or EWOs, if the
apprehenfions ftill continue, or any unfavourable fymptoms ape:

Or THE MILIARY FEVER,

“s0 called, from the fmall puftules or bladders which appear on the fkin, xeleus’
bling, i in fhape and fize, the feeds of millet. The puftules are either red or white,
and fometimes both are mixed together. It chiefly attacks the idle and the phieg-
matic, or perfons of a relaxed habit. The young and the aged are more liable to it
than thofe i ip the vigour and prime of life, It is. likewife. more incident to women
than men, efpecially the delicate and the indolent, who, neglecting exercife, keep
continually within doors, and live upon weak watery diet, Such females are: ex-
tremely liable to be feized with this difeafe in ‘childbed, and often lofe their lives by
it. When this is a primary. difeale, i it makes i its attack, like moft other eruptive
fevers, with a fight thivering, which is facceeded by. heat, ] lofs of ftrength, a low
quick pulfe, difficulty of breathing, with great anxiety and oppreffion « of the breaft;
and in child-bed women the milk generally goes away, and the other difcharges {top.. ,

CURE..---Sometimes the miliary fever approaches | towards a putrid nature, im

which cafe the patient’s ftrength 1 mutt be fup orted _¥ with generous cordials, joined.

with acids ; and, if the degree of p rrefcence be great, the Peruvian bark muft be

adminiftered. If the head be much affeéted, the body muft be kept open by emol-_
lient clyfters, If the food and drink be properly regulated, there will be Tietle
fion for medicine. ‘Where nature fags, and the eruption comes. and ¢ bes, EY.
be. neceflary to keep up a ftimulus, by a continual fucceffion’ of fmall bliftering

2 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

platters ; but we would not recommend above oneata time. If however the pulfe
fhould fink remarkably, the puftules fallin, and the head be affeéted, it will be ne.
ceflary to apply feveral blifters to the moft fenfible parts, as the infide of the legs
and thighs, &c. Bleeding is feldom neceffary in this difeafe, and fometimes it does
much hurt, as it weakens the patient, and deprefies his fpirits. If the difeafe proves
tedious, or the recovery flow, we would recommend the Peruvian bark, which may
either be taken in fubftance, or infufed in wine or water as the patient inclines.’ To
avoid this difeafe, a pure dry air, fufficient exercife, and wholefome food, are necef:
fary. Pregnant women fhould guard againtt coftivenefs, and take daily as much ex

ercife as they can bear, avoiding all green fruits, and other unwholefome things ;
and, when i in child: bed, they ought ftrictly to obferve a cool regimen.

Or tHe REMITTING FEVER.

THIS fever takes its name froma remiffion of the fymptoms, which oe
_ fometimes fooner, and fometimes later, but generally before the eighth day. The
_remiffion is commonly preceded bya gentle fweat, after which the patient feems
greatly relieved, but ina few hours the fever returns. Thefe remiffions return at
very irregular periods, and are fometimes of longer, fometimes of fhorter, duration ;
the nearer however that the fever approaches to a regular intermittent, the danger is
thelefs. They are moft frequent in clofe calm weather, efpecially after rainy fea-
fons, reat inundations, or the like. No age, fex, or conftitution, is exempted
from the attack of this fever: but it chiefly feizes perfons of a relaxed habit, who
live in low dirty habitations, breathe an impure ftagnated air, take little exercife,
and ufe unwholefome diet. The firft {ymptoms of this fever are pains and giddinefs
in the head, with alternate fits of heat and cold. The pulfe is fometimes a little
hard, but feldom full, and the blood, when let, rarely fhews any figns of inflamma-
tion. In order to cure this fever, endeavours fhould be ufed to bring ittoa regular
- Intermi ion. This intention may be promoted by bleeding, if there be any figns
mmiation ; but, when that is not the cafe, bleeding ought by no means to be
tec |, as it will weaken the patient, and prolong the difeafe, A vomit how-
I feldom be i improper, and is generally of great fervice. Twenty or thirty
acuanha will anfwer this purpofe very well ; but, where it can be ab-
ul rather recommend a grainor two of emetic tartar, with five or fix
-Uar anl ha, to be made i into a draught, and given fora vomit. This may

be repeated once or twic at proper intervals, if the ficknefs or naufea continues. —
The bodyought: to bekepe openeither by clifters or gentle laxatives, as weak in-
fufions of fenna and m anna mall dofes of the lenitive electuary, cream of tartar,

tamarinds, fiewed prunes, or the like; but all ftrong « or draftic urgatives are, er
avo

~

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY,; 133)

avoided. - By this:courfe the fever in a few days may generally be brought to a pretty
regular or diftin& intermiffion, in which cafe, the Peruvian bark may be adminitter- ,
ed, and it will feldom fail to perfeét the cure:

BE ei THE SMALL ber as ah

THE feel a is commonly caught by infection, Since the difeafe was firit
brought from Arabiainto Europe, the infection has never been wholly extinguifhed ;
nor have any, proper-methods been taken for that purpole; fo that now it has be-
come in.a manner,conftitutional. Children who have over-heated themfelves by
running, wreftling, &c. or adults after a debauch, are moft apt to be feized with the
{mall-pox. , The difeafe is fo generally known, that a minute defcription of it is.
- unneceffary. Children commonly loek dull, feem liftlefs and drowly, fora few days,
before the more violent fymptoms of the’ {mall-pox appear. They are likewife
more inclined to drink than vfual, have little appetite for folid food, complain of
wearinefs, and, upon taking exercife, are apt to {weat. Thefe are fucceded by flight
fits of heat and cold in turns, which, as the time of the eruption approaches, become
more violent, and are accompanied with pains of the head and.loins, vomiting, 8c,
The pulfe is quick, with a great heat of the fkin, and reftleffnefs.. When the. patient
drops afleep, he wakes in a kind of horror, witha fudden ftart, which is a very.com-:
mon fymptom of the approaching eruption; ‘as are alfo convulfion-fits in very.
young children. “The moft favourable fymptoms are a flow eruption, and an abate-;
ment of the fever as foon as the puftules appear. Ina mild diftiné kind of fmall-
pox, the puftules feldom appear before the fourth day from the time of fickening,
and they generally keep coming out gradually for feveral days after. Puftules
_ which are diftiné, with a florid red bafis, and which fill with thick purulent Pm
ter, firft of a whitifh, and afterwards of a yellowifh, colour, are the beft. [tis a
moft unfavourable fymptom when petechiz, or purple, brown, or black, fpots, are
interfperfed among the puftules. Thefe are figns of a putrid diffolution of the blood,
and fhew the danger to be very great. . Bloody ftools,,. or urine, with a {welled belly,
are bad fymptoms ; as is alfo a continual ftranguary. Pale. urine and a violent throb-
bing of the arteries of the neck are figns of an approaching delirium, or of convul-
fion-fits. When the face does not {well, or falls before the pock.comes to maturity,
it is very unfavourable. If the face begins to fall.about the eleventh or twelfth
day, and at the fame time the hands and feet begin to fwell, the patient generally
does well; but, when thefe do not facceed to exch ater, there is a reafon to appre-
hend danger. ay HES use

CURE..--All that is pte Sey dines heefaptive fever, is to se: the patient
cool and eafy, allowing nee sas freely of fome weak diluting. Hoses og

> 35, Mn PEt ae

4 «= CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

baum-tea, barley-water, clear whey, gruels, 8c. Much mifchief is done at, this
period by confining the patient to his bed, and plying him with.warm cordials or.
fudorific medicines. Every thing that heats and inflames the blood increafes the
fever, and pufhes out the puftules:prematurely. ‘This has)numberlefs ill effeéts,
It not only increafes the number of puftules, but likewife tends to make them run
into one another; and, when they have been pufhed out with too great violence,
they generally fall in before they come to maturity. The food ought to be very
light, and of a cooling nature, as panada, or bread boiled with equal quantities of
milk and water, good apples roafted or boiled with milk, and {weetened with. a little
fugar or fuch like. The moft dangerous period of this difeafe is what we. call
the fecondary fever. This generally comes on when the pock begins to: blacken
or turn on the face, and moft of thofe who die of the fmall-pox are carried off
by this fever. Nature generally attempts, at the turn of the fmall-pox, to relieve
the patient by loofe ftools. Her endeavours this way are by no means to be
counteracted, but promoted ; and the patient at the fame time fupported by food _
and drink of a nourifhing and cordial nature. If, at the approach of the fecondary
fever, the pulfe be very quick, hard, and ftrong, the heat intenfe, and the breathing
laborious, with other fymptoms of an inflammation of the breaft, the patient muft
immediately be bled, The quantity of blood to be let muft be regulated by the
patient’s ftrength, age, and urgency of the fymptoms. But, in the fecondary
fever, if the patient | be faintith, the puftules. become fuddenly pale, and if there be.
great, coldnefs of the extremities, blifters. muft be applied, and the patient muft be
with generous cordials, Wine and even fpirits have fometimes been.
given in fuch cafes with amazing fuceefs. It is generally neceflary, after the fmall-
pox is gone off, to purge the patient. 1f however the body has been open through
the whole courfe of the diieafe, or if butter-milk and other things of an opening na-
ture have been drunk freely after the height of the fmall-pox, purging becomes
lefs neceffary ; but it ought never wholly to be negleéted. For very young. ' chil-
dre en, an infufion of inne and prunes, with a little rhubarb, may be fweetened with
7 coarfe fugar, and given in {mall quantities till it operates. “Those who are farther
ivan ed muft take medicines of a fharper nature. For example, a child of five -
fix years of age may take eight or ten grains of. fine rhubarb in powder over
nt, and the fame quantity of jalap in powder next morning. This may be
th fre h broth or water gruel, and may be repeated three or four
r fixdays - intervening betwixt each dofe. ‘For children further ad-
vanced, and adults, the dofe muft be increafed i in proportion to the age and contti-
tution. When acougl “i difficulty of breathing, or other fymptoms of a con-

fumption, fucceed to the fmall-pox, the patient mutt be fent toa place where the air
‘is

“AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 135
is good, and put upon a courfe of affes milk, with fuch other treatment as hath
already been directed in confumptions. ,

OF -INOCULATITION.

~ THIS falutary invention, which is the only effectual means of ftopping the ravages
of this difeafe, has been known in Europe above half a century; yet, like molt
other ufeful difcoveries, it has, till of late, made but flow progrefs. No difcovery
can be of general utility, while the practice of it is kept in the hands of afew. The
fears, the jealoufies, the prejudices, and the oppofite interefts, of the faculty, are,
and ever will be, the moft effectual obftacles to the progrefs of any falutary difco-
very. “Hence it is that the praétice of inoculation never became, in any meafure,
general, even in England, till taken up by men not bred to phyfic. Thefe have
not only rendered the practice more extenfive, but likewife more fafe, and, by acting
under lefs reftraint than the regular practitioners, have taught them that the patient’s
Sreateft danger arofe, not from the want of medical care, but from the exce/s of it,
The prefent method of inoculating in Britain, is to make two or three flanting inci-
fions in the arm, fo fuperficial as not to pierce quite through the fkin, with a lancet _
wet with frefh matter taken from a ripe puftule; afterwards the wounds are clofed
up, and left without any drefling, Some make ufé of a lancet covered with the dry
matter; but this is lefs certain, and ought never to be ufed unlefs where frefh mat-
ter cannot be obtained: when this is the cafe, the matter ought to be moiftened
by holding the lancet for fome time in the fteam of warm water. We do not find.
that inoculation is at all confidered as a medical operation in foreign countries. In:
Turkey, whence we learned it, it is performed by the women, and in the Eaft Indies:
by the ‘brachmins or priefts. In this country, the cuftom, though ftill in its in-
fancy, ‘has been praétifed by numbers of the common people with aftonifhing fuc-
cefs and; as the fmal]-pox is now become an epidemical difeafe in moft parts of
the known world, there feems no other choice left, but to render the malady as mild
as poflible. It is a matter of finall confequence, whether a diftate be entirely
extirpated, or rendered {0 mild as neither to deltroy life nor hure the conftitution 5
and that this may be done by inoculation, does not now admit of adoubt. The
numbers who die under inoculation hardly deferve to. be named. In the natural
way, one in four or five generally dies; but by inoculation not one of a thoufand, N ay,
fome can boatt of having inoculated ten thoufand without the lofs of a fingle patient.
Phe moft proper age for inoculating children is betwixt three and five. Thole
who have conftitutional difeafes may neverthelefs be inoculated; it will often:
mend the habit of body; but ought to be performed at a time when they are moit
healthy. “Accidental difeafes thould always be removed before inoculation. It is:
ai m general ly.

136 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

generally thought neceffary to regulate the diet for fome time before the difeafe be
‘communicated. In ‘children, however, great alteration in diet is feldom neceffary,
their food being commonly of the moft fimple and wholefome kind, as mil ik, water.
gruel, weak broths, bread,-light pudding, mild roots, and white meats. We would
recommend no other medicinal preparation than two or three mild purges, which
ought to be fuitec to the age and ftrength of the patient. The fuccefs of inoculae
tors does not depend on the preparation of their patients, but on their management.
ef them while under the difeafe. Their conftant care fhould be to keep them cool,
and their bodies gently open, by which means the fever is kept low, and the eruption.
greatly lefened. The danger is feldom great when the puftules are few; and their.
number i is generally in proportion to the fever which precedes and attends the erup-
tion. Hence the chief fecret of inoculation confifts in regulating the eruptive fever,
which generally may be kept fufficiently low by the methods mentioned above.
The regimen during the difeafe is in all refpects the fame as under the natural fmall-
pox. The patient muit be kept cool, his diet fhould be light, and bis drink weak
and diluting, &c. Should any bad fymptom appear, which is feldom the cafe, they
mutt be treated i in the fame way as directed in the natural {mall-pox. Purging is
not lefs neceffary after the fmall-pox by inoculation than in the natural way, and
ought my: no means to be neglected,

fi Ge (fue "MEA SEES:

_ THIS difeafe, like the {mall-pox, proceeds from infeétion, and is more or lefs dan-
gerous according, to the conftitution of the patient, the feafon of the year, the cli-,
mate, &c. It is ufually preceded by a fhort cough, a heavinefs of the head and eyes,
drowfinefs, and a running at the nofe. There is an inflammation and heat in the
eyes, with a defluxion of fharp tears, vomiting, and great acutenefs of fen{ation,
- fo that the patient cannot bear the light without pain. About the fourth day, fmall

fpots, refembling flea-bites, appear, firft upon the face, then upon the brealt, and
afterwards on the extremities: thefe may be diftinguifhed from the fmall-pox by
h \ it {carcely rifing above the fkin. The fever, cough, and difficulty of breathing,
“inftead of being removed by the eruption, as in the {mall-pox, are rather increafed ;
miting generally | ceafes. About the fixth or feventh day from the time
the meafles begin to turn pale on the face, and afterwards upon the
3 j the ninth day they entirely difappear. Such as die of the ‘meafles
generally ¢ expire z out the ninth day from the invafion, and are commonly carried off
by inflammation of the lungs. The moft favourable fymptoms are, a moderate
loofeneis, a moitt fkin, and a plentiful difcharge of urine. When the eruption 1 fud-

denly falls in, and the Patient is feized with a delirium, he is in the greateft bre

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY, 137,

If the meatles turn too foon of a pale colour, it is an unfavourable fymptom, as are
alfo great weaknefs, yomiting, reftleffnefs, and difficulty of fwallowing. Purple or
black fpots appearing among the meafles are very unfavourable. When a conti-
nual cough, with hoarfenefs, fucceeds the difeafe, there i is reafon to fafpect an ap-
proaching confumption of the lungs.

_~CURE..---Our bufinefg in this difeate is is to affift ethane by. proper cordials in
throwing out the morbific matter, if her efforts be too languid; but when they are
too violent they muft be retrained by evacuations, and cool diluting liquors, &c.
We ought likewife to endeavour to appeafe the moft urgent fymptoms, as the
cough, teftleffnefs, and difficulty of breathing. A cool regimen is neceffary here
as well as in the {mall-pox. The food too muft be light, and. the drink diluting,
The moft fuitable liquors are decoctions of liquorice with marfh-mallow roots and
farfaparilla, infufions of linfeed, or of the flowers of elder, balm-tea, clarified whey,
barley- -water, and fuch like. Bleeding is commonly neceffary, particularly when —
the fever runs high, with difficulty of breathing, and great oppreffion of the breaft.
But, if the difeafe be of a mild kind, bleeding may be omitted. If at the turn of
the difeafe the fever affumes new vigour, and there appears great danger of fuffoca-
tion, bleeding mutt be. repeated according to the: patient’s ftrength, and blifters mutt
be applied, with a view to prevent the load from being thrown on the lungs, where
if an inflammation fhould fix itfelf, the patient’s life will be in imminent danger. In

cafe the meafles fhould fuddenly difappear, the patient n mult be fupported with wine
and cordi Is. ‘Blitters mutt be applied to the legs and arms, ‘and the body rubbed.

allover ‘with warm flannels. ‘Should a cough, with difficulty of breathing, and

other fymptoms of a confumption, remain after the meafles, finall quantities of
blood may be'frequently let at proper intervals, as the patient’s ftrength and contti-
tution will permit. Ore ought likewife to drink affes milk, to remove toa free air,

and ¢ to ride daily on horfeback.
ox THE SCARLET FEVER: © :

Hit illed from ‘the cbibar of the ents fkin, which ap-.

“THE fearlet: fever is fo call
pears as if it were tinged with red. wine. ‘lt begins, like other fevers, with coldnefs..

and fhivering, without any yiolent ficknefs. Afterwards the skin is covered with ,
red fpots, which are broader, more florid, and lefs uniform, than the meafles. They
continue two or three days, and then atest rg after which thecuticle, or fcarf- he?

falls 7S aia, so
‘CURE. ---There i is ; feldom any occafion’ for ‘medicine in this difeafe, unlefs it i is:
attended with putrid or malignant | fymptoms, in which cafe it is always dan; ia

the j patient is then not only affected with coldnefs ‘and fhivering, bur with Janguo 7
35- Nu ficknefs,

i

8 0=|—- CULPEPER’s, ENGLISH! PHY SICYAN;

ficknefs; and great oppreffion-; to thefe fuccéed excefiive ‘heat, nauféa; and’! ‘vont
ing, with a forenefs of ‘the'throat ; the pulfe is extremely quick; but {mall and dé
prefied: the breathing frequent and Jaborious ;/ the skin hot, but ‘not quite d¥yy
the tongue moift, and covered with a whitifh mucus ; the tonfils inflamed and ‘ul-
cerated. When the eruption appears, it brings no relief: on the contrary, the
fymptoms generally grow -worfe, and_ freth ones come on, as purging, delirium,
&c. “Should thisdiféafe be miftaken for a fimple inflammation, and. treated with
repeated bleedings, purging and ‘cooling medicines, as is fornetimes the’ cafe, it ge-
nerally proves fatal. The only medicines that can be depended on are’ cordials arid
antifeptics, as the Peruvian bark, wine, {nake-root, and the like. The treatment
-maft be in general fimilar to that of the putrid cpt or of the malignant alcerous
fore throat." ERR ES fie

Sat ee OOP lente BEE EOU SS PE Vi ER,

a CONTINUAL remitting or intermitting fever, accompanied with a copi-
‘ous evacuation of bile, either by vomit or ftool, is denominated Jikous. It generally
makes i its appearance about the end of fummer, and ceafes towards the approach
of winter, Ati is moft fatal i in warm countries, ef{pecially where the foil is marthy,
and when great Tains are fucceeded by fultry heats. ‘Thofe who work without HUE
and are expofed to the night air, are moft liable to this kind of fever.

CURE, ---If there are fymptoms of inflammation, it will be neceffary to ‘bleed,

and to. purthe patient upon. cool diluting. regimen, recommended in. the inf mma-
‘tory fever. Saline draughts may likewife be frequently adminiftered, and. the. pa
tient? s body kept open by clyfters or mild purgatives. But, if the fever fhould. remit
or intermit, bleeding will feldom be neceffary. In this cafe a vomit may be. admini-
ftered, and, if the body be bound, a gentle purge; after which the Peruvian. bark
: will generally complete the cure. +4

Or THE ERY¥-S IPELAS, or Sr. ANTHONY’s PIRES

: IE eryfipelas may be occafioned by violent paffions or affections. of the
pe : fear, anger, &c. When the body has been heated. toa great degree, and
nedi: ely expofed to the colda air, fo that the perfpiration i is fuddenly checked,

; often enfue. It may alfo be occafioned by drinking to excefs, by
too long i 5 in a warm bath, or by any thing that over-heats_ the blood... If

atural evacuations be obftruéted, or in too finall quantity, it may caule

an eryfipelas. hell ose will follow from the ftoppage of artificial evacua-
‘tions ; as iffues, fetons, or the like. The diforder comes on_ with. fhivering; thirft,

| lof of ftrength,. pain in the head and | back, heat, reltlefiness, and a quick p atid
| Ww

*

/AND; FAMILY: DISPENSATORY: >> bei

which may be. added vomiting,-and fomietimes a-delirium, On the fecond, third; o¢
fourth, .day, the part-fwells, becomes red,-and fimall puftules appear > at which
time the fever generally abates.. “When the eryfipelas is large, deep, and affects a
very fenfible part of the body, the danger.is great. If the red colour changes into
a livid or black, it will-end in.a mortification, Sometimes the inflammation Ccan-
not be difcuffed, but comes. to a {uppuration ; in which cafe fiftulas, a gangrene, ot
mortification, often enfue. . Such as die of this difeafe are commonly carried off by
the fever, which is attended with difficulty of breathing, and fometimes with ade-
lirium and great drowfinefs. They generally die about the feventh or eighth day, .
__CURE..--In this complaint much mifchief is often done by medicines, efpecially
by external applications ; whereas the principal object fhould be to. promote per-
fpiration, which hasa great tendency to carry off the difeafe. It is common to bleed
in the eryfipelas; but this likewife requires caution. If however the fever be high,
the pulfe hard and ftrong, and the patient vigorous, it will be proper to bleed; but
the quantity muft be regulated by thefe circumftances, and the operation repeated
as the fymptoms may require. If the patient has been accuftomed to flrong liquors,
and the-difeafe attacks his head, bleeding is abfolutely neceffary. Bathing the feet
atid legs. frequently in lukewarm water, when the difeafe attacks the face or brain,
has an excellent effe&. It tends to make a derivation from the head, and feldom
fails to relieve the patient. When bathing proves ineffectual, poultices, or fharp
| finapifms, may be applied to the foles of the feet for the fame purpofe. In cafes
where bleeding is requifite, it is likewife neceffary to keep the body open. This
may be effected by emollient clyfters, or fmall dofes of nitre and rhubarb. — Some
indeed recommend very large dofes of nitre in the eryfipelas ; but nitte feldom fits
eafy on the ftomach when taken in large dofes. It is however one of the beft me-
dicines‘when the fever and inflammation run high. Half a drachm of it, with four
or five grains of rhubarb, may be taken in the patient’s ordinary drink, four times a
- day., When the eryfipelas feizes the head, fo as to occafion a delirium orftupor, blif-
ters muft be applied to the neck, or behind the ears, and fharp cataplafms laid to the
foles of the feet. In what is commonly called the feorbultic eryfipelas, which con-
tinues for a confiderable time, it will only be neceffary to give gentle laxatives, and
ake things as purify the blood, and promote the perfpiration. And, after the in-
flammation has been checked by opening medicines, the decoction of woods and

: bitter herbs may. be drunk, as recommended for this difeafe in the Herbal. ‘ ne ;

ci ‘THE fymptoms which ufually precede a true inflammation of the brain, are pain

of the head, rednefs of the eyes, a Violent flufhing of the face, diftyrbed Mleep, or a total

wo CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICHAN,

want of it, great-drinefs-of the skin, coftivenefs, a retention of urine, a fmall.drop,.
_ ping of blood:-from the nofe, finging of the ears, and extreme fenfibility of the nery~ ~
ous fyftem. When the, brain itfelf is inflamed, the pulfe is always foft and low;
bur, when the inflammation only affects the integuments of the brain, viz. the dura
and pia mater, it is hard. 19) 2

~CURE..---As this difeafe often proves iietah in a few days, it requires the. al
fpéedy applications. When it is prolonged, or improperly treated, it fometimes ends.
in madnefs, or a kind of ftupidicy which continues for life. . Two things,are chiefly
to be attended to, in the cure, viz. to lefien the quantity of blood in the brain, . and,
to retard the circulation towards the head. Nothing more certainly relieves the Ho S
tient than a free difcharge of blood from the nofe. When. this comes of itso
accord, it is by no means-to be ftopped, but rather promoted, by applying cloths ph
ped ity -warm' water to the part. When bleeding at the nofe does not happen fponta,
neoufly, it may be provoked by putting a ftraw, or any other tharp body, up
the noftril. Bleeding in the temporal arteries greatly relieves the head :, but, as
this ‘operation cannot always be performed, we would recommend in its ftead bleed-
_ jfg’in'the jugular-veins. When the patient’s pulfe and fpirits are fo low, that he
cannot bear bleeding with the lancet, leeches may be applied to the temples. ‘Thefe
not’ ofily draw off the blood more gradually, but, by being applied nearer to the part
affected, generally give more immediate relief. If the inflammation of the brain be
_ occafioned by the ftoppage of evacuations either natural or artificial, as the menfes,
- iffves, fetons, or fuch like, all means mutt be ufed to reftore them as foon'as poffible,
or to fubftitute others in their ftead. The patient’s body muft be kept open by
ftimulating clyfters or fmart purges ; and fmall quantities of nitre ought frequently
to’be’ mixed with his drink. Two or three drachms, or more, if the cafe be dan-
gerous, may be ufed in the {pace of twenty-four hours. If the difeafe proves abftis.
nate, and does not yield to the: andes it will be beeetines to apply @ Aha
pa eS iF Bho 3 sayy Sst ai <picaddelpal wr bp

hee: Tae
Pony THE ‘INFLA M MATION OF THE EYES.

STEEG dioider i iguttendadwithecue pain, leit rednefs, and fwellinger-The
atient i “not able to bear the light, and fometimes he feels a pricking | pain, as if
hive € pierced with athorn. The pulfe is generally quick and hard, with
fome’ fever: When the difeafe is violent, the neighbouring parts fwell,
and there is kexbhets i or pulfation in the temporal arteries, &c. A flight inflam-
mation of the eyes, efpecially’ from an external caufe, is eafily cured ; but, when the
difeafe is violent, and continues long, it often mean iets erent: Py
os eaiegs Rapley eR BETA ‘s
sac! 3 3 CUR

~ ae

appear red 5

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 140

CURE---The patient muft abftain from every thing of a heating nature. His
food fhould confift chiefly of mild vegetables, weak broths, and gruels.. His drink
may be barley-water, balm-tea, common whey, and fuch like. Bleeding, in a violent
inflammation of the eyes, is always neceffary. . This fhould be performed as near
the part affected as poffible. An adult may lofe ten or twelves ounces of blood from,
the jugular vein, and the operation may be repeated according to the urgency of
thefymptoms. If it fhould not be convenient to bleed in the neck, the fame quan-
tity may be let from the arm, or any other part of the body. Leeches are often
applied to the temples, or under the eyes, with good effect, The wounds mutt be
fuffered to bleed for fome hours, and, if the bleeding {top foon, it may be promoted
by the application of cloths dipt in warm water. In obftinate cafes, it will be ne-
ceflary to repeat this-operation feveral times. Opening and diluting medicines are
by no means to be neglected ; but, if the inflammation does not yield to thefe evacu-
ations, blifters muft be applied to the temples, behind the ears, or upon the neck,
and kept open for fome time. I have feldom known thefe, if long enough kept
open, fail to remove the moft obftinate inflammation of the eyes; but, for chis pur-
pofe, it is often neceffary to continue the difcharge for feveral weeks, Thofe who
are liable to frequent returns of this difeafe, ought conftantly to have an iffue in one
or both arms, or a feton cut betwixt the fhoulders. Bleeding, or purging, in. the
{pring and autumn will be very beneficial to fuch perfons. Sho ,

Or tz QUINSEY, on INFLAMMATORY SORE THROAT. _

THIS difeafe is frequently attended with great danger. When the inflammation
comes on, the parts appear red and {welled; the patient complains of pain in
{wallowing ; his pulfe is quick and hard, with other fymptoms of a fever. If blood
be let, it is generally covered with a tough coat of a whitifh colour, and the patient
{pits a tough phlegm. As the {welling and inflammation encreafe, the breathing
and {wallowing become more difficult; the pain affects the ears ; the eyes generally
and the face wells. When the breathing is laborious, with ftraight- —
-hefs of the breaft, and anxiety, the danger is great. “Though the pain in {wallowing
be very great, yet, while the patient breathes eafy, there is not fo much danger.
“An external {welling is no unfavourable fymptom ; but, if ic fuddenly falls, andthe.
difeafe affects the breaft, the danger is very great. When a quinfey is the confe-
quence of fome other difeafe, which has already weakened the patient, his fituation;
is dangerous. A frothing at the mouth, and a fwelled tongue, a pale ghaftly coun-,
tenance, and coldnefs of the extremities, are fatal fymptoms. 1 teeewaee

CURE.---It is peculiarly necefflary that the neck be kept warm ; for which, ur

pofe feveral folds of foft flannel may be wrapt round it. The jelly of black cur- :
apts is a medicine very much in efteem for complaints of the throat ; and indeed it
35. Oo ie Is

es ae

i

4 CULPEPER?s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

is of fomeule... Itfhhouldbealmoft conftantly kept inthemouth, and fwallowed down
leifurely.: 1t may likewife be mixed in the patient’s drink, or taken any other way,
When. it cannot be obtained, the jelly of red currants, or of mulberries, may be
ufed in its ftead. Gargles are alfo very beneficial: they may be made of. fage-tea,
with alittle vinegar and honey; and may be ufed three or four times a-day ; and,
if the patient be troubled with tough vifcid phlegm, the gargle may be rendered
more fharp and cleanfing by adding to it a teafpoon-full of {pirit of fal ammoniac.
There is no difeafe wherein the benefit of bathing the feet and legs in lukewarm
water is more apparent: that practice ought therefore never to be neglected, If
the inflammation be violent, it wil) be proper, as foon as the fymptoms appear, to
bleed in the arm, or rather in the jugular vein, and to repeat the operation if cir-
cumftances require. The body thould likewife be kept gently open. This may
‘be done by giving the patient for hisordinary drink a deco¢tion of figs and tamarinds,.-
or fmall dofes of rhubarb and nitre. Good effects are often produced from a bit of
fal prunel, or purified-nitre, held in the mouth, and fwallowed down as it melts.
‘This promotes the difcharge of faliva, by which means it anfwers the end of a gar-
sk while at the fame time it abates the fever, by promoting the difcharge of urine,
. Bliftering upon the neck or behind the ears, in violent inflammations of the
~ ye is very beneficial ; and in bad cafes it will be neceflary to laya bliftering-
plafter quite acrofs the throat, fo as to reach from ear to ear. After the platters
are taken off, the parts ought to be kept running by the application of iffue oint-
‘ment, till the inflammation is gone; otherwife, upon their drying up, the patient
‘will be in danger of a relapfe, When a difficulty of {wallowing is ‘not attended
‘with an acute pain or inflammation, it only requires that the part be kept warm,
_ and the throat frequently gargled with fomething that may gently ftimulate_the
Glands, as a decoétion of figs with vinegar and honey; to which may be adds -da
dittle muftard, or a fmall quantity of fpirits. But this gargle. is never.to, be uled
where “there are figns of an inflammation. Thofe who are fubject to-inflammations
of th throat, i in-orderto avoid that difeafe, ought to live temperate. Such as.do
tichu fe to obferve thisrule muft have frequent recourfe to purging and other
racuations, ait eee the foie fips humours. ‘They ought likewife to be-

2 I * ANT on PUTRID ULCEROUS SORE THROAT.

THIS i Is evidently a Son teeions diftemper, and is generally communicated by in-
- fection. Whole families, and even entire villages, often receive the infection from

one perfon, ~ a mr pecsinck putrid or malignane fevers may a

- AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. |

14g"

occafion the putrid ulcerous fore throat, as unwholefome air, damaged provifions,
neglect of cleanlinefS, &c. It begins with alternate fits of fhivering and heat. > The

pulfe is quick, but low and unequal, and generally continues fo through the w

hole

courfe of the difeafé.- The tongue is white, and generally moift, which diftinguithes
this from an inflammatory difeafe.. Upon looking into the throat, it appears fwelled,
and-of a florid red colour. Pale or ath coloured fpots, however, are here and there

inter{perfed, ‘and fometimes one broad’ patch or fpot, of an irregular figure,

and

pale white colour, furrounded with florid red, only appears. Thefe whitith fpots
‘or floughs cover fo many ulcers. The putrid ulcerous fore throat may be diftin-
guifhed from the inflammatory by the vomiting and loofenef$ with which itis gene
rally ufhiered in; the foul ulcers’ in the throat covered with a white or livid coat’;
and by the exceffive weaknefs of the patient ; with other fymptoms of a putrid fever.

*-CURE..---The treatment in this kind of fore throat is entirely different from
“which is proper in the inflammatory. All evacuations, as bleeding, purging,
which weaken the patient, muft be avoided. Cooling medicines, as nitre

that
‘&e.

and

cream of tartar, are likewife hurtful. Strengthening cordials alone can be? ufed
with fafety; and thefe ought never to be negleéted. “If, at the beginning, there is
2 great naufea, or inclination to vomit, the patient muft drink an’ infufion of green

tea, camomile flowers, or carduus benedidtus, in order to cleanfethe'ftomach.

af.

thefe are not fufficient, he may take a few grains of the powder of ipecacuanha, ‘Gr «
any other gentle vomit. If the difeafe is mild, the throat may be gargled with an

‘nfufion of fage and rofe leaves, toa gill of which may be added a {poonful or

two

‘of honey, and as much vinegar as will make it agreeably acid ; but, when the fymip-
“toms are urgent, it will be of a great benefit if the patient frequently receives into his
‘mouth, through an'inverted funnel, the ftreams of warm vinegar, myrth, and honey.
“But, when the putrid'fymptomis run high, and the difeafe is attended with danger,
thé only medicine that can be depended upon is the Peruvian bark. It may be
“taken in fubftance, if the patient’s ftomach will bear it. If not, amounce of bark
“grofsly” powdered, with two drachms of Virginian fnake-root, ‘may be boiled in a
‘pint and a half of water to half a pint; to which-a tea-fpoonful of the elixir of vi-
“triol may be added, and an ordinary tea-cupful of it taken every three or. four
hours. Blifters are very beneficial in this difeafe, efpecially when the patient’s pulfe
-and fpirits are low. They may be applied to the throat, behind the ears, or upon

the back part of the neck. Ifa a difcharge of blood from the nofe happens, | _
fteams of warm vinegar may be received up the noftrils frequently ; and the drin
‘mutt be fharpened with fpirits of vitriol, or tinéture of rofes. In cafe of a ftrangu-
“ary, the belly muft Be fomented with warm water, and emollient clyfters given

the

three or fourtimes a-day. After the violence of the difeafeis over, the body fhould

“till be kept open with mild purgatives ; as manna, fenna, rhubarb, or the like.
2

4. CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Or COLDS ann COUGHS.

COLDS are the effect of an obftructed perfpiration ; and almott every cold j isa
kind of fever, which only differs in degree from .fome of thofe that have already
‘been treated of. No age, fex, orconftitution, is exempted from this difeafe; nei- —
ther is it inthe powerof any medicine or regimen to prevent it. The inhabitants
of every climate areliable to catch cold, nor can even the greateft circumfpeGion ©
defend them at all times from its attacks. Indeed, if the human body could be
kept conftantly in an uniform degree of warmth, fuch a thing as catching cold
would be impoffible: but, as that cannot be effected by any means, the perfpiration
muft be liable to many changes. When oppreffion of the breaft, a ftuffing of ‘the
nofe, unvfual wearinefs, pain of the head, &c. give ground to believe that the: per~
{piration is obftructed, or, in other words, that the perfon has caught cold, he
ought immediately to leffen his diet, at leaft the ufual quantity of his folid food,
and to abftain from all {trong liquors. Would people facrifice a little time to eafe
and warmth, and practife a moderate degree of abftinence when the firft fymptoms
of acold appear, we have reafon to believe, that moft of the bad effects which flow
from an obftructed perfpiration might be prevented. But, after the difeafe has
gathered ftrength by delay, all attempts to remove it often prove vain. A pleurify,
a peripneumony, ora fatal confumption of the lungs, are often the effects-of com-
mon colds; notwithftanding people affect to treat them with fo much indifference
and neglect, merely becaufe they are only colds. Hence it is, that colds deftroy
fuch numbers of mankind. Like an enemy defpifed, they gather ftrength from
delay, till, at length, they become invincible. It is certain, however, that colds may
be too much indulged. When aperfon, for every Might cold, fhuts himfelf up in
a warm room, fwallows medicine, ané drinks great quantities of warm liquor, it
-may occafion fuch a general relaxation of the folids as will not be eafily removed.
Bathing the feet in warm water, lyingin bed, and drinking warm water-gruel, or
other weak liquors, will fooner take off a {pafm, and reftore the perfpiration, than
all the hot fudorific medicines in the world. This is all that is neceflary for remov-

ing acommon cold ; and, if this courfe be taken at the beginning, it will feldom
ae 3 he fymptoms do not yield to abftinence, warmth, and diluting liquors,
there is rea! n 10 fear the approach of fome ‘other difeafe, as an inflammation of the
breaft, an ardent feyer, or the like, and the patient fhould then be treated accord-

et of preventing colds liesin avoiding as far as poffible, all
extremes either of heat or cold, and i in taking care, when the body i is heated, to
let it coal eraclually,. .

ae

Os-

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 145

Or a COMMON COUGH.

A COUGH is generally the effect of a cold, which has either been improperly
treated, or entirely neglected. When it proves obftinate, there is always reafon to
fear the confequences, as this fhewsa weak ftate of thelungs, and is often the
forerunnner of a confumption. If the cough be violent, and the patient young and
ftrong, with a hard quick pulfe, bleeding will be proper ; but, in weak and relaxed
habits, bleeding rather prolongs the difeafe. When the patient {pits freely, bleed-
ing is unneceflary, and fometimes hurtful, as it tends to leffen that difcharge,
When acough is occafioned by acrid humours tickling the throat and fauces, the

) patient fhould keep fome foft pectoral lozenges almoft conftantly in his mouth ; as
the Pontefract liquorice cakes, barley-fugar, the common balfamic lozenges, Spa-
nith juice, 8cc. Thefe blunt the acrimony of the humours, and, by taking off

- their ftimulating quality, help to appeafe the cough. In obftinate coughs, proceed-
ing from a flux of humours upon the lungs, it will often be neceffary, befides ex-
pectorating medicines, to have recourfe,to iffues, fetons, or fome other drain. In
this cafe I have often obferved the moft happy effects from a Burgundy-pitch |
platter applied between the fhoulders. About the bulk of anutmeg of Burgundy-
pitch may befpread thin upon a piece of foft leather, about the fize of the hand,
and laid between the fhoulder-blades. It may be taken off and wiped every three

or four days; and ought to be renewed once a fortnight or three weeks. This is,
indeed, a cheap and fimple medicine, and confequently apt to be defpifed ; but we
will venture to affirm, that the whole materia medica does not afford an application

more efficacious in almoft every kind of cough. It has not, indeed, always an im-
mediate effect ; but, if kept on for fome time, it will fucceed where moft other
medicines fail. But coughs proceed from many other caufes befides defluxions
upon the Jungs. ‘In thefe cafes the cure is no& to be attempted by pectoral medi-

cines. Thus, in a cough proceeding from a foulnefs and debility of the ftomach,
fyrups, oils, mucilages, and all kinds of balfamic medicines, do hurt. The ftomach

cough may be known from one that is owing to a fault in the Tangs by this, that
in the latter the patient coughs — he infpires, or draws in his breath fully;
ut in the former that does not happen. pres

a he a cure of this cough depends chiefly upon cleanfing and ftrength-
1 fe gentle vomits and bitter purgatives are moft

ening the ftomach ; for which purpo sare | pote wt > aaa
proper. Thus, after avomit or two, the fated tingkure, 36 fs called, may be
taken for aconfiderable time in the dofe of one or two table-fpoonfuls twice a-day,
or as often as itis found neceffary, to Keep the body gently open. People may
‘make this tin@ture themfelves, by infufing an ounce of hiera picra in “s _~
lih int of white-wine, letting it ftand a few days, and then ftraining it. In
a F py coughs

35-

46 CULPEPER’S ENGLISH, PH¥SICLAN,

coughs which proceed from a debility of the ftomach, the Peruvian, bark: is: like,
wile of confiderable fervice. It may either be chewed, taken in powder, .or,,made
intoa tincture along with other ftomachic bitters. A nervous cough can only bere
moved by change of air and proper exercile, Immerfing the feet and hands. in
warm water will often appeafe the violence of a nervous cough. When a cough
is only the fymptom of fome other malady, itis in vain to attempt to remove it
without firft curing the difeafe from which it proceeds. Thus, when a cough i is
occafioned by teething, keeping the body open, {carifying the gums,, Or whatever
facilitates the cutting of the teeth, likewife appeates the cough. In. like manner,
when worms occafion acough, fuch medicines. as remoye thefe vermin will generally

cure the cough ; as bitter purgatives, oily clyfters, and fuch like. Women, ‘dor.
ing the laft months of pregnancy, are often greatly afflicted with a cough, which j is
generally relieved by bleeding and keeping the body open. They ought to av oid
all flatulent food, and to wear a loofe eafy drefs. ie: seg

/ OF THE WHOOPING or CHIN COUGH.

“THIS cough feldom affects adults, but proves often fatal to children. ‘whal
ever hurts the digeftion, obltructs the perfpiration, or relaxes the folids, difpofes to
thisdifeate -confequently i its cure muft depend upon cleanfing and ftrengthening
the ftomach, bracing the folids,, and, : at the fame time, promoting perfpiration i
| the di different fecretions,

_CURE.---One of the moft effectual remedies i in: re chin- cough is change of a air,
This often removes the malady, even when the change feems to be from a purer
to alefs. wholefome air. T his may in fome meafure depend on the patient’s being
moved from the place where the infection prevails. Moft of the diftafes. of-chil-
dren ¢ are infectious ; nor.is it atall uncommon to find the chin-cough prevailing
in one town or village, when another, ata very {mall diftance, is. quite free from
it ss whatever be the. caufe, we are fre. of the faé&t. No time OneDE: therefore

: of an inflammation of the lungs, a fecond, or even a third,
© Fequifite - Vomits not only cleanfe. the ftomach, which in this
ly loadec baich. vifcid phlegm, but they likewife promote the per-

ipiration and other. Secretions 5, and. euBhE therefore to be ssf according ¢ sha

AAND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. M7

the obftinacy of the difeafe. “They fhould not be trong; gentle vomits Frequently
_ tepeated arélefs dangerous, and more beneficial, than {trong ones. Many people
believe that oily, pectoral, and balfamic, medicines poffefs wonderful virtues for
the cure of thechin-cough, and accordingly exhibit them plentifully to patients
ofevery age and conftitution, without confidering that every thing of this nature
muft load the ftomach, hurt the digeftion, and of courfe aggravate the diforder.
The millepedes, or woodlice, are greatly recommended for the cure of a chin-cough.

- Thofe, whochufe to make ufe of thefe infe&ts, may infufe two ounces of them
bruifed in an Englifh pint of fmall white-wine for one night. Afterwards the
liquor may be ftrained through a cloth, and a table fpoonful of it given to the
patient three or four times a-day. Opiates are fometimes neceffary to allay the vio-
lence of the cough. For this purpofe a little of the fyrup of poppies, or five,
fix, or feven, drops of laudanum, according to the age of the patient, may be
taken in acupof hyffop or penny-royal-tea, and repeated occafionally. The gar-
lic ointment is a well-known remedy in North-Britain for the chin-cough. It is
made by beating in a mortar garlic with an equal quantity of hogs lard... With this |
the foles of the feet may be rubbed twice or thrice a-day; but the beft method is
to {pread i jt upon a rag, and apply it in the form of a plafter. It fhould be renew-
ed every night and morning at leatt, as the garlic foon lofes its virtue. This is
ah’ exceeding good medicine both in the chin-cough and in moft other ebbBhs of
an-obftinate nature. It ought not, however, to be ufed when the patient is’ very hot
or feverith, left it fhould increafe thefe fymptoms. —

INFLAMMATION OF THE STOMACH.

RN inflammation of the ftomach may proceed from any of the caufes which pro-
duce ao inflammatory fever; as cold liquor drunk while the-body is warm, obitruc-
ted’ ‘perfpiration, or the fuddenftriking 1 in of any eruption. It is attended with a fixed
“pain and burning heat in the ftomach ; great reftleffnefs and anxiety ;. afmall, quick,
‘and hard, pulfe; vomiting, or, at leaft, a naufea and ficknefs ; -exceflive thirft ; cold-
nets of the extremities 5 difficulty of breathing; cold clammy fwveats s and fometimes
convulfions and fainting fits. The ftomach is fwelled, and often feels hard to the
touch. - One of the-moft certain figns of this difeafe is the fenfe of pain,. which the
patient feels upon taking any, kind of food or mages efpecially if it be either ooh.

or too cold.

~ CURE.---All acrimonious, heating: sik tailings food and drink are carefully oe

to be avoided. — of te he weaknels of the patient may deceive the by-ftanders, “and: in
duce them to give him wines, fpirits, or other cordials; but thefe never fail t to
jhcreafe the difeafe, and often occafion fudden: death. The inclination to yom!

