C:).¥ Ii and NATURAL ] moe lok OQO R- Bez, OF | IJ WM I2 F PRI ii i Ys -— T ERES Vit 55 ;O HEIL m mm mE E X LE H M y e | Fi N j d , E s, Y 4 h ME ^ $ v f Y je UB "t = m " um i: Rio Bubno * nes . be Re ACC Beet py! z -N ummahs m S X g ie Eg Z2 27 Bi >» avana f de TE i esir e- a “ee fete * ye É ivi é Meles es 30 245 20 147 10 VII = L AMI [^B A A f mm hw Imm um —m-xm im am -- got serm mr mer ant mr bum 18 T nr Stool MEN a * à E IRS 4 - am 1 is * Ss X 3 A , "E E i —— IÀ ~ Kons is oe = { P } 6 5 » " S SS E " Met (dx Mee d X er AU WU APSA v MW UNE “ ; ho e 3 GENE NR bf N 1 A aie E f r; jw rA A BON 1 — = 3 HET — A * ^v A x y = S. Sy > A L1 1 SSMO i A 9 ENT ^ = k 4 kd t x% : —— {WSs $ A = : ` A Y qd 4 A ; :3 / = i ' aS 2 3 , : 1o We. oa 2 d^ C Mur Jum ID XU ó Wr ve S 20 L o E i X X IV o. p TED NEU E "uu KIT JUI GUN] GNE TIME re ON] € UNE E EI a MIN gU amu uim mm E E] g Zz ~ 5 Se ee, NA \ AY " jte OS — i I—À T == = = Xm he 7d Gri be T "EO, Richme: hip k 4 e AY. ANI hitle R.i: M js rM $c serlo Cuo heard m 7v, Ez d 1 R á A Correct MAP of ` The roto / No FA MAICA. saree CODE Ss os to ont Gm me Nm m VI 53 a To DT Ht ; i " [qmi WU Im = hm : ud : 3 AE s 5 Tu CLE HUI UR om E Xm wm LL NET WUmp GUT qur Gump INE] C XE XML en mr mm T — turi — Tu ae enn umm Hu Gum M Zo 35 2 20 CE 5 " ele Tn nm 15 PL. TIT. NIIT AGI Tm Y m s LUA — I TU] 7 a 4 a A 30 MU TET EE ao 3d LEE 2 L T 20 10 T HE CIVIL and NATURAL — ^ H lS TI.O. X ——á A In Three PAR T S CONTAINING, I. An accurate Defcription of that Ifland, its Situation and Soil; with a brief Account of its former and prefent State, Government, Revenues, Produce, and Trade. II, A Hiftory of the natural Productions, including the various Sorts of native Foflils į perfe& and imperfect Vegetables; Quadrupedes, Birds, Fifhes, Reptiles and Infe&s ; with their Properties and Ufes in Mechanics, Diet, and Phyfic. : 254 III. An Account of the Nature of Climates in general, and their different Effe&s upon the human Body; with a Detail of the Difeafes arifing from this Source, particularly within the Tropics. In Thee DISSERTATIONS. The Whole illuftrated with Fifty Copper-Plates : In which the moft curious Productions are reprefented of the natural Size, and | delineated immediately from .the Objects. 6 By PATRICK BROWNE, M.D. REE mue L ON Bo x Printed for the AU THOR; and fold by T. OssoRNE, and J. SHIPTON, | in Gray's-Inn. MOCOENR | | ] i ; MISSOURI ro BOTANICAL » e X puigul- FRE gee iS Den c Biber "V [13 xbv. BUNTEN ae A CATALOGUE of te AUTHORS Whofe Names are abbreviated in this WORK. Flo. Lap. Flor. Virg. . Gron. Fl. Virg. Gron. Muf. Ich. Tone. ROSPER Alpinus de plantis /Egyptiacis Petri Artedii, &c. Opera Ichthyologica omnia Effay fur L'Hiftoire Naturelle, &c. par Pierre Barreré Cafpari Baubini Theatrum Botariicum Pinax Herm. Boerhaave Index alter Plantarum, &c. Philippi Bonani recreatio mentis & oculi, &c. Indie orientalis res naturalis & medica, authore Guil. Bontio Jacobi Breynii exoticarum plantarum centurie Joh. Burmanni Thef. Zeylonicum Decades Africane D. G. Buttneri Plante cunonis The Natural Hiftory of Carolina, by Mark Catefby Cafpari Comelini plante rariores exotica Samuelis à Dale Pharmacologia, &c. A Natural Hiftory of Birds, by George Edwards Flora Lapponica, Car. Linnzi Flora Virginica, &c, Joh. Fred. Gronovio authore Idem Laur, Theo. Groriovii Mufeum Ichthyologicum Index teftarum Conchiliorum in Mufeo Nicolai Gualtieri Francifci Hernandesnova plantarum,&c Mexicanarum Hiftoria | The Natural Hiftory of Minerals, &c. by John Hill Hortus Indicus Malabaricus, per Hen. Van Rheede, &c. Hortus Cliffortianus, &c. per Car. Linnzum Hortus Eltamenfis, &c. per Jo. Jac. Dillenium The Gardner's Dictionary, by Philip Miller. Joh. Jonftoni Icones Piícium, &c. Engelberti Kempferi Amcenitates exoticze Joh. Theod. Klein mifi, varii © Caroli Linnzi opera varia Car. Linnzi Flora Lapponica Car. Linnzi genera plantarum Hortus Cliffortianus, authore Carolo Linnzo Materia Medica Caroli Linnaei Mufa Cliffortiana, per Car. Linnzum Caroli Linnzi fpecies plantarum Caroli Linnzi Syftema Nature, &c. Caroli Linnzi Orationes varie Martini Lifteri Hiftoria five Synopfismethodica Conchiliorum Petri Martyris Decades Americane — ' | Petri Ant, Michelii nova plantarum genera Muf. A bIS EE AUTHORS s Pet. Gaz, Pif. Pk. & Pluck. Plum. PI. fil. Rai. Roy. Rumph. Slo. Cat. i: „Francifci i Wiaughbeii Iabiogisphin nova, &c, Mufeum Ichthyologicum Laur. Theo. Gronovii Mufeum Zeylónicuin, authore Paulo Hermanno. Pub, Ovidii Nafonis Halieuticon, per Colinzum 1545 Gazophylacii nature & artis Decad. V. authore Jac. Petiver, De Indiz utriufque re medica & naturali, &c. authore Gu- lielmo Pifo Leon. Pluckenetii Phytographia, 3, 3 & £t Caroli Plumeri, nova genera, icones, & fpecies pee Americanarum Caroli Plumeri tractatus de filicibus Americanis Joh. Raii Hiftoria Plantarum . Adriani Royeni flora Leydenfis Rumphii Thefaurus Imaginum Pifcium teftaceotum Catalogus Plantarum, qua in Infula Jamaica, &c. authore Hans Sloane, M.D. | = A Voyage to the Iflands of Madeiras, Nevis, St. Chriftopher’s and Jamaica, &c. by Hans Sloane, M.D. Theophrafti Erefii Hiftoria Plantarum Thefaurus Zeylonicus, Johanne Burmanno authore Jof. Pitt. Tournefortii Inftitutiones Rei Herbariz A Difcourfe of the State of Health, &c. by Thomas Taghain P. Virgilii Maronis Opera E *« ds» » h " — : 7 Eme R. : Diois ; — ÉTER TONE ; His ROYAL HiGHERE Se ; George William Frederick PRINCE of WALES ARDON me, ILLustTRious PRINCE, if, at this time, when the moft important fcenes engage your attention, I attempt to lay before you the Civil and Natural State of a Colony, whichan extenfive trade and a commodious fituation ‘have long rendered the object both of the care and munificence of the Crown; and endeavour to fend it into the world, under the patronage of a Prince whofe eminent virtues now engage the thoughts and attention of the moft confiderable part of mankind, as well independent as allies and fubjects to your Royal Family. Natural hiftory, on which fo many neighbouring princes now beftow their attention, has been long en- couraged and happily cultivated in thefe realms, under the aufpicious influence of your Royal Anceftors: and as every attempt to advance our knowledge in the Works of nature, and to promote the general welfare a of DEDICATION. of mankind, meets with your gracious approbation, deign, GREAT PRINCE, to accept thefe endeavours: and that you may ever difplay that wifdom, moderation, and juftice, fo confpicuous in all your Royal F amily, and long continue a eus d to thefe Kingdoms is the ardent rm of Your RoyaL HIGHNEss’s Mofi Devoted =. Humble Servant, . PATRICK BROWNE. A: TIG A LIST “of SUBSCRIBERS, R: Samuel Adams - M Robert Arcedeckne, Efq; Dr. Afkew Mr. James Athil John Ayfcough, Efq; Mr. William Baldwin Mr. Alexander Ballantyne Jofeph Tofter Barham, Efq; Zachary Bayly, Efq; William Beckford, “Efq; Richard Beckford, Efq; Julines Beckford, Efq; Francis Beckford, Eíq; Thomas Beech, Eíq; Charles Bernard, Efq; Martin Blake, Efg; 4. Copies ‘Mr. John Boyd - Nicholas Bourke, Efq; Peter Brady, M. D. William Patrick Browne, Efq; Mrs. Sarah Burke Sobannes Burmannus, M.D. Profeffor . Betanices in Horto Amftelaedamenj, ^ Henry Bynlofs, Efq; ^ ^ - Thomas Bynlofs, M. D. Michael Connel, M. D. -= Capt. James Coleman Peter Collenfos, Elg; F.R.S. Francis Cooke, Efq; | Mr. James Cradock Samuel Crofs, Efq; George Crump, Efq; 2 Copies Jofhua Crump, Eíq; bt Henry Dawkins, Efq; Philip Delaney, Efq; Francis Delap, Efq; Caleb Dickenfon, Efq; Dominick Duany, Efq; Edmund Duany, Efa; Owen Duany, Efq; John Dunbar, Eíq; Patrick Dunbar, Efq; Mr. John Ellis, F. R. S. Mr. John Erfkine. John Falconer, Efg; James Farril, Efq; Thomas Fearon, Efq; Walrond Fearon, Efq; Wheeler Fearon, Efq; Henry Peters Fearon, Eq; Edward Fearon, Efq; William Fofter, Eq; Thomas Foíter, Eíq; Samuel Fofter, Eq; Mr. Edward Foord John Fothergill, M; D. 2 Copies Mr. William Frafier Thomas Freeman, Efq; John French, Eíq; Rofe Fuller,. Eq; The Right Hon. J. Carteret Earl of Granville, &c. &c. &c. Prefident of the Council. Capt. William Galbraith - Mr. Francis Gale Mr. Francis Garden, 2 Copies Mr. John Gent Mr. Thomas Gordon Mr. William Gordon, jun, . Sir Alexander Grant, Bart: |. Thomas Gray, Eíq; Mr. Thomas Graham Mr. Alexander Graham Matthew Gregory, Efq; Jobannes Fred. Gronovius, M. D, Civit. Leydenfis Senator Excabrinus, & Col- legii pupillaris praefectus. The Rev. Dr. Stephen Hales, F. R.S: &c. Mr. Stephen Harris Thomas Hay, Efq; William ahs (PO 3E William Heberden, M. D. Thomas Hibbert, Efq; Mr. Thomas Hill Mr. John Hewells - Dr. James John Jeake, Efq; His Excellency- Charles Knowles, Efq; Governor of Jamaica, &c. 2 Copies Mr. John Kelly Benjamin King, Efq; Cotton King, Efq; Mr. Thomas King James Lawrence, Efq; Carolus Linneus Eques-Auratus, Maj. Suecia Archiater, &c. &c. Nathanael Lloyd, Efq; S. R. Mr. John M*Anuff Alexander M‘ Farlane, Efq; Capt. Benjamin Marlow Mr. Thomas Maqueftian George Mackenzie, B . Richard Maitland, = — The Hon, Charles Monfon, ER Henry Moore, Efq; 'The Rev. Mr. Robert Moncreif . James Monro, M. D. Dominick Monro, Efq; Mr. William Morris Petrus Van Muffenbroek, A. L. M. Med. & Phil. D. Phil. Math. Profeffor Qr- dinarius in Academi Lugduno- Ba- fava. . Henry Needham, Efq; Mr. John Nugent James Ord, Efq; John Palmer, Efg; John Patterfon, Efq; 2 Copies ‘Thomas Partridge, Efq; Philip Pinnock, Efq; Nicholas Plifham, Efq; Mr. Arthur Pond, F. R.S. Patrick Taylor, Efq; Captain Thomas Trower -© Mr. William Watíon SUBSCRIBERS. Robert Pott, Eíq; Capt. James Purcell The Reverend Dr, Reading Mr. John Richardfon Captain Thomas Saumarez Lieutenant Ifaac Samms John Scott, Eíq; Schwenke, M. D. Profeffor Bo- tanices Haga-Comitenjis J. A. Schlofler, M. D. 3 Mr. William Shields a Mr. Rowland Smith E Thomas Stack, M. D. F. R.S, John Stickle, Eíq; Captain John Stott, 2 Copies Anthony Langley Swymmer, Efq; Nathanael Sydíerfe, Efq; John Thomlenfon, Efq; Masa B Chrifophorus Jacobus Trew, Medicus Norimbergen/fis. Nicholas Tuite, Efq; 2 Copies Samuel Turner, Eíq; Richard Tyrrel, Efq; Florentius Vaffal, Efq; The Reverend Mr. John Vine E. F. Van Wachendorf, Botanices & Chemie Profeffor Ultrajectinus Matthew Wallen, Eíq; Thomas Wallen, Efg; Edward Webly, Eíq; | à Samuel Whitehorn, Efíg; E Edward Wilmot, Med. Reg. 1 John Woodcock, Efq; 4 Mr. John Wright | A William Wynter, Efq; William Yeeles, Efq; William Young, Efq; PRE- OMEN T y an aaan L 1 A Pte wowed A TU Ae HE Ifland of Jamaica, whofe Civil and Natural Hiftory is the fubje& of the following fheets, has been now known and inhabited by Europeans above two hundred and forty years, is of a confiderable extent, productive of many ufeful Ar- ticles of Commerce, bas been the frene of various and fingular events; and frill continues to fupply us with a neceffary appendage to our pre- fent refined manner of living. Thefe are well known circumflances ; and ibat the wealth of many, the fubfiftance of multitudes, the extent of our Navigation, the Revenues of the Crown, and in fhort the Emolu- ment of, the whole Nation, are deeply interefled and augmented by the perpetual intercourfe with this diflant Ifland, is univerfally allowed : Yet how fmall a Part either of thofe who inhabit it, or of thofe who by one means or other draw the principal part of their fulfiffence, wealth, and affluence from this fruitful fpot know any thing of the Ifland in general, its produttions, advantages, or inconveniencies; or give themfelves any pain in confidering whether the former may be im- proved, or by what means the latter may be remedied, or removed. And indeed were any difbofed to do either, what grounds have they at prefent to proceed upon? For, tho many amongft thofe who have reforted thither, have been. diftinguifbed for. their Talents and Learn- ing 5 for their Curiofity and Abilities: the Arts of Government, or the means of acquiring Wealth and Power, have generally occupied their thoughts y or the love of eafe and pleafure, to whith the Climate but too much difpofes even tbe mof determined minds, have difipated the beft eflablifbed Refolutions; and in confequence, fcarcely any thing bas been B attempted vi PR eika C E attempted towards exhibiting a juf idea of this Ifland, confidered both in a Civil and Natural Light; except what bears the evident marks of Imbecility, Inattention, or erroneous Information. — — Happy in a large fhare of health and firength ; enured to the Climate, and witha mind ftrongly difpofed to the cultivation of Natural Knowledge; I faw with regret, bow greatly the Hifory of this Ifland was neglected; and determined to lofe no opportunity to inform myfelf of every par- ticular, that might enable me to give the moft fatisfattory Account, both of the paff and prefent State of the Ifland y and during feveral years ref- dence upon the fpot, it was the employment of every leifure bour to col- leét the moft authentic Materials for this purpofe. As a Phyfician, the nature of tbe, Difeafes that appear there, drew my principal aiten- Hon: As a Naturalift, the various produétions of the Earth claimed my peculiar care; and as a Member of the Community, and a Subject of Great Britain, I took the liberty to enquire into the nature of its go- vernment, and whatever elfe re[petting it, might tend to afford fatisfac- tion to mankind in general. I have not indeed difpofed my obfervations in the order above mention- ed ; there are more Men than Naturalifts, and perhaps, more of thefe than a, ge ; 1 have for this reafon followed that order that feeined the moft natural, and placed, as far as I could, fubjeéts akin together. In the part which treats of the Civil State of the Ifland, I own I have been the moft brief. The lives of the Governors ; the civil and military tranfactions ; and various other particulars, would have made no impro- per part of Juch a work; but this would take up a large fhare of my time on a fubjet to me not fo materially interefting ; and of confe- ~ quence, hindered me from purfuing that part to which I found myfelf more equals more ftrongly inclined; and in which I thought my refearches more likely to tend to public advantage. The Natural Hiftory is there- fore by much the moft extenfroe part ; the productions are both numerous and curious ; and contains great numbers of articles whereof many have been left wholly unnoticed, while others were but imperfetlly or inaccu- rately reprefented tous. Sir Hans Sloane hath not colletfed above 800 Species of plants in all Lis travels: In Jamaica alone, I have examined and defcribed about twelve hundred, befides Foffils, Infeéts, and other produttions ; many of which be makes no mention of. It muft be owned, _neverthelefs, to bis praifo, that bis works, inaccurate as they are, upon the whole, have done both the Author and his Country credit. In refpeet to the difcafes, the Duty of my profefion; the uncommon Appearances of many; tbe Violence of the fymptoms, and fatal Confe- guences Cee a ee RE HA GB vii quences that often attend ‘em, bad generally rendered them the principal objects of my Study : frequent opportunities gave me an occafion of enquiring more firitily into their Gourfes and Caufes; and the neg lee or inaccuracy of former Writers; the confufed and imperfect Notions generally received of the moft dangerous and deftruttive of them; and the pernicious Methods of practice, now, too frequently in ufe among the ge~ — nerality of our American practitioners, engaged me to communicate my Obfervations ; which I have difpofed in a few Differtatious, to avoid prolixity, or too frequent repetitions. M The Diverfity of Subjetfs treated of in the courfe of this work, has Jubjetted it to a great numberof Parts and Subdivifions ; The. firft of thefe gives an account of the Civil State. of the HM /land 5, avid for greater conveniency is divided into two Parts or Chapters: The Firft contains a brief Hiftory of the former ftate of that place, continued down to the thorough Eftablifoment of the Colony; and the Second includes its prefent State; with a more circumftantial Account of its Trade, Imports, Exports, Revenues, and Curiofities. The Second Part of the work is a regular Hiftory of the Natural . Produétions , and, as it is by far the moft confiderable, we have di- vided it into Three Books; and thefe again into Claffes and Settions, according to the natural order of the Subject. The Firft of thoje (be- fide a Catalogue of the native Foffils of Jamaica, with Jome Remarks on many of the Particulars) contains a New General Method of clajj- ing native Foffls. In the Second Book, we give an account of the ve- getable produétions of that Ifland, which we have difpofed chiefly ac- cording to the Syftem of Linneus; and have added the Ufes and Pro- perties of each, as far as they have been yet afcertained; as well as the Methods of Cultivating, and Manufatturing Juch as we have ob-. ferved to furmfb any valuable or ufeful commodity. The Third con- tains an account of the Animals chiefly obferved in and about the Ifland ; and thefe are claffed nearly according to the Syfiem of Linneus alfo ; but where that feemed forced or unnatural, we have followed another method, in which we have endeavoured to be guided folely by natural appearances. The Third Part of the work is made up of a few Differtations, con- taining Jome ufeful remarks and obfervations on the Nature of Climates in generals the Diverfity of Atmofpheres ; and the different Difpofitions of the human machine in each; with an account of the Diforders ari- fing peculiarly from them, in every age, fex, and climate; and par- ticularly, of the yellow and remittent Fevers. The viii S&B fF A GE The whole is illuftrated with fifty odd copper-plates delineated im- mediately from nature by the accurate Ehret, in which we have been careful to reprefent the mof curious and uncommon productions of every . fort, now obferved in that place; befides a map of the Ifland, and a large draught of the harbours of Port-Royal and Kingfton : Ir zs in- ter[perfed with fuch remarks and obfervations as I could find well grounded or attefted, and likely to prove of any fervice to mankind y with- out incumbring any part thereof with tedious relations, or ufelefs quota- tions ; and I hope by thefe means to render it an agreeable entertain- ment to the lovers of Natural Hiftory in general; profitable to fuch as live in thofe parts in particular; and ufeful to fuch as may be in- duced to vifit, or prattife in, the like climates, & | Ph Jl 4 ul FM i i a — : ip f A CEE 7 D LI n a ini ak = | TIELDETTT- - TODEPEDIN Aut UL ‘Cure yal > ` da n i J i. E e eia wl To " = : ee ine Lg MS ou Ro oe MG a- ophet UU - — ` . a he Ad. Pigs, laesa ar A c. LAN VE AT Y W V T Wb Ye JAG AVA MAP og] o A l f M i} m, h "uA 4 8p "cha. : r Y L 7, re i A |. 7 atPhimbPoint | WE ^ Lge " : Py EU ft h 7 | = Y DA | wif d VAY) Vr HJ TW s LG 77 f Wer SN / äi Pf | | | à | i EUIS nj DP. P t, 5 " we c ade 2 EA Ly, A; $ 3 A | | | t M gr L^ » v j | m 7 GE ae A, Ap / NE AMT m 1 fe \ Pur . d nt 77 2/2 ; Cc LL | PYA Ü A , i 17 | | uc o FF ERE AERE 721 ^t ad "LE “ DIL Dae Jt Put a My CERF 47/ Middle 70 Correct Draught 4e o Me Hor VM Of o —— Prat 3 Da Ge: «c y , 101 and ex&ttidltoti-; bue QAM gra Re Q g eiue. wilh 77 : Neys ande Moai a ppteent j Y^. Ad ( o —À SS D ie RON OR am aE ona ‘from alate Accurate Survey "y b) ^ A py) S $ fer? i 1 CUM Mir pW UA " Ny YONG ate tern er am Y Mm--————————— sie = i "e à is pam i : DE sse e eR imer ee T2 Cıvıı and Natu ga; HISTORY elec Mei A Pak oL Containing the Civil State of that Iland. CHAP h Of the foritier State of J^ MAICA: of America) is of afi irregular oblong form, and adorned with aridge or chain of lofty mountains, which in its irregular difpofition, from the molt eaftern point weftward, occupies the middle part of the country ; and by its various appen- dages, inlets, and declivities, forms thofe fruitful vales and frequent rifing grounds tween the mountains and the fea, which we find every where fupplied with fprings, rivulets, and large currents, that low from different parts of the main ridge, and continue their winding fteepy courfes to the fea, It lies between 17 degrees 31 minutes and a half, and 18 degrees thirty two minutes and a quarter north latitude ; and extends from 75 degrees 40 minutes and three quarters, to 78 degrees 20 minutes and three quarters weit longitude (2) ; being about a hundred and feventy two miles in length, and fifty eight over where broad- eft, Itisfituated a little to the eaft of the entrance into the gulph of Mexico, having the ifland of Cuba to the north; "fucatan and the gulph of Honduras to the weft; Hifpaniolaand the Caribbee Iflands to the eaft; and that part of the main land called Granada, now a province of the kingdom of Santa Fee; to the fouth, at the dif- tance of about a hundred and fifty leagues. os | This Ifland was firft difcoveted by the famous Cbrz/fopber Colon (b) or Columbus; (a) See the Philofophical Tranfa&dions. __ ny (b) I have extraéted the following account from the Decades of Peter Martyr, whom I look upon as one of the moft accurate writers of the affairs of America. Chriftopher Colon (ince commonly called Columbus) was'a native of Nervi in the territory of Genoa. He was bred to the fea, but at what time or upon what occafioti he had coticeived a notion of thofe remote lands, is uncertain: It is, how- ever, well known, that, on this occafion, he had made frequent unfuccefsful applications to the feveral Princes of Europe before he received any encouragement. But the King of Spain was at length per- fuaded to favour bis project, and fupplied him with three 2 and about 220 men, with which he failed in E^ HE Ifland of J aM A 1€ A (ore of thofe fituated neat the thain continetit ek: THE CLVAL] HLS TOR Y in the year 1494, then on his fecond voyage in thefe parts, and at that timeat fea, chiefly with a defign to obferve the ifland of Cuba; taking it to be a part of the main conti- 4 nent, -of-which the natives of Hz/panio/a had already- given himduteligence. But . a the veffel proving leaky, and being no longer able to keep the feas with fafety, he d .put in at Chireras, on the north fide of this ifland, and landed foon after, though the natives at firft made fome fhew of refiftance.. He then called this iland Sz. Jago, and was obliged to continue there until he had put his veffelin tolerable order to ven- — a ture to fea again; during which time the people lived in great friend(hip with the 4 ‘natives, in. whole poffetiion the ifland fill continued until the year. 1509 ;,whén s: Don Diegé Columbus, {on to Chriflopher, (then Admiral in thofe feas) (ent am de — — ; Ejfguibello with a party of men to invade the place; the other conquefts and fettle- ments being at that time under the goverpment and direction of Don INicueffa and 4 Ojeda, both appointed from home, and now in high difputes about this ifland, from A whence they were generally fupplied | with provifions on emgrgent occafions. This party landed, and foon made a conquelt-of a place, where they. were always receiv ed in. a fiiendly manner, wherever either chance or neceflity had driven them upon the coaft ; and for many years after the Ifland continued in the pofleffion of the Spa- niards (c), thoughmuch neglected on account of their other conquefts, and not unfre- quently infüled or invaded (4) by other;nations. —_ The firft improvement undertaken here by the Spaniards was the town of Mellila, - which was built about Port Maria, on the north fide of thisifland; but the fituation di not proving to their fatis#action, they removed. fome: leagues more to thé weft, and built the famous town Sevilla, the ruins of which are fill to be feen on the dow of the hill immediately above St, Annes Bay, But as the colony grew more popus from Palos in Andalufia about the 3d of Auguft 1492... The people, after Beine paffed a confiderable time. t fea, began to mutiny, and refolved n 5.they were, i. perfuaded to con- tinue the voyage a. few days longer, and in a day or two after (which was about the rith of October) came in view of feveral iflands, whereof. Hifpaniola was the Principals on which they landed about the 18th. On the firft approach of the Spaniards the Indians retired tothe woods, but one of the womén, E. who was overtakenin her flight; being treated with great humanity and decency, and then fet at libesty, joined the reft, and brought them foon after to an amicable interview; at which fuch a friendfhip w vas contracted. between both ‘parties, that the natives Heated our adventurers with the a atelt Fu n gua and liberality for fome time altern, ior "About the 4th of January following Colon fet out on his voyage h Load having, ros built a finall fort-at the Nütroit) (where he hithiérto lad been) for the fecurity ‘of about do of His people whom he defigned to leave behind; buthe carried 10 of the natives with ne rics he dex be the: Berci HUM tó fatisty the curiofity of ( thé Royal Family at his return. ; When he arrived at the court of Spain,, he met -h a mo gracious reception "E wa S fo n ates appointed Prefect or Admiral of the Spani/h nav „inthe eltern bégan to: poan Tor another voyage; fi ich there had been / . of which he pu th among whom he had been careful to mix People of i fons 6 of Bhce well uer oe a inda great variety of cattle and grain. ^. ith this Acet he failed. about the 7th of Oaker 1493, and, after, paling doc weeks’ at fea, feli jim with the Caribbee Ylands, whofe inhab itants he difcovered to be cannibals. He paft fome days amo eliflands, to which he gave'thofe names many of them ftill retain; and then failed Srey; Por "D pánitlay. where he arrived about the 4th of the nones of February followitig After he had fettled his new colony in this ifland, he put to fea again with a’ defign to'obferve dic lands of Cuba, takin van to be a part of the main continent, which (he was informed) had beer fituated more: to the weftwa: “but | meeting with à hard gale of wind on the cQ alt of that illas den he had ra down Pc diftance on the fóuth fide thereof, ‘he was forced. out to fea, and Rafte ao the high lands of Jamaica for which he failed direelyp and: anchoréd i in one ef the ports on the north’ of the Ti: where he continued fome time to refit his veffel) v;i; nj (c). De la. Cafes afürms. that ibe xe bad foon deftroyed: cas ive thoufand of the, atita: e being not above two or three hundred tin his time, which was buta Ed eal M n feffion of the place. a (d) Sir Anthony Shirly vali fn 3 that invaded this ifland after it was in the. Pu of we s. m he landed therein 1592, without oppofiti ; but left i it foon after, not thinking it then worth keeping. It was afterwards invaded by Colonel. T. ^, former | Jeneral, of. the. Lxaward. Ifands, ‘who in 1638, had fitted out a fmall fleet with which he failed do nong g the Sp. anijb fettlements ts, and plundered both Si. Domingo and'St. Yago. This valiant officer landed with pU five iundred r men at Pa//2ze Fort, and cut his way through the feveral breaft-works caft up by the Spaniards, to the very town. of. St, Fago, eae ~hence he casried a very confiderable booty. . See . Hicker ingill, Be, Tous, eS er, i lal OOF ey A M! X!Dc'k:' . + lous,- they ftretehed towards the fouth part of the Mand, where they built the fa- mous town of Je Vega, from which the defcendants of Columbus are {aid tó have the titles of Dukes conferred upon them. Thistown profpered better thin etther of the others, and increaíed fo much, that in 1655 it confilled of no lef: that 1760 houfes, , two churches, two chapels, and an abbey;- at which time the Eridi (failing in their attempt upon $7. Domingo) made a defcent upon, and conqucred the Tfland. ; But the commanders returned home foon after, leaving a confiderable part of dheir forces (ej, under the command of Colonel Forte/gue, to guardand fecure the place; and were both, after a hearing or two, ordered to the tower for their milcarrage at Hifha- niola. To give a more perfect account of this revolution, we mult now look back a little time into the ftate of affairs in England. Cromwell, who had raifed himfelf to the head of affairs at home, where he now governed almoft without controul, had no fooner fixed himfelf by the agt of govern- ment, and fettled the general c diit M usus the. nation to his fatisfaétio i, than he | bcfore the Engli Ub: came ase to the | M r F thofe in « e fifpeded he had the Test reafon to confide, in fome remote part (f). W ith this view, and probably to gain the more upon the nation in general, or at leaft to {creen his private defigns the better, he ordered a fleet of feventeen men of war, with many tranfport veflels to be got in readinefs, the command of which was given to Admiral Pez; and an army of be- tween fix.and feven thoufand regulars, under the command of General Venables. With this armada they failed for Barbadoes; where the (hips were ordered to rendez- vous and the commanders to open their inflructions: they arrived there about the 14th of February, 1654, and recruited with fach fuccé(s that they foon augmented the foldiery to the: number. of ‘ten or twelve thoufand (2), with ‘which they failed down to Hi/paniola, They made that: iland the toth of 7/7777, and foon after landed within a few leagues to the weft of Sz. Domingo, from whence they marched directly towards the town :: but the foldiers being difheartehed by a previous proclamation (b JJ, which deprived them of all hopes of plunder; were foon repulfcd by-a handful of Mulatoes ; and after having loft five or fix bündred men, with fome brave. officers, they left off all thought of conqueft, reimbarked, and fell down to Jamaica, where they landed, (2) on the 10th of May 165 5; but marched fo flowly towards the capi- tal St. "ago de la Vega (whichithen was very tich'and populous) thatthe Spaniards shad retired, and carried moft of their epi. Mee with as to xu woods (H, town.” dn Cromwell having h :née'of this conqueft, fent oùt a fref) ce ment Oe near three | Hp. owe v r; add refolved to milfs no ap portnity af fapportine this new addition, VERET now ated ved him as another Siberia; for the frequent difturbances raifed by the ‘Cavalic# Party, and the refolution with which many had denied, or refolved not to fubmitto the authority of his Major Generals, put him under aneceflity of getting rid of fome of , who were frequently afterwards (during his wfarpation) tranfpgited to this E land. where, with the troops alread y ftationed there, they, became. the ri Pinyin féttlers. "The Spaniards, who had not yet ideferted: the Hand, contaid dliémfayes: in thé woods and inland parts; from whence they made frequent excutfions, and killed fuch ftragglers and lonely perfons as they could meet with. Butbeing at length weary of their qiie the pens and ime no hopes to dled ge: the a um asig, qnan. s (e) About 3000 men. ( f) See Ludlow’s Memoirs. (zg) See Echard's Hiftory of. England y Ludlrg' Memoirs Mier and tie Mesi of * late. affairs of. England; Lond- printed 16082. 2 oO 8 ^ c pl onum s E E. : b) See Édard' Hiftory of England. | : 9M " , E It is thought they landed oppofite to: Port- Reels ; bs 1 col not t learn the i = cers "d S Hickeringill, + 3e if T: dcn PA , i d Under the command of Major See iul Colonel Humphry. je 4 THE, CIVEEL HISTORY to the north fide of the Iland; and, with a fupply of about thirty companies well provided with arms and ammunition, which foon after arrived there from Cuba and the Main, fortified themfelves at Rio Neuvo. But the Engli/h, then under the command of Colonel D’Oy/y, having early intelligence of the arrival of this rein- forcement, marched directly towards them, and forced them in their intrenchments, tho’ the Spaniards at that time were more than doüble their number. Upon this and other ill fuccefles, they retired to Cuba, leaving many of the Negroes and Mulatoes to keep poffeffion of the place, and to prevent the conquerors from fettling in the country parts: thefe people continued very troublefome for atime, but the Englifh, who were not themfelves ufed to the woods, at length called in fome of the Buccaneers to their affiftance, and foon after brought them under fubjection. The French fettlers at Tortugo, who, about this time, were much neglected by - the government at home, then under a minority, and too frequently prefled by the Spaniards abroad, refolved to provide for themfelves ; and foon after became a tet of land and fea robbers, in the practice of which they continued for many years: nor did their then governor de la Place (m), in theleaít, difcourage proceedings whereby he became a confiderable gainer, | | The government of Englandfalling againinto confufion, upon the death of the vigi- lantCromwel, the affairs of Jamaica were much neglected, and the ifland, on that account, was frequently reforted to by the pirates of Torzugo, who were now grown a very for- midable body; and the people, at this time under little or no reftraint, encouraged by the example of thofe who had frequently brought in immenfe riches with impu- nity, foon gave in to the fame methods; fo that the place became another colony of pirates, which far exceeded the former both in numbers and refolution ; and with whom they ftill continued in friendfhip, frequently uniting their forces upon occafion. : In this ftate did the greateft part of the inhabitants of Jamaica continue for many years; chiefly under the command and guidance of the famous Morgan (n), who, with his numerous followers, had brought in fuch a vaft booty, that the ifland con- tinued for many years one of the moft wealthy fpotsin the world, for the number of its inhabitants, ‘Thefe people were not fatisfied with what plunder they met with at feaonly; they frequently landed in great numbers, and ranfacked the moft flouri(h- ing Spanifb fettlements: nor were thofe fituated even on the coaft of-the fouth fea free from their daring attempts, which reached the opulent and populous city of Panama, in 1670; from whence they brought immeníe fums of money, as well as other valuable treafures. King Charles II. being at length feated.on the throne of England, put on an early refolution to promote the welfare of an ifland, which was likely to prove very (m) See the Hiftory of the Buccaneers. (n) Morgan (it is faid) was a native of Wales, and the fon of a farmer. He was tranfported to Barba- does in the quality of a fervant, and from thence, (after the expiration of his time,) went to Jamaica, where he joined with the pirates; among whom he was foon diftinguifhed. for his fuperior conduct and daring refolution, and in confequence was foon after elected a leader; in which fituation he always behaved with great amen, and was as conftantly attended with fuccefs, He brought no lefs than 250,000 pieces of eight from Porto Bello, and as much from Maracaiba and Gibraltar, befides jewels, plate and flaves to a confiderable value. By his expedition to Panama, it is computed. he got 400,000 pieces of eight to his own fhare ; and about 200 more for each of his party, at that time near 1200 in number, He left off his courfes immediately after this, and became a fober fettler, and a great promoter of induf- try. He was both an excellent citizen and a happy planter; andin the courfe of time, wasadmitted one of th | l:buth fi is knighted and appointed Lieutenant Governor, in which ftation he be- haved with greatapplaufe from 1680, to the year 1682. When the peace was concluded with the King of Spain, that Monarch infifted on his being punifhed for his former depredations; and he was ac- cordingly fent for, and committed to the Tower in 1683-4, where he continued for three years without trial or hearing ; at which he could hardly fail of clearing his own character, as he had always acted under regular commiffions, from the Governors of Jamaica, while he continued in that active ftate of life. But indeed, fuch barbarities as were frequently committed on thefe occafions, were not to be au- thorifedor countenanced by any Chriftian power, nor committed by any but fuch as looked upon them- felves as lawlefs people, | | 2 ferviceable PF. JJA (MGA; IO. À. é : ferviceable to thecrown, tho’ the confufion of the affairs at home, and the then ur- gent war with the Dutch bad wholly prevented the execution of his defigns for a time. But the nation being at length quieted and the Dutch war at an end, his ma- jefty refolved to act more vigoroufly in thofe parts and to ufe every means likely to reftrain the licentiou{nefs of the pirates, who ftill continued their depredations under Colonel D'Oyly, Lord /Zindfor, Sir Charles Littleton, and Sir Thomas Mud- deford, whom he appointed Governors fucceflively, during the troubles.at home; and to this be was ftill the more inclined from the frequent complaints of the Spa- niards, whofe fufferings were now daily laid before him. With this view Lord Vaughan was appointed Governor, and fent out to Jamaica with orders for Colonel Lynch; who then governed in the abfence of Sir. Thomas Muddeford, to appear at court and anfwer to the complaints of the Spani ambaflador. This nobleman was no fooner arrived in Jamaica than he een oupu ela of his majefty in execution; and with fuch vigour as foon put a ítop to the proceed- ings of oH UE died ESSE A. f Rri M 3 ad became induftrious fettlers; while others, unwilling to depart from a courfe of life to which they had been now long ufed, or, it may be, diffident of the clemency of their prince, retired to Tortugo, where they continued the fame practices for feveral years after, But in proportion as piracy was fupprefled in this ifland, the people, who were become extremely wealthy by their former practices, began to murmur and com- plain of the defpotic power to which they were ftill expofed; which, however gra- cious or mild, could not but be difagreeable, as it wasa form of government no ways confiftent with the Eng/i/h conftitution. In this fituation, |. however, they con- . tinued until the latter end of the year 1680, when his majefly king Charles the Se- cond was gracioufly pleafed to grant them a charter or commifiion under the great feal of England, conttituting and ordaining a regular form of government for the ifland ; which was foon after difpatched to the Right Honourable Charles, Howard, Earl of Carlifle, appointed Governor the year before. uere By this grant or charter the government was lodged in the hands of, 1/7, the Governor or Captain- General, who is appointed by, and reprefents his majefly. He is vefted with both the ecclefiaftical and military power, as well as civil; and con- tinues during his Majefty's pleafure. | ! insists dti bind 2dly, In the council, which is alfo appointed by his Majefty, and generally confifts of twelve perfons of the beft rank and, fortunes in the ifland.. This body sepeeleans the houfe of Lords in England, both in power and. jocseding ings; nor do they interfere judicially pied Iro OE | it be in (E cafes as are. ss ht before them by writs of error out of the grand court, or by appeals from the Court .of:Ad- miralty. 1. In the affembly, which in power and proceeding reprefents the Houfe Commons in- England. The members of this body. uíed to | be cbofen , by the votes of the freeholders, who returned three reprefentatives for each. of the town-parithes, (formerly only. two) viz. 1. Port-Royal, and, | 2. St.Catbarine's ; and two for each of the other parifhes (then only thirteen) viz. 1. St. Thomas in the Eaft, 2. St. Davids, 3. St. Andrews (which contained the prefent parith of Kizg/fon, 4. St. Thomas in tbe.Vale, 5. St. John’s, 6, St. Doratby's, 7. Vere, 8. Clarendon, 9. St. Elizabeth's (which contained the prefent St, Elizabeth's, Weflmorland and Hanover,) 10. St. fames’s, 11. St. Anne's, 12. St, Mary's, and 13. Sta George's, which with the parih of Sz. Thomas in the Eaff, contained the prefent parith of Portland ;) making up thirty-two members in all, which was the number of the firft affemblies of that ifland. , "Thefe three bodies, in which the fapreme power is lodged fincethat titne, aré, by the charter, authorized to make and ordain fuch laws and regulations as they think neceflary for the better government of the community, and profperity or welfare of the colony; and they are generally in force for one year, or until his majefty’s pleafure be known, who always inforces or jns void all the acts paffed by them, as 6 T He od WISE ArT Ss OR as he finds them to tend more or lefs tothe real intereft of the colony, or to intetfere with, the laws or interefts of the mother country, The aflembly however is called, prorogued and diffolved, as the Governor pleafes, who gives the negative, or afents to the immediate force of all the bills they país. With this charter his Majefty has been alfo pleafed to favour the iland with a mace, which is carried before the Governor upon occafions; and with a broad feal, in which he was pleafed to appoint them the following arms, viz. a crofs gules, charged with five pine apples, 1n a field argent. Supporters, two Indians plumed and condal d. Creft, An Alligator vigilant. The infcription in the orle, ECCE ALIUM RAMOS PORREXIT IN ORBEM, Nec STERILIS EST CRUX. His majefty was alfo pleafed to appoint a Court of Equity in this ifland, e the Chancellor (which power has been hitherto lodged in the Governor, for tbe eafe and fecurity of| the people) fits more or lefs. frequent, according. to the number of actions, depending ; which fometimes engage him for days fuccefüvely, while at other, times he fcarcely fits above once a month. In this court matters of great im- portance are often decided with. fatisfa&ion; tho’ the lawyers, who are generally vexatious and expenfive in that ifland, frequently find means to protract the fuits, and thereby often evade the purpofe of the inftitution: and happy is the Chancellor, who is not fometimes mifled by their ignorance or partiality, which, I am afraid, has been often the caufe of complaints, and expenfive appeals from that court. Courts of Judicature have been alfo inftituted very early in this ifland, and by timely laws and. regulations appointed to be held quarterly at St. Yago de la Vega. Thefe in power and proceeding refemble the King’s Bench, Common Pleas, and Affizes, in England, and are held under a Chief Juftice, who i is commifiioned by the Governor, and endowed with a falary of 120 /, per annum; but his poft is un- certain, being commonly difcharged, as well as commiffioned, at the Góvernors pleafure, In the execution of this office however there are. many other magiftrates appointed for his affiftants, who have no recompence befides the honour of ferving their country, which I believe they always perform with integrity, as far as they are acquainted with the nature of the laws. But really there are not many of them fufficiently verfed in thefe, which with the ignorance of the attorheys, and general tendency of the men in bufinefs, occafions more law-fuits in that colony, than could be reafonably expected among fuch a number of people; there being feldom lefs than eight hundred new actions every court for fome years paft. EAS petty courts have been alfo inftituted, in the nature of Ganaa. heh erly i y precin& ; and in thefe the Cuftos, who fits as Judge, a&ions within the precinét, not exceeding twenty pounds. "They have a Court of Admiralty alfo in this ifland, where matters litigated pe- tween mariners, or trefpaffes committed at fea, which cannot be fo eafily redreffed at common law, are determined: baut the Judges of this court have been hitherto wo by the Governors, Marfhal or Provoft-marfhal (a) has been alfo appointed here; who with hië depo and under deputies are the executive officers of Juftice, and in power and function reprefent the fheriffs, under-fheriffs and jailors in England. Many other offices have. been iki e in flituted. here. for the greater, conveniency . of. .bufinefs, s(a) The office of Marfhal was, ; doublets firft eftablifhed i in a Jamaica, while the satis were all Bia men, and under the guidance of th rew more numerous, whereof many were better acquainted with the fpade than the fword, this. office chan ed gradually into a mixt ftate, whofe duties, in regard to the civil part of the government, were, at firft, conducted according to the cuftoms of England, but have been fince fixed’and regulated by proper laws: and T Win wb of the n ighbouring Juftices, his affiftants, hear and formally determine. all m E S ES [. a in^ k + 1692, a moft terrible carthguake (3 came op. VETE m a VP little time « ‘ s usand " ~ d ex = iU W. > met ing Dore eS rain, OF JAMAICA. > and order and fecurity of the feveral branches of the revenue, fuch as the Secreta- ries, Receiver-generals (2), Commiffioners, Controllers, and naval officers, &c. The ifland was no fooner fettled under this agreeable form of government than it began to profper; the fettlers became daily more numerous and began to carry their induftry further into the country; the woods began toopen, and the lands to yield the recompence of the labourers toil in every field; the parith of Sz. Katherine's was al- ready open and wellinhabited ; the fettlements 1 in Sz. Davids, St. Andrews, Vere, and Clarendom were very thick, and the marks of induftry beginning to appear in the moft remote parts of the ifland ; to which the wealth of Port Royal, the feat of the moneyed-men, and the trade lately eftablifhed there by the Affiento contract (5), had greatly contributed, Port Royal was then probably the richeft fpot of its fize in the world, nor could any people live more at their eafe, or in greater luxury, than the inhabitants of Sf. Jago de la Vega, or Spantfb-town; when, on the 7th of Jars, Berl Oy ; jitantsbe- ny or was the deftruction of Port Royal the only misfortune the ifland had fuftained by this dreadful fhock; moft of the heavy buildings were every where deftroyed ; the fhattered mountains ruined many of the neighbouring fettlements in their fall; and a general ficknefs enfued, which {wept away numbers of thofe that efcaped the firft calamity. The terror with which people were ftruck on this dreadful occafion, put every thought of order and induftry “out of the minds of the remaining few, nor wasany thing but confufion and diforder to be feen throughout the ifland ; fuch asefcaped the deftrudtion of Port Royal could no longer think of refiding there, and the generality of thofe who had depended before on their growing fettlements, now reduced to the ftate of beginning fettlers, could find no means of reftoring the ufual order to their affairs ; by which the ifland was again laid almoft defolate. But as thofe who efcaped the common calamity began to recover from the fright, they endeavoured to regulate their affairs, and torenew that fpirit of induftry which. had formerly manifefted itfelf in every fettlement, and furnifhed the vigilant and ] : Port us with affluence; moft of the principal people who had efcaped the fate of oyal, and the greater part of thofe who depended on their credit and friends in England, having refolved to fettle on fome part of the main land, which they wilely judged to be more fafe, and nearly as convenient as the former. This gave the f the town of of A Eiken wbicb, $ for ia chile meularity $^ v — 1 E eee [apr re me idu. (4) The Ractive: of his Majeh s Revenies in or Tand, was, "by". a “ate a alfo appointed -Receiver of the public duties ; but the law has not yet obtained the royal affent. 6) This contra& was made in 1690, and managed for many years by Don Jago del Caftello, who was knighted by king illiam, and generally known by the name of Sir Fames Ca/flecl: he refided many years in that ifland, and builta very fpacious and well fortified houfe about a mile or two to the eaft of the harbour of King ion; ; but itis now in ruins, - (c) At this time the ifland of Jamaica was in a very füoartibiag condition ; the white inhabitants were: very numerous, and computed to amount to 16000 fouls at leaít; of thefe Sf. Katbering's was deemed to maintain 6270, Port Royal 3500, St. fobw's 996, St. Andrew's 1552, Clarendon 1430, St. David's 969, St. Thomas in the Eaft $90, and the more remote fettlements about 2000 The earthquake came on between 11 and 12 at noon, and in lefs than three tiinutes fhook down or funk nine tenths of the opulent and populous town of Pert Royal. The wharfs firít gave way, and foon after the greateft part of the town ; while the remainder was overflown to the upper rooms. This was no fooner over than the ftreets began to gape, and {wallowed A numbers of thofe that thought to feek for fafety in the open air; of whom feveral were ag urned, fome by the fame, and fome by diftant apertures, eitherin the town or in the harbour ffaiferiininatcly. Nor was Port Royal the only place that felt the effects of this dreadful fhock, which was fo univerfal as to be felt in many very diftant parts of the world ; the mountains rumbled, ctacked and opened in feveral places ; thofe at the entrance of Sixteen-mile- walk, whofe interval yields a paflage to the Rio Cobie, were clofed together, and the courfe of that large river left dry to the fea for fome days: and, on the north fide of this ifland, a {pace of about 1000 acres, with its fettlements and inhabitants, was alfo funk under water, There was no lefs than 3000 people loft by this dreadful fhock, and a general ficknefs enfued, which, with the other mi- feries the conftant companions of fo univerfal a diforder, left the ifland almoft defolate. 3 an 8 THE-CLVEÍEOISTORY and fituation, furpafles moft towns in that part of the world; and whofe fpacious and commodious harbour can be hardly excelled in any country. But as many of the principal people ftill continued: in that part of Port Royal that remained as yet undeftroyed, this new fettlement did not go on fo profperoufly until the fire in 1702-3 had made their refolutions unanimous, and fixed that both the place of trade and the refidence of the moneyed men. à The planters had, by this time, recovered themfelves from the confufion into which they were thrown by the late dreadful earthquake; and thofe among the trad- ing people, who had already amaffed wealth enough to {pare fome from butinefs, refolved to pufh the land-intereft, either by becoming planters themfelves, or lend- ing their money to fuch as were already engaged in that way, and wanted neither indu- ftry nor management to put it to the beft advantage. From this time the ifland began to be again reforted from all parts, induftry to be revived, and the fettlements to ad- vance with the ufual appearance of fuccefs and care; to which the great refort of young adventurers, whofe moderate fortunes could, in noother part, promife them to raife a foundation for their families fo foon, had contributed much ; as well as the im- portation of induftrious fervants, whofe hcneft labours have frequently raifed confi- derable fortunes there. Nor did the breaking up of fome of our other fettlements contribute lefs towards its advancement, for, on lofing of Surinam, which, by the treaty of peace foon after concluded with the Dutch, was wholly given up(4), about twelve hundred of thofe that were fettled in that colony came to this ifland, and contributed much to the improvement of the fouth-weft parts thereof, called Surinam quarters ever fince. The colony was in this thriving condi- tion when the French, to the number of 2200, with three men of war, and priva- teers, floops, and tenders to the number of 20 fail, under the command of monfieur de Caffe (then governor of the French fettlements in Hifpanicla,) had, in Yune 1694, invaded the ifland, where they committed uncommon outrages : and having done all the mifchief they could in fcattered parties, collected their forces and failed to Carlifle Bay, where they landed fourteen or fifteen hundred men on the 18th, who continued afhore for fome days; but were fo warmly attacked by the Ezg///b, who by this time had muftered a confiderable body of forces, that they were obliged to reimbark on the 23d at night, and the next morning failed to windward, putting all the prifoners afhore at Port Morant. The ifland continued to flourifh after this time, and in 1700 received a confiderable addition by the breaking up of the Scotch fettlement at Darien, which they were neceflitated to defert in the beginning of that year, moft of the people who were fent to that colony being then obliged to go over to Jamaica, where many of their children and defcendants ftill continue in the poffeffion of that affluence they had induftrioufly acquired: and from that period we may look upon the ifland as a fettled colony, which ftill continues to improve both in wealth and numbers; and is likely to continue in a growing ftate, as the legiflative body ftill continues to give every reafonableencouragement to beginning fettlers, a great part of the ifland being yet uncultivated. — 4 (4) In 1673-4. CHAP OF JAMAICA 9 COH Be Be copre Of. the. prefent State of JAMAICA, its Revenues, | Produce, and Trade. Mie code res ne ; , D : } ^ 3 v, 1 * Ea ho "E d 9 rts of ij CPP Ahh . ) i FT ee ies | the P Au Fudicature. *Tri3H T. Qian nee? f « o 4 | HE Ifland of JAMAICA certainly furpaffes all the other Eng/z/h fugar-colonies, ; both in quantity of land andthe conveniencies of life; and is fo advantagi- i. .oufly fituated, in regard to the main continent, that it has been for many years looked upon, as a magazine for all thé neighbouring fettlements in America. And whether we now confider it with regard to the quantity or value of its productions, the number of men and fhips employed in itstrade, or the quantity of valuable com- modities annually imported there from the different parts of Europe; we (hall cer- tainly find it not only the richeft, but the moft confiderable colony at this time under the government of Great Britain; and I fhall hereafter endeavour to fhew how far it may be yet improved. [ 3 dins The inhabitants of this happy land ftill enjoy the fame form of government tha was firft inftituted for their predeceffors; and continue in the ufe of thofe laws and regulations that have been fince ordained, for the more eafy and orderly management of both the public and private affairs of the community. But as the ifland has grown more populous of late years, and the fettlements more thick in the remote parts; they found it neceffary to divide the larger parifhes into others more commodious, which bas pow. encrealed. the numberof them tò 19, Viz. f sy ssar (yo. img nrigeo es ofsbediide mdi. xn: quot apt GF Foal d12w ordw oigo] I. Sf. Katherine's. 7. 9f. Thomas in the Vale. 14. int oe ei ie 2. King/ton, | 8. St. "fobn's. 15. St. JAMES s. €. 3- Port Royal; thethree |||. 9... Sz. Dorothy’s, 16. St. Anne's. __, town pariíhes, .. 10. Pere. 17. St. Mary's. 4-. St. Thomas in tbe Eaft,. 11. Clarendon. | 18. Sz. George's, 5. St. David's. — 12. St. Elizabeth s, 19. pertian koi: . 43 . We : 20. Palau ay. 6. St. Andrews 13. Weftmorland. ai A. This augmentation of Parifhes put them alfo under a necefüty of increafing the number of reprefentatives, who are now chofen every three years; and regularly returned by all, in the fame order and proportion they formerly ufed to be, viz, three for each of the towns and town parifhes, and two for each of the others; by which the number of them is now increafed to forty one. And it was found not only neceflary to augment the number of reprefentatives, but that the greateft care fhould be-alfo taken in the choice of them; forthe poweras well as riches of the country lies in the hands of a few, whofe particular interefts we fhall hereafter fhew to clath frequently with the welfare of the community. This engaged many of the gentlemen to make ufe of their intereft in promoting a law whereby the reprefentatives might be appointed vi be chofen by ballot, in - they 10 THE DIMI HISTORY they have fucceeded to the fatisfaction of the greater part of the community: and it is hoped fo juft a regulation will eafily meet with the approbation of his Majefty (a). The appointment of convenient ports of Entry and Clearance, was allo a cir- cumftance that required thé Confideration ofthe public on this occafion ; for without thefe, both the trade and planting intereft, on which it chiefly depends at this time, muft neceffarily lie under the greateft inconveniencies in many parts of the ifland, To remove this difficulty in fome meafure the legiflative body have already appointed Port Antonio and King /ton of that timber; ports, I maft acknowledge fufficiently . convenient for fuch veffels‘as trade to the north eaft and fouthern parts of the ifland : but thofe that load in the weftern harbours ftill continue under great hardfhips ; the roads being frequently bad, often impaffable; the winds always from the eaft; and the currents moft commonly fetting into the gulph, which is generally the beft and often the only paffage that veffels from thofe parts can make. How inconvenient tuft it be then for fhips loaded in thefe remote harbours, to work againft wind and current,,to gain onc of thofe ports that have been already appointed? and to be after- wards obliged to fail back with. fhattered equipages, to make the beít of their way through a. dangerous gulph: yet this muft be done, or the captain muft leave bis charge and travel between one and two hundred miles through very. inconvenient roads, to clear out at one of thofe already appointed. . Port. Royal has been indeed one of this kind fince the ifland was firft fettled under an Exgli/b- government, and ftill continues to enjoy the fame privilege, though but a barren point of land, and fituated within a few miles of Kzzg//on ; while Savanba la Mar (a harbour, where near a fourth part of the produce of that ifland is annually fhipped) ftill continues to labour under great difficulties for want of that advantage. . | ^. c o . The inftitution of circular Courts was another circumftance that required and en- saged the attention of the public, in proportion as the number of fettlements encrealed, and the remote parts grew more populous; and they were at length eftablifhed (7 , and appointed to be held quarterly in the feveral diftricts of the iin d, to the g id y d Ct, fatisfaction and real benefit of the colony. For if we confider that they have no other trade in that ifland at prefent, but what depends immediately on the planters, who are now almoft equally fettled in all parts; we fhall find fome of thofe populous towns, which, fince the decay ofthe S5ani/b trade, have been fupported chiefly by {tanding courts and the public neceffities of the people, to be rather a prejudice than an emolument to the community; while they harbour fo many dependants in idlenefs at the expence of the induftrious, who might prove very ferviceable mem- bers had they been diftributed about the ifland, and their thoughts turned upon the more ufeful mechanical branches, or their induftry employed in the advancement of fettlements. Tus : | TM | Trade, it is true, could not be too much encouraged, while the merchants could - yet deal on advantageous terms with their neighbours, and export the produce of the mother country to advantage; but this is not the cafe at prefent, for all the branches that remain depend,wholly on the planting intereft, which ought for this reafon to be the Jeaít, fubjeéted to inconveniencies, there being fcarcely any thing imported there at this time, but what is immediately for their ufe, and paid for by the produce of their labours, (a) This law was made in Yamaica fome time ago, but has not yet obtained the Royal Sanétion, tho’ one of the beft ever pafs'd in that Ifland. : | : (2) Though this law was paffed in the Ifand, and every neceffary conveniency eftablifhed for the ex- ecution of it, it has not met with his Majefty's approbation. SEG T. Q Frj A; M iA. I € AA; ii ! 6 E-GoT. CIL Of the Lands, Settlements, Soils, Produce, and Income of Jamatca: HIS ifland, of a moderate computation, is reckoned to contain about fout millions and a half of acres of fertile land; but as the mould is varioufly mixed, and the feafons fall differently in the different parts, the foil ‘is varioufly adapted to different forts of vegetables; for which reafon I fhall now divide the ifland, as it naturally is, into the mountainous, the hilly, and the bottom lands ; and ~ The mountains of this ifland are generally lofty, and, for the imoft: part, as yet eir nadie cui MM GR MERGERS Tite not and cool ;-butthe foil is generally of a clayey nature, with a large admixturé of gravel and vegetable mould ; and as it is frequently refrefhed with fhowers, and but feldom expoled to the more active rays of the fun, it 1s not only the fitteft nurfery for the moft confiderable timber-trees of the ifland, but the moft luxuriant and natural foil for all forts of European plants, as well as native fucculent vegetables ; ‘and indeed it anfwers fo well for thefe, that they generally have moft forts of European greens, roots, and fruit, with a great variety of the indigenous of the growth of thofe parts, in all the public markets, | ped ap ~The hilly lands, tho’ generally haded arid frequently refrefhed with fhowers, are yet more vigoroufly warmed by the fun, Here the foil is generally terrene ot ‘earthy, with'a more or lefs copious admixture of clay or gravel, and a larger quan- tity of vegetable mould (2); which frequently renders it a moft agreeable bed for the fugar cane; efpecially when marl or clay does not prevail, and a little care is taken to manure the ground. 'Thefe lands anfwer always beft for the na- tive provifions of the country, and produce all forts of grain, fruit, and farinaceous roots in great abundance: they fupply the moft agreeable foils for the cacao, coffee, ginger, black pepper, all-fpice, and canella; nor does the vanilla, the mandibocca, the maze, the convolvine potato, or the Indian corn grow any wheré more natu- rally, or in greater perfection. es Brose " — The third divifion comprehends the lower parts of the ifland; where the lands, which are gene ally the moft fertile and conver iet t, feldom fail of being well opened and cultivated. The nature of the oil, however, is different in different parts, and thence may be very conveniently divided into fuch as are immediately farrounded by, or contiguous to the mountains, and thofe more remote and extend- ed plains commonly called Savanas. ‘The former, which fupply not only the rich- eft but the moft appropriated foils for the fugar-cane, (a plant whofe luxuriant growth requires the heat of the lower lands to raife, the moifture of the mountains to dilute, and abundance of vegetable mould to inrich its fap) are conftantly inriched by the wafhings of, warmed by the rays reflected from, and refrefhed by every cloud that breaks, or fhower that falls upon the higher lands. The favanas are not often inferior to thefe in the quality or native richnefs of their foil, being generally compofed of a fine brick mould, with a more or lefs copious admixture of clay or gravel, which renders it commonly of a more fticky nature: -but’ the feafons feldom fall fo near the fea to refrefh the foil, or to raife fo conftant and luxuriant a vegetation; for there the breezes are too {trong and conftant by day to let the lighter clouds defcend fo low, and generally too ferene to move them down by night; which conftantly deprives the lands thus fituated, both of (a) See the nature of thefe different forts of earth and mould in the Natural Hifory, Part I. where we treat of native offils. 2 : dews i2 THE CIVIL HISTORY dews and rains (4), except thofe that fall at particular feafons, when all the neigh- bouring atmofphere is overcharged with vapours. Yet in thofe they find not only convenient paftures for their cattle, but the moft natural foil for the Guinea corn, the cotton, and the aloes; with a variety of other vegetable productions that have their daily ufes in ceconomy. | Of the lands of this ifland we find no lefs than one million and fix or feven hundred ‘thoufand acres already patented; but fo unequally divided, and among fo few, that I would be afhamed to give any account either of the diftribution or number of proprie- tors, had it not been abfolutely neceffary to {hew the pernicious confequence of mono- polies; and fuch furely it muft be deemed in thofe who take up more land than they or their children are ever likely tobeabletocultivaté, But toavoid a more tedious and uncertain computation on this occafion, I fhall only give an inftance of the parifh of St. Fames’s, one of the moft thriving in that ifland, and one that at this time feems to keep a due medium between the moft populous (exclufive of towns) and thofe that are yet the leaft cultivated. In this pariíh, on an cxact computation, I find one hundred and fix bei three hundred and fifty two acres already patented; and now the property of about 132 perfons, whereof ten are hardly more than nominal proprieters, being poffeffed of no more than thirty five or forty acres one with an= other: a quantity of land nearly equal to the whole iland of Barbadoes, for- merly. computed at 106470 acres; which in 1676, was computed to maintain no leís than feventy thoufand whites and eighty thoufand blacks, in a decent and plentiful manner. From hence we may obíerve how much the prudent diítribution of lands contributes to the fettlement of a colony; for in Barbadoes and the other fugar colonies, no man was allowed to take up more land than he could cultivate in a cer- tain {pace of time, and the new comer always had his choice of the unpoffeffed lands to enter upon immediately, which, m perhaps more remote from the mar- kets or fhipping-places, equally anfwered his purpofes, while every neighbour whofe plantation was already fettled (c), wanted the produce of this, as yet unfit for any thing but provifions, to fupply both his table and his flaves: "Fhusinduftry was ftill promoted, for every eftablifhed fettler wanted an opportunity of increafing his poffeffions with his family, and the produce of his labour was the only means of at- taining it, which, forthisreafon, he was refolved to employ to the greateft advantage; and made ufe of the major part in advancing his fortune, while a {maller portion ferved to purchafe the neceffities of his family and flaves. By thefe means the colo- nies were foon fettled, and at length brought to fuch perfection, that the genera- lity of cane-land- now fells there from thirty to,eighty, or one hundred pounds fierl. per acre; while the moft promifing fields in famaica continue ftill adorned with their native productions, and the cultivated are {carcely valued at above ten or fifteen pounds an acre. ` The neceflity of putting a ftop to fuch inconveniencies muft be then apparent to every perfon who confiders or regards the general welfare of the colony ; but the (^) Inthe more inland parts of this ifland, the earth is almoft conftantly refrefhed with dews or rains, which feldom defcend lower than the foot of the mountains, or the adjoining hill ; nay, you may frequently obferve both the fhowers and clouds to wind their courfes from one mountain to another, and to rife and fall with the intermediate hamocks ; while the lower lands are parched with drought, and obliged to rely almoft wholly on the vernal and autumnal rains, which always come from the fea, and fall on all parts of the ifland alike: and hence the beft fituation for a fugar fettlement may be eafily known. (c) When a perfon confiders what induftry is capable of producing in thofe parts of the world, he will think it indeed furprifing that any man fhould be allowed to keep wafte or uncultivated lands. I havebeen informed by a gentleman who carried on an indigo work for many vears, that twenty five acres of good land ina feafonable place, wellcultivated with indigo, and rightly managed, will produce above one thou- fand pounds per annum currency ;. yet ty Negroes is more than fufficient to cultivate, and manu- facture the produce of that quantity of land. ee is not quite fo profitable, but more certain and lefs expenfive; and 100 acres of tolerable good land, cultivated with this plant, will hardly fail of producing near 1400 pounds currency a year. What man of fenfe would not then rather buy provifions than employ his land that way, when his limits are confined? 4 means aeneae NUT 7 * Y O0P^op iA M Arb Cr aA. 13 means of redreffing them muft be the peculiar work of that wife body, to whofe care the fupreme power is committed ; and yet I am afraid that many of its members will think themfelves too nearly interefted, to confider the public happinefs with warmth on this occafion. For my own part, F can think of no method whereby this grievance may. be now redrefled, befides that of. laying a heavy tax (a) on uncul- tivated lands, and reaffuming the forfeited without favour ; fuch a behaviour would, I am fatisfied, oblige them to ufe their utmoft endeavours, and in a fhort tiine, aug- ment both the imports and exports of the colony, to double or trible the ufual quan- tities; and yet every fettler inclined to referve fome unopened land, which he may not be immediately able to plant with the more ufeful commodities of the country ; may bé allowed a reafonable or proportionate number of acres, to be regularly plant- ed with the moft ufeful timber trees (2), of which they are now deftitute in the low lands ; though they may be reftocked at a very fmall expence, and kept up without any prejudice to. the other i -for the ufe of which - are frequently wanted ; and o. neficial branch of their exports: Such a regulation would introduce another piece of induftry among them, which is now but too much neglected ; I mean that of manuring the open lands; for though they now think the greateft part of them rather too rank and luxuriant, and. fpare that labour even where moft apparently wanted, becaufe they can open frefh ground ; they would upon a trial of this fort, (which may be eafily done in one or two acres) find, that dung adds a warmth. to the foil, and maturates, as well as it enriches the juice; whence that extraordinary produce where fuch methods are daily put.in ufe with judgment. But though this Ifland be not as well cultivated as it might, or ought to be; its produce, from which alone. it. derives both its wealth and affluence, is confiderable enough to engage our attention for a time ; and to give a very juft account of it is no eafy matter: by the books in the public offices of that Hand, the exports fince the beginning of the year 1737, fhould bes follows, vz. (a) This method was tried formerly with great fuccefs in Antigua, where they had for a time la- boured under the fame inconveniencies, to which this colony is now fübject from the uneven diftribution of its lands : But the legiflative body of that Ifland, having obferved how much the keeping of uncultivated lands, ibuted to prevent bathinduftry and the growth of the fettlement ; laid a tax of five fhillings per acre, on all manurable lands that fhou ld not be forthwith opened and cultivated : The cffe& anfwered their expectation fo well, that moft of the richer lands of the Ifland were foon after in cotton, or canes ; little care in all the wafte hilly lands. I have known the planks cut out of a fingle well grown mahogany tree to be fold for upwards of 7o/. currency, and afingle acre of ground will raifeabout forty of thefe ; and may be under-planted with pie- mento, or canella, or ufed as e ground befides + Thefe, at the moft moderate computation, will, in the courfe of fifty or fixty years, be worth 1200/3 and each of the others is of a proportionate value, or otherways very ufeful. | | : my | ee ? Quantities THE OIVIL AS .TIOR Y Iy Quantities of Goods exported from J a m a 1 ca from January 1737, to December 1749 ; and to the 29th of Movember 17535 according to the Books kept in that Ifland. LA. D. 4 Sugar Rum | Malaffes | Coffee |Cotton | Bags, Cafks, Lbs, | Ginger, | Tomo Mahogany | Logwood Hogds. Punchs. | Hogds. Cafks. | Bags. of Pimento. Bags, -Cafks, Lbs, Fuftick, L. Vite, Ebony. Planks. | Tons. 1737|18072 |1118 | 2191 | 417 |1190| 32 776. 3000 13116 220. 1000| 15 29 65 38|23708. |1281 | 2440 | 352 |1399| 26 1147 4003 120933 817. 8864| 22 s4 24 f- .29|19236 |1431 | 1034 |.221 |135t| 27. 544 - 0231 553 10 19 16 1740 23996 1391 | 1745 297. 1797| 84 687 | 110884 ra: tüvt uo |" 41|25718 | 1942 | 1233 266 |2421/426 1481. 2500 [9576 67 50000| 4541 164 .5t ` 42|19299 ]1881 1629 |.229.|1509,127 513 2700| 4329 44°. 4900 236} 3934 9 43132383 12531 | 3032 | 197 |18951|139 491 . `f 3159 197 1524 30 44123543 |2864 | 2373 | 150 41471] 92. 339 ^ . | 1735 62 | 1645 141 75 |]. E | 3$ -'45]25705 |3212 | 2084 | 173 |1083,607. 741.80000| 1409 73 109s 44 13° E = | 46|33341 |3225 | 3208 | 124 | 621/446" gor 14837| 863 30 4882| 1042 71 61k] ° | 8 4737076 |5061 | 3302 | 127 |1270|145 809 8500| 1165 16. 408% 83 76. 4838192 |5024 | 3695 |7212 |1225,851 346 5300] 1961 49. 3941 Hb m 49|27668 |3982 | 2707 |. 220 | 8751307 1035 64200) 2851 79. 4000 177i 19 1750|29354 |4561.| 2709 ;214 |12631560 1071 58500 joe .51|27877 14678 2673 28 JE 470. 875 45500 Po. au s r Li allons [55.95 |2 2 À [e] ut d I + rete 3994% 224814 | and Lbs ge a Ear d : dU: NU [154 : | [55354 ry (0 4521300 But. aa TERRE a NET wn Re rts oe ondes Es YO! @ + f [AT M IAV E £ BAHT 15 But this is not to. be depended on, for. the difficulties and uncertainty. to which the: trade of that place is naturally expofed ; the labour of beating to windward againft the breeze, and current ; and the diftance or inconvenience of thofe ports already a pointed for the entrance and clearance of Thips ; oblige the mafters (efpecially thofe that take in their loading in remote parts,)’ to make ufe of the firft and moft conve- nient opportunity of making an uncertain réport, and obtaining a cléarance, which frequently happens before the veffel is a quarter loaded: This put me under a ne- ceflity of enquiring in England, where the principal part of the produce of all ny colonies is imported ; and the ingenious Mr. Martland (a) has been kind enou fupply me with the following accounts to the year 51, as they were Lately tud fore the Houfe of Commons, by the refpestive officers, wiz. | The quantities of fugar imported into England and Scotland refpectively, from fa Ifland of Jamaica; and into Engin foie all the Iflands ; igh eA four and twenty | | a of the fugars ex- m puis FAS. gia Decente 17 I Y years, ending in Novem- man : AE Tmported from a s Imported f from deis imported from e from Fam aica to ; age? $: ‘Tflands i i 1 J England. Ea Scotland. i | gw orthern Colonies. A.D. Cts. — Qr. Lbs, | - E Qrs.. ‘Lbs. | Cu. Qr. Lbs Cts. 4141728|. 964480 1:25 e 1,10. | 3201 29| 986648 1 354686. 3 10 | 5593 1730|1019205 2 25 |319456 i 25 {10819 31| 811960 3 23 1309505 O 6 |14266 32| 815783 o 24 |289069 3 14 | 9704 33|1000175 [4 2 338310 o 17 34| 682778 1 11 |299973 r ri | 5833 $ 35| 885292 3 22 |276308 2 8 | 5209 36| 869145 1 17 |309388 o 14 | 7550 37| 543066 3 4 |270063 0 15 |-5927 38| 862716 2 21 |349902. o 13 |11246 39| 949644 3 i4 392822. 227. 1740| 705050 O 16 |279537 3 41| 882009 2 13 [338206 3 18 42 ie. 341048 O 22 Qoa wo “ih 4 WN ^ Qo O9 OO IQ ^ Ww ED 289719..2. 16 Elo 20 Jail 4 2. à » 387226 Ó 22" — 1750 Ksa 326 [4 -51| 823528 t 27. |3 ' In Proportion, 403124 1 16 | eter E 26 The q quantity T. fugar. oea into Baland gom all jd: TN in thé year 1753- ——. 1014084 cts, 3 qrs. 36 lbs. This, à a Ry Ben taken for feven years before, gives 3 oben 403124 cts, Jamana alone; about; eem ig — | (a) This dcus is a T India ection, nd a p in one of. our = p houfes for many years ; he is curious in political calculafioris, and has been | € active in all matters relating to the intereft or welfare of the fugar-colonies that has been brought in queftion here. i6 T HAE C E VÀ DA EET S T O RY ported into London only, from the beginning to the 3oth of November | 1744; 21138 hogfheads (4). ; botog 3 » According to thefe accounts, I have computed the quantity of 1°. fugar exported annually; from that Ifland, at a medium, .for four years, ending. in December 17 51, to be. about, 4763385 cts. neat, or fhort weight; which, at the \ufual price that fu- gars bear in that place, will amount to about 738280 /. 7 s. 64. that currency ;. but the fugat produced on the Hland befides, is yet confiderable, and. feldom,, under 4300 hogfheads, of about. 1 54. cts. each; which is generally allowed to ;be cone {umed within the Ifland ; and. with the exports, which, at the fame computation, amount to about 30731 hogfheads; fhew, that the fugars produced in that Ifland, at a medium for four years, ending in December 1751, are no lefs than 35031 hogtheads per annum. . ie fice T as "Thé quantity of 2°. ram exported annually from this Ifland; is not fo confider- able in liiis and hardly exceeds 4600:puncheons, or 50600 gallons a year, at a medium ; which, as rum generally fells there, will amount to about 69 575 /. per ann. but the retalers of this commodity are generally computed to difpofe of 1600 pun- cheons more within the Ifland ; and we may reafonably fuppofe treble that quan- tity to T ufed in private families, and at the feveral plantations where it is manu- factured. : —— ELT CIE á The following is an 'actount of the rum imported thts England from all the co- | lonies for ten years, ending in1751, as it was laid before the houfe. A. D. i INA F Gallons. & B cieirH l MA? onae En 473499. ci as icoolles | [E ¢ pEORT 7-495329 .. ix ee ler 4 44. oesau-| $ 3978284 - co t o fat 4 45 Arrol » 449980 |46 :":s02-| at 988770 i 47 ‘ S ai S: 443528 49 = = = 564204. 1750. T m = 808798 $1 cxgot, * 71808 . The greateft part of which is thought to be immediately from yamaica. Nor is it ‘unnatural to find, that the ípirit extracted from the unconcreted juices of the cane, fhould, in this colony, bear fo {mall a proportion to its fugar ; while fuch quantities of molaffes, of which it is chiefly made, are yearly exported, and carried to. North America, where it is. manufactured at an eafy rate ; and fre- quently in fuch abundance, as enables them to export confiderable quantities. The quantityrof 3? this commodity exported at à medium annually from this Ifland, is feldom under 258707 gallons; which, as generally valued there, may be deemed to amount to about 12367 / currency (e); which, if manufa&ured within the Ifland, would be certainly worth more than treble that fum. But the neceffities of the poorer planters, who are the only petfons thatare obliged to fell it, will not allow them to putchafe the neceffary conveniencies, ^ ~ | | (d) A cafk or hogfhead of fugar in England weighs generally from 13 to 14 hundreds weight; but moft of the fhips that left Jamaica late this year, had long paflages, and many noted fhips were not ar- rived at this time. iv s m v aie a att ! (e) Famaica currency is to Per. as 7 to 5, 0r 140 to 100 ~ ET Atb, Cotton TUN Ue weterosnscc mem O Ç T J 1AF M AVI € aA 17 4th, Cotton makes another confiderable part of the exports of ‘Yfamaica, from whence they feldom fend lefs than 1253 bags at a medium one year with another ; and this at a moderate computation, may be juftly valued at eighteen thoufand eight hundred and ninety five pounds. , 5th, Coffee. The quantity of coffee exported from this Ifland is not yet fo con- fiderable, and feldom exceeds 220 cafks. per annum at a medium; which, as this commodity generally fells there, may be valued at about three thoufand three hun- dred pounds. 6th, Pimento. The: all-fpice or pimento, is another confiderable article of its ex- ports; and feldom computed under 438000 pounds weight per annum, which at a medium may be computed to amount to about 21925 pounds a year. 7th, Mahogany. While the mahogany tree grew in the more convenient parts of this Ifland, it furnifhed another yery valuable branch of its exports ; and that of its native growth was feldom valued under twenty thoufand pounds a year ; but as the culture of the tree has been wholly neglected, it is not to be admired that it fhould be now {carce among them; there is, however, fome {till exported, tho’ obtained with great difficulty; or the produce of a foreign foil, and not fo good. The quan- tity of this commodity now exported from Yamaica, is feldom thought to be worth lefs than twenty five thoufand pounds fer annum, ata medium ; but it is chiefly im- ported here from the Mu/keeto-/hore, and other neighbouring parts. 87b. Befides thefe, which are the moft confiderable branches of the exports of this Iland; there are large quantities of logwood, nicarago, braziletto, fuftick, lignum vite, cocoa, ginger, canella or winter'sbark, peruvian bark, balfams, indigo, aloes, hides, and flaves; dry goods, and bullion, fometimes exported from thence ; whofe value is not fo eafily computed, and chiefly the produce of their foreign trade ; which of late years is feldom computed to bring in above forty five or fifty thoufand pounds a year, but frequently not fo much. And to thefe we may add the charges attending about 450 fhips that are com- puted to refort to that Ifland annually; which at a medium we may allow to be about twenty thoufand pounds a year. —— 3 3 This is the neareft computation I could make both of the produce and exports of this Ifland, and it can hardly fail giving a juft idea of the place, as well as of the induftry of its inhabitants ; while that part of the produce of both, that is annually exported, and which we have now computed to amount to about 94 5784 /. 7 s. 6d. per annum, íhews both the wealth, and confequence of the colony. But though this be nearly the value of thofe commodities upon the fpot, they generally fell at a more advanced price in England, where they are chiefly imported, and have been computed to amount to 692104}. 13 s. 6 d. fler. annually, at a medium, for four years, ending in December 1751: this is equal to 9689467. 105. 102 d. Jamaica currency, itis however, fubje& to many expences, and upon an average, feldom . clears more than the prime coft. Let us next confider the foreign trade, and dif- burfements of the colony, | Xd os + G SECT. 18 T HE CIEVALD HLSTORY- $a 43 C UE. ul. Of the foreign Trade, Imports, and Revenues of Jamarica, HIS Ifland was a long time remarkable for its trade, and the great quantities of all forts of commodities that ufed to be imported there; nor was it extra- ordinary, while the neighbouring parts of the continent, and moft of the adja- cent fettlements were fupplied from thence: but though this branch of their exports has been but very inconfiderable of late years, and their imports confiderably dimi- ' nifhed on that occafion ; they are ftill very large, and frequently fupply the luxury, . rather than the wants of the community. To give a minute detail of every article ‘of thefe, would require a larger fcope, and more labour than we can at prefent be- ftow upon the fubject ; to give a fatisfactory account was my defign; and for this purpofe I have taken the following abftta& from the collectors books for the year 1752; which, I thought the moft natural and eafy method of communicating a juft notion of the foreign trade of that Ifland; and the more fo as the intercourfe of that year was deemed pretty moderate, and rather under the medium, having im- mediately fucceeded the hurricane in fifty one : and this I hope will be fufficient, as it contains not only ‘an eftimate of the number of veffels, with an account of the ports to which they belong, but likewife a general account of their loadings ; to which we have fubjoined a regular computation of the quantities and value of many of the principal commodities yearly imported there. eee ee TS s Veffels from Europe. “In the courfe of that year (and it is nearly the fame one year with another,) there were no lefs than forty capital fhips entered there directly from London ; the loading of which confifted chiefly of dry goods of Briti/h and Indian manufa&ures per cock- etts, wines, iron and copper-ware, refined fugars, tobacco-pipes, &c. Four from London and Cork, loaded chiefly with dry goods; and beef, pork, butter, tongues, herrings, &c. the produce of Ireland. Eight from London and Madera, whofe loading confifted chiefly of dry goods, and wines. Two from London, Cork, and Madera load- ed with dry goods, provifions, and wines. And one from London and Cape de Verds, with mules, aífes, camels, and Spani/h wines, all from the latter. From Br//o/ immediately. they had eight, loaded chiefly with dry goods of Bri- tijh and 4rz/5 manufactures, copper and iron ware, fhip chandlery ware,, bottled beer, cheefe, cyder and refined fugar. And fifteen from Briffoland Cork, with goods of the fame fort, and Irfb provifions. - En ERST ai | ‘There were no more than three fhips entered here immediately from Liverpool that year ; and thefe were loaded chiefly with manufactured mahogany and cottons, ale, cheefe, cyder, and potatoes: but they had feventeen from Liverpool and Ireland, loaded chiefly with provifions : and one from Liverpool and Madera, loaded chiefly with manufactured cottons, and the wines of the latter. They had but one veffel from Lancaffer directly ; and that loaded chiefly with cottons, and dry goods of a coarfe nature: and five from Lancaffer and Ireland, loaded with the like goods, and provifions. They had nine veffels from Hul, Plymouth, and the other out-ports of Eng- laud; of which two called at Madera. Thefe were principally loaded with dry goods per. cocketts, fhip chandlery ware, herrings, fhads, and a few wines from Madera. The fhips from Great Britain by the way of Africa, were not above twenty nine this year ; the importation of flaves being diminifhed from about nine thoufand, which DO OFT oJ tA MAD Gia. 19 which was nearly the medium before the war, to 6624, the number imported that year. | There were eleven other Englifh fhips entered here dire&lly from foreign ports in the courfe of this year; viz. from Madera, four with wines; from Cape de Ferds, ' three with mules, affes, camels, and Spani/h wines: from Bourdeaux, four in bal- laft ; and from Li/bon one, in ballaft alfo. | From the different parts of Scotland dire€tly, they had no more than five, and thefe loaded chiefly with dry goods, and herrings: there were two more entered from Scotland and Ireland, with dry goods, aad provifions : one from Scotland and Ma- dera, with dry goods, and wines: and one from Scotland and Philadelphia, with herrings, provifions, and lumber. : They had ten veffels dire&ly from the different parts of Ireland, whofe loading confifted chiefly of provifions, fuch as beef, butter, pork, tongues, and herrings, a few French wines and fome Jri/h linens: and one from Ireland and Madera, with provifions, and wines, -s ELLA dL zm c 2 " Tothefe we may add fifteen veffels more that entered here from Barbados, An- tigua, and the other windward iflands ; loaded with European end American goods, not in demand in thofe fettlements : and thefe will compleat the number of Euro- pean vefiels that traded to "famazca in the courfe of that year. I may now I hope, be allowed to make a recapitulation of them in the following order, w/z. From the different ports of England directly, From the different ports of England and Ireland, : — From England, Ireland and Madera, —— From England and Madera, ——— —— 13 From the different parts of England and Africa, ——— From England and Madera, loaded entirely at the latter, —— From England and Cape de Verds, loaded at the latter, ——— From England, France, and Lifbon in ballaft, --— —— From Ireland directly, | From Ireland and Madera, From Scotland directly, From Scotland and Ireland, ———— From Scotland, Madera and Philadelphia, — From the Windward Iflands, chiefly with European goods, — I5 Veffels from North America. The number of veffels that refort to this Ifland annually from the different parts of North America, is fill more confiderable ; but are feldom {o large, or loaded with goods of fo much value, though they generally import the moft ufeful and the moft neceflary: In the courfe of that year there were no lefs than 40 vefiels entered there from New York, loaded with flower, bread, beef, pork, hams, dried and pickled fifh, onions, apples, corn, peas, rice, foap, cheefe and candles; horfes, fheep, hogs, ducks, geefe and turkies; butter, lard, tallow, oil, pitch, tar and turpentine ; plank, boards, ftaves, hoops, heading, fhingles and bricks. From Bofon they had thirty three more ; twenty eight from Rhode land; eight from New London; eight from Pifcataway ; and feven from Salem: all loaded with the fame commodities. From Philadelphia they had forty two loaded with bread, flower, hams and gamons; iron in bars, bricks, lumber,- ftaves, hoops, heading and fhingles, &c. From Fir- ginia and Maryland feventeen, (of which one called at Madera) with pras flower, ‘bread, pork, bacon, foap, candles, tar and fhingles. And from fout ae rolina, C Á— j amanea s Los d ——— 20 4. 4 2 ——— IO I 5 2 2 Bo. THE'CTVIE.HIST-ORmRY Carolina, Georgia, and Cape Fair, they had thirty eight, whofe loading confifted chiefly of rice, leather, lumber, fhingles and tar. From the Iflands of Bermudas, Turk, and Providence, they had fix veffels load- ed chiefly with braziletto, turtle, falt, fifh, poultry, onions and building ftones. In all 230, fhips and fmaller veffels. | Veffels trading to tbe main. x s Although the trade, which formerly ufed to be fuccefsfully carried on with the neighbouring Spaniards, be now wholly loft; there are ftill a few, who venture more .or lefs upon the’ codaft, and among the Indians; though generally attended with great danger, and very little profit. The veffels from thofe parts, that entered in Jamaica in the courfe of that year, are as follows, viz. twenty three immedi- ately from different parts of the coaft, whofe loading confifted chiefly of mules, horfes, cacoa, and fome gold and filver fpecie: three from Hi/paniola, with mules, indigo, and a few wines (2) : nine from Curaffoa with mules: nine from the bay of Honduras with logwood : and five from the Mujkeeto fhore with mahogany, ce- .dar, logwood, cacoa and turtle. In all 49, {mall veffels. ; From Europe, — 189 From North America, ———— — 230 From the Coaft, and neighbouring Iflands, ——— 49 In all, 468 I am next to compute the value of fome of the principal commodities imported into this Ifland annually, and would have willingly gone through the whole, could the quantities er value of them be afcertained ; but this was impoffible where the greateft part of the imports pays no duties; and many principal articles are entered fo confufedly, that no juft calculation can be made either of their quantities or value ; for which reafon, we íhall now lay down only fuch as we have no reafon to doubt of. a ge The moft expenfive articles among the imports of Yamaica, are thofe imme- diately introduced from England: the value of thefe has been lately calculated, to be laid before the parliament, and on an exact computation for four years end- ing in December 1751, has been found at a medium, to amount to 2617287. ; s. fier. per annum, which, in that Ifland, would amount to 458924 7. 8 s. 9 d. currency, as goods are generally debited there. But, as we may reafonably fuppofe a fourth CCILailiCC part of thofe, at the moft moderate calculation, to be imported by the planters them- . íclves, and fubject to none of thofe extraordinary charges to which debited goods arc liable; I have computed the whole to amount to 431676 /. 8s. 34 d. currency, every year: to which we may add above feventy thoufand pounds, expended annually in England by the planters of Jamaica refiding there; and in the education of their outh. j n : New Negroes form the next article in value; and though the number of thefe be leflened by near a third part fince the beginning of the war, they now feldom amount to lefs than 23 5000 7. currency, per annum: the number of thefe imported in 1752, did not exceed 6624 ; but they begin to encreafe, and before the war, ge- merally were about gooo ata medium. — . Irifb provifions form another confiderable branch of the imports of Yamaica, and thefe in the year 1752, (and it is nearly the fame every year) were as follows, viz. 19921 barrels of beef, 4307+ barrels of pork, and 15876 firkins of butter; which a) The wines imported from that ifland are but few, and generally run, as they cannot be entered in the Cuftom-houfe ; they are commonly cordial wines, and much wanted there in fickly feafons ; there- fore overlooked. at - MSNA eT EC es Se PERT Th aM reer ENE een DIr c] A .MI A! D Ci; A. 2I at a medium will amount to about 874937. currency. -But allowing a confidera- ble part of thefe to be alfo imported by the planters themfelves, we may reafonably abate a fourth part of the extraordinary furcharges, which will reduce this fum to about 78309/. 175. per annum. l Madera wines make another confiderable article among the imports of this Ifland ; but this decreafes every day, and at this time, they feldom have above half the quan- tity that ufed to be formerly imported there ; for moft people make ufe of weak rum punch, which they find as wholefome, and generally more agreeable to their over- heated habits: of late years the importation of this commodity feldom exceeds 827 pipes per annum, at a medium, which at a moderate computation amount’ to about 26464 l. of that currency. | — . Thefe are the only commodities whofe value we could afcertain with certainty ; and thefe with the produce of North America, which we can hardly compute at lefs than 70, or 80000 /. per annum, make up the whole of the impon of that Ifland ; but the laft certainly fu rE i hes th e molt eceli y articles for a | r colony. " - I amrnext to give fome account of the public revenues of this Ifland: thefe have been very confiderable of late years, and raifed, partly by duties fettled for his Ma- jefty’s fervice; and partly by taxes impofed by temporary laws on the more preffing oc- cafions of the public. Thofe that have been fettled by ftanding laws for the immedi- ate fervice of the crown, amount to about fixteen thoufand pounds a year, and are raifed in the following manner, viz, : 1/, By duties on foreign wines and other fpirituous liquors ; on foreign indigo, cacoa, tobacco, cotton, and Engii/h refined fugars ; which at a medium for feven years, amount to about eleven thoufand pounds a year. 2dly, By the quit-rents of about one million, and five or fix hundred thoufand acres -~of land, that are already patented in that Ifland, and pay at the rate of a halfpenny per acre ; and the intere(t on quit-rent bonds at 10 fer cent. which amount to about four thoufand pounds currency fer annum, taken at a medium for feveral years. ` 3dly, By efcheats and cafualties, which feldom amountto lefs than one thoufand pounds more fer annum. | EE I ud | . 'The monies raifed by thefe means are paid into the Receiver General's office, whe is allowed 24 fer cent. upon receipt of them, and as much on paying them again ; by which difpofition he is deprived of the commiffions that would otherwife arife from the receipt of his commiffions, as well as the certain ntn of un- certain fervices. But his Majefty has been gracioufly pleafed to confent that thefe mo- nies fhould be always laid out in promoting the welfare and fecurity of the Iland, and in paying of the public officers, whofe falaries he was pleafed to confent fhould be regulated and appointed in the following manner, viz. _. ‘To the Governor for the time being 2500 /. per annum. UR ^. ‘To the Auditor General, 2024 10 s. per annum. ` To the Chief Juftice, 1207. per annum. | ` To the feveral Landwaiters, 120 7. per annum. "To the Captain of the train, 457. 12 s. 6d. per annum. — ! The other parts of the public revenues are {till more confiderable, and inftituted as a fund to fupply the immediate or more urgent neceflities of the colony ; they are indeed generally lodged in the hands of the Receiver General alfo; though the com- munity have ftill retained the liberty of appointing a commiffioner or receiver of thefe alone; whom, whoever he be, they gratify either with a ftated commiflion of 5 /. per cent.or an occafional falary, as they may think moft convenient; nor can any p thereof be appropriated or difpofed of without their confent and approbation. Thefe are raifed by certain impofts, regulated according to the public neceffities of the community, 22 THE GINILI HUES TORY community, and fettled fo as to fall chiefly upon the luxury, or neglect of the inhabitants. The difpofition, and manner of raifing them at prefent is as fol- lows, viz. 1/?, By duties on wine, rum, and other fpirituous liquors fold by retail, they raife about 8000 /, per annum, at a medium for the laft three years ; of which extraordinary tum the town of King/fon alone contributes about 1154. every week. 2dly, By a deficiency tax, or tax laid on fuch as do not keep and maintain a number of white fervants, proportioned to the number of their flaves and cattle. This tax was firft inftituted to promote the importation of white people; and to oblige every man of intereft to encourage them, both for the fafety and welfare of the colony ; but the negle& of the public on this occafion, now produces a fettled revenue of about 8o0o 7. a year, at a medium. | : gdhy, By an impoft of twenty, thirty, or forty fhillings per head, laid on imported Negroes, which feldom fails to amount to about 7500 7. per annum, at a medium. - "Thefe levies alone make up a revenue of about 235004. fer annum, which isal- ways employed to promote the public happinefs, and to encourage and reward in- Pis is. bar of i the NEHE for the time being, is generally complimented with an additional falary of 2500 7. a year ; and every officer in the regiment with an annual prefent: and it ferves alfo to give a decent encouragement to the new fet» tler, to relieve the diftreffed, and to promote the labours of the induftrious, S-"E::C CPC 3S Of the Inhabitants, Manner of living, and natural Curiafities Wei E 3 m 1n : of the Ifland. barbro Lords m gach basi Have hitherto laboured to give a clear and fatisfüctory idea of the Ifland of I Jamaica, with regard to its government, foil, revenues, produce and trade; and in this I hope I have fucceeded to the fatisfaction of every man who does not expecta volume on this fubject alone; I mut now endeavour to give fome. ac- count of its inhabitants, and I hope every confiderate perfon who obferves the me- thod I have hitherto followed, will not expect that 1 fhould: enter into any parti- cular details here : a general idea of the whole, is what I defigned to communicate; and the people in all countries, may be divided into claffes that have fome general uni- formity in their fentiments and actions, fufficient to conyey a very fatisfactory notion of that íort. The method. I thought natural in a. performance of this. kind, and have for that reafon, endeavoured to follow itin the difpofition of the fucceed- ing lines. | 7 » rho? the inhabitants of this Ifland; may be naturally enough diftinguifhed by their parent countries into Engli/h, Irifb, Scotch, and natives the defcendants of all. I.thall for the prefent deem them but one united people, whom. I fhall clafs into planters, fettlers, merchants, and dependents; the moft natural diftinétions to communicate a fatisfa&ory idea of the colony. : Many of the planters are men. of. very extraordinary fortunes, but the major part, though rich, and in eafy circumftances, are feldom out of debt; for the charges attending a fugar fettlement, are very confiderable, and conftant ; the intereft of money very high, and their natural propenfity. to increafe their poffeflions, conftantly engag- ing them. in new difburfements and contracts. They are generally men of a free and open difpofition, friendly where they take, honeft in their dealings, and punctual, when, the demands does.not exceed their ability, or a new purchafe engage the pro- duce of the year; they are obferved to beremarkably fond of grandeur and diftinc- tion, O Er § rA MIA/ I £C JA og tion, which, doubtlefs, proceeds from the general obfequioufnefs of their numerous flaves and dependents, as well as from the neceffity of keeping them at a diftance į which in time gains into a habit. Among thefe you frequently meet with nien of as good a tafte, as misch learning; and as well acquainted with the world, as may be met with in any part of Europe ; nor is it uncommon. to find thofe who, (though never out of the Hland) fhine in many parts of life, with as much delicacy and judgment, as if they had been bred in the moft polifhed. courts: -How foon thefe gentlemen might make the Ifland a wealthy and valuable fettlement by becoming, guardians of the public happinefs, füb- jecting the lands to the due, payment of nionies botrowed at an eafy intereft in Eg- vope, and becoming the. fureti¢s: of the induftrious and careful;: may be eafily obferv- ed; but alas! many.of them {eem, to think it-not their interéft to have the Mand * better fettled in thes own days, As: to the more amiable fex, there are but few of them befides the natives bens whoa are generally great lovers of decency and cleanlinefs, aig fprightly and g¢ : and lovers of mirth ; or does. - dbours of the heedle, or oeconomy; when ee take to ‘thofe nefi se i but many of them have been remarked both for their indolence, and the want of confideration ; which too often deters the gen- tlemen in thefe colonies from entering into the raithichonial ftate, wherein the moft engaging behaviour would be requifite to break them of thofe vicious habits; which they feldom, fail of, acquiring in the.more early ftate of manhood (a). The fettlers form another rank of people; that differs from: the forrher only inde: gree; they are generally {fuch as have fome foundation, though feldóm enough to complete a fettlement ; and for this reafon commonly above one balf of their eftates in debt, which they find no eafy matter. to difcharge, as t duce feldom either in quantity. or, quality at the, beginning ;; though: conflaritly attendéd with exa orbitant charges and expences; for the. lender of. monies: in thóf€ parts, is feldom faa tisfied with intereft alone ;..he muft: be. fa@or. for-the eftate; and fupply every thing that may be wanted at his. own. price ; he muft.difpofe of, the produce; andidraw the ufual commiffions, however, inconvenient) it. may be to the owner to fénd'it fo far tô market, who frequently meets with an: opportunity of difpofing of his effe&s at the next fhiping place ;. or. would. willingly fhip.them. for fome European’ market, and draw bills in. favour of his. creditor. for the neat, proceeds thereof; butan attempt of — this kind, would expofe him; to. the immediate rigour of the laws, and likely prove the ruin of his. growing hopes : his. gaotla; mutt, be fhiped on’ board of fome drover, | where they fe paying the ufual tri ' pilferage and w ae common expence “of freig pi ; tb hey mutt. be: landed at a certain wharf, v pay double centage ; they muft be coopered: aftefh ata certain expence, and re en a convenient opportunity. offers, to pay the charges and intereft; for they feldom reach the capital, until the. produce becomes very confiderable. The trading part of the people is. not. at this.time fo numerous, and may be na- turally, diftinguifhed into factors; merchants, and. pedlats: the former tranfact bu: finefs chiefly for European merchants,, and others that fuppl Ae n market with differs ent forts of commodities at. their own rifque ; as well as for the different planters} for whom they. may be: occafionally concerned ;; and: have a regular commiflion on the fale and.purchafe of every thing that paffes through their hands : thefe people are generally induftrious, and feldom fail. making. confiderable: fortunes when well be- friended, or. furnifhed with. money; which.n many of them do with a very fair cha: racter, while others, and indeed, the greater numbers, are obferved to lay hold of every. opportunity of ferving themfelyes. The merchants import their own goods; and run the rifque of the. markets ; but generally turn pedlars in the difpofal of them: i (a) What I mean by vicious habits, are their great attachments to Negroewomen p there being: but few — but what have feveral of’ thofe ladies very early in — i the s 0 THECA BM HIIS TORY the bufinefs was, indeed, beneficial while they could fupply the neighbouring’ mär- - kets, and export to advantage what would not anfwer fo well within the colony; but - every opportunity of this kind is now gone, and very few of them are obferved to rife ; for the principal planters are now fupplyed with every conveniency at their own rifque ; and the next clafs is entirely engrofled by the factors, who generally import fuch commodities as are commonly wanted at a plantation. But goods of all forts have been imported there in fuch abundance of late years, in expectation of fome foreign trade, that they have been frequently fold under the prime cofts. The dependents form a fourth claís, and not the leaft ufeful to the community; | it is conftituted of mechanics, clerks, and fervants of all forts, whofe ufeful in- duftry deferves encouragement, and adds to the public welfare in every foil; and moft of thefe that follow the more ufeful mechanical branches, as carpenters, coo- pers, bricklayers, millwrights, copperfmiths, and taylors, acquire very decent, if not ample fortunes; and are frequently raifed by an honeft induftry, fo far as to be confidered among the firft rank of people: clerks, when they behave with a pro- per attention to the. intereít of their employers, are ceu promere, and inter- efted in the bufinefs, in proportion as thefe :grow lefs active, and more fond of indulging themfelves ; nor does the vigilant fervant ever fail of gaining his mafter's efteem, who generally rewards his care with fome decent gratuity at the expiration -of his time. roi; lo «nen: ES | oa! To thofe we.may add the Negroes, as a fifth and more numerous clafs, who are now computed to be more than 120000 in number ; and by whofe labours arid'in- duftry almoft alone, the colony flourifheth, and its productions are cultivated and — manufactured. : BOS à ES fhort of thofe in the effential and neceffary | : rally commodious and decent, their dreffes neat and fimple, and their tables well fupplied with all forts of frefh provifions, as well as neceffary liquors: but the in- conveniency of carriage, and frequent fcarcity of flower among thofe that cannot . purchafe a confiderable quantity at a time, often oblige them to fubftitute plantains, eaflada, or yams, in the room of bread ; which, though not fo elegant, or agreeable to - ftrangers, is not much inferior in wholefomenefs or degree of nourifhment. The fervants in this colony are moftly Europeans, and indented for a certain num- ber of years; at the expiration of which, they are not only capable of providing decently for themfelves, but gencrally réceive fome gratuity that enables them to enter more eafily into life: Thefe people generally live in fmaller houfes built about ` the fugar works, that they may be in, or out, with greater conveniency in the crop- time : By the laws and cuftomsof the country they are allowed a certain quantity of falt beef, and flower, every month or quarter ;. and a proportionate quantity of fugar, and rum, to fupply them with drink ; but no ways reftrained in the ufe of the more l ; pres natural OF oJ A MATI € A 15 natural productions of the plantation, as plantains, yams, potatoes, caflada and greens, which they have in great abundance every where : they are obliged to be ac- tive and vigilant by day, and much expofed to the fun when their ftationis in the field ; but at nights their occupations vary with the employments of the feafon, for in plant- ing and weeding times, they can reft to the dawn of day ; but when the labours of the. year are to be collected in a fhort fpace, time becomes more precious, and they, like the induftrious flaves, frequently undreffed, are obliged to watch by fpells every night, and to engage with equal vigour in the toils of the day ; while the planter and the overfeer pafs the mid-night hours in interrupted flumbers, anxious to fecure the re- ward of their annual labours ; which, an unfeafonable guft of wind, or heavier rains, would undoubtedly deftroy, or a trifling accident retard : and happy is he, who at this feafon can have fervants, on whofe activity and inclinations he may depend; or whom health and vigour will allow to attend in perfon. _ The Negroes who conftitute the laft clafs of the inhabitants of this country, are, for the moft part, the property of the Whites; and bought and fold like every other commodity in the country, being always reckoned a part of their eftates either real or perfonal: they live in huts or {mall thatched cabbins, fuftained by crotchets, whofe interfpaces are laticed, and plaiftered or dawbed with clay ; thefe are difpofed in the form of villages, in proper places; and generally divided into two rooms, for the greater conveniency of the inhabitants,’ They are commonly allowed a few yards of blan- ket, or coarfe linens every year, which ferves to protect them a little from the cold in the more inclement feafons ; and keep them warm, and fecure from the open air, when fick: they generally provide themfelves with food in the country parts, and for this pur- pofe every planter fupplies his flaves witha rich and convenient piece of ground, where they are obliged to employ the Lord’s day, as well as the few dther hours (a) allowed ' them, both to ftock the ground and provide provifions for the following week ; and yet the produce of thefe few hours labour, is not only fufficient to fupply them with plenty in a feafonable year, but affords enough to furnifh the neighbouring markets alfo. Every plantation, however, is provided with a plantain-walk, and quantities of yams and corn, to fupply the new, and the infirm ; and to relieve the others in an unfeafonable year, or when their own. provifions fail. ! When we confider the inconveniencies under which thefe creatures labour, the toils they are obliged to undergo, the viciffitudes of heat and cold, to which they are expofed, and the groffnefs of their food in general; we ought not to be furprized if they had been ftill more flothful and fickly than they are commonly obferved to be ; or if the difeafes to which they are obnoxious, had differed more apparently from our own: thefe are indeed frequently of a peculiar nature, and require a confum- mate knowledge of fymptoms and diforders, to difcover the real fources of them ; yet the owners, whofe intereft depends chiefly on their welfare, will commit them to _the care of fome raw youth, or ignorant aflumer, that is hardly fkilled enough to breath a vein, or difpenfe a dofe of phyfic: but this proceeds more from ignorance -and vanity, than any real want of humanity ; for few of them are judges of phyfic, and each would be thought to have a doctor of his own; and thefe have inthe courfe of time, introduced fuch methods of practice in thofe colonies, that you may now frequent- ly obferve gentlemen of the firft confequence, to be vomited and bliftered to death in a yellow fever, and the ladies, poifoned with bark in verminous inflammations; while (a) In the country parts of this Ifland, every plantation Negroe is allowed a Saturday afternoon, or fome other afternoon in the wéek, to ftock and manure his particular patch of ground, which he gene- rally plants in caffada, yams, potatoes, Indian and Guinea corn ; and on Sunday they provide provifions for the enfuing week, and fend fome to market, to fupply themfelves with a little falt beef, pork or fifh, and alittle rum, which are the greateft dainties they can come at, unleísa cat, a rat, or dog fall in their way. It is true, many of them raife a few poultry, and other ftock ; but thefe they generally fell to enable them to purchafe fome decent as well as neceflary cloaths for their wives and themfelves. - I others 26 THE XE VAI Boe. Ss IO R Y others lie neglected in the eafy beginning of an undiftinguifhed remittent, until the diforder gains beyond relief. Et inde tantorum bominum fata. I fhall now endeavour to give fome account of fuch of the natural curiofities of this Ifland, as can't. be fo properly introduced in the following parts of the work ; which, tho’ but few, and not often noticed, feldom fail to raife both our attention and admiration, when duly confidered. The moft remarkable among thofe are, 1. The Water-fall in Mamee River, a little above Bull-Bay, in the parifh of Port-Royal. 2. The Cafcade, and, i 3. The Grotto; bothin the parifh of Sz. Annes, a. The Fogs in the parith of SZ.. Thomas in tbe Vale. We fhall now give fome account of each. The Water-fall, or Cataract in Mamee River, (one of thofe that takes its fource far back among the blue mountains, and by a moderate ftream, continues its agitated courfe by various windings, to thofe hills immediately above that fandy fhore within Bu/l-ay,) where, between two neighbouring rocky and barren hills, its waters have afudden fal) of near two hundred feet; whofe dire&ion is altered about the middle fpace, by the volume of a huge protending rock, that extends from the fide of the adjacent weftern precipice ; which divides and agitates the ftream with fuch violence, that the narrow fpace between the hills below, is filled with clouds and vapours, that reflect an admirable fucceflion of fhining Iris's, while the fun continues to dart its rays about the ftream ; and hence the foaming fluid continues its varioufly in- terrupted and divided courfe between thofe barren hills to the thirfty plain below ; not an ignoble reprefentation of Virgil's Amfanétius, | inci sisse: —— Ubi medio fub nubibus altis | Urgit utrumque latus montis, medioque fragofus, Dat fonitum faxis, et torto vertice torrens, Hic [pecus horrendum, &c. Virg. Lib. viii, 564, €. This place is rendered yet more romantic, by that fpacious cave that runs under the brow of the eaftern hill above the fall. monera i : The Cafcade is fill more curious, and lies in the courfe of that branch of Rio Alto, which, (after having made its way many miles under ground,) rifes a-new in the hills immediately above, and continues its courfe between roaring river planta- tion, and Mezd/ys Bogue, in Sz. Anne’s: to give a fatisfactory notion of this wonder- ful contrivance of nature, I muft firít inform the reader, that moft of the hills in that part of the Ifland are chiefly compofed of ftalactic matter, by whofe eafy fo- lution, all waters oozing through the rocks, are fo charged with particles of this na- ture, that they readily incruftate bodies depofited for any confiderable time in their more open and lefs agitated courfes ; and, as this river rifes at a confiderable diftance from, and above the level of the fea ; it runs down a more moderate declivity between the two adjacent hills, whofe intermediate {pace is in fome parts more, and in others lefs contracted : In one of thofe more extended fpaces, over which the river fpreads its rolling waves in its lefs rapid defcent, nature has planted a moft curious grove of anchovy pear-trees (4), whofe fpreading roots intercept the fhallow ftream in a thoufand different places and directions ; ftill inclining to, or receding from. each other, as chance or nature directs their growth: The water thus retarded, foon begins to depofite its weighty load, which time has form'd into thofe crufts and various fhelves, that advancing years pie ips into thofe beautiful banks, and gradual platforms, for which it is now fo much admired; and whofe natural beauty is fill inriched by (4) See the nature and growth of this tree among the vegetables, p fI thofe f T. eee eim ense A SPA A ICCDÓA S iy thofe fhady trees with which it is yet adorned, whofe falling progeny ftill helps to continue this admirable piece in a perfect ftate, and to raife new banks and wonders in the defcending ftream. | The Grotto, of which we are now refolved to give fome account, lies in the fame parifh, and about feven miles above the bay : It is fituated at the foot of a hill, under which it runs, by a gradual and oblique defcent, for the fpace of two or three hundred yards, and ferves as a conveyance for the waters that fall into the adjoining vale, in the rainy íeafons ; as well as a convenient habitation for batts, owls, and fculking negroes, in fairer weather. | Eft curvo anfraétu Caverna accommoda fraudi Nigrorumve dolis ; quam denfis frondibus atrum Urgit utrumque latus, tenuis qua femita ducit. Virg. After you país the narrow and woody path, that leads to this cave through the adjacent vale, you foon reach the opening of the grot, which is wide and free at the entrance ; but contracts as it recedes, and further back, is divided into a num- berlefs feries of caverns, and more regular fpaces, fuftained and adorned with a thoufand rifing, and defcending, or compleated pillars of flalaGites; which are formed of various crufts, that have been laid fucceffively by the waters that have dribled through the mountain after the more heavy rains of an uncertain feries of years: Thefe pillars rife and defcend in every part of the grotto, but are far more robuít and perfect backwards, where the waters, pafüng through the thicker beds, have been more abundantly charged with {parry particles, and lefs difturbed by the open and agitated air. i The fog that fo regularly obfcures the air in Sixteen mile Walk for a certain part of the day, has been remarked almoft from the firft fettlement of the Ifland ; and as it {till continues, ftill deferves our attention: the place, where it is obferved, is a plea- fant vale, fituated foutherly, at the foot of the main ridge or chain of mountains, and about the middle of the Ifland ; but furrounded by hills on all other fides. The foil is fertil, and the place well fupplied with fprings and rivulets, which fall into two principal channels that unite their ftreams a little lower, and continue their common courfe fouthwards between two rocky hills, and barren precipices, until they reach the plain below. This level {pace is almoft daily and duly overcaft with mitts, (c) that begin to rife with the approach of night, thicken as it advances, fpread gradually unto the neighbouring vales, is heavieft about the dawn of day, and con- tinues until the more active rays of the fun begin to warm and agitate the air: then it gradually rifes and expands ; and between the hours of eight and nine, begins to flow in two principal ftreams; the one weftward among the mountains and neigh- bouring vales, the other fouthward, and dire&ly over the courfe of the river, nntil it reaches, and vanifhes about the plains below : it is extremely thick in the morn- ing, and when viewed from the top or brow of any of the neighbouring mountains, looks like a perfect fea, whofe various arms and inlets are thoroughly reprefented by the neighbouring and adjoining vales. — . There are many other remarkable curiofities in this Ifland ; but as we treat of all the branches of Natural Hiftory in the following feries, we will endeavour to intro- duce them in their proper places ; and for the prefent, content ourfelves with having given fome idea of fuch as we could not fo conveniently introduce in any other part, nor chufe to omit. (c) See the courfe and nature of thofe mifts explained in our Differtation on the general and partial motions of the atmofphere. ` L V r : é S - bdo idm Midi à we cis ni oy udi iz san insi / que d giis: at Meon uh, soit. dus s. x E EL OE | is be E q" T * 25 fe ond 20. 2944 I HE CIVILadNATURAL LL i de I OR X. y 4 PIERNAS PAGO. CONTAIN ING, “An Ae obe ‘of the feveral natural Productions of that Ifland ; -diftributed into Orders, Claffes, and Genera, according to the moft natural Methods now known. In Thre BOOKS. The Firft, befides a circumftantial Account of the Foffils of the Ifland, their Ufes, and Properties ; ; with fome Remarks on its Waters, Ores, and Soil ; contains a new and eafy Method of clafüng native Foflils in general, with an Account of the Nature and Properties of each Clafs. The Second is a Hiftory of the vegetable Productions, claffed and diftributed, nearly according to the Linnean fyftem ; with the Characters of fuch as have not been hitherto known, or but imperiedtiy reprefented ; and the Ufes and Proper- ties of each. The Third gives an Aon of fuch Animals as we could obferve in, and about, that Ifland ; which I have alfo diftributed into Orders, Claffes and Genera, chiefly according to the Syftems of Linneus and Ardtedius, K inog l d BARED To Bodie viss bes A 2 oss 25 coitzsnoitt bas Sakti T. E eil S E Em vag eS te ae ERE ze. NPR) 87 v ne A | Gf EN Pe VO t eiuf Gyr T is not to be admired, that the fludy of Natural Hifory fbould have continued fo long neglected, and in confufion ; while yet the am means of relieving the id fick had been fought from particu- lar obfervations ; and they themfelves expofed in public places, to the view of every paffenger who, from bis own experience, might impart Jome doubtful means of relief. ‘Their prattitioners or phyficians then were only fucb as had gathered the inaccurate obfervations of the vul- gar, or feen, and followed the praétice of their fathers or relations of the fame profeffion : They, no doubt, were acquainted with the Simples then in ufe, their known virtues, and common appellations, which they had faithfully recorded ; and this was all that could be done for the improve- ment of Natural Hiftory in thofe early ages. But when the knowledge of phyfic became more general, and the profeffors of that fcience began to ye with each other z a more accurate knowledge of things fucceeded : and then it was obferved, that the nature of the machine altered in fome degree, with every age, fex, and climate; that the fame difeafes ap- peared different, in different conftitytions ,; and that different affettus’ s frequently put on tbe fame appearance for atime. Hence it became evi- dent, that the practice of. pfe required men of the greatef thought, and oft natural obfervation; who, befides thefe, foould be thoroughly acquaint- ed with the different affections, paris, firutture, and mec. hanif, of the human body. as well as the different materials, which the knowledge of nature, or peculiar obfervations, might have taught to be effetfual in altering the different unnatural difpoptions of the habit ; with their dofes, and manner of action, s The necefity of a thorough acquaintance with thefe things, put the lovers, and encouragers of phyfic, upon a more accurate fludy of the dif- : ferent xxxii P R BLAD U E ferent branches of the profefion ; particularlarly, that of Natural Hiftory, which feemed the mof intricate, and of the largefl feope ; and - that, from the knowledge of which alone, they were likely in time to obtain a more competent knowledge of the proper medicines to be ujed on every oc- cafon. But notwitbflanding the labours of many learned men, this branch of literature bad continued for a long time in confufion, ei- ther through the inaccuracy of the Antients, whofe defcriptions com- | municated but very faint refemblances z or the Rabies of [yftematical writing, into which the Authors of later ages had given without re- frraint : Thefe have however, gradually improved the defcriptions, and augmented the number of materials; and Tournefort, Ray, and the accurate Linneus, have» at length, reformed tbe whole, and ‘brought the method of ftudying Natural Hiftory, almoft to a perpe frandard s But though the labours of tbofe great men, have now rendered this Judy much more agreeable, and certain, thanit bas been hitherto; we fill want many. improvements, which a compleat and corre collectio ef the feveral produétions of the different parts of the world, with came tive beds. The conveniencies with which thefe laf fubflances alone, doth furnifb mankind, would be a fufficient inducement to engage a Na- turalifl in a difquifition of their primary flate and productions; but when We — g i E Ee 3 gy ks af Fr P JR GE FA Xo SE. XXXii! we refle£& on the many advantages that accrue to the world in general, from the different parts of the whole kingdom y or confider how much the different materials obtained from thence, contribute to tbe eafe and fatis- faction of human fociety ; we muft certainly think it a fiudy that ought to employ Jome part of the thoughts of almoft all forts and claffes of people : The Farmer and the Hufbandmanwould find their advantage alike inthe | Jffudy of earths and moulds, as well as of the different compofitions that may moft effectually brake the texture of them, or warm and inrich their chilly juices : tbe Miner would undoubtedly improve his fortune, by a more perfeti knowledge of the nature of ores, and their native beds ; the Lapidary and the Chemifl, [eem to profper alike in proportion. to their knowledge ; and how nece[Jarily it ought to engage the attention of the Phyfician, will -appear from a due confideration of the dif- ferent branches of his profeffion. But motwitbflanding all thefe al- lurements, the ftudy of this part of the creation, has been (until ` of late) almoft wholly negleéted ; or left to the improvement of thofe few, whofe bread depended more immediately on their acquaintance with fome of its produttions : and how little fuch people have fludied the nature of them, we may learn from the improvements made by men of the fame. clafs at this day. Learning however, in every tafle, has of late years met with its encouragers ; which induced many people to give more into this, and every other fort of ufeful knowledge, than they were wont, and could have formerly done : and the neceffity, as well as ufe of the infti- tution, obliged me to contribute what I bad obferved concerning the pro- duttions of this cla/s, in Jamaica. | This put me under a neceffity of examining the different fyflems that have been already publifbed upon the fubjett : and finding thofe to be ge- nerally confufed, or: inaccurate; and plan d, without a due regard to that order, which nature feems to preferve in the formation and diftri- bution of her productions: I have been induced to propofe the following form to the public, in which we begin with the moft fimple bodies now _abferved in nature, and proceed gradually to the moft compound ; placing every production. in that clafs, to which its common properties, and apparent qualities, fbew it to approach the neareh : and to render the method more generally ufeful ; I have brought it within a very nar- row compafs ; divided it into a few natural claffes; and diffributed the Species under their proper Genera, with tbe mof noted and appropri- ated appellations. To make the fludy eafy, and to render it mare uni- verfal, was my defign y which induced me to avoid a multiplicity of names, aswell as thofe that were uncommon, with equal care. Many, I muft acknowledge, have a better idi of compleating a thing A this xxxiv nh unu de USA AC WE. this kind , but their indolence, or want of inclination, prevents them from communicating their obfervations: and fuch as have already wrote upon the Jubjett, feem to have endeavoured to render it rather the fiudy of a man's life, than the amufement of a few leifure hours, for which alone I would propofe it. This accefary piece made it now ne- ceffary to divide this Book into two diftinét Chapters: the firft of thefe comprebends the whole of this new method; and in the fecond we give a particular account of the native Foffls of Jamaica, with remarks on Some of the moft ufeful Species. ; —— Et itum ef in vifiera terre, = Syafque recondiderat, fiygiifque a . Effdiuntur opes. — — e TAS, Ae PENA uil © vnus ; | | Ovip Metam. ^ E Meet Te SESSA e o a ù [ /357]U we Hey M Par oH: 5 CONTAINING, 6 Rain; A. EL dil CIVIL and PEERS HISTORY caf Mo o A new and eafy Method of claffing native Foffils; in which Pg are difpofed according to their concurring men A general View of the whole Method. Aqua varia, 2. riage ^ n inpr , Terrene w water. 1. Simpliciffima, pluvialis, & nivalis, wage and rm Water. — e| Salanativava- | pr MAFUM, o — | Sulphurata, fiv turalia. e Aqua: T 2 Po "Sul hareos s net i Metalica varia, tet, or fach as is changed wich metalic particles, ki E Valare «om primarium, 'The primary, or native | 6. Gather. aes a X vélicile 5 è. a a Sal 2. Morii, Fofi or fea-falt. 8. pon a Sara EP A ij Ply : yon nifas f Natratum., Natre. pois g. — s falt of bot-we m, pur Hir, The falino-fulphu- 1o. Vi iieys varium, Verein or M métilic falt. Napbta, Rock oil. : s. Pifa sfpbeles.. Native tar. . Succinum. m h * Sulphur. ur, F Ambr. a Am P reafe. ‘16. ‘Alpbaltum. a. E Lytbantrax * metalica o & minere va-|pblogifia natu-| ria, rigs I. Pyrites. Pyrite, 3: Marchafite. - ^ dt. MES" 5. Bifmutum. Bifmute. | - o LJ b terrea, | Terra 1j SA vx ‘ 3» Callimus. sens and eagle’ s nones, ke, 6. Arena. Sand po >n 4 4 1. Simplex, Earth, a ak f aes 3l por - 2. Schiftica, Slate-eatth. | 8 BSS). Takum. Tal re Rope: Ufbeftus. PH me bo Manii: S ggs = T. Talum., Tall. E 3 ES 3. Amiantus. Amiante, * 4. Ub Animal earth, 3 3 i 3. Cypfteo Gyple. k j va FE 4. Tricherium, j DREY i FAE u 15 5dfu.Slatejand " È s Afi ON ponp : 8 S 3 a š È 8 g fmooth grain `d ftones F ' ; s isai £u IX Tl adds = I. Sy T Cl 25-785 PEET- "n tes. Agat, DS 2. Sul. tersclay.| $ 2 4 3i 1 — T ge B3 | > Silex, a e S Argilla. | 3. Subpinguis fiis. Re-|'»823&8|^ Ter [Sv BEBE n Scrupus, P T S fining cla 3. > EP 3. Topaxeus, $- Q iir 5 4 Porpbirium. Pes S . Mixt Bri k lay. SSPss | + Qyartzum, Quar i É Lydiu. Touch iene. $ —QÀ clay E EE T À SPs p 6. Css. Grain-ftone, Š I. mes iguin and 5SsTSP i e RET - Y StalaGites.Stalaétites, "d i 25.288 EVE eS pin E mor, Marble. LI o . - b rt > $ = * |" o. » gd j Mus ? ems las — E wd d 1. Spütimi Spate È Tir g 3 Calcitarióii Lime - E d ^ vow E Tw d. EREL YO P Ptée-ftone. S a Ti mii, 52.38 5 RES Ese Vs Bodies of = i Ne a mor Purex, Pamm 4- Argillaria, Clay- ftones ces A = mixt and = De T c. Sabulum. ns N na SBC 236 THE N.ATUISAL HISTORY S 7h ees F De aquá, C ejus variis fpeciebus. . Of Water, and its -different Species. HIS fluid fhould undoubtedly be confidered as a native foffil, and defervedly accounted one of the moft powerful agents in all the works of nature: but we have great reafon to believe that it is folid in*the natural ftate, and reduced only by the action of the fun (a), to that form in which we generally obferve it. It is the natural diffolvent of falts, and the general vehicle whereby all growing fubftances receive their nourifhment, or matter of increafe ; but its other qualities depend chiefly on ‘its bed, or the particles with which it is charged: and the degree of efteem in which it ought to be held, when fimple, fhould be founded on its purity and lightnefs; as it does on the nature and action of the particlés with which it is impregnated, when ina morecompound fílate. . 4. s 2 A pO 5 We thall now difpofe the different forts of this fluid, under the following general heads, viz. |. E T — ATi ge 1°. Such as are pure, or the leaft tainted with heterogeneous particles. 1. Pluvialis. -| 2. Nivealis. AQUA Rain water. Snow water. Though thefe are the moft fimple ftates of this fluid, it is far from being pure in cither ; and we are now fatisfied, by diftillations, and other accurate experiments tried daily on this fübje& in its feveral habits and conditions, that we are not to expect it with- ‘out admixtures in any fhape ; for the air, into which it is raifed in the moft attenuated form, is charged with a multitude of other heterogeneous particles that mix with it even in that condition: and, though many of thefe may precipitate, when it changes to a folid ftate ; fuch as are nearly of the fame fpecific gravity, will ftill remain con- nected in the mafs. | II?. Such as are more heavily charged with terrene particles, 4. Calcaria. Calcarious water. 1. Fontana. Spring water. 2. Fluvial. 5. Petrificans. í 215 AQUA River water. Petrifying water. 4. Lacuftris. oo Water is moft commonly met with in thefe ftates, in all countries; but it differs in proportion to the quantity, as wellas quality of its admixtures, which muft na- turally vary with the depth, and nature of the the foil, in every region. III°, Such as are charged with falts of a terrene bafe. 1. Mar:na,€2 muria- | 3. Natrata. tica fontana. Natrous water. 7 Sea, and brackifh | 4. Cathartica. AQUA water. Epfom ; or other water, charged 2. Aluminofa. with purging falts. Aluminous water. (a) See the Memoirs of the Royal Academy 1711, and 15, Sur la Matiere du feu, Th c OTE ! f A AMIA I ACMA. 37 The waters of this clafs are very numerous as well as various; and difpofed here according to the nature of the falts they contain, on which alone both their virtues and operations do depend: they are generally diftinguifhed by the tafte, and the form of the cryftals of their falts. IV?. Such as are charged with a calcarious earth ; and a loofe fulphureous fubftance, whofe acid is more or lefs deeply engaged in that abforbent bafe. 1. Sulphburata tepida. 2. Sulphurata frigida. AQUA } Hot-well water. Cold fulphureous water. Thefe waters are frequent in moft parts of the world, and generally obferved to be the moft beneficial to mankind: they are diftinguifhed by the fmell, and the heat peculiar to moft of them, (nay to all at the firft fource) ; by the yellow tarnifh sy eb ners to all filver veffels ; and by the inflammability of the fediment they epolites. isi liu. eile ba cM ain Rape bed ria | | eile be mm T V°. Such as are impregnated with falts, or particles of a metelic nature. I. Vitriolica martialis. | 2. Vitriolica enea. AQUA } Ferruginous water. Copperifh water. Thefe are diftinguifhed by the nature of the particles they contain : thofe charged with fteel turn all aftringent infufions black ; and a light admixture of the fpirit of falt armoniac gives all folutions of copper, or waters impregnated therewith, a lovely blue colour; and agua fortis a green one. iii a mm 1T. De acido minerali primario, & [alibus variis : Of the native mineral Acid, and the different Salts. HOEVER obferves the natural conftitution of falts, efpecially thofe formed in open air, as nitre and vitriol; or confiders the operations of nature in Vulcano's and fulphur mines, will certainly allow the exiftence of a primary more fimple faline acid principle : which, according to the various bafes wherein it is lodg- ed, conftitutes thofe various falts we obferve in the world; and which we fhall now divide, according to the different nature of their bates, into the following claffes, viz. I°. Such as are of a fimple terrene, or calcarious fix'd bafe. 1. Fofilis. 3. Fontana. 2 i Rock falt. 2 Spring water fait. 1°. MU RIA h Marina. Ee oer - Sea falt. ; "Thefe are diftinguithed by their grateful fubacid tafte, and the cubico-hex- aedral figure of their cryftals. 1. Humi tenue. 2. Cryflalizatum. 2^. NITRUM } Native nitre. Nitre, or falt petre. dts i | ial i f the latter The firft of thefe falts is only ufed as a material in the manufacture o : which is diftinguifhed by its bitterifh acrid tafte, and great coldnefs upon the pa ; its eafy folubility, its explofive quality when joined with a phlogiftic, and by the octaedral and pointed columnar form of its npe the firft ipecitt is aif hes 38 T HE^ANOA IT H RAA L HISTORY native nitre, or falt petre ; the fecond, the fa&itious one, which is only the more acid and fticky parts of the other, engaged in a more fixed alkalious bafe, or matrix. 2. chiflicum. Allum, or common allum. I. Calcarium romanum. 3°. ALUMEN | Roman Allum. This falt is fufficiently characterifed by its agreeable ftiptic tafte, its foaming uM ity when pufhed by the fire, and by the octaedral form of its cryftals. 1. Fofile Ægyptium, mu- | 2. Tartaricum fofile, cryftalis 4^. NATRUM . rie accidens. compreffis. à The Egyptian Natie. |^ Tartarian Natre. Though we are fatisfied of the exiftence of this falt asa native foffil, we are but little acquainted with its mines or hiftory. It is diftinguifhed by its alkalifent nature and the oblong compreffed form of its cryftals. The Egyptian fort has.been in- troduced into the cabinets of the curious here, by the means of the Reverend Doctor Pocock ; it feems difpofed i in frata, and refembles the fea falt in tafte as well as . appearance. — ci. Epfonienfe. SE di ia Jalis ma- 5°. SAL Ca- Epfom falt. rini. | THARTICUM )2. Norbonenfe. Common Glauber French purging falt. — falts, This falt, tho’ a diftinét fort, and found natural in many parts of Europe, is fel- dom feen without a large admixture of fea falt, and fomething of the vitriolic: It is now chiefly obtained from the bittern of the former, and is diftinguifhed by its eafy folubility, and regenerative nature ; when puíbed by the fire, it {wells and foams like allum ; and the refiduum - mixed again with water, will in a fhort time reaflume its former cryftaline fhape and appearance, — | 1. Nativa fubviridisrudis | 2. Purgata diaphana. 6°.BORAX 5 Tinkal, or Tincar. .: | -Borax or Borace. This falt has been hitherto monopolized by a few people or focieties, who find it fo much their intereft to keep the knowledge of its fource and manufacture a fe- cret ; that we are to this day but little acquainted with either: It is diftinguifhed by its alkalifcency, difficult folution, flow fermentation when mixed with the Sones acids, and the truncated hexaedral and columar form of its cryftals. : 1. Subvolatileneu~ | 2. Florale five volatile alkalinum. -". AMONIACUM T trum. off. Native flowers of falt amoniac. Salt amoniac. : 3 This falt is found in both thefe ftates naturally ; and feems always to retain fome- thing of the difpofition peculiar to the animal kingdom ; or to have gone through a deal of attrition and continued heat, to render it fo volatile. It is diftinguifhed by its coldnefs and pungency upon the palate, its great volatility, and the branched form of its cryftals. 1. Fugax bber moria. 8°, HALCRIPTIUM i The falino-fulphureous falt of hot well-waters, Though we are certain of the exiftence of this falt, and pretty well acquainted with its nature and manner of ation; we are as yet unacquainted with its form, as its more fixed parts are the only that could be hitherto brought under a proper ex- amination, II?. Such AE. XO a BD MU c z mor vr Er ei ELE "^ sg sie apa qoe O dDHpOASLMhATIAGC Avy 39 II?. Such as have a metalic bafe, and are chiefly made up of metalic fubftances. I. Ferri viride. 3. Album zinchi. Green vitriol, or falt White vitriol. VITRIOLUM of fteel. 4a Albidum plumbi. 2. Ceruleum eris... Sugar of lead. Blue and roman vitriol. | 5. Rubrum. Though thefe metallic falts go by the general name of vitriol ; they are extreamly different in their appearance, as well as nature, and properties: the firft fort is dif- tinguifhed by the black colour it communicates to all the. aftringent infufions and juices of Vegetables. The fecond, by the blue colour its folution, or the waters im- pregnated with its falts or particles, do acquire, when mixed with any volatile falt. The third, by the whitenefs of its folution in aqua fortis; and the fourth, by the milky colour it communicates to common water. [have {een :a fpecimen of the red fort {fome years ago in the repofitory of the royal;garden at Paris, but do not remember of what peculiar matrix it was thought to be. — en: CT Altho’ thefe metals be the common matrix’s of fuch falts; they often vary, and you'll fometimes find the whiteto contain a quantity of tin or copper; while the blue is mixed with fteel, or the green with either: The cryftals of the firft fort are of an octaedral form ; thofe of the blue, decaedral ; and the white, columnar and $ 7 I pointed. S. E € baiza cold. | «De phlogifto minerali, & bituminibus variis. - Of the mineral Phlogiftic, and the various bituminous Subftances. i HAT there is a principle of this kind in every province of nature, is evi- dently feen by the fat of animals, the oil of vegetables, and our fubterra- neous fires : and hence, I think it is on that the following bituminous fub- ftances muft neceffarily proceed from fach a fource, varioufly: combined with other fubftances; but more or lefs engaged, according to the. mature and difpofition of the admixture. We have divided. the productions of this clafs under the moft natural and convenient genera, and ranged them in the following order, viz. I9. Such as have the leaft admixture of heterogeneous particles, and ftill retain their native fluidity in fome degree. ed € 1. levis pellucida, wea vel citrina. 1 NABH As 2l dekai oinei bas |. This is found in great abundance both in Egypt and Perfa ; it is naturally light and tranfparent, but of a pale or citron colour. — . s 1. Fufcum Barbadienfe. | | rur). 2+ Obfcure bruneum Scotia O Laiecarhie, 7 PISSASPHALTUM Scotch tar, iade | 3. Tenax nigrum. Foffil pitch. Thefe phlogiftic fubftances are much of a kind with the foregoing, but greatly _charged with terrene, or other hetrogeneous particles: “They are generally opake, of a dirty appearance, and moderately fluid. 3 H*. Such i THE NAITAU MAL HIS DO R Y II?. Such as we find in a folid form, with a wes admixture of faline rada and a moderate portion òf earth. | ! I. Diapbanum citrinum, fen ve ` D pent Succinum officinarum. ` | angi Yellow amber. Though I am fatisfied that this body has been once a fofter vegetable fubftance, hardened by time, and a long continuance under ground ; and, only in fucceffion of years, fo remarkably impregnated with the mineral acid * I have been induced to give it'a place among the native Foffils, on account of its peculiar electrical: quality, and the concreated form of its falts; as well as its fingular nature, and common bed. 1. Nudum diaphanum. |: 3« Subviride folidum. 2 | | -Tranfparent fulphur. | ~~ Brimftone. 2°, SULPHUR ( 2. Farinaceum flavum. 4: Florale, five Jores naturalis d efe ees eem erates 51! l ulpburis Native ree df. folghur., Thefe two genera Of bitumens. ats T impregnated with falts, are very different both in nature and appearance. ‘The amber is diftinguifhed by its agreea- ble fmell, electric quality, fubacid grateful volatile falt, and more difficult folubility. The fulphur is of another nature, flows with a more eafy heat, and fublimates into flowers when pufhed ; but when expofed to the more vigorous action of the fire, yields a vaft quantity (a) of an acrid or corrófive acid. The native flowers differ but little from thofe\obtained by art; they are, however, more pure and fhining, and found in the natural. ftate about. moft hot baths, where the heat is any thing confiderable near the furface : they are formed into hollow cones, and appear, in fomie meafure, as if made up of {mall cryftals, irregularly difpofed in the mafs, the exa& refemblance of. a ar ke pue of a more E luftre and yellow colour. | : III?. Such as died amore buit: sre tal of terrene parie with few falts ; and are found in a folid form. | ) Grifea agin” clare uniformi. ` Ambergreafe. — 1°. AMBRA ^ Subfufca, levis et. variegata, Englifh amber, or brown bitumen. roe ; Mr. Baker has a piece of this laft fubftance among his curious collection of Foffils: Both the fmell and appearance oblige me to pee itinthisclaf. 2^. ASPHALTUM $" ee T This is a light, folid, inflammable fubftance; of a black celour, and fhining when frefh broke : It has a faint fmell, and breaks with equal eafe in all directions ; but of no apparent grain. It melts very cafi ily, and is a principal ingredient in all the varnifhes now ufed by the engravers. P 1. Schifli nitens ns friabilis atra, 97, Lcx 2. Solida. nigra nuda. Jett L3. Marmoris Je (a) Sulphur yields about fourteen ounces in the pound, Thefe p a EE x: ^: P ed wens Bani NU UE D LR 3 pe ET AUTE OTE FUA Mad T CHA. 4I Thefe are inflamable íubítances of a coarfer fort ; they are generally heavy, black, and folid, with a very large admixture of earth, and a more grofs fulphureous matter: The Jett feems to have fomething of a woody grain, and is generally found in detached meffes ; but is fo like the other fpecies, that I do not think proper to fepa- rate it from them; though they are always more fhining, and found in continued ftrata. IV°. Such as havea large admixture of earth, with fome micaceus and metallic particles, and a great quantity of mundick, and other volatile acrid parts. I. Subnudum arfenicale micaceum, aureo fplendens, five Auripigmentum off. 1°. AURIPIGMENTUM Common orpiment. 2. Cinereo-carulefcens, micans. Blue orpiment. . iii as The orpiment is a glittering inflamable-fabftance, that has fomething of the ap- pearance of mica : it is foluble in oil, and fufible in a moderate heat ; but when puthed by a ftrong fire, yields a great quantity of acrid volatile particles, with a difagreeable fharp {mell. ` : Yellow Sandarack. 2. Album fragmentis planis. White Sandarack. Ua. Album fragmentis convexis. The Sandarack is an inflamable Fofül fubftance of a plain uniform ftru&ure, and compact texture: It isfoluble in oil, and burns with a whitifh flame, and no- xious fmell. I. Equale nudum fubflavefcens. 2°, ZARNICUM | 8 E- € AJ. | i De terra metalica, & mineris variis : Of the metalic Earth, and various. mineral Subftances. " RISUS ETUR in nature, and that very different from “HAT there is a principle : re, and that very M the other forts of earth (of which we are refolved to give fome account here- > Yr after), is evident from the refult of thofe mineral fubftances that are daily tortured by the fire, and the acid (a) ; as well as from their apparent qualities in a more per- fe& ftate. But, as it is feldom found without a large admixture of the phlogiftic, I thought it moft natural to place the productions of ‘this clafs immediately after the foregoing ; and to difpofe them fo, that thofe which partake moft of that. principle, may ftand foremoft in the clafs. " ee A Cad 2 | The following feems to be the moft natural diftribution of the productions of this kind, viz. 1°. Such as have a large admixture of fulphureous particles, with (ome mundick or orpiment, connected in a grofs metalic, and clayey bafe; having all the appearance of a metalic ore, but not productive of any. — E 1. Scintillans ferreus amorpbos. 15,PYRITES , Ja. Ferre cupreus matrice deliquefcenti. | 1; S.N. „Pyrite. 3. Ferreo cupreus matrice vitrefcenti. ai 4. Ferreo cupreus matrice apyré. = 7 (a) Thefe bodies in general, however their texture and compofition may feem altered by the fire, or the acid ; are eafily reftored to their primitive ftates by the addition of a phlogiftick, and a due degree E N e i^ T HIÁANATURAE AIS-TOR Y The Pyrite is a mineral fubftance of a moderately fixt nature: it is inflamable in fome degree, but not fufible ; of an irregular form, foliaceous texture, and fparkling appearance. It is found in large irregular mafies, and naturally forms whole frata. I. Tetraedicus; vel ocfaedricus. 2^. ipsios lad 2. Hexaedricus, vel dodecaedricus. arghafiét. 3+ Hemifphericus, vel globofus. The Marchafite is a mineral fubftance of a fixt, terrene, and metalic nature, with an admixture of fulphureous particles: it is inflamable in. fome degree, but not fufible; and generally found fhooting into regular forms, putting on the ap- pearance of opake cryítals. | : II?. Such as have a large admixture of the phlogiftic connected in a more pure metalic bafe; and are inflamable in fome degree as well as fufible, but not malleable, 1. Cryflali-forme. 2. Schifli lenticularis atri. — dE s vd 3. Rude fubgrijeum, granulis fubceeruleffentibus micans. Unde 15, COBAL TUM Cobalt, and its pre- parations common- ly called arfenic 1°. Arfenicum nudum album; 2°. Nudum flavum ; |. 3°. Nudum rufefcens. S The red, white, and yellow arfenic. . This metalic fubftance is generally hard, and of a blackifh-gray colour; it is fu- fible, and naturally volatile when pufhed by a ftrong fire: its glafs is blue, its fo- lution in aqua fortis, redifh ; and its regulus of a teflulated appearance, and dark co- - lour: it is the true ore of our arfenic’s, which owe their different colours to the dif- ferent methods of preparing them. dis I, Fibris capillaribus fparfis. 2. Striatum. 3. Cryftallizatum. 4. Rubrum. 5. Fabris Spatum intercuffantibus. . Antimony is generally hard, and very heavy in its natural ftate : it is diftinguifhed by the ftriated texture, and the filver colour of its regulus, which frequently holds in the ore: it fhews a good deal of volatility when pufhed by a ftrong fire, and its more fixt parts turn into a purple glafs. Its folution in aqua regia is yellow, and: mafs, when puíhed by fire, grows red before it melts. TUS 4*.BISMU TUM fr. Nudum. | gon Bifmut. 2. Albo-flavefcenti micans. patie Bifmut is known by its whitifh pale colour, and the teffulated appearance of its regulus. Its glafs is brown ; its folution in aqua fortis red ; and the mafs commonly kindles before it melts in the fire, 22, STIBIUM Antimony. L. S. N. (1. Canum galina intertextum. 4*. ZINCUM ! 2. Micaceum fubteffulatum nigrum. L. RM Zinck. 1 3. Micaceum rubicundum inquinans, = a L4- Terrefre. This mineral fubftance is well known by the bluifh-white colour of its metal ; it is moderately hard, and malleable in a fmall degree, but apt to crack ; its folution in ’ aqua CAM a m omens C. gy Scere POET eo Ps tn OPIN) AAMCATU C Ai. g aqua fortis is white; and the maís melts before it grows red in the fire : its fumes are white and fleecy. IH?. Such as have a very large.admixture of the phlogiftic, intimately blended with a more pure metallic bafe: and are, both fufible and malleable. c — . Intraétabile cryftallizatum. Intraétabile, lamellis nitidis tranfverfe flriatis. Intractabile, particulis cubicis nitidis. IntraGabile, fibris planiufculis, centralibus candidis, vel rubris. Intraétabile rubrum, punctis planiufculis. > 1°. FERRUM 2 MN BU | | Bos. e magnet.» A . Retraétorium folidum. | 3. Retractorium particulis impalpabslibus fquamofis, arem, i Quad on. CoN] 9 10. Retraétorium marmoris. Lil. Retracfortum pyritofum. — Iron is eafily known by its gray colour, malleability, hardnefs and elafticity. It bears a fine polifh, though apt to ruft ; and gives fire freely with all the harder pro- duétions of the argillaceous kind ;. its ores. are. eafily diftinguifhed by.their ocre, and the black tin&ure they communicate. to all.the. aftringent infufions or juices of ve- getables : the metal grows red before it melts in the fire, : 3 f1. Cryflallis pyramidatis irregularibus nigris, ` | 2. Cryflallis columnaribus nigris, / 3- Cryflallis teffulatis rubicundis. LL, S.N 2°, STANNUM, Tin. 4. Informe, rufo nigrefcens. 5. Saxi. L6. Spati. (1. Nudum informe. |]. 7. Ceruleum, | e Nudum cryflallizatum. ` | 8. Viride. - |3. Precipitatum. |] 9. Quartzefum ceruleum. 3°. CORRUM 4 4. Cryflallizatum diapbanum | 10. Piriticofum fulvum. RPE 9} ouk ceruleum. ` 11, Schifiz, | 5. Cinereum. 12. Cotts, ` 6. Purpurafcens, | Copper is generally of a- lively brown. colour, and a fonoraus cohefive nature: it is eafily diftinguifhed in every ftate, by the blue tin&ture it communicates to all vo- latile fpirits ; its glafs and folution in aqua fortis are both green. (1. Nudum. ; 2. Submalleabile. o . Nitri fpatofi utrinque truncati. 