Ujnisl 6RVA Folio OF THE ORDER SCITAMINEA. CHIEFLY DRAWN FROM LIVING SPECIMENS IN THE BOTANIC GARDEN AT LIVERPOOL. Arranged according to the System of Fines, WITH DESCRIPTIONS AND OBSERVATIONS, BY WILLIAM ROSCOE, ESQ? ASSOCIATE OF THE FIRST CLASS OF THE ROYAL SOCIETY OF LITERATURE, CORRESPONDING MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL AND ROYAL ACADEMY DELLA CRUSCA, FELLOW OF THE LINNEHAN SOCIETIES OF LONDON AND PHILADELPHIA, MEMBER OF THE HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF NEW YORK, PRESIDENT OF THE LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETY OF LIVERPOOL, AND HONORARY MEMBER OF THE LITERARY AND PHILOSOPHICAL SOCIETIES OF MANCHESTER, BRISTOL, PLYMOUTH. &. . —_—. 30 fiom the root : Springs highter the green stn, from thence the leaves More ANY, HEAT the bright consummate flewer ioe S Serus elorous brutes, Flowers anil thew fiurls & § Mins nourishment, by gradual scale sublimid Len Lo animal | Lo vital SWIMS: ASNIC wy mlillertiial MILTON. & S iwerpoof, PRINTED BY GEORGE SMITH. GOD OF THE CHANGEFUL YEAR!—AMIDST THE GLOW OF STRENGTH AND BEAUTY AND TRANSCENDANT GRACE, WHICH ON THE MOUNTAIN HEIGHTS, OR DEEP BELOW IN SHELTERD VALES, AND EACH SEQUESTER’D PLACE, THY FORMS OF VEGETABLE LIFE ASSUME; —WHETHER THY PINES, WITH GIANT ARMS DISPLAYED, BRAVE THE COLD NORTH, OR WRAPT IN EASTERN GLOOM, THY TRACKLESS FORESTS SWEEP, A WORLD OF SHADE;— —OR WHETHER SCENTING OCEAN'S HEAVING BREAST, THY ODORIFEROUS ISLES INNUMEROUS RISE, OR UNDER VARIOUS LIGHTER FORMS IMPREST, OF FRUITS AND FLOWERS, THY WORKS DELIGHT OUR EYES i GOD OF ALL LIFE! WHATEER THOSE FORMS MAY BE, O MAY THEY ALL UNITE IN PRAISING THEE! INTRODUCTION. Since the publication of the new arrangement of Scitaminean Plants in the eighth volume of the Transactions of the Linnean Society, many valuable works on that subject have been given to the public, by which the knowledge of this interesting tribe has been greatly extended, some new genera have been established, and considerable additions made to the species. Among these publications are the last edition of the Hortus Kewensis; the Prodromus Flore Nove Hollandice by the learned circumnavigator, Mr. Robert Brown; the Description of several of the Monandrous Plants of India, by the late Dr. Roxburgh, in the eleventh volume of the Asiatic Researches, since considerably extended in his Flora Indica, now publishing by Dr. Carey of Serampore, and Dr. Wallich of the Botanic Garden Calcutta; and the dissertations of the late lamented Sir James Edward Smith, P.L.S. in the New Cyclopedia of Dr. Rees. To these may be added the different periodical works which have since appeared in this and foreign countries; by which great light has been thrown on both the generic and specific distinctions of this tribe, and materials provided for supplying their defects and reducing them into more perfect order. In the Genera Plantarum of Linneus, edited by Reichard, the Scitaminean Plants consist of eight genera only, viz—1 Canna, 2 Amomum, 3 Costus, 4 Alpinia, 5 Maranta, 6 Curcuma, 7 Kempferia, and 8 Thalia, all of which are now fully established and recognized. Jussieu (Gen. Pl. Ed. Uster. Turici, Helvet. 1791) added to these four other genera, viz. 1 Catimbium, 2 Globba, 3 Myrosma, (ex Lin. Supp.) 4 Hedychium; of these Catimbium is the fine plant formerly called Renealmia Nutans, since ascertained to be an Alpinia—Myrosma, so long considered as a well-established genus, but shown in the present work to be a species of Phrynium. Hedychium and Globba, also retained in our present arrangement, although the name of Globba is perhaps applied to a different genus from that acended by Jussieu. ; To the foregoing genera, Gmelin in his Systema Nature, Leipsic 1791, added four others, viz.