48 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

may likewife impofe on the attendants, and make them think a vomit neceflaty;
but that too is almoft certain death. Bleeding is abfolutely neceffary, and is almoft
the only thing that can be depended on. When the difeafe proves obftinate, it will
- often be proper to repeat this operation feveral times, nor muft the low ftate of the
pulfe deter us from doing fo. The pulfe indeed generally rifes upon bleeding, and,
as long as that is the cafe, the operation is fafe. Frequent fomentations with
lukewarm water, or a decoction of emollient vegetables, as recommended in the
Herbal, are likewife beneficial. Flannel cloths dipped in thefe muft be applied |
to the region of the {tomach, and removed as they grow cool. In this, and a}! other
inflammations of the bowels, an epifpaftic, or bliftering-plaifter, applied over the
part affected, is one of the beft remedies known. The only internal medicines
which can with fafety be recommended are mild clyfters. Thefe may be made of
warm water, or thin water-gruel ; and, if the patient is coftive, a little {weet oil,
honey, or manna, may be added. Clyfters anfwer the purpofe of an internal fo-
mentation, while they keep the body open, and at the fame time nourifh the patient,
. whois often, inthis difeafe, unabieto retain any food upon his ftomach. For thefe
reafons they muft not be neglected, as the patient's life may depend on them:

INFLAMMATION of tue INTESTINES,

THIS is one of the moft painful and dangerous difeafes that mankind is lia-
ble to. It generally proceeds from the fame caufes as the inflammation of the
ftomach ; to which may be added coftivenefs, worms, eating unripe fruits, or great
quantities of nuts, drinking hard windy malt liquors, as ftale bottled beer or ale,
four wine, cyder, &c. The inflammation of the inteftines is denominated iliac
paffion, enteritis, &c. according to the name of the parts affeéted. The treatment
however is nearly the fame, whatever part of the inteftinal canal be the feat of the
difeafe. The fymptoms are nearly the fame as in the foregoing difeafe; only the
Pain, if poffible, i is more acute, and is fituated lower. The vomiting is likewife
e viole: ometimes even theexcrements, together with the clyfters and
8, ate difcharged by the mouth. While the pain fhifts, and the vomit-

only-returns at certain intervals, and while the clyfters pafs downwards, there
iv gelled oii but, when the clyfters and fztces are vomited, and the patient is
exceeding weak, with alow fluttering pulfe, a pale countenance, and a difagreeable
or itinking breath, there is great reafon to fear that the confequences will prove fa-
tal. Clammy fweats, black foetid ftools, with a fmall intermitting pulfe, and a
total ceflation of | pass, are e figns of a mortification already begun, a and of approaching

death.
CURE..---Bleeding; in this as well as in fie snbvateiiateat oF the flomach, i. is of

the greateft importance. It —— be pained, as foon as the fymptoms appear,
and

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. | 9
and muit be repeated according to the ftrength of the patient and the violence of
the difeafe. A. blifter is likewife to be applied immediately over the part where the
mott violent pain is. . This not only relieves the pain of the. bowels, but even
clyfters and. purgative medicines, which before had no effect, will operate Sahin the
blifter begins to rife. The patient’s feet and legs fhould frequently be bathed in
warm water, and cloths dipped in it applied to his belly. Bladders filled with
| warm, water may likewife be applied to the region of the navel, and warm bricks, or
bottles filled with warm water, to the folesof the feet. If the difeafe does not
yield to.clyfters and fomentations, recourfe muft be had to pretty trong purgatives ;
but, as thefe, by irritating the bowels, often increafe their contraction, and by that
means fruftrate their own intention, it will be neceflary to join them with opiates,
which, by allaying the pain, and relaxing the fpafmodic contractions of the guts,
- greatly affift the operation of purgatives in this.cafe. What anfwers the purpofe of
opening the body very well, isa folution of the bitter purging falts.. Two.ounces
of thefe may be diffolved in an Englith pint of warm water, or thin gruel, anda

tea-cupful of it taken every half-hour till it operates.. At the fame time fifteen, |

twenty, or twenty-five, drops of laudanum may be given ina glafs of pepper-mint
or fimple cinnamon-water, to appeafe the irritation, and prevent the vomiting, dc.
But it often happens that no liquid whatever will ftay on the. ftomach, In this
cafe, the patient mutt take purging pills. .I have .generally found the follow-

ing anfwer very well: Take jalap in powder, and yvitriolated tartar, of each
half a drachm ; opium.one grain ; Caftilefoap as much as will make the mais fic
for pills. Thefe muft be taken at one. dofe; and, if they do not operate in a few
hours, the, dofe may be repeated, It a ftool cannot be procured by any of the
above means, it will be neceffary to immerfe the patient in warm water up to the
breaft. This often fucceeds when. other means have been tried in vain. The pas
tient mutt continue in the water as longashe caneafily bear it without fainting ; and,

ifone immerfion has not the defired effect, it may be repeated as foon as the pa-

tient’s ftrength and fpirits are recruited. Ie is more fafe for him to go frequently
into the bath than to.continue too long at a time,s..and itisjoften neceflary, to repeat
it feveral times before it has the defired effect, In defperatecafes.it is common to

-&

give quickfilver. This may be given to the quantity of feveral ounces, or even a

pound, but should not exceed that. ‘When there is reafon to fufpect a morti
of the guts, this medicine ought not to be tried. In that cafe it cannot cure hells
tient, and willonly, haften his death. But, when the obftruction i is occafioned ay

any caufe that can. be removed by force, quickfilver is not only a proper med CINE, e
: but the beft that can be adminiftered, as it is the fitteft body we know for aki ig

Qa 7 os ~

150 CULPEPER’s’ EN'GLYS H- PHYSICIAN,

Or THE. CHOLIC.- lois svoig. bloga

THE cholic has‘a great refemblance to the two preceding difeafes, both in “its
‘fymptoms and method of cure. It is generally attended with coftivenefs and acute
pain of the bowels; and - requires diluting diet, evacuations, fomentations, &c.
Cholics are varioufly denominated, according to their caufes, as the leer: the
bilious, the hyfteric, the nervous, &c. a

-CURE.---When the difeafe proceeds from windy liquor, green fruit, four oe)
or the like, the beft medicine on the firft appearance of the fymptoms is a dram of
brandy, gin, or any good {pirits. The patient fhould likewife fic with his feet upon
a warm hearth-ftone, or apply warm bricks to them; and warm cloths may be ap-
plied to the ftomach and bowels. This is the only cholic wherein ardent {pirits,
fpiceries, or any thing of a hot nature, may be ventured upon. Nor ‘indeed are
they to be ufed here unlefs at the very beginning, before any fymptoms of inflam-
mation appear. The biliouscholic is attended with very acute pains about the re-
gion of the navel, The patient complains of great thirft, and is generally coftive.
He vomits a hot, bitter, yellow-coloured, bile, which, being difcharged, feems to
afford fome relief, but is quickly followed by the fame violent pain as before. As
the diftemper advances, the propenfity to vomit fometimes increafes fo as to become

_almoft continual, and:the proper motion of the inteftines is fo far perverted, that
there are all the fymptoms of an impending iliac paffion. If the patient be young ©
and ftrong, andthe pulfe full and frequent, it will be proper to bleed, after which
clyfters may be adminiftered. Clear whey or gruel, fharpened’ with the juice’o:
lemon, or cream of tartar, muft be drunk freely : it will be necéffary likewife “to
foment the belly with cloths dipped in warm water; and, if this fhould not fucceed;
the patient muft be immerfed up to the breaft in warm water. In the bilious choli¢,
the vomiting is often very difficult to reflrain. “When this happens, ‘the patient
may drink a decoction of toafted bread, or an infufion of garden-mint in boiling
water. Such as are liable to frequent returns of the bilious cholic fhould ufeflefh
| pa ah and’live chiefly upon’a light vegetable diet. They fhould likewile take
x ently a dofe of cream of tartar with tamarinds, or any other cool acid purge.
1¢ hyfteric cholic bears a great refemblance’ to the bilious. Ir is attended with

‘pains’ about the region of the ftomach, vomiting, &c, But what the patient

this cafe is commonly of a greenith colour. There is a great finking of

the fpiits-with Gjection of mind and’ difficulty of breathing, which are the cha-

_ paétériftic fymptoms of this diforder. Sometimes it is accompanied with the jaun-
dice; but this generally goes off of its own accord in.a few days. In this cholic

all eee. as bleeding, purging, vomiting, 8&c. do hurt. Every thing that
3 weakens

AND, FAMILY: DISPENSATORY: 151

~ weakens re patient, or finks the fpirits, is to be avoided. _ If however the vomiting ©

fhould prove violent, lukewarm water, or {mall poffet; may be drunk, to cleanfe the
ftomach. Afterwards the patient may take fifteen, twenty, or twenty-five, drops of
liquid laudanum ina glafs of cinnamon-water, This may be repeated every ten or ‘
twelve hours till the fymptoms abate. The nervous cholic prevails among miners,
{melters of lead, plumbers, the manufacturers of white lead, &c. It is very com-
mon in the cyder counties of England, and is fuppofed to be occafioned by the lea-
den veffels.uled i in preparing that liquor.. No difeafe of the bowels is attended with
more excruciating pain than this. Nor is it foon at anend. I have known it con-
tinue eight or ten days with very little intermiffion, the body all the while continuing
bound in.{pite of medicine, yet at length yield, and the patient recover. It generally.
however leaves the. patient weak, and often ends in a palfy. The general treat.

ment of this difeafe is the fame with that of the iliac paffion; or inflammation of the:
bowels, sit ¢

INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNIES:

"THIS difeate may proceed from any of thofe caufes which produce an inflamma.
tory fever. Itmay likewife be occafioned by wounds or bruifes of the kidnies ; fmall:
ftones or. gravel lodging within them; by hard riding or walking, efpecially in hot:
weather; or whatever. drives the blood too forcibly into the kidnies may aesanom
this malady.

CURE..--Every thing of a heating or ftimulating nature is to be avoided. Emo.
lient and.thin liquors muft be plentifully drunk; as clear whey, or baum-tea fweet->
ened with honey, decoétions of marfh-mallow roots, with barley and liquorice, 8c.
Bleeding is generally neceffary, efpecially at the beginning. . Ten or twelve ounces
may. be Jet from the arm or foot; and, if the pain and inflammation continue, the
operation may be. repeated in twenty-four hours, efpecially if the. patient be of a

fullhabit. Leeches may likewife be applied to the hemorrhoidal veins, as a dif.
charge from thefe will greatly relieve the patient. Cloths dipped in warm water,
or bladders filled with it, muft be applied as near as poffible to the part affected, and
renewed as they grow cool. If the bladders be filled with a decoction of mallows
and camomile flowers, to which a little faffron is added, and mixed with about 4
third part of new milk, it will be ftill more beneficial. . Emollient cly{ters-ought,
frequently to be adminiftered; and, if thefe do not open the, body, a little falt and,
honey or manna may be added to them. ~The fame courfe is to be followed where;
gravelor a {tone is lodged in the kidney; but, when the gravel or ftone. is, feparated,
from the kidney,, and lodges i in the ureter, it will be proper, befides the. fomenta-,

fweet oil, and to give gentle diuretics, aS je:
tions, to rub the fmall of the back with wW a

yp’ CULPEPER. ‘ENGLISH. PHYSICIAN,

niper- water fweetened with the fy rup of marth-mallows; a tea-{poonful of the {weet

fpirits of nitre, with a few drops of Jaudanpm, may now and then ‘be put in acup
‘of the patient’s drink.“ He onght likewile to take. exercife on horfeback « or ina car.
rage if he be able to bear it. :

INFLAMMATION or THe BLADDER.

THE Stamuation of the bladder proceeds, in a gteat meafure, from the fame
caufes as that of the kidnjes. It is known by an acute pain cowards the bottom of
the belly, and difficulty of pafling urine, with fome degree of fever, a conftant in-
clination to goto ftool, and a perpetual defire to make water. This difeafe mutt be
treated on the fame principles as the one immediately preceding, The patient thould
abftain : from every thing that is of a hor, acrid, and ftimylating, quality, and fhould

live entirely. upon fmall broths, gruels, or mild yegetables. But-a ftoppage of urine
may proceed from other caufes befides an inflammation of the bladder; asa {welling

of the haemorrhoidal veins, hard faeces in the rectum; a {tone in the bladder ; excre-
fcences in the urinary paflages, a palfy of the bladder, hyfteric affections, &c. In
all which cafes, mild.and gentle applications are the fafeit; {trong diuretic medicines,
or things ¢ of an irritating nature, generally increafe.the danger. ‘1 have known fome
perfons kill themfelves by introducing probes into the urinary paflages, to remove,
“as they thought, fomewhat that obftruéted the difcharge of urine; and others bring
On a violent inflammation of the bladder, by ubng ftrong diuretics, as a of turpen-
" Une, c, for that purpole,

INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER. a he a8

) THIS Niliate 3 is known by a painful tenfion of the right fide under the falfe tiby,
_ attended with fome degree of fever, a fenfe of weight, or fulnefsof the part, difficul-

ty of breathing, loathing of food, great thirft, with a pale or yellowifh colour of the
_ fkin and eyes. This difeafe, if properly treated, is feldom mortal, If it ends ina
_foppuration, and the matter cannot be difcharged outwardly, the danger is then
great. 3 When the fcirshus of the liver enfues, rhe patient, if he obferves a proper re-
| gimen, may neverthelefs live a number of years; but, if he indulge in animal food
and Ganess, or Seis medicines of -an-acrid or aebesting 2 nature, the fcirrhus

i fe * : things are to be carefully avoided, and cool diluting ial! as
8c, drunk freely. . The food muft be light and thin, and the

body, as well asthe mind. Seipiiaay and quiet, Bleeding is proper at the beginnings
and it will often ye neceffar |

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 153
it. All violent purgatives are tobe avoided; the body however muft be kept gent-
ly open. A decoétion of tamarinds, with a little honey or manna, will anfwer this
purpofe very well. The fide affected muft be fomented in the manner direéted in
the foregoing difeafes. Mild laxative clyfters fhould be frequently adminiftered ;
and, if the pain fhould notwithftanding continue violent, a bliftering-plafter may
be applied over the part affected. Medicines which promote the fecretion Of urine
have a very good effect here, For this purpofe, half a drachm of purified nitre, or
a tea-{poonful of the {weet fpirits of nitre, may be taken in acup of the patient's
drink three or four times a-day. All inflammations of the vifcera muft in general
be treated upon the fame principles as thofe already mentioned. The chief rule,

~ with refpect to all of them, is to let blood, to avoid every thing that is ftrong, or of
a heating nature, to apply warm fomentations to the part affected, and to caufe the
patient to drink a fufficient quantity of warm diluting liquors.

Or rue CHOLERA MORBUS,

: THE cholera morbus is a violent purging and vomiting, attended with gripes,
ficknefs, and a conftant defire to goto ftool. It comes on fuddenly, and is moft
common in autumn. There is hardly any difeafe that kills more quickly than this,
when proper means are not ufed in due time for removing it. Ir is generally pre-
ceded by the heart-burn, four belchings, and flatulences, with pain of the ftomach
‘andinteftines, Tothefe fucceed exceffive vomiting, and purging of green, yellow,
or blackith, coloured bile, with a diftention of the ftomach, and violent griping
pains, There is likewife a great thirft, with a very quick unequal pulfe, and often
a fixed acute pain about the region of the navel. As the difeafe advances, the pulfe
Often finks fo low.as.to become quite imperceptible, the éxtremities grow cold, or
cramped, and are-often covered with a clatnmy fweat ; the urine is obftructed, and
there is a palpitation of the heart. Violent hiecup, fainting, and convulfions, are
*the figns of approaching death. = ioe ant a oR
- CURE.---At the beginning of this difeafe, the efforts of nature to expel the of-
fending caufe thould be affifted, by promoting the purging and vomiting. For
this purpofe the patient muft drink freely of diluting liquors; as whey, butter-
milk, warm water, thin water-gruel, {mall poffet, or, what! is perhaps preferable co
any of them, very weak chicken broth. This thould not only. be drunk plentifully
to promote the vomiting, but aclyfter of it given every hour in order to promote
the purging. Warm negus, or ftrong wine whey, will likewife be neceffary to
fapport the patient's fpirits,/and promote peffpiration.’ His legs fhould. be bath
in.warm water, and afterwards rubbed with flannel cloths, or wrapped in warm

< 36. Rr warm

154 CULPEPER's ‘ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

warm fpirituous fomentations fhould likewife be applied to the region of af fto. ;
mach. .'When-the violence of the difeafe is over,: to prevent a relapfe,. it, will be
neceffary, for fome time, to continue the ufe of {mall dofes of laudanum. Ten or
twelve drops may be taken in a glafs of wine, at leaft ‘twice a- “day, for eight or ten
days. The patient’s food’ ought to be nourifhing, ‘but taken in {mall quantities,
and he fhould ufé moderate exercife. As the ftomach and inteftines are generally
much weakened, an’ infufion of the bark, or bitter herbs, i in {mall wine, fharpend
with the elixir of vitriol, may be drunk for fome time.

| tie’

Or A DIARRH@A, OR LOOSENESS,

A LOOSENESS, in many cafes, is not to be confidered as adifeate, ‘but rather
asa falutary evacuation. It ought therefore never to be ftopped unlefs when i it con-
‘tinues too long, or evidently weakens the patient.

CURE..---A loofenels, occafioned by the obftruction of any eulgran evacia-
tion, generally requires bleeding. If that does not fi ucceed, other evacuations may
_ be fubftituted i in the'toom of thofe ‘which ate obftruéted. At the fame’ time, every

method is to be taken to reftore the -ufual difcharges, as not only the cure of the
difeafe, but the patient’s life, may depend on this, A diarrhoea, or loofénefs, which
proceeds from violent paffions or affections of the mind, muft be treated with ‘the
reateft caution. -Vomits in this cafe Are highly improper, Nor’ are purges fafe,
-unlefs they be very mild, and given in fmall quantities. Opiates, and- other anti-
fpafmodic medicines, aré mote ‘proper. Ten or twelve drops of liquid laudanum
may be taken ina cup of valerian or penny-royal tea, every eight or ten hours, till
the fymptoms abate, Eafe, cheerfulnefs, and tranquility of mind, are here of the
greateft i Importance. When aloofenefs proceeds from acrid or poifonous fubftances
_ taken into the ftomach, the patient muft drink large quantities of diluting liquors,
-with oil or fat broths, to promote vomiting and purging. Afterwards, if there. be
-Feafon to fufpedt that the bowels are inflamed, bleeding will be neceffary. Small
dofes of Jaudanum may li Jikewife be taken to remove their i irritation. Fre rom. what-
ever caufea loofenefs. proceeds, when it is found neceffary to check it, the diet ought
| ‘= t ofri rice e boiled with milk, and flavoured ‘with cinnamon; rf rice-jelly 5 ; fago,
with red port; and meat Peat The drink ee be thin

DF v a M 1 Hi r ING. ana iS ign

ee e = F Si] oy etia five as aA
Let ang arious ‘caufes, as as. i “eat
. the” actimony of the alir

AND - FAMILY DISPENSATORY: 155

morbific matter of ulcers, of the gout, the eryfipelas, or other difeafes, to the {to-
mach and bowels. {

CURE. --- When vomiting proceeds from a Foul ftomach or indigeftion, it is not
to be confidered as a difeate, but as the cure of a difeafe.. It ought therefore to be
promoted by drinking lukewarm water, or thin gruel. . If this. does not put a ftop
to the vomiting, a dofe of ipecacuanha may be taken, and worked off with weak
camomile-tea, - If vomiting proceeds from weaknefs of the {tomach, bitters will be
of fervice. - Peruvian bark infufed in wine or brandy, with as much rhubarb as will
keep the. body gently open; is an excellent medicine in this, cafe, The elixir of
vitriol is’ alfo a good medicine; it may be taken in. the dofe of fifteen or twenty
_ drops, twice or thrice a day, in a-glafs of wine or water: © Habitual: vomitings, are
fometimes ‘alleviated, by making oyfters a principal part of diet. A vomiting,
which proceeds from acidities in the ftomach, is relieved by alkaline purges. The
beft medicine of this kind is the magnefia alba, a tea-fpoonful of which may be
taken in a difh of tea or a little ‘milk, three or four times a-day, or oftener if necef-
fary, to keep the body open. . I have always found the faline draughts, taken in che
act of effervefcence, of fingular ufe in ftopping a vomiting, from whatever caufe it
proceeded. Thefe may be prepared by diffolving a drachm of the falt of tartar inan
ounce. and a half of frefh lemon juice, and adding to it an ounce of peppermint-water,
- the fame quantity of fimple cinnamon-water, and a little white fugar. This draught
_mutt be fi wallowed before the effervefcence is quite over, and may be seapais every
two hours, or * oftener, if the YoBMRInE be violent. , ;

Op gue DIABETES.

aa diabetes, ‘the urine generally exceeds in quantity all the liquid. food which
the | patient 2 ke Se a (3 is thin and.pale,. of. a fweetith taite, and an agreeable {mell.
ent ha sac continual thirft,, with fome degree of fever; his mouth i is dry, and
he ‘pit frequently a ‘frothy fpittle.,. . The ftrength fails, the appetite decays, and the
~ flefh wattes away | till, the patient is s reduced to fkin and bone. There i is a heat of the
“bowels: 3 and frequently the Toins, tefticles, and: feet, are fwelled. ?

3 but, after it has

“pied long, ‘the cure becomes very difficult. Every thing ok ftimulates the
urinary paflages,: or tends to. relax the habit, mut be avoided. For this reafon the
‘patient fhould live chiefly on folid food. His thirft may be quenched with acids;
as forrel, juice of lemon, or vinegar. “The nucilaginous vegetables, as rice, fago, |
=e with milk, are the moft proper food. Of animal fubftances, fhell-fifh —
preferred; as oyfters, crabs, 8cc. The drink may be Briftol-waters, when

he Seis. 2 ed, i ime-water, in which a due Proportion of oak- be ; been

136 ‘CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

been macetated, may be ufed. The patient ought daily to take exercife, but it thould
be fo gentle as not to fatigue him. He fhould lie upon a hard bed or mattrefs; no.
thing hurts the kidnies more than lying too foft. Gentle purges, if the patient be
not too much weakened by the difeafe, have a good effect. They may confift of
. rhubarb, with cardamum feeds, or any other fpiceries, infufed in wine, and may be

taken in fuch quantity as to keep the body gently open. The patient muft next have
~ yecourfe to aftringents and corroborants, Half a drachm of powder, made of equal
parts of alum and the infpiffated juice commonly called terra japonica, may be taken
four times a-day, or oftener, if the ftomach will bear it; otherwife, Peruvian bark
fteeped in red wine. | Opiates are of fervice in this difeafe, even though the patient
refts well. They take off {pafm and irritation, and at the fame time leffen the force

of the circulation, Ten ortwelve drops of liquid laudanum may be taken ina sae
of the patient’s drink three or four times a-day.

Or a SUPPRESSION or URINE,

A SUPPRESSION of urine may proceed from various caufes; as an ae
_ tion of the-kidnies or bladder, {mall ftones or gravel lodging in the urinary paf-
- fages, hard faeces lying in the rectum, pregnancy, a fpafm or contraction of the
heck of the bladder, clotted blood in the bladder itfelf, a focling et ssa hamor-
‘rhoidal veins, &c,

CURE..--We would chiefly recommend, in all obitrubtions of urine, iy wn
tions and evacuants, Bleeding, as far as the patient’s ftrength will permit, is necef-
fary, efpecially where there are fymptoms of topical inflammation. Bleeding in this

cafe not only abates the fever, by leflening the force of the circulation, but, by re-
~ Taxing the folids, it takes off the fpafm or ftticture upon the vefiels which occafioned

the obftru€tion. After bleeding, fomentations muft be ufed. “Thefe may either

confift of warm water alone, or of decoétions of mild vegetables; as mallows, ca-
momile flowers, and fuch other herbs as are recomimended in the Herbal. Cloths
‘dipped in thefe may either be applied to the part affected, or a'large bladder filled
with the deco¢tion may be kept continually upon it. Perfons fubjeét to a fappref-
fion of urine ought to live very temperate. Their diet fhould be light, and their
liquor diluting. They fhould avoid all acids and auftere wines, fhould overt gh
exercif me Seng and avout ftudy and, fedentary occupations. Jide

(Or tHe GRAVEL AND STONE.

“THEE lone and grave may be occafioned ‘by-high living’ the'ufe of flroigsa
tringent wines; a fedenta

~ conftant ufe of water impregnated with earthy or ftony particles; aliments of an

y life; lying too hot; foft, or too-muchion the backs the

we

aftringent

~~

fei 3
AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY.. | © «157

aftringent or windy nature, &c. It may likewife proceed from an hereditary difpofi-
tion. Perfons in the decline -of life, and thofe who have been much afflicted with
the gout or rheumatifm, are moft liable to it.
~ CURE.---Perfons afflicted with the gravel or ftone fhould avoid aliments of a
windy or heating nature, as falt meats, four fruits, &c. Their diet ought chiefly to
confift of fuch things as tend to promote the fecretion.of urine, and to keep the body
open. Artichokes, afparagus, fpinnage, lettuce, parfley, fuccory, purflane, turnips,
potatoes, carrots, and raddifhes, may be fafely eaten. Onions, leeks, andcellery, are,
in this cafe, reckoned medicinal: The moft proper drinks are whey, butter-milk,
milk and water, barley-water; deco¢tions or infufions of the roots of marfh-mal-
‘lows, parfley, liquorice, or of other mild mucilaginous vegetables, as linfeed, lime-
tree buds or leaves, &c: If the patient has been accuftomed to generous liquors, he
may drink fmall gin-punch without acid. In what is called a fit of the gravel,
which is commonly occafioned by a ftone fticking in the ureter or fome part of the
urinary paffages, the patient muft be bled ; warm fomentations fhould likewife be
applied to the part affected, emollient clyfters adminiftered, and diluting mucilagi-
nous liquors drunk, 8c. The treatment in this cafe muft be the fame as pointed -
out for an inflammation of the kidnies and bladder, &c. Patients who are fubject
to frequent fits of gravel in the kidnies, but have no ftone in the bladder, are advifed
‘to drink every. morning, two or three hours before breakfaft, an Englifh pint of oyf-
ter or cockle-fhell lime-water; for, though this quantity might be too {mall to have
. any fenfible effect in diffolving a ftone in the bladder, yet it may very probably pre-
> vent its growth. When a ftone is formed in the bladder, Alicant foap, and oyfter or
“eockle-thell lime-water may be taken in the following manner: the patient mutt
vallow every ‘day, in any form that is leaft difagreeable, an ounce of the internal
part of Alicant foap, and drink three or four Englith pints of oyfter or cockle-fhell
Jime-water. The foap i is to be divided into three dofes; the largeft ‘to be taken
‘fatting i in ‘the morning early; the fecond at noon; and the third at feven in the even-
_ ing, drinking, with each dofe a large draught of the lime-waters the remainder of
which he may take any time betwixt dinner and fupper, inftead ‘of other liquors.
The cauftic alkali, or foap-lees, is the medicine chiefly in vogue at prefent for the
ftone. It may be prepared by mixing two parts of quick-lime with one of pot-athes, 3
and fuffering them ‘to ftand till the lixiviunt be: formed, which muft be carefully
filtrated before it be ufed. If the folution does not happen readily, a fmall quantity
of water may be added tothe mixture. The patient mutt begin with {mall dofes of
the Tees, as thirty or forty drops, and increafe by degrees, as faras the ftomach will
— | | ‘eo er

8 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Or INVOLUNTARY DISCHARGES or BLOOD, |

INVOLUNTARY difcharges of blood are fo far from being always dangerous,
that they prove often falutary. When fuch difcharges are critical, which is fre-,
quently the cafe in fevers, they ought not tobe ftopped. Nor indeed is it proper at
any time to ftop them, unlefs they be fo greatas to endanger the patient’s life.
Mott people, afraid of the fmalleft difcharge of blood from any part of the body,
fly immediately to the ufe of ftyptic and aftringent medicines, by which means an
inflammation of the brain, or fome other fatal difeafe, is occafioned, which, had the
difcharge been allowed to goon, might have been prevented. Periodical difcharges
of blood, from whatever part of the body they proceed, muft not be ftopped.
They are always the efforts of nature to relieve herfelf ; and fatal difeafes have often
been the confequence of obftruéting them. It may indeed be fometimes neceffary
to check the violence of fuch difcharges; but even this requires the greateft cau-
tion. Intheearly period of life, bleeding at the nofe is very common. Thofe
who are farther advanced in years are more liable to bemoptoe, or difcharges of
blood from the lungs. After the middle period of life, hemorrhoidal fluxes are
‘moft common ; and, in the decline of life, difcharges of blood from the urinary
paffages. Bleeding at the nofe, to perfons who abound with blood, is very falutary.
‘Tt often cures a vertigo, the head-ach, a phrenzy, and even an epilepfy. In fevers,
_where there is a great determination of blood towards the head it is of the utmoft
fervice. It is likewife beneficial in inhammations of the liver and fpleen, and often
jn the goutandrheumatifm. In all difeafes where bleeding is neceffary, a fponta-
- neous difcharge of blood from the nofe is of much more fervice than the fame
quantity let with a lancet. Whenever bleeding at the nofe relieves any bad fymp-
‘tom, and does. not proceed fo far as to endanger the patient’s life, it ought not to ~
be ftopped. But, when it returns frequently, or continues till the pulfe becomes
low, the extremities begin to grow cold, the lips pale, or the patient complains of

) bein ig fick, or faint, it muft immediately be ftopped.

_ CURE,---Let the patient be fet nearly upright, with his head reclining a little,
ind his ss immerfed i in water about the warmth of new milk. His hands ought
ikewife to be ‘put in lukewarm water, and his garters may be tied a little tighter
than ufual. Li res may be applied to the arms, ‘about the place where they are
ufually made for. bleeding, ~ and with nearly the fame degree of tightnefs. Thefe
mutt be gradually flackened as the blood begins to ftopg and removed entirely as
-foon as it gives over. Sometimes dry lint put up the noftrils will ftop the bleeding.
When this does not fucceed, doffils of lint dipped in ftrong fpirits of wine, may

oree up the noftrilss or, if that cannot be had, they may be dipped in ee
I

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 159
If the genitals be immerfed for fome time in cold water, it will generally ftop a
bleeding: at the nofe. -I have feldom known this fail.

Or tas BLEEDING anv BLIND PILES.

A DISCHARGE of blood from the hemorrhoidal yeffels is called the bleeding
piles. When the veffels only fwell, anddifcharge no blood, but are exceeding pain-
ful, the difeafe is called the blind piles. This difcharge, however, i is not harass to be
treated as a difeafe.. It iseven more falutary than bleeding at the nofe, and often

prevents or carries off difeafes. It is peculiarly beneficial in the gout, rheumatifim,

afthma, and hypochondriacal complaints, and often proves critical in cholics and
_ inflammatory fevers.

CURE.---Inthe management of the patient, regard muft be had to his habit of
body, his age, ftrengcth, and manner of living. A difcharge, which might be excef-

_ _ five and prove hurtful to one, may be very moderate, and even falutary, to another.

That only is to be efteemed dangerous which continues too long, and is in fuch
quantity as to wafte the patient’s ftrength, hurt the digeftion, nutrition, and other
_ functions neceffary tolife. The Peruvian bark is proper in this cafe, both as a
- ftrengthener and aftringent. Half a drachm of it may be taken in a glafs of red
_ wine, fharpened with a few drops of the elixir of vitriol, three or four times a-
day. The bleeding piles are fometimes periodical, and return regularly once a-
month, or once in three weeks. In this cafe they are always to be confidered as
a falutary difcharge, and by no meansto be ftopped. In the blind piles, bleeding is
generally of ufe. The diet muft be light and thin, and che drink cool and diluting.
{ti is likewife neceffary that the body be kept gently open. When the piles are ex-
ceeding painful and {welled, but difcharge nothing, the patient muft fic over the
{teams of warm water. He may likewife apply alinen cloth dipped in warm {pirits
_of wine to the part, or poultices made of bread and milk, orof leeks fried with butter.
If thefe do not produce adifcharge, and the piles appear large, leeches muft be ap-
‘plied as near them as poffible, or, if they will fix upon the piles, themfelves, fo much
the better. When leeches will not fix, the piles may be opened withalancet. The
- Operation is very ealy, and is attended with no danger. When the pain is very great,
a liniment made of two ounces of emollient ointment, and half an ounce of liquid

pnenemy beat up with the yolk of an Se | ity be applied

‘SPITTING oF BLOOD.

| PERSONS 0 of: a flender make and a ia Ehte, eho have long necks. and ‘ra

preafts, are -moft liable to this difeafe. Itis moft common in the fpring, and gene-

rally attacks poopie! before they arrive at the prime or middle period of life. « Itis a
} common

¥60 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN;

common obfervation, that thofe who have been fubject to bleeding at the nofe whea
young, are afterwards moft liable to‘this complaint. It is often occafioned by
exceffive drinking, running, wreftling, finging, or {peaking aloud. Such as have
weak lungs ought to avoid all violent exertions of that organ, as they value life, -
They fhould alfo guard againft violent paffions, exceffive drinking, and every thing
that occafions a rapid circulation of the blood. It is often the effect of a long and
violent cough ; in which cafe it isgenerally the forerunner of a confumption.. Spit-
ting of blood is not always to be confidered as a primary difeafe.. Itis often only a
fymptom, and in fome difeafes not an unfavourable one: this is the cafe in pleu-
rifies, peripneumonies, and fundry other fevers. Ina dropfy, fcurvy, or conhump-
tion, it is a bad fymptom, and fhews that the lungs are ulcerated.
CURE..---This, like the other involuntary difcharges of blood, ought not to =
fuddenly ftopped by aftringent medicines. It may however proceed {0 far as to
weaken the patient, and even endanger his life, in which cafe proper means muft be
ufed for reftraining it. The body fhould-be kept gently open by laxative diet, as
roafted apples, ftewed prunes, and fuch-like. Ifthefe fhould not have the defired
effect, a tea-fpoonful of the lenitive electuary may be taken twice or thrice a-day, as
is found neceffary. Ifthe bleeding proves violent, ligatures may. be applied to the
extremities, as directed for a bleeding atthenofe. If the patient be hot or feverifh,
bleeding and {mall dofes of nitre will be of ufe; a fcruple-or half a drachm of nitre
may be taken in a cup of his ordinary drink twice or thrice a-day. If ftronger aftrin-
gents be neceffary, fifteen or twenty dropsof theacid elixir of vitriol may be given
ina glafs of water three or four times a-day. .

VOMITING or BLOOD.

THIS difeafe often proceeds from an obftrugtion of the menies in women, and
fometimes from the ftopping. of the hemorrhoidal flux in men, It may be occa-
fioned by any thing that greatly ftimulates. or wounds the ftomach, as ftrong vo-
mits or purges, acrid poifons, fharp or hard fubftances taken into the ftomach, &c, .
Iti is of en the effect of obftructions in the liver, the fpleen, or fome of the other
rifcera, Ttmay likewife proceed from external violence, as blows or bruifes, or
fromany of the caufes which produce inflammation, In hyfteric women, vores
ef blood is a ver y.common, but by no means a dangerous, fymptom. 7

CURE..---A great part of the danger in this difeafe arifes from the extravafated
blood lodging ir in the bowels, and becoming putrid, by which means a dyfentery of
putrid fever may be occaf ioned, The beft way of preventing this, i is to keep the.
body gently open, by frequently exhibiting emollient clyfters. After the difcharge _
is Over, as the patient is generally troubled with gripes, occafioned by the sare /
of the blood lodged i in-the oe gentle purges will be neceflary.

OF

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. . 161

Or BLOODY URINE.

T HIS difcharge is more or lefs dangerous, according to the different ‘circum.
ftances which attend it. When pure blood is voided fuddenly without interruption
and without pain, it proceeds from the kidneys ; but, ifthe blood be in {mall quan-
tity, of adark colour, and emitted with heatand pain about the bottom of the belly, .
it proceeds from the bladder. Bloody urine is always attended with fome degree of
danger; but it is peculiarly fo when mixed with purulent matter, as this fhews aa
ulcer fomewhere in the urinary pafliges. |

CURE..---When there is reafon to fufpeé an ulcer in the kidneys or bladder, the
- patient’s diet muft be cool, and his drink of a foft, healing, balfamic, quality, as de-
coctions of marfh-mallow roots with liquorice, folutions of gum-arabic, &c. Three
~ ounces of marfh-mallow roots, and half an ounce of liquorice, may be boiled in two
Englith quarts of water to one; two ounces of gumarabic, and half an ounce of pu-
rified nitre, may be‘diffolved in the ftrained liquor, and a tea-cupful of it taken four
or five times a-day. The early ufe of aftringents in this difeafe has of.en bad con-
fequences. When the flux is {topped too foon, the grumous blood, by being con-
fined in the veflels, may produce inflammations, abcefs, and ulcers. . If however the
cafe be urgent, or the patient feems to fuffer from the’ lofs of blood, gentle altrin-
gents may be neceffary. In this cafe the patient may take three or four ounces.of
lime-water, with half anounce of thetincture of Peruvian bark, three timesa-day.

Or tus DYSENTERY, orn BLOODY FLUX,

THIS difeafe is known by the flux of the belly, attended with violent pain of the
bowels, @ conftant inclination to go toftool, and generally more or lefs blood iff the |
ftools. It begins, like other fevers, with chillnefs, lofs of ftrength, a quick pulfe,
great thirft, and an inclination to vomit. The ftools are at firft greafy or frothy,
afterwards they are {treaked with blood, and, at latt, have frequently the appearance
of pure blood, mixed with {mall filaments, refembling bits of fkin. -

~ CURE.---Nothing is of more importance in this difeafe than cleanlinefs. It con-

tributes greatly to the recovery of the patient, and no lefs to the fafety of fach as at-

tend him. Every thing about the patient fhould be frequently changed. The exe
crements fhould never be fuffered to continue in his chamber, but be removed imme-
- diately, and buried under ground. A conftant ftream of frefh air fhould be admit--
ted into the chamber ; and it ought frequently to be fprinkled with vinegar, juice of
~ lemon, or fome other ftrong acid. At the beginning of this difeafe it is always ne-"
cefflary to cleanfe the firft paffages. For this purpofe a vomit of ipecacuanha mutt
be given, and wrought off with weak camomile-tea, Strong vomits are Xt OS"

36. : ee fy

162 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

neceflary here. “A feruple, or at moft half a‘drachm, of ipecacuanha, ‘is generally
fufficient for an adult, and fometimes avery few grains will foffice. “The day after’
the vomit, half a drachm, or two fcruples, of rhubarb, muft be taken ; or, what will
anfwer the purpofe rather better, an ounce or an ounce and a half of Epfom falts,
This dofe may be repeated every other day for two or three times. Afterwards
{mall dofes of ipecacuanha may betaken for fome time. Two or three’ grains of
the powder may be mixed in a table-fpoonful of the fyrup of poppies, and taken!
three times a-day. Thefe evacuations will often be fufficient to effec a cure,
_ Should it happen otherwife, the following aftringent medicines may be ufed. Al
clyfter of ftarch or fat mutton-broth, with thirty or forty drops of liquid laudanym:
in it, may be adminiftered twice a-day. Ac the fame time an ounce of gum-arabic,
and half an ounce of gum-tragacanth, may be diffolved in anEnglith pint of barley-
water, over a flow fire, and a table-fpoonful of it taken every hour, When dy-
fenteries prevail, we would recommend a ftrict attention to cleanlinefs, a fpare ufe
of animal food, and the free ufe of found ripe fruits, and other vegetables, We
would alfo advife fuch as are liable to them to take either a vomit or a purge every
pa Te or Scie de as a preventive.

Or tHE.J.AUNDICE,

THE immediate caufe of the jaundice is an obftruction of the bile. The patient at
firft complains of exceffive wearinefs, and has great averfion to every kind of mo-
tion. ‘His fkin dry, and he generally feels a kind of itching or pricking pain over
the whole body. If the patient be young, and the difeafe complicated with no other
malady, it is feldom dangerous; but in old people, where it continues long, returns
frequently, or is complicated with the dropfy or hypochondriac fymptoms, it gene-
rally proves fatal. The black jaundice is generally more dangerous than the yellow.
‘CURE..---The patient fhould takeas much exercife as he can bear, either on

‘ horfeback orin a carriage ; walking, running, and even jumping, are likewife pro-
Per, provided he can bear them without pain, and there be no fymptoms of inflam
‘Patients have been often cured of this difeafe by a long journey, ‘after
es had provedineffectual. If the patient be young, of a full fanguine ha-
! complains of pain inthe right fide about the ; region of the liver, bleeding
eceffary. Afterthis a vomit muft be adminiftered, and, if the difeafe proves
obftinate, i itmay be repeated onceor twice. No medicines are more beneficial in the
jaundice than vomits, efpecially where it is not attended with inflammation. Half
adrachm of ipecacuanha in powder will bea fufficient dofe for an adult. Tr may .
be wrought of with weak camomile-tea, or lukewarm water. Fomenting o the parts ts
about the region ‘of —e and liver, and rubbing them with a a warm hand ‘ ‘a
: fiefh-

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY > af,

fiefh-bruth, are likewife-beneficial;. but it is ftill more fo for the patient to Grin a
bath of warm water upto the breaft.. He oughtto do. this frequently, and fhould
continue in it as long as his ftrength will permit. . Numberlefs. Britith herbs are
certain cures for this difeafe, as maybe feen inthe Herbal. I have known confidera-

ble benefit, in a very obftinate jaundice, from a decoétion of hempfeed. Four oun-
ces of the feed may be boiled in two Englith quarts of ale, and. fweetened with coarfe
fugar. The dofeis half a pintevery morning, It may be continued for eight or
nine days, A very obftinate jaundice has been cured by fwallowing raw eggs.
Perfons fubject to the jaundice ought to take as much exercife as poffible, and to
avoid all heating and aftringent aliments. Hf it attacks maidens after the age of pu-
berty, marriage is a certain cure.

i}? (ee. tet) vis fk,

THE dropfy is often owing to an hereditary difpofition. It may likewife praceed:
ei drinking ardent fpirits or other ftrong liquors. It is true almoft to a proverb,
that great drinkers die of a dropfy. The want of exercifé is alfo a very common,
caufe of the dropfy. Hence it is juftly reckoned among the difeafes of the fedentary.
It often proceeds from exceffive evacuations, as frequent and copius bleedings,
{trong purges often repeated, frequent falivations,’ &c, “The fudden ftoppage of
cuftomary or neceffary evacuations, as the menfes, the hemorrhoids, Auxes;of the
belly, and, in fhort, whatever obftructs the perfpiration, or prevents the blood from
being duly prepared, occafions a dropfy. It generally begins with a fwelling of the
feet and ancles towards night, which, for fome time, difappears in the morning, In
the evening the parts, if preffed with the finger, will pit. The fwelling gradually
afcends, and occupies the trunk of the body, the arms, and the head. Afterwards
the breathing | becomes difficult, the urine is in fall quantity, and the thirft great ;
the body is bound, and the perfpiration i is greatly obftruéted. To. thefe fucceed
torpor, heavinefs, a flow wafting fever, anda troublefome cough, This Jatt is ge-
nerally a fatal fymptom, as it fhews that the lungs are affected, When the difeafe
: comes fuddenly on, and | the patient is young and ftrong, there i is reafon to hope for a

cure, e, efpecially if medicine be given early. But, if the patient be old, has led an
irregular ora fedentary life, or if there be reafon to fufpect that the liver, lungs, or
any of the vifcera, are unfound, there is great Sipe to fear. that the confequences ‘i
will prove fatal.