4 or 4 ; M cubicis. L. S. N. i 5. Maffulis cubicis nigris. | i | 6. Informe, particulis occultis. L7. Striatum © fublamellatum, nitens, Lead ia STHE DA TAU RN AAL (H 1 8 TOO R Y Lead is eafily known by its livid- colour, malleability, foftnefs, and the dead- nefs of its found : its glafs is yellow, and folution in aqua fortis aqueous, IV°. Such as are of a more uniform texture, and. perfect. nature ; and not fubject to ruft, or to be confumed by fire: but!ifaltered;:in fome degree, by acids or a more intenfe heat, may be foon reftored to their natural ftates i. any fenfible lof. (1. Nudum vartum. Subvitreum, malleabile. Diaphauum lazellofum. . E S. N -` zUbidùm informe fragile. ET Rubefceus polyeitron slant um. 6. Obfcurum. This metal is eafily known = its whitenefs, weight, . _malleability, duality, and found. It is not apt to ruft, or wafte & in the GE its p Is redifh, its ruft black, and 19. ARGENTUM Silver. ' i oe tae "its folution in aqua fortis white... sse isi ism — ' e Natam. “gr : 2^. HYDRARGYRUM 2. Rubrum iteh. ET | | L.S. N Quick fi E wine 3. Rubrum ple ts | Statt de mercury: 4. Petrofum 5 Quickfilver is eafily known by its weight, ‘volatility, fluidity, and filver colour = its folution is white, and its calx red ; and though it mixes eafily, and intimately with: many fubftances ; after it is apparently loft in them, a little fire, and fometimes oil, will reftore it to its native forme 3^. PLATINA T ‘Subgrifea Sriabilis. = cee ee | — Platine. (4 ^ Thegrey platiné ore: ~ The ore of this metal is of a dark gray colour, and friable ; it is of a fixt nature, and not fubject to ruft, or tobe deftroyed by fire: it blends very intimately with all other metals, efpecially with gold ; and is is next to it in fpecifick weight. Iti is T folved only in aqua regia. à i o ~ (1. Nudum pos ' LE gum 5 E UM | 2. Nudum minere. L S: Ni i 3. Nudum x ACA ILE Gold is the heavieft, and moft. du&ile metal we have yet known; it i is naturally of a fine yellow colour, foft, malleable, and not fonorous, nor apt to’ ruft, or wafte . in the fire: its folution in aqua regia (the only menftruum that diffolves it) is yel- low, and its glafs violet. It is remarkable, that, fon putting fome ether into a phial with the folution of this metal, and fhaking the mixture ; the gold om the heavy acid pen Rrenin, and siis wier the lighter fluid at the top. SWE C T. © FF. ip AMINT © ZA. 45 SE CD y De terra fimplici & foffilibus terreis. Of fimple Earth, and the more compound Bodies of a terrene Nature, HIS has been generally thought to be the firft principle of all bodies, but how juftly I will not undertake to determine : It will be fufficient in this place to remark, that many fubftances of this appearance are now obferved in the world ; and that thefe, upon a ftri examination, are found not only different in ap- pearance, but in qualities alfo. Nor is it lefs remarkable, that the moft compound bodies obferved in the compofition of our globe, do retain the fame nature and qualities with thofe more fimple fubftances ; for which reafon we thall now difpofe them varioufly with the different matrixes, from whence their general properties ícem to {hew them derived: I muft however remark, that this kind alone appears to be the chicf, and almoft the only pabulum, or fixed principle of vegetable, as well as animal fubftances, which is fufficiently apparent from the final reduction of both. What we diftinguifh here by the name of fimple earth, in its moft natural ftates, feems to be compofed of fall, fmooth particles flightly coherent; and readily difunited in water. It does not ferment with acids in any ftate, and generally grows lefs cohefive by fire. I have difpofed the moft fimple productions of this kind in the two following claffes, viz. I? Such as are merely foffil, and have not yet gone through any change. "fr. Fufea fimplex., a4. Subpinguis. Mould. Bole, and Fullers earth. 2. Subcrocea fimplex. 5. Schiftica. TERRA . Red earth. Barren, or {chiftic earth. 3. Flava fimplex. 6. Varie mixta. R -Yellow earth. | | Loam. II?. Such as have undergone fome change, and ftill retain fomething of the na- ture and difpofition of the productions from which they are returned. Thefe are ge- _ nerally of a more open and broken texture, and of a more pure nature when tho- roughly reduced, and alone. — . 05 co >o a cr. Humofamigra. (3. Paludofa & humofa varia. TERRA Black mould. Dung and mud. 2. Humofa radicibus in- | 4. Fimofa. | tertexta. Turf. - The remains of animals. The productions of this nature that approach the neareft to the fimple ftate, feem to be thofe that are tranfparent, or nearly fo; and may be confidered as the effect of a particular fluor of this kind, which, for the prefent we fhall call fuor pellucidus terrefiris: and that fuch a thing is very apparent in nature, and the cement of a number of bodies, is evident from the peculiar qualitits of the whole clafs, fo appa- rent in many of them, the productions of which are obferved to elude the action of acids in every ftate; and never to give fire with fteel, or to grow harder in the fire. The productions of this clafg are. à E i 1°, TALCUM Go THE-NA TURA LE HISTORY Izing glafs. 2. Diaphanum lamellis crafforibus rbombeis. : Scaliola. [ B Particulis ad angulum acutum firiatis. 19. TALCUM I. Diaphanum lamellis tenuiffimis. Talk. | s $ uradit- um ji ns 4- Frbris' radiatis-é centro radiantibus. L. S. N. Talk is generally tranfparent, and though compofed of. many laminæ, yield: an eafy paflage to the rays of light: the productions of this kind are. always fiffile into horizontal and tranfparent flakes ; and bear the. action of the acid in every! ‘ftate with eafe, but yield more or lefs, though never perfectly to the fire. | 'r. Pellucidum decaedro rbambeum. 2^. aa pete .2. Pellucidum triquetrum, ad fummum pyramidatum. pple. .3. Pellucidum pentagonum, ad fummum: pyramidatum. The Gypfe isnot only tranfparent,. but is commonly found of fome regular form, approaching upon the rliomboide. ‘Tc yields readily to the fire, but does not ferment with acids in any ftate. There are other productions of this nature that hire ftill more compound and o pake; t and though, generally, of no firm cohefion, feldom yield to the fire, but never to the acid: when pure and alone: it is not, however, uncommon to find them mixed with a foreign fluor, or other particles on which you may obferve the fire, or the acid, to adt: occafionally. I íhall range the fpecies of this clafsin the following order, vig. £1. Parficulzs impalpabilibus argenteis. comica- į [2 Particulis impalpalilibus aureis. day ceni en E Particulis fuamofit fparfis, | : 4. Particulis fubprifmaticisintercuffantibus: | L. S. N. | 5. Solida nigra fuperficie atro glabra. The mica is a terrene fubftance of a fparkling appearance, and feemingly cómpofed of thin, fmooth, fubdiaphane and íquamofe particles: the productions of this kind are feldom of any firm texture, though they bear the action of the fire and the acid with equal eafe.. ael : | f; Solidiufeulus V 2°. cone 2. Solidiufculus flexilis.. x L. S. N. fboflos. | à» Membranaceus. flexilis. — | ; f 3" AMIANTUS B Fibris angulatis rigidis opacis. DOEN Amiante $ 3. Fibris fragilibus diaphanis, . 8. N. 1. Fibris fubdiaphanis oblique difpofitis. 4°, TRICHERIUM E Fibris longitudinalibus fubdiaphanis. 3 3. Pibris radiatis fubdiaphanis. The x x ^ TON TEE ee OFI iy AAMATIAG A 47 * he Tricherium refembles the Amiantus both in the difpofition and appearance of -a fibres, or general texture; but it yields eafily to the fire, though never to the acid. lox . Clangofus à nigro ceerulefcens. | . Ater, feriptura varia, 5°. SCHISTUS 3- Friabilis nigricans. The flate, hone,, 4. Cinereus folidiufculus. fcriptura cana. and dead ftone..| 5. Priabilis fragmentis angulatis fubquadratis. 6. Subcinereus, S fubcaruleus, varius, The Hone. ance; it is generally found in flakes h perpendicularly alfo; and is frequently 9.284 Gs VI. De argilld & argillaceis. | Of Clay, and clayey Subftances. HE ftickey nature of the clay does fufficiently fhew it a peculiar kind, and intirely diftin& from both the foregoing and the following: it is naturally (tiff and vifcid, nor does it diflolve in water but with difficulty: it hardens in the fire, and when pufhed with a ftrong heat, turns into a ftony or vitrefcent mafs. The pro- ductions of this clafs, when concreted into a folid form, give fire freely with fteel, and generally bear a fine polifh ; but are never injured either by the acid, or a moderate degree of heat. | f Its moft diftinguifhed kinds are the . (1. Teffulata, | 3. Arena mixta. ARGILLA | Potters clay. — | Brickclay. >> [mixte Clay, | 2. Subpinguis fifilis. © 4. derrá € fabul varie | : zd V “The Refiners day. ~ | —Clayey foil, — | compofition ; and the moft fimple among them feem to be thofe that fhew themfelves in a tranfparent folid form, which we likewife conclude to be the effect of a pe- culiar tranfparent fluor of this nature: and that fuch a fubftance exifts every where in our globe, is evident from the various appearance of cryftals and. flint, as well as from the different frata in pebbles, &c. _ | EL The vitrefcent quality of thofe productions, probably, proceeds from the. plaftick nature of the argilla; and the igniferous, from their native hardnefs, The principal productions of this clafs are, * "1. Conico cylindracea utrinque attenuata, : cc D Needle cryftal. - "$i x 2. Columnaris utrinque pyramidata. 3. Columnaris ad fummum pyramidata. 19. CRYSTALLUS) 4. Utrinque pyramidata columná nullá predita. — 20 Cryfiat. 5. Ad fummum pyramidata columnd nullá predita. : 6. Sub-rotunda, fuperficie fcabro. Pebble cryftal. : 7, Informis rupeftris aquea. Rock cryftal, The 3: THE NATURAL HIS POR Y The productions of this kind are fo apt to vary, more or lefs, from the common forms, that they have been divided almoft into as many Genus's as there are diftinct Species, and far beyond what nature feems to require. They are eafily known by their hardnefs, tranfparency, and regular forms ; and obíerved to bear the action. of the acid with eafe ; and to elude the force of moderate fires. : l1. Soldifima aquea. i i A diamond. 2°, ADAMAS 2. Pellucidifiima, e rubro-flammea. Diamond. A rubee. - € s , ; 3. Pellucidiffima cerulea colore fugaci. L A faphire. . Thefe tranfparent and figured ftones are eafily known by their fuperior hardnefs and luftre : they elude the force of the fire and the acid with equal .eafe, tho’ the laft fort is fometimes obferved to lofe its colour when pufbed by the fire. PT Flavus. ` | The topaz. 5. Viridis. : " Fulvus. — The fmaragdine. The hyacinth, 6. E viridi ceruleus. o : : y m T 3. Ruber. The beryl, or feagreen, Pe The garnet. | 7. Niger. 4. Purpureus. The morion. i The amethift. The productions of this kind approach very near the diamonds, both in beauty and luftre; and elude the force of acids with equal. eafe ; but do not bear the action of the fire fo well, though they ftill retain the general properties of the clafs. ^ Cryftal fand. 2. Diaphanum albidum. | Quartz-ftones. | I. _Arenaceum vitrariorum. 4°, QUARTZUM | | 3. Diaphanum parafiticum albidum., Quartz. : The Quartz is generally very hard and tranfparent ; but not fo regular in its form, or of any beautiful luftre; it is of a vitrefcent nature ; gives fire with fteel, and bears the action of the acid with eafe.- The more compound and opake bodies of this nature come next in order, and are remarkable for their fuperior hardnefs and fine grain: They feem to be formed chiefly of the vitrefcent fluor, debafed by a lefs agitated or divided clay, We fhall difpofe the productions of this clafs under the following Genera, viz. . Subdiaphanus albidus minute undulatus. Subdiaphanus varie coloratus, cruflatus. N = gath. « Subdiapbanus exalbidus. A cornelian. . 1°, ACHATES |? A ac Rifirns. IE ó igath, A fardonix. RISE i Albefeens punétis rubris, OTF if & MAU 2C- Ao i ! Gemina Stephani Latinis. 7. Subdiaphanus cinereo nebulofus. A chalcedony, e, ì^, ACHATES - Subdiaphanus firatis variegatis Agate. . The onyx. | 9. Colores profitu mutans. - The opal. 10. Virefcens radians: The oculus cati, oo Thee ftones art tanfaret i in {fome degree ; of a fmooth fhining furface when Polen and generally clouded with different colours difpofed varioufly in the mafs: Acer all the qualities peculiar to the clafs with ped to the fteel, the fire and thé acid | i 7 wale te NC wt ve jme or fite-ffone. 2. Subfufcus unicolar. °, SILEX } Flint. - du de Unicolor ruber. GONE .Blood-ftone. , 4. Unicolor viridis. "The green blood-ftone. LS: Stratis Variis. Flint is commonly opake ; but when reduced into thin plátes, it becomés more or lefs tranfparent: it is generally of a fine grain, and uniform colour ; ; but is fome- times found divided by foreign re It is Starved of all fizes, and remarkable for its vitrefcency. 3". diens 2. Varie et pulcherrime nebulato-variegatus. eie The Egyptian and: Bobemian pebles. The productions:of this ‘kind, are generally found in ímall. detached. maf- fes ; and feem to be principally compofed of the vitrefcent fluor debafed with a finer clay, and fome ctallic, or x p c gui: they are of no determined figure or re- e,^but may be eafily known by their fine grain, fmooth ind ge. cha- f Leni nitens, gres Jubrotundis. racters Vene to this das. 1. Columnare nigrum Hibernia. _ The Giant’s caufeway ftone. 2. Viride maculis minoribus albis variegatum. The green porp! 3. Rabais maculis LE ids variegatum, The red porphiry. 4. Subcinereum maculis majoribus diftinétis variegatum. |. The plumb pudding ftone. P iry is eafily diftinguifhed by its great hardnefs, and uniform though fpotted Phd it is found in large E — a fine polifh, and anfwers all the other characters natural to the clafs. i ^49. PORPHIRIUM " e o 5°. LYDIUM go THE NATURAL HISTORY ^ 3v Subplumbeum, vel wgricant. o] The touch-ftone. 8*. LYDIUM 2. Subgrifeum, vel SANN. Touch-flone, \ The thunderbolt-ftone, | 3. Atro-ceruleum A 4. Subceruleum Japtis divifun. The Touch-ftone is not of fo fmooth a grain, nor capable of fo fine a polifh as either the peble or the porphiry ; nor does it yet run’ into an open rough grain: it is very hard, gre i god with fteel, and eludes the action of the acid, and the fire ith eafe. ee Yi Solidiufcula; particulis pellucidis arenofis equalibus.. 2. Salidiufcula, particulis arenofis quartzofis inaqualibus.. 3. Solidiufcula horizontalis, fuperficie undata, particulis 6°.COS majoribus arenofis. Grain -flo a Mill-ftone. j à Ae Saidiyfinia ge porofa aquam franfnittens 5. Pianis yon gherf Grinding-ftones. The ftones of this kind are eafily known by their. hardnefs and granulated appear- ance: they give fire with fteel, and elude the action of the acid with eafe; nor do they ever fail to anfwer the characters of the clafs in regard to the fire, though their more open texture expofes them to ts augmented action. Meeks dao Vile De margá e? margaceis. DF Marl, ‘and the : more compound oe of a mary. Nature. HOEVER has obferved the eafe ‘wherewith the different productions of this clafs, yield to both the acid and the fire ; and how readily they are, in fome ftates, difunited by water ;. will certainly allow them to be very different in their nature from thofe of the other claffes.. The fubftances of this kind are feldom of a very ftrong texture, though frequently of a fine pore and fmooth grain : they fer- ment with acids in every ftate, and feem to be the Dae of moft of the terrene falts, but never do give fire with fteel. = — A The moft "Hm Bodies of this fort, are. I?. Such as have not yet gone through any change ; but remain in that lefs cohe- five form, in which they are naturally obferved in tbe bowels of the NC 1 J M Al RG A fas ow id. |e 2 g. up Jriabilis. £ Chalk. . The Marl, like tlie earth. and: clay, appears to: have. its various degrees of admixture and compofition ; and thefe ftill feem to approach the neareft to the fimple ftate that - fhew themfelves in a tranfparent form, or nearly fo; and may be confidered asthe more immediate produce of fome fluor of this nature, which we fhall now call fuor pellucidus calcarius ; the real exiftence of.which is, I think, evident from the va- rious ftates and appearances of many productions of this fort, that are daily met with in OF BiH] A.M ATi Q AT. ga in every part of the world ; as well as from the admixtures, feptz, and cements of the fame kind, frequently obferved in many of the other productions. The following genus fcem to comprize the principal appearances of this kind, 1. Album diaphanum particulis rbombeis compr efis: 2. Pellucidum varie cryflallizatum. 3. Pellucidum objeéta duplicans. Iceland cryftal. SPATUM 4. pie trifariam imbricatum. Spate, or Spar. A peus iMd i 7. Lapideum phofphorans Jübpellucidum. 8. Gypfeum angulare SS cine ut 9. Gypleum cuneiforme fubpelluc 10. 0. Ruf re fpe S fberylalisatun "The Spar is always tranfpare TK l fhooting into regular figi güres of an oblong, rho Boda, or xc cus which always divide and fabdivide à into {maller pieces of the fame figure before they yield intirely to the fire, It is moft fre- quently found in the fiffures of rocks, and then is chiefly compofed of rhomboidal fragments clofely cemented together. But it is often obferved in large mafies, and fometimes forming whole /rata ; or fhooting into regular cryftalline figures of a pointed or pyramidical form : itis eafily known by its tranfparency, and the crack- ling noife that attends its feparation in the fire; and is obferved to yield eafily to all acids of force. The more compound fubftances of this nature are very numerous ; and always an- fwer the peculiar character of the matrix from whence we fuppofe them originally derived. The moft noted genus's of the kind are, 1. Cretaceus cruftatus. The ftalagmite. | 2. Marmoreus tunicato-cruflaceus Lors nitrofo. The Stalactite. 3. Marmoreus ramofus. | 4. Marmoreus albidus varie Pendens. | 5. Subdiaphanus marmoreus. | ud V6, Subfujfcus i eretacea obduciuus. 15: The Stalactite f een to be but a meer ^ fry, or. felenetic matter, varioufly debated with a lefs agitated marly fubftance: it is generally of a glittering appearance, and many of the fpecies take a fine polifh; but all the forts yield with great eafe to both the fire andthe acid... 1°. STALACTITES Stalaétite. ts Vari Void € maculatum, maculis majoribus, 2. Variegatum, & ii Mie i run varietates funt. 2^, MARMOR 1. Parius, album: 2. gifles, flavum: 3. Ver- Marble, -> dello, viride > 4. Lucullum, nigrum: 5. Numidi- cum, rufum : 6. Venetum, cinereum: 7. Africa- nüm, maculatum album: 8. Canarienfe, nigrum: 9. Lacedemonium, viride: yo. Lefbium, m ud rafiens: 11. Porta Pog luteum : 12, P zonis variis, 2? ` MARMOR MISSOURI BOTANICAL ~ 1 i KF GARDEN. THR NAIT/UR AAL iH 1 8 TOR Y Mb ` op Concaceum figuris variis zatértextum. 2^. M [os 5 $. Nigrum albo & rubello variegatum, gk The Kz/kenny marble. The. marble is a {tone of great beauty, and fine grain ; bears a good polifh, and appears with a brightnefs fuperior to moft of the other productions of the clafs : it is found in large mafles feemingly compofed of {mall feparate concretions of various colours and forms, mixed, as it were in a folution of felenitic matter, which always appears more or lefs tranfparent about them, Its texture is deftroyed equally both by the fire and the acid. 52 2. Latteum, particulis fere impalpabilibus. Jamaica marble. 3. Ginereum & fubgrifeum rude ; particulis groffis. Lime-ftones are found in great abundance in moft countries ; and feem to keep a medium between the marble and the grain or free-ftones. They are commonly impregnated much with fmall felenetic cryftals, and eafily known by their more or lefs fhining furfaces, and the eafe with which they yield to both the acid and the BE sm 3^. CALCITARIUM Lime- [lone. f: Rufefcens, felenitide flriatum. ! (1. Mollior albida particulis fere impalpabilibus. 3515 f The Free-ftone of "Jamaica and Antigua. 4°. SIMPLEXIA |2. Moeller & levior nivea, particulis arenofis confertis. The Free-ftone. The Bermudas free-ftone. 3: Guerea particulis arenofis equalibus. Portland ftone. The free-ftone is generally of a plain uniform ftructure, and granulated texture > it fplits with equal facility in all dire&ions, and is very eafily broke when firft taken out of its native bed, but hardens foon in the more open air; it yields equally to both the fire and the acid. | S- E eT MIL De produttionibus nonnullis prioribus non proprie fubsiciendss. Of different productions which can’t be fo conveniently placed under xU. sy a: the- foregoing: Claffes:or:Genesast ou) onisu oc T WE difpofe the more mixed and uncertain productions of the mineral king- dom in this clafs: for the frequent appearance of them in collections as wellas in the courfe of nature, would not admit me to.pafs them over in filence ; nor their uncertain difpofitions, forms and mixtures, allow that they fhould be ranged among the foregoing. $ We fhall difpofe them in the following order, viz. pa AES i I. Plumbagineus vuleaniarum. | 1°, PUMEX ` J2. Pyrite cinereus. Pumax of. _Pummy. -~ . ) 3. Varius minerahum, ons eso 4. Ater vegetabilium. | | The different forts of pumice are only the productions of fire; and conftituted of the {maller particles of more fixed tetrene bodies; agitated by heat, and raifed with the fumes, and other more volatile particles, with which they might have been linked or .conneéted. | 29. TA- O e OF “J AEM F I 53 I. Thermarum. 2. Lebet a7 TO EHUS -)3. Anima LR s gage An con Thefe are mere cilcarious Cont L9 ca có one ORF Rr ha the inter- pofition of fome flimy matter, 1. Bmbrione aquée. H 2. Embrione Ry? eren libero. | Geodes vulgo. « 3. Embrione cryflalli adnato. $5. Aldd MER 4 pe one lapideo libero., " Tt zoe ià m mor. one eR po adhato, | adt) tl 7 T Sr fo 54 Bid dri sponds picatus f Spid S4 len line id, uia e fixo. 1 Rn TR Jin Aq. . di (riu i ae f^ ik E 3o noig A sty! v “Under this antient a 3mm we dipoe all thofe tunicated maftes formuchsno-: ticed in: the Todd" Wilco holez ^of hollows. bt: «whether! filled with a! lob) riu- cleus of any, denomination, or made > up, of. contiguous, or feparate mins ; np ni 19 éen flew bas. gaiak at to flora ban T: iss A ARGILLA ait bie aros evil o! bsvi3ldo exawls oyad L doidw ; mÀ dioxisds ani 195 gillaria as clay y ma iid with favi; "or ‘fihaller! pebles;: ; =f errata into "thie et ON à fc ofter ftone B | ‘the’ co Salihit heat then, Həd £53) ther; 'afid' and 9 M— mo oifture :. Iheíe, w Sh MIR x E , Hold’ firfily t A" 9j ad sil: form very afefal bars to many p potty an pid fs maS titer ne , CETT » £ ALJ E TO VlIgi29q!5 edhe cuompolsey diiw 3a9up21 t of sin ped "SABULUM - x "Yarn. i Di dia ; ra to i ii 915 2191$w 35 rit ad r Gr ael. - 1 ThE. Vor dow aL: 12245(t11 : 5341 131791 1 "v o Ai © 25i? a -nihisi is: sarily a-coarfer gowdq in specs ents of à all the pe oe apto ra Fificelof the M etr c i DN RW silt n sac 190 - SOAT hort: sveri tai pe eias ow os esiti q t olintor fT itt & Bt c $ nic} lo Jit F. "(f ^a o T3 hí Hv 19V11 Ee E) " dis hora aes villaup ; Sie Wg 23i gd? GO po $ orn a msi Lon : 193 a sm d ai 3i clit EY 4bp ly ufed iri yis manufacture oF AaB, GE A an wé have: applied if psi more Pin ars ab the Tregoi fübftances ;^'which; like the gravel, takes its fpecific denomination Hom” the- moft' predominant fort : But when) all the with the other productions of the perl ero pee a SERE PRESE rau e did e hc quais = Nayland tothe gels oa ae eee P EW vits HIWS alt bar . iud rik k Tov cgi ta ! $) g SINIT 343041 redi Gier bos r 4^3 ^ e: - e Mil nogu boot J3 eri pre E i Tétii 10 p lg ag H T agr ji Sx HINI R dii V moii babriioxo aldik 4 e& iig es In vod T eläk: 299 v iio eslaitusg iod dos aries age 728 ng 016 Yr x * T o di Biba: | ba ed a Gikk. .motslody nu Drs vvcsd | Kom Sr am chiw bseicdo ssa as f Eu deci aca n : PP im, 2555o0?& thle sherds M (ONG ni z125w onilsl wol aid ow amr [^r nET off? encina aiflid ads 3o Yau925A. wo 25d fy) [ 54 ] LM. A. Pal | Of the native Foffils of JAMAICA. SM C. T. sk Of F. aters ~ HO UGH this Ifland in general be very mountainous, and every where raifed above the level of the fea; no part of the world can be better fupplied with water: but it is not reafonable to expect that it fhould be often pure, where the action of the fun is fo great ; and the foil, in every part, impregnated with flire o maalit fabdaneeniu coils 15 Stodiib-sw.-aoiitiiscas Ion | 11 I hall divide the waters of this Iland in general, into the following claffes, vz. I°. Such as are charged more or lefs with terrene, or calcarious particles. ^ Of this fort I find moft of the fpring and well waters, efpecially thofe in, and about King- fion; which I have always obferved to have a further admixture of fome faline par- ticles: thefe, however, of the neighbouring marfhes feern to be better than the reft, and to fpring from a higher fource ; they are generally lefs charged ‘with the marine falt, not fo heavy in their nature, and much better fupplied with air. The fprings in the other parts of the Ifland are much of the fame nature, but generally more impregnated with calcarious earth ; efpecially on the north fide, where intruftations and ftalactites are fo frequent. 3 — : The river waters are alfo of this kind, and every where rémárkable forthe quan- tities of terrene matter with which they are charged, or impregnated ;' nor can they be expected to be-found otherwife, where the rapidity of their motion, and conftant warmth, help mutually to charge them with every foreign matter`that happens to lie in their way: 1 do not, however, think them to be impregnated fo much with metalic particles as we commonly fuppofe ; for I have tried thofe -of Spanifh-town river with a large admixture of {pirit of falt amoniac, to little purpofe; and from thence conclude, that its purging quality proceeds rather from the clay, with which it is fo copioufly charged : and this I am the more induced to think, 1°. Be- caufe it lofes this quality when fettled, and cleared of its load; which would hardly - be the cafe, if it did proceed from the falts, or folution of metals. 2°, Becaufe ma- i ny other waters of the fame appearance, have the like qualities, though mot. Td ‘pected to be any ways impregnated with metalic fubftances. | | II°. Such as are charged with the falts and particles of vegetables, as well as ter- rene fubftances. SS eee te a ee All the ftagnating waters of Jamaica aré much of this ature“ and’ née ‘only charged with the more minute parts(4) of aquatic plants, but abound likewife with a numberlefs feries of animalcules, or fmall infects, that feed upon the diluted . particles of thofe vegetables. They are as much as poffible excluded from all oeconomic ufes, and indeed defervedly ; for they are generally obferved to be both heavy and unwholefome. : III?. Such as are charged with faline particles. | E There are but few faline waters in Yamaica, except thofe that proceed immedi- (a) See our Account of the Piftia among the Plants. i ately ately. from the fea, and cover the falina's, or fill the lower ponds: but of thefe, they have a great variety ; and they afford them many conveniencies for making falt, if the fcarcity, or value of that commodity had tendered it worth their labour. We alío find fome brackifh fprings and rivulets in this Ifland, which feem to take their faline qualities from their beds, or the peculiar ftate of the earth through which they run; thefe are fufficient to fatisfy us that there are falt mines in this place; but they are not yet difcovered, and probably, lie too deep to be of any fervice to the publick in cafe they were known. IV?. Such as are charged with fulphureous particles. There are many fources of this nature in famaica; but the moft remarkable among them feem be thofe in St. Thomas's in the Eaft, Vere, and Portland. In the firít of thefe parifhes, we find two very confiderable fprings, which are now the moft in efteem, and generally ufed by the inhabitants: one of thefe is hot, the other cold: the hot fpring runs by many rills out of the fide of the rocky cleft that confines the middle part of the-Sulphur-river- to the Eaft, as it. runs towards the fouth ; it is very hot at the fource, naturally light, and plentifully charged with voa latile particles, which appear to be but the vapours of the true mineral acid, linked with a light fulphureous fteam ; and thefe flightly engaged in a calcarious bafe, feem to conftitute thofe falino-fulphureous falts wherewith thefe waters are now known to be principally charged ; and on which alone thofe excellent qualities, for which they are defervedly noted, muft depend. They are remarkably beneficial in all capillary obítructions, and diforders of the breaft proceeding from weaknefs, or want of the proper glandular fecretions ; in all lentors and vifcidities proceeding from the flothful- nefs, or inaction of the folid fyftem ; in confumptions ; and in nervous fpafms, and weaknefles. Itreftores the appetite, and ufual action of the vifcera, invigorates the circulation, warms the juices, opens the fkin, and urinary paffages, ftrengthens the nerves, and feldom fails to procure an eafy fleep at night. The cold fuphureous water is more grofs, and more abundantly charged with a loofe heavy fulphur, whence both its offenfive fmell, and inflammable fediment ; but it is more effectual in all cutaneous diforders, and obftinate obftructions of the vifcera, as well as in the fcurvy, and all the other difpofitions of our juices, that require ftrong lixivious diffolvents. Rm RORIS IT d Of Sal. — HE native falts of this Ifland are but few, and thefe the moft ufeful ; but are feldom manufactured by the inhabitants, who have them imported at a cheap- er rate than they could be wile within the colony, while labour is fo dear. _ They are as follows, i D %, gol s sd Marina. 1, MURIA Sea. falt. All the Salina's of this Ifland are lightly overfpread with this falt; which may be manufactured here in great quantities, and to great perfection, had labour been lefs expenfive: It is an agreeable ftimulant and antifeptic. -. 15 ame Um Fontana. 2°.MURIA ) Spring water falt. 6 THE NATURAL HISTORY The brackith waters of. DU are remarkably charged with filt, Bio HOP HEL ly. . impregnated ; itis the fame. with. that obtained from the fca water, both in form and qualities p : Foffilis. | e ce ne j Rock-falt. "The braciifh waters of that Ifland convince me, that there is a foffil or. sorte Be in fome part of the ground, though none has been yet difcovered ; but if it (houid be found in a convenient place, it might prove very ferviceable as itis an agtecabie manure for all {tiff and clayey lands, | } Humi; Florid, or native nitre. NITRUM This falt is very common about all the ftone and brick houfes ih Sfamazca ; ane cially thofe, whofe gnottac has. be n worked. up with. falt; or. brack sith .waterss, It flowers in fuch upon the walls ; and deftroys all. the. cloaths, or: paints, that are placed near it: sepa cobling and antifeptic galije, of this falt are AEAN, —— to — bodya: | Thermarum. es e id HALCRIPT IUM 4 The no hiphireois falts of hot well waters. ph falt is only known by its effects, and action : It is of a mixt kind, and its.con- ftituent parts are eafily feparated ; its nature and qualities are MM in our ace count of the Tot well waters. | biu bogies v "x ug c Eu it Bake cow's! m Je | OF Sulphureous Bodies. Dio cob grifta adorata. Ay MER A j Ambergreafe. The Ambergreafe is rarely met with in Jamaica at this time, though it is faid to have been found frequently on that coaft in former times. It is both an agreeable perfume, and a grateful nervous medicine. _Friabile ae & (cre punt ges "LAM N Of P mi | "The “foun p pite is Moe x yh ERE po from fome parts of the main conti- nent, where it is found in great abundance: It is the principal ingredient 1 in i the beft varnifhes that are now ufed by our engravers. Aureo fplendens. MAREHASITES ] Yellow mundick. ift d julvi : This fpina aliance i is largely. mixed with moft at the copper ores now find in Jamaica, and d frequently obferved to run in peculiar veins among the more- mellow matrixes, | ! 3 “$s i CT. OO UEMEERMTUNUMUUM E N E Y OTF 15 A AMI AIAC A 57 o E «5 eee IV. Of metalic Subflances. STIBIUM We frequently meet with fome of this metalic fubftance in, and about the lead mines of Liguanee ; but it is not made any ufe of here, though well known to be not only an eafy alterant, and fudorific, in the fimple ftate ; but a fource from whence we are now: fuüpplied with ‘many very active and valuable medicinés: the’ prin- cipal preparations made :of this mineral are the calx antimonii diapboretica ; calx antimonii fale animali divifa. & attenuata, vulgo, James's powder ; crocus- meta- lorum ; kermes minerafis ; fie 9; vitrum antimonit; tartar emeticum ; gutte emetice ; and the various regulus’s. — But befides its ufes in medicine, it is frequently employed in refining fome of the more perfect metals. Strzatum nitens. Striated antimony. m | Argentium granulato-micaceum. 1°. PLUMBUM } The faBeraivolated lead ore. This ore is very tich, of a fhining filver gray colour, and lamellated texture ; but the particles appear. very. {mall when the mafs is broke in a crofs direction : It is richly impregnated with filver, which renders the folution of it in aqua fortis milky ; but is not found in any regular bodied veins, which obliged the Gentlemen who had been engaged in the lead works of Ligwanee (where this ore is had in the greateft abundance) to drop the undertaking, after they had been at a great expence in build- ing a very compleat and curious fet of works; and carried on the manufacture for Íometime. | The ore ftands a confiderable time in agua fortis before the fermentation rifes to any height, but it gradually throws up a confiderable quantity of fulphur, which, in colour and general properties, feem to anfwer the characters of the common fort ; and I doubt, if' fome of the fulphureous fprings found in that Ifland do not derive their qualities from this fource, efpecially as no iron ores have been yet obferved there. . The mechanical ufes of this metal, are too well known to need any mention here ; pernicious to the nerves; and fuch as work at it in any ftate, feldom efcape its dif- mal effects, which feem to affect the bowels. more immediately ; but this is com- monly followed by a.paralitic weaknefs. of the limbs, and a general refolution of the whole nervous fyftem, if neglected: It is not immediate in its action, and feldom affects for fome months after the firft application; but is fure to communicate the lurking poifon in fome degree with continuance: its calx, and precipitate, are ufed in plaifters, and frequently ferviceable to ftupify the nerves, and lull the íharp, or twichy pains fo peculiar to ícalds and cancerous ulcers: its falts, or vitriol, is a fine aftringent, and frequently ufed in inflammations and defluxions of the eyes; butall inward application is both dangerous and imprudent; nor can any thing befides an exceflive /fimulus to—, and the threatening ruin of a family, from fuch a fource, au- thorize the admunpiflration: aa n s uet . The other remarkable appearances of the lead ores of Jamaica are thefe following, Argenteum lamellulatum. The lamellated fhining lead ore. 29. PLUMBUM 1 R POT ss THE NATURAL HISTORY This is found with the former, and anfwers nearly as well in all the trials I have made: it is not of fo fhining an appearance, and its thin laminz are difpofed more like thofe of talk. 3°. PLUMBUM Nigrum æneo fubnitens. This is found with the other fpecies, and commonly linked with a copper ore: when firft broke it appears fhining, but tarpifhes very foon ; it is not much impreg- nated with filver. 4°. PLUMBUM of Liguanee, CUPRUM (Apes h | | U Nigrum Schifli, The black lead ore. This ore is largely admixed with copper, and feldom rich; but the matrix is mel- low, and eafily fluxed: It is found with the foregoing forts in the lower mountains al N " WO w 2 os » Viride’S fubplumbeum in matrice fchiftofa. ia Se The green and livid c Plumbeo-eneum fubnitens. The fhining dark copper ore. . Ceruleumin fibiflo molli. The blue opake copper ore. Firide © fufcum fubmtidum leve. The light green and dark copper ore. Subviride in fchifto fpatofo. The greenifh ore intermixed with fpate. Viride pyriticofum, — A green copper ore in a Viride © caruleum fub | MICACED» The green ahd blue ores in a fparry matrix. itical matrix. apbannm in matrice fpatofo- . Viride ceruleum B diaphanum in lapide fragili obfcuro. "The blue and green ores with fome fparks of the labis lazuli. P | . Viride © fubviride, fpatofum atque pyriticofum, in matrice nigricanti fragili fecundifimd. The greenifh ores in a rich blackith {chift. See? dark porous ore with frnall fhining micaceous icles. . Subviride in matrice fpatofo-Jaxed. The greenifh ore in a {parry and ftony matrix. . Subviride in matrice fubnitido fufco © cinereo bolari, The dark green ore ina bolar gloffey matrix. . Fufcum in faxo cinereo & fubmicaceo. The dark ore mixed in a whitifh and fubmicaceous ftone. . Plumbeo cinerefcens, fubnitidum eguale, The even coloured livid copper ore. Thefe are the moft remarkable appearances of the copper ores of Yamaica, and no part of the world can abound more with fuch productions. The firft and fecond fpecies, are the richeft we have yet difcovered there; and thefe are thought to be equal eaan O Fi [A MIA BE A. 59 equal to fome of thofe that are efteemed of the firft clafs in Europe; nor undefery- edly ; for the matrix in which they are engaged, is of a foft and yielding nature, and anfwers both the hammer, and the fire, with equal eafe. I have examined a few lumps of that near Sir Sz» Clar&es, which abounds. more with the /apis lazuli ; and found it both rich and mellow, but as they have not yet dug any depth in the ground, it is not poffible to know how the veins may turn out: the mine at Mr. Anderfon’s feems to be the moft conveniently fituated, both for wood and water, as well as carriage ; and not inferior to any in the quality of its ore; but that honeft man frequently miftakes the bad for the good, and íhews a piece of mundick, which he obtains with difficulty from the hardened rock, for fine ore, while the rich and mellow mattix is thrown heedlefly afide; and, I doubt not, but it is the cafe with many others, who may be as little acquainted with the nature and appearances of metalic fubftances. I admire that fome of thofe gentlemen who have advanced fo far in their refearches after filver, did not pufh their induftry a little further, and endeavour to extract gold from fome of thofe; in which they were likely to prove more fuccefsful where copper is fo much ufed at every plantation (a). Befides the mechanical ufes of this tnetal, which are too well known to need any mention here: it is fometimes applied for the relief of difordered habits, and not “undefervedly efteemed one of the moft powerful remedies in fuch dropfies as proceed from the weaknefs of the lymphatics, or a general languor of the íolid fyftem ; in which cafes it feldom fails to prove an excellent diuretic, and ftrengthener: there is a falt and a tincture eafily extracted from it by every volatile fpirit, that may be given on thefe occafions ; and its vitriol and ruft are found to be the moft effe&tual deterfives and cleanfers.of foul fores.in thofe fultry parts, where the furface of the body is too much relaxed for the common applications to be effectual. But this fubítance of its own: nature is rather prejudicial to the machine, and frequently puts on the appearance of poifon in;its operation, for which reafon it always requires to be adminiftered with caution. . It affords fome beautiful blue's and green's that are daily ufed with fuccefs in painting ; but the diforders which limners, and engrav- ers, generally impute to this mineral, feem to arife rather from the agua fortis, and the other ingredients that paf daily through their hands, than from any of the dila- teróns dus OPE ADONIS GUE Gt mwon bm :5idirmaw bsv:ssb Yo comi As To GOLD AND SILVER Orgs, none were yet difcovered in this Ifland, except what has been found mixed with the lead ores of Liguanee, which was not fufficient e defray the charges Of the m " 3 MU. 2I ALLE DIIJUOT: ‘as ofthe inanpfaétine Nea quld eves And aay ponhiderable marks of iron, either in this or the other fugar colonies: black fand, it is true, is at- tracted by the magnet, but does not anfwer with the acid, or the fire; and the black Tricherium* which feems to {hew fome marks of real iron, is too light and porous to be confidered as an ore; and too fcarce to be of any fervice even in phyfic. Atrum micaceum ferro rariori impregnatum & in- PERLE oce thesi se 2 iris Lo * TRICHERIUM S rie lal: fpenvled, Tricherium (with à fhalla Ee: mixture of iron. 3 ‘ This fubftance is found far back in the mountains above Bull-Bay, but it is not in, any confiderable quantities. (mw. eet Belge j dot fey (a) I have with the afiftance of fome very ingenious planters computed, that an eftate which produces about 100 hogfheads of fugar a year, muft be at the certain expence of 65 /. ger. annum in copper and lead alone; and hence it appears, that this Ifland muft expend 23700 /, every year in thefe articles, which they might have got within the Ifland at an eafier rate, and ftrengthened the colony with fome thoufands of induftrious labourers befides. ! ; |j SEC TE 60 THE NATUR MLIHI16 Y;,0 R Y EOE G Jia, Of Earth, and earthy Subftances. C1. Fufca vulgaris. _. | 6.. Humofa nigra. à | Dark loam, or Virgin- | Black mould. Earth. 7. Humofa_radicibus inter- 2. Lutea montana. fexta, , Yellow earth. . - ES Turf, and. fwamp-mould. TP iig 2 13 Subpinguis crocea, 8. Humofa & JEA s 7 =a Red earth. Mud and dung. 2 4. Schiflica purpurea. 9. Pimoja. V The mixed loam, or fandy | ree ES TS Purple earth. The earth obtained from 5. Sabulo varie mixta. _ the remains of animals. . Thefe are the common forts of native earth generally found in Yamaica: and indeed, in moft other countries: the firft is what we properly call pure loam, or mould; it is of a free open texture, and muft conftitute the principal part of every cultured foyl to yield a profit fuitable to the labourer's toil. i The fecond is of a poorer fort, and frequent in the mountains of this Ifland, where a conftant moifture and frequent admixture of vegetable mould renders it very luxuriant, and a proper matrix for many of the principal timbers and more fucculent lants. The third fort abounds in moft of the hilly lands ; it is more or lefs of a bolar nature, and not efteemed either a kind or a luxuriant mould, though the nà- tive provifions, and the vines of the country thrive beft in fuch a foil. The fourth. and fifth are the common forts in the lower lands and favannas, which we generally find both a kind and fertil bed, when fupplied with moifture ; but this often fails, and leaves thofe fields almoft ufelefs. The fixth and feventh, are chiefly the pro- duce of decayed vegetables, and known to be the richeft and moft luxuriant bed for all forts of plants. The eighth is peculiar to thofe bottom lands fituated near the fea, and is commonly mixed with bruíh and mangroves; the foil is rich, but the fituation of the ground renders it only fit for Scotch grafs, and other marfhy ve- getables. The ninth is common enough, but feldom ufed in this country ; for few of them have ary notion of the real properties of manure, or of dunging lands which they already think too rich: A moift, free foil, with moderate heat, will any where produce a luxuriant growth, but the warmth of the glebe alone can maturate or enrich the juice. | The moft remarkable compounds of this kind now found in Jamaica are the, Subfufcum diaphanum lamellis tenuiffimis fubelafticts. PAROU M i The brownith Talk with very thin laminæ. I had once received fome of this as a production of Yamaica ; but have been, fince informed, that it was brought there from the coaft of Guinea. It odiffers. but little from that with which we are fupplied from Mu/covy. Jasup 51451 "X d Argentea particulis minimis elabilibus. MICA The filver Mica. zn Se Aurea particulis elabilibus impalpabilibus. The golden Mica, . Both come i rea a OFF J AIMDA d 40.4 61 Both thefe fpecies of Mica are frequent in Yamaica, efpecially among thofe hills that lie between Sz. Katherine’s and Szxteen-mile-walk; the laft fort has been fre- quently wafhed down with the floods, and fometimes taken for a lighter fpecies of gold fand: it is commonly found incorporated with the potters clay near Spani/b-town. 1. Friabile, fibris fubdiapanis longitudinahibus. The Tricherium with longitudinal fubdiaphane fibres. 2. Per firatas difpofitum, fibris obliquis niveis. TRICHERIUM Vides aper with fhort fibres difpofed obliquely 3. Nigrum fubnitens ferro impregnatum. The black Tricherium with glofly flakes, and impreg- nated with iron. Thefe fubftances are frequently obferved in Jamaica, and may probably yield a Aine cement ; but they have not been yet tried in that Ifland. ( Duriffimus externe granulatus, interne lamellatus. AMIANTHUS i The hard lamellated Ainianthus. They have great quantities of this fubftance both in Antigua, and Jamaica : it is generally found in large detached mafies, having all the appearance of petrified wood, for which it is commonly taken in both iflands. 1. Purpurafcens quaquaverfum fifilis fcriptura atra, — The purpleifh Schift with black lines, and fpliting SCHISTUS freely in all dire&ions. 2. Spato impregnatus C9. feptis divifus. The mixt Schiftus. The laft fpecies is frequently found in the furf about Bull-båy ; the acid attacks, and diffolves the cement of the mafs with great fury ; and leaves an inert lump of . pure fchiftic earth behind . The other is common in many parts of the mountains of St. John’s ; but is generally fteril, and of little ufe. | S ak pes ME Of Clay, and clayey Subftances. 1. Subcinerea, fiffilts. ~ Refining clay. oh -2. Teffulata arená mixta. ARGILLA Potters clay, or fandy clay. 3. Sabulo €? terrá mixta. Clayey foyl. Thefe are the moft remarkable appearances of clay, in the vifcid ftate, now ob- ferved.in Jamaica. The firft is almoft pure, and very fit for the refining-houfe, as well as for earthen wares, if they fhould ever think it neceffary to work in fuch a ma- nufacture, but it is not very common. The fecond fort is more frequent, and now fupplies the Ifland with water-jarrs, and other conveniencies of the like nature. The third forms a great part of the foyl in many places; and is fufficiently re- markable for its ftiffnefs, and cohefion: when it abounds with fand without earth, it isthe true brick-clay ; but, when any confiderable quantity of this is joined in the mafs, it breaks its texture, and the clod is lefs cohefive; by which means it frequently S UE becomes S&S T HE^NPA?(T O RAL HIS TOO R Y becomes a kind and luxuriant foil: from hence we may learn both the nature and manures of clayey land, as well as the manner of fitting it for every purpofe. The following feem to be the moft compound fubítances of this nature, that I have obferved in a folid forin, in that Ifland, urg. 1, Conico-cylindracea utrinque attenuata. CRYSTALLUS i The needle cryftal. ' "This fpecies is found in that freeftone near the bath : the cryftals are very fmall, and hardly perceptible to the naked eye; but when the workmen break any of the ftones, the little fragments that fly about, are fo charged with thefe minute fharp-pointed cryftals, that they inflame and frequently blifter the fkin wherever they touch. 2. Columnaris bexaedra, binc tantum pyramidata, lateribus duobus majoribus oppofitis. The pointed cryftal with two oppofite fides larger CRYSTALLUS s than any of the reft. > Tem 4. Columnaris binc tantum oblique pyramidata. - The obliquely pointed cryftal. ‘There is but little difference between thefe two fpecies; but the former feems to fhoot more freely, and to be lefs tranfparent in its appearance: they are both very hard, and mark glafs, or the beft polifhed fteel, with great cafe, C1. Subaqueum. The aqueous Quartz. * | - The pina T vtm A 3» Subrubellum diaphanum. QUARTSZUM The fübtranfparent Quartz, with a flethy caft. * 4. Diaphanum albidum. h Pes The whitith tranfparent Quartz. 5. Nigrum arenaceum nitens. | Black fand, or black Quartz, All thefe fpecies are frequent in ‘famaica: the three firft are commonly found in detached mafies, and feem to have much of the nature, and appearance of flint: the fourth is the true parafitical native fort, and found frequently mixed with many of the copper ores. The fifth is rather a fteril iron ore, than a Quartz ; but as it is generally found of an angular compreffed form, and eludes the action of both the fire, and the acid, I have given it a place in this clafs; it is very common in many parts of Ame- rica, and moft frequently found in this form on the fea fide, but is fometimes ob- ferved to be a principal mixture in many of the harder fpecies of grain ftones in this part of the world. | : (1. Atrum equal. ec The Touch-ftone. er | 2: Cinereum equale. es The Afh-coloured Lydium. prom . 13 Daurifimum e fufo grifeum. LY.DIUM;. T? E i ie : | 4. Atro fübceruleum. 1 The Indigo-coloured Lydiam. B Rubellum fubfibrofum. ` 4. The brown Lydium with a fibrous texture. All O CFI D] AAM UAT IA QE AI 63 All thefe fpecies of Lydium ate found. in. the Ifland of famazca, but feldom ob- ferved in any confiderable maffes: the firft, and fecond, are often met with on the fhores, and may be ufed equally on occafion; tho’ the colour of the former renders it more fit for all the purpofes of a touch-ftone.. The third is the produce of fome other country ; and has been introduced here, very much in the time of the native Jz- dians, who ufed to grind their maze with thofé {mall figured mafies, which we now call thunderbolts: It was manufactured in, fomeé part of the neighbouring con- tinent, and worked into various forms, to fupply thofe people with tools, for the different occafions of life, while the nature and manufacture of iron was yet un- known tothem. The fourth and fifth forts are moft common in the inland parts of the country ; but are not yet obferved to be of any pompar fervice. I. Darth ma pss ferro arenaceo atro-nitenti im- COS pfregnatfa. —- - "Eheiehocolate.ftones 1 x $ "vont * ee , Tho’ many Panuractuced ees of this ftone are found in every part of Yamaica, I could never meet with any of the kind in the rude, or natural ftate ; for whichtrea- fon, I was. induced to look upon: them as the produce and formation of fome part of the neighbouring continent, where. chocolate had been formerly in ufe, which have been introducedjhere from time to time (like the thunderbolt ftone) for the manufacture, and oéconomical preparations of. that feed. ; as this was for the ufe of theirmaize: ‘The ftone,is vety hard, and of acoarfe granulated texture intermixed with a finer fhining black quartz, or fandy matter: It asgaves fire readily with fteel, and acs not tree to. esd of the acids,. - E Granulata anit T 4. Micacea granulata fifilis. ‘CO s The grinding ftone, {- The Briftol, or paving ftone, ‘Both defe ficiis are imported here from England. The firít is much in ufe at every plantation, ‘where iron tools are made ufe of ; and the other is fometimes im- fot the uie co hueco and other large buildings. Sipe Subeinoren mifcela fpato mixta. | | The mixed fparry Cos... - 5 one ae gana durifma. P ren à granulata, rugeé, terrd rufeffenti mixta, "Ehe. f parry pec and mixed Cos. & HCO SaorSubo D Subcinerea fpato-mixta €9 divifa. The Aíh-coloured Cos, with fparry particles, and partition’s. BNET CM ries EK dura fubfufco-grifea. bebes diw qub ao soo CXDbechard and fandy, dark.Cos. E 9. pymes [pato maxime mixta. The purple Cos, Thefe are the moft common forts of grain-ftones I have obferved in Jamaicas but they have-not yet difcovered any regulus quan of either of them : they are quy found in detached malles of different fizes. . IO, Sold ee aquam tranfmittens, — 90 pen The percolating fone, or the porous fandy ES Cos This ftone is frequently introduced here; in the manufactured ftate ; and found to be very beneficial to the inhabitants. of the lower lands, as it ferves to cool, as well 64 THE NATSU RAM HISTORY well as to purify the waters commonly ufed in their diluted drinks. It is a native of Madera and Barbadoes. 8T Exof, oL. io VIE De marga & margaceis. Of Marls and marly Subftances. (1. Priabilis alba. White friable Marl. 2. Subpinguis tenax. p The aboo earth, or clammy Mar MARGA . Conchacea. Shell Marl. » Terrea varie mixta. _ Marly foil, or mixed Marl. Thee are the only peda of Marl I could obferve in that ifland ; Dat the third and fourth are not common ; and the firft is generally barren, for it affords neither true , nourifhment, or an eafy paflage, to the tender roots of vegetables. The fhell marl is fearce, and hardly ever met with, but in the mountains, or by the fea-fide ; it is an excellent manure for all (tiff, and clayey foils. The fecond fpecies is a peculiar fort of earth, that runs in veins, and is chief found in marly beds: it is of different colours, but thefe generally 'anfwer to that of the layer wherein it is found ; it is apparently fmooth, and greafy, and fomewhat cohefive inits nature; but diffolves eafily in the mouth: The Negroes, who make frequent ufe of this fubftance, fay, that it is fweetifh ; and many get a habit of eating it to fuch excefs, that it often proves fatal to them. It is the moft certain poifon I have known, when ufed for any length of time ; and often enters fo abundantly in- to the courfe of the circulation, as to obftruct all the minute capillaries of the bady nay, has been often found concreted in the glands, and finaller veflels of the lungs, i far as to become fenfibly perceptible to the touch: It breaks the texture of the blood intirely ; and for many months before they die, a general languor affects the machine, and all the internal parts, lips, gums, and tongue, are quite pale, info- much, that the whole mafs of their juices, feems to be no better than a wateriíh lymph. Itis probable they are firft induced to the ufe of this fubftance (which is ow generally well known among them) to allay fome fharp cravings of the ftomach; — either from hunger, worms, or an unnatural habit of bed The following are the moft remarkable po productions of this kind, I could have met with in Jamaica. - The {mall parafitical fpate, or fpar, with wedged SPATUM cryftals. j 1. Parafiticum, cryflallis minimis cuniformibus fubaqueis. This fpecies of fpar is frequent in the fiffures, and interftices of the lime-ftones, in all parts of Jamaica. (2. Subaqueum maffulis triquetris prifmeticoetruncatis quaft | talcofis, fragmentis rhombeis. SEC The fubaqueous {par found in three angular truncat- SPATUM ed and prifmatical mafies. 3. Rupefire fubaqueum, fubcryftallizatum G fubftria- tum. lL The Rock-fpar. ae. D O TF? (fi AL MAAE CVA. 65 This fort of Spar is very clear, and found formed into rocks, of a prodigious fize, in the mountains of St. Annes; where it is obferved to conftitute whole ftrata: Thefe rocks fplit very eafily in all dire&ions, particularly the perpendicular ; and the fragments, of which it feems compofed, are ftriated in a longitudinal direc- tion. When it is expofed any time to the weather, the furface grows opake, and of a milky white, j ! (4. Confufe cryftallizatum, cryftallis truncatis. fuberettis | adnatis fubaqueis. | SPATUM j The cryftalline Spar, with confufed, and truncated 4 fragments. | | 5. Confufe cryftalizatum, cryftallis deformitus. ! — 'Fhediaphanous Spar, with deformed cryftals. | 6. Suberyflallinum: confufum. The confufed fubcryftalline Spar. Thefe laft fpecies. are pretty common-in moft + of Yamaica, and generally found in fmall detached mafies. 7 m— ; 1. Lacieum variis concretum. . MARMOR The whitifh baftard marble. This ftone is very much debafed, and frequently confounded with the lime-ftone, in the room of which it is often ufed in Jamaica: It is very common, and indeed the principal fort of ftone in moft of thofe lower mountains, to the eaftward of Kingflon : Yt has a {mooth even grain, and bears a good polifh, but is feldom very fhining, or glofly. £ | | fr. Subcinereum fpatofum. Sorat - The whitifh {parry lime-ftone, or calcitory. CALCITARIUM |> Cinereum textura fubeguali. . The even grained calcitory. | 3. Subrubellum [batofum. L The fparry calcitory, with a flefhy caft. Theie are the common appearances of the lime-ftones of that country, which we have generally obferved to conftitute the principal part of its rocky hills : the fir(t, and fecond fort, are the moft common in the fouthern parts of the Ifland ; but the other, which is more fonorous, and uneven in its form, is more frequent on the north-fide. They are all, more or lefs, of a granulated appearance, and.yield with equal eafe, — both to the fire, and the acid. They are burned to lime in every part of the Ifland, where fuch a manufacture is neceffary ; but it is not thought to be fharp enough for the boiling houfe : this, however, muft be a miftake, or owing to fome neglect either in burning, or cafking the lime ; for the ftone, in general, is not only kind, but hard enough to take and hold a great deal of heat, the moft effential quality of good lime. | "ion ; : The fofter fine grained js = 2. Alba fubequalis, cryftallis minutifimis acutis referta. SIMPLEXIA i The d white m of St. Thomas's. | 3. Levior nivea particulis arenofis confertis. << The light fandy free-ftone of Bermudas. ze. The two firft fpecies are natives of Jamaica, and anfwer extreamly well in all manner of buildings: the firft is found in a large quarry near Sz. Anne's Bay ; the other in the parifh of St. Thomass in tbe Eaf: but the third fort is a native of Bermudas, and frequently imported here for buildings ; it is more poreous, and lefs cohefive, than either of the others ; but as it is very light, it anfwers beft in the work; and isimported ata very cheap rate, : T SEGE | 1. Albida firuéturæ fubequalis, ^. 66 THE. NATURAL HI SIT OR Y gw: MED Of mixed, and irregular Produ€tions : Plumbeus fulpburariarum & thermarum. | I. PUMEX i The livid pummy of fulphur mines. This fubftance is the meer production of fubterraneous fires: it is always found in great abundance about the fulphur mines of Mount/errat, and doubtlefs may be alfo obferved in Jamaica, could we reach the firft fource of the hot-well waters of that place: the heat, at leaft, of thofe give me room to think, that fuch a thing exifts there; and, probably, may be always found where-ever this is conítant, and from the confumption of fulphureous fubftances. 2. Ferreus ater gypfo adnatus. AUS EE } The black ferruginous Pum my. i" This fubftance is very rare; I have met with alittle of it far back, among the Aquarum incrufantium. AA bum mountains in Jamaica. SE ; I. um. : The Tophus of incruftating waters. 2. Labetbum. |... tects! The cruft depofited by boiling waters. Thefe fubftances are only concretions of the heterogeneous ~particles, with which many of the waters of this Ifland are charged : the firft fort is fo common in moft of the {mall currents about Sz. Annes, that every thing lying in their courfe, nay the very chanel is frequently incruftated ; and hence the fource and formation of en s and famous cafcade, between Roaring-river, and Mendzey’s-Bog, in this pariíh. o. IAA FIA 1. Subfufca folidinfcula, variis admixta. AMSIBLARIA The dark and LAS mixed Argillaria, TOPHUS This is a mixture of clay and gravel, that hardens into a very folid form'by the continued heat of the fun, and a {mall admixture of falt- water ; it is the foundation of that neck of land, that ftretches into the fea, and inclofes the harbour of King- Jion; as wellas of fome other parts of the fea-fhore round this Ifland, It receives but little damage from the furges, or more agitated waves; but acquires a degree of hardnefs as often as the incumbent fands are wafhed off, by hurricanes, or other extraordinary commotions of the ocean, — -= == 77y HO: T | 1. Farium. SABULUM Gravel | This is only a compofition of the fmaller fragments of all, or many of the fore- mentioned fubítances ; which generally takes its fpecific denomination from the moft predominant kind: the fhores, river-courfes, and many other parts of Ya- maica, are full of various forts of this fubftance, 1. Varia. AREAS ) Sand. ' Sand differs but little from the foregoing ; and, like that, is only a compofition of the more minute particles of all, or many of.the other fubftances; which, in the fame manner, takes its fpecific denomination from the moft predominant fort : ‘I muft however remark, that we have claffed the purer fpecies of thofe that ufed to go commonly under this appellation, with the other productions of the fame nature, and ranged the cryftalline fands among the quartz’s ; the roundifh among the pebbles; and black with the irons. 3 T HB O—— PUR OR CIVILand NATUR AS H- L-sS—E-—O R Y 7 244 Meal 0C. PART D. DOCK H. £O N T AINION G A Hiftory of the vegetable Productions, claffed and diftributed nearly according to the Linnean Syftem ; with the Characters of fuchas were not hitherto known, or have been but imperfectly repre- fented: To which we have added the Synonyma from the moft approved Authors, as well as the beft Methods of cultivating and manufacturing the more ufeful Species ; with the Properties and Ufes of each, in Mechanics, Diet, and Phyfic. wae. pets xix m ST. 1 JE Scar ; caked 23323 * SESS a cs tu ae WESA. URL UU x s ~ * 7 "pir wd A eÉs eM - ^en odi gai insdo3M ni 02:5 i SON (SUSY, Q2 G3? 93h Mail dcin Vk Rosie say oue ot oon ' BAFE neceffities of mankind have, doubtlefs, fir fl obliged them tonb- [ Serve thofe productions more exactly which they had found by ex- perience, to be the mof immediately neceffary for their mainte- nance y and to feek and propagate with the greateft care, the beft means of relieving their more frequent wants. This, éxperience and. obfervations have, with time, improved fufficiently to fix the firft foundation of agrizul- ture and paflurage (a); which fucceeding ages have enlarged, and embel- Lifbed with a numberlefs feries of mechanical arts and manufactures. But bow far vegetable productions have contributed towards the: generalvin- provement, we can only learn from a due confideration of -fome-of sthofe valuable neceffaries and conveniencies, with which we are daily furnifbed from this clafs. re suad “Lies of Nays duck 431 E Een isl ur Nw XQ uran Wt nuo To give a circumflantial account of thofe, would require more room ‘and Jabour than we can now beftow; but if we look into the differeat anetbods of living. generally ujed among mankind, we fball certainly find them-to be fupplied, in every country, with the mof agreeable as well as tbe moft nece[Jary parts of their food from this province; which fill adds a moft amazing variety to its luxuriance. Remark the different forts of roots now in ufe, and the multiplicity of forms in which they are ferved up at our tables! Observe the different forts of greens, and tender fhoots, that are daily ufed for mourifbment ; and confider how many forts of grain and fruit ferve to Jupply the luxury, as well as wants of our kind ! View but the machine in a difordered condition, you will find the principal means of relief to be generally fought for, and obtained from -this kingdom. ‘Obferve a man in bis moft accomplifbed flate, you will fee him furrounded and adorned with the various productions of vegeta- bles ; bis moveables are chiefly furnifbed by the foreft; bis cloaths fre- uently fupplied by the cotton fbrubs bis linen, books and papers by the ne of various plants : and if you confider him as a member of the U community, (a) Res pecuaria. lxx PD €x B FiA4 C E community, bis trade, bis wealth and affluence, you will find, is chiefly maintained and carried on with tbe produ€tions of this clafr. How na- tural mufi it then be for the inquifitive part of mankind, to fearch into, and endeavour to explore, the nature and fituation of a clafs of beings, that furnifhes fo many materials to fupply both the wants and luxury of the inhabitants of every part of the earth ? Thefe inducements have always engaged fome part of mankind in the ftudy as well as culture of plants; and the informations and materials tranfmitted from one colony to another, have been always found to con- tribute alike towards the improvement of both. From hence we may learn to know the ufe of Natural Hiftories in general, which ferve, not only to inform us of the materials with which different countries abound, but likewifé to acquaint us with their ufes and various manufactures. In this part of the Natural Hiftory of Jamaica, I have followed the order and diftribution of Linneus as much as poffible: I have, however, differed from him in the difpofition of the more imperfect plants, which I have placed, actording to a more antient cuflom, before the refl : mor was this my only reafon, for really I think they, in fome meafure, feem to ap- proach nearer to mineral fubftances in their nature: but in ibe difri- bution of them I have been various ; followed Hill fometimes, Miche- lius ofte», and partly my own fancy, juf as I thought them to approach neareft to nature. I have given the general characters wherever found them new, or but imperfeétly reprefented before; and have ad- ded the [ynonima out of the mofi noted and approved authors ; I have alfo given a foort defcription of moft of the fpecies, and adjoined the ufes, culture, and manufattures of Juch as were found of any certain or known fervice. H E [231] p HOQE Civit and NaturaL HISTORY O F Be eer as ee | BOOK I. O^RUD ER OR Of Plants that bear only obfcure, or imperfet? Flowers, CEASS I Of fubmarine Vegetables. Be 0 T1 Of fuch as are of a tender herbaceous Texture, | LGA r. Fokis Sere linearibus. Alea Angu/ti-folia vitrariorum. _C. B. & Sl. Cat. p. 5. The {mall grafly leaf'd Alga, or Turtle-grafs. — This Plant grows frequently in the fhallow fandy bays of "famaíca ; and is the moft common food of the manatee, the turtle, and the trunc-fifh ; as well as many “other {maller marine animals. ALGA 2. Foliis planis anguftis, radice geniculata. Alga Jfuncea, five j pen maritimus radice alba geniculata, Slo. Cat. p. 5. & H, £22. f. 5. The larger Alga with flefhy roots. This grows with the foregoing in moft of x fhallow fandy bays ; and feems to be more generally ufed by the turtle and manate FUCUS 1. Membranaceus brevis, Mari Circuli concentricis notatus. Fucus Fronde feffali reniformi decufJatim firiata. L. Sp. pl. Fucus Maritimus galli-pavonis pennas referens. C. B. Pro. & Sl, Cat. The membraneous afh-coloured dwarf F uçus. 4 This fmall plant grows very near the fhores in all the bays of Jamaica: it feldom rifes 72 T IR MALT URAL HISTORY rifes above three or four inches, and fticks by a ftrong ligamentous foot-flalk to every rock, and. falle: pebble.: + A ee ——— e ——À — c S FUCUS a. Membranaceus, tenuis, XXI viridis. Alga Latifolia, five mujcus marinus, Se, $l. Cat. p. 5. The long undulated fembtandus green Fucus. ^ This b sc Eee [n^ deep if thd fea, and fis pénerally foand abot xtheilargdr rocks at fome diftance from the fhore. It is moderately tranfparent, and of a beautiful green colour. It i is Qu thrown up e ry where on the pros of Tamala, FUCU S "S Caule Sereti rami, p lablongis fied veficulis globofís. Fucus Caule tereti iramofiffi imo; folii y pus a Jfructificationibus globofis, pedunculis you Lenticula Marina ferratis foliis. Lob. & Sio. Ca T t Lenticula Marina yia pos o9 ralk. S The larger branched Fucus, or Gulph-weed with rene ferrated leaves, M te ae a ——— This plant is frequent in all the feas about thofe parts ‘of America: it grows about the rocks in the deeper pafts of the ocean, is frequently thrown upon the fhores of i and Tia ere ror fter qe ae Srog fea broez. F UCUS 4. | js polis pv om pn, 8 p DEAN fiil ornatis. The fmaller branched Fucus, ipea. CSV RSS A This fpecies feems tabe weis a aviation vs the S9. fort; it is however more commonly met with in this form, and wery.freqpent i in thofe feas. | FUCUS gZ;. Caul.teretiramofo, foliis linearibus, capfulis foliolatis. Fucus Caule tereti ramofo, foliis linearibus integerinis, fructificationibus globofis, pedunculatis.. Lj. Spy Pia oy AoW A The branched F ücus: with: capillary Fates.) 5 This is rather an European tlan an Ameritan plant; "and moft frequently obíerved dn the chaps of the Ezg///5 channel; it is diftinguifhed from EU foregoing, which i it refembles very. much in. the general form, , by its fimple, ipillary Affe, ds om flor FUCUS 6. Opuntioides fubcompreffus, brachiis" — Fuanlibus ode quandoque excavatis.. —— The larger Opuntioid Fu ucus.. p p b d This plant is more frequent about the Weftern Ifliñds, Where Ihave aa: it in great abundance on my return from Yamaica, | At isthe comimon food of the logger- head turtle i in thofe parts, efpecially when. they fray any diftance from the fhore. FUCU S 7. Opuntioides fubcompreffus’ intr, 1 Bab; Jübangulatis brevioribus. — « Corallina” puits ramulis deuforibus, e foliis magis fi jnuatis, Ge Slo, & H. t. 20. f 2 ons Latifa uia B punti, So Pk t "26. FY. aki The Galles aei — pu ses d sanglar j joints. "uoblsb x -arnt fi - : E * : , Vv This O Fi iJ 3AA M vATIn ga A. 7 This little marine plant is very common about all the harbours of the Iflan4. Qa F U C U S 8. Fronde dichotamo diflico, ramulis fimplicibus teretibus Jubcompreffis punétatis, difco infernà cauli circumdu&to, 'The dichotomous flender flexile Fucus with a difk round the ftem. This plant is but little known to Botanifts ; tho’ frequent enough in the Englifh channel, where I have met with it on my return from Yamaica, It is commonly called Cable-moorings by our failors, and remarkable, for the flexibility and evenefs of its branches, as well as for that extraordinary rim or difk that furrounds the ftalk near the root. E F U CU S g. Fronde dichotamo integro, caule medium folum tranf- diia 3 renti veficulis verucofis terminalibus. L. Sp. PI. The flat divided and marginated Fucus with large fpungy capfules. 4 aaier pep This plant is commonly called. Kelp, and frequent in moft parts of Europe, but rare in Jamaica. When burnt it yields that concreted faline mafs, of which our black or coarfe glafs is chiefly made. T F U C U S ro. Minor ramofus, ramulis- paucioribus fimplicibus conicoz acutts.:: 3lol 3 P 'The more fimple mofly Fucus with. ere and. lender conic branches, RU VV 9 1k Minor ramofus, ramulis Jubtompreffis tuberculatis minufque divifis. | The fmaller moffy Fucus with fewer fubcomprefied branches. F U C U S 2. Minor compreffus ramofus, ramulis angu/liffimis. ~The fmaller flattened mofly Fucus with narrow branches, F U C U S r3. Minor caule tereti ramofiffino, ramulis minorilus fpar- fis tenutffime divifis, ultimis acuminatis. fimo, ramulis pint rs mollibus alternis. P. ER iai baidhe i k g f The larger. mofly Fucus with flender and much divided branches. — An, Fucus Caule tereti ri A D b P one 14. Minor caule tereti ramofifimo, ramulis minimis tenut|~ Jime feétis, ultimis obtufis fubglobofís. .. The fmaller mofly Fucus with obtufe branches. =f oO Corg" 5. Ramofus tenuior © erectior, ramulis quafi fetaceis, breviffime & tenuiffime fectis. The fmaller mofly Fucus of a more erect and lefs branched appearance. "Thefe are the moft common fpecies of thofe mofs-like Fuci obferved about Ya- maica; they grow very plentifully in all the bays) and harbours of the Ifland, and are found on every part of the fhore, whenever the feas are agitated more than ufual. X SR CT. 74 THE NATURAL HISTORY S Ek ORS bs II. Of Jubmarine Plants of amore fig and fibrous Texture, ACETABULUM 1, Caule fimplici, cyatho firiato B quafi fubcaliculato, The {mall flender ftalked Acetabulum. This delicate little plant is frequent about all the harbours of the Ifland ; it grows in clufters, and rifes from a fimple cruftaceous root by which it fticks to the ftones, — [ts ftalk or fhank is fmall and flender, and the cup rather of a conic form with the bafe upwards; and feems as if it were fuftained by a few fmall protuberances that ftand at the top of the fhank in the form of an irregular calix. When this plant is taken frefh out of the water it is fluxile, and elaftic ; but when it continues for any time in the open air, it grows more ftiff, and fragil: the cup is always ftriated on- gitudinally. | SPONGIA 1. Minor mollis & flexilis, fibris tenuiffimis equalibus intertextts. Spongia Minor & mollior medulle panis fimilis, Sc. Sl. Cat. p. 7. & H. t. 23. f. t. 23. f.. 5. The fmalleft foft and downy Spunge. This little plant is frequently obferved about Jamaica; and, in texture and appear- ance, refembles the inward part of finc white bread. — — SPONGIA 2. Minor & tenuior mollis, cellulata. | The fmalleft foft Spunge with large cells. — — This fpecies is as common as the foregoing, but feems of a more porous or cellu- lar ftru&ure, though equally fine, SPONGIA 3. Minor fibra, fibris fubequalibus tenuibus © flexilibus tenuiterque intertextis, The fine fibrous {mall and flexile Spunge. This is a beautiful even mafs, compofed of very delicate fibres loofely connected together, It is of a more reticulated and interwoven texture than either of the fore- going fpecies. | SPONGIA 4. Fifulfa, flexilis & fibrofa major s fibris inequalibus laxe intertextis, exterioribus. craffioribus reticulatis. Spongia Dura, feu [puria major alba fiftulofa fibris craffioribus. Sl. Cat, p. 6. Spongia Tubulofa fimplex. L. Sp. Pl. | The coarfe reticulated yielding Spunge. This plant has fomething of the texture and appearance of a coarfer brown bread, or of the bark of fome tree in a macerated ftate. — < SPONGIA 5.: Fifulofa major, flexilis, porofa & prominulata., Spongia Turbinata cava. L, Sp. Pl. | Spongia Dura, feu fpuria fuperficie, apicibus acutis exa[perata. Sl, Cat. 7. & H. t. 23. f. 4. The larger porous and warted hollow Spunge. This c————— ——— nr OTE iÈ A MIA DAS. T This is of a clofer texture than the foregoing fpecies, and generally found growi about fmall decayed pieces of wood. pois "pec & y growing SPONGIA 6. Fiftulofa S cavernofa rufefzens, fibris rigidis fubequa- libus laxe intertextis. Spongia Cavernofa extus aculeata. L, Sp. P. The brown loofe Spunge with rigid fibres. This plant grows fomething like the foregoing in its difpofition ; but its fibres are always rigid and fubdiaphane, and its texture more loofe and difengaged. SPONGIA 7. Subrotunda, cavernofa, lamellata & Jubvillofa, texture € artacee. Alcinoum Subvillofun - The cavernous lamellated and fubvillofe Alcinoum, or American Spunge, This fpongy fubftance is found in loofe cavernous maffes, compofed of thin com- prefied laminz irregularly difpofed, and of a clofe paper-like texture. Every plate of the whole mafs is covered with a fhort delicate down. KERATOPHYTON 1. Reticulatum coment Frutex Marinus elegantiffimus Clufii. Sl. Cat. p. 3. The plain reticulated Sea-fan, or feather. | Though the productions of this kind may fhew, many marks of an animal nature, and are generally found furrounded with a coat or cruft, which is allowed to be the work of fome marine infects ; I have been induced from their tunicated regular ftru&ure, and tapering branched form, as -well as hollow center and expanded root; to look upon them as meer vegetable fubftances : and as fuch, I have thought this the moft convenient place for them. I acknowledge my. worthy, and learned friend Mr. Ellis, has fatisfied me very amply as to the nature and clafs of moft of the other feemingly vegetating marine productions, but muft-wait for fome further illuftrations before I can confent to range thefe among the effects of animal labour. Thefe are ea- fily known by their ftrong cohefion and horny texture ; branched and frequently re- ticulated form, and the ftrong animal {mell they commonly yield when burnt. KERATOPHYTON 2. Majus compreffum, reticulatum & appendiculatum, The larger reticulated Sea-fan with lateral appendages. This may be a variation of the foregoing fort, but is more remarkable on account of thofe fmaller appendages that rife cut of both furfaces: itis chiefly found about Carolina, and grows often to a monftrous fize, KERATOPHYTON 3. Fruticofum ramulis liberis fubcompreffis diftice difpofitis. An, Corallina Humilior fruticofa, Se. Slo. Hift. t. 22. f. 4. The comprefied Sea-feather with loofe branches, KERATOPHYTON 4. Fruticofum elatius, ramulis teretibus quaquaverfum Corallina Fruticofa “aan Sl. Cat. & Hift. t. 22. f 1, 2, vo The fpreading Sea-fcather with fiender branches. | The v6 CT HESNA T U RA. LAA LSTO RY The two laft fpecies are very common about this Ifland, and grow, like moft com- mon vegetables, with loofe difengaged branches, but without any foliage. The latter fort rifes to a moderate fize, and its mean ftem, when ftripped of the branches, is fre- quently ufed as a riding fwitch., ineo i AOS Sit oli Of Muíhrooms. | S E C it . 7 coss Qt the horizontal Mujbrocms, or. Fungus s. AG A RICUS.:. Villofo-membranaceus, fuperne laéteus. An, Agaricum Membranaceum Michel. 'T. 66. f. 2. _ The fmall white villous Agaricus. AGARICUS 2. Subcinereus oblongus, ad apicem fimbriatus, elatior, The oblong fringed Agaricus. | This little plant is very beautiful in its form, and of a whitifh afh-colour. It is very rare in this Ifland: I'have met with this fpecies in the remote mountains of - St. Zune s. Stine. Ub 7 AGARICUS 3. Niveus major ad imum tumidus lamellis interruptis. i0 Agaricus Oficinarum : | _. The larger white Agaricus with interrupted laminz. - 'The plant is frequent enough in the woods of Yamaica, where its growth is but little difturbed or noticed. It is eafily diftinguifhed by its white colour, thicker mats, and the interrupted difpofition of its Laminz or feed plates, This vegetable has been lately difcovered to be the moft effectual application hitherto known to. reftrain the effufion of blood in recent or old wounds, as well as in chirurgical operations; nay, is now found to anfwer even where fome of the moft confiderable arteries are cut (a): is applied in fmall pieces (2) to the extremities of the veflels. The powder of this plant has been, heretofore, frequently ufed as a ‘purgative; and put as a principal ingredient in fome of the capital preparations of the ‘fhops, but is now defervedly left out of all the ftanding compofitions. . POR I A 1 Subfufca, fuperne fubfpongioja, lanuginofa. — . The downy Poria of a darkifh brown colour. PO R I A, 2. Miniata fuperne glabra. The fcarlet Poria with a fmooth furface. (a) See Cafes in Surgery, &c. by Fofeph Warner. 1754. "e The middle part of this fubflance is ait iba is VOR outward coats being ftripped off on both TIU! 4 i PORTA OG] TA WOS PCG A 77 POR I A 3. Abakvis. The fmooth white Poria. POR I A 4. Crafifima fufa, porulis minimis. Agaricum 9 Jgmiarium, Sc. Micheli. T.61. f. 1. The thick black Poria with very {mall holes. All thefe fpecies are very common in Yamaica, and may be always found in every part of the woods: the laft fort is the moft common, and grows thick, rugged; and lumpifh in time; but is perfectly fmooth, and of a whitifh colour when young. S B QU CIL Of the petiolated Mufbrooms, or fuch as are generally found landing on diftintt Footftalks. LEPIOTA 1. Ephemora minima albida. The {mall upftart Mufhroom. . This little fpecies is frequent every where after heavy rains : itis of a very delicate texture, grows fuddenly, and feldom lives above a few hours. z LEPIOTA 2. Major alba, feptis dividis, petiolo glabro. An, Fungi Albi venenati vifcidi. Y. B. Slo. Cat. &H. p. 64. The larger Lepiota with a fmooth ftalk. This is very like the common large European Mufhroom, and is very frequent in Jamaica after the rainy feafons. LEPIOTA 3. Major alba feptis lividis, petiolo annulo membranaceo cinéto, The larger Mufhroom with a membraneous ring round the ftalk. There are but few of this fort in ‘famaica: I have only feen one which was found on Cofllys Hill. Yt is rather larger than the common fort, and always furnifhed with a membraneous flap round the foot-ftalk, LEPIOTA 4. Sublutea minor, petiolo annulo membranaceo cinéo, The fmaller yellow Lepiota with a membraneous flap round the ftalk. This is as uncommoh as the foregoing; it is much fmaller, and of a delicate yel- low colour. LEPIOTA 65. Paraftica nivea fuperne glabra, lamellis interruptis. The white parafitic Lepiota with interrupted laminz. This fpecies is frequent enough in the woods, and refembles thofe mufhrooms fi- gured in Micheli, t. 72. f. 4. but the lamine feem to be more regular and lefs in- t ted in this. 3 as Y LEPL f THE NATUR AL(HIS'DORY LEPIOTA 6. Parafitica nivea, confertim enata, © fuperne excavata, . limbo oblique reflexo, An, Fungus Ramofus maximus, Mich, t. 79. f. 1. "The white tufted oblique Mufhroom. This fpecies ofthe Lepiota i is very common after every heavy rain, and grows gene- rally on the decaying trunks of the hog-plum, and cotton-trees : it is the only fort that is in ufe here ; and when wafhed and pounded, is fometimes boiled with beef in our foops, to which they. really give a very delicate and oat flávour,- fo as to be generally pleafing. to all forts of palates. POCILLARIA Lanuginofa fuperne cava, obverfe conica, externà lamellata. The downy Pocillaria lamellated on the outfide of the cu P- See:Tab.IH. fr. I have found a few fpecimens of this plant? in the road to Sixteen-mile Walk. It is very rare in Jamaica, and eafily diftinguifhed from the Lepiota by its peculiar form, though the outfide of the cup is lamellated from.the fhank ‘to the rim or margin, which generally reflects a little, as in moft of that genus, It is made in the form of a wine-glafs ; ; is obverfely conic and. hollow at. the top, with a (lender foot-ftalk be- low : It is very much like thofe reprefented in Micheli, tab. 73. f. 4. but the (talk is "wis: fimple in this fpecies. S E C T. ..HI. Of the ipei olated Mufhrooms 5 or fuch as rife above the Surface of the Ground without any difine? Foor- talks. a LEIRIA Rubella. major odorata & obverfe ovata. | Mich. 'Y. 93. f. 1 The flefh Med Cletria with a ftrong fmell. This curious mufhroom is found fometimes in ‘famaica: it is of a lax fpungy texture when frefh, hollow within, and furnifhed with large rhomboidal apertures, difpofed in an oblique dircction in every part, It is of a rofy < colour and rank fmell, LYCOPERDON 1. Minus globofum petiolo breviffimo vel nullo donatum. si fmaller Lycoperdon. LYCOPERDON 2. Majus fubrolundum albidum. The larger Lycoperdon. a Both thefe fpecies are frequent in Jamaica; they grow from a few ftringy roots, and are found in all the lower lands, and paftures, after every heavy rain. CYATHIA Aperta minor obverse conica, corpufculis compreffis nigricantibus, Cyathoides. Mich, t. 102. f. 1. a. The fmaller (mooth Cyathia with black comprefied {kining . capfules. C L A- OD2BHJlA& MUA E C à. 79 CLAVARIA Obhnga pulvere luteo referta The oblong flender Clavaria, or vegetable fulphur. This plant is frequent enough in thé parifh oP Clarendon, and generally called the vegetable fulphur.from the colour of its düft or feeds. “Tt feems not to differ much in nature from the Lycoperdon. DITIOLA Cinerea. affurgens. ‘Mick. a Oe ot - An, Fungus Ramofus. minor: catrug atus. Slo. Cat. 8. & Hift. p. 6s. The afiewolunkelared. Bitola. This genus of mufhrooms is of. a compreffed and branched form, it is fmooth on one fide, and lamelated longitudinally on the other: it EORR prety common in the inland woods of Pie oA mei S ents] Cede! $s": Of Mofes, 9: x C: T. p Of Jelamentous Moffes, or fach as appear in a thready Form. BYSSUS Sericeus fimplex aquatilis, colore 25 T he fimple green Byflus. This delicate little plant 3 is very gommon in in moft Waters in the mountains; it is of a light green colour and extreamly fine. 52 Be: N F E R a A Sericea rama viridis, caule rigitiori. ae The: 4lender green Cónfetvai ` labis b: This plant grows Erbe enough in Mammee River, and many other | parts of the Ifland ; it is diftinguifhed from the foregoing by its branched and jointed form, é me 85 Boc@i Ty oH Of foliaceous and gelatinous Mo Te. UL VA. Angufa minor, tubo tenuori.: The flender Ulva. This plant is frequent about all the wharfs of King/for ; it thrives in the falt water, and grows on every poft in the harbour. COLÍEMA 8o THE NA RURAL HISD ORY COLLEMA PMifcofa, foliacea, inequalis. The foliaceous Jelly-mofs. I have obferved this mofly fubftance once in Mangeneel; itis of a glutinous con- Gítence and appearance, and is found in uneven foliaccous mafies. S. Eu doo HR Of the branched aphyllous Moffes of a firm and moderately rig id Texture. UsNE Se 1. Filiformis incana ramofa €8. longiffima, propendens. Ufnea : Mufcus Tenuis & capillaceus, &c. Slo. Cat. 9. & H. p. 60. t. 122. f. 4. The white pendulous and branched filamentous Ufnea. This plant is at prefent chiefly ufed by the perfumers, who frequently mix it with their powders. It is fometimes kept in the fhops, and its vinous infufion is (aid to be anodine and fubaftringent : it ufed to be ordered formerly to ftop fluxes, and to reftore the tone of weakened ftomachs. | USNEA 2, Lutea, fibris fubequalibus fubrigidis intertextis. The yellow rigid Ufnea. This little moffey plant grows commonly in every part of the woods: its fibres feem to be pretty even in every part, and are generally conneéted in an irregular tufted form, | USNEA 3. Lutea minima, fibris tomenti -formibus, faxis enafcentibus. The fmall filky Ufnea. This little plant is fo very delicate and flender, that it requires a good glafs to exa- - ` mine it with any fatisfaCtion. It grows pretty plentifully on the fide of the precipice near the fecond waterfall in Hope River, above the plains of Liguanee. USNEA 4. Minima fufca repens © tomenti-formis, The fmall woolly Ufnea. This fpecies is not quite fo fine as the foregoing; the old plants are of a dark or brown colour, and the younger fhoots of a delicate white. PLATISMA 1. Cinerea ramulis acuminatis. The whitifh Platifma with tharp-pointed branches. PLATISMA 2. Cinerca, fibris lateralibus nigris crinita. "The bearded Platifma. Both thefe fpecies are frequent in the woods of Jamaica ; they are both ofa whitifh afh-colour, but the latter is remarkable for its black beard, CL A- (0775 7o 0 cs sce aq EMEN al ` Or F: J AMI A WAC A 8i CLADONIA 1. Subcinerea flexilis atque propendens, caule rufefeenti för ` The pendulous branched Cladonia with a foxy ftalk. The main ftalk of this plant diftinguifhes it from the firft {pecies of the Ufnea, which it, otherwife, refembles pretty much both in colour and appearance. CLADONIA 2. Ginerea ereéta ramofffima, ramulis obtufs: The ere& Cladonia with obtufe branches. CLADONIA 3. Cinere eretta rambffimá, caule rufefcenti verucofp, The erect Cladonia with a warted foxy ftalk. CLADONIA 4. Cincrea muha C8 CO MEERE, MEMS d. | The lefs divided hollow Cladonia with pointed branches. CLADONIA 5g. Cizerea tubulata €. minus divifa, caliculis ciliatis terminata, The whitifh tubular Cladonia with ciliated cupsát the end of the - branches. CLADONIA 6. Gnerea tubulata, ramulis paucioribus obtufis S coronatis. The tubular Cladonia with obtufe capfules, CLADONIA 7. Cinerea tubulata admodum ramofa, ramulis y D A The tubular Cladonia with fübobtufe branches. CLAD o NIA 8. Cinerea tubulata admodum ratoja, MiA elatiorifus compreffis €. ciliatis. _ The branched. tubular Cladonia with comprefied and ciliated tops. All thefe fpecies are found in great abundance in the mountains of Liguanee : - they grow moftly upon the ground, among the other forts of mofs; but a few of the firft fpecies chiefly are found upon the decaying trunks of trees, EORR N: Of dry cruflaceous Mofes, PLACODIUM 1. Ginereum varie finiato-lobatum. The membranous difleéted Placodium. | PLACODIUM 2. Grereum fubrotundum margine pe erenato. The round lobed crenated membranous Placodium, dig t Z | E. BL A 82 THE NATURAL HIS TORY PLACODIUM 3. Fuftum fubrotundum. ! The dark round lobed Placodium. PLACODIUM 4. Fufcum fillamentofum, The ftringy brown Placodium. All thefe fpecies are met with in the woods, and found growing almoft on every tree in the inland parts of the Ifland. E See bas Wo. Of the foliated Mofes. S the plants of this kind are very numerous, I have been obliged to divide them into claffes ; and to range thofe that feem to anfwer in the general difpo- fition of their fru&ifications, together under the fame generic appellations,- I°. In this manner I have placed all thofe that bear oblong feed-veffels on long and flender foot-ftalks ;'(whether they rife from the top, or inferior parts of either branch, or ftalk,) under the-generic name of Polytricum. And thofe that bear coronated or angular feed vefíels at the top of the ftalk or branches, and without any remarkable foot-ftalks, I have alfo placed under another Genus which we have called Muium. IJ?. We have difpofed thofe that bear fquamofe heads.at the ale of the-leaves, and have thefe difpofed in three or four regular feries along the trunk and branches, under the generic name of Se/ago. jacet o E i III?. Such as we have obferved to bear their feed-veffels, in the fame manner, at the alz of the leaves, and thefe placed without any determinate order, I have difpofed under the generic denomination of Sphagnum. — | IV?. We have claffed fuch as have {mall fimple heads placed at the ale of the upper leaves, and thefe difpofed into oblong fpikes, under the name of Lyco- podium. V, Thofe that bear fmall warted heads upon the very leaves, we have ranged un- der the appellation of Hypnum, —— ee POLYTRICUM 1. Erecfum minimum femipohcare, foliolis in acumen a produis ` | ; re The {mall ere& Polytricum. This little plant rifes by a {mall fimple ftalk, and grows upon the trees, and rocks, every where in the mountains. | POLYTRICUM 2. Repens diftiche ramofum atque pennatum, elegantifine ad angulos rectos dioifum. — The ramofe Polytricum with pinnated, divided and diftich branches. . This Tittle ‘mofs is extreamly beautiful: it {preads flat wherever it grows, and Is very minutely fubdivided ; but all the branches {pring from the fides, and are again fubdivided very much in a like diftich and pennated order. POLYTRICUM 3. Bilineare minimum, foliolis patentibus. . The {mall Polytricum with patent leaves. This OT BI A AMI B TI ACA Ad H 85 - "This fpecies is very fmall, and pup foundin fhallow waters where the bottom is gravelly and hard. POLYTRÍCUM 4. “Mirna glaucum Jada longiori. The {mall whitifh Mofs with long foot-ftalks to the capfule. This fpecies is pretty fimple, and erect: it grows to about three quarters or one inch in height, and is always found in the more — and funny parts of the moun- tains. POLYTRICUM . 5. Erecfum fimplex, fuperne foliolatum, inferne ferà nu- dum, foliolis in fetas quafi productis, "rhe PERS erect. d fimple Polytricum with long. fetaceous - leaves about t the top. ^ This plant i is E i in i mountains, and rifes generally from an inch and a half, to two inches or better in height: the prine of the feed -vefiels are very long. POLYTRICUM 6. Tripolicare imple e rni; foliolis acutis. Plum. . f.6 "The larger Papen with fharp pointed leaves, This plant is found only in the cooler mountains of Prud it is farnithed with leaves. equally from the bottom to the top. | OMNIUM 1. Breim Jimplex & uddriolicaťė, pus rarioribus, corond Juplict. The large erect Mnium with a double crown. This large and beautiful fpecies of mofs rifes by a fimple foliated ftalk to the height of three or four inches, and bears a double angular crown or feed Capfüle on a fhort . foot-ftalk at the top. 3 E L A GO 1. DU repens, & yodid fpicilli quadratis, “The branched creeping ‘Selago y with {quare fpicille. SELAGO 2. Ramojfifima repens, foliolis cordatis uno verfu amplexantibus, "The branched creeping Selago with the leaves difpofed on one fide. SELA GQ) 3. Rechnata regione amelas foliolis carinatis, . Selago Ete. Pk. t. 453. - The larger reclining branched Selago with vaa d leaves, SELAGO' L Minima rqenu Lo ramofa, foliolis ovatis uno verfu am- lexantibu. Selago Eve.’ Pluck. t. 453. É Qiii 1 The {mall prea and branched odi with oval leaves. one thefe aH creeping molis are common every where in Yonica 2 they fpread and grow by many roots to all the fhaded rocks, and banks. The arangement and ge pe of their leaves diftinguifh them fufficient from all the other at: V. & #THEANATURAL HIST OR Y SPHAGNUM t. Tomentofum ramulis fimplicibus, foliolis anguftis Jemi= conicis. ` The downy Mofs with fimple branches and fharp femiconic leaves. This little plant rifes about two or three inches from the ground : its branches are generally very fimple, and furnifhed, as well as the ftalk, with a foft down between the leaves, SPHAGNUM 2. Minus, è sn fuftum coa AYN ramofum: @ ims bricatum. The dark branched Sphagnum with fhort imbricated leaves. SPHAGNU M, 2. Ereélum, fe fe fquipolicare | € ramofum, Joliolis, conicis ex- ! ca'oatis patentibus & oblique attenuatis ~ dg mall d erect and branched Sphagnum with hollow | ) . point te: d leaves. f triod 30 2513 yu o ah an [ 8 is H A G N U M 4: Towifimum Fepent poner nitidis, cordato-ovatis, "am- 1 :plexantibus. The DE creeping Sphagnum ith fhining oval leaves, SPHAGN U M 5. Scandens diffufum, mer cordato-acuminatis. rario- ribus amplexantibus Mufcus Ramofus repens plumeri Plum. de 7775 Zmeriéanis. T. 43. -The fpreading climbing mofs with pointed leaves. SPHAGNUM . 6. Fibratum repens; ramulis Jimplicibus minimis affurgen- tibus, Joliolis oblongis crifpis di iftiche fitis. ©, The fibred creeping Sphagnum with fmall fimple branches. SPHAGNUM 7. Tenue aquaticum, Jüberecfum, ramofum, foliolis mi- noribus aproximatis & imbricatis. An, Mufcus — Terreffris minor repens, c. Slo. Cat. 12, & Hift. 1 2 5. '£ +. The flender aquatic Sphagnum | with imbricated leaves. - ; SPHAGN U M. t Reclinatum ramofum longius e tenue ; ; , foliolis rarioribus oblongis ciliatis. The pradig (lender Sphagnum with oblong ciliated leaves. LYCOPODIUM Ramofum erectum maximum, foliis in Pants Mufcus Sguamofus, five Lycopodium altiffimum: Plum. T. 165. | An, Lycopodium Foliis alternis remotis, Se. L. ne plant. An, Bellan-Patsja. H. M. P; 12. t. 39: sats The larger Club-mofs or-Wolf’s-claw.” This large mofly plant is frequent in all the mountainous and fhady ds 'of Şa- maica; X throws out a good many ftrong branches, and rifes commonly from one, to ihràc or four feet; but is apt to ‘ledge When it EE inn fo hiraat and fhoots many {maller roots from every part of | the’ wank, m. oov og that lies contiguous to the ground. SET, w— | DrfP:nJ] ALM ÁAj1,G. A, 85 SRO Bad VE Of foliaceous Moffes with vifible Fruttifications. MARSILEA Foliis quaternatis. L. Sp. Pl. Lens Et lenticula palufiris. J. & C. B. Ray. Hift, Lemma Aquatica quadripbylla. Pk. t. 429. f. 5 An, Nymphea Minor maderafpatana ejufdem, T. 207. f. 6. The four-leaf'd Marfilea. This plant is pretty common in the ponds about O/d-barbour, and in the parith of St. Elizabeth's: it has a (lender weakly ftalk, that creeps along the banks and bot- toms under the water, and emits a few long and flender foot-ftalks that reach the furface, and bear four thin obtufe leaves at their extremities, which are not unlike thofe of wood-forrel either in fhape or fize. MARCANTIA. Zerrefiris viridis, foliis oblongo-lobatis, pedunculis longiori- bus, capitulis palmatis. Marcantia Calice communi quinguefido laciniis margine reflexis, L. S. Pl. Muícus Saxitilis, vel lichen primus petreus latifolius, Sc. Sl, Cat. 13. & | H. p. 69. Common Liverworth. This plant is frequent enough in moft parts of America, and grows on all the moift and fhady banks in the woods and cooler mountains. It is a gentle fubaftringent cooler and laxative; and may be very properly ordered in all the cooling apozems made ufe of in the burning fevers of America ; as well as for thofe foulnefs’s, and exulcerations of the fkin, fo common in thofe parts, It is the principal ingredient in the pulvis antilyffus of the prefent Pharmocopæia of the college, which has been fo much {poke of fome time ago for the cure of the rae: canina. 5 LICHEN. r. Subcinereus maximus, tenuis, varie & tenuiffime divifus. The. afh-coloured large, thin and varioufly diffe&ed Lichen. LICHEN 2. Subcinereus maximus vari? lobatus, lobis oblongis fub- | tus fufcis tomentofis, | The larger afh-coloured Lichen with oblong lobes. LICHEN 3. Tenuis varie lobatus, lobis varie & elegantiffmà pertufis, | b iu & ad margines fimbriatis. 'The fimbriated Lichen. | ^ LICHEN 4. ari lobatus, lobis irregularibus, irregulariterque & ob- tufè crenatis, "The varioufly divided Lichen. Ll CHE Ng. Yard & tenuiter lobotus, quandoque fruticis in modum Lu A ~ divifus, apicibus pulverulentis reflexis. The branched Lichen with feeded tops. A a : Thefe. 86 THE WATU RAL HIS TORY Thefe fpecies of the Lichen are frequent enough in the mountains of Yamaica, ef- pecially thofe of New Liguanee: they are diftinct enough both in the form of the leaves, and manner of bearing their feeds. ANTHOCEROS Niveus, varié lobatus & corniculatus, lobis angu/its integris. The white corniculated Anthoceros. This beautiful little plant is frequent enough in the mountains of New Liguanee, and receives much additional elegance from thofe flender and hollow conic appen- dices that rife from the margin of the leaves, or lobes in every part. The feed- capfule feem raifed above the body of the leaf; they are.of a comprefled form, and open into two recedeing fpiral valves. ma Of Ferns. CNÁ Go EE COE Of Juch as have their Fructifications or Capfule of an inverted conic Form; hollow, and difpofed Separately at the Margin of the Fo- Y —Ciápé, with d fingle Brifilé or Séta in each. TRICHOMANES. +. Minor, repens, fimplex, foliolis oblongis finuatis, .. An, Trichomanes Minor repens, Sc, Pk. t. 205. f. 3. An, Phyllitis Minima fcandens. Slo. Cat. 15. "The {mall creeping Trichomanes or Goldy-locks. TRICHOMANES 2. Simplex, repens, foliis erectis incifis, capfulis biphyliis, Trichomanes Fronde fimplici oblonga lacerata. L; Sp.. Pl. Phyllitis Scandens minima mufci facie,.€c. Slo. Cat. 15. & H. t. 27. The {mall creeping Trichomanes with diffected leaves. TRICHOMANES 3. Major feandens & ramofifimus, fronde tenuiffime divifa. Trichomanes Frondibus fupra decompofitis, pinnis filiformibus linearibus unifioris.. L. Sp. Pl. An, Trichomanes ` Scandens, &c. Pk: Phy. t. 291. f. 2, Adiantum Ramofum candens, Gc. Slo, Cat. 22. & Hift, t. 58, & à Plum. t. 93. The larger climbing Trichomanes. ; Thefe fpecies of the Trichomanes are common in the woods of Jamaica, and fo diftin&t from each other that they need not a particular defcription: the firft and fecond forts are very fmall, and feldom exceed three or four inches in height; but the third is larger, and its numerous foliage: often fhoot above a foot from the climbing root, or trunk of the plant. i PRO TS SECT EU Mg TM 87 S$ EC TIL Of uch as have their Fruttifications di[pofed in Jeparate Spots, and placed immediately under the Margin of the Leaves. ADIANTUM 1..Minimum erectum fimplex, TNT trapextoidibus Jub- imbricatis, iX Filix Parva, &c. Pluck. tab. 251, hia, . The fmall erect. undivided Adiantum, or Maiden-hair. "his little plant feldom rifes above two or three inches from the root ; its leaves and ftalk are very delicate, and the fructifications but few. It grows chiefly i in dry and rocky places, | - ADIAN T PM A891 aul aut vix Sedi caule id 9 amplis trian- gularibus Je WR UA PL Lonchitis Serrata & retufa. Plum. t. Adiantum Nigrum non ramofum nal; CO. Slo, Cat. 21. & Hift. t. 55. fig. 2. i The large leaf'd undivided:Maiden- hair. "This: plant. grows cliiefly in moit and {hady places :, its ftalk is feldom branched or divided, and its leaves are commonly from one to two inches in P. c. and about one and one fourth in breadth... — i i oela oih ewe ADIANTUM 9. 5 ramis. fimplicibus longis alternis rode ferius ia. quandoque divifis, foliis trapezioidibus anguftioribus Adiantam x —— maximum non remun, Gc. Slo. Cat. 21. & Hift, -Adiantum “Ramo Sali dentatis, Be. Pl, t. 97. ol : "Ihe fmall leaf Pd Maiden hair with amido brahbhes. This plant is very common in Yamaica, and rifes generally froma foot and a half, to about two feet or better, in an oblique direction : it is furnifhed with a few ál- ternate fimple branches; and oblong crenated leaves;'but the former are difpofed in a diftich as well as an alternate order), and thofe neareft the root are fometimes fur- nifhed with lateral ramifications alío. ADLANT! UM 4. eet AGS pu Jua majoribus, caule birfuto. An, ‘Adiantum — Eve. "me hairy, falked’ js kin dded Branches This differs but little from the foregoing in its general make and difpofition; but the ftalk is always hairy, and the. leaves large. and open. At rifes commonly to the height of two feet or better." ADÍAN ip UM' sd d. enuitis i piper ramofum, fronde minori ri profund? lobatá, "The flender- Maiden-hait with fhort undivided brama and {mall “leaves. This w THE-ZN-AT U.RAALA.HISITOR Y This plant rifes by a very delicate flender black ftalk to the height of twelve or four- teen inches: its branches are’ very fhort, and furnifhed with a {mall lobed and dif- fected foliage. ADIANTUM, 6. Ramofum,. ramis fimplicibus, fummo caule radiatis. Adiantum — Fronde digitata folis pinnatis. L. Sp. Pl. Lonchitis Radiata. . Plum, t. 100. & Pluck. t. 253. f. 3. The fmaller Maiden-hait with radiated branches. This elegant little plant rifes by a fimple ftalk to the height of fix or eight inches, and then divides into five ‘or more fimple branches.difpofed in a radiated expanded form; which are fuftained, as it were, by a few fimple leaves placed.in the manner of an umbrella or common cup, under theirinfertions. — The leaves are {mall and difpofed in a pennated order. See | _ ADIANTUM. 7. Erecfum. inordinate ramofum, caule tereti, ramulis & pe- BR 7 ne Adiantum “Ramofins, Gc, PER 9 | 0. Adiantum Nigrum Canadenfe, Sc. Pk, t. 254. f1 Adiantum Off. "famaice. — e S The {maller branched Maiden-hair. This plant rifes by a fhining black branched foot-ftalk to the height of fourteen or eighteen inches: it grows in fhady places, and is plentifully fupplied with leaves ; but thefe fall off with great eafe when the plant is dryed. ! ADIANTUM 8, Ereffum majus inordinate ramofum, foliis amplioribus - trapezioidibus cum acumine; caule, ramis & petiolis — atro-nitentibus. | : Adiantum — Frondibus fupra decompofitis, foliolis alternis, &c. L. Sp. pl. Adiantum Nigrum ramofum maximum, &c. Slo. Cat. 23. & H. t. 59. This plant refembles the foregoing both in form and appearance; but it grows toa more confiderable fize, and is often obferved to be half an inch, or more, round the ftalk : it rifes fornetimes to the height of three feet or better, and makes a very beau- tiful appearance in the woods. ADIANTUM g. Ramofum caule tereti, ramulis fimplicibus, fronde compo- ! o ftd profunde obasd;o 501935 np ek PH FR An, Filix — Sexatilis caule tereti, Gc. Pk. t. 180. f. 9. The branched Maiden-hair with a compound foliage. ADIANTUM 1o. Ramofum ad tertiam feriem divifum, ramulis teretibus compreffis, fronde pinnata, laciniis fublobato-deutatis, inferioribus diftinctis. The branched Maiden-hair with a lobed foliage. -Thefe two fpecies have been but little known until of late; I found both in the midland parts of the Ifland, where the latter grows pretty luxurioufly, and rifes fometimes to the height ofi three or four feet. ^ Its {maller branches are very flender; and its delicate foliage divided into diftinét denticulated lobes. ie. > | ADIA- “wn cs.) Oto ee 3 o. o s Y oOr Big] A M A IC: Aj 89 ADI ANTUM. SEL Flavum ramofiffimum, aculeatum; ramulis B frondibus tenuiffmis. dinge drordcdal Sipradecompajis pinnis palmatis multifidis, caule qculeato. L, S Sp. pl. Filix .Ramofa major-caule fpinofo, Bè: ^ Slo. Cat. 23. & H. t. 61. ov This plant is vety much divided, and furnifhed with a great nümber of fhort re- curved prickles;' its branches are’ very flender, and the leaves fmall and deeply cre- nated: it grows in tufts, and is found in greatabundance Above-rocks, and in ma- ny other parts of the Iland. All thefe Species of the Adiantum, are light fubaftringent vulneraries, and may. be Sdminiftered with: great propriety. in all ‘relaxations and weaknefles of the fibres; in purulent confumptions; and.in the ulcerated or relaxed {tate of the glands, efpe- cially thofe of the breaft ; as well as in moft cutaneous difeafes, s ipiscing 4 Of Juch as have their Fruétifications difpofed in fimple Lines, under and sls | the eft y the aoe sor Incifs ons of the Foliage. adel Oo N, CHITI S- 1. Erecfa d: ek: Peres crenatis. | „Any; Lonchitis... Altiffima globuligera, Gcr) Bl..t«33. bi Adiantum Nigrum ramofum maximum, foliis feu pennulis obtufis varie fed pulcberime Jinuatis & dentatis. Slo. Cat. 22. & HL t. $7. _ a The larger ‘Lonchitis wu a $t dn diffcaed foliage. This jen grows very common in the woods : it rifes generally to the height of three or four feet, and fpreads a good deal in its growth: it is eafily diftinguifhed by its fmoothnefs, and the divided Vosa: of its gero LONCHI TIS eoa R rečta AA, aA; bipartitis medio recto looo ff TP PTS “fimplici Tab fig: 1, &2. EE dE tripartite Lonchitis. ^ "This plant rifes by a fimple ftalk to the heig of two or t ee feet, and then di- vides a three' e whereof the middle is fimple; but each of f the lateral divifions is again parted into three fimple branches of a proportionate length : it grows in the mountains of New. Liguanee, and pa mot: been. obferved by either Plumier, or Sir , Hans Sloan. ^ EAS N. [e H I T I S. kd Hiro, he implicit. pennata, lobis oblongis obtusè Lonchitís ` — peri obtufis integerimis, con ramofis bir- Jutis... LS Filix Vilioja prd quercipis. , BR. t. 30. 3 y. This plant- rifes commonly to the height. of four or five feet; it is pner hirfute, and Api found i in the mountains dh Sr Annes, pe AD ALY? i 4 4 WERE Dav Av Lin " {i i "i9 r : is E pee - : j 3 ew Ae hou su ME "Yu : a , Ee ax i d ric . 123 pe, } 15 j » e ` , Pos "M Nd a à " 113112 (tigen 3 i Bribe B b "i | 1 b tlie JJI 0 n : 4 I (0) ig - ? ^ . * TE TEENETE i SM RR ett we . 9 THE NATURAE HISTORY LONCHITIS 4. Subvillfa, cola fimpliciter pinnata, frondibus lanceolaa tis diftinétis profundè lobatis, lobis approximatis integris, The ogai Lonchitis with a lobed. foliage. This plant is very different from either of the other fpecies ; it feldom rifes above three feet, and the lóbes of the foliage are fimple and very near each. other, PWR CT, Iv Of uch as have their Fruttifications difpofed in page under and along the Mur gir 4 st Leaves. | P TERIS 1. Minor fimplex Ts atque San lobis drofundo i in- cifis, daciniis lanceolatis. |. Hemionitis Profandé lacineata, Pl. t.1 52. Pteris Minor divifus: . Pk. t. 286. f. 5. ise Hemionitis Foliis atro-virentibus, Gr. Slo. Cat. 1 5. The fmaller fimple Pteris with a divided foliage. This little plant feldom rifes above four or fix inches frotn tHe ground ; ; Gt is beau- tifully diffected, and of a very fingular form, but varies very much in its divifion and appearance. PT ERIS: 2 Simplex, api S DENEY, lel is a ifs. auritis. Filex Pedicul pinnas gladifo Fries trai dest 3^ k. 402. fL An, Pteris Ay th Simplict dENPGRS fi d longit Ts ei E B» bits int he -— M ig Non ramofa, TENE anguis, $ €. EA. aic t. 69. The fimple Pteris with narrow leaves.. , ,, , . This plant feldom rifes‘above fouirtdell’ oj /fitéen inchés ; ; it grows in aiit and moift places, and is remarkable for its narrow fimple leayes, and undivided ftalk, PTERIS 3: Simplex affurgens, Tos longioribus lanceolatis, petiolis brevibus. Lonchitis yi prunis longis angufliffi Tuque... Slo, Cat, 38s & H. t, E The fragrant Luzan-Férn of Pet. Gaz, t. 63. px 3195.01 51 The larger ereé Pteris with lóñg lanceolàted revel? o - This p lant fprings from a large firm root, and rifes commonly to the height of twelVe'or fixteen inches above the ground, Tomietimes more * it grows in the moft cool and fhady places, but thrives beft i ina tory or gravelly foyl. PEERS 4. pie puis nito in lobos pios ONE icr fetis, Wat € geminata. Er yx "TENE pinnis piitórl fas, mit bipartite. S A Sp. Pl. The fimple Pteris with the lower ribs double. This plant grows in the cooler mountains of New Liguanee : it rifes commonly to the height of two feet and a half, or better, and is eafily diftinguifhed by the regu- lar divifion of its lower ribs. PTERIS Qr E: 8g. A /Mà B I Gy Ai 91 PTERIS. 5. Sefguipedalis ramofus, foliis minoribus oblongis ferratis. Adiantum | bum floridum, Se. Pk. t. 3. f. 2 An, Adiantum Foliis hexagonis.. Pl. t. 37. The branched Pteris with oblong crenated leaves. This is a very elegant little fpecies of the Pteris: it grows commonly in moift and fhady places, and rifes to the height of fixteen or eighteen inches. It is pretty much divided, and the leaves, when young, are ferrated ; but, as it begins to feed, the margin reflects, and none of thefe are feen: it is very common about the cafcade in Sz. Ann's n. TE RIS 6. Rams Sronde profundi lobatd, pinnulis oblongis Tobis denticulatis, The branched Pteris with prickly ribs. This plant rifes to the height of three or four feet, or more, and makes a very ele- gant appearance in the woods. “tis: not common ; I have found it once in the woods Above-rocks, + | PTERIS 7. nen) fronde rariori lobatá, lobis linearibus auritis quan- | | daque fcn fiss likini longioribus. Filix Ramofa, Se, Plum Pteris Fronde fupra dom nfmis bafi pennato-dentatis, terminalibus longiffimis. L. Sp. P Filix Feminea five ramafa json Gc. Slo. Cat. 24. & H. t. 63. (0701 ee The larger branched Fern with a narrow divided foliage. This plant is very common in the mountains of Yamaica : it grows very thick in the moft open fpots, and thrives beft in a ftiff clayey foyl. PTERIS 8. Ramofus, foliis linearibus per pinnas alatas. Pteris Fronde decompofitd foliolis pinnatis, infimis m pe: i termi- nalibus bafeojque longifimis, L. Sp. P An, Pteris : Etc... Pet. Pterig. t. 35, 10. "The fmaller branched Fern with a narrow divided foliage, This plant grows like the foregoing, but never rifes to that hele it loves an open gravelly foyl, and is very common in the lower hills,- ~ | ue e CA § du Fo V. | Of Juch as have their Fruttifications difpofed in fimple Lines extended along the Sides of the main N: erve or Vein of the Leaves. B LEC H NUM 1. Simplex foliis amplioribus oblongis falcatis €? impe- tiolatis, Biechütins ew pennatá, pennis lanceolatis. oppofitis bafi emarginatis, S L] P. / Lonchitis Juxta, ccce pulvurulenta. Plum. t. 62. & Pet. Pterig. t.3. f.g. An, Filix Maxima i in pennas tantum divifa, Sc. Slo. Cat. & Hitt, t. 37. "rhe 'undsvided Behnam with larger oblong leaves. ai | IS w THE NATURAL HISTORY This plant rifes by a fimple undivided ftalk to the height of thirteen or eighteen inches; the leaves are long and pretty narrow ; and the feed-capfule difpofed in two lines along the fides of the main nerve on the under fide of the foliage. S E C ^ MOM VE Of Juch as have their Fruétifications difpofed in freight and fimple Lines on the under Side of the Leaves. ASPLENIUM 1. Acaule, foliis amplifimis, margine inequali & leniter errato, petiolis angulatis € marginatis, — Afplenium Fronde fimplici lanceolatd ferratd. L. Sp. Pl. Lingua Cervina Lengo lato ferratoque folio. Plu. t. 124. Phyllitis on finuata, foliorum limbis, Sc. Slo. Cat. 14. The large fimple Afplenium or Hart’s-tongue with a | | ferrated margin. d This plant is found in all parts of Jamaica: and is generally obferved to grow in tufts. The leaves rife from a thick fibrous root, and fhoot commonly to the height of two or three feet. It grows fometimes upon trees, fometimes upon the ground. yt ASPLENIUM 2. Acaule minus, foliis oblongis, petiolis glabris. The fimple Afplenium or Hart's-tongue with a fmooth | fhining Foot-ftalk. This plant feldom rifes above ten or twelve inches; but grows from a fibrous root like the former, which generally runs in the ground: the margin is even and the ftalk fmooth. It is found in the road through Mayday-hills, and has not been noticed before, or if it has, muft have been confounded with other plants. ASPLENIUM 3. Minimum fimplex foliolis fubrotundis quandoque crenatis. Afplenium Frondibus pinnatis, pinnis cuni-formibus obtufis crenato-emargi- | | natis. L. Sp. Pl. Filicula. Pumila, Se. Pk. t. 8g. f£. 5. The {mall fimple Afplenium with roundith leaves. This little plant feldom rifes more than one or two inches above the root; the {talk is flender and delicate; and the leaves roundifh, jagged and few : the feed-cap- {fules are difpofed in a few fhort lines on the back of the leaves. It grows in the fiffures of the rocks about Port Antonio, ‘T SUT Gand As Sum M ASPLENIUM 4. Simplex minus reffeclens, foliis oblongis crenatis & Subauritis, fummitate aphyllo radicanti. Afplenium Frondibus cordato-cuniformibus indivifis, apice filiformi raa dicante, L. Sp. pl. Afplenium: Minus, Gc. Pk. t. 253. f£. 4. Lonchitis Afplenii folio, pinnulis variis, Ge. Slo. Cat. 16, & Hift. t. 30. -This plant is frequent in the mountains of Liguance: it feldom grows above ten sd E inches in length, and is always found, with the top beriding towards the " ground. . T Wut cn ] ASPLE- OF JAMA TC A §3 ASPLENIUM ‘5. Minus affurgens fimplex, foliis oblongis, margine in- equali crenato. Afplenium — Frondibus pinnatis, pinnis fubrotundis crenatis. L, Sp. PI. Afplenium Minus, Ge. Pk. t. 253. f. ç. Trichomanes Crenulis bifidis incijum. Pl. t. 74. The fimple erect Afplenium with crenated leaves. This plant grows alfo in great abundance about the mountains of Liguanee ; it is very different in its growth, and is found from fix to eighteen inches in height. ASPLENIUM 6. Simplex foliis oblongo-ovatis, caule marginato-alato. The oval leaf'd Afplenium with a margined ftalk. This plant feldom rifes above fourteen or fixteen inches in height ; its leaves are oval and fimple, and the ftalk furnifhed with a margin on each fide : it is very com- mon in Portland, and the Barrack mountains in Wefmorelaid ; and feems to like a fhady moift foyl beft. ASPLENIUM 7. Simplex affurgens, foliis oblongis oppofitis, caule. ge- oo "mitulato, lineis fruttificationis fer? contiguis. O Lingua Cervoimanodofa. Plum. t. 168. . 1 Filix Major in pinnas tantum divifa raras, Ge. Slo. Cat.18. & Hift. t.a r. The fimple erect Afplenium with a knotted ftalk. This plant is very common about the Barrack road in the moüntaihs of Weft more« land : it rifes three or four feet in height, and has the feed-lines fo clofely difpofed on the back of the leaves, that it may be eafily miftaken for an Acrofticum at firft view. i dini ; ASPLENIUM 8. Simplex, frondibus oblongis acuminatis 8 brofund? crenatis, | a Filix Mas vulgari. fimilis, pinnulis amplioribus, Bc. Pk. t: 179. f. 2. Afplenium Ete. Thez. Zey. page 160. PH r. The fimple Afplenium with an oblong and deeply jagged foliage. This plant rifes generally to the height of about three feet : its leaves or pine are deeply indented, and the feed-lines fhort and thick-fet on the back of them. ASPLENIUM 9. Affurgens, fimplex, foliis oblongis, ultimo crenato. Trichomanes | Majus mgrum, Gc. Slo. Cat. 17. & Hift, t. 55. The fimple ere& Afplenium with a crenated upper leaf. This plant generally rifes to the height of two or three feet; the ftalk is fimple and the leaves almoft entire to the uppermoft, which is commonly jagged, or more imperfe&ly divided : it grows in cool and fhady places. ASPLENIUM 10. Simplex willofum, foliis laticeolato-ovatis, leviffime adic 5snrn erenatis, lineis fratiificationis denfiffime fitis. Pteris Fronde pinnatá, foliis ob/ongo-cuatis obtufis fubtus lanatis. L. Sp. PI. Filix Minor rufá lanugine obducfá, Slo. Cat. 19. & Hift, t. 35. The fimple hairy Afplenium. - ! Cs This 4 THE NATURAL jH DS 'DO R Y This plant feldom ‘rifes above: eighteen: or twénty inches, and is foliated: almoft from the root: it grows in the lower mountains of Liguanee, and feems to like a fhaded fandy foyl beft. ASPLENIUM 11. Simplex, nigrum, RAUS Desain. margine quafi laceratis. Filix . Non ramofa Zeylonica,. Sc.’ Thez? Zeyot.432 o T ` The fimple Afplenium with lacerated leaves. i This fpecies of the Afplénium. feldom rifes above fourteen or eighteen inches; the ftalk is black and fimple, the leaves. pointed; and appear! as if ‘torn atthe margin : it grows in the lower mountains of s pi and thrives beft in a free fandy foyl. ASPLENI U M 12. Simplex. minus flavum, Jaliis paucis trapexioidibus ^ quafi laceratis, terminatrice produttior¢. ! dd Minus, Ge, Pk. t. 405. f. 2 illa-panna . Etc. H. M; p.42. t: ITEM The fmaller Afplenium with lacerated. leave | This plant is very like the foregoing both in form and difpofition ; but it feldom - rifes above ten or twelve inches, and the Upper Ica is quip d longe than any of the reft. - uà ASPLENIUM 13. Majus, fimplex, foliis bac dian & Tongioribus, cor- dato-lanceolatis ve ie crenatts, as breviffimis. An, Lonchitis - Glabra ud Plum. t. 6o. 211 asd “The larger ‘Afplentum: Sith the leaves lightly ereriatedy: ‘This plant is commonly found in the moft fhady and mountainous parts of Fa- maica : it grows to the height of three or four feet, and is frequent — in the mountains of 57. Ann's and Wefimoreland, | ASPLENIUM 14. Majus fimplex, foliis nn itis camp ins am- plexantibus. The larger Afplenium with oppofite embracing em This plant, if ever noticed before, has been, ‘confounded with the: foregoing it i it is very rare, and grows generally in the moft retired parts of the woods ferved only one tuft of it, and that, far back in the mountains: of St. Anns : a root, ASPLENIUM ‘15: Smpliciter pinnatum, caule compréfo Wdcinato, T fronde pinnatd, laciniis- fublobato-dentatis inferi- oribus diftinétis, fuperioribus adnatis. Afplenium Fronde compofitá, pinnis oppofitis, Sc, L. Sp, Pi. Lonchitis Dentata, pinnularum cacumine bifecta. Plum. t 46. $a ` The divided Afplenium with margined A "This plant feldom rifes above two feet: it is "beautifully divided and mar- gined, and feems to thrive beft in-a A sA ini si is fas in the lower mountains of Liguame. =. | ^ visi alq imm ASPLE- LETS! grows in a rich fhady foyl, and rifes to the height of five or. fix feet from the. EE ——— E A OR HJ GA MUATHC A. 95 ASPLENIUM 16. Ramofum majus, frondibus amplioribus pinnatifidis, lobis anguflis ferratis patentibus. An, Filix — Zffricana floride fimilis: Pk. t. 87: £5. The divided Afplenium with narrow ferrated lobes. The {maller branches, in this fpecies, are very fimple, and the foliage divided by open interftices into narrow ferrated lobes, which do not join to the bafe, but are connected by a flender fegment of the common margin; the whole plant, if I re- member right, rifes to the height of five or fix feet, or higher ; and is frequently met with in the woods: the feed-capfule are difpofed in two feries on the back of each lobe. ferratis bafi adnatis. This fpecies of the Afplenium is very full of branches, and rifes by an imperfect bodied trunk to the height of feven or eight feet from the ground : it is very difüi- cult to diftinguifh it from the Fern-tree, with which it has been generally con- founded. The feed-capfule in thefe three laft fpecies, as well as in the firft and fome of the other forts, are difpofed in oblong {pots of no great extent: they feem to ap- proach the Polypodium in the general appearance, but may be eafily diftinguifhed when carefully obferved. ASPLENIUM 17. Subarborefcens fupra decompofitum, foliolis anguffis good Epio pne sdT Of [uch Plants as have their Fru&lifications difpofed in Lines that inter fet? each other on the underfide of the Leaves. H EMIONITIS 1. Parajfitica acaulis, folis longis. anguflis utrinque TNR i products. | Hemionitis Frondibus lanceolatis integerimis. La Sp. Pl. Hemionitis Plum. t. 127. Lit. C. : | This plant is commonly found on the trunks of trees in the cooler and more {hady inland woods: the leaves are plain and fimple, and feldom exceed fixteen or eighteen inches in length, when moft luxuriant; they grow in tufts from a {trong fibrous root. HEMIONITIS 2. Parajfitica repens, foliis ovato-acuminatis. . The creeping Hemionitis with pointed oval leaves. This uncommon plant is fometimes found creeping on the trees in the cooler fhady inland woods: the leaves are about two inches long, and one and a half over where broadeft. I have'obferved this fpecies far back in the mountains of S£, Ann se © HEMIONITIS 3. Subbirfata monopbylla fimplex, fronde palmato- — lebatá. | | Hemionitis Frondibus palmatis birfutis. L. Sp. Pl. Hemionitis Subbirfuta, fimplex, Sc. Pk. t. 287. f. 4. —Á Hemionitis 96 THE NATURAL.HISTORY Hemionitis Aurea, birfuta. Plum. t. 131. The hairy fimple lobe-leaf'd Hemionitis. This little plant feldom rifes above five or fix inches from the ground. It is pretty hairy every where, and grows chiefly in low moift places, but thrives beft in a rich luxuriant fhady foyl. "T BR. 7.2 Ni. Of fuch as have their Fru&ifications difpofed in diflin&l round Spots, or [mall Heaps, on the under Side of the Foliage. HEN I firft difpofed thefe plants in the following order, I had not feen Linmeus's method of claffing them, nor his remarks upon the difpofition of their capfule (a); but as I find the fituation of thefe to be of fingular fervice in the arrangement of this intricate and numerous family, 1 fhall endeavour to mention it when ever I recolle&, or can difcover the true pofition of them; though I fhall fill follow my common method, «zz. of beginning with the moft fimple, and go- ing on gradually to the moft divided fpecies. POLYPODIUM . .r. Acaule foliis oblongis fimplicibus, capfulis ferialibus. Phyllitis Arboribus innofcentibus, Sc. Slo. Cat. 14. The fimple Polypodium without a trunk. This plant is very common in the woods of Jamaica, and grows like the firft fpe- cies of the Afplenium both in fize and appearance: the leaves are thin and delicate, feldom under two and a half or three inches in breadth, and eighteen or twenty in length. POLYPODIUM 2. Acaule minus, capfulis duplici ferie nervis interjeltis. The fmaller Polypodium with two feries of capfulze between the radiating nerves. This plant is commonly confounded with the foregoing, though it is very diftin& both in the arcolated texture of its leaves, as. well as the diípoüition of its capfulz. It rifes generally to the height of fixteen or eighteen inches. POLYPODIUM 3. Acaule eretfum minus, margine crenato-lobatéd, apice lanceolato porrecto. The fmall fimple Polypodium with crenated leaves. This plant grows, by a fmall fibrous root, to the trunks of decaying trees, and is commonly found in the moft folitary woods : it confifts of fimple: leaves, which fel- dom rife above three or four inches from the root; theíe are obtufely crenated at the margin's in the lower part; but the top ftretch into plain lancet-like fimple lobes. (a) Thofe that are difpofed in two lines, along the fides or nerves of either the leaves or lobes, I fhall call Lineales ; but fuch as run in a lineal direction from the middle vein, or rib, and lie parallel Ede ma nerves, we fhall call Seriales; and, thofe that are difpofed in no peculiar order, we fhall par 4s. 2 POLY- COTE r nf AKM ATIEG år y 97 POLYPODIUM 4. Minus acaule, fronde inferno partit fuperni lobaté, | 4 €apfulis linealibus. Polypodium Minus, acaule. Pk, t. 290. £1. - The {maller fimple lobe-leaf’d Poly podium. In this plant the leaves rife together from a fibrous root, and feldom grow above five or fix inches in height: the foliage is divided. into fmall diftin@ parts towards the bottom, but as the plant rifes thefé are confounded together, and it becomes a lobed margin on each fide of the ftalk or'rib. It thrives beft in dry rocky places. POLYPODIUM _ 5. Simplex repens, foliis minortbus ovatis, caffulis parfs, Lingua-Cervina Minima, repens. “Plum. t. 118. | An, Polypodium — Frondibus crenatis glabris frudtificationibus Jolitariis. ze Void saure Ss vd SDEdbla. sus a ort-MUIGOSJ idle, Pbylitidi Scandent? affinis minima. | Slo. H. t, 28. The fmall cteeping Polypodium with oval leaves. GG ^ This fmall plant is very rare in Famaica: I found itin the mountains of Sz. Faith's near the fide of the-river,below Mr. Browne's eftate.. It. creeps along the ground, and cafts its finall oval leaves'on -both fides, in an alternate order z thefe feldom exceed an inch and quarter in length, and lie; commonly, clofe upon the ground, or rocks. — POLYPODIUM . 6. Scandens, caule tereti bir futo, foliis fimplicibus lanceolatis, i diis atc tedden KAD/MUS BARDOU c ni o Polypodium. | Frondibus lanceolatis integerinits glabris, Sruttificationibus fo- = diarüis, caule ramofo repenti. L. Sp. P. | ; Lingua-Cervina Scandens, Sc. Plum, t. 119. : ` Polypodium. . Scandens; C9c. : Pk. t.:29o. f. 3. Phylittis . Minor candens, Sc, Slo. Cat. 15. The climbing Polypodium with a flender hairy ftalk. This plant is very common in the inland open parts of Yamaica ; it is a climber, and creeps along every tree that comes in its way : the leaves are about two inches in length, and a third of an inch in breadth,. It is. frequent in Sixteen-mile Walk, and many other parts of the Ifland. > .. not bstalosong! $ 1o 215 godt n POLYPODIUM 7. Trypbillum fimplex, foliis majoribus margine quafi lace- ratis, capfulis fbarfis. TT Hemionitidi ^ ZZ/ffnis filix major trifida; Se... Slo. Cat. 18. & H. t. 42. An, Hemionitis’ ' Masima zrifolia. > Plum. t; 148. & Pett. Pter. t.7. f. 6. iN 2153 The larger fimple Polypodium, with three lacerated leaves. gin, It grows in the more fandy inland mountains, and is pretty frequent in the Wogds a. SAMY: bas choow hedt I vi Ee - " um ee SERE MID 1003 Shit ft! . _ An, Polypodium Fronde ternatd finuato-lobatd, intermedio majori. L:Sp.P. The fmaller three leaf'd Polypodium with a divided foliage. aii 0$. THE NMA!'TUMAT HISTORY Thef little plants rife, three or four together, from a tufted fibrous root, and feldom exceed eight or ten inches in height: their foliage is divided very deep, and each lobe is again deeply crenated in the margin. ~ POLYPODIUM. 9. Simplex minus, fronde ad nervum pennatifidd, laci- | AE. niis linearibus patentibus, capfulis linealibus. | The fmaller fimple Polypodium, with a narrow-lobed open sc cid folage 4 EN This plant feldom rifes above fixteen or. eighteen inches; the ftalk is black. dod delicate, and the lobes, or divifions of the foliage, nearly alike in breadth ; they are generally about an inch long and pretty wide afunder. — — POLYPODIUM io. Simplex, frondé majori ad nervum pinnatifida, lobis : 7 - fubtrenatis longis anguftis acutis, capfulis linealibus, The fimple Polypodium with a large digitated foliage. . This plant grows commonly in an open free foyl: the trunk or rather root, ispretty thick and fhagged, and runs a good way under ground; frorn whence it emits, at certain diftances, fome fimple ftalks with an open divided foliage : this confifts of long narrow flips ftanding in a pinnated order on each fide; but thefe are all connected at the bot- tom, clofe to the main rib, This plant is fometimes found climbing on the neighbour- ing trees; and then the root becomes a trunk of the fame fize and fhagged appear- ance ; and emits its foliage laterally, as it does in the other ftate: the ribs are feldom under two feet and a half. in length, in any ftate, and the narrow fide lobes are gene- . rally abGut fix or Trea ea POLYPODIUM 11. Simplex, caule iui , foliis lanceolatis totå bafi affixis, "inferioribus diflfntlis fuperioribus-adnatis ; capfulis Jerialibus, The fimple flender Polypodium with long narow lobes. . This plant rifes, by a very fmall and flender rib, to the height of twenty fix or thirty inches; its foliage is pretty open, and the lobes very diftinct and feparate to- wards the bottom ; they are of a lanceolated form, and ftick by their entire bafes to the rib; but as they approach nearer towards the top, they are joined together at their bafes, as if it had been but a lobed margin. ! Ces POLYPODIUM 12. Erecfum fimplex, foliis paucioribus €? majoribus ovatis, An, Lingua-Cervina Quingquefolia. Plum. t. 114. Hemionitis Maxima quinquefolia. Plum. t. 146. | Filix Major fcandens in pinnas tantum, Cc. Slo. Cat. 17. & H. t..29, & 41... £L. 2, The fimple ere& Polypodium with large oval leaves. This plants grows moftly in the cool and fhady woods, and feldom rifes more than fixteen or eighteen inches from the ground: its leaves are large, diftinct, and of an oval form. I have never feen any of its fructifications, tho’ I have often obferved it frefh; and have ranged it here only by the habit or appearance, which feems to fhew it is of this kind. ea | POLYPODIUM 13. Ereétum fimplex, foliis oblongis majoribus, inferio- | | ribus auritis fupremis adnatis, capfulis ferialibus. An, —_ PSS emen sm UVP rM COT Fi yf A AMA S AAO A 99 An, Polypodium Simplex, Ge. Pk. t. 289. f. 3. The fimple ere& broad-leaf 'd Polypodium, with diftin& capfula. This plant is furni(hed with broad leaves, like the foregoing ; ; but the capfulz are very diftin&t: the three uppermoft leaves are connected together at the bottom, and the two lowermoft have each an ear, or "rie towards the bafe. It feldom rifes above fixteen or eighteen inches. : P OLYPODIUM 14. Simplex: foliis TWPITRUM integris bafi inequalibus füb- i | auritis, petiolis breviffimis, capfulis fparfis, An, Ealicbirs Altiffima pinnulis utrinque, Bc. Slo; Cat. 16; & Hift. t. 31. The fimple narrow-leaf’d Polypodium. | This plant feldom rifes above two feet and. a half, or three feet in height ; the ftalk or rib is v anid ‘the leaves pointed and entire : "they'are connected by very fhort footftalks, and proje& backwards on each fide of them. POLYPODIUM 15. Simplex, follis nervofis. lanceolatis integris acumis natis ad bafem contractis. The fimple Polypodium with pointed narrow leaves. I have not yet feen the capfule of this plant, and place it here only from the habit which feems to manifeft it of this tribe: itis feldom above two feet and a half in height, and is remarkable for the clofe nervous texture of its leaves. "POLYPODIUM 16. Simplex fubbirfutum, foliis oM Bes cap- . Julis: folitariis. Polypodium Frondibus lanceolatis, PETERE, jutita Jruétificationibus Jolitariis. L. Sp. PL The fimple hairy Polypodium vds jiidetike leaves. This plant feldom rifes above thirteen or fifteen inches: I have only feen one of the kind in the ifland ; I found it at Mr. Cook’s in Sz. Elizabeth's, POLYPODI UM. 17. ie , folis Lriceblati Jor ith gradatim mino- capfulis ferialibus, caule finuato & fubangulato. Kari-beli-panna Etc. H.M. vol. xii t. 17. The fimple Polypodium with a pyramidal foliage. This plant is very fimple, and feldom rifes above the height of two feet and a half: the leaves are lanceolated, and ferrated or indented ; and faftened T {hort foot-ftalks. POLYPODIUM 18: Ereétum fimplex, foliis lanceolatis profunde fublobatis : | Sere equalibus C oppofitis, terminatrici confimihi, capfulis linealibus. Filix Latifolia, pinnulis ferà acuminatis dentata Plum. t, 16. Filix — Zeylonica denticulata, Scs Thez. Zey. t. 44. f. 1 Fix Non ramofa major fürculis raris, Gc. Slo: Cat. 19; & Hif. t. 48. The {imple ere& Polypodium with leaves equally lobed. be plant is very common in the lower mountains of Jamaica. It feldom e above fo THE NATURAL HISTORY above two fect; and is the only one of the kind I have knowti, whofe branches and leaves do not diminifh gradually to the top. POLYPODIUM 19. Simplex, frondibus majoribus oblongis profunde lobatis, inferioribus di diflinclis auritis, mediis dimidiá, , Jupetioribus totá bafi adnatis; lobis Jübcrenatis remotis. | The helat d fimple Polypodium with remote open lobes. ¿This plant rifes generally to the height of two or three feet, and is commonly found in cool aid fhady places. The capfule ate Very >i and feem as if they were difpofed in a lineal form. POLYPODIUM 20. Minimum faele, plis anguftis scenes An, Polypodium Minimum Joliolis anguflis crenatis. Pk. t. 283. The fmalleft Polypodium with flender. ferrated leaves, This plant feldom rifes above four or five inches: it grows in tufts from a propor- tionate fibrous root; and is ami ds -—- — with narrow ferrated, or lobed leaves. POLYPODIUM. 21, Simples & pyramidatum, foliis lanceolatis incifis gra- datim minoribus, lobis approximatis angufits integris, capfuhs fublinealibus. An, Filix. Minor in pennas tantum divifa. Slo, Cat. 18. & us A 43. Filix Non ramofa major furculis crebris, Sc. Slo, Hift. t. 51. ' .Filix Palufiris mas non ramoja, Ge. Pk, t. 243. f. 6. & t. P T I, The fimple Polypodium with deep-cut leaves. This plant is very common about the lower hills of Jamaica : it grows in fhady places, and feldom rifes above two or three feet. PO LYPODIUM 22. Minus y, plex, folis oblongis integris falcatis, fu- pertoribus totá inferioribus auritis dimidid tantum bafi adnatis. Filix Non ramofa major, €&c. Slo, Cat. 19. & Hift. t. 48, The fimple Polypodium with oblong leaves. | POLYE ODIUM . 23. Simplex, foliis lanceolatis integris di jfinétis totá bafi affixts, T tind ere iei T eu Polypodium Simplex, €. Pk. t. 288. | The fimple Polypodium with diftinà leaves, i “POLY EGDIUM 24. eni caule. tereti glabro, foliis petiolatis an- c gufüs fubforrulatis, quandoque auritis, quandoque C digttatis. Polypodium ‘Scandens, E?c. Pk. t. 407. f. 2. Polypodium ,Ezc, Thez. Zey. Tab. Phylitidi Mubifide affinis. Slo, Cat. 19. & Hift. t. 46.. The climbing Polypodium with a flender fmooth ftalk. This {pecies of the Polypodiumde isa climber; and rifes to a confiderable height M alon | OF T J AAM TA TIAG Ai HT 104 along the trees; the ftalk is {mooth and flender, ‘and the léaves 6f a Eres cu and fometimes divided into two or more unequal parts. POLYPODIUM 2 5; Minus P ora i G fimpliciter pinnatum, pas nelis fubovatis orenatis, capfulis. fparfis. The fmaller fabhirfate is divided Pólypodium with fimple branches and oval crenated leaves... | This plant is not common in Jamaica; it feldom rifes above eight or ten inches from the ground, and. fpreads into a branched foliage above the middle y thefe are fimple, and furnifhed. with oval alternate and jagged leaves: both the oa and branches of the plant are adorned with a fine down. POLYPODIUM , 26. Simple pinnatum, pinnis obtuse lob i oribus s Jubdivifis s petiolatis, mediis r. voii 15, jn apfulis t Ph rey V dats ho ey An, ect Etc, Pk. t. 296.: fire, The Folygontum with diftinct and no under branches and obtufe lobes... j This i a feldom rifes above the height of two or three feet, e its dioe: is very fpreading open and large in proportion: the lower branches are much divided, and each of the divifions is lobed again; but thefé\ftand oh peculiat; foot-flálks : the other ribs are obtufe, and flightly jagged, fimple, and cut into diftin& lobes; but the middle pinnz are diftin& at the baie, while thofe above them are all connected by a marginal foliage : the ftalk is pretty fender, . POLYPODIUM 27. Simpliciter pinnatum, pinnis iind Simplicibus profund? finuatis, lobis majoribus crenatis, capfulis . .. Sparfis. ie ... The pinnated Polypodium with an open diffe&ed: foliage. This plant refembles the foregoing very UT in the fize, form, ahd difpofiti ition of its foliage ; but it is diftinguifhed e = oo of its — and undi- vided ribs or branches. — POLYPODIUM. Gn a ia M dk jii — Flaa Jettå, lobis lanceolatis integris, capfulis fparfis. The fubarborefcent Polypodium with a large lobed foliage. . This plant grows very large and buíhy, putting on the appearance of a {muller tree: it tiles i the height of eight or ten feet; and is.compofed of a fhort thick trunk, and branched fpreading arms: It is fometimes met with in the mountains of St. Marys; and is not uncommon Above-Rocks. POLYPODIUM 29. in ramofum minus, olii ib crenatis ‘im minoribus. Filix Mas non ramo ofa, pe. anguis S. Pk. t. 1 80, f. 4. P. fmaller Polypodium with fimple branches and fal crenated leaves. This plant feldom ries above three feet in height; it grows in ici E dads places, and is common enough in moft of the inland parts of the Iíland. . PO V E« | - 402 T H E. NNAITJU BAL HISPORY POLYPODIUM . 30. Minus, pinnis imarginato-alatis & | canaliculatis, foliolis cblongo-cvatis profundà crenatis. Filicula Fontana latiori folio. Pk. t. 180. f. 6. The leffer branched Polypodium with oval crenated leaves and chanel'd ribs. This plant feldom grows to any confiderable height, and is pretty feqiaii in al the fhady vales of Jamaica. P o LYPODIUM 31. Ramofum [candens, sinh patuld Jpeciofa tenuiori, capfulis ad crenas pofitis, ramulis teretibus. Fix Ramofa maxim? pov &c. Slo, Cat. 23. & Hift. t. 60. The larger climbing Polypodium with a minute fpreading foliage. This plant is soci common in the woods in St. E/izadeth’s ; and rifes to a confide- . rable height by the affiftance - of the neighbouring trees: it is remarkable for the elegancy of its fmall and foliage, the lobes of which are very minute, oblong, and jagged, and the feininsl capfulz difpofed at the bottom of each chap or ‘notch, fo that it feems to refemble an Adiantum in fome meafure; but on obferving the {pots with a lens, they are found to have the fame make ánd appearance with thofe of all the other fpecies of this tribe. POLYPODIUM 32. Rinne tenue Saffurgens elegantifime divifum, pennulis marginatis, fronde tenui lobatd atque cre- naid, capfulis fublinealibus. The flender branched Polypodium with a minute : Ípreading foliage. | “All the part of tliis: iplaht are very neat and flender; its foliage is very like that . ef the foregoing, but fomething larger and more clofe; and the capfule, when thick, are difpofed in very regular lines along the back of the lobes; but when they are but few, they do not appear fo SETS It feldom ries above thrce feet from the ground, POLYPODIUM 43. Subarboreum rahimi cofis validifimis, rende majori fimuatá & minus divifa. "The larger Polypodium with ftrong ribs, and a lefs-divided foliage. The ribs of this plant are very large, and rife from a ftubed fhort and thick trunk ; they fpread much, and fhoot commonly to the height of eight or nine feet: its fo- ` liage is very large, open, and irregularly lobed. The plant thrives beft in a rich and cool foyl, and is frequently met with Above-rocks, aey PODIUM 34. Hirfutum ramofum, frondibus oblongis pinnatis 3 ` pinnatifidis, lobis appropinquatis oblongis integris, capfulis linealibus, The larger hairy and branched Polypodium. "This plant is found in the inland woods, and rifes commonly to the height of four or five feet : its leaves are pretty EE cut, but the lobes are fimple and clofe. It is remarkable for its down, — POLY- cS EP—ÉÀ— MÀ 0 ^^ "This plant rifes to a p OFFI AAMIATIAM AS H T - wo POLYPODIUM 35. Maius ramofum, frondibus pinnatifidts, lobis sblongis \Yubcrenatis, paler torte diflinclis fuperioribus i fabadnatis, — Vinealibus -nervulo appro- The larger branched Polypodium with a pinnated foliage. This fpecies of the Polypodium rifes to a confiderable height, and is divided into a number of pretty robuft branches: the leaves or foliage is divided into: oblong and lightly ferrated lobes about half: an inch in. length ;:/thefe are diftinct, and pretty wide afünder towards the bottom; . but. as they MANN the top of the e tie grow nearer, and are connected. at.the.bafe, |... POLYPODIUM 36. y^ ^u tenuius, caule & ramulis 1. is [gua , mofis obfitis, foliis feu To ang ples ad | " ford primatifin, blis iblrgis ferratis © ue uci Lega ond ipm 3 3} A ki " | im E E: he ramous flender Polypodium with ftubbled Aa LR This plant does not rife above three: or four feet j its ftalk and branches are very flender, its foliage delicate, and the feed-capfulz very thin. ^ POLYPODI U M: 37: Ramofum: caule. tereti! glabro; frondibus yeminatis ad nervum pinnatifidis, lobis lineari-lanceolati: at re dead petit oppos, 2 The divided Polypodi um with flender falls adi a lied liec. This plant is not mentioned by either Sir Hans Sloane, ot Plumier; its pinne’ are always difpofed in pairs on common alternate foot-ftalks, nd the lobes of each, bur: and lanceolated, always intire, and rifing at right angles from the main DELVE, , OP O L Y P 9 D. i U. M 38; Ramofum caule tereti nigro, Hex pbuibwaist longioribus ; seer larger d divided Polypodium with: a. ù paired foliage. - either in n form or. iperito», but. imbing, «1 a Ba soramoniy OCRS, NEE, Wave ctt À as fomet ies row in te foreading io [5 are POLYPODIUM 39, Quadrunciale minimum ramofum, cofta alata, foli olis cornu cervi in modum feis. An, Filix : Saxatilis caule tenui fragili. s Ray, Pk ento 8e. f. deeds XO The {mall Polypodium with a divided iclageindd few branches. P OLYPODIU M 40; Caulefcens fpinofum & fimpliciter. ramofum, foliis (vatis leniter incifis. ug M Ser ob ge humilis & Haale pay Plum. t. 3. Polypodium Spinofum, Gc. Pk. Filix Arborea ramofa & Spinfa, Er. t Slo. Cot. & Hift: t. 46. The prickly. Polypoc ium with oval indented leaves. - n iderable height; it i$ eaüly. diftingui he oblong indented leaves and vm ftalk. é by it POLY- i4 T H EA NbAJT U MAk ^ Midas! Elle EE Mel. ein Ge. Plum. t. 1, The Ferntree. E ii . 2 ap id 3 This "ue ans my a Contidertile Ample" hard mt bonos erin A £u height of “twenty or twenty five feet j^ itis; like the other ferns and patins; furnifhed: ‘only, With ribs; which fall off gradually as it rifes, while the new fhoots fpring up fromthe top: ‘it'refembles-the palm tribe *both in’ the ‘form and: ftruGtire:ofvits trunk alfo, being very hard immediately:under the bark, butloofe, foftánd Sirois in the: middle. ide holds for many years, bears all the incletnericy ofthe weather with eafe,: and is frequently ufed, for Pofts i in ee and gether, Jariofans where dbs {aller Palms oe are not at ban iQ aem ES +3 I eoni nothithertó obferve: the Oat copie of the following plants ; buts as the general habit, sod agg ofthe leaves. fcem;to range them in this clafs, I fhall in- fert them h e, until, hn ge whey sn e mir real claffes.. à ip Nr ni PO LYP op IUM ini ‘Simpliciter devi um, ogg roi oe onore fubdivi- yt? sis esflonmid bas Alsi ati :129l sea rissa ssp Sieetissfepeks arstiny hajlata- : nidi viov s debatis; Jobis ubique denticulatis; ioi ai 55e This plant feldom rifes above a foot:and.a half ; -the lower 1 branches afe? divided into three or five oblong foliages, and thefe into oval fubferrated lobes. BARAR IUM 43. “Ramofum, ramis & fic: a RAE P er ovatis ogsilol betisc g bas eisi? : erratis, | Jupenioribusadi av 21 E plant feldom rifes above one or two. itia edi ana is. safily sortun hyithe oval fcrrated form of. its pincer’ and. margined br dis o L ae P FOI b I i M d Ld be T ingh eve pe cope put | LOSS CH fis, nerve,” fubdrkaliéuláto, "Vobis! appropin- petis € yüberenatis, infimis quandoque diflintlis. y the general make of this plant it mu(t rife to the'heightiof thres‘or four feet : its Rise | is very particular, for the nerves of the lobes are very diftinct, the ribs -furnithed with a little down, and the nerves of tHe’ foliage E chandeled and fal of düft ; but I could n not yet obferve me ee ee it. Mun es | aie x +? CTT cre h: d d Y £s T bine ae eee et OTT gato: of ja pl, v whip Tiamina cover the voli Disk, cotonced vor Underfide of the Leaves or Foliage: VA CROSTICUM 1, caule, folia oblongd integro 2 tas nitido pe- ziojato. Lingua-Cervina Angufiflia, Be, "Plum. t dag. «The Leaf- Acrofticum. This plant-is M in;the cooler, mountains of Netw, Liguanees it grows upon the fibrous root ; but it feldom exceeds ten or rocks, and 1 rifes, in tufts from a : twelve inches i in PRA and ls ever r[ furcounded. with. a. thin membraneous Berg. .; à HB. ACRO S- E QE: fF ARM ATIAC A DE ACROSTICUM 2. Acaule, fronde pinnatifidd ad nervum divifd, lobis linearibus bafi adnatis. Filici-folio Polypodium | Ferugznofum minus. Pk. t. 89. f. 9. The fmaller Acrofticum with a narrow-lob'd foliage. This plant is commonly found in low cool and fhady places: it rifes in tufts, and feldom exceeds ten or twelve inches in length. ACROSTICUM 3. Minus finplex, fronde pinnati ifida, lobis linearibus remotis diflinétis totá bafi adnatis. The fmaller fimple Acrofticum with narrow open lobes. This plant ftretches by a fimple flender root upon the rocks, and, at certain dif- tances, emits a few fimple ftalks, which feldom exceed five or fix muita. in length, and throw out many oblong narrow lobes on each fide: the whole plant is of a dry dirty colour, and feldom perfect in its foliage; it is very different from the fore- going fpecies. ACROSTICUM 4 Maximum uliginofum fimplex, coflá craffiori, foliis oblongis- diftinéfts integris. Acrofticum Fronde pinnata, pinnis alternis linguæformibus integerimis rt. E Ap. Ph C. Lingua-Cervina | Aurea. Plum. t. 104. Lonchitis Palufiris maxima, &v. Slo, Cat. 15. The large marfhy Acrofticum with oblong leaves. This plant grows commonly in low and marfhy places: it rifes often to the height of feven or eight feet, and is well fupplied with oblong alternate leaves. ACROSTICUM $ Eređum minimum fimplex, foliolis pekin crenatis vel lobatis. ^ Acrofticum - Ereitum REANO &e, Pk. t. 283. The fmall narrow-leaf'd ere& Acrofticum. ACROS TICUM. 6. Eredum fimplex, foliis oblongis. marginatis € deniter Filix Ma in pinnas gusce iio oblongas, Cc. Slo. Cat. 18. & Hift. 40. The fimple erect Acrofticum with oblong margined leaves. This plant grows in the cooler mountains, and feems to like a free open or gra- velly foyl ; it is found near 57. Mary's, and feldom rifes above three feet and a half from the ground, It is a queftion if it be not a variation of the foregoing fpecies, ACROSTICUM 7. Simplex villofum, foliis lanceolato-ovatis crenatis € übauritis petiolatis minimis. Acrofticum Frondibus pinnatis, nox idi integris ferratis acutis flipi- tibus Jquamofis, L. Sp. P Trichomanes Majus, &c. Slo. Cat, 17. gn Hift. t. 35... Filcula E Gab villofa, Ge. Pet, Gaz. t. 17. f, 13. Trichomanes Argenteum ad oras nigrum, Plum. t.175. © 7 Ef ‘ Acrofticum :6 TEM MAT BRAM H DL$. TO R-Y Acrofticum » Minus, &c. Pk. t. 281. f. 4. The fmaller fimple Acrofticum with oval leaves. This plant is very common in the middle mountains of Liguanee; its leaves are fimple, of a milky white beneath, and furnifhed with a brown down at the margin: the ftalk is pretty flender, and felda {hoots more than ten or twelve inches above the root, AC R OSTIC UM. 8. Simplex, falis lanceolatis irregulariter | difpofitis, Jaca Jfingularibus, inferioribus geminatis vel ter natis, E eh Triphylla, Gc. Plum. t. 144. Acrofticum | Fronde non pinnatá, foliis ternatis lanceolatis. L. Sp. Pl. The ere& Acrofticum with lanceolated leaves irregularly difpofed. This plant grows chiefly in the mountains, and loves a moift, rich foyl; it is commonly found by. the fides of. rivulets, and feldom rifes above two or three feet. ACRO S TIC U M 9. Quadrunciale minimum ramo caule alato, ne | -fenuiori divifo. ` zm he fmall Acrofticai with a divided foliage and margined ftalk. This beautiful little plant feldom rifes above three or four inches from the root ; the ftalk is furnifhed with a rim or margin on both fides, and the foliage is very mi- nutely divided into narrow Pelee diel by “the habit it feems to be of this kind. ^ ACRO s ST I e U M 10. By ufcum. insi: pinnatum, folis parvis. totâ af adnatis, inferioribus diftinétis remotis hafla- tis auritis vel Jublobatis, Juperioribus « acuminatis contiguis: integris. An, Filix Seu filicula, Gc. Plum. t. 40. Acrofticum Fronde pinnatd, pinnis Jefi ee onsen Jinuatis, fummis bre- viffimis integerimis. L, Filix Non ramofa minor caule nigro, es Sii - Cat, 19. & Hift, t. 7. The brown pinnated Acrofticum with narrow leaves. This plant feldom rifes above two feet and a half from the root, and is eafily mede Ut by its brown ftalks, and {mall narrow leaves. A C ROSTICUM 11. Simpliciter pinnatum, caule et ramulis teretibus ni- tidis, fronde tenui diffeéto, lobis diftinétis palmatis | Sublobatis & apice incifis denticulatis, Mn, Acrofticum Minus, &e, Pk. t, 350. f. 3. The flender branched Acrofticum with a delicate diffected foliage. This clegant little plant is pretty frequent in the cooler mountains; its ftalk and branches are very flender, the former feldom exceeding the thicknefs of a large pin; the latter not much above a thick hair : the foliage is very delicate and much divided, and each part denticulated at the top; but the larger divifions are diftinét and fup- ported by narrow foot-ftalks. . The whole plant feldom rifes above twelve or four» Seen inches, and bears its largeft inen the middle of the ftalk. ^ A CROS- FOER HJ JAAM UMT b. € A.H T rog ACROSTICUM 12. Eredtum ramofum, caule €9 ramis atro-nitentibus, | fronde divifá. | The black-ftalk” d Acrofticum. This: plant grows in the moft cool and fhady places i in the lowet lands ; ; its branches are pretty much divided, ‘and \tife‘to the height of twenty or thirty inches above the ground: the leaves are minutely divided, and of a filver colour under- neath, The whole plant feems to have much of the a ger. of a fpecies of Maid- en-hair, ull Yu OL i ee Of Ve as have bee Pruthifications of a gisbular Form, and di ake on 2 Jepa arate AR cce | Osmu ND: A t. Sulis ‘apts IUE Pts um piens lo- & fubcrenatd. Ofmunda Scapis Kos geminis, Jronde bipinnatá birfutá. L. Sp. Pl. ‘Phe hairy Gia with crenated oval lobes. “This plant is pretty common iñ “Yamaice : it grows in cool and rocky places, and feldom rifes above fourteen or fifteen inches from the pene: OSMUN DA “2, Fronde lanċtöalata bipinnata lobata atque Jirrat, llis Bes oa 3n e sobls (nones ofnferioribus: difinis anguftis fubferratis, pos , e 1001 The Ofmund: with lanceolated leaves. This plant grows from an oblong fibrous root, and feldom rifes above fixteen -or eighteen inches : it is very {mooth, and the leaves oblong and ferrated. I have not yet {een the feed-capfule, and have ‘placed it here only from its general habit. Oo S =i U NDA 3. Ramofa; foliis. oribus lancedlatis dice k T hmas L difinilis fronts. : This plant grows eo I a Quee dad Tu ór s NR ; its ftalk and foliage are- very fmooth and fpreading, and its leaves ferrated pretty deep. I have placed it here Sony the habit not having yet {feen any of its fced-capfulz. OSMUN zi A +. Minor quadripolicaris Jimpliciter pinnata, caule finuato sosveozarginato, pinnis oppofitis lanceolatis Jain fim- iq ah . 1. plictbus, mediis auritis, inferioribus a d bafem pennati- „ fidis, lobis lanceolatis diftinétis. The mall Ofmund with a margined ftalk. "T his plant feldom. rifes above four or five inches 5 the lower e area fide but minutely, ferrated. SECT. 108 THE NATUR AL [H ESTO R Y hee OM © as PHEMP CA Of Juch as have their Fruétifications difpofed on fimple diftich Spikes. OPHIOGLOSSUM 1. Spicatum fimplex, folio cordato. Ophiogloffum Fronde cordatá. L. Sp. PI. The heart-leaf'd Adder's tongue. This plant rifes commonly to the height of five or fix inches above the root ;I have feen only one of the fort in America, which was found in the thicket below Mr. Roch’s in Mountferrat. OPHIOGLOSSUM 2. Fronde bifectá palmatd; fpicd centrali. fronde Ophiogloffum Fronde palmata bafi fpicifera. L., Sp. Pl, OPHIOGLOSSUM 3. Fronde bifectd palnatd, fpicd laterali breviori mons- capfulari. apja The fhort-fpik'd Adder's tongue with a palmated foliage. . Thefe little plants are common enough in the woods, and feldom rife above three or four inches: the ftalk is'fimple, and divides into two parts at the top; and each of thefe is again bifected, and bear a bilobed or trilobed foliage, — eroe om ne m e gc com | Of fuch as have their Fruttifications of the Form of a Crefeent, and difpofed on fimple Spikes at the Extremities of the Stalks or Branches. E QUISITUM 1. Afurgens majus, ramis verticillatis fimplicibus. «1 Equifitum Caule angulofo frondibus fimphcibus, Lx Sp. Pl © = dich The larger Horfe-tail with fimple branches. E QU ISITUM 2. Affurgens ramofum 3 verticillatum. pe Equifitum Caule /picato frondibus compofitis, L. Sp. Pl. 'The branched Horfe-tail. "Thefe plants grow naturally in Jamaica * I have obíerved both fpecies about- the river near Mr. Dennis's in. St. Mary's, where they fhoot very luxurioufly. The dryed plants, are ufed by our Cabinet-makers to give a polifh ‘to their work ; for the furface of every part of them is fomething like a fine file, and fur- nifhed with fhort delicate denticles, that rub off the fmaller protuberances of the wood by flow degrees, _and leave the furface {mooth and fhining. CLASS To —————— 8 OTR 1 A aM A "CHA i 109 És Loewy $68. Va Of fuch as have. vifible, tho’ very fmall Flowers, con- cealed in peculiar Capfulz, or common Receptacles. EUR C TL Of Juch as have their Flowers difpofed in clofe flefby Receptacles. Ficus x. mis lobatis fru&tu majori. Ficus. Foliis palmatis.. L Sp. Pl. ptt t T ANS | è i ati d ia a n ig-tree, " This tree has been long introduced and cultivated in the low warm lands of Ja- maica, where it thrives very luxuriantly, and produces a- great quantity of delicate mellow fruit, which is greatly efteemed by moft people in that country. It is plant- ed almoft in all the gardens about King/fon, and rifes often to the height of fixteen or feventeen feet from the ground ; but its branches are commonly thick and fpreading, and frequently require to be fupported. It is generally propagated by the fuckers that rife from the roots of the old trees: But Mr. Miller, who has had long ex- perience, and tried. many experiments on this and the like occafions, recommends raifing of them by layers; which, he fays, always produce more promifing and better rooted plants, and may be removed in a twelvemonth ; but probably fooner, in thofe warm countries where the vegetation is conftant. In pruning thefe trees, he ad- vifes to cut only the naked branches, or thofe leaft fupplied with collateral fhoots. Columella obferves, that this tree thrives beft in an open air, and gravelly foil, which indeed anfwers, extremely well, where the feafons, are. moderate, and the fruit deftined to be preferved; but, in a dry fituation, and when the fruit is intended for immediate ufe, it requires a richer foil, with fome ma- nure, and watering. ournefort, in his travels thro’ the Archipelagus, has ob- ferved, that this tree when caprification (a) is ufed, produces above eleven times more than thofe in the fouthern provinces of France, where the annual pro- duce of a moderate tree is computed to weigh about 2 ; pounds, one year with another. The fruit is preferved by a continuance in the heat of the fun ; but it muft be pick- ed before it grows over mellow, or foft, and íheltered from all manner of damps during the procefs, for which Columella recommends a watled floor raifed about a couple of feet from the ground, and covered with cane tops, ftraw, or other dry fubftances, on which the fruit may be laid; but to preferve them from the in- jury of the weather, he propofes tacked fide hurdles, that may be raifed every night, or in moift or rainy weather, and let down when the fun appears more active. After they are dried properly in this manner, they muft be potted, and kept in a dry warm place ; but in Zia, they país 'em generally thro’ the oven after they have been fome days in the fun, by which means they are enabled to keep them for a confiderable time ; and indeed it is neceflary to take fome fuch method, where they make a principal part of the food of the - EAM (2). 