CURE.---The patient muft ia, 23 ‘much: as poflible, ‘from_ all. drink, efpe-
erally weak and watery liquors, and muft quench his thirft with no

acids, as juice of lemons, « oranges, | forrel, or fach like. His aliment Pies to be é
: dry, ofa ftimulating and _ diuretic quality, as toafted bread, the fieth of ; birds, ce
| i |

16; CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

other wild animals, roafted ; pungent and aromatic vegetables, as garlic, muftard,
onions, crefies, horfe-raddifh, rocambole, fhalot, &c. He may alfo.eat fea-bifcuit
dipt in wine or alittle brandy. -This isnot only nourifhing, but tends to quench
thirft. Some have been attually cured of a dropfy by a total abftinence from all
liquids, and living entirely upon fuch things as are mentioned above. If the pa-
tient muft have drink, the Spa-water, or Rhenifh wine, with diuretic medicines
_infafed in it, are the beft. Exercife is of the greateft importance in a dropfy. If
the patient be able to walk, dig, or the like, he ought to continue. thefe exercifes as
jong as he can. If he is not able to walk or labour, he mutt ride on horfeback, or
in a Carriage, and the more violent the motion fo much the better, provided he can
bear it. If the difeafe has come on fuddenly, it may generally be remoyed by
ftrong vomits, brifk purges, and fach medicines as promote adifc harge by fweat and
urine. For an adult, half adrachm of ipecacuanha in powder, and half an ounce
of oxymel of fquills, will be a. proper vomit. This may be repeated as often as is
found neceflary, three.or four days intervening between the dofes. The patient
mutt not drink much.after taking the vomit, otherwife he deftroys its effects. A
cup or.two of camomile-tea will be fufficient to work it off. Betwixt each vomit,
on one of the intermediate days, the patient may take the following purge: Jalap ©
in powder half a drachm, cream of tartar two drachms, calomel fix grains, Thefe
may be made into a bolus witha little fyrup of pale rofes, and taken early in the
morning. Thelefs the patient drinks after it the better. If he be much griped,
he may take now and then a cup of chicken-broth. The patient may likewife take
every night at bed-time the following bolus: To four or five grains of camphor add
one grainof opium, and as much fyrup of orange-peel as is fufficient to make them
into a bolus, This will generally promote a gentle fweat, which fhould be en-
couraged by drinking now.and then a {mall cup of white wine whey, with a tea-
fpoonful of the {piritsof harthhorn init. A tea-cupful of the following diuretic
infufion may likewife be takenevery four or five hoursthrough the day: Take j juni-
per berries, mutftard feed, and horfe-radifh, of each half an ounce, afhes of broom
half a pound ; ; infufe them in a quart of Rhenifh wine or {trong ale for a few days,
7 ds ftrain off the liquor. Such as cannot take this infufion, may ufe the

3 espa be ventured upon. In this cafe, the fafer courfe is to
palliate the fymptoms by the ufe of fuch medicines as promote the fecretions, and to
7 support the patient’s fragt by warm and nourifhing cordials, The fecretion of

»

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. | 165

urine may be greatly promoted by nitre. Brookes fays, he knew a young woman

_ who was cured of a dropfy by taking a drachm of initre every morning in adaught -
of ale, after the had beengiven over as incurable; and a Jarge {poonful of unbruifed

_muftard-feed taken every night and morning, and drinking half a pint of the de.
coction of the tops of green broom after it, has performed cures when other power-
ful medicines have proved inefieCtual. When the difeafe does not evidently and
fpeedily give way to purgative and diuretic medicines, the water ought.to be let off
‘by tapping. This i is a very fimple and fafe operation, and would often fueceed, if
dt were performed in due! time; but, if -it be delayed til] the humours are vitiated,
cor the bowels {poiled by long foaking in water, it can hardly tbe expected that any
permanent relief will be procured. After the evacuation of the water, the patient
is to be put on a courfe of ftrengthening medicines ; as the Peruvian bark, the
elixir of vitriol, warm aromatics, with a due proportion of rhubarb npn in wine, _
‘and fuch ees ow

Oe pars OO U e eieerree re

uF "THERE i is sodiiee which fhews the imperfection of inedicine, or to the ‘a
vantages of temperance and exercife in a ftronger light, than the gout... Excefs and
idlenefs are the true fources from whence it originally fprang, and all. who would
avoid it muft be active and temperate. As there are no medicines yet known that
~ will cure the gout, we fhall confine our obfervations chiefly to regimen, both i in and
out of the fit. In the fit, if the patient be young and ftrong, his diet ought to be
thin and cooling, and his drink of a diluting nature; but, where.the conttitution i is
weak, and the patient has been accuftomed to live high, this is not a proper time’
to retrench. In this cafe he muft keep nearly to his ufual diet, and fhould take
-quently a cup of ftrong negus, or a glafs of generous wine. Wine-whey is a
very ‘proper drink in this cafe, as it promotes the perfpiration without greatly heat-
ing the patient. Ar will anfwer this purpofe better if a tea-fpoonful of fal volatile
oleafum, or fpirits of hartfhorn, be put into a cup of it twice a-day. Tr will like- _
wile be proper to give at bed-time a tea-fpoonful of the volatile tincture of
jn-a large draught of warm wine-whey. This will” ‘greatly promote
perfpiration through. the night. As the moft fafe and efficacious methed of
difcharging the gouty matter is by perfpiration, this ought to be kept up’by alf :
‘means, efpecially in,the affected part. For this purpofe the leg and foor the id
be wrapped i in {oft flannel, fur, or wool, The laft is moft readily obtaine , and
feems 10 Soren te. purpofe better than any thing elfe. The people of Lanca-
fhire took \ vpon wool asa kind of fpecific i in the gout. They wrap a ‘great quar !
ty of itabout the leg and foot affeéted, and cover it with a fkin of foft dreffed | les
The wool which they ufe is generally ereafed,.and carded or combed. They 2c
37. ~ ys

466 CULPEPER R’s ENGUISH (PHYSICIAN,

the fofteft which can.be had, and feldom.or never remove it till the fit be entirely ©
gone off. All external applications that repel the matter are to be avoided as death,
They do: not cure the difeafe, but remove it from a fafer toa more dangerous part
of the body, where it often proves fatal. Many things will fhorten a fit of the gour,
and fome will drive it off altogether 5 but nothing has yet been found which will do
this with fafety to the patient. In pain we eagerly grafp at any thing that promifes
immediate eafe, and even hazard life itfelf for a temporary relief. This is the true
reafon why fo many infallible remedies have been’ propofed for the gout, and why
fuch numbers have loft their lives by the ufe of them: It would be as prudent to
flop the fmall-pox from rifing, and to drive it into the blood, as to attempt to
repel the gouty matter after i it has been thrown upon the extremities. | The latter is
asmuch an effort of nature to free herfelf from an offending caufe as the former,
and ought equally to be promoted. When the pain however is very great, and the
- patient is reftlefs, thirty or forty drops of laudanum, more or lefs, according to the
violence of the fymptoms, may be taken at bed-time. This will eafe the pain,
procure reft, promote perfpiration, and forward the crifis of the difeafe. : Though
it may be dangerous to {top a fit of the gout by medicine, yet, if the conftitution can
be fo changed by diet and exercife, as to leffen or totally prevent its return, there
tertainly can be no danger in following fuch a courfe. It is well known that the
whole ‘habit may be fo altered, by a proper regimen, as nearly to eradicate this dif-
‘eafes ‘and thofe only who have fufficient refolution to perfift in fuch a courte have
reafon to expect 2 a cure. ‘The courfe which we would recommend for’ preventing
the gout is as follows: in the firft place, univerfal tem perance; in the next place, :
fufficient exercife. By this we do not mean fauntering about in an indolent manner;
but labour, fweat, and toil. Thefe only can render the humours wholefome, and
keep them fo. Going early to bed, and rifing betimes, are alfo of great impor-
~ tance. When the'gout attacks the head or lungs, every method muft be'taken to
= a the feet. They muft be frequently bathed in warm water, and acrid « cata-
plafins ns applied t to the foles. Blifters ought likewife to be applied to the ancles or
-alves “ Bleeding in the feet or ancles is alfo neceffary, and warm ‘{to-
THe patient ought 1 to keep in bed for the moit part, if there be
snp and fhould be very ca “ful not to‘catch cold. Ifi it at- ,
ac with a fenfé of cold, the moft warm cordials are neceflary ; as 5
{trong wine be iled‘Gp with cinnamon or other fpices, cinnamon- water, peppermint-
water, and even b ly or rum. The patient fhould keep his bed, and endeavour
to promote a fweat by di ir cing warm Yiquors ; ‘and, if he fhould be troubled with
‘a naufea, or inclination to vomit,’he may drink camomi tea, or any thing that
will make him vomit Tey ‘Thofe’ who'never had the gout, *but who, from ‘theit
conftitution

AND FAMIBEIDESPENSARGAYUD

conftitution or manner of living, have reafon to expect it,

; ought likewife to be
circumspect with regard to its firft approach. If the'difeafe; by wrong wee
improper medicines, be diverted from i its proper courfe, the miferable patient has a
chance to be ever after tormented with head: achs, coughs, pains of the ftomach and
inteftines ; and to fall, at laft, a victim to. its attack ee fome of bed more no-
ble DORs ry ,

Or THE RHEUMATISM..

‘THE, caufes of a. rheumatifin are frequently the fame as-thofe of an sa eliaabti
fevers viz. an obftructed peripiration, the immoderate ufe of ftrong liquors, and
the like. Sudden changes.of the weather, and all quick tranfitions from heat to
cold, are very apt to occafion the rheumatifm. The acute rheumatifm commonly
begins with wearinefs, thivering, a quick pulfe, reftleffnefs, thirft, and other fymp-.
toms of fever. Afterwards the patient complains of flying pains, which are in:
creafed by the leaft motion, Thefe at length fix in the joints, which are often af
fected with. {welling and inflammation. . If blood be let in this difeafe, it has genes
; rally the. fame appearance as.in the pleurify... In-this kind-of rheumatifn-the trean

- ment of, the patient.is nearly the fame as in an.acute or inflammatory fever. If he
be young and. ftrong, bleeding is. neceffary, which may be repeated according to.the
exigencies of the cafe. The body ought likewife to be kept, open. by emollient
clyfters, or cool opening liquors as decoctions of tamarinds, cream of tartar,
whey, fenna tea, and the like. Warm bathing, after proper evacuations, has often
an exceeding good effect.. The patient may either be put into a bath of warm wa
ter, or have cloths. wrung out of it applied to the parts affected. Great care mutt be
taken that he do not. catch cold after bathing. The chronic theumatifin i is feldom
ied with any confiderable degree of fever, and is generally confined to fome
particular part of the body, as the fhoulders, the back,. or the loins. There is
feldom any inflammation or {welling in this cafe.. Perfons in the decline of, life are
moft fabjet to the chronic rheumatifm. In fuch patients it often proves extremely.
‘obftinate, and frequently. incurable... Though this difeafe may not feem to yield.
to medicines for fome time, yet they ought to be perfifted in Perfons-who are fub-
ject to frequent. returns of the rheumati{m, will often find their-account in ufing me
_ dicines, whether they be immediately affeted with the difeafe ornot. The.chronia
-rheumatifm is fimilar to the gout in this refpect,- that the moft proper time. far. ufing
medicines to extirpate it, is when the: patient is moft free from the diforder,.. There
are feveral of our plants pointed, out in the. Herbal which may. be ufed: with grea -
advantage i in the rheumatifm, One of the beft is the. white muftard; a table-

- fpoonful of the feed of this plant. may be taken twice or thrice a-day, in-aglals of

water:

errs Than
reed ip ah Pd +

68 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

water or {mall wine, The water-trefoil is likewife of great ufe in this complaint
it may be infufed in wine or ale, or drunk in form of tea. The ground-ivy, camo:
mile, and feveral other bitters, are alfo beneficial, and may be’ ufed in the fame mane 3
ner. No benefit however is to be expected from thefe, unlefs they be taken for a

confiderable time. Excellent medicines are often defpifed in this difeafe, becaufe
they donot perform an immediate’ cure; whereas nothing would be more certain
than their effect, were they duly perfifted in. Want of perfeverance in the ufe of
medicines is one reafon why chronic difeafes are fo feldom cured. Cold bathing,
efpecially in falt water, soften cures the rheumatifm. We would alfo recommend
riding on horfeback, and wearing flannel next the fkin. flues are likewile very
proper, efpecially in chronic cafes. If the pain affects the fhoulders,'an iffee may
-be made in the arms but, if it affects the loins, it fhould be ar in the = igi A

hE 9 .

OF THE Stuur Vy

THE Genre is.occafioned by cold moift air; by the long ufe of falted or fmoke-
dried provifions, or any kind of food that is hatd of digeftion, and affords little
nourifament. It may alfo proceed from the fuppreffion of cuftomary evacuations ;
as the menfts, the hemorrhoidal flux, &c. It is fometimes owing to an heredicary
faint in. which cafe.a very finall caufe will excite the latent diforder. Grief, fear,
and other deprefiing paffions, have a great tendency both to excite and aggravate
this difeafe. The fame obfervation holds with regard to ‘negle&t “of ‘cleanlinefs’,
‘bad clothing, the want of proper exercife, confined air, unwholefome food, or any
difeafe which greatly weakens the body ot vitiates the humours. *

- CURE.---There is no way of curing this difeafe fo effeCtually,-as by purfuing’ a
plan diretly oppofite to that which brings it on. It proceeds from a vitiated ftate
of the humours, occafioned by errors-in diet, air, or exercife; and this cannot be
_ femoved but by a proper. attention to thefe important articles. When the feurvy —
| ‘Bas been brought on by a long ufe of falted provifions, the proper medicine is a diet

Confifting chiefly of frefh vegetables ; as oranges, apples, lemons, limes, tamarinds,
rater-crefles, fourvy-grafs, brook- lime, &c. The ufe of thefe, with milk, pot-
w bread, and frefh beer or cyder, will feldom fail to remove a feurvy of
‘taken before it be too faradvanced ; but, to have this effect, they mutt
be peril or a confiderable time. I have often feen very extraordinary effects
in the land-fearvy from a milk diet. This preparation of nature is a mixture of

imal and vegetable properties, which, of all others, is the moft fit for reftoring a

titution, and removing that particular acrimony of the humours which —
feems to conde abit effeace of the feurvy and many other difeafes. But
a defpife this —— becaufe it is cheap, ae.
: | wi

LAND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. dod 169

with greedinefs fiefh and fermented liquors, while milk is only deemed fit for their
hogs. The moft proper drink in the {curvy is whey or butter-milk. “When thefe
cannot be had, found cyder, perry, or {pruce beer, may be ufed. Wort has like-
wife been found to be a proper drink in the fcurvy, and. may be ufed at fea, as malt
will keep during the longeft voyage. A decottion of the tops of the fpruce fir is
likewife proper. It may be drunk in the quantity of an Englifh pint twice a day.
‘Tar-water may be ufed for the fame purpofe, or deco¢tions of any of the mild muci-
laginous vegetables ; farfaparilla, marfh-mallow roots, &c. Infufions of the bitter
plants, as ground-ivy, the fmaller centaury, marfh- trefoil, &c. are likewife benefi-
cial. “The peafants, in fome parts of Britain, exprefs the j juice of the laft- mentioned
plant, and drink it with good effect in thofe foul fcorbuticeruptions with which they
are often troubled in the fpring feafon.

OF THE SCROPHULA, or KING’s EVIL,

THIS difeafe proceeds often from an hereditary taint, from a ferophulous puriey
&c. Children who have the misfortune to be born of fickly parents, whofe contti-
tutions have been greatly injured by chronic difeafes, are apt to be affected with
the fcrophula. It may likewife proceed from fuch difeafes as weaken the habit or
vitiate the humours, as the fmall-pox, meafles; &c. At firft {mall knots appear
under the chin or behind the ears, which gradually increafe in ‘number and fize,
~ till they form one large hard tumour. This often continues for a long time with-

out breaking, and, when it does break, it only difcharges a thin watery humour.
Other parts of the bodyare likewife liable to its attack, as the arm-pits, groins, feer,
hands, eyes, breafts, &ec. The white {wellings of the} joints feem likewife to be of
this kind, They are with difficulty brought toa fuppuration, : and, when opened,
they only, difsharge a thin ichor. There is not a more general fymptom of the fcro-
phula than a {welling of the upper lip and nofe, _ BIBT
CURE..---In this complaint medicine is but of little uf. It has been found,
. that keeping the bady g ently open, for fome time, with fea-water, has a good effect.
thing in falt w. ater sand « ‘in ing itin fuch quantities as to keep the body gently
‘open, will cure a fcrophula, when medicines have been tried i in vain. When falt
water cannot be obtained, the patient may be bathed in frefh water, and his body
kept open by {mall quantities of falt and water, or fome other mild purgative, Next
to cold bathing, and drinking the fale water, we would recommend the. Peruvian
bark. The cold bath may be weal in fommer,. and the bark in winter. To. an
adult half adrachm of the bark in powder may be given, in a glafs of ted ine, .
four or five times a-day. Hemlock may fometimes be ufed with adva af age in
_ the ferophula. Some lay‘i it down as a a general rule, that the fea-water is = moft Ga

4 27, : Ae
37

, 170 CULPEPER’s. ENGLISH, PHYSLCIAN,

per before there are any fuppuration or fymptoms of tabes; the Peruvian bark,
when there are running fores, and a degree of hettic fever; and the hemlock in old
invetetate cafes, approaching to the fcirrhous or cancerous) ftate, , » Hither the ex.
tract or the frefh juice ofthis plant may be ufed.. The.dofe, muft be {malk, at, firft,
and inatealad gradually as far as the ftomach is able to bear it, and

U ato Wb
Or THE de ah Sa 3 , — Or Jud ¢Qeus

THE itch is feldom a dangerous dileafe, unlefs when it is ; centlened fo by neg,
or improper treatment. If it be fuffered to continue too Jong, ity may, ‘Vitiate the
whole mafs of humours ; and, if it be fuddenly thrown in, without proper evacua-
tions, it may occafion fevers, infammationsof the vifcera, or other internal diforders, }

. CURE.---The beft medicine yet known for the itch is fulphur, which ought to
be ufed both externally and internally. The parts moft affected may be rubbed.
with an ointment made of the flour of fulphur, two ounces ; crude fal ammo-
niac, finely powdered, two drachms; hogs lard, or butter, four. ounces... Ifa fcru-
ple or half a drachm of the effence of lemon be added, it will entirely take away,
the difagreeable {mell. About the bulk of a nutmeg of this may be rubbed upon
the extremities,-at bed-time, twice or thrice a week. Itis feldom neceflary. to rub
the wholebody 3 but, -when it is, it ought not to bedone all at once, but by turns,
asit.is dangerous to ftop too many pores at the fame time. Before the patient begins.
to ufe the ointment, he ought, if he be of a full habit, to bleed or take a purge or,
two... It will likewife be proper, during the ufe of it, to take every night and morn-

‘ing as much of the flourof brimftone and cream of tartar, in a little treacle. or new
milk, as will keep the body. gently open. I never knew brimftone, when ufed as
direéted above, fail to cure the itch; and I have reafon to believe, that, if duly per-
fifted in, it never will fail; but, if it be only ufed once or twice, and cleanlineis.
neglected, it is no wonder if thediforder returns, The quantity of ointment men
tioned above will generally be fufficient for the cure of one perfon ; but, if any
fymptoms of the difeafe fhould appear again, the medicine may be repeated, oat is.
both more fafe andefficacious when perfifted in for a confiderable time, than when

ips antity- is applied at once, . As moft people. diflike the fmell of fulphur,

mul b ule, i in ey place, the powder of | white hellebore root made ' up into an oint-
the manner, which will feldom fail to cure the itch. People ought.
to: beastie, left they take other eruptions for the itch ; as the ftoppage_

of thefe may he attended with fatal, confequences... Many of the eruptive diforders .
towhich children areliable have a near refemblance. to this difeale ; and I have often.

known infants killed by being rubbed with grealy ointments, that made thefe erup-
tions ftrike fuddenly in, irae nature had thrown. out to paclerve, the ‘patients life,

SEDFEYEDE ome NOR mala ee ca a

1 Koigtue -JOLOOIMIS MUS LL upl i0 iii Bf as

UATE 22 Wyrm tyro r } :

“PND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 9 Gr
blo.ai azolrmad vison ART RBS BADIM Atos nian eae
“OTHE ‘afthma is a difeaft of the lungs, which feldom admits of a cure, Perfons-
jn the: decline of life are moft liable to it. It is diftinguifhed into the moift ‘and
dry, or humoural and nervous. - The former is attended with expectoration or fpit-
ting; but in the latter the patient feldom fpits, unlefs fometimes a little tough
phlegm by the mere force of coughing. An afthma is known by a quick laborious
breathing, which is generally performed with a kind of wheezing noife, Sometimes
the difficulty of breathing is fo great, that the patient is obliged to keep in an erect
pofture, otherwife he is in danger of being fuffocated. A fit or paroxyfin of the
afthma generally happens after a perfon has been expofed to cold eafterly winds, or.
has been abroad in thick foggy weather, or has got wet, or continued long\in’ a
damp place under ground, &c. d
- CURE.--- All windy food, and whatever is apt to fwell in the ftomach, isto be
avoided. Strong liquors of all kinds, efpecially malt-liquor, are hurtful. The.
satient fhould eat a very light fupper, or rather none at all, and fhould never
fuffer himfelf to be long coftive. His cloathing fhould be warm, efpecially. in
the winter-feafon. As all diforders of the breaft are much relieved -by keeps:
ing the feet warm, and promoting the perfpiration, a flannel fhirt or .waiftcoar, »
and thick’ fhoes, will be of fingular fervice. But nothing is of fo great impor.
tance in the afthma as pure and moderately warm air. Many afthmatic: per-
fons, who cannot live in Britain, enjoy very good health in the fouth of France;
Portugal, Spain, or Italy. Exercife is likewife of very great importance in-the
afthma, as it promotes the digeftion, preparation of the blood, &xc. ” The blood of
aithmatic perfons is feldom duly prepared, owing to the proper aétion of the lungs
“being impeded. For tht refonfach people ought dily 10 eke as much exerci,
either on foot, horfeback, or in a carriage, as they can bear. Almoft all that can
be done by medicine in this difeafe, is to relieve the patient when feized with a violent
fit, Bleeding, unlefS extreme weaknefs or old-age fhould forbid it, is highly pro-
cr bladders filled with warm mill: aid water, maj be applied to the\part affected,
and warm cataplafms to the foles of the feet. The patient muft drink freely of ’
diluting liquors, and may take a tea-fpoonful of the tindtore of ealtor and of faffron og
mised together, in a cup of valeriatl-téa; twice Gi thrice a-dayv Sometimes a-vomig!
has a very good effet, and Sndtches the patiehty abit weres from the jaws:of deaths
“hig however will be more fafe after other evacutions have been premifed: A very”
ftrong infufion of roafted coffee is {aid to give eale in an afthmatic paroxyfm, “In
he vest affhane, fach tits as protiote expe€tOration o {pitting oughe tobe wled
as the fyrup of fquills, gum ammoniac, and fuch like. A-common at 6 ; a,

f. f

m CULPREPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

fyrup of oxymel of fquills, mixed with an equal quantity of cinnamon-water, may
be taken three or four times through the day ; and four or five pills, made of equal
parts of afafcetida and gum-ammoniac, at bed-time. Large dofes of aether have
been found * very efficacious in removing a fit of the afthma. For the convulfive or
nervous afthma, antifpafmodics and bracers are the moft proper medicines, » Phe
- patient may take a tea-{poonful of the paregoric elixir twice a-day.. The Peruvian
bark is fometimes found to be of ufe in this cafes Ic may be taken in fubftance,
or infufed i in wine. In fhort, every thing that braces the nerves, or takes off fpaim,
may be of ufe in a neryous afthma. It is often relieved by the ufe of affes milk; I
have likewife known cows milk drunk warm in the morning have a good effet in
this cafe. In every fpecies of afthmas, fetons and iffues are of Great fervice; they
may cither be put in the back or fide, and fhould never be allowed to dry up.. We
fhall here, once for all, obferve, that not only in the afthma, but in moft chronic
difeates, iffues are extremely proper. They are both a fafe and efficacious remedy ;
and, though they do-not always cure the 6 ies yet wey will often prolong the
patient’ s life.

Rs Or poe APOPLEX Y.

“THE immediate caufe of an apoplexy is a compreffion of the brain, -occafioned
by an excefs of blood, or a collection of watery humours. The former is called a
Sanguine, and the latter a /erous, apoplexy, It may be occafioned by any thing thac
increafes the circulation towards the brain, or prevents the return of the blood from.
the head; intenfe ftudy, violent paffions, fuppreffion of urine, excefs of venery, the
fadden ftriking in of any eruption, wounds or bruifes on the head, long expofure to
‘exceflive cold, poifonous exhalations, &c.
_CURE.---The ufual forerunners of an apoplexy are giddinefs, pain and {wim-
ming of the head, lofs of memory, drowfinefs, noife in the ears, the night-mare, a
{pontancous flux of tears, and laborious refpiration. When perfons have reafon to |
fear the approach of a fit, they fhould endeavour to prevent it by bleeding, a. flender
opening medicines: In the apoplexy, if the patient does not die fuddenly,,
nance appears florid, the face i is fwelled-or puffed up, and the blood-vel-
about the neck and temples, are turgid the pulfe. beats Strong, the
nent and fixed, and the breathing is difficult, and performed with a
‘he excrements and urine are often voided fpontaneoufly, and the: =
=C feized with vomiting. In this ftage, every. method muft be
taken to leffen : f the circulation towards the head. The garters fhould
be tied pretty tight, by which means. the motion of the blood from the lower extre- —
mities will be retarded The = — ~ bled shia in the neck or arm, and,

eo 1

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 173

- if there be occafion, the operation may be repeated in two or three hours. A laxa-
tive clyfter, with plenty of fweet oil, or frefh butter, and a fpoonful or two of coni-
mon falt in it, may be‘adminiftered every two hours} and blittering plaifters applied
betwixt the fhoulders and to the calves of the legs. As foon as the fymptoms area
little abated, and the patient is able to fwallow, he ought to drink freely of fome
_ diluting opening liquor, as a decoétion of tamarinds and liquorice, cream-tartar-
whey, or common whey with cream of tartar diffolved in it. Or he may take any
cooling purge, as Glauber’s falts, manna diffolved in an infufion of fenna, or’ the
like. All fpirits and other {trong liquors are to be avoided. Even volatile fales
held to the nofe domifchief. Vomits, for the fame reafon, ought not to Bé. given,
hor any thing that may increafe the motion of the blood toward the head.) "When
apopleétic fymptoms proceed from opium, or other narcotic fubftances taken into
the ftomach, vomits are neceflary. The patient is hommes relieved as foon as 4
=8 difcharged the poifonin this way. a * SORT BITES

OFr THE HEART- BURN.

WHAT iscommonly called the heart-burn is not a difeate of ai organ, atin
uneafy fenfation of heat or acrimony about the pit of the ftomach, which is fome-
times ‘attended with anxiety, naufea, and vomiting. “When the heart-burn /pro-
ceeds from debility of the ftomach or indigeftion, the patient ought to take a dofe
or two of rhubarb; afterwards he may ufe infufions of the Peruvian bark, or any
other of the ftomachic bitters, in wine or brandy. Exercife in the opemair will
_‘Vikewife be of ufe, andevery thing that promotes digeftion. When bilious humours —
occafion the heart burn, a tea-{poonful of the {weet fpirit of nitre in aglafs of water,
or a cup of tea, willgenerally give eafe.. If it proceeds from. the ufe of greafy ali-
ments, a dram of brandyor rum may betaken. If acidity or fournefs of the fto-
- gach occafions the heart-burn, abforbents are the proper medicines. In this cafe
an ounce of powdered chalk, half an ounce of fine fugar, anda quarter of an ounce
are may be mixed in an Englith quart of water, and a tea-cupful of
‘as often as is neceffary. But the fafeftand beft abforbent is magnefia alba.
: his not only aéts as an abforbent, but likewife asa purgative; whereas chalk, and _
Stherabforbents of that kind, are apt to lie in the inteftines, and occafion obftrue-.
tions. If wind be the caufe of this complaint, the moft proper medicines are thole
called'carminatives ; as annifeeds, juniper-berries, ginger, canella alba, cardamom
feeds, &¢c. Thefe may either be'chewed, OFinfuféd in wine, brandy, or other fpirits.

ag doctor

xe endly known the AT sting = in Ler jOnEE by.
fers SUTTER Bae Pes eR eM pes Se ei 'L: See eee ea
. : ry —

174 ) CULPEPER’s s ENGLISH puysician,
W _.yshsogn ylon ig fis

srpingpestes NERVOUS’ DISEASES:
“NERVOUS difeafes not only affcét the body, but the mind ike ES! and
is often thereby rendered extremely weak and peevith. The low {pi pirits, ‘rimoroul®

| nefs, melancholy, and ficklenefs of temper, Swhich generally attend nervous difor-

ders; induce many, to believe, that,they areyentirely difeafes. of the mind 5. but, this -
change.of temper is rather a confequence,.tham.the caufe, of, the difeafe, Every
thing that tends to relax or weaken the body. difpofes it to nervous difeafes, as. in-

dolence, exceflive venery, drinking too much tea, or. other weak watery. Jiguors,
frequent bleeding, purging, vomiting, &c. :

~-CURE.---Perfons afflicted with nervous difeafes ee never to faft long. “Their
food fhould be folid and nourifhing, but of eafy digeftion. .Fat meats, and heavy

- fauces, are hurtful. All excefs fhould be carebally: avoided. They ought never to.
‘eat-more at a.time than they can eafily digeft; but, if they feel. themfelves weak and
faint:between meals, they ought to eata bit of bread, and drink a glafs of wine,
Heavy fuppers are to be avoided. Though wine in excefs enfeebles the body, and
impairs the faculties.of the mind, yet, taken in moderation, it {trengthens the fto-

_ mach,.and= promotes digeftion... Exercife in nervous. diforders is. fuperior. to.
alkmedicinesi ¢ Even change.of place, and the fight of new objects, by. divert
ing theomind,: havea: ‘great, tendency to remove thefe complaints. . For this.
reafon a long journey, ora» voyage, is of much more advantage | than riding thort.
journies near home. .Though nervous difeafes are feldom radically. cured, yet
theirfymptoms may fometimes be alleviated, and the patients. life rendered, at
leaft, more.comfortable, by proper medicines. When digeftion is bad, or the fto-.
miach relaxed and weak, the following infufion of Peruvian bark and other bitters
may be ufed with advantage. Take of Peruvian bark an ounce, gentian-root,,
orange-peel, and coriander-feed, of each half an ounce ; let thefe ingredients be all.

_ bruifed ina mortar, and infufedin a bottle of brandy or whifkey for the, fpace of.

five or'fix days. A>table-fpoonful of the ftrained:liquor may be taken in half a glafs .

of water, an hour before break faft, dinner, and fupper,. Few things tend more. to.

Ngthen the:nervous fyftem than:cold bathing, This practice, if duly perfifted..
‘produce very extraordinary effects ;, but, when-the liver or other vifcera are

truéted, or-otherwife unfound, the cold bath is improper. It is therefore to be_
ute ieijane bution The moft proper feafons for it.are fummer and. au-.
tumn. It will be fufficient, efpecially for perfons of a fpare. habit,,.to, go, into, the.
cold bath three.or four timesa week. If the patient be weakened by it, or feels
chilly for along time after coming out, it is improper. - ~ Opiates: are ‘gefterally ex-
tolled in thefe maladies; but, asthey. only palliate the {ymptoms, and. generally

<ceabverpa increafe the difeafe; we would advife people to be. extremely, fest B.A

ade D 2 igi

+ a ~ eh
aid OTE

, AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY, 195

the ufe of thes, left habit render them at laft abfolutely exetiby. Whoever Ee 3
fora _thorough cure. of this difeale, fhould pay the ttrictett attention to diet, air
eRe and amufement, ;

Ra. THE “PALSY.. we

é THE palfy is a lofs or diminution OF (ctf Or tiethoes evel beakyt in one or more
parts of the body. Of all the affections called nervous, this is the moft fuddenly
fatal. The immediate catife of palfy is any thing’ that’ prevents the regular exer-
tion of the nervous ‘power upon any particular mufcle or part of the body. The
occafional and predifpofing caufes are various, as drunkennefs, wounds’of the brain
of fpinal A marrow, preffure upon the brain or nerves, very cold oridamp air; thefup-
preffion of cuftomary evacuations, fudden fear, want of ee or seincar pins 9:20
relaxes the fyftem. d a8 ss.0a
“CURE..--:In young perfons of a full habit, the palfy muft be sis in denne
manner as the apoplexy. ‘The patient muft be bled, bliftered, and”have his body
opened by fharp clyfters or purgative medicines, But, in oldage, or when the dif-
eafe proceeds from relaxation or debility, which is générally ‘thé’cafe, a quite con:
trary courfe muft be purfued. The diet muft be watm and invigorating, feafoned
"with fpicy and aromatic vegetables, as muftard, horfe-raddith, 8c: Thedrinkmay:
be generous wine, muftard, whey, or brandy and water.» Frictioniwith thefief
brufh, or a warm hand, is extremely proper, efpecially onthe parts affected.» Blife
~ térs may likewife be applied to the affected parts with advantage..:.One of the beft
external applications is electricity. The fhocks fhould be received: on the partiaf+)
feéted; and they ought daily to be repeated for feveral weeks... Vomits»are very,

beneficial in this kind of palfy, and ought frequently to be adminiftered. » The wild
valerian-root is a very proper medicine in this cafe. _ It may-either betaken in an in-

fufion with fage-leaves, or half a drachm of it in powder may be given in a glafs of
wine three times a-day. If the patient cannot ufe the valerian, hemay take of fo/
volatile oleofum, compound fpirits of lavender, and tincture of caftor, each half an
ounce 5 - mix thefe together, and take. forty or fifty drops ina glafs.of wine, three or
four times a-day. A table-fpoonful of muftard :feed taken frequently, is a very good
medicine. The patient ought likewife to chew cinnamon-bark, ginger, or other,
warm fpiceries. Exercife is of the utmoft importance in the palfy; but the patient.
muft beware of cold, damp, and moift, airs, Heought to wear flannel next his: liane
and, if Boneiie, fhould remove into-a pores climate. arent

OF tHE. EPILEPSY, | “OR “FALLING SICKNESS.

of HIE Spay ia fadden deprivation.of all the fenfes, wherein. he pi al
fuddenly down, and is affected with violent convulfive motions. [tis fometmes _
hereditar i ¥s

I

ap CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

hereditary... It may. likewife proceed from frights of the mother when with child;
_ from blows, bruifes, or*wounds, on the head ; a collection of water, blood, or ferous
humours, in the brain a polypus, tumours, or concretions within the fkull, excef-
five drinking, intenfe ftudy, excefs of venery, worms, teething, fuppreffion of cufto-
_mary evacuations, too great anpeinets ‘ortepletion ; ‘Violent paffions or affeétions of
the mind; as fear, joy, 8cc. hyfteric affections, contagion received into the body, ‘as
the infection of the fmall- pox, meafles, &c. In an epileptic fit; the patient generally
_ makes:an unufual noife; his thumbs are drawn in towards the palms of the hands, ”
his ‘eyes,are diftorted, he ftarts and foams at the mouth, his extremities are bet oF”
twifted various ways, he often difcharges his feed, urine, and faeces, involuntarily,
and is quite deftitute of all fenfe and reafon. After the fit is over, his fenfes gra-
dually return, and- he complains of a kind of ftupor, wearinefs, «and ee of his
head; but has no remembrance of what happened to him during the fit,” ;
CURE, ---If the patient be of a fanguine temperament, and there be reafon to
fearan obftruction in the brain, bleeding and other evacuations will be neceflary,
When the difeafe is occafioned by the ftoppage of cuftomary evacuations, ‘thefe, if
poffible,muft be reftored ; if this cannot be done, others may be fubftituted in their
- place. Iffues'or fetons, in this-cafe, have often a very good effeét. | When there is
teafon to believe that the difeafe proceeds from worms, ' proper medicines muft be —
ufed to kill, or carry off, thefe vermin, When the difeafe proceeds from teething,
the body fhould be kept open by emollient clyfters, the feet frequently bathed in
warmwater, and, if the fits prove obftinate, a blifter may be put: betwixt the fhoul-
_ ders. The fame method is to be followed, when epileptic fits precede the eruption
of the {mall-pox, or meafles, 8c. The flowers of zinc have of late been highly ex-
tolled for the cure of the epilepfy. Though this medicine will not be found to an-
fwer the expectations which have been raifed concerning it, yet in ob{tinate epi-
Jeptic cafes it deferves atrial. The dofe is from one to three or four grains, which
may. the taken either in pills, ora bolus, as the patient inclines. “Fhe beft method is
‘toybegin with a fingle grain four or five times a-day, and gradually to increafe the
¢ ofe: far: as the patient can bear it. Mufk has fometimes been found to fucceed
theepilepfy.. Ten or twelve grains of it, with the fame quantity of factitious

= — sera mpinniorw Wolo: an sai gies oor

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY., 177
CURE.---When the hiccup proves very obftinate, recourfe mutt be had to
the moft powerful aromatic and antifpafmodic medicines. The principal of thefe is
mufk ; fifteen or twenty grains of which may be made into a bolus, and repeated
occafionally. Opiates are likewife of fervice; but they mutt be ufed with caution,
A bit of {ugar dipped in compound fpirits of lavender, or the volatile aromatic tinc-
ture, may be.taken frequently. External applications are fometimes alfo benefi-
cial; as the ftomach plaifter, or a cataplafm of the Venice treacle, applied to the
we of the ftomach. |

CRAMP or raz STOMACH,

THIS difeafe often feizes people fuddenly, is very daneerent, adi requires imme-
diate affiftance.. It is moft incident to perfons in the decline of sie baits the
nervous, gouty, hyfteric, and hypochondriac.

CURE..---Let the ftomach be fomented with cloths dipped in. aM j water; or
bladders filled: with warm milk and water conftantly applied. to it,. Thefe often
produce the moft happy effects. In very violent and Jatting pains of the ftomach,
- fome blood ought to be let, unlefs the weaknefs of the patient forbids it... When the
_ pain or cramps proceed from a fuppreffion of the menies, bleeding is of ule; . If they
be owing to the gout, recourfe muft be had to {pirits, or fome of the watm cordial
waters. Blifters ought likewife, in this cafe, to be applied to the ancles.. Violent
cramps and pains of the ftomach are often removed by teri
oes of Venice treacle. | 2

OF ‘THE NIGHT- MARE.

IN this difeafe the deste sacniaseal fleep, imagines iiccaahichilaednametes ‘op-
preffion or weight about his breaft or ftomach, which he can by no means fhake off, |
He groans, and fometimes cries out, though oftener he attempts to fpeak in ‘vain.
Sometimes he imagines himfelf engaged with an enemy, and in danger of being
killed, attempts to run away,. but finds he cannot. Sometimes he fancies himfelf
. in a houfe that is on fire, or that he is in danger of being drowned ina river. He
often thinks he is falling over a precipice, and the dread of being dafhed to _
Pieces fuddenly awakes him. This diforder has. been fuppofed to proceed from
too much blood; from a ftagnation of blood in the brain, lungs, &c.. But
it is rather a nervous affection, and arifes chiefly from indigeftion. Hence we
find that perfons of weak nerves, who lead a fedentary life, and live full, are moft
commonly afflicted with the night-mare. Nothing tends more to produce it thaa
heavy fuppers, efpecially when eaten late, or the patient goes to bed foon afters

pays? : AS 3

“8 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSI¢faN,

CURE iets F ‘perfons afflicted with the night-mare generally moan or: make
~ fome noife in the fir, they fhould be waked or fpoken to by fuch' as heat them, as
the uneafinefs generally goes off as foon as the patient is awake, or any one limb re-
‘moved; but there is oftentimes an univerfal laflitude of the whole body left be.
hind, which remains for fome fpace of time. Some fay a dram of brandy, taken at
bed-time, will prevent this difeafe. That, however, is a bad cuftom, and, imtime,
lofes its effect. We would rather have the patient depend upon the ufe of food of
eafy digeftion, cheerfulnefs, exercife through the day, and a light fupper taken early,
than to accuftom himfelf to drams. A glafs of peppermint-water will often pro-
- mote digeftion as much as a glafs of brandy, and is much fafer. After a perfon of
weak digeftion, however, has eaten flatulent food, a dram may be neceffary ; in this
cafe we would recommend it as the moft proper medicine. Perfons who are young,
and full of blood, if troubled with the night-mare, ought to take a purge fre-
quently, and ufe a fpare diet. -

_ The night-mare was fuppofed by the ancients not to be any real diforderof the
body, but to be an effect, or fenfation, derived from carnal contact in the night
with fome evil fpirit or daemon during the hours of fleep. ‘They contended, that
perfons of a luftful inclination, who, during the day, indulged in ftrong defires of

copulation, and had dreams anfwerable thereto in the night, were frequently vifited:
| byt thefe evil fpirits, whofe bufinefs it was to watch for favourable opportunities of
| feducing the mind, already half alienated from virtue and chaftity, to the moft lafci-
vious imaginations, the better to compleat their purpofe of carnal indulgence and
delight. When the weight and oppreffion on the brealt and ftomach produced by

this diforder happened to females, it was called incubus, or a male monfter ; and, —
when to males, it was called fuccubus, ora female demon, which had contact with the

man, fimilar to the male monfter with the woman ; and the laffitude and fatigue left

on the body by the difeafe. were fuppofed to be the natural effedt of this abominable:
pulation. . Abfurd as.was the dogtrine, whole volumes have been written upon
sand i in for mer days it opened a large field for prieft-craft and feduction of poor
nufpecting girls, How many reafons. have. we to be thankful for’ the
the goipel spas in Our OBS SREB En, BA for the illuminations of he

Aes iT e4 Sisk. Sete eit ose. ~tdact

ePLATULEN CIES ox WIND.

} yous tik, ents, without exception, ; are afiiic ec with wind or flatulencies
in the ftomach and Dowels, which arife chiefly from. the want of toné or vigour in
thefe organs, Crude fla lent -aliment, as green peas, beans, coleworts, cabbagess
and fuch like, may increafe this complaint ; ;_ but ftrong and healthy people are fel-

dom

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 179

dom troubled with wind, unlefs they either overload their ftomachs, or drink liquors
shat are in.a fermenting {tate, and confequently full of elaftic air, While therefore
the matter of flatulence proceeds from our aliments, the caufé which makes air fe-
parate from them in fuch quantity as to occafion complaints is almolt always a
fault of the bowels themfelves, which are too weak either to prevent the pea
tion of elaftic air, or to expel it after it is produced. ; :

CURE.,---To relieve this complaint, fuch medicines ought to be ufed as have a
_ tendency to expel wind, and, by ftrengthening the alimentary canal, to prevent its

being ‘produced there. The lift of medicines for expelling wind is very numerous ;
they often however difappoint the expectations “of both the phyfician and ‘his pa-
tient. The moft celebrated among the clafs of carminatives are juniper-berries ;
the roots of ginger and zedoary; the feeds of anife, caraway, and coriander ;
gum afafoetida and opium; the warm waters, tinctures, and fpirits, aromati¢ wa-
ter, tincture of woodfoot, volatile aromatic {pirit, ather, occ. For ftrengthening
the ftomach and bowels, and confequently for leffening the production of Aatu-
lence, the Peruvian bark, bitters, chalybeates, and exercife, are che beit venice,

Or HYSTERIC COMPLAINT S.:

_ THESE belong to the numerous tribe of nervous difeafes, which may be jaltly
=chones the reproach of medicine. Women of a delicate habit, whofe ftomach
and inteftines are relaxed, and whofe nervous fyftem i is extremely fenfible, are moft
fubject to hyfteric complaints. In fuch perfons an hyfteric fit, as it is called, may
be. brought on by an irritation of the nerves of the ftomach or inteftines, by wind,.
acrid humour, or the like. A fudden fuppreffion of the menfes often gives rife to
hyfteric firs. ‘They may likewife be excited by violent paffions or affections of the
‘mind, as fear, ‘grief, anger, or great Gifappointments, ©

« CURE. ---The radical cure of this diforder will be beft attempted at a time when
nt is moft free from the fits. It will be greatly promoted by a proper at-
tention to regimen, A milk and vegetable diet, duly perfifted in, will often per-
form a cure. Tf, however, the patient has been accuftomied to a more generous diet,
it will not he fafe to leave it off all at once, but by degrees. "The moft proper
drink is water with a fmall quantity ‘of fpirits. A cool dry air is the beit.. Cold
bathing, and every thing that braces the nerves, and invigorates the fyftem, is be-
neficial; but lying too Jong in bed, or whatever relaxes the body, is hurtful. It is:

of the greateft importance to have the-mind kept conftantly eafy and cheerful, and,
; genoa cy intane ser eed a ting purfai . a

if poffible, to have it alwa
proper medic cines are thofe which ftrengthen the alimentary canal and the whe

vQus ‘fyftem, as the preparations of i iron, the Peruvian bark, and « other bicters.
oe é

the patie

oe | SS ae

(yo CULPEPER's ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Twenty drops of the elixir of vitriol, in a cup of the infufion of the bark, may be
taken twice or thrice-aday. The chalybeate waters generally prove beneficial -in
this diforder. Hyfteric women are often afflicted with cramps in various parts of.
the body, which are moft apt to feize them in bed, or when afleep. The moft effi.
cacious medicines in this cafe are opium, bliftering-plaifters, and warm bathing or
fomentations. When the cramp or {pafm is very violent, opium is the remedy moft.
to be depended on. Cramps are often prevented or cured by compreffion, Thus
cramps in the legs are prevented, and fometimes removed, by tight bandages; and, |
_ when convulfions arife from.a flatulent diftenfion of the inteftines, or from {pafms
beginning in them, they may be often leffened or cured by making a pretty ftrong.
compreffion upon the abdomen by means of a broad belt. A roll of brimftone held
intthe hand is frequently ufed as a remedy for cramps.: though this feems to owe.
its ‘effect chiefly to imagination, yet, as it fometimes fucceeds, it merits a trial.
When fpafms or convulfive motions arife from fharp humours in the ftomach and
inteftines, no lafting relief can be procured tiil thefe are either correéted or expelled.

_ The Peruvian bark has fometimes cured periodic convulfions after other medicines
have failed::

OF HY POCHONDRIAC COMPLAINTS,

_ THESE generally attack the indolent, the luxurious, the unfortunate, and the.
udiows and are daily increafed by luxury and fedentary employments. Men of:
a.melancholy temperament, whofe minds are capable of great attention, and whofe
~ paffions are not-eafily moved, are, in the advanced periods of life, moft liable to this

diteafe. It is ufually brought on by long and ferious attention to abftrufe fubjeéts,

grief, the fuppreffion of cuftomary evacuations, excefs of venery, the repulfion of

cutaneous eruptions, long-continued Te obftructions in fome of the vif
cera, as the liver, fpleen, &c. .. ;

_ CURE..---Cheerfulnefs and ferenity of mind are by-all means to be cineca?
Exercife of every kind is.ufeful. The cold bath is likewife beneficial ; and, where.
it does not agree with the patient, frictions with the fiefh-brufh or a coarfe cloth’
may be tried, Ifthe patient has it in his power, he ought to travel either by fea or
Tani: Avoyage or along journey, efpecially towards a warmer climate, will be of

ervice than any medicine. The generalintentions of ‘cure, in this difeafe, are
to ftrengthen thealimientary canal, and to promote the fecretions, Thefe intentions
willbe ——— d by the different preparations of iron and the Peruvian bark,

rope revacuations, may be taken.in the Bie ahd as directed in the
pub cifeate.

Or

,AND COMPLETE HERBAL 181

Or A SCIRRHUS ann .CANCER.

A SCIRRHUS isa hard indolent tumour feated in fome of ‘the glands, as the

breafts, the arm-pits, &c. If the tumour becomes large, unequal, of a livid,
blackifh, or leaden, colour, and is attended with violent pain; it gets the name of an

occult cancer. When the fkin is broken, and a /anies or ichorous matter of an abo.
minably foetid {mell is difcharged from the fore, it is called an open or ulcerated can-
cer, Perfons after the age of forty-five, particularly women, and thofé who lead an
indolent fedentary life, are moft fubje&t to this difeafe. A cancer is often owing
to. fuppreffed evacuations ; hence it proves fo frequently fatal to women of a grofs
: habit, particularly old maids and widows, about the time when the menttrual Aux
ceafes. It may alfo be occafioned by the long-continued ufe of food that is too
hard of digeftion, or of an acrid nature; by. barrennefs, celibacy, indolence, cold,
blows, friction, preffure, or the like. Women often fuffer from the laft of thele by
means of their ftays, which fqueeze and comprefs their breafts fo as to occafion
great mifchief. This diforder feems often very trifling at the beginning. A hard
tumour about the fize of a hazle-nut, or perhaps finaller, is generally the firt fymp-
tom. This will often continue for a long time without feeming to increafe, or giv-
ing the patient great uneafinefs; but, if the conftitution be hurt, or the tumour ir-
ritated by preffure, or improper treatment of any kind, it begins to extend itfelf to-
wards the neighbouring parts, by puthing out a kind of roots or limbs. It then
gets the name of cancer, from a fancied refemblance between thefe limbs and the
claws of acrab. The colour of the fkin:begins to change, whiclris firlt red, after.
wards purple, then bluifh, livid, and at laft black. The patient complains of hear,
with a burning, gnawing, fhooting, pain. The tumour is very hard, rough, and un-
equal, with a protuberance, or rifing, in the middle; its fize iacreafes daily, and
the neighbouring veins become thick, knotty, and of a blackifh colour. The fkin
at*length gives way, and a thin fharp ichor begins to flow, which corrodes the
neighbouring parts till it forms a large unfightly ulcer. More occult cancers arife,
and communicate with the neighbouring glands, The pain and ftench become
intolerable ; the appetite fails; ‘the ftrength is exhautted by a continual heétic fe-
ver; at laft, a violent haemorrhage, or difcharge of blood, from ar miabl
body, with faintings, or convulfion fits, enesdlty put an at asuete

’ ‘*

patient’s life. . P
CURE..---This is one of thofe difeafes for which no certain remedy i is yet kenciatll
Its progrefs however may {ometimes be retarded, and fome of its mott difagreeable

ication: ~ One misfortune attending 't }
{fymptoms Tn mitigated, by proper applications.
is, that the unhappy patient often concealsit too long: Were proper means we in |
A .
RB a 3

2 CULREPERs ENGLISH: PHYSICLAN,

due time, a cancer, might. often-be cured; but, after the diforder has arrived at, 2
certain height, it generally, fetsyall medicine at defiance... When a fcirrhous tumour
is, firkt difcovered, the patient ought to obferve.a proper regimen, and to take-twice
or thrice a-week a dofe,of the common purging mercurial pill, Some blood may
~alfo.be let, andthe part affected may be gently rubbed twice a-day with a little of
the mercurial ointment, and kept warm with fur or flannel. .The food muff be
light, and an Englifh pint of the decoction of farfaparilla may be drunk daily,

Should the tumour not yield to this treatment, but, on the contrary, become larger

and harder, it will. be proper to extirpate it, either by the knife or cauftic, Indeed,

. whenever this can be done with fafety, the fooner it is done the better. It can an-
{wer no purpofe to extirpate a cancer after the conftitution is ruined, or thé whole
mafs of humours corrupted, by it. . This however is the;common way, which makes
the operation fo feldom fucceed. Few people will fubmit to the extirpation’ till
death ftares them in the face; whereas, if it were done early, the patient’s life would

‘Dot be endangered by the operation, and it would geherally prove a radical: cure;
The medicine moft in repute for this difeafe is hemlock. Dr. Stork, phyfician»at
Vienna, has of late recommended the extract of this plant as very efficaciousin cane
cers of every kind. The Doctor fays, he has given fome hundred-weights of it
without ever hurting any body, and often with manifeft advantage. He advifes the
patient however to begin with very {mall dofes, as two or three grains, and to increafe
the dofe gradually till fome good effect be perceived, and there to reft without fur-
ther increafe. From two or three grains at firft, the Doétor fays he has increafed the:
dofe t to two, three, or four, drachms a-day, and finds that fuch dofes may be conti-
nued for feveral weeks without any | bad confequences. The Doétor does not pre-
tend to fix thet time in which a cancer may be refolved by the ule of hemlock, but
fays he has given it for above two years in large dofes. without any apparent benefit,

-neverthelefs the patient has been cured by perfifting in the ufe of it for half a year
longer. _ This is at leaft encouragement to giveitafair trial. The powder of hem-

Jock is by fome preferred to the extraét. They are both made of the freth leaves,
as be ufed nearly i in the fame manner, Dr. Nicholfon, of Berwick, fays, he

i 7 clean. This ought never ay negledted.. The beft
this purpofe {eems to be the carrot poultice. The root of the.com-
Stated, an rations sake neh risa will. bring it to the

co!

‘AND FAMILY DISPENSAY ORY. | 18s
confiftence of a poultice or cataplafm: This mbit be applied to the fore) and re-
newed twice a-day. | It generally ‘cleans the fore, eafes the pain, and takes away the
difagreeable fmell, which are objects of no {mall j importance in fuch a dreadful dif.

order. Wort, or an infufion of malt, has been recommended hot only as @ proper
drink, but as a powerful medicine,’ in'this difeafe. Tt muft be frequently made
freth, and the patient may take it at pleafure, Two, three, or even four, Englith
pints of it may be drunk every day for a confiderable time. No benefit can be ex-
pected from any medicine, in this difeafe, unlefs it be perfifted in fora long time. It
is.of too obitinate a nature to be foon removed 5 and, when it admits of a cure at all,
it muft be brought about by inducing an almoft total change of the habit, which
muft always be a work of time. Setons or iffues in the neighbourhood of the can-
cer have fometimes good effects. When all other medicines fail; recourfe mutt be
had to opium, as a kind of folacez This will not indeed cure the difeafe, but it will
eafe the patient’s agony, and render life more tolerable while it continues, To avoid
this dreadful diforder, people ought to ufe wholefome food, to take fufficient exer-
cife in the open-air, and carefully to guard againft all blows, bruifes, and every
kind of omg upon the breafts or other glandular parts, ©

Or POISONS.

, EVERY isi ought, in fome meafure, to be acquainted with the nature and
cure of poifons. They are generally taken unawares, and their effects are often fo
fudden and violent, as not to admit of delay, or allow time to procure the affiftance
of phyficians. Happily indeed no great degree of medical knowledge is here ne-
ceffary ; the remedies for moft poifons being generally at hand, or ealily obtained,
and nothing but common prudence needful in the application of them. The cure
of all poifons taken into the ftomach, without exception, depends chiefly on dif-
charging them as foon as poffible. For this purpofe the patient thould drink
large quantities of new milk and fallad-oil till he vomits ; or he may drink warm
water mixed with oil. Fat broths are likewife proper, provided they‘can be got
ready in time. Where no oil is to be had, frefh butter may be melted and mixed
with the milk or water. Thefe thin are to be drunk as Jong as the inclination to
vomit continues. ‘Some have drunk eight or ten quarts before the vomiting ccafed 3
and it is never fafe to leave off drinking while one particle of the poifon remains i in
» the Romach. ‘Thee oily or fat, fubthances not yi ih er EB ye likes

35 CULPEPER%ssBNGLISH PHYSICIAN,

be excited by tickling the infide of the throat with a feather. Should thefe methods
however fail, half a.drachm of white vitriol, or five or fix grains of emétic tartar,
_muft be adminiftered. . If tormenting pains are felt in the lower belly, and there is
~ seafon to fear that the poifon has got down to the inteftines, clyfters of milk and oil
mutt be very frequently thrown up; and the'patient muft drink emollient decoc-
tions of barley, oatmeal, marfh-mallows, and fuch-like. He muft likewife take an
infufion of fenna and manna, a folution of Glauber’s falts, or fome other purgative:
After the poifon has been evacuated, the patient ought, for fome time, to live upon
fuch things as are of a healing and cooling quality ; to abftain from fleth and all
ftrong liquors, and to live upon milk, broth, gruel, light puddings, and other fpoon-
_meats of eafy digeftion: His drink fhould be barley-water, linfeed-tea, or infufions
of any of the mild mucilaginous vegetables. Though vegetable poifons, when
allowed to remain in the ftomach, often prove fatal; yet the danger i is generally
over as foon as they are difcharged. Not being of fuch a cauftic or corrofive na-
ture, they are lefs apt to wound or inflame the bowels than mineral fubftances, no
~ time however, ought to be loft in having them difcharged. For the bités of poi-
fonous animals, a great variety of certain and immediate cures are pointed out in
the Herbal. For the bite of a viper, however, the wound fhould be well fucked,
and afterwards rubbed with warm fallad-oil. A poultice of bread and milk, foft-
ened with fallad-oil, fhould likewife be applied to the wound; and the patient ought
to drink freely of vinegar-whey, or water-gruel with vinegar in it, to make him
{weat. Vinegar is one of the beft drinks which can be ufed in any kind of poifon,
and ought to be taken very liberally. If the patient be fick, he may takea vomit.
This courfe will be fufficient to cure the bite of any of the poifonous animals of this
country: Itis the happinefs of this ifland to have very few poifonous animals, and
thofe which we have are by no means of the moft virulent kind. We cannot how-
ever make the fame obfervation with regard to poifonous vegetables. Thefe abound
every where, and prove often fatal to the ignorant and unwary. “This indeed is
chiefly owing to careleffnefs. Children ought early to be cautioned againft eating
of fruit, roots, or berries, which they do not know; and _all poifonous
which Ee can have — ought, as. far as 'poftible, to be eee

of pac oF fone ads: pati or oo ‘whieh fetthag kane
nua a é ‘. ought to put people upon their guard with
refpect to the. former, 0 put the later seerg ey of ule. - We might: here
: — e243 ~~ , ent 0!

a. 4°
—

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 185

mention many other plants and animals of a poifonous nature which are found in
foreign countri¢s; but, as our obfervations are chiefly intended for this ifland, we
fhall pafs thefe over. It may not however be amifs to obferve, for the behoof of
fuch of our countrymen as go to America, that an effectual remedy is now faid to be
found for the bite of the rattle-fnake.---The prefcription is as follows : Take of the
roots of plantain and horehound, in fummer, roots and branches together, a fuffi-
cient quantity ; ; brutfe them in a mortar, and fqueeze out the juice, of which give,
as {oon as poffible, one large fpoonful; if the patient be {welled, you mutt force it
down his throat. This generally will cure; but, if he finds no relief in an hour
after, you may give another fpoonful, which never fails. ---If the roots are dried, they
mutt be moiftened with a little water. To the wound may be applied a leaf of good
tobacco moiftened with rum. We give this upon the faith of Dr. Brookes, who
fays i it was the invention of a negro; for the difcovery of which he had his freedom
purchafed, anda hundred pounds per annum fettled upon him ome S life, by the
_ General Affembly of Carolina.

Or INFLAMMATIONS anp ABSCESSES.

FROM whatever caufe an inflammation proceeds, it muft terminate either by dif.
- perfion, fuppuration, or gangrene. Though it is impoffible to foretel with certainty
in which of thefe ways any particular inflammation will terminate, yet a probable
conjeéture may be formed with regard to the event, from a knowledge of the pa-
tient’s age and confticution. Inflammations happening in a flight ‘degree upon
colds, and without any previous indifpofition, will moft probably be difperfed ; thofe
which follow clofe upona fever, or happen to perfons of a grofs habit of body, will
generally fuppurate ; - and thofe which attack very old people; or perfons of a dropii-
cal habit, will have a ftrong tendency to gangrene.

’ CURE.---If the inflammation be flight, and the conftitution found, the siper
fion ought always to be attempted. This will be-beft promoted by a flender ‘dilut-
ing diet, plentiful bleeding, and repeated purges. The part itfelf mutt be. foment-
ed, and, if thefkin be very tenfe, it may be embrocated with a ‘mixture of three-
; fourths of fweet oil, and one-fourth of vinegar, and _ af ds covered with a
piece of wax plaifter. If, notwithftanding theft. ‘applications, t the Symptomatic fe-
ver increafes, and the tumour becomes larger, , with violent pain and pulfation, ,it
will be proper to ‘promoted the fu <curation. The beft application for this purpdle
is a fofs poultice, which may. be renewed twice a-day. ‘If the fuppuration _ eo
but lowly, a raw onion cut fmall or bruifed may be fpread upon the poultite.
‘When the abcefs i is Tipe or fit for opening, ¥ which may eafily be known | from the
thinnefs of the {kin in the mottj ‘prominent “y of it, a Auctuation of matter : er

38. 3 ,

er be. filt tinder ‘the fing nger, ands generally fpeaking, an abatement ofthe i a “it
“may be opened either \ with a lancet or by means of caultic, The lait way in which
an, inflammation terminates is in a gangrene or mortification, the approach of which
may be known by the following fymptoms: The inflammation lofes its rednefs; and
becomes dufkith or livid; the tenfion of the skin goes off, and it feels Aabby ; lie
tle bladders filled with ichor of different colours {pread all over it ; the tamour fub-
fides, and from a duskifh complexion becomes black; a quick igi pulfe, with cold
clammy fweats, are the immediate forerunners of death, When thefe ‘fympeams
firft appear, the part oughtto be dreffed with London treatle, or a cataplafin, mad¢
of lixivium and bran; fhould the fymptoms become worfe, the part mult’ be fcart-
Ged, and afterwards dreffed with bafilicum foftened with oil of turpentine.” All
the dreffings muft be applied warm. With regard to internal medicines, the patient.
mutt be fupported with generous cordials, and the Peruvian bark exhibited in as
= large doles as the ftomach will bear it. Ifthe mortified parts fhould feparate, the

wound will become a common ulcer, and mutt be treated accordingly. This article
includes the treatment of.all thofe difeafes, which, in different parts of the country,
go by the names of biles, impofthumes, whitloes, &c. T hey are all abfceffes in con-
fequence of a previous inflammation, which, if poffible, ought to be difcuffed, ‘but,
when this cannot be done, the fuppuration fhould be promoted, and the matter dif-
charged by an incifion, if neceffary ; afterwards the mS may be drefied with i yellow
scianiogs or fome other digeftive ointment.

: a Q —
HIPBs gIB2eiF

“Or WwW O UN D Ss. i é : i a $r4-quisi EY ‘

NO SAS mS ss Has been, mote ‘oulkaben than the treatment. or “cure c of
wounds. It is however a fact; that no external application .whatever contributes
towards the cure of a wound,-any other way than by keeping ;the parts foft,, clean,
and defending them fromthe external air, which may be as effectually done; by dry
lint as by. the moft pompous applications, while itis exempt from many_of the bad
ice: _ attending them. The fame obfervation holds with refpect to inter
li s. -‘Thefe only promote the cure. of, wounds . as far as they. tend | to
woes , Or to remove any caufe that: -might obftruct. or impede. the, ,Operan

: ‘ature. ' It is nature alone that cures wounds s all that art can do is. to-re-

oftacle , and to put the rei — a condisiomet is he mott, foronable 43
nature’S efforts) ed
CURE, ~The Sift thing to be Jone ia deri: re acsaek eu, to
examine whether any foreign body be lodged j in it, as wood, ftone, iron, lead, glass,
dirt, bits of cloth, or the like. Thefe, if poffible, ought to be extracted, and the

= wound cleaned, before any dreflings be applied. ‘When that cannot be effected
with

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY, | wy

ewith tafe on accopnt of the patient’s weaknels, or lofs of bi blood, they thuft be
Suffered to remain inthe wound, and afterwards extratted when he is more able to
bear it, When a wound penetrates into any of the cavities ‘of the body, as ‘the
breaft, the bowels, &c. or where any confiderable blood-velfel i is cut, a skilful fur.
geon ought immediately to be called, otherwife the | patient may lofe his life. But
fometimes the difcharge of blood is fo great, that, if ic bé not ftopped, the patient
may die, even before a furgeon, though at no great diftance, can arrive. Yn this
cafe, fomething muft be done by thofe who are prefent. If the wound be in any of
the limbs, the bleeding may generally be ftopped by applying a tight ligature or
bandage round the member alittle above the wound. In parts where this baridage
cannot be applied, various other methods may be tried to ftop the bleeding, a$ the
application of ftyptics, aftringents, &c. Cloths dipped in a folution of blue vierio?
in water, or the ftyptic water of the difpenfatories, may be applied to the wound.
When thefe cannot be obtained, ftrong fpirits of wine may be ufed. Some recom~
mend the agaric of the oak as preferable to any of the other ftyptics, and indeed it
deferves confiderable encomiums, Iris eafily obtained, and ought to be’ kept in
every family, in cafe of accidents. A piece of it muft be laid upon the wound, and
covered with a good deal of lint, above which a bandage may’ be applied ‘fo riche a9
to keep i itfirmly on. Though fpirits, tinétutes, ‘and ‘hot balfams, may be wfed, in
order to ftop the bleeding when it is exceflive, they are improper’ at other times.
They donot promote but retard the cure, and often change a fimple wound tito an
ulcer. People imagine, becaufe hot balfams congeal the blood, and feem, as it were,
to folder up the wound, that they therefore heal. it; but this is only a deception.
They may indeed ftop the flowing blood, by fearing the mouths of the veffels; but,
by rendering the parts callous, they obftruét the cure. » When @ wound is greatly
ied: the moft proper application is a poultice of bread and milic, foftened with
a little fwéet oiF or frefh butter. «This muft ‘be applied inftead of a plaifter, and
thould be thatiged twice a-day. ‘If the wound be large, and there is: reafon to fear
dn inflamitiation, the patient fhowld be kepton'@ very femoedinng Sten stuf shisin
foi Meth, ftrong Fiquors, and every thing’ that is of a heating nature. If he be ofa
fill habit; and ‘has Toft but little blood from the wound, he! mutt be-bleds and, if
be repeated. But; when the paticnt bag
the fymptoms be urgént, the operation may
been greatly weakened by lofs of blood from the wound, it wil] be dangerous to
fhéuld-enfue,) Nature fhould never be (90 Fat, 6%

bleed him even though a fever
haufted : it is always more fafe toallow her to ftruggie with the Gear es wa

Saree nie a + il [nD

eat tats *h

#$ = CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN, a

Or BURNS.

IN flight burns which do not break the skin, it is cuflomary to hold the part near
the fire for a competent time, torub it with falt, or to lay a comprefs upon it dip-
ped in fpirits of wine or brandy. But, when the burn has penetrated fo dtep as to
blifter or break the skin, it mutt be dreffed with fome of the liniments for burns,
or with the emollient and gently drying ointment, commonly called Turner’s ce-
rate. This may -be mixed with an equal quantity of frefh olive oil, and {pread upon
a foft rag, and applied to the part affeéted.. When this Ointment cannot be had,
an egg may be beat up with about an equal quantity of the fweeteft fallad oil. This
will ferve very well till a proper ointment can be prepared. When the burning is
very deep, after the firft two or three days, it fhould be dreffed with equal parts of
"yellow bafilicum and Turner’s cerate mixed together. When the burn is violent,
or has occafioned a high degree of inflammation, and there is reafon to fear a gan-
rene or mortification, the fame means mutt be ufed to prevent it as are recommend-
ed in other violent inflammations. The patient, in this café, muft live low, and
drink freely of weak diluting liquors. He muft likewife be bled, and have his
body kept open. But, if thé burnt parts fhould become livid or black, with other
_ fymptoms of mortification, it will be neceflary to bathe them frequently with warm
camphorated fpirits of wine, tincture of myrrh, or other antifeptics, mixed with a
decoétion of the bark, In this cafe the bark muft likewife be taken internally, and.
the patient’s diet muft be more generous... - ne: Rg A

Or BRUISES.

IN flight. bruifes it will be fufficient to bathe. the part with warm vinegar, to
which a little brandy or rum may occafionally be added, and to keep cloths wet
with this mixture conftantly applied to it. | ‘This is more proper than rubbing. it
with brandy, fpirits of wine, or other ardent fpirits, which are commonly. ufed ia
uch cafes. In fome parts of the country the peafants apply to.a recent bruife a
plafm of freth cow-dung. I haveoften feen this cataplafm applied to. violent
Soccalioned by blows, falls, bruifes,, and fuch Jike, and never knew it
> havea good effect. Whena bruife is very violent, the patient ought imme-
diately to bebled, and put upon a proper regimen, His food fhould be light and
cool, and his drink weak, and of an opening natures as whey fweetened with honey,
decoctions of tam; t i nds, barley, cream-tartar-whey, and fuch-like. The br uifed
part muft be bathed with vinegar and water, as dire€ted above; and a poultice
made by boiling crumb of bread, elder-flowers, and camomile-flowers, in equ
quantities of vinegat and water, applied to it. This poultice is peculiarly. Pre

:

~

.AND FAMILY DISEEN SATORY, 183

when : a wound 4 is joined to the brite, It may be : renewed. two or three timtes aden, ;
As the ftructure of the veffels is totally deftroyed:by a violent bruife, there often
| enfues a great lofs of fubftance, which produces an ulcerous fore very difficult ro
cure. If the bone be affected, the fore will not heal before an exfoliation takes
place; that i is, before the difeafed part of the bone feparates, and comes out through ‘
the wound. This is often a very flow operation, and may even require feveral years
to be completed. Hence it happens, that thefe fores are frequently miftaken for the
king? s evil, and treated as fuch, though, in faét, they proceed folely from the injury
which the folid parts received from the blow. Patients in this fituation are peftered
- with different advices. Every one who fees them propofes a new remedy, till the
fore is fo much irritated with various and oppofite applications, that it is often at
length rendered abfolutely incurable. The beft method of managing fuch fores i isy
to take care that the patient’s conftitution does not fuffer by confinement, or im-
proper medicine, and to apply nothing to them but fome fimple ointment fpread
upon foft lint, over which a poultice of bread and milk, with boiled camomile-
flowers, or the like, may be put, to nourifh the part, and keep it foft and warm,
Nature, thus affifted, will generally in time operate a cure, by throwing off the dif-
eafed parts of the bone, after which the fore foon heals, _ |

OF UE CBR 'IGS oltodinom ts

_ ULCERS may be the confequence of wounds, bruifes, or so ip oe impro-
perly treated ; they may likewife proceed from an ill {tate of the humours, or what
may be called a bad habit of body. In the latter cafe, they ought not to be hattily’
dried up, otherwife it may prove fatal to the patient.. Ulcers happen moft com-
monly i in the decline of life ; and perfons who neglect exercife, and live grofsly, are
moft liable to them. They might often be ieyellicd by retrenching fome part of
the foli d food, or by opening artificial drains, as iffues, fetons, or the like. It re-
quires confiderable fkill to be able to judge whether or not an ulcer ought 1 to be
dried up. ‘In general, all ulcers which proceed from a bad habit of body fhould 7
fuffered to continue open, at leaft till the confticution has ‘been fo far changed by
proper regimen, or the ufe of medicine, that they feem difpoiec ‘to heal of their re
accord. Ulcers which are the effect of malignant fevers, or other i difea Fe
may generally be healed with fafety after the health has been reltored for vi =
The cure ought not, however, to erg tempt rte edt | ae ice nor at any time without the
, ufe of purging medicines and a roper reg

wrong treatment, degenerated into” ule Hs:
generally be healed with fafety. “When ‘lear either accompany chronical d

or oe in their ftead, they rae be cautioully healed. If'an ulcet conduces oie

wo CULPREPER?s,ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,
patient’s health, from-whatever caufe it proceeds, it ought not to be héaleds but’
if, on the contrary, it waftes the ftrenath, and confumes the patient by a flow fever,
" it fhould be healed’as foon as. poffible.- We would earneftly recommenda ftri& ‘ate>
tention te thefe particulars, to all who have the misfortune to labour under this
diforder, particularly perfons in the decline of life; as we have frequently known
people throw away their lives by the want of it, while they were extolling and ge->
neroufly rewarding thofe whom they ought to have looked upon’ as their execu-:
tioners.. The moft proper regimen for promoting the cure of ulcers, is to-avoid all
fpices, falted'and high-feafoned food, all {trong liquors, and to leffen the ufial
quantity of flefh meat. The body ought to be kept gently open by a diet confift-
ing chiefly of cooling laxative vegetables, and by drinking butter-milk,: whey
fweetened with honey, or the like. A fiftulous ulcer can feldom be cured without
an operation. It muft either be laid open fo as to havé its callous parts deftroyed by
fome corrofive application, or they muft be entirely cut away by the knife; but, as
this operation requires the hand of an expert furgeon, there is no occafion to defcribe
it,’ Ulcers about the azus are moft apt to become fiftulous, and are very difficult
to cure. : Some, indeed, pretend to have found Ward's filtuia-pafte very fuccefsful
in this‘complaint. It is not a dangerous medicine, and, being eafily procured, it
may deferve a trial; but, as thefe ulcers generally proceed from an ill habit of body,
they will feldom yield to any thing except a long courfe of regimen, affifted by me-

dicines, which are calculated to correét that particular habit, and to pores an
aloft total Seengel in the conititution,

OF DISLOCATIONS.

WHEN a bone is moved out of its place or articulation, fo as to impede its pro-
_ Per functions, it is faid to be luxated or diflocated. As this often happens to per-

_ fons in fituations where no medical affiftance can be obtained, by which means
__ limbs, and even lives, are frequently loft, we fhall endeavour to point out the me-
thod-of edeting: the moft common loxations, and thofe which require immediate
ffiftance, Any: perfon of - common fenfe and refolution, who is prefent) when a ~ ,

Siaiaiting till they are gone off, the mutfetés become fo relaxed, and

= ’ difle | va up thar the — can never tesesieietess te retained i in its hic A

the age, ii aa wh ot cians, of € the: eerie “When the Bohetas
kG. | rece been

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. > igt

: been out of its place for any confiderable time, and a {welling or inflanimation has
come on, it will‘be neceffary to bleed the patient, and, aftér fomenting the part, to
apply foft poultices with vinegar to itfor fome time before'the redudtion is selieaife:

ed All that is neceffary after the reduction, is to appiy cloths dipped in vinegar or

camphorated fpirits of wine to the part, and to keep it: perfeétly eafy. Many bad
confequences proceed from the neglect of this rule. A diflocation: feldom happens
without the tendons and ligaments of the joint being ftretched and fometimeé torn.
When thefe are kept-eafy till they recover their ftrength and tone, all goes on-very
well; but, if the injury be increafed by too frequent an exertion of the parts, no
- wonder if they be found weak and difeafed ever after. eae te Pd
“ DiastocaTion oF THE Jaw.---The ufual method of reducing a diflocated jaw, is
to fet the patient upon a low ftool, fo as an affiftant may hold the head firm by pref-
fing it again{t his breaft. . The operator is then to thruft his two thumbs, being ifirft
wrapped up with linen cloths that they may not flip, as far back into® the patient's
mouth as he can, while his fingers are applied to the jaw externally, After he has
got firm hold of the jaw, he is to prefs it ftrongly downwards and backwards, by
which means the elapfed heads of the jaw may be eafily puthed into their former
- cavities. ‘Fhe peafants, in fome parts of the countrys. have apeculiar way of pers:
forming this operation. Oneof them puts a handkerchief under the patient's chin,
then, turning his back to that of the patient, pulls him up by:the chin doa to ful
-pend:-him from the ground. This method often fucceeds, but we think ita dange-
rous one, and therefore recommend the former. » Aatt be,
-DistocaTion or THE Neck.---The neck may be diflocated by falls, violent
blows, or the like, In this cafe, if the patient receives no affiftance, he toon diss,
which makes people imagine.the neck was broken: it is, however, for the “ee
part, only partially diflocated, and may be reduced-by almolt any ais sili
tefolution enough to attempt ic. A complete diflocation of the neck is inftantaneous
death, When the neck is diflocated, the patient 1s immediately deprived of all fenie

and motion; his neck fwells, his countenance appears bloated, his chin lies upon

ts his. breatt, and. his face is generally turned sireands 996 fide, To reduce this dif-
| the unhappy perfon fhould immediately be Jaid upon

2 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

tient ought to be bled, and fhould be fuffered to reft for fome days, till the parts
recover their proper tone. *

DishocatTion oF THE SHOULDER.---The humerus or upper bone of the arm may
be diflovated in various directions: it happens however moft frequently down-
wards, but very feldom directly upwards. From the nature of its articulation, as
well as from its expofure to external injuries, this bone is the moft fubject to difle-
cation of any in the body. A diflocation of the humerus may be known by a de-
_ preffion or cavity on the top of the fhoulder, and an inability to move the arm.
When the diflocation is downward or forward, the arm is elongated, anda ball
or lump is perceived under the arm-pit; but when it is backward, there appears a
protuberance behind the fhoulder, and the arm is thrown forwards toward the
breaft. The ufual method of reducing diflocations of the fhoulder is to feat the -
patient upon a low ftool, and to caufe an affiftant to hold his body fo that it may
not give way to'the extenfion, while another lays hold of the arm a little above the
elbow, and gradually extends it. The operator then puts a napkin under the pa-
tient’s arm, and catifes it to be tied behind his own neck ; by this, while a fufii-
cient extenfion is made, he lifts up the head of the bone, and with his hands direéts
it into its proper place. There are various machines invented for facilitating this
operation, but the hand of an expert furgeon is always more fafe. In young and
delicate patients, it is a very eafy matter to reduce the fhoulder by extending the
arm with one hand, and thrufting in the head of the bone with the other. In mak-
ing the extenfion, the arm ought always to be.a little bent. _

Distocation oF tue Exsow. ---The bones of the fines may be diflocatea
in any dire€tion. When this is the- ‘cafe, a_protuberance may be-obferved on that
_ fide of the arm towards which the bone is pufhed, from which, and the patient’s ‘in-
ability to bend his arm, a diflocation of this joint may eafily be known. Two af-
_ fiftants are generally neceffary for reducing a-diflocation of the elbow ; one of them
muft lay hold of the arm above, and the other below, the joint, and make a pretty
ftrong extenfion, while the operator returns the bones into their proper place. Af-
terwards the arm muft be bent, and fufpended for fome time with a fling about the .

ec — of the wrift and fingers are to be reduced i in. athe fame manner as

| te and foot are- eviad out, and clas leg is longer than the other ;
‘but, when it is difplac ed backward, it is ufually pufhed upward at the fame time,
‘by which means the limb i is thortened, and the foot is turned inwards. “When the
er bone is Saisse orware and Goward, he patient, in order to have at
. reduced,

: AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 153
ug aC be laid upon his back, and made fait by bandages, or held by affif.
j y others an.extenfion is made by means of flings fixed about the bot-
tom of the thigh alittle above the knee. While the extenfion is made, the opera-
tor muft pufh the head of the bone outward, till it gets into the focket. If the
diflocation be outward, the patient muft be Jaid upon his face, and, during the
extenfion, the head of the bone muft be pufhed inward. . Diflocations of the knees,
ancles, and toes, are reduced much in the fame manner.as thofe of the upper ex-
tremities, viz. by making an extenfion in oppolite directions, while the operator
_Yeplaces the bones. In many cafes, however, the extenfion alone is fufficient, and
_ the bone will flip into its place merely by pulling the limb with fufficient force. It
is not hereby meant, that force alone is fufficient for the reduttion of diflocations,

Or BROKEN BONES, &c.

THERE is, in moft country villages, fome perfon who pretends to the art of re-
ducing fractures. ‘Though, in general, fuch perfons are very ignorant, yet fome of
them are very fuccefsful ; which evidently proves, that a {mall degree of learning,
with a fufficient fhare of common fenfé and a mechanical head, will enable a man to

ibe ufeful in this way. We would, however, advile people never to employ fuch
operators, when an expert and fkilful furgeon can be had; but, when that is im-
practicable, they muft be employed: we fhall therefore recommend the following
hints to their confideration: when a large bone is broken, the patieat’s diet ought,
in all refpeéts, to be the fame as in an inflammatory fever. He fhould likewile be
kept quiet and cool, and his body open by emollient clyfters, or, if thefe cannot be
conveniently adminiftered, by food that is of an opening quality; as ftewed prunes,
apples boiled in milk, boiled fpinage, and the like. It ought however to be here
temarked, that perfons who have been accuftomed to live high are not all of a
fudden to be reduced to a very low diet. This might have fatal effects. There is
Often a neceflity for indulging even bad habits, in fome meafure, where the nature
Of the difeafe might require a different treatment. It will generally be neceffary to
bleed the patient immediately after a frature, efpecially if he be young, of a full
habit, or has, at the fame time, received any bruife or contufion. ee ab
fhould not only be performed foon after the accident happens, but, if the patient be

are broken, the patient mutt keep his bed forteveral w : jeans ne

ceffary, however, that he fhould lie all that time, as 1s cuftomary, upon his back.

This fituation finks the fpirits, gal alls and frets the patie nt’s fkin, a nd renders “ 3 him in

very uneafy. After the fecond week he may be gently raifed up, and may nak:
38. | 3D

194 CULPEPER? s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

hours, fupported by a bed-chair, or the like, which will greatly relieve him. Great
care, however, mutt be taken in raifing him up, and laying him down, that he make
no exertions himéelf, otherwife the action of the mufcles may pull the bone out of
its place. It has been cuftomary, when a bone was broken, to keep the limb for
five or fix weeks continually upon the ftretch. But this is a bad. pofture. Tei is
both uneafy to the patient and unfavourable to the cure. _ The beft fituation i is to
keep the limb a little bent. This is the pofture into which every animal puts its
limbs when it goes to reft, and in which feweft mufcles are upon the ftretch. It is
eafily effected, by either laying the patient upon his fide, or making the bed fo as to
favour this pofition of the limb. All that art can do towards the cure of a broken
bone, is to lay it perfectly ftraight, and to keep it quite eafy. All tight bandanges
do hurt. They had much better be wanting altogether. A great many of the bad
confequences which fucceed to fractured Boriés are owing to'tight bandages. The
beft method of retention is by two or more {plints made of leather or pafteboard.

Thefe, if moiftened before they be applied, foon affume the fhape of the included
member, and are fufficient, by the affiftance of a very flight bandage, for all the
purpofes of retention. The fplints fhould always be as long as the limb, with holes
cut for the ancles when the fracture is in the leg. In fractures of the ribs, where a
bandage cannot be properly ufed, an adhefive plaifter may be applied over the part.

The patient, in this cafe, ought to keep himfelf quite eafy, avoiding every thing that
~ may occafion fheezing, laughing , coughing, or the like. He ought to keep his
body in a ftraight pofture, and thould take care that his ftomach be conftantly dif-
tended, by taking frequently fome light food, and drinking freely of weak watery.
: liquors. The moft proper external application for a fracture is oxycrate, or a ~
mixture of vinegar and water. The bandages fhould be wet with. this ‘at ev very
dreffing. :

Or STRAINS.

- STRAINS a are often attended with worfe confequences than broken'bones. The
reafo ‘is obvious, they are generally negleéted. When a bone is broken, the patient
ged to keep the member eafy, becaufe he cannot make ufe of it; but, when
y ftrained, the perfon, finding he can fill make a fhift to move it, is
3 time for fo trifling anailment, In this: ‘way he deceives himfelf, and
ncurable malady what might have been removed by only keeping

tora cw days. Country people generally immerfe a ftrained limb ia
cold water. This i is very. Proper, provided i it be done iminediately, and not kept in
tov long. But the cuftom of keeping the part immerfed in cold water for a long

time, is certainly dangerot Se Tt relaxes inftead of bracing the part, and is more
F ye ae PuOO iO Tey

_ this fituation flannel cloths wrung out of a

AND COMPLETE HERBAL 7 > | yp
likely to.produce a difeafe than remove one, Wrapping a garter, or fome other
bandage, pretty tight about the ftrained part, is likewife of ule. ‘Tr helps to rettore
the proper tone of the veffels, and prevents the action of the parts from increafing
the difeafe. It fhould not however be applied too tight, Bleeding near the af-
fected part will frequently have a very good effect: but what we would recom-
mend above all is eafe. It is more to be depended on than any medicine, and fl-
dom fails to remove the complaint. . |

Or RUPTURES.

- CHILDREN and very old people are moft liable to this difeafe. In the former
it is generally occafioned by excefflive crying, coughing, vomiting, or the like. In
the latter, it is commonly the effect of blows or violent exertions of the ftrength, as
leaping, carrying great weights, &c. In both, a relaxed habit, indolence, and an
oily or very moift diet, difpofe the body to this difeafe. A rupture fometimes proves
fatal before it is difcovered. Whenever ficknels, vomiting, and obitinate coftive-
nefs, give reafon to fufpeét an obftruction of the bowels, all thofe places where rup-
tures ufually happen ought carefully to be examined. The protrufion of a very

fmall part of the gut will occafion all thele fyaiptoms ; and, if not returned in due

time, will prove mortal. On the firft appearance of a rupture in an infant, it ought

to be laid upon its back, with its head very low. _ While in this pofture, if the gut

_ does not return of itfelf, it may eafily be put up by gentle preffure. . After it is re-
aifter may be applied over the part, and: AOR se
or bandage mutt be conftantly worn for a confiderable time, _ The method of mak-
ing and applying thefe rupture-bandages for children. 4s pretty baie i
child mutt, as far as poffible, be kept from crying, and from all violent motion, er
the rupture is quite healed. In adults, when the gut has hace forced. Syn with
great violence, or happens, from any caufe, to be inflamed, there is often ars dif-
‘ficulty in returning it. , The patient should be Dleds Bye : te
upon his back, with his head very low, aay ee ee
CO pe A be applied fora confider-
Jarge [pgonful of butter and.a

| | Te thefe fhould not prove fuccelsful, te.
little falt, may be afterwar ds thrown MP; off pape eek aahe able. ous ,

courfe muft be had to preffure. If the tumour de Ns") "vo? oT AS
puri ee R ¢ alone which fucceeds here. The operator, atthe

be.neceflary ;. but it is not force alone which iucceecs." Bs pre
mineer HAL x0 BE ABSE AOE LED palms of his hands, mult with his fingers

turned, a piece of fticking-pl

flowers, or, if thefe are not at hand, of ware wattle,
able time... A clyfter made of this decoction, with a

fame time that he makesa preffuure with the

ore Bo he eae : 4 hrough which it Vala a Saas

artfully conduct the gut in by, the. fame aperture th eR Ce id ye
_ artfully conduét the gut in by/the ® : ribed. Should thefe
poanncs of doing this can be much eafier gonesived. san <a se ~~ endeavours.

‘

196 CULPEPER’s' ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

endeavours prove ineffectual, clyfters of the fmoke of tobacco may be tried. Thefe
have been often known to fucceed where every other method failed. An adult, af.
ter the gut has been returned, muit wear a fteel bandage. It is needlefs to de-
feribe this, as it may always be had ready-made from the artifts. Such bandages —
are generally irkfome to the wearer for fome time, but.by cuftom they become quite
éaly. No perfon who has had-a rupture after he arrived at man’s eftate fhould ever
be without one of thefe bandages. Perfons who have a rupture ought carefully to
avoid all violent exercife, carrying great weights, leaping, running, and the like.
They fhould likewife avoid windy aliment and ftrong liquors; and fhould carefully
guard againtt catching cold.

Or RECOVERING DROWNED PERSONS, ~

WHEN 4 perfon has remained above a quarter of an hour under water, there can
be no confiderable hopes of recovery. But, as feveral circumftances may happen
to have continued life, in fuch an unfortunate fituation, beyond the ordinary term,
we fhould never too foon trefign the unhappy object to his.fate, but try every me-
-thod for his relief, as there are many well-attefted proofs of the recovery of perfons —
to life and health who had been taken out of the water apparently dead, and who
remained a confiderable time without exhibiting any figns of life. The firft thing
to be done, after the body is taken out of the water, is to convey it, as foon as pof-
fible, to fome convenient place where the neceflary operations for its recovery may
be performed. In attempting to recover perfons apparently drowned, the principal
intention to be purfued is, to reftore the natural warmth, upon which all the vital
_ fundtions depend ; and to excite thefe functions by the application of ftimulants,
not only to the fkin, but likewife to the lungs, inteftines, &c. Though cold was by
ho means the caufe of the perfon’s death, yer it will prove an effectual obftacle to his
‘recovery. For this reafon, after ftripping him of his wet clothes, his body muft be
rongly rubbed for a confiderable time with coarfe linen cloths, as warm as they can

bet '; and, as foon as a well-heated bed can be got ready, he may be laid in it,
and the rubbing fhould be continued. ‘Warm cloths ought likewife to be frequent-
ly ap ) the ftomach and bowels, and hot bricks, or bottles of warm water, to

the fol : feet, and to the palms of the hands. Strong volatile fpirits fhould be
-applied to the nofe; and the fpine of the back and pit of the ftomach
ith warm brandy or fpirit of wine. The temples ought always to

be chafed with volatile fpirits; and ftimulating powders, as that of tobacco or mar-
joram, may be blown up the noftrils. To renew the breathing, a ftrong perfon may
blow his own breath into the patient’s mouth with all the force he can, holding his
hoftrils at the fame time. “When it can be perceived, by the rifing of the cheft or

7 : = 3 = belly,

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY, 197

belly, that the lungs are filled with air, rhe perfon oughtto defi from blowing, and
fhould prefsthe breaft and belly fo asto expel the air again; and this operation may
_ be repeated for fome time, alternately inflating and depreffing the lungs fo'as toimi-
tate natural refpiration. But the author, after along and laborious courfe of praéti-
cal chemiftry, has difcovereda liquid medium called the SOLAR TINCTURE,
which poffeffing all the properties of animated blood, will, by -being poured into the
ftomach, reanimate, and reftore fufpended life; and, for this benevolent purpofe,
it fuperfedes ‘every other act and invention.: ‘Thofe who have ftudied the admira-
ble conftruction of the human machine know, that its diffolution cannot naturally
happen but by a general decay of the whole fyftem, when the vefiels become impet-
vious to the fluids, the circulation weakened or deftroyed, and the vital organs no
- longer able to perform their office. But, when their functions are merely fufpended
by fome fudden fhock, it may be likened to the ftate of a watch ftopped by a fall,
hits refumes its motion the inftant that injury is repaired. In the animal cecono-
, “the BLOOD is the LIFE ;” therefore, if its circulation be fufpended or de-
esa: death follows. But if the blood can be re-agitated, and 1 its circulation re-
fumed, life will of neceffity be reftored. For this purpofe let two or three table
fpoonfuls of the Solar Tinéture be introduced as. early as poffible into the
ftomach, and rubbed profufely in by a warm hand, upon the {pine of the back, '
Joins, breaft, and region of the heart, and poured into the wound, if there
‘be any, the warm ftimulating quality of the medicine, affifted by the exter-
“nal heat and friction, will rouze the ftagnant blobd and juices, particularly in the
‘rand refervoir the heart, where rarefying, prefling every way, and being refitted by
the valves, will {well fq asto fill the flaccid right auricle of the heart, which by the
fhock had become empty and at reft; and thus ftimulating its fibres, will put them ~
_ Into motion. ‘The right auricle being thus filled, and ftimulated into contraction,
fills the ventricle; which, by this means being irritated, likewife contracts andemp-.
ties itfelf into the pulmonary artery; and, the moment this is done, the arg
“begins again where it left off, and the lungs, being filled by the dephlogifticated air
- ‘contained i in the medicine, begin | to aét, and life is reftored, provided the ida and
juices ‘are in a'fit difpofition for it, which they undoubtedly are much oftener ‘< <
imagined. Nor is this ftimulating action of the Tincture upon - a ype ‘ale
prifing ; for every medical man knows, or ought to know, ee oe

‘pi ter thrown
‘tistaken out of the body, if it ‘be pricked d wit ih . age or oe can vi = |
‘upon it, will beat afreth, and endeavo I t its functions, thoug It |

before i it had been ‘motionlefs. ‘No perfon ‘therefore oug sht to be ene ans 4
tilthe energy of the blood is fo far. gone, that it can never again be agi

icle of the heart.
: fill and ftimulate i into contraétion the right fms venofus and agit lkay Be" :
To demonftrate the reanimating powers of this medicine, es sad

“30. 38

wg X

~~

\

198 CULPEPER'’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

upon a fowl], lamb,:cat, dog, or other animal, by plunging them under water uatil

they ate.apparently dead, or piercing them through the head, orany: par? of the bo
dy except the heart; by/!fuffocation, or an electrical fhock ; for fudden death, how-
foever it happens, whether by drowning or otherwife, is much the fame ag to its ef-
fects on the vital organs, confequently they are all to be treated in a fimilar manner.
This medicine is likewife'an abfolutecure for the {curvy, in its moft advanced fta-
' ges; and is a fovereign remedy for relaxations, debility, laffitude, tremors, finking
of the fpirits, and all thofe nervous affections which harrafs and opprefs the weak,
fedentary, and delicate, and are often the confequences of high living, and luxuriant
indulgencies, without bodily exercife and frefh air. In all thefe cafes, the Solar
Tincture is calculated to warm and fteady the cold tremulous nerves ; to fheath and
invigorate the mufcular fy {tem; to animate the {pi pirits ; and renovate the whole man,
whereby the chill watery fluids become rich and balfamic, and the circulation re-

_ fumes its healthful ftate. It may be had of every ftationer who ae my works,

Or CONVULSION PItTs

~ CONVULSION fits often conftitute the laft {cene of acute or chronic difor-
gee When this is the cafe, there can remain but fmall hopes of the patient’s re-
‘covery after expiring ina fit. But when a perfon, who appears to be in perfeét
‘health, is fuddenly feized with a convulfion fic, and feems to expire, fome attempts
ought always to be made to reftore him to life. Infants are moft liable to conyul-
fions, and are often carried off very fuddenly by one or more fits about the- time of _
teething. ‘There are many well-a uthenticated accounts of infants having been re-
ftored tolife, after they had to all appearance expired in convulfions ; but we fhall
only relate the following inftance mentioned by Dr. Johnfon in his pamphlet on the
practicability of recovering perfons vifibly dead: In the parifh of St. Clemens, at
Colchefter, a child of fix months old, lying upon its mother’s Jap, having had. the
Ddreaft, was feized with a ftrong corivulfion fit, which lafted fo long, and ended with
- fo total a ‘privation of r motion in the body, lungs, and pulfe, that. it was deemed

° , dead. Tew was pea ftripped, laid out, the paffing-bell ordered to |

— he child, hearing of i its dies death, hattened t to ke houfe, and upon exa-
1 “t Ma it not cold, its joints limber, and fancied that a glafs fhe

hand nofe was a little damped with ‘the breath ; upon which fhe
in her lap, fat down before the fire, rubbed it, and kept it.in gentle
agitation. Ina ‘quarter of an hour fhe felt the heart beginto beat faintly; fhe then
put a little of the mother’s milk into its mouth, continued to rub its palms and
foles, found the child begin to move, and the milk was {wallowed ; and in another _

quarter -of an hour the had the. fatisfaction of reftoring to its difconfolate mother the
+ babe

» AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 199

babe quite recovered, eager.to lay hold of the breaft, and able to'fuck again, ‘The
child throve, had no.more fits, is grown up, and at prefent alive. There are many
other things which might be done, in cafe the above fhould not fucceed ; as rubbing
the body with ftrong {pirits, covering it with warm athes or falt, blowing air into
the lungs, throwing up warm {timulating clyfters, or the fmoke of tobacco, into
the. inteftines, and fuch-like. When children. are dead born, or expire foon after
the birth, the fame means ought to be ufed for their recovery as if they had expired
‘in circumftances fimilar to thofe mentioned above: Thefe direétions may likewife
be extended to adults, attention being always paid to the age and other circum-
ftances of the patient. The means ufed with fo much eficacy “in recovering
drowned perfons are, with equal fuccefs, applicable to a number of cafes where the
powers of life feem in reality to be only fufpended, and to remain capable of renew-
‘ing all their. fun¢tions, on being put into motion again, Ir is thocking to reflea,
that for want of this confideration many perfons have been committed to the grave,
. inwhom the principles of life might have been revived. The cafes wherein fuch

_ endeavours are moft likely to be attended with fuccefs, are. all thofe called fudden

deaths from an invifible caufe, as apoplexies, hyfterics,, faintings, and many other
diforders wherein perfons i in a moment fink down and expire. The, various cafual-
ties in which they may be tried are, fuffocations from the fulphureous damps_of
mines, coal-pits, &c. the unwholefome air of long-unopened wells or caverns; the

- noxious vapours arifing from fermenting liquors; the fteams of burning charcoal;
fulphyreous mineral acids; arfenical efluvia, &c. &c.