8 FI- (a) See voyage du Levant, Tom. ii. p. 23-4- i (b) Since my writing the above, I have had the following account of this tree froma perfon whofe knowledge in regard to vegetables, can hardly be excelled; and on whofe information we may fafely de- pend. He fays that the tree fhould be hardly ever pruned, or but as little as poffible ; but if it fhould grow too luxuriant, he advifes the ground to be dug up of one fide of it, and about two or three feet ge the ottom #6 THE NDAIT U RAL HISTORY FICUS 2. Arborefcens folio ovato, fructu minori glabro, X An, Ficus Indica maxima cortice caudicanti, Gc. Slo. Cat. 189... ix OT [erii Tbe-Moüpt&in Bigvtiee. ss] es 5 FICUS 3. Arborofcens, foliinoblongh-ovatis, baccis | fulever uctfit, £ The Mountain Fig-tree, with {mall warted Berries. - : d wis Jo ou 9 3 FICUS 4. Arborefcens foliis cor dato- Jagittalrs. KC. (5 ORNA 2 , l^ y \ shoes à ISSO ERR Syr The Hart leafed wild Fig. FICUS 5. Arborea afurgens utringue bracbiata, foliis gvatis, ramis dpi jedi ah diculas tenues flextles dependentes demittentibus. ` Eo Ficus Foliis lanceolatis petiolatis, pedunculis agregatis, ramis radicantibus. i, ^ . Sp. Pl: Ficus Indica SN cortice nigricanti, ce, Slo. Cat. 188. The wild Fig tree, or the Indian God-tree.. ooo woi "This monftrous tree is, at firft, but a weakly climbing plant that raifes itfelf by the help of fome adjoining trunk, rock or tree ; and continues to fhoot fome flender flexile radicles, or appendixes, that embrace the fupporter, and grow gradually downwards, as the ftem increafes: This at length gains the fummit, and begins to fhoot both branches and radicles or appendixes more luxurianily ; thefe «in time reach the ground, throw out many ímaller arms, take root, and become fo many ftems and fupporters to the parent plant; which now begins to enlarge, to throw out new branches and appendixes, and to form a trunk from the fümmit of its fupport- er; which ftill continues in the center of the firft radicles, interwoven in their de- fcent, and at length augmented and connected gradually into a common maf or bo- dy about the borrowed foundation; which (if a vegetable) foon begins to decay, and at length is wholly loft within the luxuriant trunk it fupported. “This tree is very common in both the Ea% and Weft Indies, and a poor defpicable creeper in its tender ftate: it feldom fails when it meets’ with a proper fupport, and generally .. makes ufe of all the arts of true policy to perfe& its growth; but when once comig- pleat, it will live along time, for it throws out many new appendixes for every ones that chances to fail, and each more ufeful, as they fupport the top more immedi- ately: nor is this all, for the roots frequently emit new fhoots, and thefe rife by the parent prop into other trees; and thus one plant is fometimes obferved to raife a whole grove. M ES M Politias © mores binc difcite reges, fid J bottom of the trunk, all the roots (both big and little) to be cut away in that place, and the hole to be filled up with rubbifh, of a dry barren kind ; which, if the fame growth fhould ftill continue, may be tried on another fide the following year. Butif the tree does not bear thick, or the fruit be obferved not to come to perfe&ion upon it, he advifes to cut off the top ftems, or buds, as foon as they and the fruit begin to appear in the fpring. | = SECT, O FIH AAM ATIAG A III SRE O24 ipea wn : | = OF Juch as have their Flowers difpofed very thick, on oblong Supporters, and covered with their membranous Cafes that fall off, as thofe grow more perfect. | | CoILOTAPALUS | 1. Remis excavatis, foliis amplis peltatis atque lobatis, Yarruma Oviedo, Ge. Slo. Cat. 45. & H. t. 88, & 8o. Ficus Surinamenfis multifido folio, Œc. Pk. Phy. t. 243, f. 5. Amboiba Plumeri ; €? Gacirma Mart. 562. ‘The Trumpet-tree, and Snake-wood. This tree grows in moft of the woody parts of the Ifland, where the foil is loofe and free; and rifes commonly to a confiderable height, being feldom under thirty-five or forty feet in the moft perfectítate: The trunk and branches are hollow every where, and ftopped from fpace to fpace with membranous Septz, which anfwer fo many light annular marks in the furface. It fhoots both its leaves and fruit in the fame manner ; and each, while young, is covered with a membranous conick cap, which falls off from the bafe without fplitting, as they acquire a certain degree of perfection. The leaves are large, round, and lobed; and furnifhed with à white down underneath; the fruits rife four, five, or more, from the very top of a common foot ftalk ; and fhoot into fo many oblong cylindric berries, compofed of a numberlefs feries of little affini, fomething like our ftrawberry or rafpberry, which they alfo refemble very much in flavor, when ripe, and are very agreeable to moft European palates on that account. The Botanic characters of this plant, as nearly as I could make them out, are as follow, viz. Periantium Commune. Spatha conice bafi defidua. 7 c c Receptaculum. Spadix quadri vel pluri brachiatus, brachiis fimplicibus ob- longis,cylandraceis, acinis minoribus numeroftsrefertis, qua etate cre[cunt,C9 abeunt in totidem baccas acinofas dulces. ee .. Partes propria generationis fic videntur. = — Periantium. Singulo brachio fpadicis incidunt caliculi numeroft, carnoft, mi- | mimi germina totidem involventes. ; v : Corolla. Corollula minima infundibuliformis, limbo ampliato antheris numerofis minutiffimis referto. Piftillum. Germen ovatum calicula inclufum, &c. Recept. commune. ` Bracbiumfibrofum fpadicis, acinis baccatis refertifimum, The wood of this tree when dry, is very apt to take fire, which it frequently does - "by attrition ; and has been, for this reafon, much in ufe among the native Indians, who always ufed to kindle their fires in the woods by thefe means. The bark is ftrong and fibrous, .and frequently ufed for all forts of cordage : the fruit is very delicate, and much fed upon by the pigeons and other birds, who by this means fpread and pro- pagate the tree in all parts of the ifland: | and the fmaller branches, when cleared of the Septa, ferve for wind inftruments, and are frequently heard many miles among thofe echoing mountains; they yield an agreeable hollow found : I have feen fome cut and holed in the form of a German flute, and have not been difpleafed with their notes. ‘The trunks are very light, and the moft appropriated timber for bark-logs, ‘where fuch conveniencies are ufed ; which is often the cafe among the poorer fort i people, 112 THE NATI BAL HISTORY people. The trunk and branches of the tree, yield a great quantity of fixed falt, "which is much ufed among the French to defpumate, and granulate their fugars : ‘fuch a mixture is always neceffary in the manufacture of that commodity ; and tho’ the alkaline falts of lime are generally fufficient; yet, when the juices are thin and clammy, a ftronger and more, active falt is requifite, and will always añ- {wer the trouble of obtaining it. 3 This plant appears in two diítin&t forms in the woods ; it grows fometimes very luxuriantly, and then bears but four or five berries on each common fpadix ; fome- times it rifes hardly above fixteen or twenty feet, and then the berries are more nu- merous, generally ten or more on each ípadix, and the bark is more tough and fibrous, Quere, If they may not be two diítin& fpecies ? e ES = db E ED LI Of the more perfe& Plants; or füch as bear diftin& and apparent Flowers and Fructifications. GL A8 8 b Of the Monandria, or fuch as have only one Filament or male gene- rative Part in every hermaphrodite Flower. SH G6 TN Of Juch as have one Filament, and one Stile, or Female Part in each lower’. SALICORNIA 1. Apbylla ramofa, ramis in [Dicas abeuntibus longas anu- | latim areolatas. Salicornia Articulis apice compreffis emarginatis bifidis. L. Sp. PI. An, Salicornia Caulium remorumque articulis apice bicornibus. Gron. fl. | Virg. 129. This plant is found in great abundance at the Zurrougb in St. Sfamess: It grows in the low falina near the fea, and feldom is above eight or eleven inches above the ground: It has but one ftamen to every ftile. ‘The whole plant abounds with a neutro-muriatic falt. | MARANTA r. Foliis lanceolato-ovatis, petiolis fuperne ganglionofis fructu | glabro. Maranta & Thalia. L. Sp. Pl. an Alpinia ejus. Gen. Pl. Canna Indica radice alba alexipharmaca, €9c. Slo. Cat. Indian Arrow-root. t This plant is cultivated in many gardens in Jamaica, where it is confidered as a warm Ò Fl Hy AAMMATIAG AH Y. are warm alexipharmic, and thought to. refit the force of poifons very “powerfully ; but its chief effects feem to depend on its abforbent and lenient nature, having but few warm particles in its compofition. The root wafhed, pounded fine, and bleached, makes a fine powder and ftarch : it has been fometimes known to-be ufed for food lati other provifions were fcarce, (o is frequently adminifered ininfufions to the fick : the plant grows from a thick lefh iy root, and fhoots by a fimple foliated Ralk- to the height of two or three feet, and terminates in a loofe and fomewhat branched flower-fpike : it was called Indian Arrow-root, becaufe it was thought to extract the peiton d from the wounds inflicted by ers arrows of the Zydians. — 256 X NUN Aj; Capfulis m qs Hj. E apos - Canna "Spatulis brfforts. ^ "T Canna 4Jxdica Rn, Be. EN - p. 121. Cannacorus —Zafifol. vule. 'Tournf. & Thez. Zey. 5. Pag. 2. — K3tu-Badlo H. M. P. ii. t. 43. & Meeru. Pi. pag. 212. Tozcuitlapil. Hern, 282. Į] “Indian fhót. This plant 3 is common in Jmoft parts o Jamaica s it rifes commonly about four feet from the ground, ‘and is furnithéd with large oval‘ leaves near the bottom: the top fhoots into a fimple flower-fpike, and is-adorned with red bloffoms, which are fucceeded by pretty large oval and echinated capfule containing. large round feeds, from the fize and form of which it derives its prelngt- appellation in thofe parts, AMOM U M 1. — s fei vei, foribus Spicatis, t Marantha, «La Sp. $ t ‘Zinziber Silvoffre eios E... .. Slo, Cat, p. 61. & H. t. 10 6s. The lefier Amomum with a foliated ftalk.. i "This plant is found wild every where.in the woods of Yamaica; it grows from à flefhy root, and fhoots by a fimple foliated ftalk to the height of three or four feet, and then terminates in a fimple flower-fpike.o As the botanic characters of this lant have ap but ES ES. before, 1 L fhall fet om. doves here at MEN £ VISUS asi iki e : ah E. d yv ON eii AEST T Periana. Manopbyllum breve CEA gemini spears p giay in fría ! egmina obtuse fectum, s d in Corolla Monopetala tubulata | calice duplo longior, fauce parum anpliete; ore in io atot adi ni iberta Jegmina equalia obtuse feéto. oii NeGatium, E d.e tubi emergit Nectarium ovatum latius; €? è parte buic op- = & flamina. oo pofita, .furgit, Stamen unicum breviffimum, antherd oblonga bia : lobd & longitudinaliter canaliculaté ornatum. „Si Piftillüm. Germen IAA "ebtuJuni y “fylus Jümplex s ftigma’ obfufum, quod cum , parte fuperiori fiyhi in fu anthore vevonditur. ie piis Jubrotunda - obtuse trigona trilocularis trivalvis, fus: - Jeculamentis binis vel quatuor feminibus refertis, "The root of this plant ‘pruifed. and applied by way. of -soultee, is ot to be. an admirable remedy in open cancers, Sh. Se. i AMOMUM 2. Scapo florifero partiali aphyllo, fpicd ing Amomum Scapo nudo, fpicd oblongá obtusd, L. H, C, & p. PI "Paco-Cetoca Pifonis, page 213. 4: CAP Hibas g pART HL 1i HB NATU IK AA HISTORY Zerumbet Of. Dale. & Pet. Gaz. t. 22. f. 3. & Caffamunier off. ejuf- em vite 22. Zinziber Si/vefire majus, Sc. Slo, Cat. 61. & H. t. 105. The larger Amomum with a diftinct flower-ftalk.' This plant is frequent enough in the woods, and grows commonly to the height of five or fix feet; the ftalks are fimple, and furnifhed with oblong leaves, that de- creafe gradually towards the top: the flowers grow on particular ftalks that fpring im- mediately from the root without any foliage ; but thefe feldom rife above one or two fect from the ground. | | The root is warm, and ftimulates very gently ; it is not much ufed at prefent, but may be very properly adminiftred as a ftomachic and alexipharmic in cafe o need. -—— $ CLA S S-F ‘Of the Diandria, or fuch as have two Filaments or male generative Plants in each hermaphrodite Flower. EC T.I Of Juch as have two Filaments or Stamina, and one Stile or female Part, in every Flower. | QLADIUM 1. Gamo nodofo, foribus quafi umdellatis, umbellis gra- ; datim affurgentibus, ; The large florid Cladium. This plant grows commonly in marfhy ground, and rifes frequently to the height of four or five feet above the furface; the ftalk is hollow and jointed, and furnifhed with a few triangular fharp-edged fedgie leaves; thefe are vaginated at the bafe, and embrace the main ftalk for the fpace of two or three inches above the joints: | from each of the upper vaginz, fprings a lateral compreffed and flightly vaginated peduncle or fupporter which divides foon after into a number of radii in the form of an umbrella; thefe are again divided, and fubdivided until, at length, they become the fimple foot-ftalks of the following flowers, and fructifications, viz. Perintium, Guma quinque valvis uniflora, valvis imbricatis, exterioribus bre- vioribus, fuperioribus majoribus. florem involventibus, : Corolla. Gluma univalvis genitalia ftricte involvens. Nectarium, Sete geminae inermes à dorfo corolla verfus bafem enata. Stamina. Filamenta duo breviffma, anthoris oblongis fulcatis margine laterali Jloris utrinque obvolutis, & ad latera flyli pofitis. Piftillum. Germen ob atum, flylus fimplex longitudine calicis, fligmata tria tenuia cirrata deflexa. Pericarpium. Nullum femen unicum oblongo-ovatum, NYCTANTES 1. Caule volubili, foliis. ovatis, floribus terminalibus fernatis, - a | Nyctantes DiE if A MIN 1.C-À. 115 N yétantes Caule volubili, foliis fubovatis acutis. L. H. C. Nyétantes Foliis inferioribus cordatis obtufis, fuperioribus ovatis acutis ejufdem. H. Up. & Sp. Pl The Arabian Jeffamine, or Jafmin, This plant iscultivated and thrives in moft of the gardens of Jamaica; it forms a fhady pleafant arbour, and its delicate flowers afford a very agreeable fcent. JASMINUM 1. Volubile, foliolis pinnatis oppofitis. Jafminum, Foliis oppofitis pinnatis. L. H. C. & Sp. PI. | The Spanifh Jeflamine, or Jafmin. This plant is cultivated in the gardens of ‘famaica like the foregoing, and ferves for the fame purpofes ; it climbs pretty faft, and forms a fhady and pleafant arbour : it thrives very well in all hot COMES - | pee JASMINUM 2. Fruticulofum, foliis ovato-acuminatis minoribus rigidis | oppofitis. The {mall {hruby dwarf- Jeffamine, or Jafmin. This is a native of Jamaica, and grows very plentifully in the parith of Ports land; it fhoots in {mall tufts, and feldom rifes above a foot or two from the ground, Its leaves are very {mooth and fhining. OLEA 1, Fi lanceolatis, ramis teretiufeulis, L. H. C. Olea Foliis lanceolatis. L. Sp. Pl. The Olive-tree. This plant has been introduced here fome years ago, and cultivated at Mr. E/Jis's at the Caymanas, where it now grows to the height of fifteen or twenty feet, but has not yet bore any fruit. It isa pity that the gentlemen of this Ifland have not been equally induftrious in procuring fome of thofe valuable vegetables that grow fo luxuriantly on the neighbouring coaft, and add fo much to the riches and trade of the S?ani/b fettlements upon the main. ; When this tree does not bear, or grows lefs fruitful, Cato advifes to dig the earth from about the roots, placeing fome ftraw or litter in its room; and then to put fome rich manure over this (a). ^ VERBENA r Erecfa divifa, fpicis è divaricationibus fupremis affurgen- tibus. frequently ufed in mixtures, fomentations and plaifters, Its diethetical and mechanical ufes are too well known to need any further notice. Verbena 6 "RH EAMOWT URM BEB HISTORY Verbena | Folio fubrotundo ferrato, flore ceruleo. Slo. Cat. 60. d Verbena Scutellarie five cafide folio, Gc. * Pk. t. 70. f. 1. The larger erect Vervine. ‘This plant has been commonly confounded with the following fpecies, from which it-is eafily diftinguifhed by its growth and appearance; it is commonly di- vided into a great number of branches, and generally rifes from one to two feet, or more, above the root. ; - VERBENA. 2. Procumbens ramofa, foliis majoribus, fpicis longiffimis lateralibus. Verbena Diandra, fpicis longiffumis carnofis fubnudis. L. Sp. Pl. bs The reclining branched Vervine. This plant grows in a fupine pofition, and is commonly furnifhed with a few fimple branches, which, like the main ftem, terminate in a long flower-fpike, and are fur- nifhed with pretty large and fucculent leavés: the whole plant is kept in moft of the fhops of America, where it is much in ufe among the poorer fort of people ; its juice isa {trong purgative; the infufion diaphoretic and laxative, and the decoction aperi- tive and diobftruent. A deco&ion of this plant and the Menfaffrum is efteemed a fpecific in dropfies. See Sloane's, Ge. | VERBENA 3. Nodifora repens foliis ob-ovatis fupernà crenatis, pedun- culis longis folitarits, floribus conglobatis. Verbena Tetrandra, fpicis capitato-conicis, foliis ferratis, caule repenti, pe. | The round-leaf'd creeping Vervine. This plant is véry common inp the low moift lands of Jamaica : it is eafily known by its obtufe crenated leaves, and round-headed fpikes. VERBENA 24. Subfruticofa rechnata, foliis anguftis ferrato-dentatis, pe- a | duncults longis folitarizs, floribus conglobatis. T. 3. f. 1. Verbena | Diandra, [picis ovatis, foliis lanceolatis ferratis, caule fruticofo, Gir Bop, RE The larger reclining Vervine with narrow leaves. This plant grows about the Ferry and lower lands of Sz, Katherine’s ; it is bian- nual or triannual, and ftretches by a flender lignous ftalk to the length of about five or fix feet from the root: it grows in a rich and moift foyl, and is furnifhed with a great number of oblong ferrated and veined leaves that are adorned with a fine down’ underneath: If I remember right, there is a figure of itin Pluck. The flow- ers are difpofed in the fame manner as they are in the foregoing.. | VERB EN A. 5. Foliis cordato-ovatis, floribus fpicatis, calicibus inflatis, a201filliba siod: eminibus ecbinatis. j Verbena doppia calicibus fubrotundis ere&iufculis feminibus echinatis. - Blairia Houft, & Scorodonia, &c. S/o, Cat. 66. & H. t, 110. “in, Heiba-vulneraria. Mart. 4 x. . "The ftiptic or velvet Bur. - o This GN SM Och HJ] AAA M UAT F. O A. I17 This plant is a fine vulnerary and fubaftringent, and is commonly applied to bleed. ing wounds in either men or cattle by the inhabitants of the country patts of Fa- maica ; it is thought to be fo powerful a ftiptic or aftringent, as to ftop the hemor- rhage even when fome of the more confiderable arteries are cut; and may be deferv- edly confidered as an excellent application in all manner of fores where the habit is relaxed. The flowers of this plant are furnifhed with four unequal ftamina, and the fpikes interruptedly verticillated. VERBENA 6. Hirfuta, foliis ovato-acuminatis atque ferratis, fpicis tem ^ muifimis plurimis, caliculis Jubadnatis. An, Verbena Tetrandra Jpicis. filiformibus paniculatis, foliis indivifis, Sc. L. Sp. Pl. | | In foribus bujus plante flamina femper duo, © adnata funt ; feminaque quatuor oblon- ga aglutinata. ae AAS 2nd | The hairy Vervine with Aender fpikes. This plant grows pretty common in St. Mary's ; and feldom rifes above two feet and a half from the root: itis rare in moft other parts of the Ifland, altho’ 1 have met with a few fpecimens about the Ferry. It thrives beft in a cool and rich foyl. "SALVIA r. Spicata repens, Melije minori folio, foribus Fafciculatis alternis. Verbena Minima Chamedrios folio. Slo. Cat. 64. & Hift. t. 107. Verbena Diandra [picis laxis calicibus alternis, Sc. L, Sp. Pl. ndn : The creeping fweet-fcented Sage. - "This little plant is found creeping under every hedge and bufh in the lower lands; and runs frequently to the length of two or three feet, but it always roots at the lower joints : it has a faint fmell of balm when firft pulled, and may be naturally fubítituted in the room of that plant; tho’ it is not fo ftrong a cephalic. — US ey ay 9.302 339.7073 77 clots integris crenulatis, foribus Ipicatis, caliculis acutis. L., H, C. & Sp. Pl. - Salvia Rubefcens S viridis off. i "Y " TN qs ù à it ci S mT s : t EI EEA Oe E A Lo MEME cro ELE k cut í ke 3991457 y M T CENA ew A oa quisuam Sig NU -faee. — iie - NUMERI TS an a "3 3 - "This plant has been cultivated here a long time, and is chiefly planted in the mountains where it thrives and grows to great perfection: itis a gentle cepha- lic and diaphoretic ; and is generally adminiftered in infufions. ROSMARINUS . r. Fruticofus incanus, foliis lanceolato-linearibus. Rofmarinus L. H, C. $c Sp, Ph p-n- Rofmarinus Of. "E Rofemary. | This plant has been long cultivated here; but does not thrive well in either the high or low lands; though it grows fufficiently to fupply enough for common ufes: it isa warm cephalic and aromatic ; and an excellent ingredient in difcutient baths. | DIANTHERA 1. Foi: oblongo-ovatis cum acumine; [picis florum geminatis. The double-fpik'd Dianthera. | li This 118 THE NATURAL HISTORY This curious little plantis very rare in “famaica; I have feen one or two fpeciz mens of it in the woods about Mangenee/, where it feems to be moft common: it feldom rifes above eighteen or twenty inches, and bears its flowers at the alz of thofe leffer leaves that conftitute the greater part of the fpikes; but as it differs very much in the general characters from what has been already defcribed under this name, I fhall give thofe of this plant here at length. Periantium. Duplex, exterius byphyllum, foliolis anguflis naa s ; interius z70- nophyllum, ad bafem fera fettum in quinque lacinias lanceos latas minores: Corolla. Refa pereat ringens, labio fuperiori recto oblongo; inferiori oblongo tri Stamina. incus duo longitudinis ferè corolla, antheris gemellis oblongis fin- gulo incidentibus : rudimenta vero duorum ftaminum in fundo Joris pullulant. Piftillum, Germen oblongum, Saws Jimplex longitudine flaminum ; figma fi fi mplex. Pericarpium. Nullum. Calix connivens in “fom Jemina fovet. Semina. Duo oblonga, comprefja, erecta, ferà adnata, ad Prunellam accedit. DIANTHERA 2. Foliis lanceolato-ovatis, racemo fpatiofo affurgenti, p» cillis verticillatis. Antirrhinum Minus angu/lifolium flore dilute purpureo.. Slo. Cat.59. & H..t. 103. | 'The large Dianthera with a loofe fpreading flower-top. This plant grows commonly i in the low lands, and is frequently met with about the Angels beyond Spani/btown ; it rifes generally to the height of two or three feet, and is plentifully furnifhed with flender fubdivided branches near the top: it differs widely in characters from that already mentioned, for which reafon I fhall put down the moft effential marks of it at large. Periantium. pus t ce in quinque lacinias erectas pra ad bafem fu Jectum Corolla. Tubulata ringens, tubus turgidus; labium fuperius rectum ovatum; in- — ferius reflectens tridentatum, fauce variegatd. Stamina. Filamenta duo longitudinis fere corolla, anthere fingulo gemelle, dif- tine, alterá paulo majori, Pericarpium. Capfula oblonga obversé-ovata bilocularis bivalvis, valvis: diffe- pimento oppofitis. Semina. In fingulo loculamento bina, comprefja diffepimento affixa. Lp IANTHERA 3. Foliis lanceolatis, foribus Jpicatis, calicibus duplicatis. ! Garden Balfom. | This plant i is cultivated in fome of the gardens of Jamaica, and feldom rifes more than ten or twelve inches in height: the anther@ are not fo diftin&ly feparated in this fpecies, though the other characters agree. JUSTIC lA. 1. Herbacea affurgens, ad alas alternas nodos © fummitates ; folis paucioribus ovatis is petiolis longis inciden- tibus. Tab, 2, fig. 1. The branched Jufticia with oval leaves. This beautiful plant is very common about the Ferry, and flowers generally about the SS a GEEE cá Of: AAM ATAG A i19 the month of Yuly or Auguft : it rifes by a flender ftem to the height of about three feet from the ground, and fhoots into a great number of branches that grow gradu- ally lefs as they aícend, and are difpofed in an oppofite order as well as the leaves from whofe ale they commonly fhoot.. The generic characters of this plant are as follows. | Periantium. Triplex; exterius parvum bipartitum, laciniis ahguflis ereétis acu- tis; medium guinquephyllum mints; interius minimum mono- | phyllum quinquepartitum, laciniis erectis acutis. | Corolla. Monopetala nutans tubulata ringens & lateraliter compreffa ; tubus ad bafem anguftus, ultra amphatus falcatus; limbus tn duas lacinias profunde fettus, fuperiori indioifd majori recta ; inferiori anguJ- tiori integra © leniter reffexá. s Stamina. Filamenta duo infernè tubo adnata fuperné libera, fub labium fu- Tl at Dott, Jongitudine floris ; antberee ovate. | Piftillum. Germen oblongum, fiylus fimplex longitudine & pofitione ftaminum; fiigma fimplex. Pericarpium. Capfula compreffa obverse-cordata, bilocularis; bivalvis. Semina. Orbiculata, compreffa, folitaria. UTRICULARIA — r. Foliis capillaceis ramofis, Japo affurgenti nudo fuperné ? mure ramofo. The fmaller Utricularia with a branched ftalk, and capillary leaves; This elegant little plant is very common in all the ftagnated waters about the Ferry, and in the parith of St. George's: it feldom rifes above four inches from the root, and bears a beautiful fucceffion of {mall yellowifh flowers. ZINZIBER.. 1. Foliis lanceolatis, floribus fpicatis, feapo florifero partial: Amomum Scapo nudo, fbicá ovatd. L. H. C. & Sp. PI: Zinziber & Gingiber . Of. & Zingiber. C: B. Slo. Gat: 60. | c Zinziber Anguftiori folio famines, Gc. Thez. Zey. & Jníchi. H. M; Part xi, t. 12. ie Ginger. - > This plant fometimes is cultivated with great care in our fugar colonies, and fre- quently furnifhes a confiderable branch’ of their exports ; but as the demand is uncer- tain, and the price very changeable, it is not fo regularly planted às fo valuable à com= modity ought to be: It is propagated by the fmaller pieces, prongs, or protuberances of the root, each of which throw up two different ftems; the firft bears the leaves, and rifes fometimes to the height of three feet, or more, though its ufual growth feldom exceeds fixteen or eighteen inches: when this fpreads its leaves and grows to a fall perfection ; die fecond {talk fprings ‘up, which is alfo fimple, and furnifhed only witha few ícales below, but. atthe top is adorned with a roundifh {quamofe flower-fpike ; and feldom rifes above two thirds of the height of the other. . The plant thrives beft in a tich“ cool foyl; (that lately cleared is the beft,) and rows fo luxuriantly in fuch places, that I have fometimes feen a hand of ginger weigh near half a pound (2) : it is, however, remarked that fuch as are produced in a more clayey foyl fhrinks lefs in fcalding, while thofe raifed in the richer free black moulds are obferved to lofe more confiderably in that operation: D The land laid out for the culture of this plant, is firft well cleared and hoe’d, then flightly trenched, and planted about the month of March or April: it rifes (a) The larger fpreading roots are called Hands in Jamaica, fo 120 THE N;AjT U RAL HIS 150 R Y - to its height and flowers about September ; and fades again towards the end of the year. When the ftalks are wholly withered, the root is thought to be full grown and faturated, and then fit to dig; which is generally done in the months of Fatu- ary and February following. When thefe are dug up, they are pickéd and cleaned, arid then fcalded gradually in boiling water (b) : after this they are fpread and expofed.to the fun from day to day until the whole be fufficiently cured ; they are. then divided into parcels of about one hundred weight each, and put into bags for the market : this 1s called black Ginger. p ea The white fort differs but little from this; it is, however, more ,agrecable. to the «Cbr Periantium. Spatha duplex uniflora, exterior membranacea. conica florem laxe : cingens, interior..membranacea tenuior €? minor tubo foris adnata, © limbum cum genitalibus firicle involvens, in conum acuminatum leniterque comprefum produéta. | Corolla, Monopetala, inferne angufta tubulata, germini incidens ; limbus tripar- & Nectarium. titus, laciniis. oblongo-ovatis: medio majori:: è finu: buic oppofita : emergit. Nectarium | eraffum oblongo-ovatumy 4n. acumen finuatum I definens.. iles A ton ai ti isldessuedo View orig SAF BIS Stamina. Filamenta duo tubo floris adnata; anthere craffe ne&lario adnate: rudimenta vero totidem. fupernà. libera per longitudinem tubi pora recta, mullijque antheris. donata, lacinie majori floris fuppofita Li | unt, Apu GG rin SMS 25 bim '. Piftillum. Germen fubrotundum fiori fuppofitum s flylus restus fimplex longitu- à dine floris, €8. inter antberas porrectus: fligma craffius tubulatum Hs onn € ciliatum. 5. , iode -— 031 bist bars: Pericarpium. Capfula fubrotunda unilocularis, . obtuse-triloba, tribus lineis ta. gos longitudinalibus interné notata. ; Semina. | Plura, &c. fed plerumque.abortiunt,; | | ( ?) For this purpofe they havea large Kettle fixt in the field or fome convenient place, which is al~ ways kept full of boiling water during the whole procefs ; the picked Ginger is divided into fmall par- cels, put into: bafkets, and dipped one after another in the. boiling water, in which each is kept for the fpace of ten or twenty minutes; it is then taken up and fpread upon the common platform ; and thus they proceed until the whole is fealded but they always take care to chaáge the water when it is highly impregnated with the particles of the root. Basi oim Saiten 1 : | | The 1 E OF J AMAA CGC A, yár The root of this plant is a warm pungent aromatic, and anfwers in all weaknefles of the ftomach and vifcera proceeding from cold, or inertion: when preferved it is mild, and generally ufed as a ftomachic, though not lefs effectual in defluxions of the breaft, or weaknefs of the nerves; but the other coarfer preparations of it are ufed more by thofe who are obliged to bear the inclemency of the weather in the colder regions, and require fome warm ftimulants to rarify their chilly juices, as well as to promote the tonic action of their contra¢ted fibres. ETE £-..I..— i Of Juch as have two Filaments and three Stiles in every Flower. . 3 "Pri PER 1. Frutefcens diffufum ramis ffexilibus geniculatis, foliis ovatis | : quinguenervits, ad petiolum leniter revolutis, Piper Foliis lanceolato-ovatis quinquenerviis rugofis. L. Sp. PI. Piper Frutex Americana, &c. Pk. 215. f. 2. Saururus Frutefcens, foliis plantaginets, fruciu breviori, Plum. lNhandu Pzfoni;. The fmall-erain'd black Pepper. This plant grows very common in moft of the hilly parts of the Ifland, and looks very bufhy and fpreading on account of its flender flexile branches; it begins to di- vide very near the root, and rifes in tufts, frequently to the height of fix or eight feet or more ; it thrives beft in cool fhady places, and feems to delight in a mixt clayey The feeds and other parts of the fructification grow in the fame manner with thofe of the black pepper of the Eafl-Indies, from which they differ only in fize ; for the grains of this feldom exceed a large muftard-feed in dimenfions, but the tafte and flavour is in every refpe& the fame: the leaves and growth of the fhrub very nearly refemble that delineated in the Hortus Malabaricus, but the plant is neither fo luxuriant or fucculent. | I have had a large quantity of this fpice gathered for me, and have generally ufed . it for many months; but never could perceive any fenfible difference between it and that of the Eaft whether ufed either in cookery or feafoning. | To gather any quantities of this aromatic, it muft be picked when full grown, and before it ripens ; for, like the Pimento, the Camela and moft other fpicy grains, it grows {oft and fucculent by maturity, and demits the purgent flavour that recommends it while in the full grown ftate : it may be then dried in the fun like the Pimento, and left adhering to the natural fpikes, which feem to have the fame flavour and pungency with the grain itfelf, and are as eafily ground in the mill. — : The leaves and tender fhoots of this plant are frequently ufed in difcutient baths and fomentations, and fometimes pounded and applied with fuccefs to foul ulcers : the root is warm, and may be fuccefsfully adminiítered as a refolutive, fudorific or diaphoretic ; but it muft anfwer beft in a diluted ftate, fuch as in infufions or light decoétions : which, however, may be varied in degrees of ftrength as occafion requires. I do not know of any diobítruent of this nature that anfwers better in dropfies, or lighter obftructions from a lentor or inertion. | K k ya PIPER *— B Trur NATOBASL HIS TORY PIPER 2. Arboreum erectum geniculatum, foliis cordato-acuminatis ad petiolum inequalibus. Piper Foliis ovatis feptem-nerviis oblongiufculis acuminatis, petioles bi- dentatis. L. Sp. Pl. Piper qui Saururus — Fz/ris. fepti-nerviis oblongo-acuminatis. "Thez. Zey. te Og £.3. Piper Los arboreum altius, Gc. Slo, Cat. 44. & H. t. 87. The Elder-tree. - This fhrub has been generally confounded with the foregoing, but it grows more luxuriantly, and rifes commonly by a ftreight flender and geniculated branched ftem to . the height of twelve or fifteen feet, or more ; the {pikes are always inconfiderable in this fpecies, and the leaves not even at the botttom, running always further along the foot-ftalk on one fide. PIPER g. Frutefcens diffufum flexile, foliis ovatis venis plurimis oblique arcuatis refertis. Piper Foliis ovato-lanceolatis, nervis alternis, fpicis'uncinatis. L. Sp. Pl. The fmaller tufted ee with oval leaves. This plant is pretty frequent in the low lands, and feldom rifes above feven or eight feet from the ground ; the leaves are whitifh underneath, TT PER 4. Frutéfcens minus, foliis amplioribus nitidis ovatis ad bafem in- equaliter porrectis, fpicd longiori eguali. Piper Longum arboreum pelts it Age Slo. Cat. 45. & H. t. 88. Jaborandi Quarta. Pif. 216 An, Piper Longum off. C9 Pk. t. 104. f. 4. The Piper with large fmooth leaves and even fpikes. This plant feldom rifes above fix or feven feet, and is eafily known by its large fmooth and fhining leaves: it is found in St. Mary's, and St. Elizabeth's, and grows moft commonly in thady places and a gravelly foyl. CLASS O Fii AM Arla A 123 C h^ AUS S MD Of the Triandria, or Vegetables that have three diftinct Filaments or male generative Parts in every Flower. How C T^ Kk - Of Juch as have three Filaments, and one Stile or female Part | in each Flower. BOERHAAVIA a. Diffufa, foliis fubrotundis fubtus cinereis, fructu firi- Boerhaavia Folits ovatis. L. H. C. €? caule diffufo. Sp. Pl. Valerianella Curafavica Pk. t. 113. f. 7. Boerhaavia Varia. Houft. apud Miller. Valerianella Folio fubrotundo, €9c. Slo. Cat. Talu Dama H. M. p. 7. t. 46. Hogweed. This, plant grows:in every part of the Savannas; the ftalk fhoots from an oblong flefhy root, and rifes commonly to the height of two feet and a half or better ; the flowers are red, and difpofed in the form. of an umbrella at the end of its flender rifing branches. The weed is frequently gathered for the hogs, and thought to be very fattening and wholefome food for them ; but they feldom eat the root. BOERHAAVIA 2. Sarmentofa, floribus herbaceis diandris campanulatis, foliis fucculentis obtuse triangularibus, fructu ad_apicem verucofo. Boerhavia Adfnes folio fcandens. Houft, apud Miller. The creeping branched Hogweed with fucculent leaves. This plant is common in the low lands, and grows every, where among the bufhes in the Savannas, about ‘Azmg/fon ; it runs frequently, three or- four yards in length, and throws out a number of ramified branches as it creeps : the leaves are fucculent and of a pale greenifh colour, and the flowers of :a dirty yellow :: the fruit is oblong and echinated round the top, but fmooth below. 31 Periantium. Preter folia floralia, nullum... » Corolla, Monopetala infundibuli formis ; ; pedamen imperforatum ; limbus in fex lacinias ovetas \fettus; dacinit®, tribüse interioribus majoribus & corollam referentibus, : ceteris tero thus C calicis quafi vicem Jupplentibus. , Stamina. Filamenta fex fere. equalia, quorum tria fore. paulo longiora Sunt 'antberifque fagittatis referta. Pitulum Germen Jubrotundum, parvum, obtufe trigonum, in | fando Joris fitum, jt us me implex longitudine flaminum, fligma amphatum © quafi tri- Li : Pe- t6 THEANATURM L, HISTORY Peiicarpiurg. Po? deloplum faminum corolla, conmvet capfulamque + involvit Jubrotundam obtufe trigánam trilocularem ; & abit in baccam fucculentam obverfe-ovatam, © oblique pedunculatatr. Semin. Unum vel alteram in fingulo loculamento capfilee obvolut de. T COMMELINA .2. Procumbens y lanceolato-ovatis, frin pauci Tbus, mia Cnt duabus majoribus, — € Commelina Plum. Gen. t. Commelina Corollis heil foliis —— acutis, tB Dro- ^ eumbenti glabro. E. Sp. PE - Veatla-Caitu H. M. P. vas is & Ephemerum Papen Pk. t. 27. un The broadleaf” d Commelina. This plant i is véty common in the middle lands ; it grows in beds, and creeps Pan tally álorig the ground, throwing out a great numberof leaves and: fmall branches towards the top. It is accounted: an excellent food for. arate AU uM catio, atii thofe that give mil asfiooa x pk Jg g shara s a Th ots co MMELI NA. 3 a red fimplex angufli Jolia, quos / 3 2 An, Commielina Petalis tribus majoribus equalibus, L. H T „Ephemerum.. Phalangoides maderafpatens minimum, Gr. Pk. t € f. 4. d plant feldom rifes above the height of ninéteen of twenty inches: It is prét- ty common in the mountains of We/morland, but I have not feen it any other part of the Ífland. 5 CIRPUS 1. Minimus nudus, capitulo fir vicio bes rs fibrofé. A Scirpus” Culno'tereti nudo fetifermi; fpica Yubglobofa, L. Sp. PI > . Et Scirpus Culmo tereti nude eti formi, Te ovata ipee: ejufdem, Juricelli Omnium minimi, €&c. Pkt. 40. f. 7. | The finall Wire-rufh.- | SCIRPUS 2. Minimus nudus, capitulo frriéto terminali, radice fqud- [ovre ` arn smiommo 5515 19918] S3 T Juncus iad paluftris, Sc. Pk. t. 40. f. 6. he larger Wire-ruth. Both did little plas arë vety frequent in the fwamps| of Yamaica, efpecially thofe, near King/ton ; the former grows ¢ommonly to the height of three or four inches, but the: ibit "i is morë lüxüriant, and rifes generally to fix or eight. | SCIRPUS » Curio rotundo nudi ; fpica fritta oblonga terminal, «>. Scirpus | Culmo tereti nudo, fpica fubooata & fubglobofa, Ln Sp P... The aphyllous round-fhanked Scirpus, or Rufh. E c I = p U S 4 Culmo triguetro hudo, | Spica Arieta oblonga, terminali, The = Scirpus with a triangular Stalk, Both: thefe plants “are frequent in all the fhallow ftanding waters of the Ifland, _efpecially thofe to the eaft and weft of King//on : the ftalks of both are almoft hol- low, and partitioned by frequent tranfverfe Septa. The Botanic characters of them - MEmore er defs particular, and lakia: skins inthis manner, viz, ! Re- Receptaculum Commune, ge ms numerofis dien obfitum, iod | Sores fingulares colligit im Jpicqm Jiriciam ob- longam ` Corolla, Nulla. Stam. filamenta fría. vel. pauciora- lupa fenuid, anibenis longis infiructa, Nedaaria, . Filamenta quinque vel fex filo breviora rugofa erecta attenuata, infra bafem geminis enata. Piftillum. Germen. oblongum breve;: filo conico. bifido infiructum ; fligmata | oblonga decedentia, ultra fquamas porredfa. k a a Fie, femina folitaria orbiculata compre (fa. -SCIRPUS 5. Major rotundus, paniculd terminali, M Bep ar | pedunculis tenuioribus & niaii eic Juncus Levis, Ge. Slo. Cat..3 7. aha $ Ec Lacufris Altiffimus, Tournef. & L. flo. Lap. aag Mg: A ro The flat-panicled Bullrufh. JAAS This plant is very like the common Bullruth ; I have met with it in the moun- tains of St. Mary's, where it grew extreamly well, but was probably planted there. The foil.in which I obferyed it. Was rich; and beftrewed wath! afhes about the! root. \$SCIRPUS ^b. Major rotundus, paniculd terminali fpicillis ovatis tdmentibus pedunculis. compreffis. sche a Culmo tereti Hs AAS ovatis seein Pet Core cena T LL. Sp. PL EIERE e Tet & DES J LC I j431309 820. ~The Belait em dd Paniclé. This plant i is common about the ferry, and grows every where in the banks of the river; it is very like the foregoing in appearance, but eafily diftinguifhed - from it by the oval and roundifh form of the Spicille, or en p Parts of the Pa- nicle, which, in that, are]ong, narrow, and comprefled. > CYPERUS 1. Pratenfs minor paniculis tong labatis, ; Pointe compr effis < difttche imbricalis. ` Gramen Cypercides picis compacts ‘fubrotundis. Slo. Cat & Het. 79. Gramen Cyperides pumilum, Sc. Pk. Phy: t. 191, f. 8, & 192, f. 2. "The fmalleft Graffy Cyperus orSedge. ^ ^^^ ^ — This plant is common in the lower lands of Jamaica, and feldom rifes more than nine or ten inches above the ground. Its outward Phe ie ftand upon, foot-ftalks, but the middle. one is largeft, and fixed to the end of na however is . compofed of a number of {mall comprefícd Spicille that Qin diated form, , CYPERUS. aQ — pratenps panicula Arigfo fngulari, foliis in- » volucri ternis. te crm finall Cyperus with a fingle Head. This little’ plant is fSmetimes found in’ the lower lands, and feldom rifes above three. or four inches from the-root ; the ftalk is fimple, triangular, vaginated at the ‘bottom, and furnifhed with three. leaves above; the flowers appear in this manner. /Periantiüm. "Ghima bivatuis brevis not perfiftens, valvis oblongis paten- tibus. Corolla s THE WATU RAL HIS WORY Corolla. Gluma bivalvis, valvulis oblongis carinatis compreffis. Semen. Unicum orbiculatum comprefjum. CYPERUS 3. Maximus: affurgens, culmo rotundiort, panicula fparfa quandoque monfirofa; Jpicillis compreffis diftiche e agp Cyperus. Maximus panicula foliacea. Slo. Cat. 3 I & H: t. PyR The largeft foliaceous Cyperus. This plant grows in all the low lands near the Caymanas ;. and rifes commonly to the height of five feet, or better : It feeds but feldom, but in the room of thefe it bears a large foliated top that is divided and fubdivided into two or thfee fériesiof um- belle, each growing gradually {maller as they rife towards the fummit, where every little radius ends in a few leaves. It feems to be the papyrus of Stapel, in his notes on Theophraftus. | CYPERUS 4. Major sate paniculislaxis, fpicillis teretibus, cul- mo triquet ‘Cyperus. ” "Palücil? n maxima s DU, Ec. Slo. Cat. 35, & Ht. 75. The larger Sedge with a triangular Stalk and loofe Panicle!) CYPERUS (5. Major, culmo" fübtriquetro, panicula ampla Jfparfay. foliis involucri longiffimis. This plant i is very like the foregoing, of which it may be only a variation, They are both very common in the lower lands, and feldom rife‘above two feet and a half from the root, tho’ the leayes are often more than that in length. o CYPERUS 6. Major fubtriquetrus, paniculis oblongis firictioribus, f TAMEN Maximus, spanfeula minus us Sparfa; Gr, Slo. Cat. 35, & rod t. 9: The large Cyperus with a more compact Panicle: CYPERUS 7. Humilor, foliis involucri albo longitudinaliter fafciatis. Gramen Cypericides fpica compatta: alba, Ge. Slo. Cat. 36, & Rt. The variegated. Grafly. Cyperus. CYPERUS.,'8.:Culmo ereéto tereti fubftriato, foliis teretibus canaliculatis, The Rufh Cyperus. "This plantis very common between Kingflon and Hunts-bay; the falk is very flender, and feldom rifes above two feet and a half : it grows in large tufts, xs the leaves, tho’ very flender, are neatly of the fame length with the ftalk. “CYPERUS ọọ. Ereéfus cylindraceus fubteres umbellatus, fpicillis com- preffis diftiché imbricatis © radiatis. An, Cyperus. ; Umbellatus, Gc. Pk. t. 191, f. 4, vel. 415, f. 4. | BE — erect field Cyperus with a {lender Stem. TON p E RUS” To. Ereétus teres, fpicillis an ovatis, exterioribus peduncu- is confertim sage .. Gtamen functum aquat ticum gen = fe Slo. Cat. 37, & H. t. 75. s i = Cyperus | 3 DEDERE M MITTERE ee oe pine ee EM JOTEIH AAMAS C/ A. 129 Juncus, Minor barbadenfis, Gc. Pk.-t. 197, f. 8. ! 'The flender aquatic Cyperus, CYPERUS 11... Odoratus vifcofus fubteres maritimus, Spicillis com- prefis conglobatis €3 radialis. Cyperus Longus odoratus, Sc. Slo. Cat. 35, & H. t. 7 [7 The fcented Cyperus with clammy Leaves. All thefe fpecies are found in the lower lands and fwamps of ‘famaica: the laft. fort. grows. generally near the fea; it has a ftrong, but agreeable fmell, feels clammy while young, and rifes commonly to the ae of two feet, or betek. M. is pretty frequent to the eaft of pe agr eom i b: SUSE To ib-3 e AST T IW. uS LA IH POTS 5 + j “rat VAST MH T; II. Y Of ip as have three Filaments, and two Stiles in every ee * BosBaRTIA r. Spicis capitalis, involucro majóri ; füliofc tectis, An, Bobartia, Ge, L. flo, Zey, '& Sp. PI. The large-headed Gia. This grafly, plant grows very rank in and about the Gully, that runs to the eft of Kingfton, andi is eafily diftinguifhed by its large foliated heads... SACCHARUM r. Geniculatuh €3 Jucculentum, paniculd ‘aig Saccharum . Floribus paniculatis: - L. Sp. Pl. Arundo Saccarifera C. B. Sc. Slo, Cat. 31, & H. t, 66. "Taca-Mara Li Pag., ROB. i ee The Sugar’ buie: ae Tt is not rete that this plant was much known to the opka ie Sacchar, Saccaron, Sacebaro on, and Sachar- Mambu, being more likely. the produce of. that large rickly hich till fupplies moft of the inhabitants | of the eaflern. rovinces of B ka, yeeie hi delicious T orbs which they call Mambu to this day. Pee plant grows commonly i in thofe parts of Afi fa that extend along the afters feas, and has been always known ` to fupply the inhabitants of thofe parts with a pleafant drink, which E have fometimes found intoxicating uf a 4 but. as few Sidi juices £dd. about the fcar, and along the tds of B reed ; or the s of {mall quantities of the j Joe expofed to the more-intenfe action of the fun or fire : for the ro 2d (à) Fiatin apiid Strabo, Lib. 1 Ig. Í upak nal Te ah ) Diafcorides, apud Mat. Ca. 55. Galen: de Medicid — Pliny, Lib. n Ch. £. ‘Mm ap- aso) ^T H. E^ NOA IT BH RKA E HIS TOR Y appearance and concreted form (a) with which it has been defcribed; ferve alike to prove it of this nature ; and if we confider the various accounts left us by the moft exact antient writers both of the falt and the juice, we fhall certainly have no rea- fon to doubt its being really fo. eu | | The true fugar-cane feems to have been originally a native of the Canary Tfands, and firft known to the inhabitants of Zwrope in the times of the Romans ; for what Pliny records (b) of "fuba's account of the Fortunate Iflands, if rightly confi- dered, will undoubtedly leave us but little room to doubt of either. It has not however, been propagated or known any better among us for many ages after; and probably continued fo until the “Spaniards and. Portuguese began to trade round the coalt of Africa, and had frequent occafions to call at thofe iflands; from whence they firft brought this plant into Spain and Portugal, where it was regularly cultivated as well as in their foreign fettlements. But though fagar had been made from it in many parts, efpecially in Madera, St. Thomass, and the Canary Iflands, they were but poorly fupplied in Europe, until Columbus made the difcovery of America, and this plant had been introduced and cultivated there, as it was, by that time, in many parts of the Eaf Indies, and along the coafts of Africa, where it now grows almoft without culture in-every rich and fertile feld. — — —— ^ — . The culture of this plant, which now employs the principal part of the inhabitants of the fouthern colonies of America, and fupplies the moft confiderable branches of their exports, next deferves our attention. a To fucceed well in the culture of the fugar-cane, and to raife it fo as to anfwer both your labour and expectation, the ground you pitch upon muft be rich and deep, the bottom clofe, the mould free, and the fituation warm; and difpofed fo that you may expecta moderate fhare of every rain or dew that falls, without being too re- mote from a market or a íhiping-place. Your foyl thus chofe, cleared, and ready for the cane ; you muft next confider p ftrength, calculate juftly what quantity of land you may be able to plant annually, compute how many acres of canes your ftrength and conveniencies will allow you to manufacture the produce of one year with another; and divide the manureable part of your eftate accordingly into three, four, five or fix parts; but you may be more free where the ground is obferved to produce a kind plant and to rattoon well. Your land being thus laid out, and one of ‘the parts divided into convenient pieces with proper intervals; you begin to hole, and continue to open the ground gra- dually until the planting feafon comes on, and your mould be well funned. To have a piece of ground regularly holed, as the beft planters are now obferved to do, it muft be lined out into oblong fquares of about three feet breadth, and each of thefe marked again with a fmall piece of ftick or twig at every three feet diftance ; by which means the whole field is foon divided into leffer areas, each containing feven or nine fquare feet according to your chofen diftances: thefe are feverally dug up and the mould raifed on the barks between them; but you feldom open deeper than four or five inches from the furface. This plant is propagated by the gem, and people that ‘cultivate it carefully have {pare pieces to fupply them with plants in the latter feafons, thefe are regularly drawn, cut into juncks proportionate (c) to the length of the holes, and placed three or four (d) parallel to each other, or in a triangle in the bottom of each ; but it is re- (a) Diafcorides & Galen, ‘&c. loco citato. | (b) Plin. Lib. VL cap. xxxii. (c) The beft plants for this purpofe are thofe had from the tops of the cane, and cut fo as to have two clear fprouting eyes on one fide, and three on the other, for they are always cut flanting ; the plants taken from the body of the cane ought to have three eyes on one fide and four on the other, as they are more liable to die in the ground. ( ) Poorer lands require four or five juncks, but two or three are generally fufficient ina rich mellow yl. buone: "x po R CE e e markable, 64 of AsM ‘Ari. 6 X iji markable, that the upper: joints of full grown canes, or thofe that are covered by the leaves and yet foft and tender, anfwer beft for this purpofe; and are always ufed when they plant towards the end of the crop-feafon. The plants thus difpofed, are covered from the neighbouring banks, but the mould is feldom raifed above two inches over them in any dry and loofe foyl, the remainder being left to be added oc- cafionally at the different weedings. In {tiff and clayey lands the holes ought to be fomewhat deeper, and a part of the mould upon the banks to be lodged between the plants and the bottom, the remainder being employed to cover them to the height of two or three inches, which will always leave the furface of your field level. . The beft feafon for planting the fugar-cane is about the month of Augu/, where the ground is found ftiff or chilly; but September and Oéober are obferved to anfwer better where the foyl is free and warm, which is generally the cafe where the mould lies deep over a marly or gravelly bottom ; and then you may expect your canes to come in feafonably in the beginning of the fecond year, which is the beft and ufual feafon for making of fugar. The latter part of this, and the beginning of the enfuing year is generally employed in building of the neceffary works and other conveniencies, if thefe be not already provided; and in the following feafons you hole and plant another part or divifion of the manureable lands, and prepare all ne- ceffaries for boiling early the enfuing feafon, —— — p But where the ground has been opened and in ufe, it generally requires more care to anfwer your expectation; fallowing and dunging, become requifite, though they feldom fail to overpay the toil; and peculiar care thould be taken to adapt the manure to the nature of the foil: dung, fand and mixtures, anfwer in the different forts of poorer glebes; and burnings and lime have been always obíerved to quicken vegetation in chilly loams. T lod «odii add (opis : The feafon being now come, and every thing in order about the works, thé Ne- groes are provided with bills, and ordered into the moft forward field to cut canes ; this they perform very dexteroufly, they part the plants pretty near the root, chop off the tops, and leave the ftalks in irregular parcels to be colle&ed and tied together by the binders; thefe are again taken up by others and put into carts, cradles or other vehicles to be carried to the mill, where the juice is expreffed by pailing them to and fro between three perpendicular rollers cafed with fteel; this, by a declivity formed in the bridge-tree is conveyed to the firft ciftern, and ftrained in its paflage through a bafket lined with hair-cloth, but this is feldom regarded in Jamaica : when this is full, the liquor is difcharged by a tap placed in the bottom of the ciftern, and con- - veyed by Wapedia or gutters to a large ciftern, or immediately to the firft clari- fier in the boiling-houfe, where it íhould be alfo {trained and tempered ; the former, however, is feldom regarded in Jamaica, but the latter is always requifite in the ma- nufacture of fugar, and generally done there by mixing a {mall quantity of good quick-lime in powder, or fome ftrong lime-water with the juice after it is put in the clarifier: the fire is then raifed gradually, and continued in a moderate ftate until moft of the filth and. naftinefs with which the juices have been charged rifes to the top, and is fcummed off by thallow perforated copper fkimmers: then it-is again ftrained, by fome, through a thick coarfe blanket, and boiled to a proper confiftence in the adjoining coppers: but during this operation the fire (e) muft be conftantly kept very quick, and the liquor fhifted gradually, as it thickens, from one copper to ano- ther, until it arrives at the fimalleft, where it is perfected, while the others are: conftantly fupplied from behind : and as it is apt to fwell and boil over the rim of the ( 2) The Juices of the Cane differ very much according to the foy! and the feafons ; for when thefe have been wet, or that moift and chilly, the juice is waterifh and poor, and requires a great deal of boiling and a fmart active fire, which obliges the planters of Jamaica (Where the juice is frequently poor) to fupply themfelves with large quantities of acceffory fuel from the woods; but where the juice is rich and kind, - as it is generally in St. Chriffopher’s, &c. the litter or thrafh that comes from the mill is frequently more than fufficient for both coppers and ftills, and the juice will often begin to grahulate in the fecond tetch. coppe, aas (T HUP "M OA TIURA QH Tis PO R Y copper while in a vifcid ftate, it'muft be kept in conftant, and fometimes violent agi- tation with the fkumming or larger ladles, until it begins to granulate. When the liquor has acquired a due confiftence, itis put into broad fhallow wooden coolers; and after it has obtained a proper and ftronger confiftence there, is carried in tubs or other veffels and emptied into pots, barrels or hogíheads, according to the conveniency or fancy of the planter; thefe are placed on ftanchions underlaid with convenient flanting platforms and cifterns to receive the molaffes, which continues to dribble through every hole and crevice for fome days, but care is always taken toleave proper vents for the difcharge of this glutinous juice, which, other- wife would fpoil the grain colour and confiftence of the fugar. -` B ed ^;When they have cut as many acres, and manufactured as much of this commo- dity as their ftrength and feafons will permit, they begin to hole, plant and weed again; but where the foylis rich and kind, this labour is much lefs, for the fuckers that fhoot from the roots left in the ground the foregoing feafon, which are generally called rattoons, grow often fo luxuriant and rich, as to contribute much towards the crop of the enfuing year, nay, are fometimes found almoft equal to the firft plants, and in a very rich foy} frequently continue to anfwer for mimy years: but in poorer grounds thofe of the firft year only are made into fugar, and the growth of the fecond {erves for plants or is thrown up. : e y s | isses We (hall now give fome account of the manufacture of rum, another principal ‘commodity obtained from this valuable plant. | In the manufa&ure of the former commodity, the courfe and order of the opera- tion prevented my having mentioned the gradual addition of juice, that is conftantly fapplied in a regular fucceffion from the firft clarefiers to the laft copper, which is hung immediately over the fire-hole, that it may be the more readily managed as occafion requires, without retarding the procefs in the other coppers, or raifing the rarefac- tion'to too great a height ; this fucceffion continues until all the liquor of the day is boiled off, which holds often until late at night ; and then the coppers are charged. with water gradually, and the fires extinguifhed as the liquor is fhifted forwards : the coppers are well wafhed with this water early the enfuing morning (f) to make them fit for the labours of the day; and the wafhings difcharged into the common {pouts or gutters that convey the fkimmings of the juice, | by which they are car- ried to a proper receiver iri the ftill-houfe. The general method and proportion in which tbe ingredients that yields this fpi- rit are mixed and compounded, is, as follows, viz. Take one third {kimmings, one third water from the wafhings, and one third coo] and clear lees to warm and ferment the whole, but though this, with an after addition of a few gallons of molafícs, be the general proportion now in ufe, it may be varied with good effect by a judicious diftiller: when thefe ingredients are put to- gether pretty cool, and well mixed, the fermentation begins foon, and will rife in twenty four hours to a proper height for admitting the firft change of, molaffes, which is about three gallons for every hundred gallons of the wath or liquor; this enriches the mixture, thickens the fermentation, and about four and twenty hours. afterwards it is fit for the fecond and laft charge which is nearly the fame quantity with the frt; but care muft be taken to give it this fupply before the fermentation abates, for otherwife the liquor will grow fluggith and never yield a due proportion of fpirit. : The fermentation falls gradually after the fourth or fifth day, and when the liquor grows fine, and comes to throw up its air-babbles clear and flowly, it is fit for the ftill, where the fpirit is drawn off by a conftant equal fire, during which (f) This is the general method in the Windward Iflands, but in Jamaica they rarely cool the coppers above once a week. a ee f iir a ET ' í great . where they make all the fpirits high proof, they generally mix the whole of the firft diftilla jo BIBpJAAM UATI^C AU 133 great care fhould be taken to keep the water: cool about the worm, for the more it is fo the ftronger the fpirit will be (7) the more in quantity and the mellower. But though this be the common proportion and method of manageing the ingre- dients of which rumis made, a great many planters who diftil confiderable quanti- ties of ‘that fpirit yearly, mix up their liquors in the following manner, and take three parts of water, one and a half molaffes, and as‘much lees: but this requires a long fermentation, which generally continues from ten to twenty days, and yields a great quantity of good fpirit: And others who by being weak handed, neglect, or accident happen to have large quantities of bad canes, fcald the juice and put it to the fame ufe; but this ferments fufficiently in about three days, and never affords cither -a good fpirit.or a confiderable quantity. nil The beft managers of plantations generally get about two hundred gallons:of good common proof-rum (4) for every three hogíheads of fugar; this proportion muft however vary with the cane, for in fome plants the juice is.more clammy, and throws off more fkimmings and molaffesthan that of others, ^ == i PANICUM 1. Sihvffre, paniculd rarióri oblongd, Jpicis fimplicibus uno verfu Jforidis. The fmaller Panicum with fimple fpikes. This plant grows commonly in the moft fhady woods, and is feldom feen in the low lands: it rifes generally to the height of two feet or better, andis furhifhed with pretty large leaves, and bearded fpikes: fome of its floral parts are a little differ- ent from thofe of the other fpecies, and inferted here on that account. Periantium. Gluma bivalvis conico-ovata, valvulis ariffd terminatis, exteriori — | dongiffimd. c 3 Corolia Gluma bivalvis, extima calicinis fimilis fetá minori terminata, PANICUM 2. Majus, paniculá. rariori, fpicillis longioribus uno verfu | oridis, | Y : »d Gramen | Paniceum maximum, &c. Slo, Cat. 30. S NA "Scotch Grafs. 7 E^ This plant is cultivated, and thrives very luxuriantly in all the low and marfhy lands of "Yamatca, where it is now 'almoft univerfally ufed as fodder for all their ftabled cattle: it is planted near the towns with great care, and found to: be one of the moft beneficial productions of the Ifland ; it is propagated by the joints or root, and fet in {mall drilled holes placed about two feet and a half afunder ; the young . fhoots begin to appear in a few days, and as they grow, they fpread and creep along the ground, cafting a few.roots, and throwing out frefh {hoots from every joint, as they run; thefe foon fupply the land, and fill the field with ftanding plants, the only that are generally cut. — [t rifes vari according to the moifture and luxuriance of the foyl, but its general growth is from two to four feet, and is fit to cut in fix months from the firít planting, and every month or fix weeks after, if the feafons fall in kindly, and due care be taken to keep the ground free from weeds, An acre of good land well ftocked with this plant in a feafonable part near either Kingfion or Spanifbtown, is computed to bring in abovea hundred and twenty pounds a year ; and is not attended with fo much expence or fo many inconveniencies as when > 3 (g) In the Windward Ifiands they lay by as much of this fpirit as will carry a full bead, the remain- der, while capable of taking fire, being put up as lower wines for a fecond diftillation ; but in Jamaica, iftillations together país them over again, referving the lower wines of this fecond procefs for the fame purpole.. (5). See an Effay upon Planterfhip, printed Antigua, 1750. es Nn cul- i» THE NATURAL 7H IQ Too RY cultivated with any of the other productions of the Ifland ; for being once planted, it . holds many years; but when the main {talk or root grows hard and lignous, the younger fhoots do not pufh fo luxuriantly, and they are then obliged to plant a-new ; this however becomes eafy to them, as it is done gradually, for they gene- rally fupply the pieces as they clean them, and throw up every ftubbed or failing iroot they find, planting a few joints in its place. PANICUM 3. Pratenfe minus, paniculd laxá pyramidatd, The little Field-panicum. This little plant feldom rifes above thirteen or fourteen inches ; it is very common in the dry Savannas, and remarkable for its rifing branched and pyramidal panicle, PANICUM 4. Pratenfe, valvuld exteriori. vemotá. fetaced. An, Gramen — Zfrundinaceum balepenfe, Sc. Pk. t. 32. f. 1. _ The Field-panicum with a branched panicle. This plant feldom grows to any confiderable height, being generally found under. fifteen inches; it refembles the Holcus pretty much in the form and difpofition of its flowers. : PANICUM zr. Erecfum minus, fpicd fimplici fetof4. Panicum — Spicá tereti, involucris fetaceis foliculatis unifforis ffofculo gua- druplo longioribus. L. Sp. Pl. Gramen Lagopoides, Gc. Pet. Gaz. t. 2. ! The fmaller Panicum with a fingle head. In this plant the zzvo/ucrum or outward cup is divided into fix, eight or more long capillary briftles, which feem to fupport the flower behind, and are always longer than the other parts: the cup is {mall and fupports two flowers, the one male with thinner valves and furnifhed with three and fometimes four famina; the other hemaphrodite and compofed of two unequal valves, whereof the exterior is ftronger, hollow and rugofe, and contains the germen with two ftiles adorned with oblong hairy ftigmata, and attended by three fhorter filaments. ! | The whole plant is very fimple and fedom rifes above twelve or fourteen inches. I have found it in the courfe of Mammee River. PANICUM 6, Paniculá longiffmá, fpicis plurimis teretibus fimplicibus refertá. | The long fpik'd flender Mountain-panicum. This plant is common at Mr. ‘fones’s in the mountains of New Liguanee, and rifes generally to the height of two or three feet; the ftalk is flender, and furnifhed with - many fhort and fimple fpikes from below the middle to the top. PANICUM 7. Erecum maximum, paniculd flricd cylindraced ariflatá. Panicum Indicum fpica longiffma. | C. B. & Slo. Cat. 26. Fenna H, M, | P. xii. t. 79. : The Negroe Guinea-corn. | This plant is cultivated in feveral pe of Jamaica; and the more eafily preferved as its long fete or briftles defend it from the birds : it rifes commonly to the height of five or fix feet, fometimes more, is furnifhed with large graffy leaves towards "m the OQ T! Hf AAM ATIAG@® AH T 135 the bottom, and adorned: with a fimple cylindric n; at the top... The grdin is a hearty food for labourers. PANICUM 8. Ere&un maximum, Sinicki fi d "eretlá parla. Milium Jndicum aründiriateo caules! Slo) Catiipragen Milium Indicum femine fufco juba larga. Muf. & Thezs ey. X Guinea: orn; . This. plant is cultivated by. moft people. in the Ifland, eal in the low; lands, where it feems to thrive beft; it rifes generally, to. the height of fix or feven feet, often lefs, fometimes more, and {hoots by a bollow jointed and foliated ftalk : the grain is round and rarély above half or three quarters of a line in diameter, it makes a fine white flower which is very none TIPE and is generally. ufed to feed their ftock HOC 1) Jii P AN ICU M 9. ^is si piei phir vas à declinatis, Milium Indicum arundinaceo caule, Cc. Slo. Cat. 25. and Piegroes à in time of Scarcity. | ons: odi sula. lo 3dgisá sdr or: . Guinea wheat, This plant is very like the foregoing both: in fize;': grain and appearance ; it Jha been) but lately introduced to ‘Ffamaica, and is diftinguifhed fromthe uisa: corn by its bearing fucceflive panicles from all the upper joints. ARISTIDA r1. Spic lażá tenui toge longi mis ons Ariftida L. Sp. Pl. TOO Gramen.:_,4venaceum rendre minus y beum &. slo. Cat. 35. & H. t.2. Gramen | Avenaceum Maderafpatanum. Pk. Phy. t. 191. f. 3. The bearded Grafs. . Periantium. „Gluma bivalvis uniflora fimplex, Corolla. Gluma univalvis teres convoluta,in tres arias longiffimas fetaceas definens. This plant is frequent in Jamaica ; and feldom: rifes above ten'or 12 inches from the ground ; the ftalk is flender and the panicles fimple and bearded, -~ ARISTIDA 2. Minor, onc. è ficis Jh vid cenpofía, se hexa- | [. Wr "The fester bearded’ Tua "This plant is fomewhat fmaller than the foregoing, from which it alfo differs in the formation of fome of the floral Parts which i in this Batt epee in the follow- ing manner. ^Periantium. Gluma PER meee Puis FRA ipid $ udis anos Es Jetis tribus brevioribus ornata; teria linearis rimeque glume medie appofita È tribus longioribus fetis terminata, BRIZA 1. Tenuifima, paniculis. rp Toging pedunculis brevibus & tenuiffimis incidentibu Gramen - Pratenfe, Solis anguftifimis, panicul Cc. Slo. Cat. & H, t. 73. The {mall trembling Grafs. This little plant feldom rifes above. fix or feven inches, and is faftained bia very lender weakly ftalk ; it is eafily mn by its delicate branches, fine leaves and downy head. UNI- 156 THE NAITA MAA HIS DORY UNIOL.A- «ab jos Spicilis longioribus € tenuioribus diffrchbo. foriferi rejerta. : WU The. flender Uniola with fimple flower-fpikes, ., , This plant is commonjin:the low lands,about:the Angels, and rifes generally to the. height of twélve:or fourtéen/inches: utws remarkable for the length';and flender- nefs of its delicate flower-fpikes: the leaves of the cup are very fmall, and ftand in an alternate and diftich order upon the common fupporters. oswwN LOL A d LPanicula longiffima, fpicis eraffiufculis perbrevibus uno verfu deol nsvSl 10 Xi lo diigi 3figa. viieTsn52 eatin ti; fled avid: of emas er (os The larger long paticl d Uniola. This plant is fometimes met with in the hills above Bz//-ay, where it generally rifes to the height of about three feet, and is furnithed with many flower-fpikes for more than half its length ; .thefe are, pretty. thick, rife gradually one above another, and feldom exceed an inch and a half in length, having all the flowers on the outüde of they . 7 7-2 7 ee . As I have met with fome other graffy plants in Yamaica, which I «could not fo readily. clafs,under the-Gezera already eftablifhed 5. I; chofe rather to fet them:down here under the common appellation of Gra- men, and to add a few of their ‘more diftinguifhing characters ; than to be at the pains of reducing them to clafies, which cannot be yet fixed fufficiently to give univerlal fatisfa&ion. AF A GRAMEN X. Bicorne repens Jpicis tenuioribus €? longioribus. Giamen “Dalion bicorne repens, Sc. Slo. Cat.'33, & H. 68. f. 3. | Mountain running Grafs. — | ~ Periantium. «Gluma. bivalvis, valvulis. anguflifimis villofis valvulis corolle Oppois. — e Corolla.: Gluma bivalvis, valvulis ovatis; Stamina. Félamenta tria. lios $1 bus E dish , Pifillum. Germen fubrotundum ; ftyli duo ; fligmata cirrofa. Semen. Ordiculatum compreffum. ` i This is the moft common fort of Grafs jn the miđland mountains, and grows fre- quently in the low lands: It isa little fowerifh and not liked by any fort of brutes while green ; but when it is cut and well.cured, it makes excellent hay, and agrees extremely well with all labouring and ftabled cattle. This difcovery is owing to Mr. Wallen, who had frequently tried the experiment before I left "Jamaica, and has always found it to anfwer beyond his expectation. He isa gentleman of a very happy turn of thought, and a great promoter‘of every fort of curious and ufeful induftry. GRAMEN 2. Cruciatum fpicis brevioribus & crafforibus, deorfum frugi- Gramen Cruciatum, Profp. Alp... .. : Gramen Deétilon [picis brevibus crafis, €c. Slo. Cat. 3. The fhort-fhanked cruciated Grafs. This plant is pretty common in the lower lands, and feldom rifes more than eight “or ten diiches from its tufted root: "The cero//z grow three and three together, but every bunch has a common cup compofed of two fimple. valves, and each of the flowers is fupplied with its own befides: It is a hardy and kind pafturage. eb ; G a Ó Fly A.M A! EF. €. X 137 GRAMEN 3. Cruciatum affurgens, Spicis fubbirfutis tenuioribus €. longic- ribus deorfum frugtferis. Gramen Daétilon Spicis gracilioribus, &c. Slo. Cat. 33, & H. 68. Gramen Dacfilum Americanum, &c. Pk. t. 189, f. 7. Cavara-Pulli H. M. P. 12, t. 74. The long fhanked cruciated Grafs. This Grafs is rather more common than the foregoing: It isa diftinct fpecies, and grows generally to the height of fourteen or fifteen inches above the ground. GRAMEN 4. Majus, Culmo compreffo nodofo diftiche foliate atque ramaje, Gramen geniculatum folis brevibus, &c. Pk. t. 189, f. 3: Dutch Grafs. This plant is very common in all the fwampy bottoms round the Ifland, and grows fometimes very luxuriantly in the mountains: Its ftalk is comprefied, and furnifhed with many leaves and branches difpofed in a diftich order: It grows fometime to the length of two or three feet ; but the lower part of the ftalk is generally ob- ferved to creep along the ground, GRAMEN 5. Minimum diftiché foliatum, fpicd flricfior fi unge erecta muticé. Crab Grafs, This elegant little plant is very common about Hunts-bay. The ftalk is a. little compreffed, and feldom rifes above four or five inches from the root. GRAMEN 6. Majus affergens, panicul. longiori, fpicis fimplicibus com- prefis ad margines villofis inferne frugiferis. The larger rifing Grafs. Periantium. Gluma bivalvis, valvulis orbiculatis compre efis. Corolla. Gluma bivalvis, valvulis compre, Lis ope nitidis Soak Seite ampleétentibus.. This plant is very common at the Angels, and. E. generally to; the height of three feet and a half, or better; it isa coarfe fort, and not much uf GRAMEN 7. TAM, panicula e e EA hi LA ap veretibus "etas, Jpicillis minimis co. mpreffis diftichis alternis. Gr amen Daétilon panicula ga Jpicis plurimis ipi b & s Slo. Cat. 34. & H. t. age: din The rifing Grafs with very flender EEE R | This plant rifes commonly to the height of two feet and a half, and is furnifhed with a fpreading panicle at the top, which is generally compofed of a eae ery delicate flender fimple fpikes. GRAMEN 8. Minimum, fpica eu calicibus echinatis. The {mall Savanna Grafs with echinated Valves... Periantium. Gluma uniflora bivalvis echinata; valvula altera carinata, altera planiu cula. | | Corolla. Univalvis. : O o This 1358. TH E NATURAL HISTORY "This little plant grows. in the Savanna about King/ton, and .fcldom: riles more than four or five inches above the ground. ~ | ARUNDO 1. Erea major, caudice bipulicaris diametri, fpicd fhatiofdt. An, Arundo Indica clu. —— | An, Arundo Indica Bambu fpecies, altera, vel tertia. H. M. P. V. 119. The larger wild or Bambu Cane. This plant is very common in the cooler {wampy bottoms among the mountains, and rifes frequently to the height of twelve or fourteen feet from the root; it is jointed like other reeds, is about an inch and à half in diameter neat the bottom, and tapers gradually to the top ; the outward coat is hard and fmooth, and the body firm, and filled with a fofter fibrous fubftance: the whole fialk is ftrong and elaftic, and generally ufed for wattles in thofe countries where they cover their houfes with tyles or thatch ; for in both cafes they anfwer extremely well, and are obferved to be better than any other fort, as they. grow. daily lighter, and ‘found: to continue longer found. I have {cen them yet ftrong ,and perfect.in fome of thofe houfes that have been built by the Spaniards in Sz. Jagode la Vega, above a hundred years ago; but thefe are moftly covered with tyles, and feldom yield any accefs to rain or moifture, which is obferved to deftroy them pretty foon; efpecially as the outward bark is frequently broke, in nailing them. | “They are alfo ufed for bafkets, but to prepare them for this purpofe, they are obliged to fplit them into flender flips, and to pare off the inward more pithy part, leaving none but the outward rind and lignous fibres for ufe. The tops of the more tender fhoots of this plant are frequently pickled in America, and very much liked; they eat very crifp and tender. | OS ARUNDO 2. Ere£a major fluviatilis, culmo excavato policaris diametri. Arundo Maxima folio dentato, Be, Slo. Cat. $2. The large hollow Reed. This plant is pretty much like the younger fhoots of the foregoing, both in fize and appearance, but a diftinct fpecies; the joints are all hollow, and the ftem rifes commonly to the height of feven or eight feet : Itis frequent on the banks of Spa- nifh-town river in the way to Szxteen-mile walk, as well as in fome other parts of the Ifland, and does not feem to differ in any thing from the larger Spani/h reed, ARUNDO 3. Ereéta minor, panicula laxa fpatiofa, fpicillis diftichis lan- uginofis, — = a nM et ee — The Sea-fide Reed. This plant is found below Oxford, in the parifh of Sz. Thomas’s in the Eaft, and feldom rifes above three feet and a half from the ground; but it grows in a dry fandy place near the fea. Its peculiar characters. are thefe: | Periantium. Gluma multiflora bivalvis, valvulis porreétis acuminatis. Corolla. CorsMuhe glumofe quatuor vel quinque per fpicillas languinofas com- prefas difticho ordine difpofita Junt, Stigmata cirrofa, ARUNDO 4. Silvefiris ramofa tenuis paniculá laxd Gramen Milaceum filòaticum maximum femine albo. Slo, Cat. 34, & H. t. 71. The larger Millet Reed. 2 | ; This OTRigi A MAN E ACHAAH T agp This plant is very common in the woods, .and rifes by its flender and branched ftalks frequently to the height of fix or feven feet, but is generally fupported by the neighbouring bufhes, “It js a hearty and agretable fodder for all manner of cattle, ARUN D - E T Tenuiffima altifime feandens, foliis | minimis rigidis acuminatis, JOnmiuD I Biamulti minoribus wertitillatis, $ bu’ IA We? flowers. ILOA OBITE) Eos AA iS E E T kl: Of Juch as ace Hire. Filaments and. three le a in. ERN Flower. . HoLosrEUM - t; Polis iiri pofitis,» racemis Jesi — i "rematis. Holofteum Foliis fibe datis L. Sp. Pf. Alcine Americana Numelarig folio,- S. Slo; Cat. 87. GT he. larger American Chickweed: ; "phis das is common, 'and thrives very Taxiitiantly’ in many parts of Ya- maica. Xt grows ‘in tufts and feldom ‘rifés above ten or twelve inches from the ground : the {maller birds tog much upon the feeds, but it is feldom put to any other ufe' lere, - sd jh of D ‘plant taken: feh and. heated over an eafy fire, make very faccefsfa td in hárd and. painful kellijsr; for ag generally relax the’ pátts ard TRE obftruétions to a Hetoliton.. l ; D Q k o S T EUM 2, Diandrum petalis integris, "lr aiie Fi e Yn ones ARE AUD vatis y petiolis & € caulibus marginatis. DS tuer The fmaller Chickweed with two Filaments. This plant is not common in Jamaica; the flowers have but two filaments each, ‘anid thefe are placed in the fame line with the petals. or leaves of the flower, Which are five in number as well’as the fe ad of the cup. mee Pn, is ae {mall and feldom rifes above fix or feven inc oii thé rou und. | : M o L L U G o iid As je Ofoliis linbavibut vorticity forbs qi- » Ratiis péedunchlatis confertis. ` Ps Molago. Fili verticillatis Spt & ip. E caule Jubdivifa, decumbenti, | o np SEM. Upi & ., The {mall creeping Molugo. This plant i is pretty : common in the dry Savannas of Liguanee; its leaves and branches Are very. (mall; and t the ftalk feldom runs above fix or eight inches from “the root! "The flowers 43 gener ally. four. Or five together, and, grow i in fingle tufts "on the fides of the verticils. CLASS mo THEANATURAE HISTORY € DAS Be wd FV, Of the saben or ‘Vegetables that have four diftin& Filaments 1 in every Flower. EB CE pes | Of fich as hove four Filaments and one. Stile 3 in every Flower. s CEN O X IA I. "Tiltérabit, repens, R7 igidi oblongis oppofitis, : a hie Jingularibus. "The creeping TP tia. This plant is pretty frequent near the fhore in the patith of Sz. George's, and runs commonly three or four feet, or more along the ground, cafting a few Ípreading branches from fpace to {pace as it creeps alofig: the leaves are oblong, pointed and "Hs and the flowers few and fingle, and dispoled at the ale of the upper leaves. M UYKNOXIA 2: Sandon, P cor dato-ovatis sey 5 delia multibartitis alaribus, Tab. 3. fig. 34. cis | The oe — Khoni I found this plant in the cooler Jmousitaiis \ of Liguianee's it is a climber, and rifes frequently to the height of. fix or Fem feet, or more : in the foregoing fpecies the flower-cups are cut into, four deep fcgments.. at. ie. margin; and.remain tubular and {welling below ;, but. in this, they are more, open. and; campanulous towards the bottom, and fürnifhed, as it were, with four {maller leaves at the top,. which increafe gradually as the feeds r ripen. The” flowers and. frudtifications of both bear the dif- tinguifhing marks of the Genus, tho’ the latter | arc always covered by. the: cup at the bottom, and frequently much higher. |» SPERMA CO C E. d. Ereda fimplex, o EA, nervis Darius paribus sonfiipatis ad alas, -— rhe tanger fimple and í ered Spermacoce. : Bb plant $ is ‘common in the. lower. Bavannas- about. Km chon; it. E gene- rally by a. fimple upright, halk to the- xeightof, fourteen or fixteen inches, and is furnifhed from {pace “to pace. ith, f imple lanceolated leaves, . that ftand in an oppofite order and embrace the main ftem: from the alæ of thefe rife the flowers which are generally white: and numerous, and gathered. into compact heads that grow gradually larger and more diftinct as they: draw nearer to the top. ! SPERMACOCE. 12», Minor eretha y; e foliis linearibus foribus confi- pat is ad al, as. “The Haller erect Spermiacoce. CRE plant is fo very. like the foregoing i in fhape and appearance that it may be .eafily qu for a variety of it; but they are found always diftinct even in ithe fame ‘field <7? hed, wliich obliged me to look upon them as HEA., ns of the n leaves Hn. I OT E J ASML A TI ACHAN 141 leaves in this plant are not prickled, nor is the ftalk fo robuft or eo tho' it generally rifes nearly to the fame height. SPERMACOCE .:3. Ereéta fubbirfuta, foliis oblongis venis arcuatisrefer- tis, fuperioribus majoribus. appropinquatis, floribus confiipatis ad alas. Spermacoce Hifpida foliis oppo/itis obovatis. L. Flo. Zey. & Sp. Pl. The oval-leaf'd Spermacoce. This plant” is common about ali the fields in Liguanee ; it feldom rifes above twelve or fourteen inches, and is eafily known by its oblong leaves and arched yeins; it is very like the worm-grafs at firft appearance, but the ftalk of this i is quadran- ES. and hollow, that of the. other roundifh and {mooth, /SPERMACOCE s d 2020772 atque ramofa, "Xd hi acaba, ‘foribus con- J'ipatis ad alas fupremas. The fhruby Spermacoce: This little bufhy plant is frequent enough in the low and hilly lands of famaica; it branches very much, is adorned with many {mall leaves like thofe of the fecond fpecies, and bears all its. flowers at the upper joints of the branches. SPERMACOCE . s. Scandens, foliis oblonpis venis arcuatis re T e Jforibus -paucioribus Urea ad alas, Spermacoce Gabra flaminibus inclufis. L. Sp. Anonymos Americana foliis parietaria. Pk, t. 136. f. 4. The Iron-grafs, or r climbing Spermacoce. This plant is found only in the woods; and is there obferved to be fometimes up- right and fometimes a climber: when ere&, it generally rifesito-thė height of two or three feet ; but when it is affifted en abe: neighbouring th kubs it dim Hain to double and trible that length... RUBIA 1. Subbirfuta feandens vel xecinaee, ‘fol cructatis floribus fin- _ gularibus ad alas. An, Ré ` Filiis es Ray. L In bác plantá calix quadriphyllus eft, & bacca. FRA e calicibus EA germinibus fuccedunt. - ( The flender PAIRA Rubia. | 1 found this plant in the middle mountains of Liguanee; it e ^H e. grows in tufts, and feldom rifes above two or three feet from the roo CATES B& A? a. Peres: faliis fubvillofis 5 re Bae foribus Jingu- laribus. The {hruby Catefbea with oval leaves. — This plant! grows in the mountains near Mr. Thomas Afcough's in St. Fobn's ; and feldom rifes above five or fix feet from the ground : its peculiar characters are fet down here at length, but I have not been fo exact in refpect to the appearance of the plant in general, as I had no notion of a work of this kind when I examined the flower ; the parts of this however, feem to place it rather E the Didynamia. Pp ess Periantium, i42 THE^NOA' TE R/AL HISTORY Periantium. Parvum pentaphyllum, vel monophylium ad bafem fectum: Corolla. Monopetala tubulata, tubus-quadruncialis; ^ limbus ampliatus patens ` quinque partitus. Stamina. aieri quatuor inequalia longitudine tübi floris; anther e cordiformes Onang. Piftillum. Germen fubrotundum, pylus longitudine flaminum, ftigma vaginatum. Pericarpium, ~Pomum fubrotundum nucleo even P plurimis parvis referto praeditum. PAVETTA? 1, Polis oblongo-ovatis wisp tis, fis Jetaceis peers inter | à pofitis. Tab. 6 " La E The wild Jeffamine. 9- This fhrub is pretty common in the lower woods, and feldom ries above five or fix feet; the leaves and branches are pBase s and the racemous flower-ftalks ftand generally atthe extremities of the branches ; the flowers are pretty long and tubular, and retain both the fmell and make of the garden Seine. The following are its peculiar characters: —. Periantium. | Minus pregnans quadridenticulatum. |... Corolla, Monopetala tubulata, tubus longus cylindraceus, bobs i in EM seein lanceolatas patentes fectus. Reming: Filamenta quatuor tubo corolle adnata, antheris oblongis in fauce fitis. Piftillum. Germen depreffum, flylus fimplex, fligmata bina ereta oblonga. Pericarpium. Bacca minor fbberica umlocularis, calice coronata, Semen. Unicum P ekin - ages Sof. medir s PAVE T id Al > E Subarborea major. Ó l Pim-wood. | This fhrub feems to differ but little 4 from. the aedi dither in vr or. appear ance; but it;rifes generally to the height of twelve or -fixteen feet: or more; it is pretty common in the woods above Sz, Ann’s Bay. : $ m LYGISTUM 1. Flexile fruticofum, foliis ovatis sty tis, petiolis pedatis, -~ racemis alaribus. ‘Tab. 3. fig. The branched Lygiftum with oval ieii Annig I found this weakly íhrub in the lower mountains of Sz. Marys} 5i idt rifes by a very branched flexile ftem to the height of about feven fect, and is every where adorned with moderately large oval leaves difpoíed in. an oppofite order : «the | twigs or boughs begin to-fhoot almoft immediately above. the root; and they, : well as the fucceeding branches, rife generally to the height of the main ftem, _ are furnifhed with moderate bunches of flowers towards the top, which generally rife by long branched foot-ftalks from the ale of the leaves. Thefe following are the characters of its flowers. Periantium. Calix monopbyllus conico-campanulatus, ore quadric. renato, Corolla. ipea tubulata infundibultformis ;, limbus quadr zpartitüs, laciniis bus. Jerè Stamina. ie? gee infernà tubo adnata & corollá duplo longiora, antbe. Piftillum. i P ER au Jylus ad medietatem Jere bipartitus, DS E. bifidis; fligmata tenuia. fimplicia. Pericar- F SE TEEN O dup AAMTATIAG A 141 Pericarpium. | Bacca globofa quadrilocularis calici impofita. Semina. .Quatuor oblongo-ovata. RANDIA 1. Poliis ‘fubrotundis confertis, fummis ramulis bifpin feris Jio- ! ribus. folitarits. Tab. 8..f. x An, Cacao Affinis frutex fpinofus, Se. Slo. Cat. 35. & H. t. 161. Randia Lin. Gen, & Lycium, &c. Pk. t. g7. The Indigo-berry. This fmall fhrüb rifes by a branched falk, and fhoots commonly to thé height of feven or eight feet; the main ftem ‘is tough and hard; the branches fómewhat prickly at. the ends, and the leaves of an oval. form and growing in tufts: it is frequent in the low lands, and grows chiefly in the moft barren clayey foils, | It's general characters are as follow ; . Periantium. Minimum rnonophyllam: ft ondas truncatum. Corolla. Monopetala tubulata ; usa ipi limbus patens in quatuor Sn lacinias obtufas equales divifus (a Stamina. Filamenta quatuor tubo corolle wind ie am oblongis in fauce locatis. Piftillusi. ^ Germen fubrotundum intra calicem Jitum, flylus longitudinis "tubi corolla, fligmata bina comprefJa oblonga. Pericarpium. Bacca-ghbofa, cortice Jicctort tecla, €? pulpd cëruled repleta, Semina. Sex vel plura orbiculata compreffa pulpá obvoluta. The pulp of thefe berries, which generally grow very numerouson the fmaller branches of the plant, is very. thick, and ftains pepe or linen of a fine fixt blue colour, I have tried it on many dccafions, and haye always obferved it to ftand tho’ wafhed with either foap or acids; but it does not communicate fo finea colour with heat. It would prove an excellent fixt blue in all manner of paints and prints if it could be obtained in any quantity : but the berry is not yery fageyigat, and the people as yet not over induftrious in thofe parts. PETESIA» (He ` Fruticofe, folis ovatis vipa nalik fripiulis rigidis interpofitis, füflentaculis forum longis ramofis alaribus. Tab. 2. fig. 3, | The oval leaf’d Petefia with long branched flower-ftalks, Periantium. “Monophyllum Jübcámpaniulatum quadridentatum utu germine Corolla. Tehla, ee oblongus equalis ; limbus ampliatus quadripartitus. Stamina. Filamenta quatuor brevia ab infimá tubi parte ortas anthere ime tn faucecorolle fite. Piftillum. Germen. fubrotundum parvum, Jlylus. fimplex aretus, Jffigma acutum. Pericarpium. Bacca bilocularis globofa coronata binis nucleis untlocularibus referta, I found this fhrub near the Waterfall in Mammee River; it grew on the fide of the clift, and was not above five feet in height. PETESIA 2. Fruticofa foliis evatis oppofitis, fipulis rigidis interpofitis, ra- ' (a) This plant flowered in the garden of Oxford fome years ago, and was then examined and deline- ated by Mr. Ebret, who obferved fix filaments in every flower, and had always found the margin cut into fix pointed fegments, in which fate it is eoii bere, my own fpecungqa having loft all its bioffoms; but I have alfo added a fingle leaf. of the ftove-fpecimen to fhew the proportion between that and thofe that grow naturally in Jamaica, in which I have conftantly obferved’ iet number of filaments and divifions of the flower to be very regular, and feldom or never more than four; this may be probably owing to the richnefs of the bed, and forcing heat of the ftove in which the former grew. - : 1 Cents ma, THE ND AITIU RM A/L {HDS DOR Y cemis minoribus alaribus, calice quinquefido. Tab. 2. f. 2. 'The leffer branched Petefia with a divided cup. PETESIA 3. Fruticofa fliis Juboilbfa ovatis oppoftis, flipulis ford ter- minatis, racemis alaribus. The Petefia with villous leaves. Thefe two laft fpecies grow pretty frequent in the hills above Bull- Bay ; and are not uncommon in thofe between Sixteen-mileWalk and St. Mary's; they are moderately robuft, and rife generally to the height of feven or eight feet. ( COCCOCIPSILUM 1. Herbaceum repens, folis venofis ovatis oppofitis, pedunculis brevibus fubumbellatis ad alas alter- ' "as. Tab. 6. i. 2. The creeping Coccokipfilum. | This plant is very like the ímalleft fpecies of the Ruellia both in leaves and appear- ance, and is frequently obferved in the cooler mountains of Liguanee and Mount-diable : it grows in fpreading tufts, each ftalk creeping about eighteen or twenty inches from the root, and fhooting out a few lateral branches as it runs; the leaves are oppofite, and the following flowers and fructifications rife on fhort divided foot-ftalks from their alternate ala. : Periantium. Monophyllum pregnans ad bafem ferè in quatuor lacinias lineares erectas divifum. Corolla. Monopetala tubulata infundibuliformis ; limbus patens in quatuor la- = - cinias breves ovatas equales fectus. Stamina. Filamenta quatuor erecta, longitudinis tubi floris; anthere oblonga ereéice. Piftillum. Germen fubrotundum calice tectum, flylus fimplex longitudinis foris ad apicem bipartitus; fligmata oblonga. Pericarpium. Pars infima calicis cum germine abit in capfulam fucculentam, - &accatam, fphericam, inflatam, bilocularem, laciniis calicis coronatam. Semina. Plurima parva compreffa diffepimento affixa. SICELIUM 1. Scandens, foliis ovato-acuminatis nitidis oppofitis. The climbing Sicelium. This plant grows very common in the upper parts of Sixteen-mile Walk, and is fometimes found in the mountains towards Sz. Mary's: It is a climber and rifes fre- quently very high, but the main ftalk is pretty flender, The following are the cha- racters of its fru&tifications. | = Periantium. Campanulatum ad bafem leniter ventricofum, germine pregnans; col- lum coarétatum, limbus quadricrenatus. Corolla. Confimilis longior & magis profunde incifa. Stamina. Filamenta quatuor tubo adnata, antheris fubrotund:s in fauce fitis. Piftillum. Germen fubrotundum, fiylus corollé, longior ad medietatem bipartitus, J'igmata tenuia imphicia. | Pericarpium. - Bacca fpherica bilocularis intra calicem fita. Semina, Plurima difjepimento infernà tumido umbonato affixa. BUDDLEJA 1, Affurgens incana, foliis majoribus molli lanugine obduétis, : Jpicis affurgentibus terminalibus. Budicja L. Sp. Pl. I : Planta Q:bl1r] -AAMA TIAC A 145 Planta Affurgens verbafei facte, foliis majoribus ovatis oppofitis. The long-fpik'd Budleia. This plant is very common in the cooler hills of Liguance; it rifes generally to the height of four feet or better, and terminates in long {lender flower-fpikes: it is ufed in emollient baths and fomentations, and thought to have all the pro- perties of the true Mullen. AMMANNIA 1. Hirta, foliis parvis orbiculatis, floribus fingularibus ad alas. The fmaller Ammannia with round leaves. Periantium. Pedunculo tenui incidit Periantium monopbyllum campanulatum oc- todentatum. ; Corolla, Monopetala quadripartita parva, laciniis acuminatis oblongis. Stamina. Filamenta quatuor brevia; anthere ovate. Piftillum. Germen depreffum in fundo calicis fitum; ftylus brevis bifidus; ftig- mata erecta oblonga. Pericarpium. Capfula bilocularis calice ferà tecla, binis placentulis referta. Semina. Pauca placentulis adnata. This little plant is very rare in Jamaica; it grows chiefly in the mountains be- tween St, Thomas’s in the Vale and Sz. Mary's, and íeldom rifes above four or five inches from the ground: it anfwers the characters of the clafs very perfectly. CROSSOPETALUM 1. Fruticulofum tenue, foliis ovatis tenuiffimà denti- | culatis oppofitis, racemis alaribus, 'T.16.f.1. The fmall fhruby Croffopetalum. Periantium. — Coleratum monophyllum patens in quatuor vel quinque partes fectum. Corolla. etrapetala vel monopetala ad bafem fecta, petalis. obovatis fimbriatis patentibus. | Stamina. Filamenta quatuor brevia erecto-patentia, ad interflicias petalorum po- Jita; anthere /ubrotunde. Piftillam. Germen fubrotundum, ftylus brevis fimplex, ftigma fimplex. Pericarpium. Capfula fubrotundo-cvata unilocularis monofper mis. I found this little fhrub in the woods below Marta-Bree river in Sz. fames’s; it grows among the rocks, and feldom rifes above three or four feet: the flowers rife in {mall loofe bunches from the upper alz of the leaves, SCOPARIA 1. Erea ramofa, foliis linearibus denticulatis verticillato- ternatis. . ! Scoparia L. Sp. Pl. Veronica “Duless, Gc. PE: 65 211. 1-4. Oe 21 E. f. 1. | . Veronica Fruticofa erecta dulcis, Ge. Slo. Cat. 81. & H. t. 108. The Liquorifh-weed, or fweet Broom-weed. This plant is very common in moft of the fugar-colonies ; it grows by a very branched ftalk, and rifes generally to the height of eighteen or twenty inches. The whole plant, efpecially the tender fhoots at the top are frequently ufed in diluting and pectoral infufions, and may defervedly be confidered as an excellent vulnerary. PLANTAGO .. Fi latioribus fübrotundis quinque-neroiis ad marginem appendiculatts. Plantago. Scapo Jpicato, foliis ovatis L. flo. Lap. 62, & Sp. Pl. This plant, whether introduced here originally, or a native, is very common in moft parts of the Ifland, efpecially in the cooler mountains; it is indeed found in ; oe many 146 TH E NAIT.U MAA HISTORY many places, where’ we have no realon to think it had been ever cultivated by any of the human fpecies; but the birds. (the general planters of feeds and fmaller berries) might have probably done the work, ^ Every part of the plant is confider- ed asa gentle fubaftringent ; the feeds are frequently ufed in vulnerary waters. and mixtures ; and the leaves often applied with.fuccefs to fores and wounds by the poorer fort of people. | bas OLDENLANDIA 1. Minor caule teretimo, foliis linearibus oppofitis, ramu- : lis minimis floriferis © pedunculis ramofis vel fim- plicibus ad alas, E) o Oldenlandia. Plum. t. 36. | : Oldenlandia.^: Ehret ti aay cinnemrrA tallin The flender Oldenlandia with {mall narrow Leaves, This plant is found in the moft barren Savannas, and rifes generally to the height of 10 or 14 inches from the root : the foot ftalks of the flowers are fometimes fimple, Aut! oftener branched, and rife immediately from the al of the leaves, or fhoot from the top of the fmaller ramifications : all the parts of the plant are very delicate, OLDENLANDIA 2. Aquatica foliis obovatis oppofitis, foribus Jngu- laribus ad alas.. UE deae „Oldenlandia Pedunculis fimplicifimis fructibus bifpidis. L. Sp. Pl. The Water-Oldenlandia. + -` | Periantium. Quadriphyllum perfiftens, follis lanceolatis germini incidentibus. Corolla. Petula quatuor. minima, vix perjpieua, , ad interfiitias foliorum RE | COMSEE Po OS ua EIS See Stamina. Filamenta quatuor brevia, foliolis calicis Juppofita ; anthere ma- Jores elipticee tncombentes, = Slon Piftillum. | Germen oblongum obverfe-pyramidatum calici fuppofitum ; ftilus | erectus longitudine flaminum, ftigma capitatum obtufum. —— Pericarpium. — Capfula oblonga feffilis obverfe pyramidata quadrigona bi a in vel quadrilocularis, Semina, Plura fubrotunda. "This plant is very common about the ferry ; it is found frequently in the waters, and then it grows of a length proportioned to the depth of the place, and yields: and bends with the ftream ; but both the leaves and ftalks are of a reddifh colour: fometimes it is found upon the banks, and then it is ofa green colour, and a creeper; and generally runs more or lefs, according to the quantity of moifture it can obtain. “Ihave, before examination, taken it for a fpecies of the Onagra. PTEROTA 1. Subfpinofa, foliis minoribus per pinnas marginato-alatas difpofitzs, [bicis geminatis alaribus. Tab. 5. f. 1. Roi. Similis, Gc. Pk. t. 107. f. 4. Schinus — Folris pinnatis foliolis oblongis, &c. L. Sp. Pl. Lauro afinis “fafimini folio, €2c. Slo. Cat. & H. t. 162. f. r. _. The Saven-tree, or baftard Ironwood. This fhrub is very common in the lower lands of ¥amaica, and rifes by a branched and fomewhat prickly ftalk frequently to the height of eight or ten feet: the wood is very hard, andthe branches abundantly furnifhed with little leaves, and {mall white flowers that rife on double fpikes from the ale of the ribs. Its charac- ters have not been yet defcribed ; they appear in the following manner, vz. Periantium. Minimum quadridentatum, Co- and the C Pru AM Arii G Ad | agg Corolla. Letrapetala, petalis oblongis cochleatis patentibus. Stamina, Filamenta quatuor erecta Corollá duplo longiora ; anthere globofce majores. Pifüllum. Germen ovatum; flus ere&us Jimplex longitudine Corcile; ftigma obtufiufculum bilobum. Pericarpium. Capfula fpherica unilocularis bivalvis, ab apice ad bafem de- bifcens, & femen unicum rotundum atro-nitens amplectens. IRSIOLA 1. Tripbylla, fcandens & claviculata, foliis craffis ferratis. Sicyos. Foliis ternatis incifis. L, Sp. PI. Bryonia. Alba, Ge. Slo.Cat. 106. & H. t. 142. f. x. Bryonoides. Pk. 152, f£. 2. & H. M. P. 7? t. 45. "The fhady Irfiola with fucculent Leaves. This plant. is very common in the low lands of Yamaica ; it is always found climbing on the neighbouring bufhes, and is generally divided into a great many very fhady branches: the leaves are thick and juicy, and the berries round, fmooth, and fucculent; its flowers are fmall, and difpofed in the form of an um- brella. "Thefe are the characters of the genus. Periantium. Vix notabile quadridenticulatum. Corolla: efrapetaía decidua, petalis rigidis cochleatis. Stamina. Filamenta quatuor brevifima ; anthere fubrotunda@ verfatilis. Piftillum. Germen fubrotundum, ftilus brevis, ftigma fimplex, Pericarpium. Bacca [pherica fucculenta femine unico nauco proprio tenui tecto | 5. a TO Te 3 | IRSIOLA 2. Seandens, foliis oblongo-ovatis ad margines denticulis fe- taceis refertis. Tab. 4, f. & 1. 2. . fn, Wattow-Valli. H.M. P. 7. t. 32. Bryonia. Alba geniculata, Sc. Slo. Cat. 106, & H. t. 144. 1. The larger Irfiola, or Baftard Bryony with fimple Leaves. This plant is common about the town of King/fon, and generally found climbing upon all the pinguzn-fences, aiid other low bufhes: Its leaves are pretty large and fimple, xile.. The flower-bunches are very {preading and even in all the fpecies. -— IRSIOLA 3. Zriphyla fcandens, foliis ovatis fubdentatis, petiolo com- muni marginato, caliculis majoribus. Bryonia. Alba triphylla maxima. Slo. Cat. 106, & H. tab. 144. z | — "The larger zripbylious Irfiola. CORETA 1. Foliis minoribus ovatis crenatis, floribus fingularibus. Corchorus, Capfulis linearibus compreffis bivalvibus.- L. H. Upf. & Sp. Pl. Corchoro. Afinis, Se. Slo. H. tab. 94, f. 1. & Cat. 5o. -Corchoroides. L. H.C. | Broom-weed. Periantium. Nullum. Corolla, Titrapetala, petalis anguflis primo ereclis, etate patentibus. Stamina. - Filamenta quatuor erecta longitudine floris, anthere fimplices: (a) Mr. Ebrety who has diffeéted the fpecimen reprefented here, has drawn it with four feeds, but I could never obferve more than one in any of the berries. 2 Pif- us THE NATURAL HIS'TPomYy Piftillum. Germen angulum oblongum; fulus fimplex; ftigma ampliatum laceratum. 3 Pericarpium. Capfula longa teres bilocularis quadrivalvis apice quadri- Jariam debifcens ; futuris. majoribus difcepimento oppo- Sfitis. Semina. Plura fimgulatim pofita. This plant is very common in all the fugar colonies, and feldom rifes above two feet and a half from the root ; it grows in dry fandy places, and feems to thrive beft in the open air; it is generally ufed in beefoms by the negroes. CATONIA (a) 1. Foliis ovatis oppofitis vend tenui utrinque margini pa- rallelé, The fhruby Catonia with oval Leaves. Periantium. Quadriphyllum germini incidens, foliolis orbiculatis. Corolla. Nulla. Stam. Filamenta quatuor longitudine calicis ; anthere fubrotunde. Piftillum. Germen globofum calice coronatum «vertice depreffo; ftilus Simplex longitudine calicis; ftigma fimplex. Pericarpium. Bacca fucculata nigra coronata. Semina. Bina bemifpberica cum rudimento tertii €à quindoque quarti. This little {hrub is frequent in the road between Spani/b-town and Sixteen-mile-walk. ISNARDIA? 1. Foliis fefilibus lanceolatis auritis quafi amplexantibus, oppo- 7 fitis feu verticillatis ; floribus ternatis ad alas. Ammannia Folis femi-amplexantibus. caule tetragono, L, H. C. & Sp, Pl. ‘The larger Ifnardia with lanceolated Leaves. Periantium. Tubulatum breve fubventricofum, fere equale ; limbo quadri- corni- culato corniculis minoribus erectis membraná tenui interne veffitis atque adnatis. ! Corolla. Nulla, nifi membranam illam pro corolla babere vis. Stamina. Filamenta quatuor inferne tubo leniter. adnata, & calice breviora; anthere /ubrotundz. tn Piftillum. Germen fubrotundum calice inclufum, ftilus brevifimus ; fligma obtu- um quafi quadrilobum. Pericarpium. Cap/ula tenuis globofa calice tecla © corniculis coronata, quadri- locularis, feptis tenuiffimis divifa. Semina. Quam plurima minima, This herbaceous plant is pretty common about the ferry ; it grows generally by a fimple ftalk while young, but throws out a few branches the fecond year, and fel- dom rifes above twenty-four or thirty inches in height: the ftem is commonly qua- drangular, and furnifhed with long lanceolated leaves without foot-ftalks whofe lobes {hoot obtufely backwards on either fide, by which they feem to encompafs the main ftalk ; they are difpofed in an oppofite or ternate order, and embrace the flowers at their infertions; but thefe are feldom more than three together, and always join- ed by fhort foot-ftalks to a common pedettal fixed clofe to the ftalk in the bofom of every leaf. : : o RIVINA 1. Dichotoma ereéa, foliis ovato-accuminatis, [picis laxis lates ralibus affurgentibus, (a) a Catone, authore antiquo de re ruftica, Ri- {AO ql jq AAM TA TIAG AT H 7 149 Rivina. Plum. t. 39. Rivina L, H.C. & Sp;Pl, Rivina. Humilis račemofe, baccis priisceis. Pita, "Sha yaar Rivinia With Scarlet Bees: This plant grows very.common about Sz. Anne's, and-in moft. places in the fhoun- tains where the foil is fandy and well fhaded ; it rifes. commonly to the height of two or three feet, fometimes more, and is well fupplied with berries towards the top ; thefe are very. fucculerit, . and! of a’ fine Acarlet, colour; but. the. _ juice is apt to change (a i). RIV I N I A 2. " Barmentof, y MUT erafferils folis dé, poribus am catis dodecandris, Tab: 2 Rivinia. | Scandens uo. npe Jolani E baccis penas rn. & as- "e M9 — me ee ee —— A — MÀ" len) tit t The Hoop Withe. ; Periantium. Syådripby lum, foliolis ovatis cochleatis reflexis perfi od ... Corolla; , —''"$tamihd. ` 3 Pierii Yubin pas. "ab, p areblis difinis us, alterna’ ge- : minata ; -anthere guajores oblonge erecta caduce. Piftillum. Germen conico-ovatum, illus nullus vel brevi iffimus, figa obtufum, ubrugofum. Pericarpium. Bacca 2 fubrotunda, Juccilenta, fubcerulea unilocularis. x aged Nucleus unicus mnie — nuper take de naucá tenui T . Veni te HS. x This plant is very common in the low lands, alt eee agreat way among the neighbouring fhrubs and bufhes ;. the main ftalk grows to a moderate thicknefs, being feldom under an inch or. two-in diameters ; and.throws;out a few flénder branches to- wards the top; "wlüch:are. «generally :adorned with. flowers ‘at their. extremities, The berries make the principal part of the food of the American thruth, or nightingale, while they are in feafon; they contain a very Oily feed, and after that bird has fwallowed a good: nd pic of them, £5 may frequently obferve it to fly to the next bird-pepper- ihr d Ka f Bu warm berries, Ts e yo doubtlefs has taught it "what was. ihe prom wat dini ar nous heavy food. The ftalk is very. rough an exile and ue Ò hoc ^ WHER there isa {earcity of thole imported from Europe, oF obtuse but they are not fo Strong, or Siola and ue ufed only in time of need. EY" ad 3% eoolut Sri i ; o i T3 E TM E (ít £23 IL. rd tet Shi ry: Jech. as. have fuo Stiles or female Parts in every Flower. Cc USCUTA- an \ Rainoft repens, Jpn conglomeratis Cufcuta Floribus feffilibus.. L. Sp. P. ` Cufeuta Caute apbylld volubilt es “flo! "Virg. Cufcuta . Jnter majorem. e minorem media, C?c. - Slo. Cat. -This parafitical thready plant is frequently found creeping upon the grafs, and lower buíhes in ‘famaica: it has been always efteemed as a diuretic and aperitive, and formerly ufed as an ingredient in fome of the compofitions of the fhops. SECT. (a) This plant has no more than four Filaments in every Flower. | Rr | ga THE NAITJU RAL HIS DORY S,& C T. n^ Of Juch as have four Stiles or female Parts-in every Flower. PoTAMOGETON I. Aquaticum foliis oblongis, floribus fpicatis. Potamogeton . Foliis oblongo-ovatis innatantibus, L. Flo. Lap. 68. The aquatic Potamogeton with oblong flower fpikes. This aquatic plant is very common in thofe little rivulets about the Ferry; the narrownefs of its leaves proceeds probably from its long continuance under water. CL see Of the Pentandria, or Vegetables that have five Filaments UR every Flower. B. EG T. L Of ds as have five Filaments or male Paris, ma one Stile or ; female. Part in every Flowers 5 OR R A G Q: Calicibus patentibus. Ea H. | Borrago Foliis: omnibus xcu calicibus putei L. H, Upf. & Sp. PI. ee Offcinarum.: | | Bonane i - "This T grows and thrives very luxuriantly in the mountains of New ie it has been always efteemed as an excellent cooling cordial in all febrile cafes; and my be juftly regarded. as.a proper fimple to be ufed in fuch over- heated ftates of the blood: it is generally adminiftered in decoétions and infufions with other - cooling medicines. A diftilled water of both the leaves and flowers of this plant has been formerly kept in the fhops, as well asa conferve of the bloffoms; but thefe are very little regarded in modern practice, efpecially in England, where moft of the difeafes proceed rather from inaction and the vifeidity of the juices. HELIOTROPIUM. ^1. Herbaceum majus birfutum, foliis rugofis cordato- ovatis, Jpicts craffis geminatis terminalibus. Heliotropium |. Foliis cordato-ovatis acutis Jcabriufculis, Sructibus bifidis, L. Sp.. Pl. Heliotropium Indicum dad Soltis latioribus. — 'Thez. Zey. p. 120. Heliotropium, Majus. Slo, Cat. 94. 2. Heliotropium Americanum caeruleum, Gc. Pk. t. 94. f. 3. The larger villous Turnfole or Heliotrope. HELL O 7Fo 1k; ALM fA | € LA. 151 HELIOTROPIUM . 2. Hirfutum late virens, foliis rugofis ovatis, fpicis graciloribus fingularibus lateralibus, quandoque terminalibus. Heliotropium — Judicum foliis hormini minus, Par. Bat. & Thez. Zey. Heliotropium | Curafavicum bhormini — foliis anguftioribus, €c, ^ Slo. Cat. 94. f. 4. Jacua Acunga Pif. 229. An, Heliotropium Efe. Pk. 48. f. 7. The fmaller hairy Turnfole. Both thefe plants are natives of Yamaica, and pretty common about every fettle- ment almoft in the lower lands ; the former grows more rank and luxuriant, and generally is of a livid green colour and furnifhed with thick flower-fpikes; the other feldom rifes above two thirds of the height of this, and is always more delicate in every part; it is of a fine green colour, and bears its flowers on long and flender fpikes that rife from the fides of the upper branches, fometimes alone, and fometimes from the alz of the leaves. HELIOTROPIUM 3. Supinum leucopheum molle, füliis anguflis. Heliotripium Foliis lanceolato-linearibus glabris aventis, fpicis conjugatis. co CE HS C. & Sp. Rhe i jl Heliotropium Monet ludicum procumbens glaucophyllum, Pk. t'10 2 T 30. 1. 3 Heliotropium ~ Maritimum, €. Slo. Cat. 94. & H. t. 132. The fupine afh-coloured Turnfole. This weakly plant grows in tufts, and is always found fpreading about the root; it feldom fhoots above fourteen or fixteen inches in length, and is eafily diftin- guifbed by its whitifh fmooth narrow leaves. HELIOTROPIUM 4. Fruticulfum birfutum, folis lanceolatis minori- CECI Me Ser bus, fpicis fingularibus terminalibus. Heliotropium Minus Lithofpermi folits. Slo. Cat. 95. & H., t. 132. cano 0008 06^ "Phe fmall hruby Turnfole. This little plant grows commonly.about Old Harbour, and feldom rifes above five or fix inches; the leaves are fmall and hairy, and the ftalks of a fhruby appearance. The flower-fpikes in all the other fpecies are generally paired or double paired, and arched in a fpiral form, bearing all the flowers and feeds on the upper fides of them and that generally in a double range or line; but the fpikes of this laft fort are always fingle and not much bent. ' : | | j sarie MENYANTHES 1.. Aquatica Nympbeæ foliis cordato-orbiculatis, petiolis : oriferis. | Menyanthes Foliis cordatis, corollis interne pilofs. L. Sp. Pl. Nymphea - Judica minor foribus cum petiolis ex folorum pedunculis. Pk. E 259. La. Vedal-Ambel H. M. P. 11. t.28. 'The large round-leaf'd Menianthes. This plant grows at Mr. Price’s Decoy in the mountains, and has all the appear- ance of a fmaller Water-lilly: The flowers fhoot from the foot-ftalks of the leaves about three or four inches below their infertions, MY R S- iè} THEANA TURAL HIs'TORY MYRSTIPHYLLUM | i. Minus fruticofum, foliis ovato-acuminatis nis | X tidis fubrigidis oppofitis. | The fmaller Myrfüphyllum. with. fhining -leaves. Periantium. Minimum monopbyllum campanulatum, ore quinquedentato. © Corolla. Monopetala campanulata calice duplo major, limbo quinguepartito. Stamina. Filamenta quinque brevia birfuta ad faucem corolle porrecta, antheræ cordate. s i Lm . Piftillum. Germen fubrotundum in fundo calicis fotum, ftylus longitudinis ferà | oris, ftigma ampliatum bilobum. | Pericarpium. Drupa ficca fubrotunda bilocularis bifpermis. This {mall fhrub is common: about the Ferry and in the Savanna near Hunts- Bay’; but it feldom rifes above four or five feet in height. It is eafily diftingui(hed by its tufted bufhy form and ímooth leaves. CONVOLVULUS 1. Scandens, foliis trilobis quandoque cordatis: fepti- nervis, pedunculis minus ramofis alaribus. ` -Convolvulus ` Foliis cordatis Panduræformibus, cálicibus levibus. 1G. Sp. PI. Convolvulus: Foo lanato in tres lacinias divifo. Slo. Cat. 55. H. t. 98. Mecapatli Hernandes, 304. } : The wild Potato-flip." E This plant is very common in all: parts of Yamarca; it (hoots by a vety flender ftem, and climbs to the tops of. the talleft trees in the woods: Hern. fays that a de- co&ion of the frefh leaves purges moderately, and deftroys the worms. CONVOLVULUS, 2. Polyantbos. fubbirfutus, foliis cordato-ovatis quando- i que lobatis, foribus fafciculatis alaribus, | calieidus longioribus birfutis. y Convolvulus Foliis trilobis tomentofis caule lanuginofo. L. Sp. Pl. Convolvulus Minor lanuginofus, folio fubrotundo, &c. Slo. Cat, 58. & H. t. 99. Si The fmaller climbing Convolvulus with long hairy cups. CONVOLVULUS 33. Herbaceus repens minor, corolld quinquefidá, ftylo T te cil ad bafem ufque quadripartito, floribus fingularibus | hant - ad alas. i The fmaller creeping Convolvulus.” This little plant is found on the fide of the road that leads to the foot of the long mountain in Liguanee ; it creeps and roots upon the ground, but feldom grows above two or three inches in length ; the leaves are roundiíh, and the flowers tubular, but moderately open and divided at the margin ; the ftile is divided in four parts to the very bafe, and the fruit is a capfulé, and contains two or four feeds like the reft of the fpecies, nor are the ftamina very equal.in their length, which obliged me to place it under this denomination. CONVOLVULUS 3b, Herbaceus erectus, Solis linearibus, pedunculis longis us tenuiffimis bibracteatis alaribus, Tab. 10. f. 2. An, Alcines Facie Miofotis Se, Pk, t. Qs fai I. ! The fmall ere& Convolvulus, i ! This a DOF -F J A AMI “A TI ACAN I53 This little. plant is fometimes found: in' the low lands of. Jamaica, and fel- dom rifes above ten or fourteen inches from the root: the ftalk is generally fimple or but very little divided, flender and upright; the leaves are narrow and few, and throw out fo many long and delicate flower-ftalks from their ala, gach furnifhed with a very {mall exterior biphyllous cup about the middle: the files are two and bifid ; and the capfule divided into two or four cells, and contain many feeds. The whole plant has the appearance of a very fine fpecies of the flax. CONVOLVULUS 3° Ereétus herbaceus fubbirfutus, foliis linearibus; pe- dunculis brevibus fimplicibus falitariis ad alas. Tab. x. f. 3. The fmall erect Convolvulus. This plant grows in the fame foyl with the foregoing, and is fo, extremely like it that you can hardly. diktinguith the one from the other without great attention ; the flower-ftalks are very fhort in this, the cups fingle, and every flower furnifhed vob four ftiles. CONVOLVULUS 4. Herbaceus repens, foliis fubrotundis, floribus quinque- enenatis fingularibus alaribus, - Convolvulus Folits fubrotundis caule repenti. L. Sp. Pl. Convolvulus: ; Minor repens &c. > Slow Catog8. &: HA t. 99. E d. Veftnu Handi H. M. P. 11. t. 64. The {mall creeping FEE to | This little plant is very common. about the Savaiínas; it throws out a few flender creeping ftalks furnifhed with roundith leaves, from whofe ale rife fo many flowers, fupported by flender foot-ftalks and double cups: the flowers are | pretty deeply crenated both in’ this oe the foregoing pi CONVOLVULUS ^ Maritimus, füliis nitidis Jibreturdis o emarginatis, ; : HQ xy “petiolis Biglandulis." - | ess Foliis emarginatis, pedunculis ifr. L. Sp. Pl. Convolvulus |. Marztzmus major WEN -— Slo. Cat. ta f i, & 2. - Convolvulus- Maritimus. Pif: 258. `- Convolvulus Mu Zoe Se, Thee: Bey. The purging ‘Sea-bindweed. This plant grows generally near the fea, and is yery, common in many parts of Jamaica; it creeps a confiderable way, and throws out fome fhort foliated branches from fpace to.fpace as it runs: the leaves are beautifully veined and have each a fmall notch at the top; the root is a Witte purgative, and fometimes ufed with fuccefs in hydropic cafes, the whole plant is very milky. CON VOLVULUS 6. Miner fcandens, floribus plurimis A MN calicibus labris, apa quadrifpernis, fai cog -eirdatis. " The ife ecg Convolvulus with fmooth, cups. CONVOLVUL US. 7- Poliantbos glaber undique repens, racemis- fubcomofis i Jparfis & alaribusy capfulis moriofper mais. Sf code 254 T HE. WAIT MAA HISTORY Convolvulus Major polianthos c, Slo. Cat. $5. & H. t. 972. | Chriftmas-Gambol. 3 This plant is common about Spani/btown, and {preads very thick upon all the bufhes that grow near it ; it blooms about Chrifimas, and bears a great abundance of white flowers from the ale of the upper leaves and branches, which are fucceeded by fo many oblong capfule that feldom contain more one feed each. All the parts of the plant are fmooth. CONVOLVULUS 68. Foliis cordato-acuminatis, floribus umbellatis luteis, Juflentaculis longis alaribus. The yellow flowered Convolvulus. : This plant is common about the Ferry, and grows frequently in the bufhes be- tween that place and Mr. Price’s; it bears beautiful yellow flowers, and the ftalks are always margined on one fide, but the capfule are generally {mall and oblong; and the figure of the leaves very various. S CONVOLVULUS 9. Refens, foliis amplifimis cordatis, pedunculis longis : ramofis alaribus. The large heart-leaf'd Convolvulus. CONVOLVULUS 10. Uliginofus repens, Jolis amplioribus orbiculatis venofis. = eo eee coi FheSwamp-Convolvulus. —— ins Both thefe plants are found in Jamaica, the former about Mangeneel, the latter about the Lagoons eaftward of Kingflon ; both fpecies fpread generally a great way, . and are remarkable enough for the fize and difpofition of their leaves. CONVOLVULUS rr. Repens floribus paucioribus, pedunculis longis ala- ribus, radice craffo carnofo albo: Et CONVOLVULUS. 12. Etc. radice craffo carnofo luteo. Convolvulus Folits cordatis angulatis radice tuberofo. L: H, C. & Gro. o. Virg. Bermudas Potatoes. Catefby vol. ii. t. 60. Ages Mart. page 6. & Jeteiba Pil. 254.0 e | The Potatoe and Potatoe-flip. è Both thefe plants are now cultivated all over America, and fupply the Negroes and - poorer fort of people with a great part of their food in many places ; they are hardly diftinguifhed by the tops, but the roots of the latter are conftantly of a yellow co- lour, and thofe of the former white : the plant rifes equally from the bits and flips, tho’ generally propagated by the latter, and is cultivated by laying a few fhort juncks of the ftem, or larger branches in fhallow interrupted trenches, and covering them with the mould from the banks. The roots grow to full maturity in three or four months, and the propagation is continued- by covering the ftems, bits and fmaller protuberances with mould as they dig up the more perfect bulbs for. ufe. The leaves make.a very agreeable fodder for fheep, goats, hogs, rabbits and horfes upon occafion ; and the roots boiled, mafhed and fermented, make a pleafant cool- ing drink, I P O- ee ÖR Hy UA MUAT O A. 155 IPOMEA Foliis capillaceis pinnatis, floribus rubellis folitarits. Ipomea Foliis pinnatifidis linearibus foribus folttariis. Sp. Pl Quamoclit Foliis tenuiffimis €9. pinnatis. Intt. & Thez. Zey. Convolvulus LExoticus annuus Sc. Slo, Cat. 58. Tsjuria-crante H. M. p. 11. t. 60. The American Jeflamine. This plant is cultivated in many of the gardens of Jamaica on account of its beau- tiful flowers and thick foliage; it is a weakly climber, and feldom rifes above four feet from the ground, but its minutely diffected heavy foliage renders it very remarkable, IPOMEA 2. Silvefris foliis € floribus ampl; iffimis, tubis forum Jubte- retibus. Convolvulus Maximus, Gc. Slo. Cat. 55. & H. t. 96. f. 1. Munda Valli H. M. p. 11. t. 5o. b The large white-flower'd Ipomea. This plant grows in great abundance about the Ferry, and along Spani/btown river in the road to Sixteen-mile Walk ; it runs a great way among the buthes, and is adorned with many white flowers whofe tubes are feldom under three to four inches in length : the leaves of this plant, and indeed of all the fpecies of both thefe ge- nus’s, are very variable, being fometimes of the form of a heart, and at other times lobed. IPOMEA 3. Foliis cordatis nd tubo floris arcuato, limbo crenato. Ipomea Foliis cordatis acuminatis bafi anguflioribus, pedunculis multifloris, L. Sp. Pl. The Ipomea with arched flower-tubes. This plant grows pretty common about S7. famess, and bears a beautiful redifh blofiom: it is remarkable for the curved or arched figure of the tube of its flowers. IPOMEA 4. Hirfuta repens minor pentaphylla, foliis oblongis leviter crenatis. Ipomea Bii SE cesi digitatis, fupra glabris, caule sh ofo, pedunculis L.H.U Sp. Pl. PN Converts ota hirfutus, Gc. Thez. Zey. 70. Pulli Schovadi H. 4M. p. 11. t. 59. The hairy Tiger's-foot. IPOMEA zs. Levis minor pentaphylla, calicibus hifpidis, floribus quafi um- bell atis. Ipomea Foliis digitatis glabris, foliolis fe efilibus caule levi. L. Sp. P. Convolvulus Indicus, Sc. Thez, Zey. 71. The fmooth-leaf'd Tiger’s-foot. Both thefe plants are frequent in the low lands of ‘famazca, and generally found creeping upon the ground, or fpreading over the lower bufhes. IPOMEA 6. Heptadaétyla major fcandens, flore majori vae cabe membranaceo, feminibus majoribus villofis. Ipomea di C lobis feptenis lanceolatis integerimis. L. H. Upf. p. Fi. Convol- 1b T HIE NATUR AAL(H ESTO RR Y Convolvulus Etc. Prof p. Alp. 211. Convolvulus Major beptapbyllus. Slo. Cat. 55. & H. tab. 96. f. 2. The feven-year Vine, or Spani/b Arbor-Vine. This plant has been probably introduced here from fome part of the main conti- nent, and is now cultivated in many places about the towns : it is naturally a climber, and fpreads many yards from the root, which with its thick foliage and large flow- ers, render it extremely fit for arbors, and very pleafing to the eye: it is much ufed for fhade in thofe parts of the world. ANTHELMENTHIA 1. Quadripbylla, . fpicis terminalibus © e centro . rondts. : Spigelia Ramis indivifis, foliis terminalibus verticillatis. Butneri, Spigelia Linnez. Sp. & Gen. Plant. Arababaca Quadrifolia fructu tefticulato. Plum. Brazeel-Parfly Etc, Pet. Gar. t. 59. f. 10. | = Worm-grafs. ` "This plant grows naturally in moft parts of Scuth America, and is now cultivated in many of the gardens of Jamaica.: it rifes from a (mall tapering root well charged with fibres on all fides, and fhoots by a ftreight, fmooth, roundifh hollow ftalk, which fcems to grow thicker as it rifes to'the height of five, feven, nine or thirteen inches, its ufual growths; the main flem emits two, four or fix lateral and oppafite branches as it rifes, which like the parent ftalk, are furnifhed with four oval, pointed, and - almoft equal leaves, difpofed in the form of a crofs at the top: from the center of thefe it throws out one, two, or more fpikes, which bear all their flowers and feed- — one fide of them, and are commonly from one half to two or three inches in length. GS us This vegetable has been long in ufe among the Negroes and Indians, who were the firft acquainted with its virtues; and takes ne arent denomination from its pe- culiar efficacy in deftroying of worms; which, I dare affirm, from a great num- ber of fuccefsful experiments, it does in fo extraordinary a manner, that no other fimple can be of equal efficacy in any other difeafe as this is in thofe that proceed from thefe infects, efpecially when attended with a fever or convulfions. The method of preparing this medicine is as follows, wz: You take of the plant, roots and all, either frefh gathered or dry, two moderate handfulls, and boil them over a gentle fire in two quarts of water until one half of the liquid is confumed ; then ftrain off the remainder, and add a little fugar, and lemon juice to give it a more agreeable tafte, and keep it from growing vifcid or clammy. It may be however ob- ferved, that the deco&tion is fometimes clarified, and fweetened, and is then equally efficacious ; which gives a hint to have it made into a fyrup. The common method of adminiftering this medicine is as follows, viz. To a full grown perfon, you give halfa pint at the hour.of reft, and a proportionate quantity to all weaker and younger fubjects, which is to be repeated once in twenty four hours for two or three days after: but as the largenefs of this dofe may render its operation too violent, and the ufe of it both unfafe and precarious ; I would recom- mend the following method, as lefs hazardous and as effectual. Give about four ounces to a full grown’ perfon for the firft dofe, and about two or three every fix hours after, if its anodyne quality will permit; but to perfons of a weaker confti- tution, it fhould be repeated only every ten or twelve hours: this is to be continued for the fpace of thirty fix, or forty eight hours, when the double dofe may be again repeated; and after this takes its full effect, it muft be worked off with fome gentle purgatives, fuch as the infufion of Senna or Rhubarb with Manna, &c. 2 The O Fi HJ AAM ATI^C: M 157 This medicine procutes fleep almoft as certainly, and in an equal degtee with opium; but the eyes feem diftended, and appear bright and fparkling as they gene- rally do before the eruption of the fmall pox and meafles, after the fleepy’ effects are over. In a fhort time after this firft dofe is adminiftered the pulfe grows regular - and begins to rife; the fever cools ; the convulfions, if any, abate; all the fymptoms appear more favourable; and the worms are generally difcharged in great quantities, by the ufe of the fubfequent purgatives, if not before ; often above a hundred at a time : but when a few only come away, and thofe alive, which feldom is the cafe, the dofe muft be again repeated, and this fcarcely ever fails. I never knew this medicine ineffectual when there. was the leaft probability of fuc- cefs ; nay, have often found it ferviceable when there was not the leaít reafon to ex- pe& it: I have been however cautious in ordering it for children; for tho' I never knew it at all hurtful, its effects upon the eyes are fuch as frequently deterred me ; efpecially, as their fibres are weakly, and more fenfible of irritation, and the fevers arifing from this fource in fuch fubje&ts, feldom fo violent as to hinder the adminif- tration of fome other medicine, that may prove equally as effectual when the fymp- toms are not too urgent. LISIANTHIUS 1. Erecfus, foliis lanceolatis floribus fingularibus ter- | minalibus. Tab. 9. fut... Lifianthius Etc. Thez. Zeyl. 145. 2 at. 67. Rapunculus | Fruzicofus linifolizs, Se. Slo, Cat. 58, & H. t. 101. The larger Lifianthius with lanceolated leaves. Periantium. Pentaphyllum, foliis ànguflis acuminatis carinatis erecto-conniven- ` tibus, ad dorfum angulatis acutis © fubalatis, marginibus membranaceis. Corolla. Monopetala tubulata; tubus longus ad apicem calicis coarétatus, & inde ad faucem gradatim ampliatus , limbus patulus in quinque lacinias lanceolatas divifus. Stamina. Filamenta quinque infine floris parti adnata, ereta €8 tubo longiora ; STARS anther oblongo-ovate. eoi . Pifüllum. Germen ovato-acuminatum, ftylus fimplex longitudinis flaminum, flig- DT ui lo eneg o Ma Gapttatum Dilobuptes ilih bas ouo | 13 aii . Pericarpium. | Capfula oblongo-ovata bilocularis, feminibus plurimis referta. . "This elegant little plant is not uncommon in the road to Sixteen-mile Walk; and frequently met with in the mountains of Sz. Anns; t grows in a dry fandy but cool foyl, and, rifes generally to the height of fourteen or fixteen inches or better: it is not much .divided, but all the branches fhoot commonly to the fame height, and are furnifhed with oblong, pointed leaves difpofed in an oppofite order: the flowers are large in proportion to the plant; they are generally longer than the leaves, and ftand at the extremities of the branches. The whole plant makes an elegant ap- Wear Inthe WooBE, a ee ee ee em | LISIANTHIUS 2. Foliis cordato-acuminatis, petiolis brevibus, foribus | , terminalibus quandoque geminatis, "Tab. g. f. 2. The heart-leaf'd Lifianthus. 3 This plant may be. deemed a variation of the foregoing ; they are at leaft fo very like in the general make and habit, that the form of the leaves is almoft the only difference obferved between them ; I found this plant growing on the banks of Mam- mee River between the hills above Bul/-Zay. E Tt PLU M- 358 THE NATU RAL HISTORY PLUMBAGO 1. Spicis ramofis terminalibus, petiolis brevibus, fre albo, - Plumbago Fols petiolatis. L. H. C. & Sp. Pl. Dentellaria Lychnoides filvatica, Ge. Slo, Cat. 91, & H. t. 133. Tumba Cadiveli H. M. P. 10. t. 8. The larger Plumbago with branched flowet-fpikes, This plant is very common among the buíhes in all the low lands: it is of an acid corrofive nature. : | CEDRELA 1. Foliis majoribus pinnatis, floribus laxà racemofis, ligno levi odorato. Tab. 10. fig. 1. | Cedrus Barbadienfium alatis fraxini foliis, Gc. Pk. Phy. t. 157. f. 1. Pruno forte Affinis Arbor maxima, Ge, Slo. Cat.182. & Hii. t.220. f.2. Barbadoes Cedar. Periantium. Monophyllum tubulato-campanulatum quinque crenatum. Corolla. Monopetala calice duplo longior, ultra medietatem in quinque lacinias oblongas fecta. oR > PUES. | Stamina. Filamenta quinque corollá breviora, infernà craffiora €9 germini adnata, Juperné hbera; anthete Jubrofunde. | Piftillum. Germen fubrotundum, ftylus longitudinis flaminum, ftigma craffum capitatum. i1 Pericarpium. — Capfula ovata quinquelocularis, quinquévalvis © quinquefariam | vel à bafi vel ab apice dehifcens, ex, involucro- gemino con- | | Jfirucias exterius craffum Yigneum, interius fenuius contiguum, | = Q feminibus immediate luper impour : | Receptaculum. Columnare oblongum ineguale pentagonum per axem longitudi- nalem capfule porretium, dngulis fifuris capfule oppofitis, — Semina, --Plurima oblonga comprelJa, inferne, tumida, Juperne membranacea ala- i to-caudata, imbricàtim pofita, € nervo tenut per alam porretto apici receptaculi adnata. | | | This tree was very common, and ftill continues to grow in tnány. parts of the Ifland; it is one of the largeft timber-trees in the woods, and frequently found about fix or feven feet in diameter :. the trunk is covered with a rough bark marked with longitu- dinal fiffures, which as well as the berries and leaves, bii fo difagreeable a {mell (a) while freth, that few people care to go into the woods where any of thofe trees have been recently cut down: the timber, however, has a pleafant fmell ; it is very full of a dark refinous fobinin, light, porous, and eafily worked; and much efteemed - for wainfcoting, and the internal partitions of moft forts of cabinet ware. It makes good, planks ‘and fhingles for Routes, but cannot be made into cafks, as all fpirituous iquors diffolve a great quantity of its natural refin, and acquire a ftrong bitter tafte from thence: it is the beft wood we know of for canoes and petiagers of a larger fize, and frequently made into worm-tubs as well as other water conveniencies. CEDRÉLA 2. Foliis pinnatis, foribus fparfis, ligno graviori. Arbor Foliis pinnatis, Se. Catef, Vol, ii, t81. & Miller. 77 Appen. - Mahagony. " This tree grew formerly very common in Yamaica, and while it could be had in the low lands, and brought to market at an eafy tate, furnifhed a very confiderable BF (a). The fmell of all the outward and more tender parts of this tree perfectly refembles that of 4a fa- tida, but is rather heavier, branch YR gp t D:IPIP A MIN T /CV ARX IT T . g branch of the exports of that Ifland; it thrives in moft foyls, and varies both its grain and texture with each: that which grows among the rocks is fmaller, but very hard and weighty, of a clofe grain and beautifully fhaded ; while the produce of the low and richer lands is obferved to be more light and porous, of a paler co- lour and open grain; and that of mixed foyls to hold a medium between both, The tree grows very tall and fteight, and generally bears a gréat number of capfulz in the féafon ; the flowers are of a reddifh or faffton colour, and thé fruit of an oval form and about the fize of a turkey’s egg, while that of the foregoing fpecies hardly exceeds the fize of a nutmeg. The wood is generally hard, takes a fine po- lifh, and is found to anfwer better than any other fort in all kinds of cabinet-ware ; it is now univerfally efteemed and {ells at a good price; but it is pity that it is not cultivated in the moré convenient wafte lands of that Ifland. It is a very {trong timber, and anfwers very well in beams, joifts, plank, boards and fhingles ; and has been frequently put to thofe ufesin J2maica in former times. CEDRELA 3. Orok folio ampliori, fructu pentagom. | Hoüft. apud Mill. This plant does not grow in Jamaica, and is only inferted here to fhew that there is another fpecies of the kind known: it was difcovered by Mr. Hou/lon near the Gulf of Honduras, and is faid to grow very large, ' TON CONOCARPUS 1. Foliis eliptico-ovatis, petiolis biglandulatis, racemis (. oot i denis, frudtibas fejunthis 5- Mangle Foliis elipticis ex adverfo nafcentibus. Slo, Cat, 1 56. & H. vol, ii. 66. | The white Mangrove. Periantium: ^ Germen compreffum obovatim, ad ütrtimguè. latus medio margine j denticulo. notatum, ad apicem excavatum, quihque folios mini- mis fubrotundis cocbleatis conniventibus coloratis coronatum. /."Cerolla.. Petali quinque minima, foliolis calicis. fuppofitay conhiventia, decidua, _ Stamina, . lamenta quinque brevia conniventia ; anthere globofe. . Piftillum. ^ Germen ut fupra. deferiptum calicula coronatum, ftylus breviffimus, igma obtufiim fungofum. See | Pericarpium. Capfila fungofo«corticofa compreffa obovata, ad utrumqué mar- 00 cvs sot inem prominule €). f'abangulata unilocularis; coronata” Semen. Unicum oblongum, membraned propriá oboolutum, intra capfulam ger mi PIOZTOHZTOT — €ÓNOCARPUS. z. Foliis oblongis, petiolis brevibus, floribus in caput - conicum collectis. Conocarpus — Erecfa foliis oblongis. L. Sp. Pl. Alnus Maritima myrtifolia corariorum. | Pk. t; 2400. 3. Alnifructu Laurifelia Arbor, &c, Slo. Cat. 135. & H. t. 161. "The Button-tree, or Button- wood. sah Both. thefe trees are very common in Yamaica; and grow rey luxuriantly in all the low fandy bays and marfhes round the Ifland ; they feldom rife above fifteen or fix- teen feet, and are of little ufe: the bark of the latter is faid to tan leather well. MORENDA 1. Subfruticofa, filiis oblongis anguftis utrinque acutis, radice : UT AE EEGA rm | Morinda Procumbens. L. H. C. & Sp. PI. An, Periclimenum Surreffum, &c. Pk. t. 212. f. ren The {maller fhruby Morinda. MORIN- 160. THEANATURA B Mis TOR ¥ MORINDA .2. Anguftifolia fcandens. Periclimenum Reéfum Perfice foliis, Gc. Pk. t. 212. f. g. The narrow-leaf’d climbing Morinda. MORINDA 3. Scandens, foliis oblongo-ovatis. Periclimenum Americanum è cujus radice fit atramentum. Pk. t. 212. f.4. Morinda Arborea pedunculis folitarizs. L. flo. Zey. & Sp. Pl. The oval leaf 'd climbing Morinda. MORINDA 4. Fruticofa foliis amplioribus ovatis, pedunculis. longioribus | ramofis. The larger fhruby Morinda. Thefe plants are very common about the low lands, and frequently found climbing among the bufhes in all the lower hills; the roots colour linens of a dark hue, and may probably prove a ufeful ingredient among the Dyers. '"PSYCHOTROPHUM ı. Fruticofum foliis vengfis ovatis oppofitis, petiolis fli- pulatis, racemis terminalibus, baccis compreffis. The oval-leaf'd Pfychotrophum with redifh veins and fpikes. Periantium. Monophyllum conico-tubulatum, infernà compreffum pregnans quin- ue dentatum.. = = ye Corolla. Monopetala tubulata, tubus feré equalis calice duplo longior, fauce (in (0000 co bác fpecie) villofá ; limbus ere&us quinquepartitus. Stamina. Filamenta quinque brevia ut plurimum tubo vali anthere erele A ovate in fauce fite. | vay io Piftillum, Germen fubrotundum calice tetfum. denticulifque coronatum, fty\us fimplex ad apicem bifidus; longitudinis tubi corolle; ftigmata, in prima fpecie, oblonga reflexa ; in fecundá, cirrofa reflexa ; in Jextá, vaginata, in ceteris fimplicta, | Pericarpium. Bacca fubrotunda fucculenta calice tecta & coronata, bilocularis. Semina. Nucleoli bini bemifpheriei folitarii, feminibus coffee fimiles, — PSYCHOTROPHUM 2, Fruticulofum, foliis amplioribus ovatis ffipulis. ri- gidis interpofitis, ramulis craffioribus,’ racemis umbellulatis, fuffentaculis | ternato-ternatis. ab. 17. f. 2. | The fmaller fucculent Pfycotrophum. — The figure of the fruit reprefented here was taken from a dry fpecimen, in which the pulp had been greatly fhrunk up. PSYCHOTROPHUM 3. Fruticfum, foliis ovatis venofis, flipulis bidentatis, A racemis terminalibus croceis. "Tab. 13.f.1. & 2. The fmaller Pfycotrophum with a foxy top. PSYCHOTROPHUM 4. Foliis-ovatis venof, floribus quafi umbellatis, fuffen- -— taculis longioribus. The larger fhruby Pfychotrophum with fpreading flowers. : T atten $ PSYCO- ` ias - diii O F J A MLA- C.A. 161 PSYCHOTROPHUM 5. Hirfutum foliis ovatis. The hairy Pfychotrophum. PSYCHOTROPHUM 6. Fruticofum foliis plumbeis ovato acuminatis, flo» ribus laxe racemofis. The {hruby Píychotrophum with a livid foliage. - PSYCHOTROPHUM 7. Herbaceum repens filvaticum foliis fubrotundo-cor- / datis oppofitis, floribus paucioribus alaribus, laci- nits corolle erecto-patentibus. | Viole folio Bacifera, Slo. Cat. 115. Jafminum. Inodorum repens &c. Barreri 63. Karinta Kab. H. M. tab, 21. The {mall creeping P/ychotrophum with Ground-Ivy Leaves, — All thefe plants are very common in Jamaica ; they are for the moft part fhruby, and rife generally from three to fix or feven feet in height. The leaves are difpofed in an oppofite order in all of them, and the foot-ftalks generally fupported with //zpule at their infertions: the flowers are commonly in loofe clufters, and ter- minate the ftalks and branches ; but the laft fort, whofe characters agree pretty well both with thefe and the coffee, is intirely a creeper, fhoots by a veryflender ftalk, and roots almoft at every joint: They are all natives of the woods, and grow beft. in a rich fhady foil. The feeds of all the fpecies are pretty much like thofe of coffee. COFFEA 1. Fruéticofa foliis oppofitis, floribus plurimis fefilibus ad alas, Coffea. L. Sp. Pl. & H. Cl. Coffea. Arabica, &c. Pk. Ph. t. 272. f. 1. Arbor Yemenfis. Prucfum Coffé ferens, Be. Gc. Duglas, * The Coffec-tree. This fhrub has been long introduced and cultivated in the Ifland of Yamaica ; where it grows very luxuriantly, and rifes frequently to the height of eight or nine feet, fpreading its flexile branches to a confiderable diftance on every fide: it thrives beft ina rich foil, and cool fhaded fituation, where it can be duly refrefhed with a moderate fhare of moifture ; and in fuch a foil and fituation, it generally produces fo great a quantity of fruit, that the branches can hardly fuftain the weight, tho" bending to the ground ; and you may frequently obferve the very trunk to yield to theload. The tree however is obferved to grow and thrive almoft in every foil about the mountains, and will frequently produce great quantities of fruit in the drieft fpots, tho’ in Arabia, where this plant is a native and had been firít propa- gated and brought into ufe, it is obferved to be cultivated between the hills ; and yet the drought of the place is fuch, that they are frequently obliged to refrefh the roots with water, which, as it is often wanted in that country is generally conveyed by gutters or chanels thro' every piece. E ee diem. It is a general remark in Eng/and, and indeed a certain one, that the coffee im- ported from America does not anfwer fo well as that of the growth of Arabia, nor is it owing (as fome imagine) to any foreign fume, or vapours it might have contracted in the paffage, tho’ great care fhould be always taken to prevent any acquifition of this nature ; for even there, what is commonly ufed will neither parch, or mix like the Turkey coffee ; but this has been hitherto owing to the d Uu cy sta 3 we IHB NATURAS MIS TORY of obfervation, or knowing the nature of the grain, moft people being attentive to the quantity of the produce, while the qualities are but feldom confidered. I have been many years in thofe colonies; and being always a lover of coffee, have been often obliged to put up with the produce of the country in its different ftates : This gave me room to make many obfervations upon this grain, and I dare fay they are fuch as will be conftantly found true, and (if rightly regarded) will foon put the inhabitants of our Americans Colonies, in a way of fupplying the mother country with as good coffee as we ever had from Turkey, or any other part of the world: For the eafier underftanding of this affertion, I fhall fet down the Remarks I have made, as they occur. — I. New coffee will never parch or mix well, ufe what art you will. This pro- ceeds from the natural clamminefs of the juices of the grain, which requires 2 fpace of time proportioned to its quantity to be wholly deftroyed. 2. The ímaller the grain, and the lefs pulp the berry is, the better the coffee and the fooner it will parch, mix, and acquirea flavour. 3. The drier the foil, and the warmer the fituation, the better the coffee it pro- duces will be, and the fooner it will acquire a flavour. 4. Thelarger and the more fucculent the grain, the worfe it will be, the more clammy, and the longer in acquiring a flavour. ! - §..The worft coffee produced in America will in a courfe of years, not exceed- ing ten or fourteen, be as good, parch and mix as well, and have as high a flavour as the beft we now have from Turkey, but due care fhould be taken to keep it in a dry place, and to preferve it properly. 6. Smal] grained coffee, or that which is produced in a dry foil, and warm fitua- tion, will in about three years be as good, and parch as well as that which is now commonly ufed in the coffee-houfes in London. Thefe are facts founded on repeated experiments, which I have tried from | time to time, during my refidence in Yamaica, tho’ it be very rare to fee what a man may call good coffee in the Ifland, for they generally drink it 2 Ja Su/tzz (a), and never referve more than is fufficient to fupply them from one year to another, I have examined the Turkey coffee with great care fince I came to Exgland, and conclude from the fize of the grain, the frequent abortion of one of the feeds, and the narrownefs of the fkin that contains the pulp, that the fhrub muft be greatly ftunted inits growth; and from hence judge, that whoéver endeavours to produce good coffee, and fuch as would mellow as foon as that of Arabia ; or expect feeds at may have the fame flavour, muft try what can be produced in the lower hills and mountains of the fouthern part of the Iland; nay, even try what the Savannas will bear ; and Iam perfwaded it would anfwer well in many places about the foot of the long mountain near King/fon : an acre or two may be eafily tried in any part, and the experiment will be well worth the labour ; but whoever is for having greater crops, muft keep among the mountains, where the trees grow and fhoot out more luxuriantly. Where-ever this fhrub is cultivated, it fhould be planted at diftances i coe to its growth, for ina dry gravelly, or mixed foil, it feldom .rifes above ive feet, and may be conveniently planted within that diftance of each other ; but among the mountains of Jamaica, where it frequently rifes to the height of nine or ten feet, or more, it requires a larger fcope, and in fuch a foil can be hardly planted nearer than eight or ten feet to each other; I have however frequently known them crowded in fuch places, arid yet produce a great quantity of fruit. -s The gentlemen “of "famaica imagine, that a great deal of the richnefs and fla- vour of the Turkey coffee depends upon their methods of drying it; but this is p id. prb ob mada ake is half-burnt flakes of new coffee, (for it never will a decoétion of the coverings, asit is eapi veneer aes rape eoliee-plapeesz jn, J ros ps Ex | LLL re pem mmm nain oro oos o WEM CER SLT Or¥iy A AML @ AC? A 163 an ill-grounded notion, for the berries, as well as the trees, being naturally ftunted in their growth in moft parts of Arabia, they have but little pulp, and are very eafily dried in that warm climate, where a few days fun generally compleats the work, without being at the trouble of ftriping’ them of any part of their more juicy coats before hand: but tho’ I am fatisfied the Turkey coffee receives no addition from any peculiar method of drying it; I am equally convinced that great quan- tities of that produced in the woody:parts of 'Yamaica, where the berries are large and fucculent, and the feeds lax and clammy, are greatly prejudiced by the methods ufed there ; fuch berries fhould be undoubtedly ftriped of a great part of the pulp, and the feeds carried down to the low-lands, where the heat is much greater and more. conftant, to be dried; and not left foaking in their clammy juices, to dry but flowly in a damp air, as they generally do in many parts of that Ifland ; bit this is no prejudice to the fale.of it among the northern purchafers, who generally look upon the largeft and fatteft grain as the beft, nor do they chufe it by any other marks than the plümpneís of the feeds, and a frefh colour which generally is a blueith- pale in.new oaffee, ac 0 ee | Such as have large coffee-walks, fhould be provided with a ‘convenient bar- the trouble of carrying them there, as they are lI thé tres... ...After the fruit is well dried, it muft be hufked, and the feeds cleared from all the outward coverings, to fit and prepare them for the market. "This is generally done in Jamaica by pounding the dried berries lightly in large wooden mortars, until, after a long Ei d labour, both the dried pulp and inward membrahous coverings are broke, and fall to pieces among the feeds : "Thé whole is then winnowed, cleared, expofed afrefh to the fun for fome dele and.then cafked for the market. But the Arabians, after having dried their coffee fufficiently on matts, fpread it on an even floor, and brake. off the covering by paffing a large weighty roller of fome heavy wood or tonè to and fro, upon it, and when the hufks are well broke in this manner, it is winnowed and expofed:to the fun a-new, until.it is very well dried ; for other- wife itis apt to heat on board the fhips, and then itlofesall'its Havour. ^ ^^ n . The drink prepared from the feed of this plant is now generally ufed all over - Europe, and, many, parts of Afia: and America: it is generally efteemed as an excel- pem iae i Roe of the nerves; and clay aioe for ftudious end fedentery people. . man or METER KOREA a PE ! The plants,are propagated by the feeds, and, to raifc them fuccefsfully, the whole berries fhould be fown foon after they are gathered from the trees ; for if they be kept but a fhort time out of ground, they are apt to fail : but when the plants rife about five or fix inches above the earth, if double, (as they generally are) they fhould be feparated, which is done by:drawing SRE both: parting the roots, and planting them again in feparate. beds. When the young plants are removed from a bed, or from under he paient-tree;wbere they .generally.grow in great abundance, Tu care fhould be taken not.to.break or-injure the roots, and to preferve the earth about them until they are replanted ; for if the fibres are .expofed to the air, and allowed to dry, they are very fubject to perifh, which is the reafon they have not this beautiful tree more common in the gardens: about the lower lands of Jamaica; where very. few tranf- plants of the kind thrive, being generally pulled up very bare, the layers laid-by commonly for thirty or forty hours afterwards, and then carried. a confiderable diftance in the heat of the fun: but fuch as would have 'em profper well, fhould..be careful to procure plants that are well fupplied with mould from their native beds; or to raife them immediately from the feeds), qiii- z - q 3 dic C H f * Sa x CIHIESNDAOTU BAL HIS TORY CHIOCOCCA | 1. Sarmentofa foliis myrtinets oppofitis, [picis plurimis tenu- ifimis & terminatibus & ex alis fupremis. Lonicera. Racenus lateralibus fimplicibus floribus pendulis foliis integerimis. L. Sp. Jafminim. Forte filio myrtineo, aliorum gimp Je Juflinens, &c. Slo. Cat. 169, an. Hifl. 11. p. 97, t Pittonia. Plum.& Hert, Parifienfs. Snow-berry, or David’s-root. Periantium, Minimum Jubtumidum pregnans, quingue denticulis coronatum. Corolla. Satismagna betala conico caduca limbus guingue-partitus, laciniis acuminatis ereétis brevibus. Stamina. Filamenta quinque erecto patentia fore longiora, anthere ovate. Piftillum. Germen minimum fubrotundum calice te&tum & coronatum, ftilus tenuis fimplex longitudine flam. ftigma fimplex. TSE Bacca fubrotunda, leniter mire pulpofa | nivea bilocularis, dena :źiculis calicis coronata. d Semina, Duo fubrotunda, camprejJa Joli itaria. an This genus has been hero confounded with the tee fiom hic I have now juftly feparated it: The plant defcribed here grows very common in the lower hilly lands of Jamaica, efpecially thofe between Spanifh-tcwn and Sr. Faitl/s ; it begins to branch immediately above the ‘root, rifes by many-fhoots and flender twigs, from four to feven or eight feet, fometimes more ; but when fo luxu- riant, it requires to be fupported by fome of the neighbouring fhrubs, without which it would not be able to ftand: The flower-fpikes are very flender and numerous towards the top of the branches, and fhoot from thence as well as from the ale of the upper leaves, or lefler branches; the berries are of a'fnowy colour, and loofe texture, very numerous, and of a round but fomewhat compreffed figure, each containing two compreflfed feeds. The rootof the plant Yas much the fame bitter acrid tafte with the fencka {nake- ‘root, and has been a long time ufed as a ftrong refolutive and attenuant in thofe co- lonies: I have known it adminiftered with great fuccefs in obftinate rheumatifms, and old venereal taints; nor is it intirely ufelefs even in the Spina Ventofa (common- . ly called Boneake.) I have frequently obferved very ftubborn complaints eafed, and fometimes removed by the continued ufe of this, anda few mercurial alterants ; but it is beft ufed in decoétions, which may be made either ftronger or weaker, or impregnated with other ingredients as occafion requires. ‘The fmaller the plant grows the more fharp and biteing the root is, and cor equently the better, — ^ CHIOCOCCA. 2. Scandens Jarmutis tenuiffimis €? fere indivifis, : The climbingSnow-berry. __ I T feen one plant of this kind in the woods between S7; 72ozass and Man: geneel; it grew to a confiderable height among the trees, and threw down fome of its flender twigs again to the ground : Iam apt to think ita different SA tho” the leaves are very like thofe of the former plant. -PORTLANDIA I. | Polis maji nisi catis appo tis, a ame C aa Tabi xigiied "WicT ctos. H. 408? pene k. 329. 