Or COLD BATHING.

_ IMMERSION: in cold water is a cuftom which lays claim to the moft remote
snieaeiel indeed it muft have been coeval with man himfelf. The neceflity of

_ - water for the purpofes of cleanlinefs, and the pleafure arifing from its application to

- the body in hot countries, muft very early have recommended it to the human {pe-
cies. Even the example of other animals was fufficientto give thehinttoman, By
inftin& many of them are led to apply cold water in this mannet 5 and fome, when

_ deprived of its ufé, have been known to languifh, and evento die. But whether the

practice of cold bathing arofe from neceffity, reafoning, or imitation, is an inquiry of
no importance; our bufinefs is to point out the advantages which may be derived
from it, and to guard people againft an improper ufe of it, The cold bath recom-
mends itfelf ina variety of cales ; and i is peculiarly beneficial to the inhabitants of :
populous cities, who indulge in idlenefs and lead fedentary lives. In perfons of ch this

defcription the aétion of the folids is always too nia aa aaa E i lacy
¢ i apap
“sepa @ crude mE Ec maf of humours, and obftru or ra rg og a

on, ;
OE

200 CULPEPER’ ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

-¥

velels and glandular fy Nels: Cold water, from its gravity, aswell as its tonic power,
is well calculated either to obviate or remove thefe {ymptoms.° It accelerates the
motion of the blood, promotes the different fecretions, and gives permanent: vigour
toil he folids. ‘But all thefe important purpotes will be more effentially anfwered by
the application of fale water. ‘his ought not only to be preferred) on account of -
its fulperior gravity, but likewife for its greater power of f{timulating the skinj which
promotes the perfpiration, and prevents the. patient from catching cold. It is ne-
ceflary, however, to obferve, that cold bathing is more likely to prevent than to
remove obitructions of the glandular or lympahatic fyftem. Indeed, when thefe
: have arrived at a certain pitch, they are not to be removed by any means. In this
cafe the cold bath will only aggravate the fymptoms, and hurry the unhappy patient
into an untimely grave. It is therefore of the utmost j importance, previous to the
patient’s entering upon the ufe of the cold bath, to determine whether or not he Ja-
_bours under any obftinate obftructions of the j jungs or other vifcera; and, where
this i is the cafe, cold bathing ought ftriétly to be prohibited. In what is called a
plethoric ftate, or too great a fulnefs of the body, it is likewife dangerous to ufe the
cold bath, without due preparation. In this cafe there is great danger of burfting a
as blood-veflel, or. occafioning an inflammation of the brain, or fome of the vifcera.
This p precaution is the more neceffary to citizens, as moft of them live full, and are
of a grofs habit, Yet, what j is very remarkable, thefe people refort in crouds every
feafon to the fea-fide, and Plunge in the water without the leaft confideration. ’“No
doubt they often elcape with |imponity, but does this give a fanction to the practice ?
Perfons of this defcription ought by no means to bathe, unlefs the body has been
previoufly prepared by fuitable e evacuations. Another clafs of patients, “who ftand

po

ge seftions and obftruétions of. i viens, ands in this: sake ie will not be able to bear
~ th of, the cold. water. For them, therefore, and indeed for all delicate people,
an L would. be to accuftom themlelves toit by the moft pleafing and gentle
1 ought t to begin with the temy perat bath, and gradually ufe it cooler,
coldett, proves quite agreeable. Nature revolts againtt all great
hofe who do violence to her didtates havesaften cau fe to repent of |

the lat iE t ee ne powers cease proper. “It
promotes their g ro W Preates’ 3 TTS A

no

nage a ;

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY, 201

nd doubt the morning, or at leaft before dinner; and the bett mode, that of quick
immerfion. As cold bathing has a conftant tendency to propel the blood and other
humours towards the head, it ought to be a rule always to wet that part as {oon as
-pofible. By due attention to this circumtance, there is reafon to believe, that vio-
lent head-achs, and other complaints, which frequently proceed from cold bathing,
might be often prevented. The cold bath, when too.long continued in, not only
occafions an exceffive flux of humours towards the head, but chills the blood,
cramps the mutcles, relaxes the nerves, and wholly defeats the intention of bathing,
Hence, by not adverting to this circumftance, expert fwimmers are often injured,
and fometimes even lofe their lives: All the beneficial purpofes of cold bathing
are anfwered by one fingle immerfion; and the patient ought to be rubbed dry the
moment he comes out of the water, and fhould continue to take exercife for fome
time after. When cold bathing occafions chilnefs, lois of appetite, liftleffhels, pain
of the breaft or bowels, a proftration of ftrength, or violent head-achs, it ought to.

be difcontinued.. | |
Or DRINKING raz MINERAL WATERS.

THE waters moft in. ufe for medical purpofes in Britain, are thofe impregnated
with falts, fulphur, iron, and mephitic air, either feparately, or varioufly combined.
The errors which fo often defeat the intention of drinking the purgative mineral
waters, and which fo frequently prove injurious to the patient, proceed from the
manner of ufing them, the quantity taken, the regimen purfued, or ufing them in
cafes where they are not proper. Drinking the water in too great quantity, not only
injures the bowels and occafions indigettion, but generally defeats the intention for
which it is taken. ‘The difeafes for the cure of which mineral wacers are chiefly
celebrated, are moftly of the chronic kind; and it is well known that fuch difeafes

can only be cured by the flow operation of alteratives, or fuch medicines as aft by

~ inducing a gradual change in the habit. This requires length of time, and never

| can be effected by medicines which run of by ftool, and ereher chiefly on the firft -
paffages. Thofe who with for the cure of any obftinate malady from the mineral
waters, ought to take them in fuch a manner as hardly to produce any effect what-

ever.on the bowels. With this view a half-pint glafs may be drunk at bed-time,.
and the fame quantity an hour before breakfalt, dinner, - fupper. The dofe,
however, muft vary according to circumftances. Even the phleal ye.’ meonees ed

* ; while others will drink twice as much without being

above will purge fome perfons, ee
in the leaft pie by it. Its operation on the bowels is the only ftandard for ufing,
the water as an alterative. No more ought to be taken than barely to move the
body; nor is it always neceflary to carry it this length, provided the water goes off
fy s ne “

39. seas ed | | |

>.

m2 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

by the other emunétories, and does not occafion a chilnefs, or flatulency in the fto-
mach or. bowels, -When the water is intended to purge, the quantity mentioned
above may be all takén before breakfaft. To promote the operation of minerak
waters, and to carry them through the fyftem, exercife is indifpenfably neceffary.
Ebis may be. taken in any manner that is matt agreeable to the patient, but he’
ought never to carry it to excefs. Asa purgative, thefe waters. are chiefly recom-
mended in difeafes of the firft paffages, accompanied with, or proceeding from, in-
activity of the ftomach and bowels, acidity, indigeftion, vitiated bile, worms, putrid
fores, the piles, and jaundice.. In moft cafes of this kind, they are the beft medi-
cines that can be adminiftered. But, when ufed with this view, it is fufficient to
take them twice, or at moft three times, a week, fo as.to move the body three or four
times; and it will be proper to continue this courfe for fome weeks. But the ope-
ration of the more active mineral-waters is not confined to the bowels. They often
promote the difcharge of urine, and not unfrequently increafe the perfpiration.
This fhews that they are capable of penetrating into every part of the body, and of ©
ftimulating the whole fyftem. Hence arifes their efficacy in removing the moft
obftinate of all diforders, obftructions of the glandular and lymphatic fyftem. . Un-
der this clafs is comprehended the {crophula or king’s evil, indolent tumours, obftruc-
tions of the liver, fpleen, kidneys, and mefenteric glands. When thefe great pur-
poles are to be effected, the waters mutt be ufed in the gradual manner mentioned
above, and perfifted in for a length of time. It will be proper, however; now and’
then to difcontinue their ufe for a few days. The next great clafs of difeafes, where
mineral waters are found to be beneficial, are thofe of the fkin, as the itch, feab,.
tetters, ring-worms, fcaly eruptions, leprofies, blotches, foul ulcers, &c. Though:
: thefe may feem fuperficial, yet they are often the moft obftinate which the phyfician:
has to encounter, and not unfrequently fet his fkil? at defiance : but they wilkfome=
times yield to the application of mineral waters for‘a fufficient length of time, and
in moft cafes of this kind thefe waters deferve atrial. ; + btw

OF) tHe VENER E AL DE Sh. AS E,..

% $ peculiarly unfortunate for the unhappy perfons who contraét this difeafe,
‘es under nder a fort of difgrace. This renders difSuifé neceffary, and makes the

teither'conceal his diforder altogether, or apply to'thofe who promife a fud-

den and fecret cure; but who in faét only remove the fymptoms for atime, while’

they x the difeate’deeper in’ the habit, By this means a flight infection, which:
__, might have been ea! ly removed, is often converted into an obftinate, and fometimes:
incurable, malady. Another unfavourable cireumftance attending: this difea(e is,-

g that it aflumes a Variety of different: fhapes, and: may with more propriety. be called

rT - >

- more frequent and lafting than when natural.

~

tremely paiaful.and frequent; ”

though he feels a. conftant inclination this way, ist i

,

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 203

-

an affemblage of difeafes, than a fingle one. No two difeafes can require a more dif-
ferent method of treatment than this does in its different ftages. Hence the folly and
danger of trufting to any particular noftrum for the cure of it. Such noftrams are
however generally adminiftered in the fame manner to all who apply for them, with-
out the leaft regard to the ftate of the difeafe, the conftitution of the patient, the de-

gree of infe€tion, and a thoufand other circumftances of the utmoft inyportance.

Though the venereal difeafe is generally the fruit of unlawfal embraces, yer it may -
be communicated to the innocent as well as the guilty. Infants, nurfes, midwives,

and married women whofe hufbands lead diffolute lives, are often affected with it, and

frequently lofe their lives by not being aware of their danger indue time. The un-
happy condition of fuch perfons certainly requires that we fhould endeavour to point
out the fymptoms and cure of this too common difeafe.

Or tur VIRULENT GONORRHG@A.

THE virulent gonorrhcea is an involuntary difcharge of infeCtious matter from
the parts of generation in either fex. It generally makes its appearance. within
eight or ten days after the infection has been received ; fometimes indeed it appears
in two or three days, and at other times not before the end. of four or five weeks.
Previous to the difcharge, the patient feels an itching with a {mall degree of pain in
the genitals. Afterwards a thin glary matter begins to diftil from the urinary paf-
fage, which ftains the linen, and occafions a {mall degree of titillation, particularly
in the time of making water ; this, gradually increafing, arifes at length to a degree
of heat. and pain, which are chiefly perceived about the extremity of the urinary
paflage, where a flight degree of rednets and inflammation begin to appear. As the
diforderadvances, the pain, heat of urine, and running, increale, while frefh fymp-
toms daily enfue. In men the erections become painful and involuntary, and are

| ) This fymptom is moft troublefome
when the patient is warm in bed. The pain, which was at firft only perceived to-
wards the extremity, now begins to reach all up the urinary paffage, and is mott
pal | The running gradually re-

intenfe juft after the patient has done making water. ee
| at length puts on the appearance

cedes from the colour of feed, grows yellow, and at Hetty CROAT ih e
of matter. When the diforder has arrived at its height, all the fymptoms shine
intenfe; the heat of urine is fo great,. that the patient an is the making water, an, 3

“drops : the javoluntary erections aow becom
chitin is alfo a pain,heat, and fenfe of fulnels, about
the feat, and the: running, is plen cif " and fharp, of a brown greenith,, and, iden
of a bloody, colour. a ia Gee ee EE {BRE

-

difficulty, and often only by.

is rendered with the gre ea

204 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

“CURE. --<Whena perfon has teafon to fufpect that he has caught the venereal
infection, he ought moft ftriétly to obferve a cooling regimen, to avoid every thihg
of a heating nature, as wines, fpirituous liquors, rich fauces, {piced, falted, shigh-fea- —
foned, and {moke-dried, provilions, 8c. as al{6 all aromatic and ftimulating vegeta-
bles, as onions, garlic, fhallot, nutmeg, muftard, cinnamon, mace, ginger, and
fuch-like. His food ought chiefly. to confift of mild vegetables, milk, broths,
light puddings, panado, gruels, &c.. His drink may be barley-water, milk and
water, decoctions of marfh-mallows and liquorice, linfeed- -tea, or clear whey. Of
thele he ought to drink plentifully. Violent exercife of all kinds, efpecially riding
‘on horfeback, and venereal pleafures, are to be avoided. The patient muft beware
of cold, and, when the inflammation is violent, he oug cht to keep his bed. A viru-
lent gonorrhoea cannot always be cured’ fpeedily and effectually at the fame time.
The patient ought therefore not to expeét, nor the phyfician to promife, it. It will
often continue for two or three weeks, and fometimes for five or fix, even where the
treatment has been very proper. Sometimes indeed a flight infection may be carried
off ina few days, by bathing the parts in warm milk and water, and injecting fre-
; quently up the urethra a little fweer oil or linfeed-tea about the warmth of new
‘milk. Should thefe not fucceed in carrying off the infection, they will at leaft have
a tendency to leffen its virulence.’ To effe& a cure, however, aftringent injections
will generally be found neceffary. Thefe may be various ways prepared, but thof
made with the white vitriol are both moft fafe and efficacious, They can be made
itronger or weaker as circumftances may require, but it is beft to begin with the
more gentle, and increafe their power if neceffary. A drachm of white vitriol may
be diffolved in eight or nine ounces of common or rofe-water, and an ordinary
fyringe full of it thrown up three or four times a-day. If this quantity does not
perform a cure, it may be repeated, and the dofe increafed. Whether injections be
=~ ufed or not, cooling purges are always proper in the gonorrhoea, They ought not
. however to be of the ftrong or draftic kind. Whatever raifes a violent commo-

Sa in the body increafes the danger, and tends to drive the difeafe deeper into the

| a apa two or three ftools every fecond or third day for the firft fort-

; = as the virulence abates. When chi’ inflammatory fymptoms run
| always neceffary at thé beginning. This operation, as in other topi-
pe ce a muft be repeated according to the ftreneth and conftitution of the
patient, and the vehemenc > and urgency of the. fymptoms, Medicines which pro-
mote the fecretion of urine are ecadend — in this _, of settmepeet ‘For
: p eeey | 2 : “this

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 905

this purpofe an ounce of nitre and two ounces of gum atabic, pounded together,
_ may be divided into twenty-four dofes, one of which may be taken frequently, in a
cup of the patent’s drink. If. thefe fhould make him pafs his urine {0 often as to
become troublefome to him, he may either take them lefs frequently, or leave out
the nitre altogether, and take equal parts of gum arabic and cream of tartar, Thefe
may be pounded together, and a tea-fpoonful taken in a cup of the patient’s drink
four-or five times a-day. I have generally found this anfwer extremely well both
as a diuretic, and for keeping the body gently open. When the pain and inflam-
‘mation are feated high, towards the neck of the bladder, it will be proper frequently
to throw up an emollient clyfter, which, befides the benefit of procuring ftools, will
ferve as a fomentation to the inflamed parts. Soft poultices, when they can conve-
niently be applied to the parts, are of great fervice. They may be made of the flour
of linfeed, or of wheat-bread and milk, foftened with frefh butter or {weet oil.
When poultices cannot be conveniently ufed,. cloths wrung out of warm water, or
bladders filled'with warm milk and water, may be applied. Few things tend more
to keep off inflammation in the fpermatic veffels thama proper trufs for the {crotum.
It ought to be fo contrived as to fupport the tefticles, and fhould be worn from the
firft appearance of the difeafe till it has ceafed fome weeks, Many people, on the
_ firft appearance of a gonorrhoea, fly to the ufe of mercury. This is a bad plan.
Mercury is often not at all neceffary in a gonorrhoea; and, when taken too early, it
does mifchief. It may be neceffary to complete the cure, but it cannever be proper
at the commencement of it. When bleeding, purging, fomentations, and the other
things recommended above, have eafed the pain, foftened the pullfe, relieved the heat
of urine, and rendered the involuntary erections lefs frequent, the patient may begin
to ufe mercury in any form that is leaft difagreeable to him. If he takes the com.
mon mercurial pill, two at night and one i the morning will be a fufficient dofe at
firlt, Should they affeé& the mouth too mach, the dofe mutt be leffened ; if not at
“all, it may be gradually increafed to five or fix pills in the day. If calomel be
thought preferable, two or three grains of it, formed into a bolus witha little of the
-conferve of hips, may be taken at bed-time, and the dofe gradually increaled to
_ ight or ten grains. One of the moft common preparations of mercury now in ufe ,
is the corrofive fublimate. ‘This may be taken in themanner hereafter recommend.
ed under the confirmed lues or pox: it is one of the moft fafe and efficacious medi-
cines when properly ufed. The above medicines may either me taken aoe: prin! 3
ey , ep anthem, They ought never to be caken
every other day, as the patient is able to bear them. ge The ileal
in fuch quantity as to raife a falivation, unlefs ina very flight degree. fet: | ar
may be more fafely, and as certainly, cured without a Be as me me retare
‘the mercury'runs off by the mouth, it ys fo faccefsful in carrying off the difeate, s
q 39- : 4 ¥ x

206 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

as when it continues longer in the body, and is difcharged gradually. Should the
patient be purged or griped in the night by the mercury, he mutt take ani infufion of
fenna, or fome other purgative, and drink freely of water-gruel to prevent. bloody °
ftools, which are very apt to happen fhould the patient catch cold, or if the mercury
has not been duly prepared. When the bowels are weak, and the mercury is apt
to gripe or purge, thefe difagreeable confequences may be prevented > by taking,
* with the above pills or bolus, half a drachm or two fcruples of diafcordium, or of
the Japonic confection. To prevent the difagreeable circumftance of the’ mercury’s”
affecting the mouth too much, or bringing on a falivation, it may be combined with:
purgatives. With this view the laxative mercurial pill has been contrived, the”
ufual dofe of which is half a drachm, or three pills, night and morning, to be ré-
peated every other day; but the fafer way is for the patient to begin with two, or
even with one, pill, gradually increafing the dofe. To fuch perfons as can neither
{wallow a bolus nora pill, mercury may be given in a liquid form, as it can be fuf-
pended even in a watery vehicle, by means of gum-arabic; which not only ferves
this purpofe, but likewife prevents the mercury from affecting the mouth, and ren-
dets it in many refpects a better medicine, Take quickfilver one drachm; gum-ara+
bic reduced to a mucilage, in a marble mortar, until the globules of mercury:
entirely difappear: afterwards add gradually, {till continuing the trituration, half
an ounce of balfamic fyrup, and eight ounces of fimple cinnamon-water. Two

doling purge, may be taken, and the rubbing intermitted
however, as the figns of {pitting are gone off, if the viru-

. 4 A
tow ake nad ; w

_ powerful bracer in the whole compafs of
- imthis fpecies of gleet, unlefs here be fomething in

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY: x

tency be not quite conredted:: the ointment mutt be repeated, but in fmaller quanti-
ties, and at longer. intervals, than before. Whatever way mercury is adminiltered,

its ufe mutt be perfifted in as long as any viralency is fufpected to'remain. When
the above treatment has removed the heat of urine, and forenefs of the genital parts 5
when the quantity of running is confiderably leffened, without any pain or fwelling
in the groin or tefticle fuperventing ; when the patient is free from involuntary
erections; and laftly, when the running becomes pale, whitith, chick, void of ill
fmell, and tenacious or ropy; when all or moft of thefe fymptoms appear, the go~
‘norrhoea is arrived at its laft ftage, and we may gradually proceed to treat it as a
gleet with aftringent and agglutinating medicines.

Or GLEETS.

A GONORRHGEA frequently repeated, or improperly treated, often ends in a
gleet, which may either proceed from rélaxation, or from fome remains of the difeaie.
It is, however, of the greateft importance, in the cure of the gleet, to know from
which of thefe caufes it proceeds. When the difcharge proves very obftinate, and
receives little or no check from aftringent remedies, there i is ground | to fulpect that
it is owing to the latter; but, if the drain is inconftant, and is chiefly ‘obfervable
when the patient. is ftimulated by lafcivious ideas, or upon ftraining t to go to fool,
_-we may reafonably conclude that it is chieAy owing to the former. In the cute of a
gleet proceeding from relaxation, the principal defiga is to brace, and reftore a pro-
per. degree of tenfion to the debilitated and relaxed veflels, For this purpole, be-
fides the medicines recommended in the gonorrheea, the patient may have recourf€ to
- ftronger.and more powerful aftringents, as the Peruvian bark, alum, vitriol, galls,
-_tormentil, biftort, balauftines, tincture of gum-kino, &c, The in Is may be
rendered more aftringent by the addition of a few grains of alum, or no ope be
quantity of vitriol as far as the parts are able to bear it. The lait rernedy which we

Y than which there is not perhaps a more
fhall mention in this cafe is the cold bath Rage pan Ee a iced
‘the conffitution ‘of the patient

the ufé of the cold bathe
which renders the ufe of it unfafe. : The chief objecti on iis from the former

ifcera.
are, a full habit, and an unfound ftate of the vi bleeding ; but the latter is
‘may always be leffened, if not removed, by. purging, es a3 0 4 ae
an unfurmountable obftacle, as the preffure of the wate much force upon the inger-
of the external veffels, by throwing he blood wpainior mac

f humours upon
onal = ate apt-to pails oy: ca objection of this kind ‘ava the patient
“5 i 13 ing fafting, for ches eck

pases to plunge over head in water every morni mipttber.

08 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

together. He fhould not, however, ftay long in the water, and fhould take care te
have his fkin dried as foon as he comes out. The regimen proper in this cafe is the
fame-as was mentioned in the Jaft {tage of the gonorrhoea: the diet muft be drying
ahd aftringent, and the drink Spa, Pyrmont, or Briftol, waters, with which a little
claret or red wine may fometimes.be mixed. Any perfon may now afford to drink
thefe waters, as they can be every where prepared at almoft no expence, by a mix-
ture of common chalk and oil of vitriol. When the gleet does not yield to thefe
medicines, there is reafon to fufpeét that it proceeds from ulcers. In this cafe, re-
courfe muft be had.to mercury;.and fuch medicines as tend to correct any predomi-
nant acrimony with which the juices may be affected, as the decoétion of china, far-
faparilla, faffafras, or the like. The beft remedy for the cure of ulcers in the uri- ’
_ nary paffage, are the fuppurating candles or bougies ; as thefe are prepared various
ways, and are generally to be bought ready-made, it is needlefs to fpend time in
enumerating the different ingredients of which they are compofed, or teaching the
manner of preparing them; before a bougie be introduced into the urethra,. how-
ever, it fhould be fmeared all over with {weet oil, to prevent it from ftimulating too
fuddenly; it may be fuffered to continue in from one to feven or eight hours, ac-
cording as the patient can bear it. Objtinate ulcers are not only often healed, but
_ tumours and excrefcences in the urinary paffages taken away, and an obftruction of
urine removed, by means of, bougies.

OF THe SWE LE D2 TE ST 1 OL Bi

THE {welled tefticle may either proceed from infection lately contraéted, or from
the venereal poifon lurking in the blood: the latter indeed is not very common,
but the former frequently happens both in the firft and fecond ftages of a go-
norrhoea ; particularly when the running is unfeafonably checked, by cold, hard
drinking, {trong draftic purges, violent exercife, the too early ufe of aftringent me-

- dicines, or the like. . In the inflammatory {tage bleeding is neceffary, which muft be

repea ated according to the urgency of the fymptoms. The food mutt be light, and
th dri k iGising. High-feafoned food, flefh, wines, and every thing of a heating
mat me tos be. avoided. E omentations are of pape fervice. Poultices of

onft ‘antly, to be applied when the | patient is in hea. when he is up, the tef-
ticle fhould be Kept warm, and fupported by a bag or trufs, which may eafily be
contrived in fuch a Manner as to prevent the weight of the tefticle from having any
effect. If it fhould. be found impracticable to clear the tefticle by the cooling regi-
men now pointed out, and extended according to circumftances, i it will be neceflary

to lead the patient through fach a complete antivenereal courfe as fhall enfure him
I
= againft

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 209

againft any future uneafinefs. For this Purpofe, befides rubbiig the mercurial
ointmenton the part, if free from pain, or onthe thighs, as directed in the gonorrhoea,
the patient mutt be confined to bed, if neceflary, for five.or fix weeks, fufpending
the tefticle all the while with a bag or trufs, and plying him inwardly with ftrong
decoctions of farfapariila. When thefe means do not fucceed, and there is reafon to
fufpect a fcrophulous or cancerous habit, either of which may fupport a {cirrhous
induration, after the venereal poifon is correéted, the parts should be jomented daily .
with a decoétion of hemlock, the bruifed leaves of which may likewife be added to
~ the poultice, and the extract at the fame time taken inwardly, By this method, dif.
_ éafed tefticles of two or three years ftanding, even when ulcerated, and affected with
pricking and lancing pains, have been completely cured.

Or BUBOES.

_ VENEREAL buboes are hard tumours feated in the groin, occafioned by the
venereal poifon lodged in this part. They are of two kinds; viz. fuch as proceed
from a recent infeétion, and fuch as accompany a confirmed lues. The cure of re-
cent buboes, that is, fuch as appear foon after impure coition, may be firlt attempted
__ by difperfion, and, if that fhould not fucceed, by fuppuration. To promote the
- difperfion of a buboe, the fame regimen mutt be obferved as was direéted in the firkt
ftageof a gonorrhoea. The patient muft likewife be bled, and take fome cooling —
“purges, as the decoction of tamarinds and fenna, Glauber’s falts, and the like, . If,
by this courfe, the {welling and other inflammatory fymptoms abate, we may Safely ;
proceed to the ufe of mercury, which muft be continued till the venereal virus is
quite fubdued. But, if the buboe fhould, from the’ beginaing, be attended with
great heat, pain, and pulfation, it will be proper to promote its fuppuration. For
this purpofe the patient may be allowed to uié his ordinary diet, and to take now
and then a glafs of wine. Emollient cataplafms, confifting of bread and . ie
foftened with oil or freth butter, may be applied to the part 5 and, in cold confticu- |
~ tions, where the tumour advances lowly, white-lily-roots boiled, - Biced jaa
‘raw, and a fufficient quantity of yellow bafilicon, rity Wezisliied 20 the pete |
“When the tumour is ripe, which may be known by ies conical figure, i laitnehs
‘of the fkin, aud a fludtuation of matter plainly to’be feft under che sm, aie. id ye |
be opened either by cauftic or aJancet, and afterwards — nt eee parsathe
ment. It fometimes, however, happens that buboes ean Seat er — |
_ brought to a fuppuration, but remain hard i regen va pica - Chine
roe glands mutt be confumed by cauttic 5 if they fhould become ic

"_mult be diffolved by che application of hearlock, both externally apd internally
directed in the fcirrhous cefticle., 3H Paes eo

i

no CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,
Or CHANCRES..

| CHANCRES are fuperficial, callous, eating, ulcers; which may happen either
with or without a gonorrhcea. They are commonly feated about the glans, and
make their appearance in the following manner: firft a little red pimple arifes,
which foon becomes pointed at top, and is filled with a whitifh matter inclining to
yellow. This pimple is hot, and itches generally before it breaks: afterwards it
degenerates into an obftinate ulcer, the bottom of which is ufually covered witha
vifcid mucus, and whofe edges gradually become hard and callous. Sometimes the
firft appearance refembles a fimple excoriation of the cuticle; which, however, if
the caufe be venereal, foon becomesa true chancre. A chancre is fometimes a
primary affection, but it ismuch oftener fymptomatic, and is the mark of a con-
firmed lues. Primary cancres difcover themfelves foon after impure coition, and
are generally feated in parts covered with athin cuticle, as the lips, the nipples of
women, the glans penis of men, &c. When venereal ulcers are feated in the lips, the
infection may be communicated by kiffing. When achancre appears foon after
impure Coition, its treatment is nearly fimilar to that of the virulent gonorrhcea,
The patient muft obferve the cooling regimen, lofe a little blood, and take fome
gentle dofes of faltsand manna. The parts affected ought frequently to be bathed,
or rather foaked, in warm milk and water, and, if the inflammation be great, an
emollient poultice or cataplafm may be applied to them. This courfe will, in moft
cafes, be fufficient to abate the inflammation, and prepare the patient for the ufe of
“mercury. Symptomatic chancres are commonly accompanied with ulcers in the
throat, nocturnal pains, fcurfy eruptions about the roots of the hair, and other fymp-
toms of a confirmed lues. Though they may be feated in any of the parts mentioned
above, they commonly appear upon the private parts, or the infide of the thigh.
_~Phey are alfo lefs painful, but frequently much Jarger and harder, than primary
chancres. This diforder is ufually attended witha ftranguary or obftruction of urine,
a Bhymofis, &c. Aftranguary may be occafioned either bya {pafmodic conftri€tion,
nam nation of the urethra and parts about the neck of the bladder. In the
.~ e, the patient begins to void his urine with tolerable eafe; but, asfoon as ~
it tout hes the galled or inflamed urethra, a fudden conftri&tion take place, and the
ine is avoided by fpirts, and fometimes by drops only. When the ftranguary is
owing to an. inflammation about the neck of the bladder, there is aconftant heat and
uneafinefs of the part, a perpetual defire to make water, while the patient can only
render a few drops, and a troublefome tenefmus, or conftant inclination to go to ftool.
When the ftranguary is owing to fpafm, fuch medicines as tend to dilute and blunt.
the falts of the urine will be proper. For this purpofe, befides the common diluting
liquors,

a

~

AND. FAMILY DISPENSATORY, ant

liquors, foft and cooling emul fions, fweetened with the fyrup of poppies, may be ufed,
Should thefe not have the defired effet, bleeding, and emollient fomentations, will
be neceffary. When the complaint is evidently owing to an inflammation about
the neck of the bladder, bleeding muft be more liberally performed, and repeated
according to the urgency of the fymptoms. After bleeding, if the ftranguary ftill
continues, foft clyfters, with a proper quantity of Jaudanum in them, may be ad-
miniftered, and emollient fomentations applied to the region of the bladder. At the
fame time, the patient may take every four hours a tea-cupful of barley-water, to an
Englith pint of which fix ounces of the fyrup of marfh-mallows, four ounces of the
oil of {weet almonds, and half an ounce of nitre, may be added. If thefe remedies
fhould not relieve the complaint, and a total fuppreffion of urine fhould come on,
| bleeding muft be repeated, and the patient fet in a warm bath uptothe middle. It
will be proper, in this cafe, to difcontinue the diuretics, and to draw off the water
with a catheter; but, as the patient is feldom able to bear its being introduced, we
would rather recommend the ufe of mild bougies. Thefe often lubricate the paf-
fage, and greatly facilitate the difcharge of urine. Whenever they begin to ftimu-
late or give any uneafinefs, they may be withdrawn. The phymofis is fuch a con-
- ftriction of the prepuce over the glans as hinders it ftom being drawn backwards;
the paraphymofis, on the contrary, is fuch a conftriction of the prepuce behind the
elans as hinders it from being brought forwards, The treatment of thefe fymptoms
is fo nearly the fame with that of the virulent gonorrhoea, that we have no occafion
toenlarge upon it. In general, bleeding, purging, poultices, and emollient fomen-
tations, are fufficient. Should thefe, however, fail of removing the ftriéture, and
the parts be threatened with a mortification, twenty or thirty grains of ipecacuanha,
and one grain of emetic tartar, may be given for a vomit, and ney, be worked off
with warm water or thin gruel. ” It fometimes happens, that, in fpite of all endea-
vours to the contrary, the inflammation goes on, and fymptoms of a beginning
mortification appear. When this is the cafe, the prepuce muft be icarified with a
. lancet, and, if neceffary, divided, in order to prevent a ftrangulation, and fet une
jmprifoned glans at liberty. We thall not defcribe the manner of pert oes ee
operation, as it ought always to be done by a furgeon. Mihicaasprefcation
3 actually taken place, it will be neceflary, befides performing the spore saa 3 |
to foment the parts frequently with cloths wrung out of a ftrong Besottion ps is
mile flowers and bark, and to give the patient adrachm of the bark in powder every,
“os aiiaaiepayeen tes regan eae ee hat of the gonorrhoea. Whea-
the penis, their treatment is-no way different from that oF the & Catia
they prove very troublefome, the ‘patient may take a ss her 4 ? 4 ee
‘night, efpecially after the operation of a purgative through the Safn gs sar Or

~

*

chordee, and other diftortionsof ,

oe CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

%

Or. 2. FON PIR ME D. OU ES,

THE fymptoms of a confirmed lues are, buboes in the groin, pains of the head
and joints, which are peculiarly troublefome in the night, or when the patient is
warm in bed; fcabs and fcurfs in various parts of the body, efpecially on the head,
of a yellowith colour, refembling ashoney-comb; corroding ulcers in various parts
of the body, which generally begin about the throat, from whence they creep gta-
dually, by the palate, towards the cartilage of the nofe, which they deftroy; excref-
cences or exoltofes arife i in the middle of the bones, and their fpongy ends become
brittle, and break upon the leaft accident ; at other times, . they are foft, and bend
hike wax; the conglobate glands become hard and callous, and form, in the neck,
armpits, groin, and menfentery, hard moveable tumours, like the king’s evil; tu-
mours of different kinds are likewife formed in the lymphatic veffels, tendons,
ligaments, and nerves, as the gummata, ganglia, nodes, tophs, 8c. the eyes are
affected with itching, pain, rednefs, and fometimes with total blindnefs, and the
ears with a finging noifé, pain, and deafnefs, whilft their internal fubftance is exul-
cerated and rendered carious; at length all the animal, vital, and natural, func-
tions, are depraved; the face becomes pale and livid; the body emaciated and
unfit for motion, and the miferable patient falls into an atrophy or wafting confump-
gon. Women have {ymptoms peculiar to the fex; as cancers of the-breaft, a fup-
preffion or-overflowing of the menfes, the whites, hyfteric affeétions, an inflamma-
tion, abfcefs, fcirrhus, gangrene, cancer, or ulcer, of the womb; they are generally
_ either barren or fubjeét to abortion; or, if they bring children into-the world, |
they have an univerfal eryfipelas, are half rotten, and covered with ulcers. Suchi is
_« the catalogue of fymptoms attending this dreadful difeafe in its confirmed ftate.
_ Indeed they are feldom to be met with in the fame perfon, or at the fame time; fo
‘many of them, however, are generally prefent as are fufficient to alarm the patient; _
‘° and, if he has reafon tofufpect the infection i is lurking in his body, he ought i me
mediately to fet about-the expulfion of it, otherwife the moft tragical confequences
will er ne. The only certain remedy hitherto known in Europe, for the cure of

this dif : xf is mercury, which may be ufed in a great variety of forms, with nearly
the fame fuccefs.. Some time ago it was reckoned impoffible to cure a confirmed —
lues without a fa ivation ; this method is now, however, pretty generally laid afide,
and mercury is found-to be as efficacious, or rather more fo, in expelling the vene-

real poifon, when adminiftered i in fuch a manner as not to run off by the falivary
glands. The only chemica | preparation of mercury which we Shall take notice of
: is thie Sorrotine AIRE ‘This was fome time ago brought into ufe for the vene-

‘real difeafe in Germany, ‘by ee Baron Yan Swicten; and was foon after’
I introduced ~

- AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 213

- introduced into Britain by the learned Sir John Pringle, at that time phyfician tothe
army. The method of giving it is as follows: one grain of corrofive fublimate js
diffolved in two ounces of French brandy or male fpirics ; and of this folution, an
ordinary table-{poonful, or the quantity of half an ounce, is to be taken twice a-
day, and-to be continued as long as any fymptoms of the diforder remain. To thofe
whofe ftomach cannot bear the folution, the fublimate may be given in form of pills,
Several roots, woods, and barks, have been recommended for curing the venereal
difeafe,; but, though none of them, when adminiftered alone, have been found,
upon experience, to anfwer the high encomiums which have been beltéwed
_ upon them, yet, when joined with mercury, many of them are found to be
very beneficial in promoting a cure. The beft we know yet is farfaparilla,
and the mezereon-root, which are powerful affiftants to the fublimate, Or to any
other mercurial. Thofe who chufe to ufe the mezereon by itfelf, may boil an ounce
_ of the frefh bark, taken from the root, in twelve Englifh pints of water ro eight,
adding towards the end an ounce of liquorice. The dofe of this is the fame as of
the decoction of farfaparilla. We have been told that the natives of America cure
the venereal difeafe, in every ftage, by a decoction of the root of a plant called the
Lobelia. It is ufed either frefh or dried; but we have no certain accounts with re-
gard to the proportion. Sometimes they mix other roots with it, as thole of the
ranunculus, the ceanothus, 8c. but whether thefe are defigned to difguile or affi.t
it, ig doubtful. The patient takes a large draught of the decoction early in che
morning, and continues to ufe it for his ordinary drink through the day. Many
other roots and woods are highly extolled for curing the venereal difeafe, asthe spice
of foap-wort, burdock, &c. as alfo the wood of guaiacum and faffatras ; but, being
particularly pointed out in the Herbal, we hall, for the fake of brevity, pals them
“over in this place, with only remarking, that, though we are ftill tal porn ae
dark with regard to the method of curing this difeafe among the natives of America,
yet it is well known, that they do cure it with fpeed, fafety, aad fuccefs, by the ne
of vegetables only, and that without the leaft knowledge of mercury. Hence i
becomes an object of confiderable importance to difcover a method of Cure in this
‘ifland, by the ufe of vegetables only, by making trials of all the various plants
which are found in it, and particularly fuch as Culpeper cheer en (0, OA
ufe of with fuch fingular fuccefs, and which. he has diftinguithed in the se
bal. Indeed there can be no doubt, but plants of our own growth, ee Prony
pains taken to difcover them, would be found as efficacious yn
difeafe here, as thofe of America there 5 for it muft be He eC ae
Siiideaee eats : ‘(in one country will not have equal fuccels it
_ Cure a patient of the venereal difeafe in one oduces that which
carried into another; a plain demonftration that every connny produces ties
is moft congenial to the health of its own fees inhabitants. 4 Bae cory
40. : og

24 CULPEPER’s‘ ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Mercury ought not to be adminiftered to women in the menftrual flux, or when
the period is near at hand. Neither fhould it be given in the laft ftage of pregnancy,
If, however, the woman be not near the time of her delivery, and. circumftances ren-
der it neceflary, mercury may be given, but in fmaller dofes, and at greater intervals
than ufual: with thefe precautions, both the mother and child may be cured at the -
fame time; if not, the diforder will at leaft be kept from growing worfe, till the
weman be-brought to bed, and fufficiently recovered, when a more effectual me-
thod may be purfued, which, if the fuckles her child, will, in all probability, be
fufficient for the cure of both. Mercury ought always to be adminiftered to infants
with the greateft caution. Their tender condition unfits them for fupporting a fa-
livation, and makes it neceffary to adminifter even the mildeft preparations of mer-
“cury to them with a {paring hand. A fimilar condué is recommended in the treat-
‘ment of old perfons, who have the misfortune to labour under a confirmed lues.
. No doubt the infirmities of age muft render people lefs able to undergo the fatigues
of a falivation ; but this, as was formerly oblerved, is never neceffary; befides, we
have generally found, that mercury had much lefs effeét upon very old perfons than
on thofe who were younger. The moft proper feafons for entering upon a courfe of
mercury, ate the {pring and autumn, when the air is of a moderate warmth: ; if the
circumftances of the cafe, however, will not admit of delay, we muft not defer the
cure on account of the feafon, but muft adminifter the mercury ; taking care, at
the fame time, to keep the patient’s chamber warmer or cooler, according as the
- feafon of the year requires. A proper regimen muft be obferved by fuch as are under
acourfe of mercury. Inattention to this not only endangers the patient’s life, but
often alfo difappoints him of a cure. A much fmaller quantity of mercury will be
fufficient for the cure of a perfon who lives lo w, keeps warm, and avoids all manner
_ of excefs, than of one who cannot endure to put the finalleft reftraint upon his ap-
petites: indeed it but rarely happens that fuch are thoroughly cured, There is
hardly any thing of more importance, either for preventing or removing venereal
— anfed ion, than cleanlinefs, By an early attention to this, the infection might often
evented from entering the body; and, where it has already taken place, its
ay, be greatly mitigated. [he moment any perfon has reafon to fufpeé.
has received the infection, he ought to wath the parts with water and fpirits,
ail, jor milk and water; a {mall quantity of the laft may likewife be injected
u tars if ic can be conveniently done. Let him paya ftrict regard to clean-
linefs, abftain from rom fpirituous liquors, and perfevere in a few bottles of the Solar
Tincture, which will efiectually preferve the blood from. infeétion, or expel the
poifon, if it has taken, sie and will perform a radical and perfect cure in lefs than-

@ month.
“DISEASES

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY, 215

DISEASES of WOMEN®*

: “IN all civilized nations, women have the management of domeltic affairs; and it
is very proper they fhould, as nature has made them lefs fit for the more active and
laborious employments. This indulgence, however, is often carried too far; and
females, inftead of being benefited by it, are greatly injured, from the want of exer.
cife and freenir, To be fatished of this, one need only compare the frefhand ruddy
Jooks of a milk-maid with the pale complexion of thofe females whofe whole time
is {pent within doors.. Though nature has made an evident diltingtion between the
male and female with’regard to bodily ftrength and vigour, yet fhe certainly never
meant, either that the one fhould be always without, or the other always within,
doors. The confinement of females, befides hurting their figure and complexion,
relaxes their folids, weakens their minds, and diforders all the funGtions of the
body. Hence proceed obftructions, indigeftion, flatulence, abortions, and the whole
‘train of nervous diforders. Thefe not only unfit women for being mothers and
nurfes, but often render them whimfical and ridiculous. A found mind depends fe
much upon a healthy body, that, where the Jatter is wanting, the former is rarely to
be found, Women who are chiefly employed without doors, in the. different
branches of hufbandry, gardening, and the like, are almoft as hardy-as their hut-
bands, and ‘their children are likewife ftrong and healthy. But,-as the bad effects of
Confinement and inactivity upon both fexes have been already thewn, we fhall pro-
ceed to point out thofe circum ftances in the fteuctare and defign of females, which
fubject then to sigs difeafes; the chief of which are, their samira evacua-

ae ay se nie Icy pee bene. Bcc.
oF THE MENSTRUAL ‘DISCHARGE,

= FEMALES generally begin to menftruate about the age of fifteen, and leave it
off about fifty, which renders thefe two periods the molt critical of their lives.
“About the firft appearance of this difcharge, ¢ the conititution vadergoes a “8 con-
fiderable change, generally indeed for the beter, though fometimes for.the er €
The greateft care is therefore neceffary, as the furure health a and ieee “a
" female depends, in a great meafure, upon her conduct at this per mS ay
__ of mothers, and thofe who are intratted with the education | of gicls, to inftruc ie
= early i in the conduct and ‘management of
ee lives. Falfe modelty, inattention, and
» + For allt difeafes and infirmities p aliar 1 ‘
= at awh ee Author begs leave to recom m nét d his. LUNAR TINCTURE, te

le and is the very Sf
_ all the virtues of the vegetable world, ; adapted to Fe mbt of the fex. & aie Ss any
“ments hitherto difcovered for preferving bed bealth, Spirits, am " Se

hops that deal in patent medicines. >this

Ives ac this critical period of their. se Ere

26 CULPEPER’: ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

this time, are the fources of many difeafes and misfortunes in life, which a few fen-
fible Jeflons from andexperienced matron might have prevented. Nor is care lefs
neceflary in the fubfequent returns of this difcharge. Taking improper food, vio
lent affections of the mind, or catching cold at this period, is often fufficient to ruin
the health, or to render the female ever after incapable of procreation. If a girl
‘about this time of life be confined to the houfe, kept conftantly fitting, and neither
allowed to romp about, nor employed in any aétive bufinefs, which gives exercife
to the whole body, fhe becomes weak, relaxed, and puny ; her blood not being duly
prepared, fhe looks pale and wan; her health, {pirits, and vigour, decline, and fhe
‘finks into a valetudinary for life. Such is the fate of numbers of thole unhappy
females, who, either from too much indulgence, or their own narrow circumftances,
are, at this critical period, denied the benefit of exercife and free air. A lazy indo-
lent difpofition proves likewife very hurtful to girls at this period, One feldom
“meets with complaints from obftruétions amongft the more aétive and induftrious
“part of the fex; whereas the indolent and lazy are feldom free from them, Thefe
are, ina manner, eat up by the chlorofis, or green-ficknefs, and other difeafes of this
nature. “We would therefore recommend it to all who wifh to efcape thefe calami-
ties, to avoid indolence and inactivity, as their greateft enemies, and to be as much
abroad i in the open air as poffible. After the menfes have once begun to flow, the
‘greateft care fhould be taken to avoid every thing that may tend to obftruct them.
Cold is extremely. hurtful at this particular period. More of the fex date their dif-
‘orders from colds, caught while they are out of order, than from all other caufes.
_ “This ought furely to put them upon their guard, and to make them very circum-
‘fpe€t in their conduét at fuch times. A degree of cold that will not in the leaft hurt
them at another time, will, at this period, be fufficient to ruin their health and con-.
_. ftitution; therefore, from whatever caule this flux is obftruéted, except in the ftate
of pregnancy, proper means fhould be immediately ufed to reftore it. But the
‘menttrual flux may be too great as well as too fmall. “When this happens, the pa-
_ tient becomes weak, the colour pale, the appetite and digeftion are bad, and cedema-
s fwellings of the feet, dropfies, and confumptions, often enfue. To reftrain the

fi : patient fhould be kept quiet and eafy both in body and mind. If it be
eng : fhe ought to lie in bed with her head low ; to live upon a cool and
flenc er ; veal lor chicken-broths with bread; and to drink decoétions of net-
tle-roc eater comfrey. If thefe be not fufficient to ftop the flux, ftronger
“aftrin x uted, as Japan earth, allum, elixir of vitriol, the Peruvian bark,

of allum and one of Japan earth may be pounded together, and
vided’ intoeig 1 or nine dofes, oneof which may be taken three times a-day. Per-
_ fons whofe ftomachs cannot bear the allum, may take two table-fpoonfuls of the
a tinéture bed rofes three or four times ah to peach dofe of which ten =n drops of lauda-

F . . ‘num .

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 207

num may be added. If thefe fhould fail, half a drachm of the Peruvian bark, ia
powder, with ten drops of the elixir of vitriol, may be taken in a glafs of red wit
four times a-day. ‘That period of life at which the menfes ceafe to flow is likewile
very critical to the fex. The ftoppage of any cuftomary evacuation, however finall,
is fufficient to diforder the whole frame, and often to deftroy life irfelf. Hence it
comes to pafs, that fo many women either fall into chronic diforders, or die, gbour
this time. Such of them, however, as will perfevere in taking the Lunar Tincture
previous to the time their menfes leave them, will become more healthy and hardy
than they were before, and enjoy ftrength and vigour to a very great age.

Or tox GREEN-SICKNESS.

THE green-ficknefs is an obftruction in the womb-veflels of young females,
under or about the time of their courfes beginning to flow. It is attended with a
vifcidity of all the juices, a fallow, pale, or greenifh, colour of the face, a difficulty
of breathing, a ficknefs in the ftomach at the fight of proper food, and an unnatural
defire of feeding on fuch things as are accounted hurtful, and unfit for nourifment.

It is alfo called by phyficians the white fever, the love fever, the virgin’s difeafe, and
the whitejaundice. It fometimes feems to proceed from an alteration of the fluids,
about the time that the menfes firft begin to flow, or from the inaptitude of the vef-
fels to perform thofe difcharges which nature then calls for. It may alfo proceed
from an obftruétion in the bowels, or a fluggith languid motion of the blood, whe-
ther natural, or acquired by eafe, indulgence, or want of exercife : and this latter,
no doubt, is the cafe, when the diftemper happens to very young girls, who are not
capable of fuffering an hyfteric diforder. Finally, it may proceed from a longing
defire after the enjoyment of fome particular perfon; or, in general, from a violent
inclination to exchange a fingle life for the ftate of matrimony ; and, when this is
the cafe, there is an univerfal dulnefs and difinclination to exercifé, and the patient
complains of a preffure or weight, chiefly about the reins and loins. Upon any
brifk motion comes on a difficulty of breathing, and a tenfion and quick pulfation
of the arteries in the temples, which feem to beat with great violence ; alfo a heavy a
~ and frequently a lafting, pain of the head, and palpitation of the heart. The pulfe ae
is quick and low, attended with a {mall feverithnefs, and a lofs of the natural appe-
tite; but chalk, coals, ftonés, clay, tobacco-pipes, and other things of like unwhole-’ oe
fome nature, ought to be kept as much as poffible out of the patient's way; for fhe .
" generally has more inclination to thefe than to 4 proper diet, The green ae ;
_ feldom dangerous, though it often proves of long continuance ; he satap cathe,

lent, and too much neglected, proceeding from a fappreffion of = ;
_. and attended with the whites, it may in time bring on weakne . Kid
40, — DEG SR

18 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH: PHYSICIAN,

and barrennefs. When it happens fome time before the menfes ought to appear,
and they break forth without obftruction, it is ufually cured upon this eruption,
without farther means, If the whites come after the green-& Noknefs has been long
fixed, it is held to be a bad fign; if before, and it happens upon the ftoppage of
the menftrual flux, it often proves critical: if the courfes flow regularly during the |
diftemper, 1 it is accounted a good fymptom, and there is no danger. To forward a
cure, the patient ought to be placed in a thin and clear air, to drink tea, barley-
water, and other attenuating liquors, warm, and made agreeable to the palate, Her
food fhould be nourifhing, but eafy of digeftion, and not fuch as may inflame.
‘Moderate exercife every day, fuch as walking, riding, ftirring about the houfe, is
very ferviceable, notwithftanding the difficulty and uneafinefs that attend it, and —
_ the great antipathy of, the patient to any fort of motion, Sleep ought to be mode-. _
rate, and taken at a due diftance from meals, not till an hour or two, at leaft, after
fupper. All paffions of the mind, efpecially thofe of melancholy and defpair, are -
highly prejudicial ; if the difeafe, therefore, be found to proceed from a fettled in-
clination after marriage, the parents of the patient fhould endeavour to provide her
a fuitable match, as the moft effectual cure; or, if the defire be after a particular
perfon, to let her have him at all events, if they approve her choice. But, if matri-
‘mony be not judged convenient for her, either on account of youth, or for any other’
reafon, they muft then have recourfe to phyfical remedies, according to the following
directions. If the patient be at all plethoric, that is, if her veins be well ftored with
blood, bleeding will be highly proper to begin the cure ; and this is to be fucceeded
by proper purgatives.’ In fome cafes, efpecially when the patient 1 is very young, 4
vomit is often fuccefsful, being exhibited before purgation. Thole cathartics, that

are. either mixed along with alterative medicines, or given in fuch quantities. asta”

_ make them aét as alterants, or lie a confiderable time in the body before they ope-
rate, are ufually very efficacious, and in weakly conftitutions preferable to other pur-
gatives. The following will, in general, be found to perform a cure:---T ake caftor,
faffron, myrrh, black hellebore-root, all in powder, each one drachm; gum ammo- —
ic, One drachm and-a half; falt of fteel, four fcruples ;. beft aloes powdered, two
chr 3 oil of cinnamon, fifteen drops; fyrap of the. five roots, a fufficient quan-
i Aa | pills out of every drachm, of which Jet five be taken every night,
m briony-water, and penny-royal water, of each two. ounces.
> warm and comfort the nerves, thin the blood and juices, and.
late freely. They muft be continued regularly for ten or
twelve days. Am ndeed all cathartics of this nature, that are intended to make an
alteration in the whol | fyftem, which is often neceffary i in ‘thefe cafes, muft
have much more time to oper wth than thofe which are intended only to purge the

1 inteftines.

Thefe are
caufe. them 4 to

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 219

inteftines, When the green-ficknefs proves obttinate, it is proper to have recourfe
to the cold-bath, and to the ufe of mineral waters : or, an infufion may be made in
lime-water, with chips of guaiacum, faffafras, faunders, a little gentian and ange-
lica-root, winter-bark, and Roman wormwood; to which add tinéture of ftee), a
fufficient quantity in proportion to the other ingredients; or infufe filings of fteel
with the woods and roots. This may be drunk inftead of the chalybeat-wagers,
and will frequently anfwer the fame purpofe, Decoétions or other preparations of
the Jefuits bark, with fteel wine, and tinétures of black hellebore and cinnamon,
being continued a confidered time, are alfo very effectual in lax conftitutions, and
where the juices are vifcid; but, whenthe green-ficknefs is attended with the whites,
nothing is fo certain a cure as the Lunar Tincture.

Or tHe FLUOR ALBUS, or WHITES.

THIS difeafe may be caufed by falls, fprains,in the back, purging to excefs, ef
pecially with mercurials, and when the body, is weak and lax; or it may be the
effects of a venereal infection, which, though cured, leaves the glands and other
~_-veffels in a relaxed {tate, which is very difficult to repair. The whites come away
fometimes in a large and fometimes in a {mall quantity; and it is obfervable, that
the running generally increafes after violent exercife, and that it is in greatelt plenty
at about the middle of the time between the monthly periods: the matter often
| proves variable, being fometimes white mixed with yellow, and at others of a thin
waterith confiftence, greenifh, and. inclining to black ; thar , corrofive, of an ill
fmell, occafioning heat of urine, and now and then ulcers. * It then caules great
weaknefs, efpecially in the fmall of theback and the loins; a pale colaur in the face,
faintnefs, loathing of food, indigeftion, fwelling of the legs, irregularity in the
courfes. Sometimes it degenerates into a confumption, or droply, and bysiaremeae
tal: at others, it caufes incurable barrennefs. The urine, vader, this diforder, is
generally vifcid, thick, and flimy, and fometimes appears as if {mall threads were
mixed with it: nor does it fettle fo freely as in other cafes. Tt has ufually been
thought difficult to diftinguifh the whites from the venereal difeafe; and fome
women, who have had bad hufbands, have laboured under the latter fora long time
together, imagining it all the while to-be only the former: others have miftakena

running, occafionéd by an ulcer in the womb, for that difeate. Show, a5 1 ieee. oe
neceflary every woman fhould Jearn the fymptoms by which thele are kno it tas
der, let it be obferved, that, whenever the courfes come down, the ee

- ceafe, and.do not trouble the patient agaia till: the courles are a fe. 5 a hag
nereal running remains confantly upon. the patient, @p ih seat fs
during the monthly difcharges: it is allo much lefs in quantity than the N ae. ek

220 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

to an ulcer in the womb, it is beft known by the fharp and growing pains that it oc-
cafions in the womb, from the very beginning of the difeafe ; ; whereas in the whites,
though fometimes the humour be fo fharp as to caufe great pain, and even an ulcer, -
yet this is not till after they have continued long enough on the patient to be
diftinguifhed by their cther fymptoms. The matter that Hows from an ulcer j is alfo
frequently bloody, which the whites never are. Maids of a weakly conttitution are
often afficted with this diftemper, as well as matried women and widows 3 and in-
deed there are few of the fair fex, efpecially fuch as are any way fickly, but who have
known it more or lefs, it being often ccalioned_by other difeafes. For whatéver _
difeafe renders the blood poor, foul, or vifcous,. and reduces a woman to a languid
condition, is commonly fucceeded by the whites, which, when they come in this -
manner, continue to weaken the body more and more, and are in great danger,
without fpeedy remedy, of wearing away the patient, and making her a miferable
victim to death. Let no woman, therefore, negleét this diftemper, when fhe finds
iton her, but endeavour to prevent its getting too much a-head. The diet, in the
cure of this diftemper, ought to be nourifhing, and much the fame with that pre-
{cribed in confumptions, confifting of broths, boiled with fhavings of hartfhorn,
_tormentile-root, biftort, comfrey, conferve of red rofes, ifinglafs, red rofe flowers,
gum-arabic, nutmegs, mace, cinnamon, and other ftrengthening and agelutinating
ingredients. Sago and jellies are alfo ferviceable in this cafe, particularly that of
harthhorn. Some drink every morning, with very good fuccefs, a quarter of an
ounce of ifinglafs, diffolved in a pint of milk, and {weetened with fugar. Exer-
cife fhould be moderate, and taken, as much as can be, in a warm and dry air; and
the continuance of this for fome time, with-a milk diet, have been found prevalent,
when other means, though the beft that could be made ufe of, have failed.” Bleed-
ing ought here to be omitted, unlefs the perfon be plethoric, or her monthly courfes
are ob{tructed : for it is not proper to weaken her who is already too weak. Pur-
Zatives, however, are held to be proper, but without calomel, efpecially when the
difeate j is in its infancy, and appears but in {mall quantity. But, when it is of long
-ftanding, and the matter which flows is thin, difcoloured, and of an ill fmell, if
ulcers are apprehended in the w/erus; if any venereal infeétion has preceded, and
‘part of th virulence is ftill fuppofed to remain, mercurials and other medicines
fuited to virulent cafes are undeniably proper: and the cure here differs little from
the cure of the v 1ereal diteafe itfelf, only the purges fhould not be too violent, nor
the calomel siven in too large dofes. In fuch cafes, however, a perfeverance in the
Solar and Lunar Tinétures alternately, as prefcribed in the Treatifes round each

sea may be dep nd = on as the moft Salk fafe, ee, and Paes cure.

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY,. “on
“Or WEAKNESSES contractep BEFORE MARRIAGE.

THERE are fome diforders contracted by the fair fex, the caufe and cure of
which are of fuch a nature, that for feveral reafons, chiefly though fhame, they are
likely to. conceal them, and therefore may fuffer worfe confequences than can here be
defcribed. To tell, in few words, what I mean by fuch dileales as are contracted,

they are all fuch as the patient, by a criminal indulgence of her paffions, has herfelf
been inftrumental in caufing, For that many of the fair, efpecially in their younger
years, have fuffered much from a fecret vice, by which they have endeavoured to
‘procure themfelves.thofe pleafurable fenfations which God has ordered to be the
effects of a mutual commerce between the fexes, is a matter of late become too noto-
rious to be doubted, and too dreadful in its confequences to be indulged in; Imean—
that abominable vice onanifm, or fecret venery. And certainly none of them can
take it amifs if, for their advantage, I venture fo far to expofe this practice, as to
remove the evil confequences of it; and to prevent, as much as poffible, its continu-
ance. The fecret vice before-mentioned is chiefly a fault of the youth of both
fexes; and nothing is of more importance to the prefervation of human-kind in ge-
neral than the endeavouring to prevent a practice that ftrikes at the very root of
fecundity. Among the motives to this crime of felf-abufe, the three following
have, Ithink, with a great deal of juftice, been affigned asthe principal. Firlt, ig-
norance of its.nature and confequences. As to its nature, there is no exprefs pre-
hibition of it; and therefore, many-may unhappily be induced to imagine, when
either by ill example, their own lafcivious inclinations, or any accidentat caufe, they
have been betrayed into an acquaintance with the practice of it, that there —_ be no
harm in procuring to them(elves that fenfation, which, in their prefent circum-
ftances, they cannot otherwife acquire, without'a manifeft violation of the pesoest
laws, and the hazard of expofing themfelves to fhame and infamy. If it were sla
for.this unfortunate miftake, we have little reafon to imagine, that perfons other wife

and the mot obfervant of what is feemly in other particulars, would be guilty
n{t religion and decency. The cafe of Onan, however
: 9.) for thus wickedly defeating the -

pious,
of fuch an offence, both agai
~ whom God flew (fee Genefis, ch. xxxviil. ver.

purpofes-of generation, may anfwer the end of a prece ae bore
teftation of this:kind of uncleannefs. Nor is this example Jefs applicable to women fag

"than it is to men, fince we fall shew in the following ara ip a
pable to render themfelves unapt, by fimilar prattices, ho z nan tosheetliess ,
ation. And as to its confequences, they are no els fatal to this ex than to Bie ON”

in the. inftances. The fecrefy with which this
as will be abundantly fhewn in the fame 10! “— a fr aia

crime may be committed is a fecond in ducement to i eS ae
party in all other aéts of uncleannelss but in this, there is mertacs partak ee
A. 3L gee

fa precept, and witnefs the divine de- poes

22 #CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

nor witnefs. And this, above all other motives, feems to bave been the mot
dangerous to women in particular, who are naturally more bafhful. than men,;
and whom cuftom has precluded from making any advances towards a mutual
commerce with the other fex. Thirdly, there is no fpecific punifhment. to deter
from this practice; but every one, who will, commits it with impunity. -Adul. -
tery,in many countries, is punifhed with death: and with us, it fubjeéts.aman to
pecuniary fines, and inflicts eternal infamy on.the woman who is known to be guilty
_ofic. Even fornication, though regarded with lefs feverity, is yet moft fcandalous. —
to the fair fex in particular ; efpecially when they bring into the world, as the fruit of
it, a living witnefs of their crime. But for felf-abufe there is no infliction, no other
punifhment, but felf-confcioufnels, And indeed, how can there beany other? The
very nature of it, which renders it fecure againft deteétion, would fruftrate any pro+
| vifion that could be made in this cafe by the legiflature. And, befides this fecurity
from legal animadverfion, it is fafe from the confequence which fingle women mutt
-fear in their commerce with men, that of becoming pregnant. I might add, that.
fome give into this way out of caution, They are loth to truft.their. fortunes -and
. Prerogatives in the hands of a man, and therefore will not Marry; and, as to un-
lawful embraces; they dare not venture on them for many reafons. But: I-proceed
to fhew, that there can be no excufe for a practice, which, befides its wickednels is
the moft prejudicial that can be to the human conftitution, Its bad effects on the
body are many and great. If practifed often, it relaxes and fpoils the retentive fae.
culty. It occafions the whites in women, and gleets in men. It ruins the. com-
plexion, and makes them pale, fwarthy, and hagged. It produces a long train of
hyfteric diforders. ; and fometimes, by draining away the radical moifture, induces
confumptions. It brings on heats in the privities, belly, thighs, with fhooting pains
in the head, and all over the body. It fometimes brings on that fatal malady, afuror
uterinus, or, infatiable appetite to venery. But what it is moft liable to produce is
_ barrennefs, by caufing an indifference to the pleafures of Venus, and in time, a total
inability. or inaptitude to the aét of generatiomitfelf. Virgins, who indulge them-
felves over-eagerly in this abufe of their bodies, deflower themfelves, and deftroy the
~ valuable badge of their chaftity, which it is expected they fhould.not part with be~
; but which, when loft, can never be retrieved. With regard to
maids, who have hereby. deprived themfelves of that facred badge, the lofs of. which.
: marriage, was fo feverely punifhed.among the Jews, under what apprehenfions
ey continual ¥ lie }.--with what terrors muft they approachthe marriage-bed,
ow has defigned for the feat of the higheft fenfible. enjoyment! when.
sey reflee that their virtue, on the firft amorous encounter, is liable to fuch fuf-,
_ Picions as may never be worn off, but which may render uncomfortable the whole
life, both of her and her otherwife affectionate hufband !. But, befides this difgrace,
fuppofe women have actually entered with reputation in all other refpects. on the

“ ay ee | conjugal

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 223

conjugal ftate, how muft it grieve them, wheit they find the ends of it unanfwered,
and have room to‘charge their inaptitude to procreation ‘on their own fault | Borh
hufband and wife, perhaps, may be paffionately defirous of iffue; and the good
man may think it a defect in himfelf, that their nuptial embraces are perpetually
fruitlels. But, where a woman can charge herfelf with fuch a courfe of felf-abule,
as hath fenfibly weakened and debilitated her organs of generation, hath fhe not all
the reom in the word to be for ever unhappy, in the remembrance of her folly and
wickednefs ; and to believe, with jultice, that another woman in her cafe would not
be infertile? How much more tormenting muff it be, if, befides her having ren-
dered ineffectual the ufe of the marriage-bed, fhe feels in herfelf no inclination to
the enjoyment of it, and is thereby not only infenfible, as to her own particular, but
makes imperfect to her hufband that exquifite pleafure which ought to refult from
their mutual embraces! Suppofing neither of the aforefaid calamities to befal her,
but that fhe is capable of bringing forth heirs to her hufband, yet, if fhe is con-
{cious of having weakened her body, and brought on herfelf a miferable train of
pains and infirmities, what anxiety, what remorfe, mult nota woman endure on that
account! Every. guilty female, who finds in herfelf any of the difmal fymptoms here
enumerated, will not readily forget what fenfibly affects her; nor will fhe eafily for-
give herfelf thofe unnatural fallies, whofe fatal confequences reft heavily upon her,
and abridge her of half thofe enjoyments, which her fex, her conftitution, and the
various benefits of nature, had made her capable of partaking. What I have al-
ready faid;. if duly attended to, will be fufficient to render this practice deteftable ;
to deter the young, and hitherto innocent, from making themfelves miferable, and
- to ftop the courfe of thofe who have already advanced far in the road to deftruction.
A fadden ‘and refolute ftand, to all old offenders, is what I would in the firft place
ferioufly advife, as the moft effential ftep towards reftoring to themfelves @ found
conftitution, and that peace of mind, which they cannot otherwife SUSY » There
re few cafes fo bad, but what, jf taken in any reafonable time, a due regimen, and
zi ng the Solar and Lunar Tinétures, may be effectual in the relief of. Let
the ufe of | pBiagtacid a” they will do fo no more. Let them, as much as poffi- .
the guilty refolve then, that they w no are aS 5
eee fa eee but efpecially from every action, that may raife
ble, abftain from ‘every thought, but eipec : ¥ 2
e, e therm. when any way rempted, reflect on the miferable condi-
‘cegular defires. Let them, when any way tril Sine f-3 5 : ‘ii
per "a ss Contamptions, have died terrible examples to all
tion of many, who, in galloping contumption® ’ ss 2 ot ot whe Hiliacllaae
Pepepermir er rarer es: © the moft ufual complaints of tho ¢ who have been
Thole wae er ane reward the weaknefsand infertility of the genitals, they malt
guilty of this practice regard a which, from, its warm and ftim ating
have recourfe to the Solar Tintture alone, wh | em:

| See nares renovate the whole body, how much foever it might be
: : 2 . 4 4 we? 4 j
be debilitated, relaxed, and — ne Ried

3

a4 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

‘Or tuz FUROR UTERINUS,

THE faror uterinus is fuch a particular complication of hyfterical fymptoms,
from anextraordinary fulne(s or indammation of the veflels of the womb, as forms
afort of madnefs, wherein the patient is preternaturally difpofed, or involuntarily
excited, as it were, to venereal embraces. It is a diftemper not very frequent, but
which fometimes happens. The figns of it are very manifeft, both by the geftures
of the body. and the tendency of the patient’s difcourfe,; which, how great foever.
her natural modefty may be, will be extravagantly lewd: The-caufes of this difeafe.
are ufually the fame with thofe of other hyfterical diforders ; but, by falling on the
organs of generation, are more violent in their effects. A vigorous, healthy, and
fanguine, conftitution, high feeding, want of exercife, or a mixed converfation, may
difpofe to it: as may alfo too large a dofe of cantharides, and other provocative me-

< dicines ; or indulging vehement defires, and too great familiarity, but fhort of en-
joyment, with the other fex. Some time before the fit, the patient often appears
filent and forrowful, with a bathful, down-caft, look, and an unufual flufhing all
over the face, Her pulfe is irregular, varying from high and ftrong to low and
weak, and then with long intervals, heaving it out, as it were, with a figh: Thefe
fymptoms increafe gradually, till the fit actually comes on: then the patient burfts
out intoa fit of crying; when the tears are plentifully thed, if a man comes in her
way, fhe is apt-to lay hold of him, and-treat him with indecent fondnefs. In fine,
_thofe who labour under this diforder appear to be mad by intervals, and fay and do
a thoufand things which-they are unconfcious of when the fit is over. If the fymp-
toms are violent, the fit frequent and of long continuance, and efpecially if the
Patient be.of a fanguine conftitution, unmarried, aid the cafe originally proceeds
from a fixed amour, it is difficult of cure, and fometimes degenerates into a con-
tinued madnefs. But, if the diftemper proceeds from an obftruction or - fuppreffion
Of the monthly courfes, from too great-a quantity of blood, or from a too indulgent
i a remedied. The pees thus afflicted thould be removed inte, |

‘be of fervice,. ‘Her diet thould be thin and ‘cooling, and not taken in large ,
ext r dia between the fits, | moderate. pina her be kept, as much as

a ihe rr the is known.to regard, unlefs i it bes: bibs them entirely to-

the difea € a removing its origin. — Daring the fit, bleed directly,
confiderabl > quantity. , efpecially if any evacuations have been fup-
_ prefled ; afterwards exhibit the fliowing opiate: take ‘eyed water andl

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY,

white-wine vinegar, of each one ounce ; camphire half a fcruple; white fugar, two
ounces; liquid laudanum, forty drops: mix them well, for a fingle draught: alfo
take {pring-water, twelve ounces ; lemon-juice and white-wine vinegar, of each as
ounce and an half; white fugar, a fufficient quantity to make it palatable: mix them
well, and let her ufe it for common drink. Take milk, half a pint; tincture of |
afafoetida, two ounces; camphire, fugar of lead, and troches of myrrh, of each two
drachms : mix them, and inje¢t cold into the privities, with a proper inftrument,
If thefe fail of fuccefs, repeat the opiate; and, if the fit {till increafe, let the patient
be had to the cold bath. Bliftering alfo has been found ferviceable in fome women.
A whey diet, together with the ufe of the cold-bath continued for a month or two,
are excellent ; and during all this time, clyfters and injections may be ufed between
whiles, made according to the form above, without any mixture of more ftimulating
_ ingredients. When this difeafe degenerates into a madnefs, it muft be treated ac-
cordingly, and the beft advice fhould be immediately had; for, if it remains long
in a confirmed ftate, it will feldom admit of a cure. Hi |

Or CONCEPTION, or PREGNANCY.

- WHEN almighty God created the world, he fo ordered and difpofed of the ma~
teries mundi, that every thing produced from it fhould continue fo long as the world
fhould ftand. Not that the fame individual fpecies fhould always remain; for they
: were in procefs of time to perifh, decay, and return to the earth from whence they
came; but that every like fhould produce its like, every fpecies produce its own
_ kind, to prevent a final deftruétion of the fpecies, or the neceflity of a new creation.
For which end he laid down certain regulations, by which each fpecies was to be
propagated, preferved, and fupported, till, in order and courfe of time, they were to
be removed hence : for without that, thofe very beings, which were created at firtt,
mutt have continued to a final diffolution of all things; which almighty God, of his
infinite wifdom, did not think fit. But, that he might ftill the more manifett his
omnipotence, he fet all the engines of his providence to work, by te om __
was to produce another, by means of certains laws or rules, ese Pro
pagation, maintenance, and fupport, of all created beings. This his are
dence is called nature, and thefe regulations are called the laws of nature, by aa
it ever operates in its ordinary courfe, producing conception and a —
_ things, as it were, from the beginning. : ane |
- | The procefs of generation of the human Ipecies, ; # tl
it, is as follows : de penis being erected —— on of blood; the pasa 8
fame time tumefied ; and the nervous papillae int by which dhe feed is prefied :
excited, in coition; an ejaculatory sia follows, : eur
40. oe 3

225

26 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

, gut of the feminal yeficles, and expelled with fome confiderable force. The procefs

_ of generation on the part of the female is thus: the clitoris being erected, after the
like manner as the penis in man; and the neighbouring parts-all diftended with
bload; they more adequately embrace the penis in coition; and, by ‘the ‘intumef.
cence, prefs out a liquor) from the glands about the neck of the womb, to facilitate
the pafiage of the penis. At the fame time, the fibres of the womb, contracting,
open its mouth (which at other times is extremely lof) for the reception of the
finer part of the feed,

From this contact of the fexes, follows conception, or the preduGtion of an. alia,
which is.effe¢ted inthe. following manner: In the fuperfices of the tefticles or ova-
ries of women, there are found little pellucid fpherules, confifting of two concen-
tric membranes, filled with a lymphatic humour, and conne¢ted to the furface of the
ovaria, underneath the tegument, by a thick calix, centiguous to the extremities of
the minute samifications of the Fallopian tubes. Thefe fpherules, by the ufe of

venery, grow, fwell, raife, and dilate, the membranes of the ovary into the form of
papilla ;. till, the head propending from the ftalk, it is at length feparated from it ;
leaving it a hollow cicatrix, in the broken membrane of the ovary; which, how-
ever, foon grows up again. Now, in thefe {pherules, while ftill adhering to the
“ovary, foetufes have been frequently found: whence it appears, that thefe are’a
kind of ova, or eggs, deriving their ftructure from the veflels of the ovary, and their
liquor from the humours prepared therein. Hence, alfo, it appears, that the Fallo-
Pian tubes being fwelled, and itiffened by the act of venery, with their mufcular
fimbria, like fingers, may embrace the ovaries, compre{s them, and by that com.
prefion expand their own mouths: and thus the eggs, now taature, and detached as
before, may be forced into their cavities; and thence conyeyed into the cavity of the
uterus ; where they may either be cherifhed and retained, as when they meet with
the sadly or, if they want that, again expelled. Hence the phenomena of
falfe conceptions, abortions, foetufes found in the cavity of the abdamen, the Fal-
lopian tubes, &c. “For, in coition, the male feed, abounding with living animal.
les, agit with a great force, a brifk heas, and, probably, with agreat quantity
2 anit ni — is ee ee hinted Lae nahior a UsErUs, bjsainted

Haha ok pirits Sy oby means of the etapa ‘lad in the nervous Fiagille by
ition againft the rage ofthe vagina. The femen thus difpofed in the uterus,

is retained aeaes by the Senunulfins saint of the uterus infelf

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. * @a7
__». Yated pores of the membranula of the ovum, now become glandulous, is'there retain.
.,ed, nourifhed, dilated, grows to its umbilicus, or navel ; ftifles the other lefs lively

+ animalcules; and thus is conception effected. 5 ,
The egg in the ovarium of a woman, when impregnated with the male feed, may
_..be compared to the fmall round white {pot of the fize of a {mall pea on the yolk of
. ~ awhen’s egg; in which {mall part, if it is impregnated, the chicken begins to form,
-and which js commonly called the tread; though ’this part is always to be found in
the eggs of thofe hens that have not cohabited with the cock, but fmaller, and
. thefe, not having received the male feed, produce no chickens. Therefore fince an

nated, it is difcharged from the womb, without any further growth, The firlt

.thing that appears of a foetus,
-external coat of the egg: about ime th
vifible; and a little after the cerebrum and cere ,
“deror next,, he eyes Mundt prominent in’ thie Aes then hd pantiuss Geaey'ss
pulfation of the heart, is plainly fen. The extremities difcover themfelves Jaft
of all. ‘The formation of the bones in a foetus is very gradual and regularly per-
formed, In the fife two months there ie nothing of-e bony nanare in the whole
after this, the hardnefs of the parts where the principal bones are £0 ns oe aflifica-
comes by degrees perceptible. Dr. Kerkring defcribes the progrels siatsheiahe
tion from fkeletons which he had prepared from feetufes of a een
Up to nine. In the firft two months, or till the end of that agit aie . ne Soctil
any thing bony; afver this, in the third and fourth monet, #0, oo ing
Parts, one after another, acquire their Bony RITES» | a stniprate into cate
is membranous, where the bones are to be; thefe by degrees i bones hconleleee ame

tilages ; and from thefe, b by fack flow, though fuch.cer~,

_ are by degrees formed. All « doing, though it ealily § es

tain, progteffions, that the niceft
when done. . |

Though the ftate of pregnancy is not
complaints which merit great attention,

a difeate, yet i :
ancboften require the ® ek 5 Babee

fe ‘

2g CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

Some women indeed are more healthy during their pregnancy than at any other
time; but this is by no means the general cafe: moft of them breed in forrow, and
are frequently indifpofed during the whole time of pregnancy. Few fatal difeafes,
however, happen during that period; and hardly any, except abortion, that can be
called dangerous. Every pregnant woman is more or lefs in danger of abortion.
This fhould be guarded againft with the greateft care, as it not only weakens the
conftitution, but renders the woman liable to the fame misfortune afterwards. Abor-
tion may happen at any period of pregnancy, but it is moft common in the fecond
or third month. Sometimes, however, it happens in the fourth or fifth. If it hap-
pens with the firft month, it is ufually called a falfe conception ; if after the feventh
month, the child may often be kept alive by proper care. The common caufes of
abortion are, the death of the child; weaknefs or relaxation of the mother; great
evacuations ; violent exercife; jumping, or ftepping from an eminence; vomit-
ing, coughing, convulfion-fits, ftrokes on the belly, falls, fevers, difagreeable
fmells, excefs of blood, indolence, high living, or the contrary, violent paflions or
affections of the mind, as fear, grief, &c.. When any figns of abortion appear, the
woman ought to be laid in bed on a mattrafs, with her head low. She fhould be

~ kept quiet, and her mind foothed and comforted. She ought not to be kept too hot,

nor to take any thing of a heating nature. Her food fhould confift of broths, rice

- and milk, jellies, gruels made of oat-meal, and the like, all of which ought to be
taken cold. If fhe be able to bear it, fhe fhould lofe, at leaft, half a pound of blood

from the arm. Her drink ought to be barley-water, fharpened with juice of lemon;

or fhe may take half a drachm of powdered nitre, in a cup of water-gruel, every

five or fix hours. If the woman be feized with a violent loofenefs, fhe ought to
drink the decoétion of calcined hartfhorn prepared. If the be affeéted with vomit- _

“ing, let her take frequently forty drops of the Lunar Tinéture in a wine-glafs of cold

{pring water. In general, opiates are of fervice, but they fhould always be given
with caution. Sanguine robuft women, who are liable to mifcarry at a certain time
of pregnancy, ought always to be bled a few days before that period arrives. By
this means, and Lsielietie: in the Lunar. Dae they might always efcape that :

OF CHILD- BIRTH.

THOU the: management of women in child-bed has been practifed as an em-
ployment fince the earlieft accounts of time, yet it is ftill, in moft countries, on a
very bad footing. Few women think of following this employment till they be re-
duced to the neceffity of Going i it for bread. Hence not one in a hundred of them
have any education, or proper knowledge of their bufinefs. It is true, that nature,
if left to herfelf, will gaeedly expel d the foetus ; but it is equally true, that moft

women

ee

ei

oft ?

>
Fs

PCL?

ry?
t

0

Y

Lijition of a Child inthe Womb jf?

CPD

a ee Hertd! Culh 4

. faid orifice: pain

AND FAMILY DISPENSaTory. 229

See ean mr it ei,
«SP hd cniillieh eae us prejudices of ignorant and officious midwives,
€ mulcnier done in this way 1s much greater than is rally j » mo
of which might be prevented by allowine Peet RT, va
8 no women to practife midwifery but fuch
- as are properly qualified, Were due attention paid to: this, it would not only be
the ae of faving pied lives, but would prevent the neceffity of employing men
in this indelicate and difagreeable branch of medicine, which is, on many accounts,
more proper for the other fex. In order to obtain 4 perfect idea of the procels
of delivery, and to form a competent knowledge of difficult child-births, it is ne-
ceffary we fhould firft underftarid thofe that are natural. The time of the natural -
birth is from the 15th day of the ninth month to the end of the goth of the fame:
yet fome women affirm it'may be fooner or later. Hoffman fays, the ufual time
is nine folar months 3 and Junker, that, excretions from the uterus being by women
referred to certain lunar phafes, they reckon their going with child by che weeks,
and that they ufually exclude the foetus forty weeks from the time of their being
with child, commonly on that very daythey were uféd to have their menfes. When
this time is arrived, ¥ ‘ich may be known bya I nark ible defeent of the womb,
and a fubfidence of the belly, the foetus is nature for delivery; it then turns round,
and its head falls cowards the orifice of the womb, asintheannexed plate, where A A
denotes the portion of the chorion diffeéted and removed from its proper place; B,
4 portion of the amnios; © C the membrane of the wonib diffetted ; D D the pla-
- eenta endued with many f veffels by which the infgnt receives its nourifhment "
EE the varication of the vefféls which makes up the navel ftring; F F the navel
‘flring, by which the umbilical veffels are carried from the placenta into the pavel
GG the infant asit lieth perfect in the. womb ready for delivery Hi che infection
of the umbilic veffels into the navel of thein inte T he orifice of the rom amg
and the chorion and amnios, being dri-

w.

r ca a “ p P = se Laer ee 2
there is a frequent a

“touch, with the fore and middle fin
41. |

3N ee

30 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

the orifice of the womb, to difcern whether it be dilated, contracted, or in an oblique °

or ftraight direction , from whence a judgment may be formed whether it will
» come eafily, or ‘difficultly, &c. as reprefented in No. 1. of the annexed plate, where
A denotes the uterus; BB the vagina laid open; CC the os uteri internum, as yet
contracted, but in its right fituation ; D reprefents the manner of examining the os
uteri with one or more of the fingers, which if obliquely fituated either forwards to-
ward the os pubis, backwards on the os facrum, or towards either fide, denotes a

- difficule delivery, As the infant gradually advances, the above-mentioned protube- —

- rance continually enlarges the paffage, till the crown of the head may be felt; the
birth is then faid to be advanced one third, and the midwife may now affift che ex-
clufion, When the infantis advanced forward as far as his ears, he is faid to be i in
the paffage, as fhewn in-No. 2. of the annexed plate, which reprefents the natural
pofture of the infant in the birth, with its head protruding into the os uteri, under

the arch of the os pubis: A the infant, B B the womb laid open, C C the offa pubis,
; x Pt ‘= offa ifchii, BE E the offa ilei, F the erg G ae fecundines adher-

"hao

mote die expulfion of #3 ‘ata “When the child i is born, the inidwife thould <

a it on her knees fo as to give iffue to the waters from the mouth, if any has been’ i 4
imbibed : feeb arte the placenta appears of icfelf, if not attached to the uterus: if

toducing her hand. The

: = " navel- {tring muft now w be cut, having firft made a ena as well on the child’s fide :
: ntan haemorrhage. After. the child is born, and the

‘on the mother’s to prey

s
ae

after-birth brought away, let 4 warm linen cloth be applied t tothe parts, but not

fo as to hinder the fowing of thelochia. An hour after, let the mother take a little
oil of fweet almonds, to eafe the after-pains, and let a cataplafm of the oil of {weet
~ almonds two oufices and two or three new-laid eggs be boiled together, and laid to
2 parts, renewing it very” fix hours, for two days: fifteen te after the big.

fostiics ‘The halk — 4 t

child rightly placed, h a

“ate come away, and Se. or when the mother will not exert herfelf; or ~
there i is a natural fault i in the ger uital parts; Ina defedt of ftrength, or pains all elfe whee
being right, a draught of g erous wine fhould be given, with cinnamon and mace, ee

ae ; again

(AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY, i

again and again, if the work does not go forward. If there wants a greater ftimu-
lus, borax, cinnamon, or myrrh, may be given, witha proper drink, which muft be
repeated in an honr or two, if occafion requires. Bur the abufe of forcing medicines
is dangerous : ftimulating clyfters may be injected now and then, efpecially if the
woman is coftive. The midwife fhould alfo prefs back theos coccygis, which tends
to excite the pains, and to eafe che labour. If the parts are over ftrair, as in the firft
birth, efpecially if the woman is not young, emollient liniments are to be ufed, and —
the parts muft.be anointed with frefh butter, or oil, and to be dilated gently with
the fingers. If there isa tumour, caruncle, or membrane, oppofing the birth, -a
furgeon’s affiftance is required, The midwife is in fault, when fhe haftens the la-
bour before the time, when there are no true pains, when the orifice of the uterus is
not open, which alone diftinguifhes the true pains from falfe: the true time of birth
muft be waited for: the woman muft be compofed, and her fpirits kept up with
comfortable liquors. If the fault is with the foetus, and the head too large, or the
fhape monttrous, or the fituation preternatural, then forcing medicines are fruitlefs
and noxious; and the foetus muft be brought forth by the feet, by a fkilful hand, or
the inftrument called embryulcus, as in No. g. of the annexed plate, whether alive
or dead. If the feet prefent firft, as in No. 3. the midwife muft be wary, left there
be twins, and left he fhould take a foot of each: the feet muit be wrapped in
a dry napkin, and the child muft be drawn gently, tll the wafte is in the orifice of
~ the uterus: then the infant’s hands fhould be drawn clole by the fides ; and if the
nofe be towards the os pubis, it fhould be turned towards the coccyx, to prevent a
obftacle. Then, the orifice mutt be dilated with the fingers, and the yao sa
throws fhould affift the midwife’s efforts to educe the child. If che chin ppan
raffed, the midwife mutt difengage ic, by putting her finger intothe mouth, in “ a
to turn it toadvantage. Ifthe infant’s head prefents acrofs, as in No, 4. it mu
pur pack, 7 nigel y ar ae If the belly, hip, or thigh, |
meee é é Re poe 8. the child muft is extracted by the feet, and the mo-
wer lie horizontally on her back. If one or both hands are directed upwards,
ther matt | ere - prehend, for they will keep
and lie clofe to the head, the cafe is not fo bad a fome appreh

; ee ents ftrangling. If one leg, or the
the orifice dilated, till the head paffes, and prey ‘ E neht forth by the
feet and hands, appear, they mutt be returned, and the infant brough |
feet, as in No, 10. and rr. If the infant is —_ there 7 Be ictok th laa
abdomen; the breafts are flaccid ; the infants AIM bones of the fkull are
and thechild, upon motion, rolls like a lump of lead. hs vm from the uterus 5
wrapped over one another; an ichorous fymphatic fanies

inti There is ion i vel firings it is
the mother is fubject to fainung. bereae: is no pulfation in the na ie

4

nerally a collapfion ofthe

23322 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

foft and indolent to the touch, and abfolutely deprived of motion. If the placenta
comes firft, and is hot, the child ig alive. Above al], if any part of the infant’s
body appears, and is full of {mall velicles livid, foft, and brittle, it is not only dead,
but beginning to putrify. In thefe cafes it muft be extraéted by the feet, and if it
cannot be done otherwife, with an inftrument ; but a man-midwife’s affiftance mutt
not be neglected. When the foetus dies before the time of birth, and the membranes.
continue whole, it will not putrify ; therefore the work mutt be left to nature, for
birth-pains will at length come on {pontaneoufly. If the navel-ftring appears firft,
and is compreffed foon after by the head of the infant, its life is in danger, and the
remedy is’ to return the infant, and reduce the cord, till the head fills the-orifice ;
bur, if this cannot be done, the woman muft be put in a fuitable pofture, and the
child mutt be extracted by the feet. When the placenta prefents itfelf, which is
known by its fpungy, foft, texture, and the great quantity of blood flowing at the
fame time, it requires {peedy affiftance, If the membranes are entire, they fhould be
broken; the placenta and membranes fhould be reduced into the uterus, and the
child be extracted by the feet; which js more eafily performed in the membranes
than in the uterus, and put into a. proper fituation: but, if the placenta is difen- —
gaged from its membranes, and thele aré broke, and the placenta, or both, appear
_ before the infant, they may be brought away firft, and the infant immediately after-
wards. When there is a great Aux of blood from outward accidents, the infant
fhould be immediately delivered by art, though the mother is not in true labour. If
| the uterus is opened, and the vagina relaxed, as in this cafe they commonly are, the
child muft be extracted by the feet ; if not, they muft be mollified with freth oil,
and the infant delivered as before. After all laborious births, the woman is gene-
. fally weak, and apt to faint: therefore, her {pirits fhould be kept up by a glafs of hot
_ wine, or analeptic water, which mutt be repeated as oft as there isoccafion. If, after
_ the child is born, the placenta does not faon follow, and it adheres tothe womb, the |

= _ Woman is not to change her pofture immediately, but the midwife’s hand is to be

introduced into the womb, as far as the placenta, taking the navel-ftring for a

ide ; and, taking hold of it, fhe is to move it gently to and fro, in order to loofen’

extract its If it adheres too clofely, it is not to be pulled forcibly, or broken: _
beft to wait half an hour, keeping the hand in the uterus, for fear of its

it comes away of itfelf, or may be feparated without force, as in No.

its the method of feparating and extracting the placenta from the

does not ealily follow the infant, There the navel-ftring A A is

nd B, while the right hand D is. thereby guided in the collapfed

1¢ pl: c nt ak, which is hereby feparated from the uterus, If, through

Of the midwife, the orifice of the womb clofes, before it is come —

: et See a as

2

MAO.