6. The large-leaf 'd Borilatdiae: xi i i : WM — — E Ri JAM ALAA 165 Periantium, Pentaphyllum, foliolis oblongo-lanceolatis, germini incidentibus. Corolla. Monopetala tubulata ; tubus longifimus ( fix fcilicet vel feptem unciarum) fenfim amphatus, & fere infundibuli-formis, limbus quinque crenatus. Stam. Filamenta quinque valida longitudine fere floris; anther longiff De. Piftillum. Germen oblongum pentagonum, foliolis calicis coronatum, ftilus fim- plex, longitudine flam. Stigma oblongum quafi accretum. Pericarpium. Capfula oblongo-ovata, quinque firiis longitudinalibus fulcata, re- tufa, & foliolis calicis coronata ; bilocularis, bivalvis, ab apice debifcens. Semina, Plurima fubrotunda compreffa. This fhrub grows chiefly about the foot of the motintains, and thrives very luxu- riantly among the rocks: it rifes by a branched ftem, and fhoots generally to the height of eight or nine feet ; but the trunk feldom exceeds two inches and a half in diameter, and is covered with a thick furrowed bark. The leaves ate large, fmooth, and oppofite, of an oval form, dnd entire at the edges; the flowers are white, pretty open, and long; and the fruit a moderate lignous capfula, crowned with five diftin& leaves, and divided into two cells, adorned with five longitudinal ridges. This plant is called by the name of Portlandia, after the prefent dutchefs of Portland, who is a great lover of Botany, and well acquainted with the Engli/b plants. ERITHALIS 1. Fruticulfa foliis obovatis craffis nitidis oppofitis, pedunculis : ' ` ramofis ad alas fuperiores. "Tab. 17. f; 3: The fhruby Erizhalis. Periantium: Subrotundum truncatum cyathiforme minimum ger mine pregnans. Corolla. Monopetala in quinque lucinias linearis eretia-patentes ad bafem fecta. Stam. Filamenta quinque eretho-patentia Corolla dimido breviora, anthere oblonge. Piftillum. - Germen fubrotundum margine calicis coronatum, ftilus fimplex longi- tudine flam. Stigma acutum. Pericarpium. Bacca decem-locularis globofa parva Knie or uim referta. See tab. 17. f. 3a. ER ITH A LI S 2. Arborefcens foribus racémofis foliis nh € The arborefcent Erithalis. Both thefe thrubs are found about the north-eaft parts of the Ifland ; the former ‘grows among the cliffs that lie to the weft of Port- Antcnio, and feldam rifes above two or three feet. I found the other about Menge» where it grows to the height of eight or ten feet. MACROCNEMUM dahon foliis ovatis epis racemis fuflen» : tacults longis incidentibus The oval leaf’d nu». Periantium. Minimum quinguedentatum germine pregnans. Corolla. Monopetala tubulata, minor ; limbus in quinque lacinias owatds erecfos conniventes fectus. Stam: Filamenta quinque villofa longitudine, tubi floris & inferne. tubo ad- nata, fuperne libera; anthere ovate compreffe in fauce corolla lea cate. I Xx | Pit. Na Ho- THER RAT K AL IH Ms TO R Y Piftillum. Germen longum obverfe conicum denticulis calicis coronatum; ftilus ` fimplex longitudine: iubifloris, ftigma bilobum obtufiufeulum, — Pericarpium. ^ Capfula oblonga obverfe conica bilecularis, Semina. Plurima imbricatam pofita. This fmall. tree is fometimes found about Mangenul ; it. rifes generally to the height of twelve or fourteen feet, and fcems. by the fruit to approach pretty near the Campanula, but the difpofition and make of. the filaments are very different. CAMPANULA I. Arborsfoens foliis ovato-acuminatis verticillatem terna- | tis, f'ipulis. acuminatis interpofitis ; capfulis quinque locularibus. An, Nerio affinis, Gc. Slo. H. t. 183. CAMPANULA 2. Miñor Srutefcens, folis ovatis oppofi tis Toul a acutis inter pofi tis, capfults quinque locularibus. Tab. 14.fig. 1 -The fhruby American Campanul* s. um im hiheti me af Ete plants, and the different difpofitions of their leaves, oad to ime tlie whole difference between the two fpecies ; the firft grows generally to the height of nine or ten feét, the latter feldom exceeds four: the flowers are pr and the leavés intire in both, | BUTNERIA 1. Arborea th majoribus oblongo-ovatis ebpofi tis, foribus fi ithe gula An, Ebenus Arbor Indie Orientalis Cr. . Thez. Zey. PET The Bull-Apple-tree. - Periantium, Campanulatum quinque dentatum minus, dentibus acutis reflecten= tibus. Corolla. Monipetala tubulata ‘major fauce leniter ampliat, limbus zz. 2uizque dacinias lanceolatas fectus. Stamina, ‘Pilamenta quinque brevifima, anthere longee adnate per longitudinem tubi © faucis floris porreciee, - - Piftillun. Germen fubrotundum calite velum e? laciniis coronatum, ‘ftilus fimplex longitudine tubi floris ; ftigma obtufum. dete qn Pomum magnum globofum coronatum, malo vn fi millimum, uniloculare, lined longitudinali intere bifariàm fulcatum, pul- pa ae Semina. Plurima ni si 312219 This tfee gtóws very Common ‘in ‘the iparifh of ‘St. Sfapies's ; and: rifes) genétally to the “height of rts. or fixteen feet ; the leaves are large, oval, ‘and: cum "and'the fruit Very like a pomegranate both in fize and form. ii MIRABILIS 1. Fols ovatis Jem pulchre reticulatis, Pado go "Mirabilis ‘L. Sp. Pl. & H.C. Jalappa Parvo fore, &c. "Inf. & Th. Y Admirabilis Peruviana, &c. Slo. Cat. Bs Mirabilis Perav Hf. 268. Jalap, or the Four o" Clock Flower. This plant is very common in the land of Yamaica, and rifes generally by a branched {talk to the height of about two-feet and a half: the leaves are oval and -pointed, and difpofed: prett y thick along the branches ; the flowers grow fingle, they are of a moderate fize, and like thofe of the tulip, change their colours with the foil, and ——ÉÁ OTE: J AAM å TAQI A 167 and methods of culture; they «are. fometimes wholly yellow, often red, but commonly mixed, and change their íhades to a great. variety ; thefe are followed by fo many roundiíh feeds that ftand upon the expanded cups. The root fliced and preferved. opens the body; it has been fometimes dried and powdered, and then adminiftered for Jalap; it purges moderately, but requires too large a dofe, to be adminiftered i in fo. difagrecable a form, and feldom anfwers to our wifhes even in that quantity. It is cultivated i in Xamaica chiefly forthe beauty of its flowers, which are eget: obferved to Sg ‘with the cool, and from thence called Four o dino Flowers, oN ICOTIANA, 15 PATH amplis clinici foribus vna is; . Nicotiana... Foliis ovatis...) 14,H. ML vi p, Honung Pif. ado. | aqu fines iba aci awit zi qf: This plant was Kien. re eene. here by the Seek But. it is ftill cultivated by the negroes and, poorer. fort of. white» people in many. parts of the Tfland: it has fome narcotic qualities, but it.is chiefly ufed among us asa fternu- tatory. The lighter decoction of the leaves, &c, are both purgative and emetic, as well as the juice ; but. when it continues for a confiderable time upon the fire, the more Acrid particles evaporate, and it becomes a. ftrong refolutive and fudorific, and ‘has “been bs je a cler ved to anfwet- Beyond e clan in old catarrhes, and thus. THE Parkies we a ibe injected" by the way Of glifter in the. Co- dica PiGtonutii and Miferere, ‘and have ‘been often found to provoke a difcharge ‘downward when no other medicines: would anfwer. "The leaves. pounded are’ fre- quently applied to foul or neglected forés in America, and obferved to anfwer better than any ointments in moft of thofe that lie inthe depending parts. Both the infufion and j juice of the plant is ufed indifcriminately, to, wath and cleanfe the fores of cattle, for it has been long obferved to-preferve them free from maggots, and to deftroy moft forts of vermin, DATURA 1. Polis EDS DATUSR ET ereéto pe Datura Pericarpiis fpinofis erectis ovatis; L.H..C)& S Stramonium : Zey: 'Thez. Zey. & Rumatt 12; &.H. ^ p 2. f. 28. Stramonia Altera major Jive Tatura, Se. Slo. Cat. 59 & Hift. p. 159. -The "Thorn-apple: ‘or ` Burn-weed. This plant is very common in moft of the low-lands of Jamaica, and indeed all over America, where it generally rifes.to the, height of three feet, or better. Allthe parts of this plant are remarkably narcotic, tho’ feldom adminiftered inwardly on account -of :thoíe dreadful perturbations of the; mind that generally attend ,the taking of it: -thej juice . however and feeds ate. frequently ufed ;with great fugcefs in external appli- ssatina in thofe parts of the world; they are co ; made.into ointments, and -applied in fealds and other painful fores, E ess give. Very evident marks of thofe ,narcotic qualities with. which, they are, plentifully endowed: The bes ‘have been _fometimes given internally to half a fcruple.. .. COLLOCOCCU " 1. Foliis rugp — digi re last race- mops... -— Affinis Arbor p^ ifera, | Be. “Slo. oor n. & H E 203. Cerala; Americana Filiis rugo]a, rutin vifcido. .Pk. Phy. t. 1 sts AA "Malpigia Ramis divaricatis. Miller. The dammy Cherry, or Turkey-berry- -tree. Periantium. Parvum monophyllum campanulatum perfiftens ore tri vel quinque crenato. Corolla. Monopetala in quinque lacinias cvatas, & aa duplo longiores ad y^ | 5 Jere fecta. 168 THE NA'TURAJAXL LISTO R Y Stamina. Filamenta quinque hirfuta infiffuris foris oppofta & inferne tubs Corolle adnata, antherz cordato-lamellate. Piftillum. Germen ovatum, ftilus imferne fimplex erectus; ad apicem divifus in quatuor lacinias divaricantes; Stigmata oblonga 1rregularia. Pericarpium. Bacca fubrotunda oblique © lateraliter ducta, fucco: vifcofo tiiri gida, unilocularis, monofpermis. An aliter in germine ? ` Semin, Nucleus bilobus nauco offeo rugofo praeditus, EUR - This tree grows frequently in the lower lands of Jamaica, and. in moft of the other Iflands ; but it feldom rifes above 14 or 16 feet, and fpreads pretty much at the top. The leaves are oval, rugged, obliquely veined; and difpofed alternately ; the berries are red, fucculent, of the fize of out fmalleft European cherries, and dif- pofed in umbellated groups. ‘The turkeys and other poultry feed much upon the fruit of this tree ; the pulp is fweetifh, and of a clammy confiftence, COLLOCOCCUS 2: Platyphylius major, racemis umbellatis. 2 | 7 CPtonus Racemofa foliis oblongis birfutis maximis, &c. Slo. Cats 184, & 3 DES FIO A B28. 04, HREN t omok esni The Broad-leaf 'd Cherry-tree. This tree grows chiefly in the lower woods, and rifes to a confiderable height, but is feldom found above twelve. or: fixteen | inches in. diameter, and fhoots generally by a ftraight trunk. The leaves are very large and rough, and the berries white, and much of the fize of thofe of the foregoing: the heart of the tree is of a yellowith colour, and a pretty good timber wood, : * EHRE TIA 1. Arborea, foliis -oblongo-ovatis alternis, racemis terminalibus. NM TAD A Qe tet | Cerafo affinis Arbor baccifera racemofa, €. Slo. Cat. 169. & H. t. 203. The Baftard Cherry-trec. | Periantium. Monophyllum parvum quinque crenatum perfiftens. Corolla. _Monopetala campanulata ad | medietatem in. quinque lacinias. reffexas evato-acuminatas fecta. | Stamina. Filamenta quinque longitudine floris, recedentia ; anthere Jubrotunde. Piftillum. Germen fubrotundum ; ftilus leniter bifidus, longitudine flaminum ; ftig- e mata obtufufcula. —— T = Pericarpium. Bacca fucculenta bilecularis, binis nucleolis bilocularibus © bi- ` permibus binc convexis inde planis, referta. | This tree is pretty common in the lower lands of Yamaica, and rifes generally to the height of fixteen or twenty feet : the berries are fall, and feldom exceed the largeft of our European currants in fize ; they ferve to feed our poultry, and are fometimes eat by the poorer fort of people. "This tree has been called Ehretia, after the ingenious G, D. Ehret, who has already obliged the world with many botanical difcoveries of his own, befides a great number of beautiful and accurate diffections of plants, which he has done for other people. - BOURRERIA 1. Arborea foliis ovatis alternis, racemis rarioribus ter- |. minalibus. "Tab. 15, fig. 2. Jafminum Periclimeni folio fore albo, &9c. Slo. Cat. 169, & H, t. 204. The Bourreria with oval Leaves. P Pe- oO) Fit] A AMLA 5140. A: 169 Periantium. Monophyllum in quinque partes lanceolatas ad medietatem fere. divi- _ Jum, incifuris € laciniis aliquando. inequalibus. Corolla. Monopetala tubulata ; tubus Cylindraceus calice duplo longior, limbus in quinque lacinias equales oblongas obtufas patentes fectus. ao Stamina... Filamenta quinque, inferne tubo corolle adnata, erecta S tubo floris lon- 3 giora ; antheræ fagittate. — 1 Piftillum, .. Germen ovato-quadrigonum, Kilus longitudine flaminum ad apicem bi- dus ; ftigmata craffiufcula. Pericarpium. Bacca fucculenta, quatuor: nucleis bilocularibus, quadantes [phere s.m c>: mentientibus referta. Semina. Nuclei biloculares bifbermes,, externe fulcis membranaceis five lamel- dofis parallelis oblique difpofitis ornati, lateribus glabris. , : This tree grows in the Savannas, and feldom rifes. above fourteen or fifteen fect from the ground ; its leaves are generally of an inverted oval form, and its berries of aíafiron colour. :- I háve:called it after Mr. Bourer, an apothecary of Nuremberg, who was.a great promoter of.naturalhiftory. = <> 7 on TOURNEFORTIA 1. Scandens foliis birtis rugofis ovatis fpicis ramofis. Tournefortia. | Folzis ovato-lanceolatis [picis ramofis pendulis. L. Sp. Pl. Heliotropit: Flore. frútex: baccifer; folio rugofo fetido maximo fubrotundo .. Dirfuto, fructu albo, Slo. Cat, 173. & H. t. 212. | | « >The; larger Seandent Zowrzefortia. — This plant raifes itfelf generally by the help of the neighbouring trees, and fhoots fometimes to a confiderable height in the woods ; every plant of the whole. genus feems to -havea great analogy >with- the" /urz/o/e, for they generally bear their flowers, and throw out their {pikes in the fame manner. — P/umier has always con- founded the fpecies of the Chionodus; (which we have already defcribed) with thefe plants ; and this confufion has impofed on Linnaeus, who defcribes this genus with two feeds and a covered berry, but continues the fpecies like the other; they are however very diítinct, for in this the flower is perfectly the fame as that of the Heliotrope, the fpikes and. difpofition nearly the fame, but the fruit is a pulpy berry, containing four feparate feeds, and is always lodged upon the calex. : TOURNEFORTIA 2. Frutefcens humilis, foliis maximis oblongo ovatis ru- cou ceo ees o eve i ` gafíry picis pendulis rarioribus, ramulis craffis is PR he I8 bi ae PI d AA E us Se RIS Ga oor x ey DRO 035 A comu Be — ournefortia Foliis ovatis integerimis nudis, [picis cymofis. L. Sp. PI. Heliotropii Flore frutex folio maximo, &c. Slo. Cat. 173, & H. t. 212. The large leaf 'd Shruby Tournefortia. - "This plant is fometimes obferved in the woods, and may be reckoned rather a plant of a few years ftanding than a fhrub ; it'rifes generally from five to feven, or eight feet in height, and is remarkable for the thicknefs of its upper branches, and the length of its pendulous flower-fpikes: the leaves are very large, fometimes a foot or more in length. : TOURNEFORTIA 3. Reclinata dififa, & birfut, foliis ovatis, ramulis ret validis. | i The Bafket-Withe. | «xy a Thi 3 ^ wo THE N'A'T U NAL. HIS RORY This plant is pretty much like the firft fpecies, grows vety tá&urands; and ftretches fometimes many feet from the main root: it is generally ufed for dung- bafkets about the country. TOURNEFORTIA. 4. Pratica fiandens ; baccis niveis maculis nigris notatis. il Tournefortia Foliis ovatis acuminatis, peteolis reflexis: caule volubili. L. ] a p. Pl. | | Pittonia Scandens bois de Chaplet Gallis diéta Dom. de Fuffieu. Brionia Nigra fruticofa, &c. Slo, Cat. 106, & H. t. 145. 2. The climbing Tournefortia with fpotted Berries and flender Branches. This plant is very common about King/fon ; it. is a weakly climbing fhrub with very flender flexile branches, and rifes generally to the height of feven or eight feet, or better; itis very remarkable for the black fpots upon its berries, but they vary with the: number of the feeds, which are. fometimes one, fometimes two or: more 5 tho’ conftantly four in the germen and more perfect fpecimens. TOURNEFORTIA 5. Subfruticofa, foliis fubincanis saludar fronde -A Thymelie | Facie frutex marinus, Gc. Slo. Cat. H. t. 1625. f. 4. The Afh-coloured Beatie X Snpra: This plant is found by the fea-fide, near the burough in Sz. "fames's ; it is of a fhruby make, and feldom rifes above three or four feet from the ground.) GERASCANTHUS .1, Foliis. ovato-ohlongis, > utrinque- produis, rand terminalibus. ‘Tab, ao ke 4: Cordia Foliis ovatis integerimis. L.-Sp. An, Nerio affinis Arbor verficoloræ materies, Sc: Slo. Cat, 1 5 5 & H, t Cordiæ & Sebaftina botanicorum fpecies, — Spanith Elm, or E aud. Periantium. Cylindraceum oblongum: Priatum fri quadri vel quinque crenatum perfifiens. Corolla. Monopetala infundibuli iy sc perfifens, tubus cylindraceus calice longior fauce limiter ampliatá ; limbus major patens S im in quingue lacinias oblongas retufas, ad facem. fere fetus, Stamina. Filamenta quinque tubo corolle inferne adnata, in fauce libera erecta; anthere oblonge. Piftllum. Germen ovatum intra tubum floris fitum; ftilus erecfus ftaminibus brevior bipartitus, acinis remotis. bifidis 5. ftigmata oblonga erecta adnata. Pericarpium. Drupa oblongo-cvata intra oes immutatum & tubum corolla dsfientum repofita, & floreque marcido perfftenti coronata; nux fenuis Re quadrilocularis, diffepimentis duobus gu que. omnibus interruptis. Semina. Oblongo-cvata folitaria, quorum tria pleramque abot tiunt, This tree grows in many parts of Jamaica, and is generally efteemed as one, of the beft timber woods in the Ifland ; it rifes to: a confiderable height, but feldom exceeds twenty or thirty inches in diameter, efpecially in the low lands, where it is moft common : it is pretty much branched towards the top, and furnifhed with ob- long nervous leaves ; the flowers are very white, and grow in great. numbers at the ex^ — O Ire! Pi A! MUAU E C'A 171 extremities of the branches; but as the Germen grows larger, they fade and turn of a dark or dirty brown colour, and continue upon the tree until the whole fruit, which feldom grows to a perfect ftate, falls off. The difpofition of the cup and {tile fhew this to be very nearly allied to the clammy cherry and Cordia; but as we'are now acquainted with two diftinct fpecies of this laft fort, that have each fix Stamina conftantly, and as I have never been able to obferve above one lodge and embrio in the Germen’s of the Collococcus, I have feparated them, according to rules of the fyftem I now follow. The wood of this tree is of a dark brown colour, and gently ftriped ; it is tough and.elaític, of a fine grain, and eafily worked, CHRYSOPHYLLUM r. Fructu majori globofo, folis fubtus ferugineis. , Tab. t4. f: 2. Chryfophyllum L. Gen. Sp. P. & Ħ. CI. Anona, Foliis fubtus ferugineis fruétu rotundo, & Slo. Cat. 206. H. t. 219. Anona. Fructu rubicundo, €&c. Muf. & Thez, Zey. The Star Apple-tree. Pericarpium. . Pentapbyllum foliolis minoribus cocbleatis ovatis. . Corolla. Monopetala campanulata in quinque. lacinias watas erecfo-patentes. ad T medietatem fecta. Stamina. Filamenta quinque breviffima ab imá laciniarum corolle fupra faucem Gu orta ; anthere cordate conniventes. Piftillum. Germen fubrotundum decemloculare, tilus nullus vel breviffimus, ftigma obtufiufculum radiatum. , Pericarpium. — Bacca globofa fucculenta decemlocularis. Semina.. -Ovata:comprefa nitentia, ad'alteram marginem. rugofa © cicatrieuld quaft obducta. CHRYSOPHYLLUM 2. Fructu minori glabro, foliis fubtus ferugtueis, "The Damfon Plumb. The laft of thefe plants is found wild in many parts of Jamaica, but fcldom grows to any confiderable fize : the other is cultivated all over the country, and thrives with very little care; it rifes commonly toa confiderable fize, and fpreads much in its growth, but its branches, like thofe of the other fort, are very flender and flexile, and hang down whenever they are charged with fruit. This, like the Achras (to whorn both the fruit, feeds, and other particulars, feem to thew it very nearly allied) is full of milk, and the fruit retains it even in the moft perfect {tate ; but tho’ this juice be rough and aftringent in the bark, and other parts of the tree, and even in the fruit before it ripens; yet when it grows to full perfection, it becomes fweet and gelatinous with an agreeable clamminefs, and is ve much efteemed. . The juice of this fruit (a little before it is perfe&ly ripe) being mixed with a {mall quantity of orange juice, (or eating both fruit at atime,) binds the body more than any thing I have ever known, and doubtlefs would make a very powerful remedy on many occafions ; but I doubt if the a&ion of the fire would not take off a great deal of the native roughnefs of the juice, in cafe it had been in- f{piffated by that means, , ~ | '"-[ doubt if this ought to be feparated from the Achras on any account, tho’ the characters of the flower differ in. many refpects ; the Germen has ten diftinét lodges, but moft of the feeds abort, and when the fruit is ripe, it feldom contains above four or five. | VAR- X: > wa THE,NATURAL. HISTORY VARRONIA (a) 1. Fruticofa foliis rugofis ovatis fubbirfutis ferratis alternis, capitulis fubrotundis, "Tab. 13. f. 2. Lantana Foliis alternis floribus corimbofis. L. Sp. Pl. : Periclimenum, Recum, Sc. foliis alternatum fitis, Slo, Cat. 164. & H, tolden Los dd The round fpiked Varronia. ` Receptaculum. ‘Commune fimplex in caput flinétum see flores fepiles. Periantium. Monophyllum campanulatum perfiftens; limbus zu quinque lacinias tenuiffimas, longas reflexas vel intortas divifus. Corolla. Monopetala tubulató-campanulata, limbus quinquecrenatus fimbriatus. Stamina., Filamenta quinque inferne tubo corolle ad medietatem adnata Corollé breviora, anthere Jagittatæ. Piftillum. Germen: ovatum liberum in fundo! calicis fitum, ftilus fimplex longi- | tudine fere fam; ftigmata quatuor oblonga ereéto-patentia ab apice fiili affergentia, = = 7 Pericarpium., Bacca ovata fucculenta bilocularis calice fuffulta, . Semina. Nucleolt fuübrotundi folttarit biloculares, bifpermes. ~ VARRONIA . 2. Afurgens farmentofa, foliis & capitulis oblongis. - = ` An, Lantana Folits alternis [picis oblongis. L. Sp. Pl. Sed non fafoia bar- badienfibus, €&c. Pk. t. 221. f. 3. | 'The Varronia with oblong Spikes. Both thefe plants are common ‘in the lower and woody lands of Yamaica ; they are both fhruby, but the former feldom rifes above three or four feet in height, and is furnifhed with a number of flender, crooked, and intermixed branches: the other is much of the fame make towards the top, but is generally found climbing or leaning on the neighbouring fhrubs, by whofe help it rifes frequently to the height of many feet above the root. The flowers and texture of the leaves are very like in both, | | | S A: RHAMNUS. 1. 4Arborefcens minor foliis ovatis venofis, pedunculis umbel- lulatis, alaribus fruétibus fphericis, Tab. 29. f2.: The {hruby Rhamnus, with bilocular Berries. . : RHAMNUS 2, 4rboreus foliis ovatis venofis, capfulis fphericis inferne ad | SO ack oe medietatem caliptratis, pedunculis umbellulatis alari- - «bus, “cortice glabro. | ij LE. ‘The larger Rhamnus with a fmooth: Bark. duca RHAMNUS. 3. Polis ovatis glabris frulilus bilocularibus fubcaliptratis, od Jas 12.4, 15 Sx. m RHAMNUS 4. Sarmentofus foliis ovatis venofis, capfulis trigonis racemofis. E Radix fruticofa lutea, Se. Slo, Cat, 214, & H, 11, 1857 The Chaw-ftick. (a) Ab antiquo illo authore qui de re ruftica fcriplit, nomen defumitur, —— —————————————— a o a a JO PIS AM DA Ai 173, All thefe fpecies of the Ramus are foundin Jamaica; the two firft forts grow generally among the other fhrubs in the low lands, bot the third is a climber, and generally found in the drier hills. The bark of all thefe plants is of a pleafant bitter tafte, and raifes a great fermentation, in the /a/iva, or. any rich liquor it may be agitated with, The third fort is frequently ufed to ferment, and give a flavour to: thofé Ymall diluting liquors called: cool drinks; but is generally kept: to rub and clean the teeth, which: it really whitens and preferves far better than any thing I have yet known; for it ferves both asa brah and cleaning powder upon thefe occafions, RHAMNUS:? 4n Ziziphus. Arborefcens foliis oblongo-òvatis birfutis $^ leniter ferratis, floribus minimis, racemis alaribus. Tab. 12. f, 2. Periantium Nullum. Corolla Monopetala, in quinque. Jeginias ablongas carinatas erecto-comniventes ad bafim — Stamina. ` PE e cupri, om Vine lacinias corolle recondita; anthera oblongo-ovata. Piftill. Germen ovatum, ftilus equalis fimplex brevis, igma fimplex. Pericarpium. Bacca pulpofa fubrotunda nucleo unico facta, nauco proprio tecto; ‘This fbrobby tree grows at the foot of the hill, near Do&or Gregory’s at Plan- tain garden river. It-feldom rifes above ten or twelve feet, and throws out a great. number 2: loofe branches, .CE STRUM. Je retium, fii png vod foribus fa fciculatis peas. alar ibu Ceflrum Floribus ranti, L. H. C: & Sp. PI. 'Tafmiinum: Laurinis foliis. fore palide luteo. &c. Slo. Cat. 169. & H, t: 204. Blue Poifon. Berries. "his TANE IS véry "comhiorm in the lower lands, and feldom rifes above feven or eight feet from the ground; the leaves are fmooth and oval, and the flowers difpofed in large groops at the ale of the-leaves; they are fucceeded by fo many berries of the fize of our European black currants, and full of a blue pulp, but the colour is eafily changed by..every acid... The nigh nightingales 4 are faid to feed upon the berries f ns fhrub, which are reckoned very po ous. xdi — POO: Sis SOLANUM- ~is Hirfutum & fpiuofum, reus maximo, calice. majori y Solanum Caule aculeato fruticofo foliis, ea calicibus aculéatis, L, Sp. Pl. Solanum... Pamiferum Sco. Pk. t. 226. f. 3. & Slo. Cat. 108. , Melongena Fructu oblongo, Sc. F dier. & I5 Zid, Nila-Baridendy,H. M. p. 10. t. 74. . torio, cds? ; The Brown- Jae Or y 2c ; This plant lives íome years, d feldom rifes above three or four feet Í in height ; ; it was. ied into amaica by the heb and is now culüvated there b many, people... It generally bears a number [s berries, which : fhoot arid: ripen very ‘gradually ; thefe fliced, pickled | for a "hóáts^ and ‘boiled tod ‘ten- dernefs; are ufed inílead of, dn d? and our ferved up in plates pong: the p: serus ws > SOLANUM 2. "Fillon & fimum; 15 majori Format s 3 b . Solanum Gauüle:aeuleato»berbuceo, foliis cordatis: gingir d x s aculea- 7$. JL. Vir. Chif; 8c Sp. Pho sth dud E art Mio "oft a3 Love | t> 174 THE NAT URAB HIS DOR Y Love Apple, and Cock-roch Apple. This plant is a native of Jamaica, and makes a beautiful appearance when ad- orned with its large yellow berries: it grows in tufts, and bears its fruits on fingle footftalks.. The fimell of the apples is faid to kill the Corkis, SOLANUM 3. Affurgens villofum & leniter fpinofum, foliis fuperioribusovato- angulatis geminatis, fructibus fafciculatis&$ quafi umbellulatis minoribus, fa afciculis par fis: An Solanum Caule inermi fruticofo, foliis geminis altero minore, floribus ci mofis. l. Solanum. Bacciferum caule & foliis toimento - ducanis, Gc. - Slo, Cat. 107. H. t. 144. An Juripeba 2. Pif. 181. Turky Berries. -~ SOLANUM 4. Afurgens tricbotomum,. foliis ovatis, "fructibus: minoribus | QE racemofis, racemis MARE: The larger Turky Bernd Both thefe fpecies are very common in the low lands of Yamaica, and fo like each other, that they have been commonly tàkén for the fame plant: both forts: grow much to the fame height and thicknefs, and feldom rife above {even feet from the ground, They bear pretty thick, and the berries, which generally are about the fize of our European cherries, ferve to feed the Tuikies, from whence they have received the prelent appellation. SOLANUM 5. Ereétum, juife tereti pmo TE filiis oblongis adi bafim inequaliter porrectis, — Solanum Spiniferum frutefcens. Pk. t. 225. "v Solanum. Fruticofum baceiferum fpinofum, Ge, Slo. Cat. 108. & H, t. 11. The Canker Berry. This plant feldom rifes above three feet from the root; but both the ftem and branches are every where full of fharp thorns, The berries are — and thought to be very ferviceable in fore throats. SOLANUM 6. Humilius diffu fum; Solis augti ramulis feni. umbel- ulis florum fparfis. Solanum Caule inermi berbaceo, I ovatis dentato-angulatis, umbellis nutantibus, L. Sp. P An Solanum Somniferum off. Thez. Zi. & Aquara-guia, Pif. 224. The branched Caleloe. This plant is very common in the low lands of Jamaica, and grows frequently i in the grafs pieces ; but it feldom rifes more than two or three feet from the root. ` It is remarkable that this plant, which is equally common in Europe, and of a virofe heavy ímell and very narcotic quality in thefe cold climates, is void of both in amaica, where it is daily ufed a food, and found by long experience to be both a pleafant and wholefome green. The negroes at the ferry make ufe of it every day almoft in the year, The length of the common foot ftalks, and the length and fmoothnefs of the branches is the only difference between the two plants, if they be not wholly the fame; but the European feems to grow more twiggy and luxu- riant. 2 SOLA- SOLANUM 7. Scandens, foliis ovatis utrinque acuminatis, fafciculis florum Jabumbellulatis fparfis. . ; Piftillum, "Germen ovatum; flus Janine faminibus brevior, digma ul, Booi l tufum. > ea viBesitarpidien. i Copa membranacéa fubrotunda dri loculo ren Jalia calls tech Semen Unicum HOM. Pel». ACHIRANTHES 2. . Foliis: ovatis, foribus Jpicatis, appendicitus bi ts The {maller Achiranthe Suaia denpi ae sboow- = Si Both thefe ae are very common “about the Crefeence 5 they have much. the ance of:a Blitum, and feldom rife eed two edens or two feet and a half yh the ground. ^ RAUVOLFIA r. ga 5 his ver ticillatis hmi ine vill; ofis - Rauvolfia. L.G.H.C p. PE T he (hrubby Rauvolfia, with w leaves ibid ina verticillated order. This little {hrub is very common in the Savannas about the town of ing /ton, and feldom rifes above. three or four feet, from the ground; the berries are {mall, black; and facculent, i nd the leaves ‘very beauti ‘covered with a um which: is hardl erc tible to the nake Mis "The pee hrab ~ fu l of milk, and, more or. Mu a deleterioi | fiatore. Ht: $t re eboow— Traded NERIUM? 1. Sarmentofum, iliis ding acutis s pof itis fubtas cinereis, tubo Joris fauce ampli ato | The marfhy Nerium This Eeh Tiles by a weakly ski to the height of four or five feet, and throws . out a few long, flender and flexile branes that ftretch toa conliderable diftance from the main ten, NERIUM 2: Sa dis ae a ig This pow ME ERIT a aN QF it) Aye à 4A x 185 This plant, like the former, has a weakly ftem, whereby it commonly rifes to the height of two, three, or four feet above the root; and then throws out a good many long and flender branches, that fpread and climb among the neighbouring fhrubs. All the parts of this plant are extremely poifonous. NERIUM 3. Foliis lanceolatis verticilliter ternatis, flore quandoque pleno, Menom., .. H. M. P.o. tula Frangi-panier a fleur double rouge. Barreri. The South-Jea Rofe. This fhrub is cultivated in moft gardens in Yamaica on account of its full and frequent flowers; it rifes by a foft lignous ftalk, and fhoots commonly to the height of fix or eight feet, throwing out many flender and flexile branches on all fides. It is a very agreeable flowering fhrub in a garden, and generally bears large com- pofite flowers; but 1 have fometimes found them fimple and fertile, with all the characters of the clafs. © | NERIUM 4. Sarmentofum fcandens, ramulis tenuibus folliculis gracilibus torofis. Tab. 16. f.2. The flender-branched ZVerzw. This curious plant is frequent about the foot of the mountains in Liguanca; I met with it in the road thro’ Mr, E//ezfon's, tgs a weakly plant, which commonly fuftains itfelf by the help of the neighbouring bufhes, and frequently rifes to a conf- derable height among them. The branches and follicules are extremely flender and delicate. PLUMERIA 1. Arborefcens foliis lanceolatis, floribus fauce ampliatis Jub- campanulatis. The narrow-leafed Plumeria. This plant grows commonly from four to feven or eight feet in height, and is always full of flender flexile branches ; the flowers are yellow, and moderately open below the margin: it grows near Port Moria, in St. Mary's, and near Morant- Bay, in Sz. Thomas’s in the Eaft, _ : J PLUMERIA z. Arborefeens ramulis craffs, Jolis oblongo-ovatis, petiolis biglandulis, floribus geminatis per [picas terminales. Plumeria foliis ovato-oblongis. L. H. C. & Sp. PI. Plumeria fore rofeo odoratiffimo, Inf. & Ehret, t. xi. Plumeria Cate/b. ii. t. 92. & Pk. t. 207. f. 2. | The Jafmin Tree. | This fhrub rifes by a robuft divided trunk, to the height of feven or eight feet, or better. It is planted in the gardens on account of the beauty and {mell of its flowers: the branches are pretty thick, and the leaves veined and oval. It always bloffoms before it throws out its leaves, ' ; cidentibus. The white-flowered Jafmin Tree. . This tree is very like the foregoing both in fize and difpofition; but the leaves are narrower, and ferrated ; and the flowers without ímell, and difpofed in a dif- | Bbb ferent | PLUMERIA 3. Arborefcens racemis terminalibus pedunculis longis nudis in- 182 THE NATURAL HISTORY ferent manner. It grows in the lower mountains of Liguanea, and in the hills be- yond Mrs. Guy's, in the road between Sixtcen-mile-walk and St. Mary's, ECHITES 1. Scandens foliis ovatis nitidis venofis; floribus berbaceis. Apocynum /candens majus, &c. Slo. Cat. 89. & H. t. 131. f. 2. An, Katu-pal-valli. H. M. p. 9. t. 11. The Savanna Flower, with a fimple narrow flower-tube. Periantium © Pentapbyllum parvum, foliolis anguftis ereéto-patentibus. Corolla. Monopetala tubulata; tubus longus anguftus ad medietatem leniter tumidus, quinque. firiis notatus ; limbus. patens in quinque laci- nias oblongas contra motum folis reflexas fectus, Stamina. Filamenta quinque brevia, tubo corolle adnata; anthere Jagit- tate longiores, in centro tubi floris conum formantes. Necarium? G/andulæe quinque minores circa germen difpofite. Pitülum. Germen ovatum obfcure bifidum; ftylus fimplex longitudine fami- num; Stigma craffufculum oblongum, obtufum molle antberis | aggiuttnatum. ; Pericarpium. Folliculi duo oblong: horifontaliter reflexi angufli univalves, Semina Numerofa imbricata pappo-longiori coronata. Receptaculum. Faftiola membranacea per longitudinem folliculi porrecta. ` This plant is common in the Savannas about King fon, and climbs on every bufh it grows by : its flowers are of apale yellow colour, with a pretty long and flender tube; and the leaves of an oval form, large and oppofite: itis (like the reft of the clas) more or lefs of a deleterious nature. ‘There is a fmall variation of this plant, with pointed leaves and very flender ftalks: it grows in the drier parts of the Savanzas, CAMERARIA I. Arborea foliis ovato-acuminatis nitidis rigidis reflec- | een tentibus, folliculisalitis; ^oc 90s | An, Cameraria Foliis fabrotundis utrinque acutis. L, H. C &. Sp. PI. The Baftard Mangeneel, This tree is frequent in Wefmoreland and St. James's ; it. grows commonly to the height of 29 feet or more, and is faid to be a good timber-wood, but is full of an acrid milky juice: the leaves are fomewhat like thofe of myrtle, the flowers {mall and tubular, like thofe of the greateft part of this clafs; and the follicules or - pods fwelling at the bafe, and ending each in a large membranous wing. TABERNE MONTANA 1. Fratefcens foliis fubnitidis ovatis veno/ts ‘Tabernemontana, foliis oppofitis ovatis. L. Sp. PL ^ — Tabernemontana Citri folie undulato. Plum. , Curutu Pala, H, M. p. 3. t. 46, The large leafed Tabernemontana. | This fhrub is common in the low lands, to the eaft of Hunts- bay ; it feldom rifes above five feet from the root, and is every where fupplied with large oblong leaves, not unlike thofe of a cifron-free, either in fize or form. ÉL S.E-C T-1.O. NA. Of Juch as have five Filaments or Stamina, and two Styles in every . SORS Giay Power. > A SCLEPIAS m Frutefcens "incana, foliis- majoribus: fubrotundis, petiolis breviffimis, floribus umbellatis, Afclepias QUE! MH] AA SUA A C X 183 Afclepias foliis amplexantibus oblongo-ovatis. L. Flo. Zey. & Sp. Pl. Apofinum Indicum maximum, &c. Ehez, Zey Ericum. H. M. p.2. & Pk, t. 175. £.3. The Auriculas or French Jaimin, This fhrub is now common in all the Savannas about King flon and Old-harbour ; the trunk is pretty much divided above the. root, and the branches furnithed with large roundifh leaves, which feem to embrace them at their infertions. The bark of this plant is whitifh and fpongy, and the leaves befet with a whitith down; the flowers are difpofed in umbellated groups at the extremities of the branches, and fucceeded by fo many large oval follicules, ASCLEPIAS 2. Ereéta foliis anguflis acuminatis verticilliter ternatis, fio- ribus umbellatis terminatricibus. Apocynum ereZur folio oblongo, &c. Slo. Cat. 89. & H. t. 129. Wild or Baftard Ipecacuanba. This plant is very common in all our fugar-colonies; it grows upright, and fel- dom rifes more than two or three feet above the root: the flowers are of a fine faf- fron colour in the low lands, but in the cooler inland paftures they change to.a white. The juice of the plant, made into a fyrup with fugar, has been obferved to kil! and bring away worms wonderfully, even when moft other vermifuges have failed; itis given to children from a tea to a common fpoonful. The juice, and pounded plant, is applied to ftop the blood in frefh wounds, and is faid to bea very powerful aftringent in fuch cafes. ‘The root dried and re- duced to powder, is frequently ufed by the poorer fort of people as a vomit. ASCLEPIAS 35. Funiculacea letà feandens, foliis rarioribus cordato-lanceo- latis, floribus umbellatis, | _ Apocynum /ruticofum fcandens, &c. Slo. Cat. 89. & H. t. 131. This plant rifes by very (lender weakly ftalks, and frequently fpreads itfelf to the diftance of {fome yards from the main root: the plant is furnithed with very few leaves, but it has a good many flowers difpofed in large umbellated groops: the ftalks are flender, and the whole plant of a dark green colour; it is very fullof milk, and common in the larger inland woods. — . bili ona Si ASCLEPIAS 4. Scandens villofa major, foliis & capfulis majoribus ovatis, An, Michuacanna.. Hernandes; 164? - ^ 'Fhe climbing 4/ckepias, with large pods, I found this plant at Mr. Farre//'s, in Portland, and near Mr. Beckford's, in St. Thomas in the Eaft; it is a climber, and generally fupported by the help of the neighbouring buíhes, or found creeping among the rocks: the follicules, or pods, are {mooth and oval, and feldom under two inches in the traníverfe diameter. It has all the appearance. of the Mechuacanna of Hernandes, and do not doubt its being the fame. | | ASCLEPIAS 5. Minor fcandens foliis rariffmis, floribus paucioribus race- mofis racemis Jparfis, E - "This plant is pretty much like the third fpecies, but docs not fpread near fo much, nor bear its flowers in the fame manner: it is more frequent in the lower fwampy lands. | qx. 4 HERNI ARIA 594 T HÆ NATURAL IH L8 TORY HERNIARIA 1. Hirfuta repens ad nodos alternos florida, foliis ovatis, petiolis marginatis femi-amplexantibus, floribus confertis Seffilibus. An, Herniaria birfuta. L. Sp. Pl. ! Amaranthoides bumile Curaffavicum, Gc. Slo. H. t. 86. & Petiv. Pl, Amer. ha2 LXX ! The hairy Rupture- worth. This little plant is found creeping in all the low lands, and dry Savannas about King jion; it grows generally in tufts, and fpreads about fix or eight inches from the root. Idwg 5 v5 CHENOPODIUM 1. Humile multiflorum, foliis maculatis ovatis, floribus racemofis alaribus. The {maller Goo/c-fooz, with {potted leaves. | ^. This plant is frequent in all the gardens about King/ton ; it generally rifes from three or four inches to feven or eight, or more; and is remarkable for its {potted leaves, and great quantity of flowers. It is fometimes gathered and uled as a green, BETA r. Latifolia alba vel rubra. C. B. Beta. L. H.C. & Sp. Pl. Beet. This plant has been introduced to, and is now cultivated in many parts of Yamaica: it thrives pretty well in the cooler mountains; but as the ground is generally more ftiff, and the exhalations by the leaves more abundant in thofe parts, thefe fiefhy roots feldom grow fo luxuriant, or fhoot fo direct into the ground, The root is fometimes ufed in "famaica,. but not much efteemed. e E. GOMPHRENA 1, Ereéfa birfuta, foliis oblengo-ovatis, petiolis brevibus amplexantibus, capitulis folitariis. Gomphrena Cau/e erecto, foliis lanceolatis ovatis, pedunculis dibbyllis. L.H. C. & Sp. PI. | | i Gomphrena Gr. The. Zey. pag. 15. p. 6? Batchelors-Button. Whether this has been originally introduced to that ifland, or a native, I am not able todetermine; it does however now grow wild about the town Savannas, and may be obferved every where among the buíhes, when the flowering feafon comes on: it rifes generally to the height of twelve or fifteen inches, and is a pretty flowering plant in a garden. GOMPHRENA 2. Repens rufefcens, folis linearibus eraffufculis, capi- tulis alaribus. . Gomphrena, foliis lanceolato-fubulatis, caule dichotomo, capitulis: axillari- bus pedunculatis. L, Sp. Pl. The Creeping Gomphrena. | This creeping plant is very common about Rock-river, and fpreads a great way among the grafs; the ftem is pretty fender, and throws out a few fibrous roots at every joint: the whole plant has a reddith-brown caít in its colour, and fomething of the appearance of Purflane, ai T NAMA NAMA.r. Reclinata villof. a, foliis ovatis, eod marginatis recutrenti- ! bus, floribus folitariis. Tab. 18. f. 2. The fpreading hairy "ME Periantium — Moropbyllum in quinque lacinias lineares erectas acutas ad ba- gm fecium Corolla — .Monopetala tubulata ; tubus -cylindraceus longitudine fere calicis; limbus patulus quinguecrenatus. Stamina. Filamenta quinque ; anthere fubrotunde. Pifillum. Germen oblongum; ftyli duo longitudine fere poe num; f gmata Jimplicia acuta. Pericarpium. Capfula oblonga unilocularis bivalvis longitudinaliter debifcens. Semena Plurima fubrotunda diffepimento affixa. This little plant is not common in Jamaica: I have met with a few fpecimens of it about the Angels beyond Spani Town; it fpreads about the root, and feldom grows above five or fix inches in length. The whole plant is fomewhat hairy, and the {talk and branches margined. ERYNGIUM 1. Fetidum foliis inferioribus anguflis ferratis, fuperioribus laciniatis & aculeatis. Eryngium foliis gladiatis ferrato-/pinofis multifidis. L. Sp. PI. pu Jetidum foliis anguftis ferratis. Slo, Cat. 127. & H. t. 1:6. The ftinking Zyrzgo, or Fittweed. This plant is frequent in Jamaica, as well as in moft of the other fugar colonies ; it rifes from a thick proportioned root, and fpreads a good many leaves about the crown, before it throws up a ftalk ; but as the feafon advances, it fhoots into a branched ftem, which generally rifes to the height of one or two feet above the ground, and bears all its flowers in roundith radiated heads, All the parts of this plant are reckoned very powerful antihifterics, and *much .ufed by the negroes and poorer whites, on all occafions of that nature; it is chiefly adminiftered in decoctions ot infufions, HYDROCOTYLE I, Bs orbiculatis peltatis crenatis, umbellis multi ifloris. Hydrocotyle, foliis peltatis, umbellis multifforis. Pk: Hydrocpuic e peltatis. orbiculatis Ss mA ual i HHE & Gro. der irg. t 2^ M er i pasirke r Cotyledon aquh, EE UID PI STI. "SPP Hydrocotyle vulg. "Tournef. Inft. 328. Water Pennyworth. HYDROCOTYL E 2. Humilior, foliis femi-elipticis crenatis, fcapo florifero partial brevi nudo. Hydrocotyle foliis reniformibus equaliter crenatis, L. H. C. & Sp. PI. An, Afarum e terra Mariana. Pk. t. 15. £. 37 An, Ranunculo-affinis umbelliferis accedens ejufdem. Tab. 1c6. f. 5? - Codagen. H.M. p. to. t. 46, The Mountain Pennyworth. Both thefe plants are frequent in Jamaica: the former grows in all the marfhes and ftagnating waters about the lower lands ; the other is found in the mountains between Sixteen-mile-walk and St. Mary's. The root of the firft fpecies is reckoned aperitive and deobftruent ; but all aqua- tic plants of the umbelliferous clafs, are deferv edly fu{pected, and feldom ufed in pre- {criptions. Cosi? | - DAUCUS 6 TH EAN AT. U RA BE HISTORY DAUCUS 1. sever Jübbirfutus, umbella in centro depreffa. Daucus. L. H. C. & Sp. Plant. Daucus Seminibus bifpidis. Roy. €? vulgaris. C. B. The Carot. This plant is cultivated in the mountains of famatca, and thrives fo well in all parts of New Liguanea, that moft people in the towns of King flon and Sz. Jago are plentifully fupplied with the root during the fummer-feafon. ANETHUM i. Fruétibus ovalis. L. H. PW & Sp. PI. Feeniculum duke. Bau. Pin. | Sweet Fennel This plant was, doubtlefs, firft introduced here from Europe; but it now grows wild in many parts of the ifland, and thrives every where as well as if it had been a native. The roots are aperitive ‘and diuretic; and the E carminative, and richly impregnated with a warm aromatic oil. - A water diftilled from the plant afed to be Ed in I thops formerly, and wes frequently ordered in ophthalmic lotions, «=s APIUM 1. Foliis caulinis linearibus, La H.C. & Sp. Pl. Parfly. This plant is cultivated in every garden in Jamaica, and grows very luxuriantly in all parts of the ifland: the roots are aperitive and diuretic, and frequently or- dered in deobítruent apozems. The feeds are carminative, and the leaves aperitive and nutritive: they are chiefly ufed in fallets and feafonings. APIUM 2. Foliis caulinis aac e: Xe. Sp. Pl. & H. C. Apium palufire C, B. & paludapium quorundam. Celeri or Smallage. . This plant is cultivated, and thrives extremely well in all the mountains of New Liguanea : it is a gentle wholfome aperitive and diuretic ; is chiefly ufed in foops and fallets, and is fometimes ordered in apes apozems. PASTINACA 1. Fols laceratis pinnatis. Pattinaca foliis fimpliciter pinnatis.. L. H.C, & Sp. Pl. | .. The Parfnip. This plant has been introduced in Jamaica fome years ago, and is now fre- quently cultivated in the mountains of New Liguanea, where it is fometimes ob- ferved to grow wild in great luxuriance, and to propagate itfelf without any care; but it is not liked by many in that part of the world. It is a ftrong nutritive root, and fometimes ferved up at table like catrots, and - other roots, SECTION. IL Of Juch as have five Filaments and three Styles in every Flower. HUS? 1. Foliis pinnatis ovato-acuminatis fubtus villofis, foribus racemofis te- trandris terminatricibus, Tab. 8.. f. 3. The villous Rhus, with tetrandrous Flowers. Periantium dt: g A MA Cr A. 187 Periantium |. Monopbyllum minimum quadridentatum. Corolla Yetrapetala, petalis lanceolatis refleétentibus. Stamina. Filamenta quatuor erecta, longitudine petalorum fioris; anthere cor dato-[agittatee. Piftillum, -Germen fubrotundum leniter depreffum ; ftylus nullus; ftigmata duo glandulofa fubrotunda parva fummo germini impofita. Pericarpium &c. defiderantur, This fmall tree grows in the road that leads from New Greenwich to Pipit, it feldom riles A ten or twelve feet in height, and is plentifully furnifhed with branches towards the top: the flowers are very numerous, and blow generally before the fhooting of the leaves, or very foon after. CHLOROXYLUM 1. Folits ovatis glabris rigidis trinerviis, ratam Jingu- | laribus, Tab. 7. f.1. The Greenheart or - Cogwood Tree. . Periantium Monophyllum rotatum in quinque partes tlla profunde ectum. Corolla Floris vicem gerunt foliola minima inequalia, laciniis calicis ad- nata ; aliud nullum. Stamina. Filamenta quinque erecta ex umbilico germini circumducto affur- gentia, et incifuris calicis oppofita; anthere fubrotunde? Pitulum. Germen fubrotundum minimum umbilico crajfo carnofa circumdu- um; ftyli tres fubulati breves; ftigmata acuta. _ Pericarpium. Drupa Jpberica unilocularis, An, germen. triloculare? Semina. Nucleus bilobus pericarpio ligneo corticato tectus et membrand propria obvolutus. This tree is common in many parts of the mountains, and rifes by a ftrong branched trunk to a very confiderable height; the inward bark is of a light blood colour, and inclofes a {trong greeni(h timber within the fap: the leaves are {mooth, of-an oval form, and adorned with three confiderable arched nerves each ; they re- femble thofe of the Camphire tree, both in fhape, fize, and texture. This tree bears its fruit, which feldom exceeds a naked hafel nut in r; fcattered ep and down upon the branches. The wood is very tough and hard, and obferved to alte peo than uili fort for the coggs ufed in the rolls of a fagar-mill. lt is generally efteemed one of the beft timber: woods in the ifland, and ufed on all occafions whee ftrength and durability is required, SPATHE 1. Caudice fimplici, fronde pinnata comofa, racemo fpatiofiffimo laxo .— terminal. ieri aut paliuro affinis, arbor caudice non eite &. Slo. Cat. 138. _ Cris Zeylonica filiculofa. The. Zey: 54. — aips s The Maiden Plumb Tree. edi: Pentapbyllum coloratum ; foliolis oblongis. Corollà " Pentapetala, petalis oblongis. Stamina. Filamenta quinque inferne latiora füblirfuta & appendiculá denti- m formis utrinque referta, Juperne tenuia C9 arcuatas anthere vate. » Pittillum, Gron ovatum flaminibus dimidio brevius 5 ; Upset "m fig- odo "i 591i mata tria fabrotunda. QE qu sib dicorpiceni: Capfula oblonga trigona trilocularis: Joor sti Semina Solitaria triquetra oblonga. Y TR? 2 This me T H RANA PU RARE.HIS' DOR Y This tree is frequent i in the rocky hills above the ferry, and makes a moft beautiful appearance in the woods when in bloom: it rifes by a fingle flender ftem, like the palms, and bears all its oval leaves in a pinnated order, on moderate fihi difpofed clofely together about the top, from the center of which the flower-fpike rifes in its due feafons: this is very {preading, and generally fhoots fo as to appear a large blooming pyramid many feet above the foliage. The trunk is feldom divided, but is fo very like what we have already defcribed under this Evg/i/h appellation, both in fize and appearance, that I could never diftinguifh them when out of flower; nor do I yet know which of the two is the true timber-tree, This would make a moft beautiful flowering-fhrub in a garden, for it feldom rifes above fourteen or fix- teen feet from the ground, and its flowering- -top is generally from four to fix feet in height. PHYLLANTHUS 1, Foliis latioribus utrinque acuminatis apicim verfus cre- natis, ad érenas flortdis. Phyllanthus foliis lanceolatis ferratis, crenis floriferis, L.H. C. & Sp. PI. Phyllanthus. Cat. ài. t. 26. & Hemionitidi affinis, &c. Pk. t. 36. f. 7. i The large-leafed Phyllanthus. | Periantium — Nullu Corolla - eain ad bafim ufque in quinque partes fecta. Stamina. usi ie quinque brevifima; antherz" fubrotunde circa bafim minis fie. Piftillum. TUN Jubrotundum ; ftyli tres breviores, ftigmata tenuia quan- doque lacerata. Pericarpium. — Caffula Jubrotunda tricocularis, emina In fingula loculamento bina. 'THYLLANTHUS 2. Foliis anguftis hmglérihu leviffime crenatis, quando- que confertis. Phyllanthus Americanus angufitori et longiori folio. Pk. t. 247. f. 4. The narrow-leafed Phyllanthus. Both thefe finall (hrubs are very common in the rocky hills of Jamaica, and fel- dom rife more than four or fix feet above the root, but are often much lower: they are both remarkable for the difpofition of their flowers and feed- veffels. PUMILEA. 1. Minima. fubbirfuta, fella angufits profunde feces Chamecyftus, €?c. Petiv. Gaz. t. 38. f. 9. Chamacyftus urtice folio; &c. Slo. Cat. 87. & H. t. HE “wa, SUR Ra PUE "phe fmaller Penilea. : -aa Tubulatum infundibuliforme, bracfeis geminis. linearibus fuf- ultum ; limbus guinquepartitus. Corolla Pentapetala, petalis ovatis, unguibus anguflts tubo calicis adnatis. Stamina, Filamenta quinque longitudine tubi calicis; anthere cordate in E collo calicis fita. Pifilum. Germen ovatum; ftyli tres longitudine flaminum; ftigmata | ramofa. Pericarpium, Capfula ovata unilocularis trivalvis. Semina Sex Remformia leniter compreffa. This little plant grows about Old-barbour, and the foot of Liguanea-moun- tains; it is always fimple and upright, and never rifes more than two or three inches mere the root: the flowers are — and difpofed at the ale of the upper . SY | — PUMILEA? RECIEN D UE UR DIE i 7] AAMAAT EC. À: 189 PUMILEA? 2. Subbirfuta fimplex, foliis linearibus. fuberenatis. Chamaecyftus caule birfuto, &c. Slo. Cat. 87. & H. t. 127. The larger Pumilea. Periantium Monophyllum in quinque lacinias ultra medietatem fectum. Corolla Pentapetala, petalis anguftis longioribus, incifuris calicis oppofitis, Stamina. Filamenta quinque longitudine fere floris; anthere oblonge ine- quales, quafi lacerate. Pifillum, | Germen ovatum; ftylitres ultra medietatem bipartiti, ftigmata lacerata. Pericarpium, | Capfula fubrotunda unilocularis trivalvis, receptaculis li- nealibus, valvis longitudinaliter interne adnatis, ` | Semina Plura fubrotunda. This little plant grows, with the foregoing, at Mr. Smith's Pen in Ligwanea, and feldom rifes above four inches from the root: the plant ftands erect, and is furni(h- ed with very narrow leaves; and the flowers grow fingle at the ale of the upper leaves. TURNERA 1. E petiolis forens, foliis ferratis. L. H. C. & Sp. Pl. - “The yellow-flowered Turnera. This plant grows in great abundance about the red hills, and feldom rifes above four or five feet from the root; it has a fhrubby but weakly ftalk, adorned with a few ferrated ovalleaves, and bears large yellow flowers, that have fomewhat of the appearance of the malvaceous tribe, at firft fight. | Sere Oe hea Of Juch as have five Filaments and five Styles in every Flower. RALIA 1. Arborea foliis nitidis oblongo-ovatis, umbella laxa, radiis fingu CEU lis glandulá notatis. — An, Laurifolia arbor flore tetrapetalo, &c. Slo. Cat. & H. t. 163. f. 2. The Galapee, or Angelica Tree. _ Bogie This tree grows at the foot of the red hills near the Z/zge/s, and feldom rifes above fourteen or fifteen feet in height; the leaves are moderately large, and the tops of the branches adorned with a great number of flowers, difpofed in an umbellated but ir- regular order, which are fucceeded by fo many fmall, whitifh, fucculent berries: the {mall umbelle have-each from eight to thirty radioli. ZANTHOXYLUM J. Foliis oblongo-ovatis pinnatis & leviter crenatis, flori- -bus racemofis, caudice fprnofa, ligno fuberoceo. An, Zanthoxylum foliis pinnatis, L. Sp. Pl.? : Prickly Yellow-wood, or yellow Hercules. Periantum — Monopbyllum minimum quinquepartitum, vix notabile. . Corolla Monopetala in quinque lacinias oblongo-ovatas patentes, fubcochle- atas, ad bafin fere fetta. As Stamina. Filamenta quinque eretto-patentia, flore longiora; anthere fub- ! rotunda. Piftillum, Germen depreffum; ftyli, vix ulli; fügmata guingue ere&fa ob- longa, in orbem pofita. : Ddd ~~ Pericarpium. rb THE NATURAL HISTORY Pericarpium. —Caffula gibbofa quinqueloba, ultra medietatem divifa; lobis ubovatis unilocularibus, loculamentis diflindlis. Semina, ovato-angulata folitaria. This tree is frequent in moft parts of Jamaica, and grows to a very confiderable fize; it branches pretty much towards the top, and rifes frequently to the beight of twenty or thirty feet, or better: it is looked upon by many as a dye-wood, but is generally ufed in buildings, and efteemed a good timber-tree. SURIANA 1. Maritima foliolis lanceolatis, floribus fingularibus, flaminibus fubbirfutis. : Suriana. Plum. t. 4o. & Suriana, L. H.C, & Sp. Pl, The narrow-leafed Suriana. "This little fhrab is frequent by the fea-fide in the parih of Sz. James, and fel- dom rifes above three or four feet from the root; the branches are pretty flender and flexile, and the leaves difpofed more thickly towards the tops, SCIODAPHYLLUM 1. Foliis majoribus oblongis petiolis communibus umbel- : latim affixis, floribus fpicatis, Tab. 19. fo. 1, 2. The long-leafed Sciodaphyllum. Periantium. Margo germinis minimi quinquedenticulata, denticulis parvis ; obtufis. Corolla Monopetala tubulato-campanulata quinquecrenata, &c? Stamina. Filamenta quinque brevifima; antherz oblonga. Piftillum, Germen minimum obverfe conicum, caliculá coronatum; ftyli quinque breves; ftigmata obtufiufcula. Cetera. defiderantur. I have never feen but one of thefe trees; it grew on the right-hand fide of the road between Mr. Fones and Mr. Adams’s, in the mountains of New Liguanea, to the fouth, immediately under the top of the hill; the trunk was about twelve or thirteen inches in diameter, and raifed its branched top to the height of fourteen or fifteen feet from the ground. The leaves are generally from fixteen to twenty together, fimple, oblong, and fupported by tnoderate foot-ftalks, whereby they are faftened in an umbellated form to the top of fo many common fupporters; but thefe are generally longer than the leaves; they are of a moderate thickne(s, and fuftain their burthen with great eafe, while the others fpread themfelves like an umbrella, and caft a beautiful (hade below them: the flowers ftand on fimple robuft fpikes ; but as they were not grown to perfection when I gathered this fpecimen, I could not give the characters with all the exactnefs I could have wifhed. GB ASSS5VE Of the Hexandria, or Vegetables that have fix Filaments in every | Flower. ! S. B C x d Of Juch as have fix Filaments, and one Style or female part, in s every Flower. | (NORYPHA r1. Palmacea, foliis flalelliformibus cum appendicula ad imum, ~ petiolis tenuioribus flexilibus compreffis. Palma Brafilienfis prunifera, &c. Slo. Cat. 170. & H. t. 213. 4 Palmeto . Mie E OE a. AaMp dc du GA A 191 Palmeto-Royal, or Palmeto- T hatch, Spadix Ramofus, ramulis fimplicibus, fpathis propriis fimplicibus teftis; ita ut Spadix imbricatus evadit, Genitalia omnia hermaphrodita funt. Periantium. ‚Nullum... Corolla... Nulla, Stamina. Filamenta fex brevia germini lateraliter adnata vel incidentia; antherz oblonge. Piftillum. | Germen parvum globofum , tylus brevis fimplex; ftigma arfiplia- tum vaginatum Œ quafi infundibuliforme. Pericarpium, ‘Bacca ‘unilocularis, nucleo unico nauco offeo tecto, referta. ` "This tree is frequent in Yamaica, and covers whole fields in many parts of the ifland: it grows both in the rocky hills, and low moift plains near the fea, but feems to thrive beft in the former. It fhoots by-a fimple ftalk, and rifes generally from four or five, to ten or: fourteen feet in height, . It. is always. farnifhed with leaves of the form of.a fan, fuftained by flender comprefled foot-ftalks, and bears a great abundance of fmall hearieti which ferve. to feed both the birds and beafts of the wood, when they are in feafon. The trunk feldom exceeds four or five inches in diameter; it is called the Thatch-pole, and is much ufed for piles in wharfs, and other buildings made in the fea; for it has been obferved.to ftand the water very well, and is never corroded or touched by the worms: the foot-{talksiof the leaves are very tough, and ferve (when {plit and pared) to make’ batkets,, bow-ftrings, ropes, and a thoufand other conveniencies, where ftrength and toughnefs is required. The leaves are called Thatch, and are daily ufed as fuch in moft new tet:lcments and plantations, efpecially for all the out-houfes, and is found. to ftand the weather for many years; but fuch coverings are apt to harbour buda and other, vermin, which prevents a more general ufe of them, CORYPHA? 2. Palmaeca affurgens, foliis delel br pikus hja re pe- tiolts abus compres Gel. ; OERE io L. xb Oa The larger Palen’: T his tree is as common in the leeward parts of S umbras, as the others’ is in the eaftern ; and each equally fcarce in the territories of the other. It grows by a {trong fimple e ftalk,. and. rifes commonly to the height of .fixteen sor twenty feet; it is adorned with a number of large pelmated leaves at the top; but the rib, which is always comprefied, and about two inches or more in breadth: near the middle, tapers from the bafe to the top, and runs forward to the very center. of the leaves, demitting its connected ribs or foliage equally on both fides, at the extremity ; thefe are very large, and terminated by fo many radiated points in the circumference of the fan ; but throw out fo many thready nerves from their interftices, as they feparate. I have not feen the flowers of this plant, but have been induced to place it here, from its likenefs to the foregoing: The trunk is put to no ufe in that ifland, that I could learn, but doubtlefs would ferve for the fame purpofes with the foregoing, and likely better, as it grows to a larger fize. The foot-ítalks of the leaves are fometimes fplit and made into bafkets ; and the leaves much ufed for thatch, and, robably, are much better than the others, as they are extremely coug they are alfo fplit into {mall flips, and ufed for mending old ichairs. TRIOPTERIS 1. Ereéta a be uidi peo acuminatis fhai gra- cibus. Tab. Triopteris, L. Sp. Pl. Carpinus 12 THE NATURAL HISTORY Carpinus forte vifcofa, &c. Bur. Th. Zey. : Aceri vel palicero affinis angu/fo oblongo efr eb. . Slo. Cat. 138. & H. t, 162. The Switch-Sorrehs Periantium Triphyllum, foliolis ovatis cochleatis anplesisihs Corolla ' Nulla. Stamina. Filamenta. fex tenuia brevifima; anthere majores inequales oblongee €3 leniter arcuate, Jriatæ er e€to-conniventes; Piftillum. Germen fubrotundum triquetrums ftylus MS eretfus brevis, ftigma obtufe trilobum. ` Pericarpium. | Capfula’ membranacea . oblonga drimgulris "tribus “alis membranaceis aucfa, trilocularis. - yore di : Semina Oblonga folitaria, This flender fhrub is very common in the. moft barren parts of the faa hills, and feldom rifes- more than fix or feven feet above the root: both the trunk and branches are very flexile = ae iie ies of the whole pri is acerb and bitterifh. BROMELIA 1. hr conico-ovato, carne lutea, folis. corone Hippo Bromelia. Plum.: ; Bromelia foliis ciliad fpinofis, is, mucronatis ; fpica fubtus carnofa, L. Sp. Pl. The Sugar-loaf. ‘Pine-Apple. This plant 1 is now common in Jamaica, and cultivated by moft people in their gardens; it is propagated both by the crown and the fprouts or fide-branches, but thefe come to perfection earlier, tho’ the other feetris the moft natural gem, as it always cafts its roots in the fruit itfelf, while yet in a growing ftate: they thrive beft in a rich mould and a warm fituation, but feldom rife above three feet from the ground; the ftalk fhoots from the center of the leaves (which are nerally dif- pofed very thick about the root) and bears a large fingle fruit, or i i à heap of fmall fucculent capfule concreted into a common mafs towards the top; but the fibres of the main ftem continue their courfe thro’ the center of this mafs, and, in moft fpecies, turn into a fhort foliated fprout, or young plant, at the top, ‘cafting a few tender radiculi on every fide, into the pulp of the fruit: This has been always efteemed the richeft and beft fruit in Americas ‘and indeed its form, fize, and. flavour, contribute alike to give it the pre-eminence : it is in general agrecable to the ftomach; büt the natural mellownefs of its juice “renders. it more agreeable to the natives and old ftandards, than it poffibly can be to new ‘comers, who: generally think it too rich and cloying. The following forts are thought to be only variations of this, but: they are feldom fo lufcious, grow gene- rally of a different fhape, and ‘are vaftly more agreeable to’ heated ftbiticlis. The juice fermented would make-a good wine; it is fometimes mixed with the rum- liquor, when it ferments, and is thought to give it a pleafant flavour : it is ferved up with ether fruit at moft gentlemen' S tables in America. BROMELIA 2. Fructu’ oblongo turgido, carne: abluter, polis corona lon- gioribus. Kapa RR HM: p. 1o. C» &x ~The Black Pine-A pple. BROME LIA Ce Fruthu rotundiori, carne albida feminibus eni foliis co- rong breviorsbiss: quandoque inermibus, The Queen Pine-Apple. Thefe Of ii ji A MAA T CHA: 193 Thefe two laft fpecies are more common than the firft; and planted in moft gardens in this country; their fruit is generally larger and roundith, but grows feldom yellow, even in the furface, nor is the pulp of the fruit fo rich, tho’ generally more agree- - able to new comers, and people of a warm habit. Pifo fays, p. 195. Animum languidum recreat, flomachum naufeabundum refti- tuit ; Jiquor vel vinum urine fuppreffioni fuccurrit. BROMELIA 4. Caule affurgenti, racemo terminali, frudtibus fejunétis. Bromelia foliis ciliato-fpinofis mucronatis, racemo terminatrict. L; Sp. PI. Caraguata Pif. The Pinguin. This plant is very common in Yamaica, and grows wild in moft of the S4- vannas and rocky hills, where it has been firft carried either by chance, or defign ; the edges of its leaves are very prickly, and thefe generally arched backwards, which makes them extremely hurtful to either man or beaft, that may chance to fall among them; and are, for this reafon, generally ufed in all the fences and in- clofures round the country. The leaves are very thick about the root, and from the center of thefe fprings the ftalk, which generally rifes to the height of twelve or fix- teen inches above the foliage, and divides into a number of little lateral branches, that bear fo many fingle flowers. When the plant begins to fhoot into bloffom, all the leaves become of a fine fcarlet colour towards the ftalk, and continue fo until the fruit begins to ripen, but it then begins to change, and afterwards fades gradually away. ‘The fruits of this plant are feparate, and each nearly of the fize of a wal- nut; the pulp has an agreeable fweetnefs joined with fuch a fharpnefs, that if you make much ufe of it, or let it lie for any time in the mouth, it will corrode the palate and gums, fo as to make the blood ouze from thofe.tender parts. The pulp fliced and laid in fugar or fyrup over night, is frequently given to children for the worms; and I doubt not but it may be very effectual on thofe occafions. The leaves of all the forts (but this in particular) being ftripped of the pulp, yields a ftrong thready fubftance not much inferior to hemp, which is commonly ufed in ropes and whips by the wainmen in that part of the world, and made into hammocks among the Spaniards. Induftry may probably find better ufes for this fubftance in time. RENEALMIA 1. Para/fitica, caule filiformi ramofo, geniculato, longifimo; . Soltis fubulatis. . Renealmia filiformis intorta, L. H. C. & Sp. Pl. & Gro. Virg. Vifcum Carzopbylloides tenuifimum, &c. Slo. Cat. 77. & H. t. 122. Old-man's Beard. This flender parafitical plant is found upon the trees in many parts of Yamaica, but does not grow fo common nor fo luxuriantly there as it does in the more northern provinces of the main continent, where it is faid to over-run whole forefts. It is frequently imported to Jamaica. from North America, for the ufe of the fadlers and coach-makers, who commonly ftuff their pannels, cufhions, Ge, with this weed. _ . - | | In Louifiana, or New France, and the other neighbouring fettlements, this plant is very carefully gathered and ftripped cf. the bark; and the fibres, which are very like, and no ways inferior to horfe-hair, made into matreffcs, cufhions, pannels, Se. Thefe fibres are only the lignous or internal body of the weed, which is manufac- tured there in the following manner, viz. When they have gathered as much of the plant as they think neceffary, they tie it loofely into bundles, and fink it in wa- ter, or bury it under ground in a moift place, until the bark rots; it is then taken up, boiled in water, and wathed until the fibres are quite cleared of the pulp; and thefe are not only ufed inftead of horfe-hair, but are fo very like it, that a man | Eee j cannot m4 THE:ANATURAL HISTORY cannot diftinguifh the one from the other; without. a firict examination, and that even with a glafs, unlefs he obferves the branchings of it. | The Bonana bird's neft is always made of the fibres of this weed, and generally found hanging by a few threads from the tops of the moft expanded branches o the moft lofty trees, efpecially thofe. that fpread over ponds or rivers. TILLANDSIA. 1. Parafitica parva pruinofa, fcapo tenui bifloro. Renealmia foliis fubulatis cabris, pedunculis unifloris. L. Sp. Pl. | Vifcum Carzopbyllotdes minus & pruinofum, &c. Slo. Cat. 77. & H. t. 121. 1. The {mall frofted Ti//andfia, commonly called Old man's Beard. TILLANDSIA 2. Parafitica parva, foliis tenuiffimis ereciis, fpica breviori fimplici difticha. Vifcum Carzopbyllodes minus foliorum imis viridibus, &c. Slo. Cat, 77. & j H. (122 The fmall narrow-leafed Z//azdfa. _ TILLANDSIA 3. Media parafitica, foliis oblongis obtufis, floribus comofis terminalibus. - An, Tillandfia, foliis limonii ligulatis integerrimis bafi wentricofis. : L. Sp. Pl __L. Sp. PI. Vifcum Cariopbylleides maximum, capitulis in fummitate conglobatis. Slo. H, TCU I ae The Tandja, with tufted flowers. "TILLANDSIA 4. Parajfitica major foliis attenuatis bafi ventricofis, racemo wh laxo fbatiofo affurgenti, — Tillandfia culmo paniculato, L. Sp. Pl. The loofe-headed Zz7/azd/a, or Wild-Pine. TILLANDSIA 5, Parafitica major, foliis amplioribus attenuatis bafi ventri- cofis; fpicd affurgenti, compreffá, brachtatd; floribus Sere fefiilibus. Vifcum Catefb. v, ii. t. 89. TILLANDSIA 6. Paraftica foliis majoribus obtufis; fpica affurgenti di- vifa, fquamofa. The larger Zz/azd/ia, with obtufe leaves. TILLANDSIA? 7. Parofitica maxima, foliis amplioribus obtufis, ciliato- - nofis, racemo affurgenti piramidato. Tillandfia foliis [o e pif L. Sp. Pl The largeft 72/224/2, or Wild-Pine, with a variegated flower-fpike. All thefe fpecies of the Ti/Jandfia are frequent in Jamaica, and go among the people there by the name of Wild-Pine: they grow upon, the trees, and by the eafy bend, and broad hollowed bafe of the leaves, become fo many natural refervoirs, which hold a fufficient quantity of the water that falls in the rainy feafons, to fupply them with moifture for a confiderable time, in long conti- Er Ae ; and in fandy defarts have been frequently ferviceable to both men an $ ; : PANCRATIUM 1, Foliis comprefiis obtufis, frapo nudo, foribus umbellatis. Pancratium eee er DEBR IB AMA F CA: . aoe Pancratium fpatbá multifforá, foliis lanceolatis: L. H.C. & Sp. PI. Lilio-narciffus maximus Zeylonicus, &c, The. Zey. p. 142. The White Lilly. This plant grows wild in moft parts of famaica, as well as in the other fugar- colonies, and feldom rifes above fixteen or eighteen inches in height ; the leaves are pretty large in thofe countries, and the flowers numerous and white, which ren- ders it an agreeable flowering-plant in a garden: the root is pretty acrid, and has been fometimes ufed in poultices by antiquated and pale-faced ladies, to raiíea forced bloom in their fading cheeks. AMARYLLIS 1. Flore croceo nutanti, fcapo nudo unifforo. Amaryllis fpatba multiflora, corollis equalibus campanulatis, genitalibus decli- natis. . C. & Sp. Pi. Lilio-narciffus Indicus feu narciffus lilifferus, &c. Pk. 246. f. 2. This plant, like the foregoing, grows wild in many parts of the ifland, and is now cultivated in moft gardens for the fake of its flowers: it thrives beft in a rich foil and fhady place. 7 PONTEDERIA 1. Aquatica caulefcens, foliis majoribus orbiculatis nitidis, oribus. fpicatis ad alas. An, Pontederia foliis cordatis floribus fpicatis, L. Sp. Pl. & H.C. Michelia. Houftoni. | The round-leafed Water-Plantain, or Pontederia. Periantium E finu petioli fupremi furgit [pica fimplex, floribus plurimis geminatis referta, © prima etate fpatba univalvi obducla ; aliud nullum. Corolla, Monopetala tubulata infundibuliformis, Tubus anguftus firiatus ^. t quafi canaliculatus. Limbus in fex partes divifus, quarum tres, quafi exteriores, oblonga et ereciee funt : tres vere interiores inequales , laterales exterioribus fimiles et alternate, pauloque — minores Junt; tertia fuperior eff et major, ereciaque, et in fauce maculata, — Stamina. Filamenta fex, quorum tria fuperiora longiora funt & inequalia, . 4d bafim tubo adnata; tria vero inferiora breviora & inequa- s "v in fundoque floris fita. Antheræ omnibus erecie ob- ong. Piftillum. Germen oblongum; ftylus fimplex longitudine fere floris; ftigma craffiufculum. Pericarpium. Capfula oblonga trilocularis. Semina Plurima parva. | ' I obferved this plant in moft of the Lagoons and rivers about the Ferry: the leaves are roundifh, thick, and fmooth ; the flowers moderately large; and the ftalk about an inch in diameter: it grows very luxuriantly, and throws up its flower-fpike a good way beyond the furface of the water. * ORNITHOGALUM? 1. Herbaceum, foliis gramineis, floribus geminatis pedunculis longiffimis alaribus ineidentibus. Ornithogalum, Virginianum luteum, &c. Pet. Gaz, t. 1. jer" Ornithogalum, &c. Pk. t. 350. f. 8. The grafly-leafed Ornithogalum., b I .. Periantium me T HEC4NA'ÉEUR'ÀL-HISTORY Periantium Nullum: fpatha minima linearis ad bafim finguli foris, cali- cis vicem fupplet. Corolla Monopetala tubulata; tubus cylindraceus fimplex; limbus patens in fex lacinias oblongas ad faucem tubi fectus. Stamina. Filamenta fex, brevia, erecto-patentia, e margine interiore tubi orta ; anthere fagittate. 3 Piftillum. ' Germen oblongum, tubo floris inmerfum & adnatum; ftylus coni- cus brevis; ftigma obtufiufculum. Pericarpium. Capfula oblonga obtufe-trigona trilocularis, Semina Plura fubrotunda minora. This beautiful little plant is frequent in Sixteen-mile-walk, and in many parts of the road over Mount Diable ; it has no ftalk, and its grafly leaves feldom Ípread above five or fix inches from the root: the foot-ítalks of the flowers rife from the ala of the upper leaves; they are generally above three inches in length, and {uftain each two ftar-like yellow flowers: the plant grows beft in a rich and cool foil. ALLIUM 1, Caule planifolió salir, radice" compofita, faminibus tricu- E i . & Sp. Pl x a pidatis. L. H. & Sp. PI. | vost Allium radicis bulbo multipartito, capitulo bulbifero, Ge LB C > Garlick. ^X ALLIUM 2. Scapo nudo ventricofi infarmi & longiori, foliis teretibus concavis, L. H. Upf. & Sp. Pl. l Cepa capo: ventricófo,. folio longiori, radice deprefa. .L. H.C, Aiei | "The Onion. | ALLIUM 5. Caule planifolio umbellifero, radice tunicata, ffaminibus tricuf- syes enc upidatis.:~ Lo EE Upióe Sp. Blant. 5 00-0 Porrum radice ambienti tunicata, oblonga, folitaria. ` L. H, C. dude CAMS WS a S ACANA ALLIUM 4. Foliis fubulatis, radicibus oblongis conslobatis. L, Sp. PI. , Cepa. foliis fubulatis, radicibus oblongis conglobatis, L.H.C. — - 3 The Efchalot. All thefe plants are now cultivated in the mountains of famaica, and thrive fo luxuriantly in thofe.parts, that moft people of the ifland are now fupplied with a fufficient quantity of the roots from thence; efpecially, with thofe of the firft, third, and laft forts. — Ea Es * ASPARAGUS 1. Caule berbaceo erecto, foliis fetaceis, flipulis paribus. L. 5 | . ' Flo. Sw. & Sp. Pl. í | | Afparagus Zortenfs & pratenfs. C. B. Sperage, or Sparrow-grafs. This plant has been introduced, and is now cultivated with great care in Yamaica, where it frequently. grows to a pretty moderate fize; but the exhalations are too great, _ and they feldom bury it deep enough, or crop it fufficiently to bring it to any great perfection. tjs remarkable that this plant grows without any fort of care, and in great perfection, in the fand-hills near Catwich in Holland; from whence we may conclude, that it naturally requiresa depth of free loofe foil, as well as heat. it up ) à | L The Oroig AMAA E-OC A 197 The root of this plant is reckoned a good diuretic and aperitive; but the tender Íprouts, efpecially thofe of the fixth and feventh growth, are chiefly ufed for food ; they are very delicate eating, and eafy of digeftion. SCURRULA? 1. Paraftica folis ovatis oppofitis, racemis rarioribus ala- ribus. The larger Scurrula, or Mifletoe, with hermaphrodite flowers. Periantium Duplex ; germinis, triphyllum parvum : floris, margo germinis integra. Corolla Hexapetala, quandoque pentapetala, petalis lanceolatis conniven- tibus. Stamina. Filamenta fex vel quinque, petalis adnata & breviora: anthere oblonge. | Pifüllum. Germen ovatum, calice proprio fuffultum, €? fummitate florem Suptinens; ftylus erectus fimplex, longitudine floris; íligma lex | mplex. Pericarpium. Bacca oblongo-ovata fucculenta fuperne fufea, ad bafim cro- cea, nucleo unico, nauco ligneo tecto, referta. This plant, as well as the following, approaches very much to the Vi/cum, both . by its berry and nature, but all the flowers are hermaphrodite ; and as Linneus has already conftituted a genus under this denomination, that feems to be much of the fame nature, I have placed thofe under it: I have however difpofed them according to the number of the famina I myfelf have obferved in the frefh plants. This fpecies . is frequently found on the Mangeneel trees about Hunts-bay ; and has been obferved to grow into {mall twiggy fhrubs beyond the Careening-place, on the Palifados. SCURRULA? 2. Parafitica foliis majoribus fubrotundis, Spicis-florum fim- licibus, alaribus. Vitcum /atzoribus & fubrotundis foliis. Slo, Cat. 168. & H. t. 200. An, Vilcum foliis ovatis racemis lateralibus ? L. Sp. Pl. The largeft Scurrula, or Mifletoe, with hermaphrodite flowers. . All the flowers of this plant have fix filaments and petals conftantly; but the. germen burfls, as it were, out of the fide of the flower-fpike, and is confe- . quently deprived of a proper cup. 1 found this plant upon fome pomegranate- trees in Mr, Za//'s garden, near Hope-river in Liguanea, POLIANTHES 1. Caule fimplici laxà fpicato, fpatbis vagis imbricato, Polianthes, L. Gen. & Sp, Pl. Tuberofa. KHeift. 1 The Tuberous. This plant is raifed, and thrives very well, in all the gardens about King flon: it is planted much for the fake of its fweet-fcented bloffoms, and makes a pretty õrn- ment in a flower-garden. i - ALOE r. Foliis turgidis čiliáto-dentatis purpurafcentibus, fcapo forifero — effurgenti fpicato. T i Aloe foliis fpinofis confertis dentatis vaginantibus planis maculatis, L. H. C. & Sp. PI. | ; Aloe Diofc. & aliorum. . Slo. Cat. 115. Caraguata 3*. Pif. 193. The Aloes Plant, or Sesper-vivie. | F£f a "This 198 THE NATURAL HISTORY This plant was originally introduced to Jamaica. fiom Bermudas, and: is now found in many parts of the ifland, where it has.grown without any care, It is ge- nerally cultivated, in the molt dry and, barren foils, where few other vegetables are obferved to grow, and thrives wherever it. finds mold. enough to cover a part of its roots: it is propagated by the fuckers that. (hoot from the {tumps of the old plants, which they fet in little {hallow pits placed from fix to twelve inches afunder ; but great care muft be taken to keep them free from weeds for a confiderable time after they are planted. When the plants are grown to a perfect flate, and every thing ready for the manufa&ure of this commodity, the labourers go into the field with tubs and knives, and cut off the largeft and moft fucculent leaves clofe to the ftalk ; thefé are immediately put into the tubs, and difpofed one by the fide of another in an upright pofition, that all the loofe liquor may dribble out at the wound. When this is thought to bealmoft wholly difcharged, the leaves are taken out one by one, pafied through the hand to clear off any part of the juice that may yet adhere, or ftick in their lefs Opén veins; and the liquor put into fhallow flat-bottomed veffels, and dried gradually in the fun, until it acquires a proper confiftence. What is obtain- ed in this manner is generally called Succotrine Aloes, and is the cleareft and moft tranfparent, as well as the higheft in efteem and value: but the method of making the comtüon Aes is not fo tedious, nor does it require fo much care; for in manu- facturing this fort, all the leaves are cut off, fevered into junks, and thrown into the tubs, until all the loofe liquor runs out; they are then hand-íqueezed, and the li- quor mixed with a little water (about a quart to every ten quarts of the juice) to make it more fit for boiling; 1t is then put into convenient cauldrons, and boiled to a proper confiftence ; which may be eafily known by dropping a fmall quantity from time to time upon a plate, and obferving the thicknefs as it cools; but this is readily difcovered by the touch or the eye, after a little experience: when the li- quor comes to a proper thicknefs, it is emptied out into large coolers ; and after it it has acquired a convenient confiflence in thefe, it is put into gourds, or {mall barrels, which commonly hold from one to twenty pints a-piece. The Aloes ALES and an active warm ftomachic; it is an excel- lent medicine in all weakneffes and obftru&ions of the vifcera proceeding from colds, ina&ion, an over-load of the veífels, or languor of the fibres; it brings on the menfes and hemorroids, promotes digeftion, raifes the appetite, and ftrengthens the tomach. It is frequently prefcribed for the worms, and defervedly efteemed one of the moft effectual medicines in neryous cafes proceeding from inaétion, of a vifcidity of the juices: it 1s often given with great fuccefs in many diforders of the head arifing from indigeftion, or a foulnefs of the vifcera; but is generally or- dered mixed up with other medicines that are more ready in their operations, and of a warm or purgative narture, It is an ingredient in many compofitions of the fhops, but is always obferved to be moft effectual when mixed with the more gummy juices of the plant. This commodity has* been alfo lately put to fome mechanical ufes, and tried, with great fuccefs, in thofe mixtures with which they cover the bottoms of fhips trading to the Ea/ and /Zzff- Indies, where the water-infects are obferved to burrow through all the planks that lie below thefurface, in every veffel that anchors for any time in the harbours of thofe feas; and it will probably be the means of faving many thoufands a. year, -both to the. merchants, and the crown, when it is more univerfally known. and employed: its refinous quality renders it a very fit ingredient in the compofition, and its bitter and naufeous acrimony, a very proper defence againit all forts.of infects... Nor can the fcarcity of the commodity prevent the gene- ral ule of its fer the Savaznas, and. more barren hills of Yamaica alone, would produce more than could be employed for all the (hips belonging to the dominions of Great-Britain: but to render the application more effe€tual, a thin coat of this alone may be laid within the common coat, or the planks waíhed over with a ftrong folution of it, fome time before the common mixture is laid on. 4 | AGAVE O f:;J AM A ^c! ai n Wb AGAVE 1. Foliis fubcompreffis mucronatis, ad margines fpinofo-dentatis , Jcapo valido affurgenti, racemo Jpattofo ramofo. Agave foliis dentatis, flaminibus corollam equantibus. L, Sp. Pl. Aloe fecunda feu folio in oblongum aculeum abeunti, Morif. & Slo. Cat. 117. Aloe Americana fobolifera. Herm. H. Lugd. t. 17. Coratoe, or Curaca. There are but few plants more common than this in famaica. It grows nata- rally in the moft barren rocky hills, and, when it flowers, affords the moft pleafing fight of any fhrub or plant in that part of the world; which is ftill more curious, as fo blooming a plant cannot be well expected to thrive in that foil where it’s moft commonly found growing. This curious plant throws out fome fharp- pointed in- dented leaves, that fpread into a tuft about the root at firft ; and continues to in- creafe, though flowly, both in fize and quantity of foliage, for many years: at 3 length it acquires a certain degree of pef ction, and then it throws up a ftem from the center of its leaves, which generally rifes to the height of eight or ten feet above the root. This is fimple and naked immediately above the leaves, but very much divided and branched towards the top, where it bears almoft an infinite number of moderately large yellow flowers, by which it may be diftinguifhed for many miles. The ftalk is very (hort during the firít ftage of the plant, and the leaves difpofed clofely together, ftanding in an oblique, or ere/o-Patent pofition, and fhooting gradu- ally one above another; while a few of thofe neareft to the ground, wither wholly away. But when it begins to throw up a ftalk, the circulation grows very ftrong, and this part is generally compleated and fully adorned with its bloffoms in a few weeks: the natural operations of propagation are then carried on with great vigour, and the whole top foon after appears adorned with a thoufand vegetated feeds; or rather plants, furnifhed with a convenient number of roots and leaves, to feek and raife the neceffary food, whenever they fall from the parent-ftalk ; but this feldom happens until they have acquired a ftated degree of. perfection, and then they are blown off gradually by every wind that fhakes the withering ftem, which, with the leaves, now dies gradually away, and ends its life with the completion of the laft, leaving fo many thoufands to renew the kind, è . The leaves of A Pu ve rcu Juceuient, and generally ufed to: {cour both floors and kitchen-utenfils, in moft of the fugar-colonies in America, . The, pulp is a warm pungent deterfive, and would probably prove a very active, medicine in many cafes, had it been properly prepared, and adminiftered with caution. . The inward fpungy fubftance of the decayed ftalk takes wetted” gy when tho- roughly dried ; and for this reafon is generally ufed inftead ander, by moft tra- vellers, and all mariners that refort to thofe parts. PARSONSIA 1. Herbacea, foliis ovatis oppofitis, foribus fingularibus foliis a ad alterutrum latus interpofitis... 'Yab. 21. f. 2. | eve The {mall reclining Parfonfia. * Periantium Monopbyllum tubulatum firiatum, bafi leniter ventricofo, ore ex denticulis (quandoque tantum quinis) ornato. Corolla Petala fex oblonga emarginata patula, unguibus teretibus parieti calicis adnata. | Stamina. Filamenta fex inequalia, ex infima tubi parte orta, longitudine — €alicis, anthere fubrotunde, in fauce tubi locate. Piftllum. | Germen oblongum liberum in fundo calicis fitum; ftylus brevis ; ftigma obtufiufculum. . Pericarpium, 200 TH ES BOAT EU BAB HIB PORY: Pericarpium, | Caffula tenuis membranacea oblongo-ovato umlocularis, intra calicem fita. Semina, Bina, quaterna, vel fena, orbiculata compreffa, ^ placentule adnata. This little plant grows pretty common in Clarendon- Park, and is fometimes found in the Savannas about Spanifb Town. ~ Yt riles ftom a fmall fibrous root, and fhoots in an oblique direction, but feldom exceeds ten or fourteen inches in length. The ftalk is flender, and throws out a few {mall branches towards the top. ‘The leaves are fmall and oppofite, and the flowers rife fingle from tbe intermediate fpace be- tween the leaves, on the one fide or the other, but feldom or never on both. I have called it after Dr. Parfons, who has publifhed a treatife on the feeds of vegetables, and many other curious remarks on different parts of natural hiftory. ACHRAS r. Fruétu eliptico fcabro majori, foribus folitariis alaribus, cica- triculd feminis ultra mucronem porrečtá. Tab. 19. f. 3. The Sapedillia Free. Periantium Hexapbyllum, laciniis ovato-acuminatis perfifientibus, tribus ` magis externe fitis; vovv. on | Corolla Monopetala tubulata erecta, fere equalis ; limbus. in Jex partes breves € acutas fectus. Ne&arium. E fauce tubi furgunt nectaria quinque, oblonga, compreffa, conniventia; | incifurts. floris. fuppofita, ©. laciniis fere mila. ` | Stamina. Filamenta fex brevia, e tubo corolle orta, €2 antheris cordato- Jagittatis in fauceque fitis, predita. Pifilum. Germen ovatum, umbilico villofo circumduédtum ; ftylus brevis. ~~ craffus; igma obtufum, truncato-radiatum. ` Pericarpium. ^ Bacca fucculenta fubrotunda duodecimlocularis. Semina Nuclei folitarii (fed maxima parte plerumque abortiunt) naucis pro- priis nitidis fuboffeis, ad alteram marginem cicatricuMd rugofd notatis, fecit. ` This tree is cultivated in many gardens in Jamaica, and rifes, like moft of the other fpecies, to.a confiderable height, throwing out its branches on all fides as it fhoots: the leaves are fmooth and beautiful, and the fruit, which generally grows among them, of a moderate fize, and when ripe, of a delicate mellow talite. All the tender parts of thefe trees are full of a milky juice, which is extremely harfh and bitterith ; but the fruit, tho’ full of this, while young, is very fweet and agree- able when it ripens, which it generally does upon the tree; but if full grown, it will foften and maturate.in a few days, tho’ plucked from the branch. © The fhells that cover the feeds of thefe plants are generally of a fhining or gloffy brown caft; but the inward edge, or margin, is always whitifh and rugged. The kernel bas a bitter tafte, and may be ufed occafionally in ftrengthening emulfions. TOES reviort. | Sapota. ` Plum. t. 4. Anona xdi V. ii, t. 87, ACHRAS 2. Brachiatus diffufus, fructu fubrotundo, cicatriculd mucrone a Anona folii Taurinis glabris, &c. Slo. Cat. 206, b EI NIberty 1 tec. i j ai tiedn 9t ACHRAS P OR sf AAMA € X. 201 ACHRAS 3. Caudice altiffimo, fructu minori, femine mucronato. Anona maxima, Gc. Slo. Cat. 206. & H: t. 169. The Bully, or Nifberry Bully-Tree. This is called the Bully-tree, becaufe it generally grows the talleft of all the trees in the woods: its fruit is fmall, and the feeds oblong and narrow. It is efteemed one of the beft timber-trees in Jamaica: ACHRAS 4. Fruétu horiacen Jubrotundo verucofo, feminibus anguftis, margi- nibus rectis. An, Xylobocion baccifera frondofa: Pki ti 238. f..1. by the name of. Beef- wood by moft: people in Ya- TTE This tree is commonly call ON. maica, from the flefhy col Ter ACHRAS 5. Fruciu maximo ovato, feminibus paucioribus oblongis turgidis. Malus Perfica maxima foliis magnis integris. Slo. Cat. 180. & H. t. 218, The Mamee-fapote Tree. ACHRAS? 6. Fruétibus minoribus glabris per ramos Jbarfis, feminibus fubro- - fundis, cicatriculá minimá ovatd, The Baftard Bully-Tree. ACHRAS? 7. Fruétu minori glabro, foliis ovatis, floribus confertis alaribus. ~The Mountain Baftard Bully-Tree. ACHRAS? 8. Foliis oblongis nitidis utrinque productis, floribus confertis, fafci- culis infra frondes [barfis. Tab. 17. fig. 4. Salicis folio lato /plendente arbor, Ge, Slo. Cat. 170. & H. t. 206. |. The White. Bully- Tree, or GaZzieta-wood. Periantium Parvum penta- vel bexapbylum, foliolis gione cus. EI E E Corolla. Monopetala campanulata, calice major; litibus in quinque vel fex Ne&arium. E fauce tubi furgunt neQaria totidem lacerata, latinis foris interpofita fed breviora, conniventia. Stamina. Filamenta quinque vel fex flore longiora, laciniis corolle fuppo- EM ta & e tubo orta; anthere oblonga. ` : Piftillum. Germen fubrotundum ; ftylus brevis; ftigma craffufeulum. Pericarpium, Bacca fucculenta bilocularis, “An quinque 10 vel 12 locularis . in germine t Semina. Nuclei folitarti oblongi, naucis propriis atronitentibus fulco longi- tudinalt notatis, tectt. l This tree grows to a confiderable height, and is generally furnifhed with many. branches towards the top; but thefe rife irregularly, andat diftant ftages, as they ufually appesr in moft of our Firrs in Europe. It is commonly obferved to grow ftraight and tapering, and moft frequently found in the lower lands, efpecially about Liguanea and Mangeneel: it is of a pale yellow colour, and reckoned a good timber- wood, but is moftly ufed in fuch parts of the building asare leaft expofed to the weather, The berries of this tree are black, fmooth, and very fmall; and no part of the plant milky. All the fpecies of this genus are found either growing naturally in the woods, or cultivated in the | Ggg : gardens, 'APPIREPN A. LY 24 rá ^ j n ap 7992 29 9 Jun 164 EH EAN OA TUER O^ BH STORY gardens, for the fake of their fruit, which is generally agreeable in moft of the forts, efpecially the firft five ; but the laft of thefe thrives only in a few parts of the illand: its fruit is very large and pleafant, and its feeds proportioned, = mode- rately tumid, having feldom more than one or. two that come to perfecti The bark of each of the. firft four fpecies is reckoned» very siriniéat; ‘and all indifcriminately now go by the name of Cortex Jamaicenfis; their bitter afiringent tate having for a time impofed on fome of the people, who thought either the one or the other to be the true Tefuits Bark, and on this account had frequently admi- niftered them among the negroes, where they were often obferved to anfwer all the put- pofes of that medicine, as all bitter aftringents will do in robuft conftitutions, when the diteafe don immediately from a weaknefs of the vifcera, and a grofs undi- gelted chyle: this brought them firft into fome vogue, and they have been frequently, fince that time, brought into England for further « experiments ; but are much more likely to prove fucccísful here than in America, where thofe fevers that generally put on the appearance of intermittents, are attended witb nervous fymptoms, and often mortal; therefore muft require medicines that act more effectually on the whole habit, and whofe a&ive particles can ftimulate and provoke the ofcillations of the nervous filaments in the more remote parts of the body, Thefe different barks yield a large quantity of extract, which in tafte and appearance feems to be the fame with that of the Sefuits Bark, which has occafioned it to be frequently fubftituted in the room of that drug ; and this, I am perfuaded, coft many a life in thofe colonies, where remittent fevers are fo frequent and mortal. It is, however, an excellent aftringent, and a very convenient and elegant preparation in that form, which may be adminiftered with great propriety and faccefs, whenever aftringents of a long continued action are properly required, CORDIA 1. Foliis amplioribus birtis ovatis, tubo Viet iere Cordia foliis oblongo-ovatis repandis feabris. L. Sp. Pl Cariophyllus /purius inodorus, &c. Slo. Cat. & Hot 164. The bufhy Cordia, with large fcarlet flowers. Periantium Monopbyllum tubulatum firiatum equale, ore tridentato eredi. Corolla Monopetala tubulata, fatis ampla, fere infundibuliformis : tubus rectus cylindraceus fubfiriatus, vix ampliatus, calice duplo-lon- ; is gior; limbus amplus patens crifpatus, in fex Jegmentas fubful- catas obtufas ad trientem divifus. Stamina. Filamenta fex tubo corolle ad faucem fere adnata, fuperne libe- ra erecta, tubo faris paulo longiora; anthers angufle ob- longe. Piftillum. poe ovatum calice immerfum; ftylus erectus, longitudine Jere tubi corollæ, Juperne bipartitus, laciniis remotis bifi- dis; Ítigmata oblonga, ex parte adnata, defluxa, Eericatprum. Drupa ovata calice diflento tecta fed non adnata, nauco lignofo uadriloculari referta. : Semina. Solitaria, fed, preter unum vel alterum, plerumque abortiunt. T his fhrub grows on the banks above the beech lying. between the fmall Lagoon eaftward of Kingfion, and Capt. Cornij/h’s ; and is faid to grow in great - abundance on thofe little iflands about O/d-harbour, It feldom rifes more than fe- ven or eight feet above the root, and is furnifhed with rough oyal leaves, and adorned with large bunches of fine ícarlet flowers, the moft beautiful and agree- able of any I have yet obferved in. America; but the form of them is quite different from that delineated by Plumier, wherein ihe tube fwells above the cup, and con- fequently muft be confidered as a different fpecies. This would make a moft agreeable flowering-fhrub in a garden or a ee ft; and “may probably. be ufeful, coul M x iinan, e ER dd mk: k Je "ODDS RS ete be's, i ^S Df» JHAUM gayi € A. 203 could it be brought to bear pertant fruit, which it hardly ever docs in the ftate I have obferved it. Siwr e sed why AL Of fuch as have fx Filaments and two Styles zz every Flower. RYZA 1. Culmo fubftriato aa Af fuie Sharla Oryza. Rau Hift. . Slo, Cat. 24. & L Oryza. L. Sp. Plant. This plant is now cultivated in fmall {pots in many parts of Jamaica, and thrives extremely well in moft of the moift bottoms between the mountains. Mr. Wallen planted fome at the Ferry,>a little before I left that ifland, but I could not yet learn how it fucceeded there. Tt is. a pee: eor: ve ben beneficial whenever it ‘thrives: it grows almoft like Uats; 1251 S E. QU TET IH Of Vegetables that have fix Filaments and three Styles iz every Flower. UMEX 1. Sylvefiris fcandens, foliis saci. med ab altera parte ma- oribus. An, Begodla: L. & Plümeri. Gen. Aceris fructu berba anomala, flore ENT ton E Cat. 83. & H; T feria erint H. M. p: g. t. 86. The large climbing Sorrel: This plant is very common in the woods of Jamaica, and raifes itfelf frequently to a confiderable height by the help of the neighbouring fhrubs. The leaves are of an _irregular heart-form, and generally increafe more from one fide of the mid- dle vein or rib than they do of the other. The whole plant joins a bitter with the acid, which chiefly prevails; but when it grows in a more free and open air, the flowers have an agreeable flavour, and are fometimes ufed in making of whey, where wine can't be admitted, and the gus acids are thought too active and irri- tating for the flomache- <2 union bo. 299356 22495 SAURURUS 1. Fols amplis erbiculato-tordatis, fit aperto, pias vagi- nantibus. Aquaxima. Pif 197. Piper longum racemofum malvaceum, &c. . Slo. Cat..45. The. open-leafed. Colt’s-foot, or Santa-Maria leaf. This plant is very common in the woods of "Yamaica, and feldom rifes more than three ór four fest above the roots =the leaves are very large and round, and the foot-ftalks, embrace the ftem. at the infertion. . Pi/o affirms, that the root of this plant is.a warm, active remedy againft poifons, There is a fyrup made of it, in many. parts, of our ABP Pon, which. is much. ufed by the inhabitants in 3 THOGE colds and catarrhs, yiri at. bos m SAURURUS 2, Foliis inp rah I ti peltatis; pi ir ea The larger T s fat, with umbla leaves. | This 4304 THEY*NA FURAL.HISTORY This is only a variation of the foregoing, or is fo like it, that the difpofition of the finus of the leaves makes the whole difference between them: it is not, how- ever, ufed like the other in thofe colonies. SAURURUS 3. Repens foliis craffis fubrotundis glabris, [picis terminalibus. The {maller creeping Saururus, with roundifh fucculent leaves. SAURURUS 4. Major repens, foliis craffis obverfe-ovatis, bafi anguflatis & mbriatis. Piper longum bumilius, &c. Slo. Cat. 45. The larger creeping Saururus, with thick oval leaves. SAURURUS z. Refens, foliis parvis oblongis craffis € fucculentis. The creeping Saururus, with oblong leaves. SAURURUS 6.. Minimus repens foliis orbiculatis tumentibus. Piper longum minimum herbaceum [candens rotundifolium. | Slo. Cat, 45. The fmall creeping Sawrurus, with round {welling leaves. SAURURUS 7. Minor repens foliis cordatis quingue- vel febtinerviis. The fmall creeping Saururus, with nervous leaves. SAURURUS 8, Ereétus minor, foliis orbiculatis verticillatis tumentibus, Jpicis terminalibus, The fmaller ere& Saururus, with round verticillated leaves. SAURURUS 9. Ereétus minor foliis ovatis trinerviis verticillatis, Spica multiplici. The fmaller erect Saururus, with veined verticillated leaves. SAURURUS? 10. Afurgens fimplex, foliis trinervits lanceolatis oppofitis, pe- tiolis brevibus. | | I have found all thefe fmall fpecies of the Seururus in the woods of Jamaica, and can avouch them to be very different from each other in the general form and texture of their parts; but none of them exceed èight or ten inches in length. The laft plant rifes above eighteen or twenty inches, by a fimple ftalk: I have found it about the Upper Water-fall in Hope-river, but do not know if it be really of this kind, as I never had an opportunity of fecing it in bloflom. SE. To. IV. | Of Plants that have fix Filaments and many Styles in every Flower. LISMA r. Foliis lunulato-fagittatis venofis, [capo affurgenti ramofo, angulate- ^0 Jülcato s ramulis ternatis, verticillato-verticillatis, Alifma foliis cordatis obtufis. L. Sp. PI. Sagitta, Caft. Dur. &c. Slo. Cat. 76. Culi-tamara, H.M. p.11, t. 45. The Great Water-Plantain. 1 This O F J MC MACAI A: 205 . This plant grows very common in all the ftagnating waters about the Ferry, and rifes generally to the height of two or three feet above the root: all the flowers are hermaphrodite, and furnifhed each with twelve filaments, and a numerous family of gems, or germens. The whole plant has fo much the appearance of an arrow- head, that it feems to have exchanged flowers with the plant we defcribe under that denomination, which has all the appearance of a Water-Plantain though it anfwers the characters of the other very perfe&ly. Gib Wk 5. S VIE . Of the Heptaudria, or Vegetables that have feven Filaments in every Flower. mou Oo. TU TE Of Juch as have [even Filaments and one Style in every Flower. OMINIA 1. Arborea foliis undulatis pinnato-ternatis, floribus minimis, ; racemis terminalibus. . . Baccifera Indica trifolia, fructu rotundo monopyreno, &c. Raii. & Slo. Cat. 170. & H. t.2c8. ; 3 Arbor Jamaicenfis denfiori tiliæ folio, &c. Pk. t. 147. f. 5. — The trifoliated Cominia. Periantium Minimum coloratum, quafi triphyllum. | Corolla Irregularis; monopetala videtur quadri- vel quinquecrenata. Stamina. Filamenta feptem brevia; anthere oblongo-ovate. — Piftillum. Germen parvum fubrotundum; fkylus erectus fimplex, flore lon- gior ; ftigma bipartitum laciniis revolutis. Pericarpium. © Bacca parva fubrotunda unilocularis, rubra. — -— Semen . Selitarium fübcompreffum, orbiculatum, nauco fragili tectum. This little tree is frequent about the Angels, and in the upper parts of Liguanea; it grows in the hedges, and feldom rifes above eight or ten feet in height: the leaves are roundith, and the berries very thick and (mall. The whole. plant feems to have fomething of the appearance of a Rbys ioni bir Poa K AE dk I have defcribed the characters exa&ly as I have obferved them in the frefh fpeci- mens; but they are very fmall, and not eafily obferved, even by the help of glaffes. HALESIA 1. Arborefcens, foliis fubrotundis fubtus argenteis y [picis florum bi- geminis, fuftentacults longis alaribus infidentibus, "Yab. 20, f. 1. "rhe round-leafed Halfa. = Periantium Monopbyllum breve, tubulatum, fere truncatum, praegnans. ` Corolla Monopetala tubulata; tubus angufius equalis cylindraceus, calice - š -quadruplo longior. limbus patens, im quatuor, quinque, wel Jex lacinias oblongas obtufas equales ad bafim fectus. f Stamina. Fřamenta, ut plurimum feptem (quandoque pauciora) brevia S ex tubo natas anthere oblonge fagitiate, in fauce floris fite, . Pittillum. Germen fubrotundum deprej]um im fundo calicis fitum & adna- ; tum; ftylus fimplex affurgens ; igma oblongum, obtufrufculum, inter antberas locatum. aid i Pericarpium. Bacca videtur quadri- vel plurilocularis feminibus foit referta, calice tecla & coronata. : Hhh hd 206 T HUE NATUR ASLIHIS'DORY This fmall tree grows: pretty frequent in Sixteen-mile-walk, and may be always feen in the fmall wood beyond the church: the bark is fmooth, and the ‘leaves large and rouñdifh. The plant feldom rifes above eight or ten feet in height, or exceeds three or four inches in diameter, and the difpofition of the flowers is very remark- able, as well as the texture and form of the leaves: I have not feen any of the fruit in a ‘per feat ftate. It is called after the reverend Dr. Hales, author of the Vegetable Statics, &c. one of the greateft philofophers of the prefent age. Goh COS. VIH. Of the Oc/andria, or Vegetables that have eight 77/7- ments m every Flower. P RR C. 1. iL Of s as have eight Filaments and one Style in every Flower. ALIMUS 1. Minimus, foliolis oblongis fucculentis tumentibus, fummis ra- mulis denfifime fitis, An, Portulaca erecta fedi minoris facie, &c. Slo. Cat, 88. & H. t. 129? The fmaller woolly Halimus. Periantium — Bzpbyllum minimum, Joliolis lanceolatis. Corolla Monopetala campanulata, in ‘enw lacinias ovatas erecio-patentes profunde fecta. queue Filamenta octo, vp decem; quandoque pauciora, erecta , al- ternis minoribus: Anthere Jübrotundz, > Pifülum. Germen ovatum parvum; ftylus fimplex longitudine flaminum ftigma obtufum tri- vel quadripartitum. ~ Pericarpium. Capfula f ficca membranacea fubrotunda, unilocularis, in quat partes equales borizontaliter debifcens. Semina Pauca fubrotunda, funiculis propriis fundo capfule affixa. This little plant i is frequent in the dry Sevannas about Spanifb Town and Ki ngs flon: it grows in beds, and fpreads a little upon the ground, but the ftems feldom ` exceed two or three inches i in length : the leaves are difpofed pretty thick at the top of the branches, and the flowers blow in the center of them. There i$. a fort- of cotton fhoots about the flowers, as the weed grows old, wbich in time Fen over moft parts of the plant. | SAPINDUS 1. Foliis ains vix petiolatis, per cofam ample alatam dif- pofitis. Sapindus. L. Gen. & H.C. Sapindus folis pinnatis. L. Sp. Pl. Prunifera racemofa folio alato, &c. Slo. Cat. 184. & H. ii, 131. Prunifera five nuciprunifera, Pk. t. 217. 7. Guity "ifoni: ; 162. e The Soap Tree. Stamina — inferne birfuta, longitudine fere floris; antherz, erecta ordatee. y Piftillum. Bra ovatum brilobon; quandoque quadrilobum s ftylüs. brevis Simplex, fligma obtufiufculum. Czxtera ut in Linneo. This Q4q:i] Bi Wd 0c A 207 This (hrubby tree is very common in the Savannas to the ealtward of King flon and in many other places about the low lands. It branches pretty much towards the top, and feldom rifes above ten or fifteen feet in height: the leaves are always of yellowifh pale green, and the flowers fmall and white; and difpofed in loofe bunches at the tops and fides of the branches. The feed-veffels of this plant are very deterfive and acrid; they lather freely in water, and are frequently uled inftead of foap; for a few of them will cleanfe more linnen than fixty times the weight of that compofition; but they are rather too fharp, and obferved to corrode or burn the linen in time; and the water, in which the tops or leaves have been fteeped or boiled, are obferved to have the fame quality in fome degree. The feeds of this tree are round and hard, have a fine polifh, and are frequently made into buttons and beads among the Spaniards. The whole plant, efpecially the feed-capfules, being pounded and fteeped in ponds, rivulets, or creeks, are obferved to intoxicate and kill the fifh. SAPINDUS 2. Fruticofus caudice 2 ramis fpinofifimis, filiis ovatis pinnatis. ab. 20. f. 2. | T An, Sapindus, &c. Pk. t. 392. f. 1? | The Licca Tree. I found this fhrub in the Borough in St. fames’s: it is very remarkable for the pricklinefs of its trunk, which feldom exceeds feven or eight feet in height, or two or three inches in diameter. The fruit of this tree is much fmaller than that of the other fpecies; and though the embrio’s are always trilocular, as in the other, no more than one of the cells and feeds ever grows to perfection: the capfule are, however, marked with longitudinal futures, that run down between the two abor- tive embrio's, which have been formed by the laceration of the ftyle in the growth of one of the loculaments ; for there is no more than one ftyle in any of the flowers of theíc fpecies. X oe aliis peltatis orbiculatis. Indian Cre&. Whether this plant was introduced to famazica, or be a native of that place, is not certain. It grows and thrives very luxuriantly in the cooler mountains of New Li- guanea, and runs frequently to the length of fifteen or twenty feet from the root. The flowers have a great deal of the tafte of water or garden-creffes, and may be ufed with equal propriety in fallets. It is a beautiful flowering-plant, and makes a pretty appearance in all the gardens of New Liguanea, + ‘ "TROPEOLUM 1. Foliis fubquinguelobis peltatis, petalis obtufis. L. Sp. PI. . "Tropeolui i oHG oi | DODONEA. I. Arborefcens, foliis. pinnatis ovatis glabris alternis inte- gerrimis, cofla marginata, racemis terminatricibus. The fmooth-leafed Dodonea. Periantium Parvum monophyllum, ad medietatem in quinque partes fetum. Corolla Nula. 3 rp ME P Stamina. Filamenta oto, quandoque pauciora, brevia. Antheræ oblonge. Pifillum. Germen fubrotundum; ftylus brevis fimplex; ftigma trilobum. Pericarpium. Capfula Jübrotunda £riloba trilocularis. .. Semina Solitaria. Me I found this tree in the upper parts of S/xzeen-mile-walk ;, and below the Decoy, - * i i E T M », j A bt ` & ix 4 in Tt mountains of St. Mary's | DOES YPELATE 208 TH RM NMATURABiHISTORY HYPELATE 1. Fruticofa, foliis obovatis pinnato-ternatis, petiol mar- ginato affixis, The trifoliated Hypelate. Periantum — Tezrapbyllum, foliatis ovatis. Corolla — Tezrapetala tenuis; petalis ovatis foliolis calicis fimilibus. Nectarium. Umbilicus carnofus germini circumdudtus. | Stamina, Filamenta o&fo, germen inter & umbilicum enata; inde deflexa, € umbilico quafi adnata ; fuperne libera, erecio-batentia. An- there /ubrotunde. Piftillum. | Germen minimum oblongum angulatum truncatum; ftylus brevis; ftigma acutum. This fhrubby tree is very common in the low lands, and feldom rifes above eight or nine feet in height. It is full of flender branches, and furnifhed with many leaves of the fame texture and grain with thofe of Lignum-vite; they are, how- ever, remarkably different both in form and difpofition. I have never feen the ^ fruit of this plant in the perfect ftate, OENOTHERA 1. Afurgens glabra, foliis lanceolatis alternis integerrimis, floribus folitariis alaribus. : The fmooth Primrofe-willow. OENOTHERA 2. Afurgens birfuta, floribus folitartis. The hairy Primrofe-willow.- OENOTHERA 3. Herbacea repens, NES _ The fmall creeping Primrofe-willow. hi: Thefe three fpecies are natives of Yamaica, and found about moft of the rivulets, . lagoons, and marfhy lands in the ifland : the laft fort is frequent in the low lands about Plantain-garden river. All the plants of this tribe are mild fubaftringents and vulneraries, which may be very properly adminiftered in infufions, upon all occa- fions were fuch medicines are required. AMYRIS. 1. Arboreus, foliis bijugatis ovatis glabris, racemis laxis termina- libus ; ‘ 1DAS. Lauro affinis, & lignum Rodium. Slo, Cat. 137. & H. t. 168. White Candlewood, or Rofe-wood. Periantium Minimum monopbyllum quadridentatum. Corolla Tetrapetala, petalis oblongo-ovatis, etate refficlentibus, cita de- ` ciduis. | Stamina. Filamenta olo erecta, quorum quatuor ceteris paulo breviora funt ji & petalis Juppofita; anthere fubrotunde. ~ ` Piftüllum. Germen oblengo-ovatum ; ftylus nullus vel brevifimus ; ftigma : obtufum fubrotundum. Pericarpium. Bacca oblongo-ovata unilocularis, nucellé unicd, quandoque ge- mina, folida, uniloculari referta. , This tree is found in the woods of Sz. Ann’s, and thofe back of Bull-bay, in the parifh of Port-Royal 3 it grows to a confiderable fize, and is confidered as one of the moft valuable timber-trees in the ifland, but is not common. ‘Fhe wood is white, and of a curled grain when young, but grows of a dirty clouded a(h-colour with age: it bears a fine polith, and has a fine fmell. The younger trees are fre- quently cut for fire-wood in the mountains; they are full of refin, burn very freely, an OTF i fi A MSA T CLA. 209 and with a moft agreeable fmell. The wood is heavy, and in great Vogue among our cabinet-makers, All the parts of this tree are full of warm, aromatic particles, and may be ufed in baths and fermentations, upon occafion. The berries are of an eblong form, and have much of the tafte of the balfam Copaiba. AMYRIS 2. Fruticofus minor, foliis orbiculatis venofis, pinnato-ternatis; ra- cemis terminatricibus, The fmaller fhrubby Sweetwood. This little plant is very common in the hills about the Ferry; it grows chiefly among the rocks, and feldom rifes above four or five feet in height, or exceeds an inch and a half in diameter, The leaves are very round, and diftant from one another; and the flowers fimall, and difpofed in loofe bunches at the tops of the branches, The leaves and outward parts of this (hrub have no remarkable warmth, nor does the trunk burn with that fragrance, tho’ it contains a great quantity of the like aromatic particles. AMYRIS? 3. Arborefcens foliis ovatis glabris, vetuflioribus confertis; petiolis ubmargtinatis , floribus folitarits. The bufhy Amyris. Periantium Monopbyllum minimum quadridentatum. Corolla Tetrapetala, petalis lanceolatis, ere&to-patentibus, refletfentibus, in~ terne verfus bafim birfutis. Stamina, Filamenta o€fo, corollá. dimidio breviora; anthere oblonga. Piftillum. Germen ovatum; ftylus fimplex longitudine flaminum; ftigma obtufiufculum.. Pericarpium; Drupa baccave oblongo-ovata unilocularis, nuculo unico uni- loculari referta. I1 found this fhrubby tree in the road near the river Grandee in St. George's ; it was very bufhy, and divided much towards the top, tho’ not above eight or nine feet in height. The trunk of the tree was about four inches and a half in diameter, and very fimple towards the root: the leaves are not above an inch in length, of an oval form, and difpofed very thick uopn the {maller branches, COCCOLOBIS. r. Foliis eraffis orbiculatis, finu aperto. Uvifera foliis fubrotundis amplifmis. L. H.C. & Polygonum foliis fubrotundis caule arboreo, &c. Sp. PI. Uvifera littorea foliis amplioribus, &c. Pk. t. 236. f. 7. Prunus maritima, &c. Slo. t. 129. & Cateíb. ii, t. 96. Nuli Tali. H. M, p. 4. t. 56 & 32. , The Mangrove or Sea-fide Grape. Periantium* Monophyllum perfiflens, in quinque lacinias coloratas obovato- oblongas, erecto-patentes, ad bafim fetum, — Corolla. Nulla. Ne&arium? Umbilicus carnofus germen cingit. Stamina. Filamenta offo, quandoque feptem vel pauciora, erecto-patentia ( laciniis calicis breviora €9 ex umbilico orta, decidua. Piüilum. Germen ovatum; ftylus brevis ; ftigma laceratum. ; Pericarpium. Calix, fof) flaminum delapfum, erigitur, germen involvit, ac- | crefcit, & abit in baccam fucculentam fubrotundam uni- locularem, ad apicem ftellatam., T Semen, Nucleus unicus cordato ovatus bafi quinquelobus, nauco tenui lignofo techus. : Iii This ai6 T H E^AN:A T URNA I HISTORY - This treé is common in moft of the fagar-colonies, and is generally. found’ near the fea. It grows frequently to a confiderable fize, and is then looked upon as a beautiful wood for all forts of cabinet-ware, but it feldom rifes ftraight or regular. The leaves ate large, round, fmooth, thick, and open at the bafe; the foot-ftalks are ftrong, and vaginated at the bottom in all the fpecies, and the flowers {malj and placed on flender fpikes at their alz. The berries are generally about the fize of common grapes ; they have an agrecable flavour, but the pulp is not confiderable. The kernel is lobed at the bottom; it isa very great aftringent, and may be, ufed in eniulfions,. bolus’s, or electuaries, of that na- ture, with great propriety ; but its action is not of a long continuance: it has all the tafte of "Biflart. COCCOLOBIS 2. Arborea foliis orbiculatis integris. An, Scortea arbor Americana, Xe.” PK. t:'222. f. 8. vel 431. f. 6? . The Grape-'Tree, » with whole leaves. This tree is very common between King /lon and Bull-bay; but it feldom rifes above five or eight feet in height... The berries of this creas are not efteemed. COCCOLOBIS 3. Foliis ‘oblongo- ovatis venofis, uvis minoribus pundlatis. Uvifera arbor Americana fructu pundtato. Pk. t. 237. f. 4. The chequered Grape- Tree. COCCOLOBIS 4. Montana major arborea, foliis — cortice levi. RA uncos montana. Pk... 363. fog. "Phe Mountain: Èri DETE - "This tree is frequent about the Crofi in Cornii dt t grows toa xortfiderable fize, and is looked upon as a fine timber-wood. | COCCOLOBIS ?.; 5. Frets fos PRETA frati minori tr omni The fmall ipie with: dry erin lar berries. This tree grows among the rocks in the hills above Bull-bay. The cup is feldom divided into more than three parts, and the nut is MITT but all the outward . parts, and the natural appearance of the: plants; agree; »° The bark and kernels of all the fpecies are looked upon as Dove ingent; and the flowers are ums abet on imple: pte in each of them. MELICOCCUS Lh Fols ut owes poses ovatis, per pe alatas difpofitis. , Nux Americana, cofa foliorum appendiculis aucta, Pk. t 209. fu The Genip Tree. Periantium. Parvum monophyllum, in quátuor lacinias lanealatosovatas, pa- tentes. profunde fectum. corollas | Petala. quatuor oblonga, ad intifuras calicis fere fita. Stamina, Filamenta oéto brevia, erecta, im orbem circa germen pofita, ad im fere adnata ; ; àntherz erecta oblonga. um; ftylus brevis ; {tizma vaginitis Š Heec Bacca si bilocularis binis mileis naucis propriis Jubofjeis B glabris tectis, eatin UP | I This OTRE: F AMAIA T CA: AR This tree was brought to Yamaica from Surinam, and is cultivated with great care by one Guaf, a Jew. It thrives very well in the low lands about King fton, and rifes fometimes to the height of fixteen or eighteen feet, or better. The fruit is very mellow, and grows to the fize of a large plumb; but it feldom brings more than one ftone or feed to perfection, and that is generally found in the center. RHIZOPHORA ‘1. Utringue brachiata; foliis eliptico-ovatis, fummis ramis ifpofitis. Rhizophora foliis nate Jructibus fubulato-clavatis.. L. Sp. PI. The Mangrove of Catefb, ii. t.63. ` Mangle arbor pirifolia, &c. Pk. t. 204. f. 9. . Mangle pirifoha cum filiquis longis, &c. Slo. Cate15 5. - Kandel, H.M. p. 6. t. 34. Guaparaiba.- Pif. 204. E The Mangrove, or Black Mangrove Tree. This tree is generally found on the borders of the fea, in whofe waters alone it feems to thrive ; and there, only in fuch places as have a foft and yielding bottom. Its larger branches frequently emit {oft and weakly appendicles, that have the appear- ance of fo many. flender aphyllous branches, and bend always downwards: but as thefe are fofter, and furnithed each with a large column of a lax fpongy pith in the center; they grow more luxuriantly than the other parts of the tree, and reach the mud in a fhort time; where they throw out a numberlefs feries of flender fibres, which in time turn into roots, to fupply the ftem more copioufly with nourifh- ment, while they become fo many props or,limbs to the parent tree. Thus it conti- nues to enlarge its bulk, as its weight increafes, or its branches fpread, (thefe con- ftantly throwing out new appendicles as they multiply their fhoots;) and by thofe means forms thofe interwoven groves we fo frequently meet with on the fea-fhore in thofe parts of the world; which, befides many, other advantages, ferve to flop the mould that is conftantly wafhed down by thofe rapid floods that come from the in- land parts; aid. thereby, in time, turn; what might have otherwife continued ufelefs ponds, or open creeks, into rich and fertile fields. The fruit of this tree germinates within the cup, and grows from the top down- wards, until it acquires a due degree of weight and perfection: then it alls off ; and as the root part is always thickeft, and hangs loweft, it drops in that direction, and is thus received in the natural poüition in the mud below: the leaves im- mediately unfold, and in a few minutes you fee a perfect plant, fometimes of ten or twelve inches in length, which foon begins to fhoot its roots, and pufh its growth like the parent ftem; for the germen is frequently a foot in length before it falls, and always furnifhed with two leaves at the top; but thefe are folded up and inclofed within the cup while it continues upon the tree, . "phe trunk of the Mangrove feldom grows to any confiderable thicknefs, but the wood is very tough and hard, bears the water well, and is much ufed for knees and ribs in long-boats, and other fmall craft; for wbich the archings and angles of its limbs moft naturally adapt it. Its lower branches become frequently the fupporters - of the American oyfter, which has given rife to the fabulous account of the growth of this fhell-fifb. Pif fays, that a piece of the root toafted, and applied warm to the painful wounds infe&ed by the fting of the fifh Nigui, docs. foon quiet the pain. A N. B. The number of the Filaments varies from four to twelve, in the flowers of this plant; but eight is the moft conftant number of them in that, part of the svorld. TECG is THEANA T U.R?A LH IS TOR Y BEC MES E Of Juch as have eight Filaments and two Styles in every Flower. W' NDMANNIA 1. Fruticofa foliis Jubrotundis ferratis, per pennas cordato- alatas difpofitis; racemis terminalibus; pennis & ramis oppofitis. The flender Windmannia, with winged ribs. Periantium — Tetrapbyllum parvum, foliolis ovatis ereéto-patentibus. Corolla Tetrapetala, petalis foliolis calicis majoribus & alternatis. Stamina. Filamenta octo ere&fa, brevia; e finu petalorum floris & foliorum calicis pariter orta, Anthere /ubrotunda, Pifilum. Germen fubovatum; ftyli duo longitudine flaminum ; ftigmata Jübacuta fimplicia, Pericarpium. Capfula oblongo-ovata, coriacea, bilocularis, biroftrata, Seminibus fex vel ado. referta, parvis & fubrotundis. I have met with this elegant little fhrub on the top of the blue mountains in New Liguanea, in the road between Mr. “fones’s and Cold Spring; and have once before obferved it in the mountains above the fulphur, in Mount/erat, but never in any other part of either ifland. It rifes by a weakly flender ftem, and fhoots frequently to the height of fix or feven feet. The branches are few, (lender, and oppofite, as well as the ribs, which we have always found beautifully alated or winged between the leaves; but the flowers rife in loofe bunches at the extremities of the branches. The whole plant feems to have fomething of the appearance of a Sumack, ; S E COIN ‘Of Plants that have eight Filaments and three Styles in every Flower. p OLYGONUM 1. Tode floribus bexandris, flylis bifidis, vaginis fub- Polygonnm foribus yuan tak il foliis lanceolatis, flipulis fubmu- ticis. L.Sp. Perficaria procumbens pairs ma. Slo. Cat. 47. & H. t. 3. Scovanna-Mudela, &c. H.M. p. 12. t. 77. ' The fmooth Aríe-fmart. POLYGONUM rr. ponat vaginis fetofis, floribus oétandris, flylis tri- Polygonum foribus iis mer racemofis, caule patulo; L. Sp, Pl. Perficaria Maderafpatina, &vc. Pk. Phy. t. 210. f. 7. Velutta-Mudela. H.M. p. 12. * 76. The hairy Arfe-fmart. Both thefe plants grow naturally in Jamaica, and are very common about all the lagoons and rivulets in the ifland, PAULINIA 1. Sarmentofa, foliis ternato-ternatis, ad apices crenatis ; infimis minoribas, quandoque tantum auritis. Paulinia foliis C ER petiolis marginatis, L. Sp. Pl. Paulinia. H.C Planta Ee 4 ^ p cec oct i ROREM O FIHJ].JjA. M AT RIC A. 213 Planta fruticofa fcandens, &c. Slo. Cat. 214: & H. t. 231: Cordis Indi folio © facie frutefcens, &c. Pk. t. 168. f, 6. Cururu-ape. Pif. 250. Souple Jack. This plant is very common in the woods of Yamaica; it has a flender, lignous, flexile ftalk, and raifes itfelf frequently to a very confiderable height among the bufhes. The ftem of this plant is fo tough and yielding, that it is commonly cut into junks, barked, and ufed for riding-{witches, or carried in the hand, in thofe parts, as we do {mall ratans in Europes- i CARDIOSPERMUM 1. Scandens, foliis ternato-ternatis, acuminatis, : Jérratis. Cardiofpermum. L. H. C. & Sp. Pl. Cor Indum ampliori folio fructu majori. .'The. Zey. | sT he larger Cardiofpermum. CARDIOSPERMUM 2. Villofum, ftylo bifido, [laminibus fubcoalitis oppofito. The. Zey. Cor Indum //ve Halicacabum peregrinum minus, &c. The {maller hairy Cardio/permum. Both thefe plants are natives of "famaica,.and frequently found climbing in the lower woods. The firít fort is very common; it has but a flender ftem, and climbs to the top of the talleft trees in the forefts. I have feen only one or two plants of the other fort; they grow in the low lands towards the foot of the Long-mountain in the upper part of Liguanea: the leaves are minutely divided, and have fomething of the appearance of Par/ly. All the filaments of the flower are conneéted at the bafe in this laft fpecies; and difpofed, as it were, in a tuft on one fide, and oppofite to the //y/e. "S C I SC LS 7 Of the Ezzeazdria, or Plants that have nine Z7/z;ezts -——— in every Flower. PUE" C ^T. [. Of fuch as have nine Filaments and one Style in every Flower. (CT AURUS ır. Foliis ORO Rs, alternis, venofis ; racemis terminalibus, calici- bus fimplicibus. : Laurus foliis lanceolatis perennantibus venofis planis, floribus racemofis. L, Sp. Pl & Laurus folio longiore, &c. Slo. Cat, & H. t. 16 5. Laurus Carefb. t. 63. & Pk. t. 176. f. 2. | Sweetwood. This tree grows to a confiderable fize in Yamaica, and is looked upon as one of the beft timber-trees in the ifland: it grows in great abundance in the lower hills ; Kkk ae but zx THE ONATAUR ALIHIS DORY but its leaves vary between tlie oval and the oblong; according to the foil, and the age of the tree. ‘The wood, leaves, and flowers, have a very agreeable {mell. LAURUS 2. Foliis venofis ovatis, fructu majori, calicibus tumidis, laciniis reflexis. —— | Laurus, &c. Pk, t. 304: f. 1..& t. 369. f. 4. — Loblolly Whitewood, or white Sweetwood. I have feen this tree in the mountains af S7. Anns; its berries are as large as cherries, plump and black; and the cups pretty thick and fwelling. The leaves and tender fhoots is excellent fodder for all forts of cattle. LAURUS? 3. Foliis obverfà ovatis fubtus cinereis, fructibus oblongis fparfis, | calicibus deciduts. 'The fmaller Laurel, with oblong berries: I found this tree in the road between Mount Diable, and the thickets in Sz, Anns; it divided into a great number of branches toward the top, was about twelve feet in height, and four inches in.diameter near the root. The berries of this fpecies are oblong and even, of an ecliptic form, and feldom under an inch or better in length: they are of a black colour, very fucculent, and contain each a fingle bi- lóbed kernel, without any partial covering. Ishave not feen the.flowers, LAURUS? 4. Foliis oblongo-ovatis,. fructu :obverfe,ovato, pericarpio p» £yraceo. Laurus /f2/iis ovatis coriaceis, floribus corymbofis. L. Sp. Pl. Perfea Plum. t. 20. | c Prunifera arbor fruciu maximo, &c.. Slo. Cat. 19.5. & H. t. 222, Plotanus Mart. 5 13. | | =< The Avocato, or Alligator Pear-Tree. This tree grows commonly to-the fize -of our largeft apple-trees in Europe, and fpreads pretty wide at the top. The branches are very fucculent and foft; the leaves oblong and veiny, and the fruit of the form of a pear; but the pulp is covered with a tough fkinny coat,-and containsa large rugged feed, which is wrapped up in onewr-two thin membranous-covers. .The fruit af this tree is one of thofe that is held'in the*greateft-efteem, ‘among all forts-of people in thofe colonies ; ‘the pulp is of a pretty firm confiftenee, and has a.dclicate rich flavour: it gains upon the palate of moft people, and becomes foon agreeable even to thofe who cannot like it at firft; but is fo rich and mild, that moft people make ufe of fome fpice. or pungent fubftance to give it a poignancy); and for this purpofe, {fome make ufe of wine, fome of fugar, fome of lime-juice, but moft of pepper and falt. Moft forts of creatures are .obferved to feed on this fruit with pleafure ; and it feems equally agreeable to the horfe, the dog, the cow, ánd the cat, as well as to all forts of birds; and, when plenty, makes a great part of -the delicacies of ‘the negroes, The tree requires fome care, a rich foil, and a warm fituation, to raife it to. per- fection, It was firft introduced there from the continent, VOLKAMERIA 1. Arborea, foliis .oblongo-ovatis, alternis, fuperna glabris, b fubtus fubvillafs & nervofis; fjicis ramofis, termina- libus,. Tab. 21. f. 1. An, Baccifera arbor caliculata, foliis laurinis, &c. Slo. Cat. 165. & H: The Volkameria, with oblong ‘leaves.’ Periantium & Fey AM TIG A 215 Periantium — Monopbyllum campanulatum, ultra medietatem in quatuor vel quinque lacinias ovatas fectum. Corolla Monopetala, in quatuor vel quinque lacinias ovatas, conniventes, ad bafim fere fecta. i Stamina, Filamenta novem brevia; anthere cordate erele. Piftillum. Germen fubrotundum parvum, vaginuld urceolaté inclufum ; f ftyluś brevis fimplex ; ftgma trilobum, tripartitum, obtufum. Pericarpium, ge trilocularis, tribus feminibus oblongis, folitariis, re- eria. | This fhrubby tree is very common in Sixtcen-mile-walk, and rifes generally to the height of twelve or fourteen feet. It feems to have a near refemblance ` to the Locufi- berry tree, which we have placed among the Ma/pigia ; but it is really very different, for the parts and difpofition of the flowers are entirely peculiar, The filaments rife from the bottom of the flower, juft about the germen, and are not fo long as either the petals, or the cup. E. The flower-tops are rather fo many bunches compofed: of fimple fpikes, rifing gradually one above another; but each of the flowers are fupported by a fubulated ftipula, or ear, while young. We have called this tree by the name of Volkameria, to perpetuate the memory of that famous botanift; having ranged the fhrub that ufed to go under that deno- mination with the Clerodendrums, of which it is.a fpecies. MELANIUM 1. Herbaceum reclinatum, foliolis ovatis appofitis foribus fine gularibus ad alas alternas. | - The reclining Melanium, with fingle flowers, Periantium Monopbhyllum tubulatum, ad imum, ab altero latere, prominulum ; j tubus re&us equalis, ore in fex crenas fectus. Corolla Hexapetala, petalis oblongis fauci calicis adnatis. Stamina. Filamenta novem vel oclo, cum rudimento unius vel alterius, bre- via, inequalia, inferne tubo adnata; anthere cordate in fauce calicis fitæ, —Piftillum. Germen oblongum intra calicem fitum; fiylus fimplex longitu- — E dine fere flaminum; ftigma acutum. Pericarpium. | Cap/ula membranacea oblonga untlocularis. Semina Pauca (tria inter && fena) placentulis propriis adnata. .. 1 found this vegetable among the cane-pieces in Capt. Fuller's eftate at Luidas ; it is but a weakly plant, and grows generally with a flender ftem well fupplied with branches towards the-top. The whole plant has a difagreeable fharp fmell, which approaches much to that of the Guinea-Henweed, but is more fubtile and leís perceptible when placed clofe to the nofe. I had frequent occafions to obferve the fmell of this plant while it was under examination, but never found any more dif- agreeable befides that of the Guinea-Henweed. The leaves and flowers are very much like thofe of the Parfonfia, as well as the difpofition and make of the cap- fule, but that plant does not branch fo much, nor has it any thing of this fmell. Tam at a lofs whether to place it among the Enneandria or Decandria ; the number of the flower-leaves feems to clafs it with the former. GEASS 26 THE NAT URAL HISTORY Co pee s A | Of the Decandria, or Vegetables that have ten 77/z- ~ ments in every Flower. Sb C T. S Of fuch as have ten Filaments and one Style in every Flower. N, B. We place thofe that have their Filaments, in an erect and regular pofi- tion, before the reft. ARBILUS 1. Foliis cordato-ovatis nitidis pinnatis, "iie racemofis, cortice Jcabro. ‘The Barbilus, with pinnated leaves, or Baftard Iron-wood. `Periantium pins campanulatum, quandoque quadrifidum, quandoque uinquefidum. Corolla, Vel Pastas, vel pentapetala; petalis parvis lanceolatis, mar- gini interiori calicis affixis. Stamina, Filamenta vel ocfo, vel decem, compreffa oe dioe erecta, e fundo calicis orta; anthere parve ovate. Piftillum. Germen ovatum; ftylus brevis fimplex ; fima obtufiufculum, fubrotundum. Pericafpium, Capfula trilocularis ovata ; fingulis loculamentis Jeminibus binis refertis, ` This tree is very rare in Jamaica. I have feen it only once in the woods at the back of Bull-bay, where it grew to a confiderable fize, and mounted to the height of about forty feet. The trunk is generally ftraight, and covered with a rough furrowed bark; the wood is of a light brown cait, with a free porous texture, and is thought to be a good timber-wood; the leaves and tops are fmooth, and refemble thofe of the Mahogany tree pretty much. . I have examined a great number of the flowers of this tree, and found them fo equally divided between the two claffes, that I was for a time in doubt which to refer it to; nor have I placed it now with any cer- tainty, tho' the formation of the fruit feems to fhew it more nearly allied to this. It feems to be very nearly a-kin to the Trichilia, tho’ the filaments are not connected, CUPHEA 1. Ereña foliolis oblongo-ovatis, oppofitis ; arid Jpicatis termi- nalibus. The {mall erect Cuphea, with the flowers difpofed in fpikes. Periantium Monophyllum tubulatum coloratum ad imum, ab altero latere, pro- minulum ; tubus anguftus equalis, ad faucem leniter ampli- atus, recurvus, villofus, quinque crenatus, Corolla Pentapetala, petalis obovatis, unguibus tenuibus fauci calicis ad crenas infertis. Stamina, Filamenta decem breviffima, e tubo orta, in fauce liberas antheræ globofe, corollæ coloris. Piftillum. Germen oblongum calice inclufum ; ftylus fimplex longitudine fere Jlaminum ; ftigma obtufiufeulum. Pericarpium. Capfula membranacea oblonga unilocularis. 2 : Semina O ?F 7j AAM ALLE Kk ^43 Semina — P/ura orbiculata compreffia; receptaculo oblique adnata. Receptaculum Columnare, in centro capjule pofitum. This little plant was found in Clarendon ; it has a delicate flender ftalk, emits but a few branches, and feldom rifes above ten or twelve inches in height; It bears its lowers in fpikes at the extremities of the branches | ACISANTHERA 1, Ereéta ramofa, ramulis quadratis, foliolis trinerviii evato-crenatis, oppofitiss floribus Jfingilaribus ad alas alternas. Tab, 22. The branched Akifanthera: Periantium Monopbyllum ventricofum pregnans, ore profunde guinguedch- tatum. Corolla |. Pentapetala, petalis obverf? ovatis, fauci calicis infer tis. e Stamina, Filamenta decem, vix «qualia, declinata, | corolla breviora ; anthers: oblonge fagittate & fubarcuata, verfatiles, Pifüllum. | Germen fubrotundum calice telum € coronatum; ftylus brevis : - fimplex, ftigma acutum. | | Pericarpium. Capfula fubrotunda bilocularis, binis placentulis referta, Semina: -Plurima parva fubrotunda, placentulis affixa. This plant grows in the paftures eaftward of Lui, as, and feldom rifes above fourteen or fixteen inches in height. The ftem is pretty firm and fquare, and emits a good many branches towards the top; the leaves are fmall, and remarkable; | and the flowers rife fingle from the alternate ale, or bofoms of the leaves, | Mr. Ebret’s delineation does not anfwer exactly to this defctiption, which was | taken from the plant while frefh ; but this, I fuppofe, may be owing to fome va- : riation, or defect in the {pecimen. SAMYDA 1. Fruticofa foliis nitidis cordatis, leviffime trenatisy rudimentis ` mollibus rubentibus ; racemis tenutoribus alaribus. Tab. 23. The fhrubby Sampda, with waxen rudiments; Or the larger | Cloven-berry Buth. ; re Periantium Monophyllum coloratum, campanulatum, in quinque partes ovata: T iis “ultra medietatem fectum. eee | Corolla, Alia nulla. j 20 MA d Stamina, Filamenta erecta brevia e pelve calicis orta; in aliis octo, in aliis | | novem, in aliis decem , rudimentis totidem, variis, interpofitis ; 777 77 anthere ovate caduce, filamentis tantum concefJe. — Piftillum, Germen globofum in fundo calicis fitum; ftylus brevis fimplex ; ftigma craffufrulum, obtufum. e T Capfula carnofa Jubrotunda unilocularis frivalvis, ‘tribus li- neis nota; valvis maturitate reflexis, © a receptaculo co- `. © Jumnare pulpofo recedentibus, = = ` Semina Plura nidulantia, receptaculo pulpofo erecto perfifient muere. 5 Pericarpium. E SAMYDA 2, Foliis ovatis cum acumine, fructibus plurimis mitibus ĉon- Arbor baccifera foliis oblongis acuminatis, Slo. Cat. 173. 8 Hi. tari The fmaller Samyda, or Cloven-berry Buthy —— | Lll i -— SAMYDA xu t ik $18. THE‘NATURAL HISTORY SAMYDA 3. Foliis ovatis villofis, floribus confertis, fafciculis fparfis. Samyda. Li Sp. PL. | | Frutex daccifera folio oblongo integro, &c. Slo. Cat. 173. The hairy Samyda, or Cloven-berry Buth. Thefe fpecies of the Samyda are frequent in Jamaica, and grow commonly in the low lands; they are all of the fhrubby kind, tho’ neither of the two laft forts ever rifes above four or five feet in height; but the firft fhoots fometimes to the height of feven or eight. The pigeons are faid to feed much upon the feeds, and the pulp of the berries of the laft fort, when in feafon ; and the bitterifh tafte of both has probably given rife to the notion: but I am apt to think that that flavour, fo peculiar to the wild pigeon, proceeds rather from the fruit of the Xy/opicron, which is always in feafon about the fame time, and an agreeable wholfome bitter, on which they are well known to feed. The firft fpecies has no more than eight filaments in each flower; but the twb laft always have nine or ten, with as many villofe rudiments. TRICHOGAMILA 1. Fruticofa, erecta, indivifa; foliis orbiculatis alternis. The fimple ere& Trichogamila. : Periantium Duplex ; exterius diphyllum, parvum, deciduum ; interius mono- phyllum cyatbiforme, in quinque partes ovatas ad medieta- " | em fectum. Corolla Pentapetala, vel monopetala ad bafim fetta; laciniis oblongis retu- | fis, eretto patentibus. | | Stamina. Filamenta decem tomentofa, erecta, corolld breviora; anthers M In Jubrotunda. | Piftillum. Germen minimum in fundo calicis fitum; ftylus tomentofus lon- gitudine flaminum; ftigma obtufufculum. Pericarpium. Drupa /pherica lignea tenuis, & tenuiter corticata, unilocue laris, inflata, fuperficie fubinequali, xs Semina Nuclei bini bilobi oblongo-ovati, quorum alter ut plurimum abortit, minorque, laxatus, © divinctus eff; alter vero fundo drupe affigitur, nec dimidium loculamenti replet. This fhrubby plant grows clofe to the beach at Bul/-bay, and feldom rifes above three or four feet from the root. The ftem is ftiff and fimple, and feldom exceeds three or four lines in diameter: the leaves are round, fmooth, and alternate; the flowers fmall and whitifh ; and the berries of the fize and appearance of gall-nuts, but light and hollow. | e . : RUTA r. Foliis decompofitis, laciniis latiufculis, petalis fubvillofis, Ruta foliis decompofitis. L, Sp. Pl, &c. jd Ruta Off. = Rue, _ This plant has been long introduced to, and cultivated in Yamaica; but does not grow fo luxuriantly as many other European vegetables; nor is it indeed fo neceflary in this climate. It is an active, warm, nervous medicine, and much impregnated with fubtile penetrating particles of a very volatile nature, and contains a great quantity of a more fixt refinous fubftance. It ftimulates the folids to a more vigo- rous ofcillation, rarefies the juices, promotes both íweat and urine, provokes the menfes, refolves obftructions, ftrengthens the vifcera, and attenuates the blood. It is recommended equally in peftilential fevers, and thofe arifing from a lentor of the juices; is found very ferviceable in moft hyfteric and fcorbutic cafes; and often y un | ordered, OF Tp ASME X ISO A àtg ordered, with other antielminthics, in extemporaneous prefcriptions, for worms, It is generally adminiftered in infufions of bolüs's; for which purpofes both à conferve of the leaves, and the freth or dried plant, is generally kept in the thops, as well as the oil. MELASTOMA t. Subarborefcens foliis oblongis, petiolis marginato-fimbrin- r tis, racemis terminatricibus, flore majori: Melaftoma. Bur. The. Zey. t. 72. The Cock-roch Tree. MELASTOMA 2. Arborefcens, foliis ovatis fubtus. cinereis, raceinis termi- natricibus, floribus majoribus. | Melaftoma foliis integris ovato-lanceolatis fubtus fericeis, nervis ante bafim coadunatis, p. PI. Grofularia fructu arbor maxima jpinofa. Slo: Cat. 164. & H: t. 196. f. 2. The arborefcent Mela/toma. MELASTOMA 3. Fruticofa minor, foliis tenuibus ovatis, racemis termiz nalibus Melaftoma foliis lanceolatis. Jcabris, L. Sp. Pl. The fmaller (hrubby Me/afoma, or Indian Currant- Tree; MELASTOMA 4. Hirfuta, foliis cordatis reticulatis. feabris, floribus laxe 7 racemofis ad alas: Melaftoma foliis denticulatis lanceolatis quinguenerviis, caule bifbido, L. Groffularie frudiu, &c. Slo, Cat. 165. & H. t. 197. f. 2: & Pif. 217, js The hairy Me/affoma. MELASTOMA «5. Subbirfuta.; foliis cordatis fcabris, minutifime denticulatis 6g pales reticulatis; racemis minoribus alaribus. The hairy Melaffoma, with delicate leaves. MELASTOMA 6. Foliis amplifimis Jubtus ferrugineis, racemis terminatris Melaftoma foliis denticulatis ovatis acutis. L. Sp. Pl. The large-leafed foxy Mela/toma. MELASTOMA 7. Foliis amplioribus, per petiolum recurrentibus & contrattis ; fafciculis. florum fparfis. Tab. 24. f. 1. & 2. Melaftoma foliis denticulatis ovatis acuminatis, nervis interioribus ante ba- Jim coadunatis. L. Sp. Pl. The large-leafed Melaffoma, ‘with the flowers difpofed in fcattered tufts. MELASTOMA? 8. Foliis ovatis nitidis minutiffime denticulatis, venis & raa mulis purpurafcentibus. — : T An, Groffularie fru&lu arbor maxima, &c. Slo, Cat. 164. & H. t. 196? The fmooth-leafed Me/a/foma, with purple veins, ..— MELASTOMA? TH BA AIT VU RAL HISS KORY MELASTOMA? 9. Minima Jeandens,; farmento tenui, foliis KNEE ES ovatis ciliatis oppofitts. - The fmall climbing Melaffosta. All thefe fpecies of the Melajloma are frequent in Jamaica, and found fome in one part, fome in another part of. thé ifland.... The eighth fpecies i is:a native of the coldeft mountains of Liguanea the others grow chiefly in the hills and lower mountains: they are all of the fhrubby kind, aod feldom exceed, five jor fix feet in height; we muft, however, except the two firft fpecies, which are fometimes obferved to rife by moderate trunks, and to put on the appearance of {maller trees. The leaves, in all the fpecies, are furnifhed with three or five, veins, that.run in an arched form from the fooiftalk to the top; and the {paces between thefe are beauti- fully nerved -or areolated, and of a very üngular flructure.,;... ai |. $20 TRIBULUS 1. Foliis fex jugatis fubeequalibus, fore amplo odorato. Tribulus fois fex Jugatis Jubequatibus, E, Sp. PI. Tribulus foliolis ex parium pinnatis, LH. C. The Turkey Blofiom. : | ISI. This pli whether a native, or originally introduced to Jamaicas is now very common about King flon, and grows very luxuriantly both in the eaftern and weftern limits of that town. It is planted in many of the gardens for the fake of its flowers, which yield a pleafant agreeable (mell. It is a {preading creeper, and runs frequently the length of three or four feet from the main root, throwing out many lateral branches on all fides... ‘The fowls. are obferved to feed. much on the ‘bloffoms of this plant where it grows wild, and is thought to HEBES the flavour, as well as to contribute to the fattening of. them. TRIBULUS? 2.. Foliis ymo ND extimis 2 u— diis. dab, as, fagui Tribalus prs trium ho pinnatis, d. H C. e quadrijugis Sp. bi, Tribulus ¢erefris major, &c. Slo. Cat. go, & H. t. 132. The field + Se Pedunculo Oblango, excavate obverfé conico, ad apicem applanato incidit periantium pentaphyllum, foliolis anguflis acutrs-brrfütis, © remotis , primo etate erectis, maturitate reflexis. Corolla Monopetala decidua, in quinque lacinias orbiculatas, calice Öre- viores ad bafim fetta, ES Stamina. | pinos decem brevia : antherg Jubretunde y yg tantillo Piftillam, "edi 6 mucronatum ; — ftylus Vix. alls ftigma conicum, decem firiis notatum. E. Receptseulum Columnare capitatum ereéfum, in centro fratlifcatimis lo- Y catum, irum Nullum. a ER angulata JE [5 sida a a, ad bafim columnee i im or- bem pofita, tandem dec "This creeping. c ant is fomething like the Tu both. in. fize and A irion: : it grows in all the paftures, is ER at with the other fodder: plants, and of cattle, fed upon pe os E 4 | SS - |o HAEMALOXYLUM Op. $3 uj. oA M A E C A 321 HJEMALOXYLUM r. "Spinofum, foliolis pinnatis, racemis terminalibus. Hemaloxylum. L. H.C. & Sp. Plant. Lignum “ampech, Species quédam Braf. &c. Slo. Cat, 213. & H; 234 jns Gr, eae 119. & Lignum Nephriticum. Off. Logwood. This fhrub was firit introduced to Jamaica from fome part of the main, and is now cultivated in many parts of the illand. It thrives beft in low fwampy lands, or fhallow waters, where the bottom is rich and moderately firm; and feldom rifes above twelve or fourteen feet in height, or exceeds feven inches in diameter; but the trunk is generally fhort and uneven, This wood is the chief ingrediént‘in all purple dyes, and a principal one in our beft blacks, It gives a purple tincture by infufion, which is eafily changed, or heightened, by acid or alkalious'admixtures ; and varies its appearance in different pofitions, like the Opa/, or the feathers of a pea- cock. Both the bark and gum of this tree are gentle fubaftringents ; but thelaft excels, and adds a fwectniefs to its virtue, which makes it the more agreeablé: to the palate, BUCERAS r. Ramulis. flexuofis tenuioribus, foliis obovatis confertis, kom lurimis terminalibus. Tab: 23. fiti ES Mangle Jul fera, tha Filet a ik e Slo. Cat. 156. Periantium Monophyllum urceolatum, inferne xir in Ali collo coaréfatum ; bimby»: erecfo-patulus, integer, i Gi Corolla Nulla. Stamina. Filamenta decem erecto- patna limbo paulo: longiora € e collo calicis enata, = Antherae eređlæ cordate. Piftillum, Germen oblongum in fundo calicis fitum © adnatum; fiylus fimplex longitudine Jlaminum ; Stigma acutiufoulum. it eg Pericarpium; - Calix una cum germine mutatur: in capfulam urceolatam unis : locularem; que femen unitum oblongo-ovatum involvit. ... iügisti fH. $538 gio: vinis: i “This tree is called ‘the Black- DR in Samaica ; but in Antigua, where. it is equally common, BaSS. ua d name of French Oak. It is a native of the lower {wampy lands; or adjoining banks, and grows to a very confiderable fize: it is fre- quent about the Pry Fri remarkable for its (lender crooked branches, and the tufted difpofition of its leaves, On the flower-fpikes'of this tree you may fometimes find one or more früctifications, that fhoot into a monftrous fize, being feldom under three inches in length, tho' never above a line and a half in dlimeter ; and fome- thing i in the form of a bull's horn. It is reckoned an excellent timber-tree; and the bark is greatly efteemed among the tanners, | HYMEN:/EA r. Foliis geminatis p jab ine racemis terminatricibus. ~ a Hymenza.. L. H.C. & Species Plant. Courbaril Plum. t. 36, /éd corolla inaccurate delineata ef. Ceratia diphyllos Antegoana;, Gc. Pk. Phy. t. 82. f. 5. Refina Lutea pallida, &c, Slo, Cat. pag. 216, & H. 186. Jataiba. Pifor23. The Locus Tree. Periantium Duplex; exterius diphyllum omplexum deciduum ; interius per é faplyllum, vel monophylluim ad- bafim fere fothuns laciniis evatis. ; Mmm Corolla bu AREL NATURAL. HIS ORY Corolla Pentapetala, petalis ovatis ere&to-patentibus, fere qualibus. Stamina, Filamenta decem brevia fimplicia declinata; anthere oblongo- ovate. Piftillum, Germen oblongum comprefum parvum; ftylus brevis intortus, tncurvus; ftigma acutum. Pericarpium. —Cafjula ligneo-corticea, magna, leniter compreffa, oblonga, utrinque retufa, filique formis, unilocularis, pulpá fari- | naceo-fibrofd repleta, i . Semina Pauca, tria fcilicet vel quatuor, fubrotunda & leuiter comprefa, atdulantia, : yai ji m The flowers of this tree were very young when I examined them; but the parts have been fufficiently diftin&, and appeared in the fame form that we Have defcribed them here. It grows to a very confiderable fize, and is looked upon as an excel- len: timber-tree ; but it muft be very old before it is cut, otherwife the heart will be but fmall. It is a fpreading fhady tree, and found in many parts of Liguanea ; but whether a native, or originally imported there, 1 can't determine. : It is very common in Antigua, and there I am fatisfied it does grow naturally. This tree yields a fine clear refin, which is called Gum Anime in our fhops, and makes the fineft varnifh now known; but this is beft made without a mixture.» It is diffolved only by the moft dephlegmated fpirits, but it burns readily, and witha clear flame, and grateful fragrant fmell, for which it is fometimes ordered. by way of fumigation, in the bed-chambers of people labouring with afthmas, or fuffoca- tive catarrhs, PARKENSONIA 1. Aculeata, foliolis minutifimis pinnatis, pennd longiori compreffa. The "ferufalem Thorn. "> This (hrub was firft introduced to Yamaica from the main, but it now grows wild in many parts of this, as well as the other iflands, where it has been originally cultivated for: the ufe of inclofures. . It feldom rifes above eight feet in height, and is well fupplied with ftrong thorns on every part... The branches are flexile and fmall, and the trunk feldom grows to any confiderable thicknefs. CASSIA 1. Arborea, foliis paucioribus ovatis atque pinnatis, filiqua maxima cylindracea. ae | Caffia foliis quinquejugatis ovatis acuminatis glabris, petiolis. glanduloffs, . Sp. Pl. ers ias E. Caffia jiftula; &c. Thez. Zey. pag. 56. sé Caffia nigra, feu fiftula prima, &c. Slo. Cat. & H. Caffia folutiva Bontii & Offic, Conna. H. M. p. 3. t.22 The Caffia-ftick Tree. This tree grows in many parts of fameica; but I believe it was firft introduced there from fome other part of the world, The pulp that furrounds the feeds be- tween the feptz, in the long cylindric pods of this plant, is an eafy gentle laxative, which may be fafely ufed on every occafion, where a perfon would avoid raifing a ftrong irritation in the fibres of the inteftines, and yet lies under a neceflity of opening the paffage : but it is apt to grow rancid when it has been long out of the cells, and generally acquires an acrimony that renders the adminiftration of it pre- carious or dangerous in that fate, | | CASSIA OF J AMAA T ACh Ai 223 CASSIA. 2. Foliis plurimis oblongis. pinnatis, flore rubello, filiquis maximis; crafforibus trinervits, ; sine Caffia foliis duodecim-jugatis oblongis obtufis glabris, glandula nulla, L, Sp. Pl Caffia nigra, feu fifulofa fecunda, &c, Slo. Cat. & Hift, | The Horfe-Caffiá. This tree grows to a moderate fize, and ftretches frequently to the height of eighteen or twenty feet. The leaves are fmall and oblong, the flowers reddifh, and the pods very large, having each three confiderable nerves running the whole length of them, from the.foot-ftalk to the top: two of thefe are clofe together, arid tun along the back future; but the other is alone, and fixt oppofite to them. It is a purgative, like the foregoing, but. not fo agreeable, abe CASSIA. 