Wa.

WRN

Wee

=

-

Lifition of the un

ua fe heerik Ce

VOS.t7.

de

7? Capit o7) Alaxce

a
v7.

}
ew

7

i

b &
oe

A

Frattentdsitdf-

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY.. _ 233

tway, aloetic pills muft be taken every evening. If it Putrifies, the patient dies, or
falls into dangerous fevers. After delivery, the woman fhould be put into bed, and
2 folded fheet put under her hips, in order to receive thelochia. Warm linen fhould
be applied to the genital parts, to keep out the air, anda comprefs, dipped in warm
wine, fhould be applied to the belly, but not too tight. If there are violent pains
after delivery, they generally proceed from the after-birth’s being retained, or part of
it; from blood clotted, or concreted, in the uterus; from hard labours from a defect
in the flux of the lochia ; or from wind, efpecially if the woman has aoc been fwath-
ed in a proper way. Inchis cafe, hot diluerts are proper, or.an infufion of camomile
flowers, drunk as tea, or broths with carraway-feedss or wormwood, or thin orange-
peel one ounce, ora bitter tinture in a proper infufion, taken hot. Aneunce ortwo
of oil of {weet almonds, taken in a hot vehicle, is alfo excellent, 5

If violent pains continue after delivery of the child, fo.as to givefufpicion of more
being left behind, the greateft care and circumfpedtion fhould be ufed in examining
the ftate of the uterus, and watching : an opportunity to-extraét them in thofe favour-
able moments when the efforts of nature and the mother’s throws mutually confpire
to promote the birth; and in which the utmoft fkill.and caution is requifite, or both
mother and offspring are liable to perifh. Thele cafes, when they happen, are ge-
nerally attended with the more difficulty from them ideale not knowing the ufual po-

fition of a plural conception. _ T have theref re giv
cafe, where three children were efaely delivered, whos withthe mother areall in afair

way of doing weil. e
The moft fatal diforder pa ccpny upon delta is the plas © or child-bed

fever; and there is not-any difeafe that requires to be d with more {kill and
attention than this$ confequently the beft affiftance ought always to be obtained -
foon as poffible. In women of plethoric conftitutions, bleeding will generally

ht h er to be ufed with caution, and.not to be
proper at the beginning ; ; it ought howev: tgs on ae se wep

repeated unlefs where the figns of infamm ion
Riis: to apply a blifter to the region of the womb. eee. apie -
cold ft, proper means fhould be ufed to abate its violence, and shorts

For this purpofe the patient Cee
may take now and dens a
tremities, as heated bricks,

like, may alfo be ufed with ad

1 cup i “white-wine-whey.; 3 warm -
bottles or bladders filled with warm water, and fuche, a

vantage. Emollient clyfters of milk ant) .

h the ee ie
of chicken water, ought-to be frequently adminiftered throug

from the 4
vi al b promotmg a difcharge
difeafe. Thefe prove beneficial by ig f %

alfo.by.aéting as a kindly fomentatio of ey
however is requifite in giving them, on aon of the tendernefs of tht a

$l.

atient may drink freely of warm dileting liquors, and, if low, #2,

234 CULPEPER? & ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

the pelvis at this.time..... The medicine always found to fuceeed belt in this. difeate ig:
the Lunar Tin¢ture. This, if frequently repeated, will often put a {top to the v vo-
miting,,and at the fame time. leffen.the violence of the fever. If it runs off by itool,
or if the patient be reftlefs, a few drops of laudanum, or fome fyrup of poppies, may
occafionally be added... To avoid this fever, every woman in child-bed ought to be-
kept perfectly eafy; her food fhould be light and fimple, and her bed-chamber cool,
and properly ventilated. ‘There is not any thing more hurtful to a woman in this.
fituation than being kept too warm. She ought not to have her body.bound too tight,
nor to rife. too foon.from bed, after delivery ; catching cold is.alfo to be avoided ;.
anda proper attention fhould be paid‘ to cleanlinefs. To prevent the milk-fever,
the breafts ought to be frequently drawn ; and, if they are full previous to the on-
fet of a fever, they fhould, upon its firft appearance, be drawn, to prevent the milk
from » becoming acrid, and its being abforbed in this ftate.

_, DISEASES. or INFANTS,

oERis is:proper; immediately after children are born, to fearch narrowly whether they.
- have received any injury, either in the womb or in the delivery itfelf. Bruifes j in:
_ the head, or/elfewhere, occafioned by the rough treatment of the midwife ; and:
fwellings,occafioned, by a preffure. againft the internal orifice, may be cured or dif-
cuffed by tite following mixture: take camphorated fpirit of wine. and oil of fweet.
"almonds, of each two drachms; compound fpirit of lavender, half a drachm: mix;
Let the injured part be frequently anointed therewith. It may alfo be now and then
fomented ‘with watm milk. But, if the fwelling tends to fappuration, i it ought to be
immediately forwarded with mucilage plaifter, diachylon with gum, or a poultice of
breadand milk. And after.the difcharge of matter; ufe Arceus’ s liniment, warm,
and mixed with a little Peruvian parses for the dtefiings; spagring. them with a
imple diachylon plaifter. : 7 2,

- Phe gripes in: children fometimes prove fo violent, as to Bib hea’ into univer- 3
‘fal convulfions, or to caufe what is called a convylfion.of the bowels, ‘When the-
ee fur partes to caufe this diforder, it is ufual to-boil carraway-feeds and laurel-
caves along. ) mix. little wine or brandy. If the me-
otal bt been duly purged away, ‘five grains of rhubarb_ fhould be given.
_ twice aewee Koti the bowels are evacuated; or a little oil of. fweet almonds, and: _
fyrup of violets, where-the infant is weak... When the taking i in too much milk is.
fafpected to be: the caufe, let it be debarred the breaft a fhort time, and in the mean.

— while exhibit, the following: mixture : take. fyrup of peach blofioms and rhubarb, :

: = of each half an ounces of annifeed, two-drops: mix, Let a fmall ipoonful of this
’ Ke | given occaftonally; SiS Mestrenntarni bg; “When the. = surdling of the milk:
ssc cafes.

“y
£ Lib Ce DSi
ee ee laf

-ydhdagesy but, whe

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. © > 295:
eaufes the gripes, proceed as follows: take rhubarb powdered fine, and magnefia
alba, of each ten grains ; oil of annifeed, one drop: mix. Give half this fora
purge, ina fpoonful of the mother’s milk, and repeat the dofe two or three times
if there be occafion. When worms are the caufe of the gripes, the readieft way to
remove them is by giving AZthiop’s mineral and rhubarb mixed in equal quantities,
about fivegrains ata time, twice a-day. If wind be the caufe, the belly of the child
may be anointed with a mixture of two parts oil of fweet almonds and one part
French brandy ; wrapping the part up watm afterwards witha flannel. »

The fymptoms of cutting teeth generally begin about the fifth or fixth: ann at
which time fome of the fore teeth rife, and occafion great pain, or evem convulfions.
Children have then commonly an itching, heat, pain, and fwelling, ia the gums ;!
their fpictle rifeth much 5. they are reftlefs and feverith, fometimes loofe, and fome-
times coftive; A few-days before any tootlt is cut, the gum immediately above it
appears thin and whitifh, its fides being {welled and inflamed. Children of grofs
habit, and who-breed their teeth with coftivenels, are generally in mot danger. The
following mixture, given occafionally, w will mitigate the pain, during the cutting
teeth: take black cherry water, two ounces; compound piony water, two drachms;
confeétion of kermes, two fcruples ; Sydenham’s liquid Jaudanum, ——""
mix. Let one fpoonful begiven ata time, when the child is very-reftlets.
Thofe little ulcerous eruptions in the mouth called the thrufh, which fects
appear early, and fometimes not till the third or fourth year, are accou nted danger
ous when joined with a fever, and’are always troublefome. ‘The child here fhould
be kept moderately cool, as in a common fever, and a {mall blifter may be applied

to the neck, ‘if the diforder be great. In the mean tin ule the following julep:

take black cherry water, four ounces ; treacle water, one ‘ounce; lemon juice, fix

- “Grachms; {pirit of fweet nitre and fpt. volatile oleofum, of éach fifteen op
mix. Givea fpoonful or two every third or fourth hour; anddlet ——.. ° e
mouth be ‘cleanfed with the following gargle: take barley anaes _ ‘

eft vinegar, one ounce ; , fyrup ‘of mulberries, fix drachms: mux. ?
ufed twice or thrice a-day,. witha foft linen rag, or the nurfe’sdingere os -

and tieht fwathing, are apt to canfe: ruptures

crying, violent motion,
| Ee ade infants: While the raprare: wie may be pare by
: ade for that purpe ringent fomentations,’
: he tee eatie ‘and red’rofe flowers, boiled in st watery,
iit mixed with red wine, ay be — aeer tbe inteftines are ne . dps
be immediately ¢ done. Small

: ildren, are ‘ofually
| Hope fe 3 nthey continue ganinate; t

“dle, as quiet as iim 3 When

26 CULPEPRER'’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,
When the futires or-joining feams of the bead continue to long open, it is
thought a bad fign. ‘In this cafe it is ufual to rub the head often with a little warm,
~ ram or brandy, mixed with the-white of an ega, and palm oil; a red cloth being.
conftantly worn over the part. But, when this diforder proceeds from a colle€tion
of water in the head, it muft be cured by iffues in the neck, perpetual blifters, and
purgatives. A purgativediet-drink may be made of rhubarb and fweet fennel feeds,
to be drunk.daily. ‘When there is a diforder dire@ly oppofite to this, called bead-
mould foot, which fignifies. a too clofe locking of.the futures, it is ufually age to
nature, as admitting of no help from medicine. fob
Breakings-out in children, when they are fuperficial, contain a thin yellow mat-
ter, and leave the fkin beneath red when the {cabs fall off, are rather falutary than
hurtful. It is cuftomary, however, to. purge with a few grains of rhubarb, and
anoint the puftules with cream, or oil of almonds, or extract of Saturn, commonly
called Goulard. A little bafilicon likewife, fpread thin upon lint, has been found
ufeful ; and the body fhould be kept open. But; when thefe cafes grow inveterate
and ftubborn, there can be no fafer. method;than a courfe of Aiithiop’ $ mineral and
thubarb. |
. Lhe rickets i ‘is a diforder of the ‘bones of children, caufing a baadking out or
crookednefs thereof, Ir may be occafioned by fwathing a child too tight in fome
places, and teo loofe in others ; by placing it in an inconvenient, or too often in
the fame, pofture ; fuffering i itto be long wet; not -giving it proper motien, or
ufing it fo one arm only: . It may alfo be owing to the parents, or fome defe& in
the digeftive faculty, or a vifcidity of the blood. But the moft evident caufe of the
rickets, isthe violence done tothe body by, preffure or {wathing, while the bones are
but in a cartaliginous ftate.. Add to this, external injury by falls, blows, difloca-
_ tions, or fractures, which fpecies fometimes brings on an afthma, confumption, or
| ‘okdoels of the back. Upon the firft Sige of this dilate, which ufually

‘Knott aye thefe rT HE continue. long, a + dificulty of breathing.”
t r eric fever, come on; the belly fwells, the pulfe grows weak, and.
the child’s life i is in dang “8 The rickets is moft commonly cured, when taken ia
: time, and while the cela se young Bat, if it continues lan, the patient gene-,
rally

‘AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY, 7

rally becomes a ‘dwarf, and ‘is fickly or: phthifical’ during Tifé, efpecially if the
back be any way affefted. A ricketty child thould be ufled to motion, and kept as
much as poffible in a pofture oppofite to that which his bones are inclined to. . It is
alfo ferviceable, before the diftemper is confirmed, to plunge the child two or three
times every morning inatub of cold water, during the months of May and June
efpecially.. After being takea out the laf time, it is to be well dried, and put im-
mediately i into a bed or cradle, there to fweat freely for an hour or more, as the
ftrength will bear ; and, when it grows cool again, it may be taken up and thifted.
T he back-bone alfo, and j joints, may every night be anointed before the fire, with
the white of an egg, beat into a water with a whifk or fpoon; or with a liniment of
rum and palm oil. Itis ufual likewife to apply a plaifter of minium and oxy-
_.croceum along his back, and to rub him all over before the fire, but moftly the
"parts affected, with adry linen cloth. But perhaps nothing can exceed the follow-
ing liniment and plaifter ; the former for anointing the joints, and principal parts
affected, with a warm hand,once or twicea-day ; and the latter for applying to the
back, or any particular part, being fpread upon leather. Take nerve ointment,
with oils of palm and bays, of each one ounce ; balfam of Peru, and oil of nutmeg,
by expreffion, of each two drachms ; oil of cloves and chemical oil of amber, of
each ten drops ; compound fpirit of lavender, one ounce; fpirit of fal ammoniac,
two drachms : mix fora liniment. Take platters of cummin, brown, minium, and
herniam and oxycroceum, of each haif an ounce ; balfam of Perv, one drachm,
powder of red rofe flowers, and armenian bole, of eachhalf an ounces ois of amiss
and camphire, of each one drachm; oil of parfley, enough to makea conlifteace for
ua a after, When the diltemper feems fixed and obftinate, iffues maybe cut in the
| vee neck, efp ally if the head be large, and the child of a grofs habit.

Or ‘BARRENNESS IN ‘WOMEN, AND INSUFFICIENCY IN : MEN.

“BARRENNESS i is fuch a ftate of a woman’s body as indifpofes it, upon the
ule of the natural means, to conceive and propagate her fpecies. This diftemper

roceed h be reduced to” thefe two general heads:
2 ; frogs Page ie es ce eee the male femen i in the act of copu-

--An indifpofition of the parts
ih in an aah, ftreaming from it which. alone can impregnate ne
— Secielle ---An inaptitude to r retain and nourifh the vital particle a it
ovar. , e, becomes a proper foe
t and r _ its parts, till it

is injected, { fo as to daegtog 3 ish indered by many caules; as, immature @ 9.

ital paffages the woman cannot admit
ithout great pain, which makes het diflike en

s the fame effect 5 for, in elderly, virgins, t the
an »P | “

when by reafon o}
the virile member, or at leaftnot v Ww

4t.

28- -CULPERER’s-ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

parts are fo ftraitened for want of ufe, that they cannot without difficulty con:
tribute to the ‘means of generation. Women who are fame alfo, or have their
limbs diftorted, or their hips depreffed, cannot always lie in fuch a pofture as is ne-
ceffary for a fit reception of the femen. Too much fat likewife ftops the paflage,
particularly, when the omentum preffes upon the orifice of the womb, and renders
the copulation incommodious. And, when a woman is troubled with a cold intem-
perament of the womb, fhe becomes dull and indifferent as to conjugal embraces,
in which fhe hardly enjoys any pleafure, or is fo flowly moved, that the inner orifice
of the womb does not open feafonably to receive the man’s feed. The paffions of
the mind are-alfo a great hindrance to fertility, efpecially hatred between man and
wife, whereby the woman, having an averfion to enjoyment, does not fupply {pirits
fufficient to make the genital parts turgid at the time of coition: nor can the womb
then kindly meet the efluvium, and draw it into its cavity in a due manner, _ Swel-
lings, ulcers, callofities, obftru€tions, diftortions of the genital or neighbouring
parts, may be fo many impediments to the proper reception of the male femen, or its
Jetention and nutriment after reception. A ftone in the bladder may have the fame
effect, as maya too gréat moiftnefs and flipperinefs of the womb or vagina, when
they are filled with excrementitious humours, and rendered too lax. Conception is
7 jalfo hindered by a hectic, hydropic, or feverith fickly, habit; bya deficiency or ob-
ftruction of the monthly courfes, when the natural brifknef{s of the blood is wanting;
_by an immoderate flux of the courfes, which impoverifhes the fluids ; by the whites,
which, continuing too long, relax the glands of the womb, and drown, as it were,
“the prolific particles 5 and too often by /ecret venery, which utterly deftroys the tone -
and vigour of the parts. This may particularly. happen. on the fide of the man,
ae fince it induces a feminal weaknels, and a want of a proper erection. A virulenr |
_ gonorrhea or ill-cured venereal cafe, faft living, a worn-out conftitution, and want
of animal {pirits, or fufficient feed, are ‘fo many obftacles to procreation. Some
times, indeed, there may be no defeét difcoverable on either fide, and yet the parties
pain without iffue, notwithftanding their moft earneft endeavours to the contrary,
n.a,{welling actually appears in the uterine veffels, when the menfes are irregu-
the whites, have continued long, if, by the ule of proper means, the woman

ive under thefe circumftances, her own reafon will dictate to her, that

hen fhe is very fat and bulky, and has room to think her concep-
> her only way is to correét that vicious habit by a thin fpare
proper If the lips of the privities, or the entrance of the'va-
Sina, are clofed, itis a the fight: but, when the orifice of the womnbis thut
tp, it is difficult to be while the patient is very young, and ‘till her coitrles

immediate recourfe to the remedies preferibed for thofe particular

ee eee
: Let te ey
ce ee ee |

Fi,

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY, > 39

come down : but, when the patient is once certain that it happens by any of thefe_
caufes, it may not be rafh to fay, . that conception is impracticable till they are re-
moved. When there is a total want of erection, or-of feminal matter, on the fide of
the male, generation is not only impofiible, but the cure very precarious and diffi-
cult. Preparatory to the cure of infertility in either fex, it is proper to ufe evacua-
tions, unlefs any particular fymptom fhew them to be dangerous. Bleeding, lenient -
3 purgatives, fuch as the folutive ele€tuary, anda gentle vomit of ipecacuanha, efpe-
cially if the perfon be plethoric, or cacochymic, ‘cannot but be of great fervice;
becaufe moft of the medicines to be prefcribed, in this cafe, being aromatic, or
highly nourifhing, may otherwife bring on inflammatory diforders, ‘as the pleurify,
‘pflammation of the lungs, and the like. Due evacuations having been complied
with, proceed with the following ftrengthening ‘electuary : take roots of fatyrion
and eringo candied, of each one ounce ; powders of cinnamon, fweet fennel feeds,
and preferved ginger, of each half an ounce; mace, roots of contrayerva and Spa-
nifh angelica, of each one drachm ; troches of vipers, one ounce; juice of kernies,
fix drachms; tincture of cantharides, half a drachm; fyrup of cloves, a fufficient
quantity to make an electuary. Let the quantity ‘of a large nutmeg bé taken
n, and at n ht going t to bed;
morning early, at about five o ’clock every afternoon, ig
and let this courfe be continued as long as the cale ‘requires. “Three ‘of
‘the following wine fhould be drunk after each dofe 0 the efficacy of which ie will
make.a confiderable addition. Take canary wine, two quarts 5 "cloves, nbtinegs,
: cinia fr ake-root, and cochineal, of each
long pepper, fmaller cardamum feeds, Virginia fn

els, four ounces: - infufe the aromatics, —
one.drachm and a half; fyrup. of citron pe bat oe S arcbalaaehe.

| I, we
and mixin the fyrup..lf thefe, upon dest igs dhabiree
lowing, which is more ftimulating and powerful, agit bay ein eth half
of orange-peels, one ounce; Venice treacle, afd a der of faffron, fmaller carda-
an ounce ; fpecies of digmbre, winters Baths goes rdot an cloves of each
“mum, feeds carraways powdered rintmegs, Virginian zi yh make an electuary.
dr hens viper’s Aeth, an Ounce 5 balfamic fyrup, enoug to the other, ie.
ac had , as oe
a this be taken. in the fame quantities, @ and 3 at the fame it ier e.
_ drinking. after it four fpoonfuls of
dered, one ounce; fweet fennel feeds, ‘bite

_ an ounce Spanith angelica root, ginger, ©

one drachm and a half; 5 canary: wine, -
-or three days, and to the trained infafion, aid Set ts

- two ounces. At twelve oO *clock ¢ each day, fe i
ture ina wine-glafs of cold {pring wate 5 Polar wi ek
» for the purpofe of curing fterility.

es
seat the fpirits, invigorates and reviv’

240 CULPEPER's. ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

__raifes the appetite to venereal embraces, but removes the ufual obftractions of ferti-
fity 5 prepares the’ femen for performing i its office, and the ova forimpregnation. In
old age it warms, ‘comforts, and excites the generative parts to admiration, and
“feldom fails of performing a cure in forty or fifty days, if duly followed, and the
barrennefs or imbecility be not abfolutely incurable by medicine; particularly if
‘aMfifted with a nourifhing diet, of which. plenty of .good potatoes and rich milk
-ought to make a a confiderable part. "When there is a fufficient erection, and only
the feed is ‘wanting, ‘all ftimulating and-aromatic medicines muft be entirely omit-
ted, and-the cure attempted with the Tincture only, affifted with a nourifhing diet;
to which the ufe of external liniments muft be added. Take nerve ointment, two
ounces, oi] of mace by. expreffion, one drachm and a half ; -balfam of -Peru, ‘two
drachms + chymical oils of lavender, cloves, and rhodium, of each four.drops : mix.
‘Anoint the parts between whiles with this liniment; that is to fay, the penis and fcro-
‘tum if it be for a man, and'the pudendum if for a woman, and it will not fail of ad-
-miniftering comfort and ftrength. If any thing yet more ftimulating be defired, a
drachm and + a half, or two drachms, of tincture of cantharides, may be added to ei-
‘ther preparation. But I would not-advife any debilitated perfon to be too bufy with
Aigh provocatives, becaufe they may incite to the ufe of venery before nature is pre-

pared for it, and fo exhauft the animal fpirits more by one fingle a&of coition than

‘it would 'be’by twenty in’ the common way. It is better, therefore, for moft per-
fons, to keep to the liniments and Tin@ture only, that their ftrength and’ ability
-may be always equal to their inclination, ‘To recover the tone and vigour of the

‘internal parts in women, -ufe the following : take.cloves, nutmegs, ginger, Spanifh
angelica, of each one drachm aloes wood, mace, cardamum feeds, of each one

-feruple; ‘mint-leaves, one handful; cantharides, two drachms ; infufe them in-a
‘pint of white wine, and boil over a gentle fire till it is reduced to twelve ounces::
then ftrain it, and inje& two.ounces warm into the uterus. every night going to bed,
| taking at the fame time forty drops of the Lunar Tin¢ture in a wine-glafs of cold wa-
ter. When the -parts. abound with moifture, reftringentor aromatic fumigations
may: je uted to-advantage,. as inthe cafe of the whites, and of the falling down of the
omband:-fundament. The ingredients proper in the prefent cafe, are ftorax, cloves,
ftor, ginger, Spanifh angelica root, and galangals, “Equal quantitiesof

fic: € n nt to burn at a time} according to the direétions i in the place above re- :

‘here.other things have failed, the cold bath hath been of fervice to both ~
ote efpecially in fome phlegmatic conftitutions ; 3a journey to Bath alfo, or Tun-

e = tet and — t pets: time, hath been attended with good fuccefs. -
ee ae hs “Having

powdered, and mixed together, and about an ounce of the mix- ne

AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. rit
‘Having before cautioned againft the too frequent ufe of venery, efpecially for thofe
‘who feem to beinfertile through weaknefs, it will be proper jutt to hint the moit
aufpicious feafons for performing the conjugal att to good purpofe, It has been
found, that, though a woman may conceive at any time during the three weeks that
ber courfes are entirely off, yet fhe is more apt to do fo immediately after their
-ceafing, than at. any other time between the periods of their return. ‘This hint may
be made ufe of by-weakly people, where the man and the woman are both equally
prudent and temperate, When. the lips of the privities grow together, they are
cautioufly to be feparated by incifion, and the fides kept afunder for fome time by
rags dipped im a proper ointment. And, ifthe mouth of the womb fhould happen
to be clofed, a proper peflary of cork, cafed over with wax, may be introduced te
keepitopen,, But, the affiftance of a fkilful furgeon being always neceflary in thefe
extraordinary cafes, I choofe not to infift on them any lenger. 1 fhall add only afew
words, dire€ted peculiarly to the men, who find themfelves incapable to propagate
their fpecies, though they have not any natural defect in the inftraments of genera-
tion: for, as to-ebfolute impotency and incapacity of copelation, as ic mutt be ma-
nifeft to the fight, either from the want of erection, or due proportion of the pests,
or a deficiency of the tefticles, fo it is what no man will preténdto cures on which
e wife a remedy, where there can be mone for the
huthand, by allowing her tofue out a divorce, and merry another mean. e fimple
leet, brought on by {elf-pollution, is one of the greateft caufes of infuthiciency. a
knefs, and oftentimes paininthe
and without help efually terminates in that
or-confumption of the back. Ik
Pua soning ofa clear feminal matter, which diftinguifhes it from an impure
isa conftant oozing of = pai ie aMbled ith this fhockisg, complaint, vither

from natural infirmity, : pened a |
cies, till fuch time as he is perfectly cured; for, befides that his endeavours would

‘the whole body.of phylic for this dangerexs diftemper,

dered fom copulation, bu even from foe
itfelf,, -In.both thefe cafes, as well of the Solar Tincture, with eee

32

*: ; 4 ee ra

242 CULPEPER’s ‘ENGLISH PHYSICIAN,

_ food, fuch as jellies; broths, oyfters; and all agglutinating meats, arethe moft effece
tual meansiof obtaining a:cure. : ok
There is a certain occult and fecret {pecies ap barrennefs, that cannot be attributed
to any,of the caufes before affigned,. or indeed to any vifible caufe at all. © This
happens when no. manner of defeét is difcoverable, on the fide either of the male or
female, and yet they fhall, againft their inclinations, remain without iffue. Many
_ odd conjectures haye been ftarted on this account, concerning the poffible caufes of
tterility, v when.nejther perfon appears tobe in fault.. Some fuperftitious people have
imputed it to forcery, and recourfe has been had to incantations, amulets, charms,
and magic rites; in order to the.cure. But people of underftanding give no heed to
fuch fables, being fatisfied, . that. when both parties are of fuitable years) brifk, and
not labouring under any apparent weaknefs or indifpofition, if fertility do not fols
low their nuptial intercourfe, there muft be fome real and mechanical reafon for it,
though not apparent to the fenfes, When there appears no deficiency-or defect in -
either the man or woman, and none of the before-mentioned caufes of barrennefs
- exift, we mpft then recur to the real phyfical caufe,, which is confidered. and under -
: ftood by very few. Itis what is called the temperament, conptitution, or complexion ; if ~
the: man. bé ‘of a-hot temperament, the woman, fhould be of a cold one; if he be of |
“the dry temperament, the fhould be of the moift: but, if both be of a dry or both
: of: a moift conftitution, they cannot propagate, though neither may be barren, fingly
onfidered, and, if joined with an apt conftitution, might both become fruitful.
It muft fall under every one’s obfervation, that both women and men,. who marry
more than once,. will have children by one marriage, and not by another; which.
will certainly confirm what is above afferted. And again, there are other caufes
cS anataste, much more aerate and occult, than .the foregcite, whereby men y ali
( ve ) way vbbasiaat to procreation. 3 ‘This vanke fottered in the ‘mother’s womb,
: . having i its root in the conftruction of. the zodiacal figns and planetary influence
4 er which Ssgeaneke is wares and nourifhed; is di incurable. So like.

Sun 1 be. nes oie ‘the Moon; in cche :
er at Mars and 1 Ven irradiate the fame, i in marsala figns,

: zg eeheper onl bie the women fo bern will have a
eternatural and mixed, but, if Mars and Venus be contti-
= ne m aantier if feminine figns, the men will be fubje& to a mix-—
sG cure os fex, and tes women to Be aes and violent luft. All thefe fpecula-

tions,_

“AND FAMILY DISPENSATORY. 0 >

tions; wonderful as they are. ‘anda thoufand others hough unfeen,
> . whofe effects, t

are moft fenfibly felt, are fully explained in my Illuftration and Difplay of the Oc

cult Sciences; where it is plainly fhewn, that, the more we enquire into the pathlets

ways of nature, the more readily we deduce a radical icaufe for all Sian wer

Or SYMPATHY AND ANTIPATHY,

TO smncliftiad the properties: of fympathy and antipathy is, in fact, to cides into
our.com prehenfion the univerfal fyftem of nature, with her obvious and occult pro-
perties, and the gradations and confent-of parts of allits.atoms. This ftudy bee
comes all.men; but more. efpecially thofe’ who practife phyfic, fince their effects
not. unfrequently preferve life,, or deftroy i it; and,) in the beginning, middle, and
end, of , difeafes, the refult may. be. always known. \. Sympathy andvantipathy are
found i in all things; and, if, traced, account for thofe wonderful o¢curences.in na-
ture, which otherwife appear altogether inexplicable. . All vegetable and mineral
productions have not only a. wonderful fympathetic power. with, their, own Apecies,
but fo likewife has all animated nature ; ; and more particularly man, It.is certainly
true that this celeftial. invifible principle is born with us, and emanates fromthe
centre of the intelle@ual. foul, combined with. the terreftrial body 5 ia Sa
through i its nerves, forms an atmofphere around, us, | whereby the fenfations of {
pathy and antipathy, of | love and hatred, of joy.and grief, and all thejprope ie
human nature,.. are by a collifion of rays, W which, reciprocally cohere or repel. hate
ever comes in ‘contact with them, that the effect. is made manifeft co our fenfes,
Hence it 18, that favoury high-feafoned meats, feen or {melt yexcite the appetite and
affect the glands a and parts of the mouth; that an, impudent.or: fhameful thing, feen
or heard, affects the. cheeks with, bluthes ; 3 and. fo, 00 the contrary, if athing, pleafe,
it affects the praccordia, ¢ and excites. the mutcles of the face and. mouth. to laughter 5
it affects the glands ‘of the eyes, fo as.t0. ‘occafion ‘tears, and i irritates the
€. into an. afpect of crying 5. fo. kiffing,. though the delirium or
the mot. fenfible, irritation falls, upon the genital
: parts, which 2 are rendered aati fie, and. apt, for_procreation,, as. the fum and < ae
| of all fablunary enjoyme And hence the _
ut, inclination, ‘fympathetic affe ion,
i se en t blow firuck, we cannot help j

if it grieve,
mutcles of the fac
pleafure is excited by the lips, yet

bak s

} an ftars, or, as it. i
ng alo. So: again, if eithe

S|
&

244 CULPEPER’s ENGLISH PHYSICIAN;

look upon brutes in the act of copulation, it fympathetically affeets the fame organs
in themfelves, and excites ro lafcivioufnefs and luft.

Some pérfons, we find, are fo delicately organized, as to become violently ena- -
moured-with an object at firft fight, without ever having exchanged a fingle word;
and itoften happens that there is no alternative but death or the immediate enjoyment
of the beloved perfon! This is produced by.a fympathy of fouls, united by a com-
bination of felf-reflected rays, which reciprocally cohere from the male to the fernale,
and from the female to the male, by the action of the intelleual foul on the folids
and fluids of the body ; and, as this combination or collifion of rays is formed ac-
cording to the different principles from whence it acts, and the organs of fenfe on
which it ftrikes, fo it excites a fweet vibratory delirium in the brain, which contti-
tutes that ardent affection and longing. defire for the perfon, whofe genial efuvium
had thus drawn forth or excited the paffion of love. And, it is by this alone, we can -

account for thofe perfections of beauty and merit difcoverable by one man’s fenfes,
to which another will continue for ever infenfible and blind.

— It is from a fimilar cafe that we define the longing of a pregnant woman, and
‘its effect upon the foetus; for, as like produces its like, and the child takes its
frame from the external members of its parents in the act of coition, fo there is a

fympathy and concordancy betwixt the child’s members and thofe of its mother,
therefore, whatever member the mother touches at the time her foul-is drawn forth
_4n longing after fome elementary fubitance, the fame member of thé child receives”
the impreffion, and an external mark is produced, according to the nature and qua-
lity of the thing longed for. But, this impréffion can only take-place before the em-
_ ryo has quickened; for, till then, the child is paffive, and the generative effence of

the mother aCtive, whence follows a confent of patts; but, when the light of life

is kindled in the feetus, it lives in its own Rice and j is no longer pop to this
: alfeétion, nor fo liable to abortion.

. te might here adduce ten thoufand curious inftances of the effects of f ympathy
and antipathy, as well from natural hiftory as from the Occult Sciences; but, as
thi 5 WOL akc be foreign to my purpofe, and too much enlarge the prefent publication, I
eferve avery full difcuffion of this furbjeét for a work I fhortly intend to publifh,
intituled Bes Sey to Phyfic and the Occult Sciences; in which I fhall lay down
ack rules as to prevent a poflibility of miftaking the patient’s cafe, or of failing of
a cure, if the lamp of life be not too far exhaufted; and hall alfo more Particularly
elucidate the aftrologi fcience, in order to throw new lights on fome interefting parts
of my former publications ; and alfo to illuftrate the fcience of Animal Magnetifm,

= 1s — founded on the ee of fympathy and antipathy.

CULPEPER’s

to'refift duly the
is- likewife (gooll to lear them of beginning films and

Ve

ay SA

CULPEPER’ Ss DISPENSAT

Com@arNt wig 3

= i
be OES ae ies at eS

ORY, FOR,

Nth oot

FAMILY USEs

5 ipo

A choice SELECTION of intaluable PRESCRIPTIONS fralnat dl DISEASES

‘ ic | ft f

NROMATIC oR SPICE WATER.

7 AK E \of white-canella, half a pound’; frefh outward |
pret.of lemons, four ounces ; leffer cardamum feeds, two

- .. Qumees; French brandy, iwo gallons. Let them Sleep
together for four days; * and then diftil off tao gallons.
- This is'awarm: ferViceable cordial ;"for, it “gratefully
invigorates the ‘animal fpirits, ftimulates the nerves, and
thys dufplyes s cold vifeid humours, and ‘expels flatulen-
cies. pvt is 1S an excellent ftomachic, helps digeftion, and
flops vomiting 3 and asa carminative is ufed in the rougher
cathartics. Half a wine-glafs of it is a dofe in windy and
painful complaints of, the Romach. and nancy and, to be
repeated occafionatly.

fa PLAGUE, axp FEVER WATER. |

_ Take roots of nafler-aart, a pound and a half angelica
Scds, salf a poiind; elder flowers, leaves of fordium, of
Re four ounces; French'brandy, three gallons. Steep them
Sdigather for the {pace of four days 5 and then draw, off, by
Nw liftillation, two gallons and a half. : ae

The ingredients are well chofen for the eS in-
tended ; it being ‘defigned asa high cordial in very low
and languid cafes, said tera the: fpirits in the plague |

and malignant feyers with depreffions. If a fifth part of |. es seat
diftilled vinegar be added, it is then termed < aqua epide- ::
mia acida, which is a very powerful fudorific, and refitter | #

of: emg in all air and other putrid fevers. |

BY E-W A TE R.
poeta 5 half'a pounds water, four pitts.

Boil them, until the wvitriok is difoleed 5 ease :

liguor for afi.
This i is calculated rage and repel thate tarp shevms }
“and inflammations which fometime

conftringed ‘and tieevihes ‘by fome fach callyrium, ak

fpecks,, fit thould prove,too tharp for tender er
aby diluted witha i le Apring. or rofe-wate ae
ANODYNE: BALSAM. ;

dalfany om , a pound and a
/ beid dorm elfen me ae bpd Zz

©

a
P ae.

ch oe

3R

"good iit the jatindice and fuch aiftempers

: fort, ‘attended with c on’

Be

f “This ee into, poe

; pp soa ae | ‘ giaiein
tC abso hor weak and thin, are unable ji

ie’ anafarcous fwellings.

| ten grains ; Sr: up of. Lge" sfc. guartil is en

incident to the BUMAN BODY,.

~

This i is certainly an extremely Penetra
"vent anodyne, “both for internal and exte ing sd

| a moft excellent medicine for procuring afin the xtre
_ tities of pain, and in nervous and nephritic cholies. It

cleanfes all the vifcera and parts 5 therefore
of the

paffages as proceed from the obftruction of gravel or
flimy humours. Inwardly it may be given from 20 to:

40 dreps. And outwardly, applied to.the pained part, it

does mighty fervice, a rag. being, ipped i ip ao mtpin-

ed thereon, ©

ALEXETERIAL pent Ae
Take of Virginian frcke-Yoe, Rhitx grains} of tory
ten grains; of camphor, three grains; Jyrnp o Pgar,
enough to mix and make them into a bolus...

elm 4 Bhs Pe oie
This i isa powerful alexi a
Kinds of fevers, efpecially. the wort

ever omitted, when the pale and ipirits begin to ‘flag in.

“the progrefs ‘of a putrid fey ever, final -pox, meafles, mi

liary ae ke, Iti is oe : a a
ah gtk ht ge ee 7 ‘

Sige =

ee by.

‘BOLUS or JALAP WeTH MERCUR
Take of chojce jalopy. ne fevaple;, colone

“togerh er into @ bolis.

246

This is a proper bolus in moft cafes where a brifk pur-
ative, preceded by a clyfter, is neceffgry, either to make
a revolfion after-bleeding in inflammatory fwellings and
obftructions of the parts contained in the head, neck, or
thorax ; or to make an evacuation of the inteftines and
adjacent vifcera of the abdomen. Thus may a bilious

fever be carried off, when it has lingered, and there is

little probability of its ending critically by any ether way :

as a diaphoretic and hydrogogue, it is of ufe in drop- .

fies, defluxions of the head; eyes, and edrs; as alfo in
lumoral coughs, and many obftinate chronical diftem-
pers. It deftroys worms, cures a virulent gonorrhea and
fluor albus. It is alfo good to cleanfe the bowels from
their redundant vifcid mucus, that often clogs or fhuts
up the chylopoietic fyftem, fo as to hinder the entrance
and proper effects of other medicines, In intermitting
fevers it is a fpecific.

A PECTORAL BOLUs. jf?

Take of fpermaceti, fifteen grains; of gum ammoniacum,
fen grains; of the volatile falt of hartfhorn, feven grains.
Mixs-and make them into a bolus.

This is an excellent balfamic in many diftempers.of the
breaft ; and gently deterges and heals. In coughs, pleu-
Yifies, and inward impofthumations, where the mucus of
the bowels has been abraded by acrimony and choler; as
aifo in diarrhzas and dyfenteries ; this is a very good.
healer. In ulcerations of the kidneys and bloody urine,
it is likewife a very fuitable medicine ; and, by foftening
and relaxing the fibres, ‘it contributes frequently to the
expulfion of gravel. It may be taken once or twice a-day
with fome proper emulfion, draught, or julep, according
to the indications,

_ Tx RHUBARB BOLUS witn catonmt Af

~ Take of the bef purgative rhubarb, twenty-five grains’;
ef calomel, five grains. Mix, and make them into a bolus,
‘with as much fyrup of fugar as will Suffice.

This is an admirable medicine in moft cafes where
purging is neceffary, to cleanfe the firft paflages of any

tive medicines. See the virtues of the jalap bolus, which |

this nearly y but is more aftringent, hepatic, fto-

machic, and a purger of the urine and ions,
_.. EMOLLIENT CATAPLASM. y W/)

Take of the crumb of bread, eight ounces; white foap, one
ounce; frefh cow's milk, @ Sufficient quantity. Boil them a
little, and fpread for ufe. Siete

applied to the foles of the feet in fevers, to the joints
when afflicted with the gout, and caufes fometimes the
exudation of a great quantity of ferous matter; and

CULPEPER’s DISPENSATORY,

i
SUPPURATING CATAPLASM. yA

This is made by adding to the foregoing Catapla/n, of raw
onons brutfed, one ounce and a half; bafilicon ointment, one
ounce.

This is good to draw and fuppurate all kinds of tu-
mours; and to ripen, break, and ey,

mations. oe 2/4,
APERIENT ALE.

Take of old muftard-fecd, ten ounces; long birthworte
roots, fix ounces; tops of leffer centaury, two ounces; faviny
one ounce; new fmall ale, ten gallons.

This cleanfes the womb, excites the menftrual dife
charges, and forwards delivery. It is ferviceable in hy-

| fterical diforders, and good to loofen and difcufs vifcidi«

ties; and therefore excellent in all paralytic cafes, and the

decays and defluxions attending old age. fe,

CRP UALIC ALS.

Take of wild valerian-root, ten ounces; whole muftarde
Seed, fix ounces ; Virginian fnake-root, two ounces; rofemaryy:
or fage, three ounces; new [mall ale, ten gallons.

This is good againtt epilepfies, apoplexies, palfies, and
all difeafes of that kind, and vertigoes from uterine ob-
ftructions; it is alfo of ufe in almoft all nervous com-
plaints; efpecially fuch as arife from two great moifture

and cold. Ype,
STRENGTHENING CONFECTION. VW,

_ Take of bole ammoniac prepared, three ounces; tormentif
roots, nutmegs, olibanum, of each two ounces; opium, one.
drachm and a half; Jyrup of dry rofes, thrice the weight of
the powders. Mix them according to art.

This alexipharmic, anodyne, and aftringent vulnerary,
is recommended in immoderate evacuations of the abdo-
men. A drachm or two of it, at a dofe, along with the
chalk julep,- will give an effe&tual check to the diforder,
It is fucgefsfully preferibed for diarrheeas in the meafles,
fmall-pox, or fevers; as alfo for relaxations, hemor-
rhages, and hurts in the time of pregnancy; and likewife
for the fluor albus, and feminal weaknefs.

Take of the roots of comfry, eryngo, each half an ounces
conferve of rofes, two ounces; water, three pints. Boil thefe
ingredients together, tilt there remains @ quart of liquor after
Srraining ; 00 which add of fweet (pirit of vitrial, forty
drops.

This is grateful and ftrengthening ; it reftrains the fa-
line particles of the blood, and hinders it from rufhing
tdg through the lungs; therefore it takes
place in newly begun confumptions, hectic fevers, night
fweats, &c. where the colliquation of the humouis

caufes a wafting of the mufcular parts,
: ape a COM.

ANTIHECTIC DECOCTION. WY),

FOR PAMInY OOF | 247

COMMON DECOCTION. VA and coughs from-tickling defluxions; it repairs and heals

Take of mallow leaves, comomile flowers, cack one ounce; | ward exulcerations and bloody difcharges, efpecially of
water, two quarts. Beil till one quart of the liquor is wafted ; the kidneys, bladder, and uterus. In feminal

then firain out the remaining decoction for ufe. old glBers in both fexes, there can be nothing better con.

trived. The quantity of a nutmeg may be taken two or

@ . %. This is emollient and carminative, therefore accounted inde th a ak Wh
three times in a day, with a draught of the antihectic

‘a good anodyne, and excellent againft gripes, nephritic

‘pains, ftranguaries, and heat of urine; as alfo for cramps, = L
Se {pafms. tis likewife ufed for lotions and CEPHALIC ELECTUARY. y tie
yiters, : Take of wild valerian-root, mifletoe of the oak, cach one

“4° Tue DIURETIC DECOCTIONSY s Hrup of fugar, a fufficient quantity. Mix them into
~~ Take of she roots of parfley, or thofe of fennel, mnie ya detvipts :
feeds of wild carrot, three drachms ; pellitory of the wall, | This is calculated for diforders of the head, and is in
half an ounce; raifins of the funy two ounces; water, three | 8° efteem for epilepfies and inveterate head-achs. It is
pints. Boil them together, till there remains a quart of liquor frequently prefcribed in apoplexies, vertigoes, and con-
after firaining ; to which add of nitre, one drachm. vulfions from uterine obftructions.
“This abfterges much lime and vifcid adhefions from the ELECTUARY acarnst THe PILES, Yi TT,
ftomach and bowels; cleanfes the vifcera, particularly Take of lenitive two ounces ivum, |
: eleétuary + fulpher © |
the kidneys; keeps the juices cool and fluid; and greatly Pine Lio Make theresf on tlelluary.
atthe eae. a pre ists
eeu. by atin, <feeely seer ae The quantity of a nutmeg is to be taken of this every
iy ing and night; it will keep the belly moderately lax, |
VULNERARY DECOCTION and greatly eafe the piles. YE. :
Take of the herb ground-ivy, leaves of plantain, each half LENITIVE ELECTUARY. jis q

~ ‘@n.ounce; water, three pints. Boil them till there remains a ‘ake three ounces 0) polypody-roots, and three quarts © 4
quart of liquor after firaining ; to which add, of white fugar, ft Boil till two nth are wafted; adding, towards iz "
{eee e, end of the collion, two ounces of fena, and half an ounce of .