3. Arbore/cens diffufa, Siliquis longis compreffis: : The Senna Tree. This fhrub is very common in the low lands about King jlon, and rifes frequently to the height of twelve or fifteen feet: the branches are flender and fpreading, the leaves pretty {mall, the pods long and compreffed, and the flowers diípofed in thick bunches at the ends of the branches. prefa, glanduld ad imulum. The fhrubby Senna, with flat pods. — CASSIA 5. Fruticofa erecta, foliis plurimis pinnatis ovato-acutis, filiquis turé : gidis. CASSIA 4. Fruticofa ereta, foliis ovatis acutis quinquejugatis, filigüd. coms 'The fhrubby Senza, with fwelling pods. —Thefe fpecies'are very like each other, but neither of them grows above four or — five feet in height; or-exceeds half or three quarter$'of an inch in diameter. They are both common about the Angels. ASSIA 6. Frutico/a, foliis minoribus abver[2 ovatis fekjugatis, floribus gemi Ak coocclatts vel bigeminatis, racemis alaribus; "The flowering fhrubby Senna. CASSIA 7. Fruticofa foliis acuminatis, filiculis fubrotundis monofpermis, The fhrubby Senna, with {mall round pods. I found a branch of this fpecies preferved among my fpecimens, but do not res member when I gathered it, nor the particulars of its growth; though, from the fpecimen, it appears to be a fhrub with very flender branches, and very different from all the other {pecies. ' {ANG SR Pas CASSIA 8. Piminea, foliis ovato-acuminatis, bijugatis ; racemis laxis alatibus, i filiquis brevioribus compreffis. The weakly Sezza-íhrub. This plant is a native of the coldeft mountains of Liguanea, and rifes frequently tothe height of feven or eight feet, among the bufhes; but it is very weakly, ty i - cou ts TH E^NATU R'AL. HISTORY could-not füpport itfelf upright without their affiftance, I found it on the fide of the hill near Cold- Spring. CASSIA 9. Siliquis quadrialatis, fpicis terminalibus ; Jolis plurimis pinnatis, majoribus obovatis. | , Caffia foliis octojugatis ovali-oblongis, anfertoribus minoribus ; flipulis patu- HD END PU. ME aa : Caffia. filiqua quadrangulari. FA. Elts t. 631; & The. Zey. pag. 56. The Kingsworm Buths aatia coil env shoa ac This plant is a native of ‘famaica, and common about thé Ferry, and in‘the up» per parts of Szxzeen-gmile-walk. It lives but a few years, though it putson the ap- pearance of a fhrub in its growth; and when cultivated, rifes fometimes to the height of feven or eight feet, but feldom exceeds four in its native foil, The ants are very fond of the flowers of this plant, The juice of the leaves or buds is faid to cure the ring-worms. : CASSIA to, Herbacea major ereéta ramofa, foliis ovatesacuminatis, filiquis ana | : gu/Horibus compreffis, [picis laxioribus terminalibus affurgen~ " tibus. CES | An, Caffia foliolis quinquejugatis ovato lanceolatis margine fcabris; Ly Sp. Pl. Senna occidentalis odore opit virofo, &c. Slo. Cat. & Hift. Paiomirioba, Pif, 185. Stinking-weed. _ This plant is.very common about. King fon, and rifes generally to the height of two feet and a half, or better : it is loofe in its ramifications, and well fupplied with flowers, difpofed in loofe fpikes at the extremities of the branches. . The ribs on which the leaves are fet, are, in almoft every fpecies of this kind; furnifhed with a gland, which in fome is placed higher, in others lower upon the fhank, and in many be- tween the leaves themíelves ; but in this particular fort it is fituated very low, and near the infertion of the rib. : = aos tod sis Pif fays, that the juice of this plant applied outwardly, or injected, is a fpecific in the inflammations of the anus; and Markgrave adds, that the root is a power- ful diuretic and antidote: but the top is the only part that is ufed in Jamaica, where the plant is commonly employed in all refolutive baths, and is accounted a very powerful ingredient on fuch occafions. — — - e: CASSIA 11. Herbacea major diffufa, foliis obverfè ovatis trijugatis, filiquis ! `- longis turgidis alaribus... Hi ` Caflia minor fruticofa bexapbylla fene foliis. Slo, Cat. 146, & Hi t. 180. Paiomirioba ii. Pif, 187. | dari cc uetus The tufted Sexna, with obtufe leaves. $ This plant is common among the buthes in all the Savannas about King flon, and feldom rifes above two or three feet in height. The gland is yellow. in this fpecies, and placed between the loweft pair of leaves, CASSIA 12. Suffruticofa erecta birfuta, floribus fingularibus alaribus. Caffia foliolis multi-jugatis linearibus, €3c. flipulis fetaceis, L. Sp. Pl: Senna occidentalis Wiad ffisulari,. foliis mimofe, &c. Slo. Cat. & H. The hairy flender divided Senna, with fmall leaves. 3 ; This OPP Jo A MEA TI Q- 14 ^24 "This little plant grows in many parts of the ifland, and feldom rifes above two feet and a half in height: the ftem and branches are very flender, and the leaves narrow and fmall. It is rather fubdivided than branched in its growth. CASSIA 13. Suffruticofa ereéta, foliis lincaribus plurimis pinnatis; foribus Jfngularibus vel geminatis, fpar fis, ; Caflia dee: di i glandula pedicellata, ftipulis enfiformibus. L. P Pd An, i humilis Americana, berbee mimofe filiquis ereclis, &c. Pk. t.22 z The fmooth Senna, with flender branches and fmall leaves. CASSIA 14. Suffruticofa © fubbirfuta, minor ; foliolis paucioribus pinnatis, s oribus fingularibus alaribus. The little fhrubby Sezze, with few fmall leaves. This plant is very common about the upper parts of Liguanea, but feldom rifes more than ten or fourteen inches above the root; tho’ its ftalk be tough and woody, like thofe of the three foregoing forts: nor do the leaves ever exceed three or four pair, on each of the common ribs; but in all other refpeđls it is like the twelfth fpecies. | | CASSIA 15. Herbacea, tenuifima, procumbens; floribus fingularibys alarzbus. Caíha foliolis multijugatis, caule procumbente. L. Sp. Pl. Ep — he flender berbaceoussCaffta,: with very {mall leaves. This little plant grows every where in the paitures of Jamaica, and creeps among the grafs: its ftalk is very weakly, and not much thicker than a middle- fized pin, but {iretches generally to the length of fourteen or fixteen inche from the root. It does not feem to have any of that ranknefs peeuliar to this clafs, no more than the three other fpecies mentioned juft before it, POINCIANA 1. Aculeata, foliis bipinnatis, floribus croceis pulcherrimis, pe- dunculis longis fpicatis incidentibus. -Poinciana aculeis geminis. L. H. Upf. & Sp. PI. | Crifta pavonis fore elegantiffimo. ‘The. Zey. Sena /puria arborea fpinofa, &c. Slo. Cat. & H. Frutex favoninus feu chrifta pavonis Breynii Cent. Barbadoes Pride. This plant has been, I fancy, firft carried to Jamaica, from fome of the other colonies, of which it is a native: but it now grows wild in many places about L;- guanea, and makes a beautiful fhew when in bloom, The flowers of this plant feldom fhoot fo luxuriantly in that ifland, tho’ the fhrub rifes frequently to the height of five or fix feet. | | All the parts of the plant are thought to be very powerful emmenagogues, and are | frequently ufed for that purpofe among the negroes. — pinnis & ramulis dicbotomis. Guajacum foliolis bijugatis obtufis. L. Sp. PI. Guiacum ‘famatcenfe, &c. Pk. t. 55. f. 3 & 4. | Guiacum. Plum. t. 17. & Guiacum Off, : | ` Pruno vel Evonimo affinis arbor, Sc. Slo. Cat, 186. & H. t. 222. — Nona Lignum- GUAJACUM 1. Foliis fere impetiolatis, bijugatis, obovatis © leniter radiatis; aos ; | É 216. THE:NA TURA b MIS TOR Y Lignum-Vi 2c. This tree grows in great abundance on the fouth-fide of "famaica, but feldom or never in any other part of that ifland. It is an ever-green of a dark gloomy caft, which continues its verdure in the moft droughty feafons, and, at times, throws out a great number of blue blofloms, which are fucceeded by fo many comprefled berries of a roundifh form. The tree grows frequently to a very confiderable fize, but takes up a feries of years, to come to that perfection: the roots are thick in proportion to the growth of the tree, and run a great way into the ground, in a perpendicular di- rection ; contrary to the ufual growth of timber-trees in that country, which gene- rally {hoot the largeít prongs of their roots in an horizontal direction, and are com- monly obíerved to run very near the furface: the bark is thick and fmooth; the wood of a dark olive colour, and crofs-grained.; the ftrata running obliquely into one another, in the form of an X. It is a hard, heavy timber-wood; and anfwers on all occafions where ftrength and duration is required, and its weight no impediment, It takes a fine polifh, and anfwers well in the turner's lathe; but is now chiefly ufed for fhip- blocks, 3 | oak "The frefh bark opens the body, and is deemed a fweetner of the blood ; but the pulp of the berries purges and vomits very violently (three or four of thefe are a dofe) (a), The refinous parts of the tree are of a warm active nature, and found (by long experience) to attenuate and diflolve the blood: they are efteemed fpecifics in old venereal taints, chronical rheumatifms, and other diforders arifing from the fizynefs of the juices; and generally adminiflered in decoctions (the refin fometimes, in bolus’s) ordered for a continuance: but great care muft be taken to moderate or temper the native acrimony of thefe medicines in the beginning of a courfe, and to prepare the body for the ule of them ; the neglect of which has Leen frequently the caufe of very difmal confequents in thofe warm climates, and may probably have the like effects fometimes in colder region. sts l | There is a tancture made with the gum of this tree, that has been fometimes ad- miniftered with fuccefs, as well as the powder itfelf, in obftinate intermittent and remittent fevers; in wbich cafes they commonly procure a few ftools, as well as promote a general diícharge by the fkin, The foliage of the tree is of a very de- terfive nature, and frequently ufed to fcour and whiten the floors in moft houfes about King /fon: the infufion of them is alfo ufed to wafh painted linens, and other ftained garments; which it is faid to do very cffectually, without changing or diminifbing the luftre of the dyes. : : ANACARDIUM 1, regi obverfe ovato, nuce reniformi, racemis termina- | tbus, | Anacardium. L.H. C. & Sp. Pl. Pomifera, feu potius prunifera, &c. Slo. Cat. 187. & H. Acaiaiba. Pif. 120. & Acaju Bontii 198. The Cafbew Tree ; and Ca/bew Tree of Care/. App. t. 9. This tree is very common in moft parts of famaica; and feems to be a very dif- ferent fpecies from the Anacardium of the eaft, and of the fhops, whofe nuts are of the form of a heart moderately compreffed, and not fo large as thofe of this fpecies. It grows frequently to the height of twelve or fixteen feet, and fpreads much as it rifes; for the trunk feldom fhoots above four or five feet before it begins to divide and branch. It yields a great quantity of gum, not inferior to Gum Arabic either in virtue or mechanical ufes; and carries a light aftringency with it, which in many Ce. A RA peus TEE (a) The gum, or rather refin of this plant, tri s concreted on many parts of it at all feafons of the year; itly of its own accord, and may be feen where the bark has been cut or wounded. = quently but is. generally found in greateft abundance cafes MOORE LONE * CF } AMER TACA; j44 cafes renders it fuperior to the other. The fruit is very agreeable, and full of a fubaftringent cooling juice ; which has been fometimes exprcflcd in confiderable quan- tities, fermented, and obferved to make a fine rough wine, that may be ufed with great propriety on many occalions, efpecially where the vifcera of folid fyftem has been greatly relaxed; and in fuch cafes the crude juice is fometimes allowed with fuccefs. The fhell of thegput contains a great quantity of cauític oil, lodged in the cells between its lamine; with which fome of our American beauties ies their faces from time to time. This troublefome operation they undergo with great patience; during which they are obliged to refrain from all manner of com- any and converfation, and to keep in clofe confinement: it holds generally for fourteen or fifteen days; and the inflammations raifed, during the procefs, fre- quently give thofe ladies reafon to repent of this piece of vanity; for it leaves the countenance fometimes more deformed, than ahy fpots or freckles could have made it. Happy, had they been fo intent on the improvements of the mind, which they bat too frequently neglect; while they bear fo much pain, with a thorough refignation, to imitate our fnakes and adders. à The almond or kernel is of a delicate tafte, and thought not inferior to any of our European delicacies of this fort; but you have it generally roafted; for they are obliged to burn the fhell, to procure the kernel free from the taint or acrimony of the oil. N.B. Some of thefe trees bear a yellow, and fome a red fruit; but this va- riation I take to be owing to fome difference in the foil or culture. C/ESALPINIA 1. Arborea, inermis; foliis minoribus paribus bipinnatis, ligno - kermefino. Cafalpinia fo/iolis ovatis integerrimis. WL. Sp. Pl. & M. Med. Pfeudo-Santelum croceum, &c. Slo. Cat. 213. & H. t. 132. Brafiletto. Periantium — Monopbyllum, inferne ventricofum, in quinque lacinias profunde Jectum ; quorum {uperiores equales, erecto-patentes; poxime laterales minores ; infima maxima, carinata C2 fimbriata. Corolla Pemtapetalas petalis fere equalibus ; infimum pulchre variegatum. Stamina, Filamenta decem, diftintta, declinata, longitudine germinis, intra laciniam infimam calicis repofita. Anthere Jubrotunde. Pifülum. Fulchrum breviffimum; germen oblongum, longitudine & fitu fla- minum; ftylus fimplex affurgens ; igma obtufum. - Pericarpium. Siliqua membranacea compre[fa major oblongo-rhombea bival- vis unilocularis. Semina Tria vel quatuor remota compreffa rbombza. This tree grows in every part of Jamaica where the foil is dry and rocky: it is an excellent timber-wood, but feldom exceeds eight or ten inches in diameter, in the moft perfect ftate. The wood is elaftic, tough, and durable; and bears a fine poli(h: it is of a beautiful orange-colour, full of refin, and yields a fine full tin&ure by in- fufion; but is feldom cut for the dyers ufe in Jamaica, CJESALPINIA 2. Spinofa, foliis minoribus obverfè cordatis, bipinnatis ; racemis terminalibus. Sena furia arborea fpinofa, &c. Slo. Cat. & H. t. 181. = Baftard Nicarago. v This prickly fhrub is common about the Ferry, and the lower lands of Liguanea ; but it feldom rifes above eight or ten feet in height: the wood is of a brown a 2 a 43& THEz~ANA TURAL S$LI:.S T.O R Y the foliage is of a dark gloomy green, and the. flowers of a fine yellow, which are fucceeded by pods of a thickifh oblong form.. The, lower fegment of the cup is not fringed, nor any of the flower-leaves variegated in this\{pecies.. ` GUILANDIA I. Spinofa, foiiis bipinnatis ovatiscum acumine, feminibus ci- nereis. | Guilandia aculeata foliolis ovatis acuminatis. +L. Sp. PI. Lobus echinatus fructu cæfio, foliis longioribus, &c, .Slo. Cat. 144. Acacia glorioja Lentifei foliis. Pk. t. 2. f. 2. Acacia qui lobus echinatus, Cluf. & The. Zey. The Grey Nickar. This weakly plant grows in ay parts of ‘famaica, and fpreads_a great way about the root; or rifes among the neighbouring bufhes, if it finds but a due fupport. The ftalk and branches are very full of i that arch backwards... The feeds are of a grey colour, and commonly ufed inftead of marbles by all the boys in our fugar-colonies. It grows chicily by the {ea-fide, but thrives well in the in- land parts alfo. GUILANDIA 2. Inermis, feminibus flavefcentibus. Lobus echinatus fructu. flavo, foliis rotundioribus, Slo. Cat. 144. & H. Guilandia folits fubpinnatis, foliolis inferioribus ternatis, L. Sp. Pl. & Fl. Zey. The yellow Nickar. This plant refembles the foregoing both in growth and appearance, but it is not prickly: the feeds are round and yellow, and not inferior to thofe of the other fort in hardnefs. It grows more frequently in the inland parts of the ifland. The feeds, bark, and root of both thefe fpecies are thought to be aftringents, and faid to be fometimes given in gleets. The feeds toatted and powdered are given to provoke the menfes. M. N. B. The flowers are all hermaphrodite, in thefe fpecies ; tho’ fome of them frequently abort. "The germen is always oblong, and a little hairy ; and the //y/e arched, pointed, and of the fame length with the fla- ments, æ SaR CaTa id t of Pee that have ten Filaments and two, three, or four Styles in every Flower. MYANTHUS 1. Floribus xus den calicinis fubovatis, corollis cre- natis, L.Sp.Pl, & H. C. The fides lay This plant is frequently cultivated in the gardens of Jamaica: but tho’ it gene- — rally grows well there, and throws up a few branches, it feldom appears in flower to any fatisfaction. SPONDIAS 1. Diffufa, filiis Diisi: minoribus pinnatis, penna compreffa Julcata, eii. eden: Cryfobalanus Linnet, H.C. & Sp. PI. ~ Myro- zs Malpigia. Pium. t. 36. / Or P* f ALM Ach G $ 229 Myrobalanus minor, folio fraxini, alato, fructu purpureo, Gc. Slo, Cat. 182. & H. t. 219. fed male depicia, Mombin. Plum. t. 22. The Spanifh Plumb Tree. Periantium Monophyllum parvum, ad medietatem quinquepartitum. Corolla Pentapetala, petalis parvis lanceolatis, ereéto-patentibus. Stamina. Filamenta decem, quorum quinque petalis interpofita funt; cetera vero paulo minora [unt © petalis fuppofita. Antheræ cordate, Pifüllum. Germen ovatum; ftyli ut plurimum tres, quandoque quatuor, bre- ves; ftigmata obfufiufcula. Pericarpium. Bacca fucculenta fubrotundo-elongata unilocularis, linea lon- gitudinali notata. | Semina, Naucum ligneo-fibrofum folidum ineguale tri- vel quadriloculare, . mucleis folitarits refertum. This is a {mall fpreading tree, which feldom rifes above ten or twelve feet in height: its foliage is of a dark gloomy green, and generally begins to fhoot as the bloffoms fall. It is cultivated by many for the fake of the fruit, which is pretty pleafant, although not held in any great efteem in Jamaica, where they are always furnifhed with a great variety of the richeft fruits. There is a variation of this plumb, called the Leather-coat, from the appearance of its fkin; but this pro- ceeds from the dry foil in which it is produced. This, as well as the two fol- lowing fpecies, the firft fort of maiden-plumb, the filk cotton-tree, and fome other American plants, vegetate fo eafily, that a limb or branch ftuck into the ground, feldom fails to {hoot up a-new; and generally appears, in a few weeks, fupplied with roots and leaves like the parent ftalk. | It is remarkable that in this, and many other American bacciferous plants, where the cup ftands under the germen, the embrio is always furrounded by a flefhy navel, which {wells as that increafes, and forms the pulp gradually about it. SPONDIAS 2. Foliis paucioribus pinnatis ovatis nitidis, racemis termi- | nalibus. Spondias. L. H.C. & Sp. Pl. Prunus Brafilienfis. Slo. Cat. 182. & H. The Hog Plumb Tree. SPONDIAS 3. Foliis plurimis pinnatis ovatis, racemis terminalibus, cortice în- terne rubentt. Myrobalanus folio fraxini alato, fructu luteo, Slo. Cat: & H. t. 219. 1, 2. The yellow, or ‘Jamaica Plumb Tree. It is not eafy to determine, whether the two laft plants are variations, or different fpecies; they are indeed very like each other, and rife generally to a very confiderable height, whether they grow in the low lands or the mountains. "The leaves are large and oval in both, and the fruit much of the fame appearance: but the nut or (hell, appears as if it had been compofed of lignous fibres ftrongly interwoven and con- nected into.a mafs together, in all the fpecies. The filaments of the flower ftand upright, and grow in an even circular order round the germen in thefe two forts; and the /y/es are always four, compreffed, and enlarged at the top. "The fruit of the fecond fpecies is much efteemed by fome people in thofe iflands, and fupplies the principal part of the food of the wild hogs in the feafon. MALPIGIA 1. Viminea foliis oblongis bifpidis, racemis alaribus. 6 Ooo Malpigia, ed | je THA WAT RAL (HIS TORY Malpigia, foliis oblongo-ovatis, fetis rigidis decumbentibus, &c. L, Sp. PI. Arbor baccifera folio oblongo fubtiliffimis fpinis obfito. Slo, Cat. 172. & H. t. 207. The Cowhage Cherry. This weakly fhrub grows frequently about the town of King flon, and is remark- able for the itchy fete upon its younger leaves: thefe are very delicate, and lie lengthways parallel to.the furface; they are double-pointed, and fuftained by pedi- cles of the fame fragile and tranfparent fubftance, defcending from the middle of them: thefe are eafily broke, but the fete enter pretty deep in, and ftick clofe to whatever has forced them off. The leaves ftand in an oppofite order in almoft every fpecies of this and the following genus. MALPIGIA 2. Fruticofa erecta, foliis nitidis ovato-acuminatis, floribus umbel- atis, ramulis gracilibus. Malpigia foliis ovatis integerrimis glabris, pedunculis umbellatis. L. Sp. Pl. The fhrubby ere& Ma/pigza, with flender branches. This is a fmall fhrub, which feldom rifes above fix or feven feet in height; it is ; erect in its growth, and divided into very delicate flender branches. E MALPIGIA 3. Fruticofa erecta, ramulis gracilibus patentibus, floribus folita- FiS. Malpigia mali punici facie. Plum. The Chereeze, or Barbadoes Cherry: Tree. This fhrub has been but lately introduced to, or cultivated in Jamaica: it has much of the appearance of a pomegranate plant, is full of (lender flexile branches, and feldom rifes above feven or eight feet. The fruit is of the fame fize and make with our common Engli/h cherries; very fucculent, they are of a light reddifh colour, and a pleafant fubacid tafte: but the cup, flower, and feeds, anfwer the common characters of the genus perfectly well. | MALPIGIA 4. Humilis © minus divifa, foliis ovatis nitidis, baccis du- rioribus. The {maller fhrubby Malpigia. This plant is a native of famaica, and common in the lower hills of Sz. Eliza- beth: it {eldom rifes above three feet in height, but throws out many (lender upright branches, and bears large hard berries, which are faid to be much ufed by the turkeys, and other large fowls, in the feafon. MALPIGIA 5. Altifimè fcandens, farmento valido. The larger climbing Malpigia. This plant is a native of famaica, and pretty frequent in the parifh of Sz. Elizabeth. The ftem is fometimes above an inch and a half in diameter; and it climbs with eafe to the top of the talleft trees in the wood. The berries are fmall _ and hard, and the leaves roundifh and fmooth, | MALPIGIA 6. Arborea floribus fpicatis, foliis ovato-acuminatis. E Malpigia foliis ovatis integerrimis fubtus tomentofis, &c. L. Sp. Pl. Baccifera Arbor caliculata, foliis laurinis, &c. Slo, Cat. 16 5. H. t. 198. & Titie affinis laurifolia arbor, &c, Ejufd. H. t. 163. a 4 The x: gione ae Op F rg A My Ay E Cy, A. 231 The Locus-berry Tree. This tree is very common in the lower hills of Liguanea, and rifes frequently to the height of thirty or forty feet, or better. The flowers and cup anfwer the charac- ters of the genus thoroughly; but two of the feeds generally abort in the berry. The leaves, while young, are covered on both fides with down; but this falls off gradually, and they appear pretty {mooth and fhining after a fhort time. There is a remarkable //pula, or ear, at the ala of every leaf, which, with its oppofite, feems to embrace the ftalk. MALPIGIA 7. Arborea, foliis Jubrotundis, alternis, inferne fublanuginofis ; ; a. ` picis craffis compofitis terminalibus. Hi- ? ; 4 The larger Locus-berry Tree. The upper branches of this tree terminate in loofe bunches of flowers; but each of the divifions is fimple, as well as the top of the main fupporter, which terminates alfo in 2 fingle fpike, ‘The glands of the calix, or cup, are remarkably diftin& in this fpecies, which feems to have all the habit and appearance of the Cominia. BANISTERIA 1. Foliis ovatis, feminibus unialatis glabris, racemis latera- - libus. Banifteria foliis ovato-oblongis acuminatis, feminibus patentibus, . L, Sp. PI. Serjania. Plum. t. 55. The oval-leafed Banifferia, with one-winged feeds. BANISTERIA 2. Foliis orbiculatis, petiolis biglandulis, feminibus unialatis, | : rugofis, racemis fubumbellatis alaribus. | Acer fcandens minus, afocyni facie. Slo. H. t. 162. The round-leafed Bazif'eria. — BANISTERIA 3. Seminibus trialatis, foliis ovato-acuminatis, racemis ter- ow ihe Reet ynah id i ge wünahius, oiik | | The oval-leafed Banifferia, with three-winged feeds. All thefe fpecies of the Baniferia grow in the gravelly hills about King/fon and £r. James's: they are climbers, and generally rife by flender ftems to the height of feven, ten, or fourteen feet, among the neighbouring bufhes.. They differ from the . Malpigiz chiefly by the nakednefs of their feeds. pee C. T II Of Plants that have ten Filaments, and fee or more Styles in | every Flower. XALIS 1. Caule erecto ramofo, pedunculis multiflorts. Gronov. Fl. Virg. | Oxalis caule ramofo, pedunculis multifioris, L. H.C. Trifolium acetofum corniculatum luteum, &c. Slo. Cat. go. Oxis fore luteo vulgaris minor, &c. The. Zey. The yellow Wood-Sorrel. This plant is very common in the woods, and cooler inland parts of Jamaica, ^ where it grows.very luxuriantly.. It is a pleafant cooler and diuretic, and was for- fo adminiftered often in inflammatory. cafes; but is little wfed, fince the 2 yi more "» a is THE^NATURAPE HIS TORY more agreeable acid fruit-trees have been fo much cultivated and fpread among us. It may be ordered, upon occafion, in cooling and other diluting infufions. PHYTOLACCA 1. Eredta, fimplex aut vix divifa; foliis integris, fufenta- culis fptcarum rotundatis. Spanifb Calaloe. This plant is a native of Jamaica, and now cultivated in moft of the. kitchen- gardens in the ifland. It is a palatable wholfome green, and, as fuch, commonly ufed at moft people's tables : the tender {talks are frequently ferved up for young Sperages, and often prove a very agreeable fuccedaneum. The plant rifes generally to the height of two or three feet, and branches but very little: it {hoots up fpon- taneoufly in every fertile {pot in the ifland, PHYTOLACCA 2. urgens ramofa, fpicis florum longtfumis, fuftentacu- lis trigonis. : | £ i | Phytolacca foliis integerrimis. Gro. Fl. Virg. & Lin, Sp. Pl. | Mountain Ca/ale, or Poke-weed. This plant is a native of famaica, and commonly found in all the cooler hills and mountains of the ifland, where it grows very luxuriantly: it rifes generally to the height of four or five feet, and divides pretty much towards the top, It is call- ed either red or white, from the colour of the flower-ftalks; for all the branches terminate in long and flender fpikes of thofe colours, The leaves and more tender fhoots are frequently ufed for greens, by the negroes, inítead of the other fort. The infpiffated juice of this plant has been for fome time in ufe among the inha- bitants of North America, and there, is thought to be a fpecific, or, at leaft, a very powerful remedy in open cancers; it is applied plaifter-ways, and has fucceed- ed in fome cafes that had all the appearance of beginning cancers. It is hoped the ingenious gentleman, who publifhed his remarks on thofe occa- fions, will continue his obfervations, and (if he finds the medicine prove fuccefsful) give the world a further and more fatisfactory account of its action. GLA’ SS XI Of the Dodecandria, or Vegetables that have twelve Filaments in every Flower. 3 S Roc. WF. L Of fuch as have twelve Filaments and one Style in every Flower. dentibus pofiremis in Jetas inermes abeuntibus, floribus alaribus. Tab. 25. f. 1. "The round-leafed Triumfetta. As the characters of thefe different fpecies differ more or lefs from one another, I fhall give a particular: account of the flowers and fructifications of each o them feparately. | 4 Periantium dq I, Subvillofa, foliis rotundioribus undulatis atque dentatis ; N OD Fil AMAA. “CHA: Periantium | Pentaphyllum deciduum, foliolis coloratis anguflis. Corolla | Pentapetala, petalis anguftis oblongis patentibus. Stamina, Filamenta duodecim, ereéta, longitudine floris; anthere fubro- 233 tunde. Pifüllum. | Germen oblongum, obtufe trigonum 5: tylus fimplex longitudine aminum; ftigma obtufum. Pericarpium. || Capfu/a oblonga prifmatica obtufe trigona trilocularis, angu- lis bifulcatis verrucofs. Semina Plura fubrotunda triplici ferie difpofita. This plant is a native of Yamaica, but not common there. The ftem and branches are very flender, and rife two or three feet above the root; the leaves are roundifh, jagged, and undulatéd, and the bark of a brown colour. Though I am very uncertain of the genus of this plant, which feems to claim a lace between the Bartramia and the Triumfetta, the difpofition of the petals and filaments induced me to range it with the latter; but I am fatisfied, from the natural habit of both, that they do belong more properly to the next çlafs. TRIUMFETTA 2. Villfa, foliis inferioribus angulato-ovatis, ferrato-dentatis; ` foribus ternatis; fafciculs geminatis, foliis fuboppofitis. Triumfetta, Plum. t. 8. Triumfetta. L.H,C. & Sp. Pl, | Agrimonia lappacea inodora, &c. Slo, Cat. g2. & H, Lappula Bermudienfis, &c. Pk. t. 245. f.7. The Bur-Bark. Periantium Pentaphyllum, foliolis lanceolato-linearibus ; prima etate, ere- is, © agglutinatis; provectiori vero patentibus, deciduis. Corolla Pentapetala, petalis angu[lis eretto-patentibus, NeGarium: glan- dule minime fingulares, ad infertiones petalorum floris. Stamina. Filamenta duodecim inter C8 octodecim, erecta, fimplicia, longi- As - . tudine floris; anthere cordate. | . Piftillum. Germen minimum fubrotundum; ftylus erectus fimplex, longitu- dine flaminum; ftigma obtufiuftulum. Pericarpium. Capfula fubrotunda quadrilocularis, ab apice ad medietatem Jetis validis uncinatis armata, Semina Solitaria, quandoque duplicata; Obf. The anthere are always of the form of a heart in the flowers of this plant; and the bloffoms, which generally grow in two diftin& parcels neat the ala of the leaves, are fuftained by a few narrow ftipule, that perform the office of an Involucrum; and half the capfula is echinated, the other fmooth. he plant is common in Yamaica, and rifes frequently to the height of fix or ien PA where the foil coe and well fupplied with moifture. The leaves and tender buds, when infufed for any time in water, yield. a fine clear mu- cilage; fiom whence we may conclude it to be an excellent emollient. The bark is tough and ftrong, and ferves for ropes, and other little conveniencies of that kind, among thofe that inhabit the inland parts of the country. PORTULACA 1. Foliis cuneiformibus, floribus fefilibus, L. Sp. Pl. | Purflane. m ge j ; ies, and frequently \ 4 This is one of the moft common plants in all the fugar-colonies, ai , | i a very troublefome weed in the gardens pP — It is never ferved np $ | / ^ 224 «6 THEANN TURAB HIS TOO R Y fallet in thofe parts,- but is fometimes ufed by the fervants and poorer fort of people, as a green, with falt provifions; and its fubacid, nitrous tafte renders it not onl agreeable, but wholefome, to all thofe that are obliged to. make. frequent ufe of fuch food in thofe warm countries. It bears every fort of: — well, and grows very lüxuriantly, almoft, in every foil in America, ANACAMPSEROS 1. Foi radicalibus, PAM vatis, glabris; frapo af- | urgenti, Pansa 3 The round-leafed Mnacamferis. HORE dh Perüntiam Pentaphyllum, foliolis fubrofundis cochléatis. eredto- saperet Corolla. Petala quinque vel fex, foliolis calicis. fimilia. Stamina, Filamenta duodecim inter S — a decer. anthere SES ubrotunde. if Pigillam. Germen fubrotundum ; ifle ilia EPNER longi tudine Jami- | num sy ftigmata fimplicia obtufiufcula patentia. Pericarpium. Capfula ovata, — Lo da Semina Plura fubrotunda. > al [ I found this plant in the road thro' Mis The leaves are round and fucculent, and all difpofed about the bottom of the ftalk, which rifes generally to the height. of fixteen or twenty inches above „the root, It is a beautiful plant, and grows in a gravelly foil in that place. ANACAMPSEROS? 2. Supina minor, «fli linearibus TES foribus ' so Summis ramulis con fertis, fiylo quingucfido, “The ‘eréepiie narrow-leafed Anaciimpferos. . This plant is cultivated in many of the gardens about King flon, where it has been introduced, on account of its conftant greennefs, and the frequent (hooting of its flowers, It is a native of the Keys, or. fmaller fandy iflands beyond Port-Royal; and grows in fpreading tufts, or beds, about the root... All the parts of the plant are very bitter, and frequently ufed by the poorer fort of .people as a ftomachic, and provocative of the menfes, It roots from the lower joints, and is very cafily pro- pagated; but thrives beft in a warm rich foil. TEACH of Bises that. bave. twelve Filaments, and two. or three Styles iz ipit à dica Blower. UPHORBI AL Reclinata minor fubbirfuta, fii riens oppofitis, florum E' fafticulis uxillaribus.- An, Euphorbia dichotoma füliis ferratis, ab ultr latere majoribus; floribus afciculatis terminalibus. Catal. nofiri. Euphorbia dichotoma, foliis. ferrulatis ovatis acuminatis, pedunculis capita» nM axillaribus, caulibus fitofis. LL. Sp. Pl. T ihya Botratdes Zeylonicus. ‘Burm. The. Zey. Cajatia. Pif. & Trap. pag. 138. The creeping hairy Spurge. This little plant is common in all the dry Savannas of Jamaica: itisa weakly reclining herb, and feldom grows above feven or eight inches in length. Pif = f reckons it a fpecific againft cold’ poifons, and directs it to be given either in aside: \ G F: if A ^M AU ZC A. 238 or decoction, It, probably, isa powerful refolutive and deobftruent; for it provokes both fweat and urine very abundantly; and, I doubt not, may be given with fuccefs in moft difeafes arifing from a lentor, or fpitlitude of the juices. EUPHORBIA 2. Minima reclinata, foliolis ovatis denticulatis ab altero lé- i tere majoribus; floribus quafi umbellatis, terminalibus €8 lateralibus. Tithymalus erecfus acris, &c. Slo. Cat, 82. & H. t. 126. The fmall fmooth Spurge. | This little plant is very common about the Ferry; it is a flender weakly creeper, and feldom runs above three or four inches from the root : its branches are {mooth and flender, and the leaves fmall and oval. EUPHORBIA 3. ricbetoma, foliis ovatis verticilliter ternatis, Jafciculis {i forum fpar fis. _ The trichotomous Spurge, with verticillated leaves, This plant grows very common on both fides of the road, between King flon and Hunts-bay; itis furnifhed with moderately thick branches, but feldom rifes- above four feet in height. — umbellatis terminalibus. EUPHORBIA 4. Dichotoma erecta tenuis, foliis linearibus, floribus quaft The fmall ere& Spurge, with linear leaves. "This is greatly recommended as an antidote by Pi/o; arid is the Cajacia of Trap- ham, page 138. who extolls it as an excellent ingredient in baths, for people afflicted with the dry belly-ach :: but there is no need either of this, or any other herbage, on that occafion ; warm water alone being generally: fufficient to give im- mediate eafe. It is, however, requifite to take fome active warm medicines after a paflage is procured, to recover the tone of the veflels ; and I take this to be as powerful a remedy as can be given upon that occafion; or any other, where refolu- tive medicines are required. A decoction feems to be the moft appropriated way of adminiftering it, | ^ "EUPHORBIA 5. Ereéta minor, ramulis oppofitis, fHipulis minoribus rigidis cu- = neiformibus patentibus ad nodos, floribus comofis termina» ibus: The {mall ere& Spurge, with narrow leaves. EUPHORBIA 6. Ereéfa, foliolis ovatis oppofitis, ramulis tenuibus alternatis, The ere& Spurge, with oppofite oval leaves. Thefe three plants are pretty much like one another in the make and delicacy of their (talks and branches, which feldom rife above twenty-four or thirty inches in height, when they grow moft luxuriant; but rarely exceed ten or twelve inches in the low lands. : ; d EUHORBIA 7. Trichotoma fruticofa; ramulis craffis tumentibus; foliis lon- gis anguflis, ad fummitates crebris, inferioribus deciduis, The narrow-leafed fhrubby Spurge. This isa native of the rocky hills of Port-Royal: it is a fhrubby plant; got rifés by a moderate ftalk, and {welling branches, commonly, to the height of / I | j five $6. T H-EANOAIT MW RAR HIS DOR Y five or fix feet, ‘The leaves are long and narrow, and difpofed pretty thick about the extremities of the branches : the flowers are red, and rife on long branched foot-ftalks from the upper divifions, or extremities of the branches. It grows very near the Waterfall in Mammee-river. EUPHORBIA 8. Minima fupina rufefcens, foliolis fubrotundis nitidis oppo- fitis, ramulis floriferis foliolatis ad alas alternas. The {mall creeping Spurge. This little plant is very like the fecond fpecies, and common in all the unfrequent- ed ftreets and gardens about Kzzg//on : it has a weakly flender ftalk like the other, and feldom fhoots above three or four inches from the root; but the leaves are whole, and the flowers feem differently difpofed. EUPHORBIA 9. Humilior erecta; ramulis rarioribus, verticilliter ternatis ; Joliis inferioribus orbiculatis, fuperioribus obovatis. The fmaller ere& Spurge, with verticillated branches. This is a native of the cooler mountains, and feldom rifes above twelve or four- teen inches in height. | 9 EIU e Of Plants that have twelve Filaments and many Styles in every Flower. LUSIA 1. Arborea; foliis craffis nitidis, obovato-fubrotundis ; floribus folitariis, Clufia foliis aveniis. L. Sp. Pl. | Terebinthus, folio fingulari non alato, &c.. Slo, Cat. 167. & H. t. 200, Cencramidea Cafe/b, vol. ii. t. 99. & Pk. Phy. t. 157. — The Balfam Tree. Periantium Polyphyllum imbricatum, ex fquamis fex vel oto fubrotundis, » quatuor feriebus difpofitis, conflata; fuperioribus fenfim ma- oribus. : Corolla Tetrapetala, petalis craffis oblongo-ovatis chochleatis. Stamina Filamenta duo, quandoque tria ad fingula: petalorum interfti- tia, brevia, erecto-patentia & ex areolis diflinclis orta; an- there fubrotunde. Piftillum, Germen craffum fubrotundum, obtufe quadrigonum, truncatum; ylus nullus; ftigmata duodecim diftintta, in orbem circa verticem germinis depreffum pofita. Pericarpium. Capfula craffa fubrotunda plurivalvis, in duodecim loculamen- ta, a vertice ad bafim debifcentia, divifa ; feminibus plu- rimis :fubrotundis, pulpa crocea obvolutis, referta. This fhrubby tree is frequent enough in famaica, and rifes generally to the height of fourteen or fifteen feet: it grows moftly in the lower hills, and delights in a dry ground; but thrives in moft light foils alfo. Wherever the trunk or larger branches of this tree are wounded, they throw out a thick refinous gum, which is fometimes ufed as a vulnerary among the inhabitants of Jamaica; but it has no ex- traordinary {mell, or pungent tafte, - QUE, ip Jik MeAsIJC A. 237 C L A 8 B - XIE Of the Lcofandria, or Vegetables that have twenty Filaments in every Flower. Note, The filaments, in this clafs, vary from twenty to a great number ; but the difpofition of them conftitutes the diftinguifhing mark of the order, for they rife from the fides of the cup in all the genera. Q ME RE IM ee Of Juch as have twenty, or more, Filaments, and one ne Sele in every Flower. ACTUS 1. Sarmentofus foliatus © fpinofus, fpinis geminatis recurvis, foliis _mollibus ovatis. Cactus caule tereti arboreo fpinofo, foliis lanceolato-ovatis.. L. H. Up. & Pl. SP. Perefkia. L. H.C. & Plum. t. 26 i i Groffularie fruétu majori arbor Jpinaja, &c. Slo, Cat, 165. & H. The Goofeberry, or Barbadoes Goofeberry Bufh. CACTUS 2. Bracbiatus €? articulatus, articulis ovatis comprefis, aculeis longiffimis confertis. Ca&tus articulato-prolifer, articulis ovatis, fpinis Hed ails L. Sp. Pl. Cactas Patin articulatus ramoffimus, &c. L, H. C. & Gronovii, Flos RR: gir ii oblongo rotundo, fpinis longiffmis. Slo, Cat. & H. t. 224. The prickly Pear. CACTUS 3. Brachiatus €? articulatus, articulis oblongo-ovatis comprefis, cau- dice ge erecto ferociffimo, aculeis brachiorum brevibus con- ae Ca&us arfticulato- p ifer, articulis digg e hits fabulatis. L. Sp. PI. Opuntia major fpinofa caulefcens, &c. Slo. Cat The upright prickly Pear, with aree ar CACTUS 4. Bracbiatus & articulatus fubinermis major, articulis oblongis €? leniter compreffis. Cactus articulato-prolifer, articulis ovato-oblongis fubinermibus, L. Sp, Pl. Opuntia maxima, folio oblongo rotundo majori. Slo.Cat.& H. ` The Cocheneal-Indian-Fig. CACTUS 5 Mitis minor, farmento flexili rotundo ; frondibus longis compref- fis crenatis, ad ertnas floridis. Cactus prolifer enfiformi-compreffis, gis ae L. Sp. Pk Cactus foliis enfiformibus obtufè ferratis. L.H Opuntia non fpinofa minima caulefcens, &c. Slo. Cat 216, & H. The jointed Ingo of Petiv. Gaz. t. 59. f. 12. The {mall Catus, with long notched leaves. | A Qad CACTUS ie - THE NÀTURXÓLUHI5STPORY CACTUS 6. Debilis, bracbiatus, equalis, triquetrus, [candens vel repens; fpi- nis breviffimis confertis. Ca&us, repens triangularis. L Sp. PI. Cactus friangularis [candens articulatus. L.H.C, Ficus-Indica folio triangulari enfiformi, &c. Slo. C. & H. The Strawberry Pear. CACTUS 7. Cylindraceus, fulcatus, pufillus, repens; aculeis fetacets confertis. Cactus repens decemangularis, L.Sp.Pl. & Cereus minimus, &c. Ehr, t, 11. Opuntia minima ferpens Americana. Slo. Cat. 197. & H. The creeping Indian Fig, with a round furrowed ftalk. CACTUS 8. Cylindraceus ere&ius fulcatus major, fummitate obtufus; aculeis confertis. Ca&us erectus longus fubottangularis, angulis obtufis, L. Sp. Pl. Cactus zovemangularis longus ereétus, angulis obfoletis. L. H. C. Cereus crafifimus, fructu utrinque rubro, Slo. Cat, 196. & H. The larger ere& Indian Fig, or Dildo Pear Tree. CACTUS 9. Ereétus cylindraceus fulcatus tenuior, fummitate aftenuatus; aculeis confertis. An, Cactus erectus longus fubnovem angularis, angulis obfoletis, fpinis land brevioribus. L. Sp. Pl Cereus altifimus gracilior, fructu flavo, &c. Slo. Cat. 197. & H. ii, 158. The fmaller ere& Indian Fig, or Dildo Pear Tree. . CACTUS 1o. Humilis fubrotundus fulcatus & coronatus, fpinis confertis. Cactus quatuordecim-angularis fubrotundus. L. Sp. Pl. & H. Cl, The Turk’s-head, or Pope’s-head Indian Fig. CACTUS 11. Parafiticus, inermis, aphyllus, ramofus, propendens; ramulis gracilibus, teretibus, firiatis. The flender parafitical Currant-Ca&us or Indian F ig. This plant is pretty frequent in 57. Mary's, and grows chiefly on the largeft trees in the wood, hanging commonly to the length of three or four feet from its fattening, or root. Moft of thefe fpecies of the Cacus, or Indian fig, grow in many parts of forges ; but the fourth fort is more rare than any of the reft. All the fpecies ar fucculent berries, which are no ways difagreeable to the palate; but the fruit of the fixth and ninth fpecies are moft efteemed, and fometimes ferved up at table with other fruit. The pulp of the fecond fort is of a delicate red colour ; but it is of a gummy nature, and can't be fixt fo as to ferve either for the dyers or painters purpofe. Moft of the fpecies thrive beft in a dry gravelly foil, and a warm fituation, PSIDIUM 1, Fruticofum, foliis ovatis venofis, fructu majori. Pfidium ramis tetragonis. L. Sp. Pl. & H, C. Guajanus, Mart, 537. & Guajavas frucfu palide dulci. Bur, Thez. Zey. Malo punice affinis pomifera, &c. Slo. Cat. 198. & H. The Guava Tree, This fhrub is very common every where in the paftures of Famaica, and rifes generally from eight to twelve feet in height. It bears a round fruit of a mede- rate fize, which is much efteemed among the natives: this, while immature, i$, zx ; aftringent, iN E i : s ak n — Qu s - O Fr AME A BO: As 239 aftringent, like all the other parts of the tree ; but when it ripens, it is rather lax- ative, and then much ufed both in jellies and cream-difhes; tho' in thefe cafes the inner pulp and the rind is thrown away, and the flefhy part of the fruit only ufed: this is boiled, and when brought to a fuffcient degree of tendernefs, it is fet to cool, and afterwards ferved up with cream, as we do ftrawberries or rafp- berries in many parts of Europe. The wood is very tough, and generally ufed for bows in cattle-yokes. PSIDIUM 2. Arboreum maximum, foliis ovatis nitidis, ligno fufco, fibris un- ulatis, The Mountain Guava. This is one of the largeft trees in the woods of Yamaica, and grows frequently to the height of fixty or feventy feet, with a proportioned thicknefs: it is an ex- cellent timber-wood, of a dark colour and curled grain; works eafily, and takes a fine polifh. It makes very beautiful walking-flicks, and is very different from the fore- going fpecies. PUNICA 1. Fruticofa bumilior, ramulis gracilibus patentibus. Punica. L.H. C. & Sp. PI. The dwarf Pomegranate. PUNICA 2. Fruticofa major, ramulis crafforibus erectis, Malus punica /ativa, aliis fimplici flore. Slo, Cat. & H; . The Pomegranate. Both thefe fpecies, or variations, ate cultivated by many people in Yamaica, and thrive very well in moft parts of the ifland. "The flowers, when double, are the balauflia of the fhops, which is reckoned a powerful aftringent, as well as the rind of the fruit; they are both in ufe, and commonly kept in our fhops, DALEA 1. Arborefcens, foliis majoribus venofis ovatis ; racemis plurimis, per ramos infra frondes fparfis. | An, Malo-poenna. H.M. p.5.t.9. The Dalea, with oval leaves. Periantium Minimum, monopbyllum, campanulatum, truncatum, Corolla Nulla. AER Pe Stamina. Filamenta numerofa, antheris minimis fubbirfutis. — Piftillum. Germen fubrotundum calice immer fum ; ftylus brevis; figma acutum, Pericarpium. Bacca minima fubrotunda, nucleo unico nauco duro tecfo, re- ferta. This fmall tree is common in the cooler woods of Jamaica, and very re- markable, for the number of {mall loofe clufters of little berries, that grows upon its branches, below the leaves. The tree is of a {preading form, and rifes com- monly to the height of fourteen or fifteen feet. The flowers and fruit are very {mall, and difpofed like thofe reprefented in t. 31. of Burm. Tbez. Zey, but the leaves and flowers of this feem to be different from thofe reprefented there, CHYTRACULIA 1. Arborea, foliis ovatis glabris oppofitis, racemis termi- nalibus. Tab. 57. f, 2. An, Chytraculia, &c. Pk, t. 274. f. 2? An, Belluta. H.M. p. 5. t. 20? Baftard Green-heart. feet | Fern ko THE NATURAL HISTORY Periantium Monophyllum obverfé conicum, concavum, operculo proprio fub- concavo & lateraliter adnato, prima etate tectum. Corolla Nulla; fed operculo maturitate reflexo, obviam fe produnt Filamenta Plurima longiora contorta caduca, e parietibus calicis orta; anthere fubrotunde. Piftillum, “Sig minimum in fundo calicis fitum; ftylus fimplex longitu- dine flaminum , igma acutum. Pericarpium, €. defiderantur. This tree grows chiefly in the parifh of Sz, Jobn, and is generally reckoned an excellent timber-wood; but it feldom exceeds fourteen or fifteen inches in diameter, The fize and fhape of the under part of the cup, with its filaments, is very well reprefented in PÅ. tho’ I very much doubt if he intended the fame plant. I have not feen any of the fruit or enlarged germina of this tree, though I have ex- amined many of the flowers in all ftates. SUZYGIUM 1. Fruticofum, foliis ovatis nitidis & ramulis ubique jugatis. Tabu $3. The fhrubby Suzygium, with coupled leaves and branches. Periantium Audios: um apertum, ad apicem truncatum. Corolla Stamina. File ente numerofa e parietibus calicis orta; anthere irregulares, Piftillum. Germen fubrotundum depreffum, calice telum & coronatum ; ftylus Simplex, flaminibus paulo longior ; fügma acutum. Pericarpium. Bacca -globoja calice coronata, quatuor feminibus. glabris, Jübangulatis, referta : Obf. femen unum vel alterum tan- tum, plerumque ad maturitatem pervenit. This fhrub grows near the Ferry, and feldom rifes above ten or twelve feet in height: the whole plant is buhy, and bears black berries, crowned with the margin of the cup. I have never feen but one tree of the kind; it grew at the corner of the road under the hill, as you turn directly towards the bridge. PHILADELPHUS? 1. Arborefeens, foliis myrtineis nitidis oppofitis, ramulis gracilibus, pedunculis bipartitis alaribus. An, Eugenia foliis integerrimis, pedunculis unifloris. L. Sp. Pl? Myrtifolia arbor cortice argenteo, &c. Slo, Cat. 162. & H. t. 187. Jin, Eugenia, &c. Mich. Hill. t. 2*.? | arubby Philadelphus, with Myrtle leaves ; or the Silver Tree. Periantium Duplex; inferius, feu fructus, bipbyllum, foliolis ovato-acutis : . . fuperius feu Joris, monophyllum pregnans; limbus quadri- eel APNR ! "Corolla ^ Tetrapetala, petalis majoribus fubrotundis. Stamina. Filamenta numerofa, e fundo calicis & fummo gednine oría, lon- _ gitudine corolle; anthere fubrotunda. Pitilkim, Germen ovatum depreffum, calice tetium & coronatum ; Aylus - c Simplex; longitudine floris ; Rigma obtufiufculum. Peri Bacca five capfula carnofa Mbbalaris Jeminibus plurimis referta. The little tree is frequent i in ‘the red hills, and remarkable for its flender branches and myrtle leaves: it is now comr nly. called Rod-wood by the negroes, and is looked upon as a good timber-wood ; but it feldom grows above four or five inches in diameter, There is a variation of i it with finaller leaves, but they are juft of t fame make. It is common in the' lówer'parts'of- the parith of St. David. The 2 PHILA- \ EE L-A MINT SCA 241 PHILADELPHUS? 2. Arborefcens, foliis ovato-acuminatis, leniter crenatis, oppofitis , racemis lateralibus. The larger Philadelphus. Both thefe plants are pretty frequent in Jamaica; but neither of them has any thing of a warm tafte. The latter rifes frequently to the height of fifteen or fixteen feet, and has fomething of the appearance of Myrtle. The parts of the flower agree very perfectly in both; but as I have not feen the fruit of either ripe, I can't determine whether it be a berry or a capfule, though the germen fhews the difpo- fition of the fruit, as to its formation and parts, to be perfectly the fame in both: and I think they belong more properly to the following clafs; for the leaves of the flower rife in an alternate’ order with the fegments of the cup, and the filaments fhoot immediately from the top of the germen. AMYGDALUS 1. Foliis oblongis ferratis, ferraturis acutis; pericarpio molli, L. Sp. Pl. | The Peach Tree. AMYGDALUS 2. Foliis petiolatis, ferraturis infimis glandulofis. L, Sp. | Pl. &H.c. The Almond Tree. Both thefe plants were introduced to "famaica fome years ago, and have been fince cultivated both in the higher and lower mountains; but do not thrive well enough to bear fruit in either. SEs ©. Beate Of Vegetables that have twenty Filaments, and five Styles, in every Flower. P' RUS 1, Foliis ferratis, pomis bafi concavis. L. Sp. PI. The Apple Tree. A great many variations of this tree have been introduced to Jamaica, from time to time; and cultivated in the cooler mountains of the ifland: but they do not grow to any great perfection, and feldom have any feeds in the fruit, which is generally very tart, and ufed only becaufe uncommon, AIZOON 1. Repens, foliis oblongis turgidis, floribus fefilibus fingularibus ad las. i Portulacca Aizoides maritima procumbens, &c. Slo. Cat. 88, The creeping Aizoon. This plant is very common in all the low lands about the Ferry, and grows in thick beds, on every fpot of ground that rifes above the level of the water, | A Is very fucculent, and full of a meutro-alkalefcent falt, which may be eafily extracted ; and would probably anfwer all the purpofes for which the falts of the Ka/ are now ' ufed. Rrr : S SECT, jas TIE O NA TURAE HS TOO 'R Y ue ud O6 Ico IE Of Plants that have twenty Filaments, and many Styles, in every Flower. - OSA 1. Caule aculeato, pedunculis levibus, calicibus femipinnatis glabris. L < L. Sp. PI. Rofa rubra, flore valde pleno & femipleno, &c. L.H.C. The Rofe Plant. This plant was introduced to Jamaica fome years ago, and cultivated in many parts of the ifland with fuccefs. It thrives fo luxuriantly in the mountains of New ~ Liguanea, that, with. a little care, it may be kept conftantly in bloom almoft the - year round; and, even without any borrowed aíliftance, is now obferved to pro- duce a moft amazing number of flowers, in a gradual, and almoft perpetual fuc- ceffion: but the flowers are feldom fo large, and open rather too foon in that cli- ‘mate. The leaves of the flowers vary their qualities more or lefs, with their co- lours; théy are more aftringent with a deeper red, and more laxative when of a paler caft. There is a fimple water and a conferve, as well as the dried leaves of the flowers, commonly kept in the fhops. RUBUS 1. Aculeatus, foliis digitato-quinatis, ferratis, fubtus argenteis. Rubus foliis quinato- digitatis ternatifque; caule petiolifque aculeatis. Ly Sp. PI. Rubus foliis longioribus, &c. Slo. Cat. 173. & H. t. 212. The Blackberry Bramble. This plant is a native of ¥amaica, and grows frequent in the mountains of Sz, Mary's, and thofe beyond Mount Diable, towards St. Ann’s; but is feldom feen in .. any other part of the ifland. RUBUS? 2. Maximus, vix aculeatus; foliis ternato-ternatis, ovatis, quandoque crenatis. The larger climbing Bramble. This plant grows in many parts of Jamaica, and is frequently found climbing among the talleft trees in the wood; though it feems to grow more freely in the more open parts of the mountains. I have not feen any of its flowers, and placed it here only from its appearance. The ftem and foot-ftalks are fometimes furnifhed with a few prickles. FRAGARIA 1. Flagellis reptans. L. H.C. & Sp. Pl. Fragaria vulg. C. B. The Strawberry Plant. This plant has been carried to Jamaica from Europe, and is now cultivated, with fuccefs, in the mountains of Lzguanea : but it does not bear above once a year; nor, then, fo luxuriantly as it is obferved to do in the northern climates. G Æ I. A AME I AO A 343 G LAE See T Of the Polyaudria, or Vegetables that have many Filaments in every Flower. | Sh BR eOiidorio F Of fuch as have many Filaments and one Style iz every Flower. YMPHÆA 1. Foliis amplioribus profunde crenatis, fübtus areolatis. <- Nymphaea foliis cordatis dentatis. . L. Sp. PI. Nymphea Indica tuberofa, foliis ad marginem crenatis, &c. The. Zey. Nymphaa Indica folio in ambitu ferrato. Slo, Cat. 120. Nymphaea & Lotus Ægyptia authorum, Ambel H.M. p.11. t.26. - The Ægyptian Lotus, or Water-Lilly, with erenated leaves. This plant is very common in all the ponds, 7222045, and rivers, about the Fer- ry; and throws up fome beautiful large white flowers, fuftained, each, by a fimple long cylindric foot-ftalk. All parts of the plant may be ufed for the fame purpofes, for which thofe of the common water-lily are recommended ; for it is, like that, an excellent cooler, and, probably, would anfwer well in the yellow fever, where fuch gentle cooling calmers alone can be adminiftered with fucce(s, NYMPH/EA 2. Foliis: orbiculatis, peltatis, fubtus radiatis; fructu obverfé conico, feminibus majoribus nidulantibus. Nympha foliis undique integris... L. Sp. Pl. & H.C. - Nymphza Indica maxima, ffore.albo. fabifero. . Muf. & Thez. Zey. Nymphea Aigyptia fabifera, pedunculis afperfis. Pk. t. 322. f. 1. Nelumbo. Tournefortii. z Faba Ægyptia authorum, ` Tamara. H: M, p. 11, t.30.. : The Zizyptian Bean, or Great Water-Lilly. This plant is pretty common in the /agoons beyond the Ferry; but I have not ob- ferved it.in any of the deeper waters. It feems to grow beft in a loofe boggy ground, where the leaves may ftand in open air, while the roots, and lower parts of the ftem are plentifully fupplied with moifture, | — . — x . I thall not mention any thing of the doubts and confufion, which the ambiguous defcriptions and accounts, left us by the ancient writers, concerning the form and ufes of this plant, have occafioned in the works of our moft noted botanifts: but were I to give my own thoughts upon the occafion, I fhould, without hefitation, attribute it to a miftake in the original writers; who, under the title of Faba Aigyp- tia, have given a thorough defcription of the upper parts of this plant; and as ac- curate an account of the roots of the lefler Co/locafia, now common y called. Cacces, in Jamaica. This is fo agreeable to truth, that every man who is acquainted with both thefe plants, may, by feparating the parts of the defcription, form a thorough idea of each; and fo exact a one, as to anfwer all the effential marks and noted characters peculiar to the refpective parts of both; tho' they never agree with either, in the hole; snor with any,other known plant, even in a confiderable part. And from hence we may conclude, that the whole confufion proceeds from an ertor in the ori- ginal defcriptions, arifing, probably, from fome erroneous information. didi ^ a ba IH EANOAT BU RAL HIS DORY MARCGRAVIA 1. Scandens, foliis caulinis fubrotundis, ad margines glan- dulatis; ramorum integris, ovatis, alternis, diftiche fitis; floribus umbellatis terminalibus. Tab. 26. Maregravia. L.Sp, Pl..& Plum, Gen. VEINS oe Philitidi [candenti affinis major, &c. :Slo, Cat. 15. & El. t. 28. The climbing Marcgravia. This curious plant is frequent in the woods of Jamaica; and appears in fuch various forms, that it has been often miftaken for different plants, in the different {tages of its growth. . It.is but a flender weakly climber at firft, (See Tab. 26. f. 1.) and, as it rifes, throws out a few leaves, fomewhat of the form of a heart, on/both fides: thefe are fuftained by very fhort foot-{talks, and ftand always oppofite to a number of flender radical fibres, whereby it fticks and grows to its fupporter. By thefe means the plant continues its growth, until it gains the top, and lays its trunk more commodioufly over fome of the larger branches of the trees then it begins to ftrengthen, and cafts many flender, dependent, and fuübdivided, ‘branches from the upper parts. But as it increafes at the top, the ftem grows thicker, feparates from the fupporter, throws off its now ufelefs leaves and roots, and appears a ftrong withey fhrub, whofe trunck is frequently no lefs than four or five inches in diameter. The branches of this plant hang always downwards, (See Tab. 26. f. I.) bearing their leaves, in an alternate bat diftich order. ''T'he flowers are fuftained by long foot- ftalks, and difpofed in the form of an wmbella, about the extremities of the branches; but the fummit, or crown of the fupporter, is conftantly adorned with four, five, or more hollow, divergent, glandular bodies, that occupy the center of the umbella: thefe are of an arched oblong form, obtuíe and roundifh ; they are hollow within, and affixed by very fhort foot-ftalks, "that rife immediately from one fide of the aper- ture, or opening of the gland; which is fo difpofed, as to receive the water that dribbles down along the branch in rainy weather. What the real ufe of thefe may be, is not eafily determined: it is, however, remarkable, that the leaves of the branches are plain, of an oblong oval form, with a fmooth membranous edge; while thofe of the younger plants are always obferved to have many little glands, fet gradually round the margin. ARGEMONE 1. Spinofum fucco luteo turgidum. — Argemone capitults quinquevalvibus, foliis fpinofis. L., Sp..Pl& H. C. Papaver- /2:20um. C.B. | ees - The yellow Thiftle. This plant is pretty common in all the fugar-colonies, where the feeds are looked upon as an excellent remedy, and frequently adminiftered by the inhabitants, in diarrhoeas, and bloody-fluxes : they have a pungent warm tafte ; but it does not ma- nifeft itfelf for fome time upon the palate. They work both by ftooland vomit, and have been frequently adminiftered in the dry belly-ach, by the good women; but we have much fafer and better medicines for both thefe diforders ; though this may be adminiftered with fuccefs, where the parts are relaxed or weakly; or the diforder proceeds from an indigeftion; which is frequently the cafe in thofe climates, - As this medicine is given only by the country people, the dofe is yet very various ; for they commonly meafure the feeds with a thimble, and give from one to five of thefe (well pounded) at a time. The juice is very deterfive, and generally ufed in the difeafes of the eyes: but the infufion is looked upon as a fudorific and refolu- tive, which may be ufed, with fuccefs, on many occafions, | Ur HOM HI N í «t BOCCONIA 1. Ra "A Solis majoribus -finuatis, racemis termin libus, 2 Bocconia e Ld GE. FIN. MUEG AUT us Bocconia. L. Gen. Sp. Pl. & H. C. & Bocconia. Plum. t. 25. Cheledonium majus arboreum, &c. Slo. Cat. 82. & H. t. 12 s. Parrot- Weed. This fhrubby plant i is pretty common in all the fhady gullies, that lie among the hills and mountains, in the inland parts of the ifland : it is full of a thick yellow ` juice, like the Argemone and Celandine; and rifes commonly to the height of eight or nine feet. CALOPHYLLUM? 1. koii tripedalibus obovatis, floribus per caulem & amos fparfis. An, Calophyllum foliis ice obtufis. - L. Sp. PI. Palmis affinis malus perfica maxima, &c. Slo, Cat. 179. & H. t. 216, 17. The Anchovee Pear Tree. Periantium Monophyllum integrum cyathiforme, etate in quatuor partes, ut | plurimum, laceratum. Corolla Tetrapetala, petalis fubrotundis craffis cocbleatis. Stamina. Filamenta numerofa e fundo floris orta, corolla longiora; an- there Jubrotundz. Pifllum. Germen leniter depreffum, calice immerfum; ftylus nullus ; ftig- ma craffum quadrigonum, cructatim in fojjulam excavatum. Pericarpium. Drupa magna eliptico-ovata utrinque acuminata, unilocu- aris. Semen Nucleus magnus folitarius, nauco ligneo molliort, otto a: decem Julcts longitudinalibus notato, teétus. — "This beautiful tree is frequent in many parts of Jamaica, and grows, generally, in low moiít bottoms, or (hallow waters. It rifes commonly to the height of twenty or thirty feet, or more; and is furnifhed with large oval leaves about the top: but bears all its fruit and bloffoms from the body and larger limbs of the tree; which, with its upright growth and large leaves, gives it a very clegant appearance. The feeds grow very readily, wherever they meet with a fufücient quantity of moifture, and propagate fo thick, that the trees are alwafs found formed into thickets, or . large clufters, wherever they grow. THAMNIA 1. Foliis ovatis leviffime crenatis letà virentibus nitidis b deg: petiolis brevibus, pedunculis gentculatis. The fhrubby Thamunia, with a light green folo Periantium Nullum Corolla Tetrapetala, petalis fubrotundis cochleatis. Stamina. Filamenta numerofifima brevia, ad bafin leniter mens an- there /ubrotunda. Pifüillum. Germen ovatum; ftylus nullus vel breviffimus ; em ebtufum, riato- radiatum. Pericarpium. Bacca videtur unilocularis nucleo unico referta. Immatura € minora tantum obferoare licuit. This fhrub was tou in the red hills, above the Angels: it is not common in the ifland. MUNTINGIA 1.-Fraticofa € villfas foliis ferratis Maie n ak uno fitore brevioribus. Sia — Muntingia, S 246 THEANATURIAL|HIS TORY Muntingia. Plum. t.26. : ies Muntingia. L. Sp. Pl. & Muntingia pedunculis umfloris. H.C. The villofe Muntingia. This fhrub is frequent in all the hills and lower mountains of Yamaica, and rifes - commonly to the height of ten or twelve feet. The branches are very irregular and fpreading, the twigs flender, and the leaves hairy and narrow, ítretching muc further back on one fide of the foot-ftalk, than they do on the other, “4 BREYNIA 1. Fruticofa, foliis oblongis obtufis. "Tab. 27. f. 1. Breynia. Plum. t. 16. - Breynia foliis oblongo-ovalibus. Roy. €$ L. Sp. Pl. Cynophallophoros five penis caninus, &c. Pk. t. 172. £. 4. Aa, t. 221. , f. 1? | | S vested mirado. mna .1i Accaciis affinis filiquofa arbor. Et cerationie affinis, &c. Slo. Cat. & H. | | The fhrubby Breynia. — | BREYNIA 2. “Arborefcens, foliis ovatis utrinque acuminatis, filiqua torofa, . | longiffima. | : Breynia, &c. Pk. t. 327. f.6. I Agati. H. M. p. 3. t. 51. The larger Breynia. The firft of thefe plants is very common in the lower hilly lands of Famaica; it grows in a tufted form, and feldom rifes above five or fix feet in height: but the z : other is more rare, and grows into a fhrubby tree. I have feen only one plant of | this fecond fort: it grew near Port Antonio. | | - BREYNIA 35. Fruticofa, foliis fiigularibus, oblongo-ovatis, fuperne nitidis, f- liquis minoribus teretibus equalibus. Tab. 27. fig. 2. e The Muftard-fhrub, with a willow-leaf. This plant is common in all the Savannas, and low lands about King fton, It grows generally to the height of nine or ten feet, and throws out a number of flen- der fub-ere&t branches, adorned with oblong leaves; which appear dirty and opake, as if they were dufted, underneath. All the parts of the plant have a ftrong pun- gent {mell and tafte, like moft of the muftard tribe. | ie . CRATEVA 1. Arborea triphylla, foliis ovatis glabris, racemis terminalibus, Arbor Americana tripbylla, &c. Pk. t. 147. f. 6. Rost The thin-leafed Crateva, or Garlick Pear. Pemantium Monophyllum campanulatum, ad marginem incraffatum, fo- E Seem, liolis quatuor linearibus ornatum. | Corolla etrapetala, petalis anguftis inequalibus declinatis, e margine in- ! Eu v. teriori calicis unguibus tenuibus ortis, © interflitiis foliorum vs c geriantii oppofitis. | za Stamina. — Filamenta ccfodecim, vel plura, ab imulo Juflentaculo germinis orta, 2 - corolld duplo longiora, declinata ; antheræ oblongee. : 113 Pifillum. Suffentaculum inferne eraffum, fiylobatiforme ; fuperne attenua- ! tum, & longitudine flaminum; germen fubrotundum parvum Juflinens :- ftylus fupra, nullus : fligma obtufiufculum, germint 2 é M e : : Mies TUR UNE ANE E Pericarpium. QUE SH OA MEA Paci A: 245 Pericarpium, Capfuld carnofa, maturitate baccata, in duo loculamenta bicel- lulata, fepto membranaceo femidivifa. Semina Plura nidulantta. CRATEVA 2. Arborea triphylla, foliis craffis ovatis. Crateva znermis. LL. Sp. PI. Anona érifolia, &c.. Slo. Cat. 205. & H. t. 225. Tapia Pifonis. The Garlick Pear Tree. CRATEVA 3. Fruticofa; foliis fingularibus oblongis utrinque acutis, fubtus quafi villofis; floribus otfandris, racemis comofis alaribus. Tab. 28. f. x. . The Muftard- fhrub, with willow leaves. - This plant is common every where in the low lands of Famaica, and fttongly impregnated with an acrid volatile falt; like moft of the muftard tribe, among whom it ought to be placed. The two firft fpecies are very like each other, and rife frequently from ten to twenty feet in height: but the laft fort feldom fhoots above eight or nine; and is more regular in the form and difpofition of the cup and flower-leaves, as well as nectaria; which we find to agree in every refpect with the general difpofition of the Tefradynamia, to which clafs it properly belongs. lt may be ranged in a peculiar divifion with the Cleome of Linneus. CARYOPHYLLUS 1. Foliis oblongo-ovatis oppofitis, racemis lateralibus © terminalibus, | The Bayberry Tree, and Bayberry of Hughes. Pi. x. This tree is common enough both in Antigua and Jamaica, as well as Barbadoes, and grows generally to a confiderable fize. It fills the woods with the fra- grant fmell of its leaves, which nearly refembles that of cinnamon; but the bark has no warmth of that fort, tho’ the berries refemble our cloves very much, both in fu ooo favour. so un | As the characters of this plant differ but very little from thofe of the following fpecies, we will content ourfelves, at prefent, with the d-fcription of the parts of the other. This fort is called the Wild Cinnamon or Wild Clove tree, by mok. people, both in Antigua and Jamaica. 1 ` CARYOPHYLLUS 2. Foliis oblongo-ovatis glabris alternis, racemis termina- libus €8 lateralibus. Myrtus foliis alternis. L. Sp. Pl... i Caryophyllus aromaticus Americanus, &c, Pk. t. 1 H f. 4. Myrtus arborea aromatica, &c. Slo. Cat. 161. & H. t. 171. An, Cambery. Pif. 178? Pimento, or All-fpice. Periantium Duplex: fructificationis minimum quadridentatum ; floris mo- nopbyllum germini impofitum, in quatuor partes fubrotundas tono. JuD ae d Corolla Tetrapetala, petalis interfitiis calicis oppofítis. ! Stamina. Filamenta numerofa e parietibus calicis C9. fummitate germinis orta, ereifo-patentia , anthere fabrotunde. gum Piftillum. Germen fubrotundum calice floris coronatum; ftylus erectus Va dos fimplex, longitudine flaminum ; ftigma obtufum, Pericarpium, “48 TH EANAT.U RA BD HISTOR'Y Pericarpium, Bacca Jicculenta globofa bilocularis, Semina Orbiculato-reniformia, leniter comprefja, folitaria, This tree grows naturally almoft every where in Jamaica; and is now cultivated, with great care, in many parts of the ifland, where it is planted in regular walks. The trees.begin to bear in three years after they ate firft planted, but are not perfect under feven; and then they begin to pay the labour beftowed upon them very abundantly. They thrive beft in thofe rocky lands, that can be hardly put to any other ufe; but they alfo grow very luxuriantly, and bear very plentifully, in every rich mould that ftands upon a gravelly bottom; and feldom fail the expectation, be they planted where they will. The root is branched, and fpreading; the trunk fmooth and fhort, and feldom above eight or ten inches in diameter; tho' you may fometimes meet with fome above fourteen. The tops of the trees are generally pretty much divided, and rife in clofe tufts: the leaves and bark are very warm, and full of aromatic particles, which makes them extremely cautious of fire, in all Pimento- walks, where, if it fhould once catch, it runs with great fury. ' When the berries arrive to a full growth, they are picked: (but, this, muft be done before they begin to ripen) they are then dried in the fun, upon dardicues. or boarded floors, raifed a little from the ground, and edged, and divided into four or more lodges; that each may contain a day's picking. . During the firft and fecond. day, they are turned very often, to expofe them the more to the fun; but when they begin to dry, they are frequently winnowed, and-put into fheets, that they may be the more eafily preferved from the dew or rain; ftill expofing them to the fun every day, until they are fufficiently dried, which is known by the colour, and the rattling of the feeds in the berries; and then they are put up in bags, or hogíheads, for the market. Such of the berries as come to full maturity, do, like many other feeds, lofe that aromatic warmth for which they are efteemed, and acquire a tafte perfectly like that of Juniper-berries; which renders them a very agreeable food for the birds, the moft induftrious planters of thefe trees. | Some of thefe trees are frequently obferved to be barren, which has introduced : a notion among the people of Jamaica, of their being male and female trees, in general ; and that fome of the male, or barren trees, were requifite in every walk; which, as they are commonly many, is a vaft detriment. It is, however, certain, that all thofe I have obferved, were hermaphrodites: and I am credibly informed that thofe they call males, when lopped and broke like the reft, for oné or two years, do bear very well: which I am the more apt to believe, as I have never obferved a . diftinct male or a female flower on any of them. ey The berries of this tree have an agreeable aromatic and fubaftringent tafte, which recommends them beyond any other fpice, both in the kitchen and the fhop. We now have a delicate aromatic oil diftilled from them, which anfwers all the purpo- fes, for which the oils of cinnamon and cloves have been generally ufed; and is thought to be rather better than either, as it joins an aftringency to its warmth. the parts of the tree are more or lefs aromatic and fubaftringent ; but the leaves feem to abound moft in volatile warm particles, | | - alaribus. Ta CARYOPHYLLUS 3. Fruticofus, foliis lanceolatis oppofitis, floribus geminatis 525 Ls. The narrow-leafed Caryophyllus. This is a very beautiful little fhrub, and rifes commonly to the height of three or four feet, fometimes more: it anfwers the characters of the genus in every part of the flower and fruit; but does not fhew the leaft warmth in the tafte. I had it from Mr, Rodert/on, a furgeon, in Clarendon, who found it growing in that parifh. MAMMEA /—————————— RR e MI m AS Or Bi} A MHA TOA 249 MAMMEA 1. Maxima, foliis longioribus, cortice Jàlcato cinereo, Mamei.. Plum. t. 4. z An, Mammea flaminibus flore longioribus. L. Sp. PI. Mali Perfice Mammee dice folio longiori. Slo. Cat. 180. MIMOSA 11, Frutefcens, fpinofa & aculeata; filiquis birfutis, ——— — Mimofa foliis conjugatis pinnatis; foliolis æqualibus ; fiipulis fpinofis. Ln Sp. Pl. : ! The thorned Senfitive, from Panama. n d This is the moft curious plant of the fort, I have obferved in that part of the world; it was introduced to Jamaica from the main continent, and is now culti- vated. in fome of the gardens of the curious; but is yet rare. It is a fhrut plant, and rifes commonly to the height denn or eight s ; but n à THE NATUR ELIHILSDORY branches and ribs are full of fhort recurved thorns: and each rib again emits a number of long and flender aculei; from the inter-fpaces of its foliations, or fmalleft ribs; which, like fo many needles, guard and defend their tender leaves. The branches of this fhrub are moderately thick; but the leaves are fmall, and very apt to move on every occafion. The filiques, or pods, are compreffed and hairy; and, when ripe, divide into as many fegments, or parts, as there are feeds, which fall off feparately: thefe parts or portions are held, in the natural ftate, between two ribs, that run along the margins of the pod ; in the inward grooves of which they moye with great eafe, when contracted and detached from each other. . MIMOSA 12; Nobilifima armata repens, pinnis bigeminatis pinnatis, The prickly creeping Senfitive. This little plant was, probably, introduced to Yamaica from fome other part of the world; but it is now cultivated in many of the gardens about King fton: it grows in {mall tufts, and fpreads generally from one, to two or three fect about the root. [ts leaves are very {mall, and the flower-fpikes oblong; but the pods feldom ripen in that ifland. The foliage of this plant is extremely fenfitive, and moves rea- dily with every perturbation; or even, a fudden change in the atmofphere. MIMOSA 13. Minima herbacea, vix tripolicaris; capfulis monofpermibus bir- utis: An, Mimofa foliis conjugatis pinnatis, partialibus bijugatis fubrotundis, | Pl caule berbaceo inermi, | |. Sp. Pl. Mimofa herbacea non fpinofa minima repens, &c. Slo. Cat, & H, t. 182. 7. The {malleft creeping Senfitive of Famaica. This little plant is frequent in many of the paftures of Jamaica, efpecially thofe fituated at the foot of the mountains, in Sixteen-mile-walk, and St. Thomas in the Eaft. It grows in beds, and creeps by very delicate ftalks along the ground; but thefe feldom exceed three or four inches in length. It is very fenfitive, and con- tracts its leaves on every flight touch, or fudden change of the atmofphere, : BIXA 1. Foliis cordatis cum acumine, floribus racemofis terminalibus. Bixa. L. Sp. Pl. & H. Cl. Mitella maxima tinétoria. "Tourn. Urucu Pif. & Urucu of Knivet, Slo. Cat. rs0. & H. t. 131. f. r. The Roucou, or Arnotto Tree. This curious fhrub is pretty frequent in the cooler vales of famaica, and rifes com- monly to the height of eight or nine feet, fometimes more: it thrives beft in a cool rich foil, and fhoots moft luxuriantly near fprings and rivulets. All the feeds of this plant are covered with wax, which is carefully gathered in many parts of America; and is what generally goes by the name of Terra Orellana, Roucou, and Arnotto. This commodity is manufactured in the following manner, viz. When the feed-veffels are full grown, and in a perfect ftate of maturity, they are picked off and opened; and the feeds gathered and put into convenient jars. When they have a quantity of thefe proportioned to their veffels and defign, they throw in as much hot water as may be fufficient to dilute and fufpend the pulp or wax, with eafe, which is gradually wafh- ed away from the feeds, both with the hands and fpatula, When all the wax is wafhed off, and the feeds appear quite naked, they are taken out, and the wath left to fettle: but when the wax is thoroughly fubfided, the clear incumbent waters are decanted off, and the fediment put into fhallow veflels, to be dried gradually in the fhade, When this mafs acquires a due confiftence, it is made into balls, or cakes andN \ x Ori AIMER dC: A 255 and left to dry in fome open airy place, until it grows firm and hard; and then it is fit for ufe, or the market. This plant is propagated by the feeds, and may be cultivated with great eafe, in every moift and fertile vale among the hills. The wax is a cool agreeable rich cordial, and has been long in ufe among the Indians and Spaniards in America, who ftill mix it with their chocolate, both to heighten the flavour, and raife the colour. It is faid to be a fuccefsful remedy in bloody-fluxes: it is alfo ufed as a pigment; and not unfrequently mixed up with other ingredients, both by the painters and the dyers. ‘The roots have much the fame properties with the wax; but thefe are obferved to work more powerfully by the urinary paflages: they are ufed by fome people in their broths, and feem to anfwer all the purpofes of the pulp; but in a more faint degree, S Hp £c T In Of Plants that have many Filaments, and four or more Styles in | every Flower. ETRACERA? 1. Foliis amplis ferratis, obovatis cum acumine; capfulis bi- eminis. Arbor maxima forte prunifera, cortice canabina, &c. Slo. Cat. 184. & H. t. 130. An, arbor Americana convolvulacea, &c. Pk. t. 146. f. r. The Broad-leaf Tree. This tree is pretty frequent in the woods of Yamaica, and commonly looked upon as one of the beft timber-trees in the ifland. It grows to a very confiderable fize, and rifes, generally, by a ftraight well-proportioned trunk; bearing its foliage chiefly about the extremities of its branches. I have not met with any of the flowers of this plant in a perfe& ftate, fo that I am obliged to range it from a very uncertain examination, CLEMATIS 1. Scandens, foliis quinquenerviis ovatis nitidis pinnato-ternatis. Clematis. Mufei & The, Zey. | | Clematis prima five fyl'vefiris latifolia, &c. Slo. Cat. 84. & H. t. 128. The three-foliated Climber, or Traveller's- Joy. - I found this plant in the red hills; it is a climber, and raifes itfelf frequently to the top of the largeft trees in the wood: the ftalk is tough and flender, and the leaves roundifh and fhining. ! ANNONA 1. Foliis oblongo-ovatis nitidis, fructibus fpinis mollibus tumentibus obfitis. | Annona foliis ovali-lanceolatis nitidis planis, pomis muricatis. L. Sp. Pl. & dnce Anona maxima, &c. Slo. H. t, 225. €? Anona fructu conoide viridi, &c. ihare f 3. Anona fructu virefcenti. Muf. & The. Zey. Guanabanus. Plum. g. t. 10. The Sour-fop Tree. This fhrubby tree grows wild in all the low lands of Yamaica, and is one of the moft common plants in every Savanna. It rifes generally to the height of twelve or fifteen foot, fometimes more ; and bears a very large fucculent fruit, which is gene- . rally agreeable to all new comers, and moft other over-heated habits : but it is fo pat 4 > a6 THE NATURAL HISTORY mon, and fo much in ufe among the negroes ; that it is now hardly ever ufed among the better fort of people. ANNONA 2. Foliis oblongo-ovatis undulatis venofis, floribus LE fruti- . bus mamillatis,> «j Annona foliis oblongis, fruétibus obtufè fguamofi. L. Sp. PL. ^Anona foliis odoratis, ec; Slo. Cat.’205. & H. t. 227. The Sweet-fop, or Sugar Apple Tree. | This, like the foregoing, is a native of the low lands, and Sb of Ya- maica; but it feldom grows fo large as that. The fruit of this fpecies is pretty much efteemed by many of the fair fex, tho’ feldom ferved up at table. ANNONA 3. Foliis oblongis undulatis venofis, fructibus areolatis. Annona foliis oblongis, fructibus ovatis reticulato-areolatis, L, Sp. Pl. Ms Anona maxima, &c... Slo. Cat. 204. H. t. 226. : The Cuftard Apple Tree.» s . ANNONA 4. Uligimfa, foliis nitidis ovatis, fructibus ps "— e ` Anona aquatica, Slo, Cat. 205. & H. t. 228. 9 - Anona Americana juxta. fluviorum ripas innafcens. Pk. t. 240. f. 6A Ei Anona, &c. Thez, Zey. p. 30, 5. The Alligator Apple Tree, or Cork-wood. Both thefe fpecies are common in the low lands. The firft grows in dry places, and bears a fruit, which is much efteemed by many people: the öther is moft com- monly found in foft marfhy places, and bears a fine fweet-fcented fruit, of no dif- agreeable flavour; but it is faid to be a ftrong narcotic, and is not ufed on that ac- count. The wood of this tree is fo very foft, even after it is- dried; that it is fre- quently ufed by tbe country. people, inftead ofcorks) to ftop up their jugs and cala- bathes ; from whence it has now univerfally obtained the name of Cork-wood in Jamaica. ANN ONA 5. Foliis amplioribus Jerrato-crenatis, fruu rotundo fpinis mola libus ornato. The Annona, with ferrated leaves, I found this fpecies near the cave in JPefimoreland, but have never feen a fecond plant of the fort: it grows much of the fame fize with the other fpecies, but the fruit is much fmaller, and the prickles more clofe. The p and form of oe jenes aiuaeutb it ey from all the others, | we: & i iM ] 114 xut Wsu 30205 yi ris; TEN T TE i iG í x À T T apte misi) TNT : | "MUSS “CLAS S “Sis ERN LLL E o UETIOQO 1 52H d io fe 4 p 4 N to cuiii as | dz? Co. RU Of the Didynamia, or, Vegetables that have four Filaments in every: Flower; of which two are re- markably longer, and more perfe& than the reft. SNB The flower s of this ven gener; ee and labiated, went io S: vilis p» que eda of “eka as "d ru one, Kod, or "four naked Jeeds to p every flower ; and. thefe difpofed regularly in. the battom of the empalements. Bebe Tree M 1. Hirfutum, foliis cordatis ferrato- ub nuatis, asi | oy \jbus verticilliter fpicatis. ` Tab. 18. fig. posteri bct S vm betonicee foliis. Burm. The. Zey. t. 71. Mentaftrum maximum. Slo. Cat. 64. & H. t. 102 Spikenard. aoda Periantium “Monophyllum fubulatum, retum, leniter- dmit, iets jasiga . feriis notatum; ore fuboblique, quinque fetis rigidis ter- minato. Corolla Monopetala tubulata: limbus bilabiatus : labium fuperius rectum, bifidum, fauce variegatum ; inferius tripartitum, patens,. collo ! angu/tum ; laciniis lateralibus ovatis; medid minori, reffexá, ad iue X CJ — apicem co , Carinatd. — Stamina. Filamenta quatuor, quorum duo inferiora fant & longiora, tubo- que floris ad faucem ufque adnata; duo vero Juperiora, libera € breviora ; antheræ /ubrotunde. longitudine cnn rt Piftillum.. -Germen bilbum. oblongum y fadus difidus ftigmata acuta. | E BGs Pericarpium Nullum; calix in finu ipee yeh Semina Duo fubcompreffa, oblongo- eret fulcd longitudinali per medium duca, notata. This plant grows wild in many parts of famaica, efpecially in the low gravelly lands about King /lon and Old-barbour, where it commonly riles to the height of two or three feet. It is one of the moft grateful cephalics, and alexipharmics, of this clafs of plants; and may be ufed, with great propriety, in moft diforders of the nerves, and vifcera, where fuch warm medicines are required. TEUCRIUM I, Subbirfutum ; foliis ovatis, dentato. ferratis ; fpicis ftrictiaci- "bus, craffis, termi ne 77, | A The hairy Teucrum. "This is a native of Jamaica, and pretty frequent in the lower parts of Sz. Mary’ t where it grows very luxuriantly ; tho' it feldom rifes above two EE t E a half in height, The flower-cup feems a little inflated i in this plant. - | Tis LAVAN- et TH EANA T RM IA H I S TSOR Y LAVANDULA I. ran du: lanceolatis integris, pes nudis: L. 5p; Pl, T 4 Aem cw 2x pu This plant was ERa E to Jamaica fore Years 4go, EOM been fi nee "hit vated in any parts of the ifland ; particularly in the mountains; where- it is obfer ved to thrive extremely well. It is a - grateful warm itai, and a principal ingre- dient im a fpirituous tinéture, and a compound water, now kept in the fhops ; which take their common appellations from the plant. GLECOMA fi Repens, foliis renifürmibus ePehatise ^L Sp. Pl. m: \ Ground-Ivy. eee" This creeping plant grows now wild in the mountains of YS and in fome other parts of the ifland, where it had been formerly planted : bat it does not thrive in many places; for it requires to be well fhaded, and a loofe rich foil, ltd mild aromatic, and a good s ee e A Y MN is s much recommended i and "e Hifordera of the breaft, and viitena. row SIDERITIS í! HE foliis nian Nonis ay rife, Dé. si weakly All-heal. This curious plant is a native of the cooler mountains of Lzguanea :-it grows the bufhes, and {preads its lender weakly branches to a moderate diftance; ftretching feldom. lefs than fix or feven feet from the root. Kc parts, of the plant — an sgretibien aromatic fmell, - MENTHA 4 = Supt i ud? diei Juil uiae WR erratis; icis terminalibus. Mentha foribus Jpicatis, foliis oblongis ferratis. L. H. ra & Sp. Pl, The herb Mint. “This plant was, doubtlefs, firft introduced to Jamaica, from fome part of Bus rope ; but it grows fo luxuriantly i in the mountains, that it may be now confidered as a native; for it is found wild in maniy parts of eM End uhii wid but chance, or the birds, could have planted it. | MEE 2. Floribus verticillalis, lis on ovatis obtufis fleret caulibus qoum won :: Jfübteretibus repentibus. L. Sp. Pl. & H.C. Pennyroyal. "This. plant was alfo introduced to that ifland fome time ago; and is now cultiva- ted in ‘many places in the mountains, where it thrives beft. Thefe plants are agreeable warm ftomachics, and pretty much ufed, both, in the kitchens and the fhops. NEPETA r. Affurgens villofa; folis ddan acuminatis, crenatis; fpica crafja foliolata. | Aie eee mR aim &c. Slo, Cit. 65, The large villofe Nepeta. GALEOPSIS I. D multi slici, tenui g MRG foliis ovato- acuminatis, ferratis." J A | Agape 5 | oP The mt Te 4 ¥ M.O0O0!I P ! p Al MAA T JC AA H 1 259 “The fmaller Gakopfs or Dead-nettle ; With flender flower-fpikes, This plant is pretty frequent in the parith of St. Mary; but it feldom rifes above two or three feet in height. GALIOPSIS 2. Pracerior; eins ovato-acuminatis, ferratis; ficis i RSA compofi itd: terpanalibuss, Jpicillis geminata SLE fo- ridis. hi EM ee ( wild Ee This Plant isja native of -$ Ji very common in all thé low lands, and dry Savannas, about King flon "ra Aena Toin. t rifes, generally, to the height of five or fix feet, or rk ; and bears'its-flowets very thick, and curioufly difpofed on. the {malleft flips of d branched tops. | All the parts ‘of the flowers are very val ll; and the neck of the cup, as well as the filaments, commonly covered with own. “THYMUS 1. Minimus herbaceus, foliis orbiculatis crenatii, foribus fingula- ribus ad alas. mauri (ecce The ial herbaceous Thyme. ~ Pedunculo breve incidit periantium 2 tubalatum anguffum, in fauce villo- m, quinquedentatum, 7 uai ¿Corolla aleati ringens, labium. fuperius leniter bipartitum, erectum; fi ... Anferius zripartitum, eret#o-patens ;\ lacinid media majori, bois us -eordatd. | Stamina. Filamenta quatuor, quorum duo multo breviora ; anthere fubro- tunde. Piftillum. | Germen quadrigonum ; ftylus fimplex, flore longior; ftigmata = bina attenuata. UL MAL - inata, | in findo calicis fitas This Ra re is a native of Jamaica, and ws wild in many parts of the ifland. I have met with it in LE Lis id De Bos and in the bottom below Mr. Bright's, in St, Mary's.) o Qe iO DEG WO od ABR ATE ji 38a. PEHE ar TERT ten tk AER. 4t aud : THYMUS 2. Ere us, felis. Eg cdi TAL d: RUM D e Plain- catis, L. Sp. Pl. & H.C Thyme. This plant grows very plentifully in all mol of the mountains, and is now much cultivated there. affe QFOBIUM I, cin pos SU utrinque acuminatis, flori- bus conglobatis pedunculis longis alaribus incidentibus. Et folis rugofs, capitulis axillaribus, a explanatis radiatis. D: Ls Sideritis Jpicata diee Jil. Sce gioi. t. 6s. & H. tab. 109. Involucrum Commune, e radiis paucioribus linearibus potenti refe p mE ea Periantium Moupbilum E rm oblongum incur ] utrumque RA ADNI WS AI tremum angufiorem, ore. quinque denticulis ructum. : Corolla Tudbulata ringens. Stamina. e 260. TH EANATURME HIG T5O R Y m. Stamina. Piesi quatuor erecta, ferè equalias.corollá longiora ;- antherz oblong Svod: Piftillums; Omes potet dun quadrilobum ; fign leneity dine tubi Jens; igma acutum. 3914 ! Pericarpium Nullum. Calix amen in jn int i femina fa. Semina ‘Quatuor oblonga, "This plant is common in moft parts of the’ country : it grows chiefiy i in nA and fhady places, and feldom rifes above three feet i in i DEN ,, ORIGANUM 1. Foliis Bur dits s Litt ene san compacts pun tibus. L. Sp. P 'Marjorum: j] v This plant is cultivated in the mountains of New Ziani, where it itid well, and is propagated with eafe. ¿s MELISSA r...Floribus ex. alis inferioribus ferme fefilibus. L.H. e — "Meliffa" racemis axillaribus verticillatis ; pedicellis Jimplicibus, 'Sp.P "Tyr Baum. This plant is cultivated in foie of the gardens of "famaica ; but it feldom thrives with that luxuriancy, that many other European plants do. .SCUTELLARIA I. p erecta, ramofa ; foliis ovatis; foribus ternatis Seffilibus, per Bee terminales oppafit itis. Ocimum rubrum medium. “Slo. Cat. 6 aoe ln = ‘Wild Bab. "This plant is "met with n in n all parts of the ¢ countrys and may, A reat reafon, be deemed one of the natives of the ifland. It has much the fame make, {mell, and tafte, with the common garden Bafil; from which it differs only by the i inver- fion of the flower, and formation of the cup. V SS < ~ OCYMUM 1. Ereétum ramofum & fpicatum, foliis ovatis glabris. Ocimum foliis ovatis glabris, calicibus ciliatis, L. So. Pl & HEC, Great Bafil. There is no plant more common than this, in the gardens of Tier nor one © that thrives more luxuriantly in every foil, and part of the ifland, Re SRS Bon d AL A I Jech us Dunt iei Seeds inclofed in convenient Jeed-veffels. UPHRASIA k Repent, filiis oblongis integris, RUM M ess Jub- | arcuatis. | _ The creeping Eyebright. ` This is a native of Mountfe ‘at: it is a low creeping plant, and generally fpreads about feven or eight inches re nd * root. = grows near Mr, het Lee’ s, at the com of the main mountain, ~ a ! TER ins STEMO- ; O- F HJA M GUALE VC. AHI 261 t _ STEMODIACRA 1. Maritima odorata; foliis minoribus, Jeffilibus, denticu- üizb'Qu3 5r P latis, baftatis ; floribus Jolitarzis alaribus.:: Tab, 22. fi e. 2 : Scordium maritimum, &c. ‘Slo. Cat. 66. & H. t: 110. k ad - EE ETEEN: TN i Y A] ic conma The Sea-fide, or Baftard Germander. Periantium © Monopbyllum, in quinque lacinias. anguftas erectas ad oa (o, fere: feskum: Corolla Ménopetala’ tubulata; "tabus lonitüdine fere calicis, Jubaovalus limbus erecfo- patens, bilabiatus labium fuperius integrum ova- m: inferius tripartitum, laciniis ovatis & fere equalibus. — Le jatuor, fübequalia, bibrachiata, longitudine: tubi co- ID ss roll, antheris; geminis infruttas Joguda Jèilicet, Angulo bra- „chio parcis Scary > Pifüllum. Gemen pa eaoat, T flus fimplex, longitudine diens s ; obtufiufculu T RS Le oblongo-ovata Dies zo Mostar " Semina : Plurima diffepimento affixa. This plant is a native of famaica, and very common: by the {ea-fide, in all the fouthern parts of the ifland: it has a pleafant aromatic fmell, with a biiterith tafte; and. will, Ipiobably a. prove an, excellent ftomachic. and) aperitive; but it is not yet much ades: Thiais are — thick. upon the. branches; and lightly, belet, with E dá " down... D rici: GHIRO S 4r “oS yeh ald udi otal as W niei wales: stis DERTEN 1. Foliis bitap ress, Piste erafi Jolialatis ein quadrat T s deo fubbirfutis, i "Brangllo uE -fore albo. ‘Slob $e H. t 169. f. 1. An, Wadapee. H. M. Pt 37,9. .: [2 The thick-fpiked M. v Rerantium uoc Rieder 2 Fes site lacinias angufas acutas = À p is p ie. ies Ea 4f ial is Siad glionc d anguffus calice longior ; faux inflatag ee eretto-patentes, fere egua- am puc ia ES sg HE FID Vee -Adn fat Piftillum. [oe Pompei Tn saje vem Logis eor; Ati igma digulatum, i Pericarpium. Capfula comprefia ovata PH ri bivalvis, valvis carinatis, Q-307 s ming EE A ub wed umbilico capjule adnata.. t Agir grs mp among the lower bilis 2 rorta it thes ic ina arii 5 buc seldom m rifes aboye: two fect and pales in bes ; iyis:! ce finis lanceolatis E du Fri ee c, Slo. 4 kh . Ves t. eu f es | | m sid thc river-contfes ge he. e illa 4 We ie banks are dry and. ar “It has à firm upright ES | ed with. leaves; and rifes commonly to the height of four feet. The emer d are e large and i Yy y | open, 3do ^ THA ?N A! TAU !'R MLA ATS WOR Y open, in this fpecies, and the difpofition of the filaments fomewhat like that:of the Sagri but the:capfule is bilocular, and crowned with the divifions of the cup, as in the following pe GESNERIA 2. Rupefiris pin. foliis eingi raga js as ian difpo- fitis, floribus fingularibus ad ala Rapunculo afinis, &c. © Slo. Cat. 59; & H. t. 102. e fa The {mall tufted Ge/neria, with fcarlet flowers. .. Peri iantium Monopby Hum, germine ARTE in lacisiias penne profunde ectum. Corolla Coccinea, monopetala, tubulata; aion longus, arcuatus, fubincurvus, leniter ventricofus, fere equalis, ore coarólatus, quinquecrenatus. Stamina. Filamenta quatuor, corolla paulo breviora, fere equalia; antherz fimplices fubrotunde. ' Piftillum. Germen obverfè ovatum, calice inclavatum, © laciniis corona- oed ftylus fimplex, coroliá paulo longior ; figon ohte juj- Pericarpium, “Capfila calice tetta S coronata, bilecularis,. Semina Plurima minima. . This plant grows in the fiffures of the rocks, on both fides of the road, Savon Spanifb Town and Sixteen-milé-walk: the ftem ‘is always fimple, and creeps along the rocks, bearing a pretty latge tuft of leaves at the extremity ; trofü whofe ale fpring fo many fingle flowers. ERIISIA p Fruteftens Hen binof " ovatis, atris acutis, ad apicem ferratis; Jpicis alaribus. IL is £t Nn Aliternus, Gc. Pk.Phy.t 1260199 ER oS ~The Tea-leafed Ellifia. — t Periantium ^ Monophyllum parvum cylindraceum ere&fum quinquedentatum. Corolla Monopetala tubulata; tubus equalis fubarcuatus, calice duplo lon- gior ; limbus patulus; in quinque ide Sere equales fetus. Stamina, Filamenta quatuor, quorum duo paulo longtora & ultra poss tem tubi porrecta funt; anthera fubrotunde. Piftillum. | Germen fubrotundum calice tetum & coronatum; ftylas Jis longitudine flaminum ; fügma craffiufculum. Pericarpium. Bacca Jübrotunda calite tetta & coronata, mucleis e&fo, nau- cis quatuor offeis bilocularibus angulatis techs, referta, bis Tm ME chielyi in the fix or feven feet. The me are oppofite, and fo very like the leaves of green tea, that I was obliged to try fome experiments, before 1 could be fatished it was not the fame plant. The branches of this plant are fometimes befet with thorns, but often omneenays. I have named it after Mr. Ellis, a gentleman who has lately publithed me üs 'obfetvations on the plant-like. marine productions of an animal nature. ‘CLERODENDRUM 1, Fruticofum, imf fiis inferioribus confertis, nS ~ Joris, alaribus. "Yab. 30. f£ 2, Volkameria fpinis peti olorum rudimentis. L. Sp, Pi. Paliuro affinis, gi a, &c. Slo. Cat. 137: & H, & Pk. t E Fia f 2. The {me Healed Clerodendrurs ine i Periantium xd lub und rifes frequently to the height of Jupertoribus oppofitis ; pedunculis BERI tri- y no p iuf...) * Od uj AAM A TAG A 263 Periantium i Monophyllum campanülatum breve, in ct ind lacinias lanceo- tas refle&lentes fectum. .... Corolla Monopetala tubulata; tubus longus anguflus; ira patulus, i in | guingue lacinias oblong as ad bafim oblique fitus: Stamina, Filamenta quatuor fere equalia, carollá duplo longiora, & tubo iw ` floris.ad faucem fere adnata; anthere cordate, Piftillum. Germen fubrotundum in fundo calidi fitum; ftylus Jongitudine Jflaminum , ttigma acutum. Pericarpium. Bacca fubrotunda; muculis binis bilocularibus referta. Semina. Nuclet oblengi folitariis This thorny {hrub is one of the moft common plants i in the low lands of Fa- maica : i grows in a dry gravelly foil, and feldom rifes above five or fix feet in height. It is very common in moft of the other fugar-iflands, as well as in that ifland: BONTIA? 1. ei HH SrtA oppofitis; — crafis breviffimis fub amplexantibus, foribus racema Mangle /auro-cerafi foliis, flore albo ranie Slo. Cat. 156. & H. ii. p. 66, 7. The Olive Mangrove Tree. Periantium . Polypbyllum imbricatum, foliolis fubratundis. |... Corolla Monopetala quafi perfonata; tubus brevis eylindrdceus limbus quadripartitus, jnequaliter fectus ; laciniis patentibus ovatis, Stamina, Filamenta quatuor tubo longiora y (borum duo paul peor foni 3 antherz ehe fubrotunde. .. Piftillam. Germen oblongum eis ftylus brevis FOR figma acu- tum, quandoque: bi Pericarpium. Capfula coriacea, EE Jabrbumbaa, oblique ndi umlocularis. Semen, Unicum quadrilobum germinans, lobis. faliaceis. y This tree s frequent near the fea, both on the north and fouth fide of Jamaica; and remarkable on account of. its.cineritious colour, and the narrow form of its leaves. It grows in a low moift ground, and rifes commonly to the*height of fifteen or eighteen feet. Its capfules are comprefled, ahd fomewhat roundiffi; but irregu- lar, and obliquely lengthened ; and contain only a — foliaceous feed, that fwells and germinates before it falls; _- BUM ONIA `y: Pentapbylla: arborea, fore irit ` Bignonia fols digitatis integris. L. Sp. Pl. & H.C Ee, (Gc. Pk. t. 200, fy » Nerio “fires arbor fliquofa, “lia palmato, bes") Slo. Cat. 154::& H. ii. 62. "White Cedar, or Whitewood. - This tree Is eto in many parts of "famaica ; tho’ it feldom thrives there, fo well as it does'in fome of our other fugar-colonies: it grows beft in à free foil, and a low warm fituation; butis:mare frequently met with in the hills, and more woody inland parts of that land. It grows to a confiderable fize, when raifed. in a kind foil, and is generally looked upon as a good timber-wood ; but when its growth is: not luxuriant, it is only. fit for cattle-yokes, and fuch other {mall conveniences as require a tough yielding wood... The juice, and tender buds, of this tree, are faid- to be an antidote againft the poifonous j juice of the Mangeneel : they are indeed bitter, and may ferve to prevent excoriations, or blifters, for a time; and thereby protra&t the ope- ration ig that cauftic juice, until a part of its virulency wears off, or other afliftance can 264 THE NATURAL HISTORY -«&an:be obtained: but emulfions, and: we -— P be always found to anfwer „Much better on thofe occafione. BIGNONIA 2 Arborie, p fis odtis: PR filiqua gracili Bignonia fiiis fonpiciba cordatis; “caule sie furiis SOM L. Sp. P pu rr oy, Selatan lim, foliolis abbott viel, fos denticulo ‘acuto fermihatis.- +a ; Stamina Filamenta quatuor, querum duo; isitoe funt Sad facem eorolle porrecta, antberifque comprefis duplicatis (quarum altera erecta fedet, altera refleciitur). ornata: duo vero brevifima abortiva, in fundo Poris fi fita funt ; antherifque »drrigularibus donata. This beatiful € tree is nos cultivated in many parts of Jamaica; efpecially in the low lands, and 'S@vannas, "where it feems to thrive very luxuriantly. “It grows to a confiderable fize, and is generally looked upon as an- excellent timber-tree, Its numerous flowers, and flender filiques, add a peculiar grace to its growth. BIGNONIA 4. Fruficofa, foliis pinnatis ferratis ovatis, foribus luteis. Apo ofr Jelfaminum Zzdicum, &c. — Slo. Cat. 216. G Soak t The Afh- leafed fhrubby Dignonia. — nua This hub is S yery common. in all the fagar-iflands : it grows chiefly in a dry, "foil; and'feldom rifes' above feven or eight feet in height. The as are yellow, and difpofed in loofe clufters towards the top, The cleaves are of an oval form, and pinnated ; sand the trunk miall and woody. i CITHAREXYLON i. Fruticofum; tortice cinereo, foliis oblongo“ovatis oppo- , 0 itis, petiolis marginatis t€ foribus Jerca- lo Ps tis, diio nae’ Witton’ a3 Citharexyhiu. i p. Pl. | oe es T F dead Bariadinas dita. Pk, te 162. fokis of nman i The Old-woman’s ithe ORB bos all Periantinm Mi iphylla m tubulato panulatum quinque crenatiom, ^ Corolla: ola Monopetala tubu. S uter rale elegans limbas porwr q quinque partitus, laciniis ovatis; o>: | st ` T Stamina: Filamenta quatuor, cum sudiienta quinti, ‘inferne: ‘tubo adnata, fere equalia; anthere ovate biloba, in fauce corolle locate. . Pifüllum. Germen ovatum ; fiylus t Impe ngit ddine tubi floris; gus "not; parr rd bilobum’ obtufum. "tx [eb Pericarpium, - Bacca .fucculenta, csl dinis bifidis TRA binc convexis, barini vi tes . inde cocbleatis, biloçulariguss i SGMA dio. Semimn.s Nuclei falitarit. -> “This plant is ver ry common in all the Seats of Fail: * itis — finali | diis. and feldom rifes above eight or nine feet in height. The veins of the leaves, sind'all the tender buds, are'oFa brown golur; and the bark of the tri id lower branches, of a whitifh afh-col EH. | kiinga s alivio n6 a NRTA) praja ^CITHA-. - s ec nae ‘idee pU] J à à O TF A CMEA TAC A 26; CITHAREXYLON 2. Foliis rugofis ovatis oppofitis, petiolis geniculatis, ra- cemis terminalibus, calicibus quadrifidis. An, Berberis fruciu arbor maxima baccifera Tacemofa, &c. Slo. Cat. 170. Black-heart Fiddle-wood: This tree grows chiefly in the low lands, and Sevannas; where it is frequently obferved to rife to the height of forty or fifty feet: and is generally looked upon as one of the hardeft and beft timber-trees in the ifland, The body of the tree grows to a confiderable thicknefs, and is covered over with a thick whitifh bark, which, like the grain of the wood, winds in a loofe fpiral form. The leaves are pretty long, rugged, and flightly ferrated; and the bloffoms difpofed in bunches, at the extremities of the branches. The berries are fmall, and of a yellow colour; they contain each two hemifpheric fhells, that contain twice fo many feeds as in the fore- going fpecies; but the nuts, or nuculi of thefe, may be eafily parted into two lobes, or fegments, The berries are fometimes eat by the negroes. CITHAREXYLON? 3. Erectum, foliis oblongis, cortice levi, fructibus Sparfis. White Fiddle-wood. This tree is moft frequent in the more hilly inland parts of the ifland: it grows to a very confiderable fize, and is commonly looked upon as a good timber-tree ; but fhould be ufed where it may not be expofed to the weather, I have feen many of thefe trees in the mountains of S7. E/izabetbs; but I have not obferved any in bloflom, and have only ranged them in this clafs, from the. appearance of their berries, which-agree in every refpe& with thofe of the other fpecies. CITHAREXYLON? 4. Foliis venofis ovatis alternis, cortice fcabro longitu: . dinaliter fifo, The Green-heart Fiddle-wood. This tree is frequent in the woods about the Ferry, where it grows to a very con- fiderable fize; and is generally looked. upon as one. of the beft timber-trees in the ifland. I have not feen any of its fruit, or flowers ; therefore could not clafs it with any certainty: but have placed it here, from its outward appearance, and the grain and texture of its wood; ~: Hr CITHAREXYLON 5. Fruticofum, foliis Jubelipticis, petiolis pedatis, calici- bus truncatis, fpicis terminalibus longioribus. Tab. C HEN i | . The long-fpiked Fiddle-wood. This is but a fhrub, which feldom grows above ten or twelve feet in height ; and bears a great number of {mall berries; difpofed on divided {pikes at the extremities of the branches... It is pretty common about Szxteen-mileswalk, . CRESCENTIA 1. Arboreftens; foliis confertis, obovate-oblongis, bafi anguftio- m vv ribus, frudu fpberico maximo, | ium. Crefcentia, foliis lanceolatis utrinque attenuatis. L.Sp.Pl. &H.Cl — — Arbor Cucurbitifera Americana folio fubrotundo, &c. Slo, Cat. 206. & H. — The larger Calabath Tree, lam. This tree grows chiefly in the low lands, and feldom rifes above fixteén or twenty fect in height. The trunk is generally irregular, and the branches crooked and Zzz y {preads ~ ~ a6 TAL NATURAL HISTORY fpreading: they bear all their leaves in tufts, and are fometimes adorned with a few fingle flowers, from fpace to fpace, The wood is very tough, and flexile, which renders it very fit for the coachmakers purpofes; where it is -obferved. to aníwer better than any other fort of timber hitherto known. The fhell of the fruit makes a light and convenient drinking-cup, and is frequently large enough to hold a gal- lon, or more, of any fluid. The pulp is eat by the negroes, upon occafions, but not looked upon as either agreeable, or wholefome: it 1s much ufed by way of poultice; fot which purpofe it is thought to anfwer extremely well. The fhell of the fruit is fo thin and clofe, that it ferves to boil water, or any other fluid, as well as an earthen pot; and is obferved to bear the fire equally, on re- peated tryals. "The thicker parts of it are frequently ufed for button-moulds, in all the colonies. CRESCENTIA 2. Arborefcens, foliis confertis, fructu fpherico minori, CRESCENTIA 3. drborefcens, foliis confertis, fructu oblongo-ovato minori, The Calabafh Trees, with {mall fruit. Both thefe fpecies feem to be but variations of the foregoing: they grow generally to the fame fize, and of the fame form; but the fruit is conftantly lefs, and of thofe ftated fhapes. All.the parts of thefe trees are put, indifferently, to the fame ufes with thofe of the other fort. rt die CRESCENTIA 4. Arborefcens, foliis fingularibus ovatis nitidis; frutta. mi- mor. | | | HAE The larger Calabafh, with fingle oval leaves... I have feen one tree of this fort, at Mr. Denis’s, in St. Mary's: it grows pretty ftraight, and is much larger than any of the other fpecies; from which it differs very remarkably in every refpect. I have feen no part of the fructification befides the fruit, which was then pretty thick upon the tree, and perfe&ly anfwered the cha- racters of the claís. : - T x nitidis oppofitis. | The large-leafed withey Cre/centia. Periantium Monophyllum, ventricofum, truncatum, integerrimum. Corolla Monopetala, campanulata, fubcompreffa, quinquecrenata, bafi coar- : | DW age = CRESCENTIA? 5. Scandens, farmentis craffcribus, foliis majoribus ovatis Stamina. Filamenta quatuor fere equalia, tubo corolla breviora; cum ru- dimento quinti. Anthete cordatez. — Piftillum, Germen quadrato-fubrotundum y. ftylus fimplex, longitudine tubi ridere ni . m. Lf trie ; : floris; ftigma belo “Pericarpium. Drupa, feu potius capfula traffa corticofa fubrotunda unilicu- fuftains itfelf, generally, by the help of the neighbouring trees ; the ground, where it does not. meet with a fupport. Its ftretches frequently about feven or eight feet from the 10 | Oval, and fhining; and the fruit round, and fmooth. lt is found about Port Antonio; near the Ca/ cade, in St, Ann’s; and in many parts of the mountains, efpecially thofe between Sixteen-mile-walk and Luidas. awry | CRESCENTIA? JU Oa P AMU A WAG X 267 CRESCENTIA? 6. Scandens, foliis inferioribus pinnato-ternatis, fuperioribus eminatis .claviculd inter pofitis. Cucurbitifera fruticofa triphylla fcandens, &c. Slo. Cat. 207. & H, ii. 175. The trifoliated climbing Crefcenzia. Periantium |. Monopbyllum oblongum tubulatum truncatum integrum. Corolla Monopetala, tubulata, longiffima, ( beptapollicaris;) tubus cylindra- ceus, anguftus, ad faucem leniter ampliatus ; limbus. erecto pa- ` tulus, in quinque lacinias ovatas fere equales feétus. Stamina. Filamenta quatuor, cum rudimento quinti, tubo adnata, in fauce libera; antheig oblonga, bilobe, quafi geminate, | Pifüllum. Germen fubrotundum liberum in fundo calicis fitum; ftylus fim- plex, longitudine flaminum ; ftigma bilamellatum obtufum. Pericarpium, Drupa magna oblonga unilocularis, fed interne bifariam no- tata, & pulpá bifariam lobatá, repleta. ' Semina Plurima nidulantia. | This climbing plant is frequent in many parts of the ifland; but feems moft common between St. Elizabeths, and Weflmoreland. It rifes, with great eafe, to the top of the talleft trees in the woods; and then {preads a great way over the limbs of the neighbouring trees, or bends again towards the ground, It is generally more luxuriant towards the top; and as this part requires a greater fupport, nature has fupplied it, in a peculiar manner, with tendrels: for the leaves, which are always three on every common foot-ftalk, towards the root, are never more than two at the top; but the extremity of the common ftalk, which generally holds the third leaf in the lower branches, fhoots, here, into a long winding tendrel, by which it holds and fticks to every twig, or branch, it meets. VITEX 1. Arboreus, foliis ovatis, crenatis, quinato- digitatis ; petiolis commu- nibus oppofitis, racemis laxis alaribus. | . . Mitex folis quinatis ternatifque ferratis, floribus racemofo-paniculatis. L, The larger Chafte-Tree, with jagged leaves. This tree is frequent in S¢. Mary's, and grows generally to a very confiderable fize: it is eafily diftinguifhed by its crenated leaves, bunchy flowers, large berries, and the variegated under-lip of its bloffoms; the main divifion of which, is of the figure of a heart. . The ftyle is bifid, and each part pretty fhort. un RUELLIA 1. Procerior, fubcinerea, hirfuta; pedunculis ramofis; flore mul- = tiplict. Ruellia pedunculis dichotomis paniculatis, foliis petiolatis. L, Sp. Pl. Ruellia pedunculis multifloris dicbotomis, foliis longioribus.. L., H. C. Speculum veneris majus impatiens, &c. Slo, Cat. 59. & H. t. 100. Chriftmas Pride. This plant is very common about. Spanifo Town, and in many other parts of the low lands; where it generally blows in the months of December and January: and makes a very Eana appearance among the bufles, in that bleak feafon of the year. - The plant is weakly, and feldom rifes above a foot or two, if alone: but when fupported by any of the fmall neighbouring (hrubs, or bufhes, it runs fre- quently to the diftance of three or four feet fronm the root, and bears a great num- H3 ber of flowers, dictas ik RUELLIA * w9 PHA NA: U RIA XL HISTORY RUELLIA 2. Erea, afpbodeli radice, pedunculis pem alaribus. Ruellia folts Jefilibus, pedunculis triforis, L. H.C Gentianella flore Ceeruleo integro, &c, Slo. Cat. 52. '&H. Ruellia foliis petiolatis, pedunculis longis fubdivifis nudis. L H. an Sp. Pl. Menow-weed, Spirit-weed, and Snap-Dragon. This plant is very common in moft parts of Jamaica, and riles, generally to the height of twelve or fixtcen inches, feldom more. . It is remarkabie for its oblong flefhy roots; which are frequently ufed in fevers, among the negroes. Thefe, when frefh, have a little pungency, which foon waftes upon the palate; but, when dry, they are quite infipid. RUELLIA 3. Capj/ulis crafforibus, foliis oblongis vix petiolatis, floribus foli- tariis vel geminatis fubjefilibus ad alas. The {maller &ue//a, with a thick capfule. I found one or two plants of this fort in Szxzeen-mile-avalk : it is the fmalleft of all the forts that grow in Jamaica, and feldom rifes above nine or ten inches in height. CAPRARIA 1, Eretta bu foliis alternis ad apicem ferratis, floribus fingularibus alaribus, pedunculis tenuiffimis. ` Capraria foliis alternis corollis quinguefidis, L. Sp. Ph. Ot IRL. An, Chichival. Hern. 172? The fhrubby Capraria, or Goat-weed. This plant is very common in Jamaica; it grows about moft houfes in the poo Savannas, and thrives very luxuriantly every "whére: bat it feldom rifes above three feet and a half in height, tho’ it divides into a great number of flender fub- erect branches. The leaves are narrow at the bottom, and ftand on very fhort foot-ftalks; and the peduncles of the flowers are very enr If this be the Chichival of Herz. that author recommends it as an admirable febrifuge. LANTANA 1. Ereéta minor fubaffurgens, foliis verticillato-ternatis, pe- - dunculis longis, fpzcis ovatis. Lantana foliis ternis, fpicis oblongis imbricatis. L. Sp. Pl. The Lantana, with verticillated leaves. LANTAN & 2: Frutefzens, foliis cordato-ovatis. , foralibus linearibus; floribus crocets, pedunculis longis, Lantana de oppo tts, caule inermi ramofo, foribus capitulo umbellatis. L. Camara. pub AA 7. Periclimenum retium urtice a hirfuto majore, &c. Slo. Cat. 165. & H. t. 195. y Wild Sage. LANTANA 4 3. Frutefcens, foliis cordato-ovatis, floralibus orbiculatis; foribus carnets, Periclimenum rectum J wie Jolio flore albo, &c. Slo. Cat. 163. & H. - Wild Sage, with white flowers, OA l LANTANA t bois a O F J As MiAnEh © A. 269 LANTANA 4. Frutefcens /pinofa, foliis amplioribus fubrotundo-ovatis, pe- dunculis longifimis, floribus kermefinis. Lantana. foliis oppo/itis, caule ramofo aculeato, florum capitulis umbellatis. L. Sp. Pl " p. Pl. Viburnum Americanum fpinofum, &c. Pk. t. 114. f. 4. The prickly Lantana. Thefe fpecies of the Lantana are frequent in moft parts of Yamaica : they grow chiefly in the hills, and lower lands; but feldom rife above two, three, four, or five feet in height. The fecond and third fpecies are ufed by many people in America, inftead of European Sage; and are obferved to antwer the fame purpofes: but thefe plants feem to be of a more active nature; and. contain a large hare of relin. MONIERA -1. Minima repens, foliis fubrotundis, floribus fingularibus ala- pnus DW Ba Ea... eir The {mall creeping Moera. Periantium — Heftapbyllum , foliolis lanceolatis; duobus exterioribus, latera- libus, angufltoribus, ereéto-patentibus, etate provetiiori deci- duis; tribus intermediis, majoribus, ere&lis & equaliter in orbem fitis ` duobus vero interioribus, lateralibus, angufliori- = bus, amplexantibus, exterioribus oppofitis. | Corolla |. Monopetala tubulato-campanulata; tubus rectus, longitudine cali- cis; limbus patulus, in quinque partes fere equales fectus. Stamina. . Filamenta quatuor s quorum duo longiora funt, tubum corolle fere : equantes ; antherge compreffe fubrotunde. |. : \Piftillum. - Germen ovatum ; ftylus fimpleny longitudine tubi corolla; figma: T: obtufum. ^o Pericarpium. Capfula ficca ovata bilocularis, bivalvis, bifariam debifcens. Semina Plura parva, fepto medio incraffato utrinque affixa. This little creeping plant is very common in every ouzey fpot, about the harbour of Kingfton : it fticks very clofe to the earth, and cafts a few fibrous flender roots, from - every joint, as it creeps, The whole plant feldom exceeds feven or eight inches in length, reckoning from the firft roots: but it grows generally in beds, and {preads thick upon the ground; throwing out a few fimple fide-branches, from {pace to Ípace; which give it a pretty beautiful appearance, when in flower, and makes it exceedingly remarkable. It has a bitterifh tafte, and thrives beft in a low moift foil. The name of Moniera was given to this plant by Monf. Bernard de "T uffeu, who raifed it in the garden of Paris. . Do&or Schlofer was kind enough to let me examine a fpecimen of it, with which he was favoured, among other curious productions, by that worthy gentleman; and obferving the plants to be the fame, I have, in defe- rence to the author, continued the appellation he was pleafed to give it. The cha- racters are fet down here as they appeared in the recent plant. ^ sPHUELYPEA 1. Eretta; foliis Jefilibùs, angujtis, duri, ad abicem ferra- Madh ton tts; -oppofitis vel verticillatis floribus fingularibus ala- 2 m — ribus. Veronica caule bexangulari, foliis faturia, » Slo, Cat.81. & H. t. 124; . An, Lifimachia galearica ejufdem, p. 66. pP Duos Elie erect Phelypea, an This plant is very common in the road between Paffage Fort and Spanifh Town; and grows chiefly in thofe floughs, where the mud. has been worked up by the 3 p € 4A ; | different 13.5 Lab Li A 6 THE NATU R AL iHIST TORY different carriages, in the rainy feafons. It rifes generally to the height of twelve or fourteen inches; and bears its leaves, fometimes two, often three, and fometimes four, in an oppofite or verticillated order, The flowers of this plant are variegated in the gorge, and more regularly labiated than thofe of the foregoing; and the cu (if I remember right) is made up of five lanceolated leaves: but the reft of the cha- racters are, very nearly, the fame in both plants. SESAMUM 1. Foliis inferioribus trifidis dentatis, fuperioribus oblongis fer- ` ratti. Sefamum foliis inferioribus trifidis. Roy. & L. Sp. Pl. Digitalis orientalis fefamum dicta Tournefortii, Gc. ‘Th. Zey. t. 38. Sefamum veterum, &c. Slo, Cat. 59. & Pk. t. 109. f. 4. The Vangh, or Oil-plant. SESAMUM 2. Foliis omnibus oblongis ferratis. Schit-Elu. H. M..p..9; f. 54- The Vangl, with fimple leaves. Thefe plants were introduced to Famaica by the Jews, and are now cultivated in molt parts of the ifland : the feeds ‘are frequently ufed in broths, by many of our Europeans; “but the Jews make 'em chiefly: into cakes.» The plants are in great efteem among many of the oriental nations, who look upon the feeds as a hearty wholefome food; and exprefs an oil from them, that is not unlike, or inferior to, the oil of almonds; which ufed to be formerly kept in the fhops, in many parts of Europe. A decoction of the leaves, and buds, is looked upon as a good refolu- tive; and frequently ordered in inflammations of the eyes, where warm fomentations become requifite. The Sefamum plant is cultivated in Carolina, with great fuccefs; and it is computed there, that nine pounds of the feed yield upwards of two pounds of neat oil, "which ‘they find to grow ‘more mellow and agreeable, with age; and to continue without any rancid {mell, or tafte, for many years, _.. confertis ad alas... The Eriphia; with ferrated leaves. | Periantium Monophyllum ventricofum quinquedentatum pregnans. E- Corolla Monopetala tubulata; faux leniter ampliata ; limbus quinguepar= titus, laciniis paruis Jubrotundis, Sek. : Mere Stamina. Filamenta. quatuor, cum rudimento quinti, inferne tubo adnata, ERIPHIA 1. Fuliis ovatis ferratis oppofitis, venis oblique arcuatis, foribus, | Juperne libera, arcuata, conniventia , anthere agglutinate. — Piftillum. Germen globofum, calice tectum; ftylus fimplex, longitudine tubi ; .. corolle; ftigma bifidum. Pericarpium. Bacca globofa, calice tecta & coronata, unilocularis, fed bifa- riam longitudinaliter notata, ^ „< Semina Plurima minutiffma, umbilico columari adnati, I met with this plant in fome part of Szxteen-mile-walk; but do not directly re- member where, nor the peculiars of its growth, The characters are put down juft as they were taken upon the fpot. i ACHIMENES 1. Major, berbacea, fubbirfuta, oblique affurgenss foliis ovatis . erenatis oppofitis, alternis minoribus; floribus geminatis taa ad alas alternas. ‘Tab. 30. f, ë Y a s 15. ; 3. Rapunculus fru£icofus, foliis ¢ biongis integris, Gcc, Slo, Gate 58. & H. t. 100. The larger hairy Achimenes, 1 Periantium OrBid & Mil E. CA. 271 Periantium Monophyllum, magnum, utringue birfatum, bafi leniter ventrico- um, colla coarétatum; in quinque-lacinias lanceolatas, pinnatifidas, eretto-patentes, ad bafim fere fectum. Corolla | Monopetala, tubulata, calice longior, externe birfuta, variegata ringens; tubus oblongus, ad bafim fuperne gibbus, in ne&larium prominulum concavum obtufum turgens , fauce leniter amplia- tus: limbus erectus, in quatuor lacinias inequales, inequaliter fectus; lacinia fuperior recta, latiufeula, profunde crenata, five bifida ; laterales oblonge & a fuperiori oblique decedentes ; infima. angufla patula, ad medietatem floris incifa, longiffima. Stamina. Filamenta quatuor, tenuia, erecta, equalia, longitudine fere co- rolle: anthere comprefke, quadrate, oblique incumbentes, marginibus agglutinate, coronam liberam fligmati formant. Piftillum. Germen ovatum liberum, in fundo calicis fitum; ftylus longitu- see framinum ; ftigma liberum, bilobum, obtufum, antheris FUA LR NE Jubpofitum. Pericarpium, | Capfula bilocularis ovata, feminibus plurimis parvis referta. ` "This beautiful vegetable is a native of the cooler mountains; and moft commonly met with in the woods of New Liguanea, and St. Anns. It is a very fucculent plant, and grows luxuriantly in every rich and fhady foil ; throwing its branches fre- quently to the height of four or five feet; and higher, when fupported by fome neighbouring ftump, or fhrub. The ftem is pretty thick, and the leaves oppofite, asd alternately larger. The flowers are large, beautifully variegated, and hairy on the out-fide, like the other parts of the plant. "The divifions of the cup are of a fingular ftructure; and pinnated at the fides, fomewhat like thofe of the garden rofe. The whole plant has an uncommon, but beautiful appearance; and deferves to be cultivated in all the flower-gardens, in the cooler parts of the ifland, where it is moft likely to thrive. : ACHIMENES 2. Minor, eretta, fimplex ; foliis crenatis, ovatis, oppofitis vel ternatis; floribus petiolatis fingularibus ad alas, Tab, eae ic fr. ——À ue" h The fmaller ere& Achiimenes. ` : I found this beautiful little plant near Hope-rzver, in the lower mountains of Liguanea: it has a flender even ftem, furnifhed with fome oval leaves, difpofed in - an oppofite or verticillated order, at {tated diftances; and feldom rifes above ten ot fourteen inches in height. It throws out a beautiful fingle reddifh flower, from the ala of each of the upper leaves: and, tho’ it agrees in the moft effential parts with the foregoing, it differs much from it in appearance ; for the divifions of the cup are fimple, and narrow; and the lower part of the germen connected to the bowl of the empalement. The tube of the flower is more open, though equally furnifhed with a neéfarium, of the fame form, at the bafe. The limb, or margin, © is pretty much expanded, and flightly, but unequally, divided. "The filaments are longer than the flower, and fomewhat twifted as they rife: but the formation and difpofition of the anthera, is the fame as in the foregoing fpecies; and the figma is divided into two flattifh lobes, in this, alfo. : de This little plant has a great deal of the beauty and elegance of the foregoing fpe- cies; and richly deferves to be cultivated in all the flower-gardens in America. It thrives beft in a cool gravelly foil, well furnifhed with moifture, and intermixed with rich mould, cubes j g A E dS 5 n | CLASS ma : THEANAPURAL HT15 TTOR Y ELE AUS. du. Of the Tetradynamia, or Vegetables that have fix Filaments in every Flower; whereof four are equal, and longer than the reft; and the two fhorteft al- ways placed oppofite to each other. S DB IE Of Juch as have their Filaments difpofed regularly round tbe Germen, or bafe of the Fulchrum; and have only one Style in every Flower. OCHLEARIA 1. Foliis radicalibus lanceolatis crenatis, caulinis incifis.. L. | Sp. Pl. &r. | Horfe-radith. This plant has been long cultivated in the mountains of Jamaica, where it grows and feeds fo luxuriantly, that it has all the appearance of a native; and thrives fre- quently without the leaft care. Saroa batis, fuperioribus anguflis ferratis. | An, Lepidium foliis. oblongis multifidis. > L. Sp. Pl? Iberis humilior annua Virginiana, &c. Slo, Cat. 8o. & H. t. 123: LEPIDIUM 1. Erecfum ramofum, foliis inferioribus oblongis pinnatifide lo- ` The upright branchy Pepper-grafs. This plant is a native of Jamaica, and grows wild in all the cooler hills of the iland. It feldom rifes above ten or twelve inches in height; and fpreads all its branches in the form of an umbrella, towards the top. SISYMBRIUM 1, Zfguaticum; foliis fubrotundis, abrupte phere bafi in- equalibus. Sifymbrium | f//iquis, declinatis, foliis pinnatis, foliolis fubcordatis. L. 7 Sp. Pl. ! p. , Nafturtium aquatzcum vulgare, &c. Slo. Cat. 79. | Water-Crefs. This plant is a native of "famaica, and grows very luxuriantly in all the running- waters about the Ferry, and in many other parts of the ifland: but it is rather too warm, and raifes too great a ferment in the blood, to be much ufed in thofe cli- mates. It is an excellent antifcorbutic, where the diforder proceeds from inaction, or a vifcid chilly (tate of the juices ; but, in thofe parts, it generally overheats the blood, and raifes a high florid colour in the fkin immediately. RAPHANUS 1. Siliquis teretibus torofis bilocularibus. L. Sp. Pl. & H. C. The Radifh. This plant was, doubtlefs, firft introduced to ¥amaica. It is now cultivated in the mountains, where it thrives and feeds very plentifully ; and is often obferved to grow wild in many parts of New Liguanea, BRASSICA OC F! T AMAA 1 7C". A. 273 BRASSICA 1. Radice caulefcehte tereti carnofa. L. Sp. Pl. & H.C. Cabbage. BRASSICA 2. Radic caulefcenti ořbiculari debreffa carnofa, L. Sp. Pl. & The Turnep. Both thefe plants have been introduced to, and cultivated in famaica, from time to time; but they do not gerierally anfwer, in thofe parts of the world, fo well as many otis European vegetables. I have; however, fometimes obférved the firft fort to grow very large, and to produce a good head there ; and then it is generally \ much better tafted than that which grows in Europe : for it lofes all that raw- nels, or crudity, with which it is commonly attended in the colder climates; and acquires a mellownefs, and delicacy, that recommends it in a country, where a hun- dred other forts of tender, wholefome, and palatable greens grow naturally. SINAPIS 1. Siliquis bifidis, roftro obliquo longifimo. L.H. C. Sinapi foliis atro ferratis, femine ruffo. _ Slo. Cat. 79. The Muftard Plant. SINAPIS 2. Ereéta herbacea, foliis oblongis, floribus folitariis.. Leucoium minimum, feu Keiri, Grc.. Slo.Cat. 79. & H. t. 123. The {mall Savanna Muftard. It is hard to determine whether thefe plants were originally introduced to J4- maica, or are really natives; for both fpecies are now common, and grow wild in every part of the ifland, where the land is clear, and well manured. The firft {pe- cies is fometimes cultivated for the fake of the feed ; but the other is of noufe, and commonly found wild among the grafs, in all the Savannas, "NE ao ae ee ET Sel sen”: | es E ae T TII. | Of fuch Plants as have their Filaments more irregularly fituated, and a Lee ssec ft to the’ d er F oot-ftalk of the Fruit. 4 JN, Bi In thefe, the ne. are, [i eo as ri in their numbers, as in d fituation; tho' the difpofition of the fruit, and general properties of | the clafi, appear evidently in all of them. LEOME 1, Zfurgens ramofum e Jpinofum, heptaphyllum ; Spica multiplici oliolato. EB .. Sinapiftrum ZEzyptium beptapbyllum, &c. Slo. Cat. 8. t | | The prickly branched Sa. CLEOME 2. Erecum triphyllum, floribus folitarits alaribus, pi = Cleome foribus dodecandris. L, H. C. E Sinapiftrum indicum triphyllum. Slo. Cat. 8o. & H, t. 124, S The ere& trifoliated Sambo. Ü CLEOME 5. Procumbens pom, Spica longiore terminali. E Cleome floribus gynandris. L.H mem | | 4B Thefe 234 T HENA TURAR HISTORY Thefe plants are natives of Jamaica, and pretty common in moft parts of the lowlands. The firft, and third, thrive beft in a dry foil; but the fecond grows chiefly in moift bottoms. The firft fpecies divides into many branches, and rifes generally to the height of three or four feet, The fecond .is pretty fimple, and feldom rifes above twenty or twenty-five inches, But the laft is generally found growing in tufts, upon the ground, and feldom runs above eight or ten inches in length: it is, how- ever, more fucculent than either of the others, and generally looked upon as a very wholefome green; but it has a bitterith tafte, and requires long boiling, and the waters being frequently fhifted, to render it palatable. It is deemed a prefervative againft the dry belly-ach ; and, doubtlefs, claims a precedency, if any green can be faid to be effectual, that way. Obf, The Crateva, and other plants referred to that genus, do, undoubtedly, belong to this clafs; and ought to be inferted after the Cleome, BS RE 5G x ML Of Plants that have fix unequal Filaments, and four, or more, Styles, in every Flower. ETIVERIA 1. Foliis oblongo-ovatis, [picis longioribus terminalibus. Petiveria. Plum. t. 39. & Lin, Gen, & Sp. Plant. Verbene feu Scorodonic affinis, &c.' Slo. Cat. 64. co «Guinea Hen weed. Periantium. Periantii fefilis vicem fupplent fguamee tres, lineares, erecte- patentes, laterales. — LES Corolla, Sguamas inter & fpicam emergit flos tetrapetalus, perfifiens ; : petalis lanceolatis, anguflis, juventute albidis, erecto-patentibus, Jfenettute erectis, virentibus. Stamina, Filamenta fex, quorum. duo ceteris breviora Junt C9 oppofita; : anthere fubrotunde. Pifillam.- Germen fubbirfutum, breve, obtufum; ftyli quatuor, tenues, fe- (o 0 ss facet, reflexi; ftigmata acutifima. : Pericarpium. Cap/ula coriacea, oblonga, obtufa, compreffa, unilocularis, bi- =- _ ; cornis; fingulis fetis binis rigidis reflexis, munitis. pcd Semen Unicum oblongum, ad apicem appendiculd ligulatd reflexd infiruttum. This plant is very common in all the lower lands of Jamaica; and fo remark- ably acrid, that you can hardly bear either to fmell or tafte any part of it. It is thought to be much coveted by the Guinea hens; and frequently a part of the food of other animals: but, on chewing a little of any part of the plant, it burns in the , mouth, and leaves the tongue black, dry, and rough; as it frequently appears-in malignant fevers. It thrives beft in a dry gravelly foil, and a fhaded fituation, — — E o ns oo eae vv x: Pas cu STE A » c. VPN EE ee oo, C xi N : Qd A Mre aG A. 275 C ATP gs e XVI. Of the Monadelphia, or Vegetables that have all the Filaments of every Flower, joined into one hollow “column, or tübe, at the’ ‘bate; but more or. lefs diftinct at the tap. + > à se s Gc nies d do Of P? as idend no diflinét F be in Deir Flowers; but bear the Antherz on the outfide of a truncated Cone, or Cylinder, that lands ; round the Germen, and the Style. Cans, I. Foliis UE obt ufi D nitidi racemis terminalibus. Tab. f Laurus foliis NUT å L. Sp. Pl. & Winterania. pa B.C, Arbor baccifera laurifolia aromatica, &c. T Cat. 16 5. &H, t; 191. Arbor Cinnamomiformis, ^ Matt; 7. | Caffia Lignea Yamatcenfis, Bc. Pk. t. $i £ r. : Canella alba off and Winter’s-Bark of Catefb. ii. t. 50. Gazella,. or Winter's- Bark. Periantium Monopbyllum, fubcampanulatum, ultra medietatem tripartitum; | acinits fubrotundis, cocbleatis, crenulatis. Corolla Pentapetala, petalis oblongis calice duplo longioribus. Stamina Nulla; fed vicem eorum fupplet tubus tenuis, levis, fimplex, conicus, truncatus, longitudine fere foris; externe, e medietate fere ad . apicem, antheris fex ecim circiter, anguflis, oblongis obfitus, a fe invicem remotis, & in orbem regulariter fitis. Pittillam. Germen ovatum ; ftylas longitudine tubi; ; ‘igma obtufum bi- vel (000 3frifidum, lobis obtufiufeulis. © ZA nim Pericapidtt" Bacca fubrotunda bi- vel bribieiasks Ps Semina, In /ingulo loculamento, gemina, cordata. This tree is very common in all the lower woods, and rocky hills of ‘famaica, where it grows without any care; and is chiefly propagated by the induítry of the birds, For the berries, like thofe of the Piemento, Black Pepper, and other aromatic plants, grow {oft and, pulpy, when ripe, and lofe all that pungency that is natural to.them in the immature ftate: they are then greedily devoured by the wild pigeons, and other inhabitants of the woods, who difperfe the feeds up and down in their dung. The tree grows pretty much like the Piemento, and feldom exceeds fixteen or eighteen feet in height ; or is more than five or fix inches in diameter, "The bark is whitifh, and warted; the branches pretty erect; the leaves fmooth and oval, having the {maller end towards the. foot-ftalk ;. and the berries difpofed in depreffed clufters, at the extremities of the branches, ` The bark of this tree is the Canella alba of the fhops: it is a pungent warm aromatic, and would, doubtleís, anfwer all the purpofes for which moft of the other fpecies are employed ;. bat it is too cheap to be fo much efteemed. By diftil- lation it yields a warm aromatic oil, which is often fold for, and generally mixed | With, the oil of Cloves; nor is the adulteration any prejudice to the medicine. 2 SECT bb THE NATURAL HISPORY 6: 9 OQARA CHE] Of Juch as be the Staminal-Tube divided into fre di ios F ilaments, towards the op. Ww A LTHER I Ad. Foliis angulis quata-acuninatis TNI j Jérratis, fibus confertis, ad alas. The {mall fhrubby Waltheria, with rugged eaves. WALTHERIA 2. Fruticofa fubbirfuta, foliis oblongo-ovatis ferratis, fiori- | bus capitatis) pedunculis, communibus nisus fin- aem o Sulis folio Jmgulari ornatis, ihe. fhrubby W Jo Pot with the leaves rifing out of Ue foot- ftalks of the flowers. hs be 3: Foliis Jubrotundis tandu lils Jerratis, foribus cones ala- RIŽE s : "Waltheria EU onih erratis Hop "Rai. & T: Sp. p The. fmaller ZZ7a/beria, with toündifh waved leaves.’ All thefe fpecies of the W altheria are found in the lower hills of Jamaica, and feldom rife, any of them, aboye four or five. feet in height... The fecond fpe- cies is very fingular; it jbears,rits. flowers in; clofe compact heads, faftained by long common foot-ftalks, 'each furnithed with a fi ingle leaf towards the bottom. I found both this, and the firft mer at. lires ‘Smith's Pen; at the foot of the moun- .tainsin Léguamea, 0. rratis; floribus racemefis, cortice Sufco. ~The larger fhrubby Melchiä. This plant is very See E” in, moft parts of America, and grows generally in "every dry gravelly foil. \\It is a fhrub, aud: rifes frequently to the height of fix or feven feet, fometimes more. The, hark of, the whole plant is of a darkith brown colour, the leaves whitith,, and the Gowers of a light. fish colant; | MELOCHIA Pain ia ot 3mm js e iur, crenato- : MELOCHIA H eg minor, dd ovatis Bahi, petals genius. The fmaller Melochia, or Broom-weed. " "This plant is found in many parts of Saniaica, and rifes commonly to the height of two or three fcet, throwing out a few flender flexile branches on all fides, "The leaves of this plant fpread themfelves every day, about noon, to receive the heat of the fun more freely; but as the air grows cooler, they generally rife upright, and ftand almoft parallel to. the ftem, or branches. "This mechanifm of the leaves: is greatly forwarded by the knee i in the foot-ftalk of each. : MELOCHIA 3 . Herbacea tonuiffin ma ramvfa, ‘phen oblongo. ovatis, p ferin tim- i bellulis lateralibus foliis approximatis, The flender Ev Melochia. _ I found this plant among the Pio in buthes, near O/d-barbour; where it com- occi fhoots. to the. hei ht of three cet, or better : but the ftem is very flender and weakly, and gener?’ ^. "ires fome fupport to hold it up. The flowers are difpofed GF HLA MUA 4C ANM T Bagy difpofed in fmall umbelle ; which are generally placed pretty near, and on one fide of, the foot-ftalks of the leaves; each little umbella: being compofed of five or fix radii, fixed upon a common foot-ftalk. It is a very elegant little plant. BOMBAX 1. Foliis digitatis, brachiis erecto-patentibus. Bombax foliis digitatis, caule aculeato & non aculeato. UL. Sp. Pl. Goflipium arboreum maximum fpinofum, & non fpinofum. | Slo. Cat. 157. Goffipium altericme Mart. 562. The Silk Cotton-Tree, with erect branches. Periantium Monopbyllum, ventricofum, /ubcampanulatum, ereclum crenatum ; crenis incertis La ef Corolla Pentapetala; petalis oblongo-ovatis, fubcochleatis, unguibus angu- — fis inferne tubo flaminum adnatis. | Stamina, Filamenta quinque, inferne coalita in tubum brevem, collo coar- Gatum, petalis adnatum, germini impofitum ; fuperne libera, ere&to-patentia, longitudine floris: antherx maxime cordate, Pifüllum. Germen ovatum, tubo flaminum tectum; ttylus fimplex, longitu- | dine flaminum, intra tubum tenuifimus; fupra faucem, tu- midus, gibbus; inde equalis, dechnatus: ftigma, obtufum quin- quelobum. Pericarpium, Cap/ula fubrotundo-ovalis, quinguelocularis, quinguevalvis. Semina Plurima fubrotunda tomento obvoluta. BOMBAX 2. Foliis digitatis, brachiis borizontaliter porrectis. Bombax foliis digitatis caule levi. L. Sp. Pl. The Silk Cotton- Tree, with horizontal branches. It is not eafy to determine whether thefe are different fpecies, or variations of the fame plant: but the difpofition of the branches is remarkably different, in different trees; and that even in thofe that grow within the fame field. The trees are very com- mon both in the Ez// and We/t- Indies; they grow generally in the low lands, and rife frequently to the height of eighty or an hundred feet, and more, by a ftraight and well-proportioned ftem. The genus is evidently of the Ma//ows tribe, and partakes diftin&ly of all the natural characters of the clas; but by what chance it happened to be fo varioufly ranged, by Linneus, I can't determine. The flowers grow in large tufts; and fhoot commonly in great abundance, before the leaves appear: they are moderately large, and of a dirty white colour, "The trunk, while young, is always armed with thorns; but thefe feldom appear, after it has acquired a degree of height and ftrength, fuflicient to protect it. The cotton of this tree makes very good beds, but does not bear the water for the hatters ufe, nor has it a ftaple to {ferve for any other purpofe. The leaves, while young and tender, are often boiled for greens, and frequently ufed by the negroes; and the trunks of the full-grown trees ferve for Conoas (a), or long-boats. It is a ftately {hady tree, while it {tands; but when it falls, it becomes a neft for Macaccas, and other infects; and the chief bed, or mould, for the table mu(hroom ; and is of little ufe befides, The bark of the root has been fometimes ufed with fuccefs, as a vulnerary and fubaftrin- gent; and the feeds may be adminftered, with propriety, in emulfions and pectoral infufions. (a) A Canca, Conca, or Conoco, is but a junk of fome large tree, hollowed as much as the dimenfions of its axis will bear: the Icngth being regulated by fancy, or proportioned to the ufe it is intended for, They are fometimes very large, and hold the water fo well, in thofe fmooth feas, that people fre- quently venture twenty or thirty leagues from the fhore in 'em. 4C SECT 4278 THE NATURAL|HISTORY S. E.C T. ec yt of p as have the Staminal- Tube. divided i into ten di int F EA at the top. l RYTHROXYLUM 1. Foliis elifticis, sies ead fubtus notatis; fafciculis florum fparfis. Tab. 14. f.3. & Tab. 38. f. 2. "e apici An, Bucephalon, Plum. t. 20. | An, Malifolia fubtus albicanti arbor bois &c. Slo. Cat. 170. & H. Safe BOOK Red-wood, or fe won with oval EER, Periantium Campanulatum parvum, ullra medietatem in quinque partes x = lanceolatas fectum: . Corolla. . „Petala quinque oblongo-ovata, appendiculis totidem foliaceis, fim- A A briatis, ad bafim interne ornata, > espe Stamina. Filamenta decem, brevia, inferne. coalita, Juperue diftinttifiima ; PER anthere oblonga. Piftllum, Germen oblongo-ovatum ; ftyli tres, ereéto-patentes, ab ipj fum- mitate germinis orti, recedentes, Jlaminitus kagor es; Ítigmata : gdabofa craffiufcula. Pericarpium. Bacca, parva oblonga unilocularis.. Semen. Nucleus unicus trilobus inequalis, narito ligneo HH This is a fmall, but a beautiful tree: the leaves are of an oval form, and marked with two flender longitudinal lines upon the back, which were the utmoft limits, of that part of the leat that was,expofed, while it. lay i in a folded ftate....The flowers ` grow in little clufters, and are very thick upon the branches. The inward bark is of a fley colour; and the wood of a reddifh brown. It is reckoned an excellent timber-wood, for the fize of the tree, which feldom exceeds fixteen or eighteen feet in height, or five or fix iachés i in diameter. ERYTHROXYLUM 2i Filii nisi Jubrotundis inf Exil yfylis brevif- mis, ramulis tenuiffimis. The fmall round-leafed Erythroxyluiny or Red-wood, nih very: flender branches. . | This tree differs much from the foregoing, both in fhape and td manner of its growth; but it anfwers the effential characters, thoroughly. It grows in the low lands, like the other; and rifes commonly to the height of eighteen or twenty fcet, Its leaves are roundifh, and ímall; and the branches very flender. TRICHILIA 1. Subbirfuta, foliis pinnatis ovatis, racemis alaribus. Evonimus caudice non ramofo, folie alato, &c, Slo. Cat. 171. & H. t. 219. iy Guidonia Plumeri? : Eae The fhrubby joe Re Periantium Campanulatum minimum quadri- vel quinquecrenatum. Corolla Pentapetala, petalis oblongis patentibus etate reflexis. Stamina. Filamenta decem, com; refa, in tubum corolla breviorem coalita; antheræ ereite, affurgentes, e margine tubi ort, decidue, Piftillum. Germen obovatum, obtufè trilobum; «fjas brevis; ftigma capi- tatum £ridenticulatum, = ` 2 Pericarpium. 4 * $ d i | f E | | | Qi AMA TAG Av dud Pericarpium. Capfula fubrotunda, obtuf? triloba, trilocularis, trivalvis, de- bifcens, ! Semina Subovata, membrana propria carnofd tela; in Jfingulo locula- . mento fingula, quandoque gemina. TRICHILIA 2. \Foliis oblengo-ovatis, pinnatis; nitidiss racemis laxis, rario- ribus. uh An, Pruno forte affinis arbor, Se. Slo, Cat. 182. & H. t. 128 & 220. The fhrubby Trichilia, with fmooth leaves. Both thefe fhrubs are very common in the Savazzas about Kingfton: they thrive beft in a dry gravelly foil, and feldom rife-above eight ‘or ten feet in height; The feeds of all the fpecies are generally inveloped in a fcarlet waxen fubftance, within their cells; which generally burft open as foon as the capfule is ripe, and expofe them to the fun; all the valves ftretching out almoft in an horizontal pofition. gi Ugo: qom cr Of fuch as have tbe Staminal-Tube, divided into a great number of Filaments, at the top. » Gee 1. Arborefcens, foliis ovatis paucioribus Jugatis, floribus fpicillatis. ab. 22. I. Horfe-wood, or Hoop-wood. Periantium Minimum, equale, quinquecrenatum. Corolla Monopetala, tubulata, quinguedentata, angufla, longa, perfiftens: Stamina, Filamenta fexdecim plura, inferne in tubum fimplicem anguflum, germen firite amplexantem, redata; fuperne libera, tenuij- fima: anthere minime fubrotunda. - ! Pifillum. Germen oblongum; ftylus fimplex, longitudine tubi flaminum; ftigma fimplex. T | . Pericarpium. Legumen longum compreffum, feminibus oclo vel novem fubro- 4 orco c fundis, .relerium. eer Semina . Oblonga, compreffa, remota. .. i A This fhrub is very common in Sz. Mary's: it grows chiefly in low moift lands; _ but is fometimes found in the mountains, where it commonly rifes to the height of ten or twelve feet, or better. The wood is pretty tough, and fometimes cut for hoops. ; SIDA 1. Erea fubincana wilbfa, ramulis brevioribus, foliis oblongo-cor- | ^ atis ferratis, floribus confertis ad alas fuperiores. Althea Zeylenica incana, flore luteo parvo, &c. Bur, The. Zey. Althea flore luteo parvo, &c. Slo. Cat. 96. "The Marfhmallow of Jamaica. This plant is very common in all the low lands and Savannas of the ifland :, it grows generally upright, and throws out a number of fhort branches towards the top; but it feldom rifes above two or three feet in height. | | 3 The flowers, and tender-buds, are full of à fine mucilage; and generally ufed inftead of Marfhmallow, in all the fhops of Jamaica, ces SIDA iSo THE NAT U RAE HISTORY SIDA 2. Fruticulofa, vifcofa & villofas fofits cordato-acuminatis, fuperiori- bus leniter & acute crenatis; petiolis longis, pedunculis tenut- bus folitariis ad alas. Alcea populi folio villofo, &c. Slo. Cat. 98. The Sida, with very flender foot-ftalks to the flowers. This little fhrubby plant feldom rifes above four or five feet in height. The trunk is pretty lignous, and covered with a whitifh bark, The leaves and {maller branches are a little villofe. The feed-vefiels are but few, flatted at the top, and compofed of many cells. SIDA 3. Erecfa, glabra; foliis cordato-acuminatis, fubtus incants, integris; edunculis longiffimis, tenut/fimis, fingularibus, alaribus. Sida foliis cordato-lanceolatis integerrimis. L. Sp. Pl. Althea /camonit folio, floribus albis, &c. Pk. t. 74. f. 7. Sida, &c. . Thez. Zey: pag. 2*. Pl. 2*. The heart-leafed Sida, with a loofe rifing flower-fpike. SIDA 4. Ereéta, foliis cordato-acuminatis integris, fubtus fubvillofis; pedun- culis longiffmis, tenuifimis, ramofis, per fpicam laxam affurgentem difpofitis. The flender erect Sida, with whole leaves. This is fo like the foregoing, in fize, colour, and the form of its leaves, that it is generally confounded with it; but the difpofition of the flowers and flower- -ftalks, diftinguifh it fufficiently. SIDA 5. Humilior, : foliis ovatis ferratis alternis, difliche fitis; petiolis C9 pedunculis brevibus, ramulis floriferis foliolatis alaribus. The broad-leafed Broom-weed. This plant is very common in all parts of the ifland: it grows very much like the fecond fpecies of the Melochia; and nearly refembles the fixth fort of Mal- lows. ‘The leaves and tender buds of this plant contain a great quantity of mu- cilage; and lather, like foap, with water: they are frequenily ufed in fhaving- wathes, by fuch as can't conveniently bear the fmell or acrimony of íoap. The leaves are purgative. | SIDA 6. Hirta urticata, foliis cordatis ferratis, floribus capitatis, peduncu- his communibus alaribus. The Nettle Sida. SIDA 7. Foliis cordato-acuminatis, ferratis; pedunculis longis, tenuiffmis, | alaribus, inferioribus fimplicibus, fuperioribus ramofis, The Sida, with long capillary flower-ftalks. This plant is a little villofe; it grows upright, and rifes generally to the height of three feet, or better. The foot-ftalks of the flowers are extremely delicate. SIDA 8. Humilior ramofa teres, foliis cordatis ferrato-crenatis, pedunculo Jimplict uniflora & altero bifloro foliolato ad alas. Althea morifolia, &c. Pk, t. 132. f. 1. The {mall Sida, with roundith leaves. : This ss k eL OTrP;.EA MeA d C.A. 281 This plant feldom rifes above a foot and a half, or two feet, in height: it is pretty frequent in the low lands about King flon. SIDA 9. Ereéta, fubvillofa, ramofa, tenuis; foliis cordato-acuminatis, reffe- Gentibus, leniter & acute crenatis; flore fingulari & ramulo frorifero foliolato ad alas. The fhrubby Sida, with reflected leaves. This plant is very common in the hills about the Ferry, and rifes generally to the height of four or five feet. The flowers are difpofed chiefly towards the top, and the leaves commonly reflected a good way backwards. There is a variation of this plant, with very fmall leaves, SIDA 10. Hirta affurgens, foliis angulato-cordatis, obtufé lobatis, atque dentatis; floribus. conglobatis, capitulis foltolatis, pedunculis validis alaribus. Sida capitulis pedunculatis triphyllis feptemfloris. L, Sp. Pl. Baftard Ochro. This plant grows chiefly in low rich bottoms, and is frequently met with in marfhy places. The ftem is pretty thick and fucculent, the leaves large, and all the parts : of the plant rough and.hairy. The tender buds are full of mucilage, and a little purgative, : SIDA 11, Major, affurgens, fubfruticofa €. fubvillofa ; foliis cordatis, quan- . doque angulatis; capjulis depreffis; pedunculis longioribus folita- riis ad alas. Bolocrin. H.M. p. 6. t. 45. The larger Sida, with crowned f{eed-veffels. I found this plant near the cod of the bay, beyond Rock Fort; and there it grows naturally, on the banks above the beach. The whole plant is villofe, and of a whitifh colour: the leaves are large, and angular, or of the figure of a heart: the flowers are fingle, and ftand on long foot-ftalks at the ale of the leaves; and the fecd-vefícls, which are pretty large, are compofed of about twenty particular de- preffed lodges. The American matrons fometimes order an infufion of the leaves, and tender buds of this plant, for women in difficult labours; and decm it a very powerful medicine in fuch cafes. - longiffimis terminalibus incidentibus. URENA 1. Fruticulofa, foliis ferratis, oblongis; floribus conglobatis, pedunculis The fhrubby ere& Urena, with bearded feeds. This plant is very common in the woods, and grows generally to the height of four or five feet, fometimes more. The leaves are pretty large; and the teed-vef- fels, which are compofed, each, of five cells loofely connected together, carry three long bearded briftles, or fete, on the top of each cell; whereby they adhere to every thing that touches them, ES URENA 2. Foliis profunde quinguelobis; lobis inferne anguftioribus, denti- culatis; floribus confertis ad alas. i af Malva five alcea fruticofa ribefii foliis, &c. Slo. Cat. 96. & H. t.i. f. 2. Alcea Indica frutefcens, &c. Pk. t. 5. f. 3. © Alcea Indica, "Thez. Zey. 4D The ats TH PAN A T U-ROA BR HISTORY The branched Urena, with lobed leaves. This plant grows commonly in the lower hills: it is remarkable for the lobed form of its leaves, and the compreffed make of its rugged capfula. MALVA 1. Repens, foliis orbiculatis crenatis, petiolis longiffimis, pedunculis binis vel ternis, fimplicibus ad alas. Malva, caule repenti, foliis cordato-orbiculatis obfoleté quinguelobis, L. Sp. Ph: Gc. | The Mallows of the fhops. This plant was introduced to Jamaica by Capt. Jones; who planted it in the mountains of New Liguanea, where it now grows without any care, and is likely to thrive very well. ts emollient qualities are too well known to need being men- tioned here. MALVA 2. Minima fupina, foliis oblongis ferratis, pedunculis unifloris mo- ° nophyllis, calice exteriori remoto, foliolis angufiiffimis ciliatis, Malva minor Jupma, &c. Slo. Cat. 96. & 11, t. 137. £. 2. — The {mall creeping Mallows. This little creeping plant is very common in the low lands, and feldom runs above feven or eight inches in length. The flowers grow fingle; and each of the foot-ftalks is generally adorned with one leaf, and three ciliated ftipule; which compofe the outward cup: but thole towards the top of the plant, are very fhort, fo that the flowers appear as if they were difpofed in {mall heaps at the ale of the leaves. — — MALVA 3. Humilior fubvillofa, foliis ovatis ferratis, floribus confertis ala- ribus. E | 3 s The fmall flender Mallows, with oval leaves. MALVA 4. Humilor, folits ferratis, ovatis, diflichis, alternis; petiolis longio- ribus, pedunculis brevibus folitariis ad alas. The Broom-weed Mallows. MALVA 5. Afurgens, fubvillofa, viminibus tenuioribus lentis, floribus fefili- | us, [picis oblongis terminalibus & alaribus. The erect Mallows, with long flender branches. MALVA 6. Afurgens villofa, ramulis tenuibus, floribus fefflibus ficis l Jubrotundis alaribus, inferioribus pedunculatis. | d The erect Mallows, with long flender branches, and round flower- ; {pikes. Thefe laft fpecies are common in all the low lands, The third and fourth feldom rife above fixteen or eighteen inches; but the fifth and fixth grow generally to the height of four feet, or better. - GOSSIPIUM 1. Procerius, foliis trilobis, feminibus minoribus virentibus. French Cotton. ____ This fhrob is planted ina few gardens in Yamaica, but is not much cultivated : for the Cotton is not thought to be fo good ; and the feeds are fo fmall, that it is a difficult matter to icparate them from the wool. It grows, however, more luxuriant than the M ccr : | other, OPI a MAT T CVA. 283 other, and rifes generally from feven to nine feet in height, bearing a great number af feed-veflels on all the branches. ` GOSSIPIUM 2. Fruticofum, foliis trilobis, Saec majoribus. "Goffipium foliis trilobis integerrimis. L. 8 Goflipium. Mart. 7. & Goffipium Brafilianum flore flavo Hern. Slo. Cat. 156. The Cotton fhrub. This plant is of a quick luxuriant growth; and rifes, generally, from four to fix feet in height, throwing out a good many branches from all parts, as it fhoots, It is now cultivated mach in Jamaica, and fupplies a very confiderable and beneficial branch of the exports of thatifland. It thrives beft in a rich gravelly foil, and generally yields two crops a year; the one in May; the other in September. It is planted in regular walks, and at a moderate diftance from each other, fo as to let the branches fpread ; which, however, are fometimes pruned, if the ground be too rich, and the growth over-luxuriant. When the pods are full grown, and ripe, they burft, and expofe their feeds, wrapt up in their native flocks, to the fun: and when a great part of them are thus opened, the negroes begin to gather the wool with the feeds, from which it is afterwards cleared by a convenient machine, commonly called a Gen; which is made of two even, ímooth, and fmall rollers, placed clofe, and parallel to each otber in a frame: thefe are faftened to different wheels. at the oppofite fides of the machine, and turned in contra-directions by the fame foot-frame. ‘The cotton is put to thofe rollers, as they move round, and it readily pafles between them, leaving the feeds, which are too large for the inter-fpace, behind. What paffes in this operation, is afterwards hand-picked, and packed up in bags for the market. All our fuftians, calicoes, Manchefter velvets, Gc. are made of this commodity; which now maintain a very confiderable branch of the commerce of Great Britain: for they are-generally worn in all parts of the world, particularly in thofe countries fituated more immediately under the fun. Nor can there be any other fort of cloaths, fo appropriated to thofe climates ; for it eafily exhales the vapours of the fkin, and is not fo eafily moiftened by them, as "— linnén or woollen; nor does it yield or rot fo foon. The greateft part of the cotton now occured, added in *amaicà, i is imported into England, and wrought up chiefly about Maxchefler; where, I am credibly in- formed, there are no lefs than 120,000 people, conftantly employed in the different - branches of the manufacture of this fingle ftaple. . And indeed it is from this place that moft foreign markets are now fupplied with the various forts of cotton cloaths ; there being but little worked up in the places of its growth, except what is made into hammocks; and even that little branch of induftry has not yet reached famazca. The plant is propagated by the feed, which is generally fowed in September, or Okfober.; but the ground muft be kept very clean about the | young plants, until they rife to a moderate height; for they are, otherways, very much fubjeé to be de- ftroyed by caterpillars. ‘The feeds ought to be but flightly covered with mould, at firit; and the earth fhould be well loofened about them; that the young plants, which are very tender, may take a proper root in time. An emulfion of the feeds is recommended much in bloody-fluxes: they yield a great quantity of oil by expreffion;. and fupply many plantations with a fufficient p of that commodity, for their boiling-houfe lamps, ALTHEA Í. Ereéta sin, yas ferratis, haflato-cordatis ; peda tenui- bus fingularibus ad alas. The fmaller ere& Marfhmallows. OP. 44 THE NATURAL. HIS TORY Obj: Periantium exterius ocftopbyllum, foliolis linearibus; caffula quinque- locularis, quinquefper mis. ALTHEA 2. Maritima, arborefcens, diffufa y foliis orbiculato-cordatis, leniter crenatis, fubtus cinereis. Malva arborea, folio rotundo, cortice duéfili, &c. Slo. Cat. j 5. & H. t. 134. An, Hibifcus foliis cordatis integerrimis. L. Sp. Pl. & Fl, Zey. Parii. H.M. p. 3..t: 30. . ^ The Mohoe, or Bark- Tree. This tree is frequent by the fea-fide, in many parts of Jamaica; and grows very luxuriantly in feveral places. It rifes commonly to the height of fixteen or eighteen fect, and throws out fome large flowers, which generally appear of a yellow;. or faffron colour. The bark of the tree is very tough, and not much inferior to either hemp, or flax, on many occafions: it is naturally white, and of a fine, foft, fila mentous texture; which muft, undoubtedly, render it extremely fit for the paper- mill. The negroes, and country people, make all their ropes of it; which, had they been tarred and well twifted, would probably be no ways inferior to thofe that are made of the beft hemp. 5 } | All the parts of the tree, efpecially the flowers, abound with a fine mucilage; and are both emollient and laxative. tis, fpicis laxis terminalibus. Malva maritima folio fubrotundo minori. Slo. Cat. 95. & H. t. 134. The {maller Mohoe. ici cpi ind This fhrub grows, in great abundance, in all the marfhes about the Ferry; where it generally fhoots to the height of five or fix feet: but the flowers aré much fmaller, and the bark not fo ftrong as that of the other fpecies. It ferves to tie up the Scotch grafs, and is fometimes made into ropes, ALTHEA 3. Uliginofa frutefcens, foliis cordato-acuminatis leniterque crena- HIBISCUS 1. Arboreus, foliis angulato-cordatis, flore amplo croceo, ligno via olaceo. 7 Hibifcus folis cordatis crenatis, angulis lateralibus extimis parvis, caule arbore. L:Sp.Pl & H.C, : Bupariti. HM. M. p. 3*. t. 29. The Mountain Mobve. This tree grows commonly to a confiderable fize: it is frequent in the inland woods about Bath; and is generally reckoned an excellent timber-tree. The wood is of a dark olive colour; the bark pretty fmooth ; the trunk tall and ftraight; and . the flowers large and open, and not unlike thofe of the yellow lilly, either in fize or appearance. All the tender parts of the tree abound with a delicate mucilage, and may be ufed, upon occafions, inftead of the more ufual medicines of this tribe. : HIBISCUS 2. Frutefcens, Jolits angulatis, cordato-acuminatis, crenatis; pe- talis ab uno latere auritts. An, Hibiícus foliis ae crenatis angulis lateralibus folitariis parvis, L HAST Li The fhrubby Mountain Mako, with cared petals, 4 This bacs ES : i re a i aa = te pi ee dI, 1 SE Heer n gerne Op Bi nf AAMA ri G A. 286 |. "This (hrub is very common in the woods, but feldom feen in the lower lands. The flowers are of a deep flefh-colour, and fucceeded by fo many moderately large capfules, HIBISCUS 3. Ramofus, hirfutus; foliis lobatis, irregulariter crenatis, fru&u wre. 3 longiori. Hibifcus foliis quinquepartito-bedatis, calicibus interioribus latere rumpena 2 tibus. LL. Sp. Pl. Alcea maxima, malve rofce folio. Slo. Cat. 98. & Hift. tab. 133. Guinambo 2°, Pif. 211. An, Guanambanus. Bont. 155? The O£ro Plant. "Ehe pods of this fhrubby plant are full of a nutritive mucilage; and the prin- cipal ingredient in moft of the foops, and pepper-pots, made in America; di(hes fre- quently ufed in thofe parts of the world, They are generally boiled feparately, and added juft before thefe meffes are taken off the fire: but the feeds may be boiled in broth, like barley or any other ingredient; for they are not fo mucilaginous, Thespods, boiled and buttered, make a rich plate: but they are ufed only in. pri- vate families, in this form, HIBISCUS 4. Hipidus, Soltis quinquelobis, lobis acutis, femine mufcato. Hibifcus foliis peltato-cordatis, feptangularibus ferratis bifbidis, L. H, C. & Sp. PL - Lob lae TR Guinambo 1°. Pifonis 210. Ketmia Ægyptia femine muftato. Inft. & Thez. Zey. p. 1344 pues i cd The Mutk. Okro. The feeds of this plant, when grown to full maturity, have a ftrong and perfe& fmell of muík ; a few grains being fufficient to perfume a whole room, It may be, undoubtedly, ufed, with great propriety, in powders and pomatums, ec. inftead of that {carce commodity : nor do I doubt but, they. might be ufed, with as much elegance, in emulfions, in many medical cafes, a ee ae i P Eu ue ed "t rtr i HIBISCUS z. Rufefcens acetofus, foliis trilobis. | Hibifcus inermus, foliis ferratis, inferioribus ovatis integris, fuperioribus tri- SS E a CG sp PI- Ea a cs e Ketmia Indica Gofipit folio, acetofe fapore. Inf, & Thez. Zey. 13 s. Red Sorrel. _ The flowei-cups and capfule, freed from the feeds, are the only parts of this, - plant that are ufed: they make very agreeable tarts; and the deco&ion of them, fweethed and fermented, ‘is what people commonly. call; Sorrel Cool-drink, in America: t is a {mall diluting liquor, that is much ufed in all our fugar-colonies, aüd-reckoned very refrefhing in thofe fultry climates. PA There is a variation of this fpecies, that is thoroughly green; which is ufed, -in all refpects, like the other. | tifimis, "The prickly Bark Tree. - HIBISCUS 6. rboreus, foliis fubrotundo-angulatis, in junioribus aculea~ : This tree is very rare in Yamarca : I have feen it in the woods back of Sz. 4#n’s bay, where it grows pretty ftraight and tall. The leaves of all the younge Shoots 2 full "e Mora: on both fides; which preferves them from injuries, while in that tender $86 TUR NATURAL HISTOREFE tender flate; but, as the tree rifes, that defence becomes ufclefs, and the foliage grows, almoft, quite fmooth. ‘The inward bark is very tough, and fit for ropes; but it is more coarfe and fibrous than that of the Moboe. HIBISCUS 7. Fruticofus, brachiatus; foliis cordato-lobatis; flore variabili. Hibifcus foliis cordato-quinqueangularibus, obfolete ferratis, caule arboreo, L. Sp. Pl. Hibifcus foliis cordato-quinqueangularibus obfolete ferratis. L, H.C. Ketmia Sinenfis fru&iu fubrotundo, &c. "Thez. Zey. 133, 8. Hina-pareti, H. M. p. 6. t. 38, 9. zd The Chinaife Rote. This fhrub is cultivated in many parts of Jamaica, on account of its flowers; which appear of a pale white in the morning; turn toa light flefh-colour, after they bear the action of the fun, for fome hours; and contract and clofe with the night, to be ready for the like changes the enfuing day. HIBISCUS 8. Fruticofus diffufus, foliis cordato-angulatis cum acumine ; cap fulis & interne & externe birtis, pruriginofis, ~~ The fhrubby Modce, with briftly capfules. HIBISCUS 9. Hi/pidus, foltis cordato-acuminatis, poea dentatis, auritis; foribus fingularibus ad alas. The fmall Nettle Hibi/cus, or Moboe. HIBISCUS 10. Arboreftens, trichotomus; foliis amplifimis, cordato-angulatis , Jeminibus laná ubris The Bombaft Moboe, with very large leaves. . This tree is frequent on the banks of Spami/h Town river, in the road to Sion. x mile-walk, The capfule are very long and thick; and the localaments full of a fine down, which invelopes the feeds, The leaves of this tree are fometimes above a foot and a half in diameter, C I Aus decXVIP Of the Diadelphiay ; or Vegetables that have the Fr/z- ments of their F lowers connected into two diftin& columns at the bafe, but loofe and feparate at the top. GS". 5 Lr Of Juch as have efi than ten Filaments in every Flower, AUHINIA r. Foliis dilobis, Jpicis laxis terminalibus. Bauhinia foliis ovatis, Jobis acuminatis femiovatis, L. Sp. Pl. Bauhinia. Plumeri. Sene Jpurie aut afphalatho affinis arbor, Gc, Slo, Cat. 150. 2 Mountain Qui "f Ar MIAJ IT CA. 287 Mountain Ebeny. Periantium — Mozopbyllum, in quinque lacinias, anguftas, declinatas, ad ba- fim fere divifum. Corolla, ReGen petalis oblongis, anguftis, fere equalibus, irregulari- ter fitis, Stamina. Filamenta diadelpbia: inferius fimplex validifimum & longiffi- „mum, Jubulatum y: anthera oblonga: {uperiora coalita, ad api« cem vix fejuntia, anthere minime abortive. POLYGALA 1. Herbacea, minor, erecta ; foliis linearibus ; ; Spica multiplici, : terminali, foliofá, —. The {mall eret Pol haha. This beautiful little plant i is a native of Yamaica, and pretty frequent in the drier hills of Sz. Faith's and St. Catherine’s. It has a great deal of the fmell and taíle of the Sexeka Snake-root; but is not fo ftrong, or difagreeable : is a mild at- tenuant, and fudorific; and may be adminiftered in infufions, or decoCtions, with great propriety, where fuch medicines are requifite. It grows, generally, to the height of fix or feven inches, and is feldom —— below the middle. P OLYGALA 2. Fraticfo, ye ovatis gris foribus confertis, pedunculis bafi gibb "The (aller (hrubby . Pol lygala. \POLYGALA 3. Fruticofa; foliis glabris, ovatis; capfulis fubrotundis, com- preffis, emarginatis , racemis minoribus, laxis, alaribus. Polygala foribus imberbibus, racemos s caule arboreo, foliis variis. L, Sp; Pl. The Baftard Lignum Vite, of the red hills. This fhrub grows very plentifully i in the red hills; and there, it generally rifes to the height of feven or eight feet, or better, It is called Baftard Lignum Vite, in thoíe parts, becaufe it taftes not unlike. the pr of Sie wood ; 3 and is fometimes ufed for the fame purpofes, . — — 3 POLYGALA 4. Arborea, »- lanceolato-ovatis ; capfulis compreffis, bilobis, ultra medietatem divifis. The larger Polygala. T have feen this tree in the woods of Sz. Elizabeth's: it grows to a more confide- nbis fize than either of the others, being frequently above twenty feet in height, SECURIDACA 1. Fruticofa, foliis fubrotundis, ramulis. tenuifimis, fpicis laxis terminalibus, Ehe {maller fhrubby Securidaca. Periantiom: Tripbyllum, foliolis ovatis. ; Corolla Papilltonacea : vexillum nullum; ale ampliores, eret, f tunda ; carina femilunata, compreffa, genitalia ample&en a Stamina. Filamenta oclo, in tubum arcuatum, fuperne fiffum, ad ba, alita; fuperne libera : antheiz ovate, £ bafi vero tubi, Mri gu - 2388 T H EANATURJAL. HISTORY que, emergit appendix ligulata; majufcula, invicem appropinguata, ; , vexilli minoris vicem fuppeditaus. ^» ^ Pifüllum." Germen ovatum; ftylus fübulatus, dongitudine faminum; ftig- ma latiufculum. ee. Capfula unilocularis, monofpermis, Jübrotunda, Jabra, in alam membranaceam oblonga majorem dej inens, M ORCURIDACA 2. Sonde polis yt pn ramofis. Securidaca. L. Sp. Pl, \ The larger climbing Securitlatu. Both thefe plants are natives of Yamaica, but not common. I found the firft fpecies in S£. "f ames's, the other in. thefred hills, ‘The former grows upright, and divides into a number of very delicate ene branches; the other. is a climber, and more Tüxurianit in “every parte | : 3i dt E M usa “The re ee with. UT singers E io 3i iciod Periantium Breve cylindraceum, quafi bilabiatum ; labium faperius crena- tums; inferius zrzdentatum- Corolla quce: vexillum erectum, oblongum, Ese coniu a ala brevis, ‘ovata, " compreffa ad angie alri ofta. > eee Filamenta novem, ae dad coalita; Juperne Libera; anthers: fub- 0fun a. shut 1 Pium. Sollentacolum jus. germen oblongum apum » di bre- 00 Vir récurous s “ftigma a ufum. Panicum Siliqua oblonga comprefja, np on rim referta, This fhrub is very common in the low lands, and rémarkable for the vaft quan- tities of white flowers it throws out, after every rain. It grows ex bufhy, and rifes generally to the height of feven or eight feet, fometimes more, Tee to a f ft SIOE, eo] SR P Of. fuch as have ten Filamenta, in quer — y ios E RINA I. i. Jpinefa g non a Jes foliis rhombæis, pinnata- ernati = te f Erythrina foliis ternatis, FDA alas [pinta „L. Sp. Pl, & H.C, Coral arbor Clif 7. Slo. Cat. 142. & H. t. 178. : Corallodendron triphyllum Americanum, &c, Tiez. vi Muruc, H., M. p. 6, t... | The Coral e or Red Bean Tree. This tree grows in many parts of Jamaica, and fifes, generally, to the height of fixteen or eighteen feet. There are many reafons. that “induce me to think it not a native; but to have been introduced to that ifland in the time, of the Spaniards, who ufed to plant it among their Cacao trees, where the walks lay mot expofed to the weather; in order to break the fus of thé wind, in burricane times; from er di Cem among them. our, whence it has acquired the. appellation 1 of Ma Thé fceds of this tree are of a beaut tiful re g E NEANTHE "-— a Geri J AMIS GIOHASM T Ms NEANTHE 1. mir ce Joliis oblongis nitidis pinnatis, racemis termina- tbus. The Weanthe, with pinnated leaves. Periantium Monophyllum, tubulatum, quinquedentatum. Corolla Tripetala; tertium ceteris duplo majus, omnia involvens, Stamina. Filamenta decem, diadelpbia ; antherx fubrotunda, Pifillum. Germen oblongum ; ftylus fubulatus fimplex; ftigma acutum. Pericarpium Legumen. Cztera defiderantur. I found one of thefe trees near Port Antonio; but could never meet with another of the fort, in any part of the ifland. GALEGA? 1. Fruticofa, foliis cR CS pinnatis fpicis fimplicibus termi- nalibus. Tab, Corallodendron folio fee iav, pie tomentofo; flore luteo, Plum. Cat. Arbori Coral affinis non fpinofa, fraxini folio rotundiore, &c. Slo, Cat. 144. The fhrubby Goat-rue, with round afh-coloured leaves. Periantium Campanulatum, leviffimée dentatum, fere truncatum, Corolla Quafi leguminofa, pentapetala irregularis ; ; fuperius /ubovata ; late- ralia oblonga equalia, unguibus tenuibus intidentia; infima ad apices agglutinata. Stamina, p decem, bafi leviffime adnata; inde libera: anthere ate. ; Piftillum. Sijfearatulen breve; germen oblongum; ftylus brevis, ftigma obtufiufculum. Pericarpium; Legumen longum torofum. Semina plurima oblongo-ovata., This fhrubby plant grows chiefly in the low lands, near the fea; and rifes, ge- nerally, to the height of fix or feven feet. It is of a dark afh colour, and bears many long pods of a roundifh cylindric form, but {welling about the feeds. I doubt whether the leaves of this m would not make a good Aa st GALEGA? -2. Herbacea fubcinerea villofa, filialis oblongis Suma | ffpicis laxioribus ad alas. The fmall herbaceous Gian Periantium coe ultra medietatem in quinque lacinias anguftas acutas un. COENA OMA vexillum amplum omnia tegens; ale angufhe ob- onge ad latera vexilli pofite: carina bipetala; petalis angu- fiis, alis longioribus, ad apices adnatis, ad latera genitalium tis. - Stamina Decem erecta, bafi in tubum brevem coalita; antherz globofee. Piftillum, | Suflentaculum breviffimum: germen oblongum & leniter compref- Jum: ftylus Jongus ad medietatem flexus, recurvus; angulus acutus, flexurá tumidá: ttigma obtufum ciliatum. Pericarpium. Legumen teres feminibus plurimis, refertum. This plant is common among the bufhes in all the Savannas eet ^ cg .and feldom grows above eleven or twelve inches in length. ONONIS 1, Ereéfa minor, filiquis monofpermibus confertis. : The fmaller erect Reft-harrow. | 4F ONONIS mo THE NATURAE Weis PORY ONONIS 2. Ere&a, major, fubbirfuta; filiquis majoribus. The larger erect Reft-harrow. Both thefe plants are common in Jamaica; the former grows chiefly in the low lands, the other among the hills: but the firít feldom fhoots above one foot in height, while the other is frequently obferved to rife between two and three, with a pretty luxuriant ftalk and foliage. TERAMNUS r. Tripbhyllus fubbirfutus, foliis oblongo-ovatis, filiquis gracilibus compreffis, fpicts laxioribus alaribus. The fubhirfute Teramnus, with afh-coloured leaves. Periantium Parvum, in quinque lacinias angufias acutas equales profund2 eium. Corolla Leguminofa; vexillum cordatum, refleéfum ; ale erecta, oblongo- | ovata, longitudine fere vexilli; carina minima, lacinid infim calicis tetfa, genitalia brevifima amplectens. = Pericarpium. Legumen longum gracile compreffum, uniloculare, bivalve. Semina Plurima reniformia. | "This creeping, or climbing plant is pretty common in the lower hills; and runs generally the length of fix or feven feet from the root. "The leaves are oblong, and covered, moderately, with down: the flowers are fmall, and difpofed on flender fpikes, at the ale of the leaves; and the fced-vcíiels are long, flender, and comprefied. STIZOLOBIUM 1. Spicis multifloris pendulis alaribus, fforibus ternatis. ab. 31. f. 4. Ee | Phafeolus Americanus, foliis molli lanugine oppofitis, &c. Pk. €. 214. f. x. Phafcolus indicus lobis undiquaque pilofis, &c. Bur. Thez. Zey. Phafeolus utriufque Indie, lobis vtllofis pungentibus. Slo. Cat. 69. The Cowhage, or Cow-itch plant. STIZOLOBIUM 2. Pedunculis bipartitis alaribus.. The fmaller Cowhage, or Cow-itch plant. Periantium Monophyllum, tubulato-campanulatum, fubventricofum, ringens; bium fuperius majus, obtufum, emarginatum, reffe&lens ; in- ferius £ridentatum Juberectum. | Corolla Leguminofa; vexillum amplum fubrotundum reflexum, ungue va- lido munitum. Alæ oblonge patentes, cariná breviores, ad ba- Jim quafi adnate; carina bipetala, petalis oblongis ad apices agglutinatis, Stamina, Filamenta decem, inferne connata, fuperne libera; anthere ova- tæ, alterne fubmonftrofe oblnzee tumentes. Piftillum. — oblongum; ftylus fubulatus, flaminibus longior ; ftigma AE mplex. Pericarpium. Legumen longum fubeequale, ad utrumque. extremum adverfe (o ~ fubarcuatum, birtis pungentibus opfitum, feminibus gua- tuor, quingue- vel fex rentformibus, refertum, ' Thefe climbing plantsare common in all parts of the //7/- Indies, and rife generally to the top of the talleft trees about them, wherever they grow ; or fpread in proportion, if they chance to fhoot among lower bufhes. The ftems of both forts are round and flender, and the leaves oval and villofe ; and always three on every foot-ftalk. The flowers, which are of a dark purple colour, are difpofed in fpikes at the alæ of 4 i the . L4 [m MEE Cnm eo e. X; A Re ree JO TY A MUN I 2C4 A; 2i — the ribs, and fucceeded by fo many oblong pods, of a moderate length and thick- nefs, whofe furface is thickly befet with fhort, rigid, itchy hairs. A decoction of the roots of thefe plants is reckoned a powerful diuretic, and clean- fer of the kidneys: and a vinous infufion of the pods (twelve in a quart) is faid to be a certain remedy for the dropfy: the dofe half a pint, when made in beer. In the windward iflands, fome of the inhabitants make a fyrup of the pods, which is faid to be very effeCtual againft worms. PHASEOLUS 1. Minor, foliis ovatis, floribus ternatis alaribus, calicibus ex- teriortbus triphyllis, : The fmaller Pha/eolus, with the flowers difpofed in a ternate order i at the ale of the ribs. — . | PHASEOLUS 2. Suberectus major, filiquis maximis oblongis glabris, faturd | alterd nervo majori utrinque infignitd. » Dolicos Jeguminibus gladiolatis dorfo fulcatis, feminibus arillatis, L. Sp. Pl. Phafeolus maximus filiquis enfiformibus, &c. Slo. Cat, & H. t. 114. Phafeolus fylvefiris maximus, &c. Bur. Thez. Zey. The Horfe-Bean.. This plant grows in many gardens in ‘Yamaica, where it is cultivated chiefly out of curiofity, It feems to keep a main between the upright, and the climbing fpecies of the Pha/éolus; for the ftem feldom rifes above three or four feet, though it emits fome flender delicate fhoots, that run much further. The pods are commonly between ten and fourteen inches in length, and generally con- tain about ten or eleven feeds; but the pulfe is very feldom ufed, being generally thought, more or lefs, of a deleterious nature, 4 PHASEOLUS 3. Minor erectus pratenfis, foliis oblongis, vexillo minori, fii- quis gracilióus. : Phafeolus erectus lathyroides, &c. Slo. Cat. 71. & H. t. 116. 'T'he fmall ere& Phafeolus, with red flowers. - ‘This plant is pretty common in the Savannas about Spanifh Town; and rifes ge- nerally to the height of twelve or fourteen inches, or better. The bloffoms are of |. à deep red colour; and the fide-leaves, or ale of the flower, very long, in propor- tion to the other parts. PHASEOLUS 4. Scandens, fpicis laxis terminalibus, filiquis compreffis tetra- bermibus, utráque futurá rugofá. Phafeolus maximus perennis, &c. Slo, Cat. 67. & H. t. 113. Bonavift. E : This plant is cultivated by moft of the inhabitants, in the country parts of Ja- maica; for it thrives better than any of the other fpecies ; and the feeds are gene- rally reckoned very wholefome and palatable, It grows luxuriantly in the dryeft foils, and fpreads a great way upon the rocks, or neighbouring bufhes. is PHASEOLUS 5. Suberedtus, filiquis quinquefpermibus oblongis & leniter . compreffis, feminibus quandoque mifcellis, PT The Kidney-Bean, or Cock-ftonee — 1 ' This plant is cultivated in moft parts of the world. The pods are generally, while in a tender ftate, boiled whole and ferved up by way of greens: but, when Sees ton — T.H E^! NOA TURAL HIS DOR. Y feed, the pulfe is picked to feed the negroes, in thofe colonics. The whole plant feldom rifes above a couple of feet in height. PHASEOLUS 6. Perennis, floribus berbaceis minoribus; [picis alaribus & terminalibus; filiquis compre/fis tetrafper mibus, Jutura al- tera rugofa. The Lima Bean. ^ This climbing plant was introduced to ‘famaica {fome years ago, and is fince much cultivated in all parts of the ifland; for the feeds are very tender and palata- ble; and far fuperior to any other pulíe, of the fort, now cultivated in that ifland, It requires a rich foil, and continues to bear four or five years fucceffively ; but does not produce fo aoe as fome of the other fpecies. PHASEOLUS 7: dris ; filiquis gracilibus, teretibus, uc: Jemini- bus rufe efcentibus, oblongis. EROE ere&lus major, &c. Slo. Cat. 71. H. t. 115. 3 Calavances, or Red Peafe. This fpecies is pretty much- cultivated in Jamaica: it is a hardy fruitful plant, 'and thrives almoft in every foil; tho’ it feldom rifes above a couple of feet in height. -The feeds ferve to feed the negroes; and are frequently ufed by the poorer fort of white people: they are obíerved to be a hearty wholefome food. PHASEOLUS 8. Ereétus; filiquis gracilibus, teretibus, Pols ypermibuss Jemi- -nibus Jubrotundis, bilo nigro notatis. "Phafcolüs ere&us minor, Jemine Jphærico, &c. Slo, Cat. & Bh f. ll* The Black-eyed Pea. This plant is pretty much like the foregoing, both in Ros and growth; and cultivated in the fame manner, and for the fame purpofes: but it is more commonly ufed by the better fort of people. PHASEOLUS 9. Ereétus; filiquis Wider, teretibus, polyfpermibus; ges- nibus oblongis, abidis. Cuckolds-Increafe. This plant refembles the feventh fpecies very much, both in fize and fon manner f -its growth, as well as in the form of the pod and feeds, ltisa very € pulfe, and now much cultivated throughout the whole ifland. PHASEOLUS 10. Scandens, filiquis glabris comprefis, tri- vel guadrifper- mibus. The Jamaica Bean, or Sugar-Bean. "This plant is cultivated in all parts of "famaica; and the pulfe generally "ia: ufe of at every gentleman's table. It is of an eafy growth, and continues to bear a confiderable part oe be p. PHASEOLUS. us Seandem, Siliquis comprefis quinquefpermibus fakatis, i nibus lineis fufcis.radiatis, La 1 xs se wah de È spka, The poifoned or wild Phafcolus, This | | | # OFT iJia Mu Isc A. 293 This plant refembles the foregoing, pretty much, both in the manner of its growth, and the form of its pods; but the feeds are remarkably f{triated, and gene- rally thought to be of a very deleterious nature, The plant is never cultivated, nor the feeds ufed, but through ignorance or inadvertency. PHASEOLUS 12. Maximus perennis, filiquis majoribus compreffs, tetra- vel penta[ber mibus. Phafeolus maximus perennis, &c. Slo. Cat. 66. The Broad Bean. This plant is cultivated more for the fake of its fhade, and fpeedy growth in arbours, than for its feeds; tho’ thefe are known to be both wholefome and palata- ble, and frequently ufed at the beft tables in the ifland, It is not cultivated fo much as the other forts, PHASEOLUS 13. Minimus repens, foliis linearibus, filiquis oblongis an- guftts. The fmalleft creeping Phafeolus. This little plant is generally found among the grafs, in the Savannas about Spa- nif Town. It is a very delicate plant, and feldom rifes above twelve or fourteen inches in length. It is different from the Ca£';-c/aw, which it refembles very nearly, DOLICHOS 1. Scandens, foliis nitidis ; filiqud majori quinquefpermi oblongd, Juico longitudinale utrinque notatá, The larger fmooth-leafed Dolichos. I found this plant in the mountains of Sz. Faith's; it grows pretty luxuriantly, and fpreads.a good way among the bufhes, The pod is generally about five or fix inches in length. ae en ee eng ee DOLICHOS"2. Scandens; filiquis geminatis comprefis, feminibus plurimis mifcellis oblongis, refertis. | | An, Phafeolus jubbirfutus Americanus, &c. Pkt. 214. fog. = The fmaller climbing Dolichos, with narrow pods, difpofed by pairs. DOLICHOS 3. Scandens, filiquis poly/permibus geminatis, quafi bexagonis. The larger climbing Dolichos, with angular pods, difpofed by pairs. Both thefe plants are common about the Angels, and generally found climbing among the neighbouring buthes, The form of the pods is a fufficient diftin&tion between the two fpecies. | A . prefs, Jaturá alterá trigond. ureo, &c. Slo. Cat, 69. ot. $12. a DOLICHOS 4. Maritimus repens, foliis orbiculatis nitidis, filiquis com- Phafeolus maritimus rotundi folius, flore pur, Phafeolus maritimus Zeylonicus. Burm. & The darge Sca-fide Doliobes, with round leaves, DOLICHOS 5. Maritimus, minor, repens; pedunculis longioribus; filiquis "s polyfpermibus, gracilibus, teretibus, ° 7 The fmaller 'Sea-fide Dolichos. | 40 = Both dà. THE NATUR ALIHISb TORY Both thefe plants grow pretty common by the fea-fide, in the parith of Sz. George's; but I could never obferve the laft fort in any other part of the ifland. The root of the other fpecies is a ftrong purgative. DOLICHOS 6. Herbaceus minor, foliis linearibus, filiqué polvfpermi com- preffa. Cats-Claws. This little plant is frequent about O/d-barbour : it grows among the bufhes, but feldom ftretches above three or four feet in length. ‘The pods are long, and com- prefed; and the ///zma, or top of the //y/e, almoft naked. This plant is ufed as a purgative-ingredient in diet-drinks, by fome of the inha- bitants of Mount/erat ; and is faid to anfwer well in hydropic cafes, DOLICHOS 7. Minimus fetidus repens, filiculis bifpermibus, Dolichos leguminibus racemofis comprefis tetrafpermibus, foliis rhombais, Pi ere L. Sp. Pl. Phafeolus minimus fetidus, &c. Slo, Cat. 71. & H. t. 115. The {mall fetid Dolichos. This little weakly plant is frequent in the lower lands of Jamaica: it grows chiefly among the bufhes, and rifes by a very flender branched ftem, furnithed with a great number of {mall leaves, difpofed, three together, on every foot-ftalk : but it feldom exceeds two or three feet in height, VICIA 1. Minor herbacea; foliolis linearibus fibtus birfutis. The {mall creeping herbaceous Vetch. | This little plant is frequent about O/d-barbour, and feldom runs above a foot, or fixteen inches, in length. The pods are comprefied, VICIA 2. Subincana minor affurgens, floribus geminatis per foicas termi- nales. | An, Coronilla Zeylonica tota argentia, Bur. Thez. Zey. | 'The more erect wild Vetch. This plant grows pretty erect, and is not uncommon on the brow of the hill, juft above Mr, Elletjon’s, in Liguanea. The pods are comprefíed, and difpofed loofely, by pairs, along the flowery extremities of the branches, VICIA 3. Caule erecfo, petiolis abfque cirrbis, L. Sp. Plant. Faba. Bau. & omnium authorum., Beans. This plant is fometimes cultivated in the mountains of New Liguanea; but does not thrive fo well as many of the other European vegetables, that are planted there from time to time, PISUM 1. Stipulis inferne rotundatis, crenatis; petiolis teretibus, pedunculis ~ multifioris. L, Sp. Pl. & Pifum /pulis crenatis. H.C, Peafe, | | | | | * OF: J AMAT OGA 295 This plant was alfo introduced to Yamaica, from Europe; and is now frequently cultivated in feveral parts of the ifland, but does not thrive well any where ; for it feldom rifes above two feet in height, and fhoots into bloffoms before the ftem is half grown: it does, however, produce a good many pods, which makes it not uncommon at the gentlemens tables there. ARACHIS 1. Tetraphylla, filiquas infra terram recondens , feminibus oblongis Arachidna, Plum. t. 36. Arachis. Gen, & L. Sp. Pl. i Arachidna utriufque Indie, &c. Slo: Cat. 72. Sena ¢etraphylla, feu apfi congener folliculos condens, &c. Pk. t. 6o. f. 2. Pindar s, or Ground-Nuts. The feeds of this plant are frequently imported to Jamaica, in the fhips from Africa; and fometimes cultivated there, though it is but very rarely, and in very {mall quantities. It thrives beft in a free foil, and warm fituation; and would grow very well in many parts of that ifland, was it regularly cultivated. ZESCHINOMENE 1, Procumbens, foliolis pinnatis mimulis, ramulis tenuif- mis. fE{chinomene caule bifpido, foliolis. acuminatis, leguminum articulis fub- orbiculatis. L. Sp. Pl. Hedyfarum caule birjuto, mimofe foliis, &c. Slo, Cat. 74. Hedyfarum annuum, minus Zeylonicum. Bur, Thez. Zey. The flender fenfitive LE: [chinomene. This plant is very common in many places, on the fouth-fide of the ifland; efpe- cially about O/d-barbour, and near Mr. Elletfon’s, in the lower hills of Liguanea. It is a delicate flender plant, and grows rarely above two feet and a half, or three feet, in height ; but it feldom ftands upright, | ZOOPHTHALMUM 1. Siliguis majoribus birtis tranfverfe fulcatis, pedun- : culis communibus tenuibus longiffimis flexilibu/que appenfis. Phafeolus Braflianus frutefcens, &c. Pk. t. 213. f.2. | Phafeolus Indicus lobis villofis prurituin excitantibus, Muf. & Thez. Zey. The Ox-eye Bean. Periantium — Monopbyllum, tubulato-campanulatum, bilabiatum: labium fu- rius rectum, obtufum © leniter crenatum: inferius majus, tridentatum. Cotolla — Leguminofa: vexillum maximum, rectum, cordatum, ad apicem le- niter crenatum, ceteris fruétificationis partibus incumbens : ale oblonga, ad ungues aurite, Cj caring adnate : carina oblonga compre[fa; petalis rectis, fuperne liberis, ad ungues adnatis, Stamina. Filamenta decem diadelplia : fuperius antherd depref/d donatum; inferiora vero antheris oblongis, predita funt. Tus Pifllum. Suffentaculum nullum, germen oblongum ; ftylus longus; ftigma . ebtufum fimplex. Pericarpium. | Siliqua major, fubcompref[a, hirta & tranfverfe fulcata, ad utrumque marginem crafja, feminibus paucis referta. Semina Orbiculata fubcomprelJa, putamine duriffimo teta, & fafcid tri- colori variegaté, per totam fere marginem duétd, notata. This plant is very common in the inland parts of Yamaica, and climbs to the top of the talleft trees in the wood, throwing down its long flender bye 2 é ; 206 T H E.NAT URAL HIST OR Y ftalks to a moderate diftance from the ale of the upper ribs, from whence they ge- nerally rife: thefe are not above the thicknefs of a common packthread, but feldom under four or five feet in length, and bear the flowers in clufters at their extremities, The plant carries three leavés on every common foot-ftalk, like the Phafoli; and, like moft of that clafs, raifes itfelf by a flender winding ftem. I have feen the feeds of another fpecies of this fort, in Mr. Baker's. curious col- lecion: he had it from the Eazff- Indies, CYTISUS r. Fruticofus, erectus, ramofus, trips foliis Jfübeiereis ob- longis; vexillo variegato; filiquá vamprefJf, ad femina torofa. Cytifus racemis axillaribus. erectis, foliolis Jublanceolatis tomentofis..: Li. Sp. Pl. P Cytifus folio molli incano filiquis orobi, &c. ."Vhez. Zey. t s Laburnum baprilius, filigua inter grana, € grand cer dio Cat. 1 39: Pigeon or Angola Peas: _ pal This fhrub i$ frequently ‘cultivated by the negroes; becaufe it isa cherie vand does not require fo much care, It grows commonly to the height of four. or five fect, and bears a great many pods. The feeds are much ufed among the poorer fort of tum and reckoned a hearty wholefome pulfe. CYTISUS? 2. We pL erectus & villofus ; foliis primis. pimatis Spicis da | | ferum terminalibus. Surinam Poifon, or the fmaller fhrubby Cyz jus. ~ Periantium. Cyathiforme quin a al laciniis Jüperioritus fetiaribus : G minus profunde divifi md Corolla Leguminofa , vexillum majus, erechiwpattie’ ale ioie. curio longiores: carina femilunata, elongata & leniter compreffa. . Stamina. Diadelpbia regularia. Piftillum. Germen oblongum; ftylus fubulatus villofus: Sigina acutum, Pericarpium. Siliqua longa fubteres cylindracea, fominibus plurimis referta. This plant bas been introduced to Sfamaica from the main, and is now cul- tivated in many parts of the ifland, on account of its intoxicating qualities, It is a fpreading fhrubby plant, and rifes generally to the height of five or fix feet. _ The leaves and branches of this plant, being well pounded, and thrown into any river, pond, or creek, are obferved to infect the waters very foon; by which all the fih are immediately ingoxicated, and rife and float upon the fütface, as if they were dead; from whence they are eafily taken, But moft of the large ones that are left, recover from this trance, after a fhort time; tho’ the greateft part of the finall fry ay on thofe occafions, cat re OMETHI A 1. Foliis pinnatis ovatis, racemis terminalibus, fi RHONE SMS quadrialatis. ` "Estes à folii s pinnatis, leguminibus membranaceis jefagands,: L. Sp. Pl hafeolo affinis arbor Indica Coral dicta polyphyllos, Pk, t. DNE fes TW. E r po. $ TER vy caen Slo. Cat, 143. & H. t, Mm m Mai ns T . Stamina, i i i OFF AM A TSO" A, 297 Stamina. Filamenta decem diadelphia regularia. Pifillum. Su/fentaculum breve; germen compreffum oblongum; ftylus brevis; ftigma oblongum reflexum, Pericarpium. Legumen oblongum quadrialatum. Semina Pauca oblonga. This tree is a native of Jamaica, and grows chiefly in the low lands, where it generally rifes to the height of twenty or thirty feet; fometimes more. It flowers about the month of May or "fune, and throws out all its blofloms before the ap- pearance of the foliage; but the leaves fucceed pretty foon, and are regularly difpo- fed on common ribs upon the fmaller branches. The bark of the root of this tree is ufed for the fame purpofes, and with the fame effects, as the leaves and branches of Surinam poifon, already defcribed: it is pounded, and mixed with the water in fome deep and convenient part of the river, or creek, &c, from whence it may fpread itfelf more diffufively around; and in a few minutes after it is well mingled, you'll fee the fifh, that lay hitherto hid under the neighbouring rocks, or banks, rifing to the furface, where they float as if they were dead ; in which fituation they con- tinue for a confiderable time: but moft of the large ones that are left, recover after atime; while the fmaller fry are all deftroyed, and float upon the furface, for fome days after. The eel is the only fi(h I have obferved, that could not be intoxicated with the common dofes of this bark, tho’ it affects it very fenfibly ; for the moment the particles fpread where it lies, it moves off, and (wims with great agility thro’ the water: I have fometimes feen them chafed to and fro, in this manner, for fome minutes, without being any ways altered. The tree is generally confidered as one of the beft timber-trees in the ifland. The wood is very hard, and refinous; and lats almoft equally in or out of water. It is of a light brown colour, coarfe, crofs-grained, and heavy. e ICHTHYOMETHIA 2. Foliis oblongo-ovatis, pinnatis; filiquis comprefis oblongis, The Mountain Dog-wood. This tree is fo like the foregoing, both in appearance and ímell, as well as in the grain and texture of its wood; that a man can hardly diftinguith the one from the other, until he obferves the fruit; which, in this, is quite comprefied and plain. It grows to a very confiderable fize; and the wood (which is rather darker than that of the otber fort, and equally as good,) may be had almoft to any di- menfions. GLYCINE 1. Scandens, foliolis pinnatis, fpicis nodofis axillaribus. Glicine foliis pinnatis conjugatis, pinnis ovatis oblongts obtufis. L. Sp. Pl. Phafeolus arboreus alatus & volubilis major, &c. Pk, t. 214. f. s. Phafeolus glycyrrbizites folio alato, &c. Slo. Cat. 7o. & H. t. 112. f. 4. The Wild Liquorice, or Red-Bead Vine. This weakly climbing plant is very common among the bufhes, in all the low lands of Jamaica. The infufion of the leaves, and tops, is much ufed in all our fugar-colonies; and obferved to open both the body and the fkin, very mildly: it helps expectoration ; relieves all loads of the breaft, proceeding from temporary colds; and is frequently ufed asa diluent in fevers; and the more generally liked, as the tafte is fomewhat fweeti(h, but does not leave any clamminefs upon the palate. feeds are of a very beautiful fcarlet colour, with a black {pot on one fide, They are of a very deleterious nature, and cannot be taken inwardly Njtbont at danger ; though, if fwallowed whole, they commonly pafs entire, and are feldom attended - . With many of thof violent fymptoms that follow when taken in powder; hae. 4H kic 2098. THE NATURAL HISTORY always works both upwards and. downwards, with. the greateft violence ;; the op¢- ration being attended with anxiety and convulfive fpafms. Herman fays, that three or four feeds is a mortal dofe; but that he has made an extract from the roots, no ways inferior to that obtained from the roots of liquorice. See Muf. Zey, pag. 16. GLYCINE 2. Syluefre fcandens, foliis pinnato-ternatis, foribus Spicatis ; Siliquis bifpermibus medio coaréatis. The climbing trifoliated Red-Bead Vine. _ I have never feen but one plant of this fort; it grows wild, a little below the De- coy, in St. Mary’s; climbs to a confiderable height, and bears a good many flowers towards the top. GLYCINE 3. Ardboreum, foliis oblongis, feminibus majoribus, The Red-Bead Tree. I have feen this tree pretty often in Mountférat, where it grows naturally. It rifes by a moderate trunk, and fpreads a good deal towards the top. ‘The feeds are pretty large, and well marked with a proportioned black fpot, like thofe of the two other fpecies. CLITORIA r. Major fcandens, foliis fubrotundo-ovatis, floribus geminatis, l, Clitoria foliis ternatis; calicibus campanulatis, geminatis. L, Sp. The larger climbing CZzor;z. 'CLITORIA 2. Minor Jcandens, foliis fubvillofis oblongo-ovatis, Api? gen... : "natis, Clitoria Joli ternatis, L. H.C. The fmaller Citoria, with downy ie Both thefe fpecies are natives of famaica; but the firft fort is very rare: I found -it near Mr. Whiteborn’s, in St. Ann's, where it grew very loxuriantly, The other fpecies is pretty common in all the hills and lower lands of the ifland, GALACTIA 1. Foliis ovatis glabris Pe NRA Spicis elongatis termi- |. Balbus. "Tab. 32. Phafeolus minor Jaéfeftens, &c. Slo. Cat & H. t. 114. The Galaétia, with fmooth leaves, and long reddifh flowers. | ferus AES exterius diphyllum, minimum, deciduum; interius breve, cow oos ampanulatum, quadridentatum, lacinid fupremá G infimé UY e O TONS. Corolli Legüminofa, pentapetala; petalis omnibus longis, anguflis: vex- illum re&um, ceteris latius, incumbens. enn Filamenta decem diadelphia regularia : anthere ovate. llam. | Germen tenue; ftylus re&us fubulatus; fügma acutum. | pium, Siliqua bnga tenuis, feminibus plurimis fübrotundis, referta. . This plant grows chiefly i in the lower hills; and is eafily diftinguithed by its lon; reddith flowers, milky branches, and fmooth leaves. It i is a WE KE log raifes itfelf by ps help of the neighbouring buíhes, to the hogh of Cte. or nine feet, the ufual limits ofi Ld Y ? te a H owin, — oy a TRIFOLIUM r ‘Proc "nS, er ij s ciliatis aero ; s; Aii Jiculis. Ee. ipis. H : A S | Anonis O WE if!) A: AMATA Ay HT. egg Anonis mon fpinofa minor glabra procumbens, &c.. Slo. Cat, 5: & H. t. 119; An, Trifolium procumbens Zey. &c. + Burm., Phez: Zey, t,.106. ; The fmall creeping Trefoil, with ciliated leaves, This fmall plant is not uncommon in the low lands of Liguanea 2 it is'à creeper, and feldom runs above feven or eight inches in length. The leaves are fmall, beautifully nerved, ciliated, and fhining; and the pods, which íeldom exceed two lines in length, never contain above one feed, TRIFOLIUM 2. Suberecfum & fubbirfutum ; filiculis minoribus, fi pi ie: a Pe i fi tit te: vill; y fimilis, Anonis, &c. Slo, Ci it, x; 5: > H. 1 he finall ddéay qM Trefoi. at This plant is rather more common than the foregoing: it grows in the low tnd, and rifes generally to the height of twelve or fourteen inches. Both forts are kind pafture herbs. TRIFOLIUM 3. Repens, folis maculatis, floribus conglobatis, pedunculis longis axillaribus. Trifolium /picis ovalibus, calicibus inflatis, &c. L., Sp. Pl. & H.C, The common field Trefoil, or Clover-grafs. This plant was introduced to ‘Yamaica fome years ago, and planted at Captain - Sfones's, in the mountains va New Liguanea ; where it now gon aid > luxuriantly without any fort of care. ECASTAPHYLLUM | 1. Frutefcens, reclinatum ; fliis jig acuminatis, ina tegris, alternis. Tab. 32 1. Ti The fhrubby Ecaftaply Jum, with fingle ie Perian Breve campa uinguedentatuin ; laciniis fu erioribui : E i: iS, qv iir profunde d vts. Td ` Corolla Yi oet vesillunr obcordatum ‘reflectens ; ale oblonga, Loni tudine fere vexilh, unguibus ii poles carina fub- T compreffa, cocbleata, ad apicem bi Stamina. Filamenta decem, in “duos Jafcicules fora equales adnata; ; afciculis ad latera germinis fitis. Piftillum. Dee oe oblongum : germen oblongum compreffum ; ftylus brevis fimplex : fügma fimplex fubacutum. Pericarpium. Si/igua lata compreffa, feminibus c Banane com- preffis, referta. This fhrubby plant is not uncommon in the low lands about King/lon: it grows chiefly in. fwampy places, and runs generally to the length. of feven or eight feet, in an oblique direction from the root. When the plant is young, the more ten- der leaves are befet with down ; but this falls off as they grow more hardy, and in time, they appear geite, fmooth: they are always fingle i in this plant. BRYA T- lores, ereta, Spin i. Ls B 3 foliolis confertis, foribus T ier 3 ed A fpalathus ferui Ta pfeudo-ebenus, &c. Slo. Cat. 140, & H. t. 7 oP Sideroxylum alterum. L. H. C. & Jpinofum. Sp. — ` Jamaica Ebony. Periantium 300 THE NATURAL HiISTONMY Periantium — Monopbyllum, campanulatum, profundé quinquedentatum. Corolla Leguminofa: vexillum cordatum, reflexum;, ale oblonga, longitu- dine fere vexilli, unguibus tenuibus parieti calici adnate: ca- rina oblonga ; petalis, ad apicem & bafim, Jejunctis. Stamina. Filamenta novem vel decem, diadelpbia, regularia. Piftillum. Germen oblongum, comprefJum, ad alterum marginem rectum, ad alterum, in duos lobos profundè crenatum; ftylus fubulatus, flamiuibus longior; fügma acutum. Pericarpium, Siliqua latiufcula compreffa bivalvis, in duos lobos mono- fpermes fübrotundos ad alterum marginem profunde cre- nata. This fhrubby tree is common in all the lower hills and Savazzas of "famaica; and grows generally to the height of fourteen or fifteen feet: but the ftalk feldom exceeds three or four inches in diameter. It is a fine timber-wood, has a fmooth even grain, and takes a fine polifh; but the fmall dimenfions of its trunk render it fit only for few purpofes. The flender branches of this (hrub, are very tough and flexile: they are, for this reafon, frequently ufed for riding-fwitches; and gene- rally kept at all the wharfs about King/lon, to ícourge the refractory flaves. LOTUS? 1, Ereétus ; foliis lanceolatis, pinnato-ternatis, ad apices denticula- tis; floribus denfe fpicatis, terminalibus. Surinam Grals. This plant was lately introduced to Jamaica, from fome of the Dutch fettle- ments, and cultivated in the mountains back of Bull-day, where it thrives well. I have not feen it in feed; but the characters of the flower agree very well with thofe of the Lotus, as they are laid down by Linneus, HEDYSARUM 1. Iriphyllum minus, tenue & ramofum foliis ovatis glabris, ; quandoque maculatis; filiquis compreffs, varié cone tortis. The flender reclining French Honcy-fuckle. HEDYSARUM 2. Triphyllum minus, foliolis obtufis, filiquis retis fubcom- prefis articulatis. The fmalleft herbateohs French Honey-fuckle, with ftraight pods. Both thefe fpecies are very fmall, and frequent among the grafs, in all the Sa- vannas about King/fon and Spanifh Town: the latter feldom rifes above eight or nine inches; but the other grows fometimes to the height of two feet, or better; and is generally found ftretching among the lower grafs, unlefs fupported by fome neigh- bouring plant or fhrub, | HEDYSARUM 3. Gracillimum repens, caule birto trigono, foliis pinnato- ternatis fetuld terminatis. : The weakly French Honey-fuckle, with a triangular ftem. 1 found this little plant in one of the Pinguin fences, near Old-barbour; where it generally ps e ded Ee feet, or better. It is a weakly plant, and requires a tupport. Tts rough and flender ftem diftinguithes i i sil e other {pee = nguifhes it very fufficiently from HEDYSARUM 4. Mini mun triphyllum, foliolis linearibus. The fmalleft French Honey-fuckle, with very narrow leaves. 2 ! I found * OF C HT AK M ATA IC A. 30% I found this uncommon little plant on Co 5 hill: it never rifes above fcven or eight inches in height. HEDYSARUM ;z. Triphyllum majus a Sas foliis venofis ovatis, fpicis terż minalibus & alaribu Hedyfarum trifoliatum fpicatum, foliis oblige glabris. Thez. Zey. t. $3. The larger creeping French Honey-fuckle. HEDYSARUM. 6. Iriphyllum majus repens fcapis axillaribus, affurgentibus, : inferne nudis, fuperne [picatts. T Kes ärger creeping 7 French Honey-fückle, with naked flower-ftems. .: Both thefe creeping plants are very like each other, and generally obíerved to run many feet from the main roots: but they commonly caft a few radical fibres from all the joints that touch the ground, which greatly forwards their luxuriant growth, The leaves are > marked with fome prominent veins on the under-fide, and feldom un- der an inch and a half in length. Both the fpecies are pretty common in the more fhady hills of 5fama:ca. PERICA 7. Triphyllum, maximum, fcandens; caule trigono, hirtis P al unctnatis munito; ficis amplis. terminalibus: i aA The large climbing French Honey-fuckle. i “This plant i is pretty frequent in Jamaica, and a native of the mountains: it isa climber, and raifes itfelf generally to the top of the talleft trees in the wood,, The ftem is triangular, and every where befet with {mall hooked briftles, or rough hairs. The leaves are oval, and much like thofe of the Kidney-bean tbe and all the branches terminate in fo many large and beautiful ^ uio The plant is moft common about Hope-river. Had 8. Loni rates ps erettum t i fein — a ate! cix T, Seip erefhim; REO ‘slo. Cat; 73. & H. t. n6 The larger erect Fy och Honey- fuckle. "This plant is: pretty frequent in the more remote hills, and inland patts of the ifland :^it'growse erect, and rifes generally to the height of two feet and a half, or better. The leaves are moderately large ; and the ///pule, that fhoot about their infertions, ppupdih ana broad. i GITE ^ HEDYSARUM 9. Tipo, birfutwm, n minis, AV racemis tcn birz Satis PAE - die ji: _.. The Hare fs French Honey-luckict n^ A Aiaia T foórid this rare and curious fpecies of the Hedyfarum, a little beyond Guy's bill, in the road between Srxfeen-mile-«va]t, and St. Mary's. It grows in tufts, and saitit LA feldom rifes above fixteen or feventeen inches from thi root. c i + me .HEDYSARUM - 10. | Herbaceum, prociembens:; Joliis geminatiss pitis folio. latis, terminalibus, | 1, A H is Hed yfarum foliis binatis petiolatis, floralibus feffilibus. L, Sp. Pl. Hedyfarum bifolium, foliolis ovatis, filiquis afperis, Thez. Zey. t. seri f! Onobrichis tiber diphylls, &c. Pk, PY d t 102. TÉ f: 41 & Am Jo" 4 I $2 THE NATA R AL |HIS T^O R Y "The fmaller French Honey-fückle, with coupled leaves; = This plant is very common in all the Savannas about Old-barbour, and many other parts of the ifland:. it feldom. rifes above fixteen or feyenteen inches in beiobti is furnifhed with leaves, difpofed. by eagles, on common foot-ftalks; and bears its numerous yellow flowers, on foliated fpikes, at the extremities of the, branches. HEDYSARUM rr. Pentaphyllum minus, reclinatum. ‘The {maller péntaphyllous. French Honey-fuckle.: i CP I have met with this curious fpecies near the barracks, in the road thro’ the mountains of We//moreland : it is a weakly reclining plant, piden grows above fixteen or eighteen inches in length. It is generally found in beds. INDIGOFERA 1. Decompofita, diffufa, minor & 1 nmnitior y Pass Sihi Indigofera Jeguminibus arcuatis incanis, rácemis folio brevioribus, L. Sp: PE . Indigofera L. H. C. € anil five Indigo Titii Morif. & Caachira. Pil. 198. Colutea Indica bumilis ex qua Indigo, folio viridi. Mut, & Thiz y. Spine affinis fruticofa foribus fpicatis, &c. Slo. Cat. TE ADS bs Y | S The dndigo Plante sora ay em This phis Is not fo nen nor does ‘it eive fo: éobd a pulp as the following fpe- cies: but it yields, u.:great. deal more of the dye than cither of them ; and is, for that reafon, generally preferr d, though fubject to a great many more Kikin ces. The plant feldom rifes Above XWo feet atid a half, iii bird and Hiec to di- n, rather than ‘to branch in its Akoh Has hoes Seni duet yo pale 2 GE picis axillar dias OS indie Pu © This plant 3s: much. hardier than the foregoing, and affords a finer pulp? but it does not yield fo great a quantity of it; and:is only cultivated where the feafons are not fo certain; or in mit fields.» It grows commonly.to the height. of three’ or four feet, and throws out.a. AES many fub-erect branches as it rifes. ady OINDIGOFERA E Aem pim "áp i riis Lr orbs n frat XNBIGOER ERA, £p Affurgens, Jubvillofa C? prep ramulis crafforibus ; ai j eiat arcuatis, biel ix ore Dat a ZUM "usc 28065 JOTI X6 "Ihe wild Indigo, — t gv Is EI This lat fpecies is very common in Jamaica, and grows cine in all the ena where, doubtlefs, it had been. cultivated i in former times: for there, we often meet 2 Ss ira e d na ye, AR reet is extracted Tom i jh pv the belt; of a fine TF ay caft, and a clofe. dpt ; retty freq: ea refrefhed Es moifture. JAll the differentforts are now propagated i in every Sart of America, where Indigo i is made; and e cultiva- ted and manufactured in the following manner, Viz, 3 Having firft chofen a pr | of ground, and cleared , ‘fuch. a part of it | as you purpofe for the immediate culture of this vegetable; you. may begin to "plant in any feafon of the year: but the land muft be firft howed into little trenches, not above two inches, or two its and a half, in depth; nor more | than - | TT TCU O F TA MAY E €. A. 303 than fourteen or fifteen inches afunder: the feeds are ftrewed pretty thick: in. the bottom of thefe, and immediately covered from the adjoining banks; where the mould of the trenches was laid. But, as the plants fhoot, the field thould be frequently weeded; and kept conftantly clean, until they rife and fpread fufficiently to covet the ground. Tho’ this be the moft regular method of raifing thefe plants, thofe that cultivate great quantities of them, are feldom fo formal in the difpofition of their fields; and only ftrew the feeds pretty thick, in little (hallow pits, howed up irregularly; but generally difpofed within four, five, or fix inches of one another ; covering them again from the banks, as we obferved in the other method, "The plants, failed in this manper, are obferved to anfwer as well, or rather better than the others; but they require more care and attention in the weeding: the diftances mutt be, however, varied, ac- cording to the fort you cultivated; thefe being the moft commonly ufed for the firft fpecies... The, plants grow.to full perfection in two or three months; and are generally obferved to anfwer beft, when cut in full bloffom. — Your feeds being thus fowed, your next care muft Fe to fee that the works be ready, and in good order; well cemented, terraffed, and feafoned. Thefe confift of three or five fquare cilterns, or vatts, made gradually {maller : and fo fituated on the fide of fome rifing ground, as to have the plain at the top of the fecond and third upon.a line with the, bottom of the firft, or a little lower; and the plain at the top of the fourth and fifth, upon a line with, or lower than, the bottom of the fecond and third. The firft, which is the largeft and called the fteeper; is generally made about eight or ten feet fquare, by four deep; and opens into the fecond, or fe- ‘cond and third, by one or two round holes, made clofe to the bottom’; fo as to dif- charge all the tincture readily +. thefe generally run through a log of fome hard tim- ber, placed for-that purpofe, in the wall; which: is fometimes bored with two or three holes, placed one over the other, or triangularly; to difcharge the liquor with the greater fpced, The fecond, or fecond-and third vatts, called the beaters, are inade of different dimenfions; according to the method intended to be ufed in beat- ing or working of the tincture: for if you have but one ciftern, and intend to work up the liquor with hand-buckets ; it fhould be eight or.ten feet {quare, and fix, or fix and a half deep: but if you have two cifterns, and intend to beat your tinc- ture with an engine; they fhould be fo deep as to hold all the liquor a good way below the main, or horizontal axis, into which the buckets are fixed ; and the walls, in thofe cifterns, fhould be nearly as high over the rollers, as the ciftern is deep below them; to keep the tincture from being wafted. After the liquor is well beat in thefe cifterps, it 1s left to fettle; and when the pulp 1s depofited, the clear in- cumbent fluid is drawn off by a convenient vent, placed fome inches above the bot- tom of each ciftern; and the remaining magma difcharged into the fourth and fifth cifleras, by convenient outlets, placed clofe to the bottom; like thofe in the firft. Thefe laft cifterns are but {mall; they are, however, generally made {quare, and pro- portioned to the quantity of pulp fuch works commonly produce at a time. .. -< The beft engine 1 have feen for beating of Indigo, was built in the following form, viz. In the intermediate {pace between the two beaters or main cifterns, and in the middle of a line drawn through the center of both, you raife a main column; which is fixt fo as to move with a point, or pivot, lodged upon a ground- fil, at the bottom; and fecured with a convenient frame at the top ; where it alfo moves by a pivot, in a beam, or timber that runs from tbe upper part of the wall of one - of the beaters, to the oppofite wall of the other. This column is fupplied, below the center, with a’ pair of arms, by which it is turned round; and, over this, it is . alfo furnifhed with a wheel, well fupplied with coges, fixed fo as to rife in a perpen- dicular direction to the plane of the wheel: thefe, as the main column turns round, work either or both the horizontal rollers, into which the buckets are fixed; and which are fo contrived, at the ends adjoining to the main column, as to be wedged higher or lower, at pleafure; fo that one, or both, may work as need requires. ees 2 a rollers on, THE NATURKr HISTORY rollers run horizontally thro’ the middle of the beaters, or main cifterns; and, be= ing lodged upon pivots in the further walls, pafs thro’ two holes in the nearer, and move again by pins, in a frame dropped (from the upper beam, or timber, that lies between the walls) parallel to the main column; being each fupplied with a fett of coggs, to work in thofe of the main wheel: and, at proper diftances, within the beaters, they are alfo furnifhed with three or four crofs arms, to the ends of which are fixed twice fo many pyramidal and truncated veflels, open at both ends; to run thro’ and agitate the liquor the better. Each of thefe is of a moderate fize; and, if bottomed, would hold between two and three quarts. POLUM : The whole frame is moved witb great eafe and celerity, by one horfe; for whofe courfe, fufficient room is always left between the beaters, in the building of the works; which occafions them to project beyond the angles of the fteeper. With this machine you may beat more liquor, in half or three quarters of an hour, than fix negroes can do in fix: fo that it fully anfwers the expence and labour; and fre- quently brings a weakly and imperfe& tinGture, to grain, which could be hardly done without infinite labour, otherways. Your works now ready-and fit for ufe, you begin to manufa&ure your Indigo in the following manner, wz, ^ ^ 7 The plants are cut with rape-hooks, a few inches above the root: they are then tied in loads; carried to the works; and: laid by ftrata. in the fteeper. | When this is pretty full, the weed is overlaid with boards, and thefe fapported by: props, from the beams that overlay the ciftern: ‘thefe being well fettled, you put in as much water as will cover the weed, and leave it toidigelt, and'ferment, until the greateft part of the pulp is extracted; without letting the tender tops of the weed run to putrefaction, which would fpoil the wholes On» this ‘critical jun&ure chiefly depends both the quantity and quality of your Indigo yand inthe management of this point alone, the judgment of the planter chiefly confifts: he muft be there fore very cautious and watchful to know it perfectly ; for if he draws off the water but two hours too foon, he lofes the greateft part of the pulp; and if the fermenta-- tion runs but two hours too long, the whole is fpoiled. To avoid’ both inconveni- ences, you muft, when the fermentation riles, frequently draw out a handful of the weed; and when you find the tops grow very tender, and pale; and obferve the ftronger leaves to change their colour to a lefs lively pale ; you may be fure you are tben at the proper point, and ought to draw off the liquor without delay. But you foon learn to know this critical jun&ure, by the height of the fermentation, and grain of the tincture; of which you may frequently beat a little in a filver cup, or a foop-plate, for that purpofe; tho’ the other is, by far, the beft and fureft way, until a perfon is well experienced in the courfe of the operation. — t The pulp being thus extracted, the vents are opened, and the tincture difcharged by the proper taps, into the beaters; where it is agitated and worked up by two or three negroes, each with a bucket fixed to the end of a pole, (or by a proper engine,) . who continue this labour, until the dye begins to granulate, or float in little fio- cule in the water; which feparation is greatly forwarded by a gradual addition of fome clear lime water. But a perfon muft cautioufly diftinguifh the different ftages of this part of the operation alfo; and carefully examine the appearance and colour of the flocule, as the work advances: for the grain paffes gradually from a greeni(h to a fine blue, which is the proper colour of the flocula, when the liquor is fufficiently . worked; too fmall a degree of agitation leaving the grain green and coarfe, while too vigorous an a&ion brings it to be almoft black. But the different ftages may be eafily diftinguifhed on examining a fmall quantity of the liquor in a filver cup, from time to time, as the procefs advances; and a little experience will foon learn you to know them as well by a fingle drop upon your nail; fo that you may ftop at any degree of height, and have your Indigo of a deep copperifh blue, or of a paler colour, as you chufe: and when the liquor, in which the floculz fwim, is quite clear, you may be fatisfed there is lime-water enough ;; but this muft be very clean, for otherways your Indigo will be very much fpeckled ; and not in too great a quan- tity, which would make it too hard, and of a greyith caft. 'The 4 O F E.A WMULAL OE CAAT H 305 The liquor being now well beat, and the pulp granulated; it is left undifturbed until tlie flocule fettle at the bottom: then the incumbent water is difcharged by a tap, fixed for that purpofe, a few inches above the floor of the ciftern; and the magma, ór mud, let out by a lower vent into its proper receptacles. ‘This is again, by fome, put into a cauldron, and heated over a gentle fire, but not fo far as to boil; and then emptied into little ozenbrick bags to drain: by others it is not heated, but immediately put into the like bags to drain; and when fafficiently cured that way, it is, by all, put into little fquare boxes, whofe fides muft not be above four inches deep; that it may dry the fooner, and without crumbling, which it is otherways apt to do. Good Indigo fhould be of a fine copperifh blue colour, deep, and fhining, with a fmooth grain; it fhould break eafily, fwim in water, and burn very freely, leaving’ fome fine white cinders behind. ' The faults in Indigo generally arife, 1. From too long a putrefaction; and then it is of a dirty caft, and looks like black mould, or mud. 2. From too little beating; and then it is of a coarfe grain and green colour. 3, From too much beating, which always gives it a black colour. 4. From over-heating, which makes the grain very coarfe; but the colour is feldom vitiated by this. 5. From a mixture of {ome par- ticles of the lime, or too great a quantity of the water; wbich renders it grey and hard. | The quantity of the pulp falls fometimes below expectation, 1, For want of pro- per feafons; whereby the growth of the plants is flunted, 2. For want of a fufli- cient degree of fermentation; for then the ftronger leaves. do ftill retain a confider- able part of the dye. 3, For want of a due granulation ; which oftens happens, where lime-water is not ufed: the men{truum, in fuch cafes, never fettles well, and depofites but an inconfiderable part of the fubftance, This valuable commodity is the only ingredient known to dye a fine blue: but the culture of the plant has been wholly neglected among the Engli/h, for many years; though no part of the world affords a better foil, or more commodious fitua- tions for that purpofe, than Jamaica. The people, however, now begin to plant it, both there and in South Carolina; and it is not doubted but the fuccefs will an- {wer their expectations, It is principally ufed in dyes and paintings. IN. B. Seventeen negroes are fufficient to manage twenty acres of Indigo, through- out the year; and do other work, at times. And one acre of rich land, well planted, will, with good feafons and proper management, yield five hundred pounds of Indigo in twelve months: for the plant rafoons, and gives four or five crops a year; but muft be replanted afterwards. One negroe’s load of good plants, will produce one pound of good Indigo, 4K ( CLASS 3066 THEANATURAB HIS TORY Qi dia): uS oo Sv aE, Of the Polyadelphia; or Vegetables that have their Filaments joined into three or more bundles at the bafe. | Qa Ree Geet T Of Juch as have but five Filaments zz every Flower. HEOBROMA 1. Foliis oblongo-cordatis, ferratis, ab altero latere majori- us; fructu minori fcabro. Theobroma foliis ferratis, L. Sp. Pl. & H.C. Guazuma. Plum. t. 18, —Alni fru&u mori folia arbor, Gc. Slo. Cat. 13 5. Baftard Cedar. This tree is a native of famaica; and peculiar to the low lands, where it'often _ forms a very agreeable fhade for the cattle: and frequently fupplies them with food in dry weather, when all the herbage of the fields is burned up, or exhaufted ; moft forts being obferved to feed very greedily both upon the fruit and foliage of the tree, The feeds are very mucilaginous, but, otherways, agreeable to the palate. The wood is light, and fo eafily wrought, that it is generally ufed by our coach and chaife makers in all the fide-pieces, The flowers grow in clufters at the ale of the leaves. rere THEOBROMA 2. Fruétu ovato-acuminato, fubverrucofo, decem fulcis longi- tudinalibus fubarato. Cachaos. Mart. 569. ' The Chocolate Tree, with long pods. THEOBROMA 3. Fruétu fubrotundo, fubverrucofo, decem fulcis fubarato. Theobroma foliis integerrimis. L. Sp. Pl. & H. C. Cacao, Ger. Ema. Oc, Slo. Cat. 134. & H. t. 160. Cacao. Catefb. App. t. 6. & Chacolata. Bontii, pag. 198. 'The Chocolate Tree, with round pods. Both fpecies of the Cacao, or Chocolate tree, are pretty frequent in Yamaica; and often found wild in the woods, where doubtlefs they had been cultivated in the time of the Spaniards: but they are feldom planted there in regular walks, as they are on the main; where hurricanes are neither fo frequent, nor fo deftru&ive, The trees are very delicate, and rarely furvive when once they are loofened in the ground (a); which is generally the cafe, when they are not well fhaded, in hurri- cane times: for the ground is then quite foft and yielding for the fpace of many feet under the furface; and the force of the wind, often fuch, as to break or bend the moft robuft trees. The Spaniards, to prevent fuch inconveniences, ufed to in- termix many of the Coral Bean trees (4) (from whence they have been fince, gene- (a) The root cankers generally on thofe occafions, and decays moft commonly afterwards: but I query, whether many of them would not recover, had they been pulled up, and pruned both at top and bottom, when they begin to weather; and then tranfplanted ? (5) The Erythrina, rally GOL BIB A MAA T CMA: 307 rally called Mader di Cacao) in their walks; which helped greatly to break the force of the wind, and thereby generally preferved their Cacao trees. I have, however, feen numbers (c) of them thrive well, without any fhelter of this kind ; and bear the force of many ftorms without damage: but, probably, they were protected while young, and yet too tender to bear any extraordinary fhocks; for I generally obferved them to be planted in a good deep mould, and a warm, well covered fituation. Thefe trees grow naturally to a moderate fize; and feldom exceed fix or feven inches in diameter, or rife above fifteen or fixteen feet in height, They are very beautiful, and, in general, extremely engaging to the fight, when charged with fruit ; which grows from all parts of the trunk, and larger branches, indifcriminately. When the feeds are loofe, and rattle in the pods, they are picked off, opened, and the kernels picked out and expofed daily to the fun, until they are thoroughly cured, and fit for the flore, or market. "T hefe feeds are remarkably nourifhing, and agreeable to moft people ; which oc- cafions them to be now commonly kept in moft houfes in America, as a neceflàry part of the provifions of the family: they are generally ground or pounded very fine, at leifure hours; and made into pafte, to be thé more in readinefs upon occafion. It is naturally pretty much charged with oil; but mixes very well with either milk or water, the ufual vehicles with which it is prepared for immediate ufe, It is much efteemed in all the fouthern colonies of Amzrica ; and well known to make up the principal part of the nourifhment of moft of the old people in thofe parts, as well as of a great'number of ews. ^; ‘The plant is propagated by the feed; but requires a great deal of care to raife it with fuccefs. It is generally planted and cultivated in the following manner, wz. You take a full grown pod, that has lain by fome days; and cut off the top at the point- ed extremity, fo that the feeds may be fully expofed toview: you then bury it two thirds, or deeper, in mould, in fome moift and fhady place. Ina few days the feeds begin to germinate; and then they ought to be taken out, one by one, and ttanfplanted in proper beds: but the mould, to which they are transferred, fhould be rich," well divided, and free; moiít, properly fhaded, and difpofed at proper di- ftances; fo as to leave convenient room for the roots and branches of the trees to fpread in. In each of thefe beds you plant one or two feeds, with the root part downwards, fcarcely covering them at the top; you then moiíten the mould gently about them, and cover the bed with fome large leaves, to protect the young budding plants from the more active rays of the fun; which may be {till guarded. by fome little ambient bulwark, to ward off fuch accidents as may happen from heavy rains, or blowing windy weather. They feldom require to be watered after the firft day ; but, if this fhould become neceflary, it muft be done with great tendernefs; and is beft managed, by laying a piece of wet cloth, or fome watered weeds, gently round the young plant; which, fhould be left there until the earth foaks a fufficient quantity of the moifture, But great care muft be taken not to break off the feed-leaves of the plant, on thofe occafions; for thefe are only the tender divided lobes of the kernel, and the lofs of them would wholly prevent its further growth. The plantain-walks afford the moft natural and agreeable fhade for thofe plants, while young; but, as they rife, they fhould be fupplied with a more fubftantial guard, to protect them from the inclemencies of the weather; which ought to be continued until they grow to full perfection, and muft be removed with caution even then. (c) There is a fmall open walk at Dr. Tu/h’s, in Mountferat, which has ftood for many years, SEC T: ee THEz^wNA'TUERAL HISTORY BÉ Bu. os | Of fuch as have from eight to twenty Filaments in every Flower. ITRUS 1. Fruétu fpherico-ovato, punctato, levi, minori, acido. ^ "Malus Aurantia fructu limonis pufillo, &c. Slo. Cat. 211. & H. The Lime Tree. This bufhy fhrub is very common in Jamaica, where it is often raifed for the fake of its fruit; and not unfrequently planted for fences. When it grows luxuri- antly, it is feldom under twelve or fourteen feet in height, and {preads greatly about the top; but it is often ftunted, and of a fmaller ftature. The bark and fibres of the root, are excellent ftrengthening aperitives; and found frequently effec- tual in obftinate febrile cafes, as well as in weakneffes and obftructions of the vifcera. The leaves are generally ufed in difcutient baths; and the juice of the _ fruit, as a principal ingredient in punch: the moft appropriated and agreeable liquor that can be ufed in any country, where the juices are overheated and in a ferment; as they generally are in moft people, in thofe colonies. - * 2539 CITRUS 2. Fruciu fpberico-ovato, punctato, infipido; fuperficie inequak. The fweet Lime or Lemon Tree. This tree grows much like the foregoing; but it rifesgenerally more upright, and bears a fruit which in fize, as well as form, feems to hold a mean between the Lime and the Lemon. The juice is very infipid; but the bark and fibres of the root have a great deal of that bitter fo peculiar to the Lime tree. I have feen fome of thee at Dr. Brady’s, in S£. Ann s, TOM NN Pa CITRUS 4. Fru&u ovato acido, fuperficie imequali, - Citrus petziolis linearibus. L.Sp. Pl. - ut Limo arbor, ejufque fructus limo, Cord, &c. Slo. Cat. 209. | The Lemon Tree. CITRUS 4. Fructu majori acido ovato, fuperficie inequali. | The Sz. Helena Lemon Tree. This tree was but lately introduced to ¥amaica: but it is now cultivated by mot — people, on account of its large fruit; one of which frequently yields above half a... | pint of juice, | — | : AE NAN CITRUS 5. Fructu fpharico, punttato, croceo, acido; cortice interiori Jpongiofos petiolis alatis, : _ Malus Aurantia vulgaris major, &c. Slo. Cat. 210. & H. The four or Seville Orange Tree. Thefe two laít fpecies grow more bulky and upright than any of the foregoing; and the juice of their fruits, which is far more mild than that of lime, is generally: moft efteemed among the natives and old ftandards, whofe juices begin to chill: they are, however, differently received by different people, each praifing moft, what agrees beft with his own palate. The juice of the laft fort isthe leaft ufed in Fa- maica, tho’ more mild than any of the reft; but the rind is much efteemed. in bit- ters, and ftomachic wines, m | | A yj | CITRUS > - apum nM QUE 7. XM A UC A, 309 CITRUS 6. Fructu oblongo majori, cortice craffo carnofo, fuperficie inequali veficulato. Citrus arbor & malus Citrea Cord. &c. Slo, Cat. 208. & H. The Citron Tree. The rind of the fruit of this tree is very thick and fucculent, and makes a fine fwectmeat. It is fometimes fteeped in fpirits; and to them, when diftilled, it gives both an agreeable flavour, and its name. CITRUS 7. Fructu fpberico, punttato, croceo, dulci ; petiolis alatis. Citrus petiolis alatis. lL. Sp. Pl. . Malus Aurantia Szzez/is, &c. Slo: Cat. 211. Aurantium, quz malus Aurantia regia dulcis, &c. Thez. Zey. The China Orange Tree. This tree is very common in mott parts of Jamaica; and the fruit much efteem- ed by all forts of people. It is always in flower, or bearing fruit, in thofe parts of the world, CITRUS 8. Fruttu fpherico-obovato, maximo; cortice equali, veficulato, pal- | lidè luteo. “he: Malus Aurantia fructu rotundo maximo, &c. Slo. Cat. & H. t. 12. Aurantium, que malus Aurantia Indica, frutiu omnium maximo, T. Zey. | The Shaddock Tree. | 3 j CITRUS 9. Fruétu fpherico-ovato minori, cortice equali veficulato pallidé luteo, petiolis alatis. The Forbidden Fruit, or fmaller Shaddock Tree, Thefe two laft fpecies grow to a more confiderable fize than any of the others, and are now. cultivated in moft parts of the country ; particularly on the fouth fide, ` where they are obferved to thrive beft. The fruit of both fpecies is agreeable to moft palates, and of a pleafant grateful flavour; but the laft excels in fweetnefs, while the other partakes a little of the bitter, which recommends it to moft ople. j ; n feeds of all the fpecies have a bitterifh, but pleafant tafte; and doubtlefs would make very good emulfions, which may be ufed with great fuccefs, when the ftomach is weak or languid, and cannot bear the ftronger bitters: nor is it im- probable but they may prove an excellent mixture with milk, in confumptive cafes. They are very fuccefsfully adminiftered in dry belly-aches and convulfive fpafms; and one of the moft effectual medicines that can be ufed to reftore weakly limbs to their former vigour: but it fhould be continued for a confiderable time ; aided by regularity, and other affiftants; and ufed before the parts are emaciated, Obf. I do not apprehend that any of thofe, except the fecond, fifth, and ninth, _can be confidered as variations; for they generally retain the fame appear- ances and fpecific characters, even in the wild ftate. SB uos uL Of fuch as have a great number of Filaments in every Flower. marginatis; foliis linearibus, fefilibus, bafi biglandulis. — ae 1, Fruticofum minus, fupra-decompofitum; ramulis gracilibus 4L Aícyrum sro | THE NATUR AL: HAG TORY Aícyrum foliis ovatis, caule compreffo.. L Sp. PL Hipericoides. Plum. t. 7. The fhrubby Mum with flender edged branches. Flores fingulares fant & terminales. Periantium Qyadriphyllum, foliis: exterioribus ovatis, mayor ib ui, op- pofitis, petala floris fulcientibus : interioribus minis vix er fpicuis. Corolla Tetrapetala ; petalis fere equalibus, ovatis, ere&o-patentibus, ad utrumque latus vergentibus, Stamina, Filamenta numerofa tenuta ereta petals breviora ; anthere globofe. Piftillum. Germen oblongo-ovatum, leniter comprefjum, | longitudine fere aminum; ftylus nullus; ftigmata bina fimplicia. Pericarpium. Capfula ovato-acuminata unilocularis bivalvis, feminibus plu- rimis utrique lateri affixis referta. "This elegant little (hrubby plant is common in the cooler mountains of Nez Li- guanea. lt is very full of leaves and branches, and feldom rifes above thrée féet'in height: but the filaments of the flower do not feem to be joined at the bottom. S are anos ain amie qb d pf the Syzgenefia; or Vegetables that have the evtherz, or tops of the filaments ‘connected: together, and formed into a cylindric tube round the upper part of the /7y/e5 the filaments themfelves being feparate. Bo M ou felt de Of Juch as have all the Flowers hermaphrodite and fertile, . [. ACTUCA 1. Foliis rotundatis, caule Corymbofo. L. Sp. Pl. The common Garden Lettice. This plant was formerly introduced to Yamaica; and is fince cultivated, with ood fuccefs, in all the cooler mountains of the ifland; where the air is et fem and damp, and the foil rich and well fhaded. CICHORIUM J pie radicalibus, fimbriatis, oblongis 5 caule affurgenti ra- e nudo; ramulis Sort} eris. Bc ` Cichorium caule implich foliis integris crenatis. L. Sp. Pl. & H.C. Succory. | This plant is alfo cultivated in Jamaica, and thrives very well in all the cooler mountains; but the tafte being fomewhat bitter, it is hardly ever ufed. At, is a wholefome fallet, and proves an agreeable green when boiled. LEONTODON 1, Filiis radicalibus, oblongis, obovatis, fubtus "amigo ofis incanis ; {capo fimplici nudo monofforo. Mn, — SENE Cu ee ee ee c c d do gue uti. c OF ry A ata PG X 3n An, Leontodon caljce inferne reflexo: L. Sp. Pl? : 7 Dens Leonis, Joio fubtus incano, flore purpureo, &c. Slo. Cat. 123. & H. t. 150. f. 2. The white-leafed ere& She with an, alae ftalk, This plant grows in moft of our fagar-colonies, and is generally found in moift {hady places; but thrives beft in a cool gravelly foil. It is reckoned an excellent diuretic, and is ufed as fuch by many people, iù thofe parts of the world. SONCHUS 1. Foliis ciliatis obtufis, varie & proftinde finuatis. Sunchus pedunculis tomentofis, calycibus glabris. L. Sp. Pl, TONER Sane ha 8 This is a native in moft of the fugar-colonies ; and grows wild in every fallow field. lt is an excellent ingredient in “all cooling, diuretic and aperitive apozems : but it is fcldom ufed for that purpofe in America, tho’ generally gathered for E meat in all the colonies, ! HIERACIUM - I. Evettom hirfitum majus, fili oblongis Fea df etl > floribus Jubfirici? comofis. Memes Eine € &c.' Slo. Cat; 125. - The large hairy, Hawk-weed,. This plat is ydg common in the all lower mountains, and rifes generally to the height of three feet, or better. The leaves are long, and appear as if torn at the márgin. The common flower-cups are moderately a and dif- pofed pretty thick: at the top ofthe plant, frot whence its little Branches chiefly rife; for it throws out but dex few from the body of the ftem. HIERACIUM 2. mi minimum fasce folii anguftis, capitulis pau- ib i cioribus. Hieracium minimum, Jongis integris G anguflis NUR &c. Slo. Cat. 125. The flender « ere& Hawk-weed, with narrow leaves. This little plant. is pe frequent in all parts of Fanitica, but moft common in the road between Spanifh Town and Sixteen-mile-walk. lt grows iud in cool fhady places, and feldom rifes more than feven or eight inches i inheight A "Y LAPSANA 1, Erella ; foliis majoribus, hiis dentatis ; ramulis Pemadi bus, “jubmuidis, affurgentibus. "The branchy eret Nipple-wort, with very thin REE This plant grows pretty frequent in the gravelly banks of moft of the rivulets in the mountains, and {hoots often to the height of three feet, or better. It rifes ge- nerally by a flender ftalk, divided into a great number of delicate, {preading, fabdivided branches, towards the top... The leaves are nearly of the figure of a heart, with a large open finus at the bafe; the middle of which Boc a good way back, to throw out their flender lengthened foot-ftalks. ELEPHANTOPUS 1. Ereétus. kirjutus y foliis inferioribus evatit; radio ` fproductis, es AC "ipi ; eed bou Elephantopus Foliis oblong Jeabris, | Li Sp. P The di . TR DA NA TSR BAL Ts DORY The fmaller erect Ekphantopus, with the flowers difpofed at the ale of the upper leaves. This plant is common in moft parts of "famaica : it grows chiefly in open gravelly lands; and rifes generally to the height of fifteen or twenty inches, fometimes more. The common receptacles of the flowers rife fingly from the ale of the upper leaves, and feem difpofed in the form of a fpike; but we feldom find more than four bloffoms ineach of them. The feeds are, each, crowned with four little briftles, or fetz. ELEPHANTOPUS. 2. Eretuss foliis oblongo-ovatis rugofis atque ferratis, floralibus cordiformibus ternatis ; capitulis remotis terminalibus. Elephantopus foliis integris ferratis. L, H.C, Scabiofa Javana, Bontii. Scabiofe affinis anomala filvatica, &c. Slo. Cat. 127. & H. t. 156. The upright EZphantopus, with large flower-heads. This plant is not fo common as the foregoing, tho’ frequent enough, in many places, on the north fide of the ifland, It rifes generally from half a foot, to three „or four, in height; and is generally adorned with a great number of flowers, ga- thered into pretty large heads, at the extremities of the branches. The feeds are of an oblong form, and crowned, each, with five little briftles.. The common foot- ftalks are very long, and terminate the branches; but, at the feparations of them, you may always obferve a {maller head growing to the ftem, without any füpporter. This plant is a good vulnerary ; and much ufed in confumptive cafes, among the natives of Java, in the Eaf-Indies. The leaves are frequently. ufed, inftead of . Carduus Benedictus, among the inhabitants of the French illands. TRIXIS x. Frutefcens, foliis nitidis ovatis dentatifque, floribus comofis. Tab. Se eee | The fhrubby Trixis. Periantium Duplex: exterius quadrzpbyllum erecium majus, calycem com- munem involvens; interius e fguamis oto circiter, lances- latis, erectis, fubjinuatis, in cylindrum agglutinatis, conflatum. Corollule Uniformes, «quales, hermaphrodite: propria monopetala tu- bulata, in tres lacinias profunde fecta; exterior ligulata pa- ` tens tridentata; interiores agglutinate, exteriori oppo/ite, anguftiores, revolute. =a - Stamina. Filamenta quinque : antherz in cylihdrum adnate. ` Piftillum. Germen oblongum; ftylus erectus bifidus; ftigmata tenuia, Semina Oblonga pappo capillari coronata : receptaculum nudum. This little fhrub is very common in the Savannas about King/fon, and feldom rifes above four or five feet in height. The common receptacles are difpofed at the extremities of the branches; and the outward divifions of the flowers grow gradually fmaller, and curl more downwards as they approach the center; which . gives the whole fomething of the appearance of a radiated flower, at the firft ap- pearance. STRUCHIUM 1. Herbaceum fubaffurgens, foliis oblongo-ovatis utrinque pro- nan ER — duttis, capitulis confiipatis ad alas, “Tab, 34. f. 2. An, Cadelari. H.M. p. 10. 155. The herbaceous Struchium, with oblong leaves. See Tab, 34.. fig. 2. Peri- iir rri i itm a jOwP id A Mondo G.A 413 Periantium Commune campanulatum, imbricatum s fguamis tnequalibus, angufiis, acuminatis, erecto-patentibus ; proprium tubula- | tum, breve, ereitum, quadrierenatum, germini incidens. Corollule,. Subequales, monopetale, infundibulifor mes, hermaphrodite; mar _ginales trifide, centrales quadripartita, Stamina, Li/amenta breviffima e tubo corolle orta; anthere latiufcule, ob- longe, adnate, k ] Piftillum, Germen oblongum, angulatum, calyce proprio coronatum y ftylus bifidus corollá longior; ftigmata oblonga revoluta. Receptaculum Lumidum punétatum nudum. Ifound this plant at the Ferry” itgrows pretty luxuriantly by the river-fide, and rifes, generally, to the height of two'feet and a half, or better. The leaves are difpofed in an alternate order, oblong, and entire ; and the flower-bunches intet- fperfed with a few fmaller ones, that rife between the common cups, as they ftand compacted together atthe alz of the leaves. hs EUPATORIUM 1. Ereétum birfutum, foliis oblongis rugofis; floribus fpica = : tis, per ramos terminales declinantes uno verfu dif- ! | pofitis : | ^ . Coniza fruticofa, fore palide purpureo, &c. Slo, Cat. 124. — “This plant grows chiefly in the low lands, and tifes commonly to the height of thice feet and a half, or better, The leaves are, difpofed in an. alternate order, rough. and oblong... The branches bend, generally forwards, and bear their flowers in loofe fpikes, along their extremities; Where they are difpofed in a gradual fuccef- fion on the upper fides only. : | EUPATORIUM 2. Odoratum bir[utum ; foliis ovato-acuminatis, bafim verfus | crenatis, oppofitis; floribus como/is. Eupatoria Conizoides, folio molli, &c. Pk. t 177. f. 3. EE E I Or ER DU arisa CRM .. This weakly. fhrobby. plant. is. very frequent, in. the. lower hills of "famaica ; and generally obferved to grow among the other buíhes, where it frequently cafts its long, flender, flexile, and oppofite branches to a moderate diftance. ‘The flowers are fometimes impregnated with.a {mell perfectly like that of the European Meadow- {weet ; but this is not obferved in every plant of the fame fpecies, nor conítant even in the fame blofífoms. — — - nt in GN TETTI branches. | xs dif This fhrubby plant is common in moft of the mountains of Jamaica; and rifes generally to the height of feven or eight feet. The leaves and branches are op- pofite; and the flowers difpofed pretty thick at the extremities of the branches, CNICUS 1. Caule diffisfo, filiis gentate-Rmictis. L. Sp. PI. & HC DOR S s | ea Carduus Benedictus: - ^: ai ae The Carduus, and Carduus Benedictus of the fhops. ` | My oe This 4p THEN A TURAL HISTORY This plant was introduced to ‘famatca fome years ago; and has been fince culti- vated, with great fuccefs, at Mr. Joness, in the mountains of New Liguanea; where it feeds as. well as in moft parts.of Europe. It makes a fine ftomachic infu- fion; and may be ufed with fucceís, in all weakneffes of the vifcera, and over-abundant difcharges of bile. CYNARA 1. Incana, folis Jpinofis omnibus pinnatifidis, calycinis fquamis ovatis, L. Sp. Pl, The Cardoon, or Spanifb-Chardon. This plant was lately introduced to Jamaica by Mr. Wallen; and is now raifed in many of the gardens, both in the low lands and the mountains. CYNARA 2. Foliis fubfpinofis pinnatis indivififque; calycinis fquamis ovatis, L. Sp. PI. | The Artichoke. This plant, though a native of Europe, grows very luxuriantly in the cooler ` mountains of Liguanea, where it is now cultivated with fome fuccefs It is propagated by flips, or fuckers; taken from the old roots; but, to make it bear a luxuriant top, great care fhould be taken to pull off moft of the younger fhoots early in the fpring; leaving only two of the ftraighteft and moft pro- mifing of the under plants, to each, for a crop: thefe, however, fhould be well and clofely moulded, and put as far afunder as they will conveniently bear; obferving tocrop off the tops of all the leaves that hang downwards. Mr. Miller (who is the author of this method of preparing them for a crop) fays, that in forming a new plantation of artichokes, the ground fhould be well fupplied with decayed dung ; and tells us that care fhould be taken to choofe fuch plants as may be- found leaft woody, cleareft and foundeft, with fome fibres at their bottoms. He alfo advifes, to cut off the woody part that joins them to the ftalk, as well as the larger outfide leaves. The plants thus prepared, (if the weather be dry) fhould be placed upright in a tub of water, for three or four hours before they are planted ; which, he obferves, refrefhes them greatly. | The plant thrives beft in a moift rich foil. The bottom of the leaves, as well as tlie receptacle of the feeds and flowers, is flefhy, and delicate eating. CARTHAMUS 1. Foliis Jefilibus, denticulatis, oblongis, obtufiss caule af- urgenti, fummitatem verfus ramofo. Carthamus foliis ovatis integris aculeatis. L.H,C, Baftard Saffron. - This plant was introduced to famaica by the Spani/h Jews, who {till call it by the name of Saffron, It is cultivated in moft of the gardens about K7z7//z; and the foorets are frequently ufed in broths and ragoo's by moft people there; efpecially the Jews. DALEA ; 1. Fruticofa; foliis oppofitis, oblongis, anguflis, fubferratis, utrin- | que productis , racemis terminalibus, Tab.34, fig-t. The fhrubby Daka. Periantium Commune conicum, imbricatum anguftum. Corollule, In fingulo periantio, tres vel quatuor, tubulofee, hermaphrodite, equales, | 1 Semina OUP fh AIM SAUTI QUÀ: TE Semina |. Cozico-cordata, pappo ramofo coronata; Receptaculum Minimum nudum. This fhrub is frequent in the lower hills of Liguanea; and rifes frequently to thé height of nine or ten feet, or better: it has a moderate thick lignous ftem; and throws out its branches in a pretty open pofition. SANTOLINA? 1. Affurgens major, fére fimplex; foliis amplioribus, | varie & profunde finuatis; petiolis marginatis €9 au- ritis; floribus corymbofis. The annual Sanzolina, with large lobed leaves. Periantium Cyathiforme ; fquamis plurimis equalibus eretto-patentibus. Corollule —ZEquales: propria monopetala, tubulata, quinquecrenata, fo- litaria, paleis oblongis membranaceis diffin&la. Semina Solitaria, oblongo-obcordata, fubcompreffa, binis alis aucta, & binis enticulis coronata. Receptaculum — Paleaceum. This luxuriant plant is common in moft parts of the ifland, and rifes frequently to the height of feven or eight feet. It is an annual; but frequently throws up new branches from the ftalk of the laft year. The leaves grow very large, and divided into deep roundifh lobes, SANTOLINA 2, Ereé#ta fubbirfuta; foliis ferratis, haftatis, vel fimplicitus utrinque porrectis, floribus comofis. The Halbert-weed. Periantium Commune campanulatum, imbricatum: {quame plurime, cochlea rate, tranflucide, oblonge ; interiores longiores. Corollule | Uniformes | bermapbrodite ; propria tubulata profunde quin- —" quepartita, &c. Semina Solitaria, obverfà conica, pappo [ctaceo coronata. | Receptaculum Paleaceum, paleis fquamis calycinis Similibus, femina am- plexantibus. pe This plant rifes generally to the height of four or five feet. It is an excellent bitter, and much ufed in America; where a fpirituous infufion of the tops is generally kept at moft plantations, which is often adminiftered as an active warm ftomachic. SANTOLINA? 3. Subbirfuta ; foliis ovato-acuminatis, oppofitis; capitulis ax- illaribus, pedunculatis ternatis fingulari feffili affociatis. The larger downy Santolina. This plant is found chiefly in the woods and inland parts of the ifland, and grows generally to the height of fix or feven feet, or better. It is furnifhed with. large hairy leaves, of an oval form. (eR SANTOLINA? 4. Erecía; foliis linearibus oppofitis, quandoque ternatis ; flo- ribus remotis terminatricibus. xt i Coipatlis, Heth, 36, (os ear esses Ee | The {mall ere& Santolina, with narrow leaves. Semina Nuda folitaria, obverfé cuneiformia, paleis, fquamis calycinis fi- milibus, tecfa, © LI This ae TH RANA T,UR!IAL,HIS TORY This plant grows in the lower mountains of Liguanea; and rifes gener ally to the height of two feet and ahalf, or better. The upper branches are nobel and flen- der, and bear all the flowers at their extremities. TANACETUM 1. Herbaceum, erectum; foliis cordatis, crenatis, of pofitis s capitulis paucioribus, remotis, terminalibus, Chryfanthemum /j/vaticum repens, &c. Slo, Cat. 126. & kl. tss, The {mall herbaceous Tanfey, with round crenated leaves, Periantium | Polyphyllum y foliolis oblongis anguflis equalibus, Corolla Compofita equalis; propria tubulata hermaphrodita, Semina Oblonga & leniter falcata, ad apices latiora. Receptaculum Nudum punctatum. This little plant is found chiefly in the moft cool and fhady Code of the ifland ; and generally rifes from {even to nine inches in height. TANACETUM 2. Foliis pinnatis; pinnis pinnati en cif 55 laciniis ferratis, -Tanacetum folits bipinnatis incifis ferratis. L. H. C Tanacetum. Off. Tanfey. This plant is cultivated, and thrives well in many parts of Jamarica ; efpecially in the cooler mountains, ` It is an excellent bitter, and an active, warm, nervous medi- cine; which is much ufed to promote the lochia and menfes. The leaves and eflential oil are kept in moft apothecary's fhops. : CHRXECCOMA 1. Ereéta ; ; foliis inferioribus anguflis Jerratis, Superioribus lanceolatis. : The narrow-leafed Gigi This plant is very common in the low lands, and rifes generally to the height of three feet, or better. The leaves are very numerous on all parts of the plant: they are long and narrow, and of a dirty green colour. CHRYSOCOMA : ? 2, Arborea, ramofifima ; ramulis teretibus, quadrato- fubmarginatis ; foliolis paie minimis E Tab. 34. f. 4. | The Mountain Broom Tree. "phis is a native of Yemaica; and there found only in the coldeft parts of the mountains. The flowers are compofite; the //oré£s even, tubular, and hermaphro- dite; the cup imbricated; the feeds crowned with a beard; and the receptacle naked. It refembles our European Broom, and is the only tree, of the fame ‘appearance, I have obferved in that country. The leaves are very fimall, andbut few on any part of the plant. | KLEINIA? 1. Scandens; foliis triangularibus, angulis acutis. "Tab. 54. f. 3: Clematis novum genus, Cucumerinis foliis, &c. Pk. t, 162,5. — The climbing Kleinia, with triangular leaves, . Periantium sora cylindraceum ; Jquamis paucis, qe quinque vel Jex fcilicet, anguftis erectis qualibus. . Corollulz |i co Gbulate je Semina O d FETA MUA FTOR 317 Semina Ob/onga, a ect firiata, A tenuibus, €? quafi barbatis coronata. Receptaculum — Nuda This plant is frequent about Se Thomas's in the Eafl, and Mañgeneel: it is a climber, and ftretches a great way among the neighbouring bufhes, ‘The leaves are of a triangular figure, with very fharp-corners, KLEINIA? 2. Caule molli fi ucculentoy foliis amplioribus ovatis atque denticu- latis, utringue porreétis ; petiolis appendiculatis. The foft fucculent K/eizia. Periantium Commune /zzfex, cylindraceum, connivens; e [quamis paucioribus ET (fex fcilicet, feptem, vel otto) inferne craffioribus, conflatum. Corolla Unzformis: propria hermaphrodita tubulata, ftylo longiori bifido in- ruta, Semina Cini pappo EE coronata. Receptaculum Nudu I found this plant in the RR hills of Portland, near Port Antonio: it grows commonly about three feet in height. AMELLUS 1. Ramofus, foliis ovatis dentatis, Paring remotis terminalibus, ulcris longis divaricatis. . Eupatoriophalacron, uci aquatica -faliis oppofitis. Thez. Zey. Pag t. 42. An, Cerato-cephalus ballotes dA Achmella diclus, &c. Thez. Zey. 53. The long-fhanked Amellus. Periantium... Commune imbricatum, campanulato-patens; fquamis fere equalibus. Corolla. Ægualis;i propria tubulata, pcan ore quinquedentata. Semina Oblonga angulata folitaria. Receptaculum -Paleis numerofis infiruchum. —— This plant is very common about Bu//-day river, and in all the back hills of the parifh of Port- Royal. It rifes generally to the height of two or Jess ui and car- ries its flowers at the extremities of its lengthened branches. —. MVC NWU P aos SERM T RP ne. ee — BIDENS - I. Hifutus, eb vordéri- dentatis, petiolis brexibus, foribus ad fum- mitatem confertis, The hairy Bidens. This plant grows chiefly in the dryeft and moft open parts of the mountains: it is full of down, and of a dark green colour; but feldom rifes above two feet in height, BIDENS 2. Suffruticofus, vimineus; foliis oblongo-ovatis, oppofitis ; foribus co- mofis. The weakly fhrubby Bidens. This plant is frequent in the hills above Bul/-bay. It is a weakly branched fhrub, and rifes generally to the height of five or fix feet, or better; but "qu the fupport of the neighbouring bufhes to keep it upright. aed eor eer er CT. 4318. THE NATURMXAL| HISTORY S E C T. IL Of Juch as have all the central Flowers hermaphrodite and fruitful; and zone but female fruitful flowers in the margin. NAPHALIUM `r. Ereétum, fpicatum, fimplex, villofum © incanum; foliis (5 longis, anguftis, feffilibus © femtamplexantibus. An, Gnaphalium caule p fimo, floribus coloratis. 1. Flo. Lap. 302. The narrow-leafed undivided Cud-weed. This plant is a native of the coldeft mountains of Liguanea ; and grows gene- rally in the moft open places, but feldom rifes above fix or nine inches; in height. The flowers are yellowifh, and difpofed pretty thick about. the top of the ftalk, Which puts on the appearance of a fhorter fpike. ERT EMIRA I. Foliis compofitis, multi dud qnin pels $ T -~ receptaculo pappofa. ` | ee This ptas was firft introduced to Jamaica from Europe, and is fince cultivated in moft parts of the ifland ; but thrives beft in the mountains, where it is often obferved to grow as loxuriantly as in moft provinces-of Europe, lt yields an active lixivial falt, an cil, and a conferve, which are commonly kept in the fhops; and is a principal ingredient in a compound water, to which it gives its name, It is a wholefome bitter, and much ufed as a ftomachic, in vinous and other infufions. CONYZA 1. Odrota. minor erecta, purpurafes taf, foliis ovatis, Conyza major EEIN &c.- Slo. Cat? 124. & H. t1 52. f. 1. The {weet-fcented Elea bane.. The fmell of this plant is agreeable to moft péople: it is frequent in all low marfhy lands, and feldom rifes above fixteen or twenty. inches ih height. ^ The ftalk is generally pretty fimple below the middle; but, as it rifes, it throws out a good many branches, which reach nearly to an equal height, and carry their flowers in a fhady fpreading form at the top. It is kept by fome people analy their cloaths, and is faid to preferve them from moths, and othe vermin, | CONYZA 2. Anguflifolia fubincana, caule lato, Spica multiplici; div: -inferioribus ternatis, mediis binatis; fi Ju perioribus pugularibus, The narrow-leafed Flea-bane, with an edged ftalk. Obf. Semina Subbirfuta, pappo capillari coronata. I found this plant on the fouth fide of Mount Diable: it is pretty hairy, and rifes generally to the height of two feet and a half, or better; The flower-branches are very long and flender, and difpofed in the Yorn of fpikes at the top, WREN: YZA 3. Fruteftens affurgens, foliis ovatis denticulatis oppofitis. ` ‘The fhrubby Flea-bane, with denticulated oval leaves. - This plant grows pretty TID in the woods above St. Anit s ult: ; and rifes gene- vel to the height of fix or SED CONYZA? " emo dol Q Fi ay AAMs & aC A; 319 CONYZA? 4. Foliis lanceolatis, amplexantibus, oppofitis; caule alato; flori- bus purpurafcentibus comofís. The purple Flea-bane, with an edged ftalk. This plant is a native of the low lands, and {eldom rifes above two or three fect in height. 'Theleaves are narrow, and without footftalks; the ftem nes in feveral places ; and the flowers difpofed i in a fhady form at the top. VERBESINA 1. Foliis oblongo-ovatis, fubdentatis, recurrentibus; floribus remotis terminalibus. Verbefina foliis alternis decurrentibus undulatis obtufis, L, Sp. Pl. & H.C. Chryfanthemum shes &c. Slo. © Chryfanthemum Americanum, Pk, t. 84. f..3. The larger tufted Verbefina, with edged ftalks. This plant is pretty common on the north fide of the ifland, and remarkable for the edgings of its ftalk. The feeds are of an oval form, compreffed, and terminated, each, with a fingle fubulated tail, VERBESINA 2. Foliis inferioribus fimplicibus oppofitis, jbl ibus pinnato- ternatis. The larger upright Verbefina. ~ _ This plant i is a native of the coldeft mountains of Liguanea, and rifes generally to the height of three or four feet... The leaves are of an oval form, and intire. VERBESINA 3. Eretta birfuta, foliis fubfefilibus ovatis oppofitis, floribus confertis alaribus. The erect Verbefina, with fimple oppofite leaves. This plant is common every where in the low lands: it feldom branches, or divides in its giis ; and rifes generally from eighteen to twenty-four inches in height. TAGETES I. Cot fubdivifo diffu if fh. fai hig dedit vel nh eghes caule fees difufo. L. "The French Fries This flowering plant. is cultivated in moft gardens in n "Yamaica ; and thrives well in all parts of the country. TAGETES? 2. Minor, caule fubdivifo diffufo, foliis linearibus integris. Hieracium fraticofum, anguftiffimis gramineis foliis. Slo. Cat, 123. & H. ; t. 149. D = | The fmaller diffufe French Marygold. _TAGETES? 3. Caule ereco, ad fummitatem ramofo; ser ydus leniter crendtis. T he larger ere& French Marygold. In both thefe laft fpecies, the common cups are made up of five, fix, or feven narrow ope ícales, joined together into a cylindric tube ; which contains fo many female . ligulated florets, difpofed, very orderly, round the margin; and a few hermaphro- lites in the center. The firft is fpreading and flender ; it grows much about the Savan- zas, and jeldom rifes above eighteen or twenty inches in height: the other is andi 4 upright, 320 TH E. NAITU RAL HIS T.OR Y uptight, and rifes, S i M QUE above three feet in height. Both forts grow J pof of the fug gar- -tolonies. dad | 4 eo t M. “soLtDACT? 1 I. pitt ofa, incana ; ip ovatts, “oppofitis: oath qiie ja $55] nudo, oc aR tito ; floribus Jubumbellatis. eh id Grabin: Thez. Zey? Scabiofæ affinis Anomàla, fylvatica, &c. Slo, Cat, 127. & H. t4 o Eh downy Wound-worth; vxath large oval leaves. | Involucrum Univerfale guadriphyllum.) Calix communis: imbricatus; fqua- mis angulis lanceolatis, interioribus longioribus. .. $^ Corollute ZEqualei : hermaphrodite pauciores, tubulare, in difco: femineze CS plures ligulate angufie bifida, in radio. RUE QN] Hermaphroditis quingue z antherg z 7 Tübum, coalita, ` cert ks CPittllum, Omnibus, germen obverf? conitum ; Hyh us 2 ipd fligtmata ge- mina, longa, revoluta. q E Omnibus obver/è conica, Poppo ^ ost coronata," .. Receptaculum. Setace à "E a3 Dapit x^ iere 3i I HAH na EFE M ` A This beautiful and incon plant js is-a native. pe ehe, eles Bets sed moun- tains of Famaica. dt fhould. be. à fine vulnerary ; forthe tafte is acerby-and leaves a fweetnefs upon the palate, that is not common in the plants of this clafs. The, leaves are pretty large, and grow chiefly about the bottom of the ftalk the upper pàrt be- ing commonly naked, and generally divided into three branches; ; each of w which is kem fubdivided into many-fmall flower-branches at the Pr: The whole plant fel- dom tifesabove tivo fet and a half in height. a5 ogian ous asisas f a! stor? rcf Mm cton iio 5 NS "ÉENECIÓ Y. omen! ais foliis oblongo-ovatis, Jevifiri ie, Ner Pehl brevibus. "The downy. Indian Groundfel. - NTHEMIS. L me € arvenfis ; ; fuliols fuperioribus, fridentatis, on ferioriz lac ; natis : — ee VOY, ie dita terminalibus rüpio Jongioribus. L. p. Pl. & H. mre Nro fenis paluftre repens, e “Slo. Cat. 126. & H. t 153: cud | _ The {mall creepin ius ait "This little fant i e Reet aa 5 all the Sad. PELA ame rifes above "three à PR sd jw height. The flowers ar Mm tinus pretty long. foot falke, ; ope NS, CANON : be exiis of the bra ches. 3871 | spur IAEMUM | Q Tuis oblongis, Hevi Jins nR aga i55 "riba SX TAN GH AGIION QU 20 geminatis vel ternatis, ad alas, etd tenuto- — | Lge d pee longioribus incidentibus. — omg fid vare pose feider seyal gb of n. OEC ilis b d AP ^k "sig id E oe SPRO Bl bid? i221 P3 p E Ee ionog s: 10:3 ; rere enit E bre 1510917 hire, bre the fea-fide Ox-eyer2 sm ALB ait bsiasbid — — oe ae Oa n CT es er MAC. vera er -— TUAE : toss ce 3 o t x E. DITET A MINTEA $24 The firft of thofe plants is pretty frequent in all the low marfhy lands about Kingfton; and in every ditch where the rain-water fettles for any time. The other grows only near the fea-fide; and is moft common in the pariíb of Sf. James: It grows in a bufhy tufted form, and feldom rifes above two or three feet in height. BUPHTHALMUM 3. Hirfutum, foliis oblongis fubferratis obtufis, floribus minoribus, pedunculis geminatis alaribus. The larger hairy Ox-eye, with oblong leaves. Periantium Commune fimplex, res Jquamis lanceolatis, paucioribus, (feptem inter & duodecim) qualibus; aliis interioribus, - aliis majus externe fitis. Flos radiatus. Corollule Numerofe hermaphrodite in difco; feminine ligulate non pauce in radio. Piftillum. Germen compreffum oblongum; ftylus fimplex; ftigmata duo ob- £ufiufcula. Semina, Ef bermapbroditis C2. femininis, oblonga rugofa leniter compreffa ca- liculis propriis coronata. Receptaculum Planum fetis rugofis deciduis inffructum. BUPHTHALMUM 4. Hirfutum; foliis trilobis, ad bafim anguftioribus, op- i | pofitis ; floribus folitarits alaribus, — The larger creeping Ox-eye. Both thefe laft fpecies are natives of Jamaica, and frequent in all low marfhy lands: they are weakly plants, and creep a good way among the other vegetables; but are, both, more luxuriant and upright towards the top. Oo d o ee kel Of fuch as have hermaphrodite and fertile flowers in tbe center, and frerile or abortive flowers in the circumference. OREOPSIS 1. Virofa, foliis inferioribus bipinnatis, fuperioribus plurifariam | drvifis. : ke4 The virous Coreopfis, with a various foliage. : COREOPSIS 2. Major ramofa; foliis lanceolatis, ferratis, quinato-pinnatis, quandoque Jublobatis, inequalibus. The larger branched Coreopfs, with narrow ferrated leaves. COREOPSIS 3. Scandens; foliis ferratis, ternato-pinnatis ; receptaculo nudo, Coreopfis foliis fubternatis cuneatis ferratis. L. Sp. Pl. The climbing Coreop/ss. I found the firft of thefe plants at Mr. Read’s, in Mangioneel,where it generally grows to the height of three or four feet. The fecond is more common, and found in moft of the ditches about Kimg/fon, where the waters fettle in the rainy feafons. The third is a native of the hills, and a climber; but the florets of the margin are all neuter, and rife immediately from the bottom of the inward fcales, The feeds are bidented in all the fpecies. eC 40 “SECT. 4322 THE NATURAL. ‘HAT ETOR Y S EC T. IV. Of Such as have all hermaphrodite, but ferite flowers i in P center 5 aud female, but fertile flowers in the circumference. ALENDULA 1, Vulgaris, foliis angufis feffilibus, capitulis. fingularibus ter- minalibus. Calendula feminibus radii cymbifor mibus, echinatis; difci bicornibus. L. Sp. Pl. | Marygold. This plant is cultivated, with great fuccefs,. in the mountains jof Liguamea; and thrives fo well in thofe parts, that i it is daily fold with the other pot-herbs, in the markets. Be ee page e Of fach. as have only fingle flowers in all the beds\.or.crmpalerients s; and . they generally 7 more various both: in the number and difpofition of their E A aiit OBELIA 1. “Foliis Tanceolatis. dentatis; pedunculis dresifr mis, lateralibus tubo floris tenui, longiffimo. 'L, Sp | o Rapids aquaticus, Polis cichoret, fore albo. o: Cat. 58. & H. t To I, The {mall Lobelia, with four-inch illod cf E usn is freque nt in Famaica, and g grows generally i in moift, cool, and T places : but it feldom rifes above fourteen or fixteen inches in height. dt is very remarkable for the length of its fingle white flowers, which have no more than five filaments each, and thefe joined to the tube almon to the top. The Signa, or extremity of the Ayle, is always obtufe and hollow. LOBELIA 2. Foliis oblongis, anguflis, leniter È acute ferratis; caule fi impli, inferne foltolato, fuperne in fpicam longam definentt c c y~n Lobelia caule erecto, foliis lanceolatis ferratis, Jpica terminali. L. Sp. PL: i Rapunculus fo/to oblongo ferrato, &c. Slo, Cat. 58. & H. t. 9 5. The fimple upright Lobelia. LOBELIA 3. Majer brachiata, affurgens ; falis oblongo-ovatis, dentiedhatii, bafi v seca ME aie id : Spits termina- j OR 1 us. > ~ The large branched Lobelia. Both thefe plants are natives of Jamaica. The former grows generally i in the lower fhady hills, and feldom rifes above three feet in height: but the other is found chiefly in east, mountains, where it fhoots IRR to the height of five or fix ket EE ONPATIENS i 1 TN CDM vifi: L "8E # & I ien The Capuchine, - ‘or Balfamine. | This plant : was introduced to Jamaica many years ago, and has been is culti- vated i in moft of the gardens for the fake of itsflowers, It thrives well in all parts of the Ez. “ahd grows fo luxuriantly in mahy places, that it becomes a troublefome weed, BLAKEA 4 c — OVE sf A Masy E Auta we t ga BLAKEA 1, Fruticofa; foliis elipticis, trinerviis, nitidis; floribus laterali- bus, Tab. 35. ) . The wild Rofe. Periantium Duplex. Germinis hexaphyHum ;* foliis fubretunds Hahle abis? Jemiamplexantibus, per patesgradetas fitis: ; Rosis; difeus idoli x amplus, patens, bexangularis, integer, margi- tem germinis cingens, Corolla MEHR petalis ovatis majoribus rofaceis. Stamina, Filamenta duodecim, fubulata © fubarcuata, erecta; antherz maxima, triangulares, quinguelateres, verticaliter fubcompreffce, in orbem coalite ; angulis acutis interioribus. Piftillum. Germen obovatum, apice depreffum, lanum, marginatum; apar < ampliore bexangulari forem fuftinente: ftylus fimplex, fù * erectus, fubulatus, longitudine floris; ftigma acutum. Pericarpium, | Capfula obverfè conico-ovata fexlocularis. Semina Plurima minora. This vegetable is certainly one of the mof beautiful produétions of America, It is but a weakly plant at firt; and fupports itíelf, for a time, by the help of fome neighbouring fhrub or tree: but it grows gradually more robuft, and at length acquires a pretty moderate ftem, which divides into a thoufand weakly de- clining branches, well fupplied with beautiful rofy blofioms, .on all fides, that give it a moft pleafing appearance in the feafon. It is chiefly found in cool, moift, and fhady places; and grows. generally to thé height of ten or fourteen feet: but rifes always higher when it remains a climber, in which ftate it continues fometimes. It thrives beft on the fides of ponds, or ri- vulets; and thofe that would chufe to have it flourifh in their gardens, where it muft naturally make a very elegant appearance, ought to fupply it with fome fupport while it continues young and weakly. It is called B/a£ea, after Mr. Martin Blake, of Antigua, a great promoter of every fort of ufeful ksowlitges, and, a T eom to uer E this work chiefly owes its early appea 34M a ERA: TX PEE NATURAE HISTORY COPE A S-cC85 X. Of the Gyxandria; or Vegetables in whofe flowers the filaments are connected with, or fixed to the /ly/. SURO GEE. o3. Of Juch as have only two filaments, or male parts, in every Flower. I muft remark, before we proceed further, that under the generic appellation of Satyrium, we {hall comprehend all the plants of this tribe now found in the ifland of Jamaica. For the neéfaria are very various in their figures; and, fre- . quently, not conformable to any of the charactersalreadyeftablithed: tho’ they all agree in the general formation of the more effential parts, and feed-vefiels. But we (hall, however, endeavour to be more particular in the fpecific marks of them, as the productions of the clafs are very numerous, ATYRIUM 1. Erecfum fimplex, foliis feffilibus ab altero latere recurrentibus, Spica terminati, ne&lartis longtffmis. 3 The Sazyrium, with one-eared leaves and long fpurs. I found this plant near Colonel Wif/iams’s, in Liguanea : itis very uncommon, and grows generally to the height of eighteen or twenty-two inches. The leaves are oblong, and the ftalk fimple and upright. SATYRIUM 2. Ereétum, foliis oblongis, petiolis vaginatis amplexantibus, Spica terminali, ne&ariis longiffiimis. The upright Satyrium, with vaginated foot-ftalks and long fpurs. SATYRIUM 3. Parafiticum; foliis paucioribus, radicalibus; feapo fimplici, ubfquamofo, fpicato; neclariis adnatis. Vifcum radice bulbofa minus, delphinii flore, &c. Slo. Cat. 119. & H. 6 I25 The parafitical Satyrium, with red flowers and bulbous roots. This is one of the moft beautiful fpecies of this tribe of plants. It is a parafitic, and grows indifferently on all the trees and rocks in the low lands of "fazaica: but it feldom rifes above twelve or fifteen inches in height. | SATYRIUM 4. Ere&um minus, afphodeli radice; foliis oblongo-ovatis, ra- - dicalibuss [capo affurgenti fubfquamofo, [bicato. Cardamomum minus, &c. Slo. Cat. 61. & H. t. 105. f. 3. The fmall upright Sazyrium, with oval leaves. SATYRIUM 5. Ereétum minus; foliis tenuifimis, ovatis, venofis, radicali- bus; fcapo affurgenti, fub/quamofo, [bicato. _ ,., The fmaller upright Sazyrivm, with large leaves. | ; : Both LO. FL Hp La uM AL ALIO A 325 Both thefe plants are frequent in the woods, and more fhady hills of Yambica ; but neither of them rifes above ten or twelve inches in height. Both fpecies are very like each other in form andappearance, aud bear all their leaves alike round the bottom of the ftalk; but the texture of ue ftalk and OBE fhew don to 3^lie different, ” SATYRIUM 6. Parafiticum , folio fingulari longo finuato y {picd eee ab infimo finu ortá. Epidendrum foliis radicalibus fubulatis acutis nodo radicatis. L. Sp. Pl. Viícum delphini. flore. minus, &c.. Slo. H. t. 121. f. 3. €? Viícum arbo- reum flore Jpaticfo, &c. Pk.t. 117. The lark-{pur parafitical Satyrium. o Ehisiplant grows. chiefly upon.the-trunks of trees, and feldom rifes above feven or nine inches in height. The roots-are fibrous and interwoven ; and the flower- fpike riles from kelajak of the hollow, or groove of the leaf, mer els SATYRIUM 7. phylum, feapo erecto fimplici Jabfquamofo fpicato. . one The naked Satyrium. I found this plant at the Angels, on one fide of the road that leads to the red hills: it was then in bloffom, and about the height of twelve or fourteen inches, but without any leaves. ¡The flowers are of. a fctby. clos oblong and HAM SATYRIUM. 8, Pond bulbofam, em a granineis labia inferre lato. fimbria Ju aovialatl T cab AA graffy parafitical !G3/ yap! i SATYRIUM ` 9. Ereélum Jimplex, bulbofum atque fpicatums Ji ci majori, ilis bio inferiore tripartito, laciniá media producfiori fimbri- ata, nectario prominulo. | e The upright. Satyrium, with large flowers. flower" of this ; plant is pretty müch like that of the foregoing fpecies; ba turn ifhed: } bottom, SPEEA store Mrs. Guy s, in the road, to the Decoy and Sr. Mary's. SATYRIUM ` 10. Foliis litatis longi fin inis, Pd fori ifero TIA ihoni- mofo: at The Jamaica Sos -The leaves of this fj pecies (which i is found only in’ the cooler parts of the’moun- - tains) perfectly refemble thofe of a young Cocao-nut plant; and generally fun from fifteen inches to two or three feet in length. The flower-ftalk grows clofe to theíe; but feparate, and rifes commonly, to the height of two or three feet, The root is flethy; fomewhat tranfparent, and fixed in the ground' by'fome ftribey fibres? its tàfte is bitterifh, and attended with a clamminefs that leaves a light prickly warmth behind it; but this wears off foon, leaving the palate free from every fenfation’ but that of the bitter. As the root dries, it acquires a great deal both of the colour and tafte of rhubarb; but it fhould be fliced, and keptà long t time in i open air, or fun, tobe erly cured. It may be ufed, ‘with great — "s omacliic; Ane pried to thicken‘ the falivas! Sie ent aei y JSATYRIUM. IL Bullofüm, el pirdjrlctn: vel terrefire; caule compre nfi fa. — Jüs diftichis — Spica fimplici terminali: 4 P The 43246 T H/E NATUIRAL; HIS DORY The upright Satyrium, with a compreffed foliated ftalk. This plant grows indifferently either upon trees, or the ground; and fhoots generally to the height of two or three feet. ‘The leaves are v oblong, refembling thofe of the lilly kind pretty much; and the ftalks MNA terminate in fimple flower- fpikes. SATYRIUM 12. Bretum majus, caule fubrotundo, foliis Pri I amplex- antibus oblongis, [pica terminali (ami. “The larger upright Satyrium. This is very like the foregoing, both in form and difpofition: but it rifes generally : to the height of three feet, or better ; and the ftalk terminates in a branched fpike. SATYRIUM 13. Parafticum, foliis majoribus POS radicalibus; fcapo affurgenti longifimo farmentofo fimplici nudo, ad .füm- mitatem {picato. The large-leafed Satyrium, with a long farmentous fimple ftalk. ! SALT EUS up Parafiticum, foliis oblongis radicalibus, Jcapo fubaffurgenti dongo Jarmentofo — ad v— reni labio —: : floris cordato, 5 The large-leafed Satyrium, with a ag weakly branched fem, SATYRIUM 1s. Parafiticum, Soltis oblongis radicalibus maculatis, fcapo af- fun longo ER nudo ad ae aufi, floribus co we ülfebllis. ioi _ An, Epidendrum Jolis, radicalibus lanceolatis, PU retufis UL. Sp. Pl. The large farmentous Satyri, ` with ‘mottled flowers. This is a very beautiful fpecies: of the Satyrium, whofe flowers are like fo many little patches of thofe Dutch calicods'with a dark ground ; they open wide, and are pretty.much like thofe of the.13'* fpecies before deícribed ; tho’ the plants are different. This fort is pretty frequent on)the tocks near the £ feug: but I never could: eb- ferve it in any other part of the ifland. od i EPIDENDRUM. 1. Scandens; folis elliptico-ovatis, nitidi iffimis, margine membranaceo. cinciis, fubfeff libus; inferioribus clavi- culis fugatis, fuperioribus oppofitis. Epidendrum foltts Axe uiet p EUER uiuis caulinis, cirrbis a dus. L.Sp.P P. | Angurek. Kempferi. H. 868. & Vanilla, Plom. G. 28. . Lobus oblongus aromaticus, Slo. Cat. 70. & Epidendron, Gc. Pk. t.. 30. f Ae The Vanilla Plant. This plant is is a climber, and rifes, with: great eafe, to the tops of the tallest trees in the woods. The ftalk is moderately flender, and throws out a long winding tendrel oppofite to each of the lower leaves, by which it fticks and holds to the branches, or bark of the tree: but after it gains the top, thefe become ufeleís; and the place. of each is fupplied by a. fellow leaf, It, is found wild in all parts of the mountains of Jamaica, particularly in the n pides of St. Ann and St. Mary; and grows,moft luxuriantly in cool and fhady places. The plant is cultivated chiefly in low warm. lands: it is propagated by the gem, and gees planted along walls, Sae foot of trees, or other oes po O: F J^M AI C Ai 327 it may be fupported. The pods grow in pairs, and are generally of the thicknefs of a child's finger; they are green at firft, grow yellowith afterwards, and turn of a brownifh caft as they ripen. When they come to a full ftate of maturity, they are gathered, and hanged by the ends to dry in the fhade: but, when dry enough to keep, they are rubbed over with oil, to hinder them from growing light or fpungy, and to prevent their breaking; after which, they are put into little bags, from 50 to 150 in each, to keep them ready for ufe, the market, or exportation. Some people let the pods remain upon the ftalks too long, and then they tranfude a black fragrant balfam, which carries off both the fmell and delicacy of the feeds, for which alone the plant is cultivated; thefe being frequently mixed in chocolate, by the French, Spaniards, and Italians, to which they are thought to give both a delicate fmell and an agreeable flavour. They are generally looked upon as a cool- ing cofdial, a ftomachic, and a good nervous medicine: and are fometimes ufed to perfume {nuffs, and many other fubftances. di EN C ie lle wns Of fuch as have three, four, or five Filaments in every Flower. ISYRINCHIUM nı. Foliis anguftis, liratis, productis. S Sifyrinchium caule folii/que ancipitibus. | L. Sp. Pl. & H. C. Bermudiana. Tour. & H R. Parif. The Palm-leafed Berzmdiana. - This plant was introduced to famaica from North America, and is now cultiva- ted there by many of the curious: It thrives very well in moft parts of the ifland, and grows generally to the height of twelve or fixteen inches, PASSIFLORA R eficaria ; florum, involucris tripbyllis, multifido-capilla- ribus. HC Pafüflora foliis trilobis cordato-pilofis, involucris multifido-capillaribus. L, The large creeping Paffion-flower, with diffected cups. PASSIFLORA 2. Foliis amplioribus cordatis, petiolis glandulis fex notatis, ~ . caule quadrigono alato. ` ; | An, Paffiflora foliis indivifis ferratis. L. Sp. Pl... _. The Granadilla Vine. This plant is cultivated in many of the gardens of "famaica, for the fake both of its Ihade and berries; for it is frequently made arbours in moft of thofe fultry coun- tries, and produces an agreeable cooling fruit. = — UN Sp. Pl. Pafliflora veficaria herbacea, Sic. Pk. t. 104. fi 1. iy PASSIFLORA: 3. Foliis ovatis, petiolis biglandulis, baccá molli ovatd. Páffiflora foliis indivifis integerrimis, involucris dentatis. L. Sp. Pl. The Honey-fuckle. This plant is cultivated in many parts of America, for the fake of its fruit: it is a climber, and fpreads, like the Granadilla, fo as to be frequently employed in ar- bours The fruit is very delicate, and much efteemed by moft palates: it is about the fize of a hen's egg, and full of a very agreeable gelatinous pulp, in which the feeds'are lodged. wet cd l eet TT : ^ . PASSI- 328 PR RAY RAB HISTORY PASSIFLORA 4. Foliis cordatis produtlis, petiolis biglandulis, fru&a Jpbe- rico, pericarpio duro. Paffiflora foliis indivifis cordato-oblongis, petiolis biglandulis, involucris ir- tegerrimis. L.Sp. Pl. | The Water-Lemon. I have not known this plant to be yet cultivated in any of the gardens of Ya- maica, tho' a natiye: it grows frequent in the woods, and fupplies the wild hogs with a great part of their food in the feafon. PASSIFLORA 5. Foliis nitidis trilobis, medio angufto longiori, lateralibus quandoque auritis, fructu baccato minori nitido. . Paffiflora foliis trilobis fubpeltatis, cortice fuberofo,. Ls Sp. Pl. The little creeping Paflion-flower, with fmall, fmooth, blue berries. PASSIFLORA 6. Foliis trilibis, medio minori, lateralibus ovatis. . Pafliflora foliis trilobis, oblongis, fubtus punciatis, medio minori. L. Sp. Pl, ‘The large climbing Paffion-flower, —— PASSIFLORA 7. Foliis trinervis nitidis, ad apices latioribus, fubtrilobis ; lobis equalibus, : Pafifiora foliis exei cordatis equalibus obtufis glabris integerrimis, £ L, Sp. PI. The larger climbing Paffion-flower, with fmooth leaves. PASSIFLORA .8. Foliis quinquelobis profunde divifis, lobis oblongis- Paflilora foliis palmatis, quinquepartitis, integerrimis. L. Sp. Pl. The climbing Paífion-Bower, ‘ with digitatéd leaves, PASSIFLORA 9. Foliis fubbaftatis, petiolis biglandulis, fiylo longiori, fru&u | fabhirfuto rubello, | Paffiflora folis trilobis ferratis. L. Sp. PI. ^^. The Paffion-flower, with oblong crenated leaves. PASSSIFLORA 10, Foliis trilobis ; cruribus oblongis obtufis, intermedio Jere obfoleto © fetulá terminato. Flos-paflionis perfoliatus, feu periclimeni folio. Slo. Cat. 164. The larger Paffion-flower, with two-fhanked leaves. .. PASSIFLORA 11. Foliis trilobis; cruribus anguflis oblongis, intermedio fere moe . ebfolto. . ! | Coanenepilli, C? Contra- Yerva. Hernand. 301. The {maller Paffion-flower, with two-fhanked leaves. PASSIFLORA 12. Foliis tenuioribus, trinerviis, bicornibus, lunatiss finu | anteriori obtufo. An, Pafiiflora foliis bilobis obtufis bafi indivifis, nectariis monopbyllis. L, rligsepsSp, Pl. : i ET - The Bull-hoof, or Dutchman s Laudanum. | This plant (like moft of the other fpecies) is a climber ; whofe fruit is of an oblong oval form, about the fize of a large olive, and of a flefhy colour when ripe. Both — i eÜ—rá [a —Í À€— «B DPR: A MA TOA 329 the fyrup and decoction of the plant is now much ufed in the leeward parts of the ifland, where it is frequent; and is faid to anfwer, effectually, all the purpofes for which the fyrup of poppies and liquid laudanum are generally adminiftered, The flowers have been hitherto the moft in ufe: they are commonly infufed in, or pounded and mixed immediately with, wine or fpirits ; and the compofition gene- rally thought a very effectual and eafy narcotic. All the fpecies mentioned here, grow in the different parts of the ifland; but the firft, fifth, tenth and eleventh, are moft commonly found in the lower lands, or to- Wards the foot of the mountains. The root of the eleventh is much extolled by Hernandes, who fays, That taken, to the quantity of three ounces, it cures the fpleen, eaíes pains, creates an appetite, provokes a difcharge by urine, cools the body, and prevents the effect of poifons. The fecond and third are cultivated in the gardens for the fake of their fruit and fhade: and the fixth, feventh, eighth, and ninth, are natives of the cooler woods, as well as the laft; and rife to a greater height. than any of the others. But the leaves of the tenth fort are only applied to the ftalk, by the natural bent of the foot-ftalks. SRR RS SRE nee ii Of Juch as have fix or more Filaments in every Flower. -A RISTOLOCHIA 1. Scandent, foliis: cordatoacuminatis, forum flabellis . amplis purpureis. Ariftolochia caule — foltis cordato-oblongts planis, fructu. pendulo, ! C cuc. du. » Ariftolochia /candens odoratifima. Slo, Cat, 60, & H. t. 104. Phetruome, Hern, 162. The Contra-Yerva of the fouth fide of "famaica. This plant is a climber, and rifes frequently to a confiderable height among the neighbouring trees and bufhes. The root has a ftrong fmell, and is defervedly looked upon as a warm attenuant, and an active diaphoretic and ftomachic: it is adminifter- ed in infufions, and greatly ufed among the flaves in ‘Samaica. | ARISTOLOCHIA 2. Scandens, foliis amplioribus cordatis; forum ftalellis maximis variegatis, in appendicem longam t e | definentibus. The large climbing Birth-worth, with variegated flowers; or the poifoned Hog-meat. é 4 This plant is very common in St. 4nn’s, and bears very large flowers, which are feldom under five or fix inches round the margin; but the 77772, or opening of the flower, continues glewed up, longitudinally, for a. confiderable time; and terminates in.a long flender appendix, at the lower extremity. | Ariftolochia foliis ¢rilobis.. L.. The Contra-Yerva of the north fide. "The roots of this plant are ufed on the north fide of the ifland, where it is moft common, in the fame manner as thofe of the firft fpecies are on the fouth fide. ARISTOLOCHIA 3. Scandens, foliis fublobatis obtufis, floribus ampliffimis. ; Sp. Pi. xt. PISTIA 1, Aquatica villofa, foliis obovatis ab imo venofis, foribus Jpar- Sis foliis incidentibus. | dini? sd BN tQ- | : Piftia, 4j0 THE NATUR'AL HISTORY Piftia. Lin. & Hill. t. 15. f 20. [ Piftia. Plumeri. Gen. &. Kodda-pail. H. M. P. xi. t32. Stratiotes ZEpypztia Diofcoridis, Veflengii © Raii. H: Lenticula 2e/uffris fexta, vel ZEgyptia, &c. Slo, Cat. 11. & H. t. 2. 'The Great Duck-weed, or Pond-weed. E fuperiori pagind foliorum, verfus bafes, affurgit Periantium Nullum. Corolla Monopetala incqualis, tubulata, oblonga, inferne ventricofa, ad medietatem coarctata, fuperne dilatata. Limbus oblique ligu- latus, erectus, acuminatus; integer; auris equine figure. Stamina. E pariete floris, infine rime parti oppofito, furgit fujientaculum erectum, verfus bafim difco membranaceo inde ligulatoctnéium,(li- | gulá ad apicem germinis porretiá): ad apicem. antheris octo, (quandoque paucioribus J) Jübrotundis, patentibus, in orbem fi- tis ornatum. Pifilum. E fundo floris emergit, germen oblongum, fligmate obtufo coro- na Pericarpiom. Capfula cblongo-ovata, in fex loculamenta divifa, €3 feminibus - aliquot oblongo-ovatis, referta. This plant i is rare in Jamaica. I have not obferved it above once in that ifland; it was in a pond: between Mr. "fames's, and:Do&or Thene’s, in St. Jamesi : but it is very common in Antigua, where the greateft part of their waters is collected and preferved in ponds, for the public ufe. > It grows and thrives very luxuriantly in thefe refervoirs, and keeps the waters always frefh and cool; which would be greatly fubjé& to. putrefattion, and charged with a multitude of infects, had they continued expofed to the heat of the fun. “Tt has its inconveniences, however, and thofe not very trifling; for the plant is, ef its own nature, acrid; and ‘when the droughts fet in, and the.waters are reduced very low, (which frequently happens in that ifland) they are over-heated, and fo impregnated: with the particles of this ve- getable, that they frequently give bloody-fluxes to fuch as are obliged to ufe them at thofe feafons: but this inconvenience may be, in fome meafure, remedied, by mixing flower, or fome other fheathing fubftance with it, if neccflity obliges the ufe of it in fuch a ftate. Its acrimony gives me room to think that it is not the Stra- tioles Of Profp. Alpinus, or Baubin. HELICTERES 1, Villofa € fruticofa; foliis Mem we ic eee Jerratis, Helicteres, + L. Gen. & H.C. & lfora. Plumer Helicteres ams m. orientalis, &c. Pk. t. iim f£2353& H, Mal. vi. - Abutilo afinis piii ud ‘folio, &c, Slo. Cat. 97. líora Murri. H. M. p. 6. t. 30. The Screw Tree. This curious fhrub is very frequent i in the low gravelly hills of Jamaica. It rifes generally to the beight of nine or ten feet, and has much of the habit of the Mallows tribe; from which it is diftinguifhed by the fpiral form and conne&ion of its capfular. fecd-vefics, and the peculiarities of the parts of the flower. CHAM AROPS. TM Acaulis, foliis fabelliformibus maximis, petiolis validis : 15, fies brevioribus partialibus. An, Chamzrops. Y Gen. & H. C. Palma nen [pimofa bumilior, &c. . Slo. Cat. 177. & H. The humble Palmeto, with round foot-ftalks. | ‘Spatha ^" x - c£ REX. a —7 n — DOT Bil yl Al AMES AT TT ACA 33i. Spatha Tri- vel quadripbylla, foliis oblongis mollibus amplexantibus. Spadix Simplex conico-cylindraceus; ,capfulis. baccatis, fefilibus obtufis de- prefis © fere connatis, in [picam uniformem redactis, onujtus, Corolla. Flores ali mares, alii femine, alternatim mixti in eodem fpadice. Mas. Periantum | Quadrzgonum, eunti re, carnofum, ad apicem lineis variis notatum. Corolla Nulla. Stamina, Rudimenta quatuor. vafe brevia, D qune R mis oblon- gis RETURER: di - Femina. Perini Crafum carnofum quadratum; mafculinis interpofitum, foliolis | quatuor aninimis.mar gini EM UBER ibus orndtutn. j. Corolla ‘Nalla. Stamina Nulla. Pittillum. Germen craffum, quadratum, , Pct regnans; ftyli gua- tuor vel plures, longiffimt, incumbentes ; ftigmata fimplicia acuta. Pericarpium. Capfula fucculenta, baccata, angulata; inferne craffor, ad apicem. anguftior, uad A ; Semina. Plurima. minima. ovata... This plant is very frequent in: ¥amaica, patticalatdy ábout the Crefeenre; iilam ufed for thatch, tho’ not fo good as the other leaves commonly employed for that purpofe. "The foot-ftalks are exactly like fo many joints of.well-grown walking- canes, both in {hape and fize; but they foon wither api fhrivel ke The — aré f{weet, and fed upon much by the birds: 55s € ARUM 1. Caule ereéto, geniculato, inferne nudo; foliis pi s oblongo- ovatis. An, Arum: caulefcens foliis. Jagittatis. aLi Sp. Pl? 5 Aram caule geniculato, canne Indice foliis, &c. Bla. Gots 6 n igbdids 15 iai: Br Pif 220.5 : har: Soa evirvig: sio! ve ri ji wo The Dumb Gareto xot io gy str bacon This plant is common in moft parts of America, and grows hice | in uii abd. moift places. The ftalk is ufed to bring fugar to a good grain, when the juice is too viícid, and cannot be brought to granulate rightly with lime alone. Tra, recom- mends a decoction of the plant by way of fomentation in hydropic cafes: and it certainly muft be a ftrong refolutive, which cannot fail to ftrengthen and fti- mulate the relaxed fibres, in. fuch cafes, ARUM 2. Scandens triphyllum. foliis exterioribus auritis, petiolis vaginan- , tibus. Aram maximum Jcanens, genitulatum & trifoliatum. Slo. Cat. 65. Abi bias The: trifoliated: rum; or Wake-Robin. This plant i is pretty frequent in all ‘the hills of Famaica, and generally Sand climbing among the neighbouring trees. lt is the only fpecies that is obferved to be furnifhed with compound leaves in that ifland.- ARUM a4. Scandens, foliis majoribus crenato-laceris, petiolis Jil. `` Arum maximum altiffme fiandens, &c. ` Slo. Cat. dx p e An, Elitta di Maravara. H.M- p. 12. t. 20? Qe ees PE The large. climbing Wake- Robina with, torn. Sheaves, ARUM 344 THE NATURAL HISTORY ARUM 4. Acaule purpureum, foliis amplifimis. cordato-fagittatis. Colocafia quod Arum Indicum, Colocafia dicum, pediculis atris, &c, Thez. Ze ey. 68. The purple Cocco, and Tannier. The tops of this plant are commonly ufed to feed the hogs; but the root is more valuable, and fupply many of the poorer fort of people with what they call Bread-kind, in thofe parts of the world. ARUM 5. Acaule maximum, foliis cordato-fagittatis, . Arum d Poel peltatis ovatis repandjs, bafi Jfomibifdis L. Sp. Pl. & Colocafia, p PT Egyptia veterum flos; C. B. Cc. "T hez. Zey. 68. rum maximum NAE "e vulgo Colocatia, B. Pin. Ce. Slo. Cat. 6r. 'The white Cocco, and Tyre... The tops of this plant do fometimes fupply the tables of Jamaica with greens; but they are not reckoned fo good as thofe of the feventh fpecies, which is the moft in ufe. The young roots are very wholefome, dry, and nourifhing ; and fometimes ufed in broths, by the poorer fort of people; The old heads are called White Cacca and the young roots that fhoot round the top, Tyres, ARUM 6. Acaule maximum, foliis cordato-fagittatis, radice. leniter. mordi- cante, Arum acaule, foliis cordatis acutis cum acumine, angulis rotundatis.. L, H, C. & Sp. Plant. EE The Scrateh' Coco, Se: ‘The root of this plant is ufed like thofe of the other forts; but it is not fo fre- quently cultivated. The old roots are generally called Scratch Coccos, from a little pungency with which they are always MARE ege and the young ones that fhoot round the top, Eyes. ARUM 7. Acaule medium, foliis cordato- -fagittatis quandoque auritis, ra- ice minori carnofa. Arum acaule, TW peltatis ovatis integerrimis, bafi Jemibifidis, L. Sp. Pl. “e H — Arum minus ibi foliis Efculentum, &c. Slo. Cat. 62. & H. t. 106. Colocafia quod Arum Zeylonicum minus, &c. Thez. Zey. 68. i Indian Kale. The leaves of this plant boiled, make a wholefome agreeable green: it is ten- der and mucilaginous, and pleafing to moft palates. "The plant is much cultivated by all forts of people; efpecially in the country parts, where cabbage and kidney- beans are not always to be had. A fmall bed of it is fufficient to fupply one or two families with greens throughout the year; for it grows very luxuriant and quick, and the oftener it is picked, the better. It grows very {mall if it be not tranf- planted from time to time, ARUM 8. Acaule; Eo iriangularibus fagittatis, angulis divaricatis acutis; Arum are Jindlentum, ja fttacie foliis viridi-nigricantibus, Slo. Cat. 63. ift. t. 1 Fa : Si ES I pL Hil. iili n Th 4 = j 3 e * c O F Jodo M. A. SRCA 333 The fmaller Indian Kale. | This plant is cultivated by many people in famaica: it is much like the former, and frequently ufed for the fame purpofes. ARUM 9. Acaule majus fylvefire, radice oblonga fibratá, foliis amplioribus cor datis. Arum acaule, foliis peltato-ovatis bafi bipartitis. L.H.C. An, Colocafia quod Arum maximum Zeylonicum, radice craffa. Thez. Zey. 68? The large wild Wake-Robin. This plant is very common among the rocks, in many parts of the ifland: the leaves are very large, and rife immediately from a thick lengthened root. ARUM 10. Acaule fulcer ulum maximum, foliis amplifimis cordato-fagit- ii Colocafia Serre ride Zeylonica, &c. Thez. Zey. 68. The Baboon or Hog Cocco, The root of this plant grows to a monftrous fize, and is very coarfe: it is of an eafy growth, and planted chiefly for the hogs, which it is faid to fatten very well. "ARUM 11. Scandens, foliis cordatis, petiolis rotundis... | The climbing Wake-Robin, with round foot-ftalks. ARUM 12. Tenue fcandens, Solis oblongis, petiolis alatis amplexantibus. Phylitidi candenti affinis major, &c. Slo. Cat. 15. & H. t. 27. The climbing Wake-Robin, with oblong leaves and edged foot-ftalks. This plant is only to be met with in the moft lonely inland woods: it climbs with great cafe, and grows more fucculent and jaznniapt towards the top. „ARUM 13. - Parafiticum minus, foliis ovatis punctatis glabris, fpica brevis à The {mall parafitical Wake-Robin. Ls I found this little parafitical plant in the woods above Sz. 4nn’s bay. The-ftem is flender and fhagged, and adorned with a few oval leaves: it fticks pretty clofe to the trunk of whatever tree it grows upon; but feldom runs above two or three feet in length. 4R "CLASS 34 THE NATURAL HISTORY € LA S.S. JXXEL Of the Monoecia; or Vegetables that throw out diftin& male and female Flowers, from different parts of the fame Plant. | BC EPS Of fuch as have one, two, three, four, or five Filaments ia.every mile Flower. enmt 1, Erectum, breve, cylindraceum, nudum; prima etate Jquamatum. | Cynomorium, Miche. t. 12. The Saptight Panli si: This little plant is feldom met with but in the moft fhady inland woods: it grows in beds, and rifes generally to the height of three, four, or five inches; but is commonly f{malleft towards the bottom. At firft it is covered pretty thick with fcales of the figure of a heart; which fall off gradually as it rifes, and expofe the body of the plant thickly befet with little tranfparent denticles, intermixed with a few tubular trifid flowers, that jet above the level of the furface, The ftem of the plant is fucculent and flefhy, and all the parts aftringent. | A s LEMNA 1. Minima monorbifos, foliolis orBicalatis: SO odo An, Lemna foliis fe efits planiufculis, radicibus folitariis? L.Sp. Pl. Lens palufris, Raii H Duck-weed. This little aquatic plant grows in fome of the fmall-ponds of ‘Yamaica; but itis not common, nor put to any ufe there. OMPHALAN DRIA 1. Frutefeens diffufa, foliis amplioribus ovatis, petiolis 2 iglandulis, racemis térmnalibus, The large-leafed Omphalandria, with two Zbere or male parts, ge (ds P Flores alii mares, alii femine in iifdem racemis. Mas. Periantium Qyadri- vel quinque-pbyllum, foliolis cocbleatis fubrotundis, Corolla = Null. Stamina Nulla. Neétarium craffum umbonatum fubrotundum, in medio cali- ~ cis fitum, fuflentaculum prebet antheris geminis, lateribus necta- - rii oppofitis longitudinaliter immerfis. Femina. - Periantium Uf in mare. Corolla Nulla. Stamina Nulla, Piftillum. Germen ovatum; ftylus drevis ; ftigma fubtrifidum. Pericarpium. Cap/ula carnofa, ovata, trilocularis, ‘Semina Solitaria nena d RUE. aka ideray 3d d | OMPHA- iGO Ep A Mi Ay T CHA: 338 OMPHALANDRIA 2. Foliis obovatis glabris, ad bafim biglandulis; floribus triandriis, Tab, 22. f, 4. ‘The larger Omphalandria, with three Aber: Thefe plants are chiefly found about Port Antonio, and Mangeneel. — "Thereare no filaments in the flowers of either of them; but the anthere are lodged in fo many grooves, difpofed longitudinally and at equal diftances from each other, inthe. fide of a roundifh naval fituated in the center of the cup. The firft fort is a weakly {preading fhrub; the other, a fmall tree, ZEA 1. Seminibus fubcompreffis obovatis. Zea. L. Gen. Sp. Pl. & H.C, Maizium. Mart. 6, & Jaapan Indicum mays dicum, &c. Slo. Cat. 26. Great Corn, or Maize. - | This plant is much cultivated in all parts of Yamaica, and thrives very luxuriant- ly every where. It is generally planted among the young canes, and g grows to per- fection before thefe (hoot to any confiderable height, -The grain is reckoned a wholefome hearty food, and much ufed among tbe negroes, who make it into va- rious mefies, according to their fancy, lt is given to horfes, in thole parts, as we do oats, beans, or peafe, in Europe; and is the principal {apport of their aici and fmall ftock, of which the people of that ifland raife great quantities. — .. COIX 1. Arundinacea eretfa indivifa, foliis brevioribus latiufculis, fpica ra- cemofa terminali. Gramen paniceum 76m pes, fmplici levi, &c. Slo. Cat. 30, & H. t. 64. Lachryma Fobi H. E.. Thez. Zey. p. 137, 8. An, Coix feminibus ovatis. L, Sp. Pl. & H.C? The Coix, with fim ple flender-fhanks. This plant grows wild every. where in the. woods, and is excellent fod- . der for all forts of cattle. It has Bn the MEpReipas af a reed ang rifes PROPI to the height of four feet, or better. CAREX 1. Tenuior, altifime fcandens. | Hg 103 An, Carex, diss oblongis fe € remotis ondregyns capfalis ovatis acutis. Sp. PI. The Mad oia Carex. This plant is frequent in Sz, Elizabeths, and grows very luxuriantly in all parts of the parifh, The ftalk is very Qender, .and rifs to a confiderable height, when fupported by neighbouring bufhes. | ecd CAREX 2. Foliorum vaginis marginatis € ab altero latere. appendiculatis; Jpicis qnandoque mixtis, quandoque majculinis; caule trian- gulari, | The common Carex. This plant is extremely like the common frepean fort: it grows very plentifaliy in all the /agoons about the Ferry. f is CAREX 3. Paluftris major, caule arundinaceo. ihid . The upright Carex, with a fmooth hollow a . The 936 THE NATURAL HISTORY - "T he flalk of this plant i is thick, round, fimooth, and jointed like a reed; but it is not of the fame texture: it’s frequent i in the Ferry- -réver, and about the great pond, TYPHA 1. Simplex, foliis longis anguftis compreffis, d PE terminali. Typha foliis Jubenfiformibus, fpicis approximatis, L. S The Great Reed-Mace. This plant is a native of ‘famaica, and grows very common in all the lagoons about the ifland. The leaves make good matts; and are fometimes ufed for thatch - jn the low lands. TRAGIA 1. Scandens, foliis haflatis ferratis bifpidis. Tragia foliis cordato-oblongis, caule volubili, ` È. Sp. Pl. Urtica ramofa fcandens, &c. Slo, Cat. 38. & H. t. 82. The creeping Cowhage. In this plant, the foot-ftalks of the flowers rife from the ala of the leaves; and divide foon after, into two fimple branches; whereof, the one bears a number of male flowers, difpofed gradually i in the form of a fpike, towards the top; while the other faf- tains only a fingle femalebloflom, which is fixed at the extremity of the branch, There is no more than two filaments in each of the male flowers of this plant; and what Linneus calls a cup, or periantium, feems to be rather a real flower. ‘The plant is very common in Jamaica, and well known on account of its fharp itching hairs, The root is looked upon as a good aperient and diuretic; and both the decoétion and j juice are frequently ufed among the negroes for thofe porpofcs "TRAGIA 2. Subfruticofa, foliis oblongis glabris, pie bipi, An, Tragia foliis lanceolatis obtu fis iue a L.S p.P An, Pee-Tsjerou. H.M, p. 5. t.23?^- = - The fmooth-leafed Cowhage. I found this plant at the Angels, on the fide of the road —- leads to Sixteen-imile- walk: it grows commonly to the height of four URTICA 1. Humilior hifpida, foliis ovatis crenatis, ee alaribus. The {mall hairy Nettle.. This plant was introduced to Yamaica by Mr. Wallen; and thrives well at the Ferry, where i it was firft planted. It is a native of the ifland of Madera, URTICA 2. Erea, foliis cordatis ferratis, racemis compreffis terminalibus. The larger Dead-nettle, with fpreading flower-bunches. This plant is very common in Jamaica, and grows chiefly in cool fhady places. The leaves are pretty large and luxuriant, and the flower-bunches fpread- ing and compreffed, and difpofed at the extremities of the branches, The plant riles frequen to the height of three fect, or better. URTICA 3. Minor Jupina, foliis ovatis ferratis oppofi itis, floribus confertis terminalibus, The fmall creeping Nettle. URTICA? 4. e i jns diffufa, compreffa, oblique affurgens; foliolis Herniaria POTERIE A MAA T AVA. (^ gay Herniaria, lucida aquatica, &c.. Slo, Cat. 50. &.H. tab. 93. f. 2. _ The little reclining Nettle, with very {mall leaves, URTICA 5. Humilior, reclinata, fete fimplex; foliolis minimis diftichis. The fmaller reclining Nettle, with very fmall leaves. Both thefe plants are like each other, and feem to be only variations of the fame fpecies. They are very different in appearance from all the other forts of nettle; but the parts of the flowers, which are very {mall, feem to place them. in the fame Clafs. The following i isa defcription of the bloffoms, as nearly as I could make it out. Flores, alii mafculini femininis intermixti. Mas. Periantium Nullum. Corolla, Tetrapetala, petalis cochleatis oblongis. Stamina. Filamenta quatuor, petalis fere tecta: anthere fubrotunde. Femina. Calix Nullus; Corolla; Nulla. Piftillum, Germen oblongum; ftylus brevifimus; ftigma ciliatum. > They grow chiefly in cool gravelly places; but neither of them. rifes above twelve or fourteen inches in height. "The difpofition of the leaves and branches is nearly the fame in both; tho' one of the fpecies feems to divide a good deal in its growth, while the other rifes almoft with a fimple ftem. | URTICA 6. Ereéta,. foliis ovato- acuminatis trinerviis nitidis, racemis com- re/fis. Urtica Iners Dent &c. Slo. Cat, 38. & H. t. 85. f. 2: _ The larger Dead-Nettle, with fmooth leaves and bunched flowers. URTICA 7 Fruticulofa, glabra s. Soltis fubrotundo-ovatis, crenato-ferratis, "The ere& Nettle, with Ímooth leaves. | feci E Thefe plants grow chiefly in cool and fhady places, and rife generally to ihe height of two feet anda half, or better. The firft fort has large oval leaves, and wide fpreading bunches of flowers, difpofed at the top of the branches: ]t is common in all the cooler gravelly, banks of the higher hills. The other grows more upright; it is of amore delicate make, rm and lignous; and adorned with fmaller roundifh leaves: i have met with it at Mangenecl. .URTICA. 8. Arborefcens ; foliis ovatis, hirtis, pruriginofis, eppofitis. The Nettle Tree, with itching hairy leaves. This Sot grows commonly to the:height of eight. or ten feet, and is P Be quent in the woods.about. 57. Mery. s and Portland. 53 URTICA. 9. Frutefcens; p amplioribus: ovatis, apes dentatis; ner vis, petiolis B caulibus aculeatis. _ The large prickly Nettle. I met with this plant. in B/ue-mountain Valley, but could not prono it in any other part of the ifland: it was not at that time perfect "ow to bear either flowers 4 S TS or 34 TH EANA TURM BE HISTORY feeds; and have placed it here only from the common difpofition and appearance of its leaves and branches, The plant was about the height of five feet, or better; furnifhed with large gloffy leaves, of the figure of a heart; and every where fupplied with fharp prickly thorns, efpecially about the trunk and leaves, URTICA 10. Frutefeens ; foliis rugofis ovatis, in acumen productis ; ramulis gracilibus The fhrubby Nettle, with flender branches and lengthened oval leaves. URTICA 11, Fruticofa; foliis ampliffimis, ovatis, ferratis; [picis longifimis, tenuibus, ex alis propendentibus. The Nettle Tree. Both thefe plants are natives of the cooler woods of Jamaica, and grow com- monly to the height of ten or fifteen feet. The laft fort is more frequent in the cooler mountains of Liguanea, and furnifhed with very broad leaves, SAPIUM 1. Arboreum, foliis ——— glabris, petiolis biglandults, Jforibus ` Jpicatis. The Cii Tree. Flores alii mafculini, alii feminini, in iifdem fpicis: illi e fuperiore fpice parte, oriuntur s bi vero infra enafeuntur. Mas. Periantium Nullum. Corolla Nulla. : Stamina. E finguld lacund biglanduld emergunt filamenta quatuor, quinque, | vel fex, ereina s antheris globo infirucha, TA Periantium E lacunis paucis biglandulis, circa bafim fpice digeftis, emergunt pertantia totidem ventricofa, minima quadridentata, Corolla Nulla. Stamina, Nulla. Piftillum. Germen oblongum, intra calicem fitum; ftylus brevis 4) toca ftigmata //ziplicia. Pericarpium. Capfula fubrotunda, obtufé triloba, trilocularis, Jiminibus tribus folitariis referta. "This tree grows to a very confiderable fize, and yields a great quantity of reb; of thick fticky confiftence, dirty colour; opake, and of little fmell: which generally ferves for the boiling-houfe lamps, in every part of the country where the tree is _ frequent; and is much ufed for bird-lime, which purpofe it is obíerved to anfwer ex- tremely well. The wood is foft and coarfe, and not much efteemed, ARGYTHAMN IA I. Fruticofa, tota albida; foliis oblongis, nervis paucioribus arcuatis, “The ie ihlabb afh-coloured Arg ythamnia. Flores alii maículini, alii feminini, in eddem planté. Mas. ee Feni Periantium etrap ] Tun ms full Liat vill; e à n V, ER Seen MSA, "iOS ib NIS Ma tU ages silo: ni^ Corolla Eck Of RiP Ai Maar tT yA. 339 Corolla Tetgapetala; petalis minoribus lanceolatis. Stamina. Filamenta quatuor, longitudine fere floris; anthere oblongo-ovate. d Femina. Periantium, Ut in mare, villofum. Corolla Nulla. Stam. Nulla. Piftillum. Germen fubglobofum, obtufà trilobum, villofum; ftyli. tres, ul- tra medietatem tripartiti ; laciniis fingulis, bifidis : ftigmata lacerata. Pericarpium. Capfula obtufé trigona, trilocularis, trifbermis. Semina Subrotunda folitaria. This fhrub is pretty frequent in the lower hills, and grows chiefly in a dry gravelly foil: it feldom rifes above five feet in height; and the trunk and branches are co- vered with a whitifh bark. MORUS 1. Laétefcens; foliis oblongis acutis, paginis exterioribus productiori- us, ligno citrino. Morus foliis ovatis birfutis. L. Sp. Pl. Morus frutu viridi, ligno fulpbureo tinétorio, Slo. Cat. 128. & H. t. 158. Itainfba. Pif. 163. The Fuftic Tree. This is a fine timber- wood ; and a principal ingredient in moft of our yellow dyes, for which it is chiefly imported i into Europe. The berries are {weet and wholefome, but not much ufed, except it be by the winged tribe, by whofe care it is chiefly planted. It is a native of Jamaica, and deferves to be propagated with greater care, MORUS 2. Foliis oblique cordatis. L. Sp. Pl. The Carolina Mulberry. This tree is cultivated in many gardens in Jamaica, and thrives very well in the low lands; but it feldoms bears any quantity of fruit; The berries of this fort are longer than thofe of the European mulberry, and generally of a whitith colour. MORUS 3. Foliis TU; hs villofis ; tment bis olid acai. L. Sp. Pl. The Virginia Mulberry A few of thefe trees, which are natives of Virginia, have been lately raifed in Jamaica by fome curious gentlemen; and are faid to be of that fort on which the filk- worm feeds and thrives beft. It grows in that ifland as well as any of the other fpecies, but does not bear any quantity of fruit; and was planted there only to fatisfy the curiofity of the people. ATERAMNUS 1. Fols oblongis, leviffimé crénatis, alternis; fpicis fingularibus, ad alas. The Ateramnus, with oblong crenated leaves. Flores alii mafculini, alii feminini, in iifdem fpicis. Mares plurimi, conferti, qua- driflaminei : femine pm tribus ftylis M^ G ad bafim fpice fitez. An, ad Sapiam referri debet ? AMBROSIA 1, Erecía ramoja, foliis plurifariam divifis, laciniis crenato- erratis, racemis paniculatis terminalibus. Ambrofia foliis bipinnatis, racemis paniculatis terminalibus. Le Sp. PI. 7*1 - Ambrofia elatior, foliis artemifia atrovirentibus, Slo, Cat. 38. aa 4 * l P s - p T HOEONATUR/AAL HIS RORY Wild Tanfey. This plant grows’ very common and luxuriant in all the dry fandy banks of the larger river-courfes ; where the mould is wafhed away by the floods.’ aad nothing left but gravel. mixed with ftiff clay. It is a powerful vulnerary and re- folutive; and frequently ufed in warm baths and fomentatioris of that nature, The juice of the leaves, mixed with honey, is recotiimended in exulcerations of the lungs. PARTHENIUM 1. Subhrfutum ramofum, foliis multipliciter inctfis, flori- bus terminalibus, Parthenium foliis ig rer “E. Sp: Ph & H.C, Achoavan. Profp. Alp. 56. Wild Wormwood... This plant grows wild in moft of the open filds round the ifland; and thrives very luxuriantly about all the fettlements in the low lands... It is obferved to have much the fame qualities with the Feverfew ; and may be ufed, like Hats in rez folutive baths, and infufions. MESI AE sacl ra S AMARANEHUS Tj pec rufe Hicks foribus confertis fe filius capitulis alaribus. Amatanthus, racemis pentandris cylindricis ereétis, axillis fpinofis. Ly Sp. Pl. The prickly Calaho. This plant is frequent in the mountains, as well as the lower hills of Xamaica ; and much ufed as a green, when the more valuable forts are AtCARGR It.is reckoned both a wholefome and an agreeable vegetable. AMARANTHUS 2. Coma terminali varia, monfirofa & fimbriata. The Cock's-conib. This plant grows now in moft parts of Jamaica; and thrives fo luxuriantly every where, that it may be confidered as native, . It makes a beautiful appearance among the other flowering-plants cultivated in our gardens, and is often raifed for that purpofe in all pes of America. S Bb OE B Of Juch as have fix, or more, Filaments in every Flower. FIZANIA 1. Panicula effufa. L. Sp. Pl. - The larger Zizania, with a fcattered panicle. Tiia plane i is common in all the /agoons of Jamaica: the joints of the ftalk are fhorter th país. of the common fort; and {well a little on one fide at the bafe... SX BA. ZIZANIA?. e visus, affurgens, tenuis © ramofas panicula laxa ra- An, Zizania peni ra neon L. Sp. Pl. Zizania, eem emel is he i : sp $ d da ^ *o im i arf vt x 4 i +. TEM r JE G | SDIS aj I of 5abtot - Se P have il Ci AAR PE! Saye hd A q Or F1 fj JAK MATE 1: A. 34i I have claffed this plant, already, among the reeds; but believe it does more pro- perly belong to this genus. ZEUGITES 1. Arundinaceus, viae minor, rufefcens ; donant Jparfa ter- minali. "Tab. The Mos dine "Periantium © G/uma | trivalois triflora; {valvulis inferioribus equalibus, ovato-fubobtufis; tertia interior triplo major obtufa, © fe- tuld terminata : e finu bujus emergit germen oblongum, ftylo fimplici «illofo, & ttigmate obtufufculo, villofo, inftructum. Ex eodem finu etiam furgit pedunculus tenuis biflorus; flo- ribus bivalvibus, calicibus deftitutis; fingulis, {taminibus tri- bus refertis: anthere oblonge biloba, utrinque bifurce. I found this curious little plant at Co/d-Spring, in the mountains of New Ligua- nea: it grows in a rich fhady foil, and feldom rifes above two feet or twenty-fix inches in height. PALMA 1. Spadicibus alaribus; frutu maximo; caudice fubequali, cica- “ triculis circularibus fcabro; foliis enfformibus, replicatis, pinnatts. Coccos. L. Sp. Pl. & H. C. Coccos €? Coccoifera. Mart. 388. Palma Indica Coccifera angulofa C. B. 