This is cooling, abfterfive, and vulnerary; and pre- | coriander feeds. Strain out the liquor, add ta it four pounds 3a

fcribed as an aftringent in diftempers of the lungs, chiefly | of white fugar, and boil to the confiftence of a thick /yrups
*. for fuch confumptions as proceed from fharp thin humours, | with which mix a pound of the pulp of French prunes; half
*weakheffes, and fpitting of blood. 4 a pound of the pulp of Caffia, and the fame quantity of tama~

ANTIDYSENTERIC ELECTUARY. ‘”G rinds. Make the whole into an eleéluary.

fs: . This cools and very gently, and is convenient
Take of the firengthening confettion, one ounce , bolfanbof agree nts tehekan te ade
Lucatellus, (diffolved in the yolk of an egg,) half an ounce. j Re oh coftivenefs, than to be exhibited as a regular ca

formed for correfponding with fuch purpofes. The con-
féétion has its fhare in accomplifhing a cure, partly from woe
- its aftringency, partly from its opiate quality, by render- | of vitriol, three drachms; fyrup of Jugar, a fufficient _
ing the velfels infenfible of the pungency of the morbific | tity. Make them into an eletluary. ae
particles; while the virtues of the balfam agglutinate, heal, | J, robuit conftitutions this is prefcribed for ftubbo
and ftop up the mouths of the veffels, and heath the acri- | agues; and alfo for fluxes and hemorrhages. ‘It pro-

amonious humours which abrade the parts. ~ motes difcharges by urine, deftroys worms, brings then

cee av MY) wos, sok tegen the Fares tt i tin Bei
BALSAMIC ELECTUARY. Se aoe ot fo proper. The colcoibar here prevents

; . Take of conferve of rofesy two ounces ; balfam of Lucatellus, the bark from going off by ftool, which it is fo mp i - |
- (diffatved in the yolk of an egg,) one ounce. Mix, and make to do; and opium likewife will have the fame effect. / ee
them into an elettuary. SLECTUAES Aan : > FLUXES. tA :

Mix them together. rtic. It is alfo intended to cleanfe the liver and other ea:
‘This is an excellent internal vulnerary in an obftinate | Ji Cera, ; 4

# i i and 7 4
bloody-flux, to preveni-abortion, &c. very aptly phe is G ELECTUARY of BARK.Z “La

Take ‘of Perusian bark, one ounce and a half; colcothar

7
3

This is a noble medicine, eafy to take, and ought to. be eel 7
. =i es eae . Ounces § extrad ;
repeated on the urgency of fuch coughs as give fufpicion Take of the frrengthening vols, 0 fufici quan |
of tubercles, ulcerations, and decays of the lungs. It | of dogwood, one ounce; fyrup of oy. efficient
tity. Make them intoan eltfuary. This

diffolves tough phlegm in the bronchia, cures catarrhs

‘248 CULPEPER’s DISPENSATORY,

_ This is an aftringent, and good to fortify the ftomach rofly, excite pain therein, and spline the head, cae
and bowels when weakened bya diarrhoea; and is much | taplafms compofed of equal parts of fcraped horfe-radith,
efteemed of late for its virtues in curing a dyfenter | and powdered muftard-feed, moiftened with old yeatt,
w pel will anfwer the defign expeditioufly, ftrongly, and ef.

ARM PLAISTER. feEtually.

"Take of gum-plaifier, one ounce ; bliftering-plaifer, two Wh
drams. Melt them together over a gentle fire. MERCU RI IAL PLAIS TER. Vs
*The chief intention of this is to raife blifters, and to Gum plaifier is fubfituted here for diachylon, ;
- creaté a ftimulus in a languor or ftupor of the nervous This admirably warms, foftens, and difcuffes all indu-
fyftem 5: to diffolve a vifcofity or fi zinefs of the juices, | rations and hardened tumours, be a Pes {crophu-
_and hinder their tendency to a coagulation ; or to caulé a | dias. or venereal.
derivation and difcharge of fome morbific humour, and : STOMAGH. PLAISTER. . HY

prevent its returning into the blood ; therefore it is ef-
teemed ufeful in fome inflammatory fevers, dropfies, and Take of yellow wax, eight ounces; tacamakaca in powder,

certain. ftages of the chryftalline or watery fmall-pox ; . bate Otte tisk J AMONG. Hake them together, and add of
efpecially if the puttules fubfide, and the extremely vilcid | Pe Powders tape. ounces 5 enprefelt eh gfrmmatt, anc ounce
~ » Spmatter of the difeafe can neither be brought to fuppu- |. and & gS MMin,.9k make. tha ne —- lexfer, evhich 55
"- rate nor be carried off by Giureti¢s. It remarkably af. | [4¢ mouhened, when frei {pread, with fome drops of dif-
fects the Kidneys and bladder, and provokes urine, not teed ott of mnt.
by an eafy natural ejeétment, but-rather by an erytifmus | . This isintended as a warm, carminative, and cordial,
from its acrid falts that caufe a ftranguary, which fhould | application tothe ftomach, and exerts very confiderable
be guarded againft by broths and emulfions. It is good | effects when fuch things are wanted ; therefore it is ufe-
againit amortification, and reckoned an efficacious Cleanfer | -fiMin flatulencies, gripes, and all complaints arifing from
‘and fcourer of the urinary paflages and uterus, when ob- indigeftions; and a cold weak ftomach cannot well fail
‘* “ftrufted with flough and Vifcidities. But its ufe requires | finding relief from its ufe, | : ;
‘the higheft caution and prudence, ‘hence.it is not every : W, 96,
one who muft think himfelf qualified to meddle, without FE MMON EMULSION:
‘diftinGion, with remedies, which are fure to.do:good or | Take of fweet almonds, one ounce; water, one quartome

Make them into an emulfion; to which add of white _fugar,
hurt, | according as are adminiftered. | . ; .
they F 29s two drachms. If three drachms of gum arabic be previoufly

COMMON PLAISTER.

Se boiled in the water, the preparation is called ,B
pie gene of litharge prepared, three pounds; oil FPR , ARABIC EMULSION, Ut ey,

; fix pounds. Boil them up to a due confiftence. _ Either of thefe are fingularly ufeful in many emergen-
This is to. fupply the place of the diachylon plaifter of a particularly in acute diftempers, and the gravel. In
former difpenfatories and is efteemed moreemollient, mu- heat-of urine and ftranguaries, either from acrimonious
‘turant ae olen ‘t will alfo incarnate and ci ec. | vor the falts of epifpaftics, they give immediate
eafe; and ought to be drunk while freth, half a pint at
| a*time, and pretty often. There are other forts of emul-
fions, which are calculated for’ Somers coelers, and

lake oh scl aes, Bhp agora : = ae | Vey
= pee ANODYNE CLYSTER.

olibanum.

: Six ounces of bole ammoniac prepared,
“two ounces of ’ pes f in powder, and es ounces of | Take of the infufion of linfeed, fix.ounces ; liquid lauda-
Venice turpentine. num, forty drops. Mix them together. .

- : This is employed eciias Biber: toftrengthen | This:is excellent to affuage pains in lyenteries, andi in-

a s and w s of the loins and joints; and is | flammations of the uterus and bladder, by reafon of a
be es ferviceable for ruptures and chilblains. *prokjmity and confent of parts.. :
“BLISTERING PLAISTER. - ANTICHOLIC CLYSTER. Yay
“Take of Burgundy pitch, twenty ounces ; Venice turpen- Taake.of the common decottion, half a pint ; tinlura facra,
3 Ps cantharides in powder, each fix ounces. | one ounce; common fait, one drachm ; sa eeees oil, two ounces.

"This isa powerful epifpattic, and is applied either to | Méx the whole together.

the head, between the thoulders, or to the foles.of the | ‘This falls in with:the view of onhigilagthe bowels.of

feet. Seeitsufe in the warm plaifter. .But when. _ap- | their coftive.contents, and confequently procures: an im-

<< {suse eaten with an intent todimulate | mediate: relief on -many-eccafions, chiedy in flatulencies,
po gripes,

* ; : °

Bripes, and bilious cholics. The addition of the falt, by
_ mild gentle ftimulus infures its effects. It likewife de-
firoys worms, particularly the afcarides, if aflifted with
a few grains of calomel by the mouth,

Tue PURGING CLYSTER.

"Take of the. common decoétion, half a pint; white foap,

% Pegs ce; /yrup of buckthorn,-an ounce and.a half. Mix
them ‘according to art.

This is penetrating, deterfive, and capable of diffolv-
ing indurations and grumous vifcidities of the inteftinal
tube, efpecially in the jaundice, and by ridding the bow-
els of their concreted contents may prevent an inlamma-
tion. It is ufeful in diforders of the head, and may caufe
a revulfion in the feculent vomitings.

a

EXPRESSION or MILLEPEDES

» Lake of live millepedes, {commonly called wood-lice, ) three

s ounggs 3 finple fennel-water, one pint ; compound horfe-radifh
‘water, half a pint. Bruife the millepedes, gradually adding

to them the diftilled waters; and afterwards prefs out the
liquor. bee.
This is an excellent diuretic, fweetener and cleanfer

of the blood, and a mott efficacidus medicine in all chro-
nic cafes, that are to be relieved by promoting the urinary
-difcharges, as are many inveterate ulcers, ftrumas, and
Acrophulous diforders, and fuch as frequently are the

: fore-runners of fcorbutic dropfies, from a retention of
.‘Sfuch humours as obftruét the vifcera, and fill the whole
habit with water and vilcidities. Hence it is of fingular
éfficacy in the ftone, jaundice, nephritic pains, dyfury,
cholic, and afthma.

AROMATIC FOMENTATION.
Take of cloves, mace, each one drackm; red wine, one
pint. Boil them a little, and then ftrain out the liquor.
” ‘This, applied warm to the abdomen, will be found of
admirable fervice in cholics, and for relaxed weak fto-
machs that are fubje&t to diftenfion from flatulency.» It
may be ufed to the head with fuccefs in any diforders from
too much moifture and pituitous defluxions.

- STRENGTHENING FOMENTATION,
Take of oak-bark, one ounce; pomegranate peel, half si
ounce ; forge water, three pints. Boil them till there rematns
a@ quart of the ftrained liquor ; to which add of roch allum,

- two drachms..
This is proper for

“hemorrhoidal, or from any other part. It is alfo good |

Pee hs sty
to foment fprains, fraCtures, or paralytic aue and will
“help to check immoderate vomitings. = © |
os < Tut COMMON GARGLE. Ui
ma Take of water, fix ounces ; mitre, one drachm ; honey 4
_ rofes, one ounce. Mix them together. To this gargarifm

FOR FAMILY USE,

Ve,

Us,

GK

||. This is effectual againtt rophulas, the king’s-evil, andl

y
hemorrhages, whether uterine, |

j

249
This is proper to cleanfe and fcour the mouth and
throat from flough, and the phlegmatic matter which
ftuffs and tumifies the glands. It is alfo good to cool
pg tere the mouth when fore, parched, and dry with

ever.
- EMOLLIENT GARGEE. fli/

Take of marfh-mallow Toots, two ounces; figs, in number
Sour; water, three pints, Boil till there memains one quart
of liquor, which flrain out for ufe. é ;

This is excellent to affuage pain and inflammation in
the throat or mouth, to maturate any ulcer therein, and
to mollify the bliftered tongue and fauces in a falivation.
The learned and accurate Sir John Pringle obferves, that
in The inflammatory quinfey, or ftrangulation of the fau-
‘cés, Iittle benefit arifes from the common gargles; that
fuch as are of an acid nature do more harm than good,
by contraéting the emunétories of the faliva and mucus,
and thickening thofe humours; that a decoction of figs
- in milk and water has a contrary effect, efpecially if fome
fal-ammoniac be added; by which the faliva is made
thinner, and the glands brought to fecrete more freely ;
a circumftance always conducive to the cure.

SALINE DRAUGHT.
| Fake falt of wormwood, one feruple; lemon juice, hal f
@h ounce; white Sugar, one drachm, , Mix them together.

- This is an effe&tual remedy to ftop vomitings, and is
of fingular ufe in fevers, efpecially thofe of the inter-
mittent kind, when the bark often fails. It caufes gen-
i breathing {weats, and may be repeated every five or

fix

‘hours occafionally. Wf WY, 9

- ANTISCORBUTIC INFUSION.
Take of water-trefoil, two ounces; oranges, half an
ounce ; boiling water, twe quarts. Let them flandin in~
fifion for a night in a clofe veffel; afterwards ftrain the —
‘liquor, and then add to it of compound horfe-radifh water, —
half a pint. * a eer "4 d “ie

J

.

obftinate fcorbutic difeafes. In the rheumatic,
fical, and cacheGtic, habits it will be of good ferviee.
likewife gives due warmth to the nerves, which,
ralytic cafes they are deftitute of. It may e |
difcretion, and the ufe of it continued accor
exigency of the diforder.

INFUSION or LINS!
= Take of linfeed, two Spoonfiuls 5 ruc
an ounce; boiling water, three pin _ p abeeres
fife by the fire for [ome hours, and fr ff wba sa
3 If'ah ounce of the leaves of colt’s-foot be added to
* thefe ingredients, it will

ein
a

*
gees

at

re famavimes addedy of feet fpirit of citril ffieen drop |,

250
be taken with advantage as ordinary drink in difficulty of }
making water; and in coughs and other complaints of }
the breaft.

BALSAMIC INJECTION. /

edi Take of balfam copaiba, half an ounce, the yolk of one
egg. Work them well together, and gradually add of time-
water, fix ounces; honey of rofes, two ounces. Mix the
whole well together.

This is excellent for the confolidation of wounds, and
to cleanfe and heal ulcerations, gleets, and feminal weak-_
neffes, if ufed two or three times a-day ; and for cor-
roborating the nervous parts, which have been relaxed

by the difeafe.
* : :
“Sn Tes: MERCURIAL nero

Take of quick-filver, balfam copatba, each half an ounce.
Beat and work them together, till the quich-filver is extin-
guifhed y then put to the mafs the yolk. of one egg. Mix the
whole very well. cael gradualty adding of rofe-water,
’ half a pint. :

This is calculated for gonorrhoeas, and venereal ulcers
in the urethra, vagina, and uterus; the quickfilver de-
-_. ftroys the virulency, while the balfam heals and fheaths

a ar excoriated aie from the acrimony of the fe

“Tus CORDIAL JULEP. Wy

Take of alexeterial water, four ounces ; aromatic water,

* “two ounces; faline aromatic fpirit, tintture of Saffron, each

_ < two drachms; white fugar, half an ounce. Mex, and make
‘them into a jakep.

_ This is a high cordial, and will bring on an effectual

_ moifture ; confequently remove all wearinefs, heat, and

~ OR of the parts; therefore it is of great fervice in

preffed ftate of fevers, fatigue from exceffes, and

of fpirits. A few fpoonfuls, drank every three

will, by its enlivening quality, commu-

SS
}

CULPEPER’s DI

« nicate | agreeable fenfation. It is likewife very aptly
od wit powders and bolufes. Seo

water, four ounces ; fpirit of minde- +
ey ile falt of hart/horn, ten grains ;
—— Lrup pe one ounce, Mix them together.

a In flow malignant fevers with . cold clammy {weats, pale
vifage, a low intermitting pulfe, and, where great reft-
leffnefs prevails, this julep.will be fingularly beneficial.
< A tea-cupful may be given and ‘repeated every four or
' five hours, till fome Crifis r we: the diftem-

oe antes : We

DIURETIC JULEP.

Bi eh JULE MY a

“ak + af Sit of minders, Sour ounces s compound hor fe- ‘

SPENSATORY,

ounces. Mix, and make a julep; to which may be added
otcafonally, of {pirit of amber, one drachm.

Std / po This is ttrongly diuretic ; hence a good remedy againft
a {ypprettion of urine from any caufe, the gravel and

“nephritic pains. It will alfo promoteand affiftanurinary +
crifis; and may be repeated as the sintssads of the fymp-

tons indicates. Yt ff

THE FETID JULEP.

Take of rue water, fix ounces; affa-fetida, one drachm
and anhalf. Diffolve the affa-fetida in the water, and add
to the Jolution, of antihyfleric water, two ounces; diftilled
oil of hartfhorn, twenty drops, received upon ten drachms of
whe fugar. Mix the whole well together.

This is ordered-in hyfteric affections, and a defective

- ftate of the menfes, and fometimes in hypochondriacal

cafes. A tea-cupful may be taken three or four timesa-day.

Tue SALINE JULEP. Uff

Take of mint water, fyrup of lemons, each two ounces;
[alt of wormwood, one drackm. Mahe them into a julep.

This is an admirable remedy in yomitings and hiccups.
It has a mild and innocent virtue, though powerfully at~
tenuating and refolving, diuretic and fudorific : hence it
is excellent in rheumatifms, fevers, and all diforders
from a fizinefs of the blood. Two or three {poonfuls
are given = five or fix hours.

-Tue ANODYNE LINIMENT.

Take of nerve ointment, three ounces; balfam of turpen-
tine, one ounce. Mix them together.

This is a warm invigorating topic, and may be ufed
with good effect, to excite the nerves to action when too
languid. It is applied to paralyticand numbed limbs, to

_ reftore a due fenfe and feeling; and, by its penetrating

quality it is of good ufe in a fciatica and the gout. Vi
“Ad

a PECTORAL LOHOCH.
Take of fperma-ceti, white foap, eack two drachms ;
whites of eggs, a fufficient quantity. Mix them thoroughly
ether, and then add, of frefh-drawn linfeed oil, one ounce
and an half; fyrup of marfi-mallows, three ounces, Mix
the whole. well together.

This contains very. great emollient and balfamic. vir-
tues; and, by the inciting and detergent property of the
foap, becomes.a powerful deobftruent in infarftions of
the breaft ; hence it is recommended in a difficulty of re-
fpiration, either from a dry hufky cough, or a tough
thick phiegm ; and likewife in impofthumations and ty-

- Bercles of the Jungs.
7 Of

ALOETIC Pirys.
Tiske- /ucbierihe aloes, white foap, of each equal parts;

fe sice as much as is fuficient, Make them inta.a ma/s.
a

ew

*

a
we,
.

“twice a-day, as.an-alterant three) aud for worms two.

un
The foap here is added purely to promote the diffol-
tion of the aloes in the ftomach ; for, pills made up of
raifins, and fubffances not eafily diffoluble, frequently
pafs through the body entire: hence by the -purgative
quality of the aloes, and detergent property of the foap,
the glaires and vifcidities of the inteftines are diffolved
and carried off; therefore the pills are ftomachic, anti-

febrile, and excellent in nephritic and cholic pains.—

Moreover the aloes, being hepatic, forwards the dif-

._ charge of the bile, whilft by the concomitancy of the
, foap it breaks the obftruétions of the liver, blends and -

affimilates the humours. Hence it appears how advan-
tageous and effential itis to adapt and combine medicines
judicioufly. 4
PURGING ccunace ee ;

Take fuccotrine aloes, extratt of black hellebore, ftam-
mony, of cack two ounces; vitriolated tartar, three drachms ;
diftilled otl of juniper, a drachm and a half; fyrup of
buckthorn, as muck as is fuffictent to make the whole into a majs.

-» ‘Thefe are an excellent hydragogue, particularly in ca-

cheétic and fcorbutic habits as abound with dropfical hu-
mours. Three or four of thefe may be taken once a-day,
or every other day, and continued according to the exi-
gency of the complaint.

MERCURIAL PILL.

Take of purified quickfiluer and honey, each half. an ounce.
Rub them together in a mortar, till the globules of mercury
are perfeélly extinguifhed; then add, of Caftile foap, two
drachms, powdered liquorice, or crumb of bread, a fufficrent
guantily to give the mafs a proper confiftence for pills.

When ftronger mercurial pills are wanted, the quan-
tity of quickfilver may be doubled. The dofe of thei
pills is different, according to the intention with which
they are given. -As an alterant, two or three may be

taken daily. To raife a falivation four or five will be ne-

ceffary. Equal parts. of the above pill and powdered
rhubarb made into a mafs, with a fufficient quantity of
fimple fyrup, will make a mercurial purging pill.

MERCURIAL SUBLIMATE PILL.

| Diffalve Jifiecn grains of the corrofive Jfublimate of e/

cury in two drachms of the faturated falution of crude fal
ammoniac, and make it into-a pafie, ina glafs mortar, weth

a. fufficient quantity of the crumb of bread. This mafs muft |

be formed into one hundred and twenty pills. —
_ This pill, which is the moft agreeable form of exhibit.

jng the fublimate, has been found efficacious, not only in

curing the venereal difeafe,. but alfo in killing and expel-
ling worms, after other powerful medicines had failed.
For the venereal difeafe, four of thefe pills may be taken

FOR FAMILY USE.

jhe

| rain out the fpirit for wf

| wounds, ulcers, and weakneffes of the kidneys and uterus.
|&. LITHONTRIPTIC POTION. fi

26f
PACIFIC PILES, he $f

Tage ~Galbanum, myrrh, white foap, of cack two
Ounces $ opeum, one ounce fyrup of fugar, as much as is
Sufficient to make the whole into a ma/s fit for pills.

Thefe are admirable in afuaging hypochondriacal and
hyfteric complaints, nephritic and uterine pains, caufed ”
either from obftructions, or ulcers in the kidneys or

Toe PECTORAL PILLS, Vid
, Poe of gum ammoniacum, an ounce and a half; myrrh
ne ounce; balfam of fulphur terebinthinated, one drackm ;
prup of marfh-mallows, as much as will make the whele -
into a mafs.. .

Thefe are healing and balfamic in a hamopthifis, ine

farétions, and ulcers of the lungs. : ,

STOMACHIC PILLS.

Take of fuccotrine aloes, an ounce and a half; gum am-
moniac, myrrh, cack half an ounce ; vitriolated tartar, two
drachms; diftilled oil of mint, half a drackm; fyrup of

en a fufficient quantity. | Mix according to art.

Thefe by their cathartic, bitter, attenuating, and aro~
matic qualities, incide and purge away floughy humours, -
which foul the coats of the ftomach ; alfo warm and for-

tify the fibres, whereby the gaftric juice and digeftion are
‘promoted. They are moft convenient in an advanced
age, and full cachectic habits, which abound with cold
vifcid humours. They may be taken five or fix at a dole.

Tut BALSAMIC POTION.

Take of balfam copaiba, three drackms; diflitied cil of
sniper, thirty drops; the white of an egg. Work them
well together, and mix in, of fennel water, compound horfe~
radifk water, cack three ounces; fyrup of marfi-mallows,
two ounces. — =

‘This is vulnerary and diuretic ; hence chiefly of ufe in

bl

" Fake of white foap (the outward part being pared off} ; te
one ounce, warm lime-water, one quart. Stir them togethep
til the fap is prfey dif |
This by its penetrating and alkaline virtues is intent
for the gravel and ftone, which it diffolves and f rn
; by affimilating the humours, and by abforbing
dities. which form calculous concretions. —

COMPOUND SPIRIT or LAVE

ward part of lemon-peel, ee Shares
wine, a gallon and a half. WDiftil in balnco maria to drys
“nef. In the diftilled Spirtt fiecps

cubebs, and fhavings of red fi

*

252

VULSION FITS..

«Take flowers of zinc, mufk, and factitious cinnabar, of
each equal parts; mix them together in a glafs or marble
mortar. The dofe is from three §rains to ten-and upwards,

maxed in a little treacle or honey, every night and morning.

. The ufe of this powder, with dipping children in a.
tub of {pring water every morning’, has very often reliev-

'_ ed them, when every other remedy has proved wo
. a2" tho

PURGING POWDERS ror WORMS.
~ Take of fcammony, calomel, and the beft Turkey rhubarb,

in powder, of each £qual parts; double-refined fugar, the,
weight of the whole; rub it all very well together in a mar-.

-. ble mortar, and heep Sor ufe.
*. “Dhe dofe for children is from ten grains to twenty-five,
ence or twice every week. This is

preferable to any
quack medicine whatever.

“A UNIVERSAL POWDER ror CHILDREN
en DISORDERS. °
Lake of white magnefia, fix drachms; cinnabar of anti-
Mony, two fcruples; mix them into a fine powder for ufe.
_ > ‘This powder will not oaly prevent the numerous dif-
orders children are liable to,. but will'alfo femove many,

‘rable to all other remedies yet-known, for children
~ Gn cutting their teeth, ficknefs at their ftomachs, &c. &c,
_* The dofe is from ten grains to half a drachm more or

a - lef twice a-day. : s
: j

= Take borax in fine potuder, caftor, cinnamon and myrrh,
of each three drachms 3 /affron and favin, of each one drachm
and a half 5. mix them and make a powder for ufe.

d | drachm of this powder facilitates the birth, and pro-
2 lochia and menfes.__

.

4

POWDER TO PROMOTE DELIVERY.

samous SYMPATHETIC Siciast

ree vitriol eight ounces, of gum tragacanth,
able powder, one ounce / mix thefe toge-
tity of the powder be fprinkled on

e above powder, is ufed by the miners at Goffelaer
ermany, in all their wounds; and, I believe, was
hever known to fail.” Thisipowder, Monf. Lemery and
Sir Kenelm Digby tell us, has alfo the following won-

rful property, that if it be fpread on a cloth dipt in
‘ood of a wound fo as to incorporate with the blood,

would be cured, “though the patient were
‘and never faw the medicine. From this res

| CULPEPER’s DISPENSATORY,
POWDER rox EPILEPTIC any Con.

‘and all that arife from acidities in the ftomach:—This is

ately flops the bleeding. The vi- ~~
| whitene{s in the fun, before it be |

&

POWDER For a SORE THROAT. Vb Wf

Take one ounce and a half of purified fal ammoniac, and
half an ounce of purified nitre, mix them very well together
ina mortar for ufe.

About fix or eight grains of this powder is to be fre-
quently held in the mouth, and to be gently fwallowed
down the throat. This very often anfwers better than
gargles. If necefflary, lofe a little blood and take a brifk
purge before you ufe the powder.

For VOMITINGS, BILIOUS DISORDERS, &e. 40 %
Take mint water, fyrup of lemons, of each four ounces ; 4
Salt of wormwood, two’ drachms.. Mix them well together
TEU
- In vomitings, hiccups, rheumatifms, fevers, and all
diforders from a. fizinefs in the blood, no preparation +

can be more innocent nor more efficacious. Iwo or

three table {poonfuls“are to be taken every four or five
hours. 3

Ny

~

COLDS, M7

Take of compound tefaceous powder, one ounce; gum ara-
bic in powder, half an ounce; water, two quarts, boil tt till
one pint of the water is wafled : then add to the turbid: des
cottion of aromatic water, one ounce and a half'y white ugar,
half. an ounce, and mix the whole well together for ufe,

This compofition will be found immediately ufeful in

deftroying tharp corrofive matter in the ftomach, and ab-

forbing all acidities in the firft paflages. Half a pint of

y it in fevers, colds, or the like diforders, may be taken
ht

DECOCTION ror CATARRHS,

hree or four times every day, blood warm. —

SWEATING DRAUGHT, ror recent COLDS.
Take of the Spirit mindereus, four ounces ; Syrup of pop-

pies, and fimple cinnamon water, of each one ounce; vola-
tile falt of hartfhorn, half a feruple. Mix them together
or two draughts, and take one of them when going into bed,
and the remainder the fecond evening after.

In rheumatifms, pains in the head, and other parts,
the above fweating draught will be found to anfwer every

= FoR AN INVETERATE COLD or COUGH.

se Take a large tea-cup full of linfeed, two-penny worth of
Stick liquorice, and a quarter of a pound of fun raifins.—
Put thefe into two quarts of foft water, and let it fimmer
over a flow frre till it ts reduced to one; then add to it a
quarter of a pound of brown fugar-candy pounded, a table
Spoonful of old rum, and a table Spoonful. of the beft white-
wine vinegar or lemon juice. The rum and vinegar are beft
to be added only to that quantity you are going immediately

| to take ; Sor if it ts put into the whole it is apt in a little

time to grow flat. Drink half a pint at going to bed, and

fympathetic property it derived its name,

= take a little when the cough is troublefome.

This

feed, and half an ounce of turmeric, in

FOR FAM

This receipt generally cures the worft of colds in twoor
three days, and if taken in time may be faid to be almott

. an infallible remedy. It is a moft fovéreign and balfamic
cordial for the lungs, without the opening qualities which

endanger freth colds by going out. It has been known to
cure colds that have been almoft fettled in confumptions,

_ jn lefs than three weeks.

For a PUTRID SORE THROAT

Take of the beft Peruvian bark, in grofs powder, “one
gunce and an half; Virginian Snake root, three drachms ;
boil them together in three quarts of water to one quart; then
Strain the liquor, and add two drachms of elixir of vitriol,
take a large tea-cupful of it every third hour. To every
dofe you may add a finall quantity of brandy if you chufe it.

The fteam of the following ingredients received into
the throat through a funnel every hour will do a deal of
fervice. 2

Take vinegar, one pint; honey, Half a pound; myrrh,
in powder, half an ounce; Boil them well together, and it
as fit for ufe.

Blitters applied to the throat, and behind the ears, aré
equally as beneficial in this difeafe, in cafe the pulfe and
fpirits are very low. If a vomiting continues, take four
table fpoonfuls of lemon juice, and put to it one drachm of
falt of tartar; white fugar, half an ounce; mint water, «
three ounces : mix them very well together. The dofe is a
table {poonful every hour.—This is the famous faline julep
fo much approved of by the faculty, as an antidote againft
vomiting and ficknefs of the ftomach. After the difor-
der is fubdued, the patient fhouldtake a few purges of
xhubarb, fenna, or the like. But on the contrary, whilft
the putrid: ulcers remain in the throat, and a violent
Joofenefs fhould come-on, it mult be checked, by taking
twotea-fpoonfuls of diafcordium, two or three times a-day.

ALE ror tHe INWARD PILES. Vas

‘Take half an ounce of black pitch, and boil it in @ pint

of good ale, till it comes to half @ pint, then, drink it off

blood warm.

This, though a fimple remedy, has proved very ef.

fetual in many ftubborn- cafes, where other things of
much greater expence has proved abortive. ~

ALE For TBE hence? ,

Take one quart of ale, end add ta at two ounces of.

quer the fire about @ quarter of am hour,
This may be fweetened with coarfe fugar- aeits: plat
of it at adofe; to be taken every mornmg- fy
VOMITING DRAUGHT./ 7 |
Take of ipecacuanha, in fine powder, tewenty five ains 5
elexiterial water, half an ounce; compound Jpirit of laven-
“s 3

ae

Z

| vor tuz ASTHMA, axo SHORT!

then fain it | 2 :

ILY USE, 253
der, half a drackm; fyrup of orang?-peel, o drackm :

mix them for ufe.
2 4
DRAUGHT ror tae DROPSY. he |

Take of peppermint water, one ounce; foaple cinnamon

water, half an ounce; Jpirituous cinnamon water, tee

drachms ; thebatic tindture, forty drops ; lye of tartar, helf

a drachm; /yrup of marfh-maliows, ome drachm: mix them

together for a draught.
This is the medicine which cured a perfon labouring

under an afcites and tympany at the fame time, where

the pain was very fevere, attended with great thirft, and

thick, high coloured, urine, rendered in fmal! quanti.

ties, The ftrong purges increafed thediftemper. Soap,

lixivial falts, balfam of gilead, nitre, and the like, all

proved abortive. This draught brought unexpected re-

lief, by procuring reft, and caufing a copious difcharge

of water, By repeating the medicine for fome time,

every eight hours, and then only twice a-day, and after

ufing corroborants, or medicines that produce ftrength. i

of body, &c. the cure was perfectly completed. Vis }
; For CONSUMPTIONS. A’. Vs :

Take leaves of comfrey the greater, Solomon's feal, and
pimpernel each four handfuls, liquorice root two ounces; ine.
file them cold for taelve days. in two gallons of line watery,
andstake off the clear liquor for ufee
* ‘This is very eafily made, and is much better than if
it were to be diftilled, It is of excellent ule in ch .
fumptions as proceed from. a tharp thin blood ; efpecially
in thofe who have been injured by a certain bad difeate, ,
or have any hereditary remains of {crophulous or leprous .
humours. It mut be drank for about forty days toge~.
‘ther, to the quantity of a quart or two every day, ee
the ftomach can bear fo much. It will allo ri ait

utmoft fervice to wafh foul ulcers with.
DECOCTION For INWARD DECAY. é
Take ground-izy, frabious, and coits-foot, cack two hands.
fulss byffop, one handful; elecampane root, one ounce 5 li-
guortce, four ounces; agrimony, four handfals : boil theme:
together in nine quarts of barley water wll shcy come to aboubt
ag Silos then frain it for ufe. a.
\ ‘This peétoral can be depended on in coughs.and
tions of the lungs. |

: or BREATH.
Take of the milk of gum ammonia, fix ounces
|: “This. promotes expector

and relieves thole who ace th
juitly efteemed for its feryie

fal pee “A fpoonfal is to be taken four or.
| five times every day, and in particulas every morning.
ie er 8 TS

st as CULPEPER’s DISPENSATORY. =

INJECTIONS. FOR ULCERS: IN VAGINA | fpivit of wine, five quarts and-a pint ; let them fand to df=
. a AND WOMB. po 4 Sef twelve or fourteen days, then decant for ufe.

ro.. : My
Se Be Take quick filver, Bal/am capive, of cach hal; hea ounce ; PILLS ror GIDDINESS, PALSY, HEAD- ACH, ft
_ “beat and work them together, till the quickfilver is extinguifh-

ed; then put to the mafs, the yolk of one eggs mix them Take* native cinnabar, levigated, two drachms ; caftor,
very well ORR ROLE adding half a ‘pint of rofe | and falt of amber, of cach one -drachm; oil of marjoram,
water. Sifters drops; balfam of Peru, one.drachm; fyrup of piony,

| ~ As well for injections se ulcers in the vagina, occafioned . ‘@ fi uffcient. quantity to make the mafi, and soem nine, pall

out.of every drachm of it. The dofe is three of them to

frora the corrofivenefs of a long continuance of the whites, Bs
be taken three times a-day.

_ it is equally as efficacious for a gonorrheea, particularly o ‘Yee
if any ulcers in the urethra. ‘This dimple preparation PASTE ror rue FISTULA, PILES, &c. yo
Sheaths the excoriated parts from the acrimony of urine. Take a pound of elecam pane” root, three pounds of Sand

: ESSENCE ror tHe HEAD-ACH. G4 Uy feeds, oa one oes ranged, Let thefe * oa: into
a@ very fine powder, eparately; take two. pounds -o Oney ;
Take of French brandy, or rettifi ed {pirit of wine, one and the fame quantity of fugar in powder : melt the honey :
= quart, put it into a ferong bottle; and add one ounce of and fugar together over a gentle fire, Jfeumning thar coake

_ Camplire cut malls a quarter of an ounce of fence Coe So ualh » tell they become as» bright as amber : when they are
mons and two ounces of the ftrongeft volatile fpirit of Jal cool, mix and kucad.them into your powders in the form
@nmontac. Stop the bottle quite clofe, and fhake it three or

of a pafte.
. four times a-day for a week. The dofe is the fize of a nutmeg, morning, noon,
“The method of ufing it is to rub the hand with a little and night, This has been-found a tpenide for the fiftula,
3 it, ‘and hold it hard upon the part affected until it is piles, &c.
“ary; ; if the a is not quite relieved, repeat it till it is. = MM, if
< For tHe WHOOPING COUGH, sy tHe ROYAL
sale ‘COMPOUND TINCTURE oF SENA, COMMONLY COLLEGE or PHYSICIANS,

wal
CALLED DAFFY’s ELIXIR, re | Take flowers of benjamin, and. Jrrained opium, of each
ake of the bef Jena two ounces; jalap, coriander feeds, | two drachms ; camphire, two fcruples ; effintial oil of ani-

and cream of tartar, of cach one ounce; coarfe fugar, three | fecd, half a drackhm; i relified Jpirit of wine, one quart:
quarters of a pound; brandy three pints ; let them fland for | digef, and ftrain off the elixir.

—_ or. twélve days; then t firain off what is fine Sor ufe. This is original from Le Mort, and was publithed by
. This i is an agreeable purge, and nothing can be more | Quincy, -with four ounces of liquorice, and four of ho-
ef than to a ak it ready made for family ufe, pofo ney, which the College have omitted. It is anodyne and.

+ <i.

diaphoretic, and greatly contributes to allay tickling

: GO D FREY's CORDIAL, coughs, to open the breatt, to give freedom of breathing,

Toke spe gallons of water, rafpings of faffafras, and‘) to qure an afthma, but particularly the WHOOPING-

ds, of cack Sour pounds; powder of carraway feel, | COUGH IN CHILDREN. The dofe for children is

ounces; opium, Six ounces; coarfe Jugar, fifteen | from five drops to twenty; and to grown perfons, from

ditescot all together, till one half the liquor be twenty to a hundred, at night and ——e in Ma-
then. Srrain it through a coarfe bag or tehh | Jaga wine.

ree weet f Dr. SMITH’s PRESCRIPTION | FoR THE WHOOP- wy yf
FHT ON's: BITTERS, ING COUGH,

ounces 5 sired orange vee sae “Fake of the mufh julep, Six ounces 3 paregoric elixir, half i: e
bad ite drackm, in powder ; [2% ounce; volatile tinéture of valerian, one drachm: mix eee
' them, and take two — three or. four times |
| every day. 2 eee
Take milk of, “gum ammoniac, = itt cinnamon water,
of each two ounces; tinéture of caftor, two drachms ; fyrup
‘of balfam, half a drackm : mix them, and adminifter one
fs a prefently after. .
vos igh ounces; Sayfa of Tot for |* “Powaras the decline of the difeate, a decodtion of the
a as | i ti

INDEX °

( 255)

INDEX > To tHE M

BDOMEN, or Belly, the ftru€ture of, with an ex- |

planation of all its parts, 72, &c.
_ Agues, or intermittent Fevers, the caufes,
gimen, and medical treatment of, 119,
Ale for the inward piles, 253.
Ale for the jaundice, 253.
Alexeterial Bolus, 245.
Anatomical Analyfis of the human
female, r9r, &c.
» Animal Magnetifn, on what founded, 244.
Anodyne Balfam, 245. ah
Anodyne Clyfter, 248. oS Fe te
Anodyne Linement, 250. :
Anthony's Fire, St.—See Ery/ipelas.
Anticholic Chyfter, 248.
Antidyfenteric. Electuary, 247. °
Antihectic Décolion, 246.
Antipathy, wondertul properties of, 243.
Aperient Ale, 246. i
Apoplexy, its catefe and cure, 172.
Aromatic or Spice Water, 245.
Arteries, their ftructure and office, with their names and
defcription, 33, &c.
Afthma, its different kinds, caufes, fymptoms, and cure,
171, &c. dis
Balfamic Ele&tuary, 247.
Bladder, inflammation of the, 152.
Bliftering Plaifter, 248.
Blod, » See. oo and circulation of, 103.
Blood, involuntary difcharges of, to cure, 153.

fymptoms, re.

Frame, both male and

Blood, {pitting of, 159.
Blood, vomiting of, 160. ;
Bolus of Jalap with Mercury, 245. oo
Bones, or Structure of the hnman Skeleton, 61. ~ :
Bones, broken, how to treat, 93. ee
-Brain, inflammation of, its fymptoms and cure, 139.
Bruifes, how to treat, 188.

Burns, to heal Orit 188, |

Cartilages.—See Grifile. .
Bara. its extreme aon S oe ue to cure, 181,
Child-birth, or the proces of midwifery, 228. es
Cholera Morbus, its danger, and beft mode of cure, 153.
Cholic, the different kinds, and modes of cure, 150. _
Cold Bathing, cautions previous to, t99- _

Colds and Coughs, how to cure, 1445 pach Fe
_ Conception, or Pregnancy, manner of, with t
tions common thereto, 225.
Confumptions, the different kinds,
125. ie

Convuifion Fits, 198.
Cou, » Wh Ny 146. j 2

indifpof-

“9

{ Fever, bdilious, 138.
"Fibres; their conitruétion

| Gargle, emollient, 249.
|

and methods of cure, |

EDICAL PART.

Draught, Satine, 249. -

pte pub! the dropfy, 253.

Drink for confumptions, 2 53°

Drinking the Mineral Waters, cautions
201.

Dropfy, how to cure, 163.

Drowned Perfons, recovering of, #96.

Diuretic Decoélion, 24.

Dyfentery, or bloody Flux, 161. : 2

Eggs, in the ovaries of a woman, contain the tudimests ee
of the embryo, 227, As

*

previous therete, .

Elefuary againit the piles, 247.

Elna agin floes, 247.

Elixir for the whooping cough, 254.

Emetic, or vomitting Dra » 253.
Emoltient Cataplafm, 246. "a
Emulfion, Common, and Emulfion Arabic, 248,

Effence for the head-ach, 254.
ye Water, 245. :
Eyes, coteyeyen | of, yr cure, 140, &¢,
at, its origin, quality, aud office, 23.
Fevers, toot ante, general tendency, and cure, trys
Fevers, intermittent, 119. fa a
Fever, acute or continual, ae we
Fever, low or nervous, 123. dang eels
Fever, malignant, putrid, or Spotted, 129,
Fever, the miliary, 131- hie hee
Fever, the remitting, 132. rf ,
Fever, {carlet, 137. ee

Epilepfy, or Falling Sicknels, 175.
ee or St. Anthony’s Fire, 138,

and office, 2h eer

Flatulencies, or Wind, 178. — aoa

Flefh of the human Body, its diverfity, fubMlance, &e, 20.

Fluor Albus, or Whites, 219,00 er

Fomentation, aromatic, 249. tg

Fomentatin, ftrengtbeningy 2496 =
ree bee Hae 9 i Lana

Fore i Pace how to prevent, and cure of, 22h

Gargle; common, 249, - i a, =

Generative Parts in men and women, @ minute defcripe
_ tion, 15,34t097, * ae

oe
God, : ty 254.
ie he alleviate,

Rae ae 3 é se ee its
Chin the only the progreffive formation of its parts, nes

Cramp of the Stomach, 2 1 :
Cephalic Ale, 246. 5g hee es
Dotin fe clas s, colds, &c. 252.
pened eae fore throat, 253+

Decoétion for inward decays, 253+ 5 hd 5 Ue ee eee Safar ation:

Dire detention , and cure; TT eee Ae
Diaphoretic Bolus, 245- a ae
Diarrhea, or Loofenels, 154+.

- Difeafes in general, their prevention and Cure, #1B-
Diflocations, 1900 ers is

~

256

Inteflines, inflammation of the, 1438.

Jtch, how to prevent, or cure, 170.

Juleps, cordial, diaphoretic, diuretic,

Kidneys, their fituation, (tructure, and office, 80.

Kidneys, inflammation of the, 151.

King’s Evil, 169.

Lavender, compound fpirit of, 251.

Lenitive EleGtuary, 247.

Ligaments, their conftruéction and ufe, 22.
~ Liver, its fubftance and office, 73.

diver, inflammation of the, #52.

Loofenef. See Diarrhaa,

Lobelia, an American Plant, ufed by the natives to

the Venereal Difeafe, 213.

Lungs, their conftruction and office, 102.

Lungs, inflammation of, 124.

Man, phyfical and aftronomical defcription of, 1.

Membranes, their conttruction and office, 20.

Meafles, fymptoms of, and cure, 1 36. ;

Menjftrual Difcharge, cautions concerning, 215.

Mercurial Plaifter, 248.

Mezereon Root, a powerful affiftant in venereal cafes,

Midwifrey, proceis of, ih natural and difficult labours,

fetid, faline, 250.

cure

213.
228.

Miners, expofed to injuries from unwholefome air, and

~ _ mineral evaporations, 114.
Millepedes, expreffion of, 249.

Mufcles, their aftonithing properties, and curious conftruc-
tion. A minute inveftigation and defcription of them, 40.
Nerves, a defcription of them, with their properties, fitua-

___tion, and ufe, 37.
Nervous Difeafes, their caufe, and cure 174.
_ WMight-mare, sae and cure, i

forder amung the ancients, 1 170
ry » 175+

g and blind, 159.

\

Abfurd notion of this

; and let the Index
at the End of the

Oppofite the ‘Title-page.
= e 19
Dag 2

89

INDEX to tnt MEDICAL PART.

Rheumatifm, how to cure, 167.

Rhubarb Bolus, with Calomel, 246.

Ruptures, in adults, 195.

Ruptures, in children, 235.

Sarfaparilla, a powerful ingredient in venereal cafes, 213.
Scurvy, caufes of, fymptoms, and cure, 168, ;

4 Stomach, its parts defcribed, 10.

Stomack, inflammation of the, 147.

Strains, how to cure, 194.

Stone and Gravel, 156.

Shin, or Cuticle, its texture, fubftance, &c. 19.

Skeleton, or bones proper to the human body, their gon-
ftruction, names, property, and office, 61.

Sedentary Life, the at confequences of, 116. :

Small-pox, its nature, fymptoms, and mode of treatment,
133, &c. ’

Smait-pox, inoculation of, by the moft approved modern
method, 135. :

Sore Throat, inflammatory, fymptoms of, danger, and
neceffary treatment, 141.

Sore Throat, putrid, malignant, or ulcerous, its conta-
gious quality, fymptoms, and beft mode of cure, 142.

Self-pollution, its dreadful effects, on either fex, 222. —

Scrophula, how to cure, 169.

Sympathy, particular defcription of its. effects, 213.

Stomach Plaifter, 248.

Strengthening Confection, 246.

Strengthening EleGluary of the Bark, 247-

Suppurating Cataplafm, 246.

Tendons, their conftruétion, fubftance, and office, 23.

Thorax, or middle Ventricle, its parts defcribed, 98,

Venereal Difeafe, bad confequences of being neglected,
202. The virulent gonorrhoea, 203. Gleets, 207.
Swelled tefticle, 208. Buboes, 209. Chanchres, 210.
Stranguary and Phymofis, 211, Confirmed lues, 212.

Veins, particular defcription of, with their names, order,
office, and curious conftruétion, 24,

Ulcers, how to treat, and cure, 189.

Vomiting, how to cure, or prevent, 154.

Urine, fuppreflion of, 156,

Urine, bloody, 161. : ‘

Vulnerary Decottion, 247.

Worm Plaifter, 248.

Weakneffis, contracted before marriage, 221.

Women, difeafes of, 215.

Wounds, how to heal, 136.

~ ee

THE BIN DS Ba

TO
Mufcles, Plate II. * S bo
The Human Skeleton * =? ‘i 72
The Organs of Generation, Male and Female, }-
__and Liver of anew-born Child = - } oe A.
- Plate of the Human Heart - - Taps
Child in the Womb, juft_before Delivery at gag
Procefs of Delivery - et ete 230
Pofition of the Embryos in a plural Conception 233

7 This Work
tion va the Purchafer. If bound in two Volumes, the KE¥
TO aioe CULT SCI ENCE, which the

es = Pan Sy A p

on 478) ca ad

tin.

may be bound in one Volume, + two, at the op- —

4