'T'hez. Zey. Palma Indica nucifera Coccos dicia Rai. Slo. Cat. 132. Tinga varia. H.M. p. 1 & 3. £. 1,2, 3, 4. The Cocco-Nut Tree. Flores, alii gale, alii feminini, in eodem fpadice. Mas | Periantium Triphy Jum dai Corolla. Tripetala, petalis oblongis, foliolis Mb) alternatis: Stamina, Filamenta fex, brevia, antheris majufculis, Sagittatis, amne Piftillum, Germen obfoletum ; ftyli tres, fübulati, breves; Femina. . Periantium Nullum mifi petala exteriora floris pro calice fumas. Corolla Hexapetala, petalis fubrotundis cochleatis; quorum tria majora interiora funt, Stamina Nulla, Germen craffum, Jubrotundum ; ftylus nullis; ftigma tri- angulare, obtufé trilobum, excavatum. Pericarpium, Drupa quandoque ficca, & fibrofa ; quandoque baccata, C3 fulpofa; nauco offeo magno triloculari tribus foraminulis Jubobfoletis perforato referta. Loculamenta pulte amyg- dalino vel aqueo femper repleta funt; bina tamen quan- doque obfoleta fiunt. — Semina. Tot funt germina minora, quot loculamenta perfetta, in faucibus foraminum five lacunarum fita. This tree is planted in moft parts of America, both for its beauty and productions : it grows generally in the low lands, and rifes frequently to a confiderable height, bearing all its foliage at the top, like the reft of the kind. This confifts of many {trong ribs, furnifhed with long narrow leaves folded lengthways, which rife in a con- a tinued sap THE NATURAL HIS PORY tinued feties on bboth-fides; ‘and fpread-veryevenly both ways. Thefe ribs {hoot grá- dually from the top ; and as the younger ones ftretch out fufficiently to raife the fap; the lower ones decline, wither away gradually, and fall off in time. The flowers of this tree tife in fpreading bunches from the ale of the ribs, and are fupported by fo many large branched foot-ftalks: thefe, while young, are very thickly befet with bloffoms, and covered with a fimple, thick, fibrous /patha or feath, of an oblong form; pointed at the top, and moderately contracted at the bottom. ^ When all the: parts of the flowets ‘have gained a.due degree of perfection, the /patha fplits on the under fide, from the -bottom upwards, and expofes the common bunch, with all its flowers, to the open air: moft of thefe are males, and fall off gradually-as the jpatha withers, leaving the embryo fruit, which is generally fixed to the lower and ftronger part of the (talk, to increaíe and ripen gradually. Thele grow very large in time, and are compofed of thick &brous hufks, ‘containing fo many large, hollow nuts; which, in moft of the tribe, are trilocular: though ‘in this, as well as fome of the other fpecies, two of the cells are obliterated, and the third only comes to perfection. The nut or fhell is formed of a hard compact fubftance, and filled with a fweetifh water, while young; but as the fruit advances in its growth, this depofites a foft gelatinous cruft upon the fides of the fhell, which hardens gradually with age, until at length it acquires a ftrong concretedotex~ ture, and then it isnot unlike the fübítance of an almond, either im tafte‘or: éénfifténce. The water contained in the nuts, is very pleafant while they-efe young, ‘and ‘generally looked upon as one of the greateft daintics.of America ; but, as they grow old, theliquor grows more fharp and cooling, and-far'more.agrceable to over: heated habits!’ The kernel is very nourifhing, and máy be: ufed inftead: of almorids, in milks, emulfions, and apozems ; and with greater propriety, as it may be always had frefh. The mells ferve for drinking and water cups; and the hufks, which are very fibrous, are made into various forts of cordage, in fome of the eaft- ern parts of the world; but in Jamaica they are only ufed to ícour the floors. The leaves of this tree are ufed for thatch, upon occafions ; and the tender fhoots at the top afford a pleafant green, or cabbage: the outward part of the trunk is made into lattings; and the juice obtained by tapping it about the top, being mixed and fermented with molofles, affords a very pleafant wholefome fpirit, which differs but very little from arack. At the bottom of the ribs, we find a coarfe fi- brous net-work, that ferves for {trainers ; and" the kernel is frequently rafped, and inade into fritters and fmall cakes ^ ^^ n nas reb eit “Phe roots of the tree are very lender, fimple; and flexile; they rife feparately from the bottom of the trunk, and fpread from thence in all directions; fome rua- ning to à great depth in the ground, while others creep almoft parallel to the furface, ;« PALMA a. Caudice :altiffme, ad. imulum turgido; pinnis inferné vaginan- ut triv uA qoe? 3 , A TA. MEN tibus; foliis anguflis replicatis; fruélu minori. ax p Caunga, HH. M. Pagh & 5. ur c. o MM Barladus Cabbage Tree. This is the rhoft beautiful tree I have ever feen, and may be very lawfully efteem- ed thé queen of the woods : 3t grows to a very confiderable fize (a); rifes by a tall. ftraight trunk, which bilges moderately at fome diftance above the root; and thoots by a ftraight cylindric tapering body from thence to. the top, where it fpreads intó a large’ ánd^beautiful foliage, not unlike that of the Cocco-nut tree, |The lower part of each rib is pretty broad in this plant, and formed into a fheath; which embraces. all thofe that, grow between it and the center; fo that they continue the form of ‘the trunk ‘for ome fpace: above the real fummit of the ftem, from whence it throws out, on oppofite fides, two large-branched bunches, well be- E Ray makes mention of one of thle ti that Wad Oblérved to. brow to. HE HEHE OF 270 feet, fet y^ GUN v Se eee Y A OOTE I HF AMIATA HH 344 fet with-mixed flowers: but thefe continue covered by a fimple fatha, until all the partsiare ready for the operations of generation... Both the bunch, and fheath refem- ble thefe -of the Cocco/nut palm very much; Büt the fpatha of this is more foft and délicate, and the banch more fertile and ‘Spreading ; ; tho’ the fruit is very fmall, andifelddm: exceeds tho fize of an Englifh pea. odthe feeds of this beautiful plant were firft carried to Famaica, by the prefent go- verhor, His Excellency Admiral Knowles ; and it has been fince cultivated tbere with greàt care, The lower part of ‘the inwárd ribs, and the embryo leaves, are very ten- dér; and, when: boiled, become a delicate viholefome green, which is generally called cabbage in all the colonies :. but this fpecies is chiefly planted for its beauty, and feldom.or never cut down for. that, or any other ufe.. «PALMA. 3. Pisis inferne vaginantibus, caudice équali artnulato Jii kiri: Palha emi i-e mon [pinofa, fruttu pruniformi mindri, &c. Slo. Cat, 176. i Het 215. pmo THe Jamaica Cabbage Tree. “This plant is UH in moft of the fugar-iflands, and grows cdmitioh'y toa moderate fize. The body‘ of the tree is generally pretty tall, upright, and even; and throws out its flowers (like the foregoing) immediately únder thé column form- ed by the fhieáthed bottorns- of the ribs: thefe, in the fize and difpofition, as well as in the form of. both their bunches and covers, até very like thofe of the Barbadoes Palm ; and its foliage (like thofe of that plant) affords a delicate wholefome g which ds commonly called: Mountain-Cabbage, in the fugar-iflands; and for. ich it is generally ent down. -Fhe outwatd part of the tree is ufed for lathing, and boards for dut-houfes: the feéds ferve to feed the wild hogs in the feafon; and the /pathas are pe id made into inatts by the ‘négroes. e PALMA Ae Ae bes ne Pei ret candice tereti aculeatifin 320; fram ` elms fines viiner, baa diet gracili. “Blo. Cat. 178. & H, ii. 121. Geil o se. — BÓ "The prickly Pole. : P Tbis Mende tree is ét corhttion iti. the inlaid Wd P. F Yánaita, AE Tupplics the wild hogs with abundance of food, Whén its berries are in feafon. - ]t is feldom above four inches and a half in diameter, tho’ it. nerally rifes to the height of twelve or fifteen feet: bat both the leaves and flowers are difpoied like thofe of the cabbage tree, The outward part of the trunk is extremely hard and elaftic, and looks much like whalebone ; it is vety fit for bows and rammers. PALMA 5. Caudice aculeatifime, pinnis àd ätgines pim, js fnittibus má- gufculis, — Palma Spinofa a mur fructu pruniformi, &c. Slo. Cat. 178. &H. The Mackaw Tree. This tree is very common in moft of thé fugai-colonies and; the rind. ok the fruit which is pretty thick, yields a fattifh labilsbon atate, or inferior to, the a oil. The trunk is ufed for lathing; and the feeds, which are of a black:colour about the fize of walnuts, and bear a fine » polit, a are Mine; made into ends by thé negroes. - PALMA 6: dinis estie eet, fiat j ples antibui hib e Pis vi ipfa FHS miei &c. ‘Slo, Cat, yas EH i ums H de E pu The 244... T ILEANA T URAL 1S: THOR The Thatch Tree. | The leaves of this tree are frequently ufed for thatch, and eckondd better than thofe of the other forts, for that purpofe, . The outfide of the trunk is ufed, inftead of other boards, for the walls of out-houfes: it is very bard, and bullet-proof, PALMA 7. Pinnis € caudice ubique aculeatiffimis, Jruétu majujculo. Palma tota Jpinofa major, &c. Slo. Cat. 177. & H. ii. 119. An, Palma fructu pruniformi luteo aleofo ejufdem. C, 175. & H. 113. tab. 214. The Great Mackaw Tree: The fruit of this kind differs but little from that.of the.fmall Mackaw:. tree: the hufks of both are full of oil, and the nut black and (hining. The negroes fay, that this is the tree which yields the true palm-oil: the outfideof the trunk is made into laths, bows, and darts; like thofe of fome of the other {pecies. . PALMA 8, PEE Jii. brevioribus Lada gaf madee aA infimis breviffimis & in Spinas quafi 1648 tb ee l 0077 Phannix, Lin G.&H.C Palma iioi major Ta &c.. Slo. Cat, Tod. & H. 1, 11. T he Date Tree. This tree is now cultivated pretty much in Jamaica: the fruit is very. wholefome: ( and fupplies a principal part of the fuftenance of many people; particularly in the ifland of Socotra, where the berries are frequently ftoned and preíerved. The liquor that runs from the over-ripe fruit, ferments and becomes vinous; and if the trunk be tapped near the top, it pole a quer: of j ae whiti ees ST da y and makes good wine, S/o. Ax xx 1 PHARUS 1. Foliis uror Roc iy rni ita contortis, ut ad- S pagind Joha fimper Celum refpiciant. f..3. Kir amen avenaceum isan foliis latifimis, Slo. Cat. j Wild Oats. ! Flores alit mafculini, alii feminini in edem plant. Mas. /Periahiiüm. Gluna bivalvis, brevis, fimplex. Nü illum < Corolla Nulla, Pift. Stam. ` Filamenta Sex brevia: anthers angu/la linge. FOlnini -Beriantium, Gluma bivalvis fimplex, . Gluma : univalvis, oblonga, angufla, etate rigida Ga tergo, -~ ime inflar exafperata. i Stamina Nulle, Piftillum: Germen parvum, oblongum, intra Parolla —— elaufum ; ftylus longitudine floris, bifidus; vel trifidus; ftig- mata oblonga cirrbofa. This plant is pretty frequent. in a the woody hills of Jamaica, and reckoned a hearty'wholefome food for alb forts of cattle, The male flowers are fmaller than the female ones, and ftands on pretty long foot- -ftalks at the back of the others, 2 TERE- REM TT EE E uro EAEN AAA EET RP » "n mer NP OLEIN A MAA’ T CHAJ H T. dee TEREBINTHUS 1. Foliis cordato-ovatis pinnatis, cortice levi Mitis oribus mafculinis fpicatis. Piftacia foliis pinnatis deciduis, foliolis ovatis. L. Sp. Plie i Terebenthus major Betula cortice, &c.... Slo. Cat. 167. & H. Sima-ruba. L. M. Med. 23; d o, Bor. The Birch or Turpentine. Tree. Flores alii mafculini, alii feminini, 42 eadem planta. Mas. Periantium Minimum quinquedentatum. Corolla bah aE es ad bafim fere in quinque lacinias Moneta TIT Stam. Pinea decem brevia; antheræ globo. i Piftillum Nu//um. Obf. Aliquando corolla mafculina demittit, quintam generationis partem, Femina, q 4 e Periantium ? — Corolla Uso PME. ME RE ath Pericarpium. Bacca fubtrigono-ovata, tribus lineis Whe inal notata, untlocularis, trivalvis fucco. Terebenthenaceo turgida, e ~ nucleo unico turbinato, referta. This tree is very common in all the fugar-iflands. ‘The bark is very thick, and ex- fudes a clear and traníparent refiny which hardens foon.in the air, and looks much like the maftic of the fhops: but it yields a confiderable quantity of a more fluid fubftance, by incifion; which has much of the fmell and appoi of turpentine, and may be ufed for the fame purpoíes with fucceís. The bark of the root of this tree is thought to be the Sima: rouba of the fhops; which is the moft effe&ual remedy we have yet known in, bloody-fluxes: it is-ad- miniftered in decoctions; and one or two drachms is fufficient for a quart of wa- ter; for if it be ftrong, - it urges, or omit; ; and does not, in fuch cafes, ftop thofe difcharges. witho Ge rond certainty . * SAGITTARIA 1. Foliis maximis, VÉ n Jis produttis ; ramulis verticillatis y caule glabro. The great American Arrow-head, with large oblong leaves; This plant is very common about moft of the ftagnating waters in Yamaica, pars ticularly thofe near the Ferry. The ftem grows very luxuriant, in-general, and rifes frequently to the height of two or three feet above the foliage, The branches of the lower verticille feldom excéed three in number, and ate generally fubdivi the fame manner themíelves;. but thofe of the pe iò orders confift. chicfly of five long fimple flower-ftalks, and thofe about the top of three only. The Rowers that grow about: the extremities of the ftem and branches, are generally male, and adorned with a great number of filaments, which are always obferved to ftand on longer foot-ftalks than the female flowers, ‘which commonly occupy the lower part of the main, as well as of the nem gc cm Both the'ftalk and brangias are fmooth and todos * an 5 CERATOPHYLLUM 1 " “Foliis wertivillatis e AU urs, malti Vfarian i in- c etf laciniis conicis acutis. ao Staph latin L. Sp: APL heb, io grow 2: dasiga 2 Fhe: ‘Morals, or Morafi-weed,: E aem ES 4U "P qm 46 TH EANATUR!AL HISTORY "E his plant às very common in all the brackifh waters in Jamaicas and generally ufed to cover whatever fih or water- plants they carry a long way to market; for it retains a deal of moifture, which keeps them frefh and cool for a confiderable time. It may be alfo uled, with great íucceís, to cover the we feeds of the Cacao, for a few days after they a are planted: QORX EUS- Je Stipulis ovatis obtufis, L. Sp- Pl. "The Hafel- Tree. .. This fhrub, like the following, was introduced to Jamaica. from Europe : but it does not thrive in any part of the ifland ; and feldom sifes above a foot and a balf, or two feet in height; even in the mountains, JUGLANS 1. Foliis cuali glabris, fubferratis £3 Jubequalibus; ` Smilax caule aculeato teretiufculo, foliis inermibus ovato-cordatis. Is.Sp. Pl. Smilax Indica fpinofa, folio Cinnamomi, &c. Mut. & Thez. Zey. p. 214. An, Smilax afpera Bermudienfis, &c. Pk, t. 110. f. 6. The China-root Plant. This plant is frequent in the more cool inland parts of Yamaica. It grows wild, rifes from a thick porous root, and climbs by a pretty flender rigid ftem, to the top of the talleft trees in the woods; this is adorned with a few prickles towards the bottom, divides into many branches at the top, and throws-out its winding tendrels from the foot-ftalks of the leaves. The root is commonly ufed in Jamaica, and obferved to anfwer as well as that from the Haf- Indies : it is of a theathing nature, and a very fit ingredient in all diluting apozems. ^ 77 BN The plant may be eafily propagated, fo as to fupply the Buropean'markets, if the medicine was in any general repute: but, at prefent, what grows wild, is more than, fufficient to fupply the inhabitants; and ferves frequently to feed the hogs, which are faid to live chiefly upon it, when thete is a fearcity of wild fruit, 1 zR D 2 SMILAX 2. Afpera, foliis trinerolis oblongis, petiolis bielaviculatis, Smilax Virginiana, Jpinis innocuis armata. PE, Phy. t. 110. f. §: vont Senes HXUImTPSO Dd MOL E TRO See. uir PEGiTis The prickly Smilax, with flender roots. |. | ` "This plant is pretty like the foregoing; but the roots are fmall, and divided int a number of flender branches. It is very like the Sarpa! parilla of Pifo. pag. 258. i SUOS OTN DR Gar A HT x LT ET US SRL Ar Eny ^" BIOSCOREA 1. Foliis ‘cordatis, caule VAA HARRO bilbifero. "L: Sp. Pl, Volubilis nigra radice tuberofa compreffa, &c. Slo. Cat. 46. E DIOSCOREA 2. Foliis cordatis, caule alato: bulbifero.. L.Sp.Pl. ks Volubilis nigra radice alba aut purpurea, &c. Slo, Cat. 46, The Yam. ` Both thefe plants ate cultivated for food, the roots, which grow very large, being mealy and eafy of digeftion: they are generally both dry: and ‘palatable, and not in- ferior to any of thofe now in ufe, either in delicacy, flavour, or matter of nourifh- ment. Both plants are propagated by the piece ; but thefe muft be cut fo as to have a little of the fkin upon them, by which alone they germinate; for the roots have no apparent gems, but caft out their weakly ftems from every part of the furface alike, They are put into convenient holes (two or three in each) v hich ngeoelly dug pretty regular, and about a foot and a half or two feet fquare : thefe are gre bh FESTIVE c i60 THE NATURAL HISTORY filled from. the: adjoining ;bapnks, and the whole. piece cóvered with cane- trath; which ferves: to keep the ground cool and frefh,. and to prevent the growth of weeds, from which thefe plants muft be carefully preferved, ‘until they grow fufficiently to cover the mould themíelves. They are planted commonly in Augufti, and are generally ripe about November or December following. - When the roots are dug up,, the people Mould be careful not to wound them, or but as little as,poflible;, for fuch ás;are cut throw out their fprouts very early, and are feldom fit for any thing but planting, if they hold out even till that feafon comes on. After they ate dug Up, they are rubbed over with athes, from the copper-holes, or other fires, and piled regularly on convenient beds, or hurdles, raifed above: the floor, fo that the air may come eafily between them: but, where they are heaped in great quantities, care fhould be taken to ftrew fome ahes between the-layers. DIOSCOREA 4. Foliis cordatis, caule levi rotundo... radi? Diofcoreà folts cordatis, caule levi. Ta FIO: & Sp. Pl. Fagopirum /candens feu volubilis nigra major, &c. ~ Slo. Cat. 46. ' soThewild Yam” ses This plant grows wild in the inland woods of Jamaica, and bears very large cap- fules.. It is not put to any ufe in that ifland. ; CARICA 1. Fronde comofa, foltis peltato-lobatis, lobis varie finuatis. Carica foliorum lobis fiuuatis, L., Sp. Pl. & H.C. | Papaia major fore C3. fructu majoribus, &c. Slo. Cat. 202. . Papaia mas © femina, &c. . Thez. Zey. & H, M, ii. Gig. yy ^c u Arbor Melonifera. Bontii 96. & Pino-guagu. Pif159. - ID won all Lay Thepapas Te ss s This tree grows wild in many parts of ‘famaica, : and is eafily. : afily propagated both by the feeds and layers. It admits of many changes both in the fize and figure of its fruit; but I take the different appearances to’ be only varieties of the fame fpecies, The trees are, fome male, others female: in this, the flowers are pretty large, and grow in clufters among the leaves, on the upper part of the trunk: in that, they are fmaller, and grow on long branched fupporters that ftretch a good way out, between the foot-ftalks of the leaves, which are feldom under one or two feet. in length, -hollow, and of a proportioned thicknefs, The tree is full of an acrid milky juice, which is commonly faid to cure the ring-worms; but how true this affertion may be, 1 am not. able to determine. The feeds are round and rugged, pretty much of the fize and make of black pepper; and always inveloped in a foft gelatinous fubftance within the fruit: they have a fharp biting tafte, much like that of muftard, and are faid to bring away worms from children. The fruit, when ripe, has a pleafant fweetifh tafte, and is much liked by many people; but, while young, it is commonly ufed for fauce, and when boiled and mixed with lime-juice and fugar, is not unlike, or much inferior to that made of real apples, for which it is commonly fubftituted: "The tree is very foft and fucculent, and lives but a few years; but never fhoots into branches unlefs it be broke while young. Water im- pregnated with the milky juice of this tree, is thought to make all forts of meat wafhed in it very tender; but eight or ten minutes fteeping, it is faid, will make it fo foft, that it will drop in pieces from the fpit before it is well roafted ; or turn foon to rags in the boiling. CARICA 2. Sylveftris minor, lobis minus divifis, caule fpinis inermibus op- Carica foliorum lobis integris. L. Sp. Pl. The Dwarf Papaw. 4 | This á Elo ai i ei i i i li ers ntn nnn n MM QUE T A M-A EC A 36i This plant is pretty frequent in the road thro' May-day hills; but it feldom rifes above four or five fect in height. BERNARDIA 1. Fruticofa, foliis tomentofis ovatis ferratis alternis. Bernardia Carpini folio erecta. Houk. The fhrubby Bernardia, with villous leaves. Flores, aliis mafculini, 2/7/s feminini, Mas. E finu fingule fquame amenti five pice, emergit corolla monopetala, in tres lacinias oblongas revolutas, ad bafim fere fetta: alia nulla, Stamina. Filamenta plura, viginti circiter, ad bafin in unum corpus cy- lindraceum breve adnata; anthere /ubrotunde. Femina. Periantium Campanulatum, germini fuppofitum, quinquedentatum ; laciniis tribus majoribus. Corolla Nula. Stamina Nulla. Piftillum. Germen fubrotundum, trilobum, villofum; ftylus vix ullus; ftig- mata ¢ria, compreffa, lacera. Pericarpium. Capfula fubrotunda, obtusé triloba, trilocularis, trifpermis. BERNARDIA 2. Fruticofa, foliis fubrotundis nitidis confertis floribus affociatis. The fhrubby Bernardia, with fmooth leaves and flender flower-ftalks. Mas; Periantium — Monopbyllum villofum, in quinque lacinias. lanceolatas reflexas ad bafim fectum. . Corolla, Nulla. Stamina. Filamenta plura brevia: anthere ovate. : Femina. Periantium, Ut in mare. Corolla Nulla. Stam. Nulla. Pift. Germen fubrotundum ; ftyli nulli; ftigmata triloba lacera. T Pericarpium. Capfula fubrotunda, obtufé triloba, trilocularis, trifpermis. This little fhrub is common in all the low lands about King/fon, and rifes gene- rally to the height of eight or ten feet. ADELIA 1. Foliis obovatis, oppofitis; fpicillis alaribuss cortice cinereo. Tab. 36.1. 2. The fhrubby Adelia, with fmooth leaves, Flores, in aliis mafculini, in aliis feminini. Mas. Periantum — Biphbyllum minimum. Corolla Monopetala quadripartita patens, Stamina. Filamenta e pelvi floris, plura. Femina. Que? sA This 46 THE NATURAE HISTORY This fhrub is common in the low gravelly hills- eaftward of Kzzg//on: it rifes fometimes to the height of eight or ten feet, and throws out a number of flender branches, adorned with many leaves, difpofed in an oppofite order; from whofe ala: fhoot fo many fmall flower-fpikes. All parts of the plant are of a whitith colour, GIGALOBIUM 1. Scandens, claviculum; foliis, bipinnatis ovatis; filiqua maxima. Phafeolus maximus perennis, &c. Slo. Cat. 68. Lens Phafeoloides, foliis fubrotundis oppofitis, &c. 'Thez, Zey. 139. Perein-kaku-valli, H. M. viii. t. 32, 3, 4. The Cocoon. Flores, in aliis mafculini, ¿n alitis feminini, ; 2 Flores mafculini fpicati funt, [picis axillaribus vel Sparfis. Periantium Minimum cyathiforme quinquedentatum. Corolla . Pentapetala; petalis parvis, erectis, oblongis. B Stamina. Filamenta plurima corollé lengiora ; anthere globofee. ^ Femina. Pericarpium, Corolla, flamina, @ piftillum defiderantur. Pericarpium. Legumen maximum, longifimum, compreffum, varie contor- © o0 v tum, untloculare,. bivalve. gui TRUM Semina Pura, orbiculata, fubcomprefa, cortice ligneo, duro, fufco, nitido- Eon que tecla. HE D | : ` "This plant is frequent in moft of the woods on the north fide of Yamaica, and climbs with great eafe to the top of the talleft trees; where it frequently fpreads over many of the neighbouring branches, and forms itfelf into pO fhady arbours, The withes are flender, but tough dei flexile, and fuftain themfelves by a number of tendrels: they are very fpreading in their growth, and adorned with {mall pinnated leaves. The fhe-plants throw out their flowers feparate, and are fucceeded by fo many pods; the largeft of the kind known: they grow commonly from four to fix or feven feet in length, and about four inches in breadth ; always flat, and feldom ftraight; but twift and writhe varioufly as they grow in length. The feeds are round, compreffed, and covered with a hard, {mooth, lignous brown fhell, . JUNIPERUS 1. Foliolis inferioribus ternis, fuperioribus binis, decurrentibus, patulis. L., Sp. Pl. an potius, Cities Juniperus foliolis omnibus; quadrifariam imbricatis; junioribus ovatis, fenio- | ribus acutis, Roy.& L. Sp. Pl. = - Edi The Bermudas Cedar. This is a native of Yamaica, and grows very plentifully in moft of the Blue Mountains, where it is frequently cut down for planks, and other conveniencies. It is a good timber-wood, and admired for its fmell, lightnefs, and clofe even grain. At is very fit for wainfcoting, and all the inward parts of cabinet- work, Eli JO! PP A MAA T CV A, 363 e Co odio AU adios on ee LL, Of the Polygamia, or Vegetables that have both herma- phrodite and male or female Flowers on tlie fame . ftems. a vata ita Ce mio F Of Jech as have both male and female, with fome ufelefs parts of either USA 1. Spadice nutanti, fru&tu triquetro oblongo majori. Mufa fpadice nutanti. L. Sp. Pl. & Mula racemo fimplicifimo, H.C. . Mufa caudice viridi, fructu longiori faleato, &c. Slo, Cat. 189. Mufa Serapi. : 9 ficus Indica. Muf. & 'Thez, Zey. Yagua. «Mart. 417. © “Bala. H.M. iii. t. 12, 13, 14. The Plantane Tree. - "This plant is cultivated with great care in all our fugar-colonies, where the fruit fupplies the principal part of the fuftinence both by the negroes and poorer fort of white people. It thrives beft in a cool, rich and moift foil; and is commonly planted in regular walks or fields ; it is propagated by the fhoots, and planted at convenient diftances from each other ; but, as the root throws up a number of young layers every year, the {paces between the firft plants are left pretty confiderable. The trunk or ftem of this tree is made up of a fmall fpungy heart, covered with the thick fibrous vagine formed by the foot-flalks of the leaves, infolding each other as they recede from the centre. Bat the heart, at length, fhoots above the foliage, and throws out a large flower-fpike adorned with a great number of bloffoms joined in clufters, and inclofed in their feveral fpathe, which are afterwards fuccceded by fo many diftin& oblong berries; When thefe are ripe and fall, or are taken off, the . flem decays gradually, and the root begins to throw up yo $, by which oung ; the kind is again renewed : but left the growth of thefe houd be retarded by the exhalations of the old ftalk, it is ufually cut down near the root, when the fruit is taken off, which gives a ftronger and quicker growth to the new plants, The fruit is generally ufed, when full grown, but before it ripens: it is com- monly peeled and.roafted, and thus fetved at table, or diftributed among the ne- groes, by whom it is moftly afed; tho’ many of the whites do really prefer them to any other bread-kind, efpecially while young and tender. "The negroes generally boil them with other meffes, as falt-fith, beef, pork, pickle, or crabs, &c. and find them. a hearty wholefome food. As the fruit ripens, it becomes foft and fweetifh, and is then generally made into tarts; or fliced and fryed with butter, and thus férved up in plates, — . The juice of the tree is a very rough aftringent; but its cooling leaves are gene- rally ufed to dreís blifters, in thofe parts of the world: and, when dried, are made into matts of different forts; or frequently employed to ftuff matrefles, “MUSA 2. Spadice nutanti, frudtu breviori oblongo. Mufa caudice maculata, fructu recio, &c. Slo, Cat, 192. & H, The Banana Tree, y | This dà THEANATURML HISTORY This plant is alfo propagated in all our fugar-colonies, tho’ feldom cultivated by any but thofe that have a particular fancy for the fruit of it, which, when ripe, is {weet, clammy, and foft ; but it lies heavy upon the ftomach. It is faid to kill the worms in children. MUSA 3. Spadice erecto, fpatbis rigidis amplexantibus diftiché B alternatim Lis i Mufa fpadice ereto. L. Sp. Pi. & Bibai. Plum. Gen. t. 5. Mufa bumilior foliis minoribus nigricantibus, &c. Slo. Cat, 193. 'The wild Plantane Tree. This beautiful plant grows wild in moft of the. cooler mountains of famaica; and thrives very luxuriantly in every rich and well-(haded gully among the woods. In its growth and leaves it perfectly refembles the other fpecies; but it differs very widely from them in the form and ftructure of the more effential parts; for which reafon 1 have been induced to give the characters of it here at large. Spadix fimplex, ereétus; floribus fafciculatis. Spathe, fingulis fafciculis fingule, communes, alterne, rigide, acuminate, erecto-patentes, ad latera comprelhe, amplexantes, diftiché fite. Flores fafciculati, equales & confimiles, fbatbis propriis membranaceis mino- ribus diftinétt, intra fpathas communes reconditi. Periantium Proprium nullum. Corolla, Uz in vulgari. Stamina. Filamenta quinque, (cum rudimento: fexti neclario adnato) longi- tudine fere floris, ab infima parte petali orta, & antheris oblon- i gis anguftts donata: anthera rudimenti vero imperfecta eff. Piftllum. Germen oblongum, obtufe trigonum, florem fuflinens, ftylus fim- TOR ~ plex, longitudine floris; ftigma acutum. | Pericarp. Bacca fucculenta, cerulea, fubrotunda, obtufa & obtufe-triloba, trilocularis. Y EE. uy uo. Semina Solitaria oblonga, naucis ligneis rugofis teta. In the bloffoms of this plant we find five perfect filaments fhooting from the bottom of the real flower-leaf, and one imperfect filament from tbe nectarium, Bat, in the others, it is quite the contrary, for five of the filaments are imperfect ; and the only one that is otherwife rifes from the zecfarium. In this fpecies the berries are {mall and fucculent, and contain three hard rugged feeds each; but, in the others, the fruit is covered with a thick fkin, which contains a {oft pulpy fub ftance. | ANDROPOGON r. Polydactylon affurgens fpicis tenuioribus birfutis. Gramen Dacylon elalius, &c. Si, H. t. 65. f. 2* & Pluck. t. 245. f. r. Gramen dadctyloides deorfum ariftatis. Thez. Zey. t. 47. The erect Andropogeon with many (lender fpikes. In this fpecies the fpikes are generally from feven to eleven, and rife immediately from the top of the ftalk: they are all (lender and flowered underneath, the parts of which are as follow, viz. Periantium Duplex. Exterius. Gluma uniflora bivalvis, valvis oblongis. Interius. S Gluma bivalois * valvula altera major carinata, Jetá terminata ; altera minor inferne contracta, rotundata, circulo pilofo notata, fuperne ampliata excavata &à arifa ter- niei uos. Corolla Gluma bivalvis; valvulis oblongis fimplicibus, valvuld majori ca- licis proprii obvolutis, ANDRO- Oli Fi OAIMSAA T. © £A. 365 © ANDROPOGON 2. Z4venaceum affurgens, panicula laxa lanuginofa. P M MN panicula nutante, artflis tortuofis levibus, calicinis birfutis. L. Sp. Pl. & Gramen avenaceum, &c. Slo. Cat. 35. & H. t. 14. Sour-Grafs. "Obf. In bac fpecie, Periant: Gluma eff bivalvis, valvulis oblongis tomentofís. Corolla Etiam bivalvis efl, valvulis oblongis levibus (altera alterain am- plexante) Semenque:znvolventibus. he roots and leaves of this plant, pounded and applied externally, are obferv- ed to cure fores and ulcers of all forts with more certainty than moft other things uled for that purpofe. It is a ftrong deterfive and agglutinant; and, doubtleís, would make an excellent’ ingredient in vulnerary apozems and infufions, Simples of this kind, and all thofe in general that are ofa ftimulating nature, have been always obíerved to anfwer much better in thofe parts, than ointments and regular dreflings ; nor is it unnatural, where the ftate of the habit is fo much relaxed. ANDROPOGON 3. Altifimum gracile; paniculá tenui G longiori, fbicis plurimis gradatim nafcentibus, floribus confertis. "The flender Andropogon, with long fpikes. This plant is frequent in Sz. E//zabetb's: it has but a flender ftem, and rifes ge- nerally to a moderate height. "Phe flowers are placed in diftant tufts on long hairy foot-ftalks; and the ca/ycine glumes which are alfo hairy, terminate in long briftles. ANDROPOGON? 4. Erettum, montanum; IS odo multiplici comofá & lanuginofé. Andropogon panicule fpicis conjugatis ovatis. L.Sp. Pl? / Gramen daétylon bicorne tomentofum maximum. Slo. Cat. 33. & H. t. 15. Andropogon panicule fpicis d ; flofculis bafi lanatis, folio fpathaceo | oboolutis. L. fa sm if Miao) arme SSRE S T CE p sw 5df nofi go : : tin-Grafi pn Cj: this plant the foot-ftalks of the flowers are covered with a long white down; and the fpicilli, which rife by ws on long erect RM. fcern to men ina a kind of: an a at the. tap. Sal ME n VESTE OM: -AHIJAH ANDROPOGON y. Miama foicilli ternis vel quatermis, pitt, : fummo caule difpofitis; valvul majori in ariftam barbatam definente. < Gramen dattylon bicorne minimum. Slo, Cat. 34. & H. The {mall upright Andropogon. Obf. Gluma altera floralis etiam arifiata efl. - ANDROPOGON 6. Majus, paniculd Sparfa, fpicis fimplicibus ningit ari- tis ty ne fco is plurimis qnum, articulatis levibus. utrinque ariflatis. , Gramer daétylon majus Puce ined, &c. Slo. Cat. 34. & H. t. 69. - ji -The larger Andropogon, with a loofe panicle. ` _ _ Obf. Valvula corolle altera in arifiam tenuem barbatam definit. m ;B vlt ANDRO- ~ dé TH EAN A TUURA HS TORY ANDROPOGON 7. Minus, paniculd fparfá, fpicillis fimplicibus alternatis bexacetis. The fmaller Andropogon, with fix briftles to every flower. Obf. Gluma exterior, © calycis © corolle, in tres fetas definit. ANDROPOGON 8. Polydaétylon, fpicis paucioribus birfutis, medio pedun- culato. The larger polydaétylous Andropogon. The flower-fpikes of this plant are generally from four to feven, fituated at the extremity of the ftalk ; and each of the calycine glumes terminates in a flender beard. ANDROPOGON 9. Minus paniculd fparfa, fpicilis paucioribus fimplicibus alternatis. The fmaller Andropogon, with. a loofe fpreading panicle. This little grafly plant is frequent about Old-barbour, The outward glume of the flower is tripartite at the top, and ends in three rugged briftles, HOLCUS 1. Sylvaticus minor, paniculá fparfa, foliis brevioribus lanceolato- ovatis. Panicum miliaceum viride, foliis latis brevibus, &c. Slo. t. 72. f. 3. The fmaller Wood-Grafs. This little plant is very common in the woods of famazca, and agrees, for the moft part, with the Guinea grafs, both in the arrangement and formation of its flowers. The ftalk and leaves are excellent fodder for all forts of cattle, and the - feeds ferve to feed the fmaller forts of birds. HOLCUS 2. Major affurgens, culmo compreffo, fpicá laxd fpatiofa. 3 Guinea Grals. This plant, like the Scotch grafs, is frequently cultivated in Jamaica, to fupply their ftabled and working cattle with food. It is planted, like the other, by the joint or gem, and alfo by the root; but does not require near fo much moifture, and is reckoned a more hearty fodder. It is not fo much cultivated in the ifland as a plant of this nature ought to be; for the lands about the towns are too fubject to droughts to produce it in any perfection; and the people in the other parts of the country, who have not the fame profpe& of gain, are too indolent not to make any fhift, ra- ther than be at the trouble of planting it ; never confidering how much time and labour is loft annually in feeking for other fodder, which is neither fo good, nor can be fo eafily obtained; nor do they ever confider the loffes they fuftain in ftock, for the want of abundance of good wholefome food. | The characters of this plant agree pretty well with thofe of the Panicum, in ge- neral: but the flowers commonly grow very luxuriant, and, though often herma- phrodite, are generally obferved to be diftin& males and females, furrounded by fe- parate zzvolucra, and ftanding on diftin&t footftalks within the fame cups. They are as follow : Periantium, | Gluma quadrivalois: extima minima, ad tergum proxime polita; intermedia oppofite, cblonge, cochlearis inflar exca- vate; quarta interior, membranacea, oblonga. Di Corolla, Gluma bivalvis, florem bermapbroditum vel femineum ampleéttens. Stamina QUE 1 Y! A! MAD gh OVA. 367 Stamina, Intra florem, quandoque tria, quandoque nulla: ut plurimum ta- men reperitur flamen unum vel alterum extra florem, inter val- vulam interiorem © proximam exteriorem. calycis. Anthere oblonga compreffa, Pift. Germen oblongum: ftylus quandoque unicus, quandoque biduus. Stig- mata purpurea cirrofa. Semen Oblongum., CENCHRUS 1. Spica oblonga fimplici echinata. Cenchrus /pica oblonga conglomerata Roy. L. Sp. Pl. Gramen ¢chinatum maximum fpica rubra vel alba. Slo. Cat. 30. & H. pag. 108. The Cenchrus, with a fimple oblong panicle, and multipartite cups. This is one of the moft common forts of grafs in the open paftures of Jamaica, and is looked upon both as a wholefome and pleafant food for all forts of cattle. CENCHRUS 2. Spica oblonga grabra, calycibus rigidis quadripartitis, inci- Juris apertis, laciniis acuminatis. The Cenchrus, with a fimple fpike and quadripartite cups. This grows with the former, and, like that, is fed upon by all forts of cattle. ATRIPLEX 1. Inermis rubens, foliis cordato-ovatis venofis, petiolis longis, Spica terminali verticillat å. The fmooth red Calal, This is a pleafant wholefome green, and frequently ufed as fuch in every part of Jamaica. lt grows in all the gardens and rich open fpots round the ifland. ATRIPLEX 2, Erecía minima, ad alas florida. : The {mall ere& Zfripiex. — This little plant is very common in the gardens about Kingffon, and feldom rifes above one or two inches in height. It fhoots into bloffom after every rain, and al- ways bears a great number of flowers at the ala of the leaves, n opr E ee CERT T OUR. AVING now claffed and difpofed thofe Vegetables, whofe flowers we have feen and examined; I (hall endeavour to give fome account of thofe few, whofe characters I have not been hitherto able to obtain, and are yet too confide- rable to be wholly omitted. SPIGELIA 1. Foliis oblongis obovatis nitidis pinnatis, cortice glabro cinereo. The Baftard Cabbage- T ree. Flores, in aliis mafculini, zm aliis feminini dicuntur. ` Mas. Defderatur. Femina. 8 THE (NATURAL HIS TORY Femina. Periantium ? Corolla ? Stamina ? ! Piftillum. Germen ovatum; ftylus brevis, attenuatus; fügma acutum. Pericarpium. Drupa carnofa, firma, ovata, lined longitudinali lateraliter notata, untlocularis, monofpermis. Semen. Nucleus bilobus ovatus, membrana tenui obvolutus, S nauco ligneo glabro, lined longitudinal lateraliter notato, tecius. This tree grows to a very confiderable fize, and is reckoned among the beft tim- . ber-trees of the ifland; for which purpofes it is frequently cut down in all parts of the country. The bark is faid to bea very powerful anthelmintic, and is frequently given for that purpofe in powders and decections both to men and beaíts 3 but it operates very violently, and, for that teafon,.is not inuch ufzd among the whites. ARBOR 2. Foliis obovato-oblongis, fpicillis alaribus y ligno duriffimo, ex Jub- | luteo © fufco variegato, i ouia ask SS Pigeon- Wood. * Ped: T. "This fhrubby tree is greatly efteemed on account of its wood: it feldom exceeds four inches in the diameter of its trunk, though it rifes frequently to the height of fixteen or eighteen feet, The wood is very hard, of a clofe even grain, and very beau- tifully clouded.. ox | RP í Chr o VI d ARBOR 3. Minor diffüfa, obfeure virens; foliis obovatis; fronde comosd, fru- | q25.120. f. 3. deu UE S bed t Periantium — x ? ff fundis... = wr OT a Corolla ? Stam ? it, Germen ovatum. Stylus fubulatus: ftigma acutum, Pericarp. Capfula nitida, carnofo-fungofa, bilocularis. Semina. Nucleoli plures, maximá parte abortientes, oblongi, quafi bilcbi, naucis propriis fragilibus unilocularibus recurvis & apprefis, quafi bilocularibus, fe&fa naucis cera tenui coccined obduétis : Receptaculum columnare per centrum fepti medii ductum, ad apicem. imultipartitum y lacinulis teretibus intra loculamenta utrinque reflexis, femina ferentibus, | This fhrubby tree isfrequent in the red hills, where it grows pretty luxuriantly ; but it feldom rifes above twelve or fixteen feet in height, or exceeds fix or feven inches in diameter, When the fruit is ripe, it burfts upon the tree, and fheds its feeds, of which the fmaller birds feem very fond: they are always inveloped in a gap waxen fubítance of a fcarlet colour, which may probably ferve both for the yer's and painter's ufe, when better known. * I believe this may bea [pecies of the Sloanea : the wax and formation of the feeds, which is nearly the fame in both, induce me to think ío, tho’ the capfule is fmooth in this. ARBOR 4. Foliis ovatis, petiolis brevibus, floribus fafciculatis, Pitt. Germen fubrotundum :. &àyli duo, breves, interne canalyculati : ftigmata x ampliata comprefja excavata. 008. Pericarpium. — Capfula videtur bilocularis bifpermis, 4 FRUTEX MU m Uo € eet€——-———————————— Q ELS] JAMM ATE C A 369 FRUTEX ;. Foliis oblongis, glabris, acuminatis, alternis, leviter & acute erenatis. | Pift. Germen trilobum, obtufè angulatum, fubrotundum ; ftylus brevis, fimplex; ftigmata tria, oblonga, tenuia, reflectentia. Pericarp. Capfula fubrotunda, obtufé triloba, trilocularis, trivalvis. Semina Solitaria naucis propriis teéta. VIMEN 6. Scandens ; foliis alternis, ovatis, leniter undulatis; venis obli- quis. 'Yab. 22. f. s. An H. M. Vol. IL t. 20? Fruttificatio admodum fingularis: Sic mibi videbatur. Periantium — Monophyllum in duas partes hemifphericas excavatas ad un- guem ufque fectum. Corolla Bipetala ; petalis compreffis, © fafcid validá per mediam longitudinem ornatis, alterum unguibus geminis fuftentatum , alterum ftylo refertum, G adnatum. Stamina? Stylus? 4 in aliis mares, in aliis femine? Pericarp. Quod periantium fuit, vertitur in capfulam fub-fucculentam ful- catam, luteam, fubrotundam, bivalvem, unilocularem, perpen- diculariter debifcentem. Semen Unicum, pulpá nived fubdiapband, cue corolam fuiffe vide- tur, veftitum © alteri valvule funiculo proprio ligatum; etate liberum, nigro fplendens. I have met with this plant near Mrs. Guy's, in Sixteen-mile-walk : it isa climber, and rifes to the top of the talleft trees in the woods. ELUTHERIA 7. Arborea; foliis majoribus, ovatis, oppofitis; petiolis brevi- bus, fubtumidis, ganglionofis. Lauro affinis arbor foliis latioribus, &c. Slo. Cat. 137. & H. t. 170. Mufk-Wood, or Alligator- Wood. Pericarpium. Capfula eraffa, fubrotunda, corticofa, dura, quadrilocularis, quadrifariam ab apice debifcens. —— Semina. Nuclei folitarii oblongo-ovatt. This tree *is frequent in inland woods, and grows to a confiderable fize. All parts of the plant, efpecially the bark, fmell ftrong of mufk, and may be ufed, in- ftead of that perfume, for many purpofes. The wood is full of a bitter refinous fubftance, which renders it unfit for rum-hogíheads ; being obferved to communi- cate both its fmell and tafte to all fpirituous liquors: but it is often cut for ftaves and heading, when there is a fcarcity of other lumber. The powder of the bark is faid to be a good emetic; and is, I am informed, fometimes ufed among the negroes for that purpofe. ARBOR 8. Foliis oblongis glabris alternis. Milk-Wood. Flores, in aliis mafculini, zm aliis feminini. Mas ? Femina. Periantium Parvum, imbricatum; fquamis ficis, cordiformibus, cochlea- tis, perfiftentibus. j | 5€ Corolla X THE NAT/U R AL |H I 8 150 R Y Corolla ? Stamina —— ? Pifilum. Germen ovatum; ftylus ultra medietatem bipartitus; laciniis attenuatis: ftigmata acuta. Pericarpium. Bacca mollis ovata unilocularts monofpermis. An, bilocula- ris in germine? Semen. Nucleus bilobus, nauco tenui. fragili tectus. This tree is pretty frequent in Sz, Mary's, and rifes to a confiderable height in the woods. It is reckoned among the timber-trees of the ifland, and is fometimes ufed as fuch, tho’ not generally valued. : | VIMEN 9. Scandens; farmento valido > foliis amplioribus, eraffiufculis, niti- dis, ovatis, oppofitis; capfulis geminatis vel ternatis. Pericarpium. Capfula major, orbiculata, compref[a, unilocularts, femen unum vel alterum amplectens. a SALUS Semen. Nuclei bilobi, fubrotundi, compreffi, fundo capfule afixi. I found this weakly fpreading plant in the parifh of St. George's, on the left hand fide of the road that leads to the eaftward. The leaves are large and fhining, and the ftem and branches pretty thick, tho’ weakly. The capfulx are moderately large, and thin; and feem to fhew the plant to be fomewhat allied to the Tricbegamila. Yt is a native of Brafil, as well as of Jamaica: 1 have feen fome of the feed-veffels in Mr. Baker’s collection, which he received from that part of the world, by the way of Portugal. BRABILA 10, Fruticofa & fpinofa, foliis ovatis. nitidis confertis, floribus il ‘ Jolitaris. The prickly Brabila, with {mooth oval leaves. : Pericarpium. Bacca fubrotunda, | facculenta, .. laris, nucts guglandis HC magnitudinis, nucleo majori, mauco ligneo glabro teéto, referta, Eint 225 2 DNA I found this fhrub near the beech at Port Antonio, where it grows to the height of eight or nine feet, or better. ~The fruit has all the flavour, and much of the ap- pearance, of the European plumb; but the íhell of the feed is fmooth, and the pulp and fkin of the fruit of a pale red colour. . The leaves and foot-flalks are all of a pale green. ARBOR 11. Foliis ovatis glabris utriuque acuminatis, floribus umbellulatis, umbellulis fparfis, Lance-Wood. Pericarpium. Bacca parva mollis unilocularis, femen unicum nauco proprio | —. delum, amplectens. | | This tree is pretty common in the woods of Portland, and generally reckoned one of the beft timber-trees in the ifland, efpecially where ftrength or elafticity is re- quired; but it feldom grows to any very confiderable fize. Quere if it be not a fpecies of the Erythroxylum. | TS ARBOR 12. Foliis cordatis myrtineis oppofitis, baccis bifpermibus. Myrtifolia arbor cortice argenteo, Silver-wood dica. ‘Slo, Cat. 162. An, Eugenia authorum ? ee Rod-wood. FRUTEX . 13. Minor, foliolis cordatis - confertis, “flore uno vel altero affo- ciatis. Tab, 27. f, 4. Flores Or By jd Ar MgA; E. €. A. 374 Flores, in aliis mafculini, in aliis feminini, Mas ? Femina: Periantium Minimum quadripartitum. Corolla Tetrapetala, petalis oblongis erecto-patentibus: Stamina : Nalla. Pift. Germen oblongum; ftylus brevis; ftigma bilobum, ampliatum, quan- doque fimbriatum. Pericarpium, - Bacca oblongo-ovata, bilocularis, binis nucleis naucis propriis techis, referta. FRUTEX? 13. Foliis myrtineis, nitidis, ovatis, alternis; ramulis gracilibus. FRUTEX 14. Foliis fubrotundo-ovatis, alternis, quandoque confertis; floribus bus alaribus. Flores, in aliis mafculini, in aliis feminini. Mas Femina. Periantium Hexaphyllum, foliolis ovatis perfiftentibus, Corolla Nulla. Stamina Nulla Pift. Germen fubrotundum ; ftyli tres, breves, bifidi; ftigmata acuta, re- flexa. Pericarp. Capfula fubrotunda, trilocularis, trivalvis. Semina: In fingulo loculamento fena. GREWIA? 15. Arborefcens, e luteo virens; foliis ovatis, utrinque acumina- tis, nitidis, alternis s floribus quafi umbellatis. c Flores, in aliis mafculini, in aliis feminini, iQCnbige. OAGLSB do. ou NEC Hii i. ? w Mas- Femina. | Periantium Minimum, monophyllum, tubulatum, fubventricofum, preg- nans, ore quadripartitum. Pericarpium. Bacca fubrotunda, nucleo unico nauco proprio tecto, referta. I have met with this plant at Mr. Halls, in Liguanea: it has fomething of the appearance of myrtle. | — FRUTEX 16. Foliis majoribus, cordatis, nitidis, fetiolis femipollicaribus in- KU TS cidentibus. Tab, 21. f. «. ` Laurifolio arbor folio latiore mucronato, &c. Slo. Cat. & H. t. 168. . The Lagetto, or Lace-Bark Tree. - This tree is pretty common in the woods of Vere and St. Elizabeth's. The bark is of a fine texture, very tough, and divides into a number of lamine, which fpread into thin webs not unlike lace. It is only ufed for ropes in famaica, but would, undoubtedly, make fine paper, had it been properly prepared for that purpofe. It. has-been, upon occafions, made into different forms of apparel, by . the end runaway negroes ia ji THE NAPURAE HISTORY: ALICASTRUM 17. Arboreum, foliis ovatis alternis, fruttibus folitariis. Bread-Nuts. Pericarpium. Drupa, feu potius capfula corticofa, {pherica, unilocularis. men Nucleus bilobus, carmofus, fubrotundus, edulis. This tree is very frequent in Sz. Elizabeth's and St. fames's; and in both parifhes is computed to make up about a third part of the woods. The timber is not defpicable; but the leaves and younger branches are more ufeful, and a hearty fattening fodder for all forts of cattle. The fruit, boiled with falt-fith, pork, beef, or pickle, has been frequently the fupport of the negroes and poorer fort of white people, in times of fcarcity ; and proved a wholefome and no unpleafant food: when roafted, they eat fomething like our European chefnuts, of which they may probably be a fpecies. The leaves and younger fhoots are full of gum, which renders them difagreeable to moft cattle at firft, but they foon grow very fond of 'em. ARBOR 18. Foliis oblongo-ovatis, pinnatis, punciatis, petiolis brevifimis re- ffectentibus. Yellow Sanders. The wood of this tree is faid to make good infide timbers: it is of a yellow co- lour, and a clofe fmooth grain. It is very common in $7. ames s and Sz. Mary's, and grows to a confiderable fize. ARBOR 19. Cortice fifo, foliis oblongis, racemis umbellulatis terminalibus. The Bonace Bark Tree. Pericarpium. Drupa ficca, ovata, olive magnitudinis & figure, nucleo unico bilobo, membrana propria obvoluto, referta. This tree is common near Monteca bay, where it grows to a moderate fize. The’ bark makes very good ropes; it is fine, and fpreads, in fome fhape, like that of the Lagetto bark, though not quite fo free or regular. The feeds have a fharp biting tafte. ARBOR 20. Altifima, foliis oblongis, nitidiffmis, nervofis. Mali- perfice Mammee dicic folio arbor, &c. Slo, Cat. 180. An, Inneophyllum. ^ Thez. Zey. pag. 130. & tab. 6c. The Santa Maria. Pift. Germen fubrotundum ; ftylus fimplex; ftigma? Pericarp. Drupa carnofa rotundata, unilocularis. Semen. Nucleus unicus bilobus, nauco proprio ligneo fubtenui tectus. This is reckoned pretty good timber-wood; but it muít be kept under cover, for it does not bear the weather well: it is frequently ufed for ftaves and heading, XYLOCYSTE? 21. Fruticofum, folis eliptico-ovatis, fubtus cinereis; pe- ulis ramofis, alaribus. Pericarpium. Capfula fubrotunda, obtufè triloba, trilocularis, Semina Subrotunda, folitaria, I have found this fhrub near the eaftern fhore of Monteca bay. F p hpc 22. licis aculeate foliis. —— — Vk. t. 152. f. 4. tab. 54. f. 5? An, Agrifolium folio tenuiore majus acuminato C9 majus corrugato, &c. Slo, Cat. 175. 2 l I have OSR FEAM TA I C A: 173 I have met with a young plant of this form, in the parith of St. Jares's; but of what peculiar clafs or growth it may be, I could not difcover. The figure of the leaves is pretty well reprefented -in P/uc&zet, PLANTA 23. Erecta indivifa; foliis comofis, oblongis birtis, finuatis; petio- lis marginatis. I found this young plant near the Waterfall, in Mamee-river: it is very like that reprefented in Pk. tab, 424. f. 4. HERNANDIA 24. Arborea, folits cordato-peltatis, capfuld tenui apertd. Hernandia, Plum. & L. Sp. Pl. & Flo. Zey. at - Balantine, Pet. Gazd. 43. f. 1. Nux veficaria oleofa, foliis umbilicatis. Pk. t. 208. 1. aw Yack-in-a- Box. Flores, in aliis mafculini, in aliis feminini: Mas, Vid. L. Gen. 931. Femina, Pericarpium Capfila? maxima aperta inflata, fubrotunda, tenuis, fubpel- cida, ventricofa, unilocularis ; ore leniter contracto, trun- cato, integro. An calix pro capfula fumitur ? = Semen. Nux oblongo-ovata, fuleata, erecta, rugofa, in centro capfule pofita unilocularis. Nucleus globofus. This tree is pretty common in Barbadoes and Mountferat, and grows to a confi- derable fize in thofe iflands; but I have not feen any in Jamaica, though I have been credibly informed that it was frequent in the parith of Portland. The cups that fuftain and partly invelop the nuts ate very large, and, as they move in the wind, keep a whiftling noife, which is often frightful to unwary travellers, The feeds are very oily. HERNANDIA 24. 23. Arborea; capfuld craffd, ligned, ovatd, integrá. The Hernandia, with oval capfules. I do not know whether this tree be a native of the Eaf or Weft-Indies; but I have feen a fruit of this form in Mr. Ebret’s colle&ion of feeds, which I mention here, only, to fhew that there is a fecond fpecies of the genus; There are two other plants in thofe colonies, that have almoft wholly efcaped my notice; the one is the green withe, which I take to be a fpecies of the Arum, or Epidendrum: the other feems to be a kind of the Nux vomica. The firft of thefe plants is not uncommon in the woods of Jamaica; the other grows in the windward part of Mount/erat, in the fide of the great gully, called Kady’s Gully. It is a {mall fhrub, and bears white bloffoms, which are afterwards fucceeded by fo many large apples, containing a number of large comprefíed feeds difperíed in the pulp of the fruit: (if I remember) the plant is milky when young,» (5374) A CD D-E-N--D-A. DIOREXWIA T^EVILLEA 1. Foliis craffioribus glabris, quandoque cordatis, quandoque. tri- lobis, : Fevillea. Plum. | Fevillea foliis cordatis angulatis; & foliis trilobis, L, Sp. PI. The Antidote Cocoon. Flores, in aliis mafculini, in aliis feminini. Mas Pedunculo zenu? incidit Periantium monophyllum ultra medietatem quinque- artitum, laciniis lanceolatis patentibus. Corolla Monopetala, patens, ad marginem leniter quinquecrenata : Limbus reflexus. i Stamina. Filamenta quinque e centro corolle orta, erecto-patentia, fuperné ampliora; anthere ovate. Ne€tarium. Filamenta quinque compreffa, inferné latiufcula, attenuata, arcuata, conniventia, flaminibus interpofita, MS Femina, Perantium — Cyatbiforme quinquecrenatum, germine pregnans, pedunculo va- lido incidens. ^ Corolla ——? | Stamina Nulla. Pift. Germen calyce inclavatum fubrotundum. Styli tres. Stigmata fubrotunda. Pericarpium. Drupa maxima dura, fubrotunda, calyce aucfo femiteéta, trilocularis. Semina Orbiculata comprefja magna, cortice fungofo tecta, in fingula locu- lamento, duo, tria, vel quatuor, This plant is frequent in the inland parts of Jamaica, and generally found climbing among the talleft trees in the woods. The feeds are very oily, and fre- quently burnt by the negroes inftead of candles: they put them upon {kewers, | and fet fire to the uppermoít, from whence they burn gradually to the bottom. The kernels are extremely bitter, and frequently infufed in fpirits for the ufe of the negroes: a fmall quantity of this liquor opens the body and provokes an appe- tite, buta larger dofe works both by ftool and vomit, It is frequently taken to clear the tube, when there is any fufpicion of poifon, and, often, on other occafions. EXPLICATIONS In all the foregoing figures, the letter (a) points out the empalement or cup ; (b) the flower; (c) the filaments with their anthere ; (d) the ftyle and figma ; and (e) (f) (g) the germen, fruit ang feeds, j -THE Mte nre n t tin i NATURAL HISTORY dant M d lt ef PART I BOOK I O ANIMALS CONTAINING, An Account of the feveral Sorts of Quadrupedes, Birds, Fifhes, Rep- tiles, and Infe&s, commonly obferved in and about the Iland; their Properties, Mechanifm, and Ufes. 5; motum, vel mecbanifimum, vel fenfus externos internofgue, vel denique figuram, refbiciamus s omnibus in aprico erit, animalia effe Jumma © perfecliffima Creatoris opera, Lin, Obf, + 4 5 DER. dis dors EM a f DI (Ca AY, AAV “A, ANT AN v Cad wd er^ m i i> 1 D A 42 , (4. : r, 4 3 X25 r^ or. 3 , Mz " - = v MA. EN e i » Imo 7z TNI 1 et " 8:2 By A >. Ņ md eS X xd Vip) EN N / y Na à SW HU e E [ M i my NN dica om. Y Nd M Ñ e mee Ale Aan 3 " 2» hr M f e P. / M METTE meo P. Hut i" AUT ) GSYS 21259 E eh pom EFA Ce W HETHER we confider this part of the creation with regard to the variety or peculiar forms of the individuals, to the mon- “a Aer of conveniencies with which it fupplies mankind, or with | p E to tbe real ufes of its different produttions in the courfe of life, .we fball certainly find it fuperior to either of the others. But wher we objerve thofe delicate organs with which mof beings of this clafs are _furnifbed ; confider the formations, difpofitions, ufes, and various me- chanical powers of their feveral parts; and reflect on the different fenfes, infiinéts, difpofitions and modes of action, peculiar to each; we muft allow it to be, by far, the mofi perfect as well as the moft engaging part of the OTRO SIA ue ME LC ee UR ORT RETRO 3 — Js it not then natural, that bodies endowed with affections and quali- ties fo particularly adapted to the form and fration of every individual, with Juch peculiar habits and difpoftions, with thofe fingular faculties which fome enjoy in a more perfett degree than the refi ; and which, befides thefe, and many other flattering inducements, are known to fupply us daily with tbe mofi agreeable and nourifbing part of our food, to fur- nifo many conveniencies that tend to the eafe and fatisfattion of life, and to yield the moft neceffary as well as the moft agreeable part of our cloaths „and coverings; fhould engage fome part of the thoughts and fludies of mankind? Or fhould we not rather conclude, that beings endowed with Juch extraordinary qualities, fo ufeful, and yet frequently more engaging by their habits and attachments, ought to employ a more confiderable part of the thoughts and contemplations of every reafonable creature? ` The nature of the different forts of food obtained from this clafs, as well as the different calamities arifing from the poifonous bites, flings, &c. of . many of the individuals, and a thoufand other particulars, muf naturally engage the attention of the Phyfician. Here the Philofopher may fee a numberle/s variety of attions, powers, mechanifms, and other curious phæ- ccclxxvii POR EEA C uk nomena, the proper objetts of his enquiry; while tbe Naturalift endeavours to obferve the pecuhar forms, differences, claffes, and general properties of all. The nature of faciety we may learn from the Caflor, and the rules of government, induftry and friendfbip, from the Ant and the Bee. The little Nautilus has ‘firft taught us to fail; and the ufes of the Pad- dle, the Lever, he Forceps, and tbe Saw, with a thoufand otber mecha- nical powers are daily fbewn us by numbers of the Infe Tribe. Thefe, indeed, were for a long time confidered as the mere produttions of filth and putrilage, about which they are frequently found; and have been but little noticed among the Writers of Natural Hiftories, until the obfervations of later ages, the labours of the accurate Redi, Swamer- dam, Wormius, Reaumure, Baker, De Juffieu, and Linneus, ave made us better acquainted with their mechanifms, atlions, and genus; and fatisfied every perfon, that they are perfect and difiiné& beings ; and as regular and uniform in propagating their fpecies, as any other cla/s of individuals can poffibly be. ! E. eir organs, it is true, are fo fmall and delicate, and their mo- tions and operations fo very quick, that it was almoft impoffible to know any thing of their formation, parts, or mechanifin, before we were acquainted with the powers and ufe of microfcopes, by whith we are now enabled to form diftintt ideas of many objetis, that have been wholly unnoticed before; and to objerve the form, parts, and firutlure of many that are hardly perceptible to the naked eye: by their affiflance we become daily acquainted with the manner and caufes of tbe mof furprizing movements and mechanical powers; and by the help of them alone we are at length enabled to range thefe minute objects in a re- gular order, and to divide them into convenient claffes and genera, ac- cording to the more and lefs general uniformity that È obferved to fub- ff in their genius, forms, parts, and funttions. Nor is there any clafs of the animal creation that deferves our attention, or can move our admiration more; for, whether we confider the minutene/s of many of the individuals, fome fcarcely larger than a globule of human blood, and yet furnifbed with proportioned veffels and adequate juices; with per- Je organs to fee, to feel, and to propagate their kind; with convenient limbs to walk, to fly, or to fwim; and frequently with weapons to de- fend their young, and to guard their labours and themfelves ; or obferve the diverfity of their forms, habits, and difpofitions, or more various mè- chanical operations; we ball hardly find any other clafs of beings that will afford fo great a variety of engaging [ceness and none that can fo effectually raife our thoughts to the contemplation of that infinite power and wifdom by whom all things were ordained. Thefe, with a thoufand other curious or ujeful particulars, have, Jince the invention of microfcopes, engaged a good deal of the attention of the learned; many of whom have fpent a confiderable part of life in the ftu- 4 dy EUIS POR "E PIX GE ccclxxix dy of this branch of Natural Hiffory 5; and I think it the duty of eve- ry man to affift in fo laudable a defign: for the mof defpicable infect we now know, may, hereafter, be difcovered to have the mof furprifing qua- lities, or found of the greateff ufe to mankind; and the knowledge of the individuals, is the ffl flep towards a difcovery of their properties, which can be hardly obtained without the affifiance of many, and a cir- cumpantial account of the fpecies commonly found in every country, their properties and mechanifins; with the obfervations of the vulgar, wha by a long experience frequently learn both their genius and qualities. The confideration of the ufe of Juch an inftitution, was, I muft acknow- ledge, the only motive that engaged me to engage in this part of the work; for the fludy of Vegetables was always the moft agreeable to me, and the Ifland, whofe Natural Hiffory I now write, furnifbed a great variety of them, tho there was but a few fpecies of the animal tribe peculiar to it; moft of thofe now obferved there, being introduced from foreign parts, and the fifhes, birds, and many of the infects, Juch as are frequently ob- Jérved in other feas and countries. But as I had fometimes met with bo- dies of this kind that were not defcribed before, and frequently cbferved others that were but imperfe£lly reprefented, I was induced to digefl the whole; and to difpofe what I bad obferved on the occafion, in the form in which it now appears. I have endeavoured to follow the diftribution of Linneus, as much as poffible, in the arrangement of this tribe as well as of the foregoing ; but as I proceed from the mineral to the vegetable, and thence to the animal reign, I was obliged to invert the order in which he difpofed them, and to begin with thoje that fhew leaf of animality. Nor is this the only circumpance in whith I differ from him; for, wherever I thought his dif- pofition either forced or irregular, I have fludied to follow that which feemed the mof conformable to nature, whether adopted by another, or the produce of my own imagination. THE — ( 381 ) 4 H-E NATURALE HISTORT OF F 4 M TT 6 PA CARS Ss AK, Bs OQ: KoE CH OFE- T Of INSECTS. Colo Sa Sak Of Worms, or Infeéts that have no folid Props within themfelves, but perform all their weakly motions by a mere tonic or mufcular power. S BE o £5E ee Of reptile Infeéts, or Juch as have no limbs, but perform all their attions by the flexions and contrattions of their long and flender bodies. Seta aquatica quibufdam. Vena Medinenfis Chirurgorum. The Guinea Worm. This infe& is often found among the negroes imported directly from the coafts of Africa; and is, generally, both troublefome and dangerous to all whom it infefts. It lies commonly, under the fkin, or in the interftices of the mufcles; and muft be very cautioufly and artfully managed, to be difengaged with fuccefs. When the creature grows to a certain ftate, it begins to pufh its way through the fkin, and then the artift lays hold of the firft part that appears, pulls it very gently and gradually, and fecures all that lies without the furface, that he may have a better £F oppor- C^ s 1. Gracilis & longiffimus, Jub cutem reptans. 382 THE NATURAL HISTORY opportunity of repeating the fame operation the next, and every other facceedinc , until the whole is extracted: but - bhe-muft-be- always-earefel-to íceuré-the whole of what appears, for it can't be extracted with too much caution ; and, if it fhould chance to break, it is apt to raife great inflammations in the parts about it, which is frequently the oceafion of very difmal confequences. This infect is not peculiar to the coafts of Guinea alone, but may be frequently feen in diffetent parts of Europe: It is commonly foupd in: {till waters, in. whigh it fwims with. great eafe,\ appearing generally of the fize and. form of a horfe-hair ; flender, and about twelve or fifteen inches in length, It is moft common in fhal- low pools where rocks and weeds moft,abound. ASCARIS 1. Cylindracea, utringue attenugta, albida. Afcaris Couleti & omnium authorum. wW - The round Worm. This fpecies infefts the human body more frequently than any of the other forts, and, without exaggeration, may be deemed the moft fertile fource of difeafes among the negroes and poorer fort of white people, in all the fugar colonies; nay, is often the caufe of more than three-fourths of all their complaints: nor are the ladies, who generally live vety temperate in: thofe warm climates, and often indulge themfelves in the ufe of the richeft fruits, always free from their attacks. They are frequently the occafion of general complaints in clofe moift feafons, which are “commonly attended with anomalous fevers, or other irregular complaints accompa- nied with fpaífms and convulfions: but thefe I hope I may be able to give a more fatisfa&tory account of hereafter, which,»if leifure- permits, I purpofe to publifh in a particular differtation at the end of the work. ^ LUMBRICUS 1, Terreftris minor vulgari — 1.3 "The Earth-Worm. Though moft forts of infeéts feem to profper in warm climates, the Earth- Worm grows but rarely to any confiderable fize in thofe parts of the world. I have obferved a few of this fort in Jamaica, where they continue the fame habit and appearance with which they commonly thew themíelves in Europe, TANIA 1. Compreffa oblonga, | Tenia. L. S.N. €? Tenia paludofa. Fn. Lumbricus latus Tulp. & Coul. . Tm eem The Tape-Worm. | This, like moft other infe&s that infeft the human body, is no where more com- mon than in Jamaica; where it is frequently obferved to grow to a monftrous length. The appellation proceeds from its flat narrow form, for they generally come away in continued heaps, many of them being commonly linked together into one body of a narrow, flat, and lengthened fhape. FASCIOLA 1. Miner, capite fufco, ore fubbirfuto. The Gourd-Worm with a dark-brown head. This fort is not common in America: I have feen it but once in thofe colonies, ing to the uvu/a of a young boy, It feldom exceeds an and then it was found fic inch in length. d lec | FASCIOLA 4 uk Whole — rn I -r XQ FTP AAM A STAG A 41483 2 ASCIOLA 2. Oblonga alba. | | The Maw-worm, Bott, or Grub. _ This infect is found fometimes in the human body; but is more common among cattle, to which it is frequently deftructive. FASCIOLA 3. Turpida marina. The Sea-Bott. This infect is very frequent in. the harbour of Kingffon, and generally found fticking to moft. fhells and ftones that fettle near the fhore, — It gives but {mall figns of life, though it be vifibly of the clafs; and is generally found in little groups, from three to ten, fticking to each other. They are generally about half an inch in length, and pretty thick in proportion. : oo FASCIOLA 4. Marina major verucofa. ae, | The warted Marrow-Pudding. FASCIOLA 5. Marina maxima glabra. cosy oues The large fmooth Marrow-Pudding. "Both ‘thefe fpeciés aré frequent in the harbour of King/fon, and generally found buried in the ‘mud, in the lefs agitated parts; they are both of an oblong cylindric form, tapéring, and rounded at the ends. The mouth, as well as the anus, is foméwhat flefhy and mufcular, and the body furnifhed with five longitudinal muícular. fafcia onthe infide, which run the whole length of the cavity from the anterior to the oppofite extremity, difpofed at equal diftances from one another ; but the anus is fmaller than the other aperture, and appears always in the form of a ftar. Each of thefe creatures is furnifhed with convenient entrails which run, ‘with a few windings, from the one opening to the other; bnt there is no diftinction of back or belly in them. ‘The whole body is foft and yielding, and when expofed to the heat of the fun, on a dry board, it flattens, fpreads, and gradually (after a few minutes) melts into à gelatinous flime, tho” neither of them is tranfparent in the perfect ftate. The negroes have given thefe infects this Ezg//b apelin from the common figure and confiftence of them. HIRUDO 1. Sanguifuga vulgaris, | Ane Leech. I have never feen above three or four of theíe infects in America, and thefe were carried there from Europe. Asie c S"E C T. IL | Of the Zoophyta, or Infeéts that are furnifbed with convenient limbs, dno tho’ deftitute of folid props. | Dn RADIX A Of fucb as are furnifted with pliable limbs, but have neither coats nor receptacles, PAHE productions of this kind are commonly tranfparent, and of a firm gelati- i nous confiftence and appearance. Their motions, in general, are merely tonic; but, in fome individuals, the vibrations of particular parts are extremely fwift and regular, and feem to be the effects of the moft perfect organs: and.yet, moft bodies of 384 THE NAIT URAL HTSTOmR of the kind retain fo much of the vegetable nature, that, being cut in pieces, each part grows again into a perfect being of the fame form and like parts with thofe of the parent ftock. . THALIA 1. Oblonga, crifld perpendiculari compreffá quadratá, lineis latera- ibus integris. Yab.43. f. 3. : The Thalia, with a fquare erect creft. THALIA 2. Obdlonga caudata, crifté deprefd rotundd, lineis lateralibus interruptis, ‘Tab. 43, 4. The Thalia, with a round depreffed creft. THALIA 3. Oblonga, lineis interruptis, caudad © crifid deflituta. The fimple Z722Zz. Thefe bodies are of an oblong rounded form, tapering flowly towards both ends; they are generally between three and four inches in length and better than one in diameter, tranfparent, of a firm gelatinous confiftence and hollow, cach opening by a fmall triangular aperture at the end next the creft, and by a narrow round one at the oppofite extremity. They have each a fpiral line, of a milky colour, which runs the whole length of the back, in the fubítance of the infect; under this appears another, larger, opake, ftraight, and fimple; which feems to be the gut or common refervoir of whatever ferves to nourifh it. And, on each fide, but ‘lower than either of thefe, appears another, {maller than either of thofe already mentioned, and of a beautiful purple colour. They are natives of the ocean, and frequent about the weftern iflands, where T have obferved them in my voyage from Jamaica. They are generally found fingle, and appear each with a fingle longitudinal white line in the water; but, at times, you may obferve them in heaps, four, five, fix, or eight fticking lengthways toge- ther; and then the mafs appears large, and furnifhed with many white lines. Whenever I met with theíe infects linked together in this manner, I obferved them to be all of the fame form, which made me divide them into fo many diffe- rent fpecies, ` . BEROE 1. Radiis ocfo longitudinalibus ciliatis. Tab. 43. f. 2. The Beroe, with eight ciliated longitudinal lines. This beautiful creature is of an oval form, obtufely octangular, hollow, open at the larger extremity, tranfparent, and of a firm gelatinous confiftence; it con- tracts and widens with great facility, but is always open and expanded when it fwims or moves, The longitudinal radii are ftrongeft at the crown or fmaller ex- tremity, where they rife from a very beautiful oblong ftar, and diminifh gradually from thence to the margin: but each of them is furnifhed with a fingle feries of fhort, delicate, flender appendixes or limbs, that move with great celerity either the one way or the other, as the creature pleafes to direct its flexions, and in a regular accelerated fucceflion from the top to the margin, It is impoffible to ex- prefs the livelinefs of the motions of thofe delicate organs, or the beautiful variety of colours thatwife from them while they play to and fro in the rays of the fun; nor is it more eafy to exprefs the fpeed and regularity with which the motions fucceed each other from the one end of the rays to the other. I have frequently met with thefe infe&s to the north of the weftern iflands; they feldom exceed three inches and a half in length, or two and a half, in the largeft tranfyerfe dia- meter. MEDUSA Œ 4:17] A Maange yA. 385 MEDUSA 1. Major fimbriata, tentaculis quatuor-longiffimis. Urtica marina quibufdam. | The Sex Nettle. This ¢reature grows to a confiderable fize, being feldom under feven or eight pounds in weight, It is of a firm gelatinous confiftence and appearance, and adorned with a regular ftar upon the back; but the border, by whofe tonic contractions and expanfions it moves in the water, is large and fimbriated. The limbs or zenta- cule are long and flender, and defcend from the center of the mole that lies within the border. | MEDUSA 2. Major fubrotunda, tentaculis brevioribus. i ^^osPhe:roundifh Sea-Nettle or Blubber. Both thefe fpecies are frequent in the harbours of King/fon and Port-Royal, and may be feen playing in the watersevery calm fuünfhine day. The fecond fort is {maller than the other, and its ¢entacul@ are very foft. MEDUSA 3. Major fubcroceo. ipo Phe Orange-coloured B/zier. |l obferved this fpecies about two hundred leagues to the north of Bermudas ; it was nearly as large as either of the foregoing. MEDUSA 4. Minor, anulis quatuor fubrotundis, dpacis È fore integris; ten- à | taculis breviffimis. The {mall fmooth Bubber with an opake ftar. "This Blubber is adorned with four opake but imperfect azule, which refemble fo many horfe-fhocs, their openings being almoft contiguous near the center of the bafe. s MEDUSA s. Ming glabra, non fellate, maculis ful fgis oblongis undique ajperjJa. T4 Coder _ The mottled B/zZZer. sie MEDUSA 6. Minor verucofa non flellata, tentaculis maculis. rufefcentibus | afper fis. EC The {mall warted and fpotted Bubber. | ; MEDUSA 7. Minima fubfufta verrucofa. | The little warted Blubber. I met with thefe four laft fpecies off the weftern iflands. They are feldom obferved | in any other latitude, though very frequent in. thofe parts, where they conttitute the principal part of the food of the logeerhead turtles when out at fea. LIGEA 1. Oblongo-ovata, variabilis, ab alterd parte truncatá, The floating brown Ligea. : This is a thin gelatinous body furnifhed with a little opake head of an irre- gular form and brown colour. The gelatinous part feems to float like a membrane : LE : from 45 THEANATURIAD HISTORY from the reft, and expands to the breadth of three or four inches; but the head is no larger than the top of a man's finger. I have oblerved two or three of thefe infects in the feas about the weftern ‘iflands. CLIO 1. Vagind triquetrá pyramidatá, ore oblique truncato. Tab. 43. f, 1. The fmaller Cho, with a trilateral fheath. This beautiful little creature, together with its vagina, feldom exceeds half an inch in length. The body, which is opake, flender, and pointed at the bottom, fupports a {mall round head adorned with a little fharp bill, and a pair of beautiful green eyes ; the fhoulders are furnifhed with two tranfparent membranous expanfions, by which it moves itfelf with great celerity on or under the furface of the water; but the lower part of the infect is faftened to the bottom of the fheath into which it fhrinks; and from thence extrudes itfelf as occafion requires. The vagina is of a firm confiftence, trant- - parent, and made large enough to contain the whole body of the creature, together with its membranous expanfions, upon occafion ; it is of a regular figure, {harp un- derneath, pointed at the extremity, and commonly about ,4* of an inch in length, I have found two other empty fheaths, of different forms and fizes, much in the fame latitude; which feemed to agree fo well with this, in the general habit, confift- ence, and appearance, that I was induced to look upon them as the cafes of different fpecies of the fame kind; for which reafon I have ranged them here as fuch. CLIO 2. Vagind compre[fd caudatd. The Clio, with a large comprefied fheath. - ! CLIO 5. Vagind triquetrá, ore horizontali, =- a "Phe Glo, with a large triangular theath. © The fheaths or vagine of thefe two fpecies are pretty large, being feldom under an inch, or better, in length: they are tranfparent like that of the other, and of a firm confifteace, SEPIA 1. Vagind fubovato-truncatd. The Ink or Scuttle-Fiíh. This infect is frequent’ enough about Yamaica, but moft common on the north fide of the ifland. It is compofed of a firm tranfparent fheath which includes the greateft part of an adherent but fofter gelatinous mafs, furnifhed witha great num- ber of fentacule of different fizes and forms. It is curious to fee how readily this creature difcharges its ink on the approach of danger, to hide itfelf in the co- loured fluid: but the juices difcharged on fuch occafions, are not only black and thereby fufficient to protect the creature by giving a tincture to and thickening the water about it; they are alfo bitter and clammy which muft probably render them either pernicious to the gills, or hurtful to the eyes of all other fithes. ARETUSA 1. Cri//d fubrubelld venofa. The Portuguefe Man of War. This is no more than a fimple tranfparent bladder, furnifhed with a great ' number of tentacule, or fitingy appendixes. The former is very like the human {tomach in fhape, and adorned with a cellular creft on the upper -fide ; but from the oppofite part, towards the larger extremity, it emits its long and numerous fen- tacule: thefe take their rife by fourteen or fifteen tendinous roots, and divide after- 4 wards — = — "ios — Mii ps ¢ O Als ifuAgM glx b C, A 387 wards into an infinite number of flender branches of various forms, lengths, and fizes, which defcend commonly about three or four feet in the water. All the juices of this creature abound with acrid particles, PHYLLIDOCE 1. Labris cæruleis. Tab. 46. f. 1; The Sally-Man. This infect, though evidently of this clafs, is more firm and opake than either of the foregoing ; and confifts of an oblong cartilaginous flat body flightly radiated from the center, and interfected with {mall concentric lines: but this is fur- nilhed. with. two thin, flefhy or femigelatinous lips, 4 2, that extend themfelves by fhort. vermiform appendixes over the under furface of the cartilaginous part. It is alfo fupplied. witha femi-elliptical, dry, tranfparent membrane E, which ftands perpendicularly on the furface of the more firm part 4, in the direction of the line D D, furnifhing it with a pair of conftant ftanding fails which anfwer up- on all occafions ; ; for when this body is to move in any particular direction, fup- pofe towards X, the part 4, D.D—1, of the perpendicular membrane, which arches in the direction of the line 4D—1, fills and pufhes the body forwatds, while the other part floats in the wind. But when the wind AUN it and the body is to move towards Z, the other part anfwers in the fame manner, and al the motions are performed by the fame mechanifm. It is furni(hbed with a great number of {lender tentacule, each about half an inch in length, which rife very thick from the margin of the cartilage underneath ; and it fcems to have an opening or mouth in the center of the bafe. LERNEA 1. Subfufca major, valvis binis majoribus per longitudinem darfi products. The larger dark Lernea or Sea-Snail. This infe& is pretty frequent in the American feas, but lives generally near the {hore mL it. feeds, very ravenoufly on all the fmaller weeds. On touching this | it emits a confiderable quantity of a vifcid purple liquor, which thickens and cun the water about it fo much that it can {carcely be feen for fome time after, by which means it is generally enabled to make its efcape in times of ' danger. This liquor is difcharged from a large gland fituated deep between the valves of the back, by the means of which it performs all its floating motions; but, while it feeds, it creeps like a {nail upon its belly. I awe gathered a {mall quantity of the difcharges of this creature, and flained a linen handkerchief with it: it gives a very beautiful dark purple Abar which. is not apt to change either with acrids or alkalies; but it is eafily wafhed out. It is remarkable that the water grows always clear in a few minutes after each difcharge, though confined in a {mall veffel; and yet the ftained handkerchief re- tained the colour until wafhed, which was not done for many weeks after; When the creature is put into fre(h water, it contracts, and dies foon after. NESA, 1, Subfufca mollis, fundo mufculofo. The Sea-Pudding. 'This.infe& is of the fame confiftence with the fnail, and of a dark dirty colour: it is foft and glutinous, of a cylindric form, (hort, and fürnifhed with a great number of {mall flabby ¢entacule difpofed in a double row round the margin, at one end; ‘but the oppofite extremity is rugged, muícular and yielding, like the belly of the fea-{nail or Lernea. I have feen only one of this fort; it was about an inch and _ a half each way, but I am informed they grow very large fometimes, LIMAX 2830. T HE NATURAL HUST UIR f LIMAX 1. Subfufca media. | The {mall Snail. Though Jamaica abounds with many forts of the teftaceous fnails, I could not obferve above one or two forts that go without coverings; and thefe are chiefly found in the woods, where they may be frequently feen, either mornings or evenings, when the grafs is frefh and moift. QR Dake R . ` Of Juch as are furnifhed with convenient but pliable limbs, and form and dwell conpantly in fix d receptacles of various figures and great hardnefi, S I have adopted the late opinion in the difpofition of thefe infects, and confi- . dered. moft of thole hard cavernous ftructures in which we generally find them, as the produce of mere animal labours; it-may be expected I fhould give fome account of the nature and mechanifm of the inhabitants, But as this can be hardly undertaken by any, befides thofe that have made this part of na- tural Hiftory particularly their ftudy, and ftri&tly obferved the motions and confi- gurations of the individuals, while their little limbs were frefh and pliable and their motions perfect; I fhall content myfelf with referring to thofe authors, on whofe obfervations the opinion was firft founded, and by which, I muft acknow- ledge, I was chiefly induced to difpofe many of them in this order and clafs.. Nor will the hypothefis appear unnatural, though we fhould evet remain ftrangers to their particular modes of action, when we confider the general properties of the va- rious receptacles in which they are commonly found; receptacles formed of a fub- ftance of the fame nature and difpofition with that of which other cells and co- verings, the acknowledged work of other fubmarine infects, are made; and every where divided into convenient and fimilar lodges. | Mise Soh a When indeed we confider the diminutive fize and languid motions of thofe crea- tures, it feems amazing that they fhould be the fabricators of fuch confiderable maf- fes; but as we are wholly unacquainted with their peculiar mechanifms, we can argue only from other confiderations. It is however allowed, that thefe little infects are always found in the pores and cells of thefe mafles; and it has been obferved that their lodges are conftantly f- milar and diftributed very regularly throughout the whole íubítance. The mafles themfelves we find of a nature and texture inconfiftent with the growth or circulation of vegetables, and not wholly conformable to the accretion or condenfation of foffils, ' to which however they feem to approach the neare(t ; but we always find them to anfwer the laws of appofition, and to be, both in nature and difpofition, like other bodies which all acknowledge to be the work of the like infects: why may we not then be allowed to confider them as productions,of the fame fort? Many, I do be- lieve, will be ready enough to allow that they may be fuch, but can't conceive how fuch confiderable mafics can be put together by thofe languid infirm inhabitants; the mufcle, the oyfter, and the congue, they obferve, with reafon, do bear a certain proportion to their coverings, as well as moft of the other clammy marine infects ; and this, I muft acknowledge, is the ftrongeft argument I hear againft the fuppofition of thofe other maíles being alfo formed by the very inhabitants that are found in them. Bat we ought to confider that thefe little infe&s are endowed with organs and mechanifms with which we are yet unacquainted; nor fball we, perhaps, think thofe fabricks fo difproportionate as fome imavine, when we confider that the fluid in which they live abounds with matter of the fame nature, which always fupplies a fufficient quantity of proper particles for füch purpofes; particles ’ : that —— 2 G FIH AMAA) 6 VA. 389 that require no more than a certain tho' fmall power to lay, a peculiar mechaniím to difpofe, and a proper flime or gluten (with which we know all marine infects to abound) to fix and bind them. a EP Pip die ebm alo BAS bug . Of Zoophytes that live in hard or elaftic tubular receptacles of various forms. Ay Res DT Whisk EL Of fuch as live in flender, flexile, articulated, and, for the mofl part, branched tubes; bawing all the appearance of fmaller plants, whofe flowers and foliage are reprefented by the expanded limbs of the inhabitants, which generally appear at the end of every compartment of tbe common fabrick. l | ERTULARIA r. Major ramofa. The larger branched Serzularia. This tubular ftructure has all the appearance of a fubmarine plant, and is found in great abundance in the fea about five-iflands, weltward of Antigua, It grows in beds, and rifes frequently to the height of eight or nine inches. All the branches are moderately thick, and continue nearly of the fame diameter to the top. The whole fubftance is flexile and yielding while frefh, and has a fharp biting. tafte. ref) : i SERTULARIA 2:- Minor ramofa, ramulis gradatim minoribus, ultimis fere capillaceis. The fmall fhrubby branched Sertularia. Great quantities of thefe branched fubftances are thrown upon the fhores of Ja- maica after every ftorm and ftrong fea-breeze ; but they do not feem to differ much from that commonly found on the fhell of the European oyíter, and íeldom rife above two or three inches in height (2)... 5 oa 3 B LogWbh.S 4E Quad, L1] | Of Zoophytes that live in fif floney receptacles; of a porous or cavernous texture and firucture. ` rgo A R.T-ECoL E K Of Juch as form their receptacles in fmall thin flakes, compofed of an infinite number of very fmall cells, placed contiguous to each other in the form of a boney-comb. "o it ILLEPORA 1. Cellulis obliquis, valvulis minoribus femiclaufs. The {mall comprefled Millepore. with oblique cells. I found this cellular fubftance on the furface of a large decayed brain-ítone, It grew in {mall fpots, and formed a very beautiful net-work upon the rugged furface of the fabric. seo i | (a) I have never found a fpecies of the Tubipora in thofe parts of the world. ;H | ARTI- go THE NATURAL HISTORY ARET PE T ETNE Of Juch as are found in branched maffes of a fony bardnefs, and of an uniform porous texture, without any remarkable cavities or perforations. N. B. The following fubftances are known to be of this clafs by their texture, forms, and general properties. : ORALLIUM 1. Brachiatum maximum, ramis fubcompreffis equalibus. An, Corallium efperum candicens adulterinum J.B. & Slo. Cat. 1. The large biiriched white Coral. This coralline fubftance is very frequent about Antigua; it grows in beds, fhoots in a branched fhrubby form, and rifes frequently to the height of two feet, or bet- ter; but the limbs feem to be of the fame thickneís from the bottom to the top, and are formed into a thoufand beautiful figures by the various difpofitions, con- nections and reflexions of the upper branches. CORALLAUM, 2; Minimum fubramofun glabrum. An, Corallium album pumilum noftras Rai. & Slo. Cat. 1. 'The fmall tooth-like Coral. This little coralline fubftance is frequent on all the common pebbles in the har- bour of King/ton, but is feldom obferved to rife more than an eighth or a quarter of an inch above its inlarged bafe. — It feems to be of a clofer grain and more even tex- ture than any of the reft. CORALLIUM 3. Bracbatum © articulatum, articulis cylindraceis nervo £enutori connexis. Corallina servo £enuiori fragiliorique internodia longiora nectente Slo. Cat, : & Dio. h-26. f. 2. The fmaller divided and articulated Coral. CORALLIUM 4. Bracbiatum & articulatum, articulis majoribus angula- tis nervo majori connexis. -Corallina opuntioides &c. Slo. Cat. & Pk. t. 26, £. 1. The opuatioid Coral. CORALLIUM 5. Minimum capillaceum, ramulis fubarticulatis equalibus. Corallina minima capillacéa Slo, Cat. i The {mall divided Coral with equal branches. CORALLIUM 6. ZEguale lamellatum Keratophytis reticulatis © afferiis indutum. The fmooth thin incruftating Coral. . This fubftance is very frequent in all the American feas, and commonly found, in thin ftrata, on the reticulated Keratophyta, and other fubmarine fub- ARTI- OTR TE Al My A TAG: A 391 AR X LUN UL Of fuch as live in branched ftony receptacles of a regular porous texture; compofed of a great number of radiated cylindric caverns of moderate diameters, runing obliquely, in an erecto-patent direction, from the center to the furface, where their openings appear regular and uniform. ADREPORA 1. Minima fubverrucofa rubra. The {mall red Madrepore. This little coralline fubftance is frequent on all the larger decaying mafies of this clafs, and feldom or never obferved to rife above a tenth or an eighth of an inch in height: it is of a beautiful red colour and an uneven form; but adorned with a few regular ftars on the furface. MADREPORA 2. Lamellata & muricata Keratopbytis induda, The thin rugged Madrepore. This little fabftance is commonly found on all the fea-fans, and moft other fubma- rine plants of America. The protuberances on the furface appear like fo many rugged warts; and when theíe fmall tops fall off, the whole mafs appears with a multitude of {mall cavities, MADREPORA 3. Minor, aperturis cavernarum concavo-radtatis, rarioribus. The fmaller branched Madrepore with few ftars. : This branched fabric is frequent in all the harbours of ‘famaica: it is generally found in groups, but feldom grows to any confiderable height, or exceeds the thicknefs of a fwan's quill in any part. MADREPORA 4. Minor, ftellis creberrimis. The {maller branched Madrepore with many ftars. This is very like the foregoing both in fize and form, but may be eafily known by the multiplicity of its ftar-like apertures. MADREPORA 5. Ramofz major, muricata & flellata, aperturis cavernarum minoribus depreffis. Corallium album porofum maximum muricatum Slo. Cat. p. 1. The larger branched prickly Madreporz. This fpecies is frequent about the Keys near Port-Royal, and grows frequently to the height of two or three feet above the bafe: its branches are all round and ta- pering, MADREPORA 6. Maxima compreffa, palmata & muricata. , Corallium poro/um album latifimum muricatum, &c. Slo, Cat. & H. t. 18. The large comprefied prickly Madrepore, or white Coral. This grows the largeft of all the coralline fubftances found about Famaica; it is , met with in large fingle mafíles of an irregular compreffed form, which fpread "into broad flat lobes towards the top. All the productions of this clafs are of a free porous texture, and regular ftruc- ture; they ferment readily with acids, like all the other fubftances formed by ma- rine infects, and make a good lime when well burned. AR w THE NATU RAIA HISITO R Y | AR T 1 G EE ,lV, Of fuch as live in fimple, roundifb, fony maffes of a porous texture, compofed chiefly of a great number of lender cylindric and radiated cavities, ranged clofe to each other, “and running obliquely from the furface to tbe center or bafe of the firucture. STREA 1. Aperturis cavernarum minimis, maffa înequali, The Star-ftone with fmall cells. ASTREA 2. Aperturis cavernarum radiatis, centro fbongtofo. The Star-ftone with a loofe fpongy center to the cells. ASTREA 35. Aperturis cavernarum radiatis, centro filide: The Star-ftone with a folid center to the cells. ASTREA 4. Depreffa inequalis, aperturis cavernarum concavo-radiatis, 3 The Star-ftone, with a hollow center to the cells. ASTREA zc. Rugofa, areolis majoribus fubrotundis laxé & irregulariter radiatis, All thefe fpecies of the Star-ftone are frequently caft up on the fhores of Ya- maica, and may be eafily diftinguifhed by the difpofition and forin of the nucleus, or center of the apertures of the cells; but the laft fort feems to hold a main be- tween this and the next genus, for it is of a more loofe open texture, and not fo re- gular in the difpofition of the radiating /amine of its cells. ve AR TTC epee dudro Of fuch as live in. fimple, roundifb, fony maffes of The long-legged Houfe-fpider, dibus teretibus longiffimis, This {pider is frequent about all the houfes in King/lon, and {pins fo great a number of extenfive webs, that it is often troublefome. By the form of the body and length of the fhanks it refembles the firft fort; but it weaves its web of a very different form, which induced me to confider it as a different fpecies, ARANEA 5. Minor nigra cancriformis, feutd | dorfi majore ambitu aculeatd, » The Crab-fpider, Tab. 44. s. This fpecies is very like a crab in the general form of the trunk, but the head and breaít are {mall and diftinct, It is very common in 57, Mary's. À 6. F longo-quadrata, caudá ru- | — ye) cblongo-quadrata, caudá ru l The red-arfed Spider, This infect is frequent in the woods, and its nip or bite faid to be very venom- ous. The body is about an inch in length, and of an oblong form. ARANEA 7. Oblenza luteo variegata, pedi- | bus longiffimis, articulis infer-& "The large fpotted Spider zoribus tumidis birfutis, Tab. with long fhanks. : 44. f. 4. This is a very beautiful fpecies, and fpins a ftrong fpreading web. It lives in trees and out-houfes, and is frequent in 57. Mary's and Portland. ` T1 ARANEA 8. Domeflica major faccifera, fub- 3... FET Bie cjua. & fubbirfide. $ The large grey Papae Spider This, tho’ a large fort, isa very innocent, and always obferved to carry its eggs in a round bag, clofe to its belly, between the legs. It throws off its fkin once a year; and to go through the operation more eafily, hangs itfelf by a few threads in fome lonely quiet place, where, after a few minutes, you may obferve the belly part of the old coat burít, and the creature draw out all its limbs very gradually from the other parts of its former cover, which he leaves hanging to the cord that fuftained him during the operation ; after which he betakes himíelf to the occupations of the new year in the uíual manner. It is remarkable that, in this operation, the e. nails, as well the outward cover of the eyes, are left fticking to the old fkin. ! Ns TARANTULA 1. Fufca major, pedibus anteriori- bus crafforibus aculeatis & unguiculatis, fere chiliformi-7 The Scorpion-fpider. bus, proximis longiffimis S : | tenutfimis. Tab. at. f. 1. This M TEE NATURAL HIS TORS This is a very curious fpecies of the fpider- kind, and a native of [ome of our fugar- colonies, which induced me to give it a place here, tho’ I have never feen it in Ya- maica. Mr. Baker, in whofe curious colle&ion I have feen it, had it from Antigua, and was fo obliging to let me have a drawing made from it. I have feparated thefe infects from the Zramez, on account of their feet and forceps; the former being always divided into feven or eight joints, and the prongs of the latter perforated on the outfide. See tab. 45. (24). probably to yield a paffage to fome poifonous juice, which likely they difcharge when they nip TARANTULA 2. Fufca major fubbirfuta, Jub ter-2 ram nidulans. Tab. 44. f. gS The black Tarantula. & 3—6. $ | This fort is reprefented of the natural fize, as well as its neft (3 a), and both its valves; which are fo well contrived, and fo ftrongly connected, that whenever they are forced open, the native elafticity o£ the ligaments that fix them, reftore 'em immediately to their ufual pofition. .. It is moft frequent in the loofe rocky foils, and neftles under ground. Its nip is very painful for many hours, and fometimes raifes a fever and deliriums; but ticfe« —- ate commonly eafed by throwing the patient into a moderate fweat, which is commonly done with a little warm rum-punch among the negroes, who are moft fubje& to thefe accidents: this puts them foon afleep, and in a few hours they are quite recovered. TARANTULA 53. Rufefcens major ventre mi- nori, articulis Primi The large brown Tarantula. ungulatis, Tab. 44. f. 2. This infe& feems to hold a mean proportion between the third and fourth fpe- cies, and is eafily diftinguifhed by its light brown colour, and middling fize. In this and the following fpecies, fome of the intermediate joints of the foremoft feet are furnifhed with nails, and the nippers are very long: See a — 2. Tab. 44. It isa native of Antigua, and may be feen in Mr. Baker's Mufeum, as well as the fol- lowing fpecies. | KANN EURA TA M b. zx rods Hie The large hairy 7. arantula, This infect, which is reprefented of the natural fize, Tab. 49. £. 1. is fometimes found among the rocks in the inland parts of "famaica. it is furnifhed with large crooked nails on fome of the intermediate joints, as well as the foregoing ; and its nip is generally thought to be very dangerous, | SCORPIO 1. Peétinum denticulis tredecim. L. Syk N. The Scorpion. This creatute is very common in all the fugar-colonies, and of a dareing watch- ful nature. If any thing be put in its way, it feldom fhews the leaft figns of fear, but eretts its tail and points its fting forward, ready for wounding, as if confcious of the natural force of its poifon. The wounds inflicted by the (ting of this infect are extremely painful, and the parts about them turn frequently livid, and muft be carefully dreffed to prevent a mortification. They are moft common about old houfes, and dry or decayed walls. CANCER 1. Minimus glaber, ftutá fub yes p. 7f E : , feuta fubquadratá, bond The Oyfter-Crab, . The D Eid AR MiATRRAA HT Ras This little fpecies is generally found with the Mangrove oyfters, in their fhells, where they always live in plenty, and {pawn at the regular feafons ; and fuch as eat the oyfters, do not think them a bit the worfe for being accompanied with fome of thefe crabs, which they fwallow with the fifh. ‘They are very {mall and tender, and nearly of the fame length and breadth, feldom exceeding a quarter of an inch either way, CANCER 2. Minor feutd fabquadratá nitidé variegaté,) margine ad angulos anteriores denticulo ge- > The Tuitle-Crab, mino utrinque. armatá. Tab. 42. f. 1. I found this infect on the back of a turtle, near the weftern iflands. The whole length of the trunk is not much above an inch; and the breadth ‘of the body is nearly as much. CANCER 3. Maximus chelis vaginatis. The comb-claWed Crab. This fpecies is both rare and curious ; on one fide and indented on the other, in fome meafure. it is very large, and the claws are grooved fo as to refemble a comb and comb-cafe CANCER 4. Minor pedibus & chelts longiffimis te- The larger long-(hank- > muifjmifque, feutd antice ferrato-( ed Crab with delicate dentatá, in aculeum maximum u-( prickly arms, and flen- trinque definens, Tab. 47. f£. 1. der toothed claws. This rare and beautiful fpecies was taken up at Sz. Mary's; the (hell is not above an inch and a quarter in length, tho’ the extremities of the large lateral thorns be near two inches afunder. CANCER ;. Minimus corpore fübr etundo, cruribus md ú nibus longifimis & 3 tenuifimis. The Spider-Crab, I have feen this beautiful little fpecies in Dr. Fothergel’s Mufeum. The body is {mall and roundiíh, and feldom above half an inch either way. All the limbs are flender and delicate, in proportion to the fize of the body, and commonly be- tween two and te inches in length. CANCER 6. Scutá antice ferratá, aculeo majori The common Sea-Crab, utrinque infirudtd. or Sberigo. ^^ This fpecies is very common in all the harbours of Famaica, and furnifheth a good part of the food of the negro fifhermen. CANCER 7. Scutá tenui fubrotundd lineis rubris va- The large long-fhank- gatá denticulo uno vel altero pof? ocu-@ ed Crab with a va- los utrinque armaté, riegated (hell. This fort is not frequent in any of the harbours of Jamaica, but the (hell is often found on the outward fandy beeches, at the Pali/adoes. It is of a moderate fize, and the fhell molt beautifully variegated, 4 CANCER 8. iat fubverrucofus, chelis majoribus compreffis dentatis. tne orca Cancer, Gv. Catefb. ii. t. 36. RESO The body of this curious fhell-fith is large and roundifh; and when it cohtraéts its flatted claws, which lie clofe under the fore and lateral parts of the feuta, it ícems but one continued íhell, and has a very different appearance - from any other forts of the clafs, ;Q. CANCER ES se THE NAT/UR-AL HISTORY CANCER 9. Minor gibbus bir[utus, feutd in lacinias 5 | quatuor teretes acutas producid. Tab. Cre Grafs- Crab. 46.:f..2; This curious little fhell-&fh is but rarely met with in Jamaica, though a native of that ifland. The fhel is raifed pretty much on the back, and projects a good deal forwards, where it is divided into four or more. firaight fender prongs, whereof thofe in the middle are longeft. The thell is furnifhed with a deep groove in the fore-part, between the eyes, where the infect lodges its {oft feelers upon occafions. CANCER 10. Minor, fcutd utrinque ferratd, cruribus aculeatis, plano exteriori utriufquee ‘The Creole-Crab. cbele equali nitido-fplendente. This crab is very like the Sherzgo, from which it is diftinguifhed only by the pe- culiar marks of the fhell, and the fharpnefs of its marginal teeth ; efpecially thofe between the eyes. The claws are angular, roundifh, and indented, in both; but the outward plane of the laft joint is of a fine pearly colour in this fpecies. _ CANCER 11. Minor, fcutdé oblongd variegatd nitidd,) margine antertori aculeato, arti- "T'he-Mamma:Shrin culis ultimis fagittatis. V ntrale x te longiori S anguftiort. Tab. 42.f. 2. This is a very beautiful thell-fith, and not much known even in Jamaica, where it is a native. It was found by fome of the fifhermen in the harbour of King hons, and is reprefented here of the natural (ize. i CANCER 12. Medius, feuté fubrotundé varie-) ; e large : : gata, aculeo unico utrinque ar- The la à F Sea Crab with matá. aroundifh variegated fhell, I have never feen any of this fort alive, but have frequently found the fhell on the fea-fhore. The form of the trunk diftinguifhes it fufficiently from all the other Ípecies. CANCER 13. Villofus, fcutá ferrato-dentatá C? | The larger bairy Creole-Crab l varie areolatd, cbelis fpinofis. with prickly claws. CANCER 14. Minor macricrurus punétatus, ftutá Jübrotundá fpinis. tribus majoribus — terminatd, Tab. 42. f. 3. Cancer. Rumph. t.x. f. c. "This is a native of both the Ea/? and Weft- Indies, but not common in the har- bours of Jamaica. I have feen only one of the fort, which is reprefented here of the natural fize. : The three-thorned Crab. CANCER 15. Major albidus, fcutá fubrotundé, arti- c ticulis pedum ultimis aculeatis, penul- timis birfutis, pilis fafciculatis peni- cilliformibus. This fpecies is very common in all the low and marfhy lands bordering upon the fea. It is often ufed by the negroes, but faid to be fometimes poifonous; which is attributed to their feeding upon the bark of the Mangeneel tree, growing chiefly in fuch places, 2 The Mangrove Crab. -CANCER e tm emper cen OTF 1 ASMA TACT Ai T. 443 CANCER 16. args fiut fubrotundé violaced 7 The Black or Moun-. el flavd, articulis ultimis p LT picis aculeatis. Thef creatures are verysnimerous in fome parts of Jamaica, as well as in the neg ora ing iflands, and on the coaftof the main continent ; they are generally of a dark, purple colour ; but;this often varies, and. you frequently find them {potted, or en- tirely of another hue, They live chiefly on dry land, and at a confiderable diftance from the fea; which, however, .they.vifit once a year, to wath off their fpawn, and after- wards return to the woods and higher lands, where they continue for the remaining part of the feafon ; nor do the young ones ever fail to follow them, as foon as they are able to crawl. The old crabs generally regain their habitations in the mountains, which are feldom within lefs than a mile, and not often above three from the [horé by the latter end of Yune, and then provide themfelves with convenient burrows, in which they pafs the greateft part of the day, going out only at night to feed. In December and Sanuary they begin to be in fpawn, and are then very fat and delicate, but continue to grow richer until the month of May, which is the feafon for them to wath off their « eggs. They begin to move down in February, and are very much abroad in March and April, which feems to be the time for the i impregnation of their eggs, being then frequently found fixed together; but the males about this time begin to lofe both the flavour and? richnefs oft their juices... The-eggs are difcharged from the body through two fmall round. holes fituated at the fides, and about the middle of the under fhell ;; thefe are only large enough to.admit one at a: time, and, as they país, they are entangled in the branched. capillaments, with which the under fide of the apron is copioufly fupplied, to which they ftick by the means of their proper gluten, until the creatures reach the furf, where they wafh 'em alloff; and then they begin to return back again to the mountains. It is re- markable, that. the bag or ftomach of this creature changes its juices with the ftate of the body; and, while poor, is full of a black, bitter, difagreeable fluid, which dimini(hes as it fattens, and, at me acquires a delicate rich flavour. About the month of Yuly ot Auguft the crabs fatten again, and prepare for mould- ering, filling up their burrows with dry grafs, leaves, and abundance of other materiels: when the proper period, Gies: each retires to his hole, fhuts up the paffage, and remains quite unactive, until he gets rid of his old fhell, and is fully provided with a new one. How long they continue in this {tate is uncertain, but the (hell is firft obferved to burft both at the back and fides, to give a paffage to the body, and it extracts its limbs from all the other parts gradually afterward. At this time the fifh is in the richeft ftate, and covered only by a tender membranous {kin variegated with multitude of radit veins; but this hardens gradually after, and becomes foon a perfect fhell like the former: it is, however, remarkable, that during this change there are {fome ftony (a) concretions always formed in the bag, which wafte and diflolve gradually as the creature forms and perfects i its new cru(t, A wonderful mechanifm ! This crab runs very faft, and always endeavours to get into fome hole or crevife on the approach of danger; nor does it wholly depend on. its art and fwiftnefs, for while it retreats it keeps both its claws expanded, ready to catch the offender, if he fhould come within its reach; and, if it fucceeds on thefe occafions, it com- monly throws off the claw, which continues to fqueeze with incredible force for near a minute after; while he, ‘regardlefs of the lofs, endeavours to make his efcape, and to gain a more PENA a more lonely covert ; contented to renew his limb with his coat'at the enfuing change ; nor would it grudge to lofe many of the others to preferve. the trunk entire, tho’ each comes off with more labour and reluance, as their namper leffen. | (4 ) no are feldom under two, or more than four. , When - UM dees DADE DAT URAL HI S&T O R Y When the black crab is fat and in a perfect ftate, it furpaffes every thing of the fort, in flavour and delicacy ; and frequently joins a little of the bitter with its na- tive richnefs, which renders it not only the more agreeable in general, but makes it fit extremely eafy upon the ftlomach. They are frequently boiled and ferved up whole; but are commonly ftewed when ferved up at the more fumptuous tables. ASTACUS 1. Cornutus major, fcutá undique 1'Y he Horned Lobfter, or Great aculeatá. Cray- fith. This fpecies is very frequent in the harbours of "famaica, and grows fometimes to a very confiderable fize. It has no claws, but in the room of thefe is fupplied with a pair of large aculeated tapering horns, or defenders, which rife from under the fore-part of the /cuta; they have each two or three joints at the bafe, and are furnifhed with a great number of delicate little prickles, difpofed in a verticillated order from the top to the bottom. It eats like the other forts of cray-fifh, and is much ufed by all forts of people. | ASTACUS 2. Minor, chelis denticulatis, fcutd in la- E NEM ANGE E mellam tenuem ferratam produ- ẹ The River Cray-fith, Eo. ed 5 “This fpecies grows fometimes to a pretty confiderable fize, and is greatly efteem- ed in all our fagar-colonies, where it is much ufed in foops and ftews. The claws of this fort grow very large, and are thickly befet with fhort pointed prickles; but the other parts of the fhell are pretty {mooth, | ASTACUS: 3. Minimus glaler Jcutá in lamellam tenuem fèr- i " E ratam produčta. The Shrimp. This fpecies is very common every where about Jamaica, and grows generally: very large, being feldom under three or four inches in length, and of a propor- tionate thicknefs, They are chiefly ufed in fauces, though many of the people eat them alone, efpecially when boiled with falt. ASTACUS 4. Maximus, caudá fubnudé molli, chelis fubver- : rucofis tuberculatis, dextrá majori. The Soldier. The Hermit of Catefb. ii. t. 34. | This fhell-&(h.grows to be one of the largeft of the tribe in America; but at firft it is extremely tender, and creeps into the firft empty fhell it meets, to guard its naked tail from the impreffions of any rugged bodies, or the attacks of its ene- mie 3 a fhifts and changes to the next more convenient fhell, as it increafes in bu ASTACUS 5. Minor glaber, caudá fubnudd molli, €belá dextrá majori. This is very like the foregoing in fhape and appearance, and lives and fhifts its abode in the fame manner; but its claws are fmooth. It is very common in all the harbours of Yamaica, and never grows to any confiderable fize. l The common Soldier. ASTACUS 6. Depreffus major, tuberculatus & varie- gatus, defenforibus comprefis arti- culatis fubrotundis, - Tab, 44. f, g. (| c Mother Lobfter. Aftacus. Rump. t.2. fic, This fpecies is very rare, and feldom feen in Yamaica, though a native of thofe feas, It has no claws; but, inftead of thefe, it is fupplied with two broad, articula- ted and comprefled defenders, that ftretch forward from the fore-part of the head, 3 one em m DEM acte so Ces Qi: H AAM ATU A 425 one under each eye; the feelers are (mall, and of a fine blue colour; the eyes {mall; ftriped and variegated; the body broad and flatted; the íhell finely tuberculated, and of a brown colour, intermixed with {mall yellow fpots; and the leaves of the tail broad, villous, and roundifh. ASTACUS 7. Minimus, oculis viridibus, vain The fmall Ocean Aftacus. nis breviffimts. s This fpecies is very fmall, feldom exceeding half an inch in length: I found one fticking in the prongs of a blubber taken up a few leagues to the north of the Weftern Iflands. t F : , a e n A ASTACUS 8. Minimus cornutus, feutd —! PES fmall Horned 24facu;. rugofa, This little infe& is about the fize of the common wood-loufe, and generally found, with the timber-worm, in moft pieces of timber that lye for any time in the fea. It is a borer as well as the other, but not fo deftructive, Obf: The infe&s defcribed here under the denomination of 4/facus, may be very naturally divided into two diftin&t genufes; the one to contain thofe that have claws and feet like the crabs; the other, fuch as have no claws, but are fur- nifhed with defenders of different forms. EMERITA .1. Parva agilis, e nigro plumbea, |. The dark Emerita. This genus is eafily diftinguifhed from the Afacus, which it very nearly refem- bles in every other refpect, by the /cufa of the back, which, in thefe, is made up of feveral pieces, as well as the cover of the tail part. The body is made, much like that of the Onifcus, tapering both ways; and the fcales are pretty even every where: the antenne are fimple, and the legs and tail much the farne as in the lob- fter kind. This fpecies is not above five-eighths of an inch in length. j : EMERITA 2. Major viridis. The large green Emerita. This infe& is about an inch and half quarter in length, and proportionately thick. EMERITA 3. Minima fubfufca, maculis albis Ey ing Nag iid ceo } The fmall fpotted Emerita, This little infc& feldom exceeds four-tenths of an inch in length. All the fpe- cies are found in the ocean, and pretty frequent about the We/fern Iflands. SETOURA 1. Subargentea cauda fetofa, fetis d The Moth, or Book- Jutis. worm. Corpus oblongum, verticaliter Jubcompreffum, caudam verfus attenuatum. Oculi minimi. Antenne articulate, ultra pectus diftenfiles. Caput ob- longum. Peétus ampliatum compre[fJum, annulis tribus rigidis tetum. Pe- des fex @quales. Abdomen productum, cylindraceum attenuatum, tribus Jetis corpore longioribus, birfutis, varie moventibus terminatum; media longiori: lateralibus vero accedunt due minores terram refpicientes, vix perfpicue. This infe& is very common in Jamaica, and extremely deftructive to books and all manner of woollen cloaths. It grows generally from four to feven lines in length, and is not much above one in breadth: the head is pretty round, and the lips large and flefhy. The antenne are flender and fimple, and generally about half the length of the body. The cover of the breaít feems to be made up of two or SR three a6. THE MATS MAL HISTORY three annular fegments, which are pretty broad; but:the body grows gradually nar- rower beyond that part. It has fix legs, and is farnithed with five hairy inert briftles atthe tail, which it moves at pleafure: two, of thefe are fmaller than the reft and hang downwards ;- but the other three ftand directly back, and fpread and clofe as the creatures pleafe to dire& their motions. ONISCUS 1. Ellipticus vulg. & off. ^ "The Wood-loufe of the thops. This infect is frequent. enough in Yamaica, efpecially in the inland woody parts, ONISCUS 2. Odsongus tortilis, fafciis pluri-Y The filver Wood-loufe with mis induratts. many hard fegments. ONISCUS 3. Odlongus tortilis, fafciis pauci- n filver Wood-loufe with a il oribus induratis. few hard fegments. ~ Both thefe fpecies are frequent in the inland parts of Jamaica; and on the leaft difturbance roll themfelves up into perfect fpheres, in the center of which they hide both. their legs and head, relying upon the hardneís of their fecales for their defence. They are very curious; I found fome of them under the ftones in the mountains of St, Ann. JULUS 1. Caudé rotuudatá glabrá, pedibus plurimis. The Gally-worm. This infe& is generally about three inches and a half, or better, in length, and furnifhed with a great number of fmall flender feet. - It is frequent in the woods of Jamaica, and lives chiefly in decayed timbers; but is commonly looked upon as a Ípecies of the Centapze in thole parts of the world. | SCOLOPENDRA 1. Pedibus quadraginta, | The Centapie.. - This infect is reckoned very venomous: the prongs of the forceps are very ftrong, bending, and pointed, which enables them to bite very hard; and they probably emit fome venomous juice alfo. Some who have been bit by them, in- formed me that the parts are very painful for the fpace of two or three hours, and turn frequently of a livid colour, I have feen them often kill a cock-roach with a fingle nip. SCOLOPENDRA 2. Maxima, pedibus trigintafex. Tab. 42. f 4. 1 The large Centapie. This infect is fometimes found on the wharfs of King/fon, and commonly thought to be brought there among the timbers and dye-woods imported from the main: it is generally very large, and fometimes runs above ten inches in length. Saas E od Of the Diptera, or fuch as have two wings. USER T Minima ufca, ad fcapulas appendi- e fea PP i The Sore-Fly. This infect is not half fo large as the houfe-fly, but keeps very bufy about all man- ner of fores, either in men or cattle; and is thought to communicate the yaws frequently, by running from one perfon to another. MUSCA QF Si] AMi A AC Al 427 MUSCA 2. Oblonga minor, ceruleo nitidà virens, "me XM | tre albido maculis virgatis notato, Mois d oni This ia very beautiful infe&; bur it is very rare, and only met with in the moft lonely woods. I have feen it once or twice in Sz. Mary's. , . MUSCA 3. Minor domeftica. The Houfe Fly. This infe& is no where more common or troublefome than in Jamaica; büt it feldom ftirs at night, though they fwarm about a candle by day, and frequently burn themfelves in the flames. MUSCA 4. Major nigra bumbilans, oculis C. ano ru- 1 The large black Jeftentibus, buzzing Fly. MUSCA. 5. Major fubvariegata oculis & ano rufefcen- V . The large ftriped tibus, virgis binis aureis in fronte. buzzing Fly. Both thefe fpecies are very frequent in 5'amaica, and generally very bufy about all forts of meat, which they frequently infe&. They are both Vrvipares, and difcharge a great number of maggots at a time; but thefe are always fmooth and fkinny, which fhews them to be different from the large buzzing flies of Europe, whofe maggots are generally hairy. CULEX 1. Minima variegata, cruribus fere equalibus. The Sand-Fly. Thefe little infects are very common in Jamaica. They bite very fharp, and are exceeding troublefome when the feafons are clofe; but they feldom go into the houfes, keeping generally about the fhores and open fandy bays, where they are * very bufy every calm evening.: CULEX 2. Gracilis aureo variegata. The golden Gnat. This beautiful fpecies is very rarein Jamaica: it is about the fize with the com- mon fort, and ftriped in the fame manner, but the fireaks are all yellow. I have never obferved above three or four of them during my refidence in that ifland. CULEX 3. Gracilis albo variegata, antennis pinnatis, The Mufkeeto. Thefe infects are very common in all parts of the Mef- Indies, within the tropics : they bite very fharp, and are the more troublefome as they generally feek for food by night, and frequently difturb people's reft as much by their buzzing noife as they do by their bites; which obliges the inhabitants of our colonies, in thofe parts, to hang nets over all their beds. The fkin commonly fwells or blifters wherever thefe creatures bite; efpecially in new comers, to whom they are moft troublefome, and in whom the bites frequently occafion very obítinate fores: but, in fuch ha- bits, we generally obferve a natural eruption mixed with the real bites, which is commonly, tho’ erroneoufly, taken for them, and the principal fource of thofe ul- cers. "The inhabitants of the low and woody parts of Jamaica are often obliged to raife a fmoke about their doors in the evening, to quiet thefe troublefome infeéts, which, it feems, it does very effectually: in this they follow the example of the Laplanders. See Lin. Flo. Lap. p. 368. CULEX 4. Major torpida fufca. The Loggerhead Mu/fkeeto. This infect is much larger than either of the others, and very common among the Mangroves, in moft marfhy places by the fea-fide. They bite very fharp, but are fo una&ive that they are generally taken or killed before they quit. All thefe fpecies of the Gnat lay their their eggs in water, in which the young ones are ob- ferved `w pé THE NA TU RALHISTORY ferved to live while they continue in the vermicular ftate: then they are of an ob- long form, pretty thick about the head, and tapering gradually backwards. They {wim and move with great facility, and may be feen in every pool and receptacle in the We/t-Indtes. S OAS a o Of tbe Tetraptera, or fuch as have four wings. aa 2 OS SS Of the Coleoptera, or Juch as have two Elytra, or frrong, opake, hollow, outward mobile cafes, to cover Jo many membranous wings. CARABEUS 1. Minor fufcus glaber. : - "The little brown Sawyer. This is the leaft of the Beetle tribe I have met with in America : it is naturally . Ímooth, adorned with a few hairs about the body, of a dark brown colour, and feldom exceeds a quarter of an inch in length. The different fpecies of this kind agree not only in the make of their antenna, but in the general frame and difpofi- tion of the whole body; particularly in the fhape and figure of the lower joints of their anterior limbs, which are broad, compreffed, and ferrated in all. The e/zrz, or outward wings, cover near two-thirds of the body, inall the fpecies of this fort. flexo. Tab. 43. f. 5 The Tumble-Turd, Monoceros, Gc. Pet. Gaz. t. 8. f. 7. This infe& is of a thick round make, and furnifhed with (trong fhort limbs, as if nature had intended to fit all its parts for labour. The /cuta, or cover of the head, is pretty large, even, round and margined before; but unequal and rug- ged behind. Out of the middle and hinder part of this rifes the horn, which is flender, firm, moderately arched, and bends backwards over the joint of the neck, and fore-part of the /cuta of the back. The fhoulders are rugged and uneven, and, with the head, make up about one half of the whole body, The e/itre are very ftrong, ftriated, and cover all the hinder part of the body as well as the wings. The creature is a very expert mechanic, and daily fhews us the ufe of the prop, the lever, and the rafp or faw; for, with its rifing horn, it is obferved to turn and roll over {tones and lumps of dirt four or five times its own fize. To perform this piece of mechanifm, it leans the horn back, and infinuates the head under the load, until this comes againft the fhoulders ; then it begins to move the lever forwards, and when the moving mufcles are fully contraed, and the lever carried as much forward as it will bear, it advances the body gradually towards it, until it brings its ftrong, rugged, and prominent fhoulders againít the bulk; and then it proceeds to work in the fame manner again. Its ftrong firiated limbs ferve both to dig and clear its habitation. SCARABEUS 2. Major niger naficornis, cornu xd SCARABEUS 3. Major fubcinereus naficornis, cornu.) retroflexo, Naficornis thauroceros The Newímonger. marianus, Pet. Gaz, t. 24. f. 10. C This infect is very like the foregoing both in fize and appearance; but it is more rare, and feldom feen except it be in the inland parts of theilland, Ic is of a light brown colour. a SCARABEUS 4. Maximus pullus nitens, cornu triplici, The great brown anteriori bifurcato. ‘Tab, 43. f. 6. ~ Sawyer. 4 This This fpecies is larger than any of the others, being commonly about an inch and half quarter in length, and three quarters over.: It has three horns, all rifing from the cover of the back: the two uppermoft of thefe ftretch ftraight forward, but the lower, which is the ftrongeft, is arched a little upwards, and flightly di- vided at the top. BESRABBUS 15: Ming gaben d ugitece 32 meh The fmall mottled Sawyer. DERMESTES 1. Major depreffus atro nitens ;) feutd dorfi flrid longitudinali vik | notatá, elitris firiatis atque The large black Borer. puncfatis.. Tab. 44. f£. 7. AU - This curious infe& is about one inch and half quarter in length, of an oblong form, and flatted. The forceps is broad, ferrated and ftrong ; the head rugged; the eyes pretty large, and the antenna fhort. The /cuta of the thorax is fquare and fmooth; but the body is very fmall between that and the fore part of the belly, which lies about the region of. the fecond and third pair of.legs, and is very gloy and fmocth. This infect cuts its way with great eafe into any tree or timber; but its hole runs always upwards in the beginning, and then turns off horizontally, by which difpofition, it always fecures its refidence from the approach of moifture. LUCANUS 1. Fu/cus maximus, forcipibus fémiuncia- aiit a | libus bifurcatis atque ferratis. Tab, "The Macecta Beetle. 44. fig. 8. Buceros lugan naficorni accedens. Pet. Gaz. t. 29. f. 2. This is the largeft infect of the fly kind I have obferved in Jamaica; it is about two inches and a half in length, from the tip of the forceps to the end of the elitræ, and about one inch over. The prongs of the forceps rife from the fore-part of the head ; they are arched a little inwards, and divided flightly towards the top, to hold the prey the fafter; but in the females, they are fawed below, the divifion, tho’ ge- nerally (horter than thofe of the males; See fig. 8—a. The. eyes are large; the [cuta of the thorax oblong, but moftly extended crofs- ways, margined and toothed at the fides. The antenna are long, flender, and jointed ; and the feet proportioned to the body. : W ait This infect breeds in the decayed trunks of trees, particularly thofe of the plumb and filk.cotton trees; where their large caterpillars, commonly called Macaccas, fee fig. 8—4. are ftudioufly fought for by fome people, who think them a very great delicacy. They are near three inches and a half in length, and about the thick- neís of a man’s little finger. The body is of a white colour, and fuitains a {mall brown head, which is generally cut off when they are ufed. They are always gutted, opened, and wafhed before they are dreffed; and when well fried, are thought, by many people, to be one of the greateft delicacies in America, - fetis longitudinalibus varie fplen- dentibus virgatis. Tab. 43. f.9. CURCULIO 1. Major punétatus, elitris carinatis, fa- Curculio, The ftreaked fhining This beautiful infect is generally about an inch in length. The fnout and fore-part of the body is narrow; but the reft is thick and oblong, and covered with ftrong, and beautifully (haded e/itre, which deícend very low upon the fides of the belly. CURCULIO 2. Medius, elitris nigro viridibus aureo firi- atim varte fplendentibus, fcutá raced The green Fly. ubnigrá, Tab. 43. f. 10. Bc Pai - 5S This HB THE NA‘TUR AL LHISTORY This creature is extremely beautiful in its colours, and very common among the canes in the months of May and Yune, It was generally looked upon as a fpe- cies of the bliftering fly for a long time. CURCULIO? 5. Fufca minor, roftro longiori. The Wevil. This infe& is very deftructive to flour, as well as to moft forts of grain, and no where more pernicious than in Jamaica: but there are two or three other forts, of different kinds, that breed alfo among the corn in America, which are equally deftructive. : CURCULIO 4. Ater oblongus, capite craf- 1 The Jamaica Clock or fiori, Black or, This fpecies is very common about the houfes in Jamaica, and keeps generally in ground-rooms and pantry’s. CERAMBEX 1. Maior, fubfufeus G fibi E AEA utus. ` CERAMBEX 2. Subcinereus, maculis fufcis Es tibus variegatus, utráque eli- > The fpotted Capricorn, trå in aculeum definente. $ CERAMBEX 3. Mifellus brevior, feutd toracicá utrinque mucronata. CERAMBEX 4. Major oblongus, viridi - aureo Splendens, fcutá toracicá aculeo ? The Lady ‘Capricorn, utrinque armatá, antennis lon- {The mottled Capricorn. | | gifimis. ‘Tab. 43. f.8. This infe& is extremely beautiful; it is of a dark fhining green colour, with a mixture of gold, and generally about an inch and a half in length; but the body is moderately flender in proportion. The antenne are feldom under three inches in length, and arch back a good way beyond the wings as it flies. Every part of the infect abounds with vifcid clammy particles, of a ftrong difagreeable fmell, with which the fpirits wherein they are preferved are readily impregnated. The {mell holds for a confiderable time, even upon the fingers. CERAMBEX 5. Major niger, albo virgatus, pune gm large ftriped brevioribus comprejfis. 'Yab.43. £.7.$. Capricorn. This is the largeft of the Capricorn kind I have ever feen in ‘famaica, being gene- dally about an inch and a half in length, and near half an inch in breadth, about the infertion of the e/trz. Thefe are very ftiff, and marked each with a broad lon- gitudinal ftreak in the middle, and a narrower one at each margin; and terminate in afew {mall prickly points at the extremities.. The /cu/a of the thorax is pretty broad, ftriped like the wings, margined, and ferrated at both fides; but the antenne are not above one inch in length. CERAMBEX 6. Rufefcens, maculis paucioribus an-1 The brown Capricorn M gulatis albidis variegatus. with white fpots. CERAMBEX is tri " OS udine: pU fmall ftriped Capricorn bus tranfverfalibus virga- with prickly feelers tus, antennis fubaculeatis, BUPESTRIS 1. Fufca minima rugofa, The Monk, This OTHE !J3 A AMA A AC A, 431 This infe& is fmaller than the Wevil ; but the /zu£e, or cover of the thorax, is very large in proportion to the reft of the body, and ferves as a cover for the head of the infect, which is lodged in the fore-part thereof, and protruded or retracted at pleafure, The body is fixed to the other end of this, and covered by its ftrong hollow elitre. The antenna, or feelers, are pretty fhort, and divided into three equal fegments towards the top. It has three pair of legs, and a ftrong pair of nippers. The e/itre are rough and warted; and, with the cover of the thorax, feem to compofe the whole body of the infect, BUPESTRIS 2. Oblonga major, rugofa, nigra, fcutá tho- > racicá fpinulis recurvis utrinque mu- qu black Borer, nitd, The feelers of this curious infect are fhort, and divided into few joints or fegments, whereof the laft is largeft and moft diftin@. The head is of an oblong form, and furnifhed with a pair of ftrong fimple nippers; but is, like that of the foregoing, half buried in the /cuza of the thorax, where it moves with great facility, The cheft or thorax is covered with a ftrong rugged /euta, which, like that of the other, is roundifh and hollow, truncated at both ends, and furnifhed witha fingle row of fhort recurved prickles at each fide. The elitre are ftrong and rugged, and alfo furnifhed with fhort prickles at the fides. The infect is of an oblong form, and bur- rows always in trees; it bores with great eafe, and makes the fides of its hole very fmooth ; but this opens commonly in the under part of fome limb or branch, and runs generally upwards, fo as to prevent any inconvenience from either rains or damps. ‘They are very deftructive to the Spanifh plumb and pomegranate-trees. CASSIDA? 2. Albida, elitris membranaceis, corpore anguftiort compreffo. CASSIDA? 2. Albida, corpore compreffo fubrotundo, eli- ` tris membranaceis, Tab. 43. f. 13. $ The finaller Cafida, } The larger Caffida: Thefe two infects are extremely like each other, and probably the male and fe- male of the fame fort. The head is very (mall, and, with the breaft, lies covered under the {mall /cuta of the thorax. The e/fr are flat and tranfparent, pretty broad, and much longer than the body of the infect. The feelers are very flender, and made up of a feries of {mall joints, SEX PYRALIS 1. Minor fubcinerea oblonga, alis € oculis ni, eh mepa cantibus. Tab. 44. f g—a & b. ^ The Fire-Fly. This curious infect is frequent enough in Famaica, as well as the larger Fire-fly, The antenne are pretty flender, and compofed of many (hort joints: they rife im- mediately from between the eyes, juft above the fnout. The head is fmall, and fixed in the under fide of the /euta of the zborax, which is but of a moderate fize, rounded, convex on the back, of a femi-oval or femi-elliptic form, with the bafe placed towards the e/itr@; and receives the head in a peculiar lodge placed beyond the center of the /cuta, where it is joined to the trunk, having a free margin almoft round it. ‘The body of this infect is of an oblong form, and of a dirty white co- lour, as well as the e/itre ; but the eyes and wings are blackith, | | This creature, as well as phofphorical Elater, is luminous at night; bat the light is more ftrong and conftant in the other; for, in this, the luminous rays proceed entirely from the abdomen, where every part fcems to (hine with equal force; and the light is commonly vacillating, fhewing itfelf fometimes weaker, fometimes ftronger, and, at times, dying wholly away; but is conftantly re- newed again after a few feconds of time, It is however obferved, that the obfcure | inter- 4 db TH BANJAT U RA b HISTORY intervals are-nót of fo long a duration as the luminous moments, which the creature {ems always to command at pleafure. DYTISCUS 1. Minimus nigro-[blendens. The black Water Beetle: This infe& is frequent in moft of the low-land ponds of Jamaica, and moves with great dexterity on the furface of the water. ELATER 1. Major fufcus, phofphoricus. Tab. el The larger Fire- Fly f. 10. : | : This infe& is of an oblong form, about an inch or better in length, and mode- rately broad in proportion. It is very ftrong and elaftic; and being put on its back, will fometimes fpring to the height of four or five inches above the level on which it is placed, the only means whereby it is enabled to recover its natural po- fition when thus fituated. But nature, to enable it to go through this piece of me- chanifm, has fupplied it with peculiar organs; for that part of the /cz/a of the tho- rax, which may be properly called the fferuum, is producted a good way below the main body of the fhell, and received in a groove placed in the fore-part of the /cuta that covers the belly... When the infect contracts the mufcles of thofe parts, the back part of the cuta of the thorax is brought clofe to the e/itre of the back, and leans again{t the fhoulders, into which they are inferted. By thefe means the head and tail, the infe& being placed on its back, are the only parts that are contiguous to the plane; the prominent part of the fernum is forced a good way out, and prefled againft the verge of the groove, and a large interval is left behind between the middle part of the body of the infect and the plane: the body being put into this attitude, the mufcles of the belly begin to act in their turn; and the fernum being forced over the verge of its groove, flips very fuddenly into its common lodge, which brings the middle part of the body, with fo great a force, and fo fuddena jerk, againft the plane, that it naturally rebounds, and that in a degree proportioned to the firmnefs of the plane on which is the infe& is placed, This infect, befides the particularity of its fpring, is one of the greateft curiofi- ties the ifland affords; for it really is a perfect phofphorus for a confiderable part of life; moft of its internal parts being at times luminous, and the head furni(h- ed with two glandular fpots — a, placed juft behind the eyes in the common Jéuta of the head and fhoulders, from whence it emits ftreams of light for a confi- derable part of the night. But tho’ the luminous rays flow naturally from the infe& while awake, it feems to have the power of interrupting them at plea- fure, and then thefe {pots are quite opake. I have already mentioned that moft of the internal parts of this infect emit a light, but the thicknefs of the cover prevents it from appearing thro’ any other place but thofe conftituted for that ofe: yet on forcing the rings, that cover the different paris of the body, a little afunder, you may obferve the fame light to iffue from all the entrails in- - ely tS 3 (ju | A perfon may, with great eafe, read the fmalleft print by the light of one of thefe infe&ts, if held between the fingers and moved. gradually along the lines, with the luminous fpots immediately over the letters; but eight or ten of them being put into a clear vial, will give light enough to read or write very clearly by. | They are feldom feen in the day time, but wake with the evening, and continue both to move and glow for a confiderable part of the night. They fly very difor- derly in general, and their frequent obícure intervals renders their flight ftill more confufed; but they move naturally towards each other, for nature feems to have given them thefe marks, to diftinguith one another, as the only means whereby they . Arc enabled to propagate their kind; and from hence the negroes have learnt the art 1 i 2 e : of Qo £:n]i:A MUA Lac A 433 holding one (a) between their fingers, and waving it up and down, fo that it may be feen by others, who, taking it for fome of their own kind, fly dire&ly towards it, and pitch upon the hand, if they do not difcover the deceit before they come too near, Thefe infects are very common in Jamaica, but they keep moftly in the mountains and inland parts: they are fo drowíy and torpid by day, that it is a difficult matter to make them fhew any figns of life; and, if they do, it is only to fall into the fame ftate immediately after; yet, while they hold awake, they are luininous, tho’ they recover the ufual vigour only with the night, TORFICULA 1. Minor fufca capite de- i torni Sacra Pe ry £r fo. This infe& is not uncommon in pantries and ground-cellers in Jamaica: it fel- dom exceeds feven-tenths of an inch in length. BLATTA 1. Minor fætida, appendicibus cauda V The long-tailed Cock- gioribus erelis arcuatis. roach. Tho’ this infect be pretty common on board moft of the fhips that trade to Ya- maica, I have not obferved many of them afhore: they are rather more difagreea- ble and loathfome than the larger forts. BLATTA 2. Rufefcens major, elitris fubmembrana- 3 ceis nitentibus, cruribus birfutis. > The Cock-Roach. Blatta. Cat. App. t. 10. Thefe are the moft loathfome infe&ts in America: they are very flat, and creep into every cheft and drawer, where they find the leaft crevice; but it is remarked they do not touch filks of any kind, though they gnaw all manner of woollen cloaths, efpecially thofe that have been dufted with powder. This creature throws off its outward coat very frequently, and appears quite frefh and young after every change. It lays its eggs feparately ; they are of an oblong form, rounded, and moderately edged on one fide: they are very large in proportion to the infe&, and BLATTA 3. Minor fufca tranfoerfé ftriata,. alis | : minoribus, | Du ¢ The Wood-Digger. Blatta. Cat. App. t. 10. 2 r E C016 This infe& is neither fo troublefome nor fo difagreeable as the foregoing: it digs frequently into foft pieces of timber, where it kefps a throbbing noife, not un- like our death- watches in Europe. «s €: in a! MANTIS 1. Corpore antennis. €? pedibus longifi- ! ‘ : mis tenuiffimifque. Tab. 42. f. 5. | Ie. oue This creature is eafily diftinguifhed from all other infe&ts by its flender make, and the length of all its limbs. The body is feldom lefs than fix inches long, pretty even, and not above one-eighth of an inch in diameter. The feelers and legs are very flender, and feldom lefs than four inches in length. | MANTIS 2. Alata viridis, corpore bre- i The Leaf: Fly of Edwards. viori. t. 109. This is much fhorter than the foregoing, and winged; but it is much of the fame make otherways. ; i (a) In cafe they do not catch rag of the fpecies readily, they take a fired ftick, or a candle, and wave it up and down inftead of a fly. AM T HO NA;TU RAL HIS BORY GRILLUS 1. Maximus viridis, aculeo latiori fal- ca £0. irse large green Lochft. This is the largeft of all the winged infects of Jamaica: it is of a beautiful green colour, and fupported by long thorny legs, adorned with fharp griping nails. GRILLUS 2. Medius fufcus, capite crafiori. The Cricket. GRILLUS 3. Minor aculeo recto, capite fenuiori, an- 1 The fmall Wood- tennis longiffimts, Cricket. All thefe fpecies are frequent in the woods and inland parts of Yamaica, where they keep a loud difagreeable noife for the greateft part of the night; but they hide . themfelves by day, and país the hours of light in perfect tranquillity, AR Tapoi Ei M Of tbe Hemipteræ, or Juch as have their elitræ or outward wings, partly thin and ` membranous and partly fiif and opake. — Tho’ this claf takes its denomination from the form of the wings, which is pe- culiar to many of them, they are chiefly diftinguifhed by the make and dif- pofition of the probofcis or oral duct, which is long, flender, and ftraight, in moft of the fpecies, and generally bent back under the breaft, ICADA 1. Major nigra, cruribus bir fatis, emit The jage Black GA membranaceis nervofis, —— | _ This infe& is as large as any of our wild bees in Europe, but of a longer make. The head is very large in proportion to the body, and the wings nervous and tranf- CIMEX 1. Fetidus ledtuarius, alis deflitutus, ‘The Chink or Bug. Thefe infects are very common in Jamaica; and the people to avoid them, as much as poffible, are not only obliged to make ufe of the hardeft and fmootheft timbers in their bedíteads, as the leaft capable of harbouring them; but wath them frequently with boiling water, to deftroy fuch as may chance to feulk) in any of the {maller crevices of the frame. ` CIMEX 2, Silvefiris alata, ex albo viridis, ftcut dorfi 1 The {mall green et -utrinque tnucronatá, Tab. 43. f. 14. Wood-Chink. "This little infe& is frequent in. the woods of famaica; it is pretty broad in pro- portion to its length, efpecially about the fhoulders; but of a thin comprefíed make. It is of a pale green. colour mixed with very minute black fpecks in every part, and feldom exceeds three-eighths of an inch in length. ACANTHARIS 1. Fujfcus, ventre obovato fupernà ` cochleato,: -inferne carinato> The brown Acantharis. Iai] acuto, -- Tab. 44. f. 11. Antenne tenues articulate, longitudine pedum. Caput oblongum tenue, pro- boft ide tereti inftructum, Peétus auguflum oblongum, fuperne binis denti- culis infiruétum. Corpus majusculum, obovato-oblongum, fupernè depreffuma leniter que cocbleatum, margine denticulis aliquot acutis infirudiums inferne tumidum carinatum. Rofirum. tenue. fubulatum.reflexum, la membra- nacee decidue, B bee) a ee “ih e ea Y Ae eed i uis I have Orig AM aiie X 435 . I have met with this little infect pretty often in Jamaica, but do not know zny thing like it yct defcribed. It is obferved to throw off its wings at fome icafon of the year. NOTONECTA 1. Fufca tenuis, cruribus, longiffimis ventre albido 1 The Boat-Fly. This infe& is very common about all the ftagnating waters in Yamatca, and walks with the greateft eafe and fpeed upon the furface of them. ^ All the parts of the infeét are extremely flender and delicate, BRUCHUS 1. Kermefinus maculis nigris notatus, elitra- rum extremis fufcis. Tab, 43. £16. 16 ? The Cotton- Fly. This little infect is chiefly of a ícarlet colour, and has but a fmall head in proportion to its body. The feelers are {hort and delicate, the probofcis long and flender, the body oblong and comprefled, and the e/itre narrow and oblong, thick and opake near. the body, but more membranous and tranfparent at the extremity. The caterpillars of thefe flies are frequently pernicious to the cotton-bufhes, and often deftroy whole fields of the moft promifing plants, in a very fhort ond: ELLIPTA 1 1. Minima faija fee dion Tab. 43. This little infect is extremely curious; but I do not recollect where, or by what chance I have met with it, The body of an oval form, and very thin; the antenne {mall and delicate; the eyes moderately Jarge, but comprefied, and form a fegment of the orb or circumference of the common mafs, on each fide of the fnout ; which renders them confpicuous both under and over the body: nor does the head, from which the frobofcis ftretches pen mnn, downwards, feem to project from the orb, but forms a part of an uniform eliptic, with the reft of the body, The feet are Gx in pumber whereof the two foremoft are large and robuft, and furnifhed with fo many a 1g fubulated nails; but the others are made and pane for walking. The wings are fcárcely difcernible. — . $ The finall brown Edita, APHIS 1. Compreffa oblonga, alis nigro undulatis. © 'The Blaft, This infe& is very common in America, and generally ; pernicious to all the plants on which it breeds: it has been fome years known to deftroy whole fields, nay, whole crops of canes; nor do the very trees on which they breed, ever flou- rifh. When they are very numerous, people are obliged to burn every thing about them, even the moft promifing plants; nor are we foon likely to difcover a better method, unlefs the acid team of burning fulphur can prove of any fervice, Thefe infects are of that tribe, whofe individuals grow quite unaCtive after they grow to a perfect ftate: they always raife the bark of the plants on which they breed, and lay their eggs under it. COCCINELLA 1. Alis deftituta, corpore rugofo. | Scarabeus bemijpbericus cocbinilifer. Pet. Gaz. t. 1. ¢ The Cocheneal Fly. Nochernopalli, Hern. 78. . Caput parvum, a corpore vix di initia, probofcide attentato brevi in- firuétum. Antenne breviffime dorfum verfus fite. Oculi? (nullos wire licuit. ) Corpus ellipticum fucculentum, inferne Juócompr Ges Jupern? convexum & tranfverf? firiatum. Pedes parore tres, breviffimi, flexiles attenuati. i This 4356. THE NATURAL HISTORY This infe& is of the torpid fort, and performs all the neceflary offices. of life while it is fmall; but it foon grows large, and then lives almoft motionleís for the remaining part of life. It is'now pretty common in Yamaica, where it is faid to have been introduced from the main continent, not many years ago: it breeds chiefly upon the prickly-pear in that ifland, that particular fpecies called the Tuna, on which they commonly breed, being very rare there. They are com- monly found wrapt up in fmall tufts of delicate white down, which yields like a cobweb ; and fticks pretty clofe to the fides of the infect, immediately above the legs, as if it had grown out of that part of the body, They live chiefly’ upon fuc- culent plants, but are moft commonly found upon thofe of the Caéfus tribe, which generally fupply them both with faftenings and a defence: for which rea- fon, the Indians, who are the only people that raife them, propagate large quan- tities of the moft harmlefs fpecies of that clafs, to breed them upon; as it affords a better opportunity both for managing and colle&ing them. But their fre- quent harvefts, and the heavy rains that fall in thofe countries, would render all their induftry, in this refpect, ufelefs; did they not always take care to preferve and protect a fufficient ftock of breeders; which is generally done in the following manner, viz. Every Indian who manufa&ures Cocheneal, is fupplied with regular walks or plots of Tuna (a), to feed his infe€&ts; and when he apprehends the fea- fons are fetting in, he cuts off fome of the beft furnifhed branches, and plants them in his nurfery-houfe (2), leaving the infects on the remaining part of the tree to be collected by the proper workmen, who brufh ’em off very carefully ; and gather them in {mall bafkets, or cloaths, to be dried and prepared for the market ; while the others fwell and breed very copioufly on the protected plants. But when the feafons are quite over, and the weather again fettled, thefe are alfo brufhed off and fixed a-new on the plants in the walks, where they fpread and increafe until the fol- vang crop: for in thofe countries the rains fall chiefly at two ftated feafons, and would wath away the infects if they had not been gathered or protected. The dye obtained from thefe infects formerly ufed to be prepared, by pound- ing them, and fteeping the pulp in the deco&ion of the Texuatla (c), or that of fome other plants, which they obferved to heighten the colour: this was left to fettle at leifure, and afterwards made into cakes and dried for the market. But of late they have found both a better and a more expeditious method of pre- ferving the dye, which is by drying the infects whole, either in an oven, or upon the baking-ftones, 3 Ach TRES oe ee Of the Neuroptere, or fuch as have all their wings thin and membranous, and vari- i =- s oufly interwoven with firong tendinous ribs. as ANORPA 1. Major fcutá pettorale utrinque alatá, a- ^ P culo “inp Tab. 43. gi " i The LORAN pe This infe& is generally about three quarters of an inch, or better, in length, and above c nl in breadth. The head is nearly as wide as the body of the fly, and ad- orned with a pair of large round eyes, fituated laterally ; leaving a large intermediate {pace which i$ marked with three prominent glands. The feelers are {mall, and the frobofcis long, flender, and delicate. The /cuta of the thorax is pretty large, and throws out a ftrong margin on both fides; but joins to a more contracted one behind, which covers the fore-part of the belly, from whence it emits its large membranous wings. The body from this part back, contracts gradually, and, at length, terminates (a) See Cactus, (^) Thefe are fpacious fheds, well filled with rich mould, and covered with thatch, in which the breeders are preferved and fupplied with proper nourifhment, during the incle- mency of the feafons, («) It is, probably, a fpecies of the Adsla/foma, or fome milky plant. in "m Sai AaM ATIZAa AHUT 431 in a pointed fheath or vagina, that covers a fingle, channeled and flightly bearded weapon ; but it is ee undérneath from thé top to the bottom. The loweft of the two figures. marked 15. tab. 43, is a. reprefentation of the exuvie of this infect in another (iate; for after the creature has lived fonié time under ground, it works its way up, and appears in this form; in which ftate it conti- nues for fome time, though very flothful and una&ive ; but at length it climbs into fome neighbouring buth, {ticks its hooked claws in the bark of fome tender branch and throws off its coat, to make its appearance in the winged ftate. LI Note, The mark in the back fhews where the infect burfts its old coat to cónie out. RAPHIDIA 1. Minor; alis den/iffime reticulatis, cor- pore Jubrotundo. i The,fmaller Raphidia. . This infect is very like the foregoing in the general form’ and difpofition ‘of its parts; but the weapon feems to be quite inert, and divided into three parts. The wings are very clofely ribbed. LIBELLULA 1. Tota us The green Lady-Fly. "LIBELLULA. 2, Fajfca tenuis, ad | caruleo nitens. LIBELLULA 3. Maxima rufula, petore n i The. dlaiiet-colodired Jori Lady-Fly. " LIBELLULA 4. Tenuior tota viuis. The finall blue Lady-Fly. Thefe infects are very common in Jamaica; they are very active, and moft frequently obferved in low {wampy places. oculos C8 anum i The SES Lady-Fly, AiR d C i Ss V. Of tbe Lepidoptere, or fuch as have thin membranous wings varioufly interwoven with frong tendinous ribs, and covered with fmall opake fetales or feathers, Note, The individuals of this clafs are generally very beautiful, and pres appear with a moft amazing variety of colours. APILIO r. Major crocea, maculis aut The large orange-coloured Butterfly P cis & nervis nigris varia with black {pots and ribs. This is a very handfome fly, and freqyently met with in the cabinets of the cu- tious, The caterpillar is very large, and of different colours; but the aurelia is of a beautiful green with golden fpots. , It feeds and hangs its s aurelia on the yild Tpecacuanba. PAPILIO 2. Major tota lutea. The large yellow Butterfly. PAPILIO E — de luteo eti sess large black and yam utterfly. | PAPILIO 4. Minor rubella, recat ni-1 The {mall fleth-coloured Butterfly gris & albis varia. « with black and white {pots E 5. Media rufula, limbis a-2 The middling brown Butter- : ] arum maculis nr fly with black and white!fpots in & albis varits. the margin of the wings. 5 U PA- * hs» THE NATU RIAL (HISTORY PAPILIO 6. Minor tota argentea. The fmall filver-white Butterfly. PAPILIO 7. Nigra, limbis alarum a rhe black Butterfly with white fpots bidis, variegatis. in the margin of the wings. PAPILIO 8. Major nigra, centro }' The larger black Butterfly with orange alarum croceo, fpots in the middle of the wings. PAPILIO 9. Minor rufula. The {mall brown Butterfly. PAPILIO 10. Minor, ventre rujefcenti, alis 1 The {mall pink and blue ceruleis, Butterfly. PAPILIO 11. Minor e cinereo 'rufefcens, oc, {mall fleth- coloured Butterfly albo maculata. with white fpots. PHAL/ENA 1. Maxima cinereo-mifcella, oculis majo- ribus. Tab.43. fiy. — l The Mujkeeto Hawk. This is the largeft infect of the tribe I have ever feen in Yamaica : itis never abroad but in the earlier hours of night, when the Mz/£eeto's are moft troublefome, which gave rife to its common appellation ; moft people imagining that it feeds on thefe infects. It is reprefented of the natural fize, PHALZENA 2. Albo-rubella, mifcella & tranf- + he fmall flefh-coloured Butterfly, verfe virgata. ut There is a great variety as well of this as of the foregoing tribe, in Ya- . maica, which I have taken no pains to collect: but as the two genus’s are very diftinct, I have inferted a few of the moft remarkable of each fort, for the fatis- faction of the curious. : AUR TOU £GOBGE X. Of the Hymenoptere, or fuch as have four thin membranous wings. Note, The infects of this clafs appear commonly as f their bodies had been made upof two diftinct parts: they are generally of an oblong form very active, and always furnifhed with weapons, | Hie ia ES il ie. xxm The large black hairy Bee, This fpecies is not common in Jamaica; I have never obferved more than two or three of the kind, which I found in the woods of Portland. The fecond joints of the hind legs are always armed each with a ftrong /efa or briftle, probably to ferve as a faftening for its load. It is reprefented of the natural fize, APIS 2, Rufefcens innocua, fub terram nidulans. The Grave-Digger. I have never known any of this fpecies to fting, tho’ no infect is more common about all the houfes in the iland. They burrow moftly in the piazzas and other covered places. : | | APIS 3. Nigro & fubviridi tranfuerf virgata. The ftreaked olive Bee. 4 | This O RF) ÈJ ^A AME A T AGNA; 439 This infe& is pretty common both in St, Elizabeth's and Wefimoreland; but I have never obferved it in any other part of the ifland, It has very large eyes, and is not eafily provoked to fting, APIS 4. Major, fufco €2 aurantiaco virgata. The Wafp. ~ Thefe infects are very violent, and, upon the leaft provocation, fly at thofe who difturb them. Their nefts are formed in comprefied cakes of a triangular form, and ftick by fo many fimple narrow ligaments, which rife out of the upper an- gles, to the limbs of trees or corners of rocks, The cells are all membranous, and open on the under fide of the cakes; but the upper fuperficies and liga- ments are always wafhed over with a fort of varnifh, which prevents any damage from the rains, The holes are hexangular or round. APIS 5. Subfufca innocua alveariis lutofis, | The Free-Mafon. Thefe infects live in fmall focieties, and make their cells of mud. They build generally under cover, to protect their nefts from the weather. APIS 6. Mellifera oblonga vulgaris, The common Bee. Thefe ufeful infects have been frequently introduced to Jamaica; but they do not often thrive there, and the want of fuccefs is generally attributed to the pernicious ants. I have feen them, however, raifed extremely well at Mr. Rip- dey’s, in Liguanea ; and do not know of any method, befides common care, that was taken to preferve them, He had above fixty hives under the eves of one thatched houfe, when I was there, APENDIGASTER 1. Cruribus pofericribus longiff- ; f. 6. ini; Ekia i The purfe-belliedFly. "This curious little infect is about the fize of an ordinary fly, and much of the fame appearance at a diftance. The head is of an oval form, furnithed with a pair of fmall nippers, and adorned with a pair of moderate fimple feelers, fixed between the eyes. A {mall nick joins this to the thorax, out of which the wings rife, two on each fide, refembling thofe of the common fly very much: but from the bottom of the breaft it throws out two pair of fmall legs; and the remaining hinder part di- vides immediately into two lobes, out of which the hinder legs, which are vaftly longer and larger than the others, rife. From the middle of the back, between the wings, and from the part oppofite to the fpace that lies between the fecond and third pair of legs, it throws out a flender round tube, which runs into a triangu- lar and flightly comprefled bag behind the lobes formed by the hinder part of the main body, and terminates in a fmall vagina, out of which the point of a fimple aculeum appears. ) FORMICA 1. Maxima rufefcens, roftro cuneiformi. Ted 43. f LE. The Lion-Ant. Thefe infe&s are frequent in Jamaica, but not very troublefome, as they keep chiefly in the fields, The male is of a beautiful greenifh blue about the head and breaft, but of a brown colour, like the others, behind. There are three remark- able little glands placed irregularly between the eyes of them. FORMICA 2. Major, fupra terram nidulans, The Wood-Loufe, Thefe infects, on the appearance of rain, quit the ground, and climb into the branches of trees, or along the walls of houfes, to build their nefts in the branches of * to THE/NAT URNA L* HIS TOR Y of the former, or among the timbers of the other; making regular vaulted channels along the roads, to protect them from the weather in their marches; which, as well as the nefts, are built of particles eroded from different timbers; mixed up with mud, and fome other ingredient that prevents their being diffol- ved by the rains; The nefts are very large, and under an even furface, are di- vided into a thoufand {mall regular cells, - with convenient intercourfes through the whole. Thefe infeCts.are very troublefome in the rainy feafons, and frequently deftroy moft of the timbers among which they build, as well as hooks, trunks, papers, &e, that come then in their way. They fhew us a mofi beautiful example of a commonwealth, where all work and feed alike, each aififling cheer- fully in the common caufe. : j FORMICA 3. Domeflica omnivora, The Ant. Thefe infects are very common in Jamaica, and frequent about moft of the houfes: they are very voracious, and endeavour to have a part of every thing that is flirting. FORMICA 4. Minima faccarivora. TheSugar-Ant. — 3 Thefe infe&s are extremely fmall, and will creep thro’ any crevice to get at fugar; of which they are great lovers; as well the foregoing, The only effectual way of keeping them off, is to put whatever you intend to preferve on a ftand placed in a bafon of water; and even here, you may. fometimes obferve thofe that are drowned in the attempt, made ufe of asa float for the others to. get over. If you hang a fugar-box out of the way, you may for a time preferve it from thefe infects ; but when one gets to it, either by chance or otherways, you may be fure to fee all the ants in the neighbourhood there {foon after; fo that they feem to hold it as a maxim not to mifs the prefent opportunity, but to make it general, by giving immediate notice to the whole community, : C Ee A IDs Ik br RTT See ee ^ HE productions of this tribe were al ways found not only ufeful to mankind in general; but fo very curious in their forms, parts, and mechanifms, that they have, at all times, engaged the attention of the writers of Natural Hiftory: and yet the difficulty that. attends the bringing of them under a juft examination; and the impoffibility of knowing their ordinary actions, or examining many of their | mechanical powers, have rendered this part of the fcience extremely imper- fect, until that happy genius, the accurate Z/rfedzw:, had applied himfelf to the íludy of it; and with inconceivable pains and difficulties brought it to a ftate of perfection, equal, if not fuperior, to that of moft other parts of natural know- ledge. Andif we find him to have fome errors or inaccuracies, they are fure to depend on the credit he was fometimes obliged to give to the writings of others, where it was impoffible for him to be an eye-witnels himfelf. f The beautiful order in which that ingenious author has ranged the produdions of this clafs in general, engaged me to difpofe the fithes of Jamaica in the fame manner, which I fhall, with him, divide into the five following claffes, viz, * I. Such e^ OF Fp ey! A» Mr A HS GA. 44i i I. Such as have open gills, and the radii of their fins-of a boney texture, but not pungent, I]. Such as have open gills, and fome of the radii of their fins Riff and pun- ent. : IU. Such as have the radi of their fins boney, but have not open gills. N. B. Thefe have a narrow aperture on both fides of the head, thro’ which they receive and diícharge the water occafionally; and are commonly furni(hed with a pair of thin membranous lungs, as well as with dran- chtoftegeous membranes. IV. Thofe that have the radi of their fins, and moft of the fmaller bones, of a cartilaginous nature, and hardly diftinguifhable from their coverings. V. Such as have their tails difpofed in an horizontal pofition. Note, All the fpecies of this tribe are viviparous, and furnifhed with lungs, and regular parts both for procreation and the nutrition of their I The two firft of thofe being very numerous, we fhall range them in the fol- lowing fucceflion, as our author has done, viz. I. . Thofe that have only one fin in the back, and that about the middle. . Such as have only one fin in the back, with a little flefhy protuberance near the tail. I oM 4. Such as have only one fin in the back, and that fituated neareft to the tail 4. Such as have one or more fins extended the whole length of the back. g. Such as have only one fin in the back, and that running fo far back as not to be diftinguifhed from the tail, 6. Such as have no fins, or but a very fmall one in the back, H. 1. Such as have {mooth heads, ais 2. Such as have pric ly heads: o FC T Q'YNGNATHUS 1. Parte anteriori bexagond, poferiori Glide) S draugulá, caudá impinnd. H The So fiut. pus żon aculeatus, Will. t. " 5: s. e This little fifh is very frequent in all the harbours both of Jamaica and the other fugar-colonies; but it feldom exceeds four inches in length, and is remarkable only in its uncommon form. | tured The Trumpeter, or An, Solenoftomus caudá bifurcd, &c. Gron. Muf, Ich, TR TIR This fifh is frequent in the harbours of Jamaica about the months of Yune and ` July, and is generally about eighteen inches, or better in length. ‘The head is long and narrow; the jaws clofed up at the fides; the mouth very fmall; and the body long and flender. SOLENOSTOMUS 1. Corpore tereti fubrotundo, caudá MENIDIA 1. Corpore fubpellucido, lined laterali rey Anchovie, o or {mall latiori argented. ‘Tab. 45. f. 3. Silver This little fith feldom exceeds three inches in length, and isfometimes very common in the harbours of Jamaica. The head is Puy large ia x exer to the ar | 5X ks THE NATURAL HISTORY but the mandibles are of a moderate fize, and minutely indented at the margin; and the brangioflegeous membranes, which hang pretty loofely from both fides of the lower jaw, are füftained each by about twelve flender officles nearly of a fize. The fins are, 1. One in the back, fituated about the middle of the body, and fut - tained by about fifteen radii, 2. Three in the body, whereof two fland very near the gills (a), and are accompanied each with a pointed fcaley appendix: but the third is nearer the anus, and fituated about the middle of the body ;. it is like the back fin, but longer, and placed fomewhat nearer the 4. Tail, which is bifurcated. The lateral line is very broad in proportion to the fize of the filh, and of a-glofly ' filvec white; but the reft of the body is more obfcure, and moderately. trant- arent. This little fith is extremely delicate, and in great efteem with moft lovers of fib. They are generally ferved up fried; and when well pickled are no ways inferior to thofe of the name in Europe: however, they have not hitherto fucceeded in the colour, nor can it be expected in any filh that is tranfparent. CYPRINUS 1. Craffufeulus fubargenteus, radio D The fmalleft grey penne analis longiori. | Cyprinus. This little fifh feldom exceeds two inches and a half in length, but it is pretty thick in proportion. The head is flatted, and tapering towards the mouth; the jaws fomewhat ductile; the eyes near and black; and the érancbiofiegeous membrane fuftained by five delicate arched ofiicles. The body is of an oblong make, thickifh, - covered with pretty large ícales, and furnifhed with 1. One fin in the back, of about eight radii; 2. Two oblong pectorals; 3. Two ímall ventrals, placed towards the anus; 4. One fimall anal fin; and, 5. A fquare tail. “T found this little fifh in a frefh water {pring near the fea, to the eaftward of Kingflon. tis pretty ftraight in the back, but fomewhat arched below: its eggs are large in proportion to the fize of the body. — AMIA 1. Subargentea, labris equalibus, oficulis PEROT The Tropo vigintiduobus. AMIA 2. Labio fuperiori longiori, oficulis branchiofte- gis quatuordecim. i The Ten-Pounder. Thefe fithes differ but very little in appearance, being both nearly of a fize, oblong, roundifh, and covered with very large {cales. They have but one fin in the back, which is, placed rather beyond the middle, and throws out its laft radii furtheft : the pectoral fins are placed near the head, and fituated pretty low: the ventrals are {maller than theíe, but like them, and placed near the center of the body: bnt the anal fin is uneven and fituated near the tail, which is forked. The lateral fin is ftraight and even. ‘They grow frequently to the length of two feet, 2 m feet and a half; but are fo full of bones that they are feldom ufed but in rotns. za lil&s2id i EXOCETUS 1. | Pennis peétoralibus longifimis acuminatis. Hirundo jaiivani. Will. t. p. 4. :no-Fifh Parabili fecunda: Pif. 61. Exocetus. Art. Syn. Pif. 18. The Plyidg i The Flying-Fifh of Edwards. p. 4. t.2i0, ^ j Thefe fifhes are Very frequent in all the American feas; and generally obferved to keep in fhoals. They ate fo common about Bar?edoes in fome: feafons of the year, that many people buy them for their negrocs: they cat very delicate and tender, and feem to be much hunted for by the dolphin and other voracious fithes. | IO 83 (4) Thefemay be called pectoral fins, but they ate fituated Very low. t CLUPEA "i 3/9 Ruy A. M AT AG. A? 443 CLUPEA ' t. Minor, radio ultimo penne dorfalis longiffmo. The Sprat, — .'Thefe are the moft common fifhes in ¥amaica, but, not regarded there, tho’ much eíteemed in the Windward I/lands, where they are often poifonous, | 4 CLUPEA, 2. Major argentea, dorfo carulefcenti. The Herring. This fith is much larger than the foregoing, and no ways inferior to the European either in (ize or delicacy. "Phéy are common about Jamaica in the months of March, April, and May; but feldom ufed by the better fort of people, who are always fupplied with a great variety of the larger and richer kinds. ESOX r. Maxilld inferiore produttá. Tab. 45. fig. 2. "The Piper. This fith feldom exceeds twelve or fifteen inches in length. The body is of an ob- long form, and obtufely quadrangular; the mouth fall ; the bill thin and com- prefied ; and the branchiofegeous membrane fuftiined by bbóut fourteen flender offi- cles... The breaft fins are {mall and narrow; the ventrals fhort, and fituated beyond the center. of the body; the anal ftnall and triangular ; the dorfal much like the anal, and oppofit ei the tail forked; and the lateral line near and parallel to the beily. d BOX 2. Cigi piis producid tereti dentatd. -Efox maxilla. fuperiore: longiore, cauda quadrata. DI Ich, Art. & Gron. Muf, The Gar-Fifh. Acus Opiani. Will. t. p. 8. f. 2: Both the jaws of this fifh are long and flender, and fürnifhed with (hii conic teeth.” "Phe fins of the back and anus are pretty long, and extend towards the tail; ‘but the firft radii of each ftretch out further. ‘than the reft, which are but of a moderate length. The tail in both fpecies is forked, but the upper prong is always fhorter than the other, and the lateral line is near aiid almoft parallel to the belly. The body is long, roundi(h, and flender in proportion; and gene- rally about ‘three. feet, or Gas in length; ; but never above two inches in dià- meter. It is a fifh or prey, and runs with great agility on the furface of the wa- ter, leaping frequently from place to place, for many yards together. It is a firm, dry, wholefome filh; but the bones are always green, which PSS many pco- ple againft it. The eggs are very large. 'ECHENEIS 1. Fafcus, pinnis poflerioribus allo si ile Remora, Cat. ii. t. 26. The Sucking-Fith, Iperu-guiba Brafilienfis, Will. t, G. 8: i This fifh. is remarkable, on account of its /ewfa, which is placed on the back and upper part of the head, by whofe fetulæ. or fhort briftles it faftens itfelf to the fides of thips, planks, fithes, or other bodies, at pleafure ; for they are dif- pofed in ridges, which generally run, from twenty one to twenty three, acrofs the feuta. The eyes are placed rather on the under fide of the head, by which means it is the better enabled to obferve every thing that pafles, while it continues fixed by the back of the head, The fith is of an oblong rounded form, tapering to- wards the tail; with the belly-fins joined together by a membrane. CORYPHJENA 1. Ceruleo varie fplendens, cauda bifurca. Coryphena iu Rd Art. Syn. 21. & aoe d The Dolphin. This is one of the Ax Beautiful filhes of thofe feas, for it always appears with a variety of very thining colours while it.continues in the water, It is a fith of 44 THE AATU R ALIH NST OR Xa of prey, and commonly met with in the ocean, where it 1s often obferved to fwim with great fwiftnefs after both the flying and other {mall fifhes, The head is pretty large, but fomewhat flatted on the fides, and rounded before. The body is of the fame fize and make about the breaft ; but it tapers gradually from thence to the tail. It is too dry a fith to be eftcemed; and is feldom uted unlefs when young and tender. GYMNOGASTER 1. Argenteus compreffus, caudd atte-Y nuatá impinnd. ‘Tab. 45. f. 4. Gymnogafter Gron. Muf. Ich. An Stromateus L. S, N.? | Serpens marinus compreffus, &c. Barr. 5 The Sword-Fifh. Mucu You/t. 37. 1. fed male ad caudam depicía eff. | Mucu Brafilienfis Will. t. 97. © Angulla Indica. App. t. 3. y This is one of the moft common fifhes in the harbour of Kingfon: It is generally about three feet in length, very flat, and not above two or three inches broad, The body is fmooth, being covered only with a thin membra- nous fkin: the head is pretty long: the mouth wide: the jaws. furnifhed with long pointed ‘teeth ; but the foremoft have each a fingle barb on the infide, and thofe that lay farther back are flatted and of a lanceolated form. The lower jawis fomewhat longer than the other, and the palate is furnifhed with a thin membranous expanfion on both fides. The tongue is ímooth; the pharynx denti- culated; the iris of filver-white; and the nafal apertures large, and placed near the eyes. The branchioftegous membrane is furnifhed with feven arched offi- cles; and the operculum extended backward, with a {mall membranous expan- fion. The pectoral fins are of a trapezoidal form, and faftained by eleven radii each. The dorfal is pretty low, and continued from the head to the tail. The fith has neither ventral nor anal fins, except a few very fhort, fharp, prickles that rife at ftated diftances between the anus and the tail, which is alfo naked, but of . alengthened flender form. ‘The body is flat, and bends eafily to either fide, but not up and down, as is commonly reprefented. They are very fwift in their mo- tions, and feem to be filhes of prey; for they are frequently found marked with Ícars, which is a fure demonftration of their pugnatious nature. The lateral line ftretches almoft in an uninterrupted dire&ion from the upper part of the bronchial apertures to the very extremity of the tail. In deference to my learned friend, I have continued the appellation by which he was pleafed to defcribe this fifh; though I muft acknowledge I am apt to think it a fpecies of the Z/arcbicas. - | MURUENA 1. Unicolor maxilld inferiore longiore. Att. Syn. 39.1. —* «Anguilla Saliv. Will. t. G. s. i ages. This fifh is frequent in all the lagoons and rivers of Jamaica, and not at all different from that of Europe, ` MURJENA 2. Su | CENE I. ide cured. Tab. 43 rie Murane, Murena Saliu. Will. t. 9. f. 1. MURANA 3. Major Jübolivacea, guld & iride argenteis, ro- fufca, lituris albidis varia, roffro anguftiori, ] Ay eR 713 Ji fori. The Congre. Murzna viridis. ‘ane 20.- 2 : n : Thefe two laft fpecies are extremely like each other. The fnout is of a moderate length, and rounded in both ; and the jaws befet with long, flender, upright teeth: but, befides thefe, they are alfo furnifhed with three or four fangs, fet one behind 2 | another r Gri Hp A M ATIC X 447 in the middle of the P Thefé are of the fame form with the teeth, but larger and mobile; yielding backwards with the leaft preffure, and rifing upright again when that is over: but the joints, whereby they are fixed, will not allow them to incline forwards, nor to move in any other dire&ion. Both thefe fpecies want the breaft-fins; and the fkin about the upper part of the belly, where the ftomach is fituated, is baggy, lax, and yielding; but the reft of the body is like the common eel. They are put to no ufe in Samaica, where they commonly go under the denomination of water-{nakes, to which their fangs feem to give them a fair title, PLAGUSIA 1. Subcinerea, caudd attenuata P npn The little brown Sole oculis a. finifiro. with a pointed tail. This little fith is very different from the reft of the flat tribe: the cover 'of the gills is lefs du@tile; the dranchioflegeous membrane faftained. by feven delicate-offi- cles ; and the body, which is flat and tapering, is deftitute both of pectoral and tail-fins, and ends in a fhatp point behind, where both margins are lightly covered by a continuation of the back and anal fins. ‘The fides have no remarkable lateral lines, but the fkin is every where covered with minute fcales. PLEURONECTES 1. Fujcus fubrotundus glaber, oculis a - dextro, lineis feptem nigris And Seren inter pen- The aie. "am pettoralem & caudam. "The lateral line is very fmall and ftraight i in this fh, and croffed by feveral tranfveríe black lines, formed by fome of thofe {mall (cales that cover the furface of the (kin. It is a very delicate filh. PLEURONECTES 2. Sudcinereus oblongus glaber, oculis a . í j The Sole: Jinifiro. Though this fpecies be much fmaller than the foregoing, it is held in equal eftecm, and cx v TR to be ires more fislicate apd Ve | x E E E A i PLEURONECTES iR “Subfiafeus M stor & fubrotundus, oculis a dextro, capitis Serres Bracket Flounder, tiliato. This fifh is not fo common as either of the other forts, tho’ it istometines met with in the markets of Jamaica. It is rather fmaller than the foregoing, andveats | like the reft of the tribe: | Sik di ice T. IL IPHIAS 1. Rofiro longiori attenuato ka p Xiphias. Art. Syn. 47. & Will. t ud The Ocean King Fi This fifh is feldom feen near the fhore; iuc is [iau though ap taken in thofe feas, and much efteemed both for its flavour and delicacy. HELOPS I, Rufe eftens, iride partim rubra, partim albidá, macula nigra poft. pinnam dor falem. HELOPS 2. Fufco-rufefcens, varie nebulatus, The Hog-Fithof Gari ii, t. 15 pellation in the i The Hag . "Thefe two fpecies are generally confounded under the fame af markets of Yamaica, though both the colour and fize feem tof jew an « effential difference between them. ne ee sa E. They aU THA NATURAL HESTORY They are both of an oblong form; broad beyond the common proportion; flatted on the fides, and fcaled. The mouth 1s pretty {mall ; the lips ductile; the jaws befet, each, with; a fingle range of fender conic teeth, of which the. fore- moft is longeft ; and the zris of a reddifh colour, The pectoral fins are of a tra- pezoidal form ; and the ventrals are like them, but fmaller, and fuftained by fix radii each. ‘There is only one fin on the back, whereof the three foremoft. radii are weakly and hardly connected together; they are very long, compredicd, tapering, and arch backwards over the reft of the fin, whereof the middle radii are fhorteft, but aculeate, and furnifhed with fo many fmall membranous appen- dages: but the hindermoft part is compofed of flexile branched radii of a moderate length, and refembles the oppofite anal fin, whereof the three foremoft radii are aculeate. The tail is fquare, and the dranchioflegeous membrane fuílained by fix flender arched officles. | , This fith grows to a moderate fize, and is efteemed one of the beft that fwim in thofe feas: it is both rich and delicate. “SPARUS 1. Siriis longitudinalibus varius, dentibus anteriori- A. wh bus latioribus compreffis equalibus acutis. The Bream. Perca rhomboides, Cat. ii. t. 4. The body of this fith is nearly of an oval form, being pretty broad, and arched both.at the back and belly. The mouth is fmall; the back part of the jaws befet with two or three ranges of depreffed, obtufe, and rounded teeth ; and the dran- chioftegeous membrane fuftained by fix officles. The pectoral fins are flender and very long; and the ventrals trapezoidal; but thefe are fuftained below by two fharp fcaley appendicles, and have the firft radii ftiff and pointed. The anal fin is of an oblong form; but the three firit radii of this are alfo {tiff and pointed, whereof the third is very large, There is only one dorfal or back fin, which is al- moft even; but the firft thirteen rays are ftiff and pungent; and the lateral line is parallel to the back. It is efteemed a good fih. | SPARUS 2. Iride argented, dentibus anterioribus contcts. 1 The Por Zanthurus Zzdicus. Will. ap. t. 3. MT OUR This fifh is very like the Bream both in form and appearance; but, in this, the teeth are of a conic form, and the pectoral fins much fhorter. It is of an even grey colour, and the pointed radii of the doríal fin are feldom more than eleven in num- ber. The ventral fins are larger than thofe of the Bream, and the appendages fituated more externally. It is efteemed a good wholefome fifh. qx MORMYRA 1. MIN oer & id The larger painted Parrot-fith, This fith has the moft beautiful luftres of any I have ever yet feen, and furpaffes the Dolphin both in variety of fhades, and the brightnefs of its native colours, which hold for a confiderable time after itis taken out of the water. It is of an oblong form, pretty tumid, and covered over with very large feales. The mouth is but {mall the lips free and duétile; and the’ jaws: thick: and firong, refembling the beak of:a parrot in fome meafure, for they rife into a (harp edge around, which abundantly fupplies its want of teeth, The pectoral fins.are of an oblong form, and the'ventrals of a trapezoid. There is only one fin in the back, which is nearly of the fame height every where, and continued almoft from the neck to the tail; but. the fore part thereof. is fuftained by ‘nine: fif and pointed radii. The tail is fquare; but the anal fin is like the pofterior part of the derfal, and oppofite toit. The lateral line is parallel to the back, and remarkable for the number of little branches it throws out in every fedle thro’ which it paffles:, it is entirely interrupted about the region of the extremity of the back fin, but it rifes lower of CoP i, AAM ATHE AG 447 or nearer to the belly, and continues in the fame direction from thence to the tail, The dranchiofegeous membrane is fuftained by four arched officles. MORMYRA. 2. Minor, rufulo-mifcella, pennd dorfi æ- 1 The little brown quale. Parrot-fith. MORMYRA 3. Media ceruleo nitens. The blue Parrot-fith of Cat. t, 18. MORMYRA 4. Media, virefcente dic. The green Parrot-fith of Care. ii. tens. t. 29. All thefe fifhes are frequent in the feas about famaica, and pretty conftant in their colours, which induced me to look upon them as different fpecies, though they refemble one another much both in form and habit. . The fecond fort is feldom ufed, being generally thought to be fomewhat poifonous; but the others are fre- quently ferved up at table in many parts of America, tho’ not fo much efteemed in Jamaica. HOLOCENTRUS 1. Rubellus, laminis branchioftegers | ferratis, angulis alternis in acu- ( leos abeuntibus, pinna ani radi- " The Wel/bman. orum tredecim, Perca rubra, | Cateíb. ii, t. 29. ) This fifh is of an oblong form and proportionably broad, but not very thick. The body is covered with ftriated fcales, which, like the /amine that cover the gills, are all ferrated at the bafe. The mouth is fmall; the lips ductile; the jaws befet with very fmall teeth; and the branchioffegeous membranes fuftained by eight officles. There is but one fin in. the back, which is of a moderate length, deprefied a little in the middle, and fuftained by eleven {tiff and pointed radii in the fore- part. The pectoral fins are of an oblong figure, and placed near the gills; but the ventrals are more remote and longer. The anal fin is very like and oppofite to the pofterior part of the dorfal; and fuftained by three ftiff and pointed radii in the fore-part, whereof that in the middle is largeft. The tail is forked, and fupplied with a few {harp pointed feales at the bafe. It is thought to be a good fith, but is not common about Famaica: it feldom exceeds feven or eight inches in length in the moft perfect ftate. | E SCIÆNA 1. rape ie glandulis binis ad px The Sun-fith. This fith is very like thofe of the following claf, from which it is diftinguifhed by the ferrated /amine that cover the gils, and the nafal glands. The: feales are large; and the dranchioflegeous membranes fuftained by fix officles each: it is reek- oned a very delicate fifh, and much efteemed in moft parts of America. : SCUENA 2. Subargentea fujco nebulata, The Silver Grunt, -'Fhis fith is generally about fixteen or eighteen inches in length,ant fix or feven over; butatis thinner in proportion than moft other fifhes of this fize. The body is covered with. large fcales of a filver white colour, clouded with black towards the back; the mouth is pretty large, and the jaws befet with {mall teeth; but’ the tongue and palate are pretty fmooth. The eyes are proportionable to the fize of the filh, with the iris of the colour: of the body, greyif and clouded. The cover of the gills: is made of two /amine; or thereabouts, whereof the lower is large(t and of a triangular form; and the dranchioffegeous membrane is fuftained by fix mobile arched officles, whereof three are remarkably {maller and more flender than the reft. The fins of the breaft are of an oblong make and pointed, and ftand in an oblique direction between the tail and back of the fifh: but the bellyrfins are fhort and I oan moderately ^5 THE NATUMAL EIB PORY moderately broad. The back-fin is fingle, but divided into two parts, whereof the firft or foremoft, which lies in a deep groove, is fuftained by eleven ftift- pointed radii, and erected and lowered at pleafure; but the back part is limber, and rounded a little near the tail. The anal finis rounded and oblong, with the three firft radii robuft and pungent; but the tail is flightly bifurcated. CORACINUS 1. Minor, maculis rotundis rubris varia. An Cugup, &c. Catefb. ii. t. 14.?. Sa a All the fpecies of this kind are diftinguifhed from thofe both of the foregoing and following genus's, by, 1. The large fkinny flap that reaches over the pointed Ex- tremities of the lower lamina that covers the gills, and floats over the bronchial apertures. 2, By their conic teeth, whereof two, or four, fituated pretty forward ag i The Hyne, in the fides of each jaw, are remarkably larger than the reft. 3. By the number of- the officles that fuftain the dranchioflegeous membrane, which in thefe is gene- rally about feven. And, 4. By their general make, being remarkably thick and chubbed about the breaft, with large fle(hy heads, ample bronchial apertures, and a very wide mouth and paffage. The whole body is roundifh and flefhy, but moderately compreffed on the fides. Obf. Moft of the fpecies are marked with fpots of fome kind. The Grooper, See tab. 46. f. £. nigris ad oculos, caudá. rotundaté, maculá majori nigrd in extremo dorfo. CORACINUS 2. Subfufcus nebulatus, punétulis rng |CORACINUS 3. Fufco-mifcellus, caudé quadraté, dor fo. = CORACINUS 4. Fujfcus nebulatus, maculis minoribus fedem a lore I) — à Do nigris afperfus, caudd rotun- The Jew-fifh. lata. Se > | Thefe three laft fpecies are very much efteemed, and generally reckoned the beft” fifhes in America; but the fecond and laft forts, which are more chubbed, and” covered with fmaller {cales than any of the reft, are thought to excel, ^ Some of the laft fpecies have been known to weigh two or three hundred pounds, - CORACINUS 5. Fufco-rubellus, iride kermefind, radiis penne dorfalis decem. Anthea Cat. ii. t. 25. ven, feldom exceeds eight inches in length, and is generally about four in eadt M gi {The fimaller black Snaper. .. CORACINUS 6. Fujcus major, iride argent The black Snaper, or Deep- teo. water Snaper. in Americ This fifh grows to a pretty confiderable fize, and is deemed one of the beft fithes - a, 3 CORACIN US 7. - filh with long Zeus caudá bifurcd. Art. Syn. 79, & Gro. Mal Icht.\ . fins Abacatuaia. Pif 55. ) RHOMBOIDA 3. Squamofa ex argenteo S adi na rm ki grans, radiis pinne prioris dorfalts plurimis, ultimis breviffimis.. The Tort ugye : Acarauna major. Will. t. O, 3. f. 1. This fifh differs from the two foregoing fpecies in many particulars 5 for the tail is fquare, the bronchial aperture — narrow, and the body ee a more oblong form, 456 THE NATURAL HISTORY SBaGa Tis HE Bak r Major fafciata, dorf triacantho, caudd bi- furca radiis exterioribus longi fi mis. The Old Wife; and Baliftes D bifurcá, &c. Art. Syn. 82. Gronov.^ Old Wife of Car. Muf, Ich. iit 22 Guaperva, Pif. 57. & Will. t. I. 23. Corpus comprefum oblongo-quadratum fquamofum rigidum; fquamis lime inftar. afperts. Os edentulum parvum s dentes conici utringue, anteriores longiores.: lingua nulla; pharynx utrinque denticulatum: Oculi remoti C2 proportionati. Membrana branchiofiega officulis fex fuffulta, €? fub cua tem perforatam recondita. Pinne pectorales Subrotunde, Dorfales bim nes anterior aculeis tribus validifimts fuffulta ; pofterior i inermis radiata & einen verfus arcuata, radicis prioribus longiffimis. Pinna ventralis unica, rugofa, radio priori maximo, unguiformi afpero, Pinna ani dor- fali fimillima, Jed minor Mind produdia. LM caude lunata, ra- diis extimis longiffimis. This Ah is very much liked in America, but muft be fkinned before | it is dreffed, Its name has given rife to a faying frequent i in thofe parts, viz. That an Old Wife is the beft of fifh, and worft of flefh. It is ferved up either boiled or ftewed, and makes a very ‘agreeable difh either way, ‘The body is generally about twenty inches or better in length, and nine over, BALISTES 2. Subcinerea minor dorfo diacantho, aculeo — majori barbato, caudá Jub- X The little Old- Wife, Baliftes aculeis 39. ankan, &c. Art, & Gr, Muf. Ich. Pira-aca Braf. Will. t. f 4. BALISTES 3. Subcinerea maculata minor, cauda longiori, dorfo diacantbo, anteriori majori fimplici. The Mingo, Acara-mucu Braf: Will, t. E, £. 2 | OSTRACION 1. Oblongus glaber, fubcinereo-mifcellus, oculis viridibus, The {potted Toad- Orbis oblongus, major lævis, &c. Bar. filh. Obf. Dentes inciforii valde acuti funt in bác fpecie. "OSTRACION 2. Mi " orbiculatus, fpinis triangula- | (y ribus, pinnulis omnibus breviffimis.( The prickly Bottle- Orbs echinatus five muricatus incole. Will, t. filh. pis ROR, OSTRACION 3. ecc Em Jufco-mifcellus, prominu- lis inermibus medio corpore denfforibus. OSTRACION 4 Oblongo-tumidus, aculeis longis undi- _ Que munitus. The Porcupine Hiftrix pifcis Ciani? Wai Lv, fih. The Sea-Porcupine of Pet. Gaz. 60. r. This is but rarely found in the feas about famaica, but is pretty common about the coafts of North America, | i The Bottle-fith. OSTRA- OTB IF AAM ATIA A X57 OSTRACION 5. Triquetrus gibbus, tegmine offeo areolato orfo acuto, Y 1 The Trunck-fith, OSTRACION 6.: Triquetrus gibbus; tegmine offeo areo- Jato, capite cornuto. i Oftracion £riangularis duobus aculezs in jronte. Art, & The Cuckold«fifh. , Gron, Muf, Ich... , | The two laft fpecies are fo: like éach other that they can be, diftinguifhed only by the horns that fhoot from above the cyes of the latter ; they are alfo furnifhed each with two other horns that rife from the pofterior angles of the trunk, on both fides of the belly; but thefe are équally:common: to both. They are very rich. food, and, when well ftuffed and baked, excel all other forts of fith in America: but none of the other fpecies are ufed in famaica, k ( Web k= d v4 RS Si ez ER Pen hy) MATE SEC .LOPHIUS 1,- Minor, cute teniiorz, rugofo, pinnd ORT dorfalt majori, cirro nafali bi- furco. ck 38s Ae pees A This fith feldom grows above four or-fivé inches in length, and is pretty thick and chubbed in proportion :. the 7/£/us is large ; the jaws denticulated ; the branchial apertures placed backwards under the fins of the breaft, which are much of the fhape of claws; and it is furnithed with a branchioftegeous membrane, . fupported by regular officules, as well as with a membranous lung-bag, ‘which is moft beautifully interwoven with blood-veffels. ie i rT acu bol ? The ímall.warted Lophius or Sea-Devil, LOPHIUS 2. Major monoceros, loricatus & tuberculatus.) ~~ | ab. 5. DO, 3. 1 keel n The Sea- Batt. Guaperva Brafilienfis. Will, t. E. f. 2. 7 | This curious fifh is of a_very uncommon form ; and, by the expanfion . of its fide-fins and its {mall ventrals, reprefents a bat in fome meafure, whence its name. á hey have each a fet of covered gills, and ai pair. of lungs befides, which they fill der arched officles ; but they lie under the fkin, and can’t be feen until the &(h is fiderable fide-fins placed about the center of the body ; befides a {mall analifin; and a moderate tail. The laft fort grows fometimes to the length of a foot, or better: the mouth is fall; the lips ductile ; and it throws “out a fender, bifurcated, flefhy feeler, or cirrus, from the hollow fpace that lies between the horn and the upper lip. The eyes are fmall; and very beautifully radiated with yellow. LOPHIUS 3. Maximus monoceros nebulatus. OA PA a m. ANA Lophius fronte unicorni Art, & Gro. Muf. Icht.. cag w^ ^ This fifhy monfter is very large, and weighs commonly from 100 to. 3000 j pounds: it is very frequent in the harbour of King/ton, efpecially in the ae part, towards Paffage-Fort, where the fea, is leatt reforted, and the. bat om fofi and " muddy. The mouth of this fpecies is very large. ME "Neve Tte" -négdt Storm et rct : UM ce Mia eso % ps THE NATURAL HISTORY 9S R C se IV. SQUALUS 1. Rofiro offeo cufpidato plano utrin-) The Saw-fifh ; commonly bs que dentato Art. Syn. 93. called the Sword-fifh in Priftis fve ferra Cluf[. Will, t. B. 9. f. 5. Jamaica, This creature feldom comes near the fhore, tho’ frequent enough in the open feas, where it meets with abundance of prey. It is faid to join frequently with the Threther (a), to attack the Grampus ; and many, who pretend to have feen them act thus together, fay that the Sword-fifh keeps under the Whale, and endeavours to wound him in the belly, while the other attacks above, and ftrikes it with its monftrous armed tail, SQUALUS 2. Capite depreffo fubacuto, dentibus lanceolatis fer- ; ratis fex ordinibus difpofitis, pupilld longiori anguftá. The Shark. Squalus dorfo plano, &c. Art. Syn, 98. & Gron. Muf. Icht. Canis carcarias fpecies. Will. app. t. 5. This is one of the moft ravenous inhabitants of the fea, and feldom fpares any thing that comes in its way, let its nature or form be.what it will. The pupil of the eye, in this creature, is long and narrow, like that of a cat and alligator, which renders its fight not fo ready in the water: but whatever may be wanting in this refpect is fupplied by thofe fmall oblong, clouded fithes called pr/ofes, that attend it conftantly wherever it goes, and direct its motions on all fides. I have obíerved thefe fmall guides wait on fome of thofe fifhes (when hooked) to the very fide of the fhip, and remain about the veffel for days after, but I could never take any of them; they are faid to run in and out of the Shark's ftomach when they pleafe: Cre- dat qui vult. "Phe young Sharks are much efteemed by the negroes, The mouth of thefe monfters, when full grown (and then they are nineteen feet or better in length) is very large, and each jaw befet with fix ranges of lanceo- lated and ferrated teeth, which rife gradually upright, from under the gums, as they grow old; but thofe of the upper jaw are narrow and pointed. The fore part of the head of this fith ftretches a good way beyond the under jaw, which, when its motion is fwift, frequently obliges it to turn upon its back to catch its prey moreeafily. The fkin is rough and hard, and ferves to {crape and polifh all forts of hard wood, SQUALUS 3. Dorfo bipinni, utraque aculeo majori armatá pinnis ani geminis. é The Dog-fith. Muftelus /pinax, Will. t. B. 5. f. 1. iR The eyes of this fiíh perfe&ly refemble thofe of the common Shark, and. the teeth are equally fingular in their make. The whole fith feldom exceeds three. feet and a half in length, and, like moft of this tribe, is viviparous, its young being - nourifhed by large eges in the womb, from each of which a vafcular cord runs to the breaft of the correfponding feetus, as in embryo-chicken. This is commonly found in the channel, and feldom goes, as far as Jamaica, SQUALUS 4. Capite tranfoerfo mallei inflar : Art. Syn. 96. & Gron. M. Icht. i ete: ie ERE. Zygania fahvani. Will. t. B. 1. | This fifhy monfter is like the fecond fpecies in nature, fize and make; but the head is broad and thin, and ftretches out on both fides, in which expanfions both the “eyes and noftrils are placed. fqsgps:t — fa) A large fpecies of the Raia. SS 4 bain D 1 m | This rE yy A, MUA ES A. 459 In this genus there are five traníverfe branchial apertures placed clofe to each other at the ale of the breaft fins, RAJA 1. Minor corpore nebulato glabro, aculeo unico T? barbato in é(audá. t The Maid: RAJA 2. Major nebulata, aculeo quandoque duplici y 4 majori barbato in caudd. The Sting-ray. jori barbato in caudá impinná. } The Whip-ray Thefe fpecies, efpecially the firft, are frequently brought to table in Jamaica ; and- when well dreffed are liked by moft people. RAJA 3. Media ceruleo-mifcella, lingud offéd, aculeo ma- RAJA 4. Maxima armata. The Threfher or Father-Lafher. This fpecies grows to a monftrous fize, and is feldom obferved fo far as Jamaica to the fouthward ; it is faid to combine with the {word filh to attack the grampus. BE RUCT,.'WV, ^w ELPHINUS 1. Corpore fubtereti oblongo, roftro produéto D acuto, Delphinus Will, t. 1. f. 1. PHYSETER 1. Pinna dorfi altifima, apice dentium plano i ol eb rt. Syn. 104. Brea a I This large monfter is common in all thefe fouthern feas, and may be frequently feen between Hi/paniola and Jamaica, ? The Porpefs, BALENA 1. Fiftuld in medio vertice, rofiro obtufiori fur The Bottle-nofe Jum repando, There are great numbers of thefe large fithes in the fouthern feas, but we could not hitherto remark any thing particular concerning them. CATODON Fifulé in nucbá, dorfotophoinfiructo. The Sperma-ceti Whale. This monftrous creature is generally from fifty to fixty feet in length, when full grown; and proportionably broad and corpulent. The teeth are ftrait, of a conic form, near eighteen inches long, and about the thicknefs of a man’s wrift: and the back is furnifhed with a large bump; but this is of no regular fhape to de- ferve the name of a fin. People have of late found the art of reducing the very oil of this fifh to fperma-ceti, which is likely to prove of fervice to the world, as it is now very much ufed in candles. j We are at prefent chiefly fupplied with fperma-ceti and whalebone from Nan- tucket in North America, about which thefe filhes are found in great abundance. I have obferved great numbers of them in 42 + north latitude, and 40° weft longitude, They are eafily known at a diftance by their frequent and continued expirations, for they fometimes {pout out the water thirty or forty times running > before they difappear. | THRICHECUS 1. Mammis peéforalibus binise | The Manatee, Thrichecus. Art. This creature has an exquifité hearing, and lives commonly about the openings of great rivers near the fea: It is frequent enough near the main, where its feth is much efteemed; but it is not often brought to ‘famaica. It has two regular nafal apertures, as well as fo many {mall ear-holes; and the fkin, which is i thick, ^ zo THE X A TUI ALLHESTORY thick, being cut into regular pieces, makes fine riding fwitches; and may be ufed in whips, inftead of whale-bone, It takes in air both by the mouth and noftrils, and raifes to the furface whenever it wants to breathe: but it always groans very hideoufly on thofe. occafions, It:weighs..from.1000. to 2000 lb. in ‘common: the tail-fin i$ broad and fpreading. jSbsn3u t ——ÀÁ "C e A PITE Oboe RE on desinis D: ps F we confider with what pernicious qualities many of the individuals of. this “R this are endowed, we muft certainly be very thankful to the divine Author of all beigs; who has diftributed them fo fparingly among us. They áre, indeed, often quite barmlefs ; nay fome of them are, in many refpects, beneficial to our kind; and yet there are but few people who have-not a natural averfion to moft of the tribe, bun. —. The greateft part of the individuals of this clafs live chiefly in open air, tho” ma- ny of them pafs a confiderable part of life in water ;. but they are all furnifhed with lungs, whofe cells and compartments, are vaftly larger than thofe of other crea- tures, which enables them to keep in that element much* longer than any other inhabitants of air can do. And their fluids. are naturally cool, and the circulation ‘flow and languid, ‘which is the principal reafon they fubfift fo long without food; the greateft vigour of their juices depending chiefly on their motions and the heat of fhe thin whofe rays they are frequently obferved to baík during the fammer feafon. But they grow quite languid as the heat declines towards the winter "months, during which they are generally obferved to live almoft in a ftate of in- action, in all the colder climates, All the animals of this tribe -now found iü Fa- maica, I fhall divide into four clafles, according to their, different appearances and difpofitions; and range them under the following heads, in four feparate: fections. Botas ba A B Ebo. uh Of the Serpents, or fuch as have 70 regular limbs; but whofe bodies are generally covered with fcales, and moved by regular mujfcles fupported v by folid propse | MPHISBENA 1. Subargentea ad caudam breviorem) = L N eraffifma, corpore [panis aqual ie Silver Snake. wow Pianos Wet, -> bus undique tecto. Tab. 44. f. 1. 501 | Serpens diceps vulgo dicia. Barr. | d This reptile feldom exceeds fixteen inches in length, and grows gradually thicker from the fnout to the end of the tail; but the anus is placed fo. near this part both in this and fome others of the fame kind, that it has been frequently miftaken for the mouth, whic Y has given a rife to the name Amphifbena, by which all the fpecies are now commonly known. -This little reptile is generally met with in the neíls of ants, and about hollow or decayed trees: it is thought to be very venomous, but I could never learn any inftance'of its poifonous qualities, nor is it frequently met with in the ifland. per oe OENE 7 | Fete dl ul bio CEN- ir T" f "ed 3 YY X. epe T Aia Rud -5 r3 ~i OLETE ASM ATTA: A 461 CENCHRIS 1. Tardigrada major lutea, maculis nigris notata, caudá breviori & craffiori. [The yellow Snake. < This reptile is very common in the country parts of Yamaica, and runs frequently from eight to fixteen or twenty fect in length; they have a horny protuberance. on each fide of the anus, which probably afüíls in the acts of copulation, and may, upon occafion, help them in climbing trees, which they often do, and with. great eafe. The yellow fnakes move but flowly, catching their prey more by ftealth, or chance than by agility; but when they fix themfelves in a tree, their length gene- rally enables them to catch every thing that paífes underneath; for they wind the tail- part round fome limb, and ftretch the fore part down, in which fituation, it is affirmed, they have been fometimes known to attack both men and beafis; but I could not find any credible authority for this affertion. | Many of the negroes eat thefe reptiles, and look upon them as a rich and deli- cate food; but they generally preferve the fat, which is confidered as a good refolutive, and highly recommended for fuch purpofes. | COLUBER t1. Major fufca luteo fubvariegata, caudá tenuiori; i The large black Snake. I have feen only one of this fort, which was about twelve feet in length ; it was more flender and active than the yellow fnake, and the tail-part more tapering and longer. . | COLUBER 2. Minor nigra, ventre albido. ‘The fmall black Snake. < This little reptile is very flender, and extremely active; it is generally from two feet and a half to three feet, or better, in length; and thought, by fome people, to be venomous; but this notion prevails chiefly among the negroes, who have many idle prejudices among them. I have never heard of any damage done by them, though they are frequent in moft of the colonies, and will often erect the fore-part of their bodies, and ftand in very daring poftures. — ^. © ^. v Seg Gy i Regt Er Pee omit | ji Of Lizards; and Reptiles of the Lizard Tribe. ier to *ROCODILUS 1. Loricatus maximus aquatilis; palmis pen-Y C tadaciylis, tribus interioribus. unguicu- latis fiffis, exterioribus palmatis; plan- tis pentadactylis femipalmatis, exteriori >The Alligator. utrinque mutico, Crocodilus. Mart. 416. & Bar. 152. Crocodile. Davies, Chap. 21. j I chofe rather to defcribe this creature under its antient name, than to give it among the lizards, from which it feems to differ in many effential particulars, It grows to a monftrous fize, and is frequently obferved from fourteen to twenty four feet in length. It moves very flowly on the ground, and generally feeks its prey in water; but when any fmall animals come within its reach, it fcizes them with great eagernefs, and foori deftroys them. It is quite tongue-lefs, but the place of this mem- ber is fupplied by a fmall elaftic valve fituated between the joints of the jaws, in the bottom of the mouth, which covers and clofes up the {wallow occafionally: both the jaws are mobile, efpecially the upper one, and well befet with large conic and moderately compreffed teeth, x The creature has a ftrong mufky fcent, by which it is frequently diíco- s 6€ vercd ~ a 4 402 THE NATURAL HISTORY vered at a diftance; and its eyes.are like. thofe of,the cat.and- fhark, the pupilla or fight, which is very narrow, «running ftraight forward, They. are obferved to live for many months without any vifible fuftenance, which experiment is frequently tried in Jamaica, by tycing their, jaws with wire, and putting them, ‘thus tyed up, into a pond, well, or water-tub, where they often live for a confiderable time; but they rife to the furface, from time to time, for breath. On opening this animal, the ftomach is generally found charged with ítones ofa. pointed oval but flatted fhape, to which they feem to have been worn in its bowels: doubtlefs, it fwallows them not only for nourifhment, which is evi- dent from the attrition and folution of their furfaces, but alfo to help its digeftion, and to ftir up the ofcillations of the flothful fibres of its ftomach, as many other creatures do. Some people think it fwallowed them to keep the eafier under water at times; but how reafonable foever this conjecture may feem to fome people, it will not take. with fuch as are better acquainted with the nature of aquatic animals. 3 It is like the lizard in the fhape of the body, and the whole furface is covered over, fomething like a tortoife; but the fkin may be more properly faid to be har- dened into a horny fubftance from fpace to fpace, than to be furnifhed with real fcales. -The tail is oblong, pointed, and nearly quadrilateral, and the fecales or. protuberances at the two upper angles rife upright, and are fomewhat of a lanceo- lated form. They lay their eggs in the fand; but thefe are fomewhat larger than the eggs of a goofe, and, as they are pretty tranfparent, readily fhew us the firft formation and growth of the animal, in which we obferve the whole mafs of the Jemen mafculinum, which lies in the white round the middle of the egg, turn gra- dually into the young one. Analogy may, hence, induce us to think, that the forma- tion of the human fpecies from animalcule is but a phantom; and that we, like other creatures, are formed of more confiderable mafies, | | LACERTA 1. Major, fquamis dorfi lanceolatis erettis, e nu- | ché ad extremitatem caude porrectis. t The Guana, The great Lizard of Davies, 69. | This reptile, like the reft of the lizard kind, has a long forked mufcular tongue, divided toes, and a fcaley fkin. It is a native of moft parts of America, and generally an inhabitant of the woods; but, like moft of the tribe, lives a very confiderable time without food, and changes its colour with the weather, or the native moifture of its place of refidence. I have kept a grown Guana about °. the houfe for more than two months; it was very fierce and ill-natured at the be- ginning, but after fome days it grew more tame, and would, at length, país the greateft part of the day upon the bed or couch, but it went out always at night. lhave never obferved it to eat any thing, except what imperceptible particles it had lapped up in the air; for it frequently threw out its forked tongue, like the cha- meleon, as it walked along. _ The flefh of this creature is liked by many! people, and frequently ferved up in fricafees at their tables, in which ftate they are often preferred to the beft fowls. The Guana may be eafily tamed while young, and is both an innocent and beau- tiful creature in that ftate, LACERTA 2, Major cinerea maculata, Sl. H. 731 The large fpotted The great potted Lizard of Edw. 203. Ground Lizard. This creature is frequent in moft parts of America, and remarkable for its fize and {potted fkin: it changes its colour like the reft of the clafs; and - ea not by what chance) is more apt to have a double tail than any of the ^ ege 4 LACERTA Pe PTR TY AA VAP BUE ASH Yee LACERTA 3. Media fquamofa, corpore & reg The Galley-Wafp. See oblonga-fubquadratis, auribus ma- Pet. Gaz. 690.13 joribus nudis. - This reptile is moft frequently met with in the woods, but is fometimes obferved in low marfhy places alfo. It is generally of a dirty colour, clouded with crofs ftripes of a lighter or darker hue, and changes often from that to a fine golden yellow. It is reckoned the moft venomous reptile in thefe iflands ; and, -itis faid, no creature can recover from the bite of it; but tho’ this is a general affer- tion, and told by every perfon, I could never learn any pofitive fact from per- fons worthy of credit. The creature's teeth are fhort, even, and fixed, fo that I imagine the poifon, if any there be, muft lie in the faliva. The tail is longer than it is generally reprefented in cuts, and tapers gradually to the end. It is ge- nerally from one to two feet or better in length. LACERTA 4. Minor, caudá longiori attenuatd, Md. The {mall Ground l Jübviridi in utroque latere. Lizard. This creature is very innocent, and changes its colour lefs than any of the others. It is the moft common of all the forts, and keepsin holes in the ground during the night; but is always out by day to feek for food. It is very frequent in all the fugar-iflands, and the moft common prey of the cats, in thofe parts of the world, LACERTA. 5. Minor viridis, caudá fqua-| The Guana-Lizard; and blue mis erectis criflatá. Lizard of Edw. p. 5, This fpecies is common in Jamaica, and keeps generally of a beautiful green colour; but it changes its hue with its feat, like the reft of the kind, and feems more ready than any of them in all its mutations ; for it affumes the colour of every place it moves to very foon. The whole body is flightly fcaled, but thofe in the upper part of the tail are erected into a {mall indented creft, fomewhat like the Guana. lt feldom exceeds nine or ten inches in length, and is very innocent, LACERTA 6. Minor, corpore depreffo & utrinque at-) . tenuato, lateribus fafcid longitudinali ue The Wood-Slave. : bidá ventri approximatá notatis. y This fpecies is generally thought to be venomous, but I have never known an in- ftance of it, tho’ they are common in moft of the iflands- where I have been. They are generally of a flatted oblong form, and taper gradually and almoft equally towards both ends. I have feen thefe creatures, when ftuck with a fork, or other weapon, to the wall, throw off all the tail by joints, one, two, or three at a time. | ; LACERTA 7: dien Subcinereo-mifcella, caudá t AT The Houfe- Lizard. This fpecies feldom exceeds five or fix inches in length, and is of a delicate (lender make. ‘The tail is long and tapering, but generally more or lefs ere& in its poli- tion. I have fometimes put one of this fort under a large fpeaking-trumpet, and on fhaking the machine, it was fo terrified that it was hardly able to ftir for a confiderable time after. I have-alfo obferved that, in fuch places they always turn of a mottled black colour; and, on being removed to a tuft of wet grafs, change again to a green colour. This fpecies is of a delicate make, and catches flies very readily. It is frequent about all the fettlements in the country parts of Famaica. i LACERTA D THE RATAUR ALTH IS PORY - EACERTÀ 8. Minima fubfufea, . "The fmall Houfe-Lizard. This creature is very common about all the houfes in the ifland: it feldom ex- ‘ceeds three. inches in) length, but is not of fo delicate-a fhape as the foregoing. It climbs. the furface,of the fmootheftglafs with eafe, and lives much upon flics; but itis not fo apt to change its colour as the other forts. eS i .: It is -obferved :that, in-all thefe fpecies, efpecially the fmaller forts, if the tail be cut off, it fhoots a-new in fome time, and often attains the natural fize. and figure. LACERTA 9. Minor nigra maculis albis variegata, The black Lizard with | cauda longiori & tenuiort. white fpots.. This fpecies is generally about ten inches, or better, in length, of a delicate flen- der make in proportion, and very beautifully fpotted. J had one of them from the coaft of Guinea. e | _fpiram “involut; pedibus IPIE The large grey Chameleon. ` - | CHAMJZELEON i. Major cinereus, caudé ne B ne pentadattylis unguicula- tts, digitis duobus tribuf- ) que coadnatis €3 oppofitis. I have taken the liberty of defcribing this creature alfo under its ancient appella- tion, having feparated it from the lizard kind on account of the peculiar form of the head, and difpofition of the toes; which, with fome other remarkable parti- cularities both in its mechaniím and genus, diftinguifh it fufüciently from the reft of the tribe. | we ; es : : : Bi NTI The head is large and boney in all the fpecies of this genus; the fockets of the. eyes very deep; the jaws befet with teeth; and the bone that covers the. forehead ftretches a good way back over the neck and fhoulders. "Thé body is moderately large, and thicker than moft of the lizard kind, in pro- portion to. the length. The tail winds downwards in a ípiral form; and the toes are difpofed like thofe of parrots, in two oppofite bundles, which enables it to hold itfelf very fteddily on the ímaller branches of trees, where it chiefly keeps. | : This fpecies is a native of Africa, and was brought to "f amaica from the coaít of Guinea. It is extremely flow in its motion, though. it chiefly, fupplies itfelf with food. from the moft nimble tribe of infects (a) ; but whatever nature has denied itin agility, feems, to P ehynganuly fupplied in mechanifm; for its flow and eafy motion renders it but little füfpe&ted at a diftance; and when it comes within a certain fpace of the object, it ftretches out its tail, poizes its body, and fixes. it- - felf fo as to meet but feldom with a difappointment in its attack: when all is . ready, it uncoils its long, flender, mufcular tongue, and darts it, as it were, with fuch unconceivable fwiftnefs that it hardly ever fails of its prey. But though the flownefs of its motion alone would ‘naturally prevent any fufpicion in thofe agile little bodies, "while it keeps at a diftance, it adds another piece of me- -.chanifm ‘to the former, and changes its colour conftanily with its ftation, putting on the fame hue and complexion with every {prig or branch, @c. on which it fixes itíelf. eade so US SARS ATS. SEES Sere y Pt MEME. Ros us Osh AP tei EP (a) Flies, : SES: ODE H A AM A HAA A 465 Gi mG 7; HE Of the Tortoife and Turtle kind. t Bs STUDO 1. Major, unguibus utrinque qua- £uor. i The Hawk’s-bill Turtles The flefh of this fpecies, though frequently ufed in all parts of America, is not fo delicate nor fo much efteemed as that of the green turtle; but its fcales (a) are the moft valued, being generally the thickeft and beft coloured. TESTUDO 2. Unguibus palmarum. duobus, fingulartbat meu 1 The green Turtle, — This fpecies is frequent on the coafts of Jamaica, where it is often caught; and generally bought and fold, like beef, in all the markets, It is delicate tender food while young; but as it grows old it grows more tough and griftly, and is not fo agreeable to the ftomach in thofe warm countries; the juices, however, are gene- rally reckoned great reftoratives, and often obferved to heal and fmooth the fkin in fcorbutic and leprous habits; nay, is faid to cure even the moft obftinate venereal taints. The fcales of this fpecies are ufed like thofe of the foregoing, but they are neither fo thick nor fo beautifully clouded. TESTUDO 3. Unguibus utrinque binis acutis, Jquamis dorfi quinque gibbis, ¢ The Loggethead Turtle, Teftudo, Gc. Cat. ii. t. 39. This fpecies is not very common about 5famaica, and feems to be rather a na- tive of more northern climates, being generally found in greateft abundance about the Weffern Iflands and the neighbouring ocean. "The head is of a moderate fize, but the-mouth is wider, and the bill longer and ftronger than that of the other forts. The fkin about the neck and the infertion of the finsis rugged and warty ; the back part of the fhell more gibbous and prominent than in the other fpecies; and each of the five upper fcales terminates in a pointed bunch behind; but all are pretty thick and well coloured: in the whole, it is extremely like the other fpecies. The Turtle from which this defcription is made, was taken up near the Wefern Iffands many leagues out at fea. The back was covered with mofs, and barni- cles; and the crab, Tab. 42. f. t. was found fticking in the wrinkles about the anus; the guts were full of Galatea’s and Medufa’s, which, with a few branches of fome fea-weeds, made up all its nourifhment; yet it was fat and rich, but of a ftrong, rank, fifhey tafte. I eat fome, and it agreed pretty well with my ftomach. It is a flrong incentive. | TESTUDO 4. Minima lacuftris, unguibus palmarum, quinis, plantarum quaternis, dag The Terrapin, . depreffa. b 4 "'T his fpecies is pretty frequent about all the lagoons and morafles in "famaica, and lives chiefly among the weeds that grow in thole places. The body is generally of a compreffed oval form, and feldom exceeds eight or nine inches in length. It is often ferved up at gentlemen's tables in that ifland, and looked upon as delicate wholefome food by many people. | (a). Thefe lie contiguous to-each other, on the furface of the ftrong boney trunk that inclofes the entrails of the creature. i 6 D TES- 466 THE NATURAL HISTORY TESTUDO 5. Mayr MAISA, ^d profugi we The Hicatee, or | Orbe OLE, , unguibus, PANRATUM; GUIN- Land Turtle. que, plantarum quatuor. | This fpecies is a native^of the main-land, but frequently imported to famaica, where it is often common. The íhell is very deep, and often above a foot and a half in length; but the furface is generally divided into oblong hexagons, yellow in the center, and radiated with flender even ftreaks from thence to the circum- ference, FARRER] SERS URR Gs T, VPN: Of the Frog kind. ANA 1. Maxima compreffa mifcella. k Curruru. Pif. 298. 2 An, Rana terefiris. Cat. ii. t. 69. The Toad. An, Rana dorfo pullifero. L.S. N. This creature is very common in the inland parts of famarca, where it keeps a continued. croaking at night, but lies ftill during the day. It is large and thin, climbs with eafe, and lies fo flat, wherever it 1s, that an attentive cye alone is able to obferve it. : | RANA 2. Minima palmis & plantis fifis. This little fpecies is frequent in Mouzferat, and may be fometimes feen in Ya- maica, It is avery active creature, but never furpaffes an inch and a half in length. 3 ii Si ee Ers = " * Li P$, ’ 1 OF 63) Breia Roc Deos. RER E the individuals of this clafs are very numerous, and all fur- el QURSACOPOSIV nifhed with proper limbs to convey them from one region to another, ci- ther by land or water, we feldom obferve the fame in any country or king- dom, Many forts, Imuft acknowledge, are of a vague difpofition, and alike the inha- bitants of very remote provinces, among which we often find thofe that we leaft expect a); while “others of a different nature, which are alfo the inhabitants of di- ftant countries at times, feek different regions with the different feafons of the year, and return as regularly the enfuing changes. This might naturally induce a traveller to divide the birds of every country into the Refidentiaries, the Polyclimacoines, and the birds of paflige; but, as Naturalifts, we muft endeavour to divide them into orders and genera more appropriated to their natural difpcfirions, and the peculiar forms of particular parts; for they have a more general uniformity in their habits and appearances than any other tribe of beings; and the uíes to which many.of them are put, either for food or pleafure, oblige us to be as clear as poflible both in the diftribution and charatteriftics of the individuals: and the better to- avoid all (a) Who would expect to find the Mocr-hen an inhabitant of fo diftant a country as America? and yet there is hardly a fowl more common in’ parts; 200 "fa AES manner i +6 D2H HT WAM X d 40 AL Y W manner of confufion on this occafion, I (hall divide the following chapter, in which we give fome account of moft of the birds now commonly feen in and about Jamaica, whether natives or imported there from foreign parts, into eight fections. The ift of thefe will contain the {maller birds. of the granivorous and frugivorous tribe, having fhort conic bills that taper very regulatly to a fharp point, feldom exceeding half the length of the middle digits: and in the 2d we will give the birds very nearly of the fame.. fize and nature, with lengthened, flender, conic bills. The 3d will comprehend the larger granivorous tribe with robuft and moderately arched conic bills; well-proportioned ‘Linas: and open claws: and in the 4th we fhall give thof: that have ftrong erooked beaks, and open claws whofe digits are generally furni(hed with ftrong piercing nails. The sth will contain thofe that have broad ftraight bills of .a moderate length, and generally flatted more ‘or cfg on the upper fide; proportioned legs, and open claws. In the 6th we fhall give an account of fuch as have open claws and long flender bills, nearly _ of a length with, or rather longer than the middle digits, arching and. tapering very moderately from ‘the bale to the top. The 7th fhall contain thofe that have long and flender, or robuft and angular ftraight bills, long legs, partly naked thighs, and divided claws; and generally refort to watery places : ‘and in the 8th we fhall give thofe that have webbed feet, and live chiefly in water. ER CT k of the fmaller frugivorous and granivorous Bir ds, with Jhort. and pointed conic bine” which nearly equal half the length of the middle digits. IRUNDO 1. Minima tenuior nigra, dorfo camo, The fmall black Swallow. HIRUN bo 2. Major fubfufca mifcella, maculá «Ke jpha- aia IE s. Ferri The Rain Bind dit t. 8.6 The leffer Goat-fucker of Edw. f. 63. 'This bird is about the fize of a {parrow-hawk, and of a edm pneri and ftriped colour, It is feldom feen; but when it iR i it takes a thoufand turns in its flight, which generally i is very lofty. The bill is = per. "t — than is common to the kind in general, and a little arched, roy“ HIRUNDO 3. Nigra media, collario albo... T he Miis Sao “HIRUNDO 4. Medi minor fufca, pittore albicante. The Houle: Swallow. _ All thefe fpecies are very diftin@, and generally go in feparate parcels 3, they are all frequent i in the different parts of the ifland... The houfe-fwallow. varies. Ames times; . for it is often without any white j in the breaft. i | - LOXÍA 1. | Major rubra. deus b Coccotrauftes rubra, — Cat, t. SUR qo. Ehe Send. sibi - "This bird is frequently imported here from South Caroline, where it — atiy it-is the largeft bird I have feen of this kind, and hasa pretty note, ^ o FT OFRINGILLA. 1. Minor” pulla, fronte & uropi- gio rufefcentibus. "Tb i$ a native of "famaica, but keeps chiefly in the w quent mo I have not had an opportunity of b. c salon ah ^ 8 THE NATUMRMR/A/LLHESTORY' FRINGILLA 2. Minor fufco & albo firiatim variegata. — 'T he Grafs-Bird. FRINGILLA 3. Fufco-olivacea minor. The Sugar- Bird. FRINGILLA 4. Subfufca, capite varie flriato, ftriis i The Gold-finch | quandoque rubris quandoque flavis. : This little bird is common in Jamaica, and very like the European goldfinch. FRINGILLA 5. Corpore albscante, alis S cauda BE The Canarv- Bird tibus. D.H. pu ; The Canary-bird is daily introduced to Yamazca, where it is kept by all forts of eople: It thrives well in all cool and airy houfes, and it feldom fails to give the purchafers great fatisfaction. 7 MOTACILLA 1. Sudolivacea, gulá, pecore € remigibus exterioribus luteis, 'The Ortalan of Larus luteus. Cat. I. t. 63. Jamaica, The yellow Fly-catcher of Edw. p. 5. This is a bird of paffage. SR. UL d. 14 Of tbe [;maller granivorous and vermivorous Birds, with conic and mode- | rately flender lengthened bills. — . Ate, The bills of thefe birds are fomewhat tho’ little fhorter than their mid- ' * dle digits. Er 1. Cerulefcens maculá alarum duplice nigra The Houfe ES J. Hi : ill. COLUMBA 2. Silvatica major nigro-cerulefcens, The Mountain Pigeon. COLUMBA 3. Major nigro- f ing-tail Pi 3 oi a cerulefcens, caudá i The Ring-tail Pigeon. COLUMBA 4. Vertice defreffo albido. Columba capite albido. Cat. t. 25. This fpecies vifits the lower lands very frequently, where it feeds upon the feeds of the red mangrove, and wild coffee-berries: but the two other forts keep chiefly in the woods, and feed upon other berries, the produce of the more remote inland parts. } The Bald-pate, COLUMBA 5. Sabfufca media, iride croceo, palpe-2 óris impinnis ceruleis. ^ The white-winged Dove. "be brown Indian Dove of Edw. t. 76. S -> This bird has a good deal of white both in the belly and wings, and the tail is tipped with white underneath. COLUMBA 6, Media Jubfufco maculata, oculis nigris. The Pea-Dove. , This bird makes fo loud a cooing in the woods, that it is often heard at a confi- derable diftance, It has a few ae feathers in the ean EM OFEN ln CO- de ¥ ^ ee -—— mq Aus Pew) 28 pt w eT ee EFETUE A Mea WAC ALT cafe COLUMBA 7. Media, ventre albido." “The white-bellied Dove, ^ „COLUMBA 8. Purpareo-rsf fees tg tie Mintan Witch; Miountait’ AE us C3. palpebris coccinets Patridge, or Mountain Dove, ont bird is chiefly an inhabitant of the woods, but not very common in any i [t of Jamaica; it is about the fize of the Pea- Dove, and mottled about the breaft. kc COLUMBA 9. Minor Jc, pitti maculd oblon- ga nigra infiguito, COLUMBA IO. Subfafca minima, vacuo ni- 5 Cz oues Tenis € ferrugineis afperfa,. i- x xe Fidibus mifcellts. ju The Bar nr Dove. The cu nd- pu of Cat. K 20. and: * Edw. Ps Se All thefe pae; except the fr and ninth: abe natives of Samaa. and reck- oned very rich and delicate meat; efpecially the fecond and third, which excel in flavour, and add fomething of a bitter to the tafte. Thole that | ive in the woods are not often uled at inferior tables, being only. the praduce/of the fowlers labours: but fuch as refort to the lower lands are very common io the markets, being ge- nerally taken in large bafkets, and the work of every negro that pleafes to toil for. them They a are all wild, and feed on. moft forts of wild grain, particularly the fesds of the different forts iof Croton; but fuch as. live in. the woods, feed: chiefly; on the berries of the Bere and dbi sd which gives them that delicate bitterifh flavour in. the feafon, TETA I. Subrufe ofeens nm habair rubris. Mg sa a ead This bird is about the fize of a ,Pea-Dove ; but its legs are much longer and of. a.red Solas The bik is DEC than. hale the length -of; the middle-digit, Araicht;; ! fle , a lit r oi 1 both s; witb two, oblong mb or. "S zs - tjie Es gere i Eig ie ith wan bóut SUM Hien T he tail is. dem des feems I like tat. of. à, „duck, but a VASE i ftands behind, a dec E: they- are: RE "i “fealed, ^r re aie flender arched nails. The apex of the tongue Pa €^ ^ " Tf 03, J was favoured, with this curious bird by Mrs. Valles. BANS) Adiqa TURDUS 1. Niger, rófiro palpebris pedibupyit® nha 35 © uis macula. oblonga alba inf Um dl ads venie tii isa NT of Jamaica, and orae boc dn d the ik ivodds, ah it chiefly lives. It differs but little, either in fize or va dpi — € yd. The Sia E Afer VEE. Bikes tet 32 -This Are excels a u othe! OE fweetnefg. of melo $ often wither in its, riptures I nave. Black kbi rd... a MT T aee 3.1 TURDUS dg Wo jfi M" "e | Ted ves op M T TE iis alt PLA Velo The Mock-bird- or - i abs È. ee again, | Nen, Savanas, an > as if they ^» " is T HEB. NDA T U RAE HISTORY ` had been been confcious of the pleafure they gave: and you may frequently ob- ferve the notes anfwered from the neighbouring woods on thofe occafions, but then they generally liften and fing by turns. Thefe birds are feldom kept in cages, which I fuppofe may be owing to the negligence of the people, who feldom like to keep any thing that is common. They fay they never thrive when confined; but, if this be the cafe, it muft be owing to their want of knowing the proper food of them, which is only the oily kernel of the hoop-withe berries and {mall bird-peppers. It is extremely like the Mock-bird of North America in fhape and fize, but they differ a little in colour. | COENA. Daa ai III. Of Birds of the larger granivorous tribe with thick, conic, and mode- rately arched bills, proportioned limbs, and divided claws. pavo 1. Caudá longá, plumis uropigit pulcherrimis. The Peacock, Thefe beautiful birds have been introduced to Jamaica fome years ago, and are now common at moft of the gentlemen's feats there ; but they do not breed well in climate. CRAX 1. Niger, iride fubfufco-croceo, ventre albido. | ; Gallus ndi Slo, Hid. |. The Guragea Bid. This bird is of the fize and make of the Pea-hen, but the legs are longer and the tail narrower and more producted, It has a very beautiful creft of frizzled or cur- led feathers along the crown of the head; they are fomething like thofe in the tail of a drake, and rife in fucceffion one beyond another in two ranges which are nearly intermixed. -The fkin is pretty loofe over the head, and continues fo over the thickeft part of the bill, where it generally is of a yellow colour: the eye is full, round and blackifh. MELEAGRIS 1. Caudam erigens. The Turkey. Thefe birds breed very well in fome parts of Jamaica; but they require a good deal of care and a moderate climate while young. GALLUS 1. Clamofus maculis minoribus orbiculatis va- | rius, crifid corned, caudd borizontali. The Guinea-Hen, Galina Africana Jonft. Gc. Barr. GALLUS 2. Clamofus maculis minoribus orbiculatis ) varius, crifid corned, caudá borizon- talk, pectore albo. The white-breafted Guinea-Hen. Both thefe fpecies are very common in Yamiaica, and breed often in the woods, where they are frequently found wild. They generally lay from twenty to eighty or a hundred eggs, and raife a great number of young at a time. GALLUS 3. Cauda erettd, crifid carned. The Dunghill Cock. There is a great variety of thefe birds in Jamaica, where they are eafily raifed, there being a great variety of fine grain that grows naturally there, and the climate both pleafant and favourable: thefe, with turkeys, Guinea hens, and ducks, fupply the greateft part of the tables of thatifland, efpecially in the country parts, where they cannot be fo well fupplied with butchers meat; and no people, for this reafon, s. take D rs XA Mek TOS A 471 take,a greater care of their breed. At prefent, you may obferve the following va- rieties there, vz. GALLUS. 1. Pugnax. 2. Licinus. 3. Minor Banticus. 4. Maximus ovis fublutefcentibus. 5. Rettricibus carens. But the chicken of all the fpecies, as well as thofe of the turkeys and Guinea-hens, are extremely fubject to the yaws, a diforder that breaks out in little warty ulcers about the gills and jaws, which deftroys great numbers of them. | TETRAO 1. Lined fupercitharum {The Quail, commonly calleda Partridge alba. in Famaica, Thefe birds were introduced there from North America, and fet loofe in many parts of the ifland; but it cannot be expected that they will increafe much, any more than other birds that neftle upon the ground, in a country that abounds with Ínakes. U E X 71— IN. Of Birds that have firong crooked bills, and open claws whofe digits are generally furnifbed with ftrong arched nails. - Note, Mott of thefe birds are carnivorous, though many live entirely on fruit and other vegetable fubítances: they are all of the hawk, vulture, parrot, and owl kind. F ALCO 1. ee fuf undulatim mifcellus, uet du Minntetbalieuda This bird is a native of Jamaica, and lives chiefly in the cooler mountains; it is about the fize of the European kite, and a bird of prey, living chiefly on young birds and lizards, Cc. FALCO 2. Minor rufefcens, undulatim mifcellus. The Sparrow-Hawk. This little bird is generally about the fize of our fmalleft pigeons; it is very active, and a bird of prey, living chiefly on eggs and the {maller lizards. It is very common in the Windward Iflands. FALCO 3. Maximus fubcinereus criffatus. The Oronooko Eagle. This bird is very large, and a native of thofe countries eaftward of Santa Martha, on the main continent; but is often brought to Yamaica by our traders. VULTUR 1. Pullus, capite implumi cute craffd rugofá ultra aperturas nafales laxatd tecfo. The Carri Vultur Galline Africane facie. Slo. H. t. 254. e Carrion-Crow. The 'Turkey-buzzard of Cat. t. 6. This bird is rather fmaller than a turkey-pout, which it refembles very much both in the form and appearance of the bead; the apertures of the nofe are very large, ftretched lengthways, and lined with a loofe red fkin.that covers all the upper part of the beak. We know of no other creature that has the fenfe of fmelling fo exquifite as this; it generally flies very flow, and with its wings expanded, waving of one fide and the other as it moves againft the wind; and it foon difcovers by the fubtile exhalations where any carrion lies. It is of fer- vice to the country in general, by preventing the putrefa&ion (and infections ari- fing therefrom) of fuch;creatures as die among the bufhes, and the flops that are gene- Hs THE’ NA TURAE HISTOOR.Y generally thrown Sere into. the ftreets, Gc. and the legiflative body of the ifland were fo fenfible of this, that they have carefully provided for its, fafety, as-a bird of: general ufe-and: benefit to the iland. Thefe birds are of a very alkalefcent nature, and ftink much in a ae minutes after they are killed; they are no great breeders, PSITTACUS t. MaximusYerules varius, died pro- duéta. _ Pfittacus caudá cuneiformt, Cm nudis: lineis H plumofis 5. JN; "Püttachs makimus alter Jonft. Barr. This beautiful bird is a native of Famaica; tho’ feldom catched there ; moft of thofe that are generally feen about gentlemen’s houfes, being introduced there frótü the main, where’ they are more common. I have feen-one or two of thefe birds wild in the’ woods of St. Anns, and yet keep fome of ‘the feathers of one that was killed there by me; but they are very rare in the ifland, and keep generally in the moft unfrequented inland parts. dwards.- . PSITTACUS ; 2. Miu tactic varius, BS SAS ERE SBS 3 | caudd producid. Pfittacus.caudé cunetformt, temporibus nu- Ther red Mackaw of Edwards. dis rugofis, L.S.N. l Pfittacus maximus Jonf. Barr. This beautiful bird is as large. as the foregoing, and of a more gaudy NUES not fó agteeable an appearance. Itis not a native of Jamaica, but they are frequently brought there om ud pe pen Age e the main, where they are An — e à x COR 3 : Hore hg ps e By d es" * wee L^ MEM 3 d k sou pa 58 " NE ai ty 3 2f PSITTACUS 3 A iom viridis endi Pee | The. py green ione enel dutta. dutta. Parrot. This is a native of Jamaica and often přoves good ; but it is not reckoned a hardy bird. t PSITTACUS 4. Medius viridis luteo quandoque varius, t The Müfkèeto- bore infimá fronte nizrá. Parrot. This fpecies comes frony that part of the main continent commonly called the Loops a ied “penerally proves better than any of the other forts, if taken A a are black, as well as the prominent waxen part between Ee TREE A) "and as the feathers, which are all — at fief, fal 984 they are commonly fitieeded by others of a yellow colour, ° 1 Aw os pat PSITTACUS & Medius, viridis Juteo quandoque varius, angulis « alarum rubris, is "The Main-Parrot. . Medius cinereo. PYE p tens, “auda AP ? The Guinea Parrot; "rubrá, "This bin is s ofen brought to Jamaica i in the African fhips, and generally tum . out well. when take ip.young, which may be known by the hue of the iris. that part of the eye being gene is. a faint grey at firit; but milk white, and from ther the bird is old, pally | of Hes anit of the down of the cotton-tree, w at changes. ith | age, and runs through all the 'ftages toa with whi y Which i is its Ns ccu when ELPA Ha) | k PSIT- e blue Mackaw-of . E ` OFF | J) At Ms A AAG A 473 PSITTACUS 7. pome viridis, oculis & roftro ni- } The Jamaica Parrot, gris. This isa native of Jamaica, and, I acknowledge, of no great beauty; but it often proves a fine bird. There is a variation of it with a yellow bill, which is more liked, PSITTACUS 8. m viridi-cerule- 1 fus Soda Martha Cartel PSITTACUS 9. Medio minor, pecore & ventre rubello ` mifcellis, uertice albo, The Cuba Parrot, An, Püttacus viridis capite albo, Barr. L. S. N.? This is a very pretty bird, and frequently turns out well. PSITTACUS 10. Minimus viridis peore rubro, — 'The Parroket. PSITTACUS 11. Minimus totus viridis. The green Parroket, Both thefe birds are natives as well of Jamaica as of the neighbouring parts of the main continent ; and, like the reft of the kind, feed chiefly on fruit : but they are alfo great lovers of corny which frequently brings them to the fowlers toils; which are feldom any other than fmall pieces of ftick daubed over with bird- lime, or the refinous liquid that diftils from the gum-tree, fet up in convenient laces. z Parrots are generally reckoned very delicate meat, and eat not unlike pigeons ; they are. very common in the woods of Jamaica, and frequently ferved up at gentlemen’s tables in all the country parts of the ifland. STRIX 1. Rufefcens miftella, coloribus quafi undulatis; capite levi, iride croceo. i Cupra gucien Mark & Slo. H. 295. : Tbe, Mountain Oy m Mis mma Baw. pg 0000 | STRIX 2. Capite levi, plumis grizeo- albidis, labiorum pilofis. ; Noctua minor ex albido B fufco varia. Slo. H. 296. > The Screech-Owl, d s | | Strix flvatica major pulla. Barreri. Both thefe birds are very frequent in the woods; but the latter fort come often down to the low lands, and frequently deftroy the young pigeons in the pigeon- houfes, Both are carnivorous, and feed upon all manner of infects ; they are much of a fize when full-grown, fey = hte ee | Of Birds that have large ftraight bills, of a length nearly equal to tbe. ` | middle digits, and moderately flatted above. ae ! it [oves Garrulus ater. "The gabbling Crow. b. This bird is a native of famatca, and very common in the cooler inland wood c y parts, though feldom feen in the more open Savanaas. They are extremely cau- tious and watchful, very noify, and feem to imitate the founds of moft fyllables in 6F every we T HE NATO RAE HISTORY every language, in their gabblings. ^ "'hey feed generally upon fruits and other ve- getable productions, and are frequently ferved up at table while young. The bill is about’ the length of the middle digits, ftraight; and flightly compretfed at the fides; but’the upper part is fomewhat longer than the under one. In the natural pofition of the bird the wings ftretch beyond the middle of the tail. CROTOPHAGUS 1. Ater, roftro breviori com- | refo fuperne arcuato-cultrato. ¢ The Savanna Blackbird. T The Savanna Blackbird of Cat. app. t. 3. ò This bird is about the fize of a Barbary Dove, or fomething larger, black all over, and fplay-footed like a parrot. It hasa long fquare tail, a broad comprefied bill, and a fhort thin tongue; but the beak, or upper part of the bill, is flatted on the fides, arched and fharp above, and ftraight at the edges below: | "Phey live chiefly üpòn ticks and other {mall vermin; and may be frequently feen jumping about all the cows and oxen in the fields: nay, they are often obferved to fly on their backs; unlefs they lie down for. them, which, if much troubled with ticks, they generally do when they fee the birds about them ; but if the beaít be, heedlefs, they hop once or twice round it, looking very earneftly in the face every time they país, as if they feemed to know that it was only requifite to be feen, to be indulged. They are very noify birds, and one of the moft common forts in all the paftures of Sfamáica :' their flight is low and fhort. | PICUS 1. Pullus albo variegatus, vertice coccineo, lin- | gud ad apicem barbaté. | > The Wood-pecker. Picus niger crijta coccinea, Barr. 143. OTS. d I do not know whether it be peculiar to this fpecies to have a flender bearded point to the tongue, not having an opportunity of examining many of the fort; but, if not, it is a very peculiar circumftance omitted in the character of the genus. The bird is nearly of the fize of a Barbary Dove, with a long. bill and fhort rounded wings. The tongue is very thin and flender at the top, and furnifhed with feven or ten flender ftiff briftles on both fides; but below it is round. and’ mulcular, like a worm, and terminates in two long mufcular and tendinous branches, which enable it to ftretch to a confiderable length, and.contra& again, to its ufual limits, at pleafure; running in fo many loofe vaginz, on both fides of the fkull, to the fore part of the forehead, where they are fixed near the bale of the bill. _The toes are divided into pairs, as in the reft of the kind ; and furnifhed with fharp, arched long | nails, which enables it,to hold to the trunk or limb: of any timber or tree in whatever (3 fituation it pleafes to fix itfel£.... It generally lights on decayed trees, and, on knock- ing with its bill, foon finds by the found where it is hollow, and where the fhell is thinneft over the cavity: juft’ there'it fixes, and ‘by the mufcles of the neck | fets the ‘bill to “work fo‘ quick’ thatthe founds feem to’ fucceed’ one another | as clofely ds tlie ‘half, notes in'a quick-played jig. It foon makes a hole for the bill to get in, and then picks out whatever it pleafes with its tongue; but. if the fpoil fhould be too remote, it goes again to work, and foon makes a paflage for the body. It neftlés alfo in fach Hefte kad thereby generally fecures its young fr om both fnakes and hawks. , It is:a very. beautiful bird;: but the feathers, of the tail, which are'always fixed againft the body of every limb or tree it works at, the better to fupport itfelf when: ination, are generally much worn, and look like fo many naked fiumps.,... .. .... - | E The. bil of ‘this bird. is, ftraight, jtapering, .obtufely triangular, and much : longer than any of it§ digits :. it. is. flatted on the. fides, and pointed, in the form. of a wedge, atithe. top: 'Theimouth: ftretches:. pretty : high, and. the: nafal, apertures ed. ‘The :eyes.are. ímall.and black, and furrounded | are rounded, low; and 4 o ered; , with black eyelids, The feathers-ab synofe, eats, and throat, are whitiths ERE P : | l but OFF HW 1AALM UAT ES A A- but from the middle of. the; forehead, ora little lower, to the middle of the neck, they are of a. fine ícarlet colour and fpread gradually as they defcend.... The fea- thers, of the: lower part of the neck, back, rump, and thighs, are blackifh;, and variegated. with narrow traníveríe. white lines, towards. the top... The. wings are blackifh, and almoít of an even colour. The breaft and belly is of an olive colcur, mixed with a little fcarlet between the thighs, which are pretty long in proportion to the reft of the body. The legs are fhort, about the length of the longeít digits, and fcaled. The toes are placed.two. before, and two behind; but thofe on the outfide, which are almoft even, are the longeft: the feathers of the tail are pretty ftiff. BARISTUS 1, Major fubcinereus, capite nigro, — The Loggerhead. ""BARISTUS 2. Minor fubctnereus vertice uero Y pectore albido. The fmaller Loggerhead. ; BARISTUS. 3. Minimus pullus, vertice nigro. The leaít Loggerhead, In all thefe fpecies the bill is long, ftraight, and large in proportion to the body, flatted above, and fharp at either fide: they are very pugnacious, and fight defpe- rately. ‘The bills of thefe birds are very ftrong, and broader in proportion to the fize of the body, than thofe of any other birds that I have feen; but not at all like thofe reprefented by Sir Hans Sloane, t. 259. The length and breadth of their bills alone makes me range them in this c'ats. x . S: Eu vE VI Of Birds that have long [lender bills that arch and taper very mode- rately to the top. Note, The birds of this tribe are generally well proportioned : they have moderate legs and open claws, whofe middle digits are nearly of a length with their bills ; and live- | ibd. oe ve commonly in dry hilly places, Arkë i ; CETT SEE VET *4 x f E | 2 85595855 : ik : pees: 1. Major nigrans aureo gn long-tailed, black-caped aquo ee ; Uk xen quee 1:85 Dr: — "POLYTMUS 2. Medius nigrans aureo fubjplendens, > Kio | tvginnis uropigit deflitutus, cauda lise 5 ps fubtus fubcroced, 00 o va ^ «n POLYTMUS 3- Viridans aureo vari? fplendens, T E Fame o X Regulus omnium minimus, &c. , Barr.146,7. 00 Dis Edu. t 3340 =i T : .POLYTMUS 4. Minimus variegatus, The little Humming-bird of Ed. t. ult. " nue an equal ptogreflive motion alfo: but they generally attack the eyes And dther ke TAE RATY KAW HLS TORY tender parts, and by that means put the others in great confufion, while they endeavour to make off. The motion of thefe little birds is extremely nimble, fly- ing frequently backwards and forwards, to an fro, in an inftant; and that, often, with their bodies in a perpendicular pofition : but as they return from thofe chacing combats, their flight is fo fwift that you cannot obferve them; nor know what courfe they take, but by the rufhing noife they make as they cut through the air. They make their little nefts chiefly of cotton, or the down of fome other plants, intermixed with a few hairs and a little fine mofs; and faften them generally to fome fmall branch of an orange ot lemon tree, where they are well covered by the foliage and larger branches. ` TODUS r. Viridis, petfore rubro, roffro recto. Rubecula viridis elegantifima. Sl. H. t. 263. ¢ The Tom-tit, The green Sparrow of Edw. t. 221. This little bird is hardly larger than the green Humming-bird; but its legs and thighs are longer, and the bill more comprefied and quite ftraight. It is a very fa- miliar and beautiful bird, and will often let a man come within a few feet, and look for minutes together at it, before it moves. It keeps much about houfes in the country parts, flies very flow, and probably may be eafily tamed. ORIOLUS Subolivaceus canorus, roflri apice attenuato | adunco. ~ ! The red-eyed Fly-catcher of Catefby. The Mp-tom-Relip _ Ihe olive Fly-catcher of Edw, part 5. I believe this to-be a bird of paffage, and pretty frequent in fome of the neigh- bouring parts of America; but it is alfo often feen in Jamaica, and fometimes con- tinues there for a confiderable part of the year, It has not many notes, but thefe are loud and {weet. Its claws are.of the common form; but the bill is rather longer than the middle digit, ftraight and roundi(h, and the upper part ends in a flender crooked point that turns over the extremity of the other. CUCULUS 1. ee olivaceus, caudá longiori, ciliis s The Old Man, This bird is feldom feen out of the bufhes or woods, where it generally lives ; the bill is longer than any of the digits, ftraight, conic, and moderately comprefied on the fides; but the top of the uppermoft part is pretty flender and bends over the end of the lower. The tip of the tongue is as if lacerated ; the rictus is pretty large, . and the eyes, which are not far from it, are furrounded with red lids, The colour of the whole body.is nearly of añ olive; but, on the back and upper part of the wings it approaches to a light brown: about the throat it is whitifh; and the belly is almoft yellow. The wings are roundifh and (hort, not reaching beyond the rump: but the tail is almoft as long as the reft of the body, and compofed of ten feathers, whereof the four uppermoft are the longeft, and cover the reft, which grow gradu- ally fhor ter, are tiped with white underneath, and placed three on each fide. It has fout toes on each foot, but two of thefe are placed. before, and an equal number behind, It has a fhort eafy flight, and is not timorous: it climbs and holds like the Wood-pecker, | | : MEROPS 1. Niger, iride fubargented. , Monedula, &c. Slo. H. t. 257. The Barbadoes Blackbird. The purple Jac RR This bird is of a delicate form, and all fhining black, except the iris which is whi- tifh. The bill is nearly of the length conic form, tapering and arched: udo CM ut E—— MU DEE Iff A^ M. X TEFA 457 but the. wings are rather roundifh, and ftretch fcarcely beyond the rump. lt has. a pretty,mufical note, and, would probably prove a very agreeable bird in a cage: but it feeds chiefly upon ticks and other vermin. | Icterus major, &c. Slo.H and Banana Bird of Cat, The black-béaded I&erus of Edw. t. 77. app. t. 5. Rollrum longitudine digiti medii, conico-acutum, leviffimà arcuatum, ad bafrm craffiufculum leucopbeum, ad apicem attenuátum nigrans. Lingua ad api- cem bifida, ad latera quafi ferrata. Corpus fuperne olivaceus, fubtus luteus, ad oculos, gulam & partem fuperiorem pectoris nigrum. Cade &§ ale ni- gre, remigibus fecundis albtsi Ale ultra uropigium vix porrecta. XANTHORNUS 2. Minor, nigro varius. "Er Banana Bird; and Banana I&erus minor, &c. Slo. H. Bird of Edw. Part 5. Both thefe birds are very beautifal, and ave a delicate {weet note ; but the firft is chiefly brought from.;the. main, few. having yet bred in the. ifland. The fecond fpecies is a native of Jamaica ; it builds” its neft of the fibrous part of the Renealmia, and hangs it from the moft extended branches of the talleft trees, efpecially fuch as fpread over rivers or ponds, if any lie convenient, the better -to fecure both its eggs and young from the fnakes. The neft is curi- oufly interwoven, and looks as if it had been made of horfe-hair; but, upon a ftri& examination, the fibres are found branched, which fhews it to be made of fome vegetable fubítance, -as we have already mastitioned: and I know of none that anfwer the appearance except thofe of the Rencalmia and U/nea, which grow both naturally i in this country. It is rare to fee thefe birds in cages in Jamaica, tho’ fach as might be efteemed in the fineft aviaries in the world; but there, they are zo more than Bonana birds; and not fo much regarded as the common fparrow that hauls his bucket, "XANTHORNUS 1; Major, nigro varius. The large Banana Bird; EM. NESE T9 T y Birds whofe TES re of a FRE sue or ites hee a middle di gits, having long legs, partly naked thighs, and divided od la : and living chiefy, in waiéry places, tho they do not forme -szabi ò Sh a sd1 15 ba Note, Though the claws are divided in all the individuals of this dat thé | Wo outward digits are generally webbed a little at ithe bate d Ji [9i] 8 Ò | ORDER L of Juch as bave Jong LAT bills, Eis RINGA 1, Pulla maculis minoribus rotundis albis RE bk Thi pn ventre albicanti. - 5 Ripe eaves terioribus ad imum membrand conneciis. Kira. lero. This bird is not uncommon in the low lands after | heavy ra rains; E: a chiefly about ponds, and feeds on worms and fmall quac | | : TRINGA 2. Subeinerea, ventre. ado, collo anulo kg i 1 la ^ 3 gaol v | 0 alba nigro marginato cindo. E. : 6 G. very uncommon, and feidom obferved in any other part of the country. NUMENIUS 1. Pullus fubtus albidus. The grey Plover, or Wag-tail. This bird is pretty common in “famaica: it lives chiefly about lonely ponds; and is often feen near the fhore, in calm weather. ORDER l Of Juch as bave large angular bills, ARDEA 1. Major grifza criftata, capite nigro, vertice & ciliis albicantibus. Ardea cerulea. Sl. t. 264. f. 5. Ardea eriflata, Cat. t. 79. This bird is one of the largeft of the tribe in Jamaica: the greateft E cf the head is black; but the crown, and.a little face about the eyes, is white ; and the reft of the body of an even grey colour, except the long feathers of the back which are moftly black in the middle and grey at the edges... The feathers: of the creft are fome black, others white, few in number, and very long, This bird is not uncommon in famaica, and lives hieis about rivers and la- goons. It is fometimes ferved up at table, like other wild fowl, and generally thought pretty good meat. The grey crefted Gaulding. ARDEA 2. Plumbea criflata, capite nigro, ver- 2 | tice albo. The blue Gaulding, Ardea czruleo-nigra. Slo. H. t. 263. M - "T he bill of this bird is very ftrong, long and pointed, and the greatelt part of the head covered with black feathers; but the crown, from the back part of which it throws out a long creft, is all white, as well as two-oblong ftreaks that lie under the eyes, and run from the opening of the jaws to a little diftance beyond the ears. All the reft of the body is of a lead-colour, except the back, whole feathers are moftly of a blacker hue, They live, like the foregoing g» in marfhy places; and are fometimes ferved up at table, like other wild fowl. | ARDEA 3. Subfufca major, collo & pectore albo un- E dulatis, € The Clucking- Hen. An, Ardea filvatica coloris ferrugine Bart. | ò This bird is pretty frequent in Jamaica; but it keeps chiefly in the woods and more lonely. inland puts o the ifland, It is ms id looked upon as the beft wild fowl in the ifland. . , ARDEA 4. Alba major. : Ardea alba maxima. Slo. H. t. 266, & Barr. i The white Gaulding yas EA. g fer fubfufco-grifea, cratibus breviori- us AMA frellaris minor, &c. Slo. Hift, t. 263. The Crab-catcher, Itpida. Rit. t. 69. & Cancrofagus major Barr. - ARDEA 6. Minor fubgrifea albido firiata, alis 1 "The fmall red-winged 1 ifee-rufe efcentibus, Crab-catcher. This i 18 ‘the fimalleft fpecies. of the Crab-catcher i in MCA: the bill is Ta ge and ftrong; the body ftriped, and the win PA brown colour, .. The whole bird IS very beantifnls and not above the (a pigeon... T | ARDEA 4y& T HESNOAATER/AL HESTORY : : I have feen a few of thefe birds about. the lagoons in St. George’s ; but they are — — "M ————————H OFF ij -A AML A TFAG A. 479 ARDEA 7. Fujco- | 7 viene ^ "ss n Jpn nd The larger Crab catcher, This bird is much larger than the foregoing, and crefted; but this is. hort and eafily erected, and, in {ome fhape, refembles the creft of an Indian cock. The breaft of this bird is marked with white pretty low, NW UC T... VIL Of Water-fowls, or Birds that pafs. a confiderable part of their time ELI upon the water. -` Note, All the birds of this clafs have broad membranous webs between their toes, or have them furnifhed with membranous edges, which enable them to move with great eafe in the water. O-R D.E.R.L Of fucb as have their toes garnifhed with membranous edges, but not at all conneéted or joined together. ULICA 1. Mayor pulla, fronte cerá coccined oblongo-? E quadratá glabrd obdutta, membrand >The red-faced Coote, digitorum angufiifimd. | S Roftrum fubcraffum, leniter arcuatum, conicum, oblongum, acutum, longitudine trientis digiti medii vel ultra, ad apicem | fubluteum ultra coccineum, Frons cerd coccined levi oblongo-quadratd ultra medietatem obducta. Oculi minores nigri. Color totius corporis nigro-plumbeus leniter nitens, ad dorfum fubolivaceus, ad ventrem levior, inter crura albo mifcellus. Cauda brevior conico-obtuja, reciricibus marginalibus inferioribus albo mar- ginata. "le oblonge ultra medietatem caude porrelae remigibus exteri-' ` oribus albo marginatis. Crura longiora ultra medietatem plumata, infra nuda coccinea, ‘Tibia longe olivacee fquamofe. Digiti longiores quaterni; margine angufto inferne utringue donati : fed membrana nulla connecti ; berum unus poftice fitus eft. Ungues acuti longi leviffime arcuati. Lingua craffuf- cula, apice cartilagineo integro. 2 e acuminatá glabré obdudld, membrana’ FULICA 3. Major pulla, fronte cerd albd fuperné 9: digitorum latiori lacerd. À The Plantane &oto. FULICA 3. Miner pulla, cerá minori — The fmall'Plah tie dbi, cante. gu/tifimá, s: y All thefe fpecies are frequent in the Tagoons about the Ferry, and often killed and ferved up at gentlemen’s tables : but they eat a little fifhy ; though the fecond and third fpecies, which are reckoned the beft, feed chiefly on plantanes, when any of thefe trees grow by the water fide. They are very wary birds; and though their feet be not webbed, they dive; -fwim and. move in the water with as much fa- cility as any of the tribe, and frequent it the moft of all that live within land. The laft fpecies has never been defcribed before ; it isa very beautiful little bird, and Mad FULICA 4. Minima mifcella, fronte plumatá, pechare) aun. : | Jabplumbeo, membrand dicen ie | deine of E T TA E AT. URAL. HIS TO RE very naturally pi@tured by Mr. Edwards, in a book with which he intends to favour the public foon, | COLYMBUS 1. Minor pullus, digitis inferne connectis The fmall dark-co- Juperne marginatis. t loured Dab-chick or .. Colymbus five Podiceps minor Will. ‘Slo. H.ii. t271. s Di-daper. This bird is very frequent in all the lagoons about: the Ferry, and keeps in the water the moit.of any birds in. that part of the world, — .. sm adii. i Tong 9 DuE cR. | ‘Of of feb as have the three Joris toes connected by membranous webbs. Y3HOENICOPTERUS i. Pallus, vertice cg angulis alarum coc- - Cineis. er The Flamingo. Phenicopterus Cat. t. 79. & Barr. 140. ^" Hele birds tho’ the ihhabitants of the neighbouring coafts of Cuba and the main, are feldóm feen^ih S'amaica, except when forced over by ftormy weather, orim- .. ported bythe curious. They go in flocks, and keep generally by the fea fide, where they” have often proved a fafe-cuatd to the neighbouring fettlers; their “numbers, “fize, “and colour having fometimes impofed on the timorous and the unwary, who ^U" Bave taken them for foldiers. While thefe birds are young, they.are of a dark co- lour, except a few feathers in the crown of the head and cornets of the ‘wings ; but as they advance in years they turn chiefly of a fcarlet colour. They are tail úptight "birds, and feem to hold a medium between thofe that live chiefly in the water and fuch'as only frequent watery places; for tho” they fwim with great eafe, they live "'meftly near the" fürf. When thefe birds feed they turn INC Py pan of tt bill towards the poung, and the point towards their feet. — bo PELECANUS, I. Subai, rag di MEN "M sc eH. ET 3 Al Onocratulus guld faccatd L. S = The Pelican. This bird is pretty frequent about nay and lives chiefly on the produce of the fea, which is no where more plentiful or more eafily obtained: It flies and fwims MI great cafe, and paffes the greateft part of the day out at fea; a Keeps à othe: rocks and fmall iflands at t night, “CYGNUS: d b » lb 1. Su abu YÄ hh us albidus, ee recto loti d» The Goole 1: dni cl vliasupsn 1i CYGNUS: 2 ! 7 CR. Is n I | 9 ain ongiori; nir latiori uds The China Goo fe. This bird is very like what we call the Mufovite aped in Europe; but its cackle E. very biis from that’ of the other. Both thefe fpecies ate cómmon enough in Jamaica, and breed. very well-in the inland pus of the ifland, where they have '- plenty ofi water: and» a Pag: —" IM ads abso: are aisdw s ANAS TN owe: ĉa » cerá. intei tá obduéhe Cea *: Ec Anas. Mis Geín. im t t The Misit Du ANAS 2j Domen » Ron variegata, POH uropigii fiers m P “ANAS 3. Subfufea major, Foftro et vertice nigrican- tibus, alts variegatis. The whiftling Duck. Kris Ta sa Barr, & Anas fffularis Slo. H LI ANAS P —cUr TUE Áo CREER CE: » OG X! UH. AAM ATEO A. 481 ANAS 4. Subfufca, alis nigris, roffro rubenti. The Spani/b-main Duck. ANAS 5. Fufta criflata ad gulam alba, ) ' iride flammeá. > The American Wood Duck, Anas eriflata. Cat. t. 97. $ ANAS 6. Subfufta minor, remigibus extimis ceru-) leis, mediis albis, maximis Jubvireftentibus.y The Teal, Fajftid albá in fronte. S The third and fixth fpecies are natives of Yamaica, and breed wild in man parts of thecouritry, efpecially where it abounds in ponds and lagoons. The firft fort breeds fo eafily that it is now very common in every part of the ifland, and the moft common diíh at every tablein the country; but the others do not thrive fo well, nor have they yet come into a breed of the whiftling duck, though a native, and a fine fort; and its young are too frequently deftroyed by the amphibious kind, to breed well abroad. | The Booby; and the Booby - roftro Jerrato-dentato. of Catefby ; t. 87. Anferi bafino afinis, Slo. Hift. This bird is fomewhat fmaller than the common fea-gull, which it refembles both in its flight and make; but it is rather of a more oblong form, and varies much in its colour, which moft frequently borders upon the yellowifh. The genus is eafily diftinguifhed by their ftraight pointed bills, with a (mall prominence under- neath, and the web that runs between the three fore toes, lt lives, like the fol- lowing, on the productions of the fea, and flies fomething like the Shear-water, between the waves; but it generally reforts to the next rock or unfrequented place in the evening, to país the night more at eafe.. The bird is common about all the lonely rocky clifts and unfrequented iflands in America, ANJETHETUS 1. Major melinus fubtus "d AN/ETHETUS 2. Minor fufcus, vertice ci- opens tarda, ryfiro glabra... Anas anguffirofira, &c. Barr. | em b - This bird is much about the fize of the red-fronted Coote, and of a flate colour, bordering upon the brown, except the forehead, which is whitifh. The bill is black, pointed and ftraight, and the three fore toes. webbed like thofe of the foregoing. It lives on the productions of the fea, for which it hunts all the day-time ; but at night it retires, like the Booby, to the next firm ftand it obferves, and perches fome- times upon the mafts or yards of a fhip, when any fuch is near, inftead of a tree ; nor does it chufe.to fly until the approach of day, and will frequently be rather laid hold of than quit its ftation, in which: it endeavoürs to maintain itíelf by its threatening but harmlefs bill. Its flight is low and eafy. kso The Noddy; and the Noddy. a SOF Gate te 88, .. LARUS 1. (a) Minor albidus, vertice ti-1 The fmaller black-caped white gro. Sis Sales F Sea-Gull, This little bird hardly exceeds the Martin in fize, and is remarkable for its great agility. It is frequent about the north-eaft coaft of Jamaica, where the influx of — fo many rivers occafion an extraordinary refort of all forts of fifh. rm (a) N. B. This genus may be yery property divide tate; r. Thofe hae have tubular noftrils ;~and;* 2. Thofe that have only nafal apertures in the mandibles; as Mr. Edwards has done, 6H deb. 1) ty LARUS &82 THE ATAU RAA BH CORY LARUS 2. Medius fubcinereus ad oculos da), E. qı An, Larus pifcator cinereus, Barr. The dates grey Sea Gull This bird is about the fize of a common duck, and of a bright grey colour, but black'about the eyes: it is frequent about the harbours of Port-Royal and King- flon; where it meets with a great variety of all forts of fith, which ‘is its conftant food. LARUS 3. Medius fubfufcus. The large dark Sea-Gull. This bird, is rather larger than the foregoing, and keeps generally in large flocks about the harbours and keys of Jamaica. Thelarge Sea-Gall, with HE. 2v imis. the middle tail fea- Larus rectricibus intermediis longiffimts. L. £t thers longer than the reft. LARUS 4. Subfufeus major, vertice nigro, ventre al- ido, reétricibus intermediis longt/- at, The Arétic Bird of Edwards, 148, 9. This bird is about the fize of the grey Sea-Gull, and very common in the feas to the north of Bermudas, where I obíerved it in. my voyage from "famaica. The failors call it a Shear-water, and obferve it in all thofe northern feas; but it is fel- dom feen to the fouthward, ; iss Mother Kery’s Chick ; or STERNA 1, Mi hi Ju omg seh d 45) the fmaller Petterill, or Sea-. albis, alis tranfverfe & obli- S j . x A i a wallow, with alight cloud 11 ic = FAC fee Fe aftra a-crofs the wings. ; _ "This bird is fomewhatlarger than the common fwallow, which it refemblesgreatly, both in fize and make. The tail is a little forked and pretty broad, and the body furrounded with a white ring, about the rump. ‘They are common. in the weftern feas, and generally ni UR with a frefh gale of wind; for they feed on fuch recrements as {wim on the furface of the waves in fuch weather, STERNA 2. Major fufca humile vo- | The larger dark Petterill, or Shear- “i Ta tatoo lans. dd CO eee Fa abet This bird is obferved in all parts of the fea; it is rather fmaller than a pigeon, of a dark or blackifh colour, and flies fo clofe to the furface of the water, that it fre- quently lies hid between the waves for a confiderable time. ib x .STERNA 3. Media, dorfo fufco, ventre urg- The white-faced Shear-wa- pones otpigto & fronte albidis. ^j ter. Chis, bird is rather fmaller than the foregoing, and not i common : T obferved it about the latitude of 36, in.my voyage from Samaica. : A Ti ry dw. uot Balitrsot «ira R DoE R IJ. Of juch as have all their toes connected by membranous webbs, Ai Media alba, vis ne Tropic Birdof Edwards, 149. 4nd ... binis intermediis Jon- eem cos isy8ifimis, ait adl The Tropic Birdof Caf; app, ti 14. B O SF HJ ASM ASI-G A 483 The ftraight make of the bill, the length of the tail, and the continued web that runs between all the toes, diftinguifh this genus füfficiently from all'others. It lives, like the following, within the .tropics, and. refembles it. very much jin tfiake, flight, and manner “of nourithment; but. itis feldom feen fo near the thore,It-breeds on the moft defolate rocks and lonely iflands, and is often feen at very confiderable diftances from land. bifurca. dark-coloured A/cyon with a Hirundo marina major, &c. Barr. flender forked tail. This bird is of a confiderable fize, coming neareft to the Pelican of all the birds that live in thofe feas: but it keeps chiefly. abroad, and is often feen from one to two hundred leagues from íhore. . It is remarkable for its lofty eafy flight and unin- cumbered make, reforts to the moft unfrequented rocks and lonely places, andis fel- dom feen n near any inhabited fhores, ALCYON 2. Mayor pulla, caudá longiori Cs Man- of- war Bird ;\ or the Rett Gy. wee eiu qr ss aN A DIR UP-E D A d Besser the habits, ufes, and properties of the greateft part of this clafs are very well known, there are many of the individuals, and fome of thofe very ufeful too, of which we hardly know more than the names, .or-fome other diftant particulars. There are, indeed, but few that are peculiar to Jamaica; and, among thofe that are, we hardly find one of any note: but, as there are great numbers of different forts daily imported there, as well from Africa as from the neighbouring coafts, and that the methods of living, or other natural. caufes, are frequently obferved to change the difpofitions even of thofe that are imported there from Europe, Y was induced to give a brief but general account; ofall the animals of this clafs I obferved there; and I doubt not but every man, who looks into the particulars, will excufe my having inlarged is part. ot, the work we a recital of fome of the beft known fpecies, omigniy StH? asw: F: E S m yat viser 58-5 nc Q oa Eas res EU Ses SEM Le AHAT? Note, T. he individuals of this tribe are ai wer 'nioft of the Carnivorous kind, and for this reafon generally very (fearful and- wary, feldom ven- ; turing abroad but by night, or in the dufk of the evening; which has given a rife to fo general a motion of their flothfulnefs, from whence they baye received this appellation. |... CIURUS I. Major grifeus, ¢ £audá extrema iia An nia S diffufis. } The grey SCIURUS 72. Medius dif The Bowi Sikre! - SCIURUS 5. Mintmus, bypocondriis prolixis volans, ventre albido. d The F lying-Squirrel. . Thefe a4 THE XATA MAL BIS TORY Thefe three fpecies are natives of North America, and frequently brought to Jamaica for the amufement of the curious. MUS 1. Subfufcus maximus, caudá oblongá pilofá The Spanifh Racoon, tra trientem albida, MUS 2. Maximus pullus, caudá oblongá pilofd, dorfo fabfetofo. MUS 3. Major. fufco-cinere[cens caudá truncatá, The {mall Indian Coney. i The large brown Indian Coney, MUS 4, Major allo fulvoque varia, cauda nulla. "The Guinea Pig. MUS 5. Domeflicus medius, caudá longá fabssd The Hou’ and Can eR at corpore fufco-ctnerefcente. d MUS 6. Domefticus minor, caudá longa fubuudd, corpore fifi ig. Moufe, cinerefcente, abdomine albicante. Though one only of thefe be a native of Famaica, all the fpecies are pretty com- mon there. The firt is generally imported from Cuda and the neighbouring iflands, where it is moft common : its eyes, lips and teeth, are like thofe of a rabbit, but the ears are fhorter and fmaller, though much of the fame form. The hair is pretty ruff; and the feet have each five digits, but the innermoft of the fore feet are ` {maller than the reft. The noftrils are widerand more free than thofe of the rabbit; the penis hangs out pretty far, and the tail is ftraight, tapering, and hairy. |. It feeds on vegetables like the reft of the kind, but holds its food fometimes in. one «of its fore-paws. | t s i The fecond fpecies is a larger animal, being feldom lefs than one of our hares; but it is of the fame make with the other, and of an uniform colour, having fome very fti hairs, az rather. brifles, on the lower part of the back. | And the third, which is a native of Jamaica, and fmaller than either of thefe two, differs but little fróm them either in form cr method of living; exce t the tail, which is fhort and ftumped, being feldom above two inches and a half in length. 1 | The fourth fpecies is pretty frequent in all the iflands, and often kept to breed like other animals; but it is not liked by many people. The fifth fort is very common in all the fugar-colonies, where it proves ex- tremely deftructive to the fugar-canes, efpecially where the cane-pieces are covered with £ra/b, or over-run with weeds, They generally cut and deftroy a vaft number of the plants, and frequently. reduce the produce of a piece by one-fourth, or better. There are great numbers of them in every plantation, though they take great pains to get rid of them; for the watchmen have feldom any thing elfe to do but to fet traps for them, which they do with infinite art and eafe. Numbers of the negroes roaft thefe animals in the ftoke-lioles, and eat them; and I have been informed by men of character, who ‘have tafted of them, that they are very delicate meat. > The liftfort is alfo very common every where, but not at all different from the European moufe eithér in form or difpofition. LEPUS 1. Caudá abruptá, pupillis rubris, L.S. N.- | The Rabbit. Thefe creatures. have. been frequently carried to all the fugar-iflands; but they do not breed faft.in any of thofe warm climates, though all abound with potatoe- flips and other weeds proper for their fuftenance. | CASTOR 1. | Coda lineari tereti... L. © PR i cM 1 The Water-Rat, commonly called rE S05 1 ebat Price's Rat. DOR -'Thefe creatures, though the natives of fome ' foreign land, are now grown very common LU OF, u AAM ATISG Ai 485 common in Jamaica, and are generally looked upon as pernicious animals; for they fpare neither fowls nor provifions, and are much larger than rats, among which they are commonly numbered there, IE -N. aS N&R Of the Ferg. Note, Moft animals of this tribe are carnivorous, and live chiefly by prey when - wild, which is the natural ftate of them, from whence they have re- received this common: appellation. RSUS 1. Major pullus. ^ The black Bear, URSUS 2. Medius canus. The grey Bear. Both thefe fpecies are natives of North America, and- often brought to Ya- maica by the traders from thofe colonies; but they have not been yet known to breed in the ifland, id FELIS- 1. Caudá elongatd, maculis fubrotundis fet i tist od E enmovegualibus. pote Tiu Pt: »'Fhis ferocious animal is a native of the main continent, but has not been yet feen alive in Jamaica; tho’ the fkins, which are much efteemed by our fadlers, are daily imported there from the Mu/Reeto-/hore, where they are often killed by the native Indians. FELIS 2. i i Sli unguibus retractilibus, auribus, — The Cat. This is the fame fort we have in Europe; but as the feafons are always mild in that part of the world, and theicouniry full of proper prey, fuch as birds, Indian coneys, cane-rats, toads and lizards, they are. apt to run wild. To prevent this inconveniency, the. country-people fplit or cut off their ears, to expofe thefe tender organs the more to the rain or dews; and by thefe means generally prevent them from going too much abroad. LO ode I A Cat is. à very daioty difh among the negroes, 4 -GALERA 1. Subfufca, caudá elongaté, oculis nigris ie foe ieS auribus fubnudis aphr fi Tàb:49 rf " dhe Gunea Box: Rofirum «productum. fubacutum barbatum, maxilla inferiore . longo, breviore, 7e: Dentes: primores fuperiores" Jex fubcomprefi acuti, exteriores paulo majores. «c Infertores totidem confimiles Vai P eod caninis | approximati. Canini fuperiores conici, medio inter molares €? primores pofita, Lingua retrors wotum aculeis fcabra, Caput oblongum, Oculi üblongo-rotundat: medio inter aures €? apicem rofiri locati. Aures comprele, femiclliptica rentformes, bumanis Sere fimiles. Pedes lacertofi validi fofforii; metatarfis oblongis. | Digiti utrinque quinque. Cauda conico-cylindracea producta, attenuata, recla, de- . enata :. Mamma?. (Duas 4nguinales tantum obferoare licuit). Corpus o © longum muri majori fimillimum, fubfufcum; birfutum, pilis villis temuroribus G8 CU brevioribus intermixtum, a figi Words. yy 3967 This creature is often brought to Yamaica from the coafts of Guinea, where it is a native, and frequent enough’ about all the negro-fettlements., It burrows under ground, and lives chiefly by plunder, It is of the fize of a (mall rabbit or cat, and very ftrong in its fore-feet, which are much fhorter:thanitheshinder, 9109 7 7 aoe | 6I MUSTELA 486 THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSTELA 1. Subfufta, lined longitudinali mid The Guinea Wealel. per utrumque latus dutta. I had this creature from the coaft of Guinea: the body is pretty long, the tail bufhy, and the fides marked each with a white ftreak near the belly; its hairs are (tiff, DIDELPHIS 1. Mammis bulga ventrali tetis, Suri The Opoffam. vulpino fimile. This is a native of North America, and frequently brought to amaica by the failors. Nature has furnifhed the female with a very curious lodge between the in- teguments of the abdomen, to carry and preferveits young from danger. CANIS Pilis carens, minor. The Indian Dog. | This creature is frequent among the ews and negroes in Jamaica: it is generally about the fize of a cur-dog with a rough {kin, which looks like the hide ofa hog. I take itis a different fpecies from any I have ever feen, though the gene- ral form agrees. They have moft of the other forts imported there from time to time, where they mix iand degenerate into a variety of mongrels; and, as there is no ` particular game in the country, they requiré only fuch as may be diftinguithed for their care and watchfulnefs. The other fpecies I have obíerved there from time to time, are, CANIS 1. Paftor fidelis diclus, auribus ereétis mediis. ‘The Cur-dog. CANIS 2. Aguaticus pilis, undulatis, quandoque caudá carens, The Water-dog. There is a variation of this that is pretty fmall. CANIS 3. Roffro craffiori repando major. The Bull-dog. There is a variation of this, called the Duzcb-pug, common enough in Yamaica. CANIS 4. Moloffeus tardivox, capite majore. The Dew-lap, or Dane. CANIS 5. Minimus pilis longioribus undulatis. The Lap-dog. There is a large variation of this kind called King Charles's breed, CANIS 6. Venaticus oblougus tardigradus Jubcraffus. The Hound. . T CANIS 7. Venaticus pectore ampliori, roftro €9 ventre me he Gleyhound. oribus. id de illins the {mall Italian grey hound, the greyhound, and the wolf-dog in Jamaica; but they are all very rare in that country, efpecially the latter fort. -VESPERTILIO 1, Minor angulis & extremitatibus voccalarum unguiculis uncinatis or-(.. The Bat. Bol. ; natis. ni Pifonis, "T hefe creatures are very common in Jamaica, and generally reft, during the day, in caves and hollow trees, but come out at night to feck for fcod. VESPERTILIO 2. Maxima glabra. The large {mooth Bat. I have not feen this creature p but- have been informed by Mrs, Carrol. that one was caught at her houfe which was quite bare and very large. 3 HYSTRIX Sani x O+ F J Ai MAL P OC ATUT 485 HYSTRIX 1. Subcinereus nitens, aculeis longiffimis. The Porcupine, This creature is fcldom feen in Yamaica ; though frequent enough on the coaft of Guinea, from whence it is fometimes brought there in the African fhips, The force and mechanifm with which this animal darts its long thorns at its enemy, when it is enraged, is really. admirable: nor is the infinitely {mall fetaé theíe are befet with, lefs remarkable, by which they ftick in the flefh with more obftinacy than a fimple body of the fame form could do. ‘Thek little fetz are very obfervableto ` the touch; for, on holding a thorn in your hands, and endeavouring to pull equally with both, you will find the thickeft end to glide with much more eafe through your fingers than the other. ` i . 9' HET III. Of JUMENTES, Ew US 1. Candé undique fetofá. L.S. N. The Horfe. Thefe quadrupedes, without doubt, were firft carried to Jamaica in the time of the Spaniards, moft of thofe that are ftill feen there being of that breed. They are generally fmall, but very fure-footed and hardy, which renders them extremely fit for thofe mountainous lands: and their hoofs are fo hard that they feldom re- quire fhoes; but this is the effect of the heat of the country and drynefs of the land in general, | The {kins of thefe animals are generally ufed by the country people to cover their couches, without tanning or drefling ; and feem to be very ft for that purpofe, but muft be kept dry. EQUUS 2. Caudé extremá fetofd. L.S. N. The Afs. ON d SUS 1. Dorfo anti? fetofo, caudá piod; L.S. N. -The Hog and wild Hog. Thefe animals, when tame, differ in nothing from thofe of the fame fort com- monly feen in Europe, being generally bred and raifed in the fame manner; but the wild, which are very common in all the inland woody parts of the ifland, where they meet with a great variety of different fruits in every feafon of the year, are very fierce ; and, if not wounded in any principal part, generally return with great fury upon the affailant, who is obliged to climb into fome neighbouring tree to avoid the fury of the beaft, They are generally caught in toils, or hunted down with dogs, whom they frequently deftroy, unlefs they be very cautious and well ufed to the game, SUS 2. Dorfo ponè fetofo, caudd fubnudá, L.8.N. The Guinea Hog. This, though a fmall fort, anfwers beft in America; for it breeds a greater number of pigs than any other kind, and thefe, very rich and delicate: but the old ones are fo fat, that none, except the boars, are ever brought a table... SEC T. 488 THE NATURAL HISTORY SucE Enos (IV, Of the Pecora, or fleeced tribe. AMELUS 1. Topbo dorfi unico, vertice glandulofo. 1 Camelus £opbo jarni L.S. N. Te sil This, properly fpeaking, is the Dromedary, of which great numbers have been lately imported into Jamaica; but the people are as yet fo littleacquainted with their cuftoms and manner of feeding, thatthey have been hitherto of little fervice there. This creature has a gland in the pole of the neck, by the drynefs or moifture of which a man may judge of the ftateof its ftomach. It feeds there chiefly upon pin- guins; but its moft natural food is the boughsand tops of trees, It isa very patient and laborious eafy creature: the emis turns back between the hind legs, and dif- charges the urine that way; but they never make much at a time. The flefh of them is reckoned very tender and wholefome; and the milk is faid to be a great reftorative; confumptions being never known wherever it is ufed for food, as it is by many on the coafts of BarZar y. CERVUS 1. Cornibus ramofis teretibus incurvis. L, $, Ya The red D | Cervus cornibus ramofis teretibus incurvis. Hill. Hift, Tab, 28. TAS Thefe animals are frequently carried to famaica from North America, and kept by many gentlemen in convenient inclofures; but they do not thrive well in that ifland, CAPRA 1. Cornibus carinatis arcuatis. L.S. N. 'The Nanny-goat. Capra cornibus erelis uncinatis. Thefe are not, either of them, natives of Yamaica ; but the latter is often imported thither from the main, and Rudee-ifland; and the other from many parts of Europe. The milk of thefe animals is very pleafant in all thofe warm countries, for it lofes that rancid tafle which it naturally has in Europe, A kid is generally thought as good, if not better than a lamb, and frequently ferved upat the tables of every rank of people, CAPRA 2. Cornibus erectis uncinatis, pedibus longioribus. & i 4 N. $ [ The Rupi-goat. CAPRA 3. re te Med in dorfum reclinatis. 1 mE E PI This fpecies feems to be a baftard fort of the Ibex-goat; it is the moft. common kind in Jamaica, and efteemed the beft by moft people. It was firft introduced there by the Spaniards, and feems now naturalized in thefe parts. OVIS 1. Cornibus compreffis lunatis. L.S. N. The Sheep. Thefe animals have been doubtlefs bred in Yamaica ever fince the time of the Spaniards, and thrive very well in every quarter of the ifland ; but they are gene- rally very {mall A fheep, carried from a cold climate to any of thofe fultry re- gions, foon alters its appearance; for, in a year of two, inftead of wool it puts out a coat of hair, like a goat, which may be probably owing to the opennefs of the pores, and the moifture with which the fkin is conítantly bedewed in thofe parts, BOS 1. Cornibus terctibus arcuatis. Bos cornibus teretibus flexis. L. S. N. ! The Bull and Cow. Thefe animals were firft carried. to Famaica, by the Spaniards: they thrive very well there, and may be feen wild in moft of the woody parts of the country. : They O Fi1'J A MAA T CUAT H T ity They are bred there, as in all other parts. of. the world, for. the ufe of the. table; but they ferve alfo to cart the fugars from the plantations to the ftores and fhipping- places; and draw fometimes in the mill, whére the ox; bull; and cow, are broucht indifcriminately to labour for the {tated Ae The ox drawe alío, and the kindeft of all animals, in the.plough, thé uf€ of which they have BE fate found to anfwer well in many parts of that ifland. C Cows. milk is.generally very thin in thofe parts of the dó ud taftes fre- quently rancid, efpecially when they feed in the lower lands, where the acacia and the. Guinea-hen-weed grow in plenty. The hides of thefe animals are feldom dreffed in Jamaica, though the country abounds with fine tanning barks; but they are often cut up into large thongs, which they twift in the form of whips, and fell in the public markets. Thefe are the principal inftruments of correction ufed among the negroes, and the. enfigns of their overfeers, VHS a Sie Seles A, Of the Anthropomorphits, or fucb as partake more. or Y ^95. of Lec cdi f'ape and difpofitien. p^» 1. Crinitus, palmis tridaGylis, unguibus arcuatis longiffimts, Bradypus manibus iridati caudá brevi. L.S. N. The Sloath. Ignavus Barr. & Ai Pij. ^, it ^d ied This creature, which isa native of the main continent, is fometimes brought to ya- maica by the curious; but it is not common even in its native country. All its motions are very flothful, from whence its name; and when it is inclined to fleep, it climbs into fome neighbouring tree, faftens the fore feet to one of the limbs, and lets the body hang down during the hours of reft, | SIMIA "C « fua m major, fe prins a The t ERR MS vit “SIMIA 2. Fufta major, palmis tetradactylis, caudé præ- } The four-Sagered benfili ad apicem fubtus nudá. Monk keys; This creature has no more than four fingers to each of its fore-paws; but “the top of the tail is fmooth underneath, and on this it depends for its chief actions; for the creature holds every thing by i it, and flings itfelf with the greateft eáfe from every tree and poft, by its means: but, in every other refpect; it agrees with mon- keys in general. It is, like the foregoing, a native of the main’ continent, and a part of the food of the Indians. . SIMIA 3. Minor fubfufco-mifcella, ventre. » albide, qst Y apicem nudå. | The Titice. This creature is very {mal}, though much Faris than the: Tofiowiliis the back and tail is of a clouded brown colour, and the belly whitith:) The head is bare about the ears and eyes; but es E gras ina narrow flip down the forc SIMIA 4. Minima, capite albida, dorfo fi jio pon? rufe- | Jeenti, caudá crinitá. i The Sphte -winher, This, like the foregoing fpecies, is a. native of the continent, and often Fore to Famaica by the curious; but RH are very tender and fedan po long there. 6K z HOMO 40 THE NATURAL HISTORY HOMO (a) 1. Afiaticus, fufcus, crinibus retis. HOMO 2. Africanus, niger, crinibus crifpis. HOMO 4. Americanus, fulvus, crinibus reéits. HOMO 4. Europeus, la£feus, crinibus variis. The Indian. The African, or Negro, The American. The European. (2) Animal eff rationale-mechanicum, fiupenda flru£ure, anima immortali preditum $S millenis cala- mitatibus fubjecium. I would willingly have added the Three Differtations I propofed to publith with this work ; but as it has already fwelled to the limits I defigned, and that the fea- fon is too far advanced to finifh the whole this year, I determined to publith the Civil and Natural Hiftory alone; leaving thofe, with another on Worm-fevers, Gc. which will make a {mall volume in 8vo, to be printed the enfuing feafon. mos ee AGE vii. Ce, for Linneusr. Linn P. 18. 1. 37. dele chiefly and I. 3 or and thefe r. which P. 26 and 27. for urzi? read urget. P. 74... 5. add Tab. 40. f. A. P. iia E. Sor ftile and filu, r. xum and //j/u5. P. 119. 1. 28. for femineo r. fem P. 139 and 152. for Alcine r. Alfin ne. P. 164. 1. s for wa Me read Port: Maria. P. 165. 1. 26. for bak ates z 166. Had BÜTTN P. 259. read GALEOPSIS. A To tee EN read uo Wm P. se fr LEA ree 4C RITONIA. P. 34.1. 11 ere cad P. a l 10. read the bini Cocoon. P. 421,1. 19. and 424. 1. sik far tab 47 & 44. r.t. 4T. P. 430 & 431. r. — P. 433 np: fer T.r 3 P. 438. P GRILLUS read GRYLLUS. P. 460. read AMPHISB SB/ENA P. 439. read APPENDIGAS FER. . 462. 1l. 12. for Ífwallowed read fwallows, LN} Deed X CACIA — — p251 Amia — asi 442 Acalypha -— — 346 Amianthus — sao 1 46. 6x Acantharis — 434 Ammannia — <= 145.148 Acarus — — 418 Amomum — ES 119 Acetabulum — = 74 Amoniacum i ois 38 Achates — — 48 =m 372 Balíams, she y yellow and fea- fide 347 Boneeto — == 451 exported e 17 Bontia e — 263 Balfam Tree — — =- 236. Booby ——— —2 gı d Banana-birds — -— 477 Borers ms — 429.431 Banana-trees 36g Borrage 150 Banifteria | — -l 231 dBorrago = ibid. | Cabbage Trees aes. Borex . — yn 38 ride —À — 225 OS. ——— Y » 458 -— Tar — — ..gg Bottlenofe | a — 459 Barbilus — — 216 Brabila — — 370 Bariftus — — 475 Bradypus ae — 489 Bark Trees | ——— — 244—5 Brain-ftones — — 392 Barnacles — —- 416 Brafiletto — — 2297 ME ous — . 260 —-— — — exported from Jamaica 17 Baftard Bryony — — 147 Brafia — — 273 w Cabbage — — 368 Bread-nuts s — 372 ——— Cedar — 260 Bream — — ^. 4456 — — Germander == 261 Breynia — 246 — Greenheart — — 239 Brimfítoe — oni NO Mb Oo — 287 Briza AS Pu 135 Au Nine wan vo 227 Broad-leaf — — 255 Saffron — — 314 Bremeliz -— -— 00 192 Batchelors Buttons ^ — | 184 Broom-weed — — 147 Bat — — 486 Brown-jolly — — 173 Batis =. E 356 Bruchus — — 435 Bauhinia |^ — — 286 Brya — ~- 299 Baum — 260 Bryonia =~ — 147. 255 Bay-berry tres — — — 247 Bryony de; — ibid. ns — — 294 Bucardium RS oet 415 ar — -—— 485 Buccinum — 404. Beef-wood — — — 2 a Buceros — (i map 1S6 2 F Bees — s: — ..438 Budleia — m 144. Beet — o I84. Bugs e 434 - ` Bermudiana mm “a 387; Bullion exported from Jamaica ^ oe. 17 Bersardig. = „~ 361 Bully-tree il — 207 Beroe — . — a4. CuPBWeam — —= 54.320 Beta — — 184 Buprefis ^ ——— - 421 Beureria — — 168 Bur-bark rni ie 233 I ; Burn- Iz; Ns; Do E..X. - zt i 493 Burn-weed "eh D 167. Centapie a: e 426 Butterflies —— ate 427. Cerambex m Pio, 430 Buttneria — — 166 Ceratee oi dais 253 Button-wood — — i159 Ceratopbyllum — — 345 Byflus — ing 29 Cervus diis — 488 Cefirum ciat hak 173 CABBAGE ~~ ie 273. Chetodon wis ini 454 Cabbage trees ond 342 Chalk in: - 50 Cacao, or Chocolate t trees, Cor. 306 Chama Ak at 413 Cacus — 237 Chameleon — am 464. Cajalpinia — — 227. Chamerops 330 Calabath trees iis Vet 265 Chancellor, and nets of C hancery 5 Calaloe —— 174. 232. 340 Chardoon Tu 314 Calapaver —— — 451 Charter of Sebi: &c. ids 5 Calevances == sina 291 Charges attending the ships Sa 17 Calcitarium t em 52.65 Chenopodium -— 184 Calendula SES cosh 322 Cherry and Chiteere. ES 230 Callimus mint -M 53 China-root — eo 359 Calophyllum -— —— 245 Chinefe-Rofe — edd 256 Camelus —— — 488 Chiococca — icis 164 Camel adis ibid. Chitraculia i bti 239 Cameraria —— - 182 Chloroxylum — PEE. 187 Campanula — — 166 Chocho’s sin iii 355 Cancer — 420 Chocolate trees 307 Candlewood — — 208 T yore from Jamaica 17 Canella ———— —— 275 Chry bryfobalanus 228. 250 Canis —— 486 Chryfocoma d. p4 316 Canker-berries — — 174 Chryfophyllum — we 171 Canna £9 Cagacorus — — => 113 Chriftmas Gambol RE. 154 Capra inii — 488 — Pride — d 267 Capraria — _— 268 Cibeta — FE 416 Capficum — i 176 Cicada faci zai 424 Caraguata ~~ — 193 Cichorium — "nd 310 Cardinals — — 467 Cimex , P. 424 Cardio/permum pan Le BB Saecular Courts -— E 10 Carduus . aey Pe TARR e os BEP C Cardoon eid — E : 4 Cil bareylum T EE LA T Carex — —, 335 Citrus oe aii "208 Caric ——— —— 360 Cladium - Pie 114 Carrots — — 186 Tae oo oW" 18 Carrion-Crows — e 471 Clavar H 79 Cartbainus m n 314 Clay and = Sitiflanced 35. 47. 6I Caryophyllus = — —..247 Ciemati — — 255 Cafava, or Caffader ^ ——— 349 Chemie” — Wt 273 | the wild — —. 348 Clerodendrum s ETTI 262 Cafcade of St. 4un’s — 26 Cletria — "i. 78 -Cafhew trees E —- 226 es. — -— 259 Coffia Si den, 222 — a 386 Caffida ie — 431 ruri x 298 Caffis e — 407 Clove- gilliflowers — w^ TAS Caftor — — 484 Cloven-berries — — 217 Cat... ou -— — 485 Clucking-hen — d 478 Cateþpea_ o oy 4 Clupea — €. 443 ehani Sal -— — 38 Clufa — — PES mnan — 148 Cnicus Sic, c 2 13 eir. the Barbadoes —— 158 Coals aai — 40 ——— the Bermudas — 862. Cobaltum PX “42 „Cedrela — — 158 Coccinella ti an eae Cedrus —— —- ibid. _Coccocipfilum gt? e TRA Celeri — — 186 Coccolobis —— = —— 29 Celofia "a mtm 179 Cocco nut trees — 341 Cenchris aas — 461 Cocco-plumbs —— — 20 Cenchrus ii ce Pee CX 494. rN“ DM E" X Cocco-roots. — — 332 Cray-fifh — = 424 Cochlea — ues 399 Crax — haa 4530 Cochlearia pores "—- 279 Crefcentia p T€ 265 @ocheneal eres oes 435 Crefles a E 267 Cock elite abus 470 Critonia = — 314. - Cockles == — 415 Crocodilus — == 461 Cock-roch — — 433 Cromis — d 449 Cock-fpurs — —— 358 Croffopetatum -= — 145 Cocoons | == —— 362.2373 Croton — — 346 —— ——— 17. 161 Crotophagus jus dis 474. Cotlotapalus -— — rrr Crows -— — 473 oix ami 335 Crystallus aià — 25-47. 62 Collema P din 80 Cuculus mae - 476 Collococcus - € 167 Cütumber ; .4 — 124. 353 Coluber — site 461. Cucumis — — ibid Columba — ee 468 Cucurbita ies — 354 Columbus ^. — — 1 Cudweed cá — 318 Colymbus ^ | — A 480 Culex == a 427 Cominia ` — — 205 Cupania — — 178 Commelina — an, 125 Cuphea — -- 216 Comecladia ~ caine —. 124 Cuprum = 43. 58 Conchilium = — Ras 408 Clics Ben T on — 470 Coney — — 484 Curculio ` — 429 - Conferva — — 79 Cufcuta -— 149 Conoas -— = 277 Cuftard apples | -— — 256 Conocarpus — — 159 Cyathia — 98 ontra- Yerva — — 329 Cyatboides — — Zid. ————— of Herz. — 328 Cygnus — — 480 Conques — —_ 408 Cynara — — 314. Convolvulus — acis 152 Cynomorum — -— 334. Conyza ni — 318 Cyperus —— NES 127 Coots comme o Oeo - — 410 Copper and Copper Ores 35: 43-58 Cyprinus — — 442 Coracinus — 448 Oytifus — — 296 Corallium - — 390 Corals and Coralines — — 390 DAB-CHICKS Re mmt. eS Coral-bean tree = — 288 Dalea - — 19:999 Corallina — -— 72.75 Darienthrown up — T 8 Coratoe atte — igo este trees SS ws -344. Corchorus — — HD pare, -— 167 or dia — 202 Daucus — — 186 Coreopfis — me 321 Deer — ao 488 Corephium -— == 393 Delphinus — — 45 Coreta = — 147. Dentalium ~~ - E ‘Cork-wood S 5. um ZA 429 Cornu- Ammonis — n Sats a) ‘Corvu — E c" Aa Latis 17 Corvlus — s "i 228 Corypha ^ —— — sing ET. 86 Coryphana e — cs 35 Cotton and Cotton trees — pem 79 Cotton-flies ae = 454 Council of linee what = El 207 : Courts. báron s EC 486 = of in li d ETT m — lanis — "406 C SE e — — 44g Cw itch —_ TER T 468 -Cowhage — 475 am er exported fi from Jancica 17 Crab-catchérs - = 480 Crateva m t Duck- E eee Te a ee m T ENS IXNa Da Ev Xa 495 Duck-weeds.. — — — 332. Flounders -— — 445 Dumb Canes — P 33r Flowers of fulphur, the native 40 Dutchman's Laudanum —— 328 Flying-fifhes — — 442, Dytifeus -— 432 Faniculum 18. Fogs, thofe meng Sixteen erus 27 EAR-SHELLS 398 Forficula -——— —— 433 Earth and Earthy 9BbRaacis ir 35.69 Formica — 439 Earthquakes, that of 1692 — 5 7 Four-a-clock iowen ———— 166 HbOny — -— 209 Fowls inp. vi 470 Ecaptaphyllum — SAR ibid. Fragaria — Dis 242 Echeneis -— vá 443 Free ftones — — 52 Echinus — - 393 French Oak — SN 264 Echites — Ea 182 Honcyfuckle dag 300 Eels s — 44 Marygolds — — $19 Ebretia l — r68 Fringilla — "i 467 Elater — T 432 ucus un in 71 Elephantopus- — — — 311 Fulica — — 479 Lliétrum —- — 4o Fungus -— — 77 Ellipta ‘na "T 425 Fuftick — MESS 17. 339 Ellifia — 262 Elutheria — — 369 GALACTIA | — "S 298 Emerita dion — 425 Galapee, or Angelica tree — 189 Epidendrum — — 326 Galega — id 289 Equifetum - d dii 108 Galeopfis — FN 259 Equus — —- 487 Galera — — 485 Eriphia — — 2*0 Galimeta sn Bd 2OI Eritholis — — 365 Gallus — 5 _— -470 Eryngium dis ~ 185 Gally-worms ime —. 426 ryngo — — tbi Gar-fith — — 443 Erythrina == — 288 -Garlick — -— 196 Erythroxylum — tis 278 Garick-pear trees = — 235 Efchalots — — 196 -Genip trees ~= — 210 Ox — — 443 Gerafcanthus — — 170 Eüpatorium a iil eee 312 Ge gueria —— a il 261 En i OA — 11544) e, "n bium o di Te — | 362 s Buphrafia —— Aor aes. aa ne — — 5 119 - Exocetus- exported from Jamaica pT- 64d ‘Explications of die figures of the: plants 37 ; —— as ME methods of pre- =; “Exports of Jamaica computed: — referving it. --—— 120 more certainly computed t Glanber’ s Salt — e 38 , the-value of them computed = 17 Glecoma = — — 425 Eycbrigh t 260 Glycine — - 297 Glycymeris | — ANI FAL CO — — 471 Gmapbahum | — 11h 2B Pafciola — -— 383 Goats .— — ....,.488 Felis bp — 485 eee re | m iae 289 Fennel -— 186 Gold as zu S m! Ferns and Fert trees = UO 86 : Goldy- Locks mg — 86 Ferrum C wind 43 QGomphrenà `; — Dd 184 Fevillea M a [oak 373 .Goofle-berries -— xu 9, 7 Ficus — - 109 .Goofe c oy 48 Ficus Shrine is breed ze 9 ELL "Goníe-Far- — a — sie M4. Fiddlewood : =» s 3i pss — 6s eGordius as L — ai “Figs, how curedo ———— sirr! — “tög . Gofipium — A rats Fig-trees, &c, bam =.‘ gbid. - Governors of — their ges. 5 -Fig-fhells — — 7-406 -Gourds — EU 54. Fire- flies — — licor Grain-ftones - (50 Fitt-weed = — 9 185 - Gramen I n 8. 134, 5, 6. » Os LA 366, 7 Flamingo AS Lae 480 , Grampus E : 459 Flea-bane — — 318 | Granadilla. m e ot 327 Flies EM — 426 . Grape-trees — T dio Flint a Em Grape-vines — — 1 T eit s mu 496 I Gravel — 53 Green-heart -€ =< 187 rewia — — 371 Grooper = == 448 Grotto, that of S7, Ann’s SET 27 Ground-Ivy ita TA 253 Ground-nuts cale EN 295 Groundfel dus uà 320 Grunts — -— 447. 449 Guajac um od n 225 Guava's ones E 258 Guidonia — Per 2 49 Guilandia — NN 228 Guinea Corn Wy i. 135 Grafs NES bn 366 Fox e coms 48 5 vete — — = 487 — —— Hens — — 470 Hen-weed — a tgo Worms = — 381 Gulls — — ~ 481 Gum-tree — — 338 Gymnogafter aam - 444. Gypfum e — 46 eee ee ——— 221 Halbert- weed d 315 Halcriptium — — 38. 56 Halefia $ — Á 205 PENIS cad — 206 Hammonia ~ din ate Ginggy Hart’s-tongue — eee eae Hafel-tree on = 346 Hawks — dde 47 I Hawk-weed ima à 311 Hedyfaram a ae 300 Helifteres iia, E 330 Heliotropium satin bu 150 Helmets — — 407 Helops ON s 445 Hemionitis ~ -— acm 95 Hemp-Agrimony — — mr acuis, the yellow = — 7189 se cec See Oe Hernandia E —— Herniaria CN 184 feus 284 wees Bp from rom Jamaica — Baer ary R x Hilly lands their nan nature and foi. i Hippo ‘Hirtella ~ Miet. ` LH Hirudo es Hogs oN Hog-fith ^" linis — gum dis E EM —— plumbs - ru Holcus — Bu Holocentrus me Cd eum — — N SDGIB X. Homo 489 Hone. See $ Seb iftus Honey-fuckle — 327 the Fraich — 300 Horfes — — 487 Horfe-radifh — 272 Howard, Earl of Garli ?, Governor 5 Humming-birds -— — 475 Hydrargirium. — — 44. Hydrocotyle = — 185' Hymenea ome — 225 Hipelate — -— 208 FH yl rix — —— 48 7 JACK-IN-A-BOX — amen io 99 Jago-de-la-vega — T 2 Falappa 166 2 its ituaton, extent, long. and lati ———- the ff difcovery of —- 2 conquered by the Spatignddce 7 and invaded by Sir dat. Shirly . ab. invaded by Col. Jackfon ipid. conquered by the Anglo = 3 e its piratical ftate .— — 4 invaded by the Frewh —— ..8 Jamaica ae — —3::229 gafminum — h 173 Jafmin. See Joffimine atropba — 348 Ichthyomethia — — 296 Jerufalem-thorn — — 222 uiae, the Arabian | —. — 155 —the American — — — 155 ——-——— the dwarf — — 05K ES: — the French . — — 183 — the ee -= — ES Jeffamine tree — 181 — the wild — — i) 0142 Jett — — 40 ew- | ~~ 448 Jews-pitch —— S ^40 Impatiens -— 322 Imports, what they are in generali RC and whence — i 9.20 ———— the value of them computed :331 at a medium 204 21 Indian-arrow root — — 12 — OG - - 257 kale — — 332 ——— — fhot -— 113 Indigo, its culture and manufa&ure «30 —— —— furnifhes a confiderable articles in the exports of famaica T Indigo-berry x * os. ns Indigofera oi icu io 920 Ink-fifh — aig 86 -ena the b we baltard — 183 Ipomea = 455 Trefine me — 358 E: Ni DG EAX: 407 Iron-wood m — 278 Lobelia EN «iM 322 Irfiola EPA vinta; 147 Loblolly-woods -— 177 Ifnardia one — 148 Lobfters ie ind 424 etl — we 246 Loc ufts — enl. 434 ulus — — 426 Locus trees — TT 221 Juniperus — — 362 Locus-berry trees —— 230 Fujlicia — — 118 Logge theads — 475 | 4 ogwood, its virtues and ufes, de 17. 221 KERATOPHITON — 75 Lonchitis mk Tum 89 Kidney-beans — — 291 Lopbius e. "e 457 King-fifhes 445.452 Lotus -— 300 ren. its fituation and pen. 7,8 Lotus Ægyptia — 243 Klein ~~ — 316 Love-apples — — 174. Knoxia —— — 140 Loufe 417 Low anda, the he foil and nature of them 411 LACE-BARK — ham ci gk Low 467 Lacerta ——— — 462 prom — no 429 Laétuca — — 310 Lumbricus — — 382 Lady-flies — — 437 Lycium =- 177 Lagetto — -— 371 Lycoperdon - AE 78 Lance- woo 177 Lycoperficum —— e 175 Lands, the different 6 forts of, in Jamaica 11 Lycopodium — dieses 84 ow many acres already patented 12 diui m 2i 50. 62 Lantana ncn 268 L agifhum — o~—a 142 — — -— 311 Lynch Coll. — pie ; — — 481 poco dula pu 258 MACACCA'S — — 229 La-Vega ‘irl fettled — — 2 Macarels, the Spanifh — 452 rus — — 213 Mace, that of Jamaica —— 6 Lead — — 43 57 Mackaws — aum 472 Leeches — — 383 Mackaw-trees se — 344 eeks — — 196 Macrocuemum c ==.) he Lemma — — 85 Macrocepbalus — — 450 Lemna == i — 232. Mara. . -= — 416 Lemons -— — 300 Madrepora — — 391 n -— 85 Mahagony — — 17. 158 Lenticula —— = — 72 Maids — side 459 Leontodon | — — 310 Maiden-hair ony TK 87 Lepidium l — 272 plumbs | — — 124,187 Lepiota — — 77 Maize — —] 333 Lepus En — 484. Mallows — -— 282 Lernea — — 387 Malpigia E: a. BAO Lettuce — omen 310 Malva — ings. 292 Libellula n — 437 Mammea him Fut 249 ‘chen vile -m 8 ammee —— — ibid, Licca-tree — — . 207 Mammee-fapote — |. | == 201I Licina — — 401 inatees — P 459 Ligea 3 Mangeneel — m 351 Higeum-yues, its "od aed ufes 226 —— ——- the baftard ipie 182 he S, bafta forts 179.287 Mangle —— — 159. 21K Lilies — 195 Mangrove-trees iai 159.211 Limax ám oit, 388 Man-of-war bird Aet cdd 483 Limes -— — 308 the Portuguefe — 386 Lime-ftones ome — 52 Mantis ——— — 433 Limpets — c — 397 Marantba et d pd Lingua-cervina — — ORT SE SS — xd 51. bg- ifanibius |. ^ — 157 Marcantia — ;, —o595585 Lithantrax TT quep s -40 Mar chafites — a e L 0:35. 42 Littleton, Sir Charles — 6 Marcgravia : =n 1 1-044 tuus Piero — 398. Marga € Margas 25. 42. 46. 50. 64 Làver-worth. — — 85 Margaritifera L^ e 3412 Lizards -— — 462. Magorum ^ ==. — 260 re 6M Marl A -wm - ixN-DBdmE:YX. 498 Mar! and Mas fubftances 35.46. 64 Murena — — 444 Marmor 61.65 Muria — cam 37- 55 . Marrow-pudding 383 Mus -— — 484 Marfhal, the Provolt’s Office — 6 Mufa -— v 363 Marfhmallow — -= 279 Mujea — aae 426, 7 Marfilea —— -- 85 Mufcles one — 411 Marygolds — — 322 Mufcus -= aa 79 Mecbuacanna — — 183 Mufhrooms — CUT 77 edufa — E 385 Mufkeetoes — = 427 Melanium oi -~ 215 Mufk-Melons ont ia 352 Melafioma — — 219 —— -Okro = v 285 Meleagris -— — 4.70 - Wood == -— 369 Melicoccus — — . 2:0 Muftard — — 272 Meliffa — 260 Muftela aa — 4.86 Mellila wee — 2 Mycedium — = 392 Jelo =- — 353 Myrobalanus — — 229 Melochia — — 276 Mwwfiipbyllum — — 152 Melongena — — 173 Melotria e — 124 NAMA — — 185 Menianthes — ~= 151 Napbta — =e 29 Menidia — — 441. Natrum — === 38 Menow-weed = — — 268 Neanthe -= — 289 Mentba — — 258 Nerita ==- 398 Menzelia E — 249 Negroes, the number of, in Sanigità 24 Mercury os — 44 how many imported annually - Merops ed -= 476 there, at a ien — 20 Mefo/pherum — — 257 —— — fome exported yearl 7 Metallic fubftances $657 their economy and method of Method of clafling native foffils 35 living — — oo e Metopium -— 177 Nepeta — 258 ica — —— 46.60 Nereis hoai si 395 Milk-wood -— — 369 Nerium a —— 180 Miilepora — — 389 Nette 336 Mind —- — 251 Nicarago exported from Jem yearly 17 Mint — — 258 the baftar — 227 Mirabilis sssi — 166 Nickars it -— 228 Mifletoe — — 197.355 Nicotiana -== — 167 Mitulus —— — 411 Nightingales — — 469 Mnium -— — 83 Nila-barudena | — — 173 Mcohoe bark and trees 284 Nia-panza ~ =. EN 94. Molaffes exported, its quantity and Nipple-worth — — iid, value : — 16 Nifberry trees — -— 200 Molugo — — 139 Nifberry Bully-tree -~ — 208 Mombin — -— 229 Noedd — — 48x Momordica — — . 353 Notenecía — — 435 Moniera e — 269 Nyciantes — — ad ro Monkeys — -489 Nymphea = ~ 243 Morgan, Sir Henry, &c. Toro 5 | T Morinda 159 OCYMUM — — 260 Mormyra t. satis 446 Oenothera z= 208 Morus. — 339 Offices, thofe of Samaa — 67 Mofies | . — Oil-nut trees, — — 7350 Motacilla AES 45A 468 Okro e 285 oth -= — 425 Loin oe — 146 Mountain C = 4465 bns NR 476 ————— Cock Se 46 GiS nia s beard — wei: 193 aee cond land, what- 11 Old-wife mh axe Muddeford, Sir Thomas; oy... 5 Old-woman's- bitter p.a bim 264. Mud-fifh == 450 Olea | Its Mugil “memes — vs abid. alee its is ouituss and growth ibid. Mullets dne - "ibid. Qlive-the ane 408 Muntingia -+ —— — 245 O ena xe —Á 2 Onions | Onions — — 196 Pelma 450 | Oniftus — — 426 Pen iad 1 Venti, the expeditio of 3 | Ononis — — 289 Pemnnari — 412 | OpBioelof]um — — ro8 Penny- Syd -= — 258 pofium — — 486 Penny-worth — — 185 E Opuntia ans — 237 Pentilafmus — — 416 ; Oranges — dunia 308 epper add Ad 121. 176 | Origanum — — 260 Pepper-grafs —— — 272 Oriolus — iat 476 Perta — m 471 Oriza "EI 203 Periclimenum — Jit) 125 Ornithogalum — — PIS 195 Perficaria un 212 Orpiment — — 41 Peruvian-bark exported -—— 17 Ortalans — =~ 408 Petefia -— 143 Ofmunda — — ^ x07 Petiveria one T 274 | Oftracion — — 456 Phaelipea — — 269 : Ojire — inm 411 Pbalena -— ‘hati 438 Ovis -— — 488 Pharus E wide 344 | Owls —— — 473 Phafeolus — anit 291 f Oxalis — — 231 A Philadelphus 240 | : Ox-eye S — 320 Pbloegifium Minerale & Bitumine var varia 39 TE Ox-eye bean — oe 295 Phlogiftic fubftances SS ie dd ibid. Oyfters — — AIT. 413 Phoenico pterus i a. 480 | ! Pholas — — 417 PALMA —— — 341 Phyllanthus Mia; dk 188 Palm-trees — — ibid. Pbhyllidoce a e 387 | Palmeto-Royal — — 190 Phyllitis — Fe 86 almeto a — 330 Phyfalis — ch 176 | Panama ranfacked — — 4 Phyfeter c — 459 | fhells — — 408 Phyfic-nuts me: ran 348 Pancratium —— — 194 Phytolacca dia ait 232 ) Panicum — — 133 Picus — — 474. Panorpa 436 Pigeons — — 468 1 Parifhes, à ft number of; in pu Pigeon- wood dint — ^ 368 | 95.7. Pimento -— — 17. 247 | ihe SürbEr eti now 9 Pine-apples — -— 192 | (——— the ftate of them before “the Pinguins — — . 193 | earthquake —— 7 Piper —— — 425 Parkinfonia | — — 442 ‘Piper — — 9 443 | Papaws e c: 360 Pifonia — — 258 | Papilio — — 437 Phe — — 39 r Paracuta ——— que 459 s: - 329 | Parrots — -> 472 Pis — — 294. Parrot-fifh — = 447; Pitterill — ~o 482 | y — —- 186 Pittonia = — — 164.170 | Parfnips ——— — i186 Placodium -— NN T. | Par fonfia = -— 199 Plagufia — P; 445 | Partbenium = — 340 Plantago mie 145 Paffiflora — — 327. Plantane trees == — 363 Paflinaca — — 196 Platina — — pv Patella — — . 397 Platifma ^ =m 7# fo ^ Patridges =i — 471 Pleuroneéfes 445 4 Patridge-fhell "—— — 406 Plumb.trees I 124: 1501. 17 177. 7 ai 250 Pavetta — — 142 Plumbago — Ta 933 Paulinia — — 212 Plumbum — = 4 3. 57 Pavo ser — 470 Plumeria — me BE Pea-birds. = — ibid. Pocillaria = Sigg c Pear-trees Sum — 241. Pointiana 225 Peaíe MES woe IE 294. Poifon-berries, the | blüe oA r1 Pebbles - : : i { À [ Y Y DLL ! : Soran ey AWE Y a j i W jh ip Va F. Garden ocup. LT | I | | | | i | i f ee | i 1 f E x 4 Sal. 20 : , i $ ji ja! / 2 \ M / Wy / f M / Uh / H ^ CZ D. Ehret» Deli 7755. +a a G.D. hret delin. 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