— 1 Renealmia, 2 Philydrum, 3 Spheerocarpus, and 4 Tsiana; of these the first is founded on a different plant from that before noticed, and will be found inserted in the present work; the second is justly considered by Mr. Brown as belonging to a different class, and is therefore omitted in the present arrangement; the third (Spherocarpus) is the Hura Siamensium of Koenig (Retz. Ob. Bot. fas. iii. p. 49) which has since been described under the name of Globba Hura by Dr. Roxburgh, Asiat. Res. xi. 359, and under that of Globba Versicolor by Sir J. EK. Smith in Exot. Bot. vol. 2, tab. 117, and the fourth (Tstana Speciosa) is the Costus Speciosus of Linnzeus. In the edition of the Sp. Plantarum by Willdenow (Berol. 1797) we find three additions made to the genera of Scitaminew before established, viz. 1 Hellenia, 2 Hornstedtia, 3 Phrynium; of these the genus Hellenia, according to Willdenow, comprehends four species, all of which are founded on the descriptions of Retzius from the discoveries of Koenig; the first, denominated by Retzius AHeriticria Allughas, was included in my former arrangement, under the name of Alpinia Allughas, and is cited as such by _ Dr. Roxburgh, Asiat. Res. xi. 353, who has confirmed the doubtful reference there made to Van Rheede, Hort. Mal. xi. 14, under which name a figure of it will be found in the present work. The three other species Hellenta Alba (Languas vulgare of Konig, Retz. Mon. 64. Heritieria Alba of Retzius, Obs. vi. 18,) Hellenia Chinensis (Languas Chinensis Keenig, Retz. Monan. 65; Heritieria Chinensis, Retz. Obs. vi. 18) and Retz. Mon. 67. Id. Obs. Bot. vi. 18) are the Alpinia Alba, Hellenia Aquatica (Languas Aquatica Keenig, t, of which no further account has yet been obtained. A. Chinensis and A. Aquatica of my former arrangemen It appears then that the genus Hellenia of Willdenow (the Languas and Heritiera of Keenig and Retzius) is absorbed in that of Alpinia; but a distinctive character has since been observed by Mr. Brown, which he conceives to be sufficient to separate some of the plants of which it is composed from Alpinia, and to establish them as a distinct genus. This character depends chiefly on the filament being extended somewhat beyond the anther, whilst in the genus Alpinia, the anther is always terminal (Brown Prod. Pl. Nov. Holl. vol. 1, p. 307.) The suggestion of Mr. Brown has been adopted by Sir J. E. Smith under the article Hellenia in Rees’s New Cyclopedia, where the grounds of this alteration are fully given. Only — two species are -there included, viz. the H. Allughas of Retzius, figured also by Edwards, and the H. Cerulea of Brown, Prod. 308, of which I conceive the latter only to be an Hellenia; a doubt is expressed by Mr. Brown whether the Alpinia Alba, A. Chinensis and A. Aquatica of Retzius and Willdenow may not also be referred to this genus. The Hornstedtia of Willdenow is a genus founded upon two plants described by Retzius (Obs. Mon. 68, 69) under the names of Amomum Scyphyferwn and A. Leonurus. Of these plants Retzius observes he has found no figures in Rumphius, Van Rheede, or Plukenet, but from his descriptions it appears that the inflorescence is radical in an imbricated spike, and that in both of them the anther is crowned by a membranous projection, viz. 1, Apice Membrana rotundata colorata, nuda, coronata. 2, Anthera, ad apicem, Membrana bifida, erecta coronata. This agrees so nearly with the character cf Amomum, which has the filament with a lobed crest above the anther, that Gmelin has referred them to that genus; where they may be allowed to remain; at least until we can obtain a sight of the living plants. In the Syst. Veg. of Roemer and Schultz (Stutgard 1817) three new genera of Scitaminean Plants are introduced, viz. 1 Peronia, 2 Ceratanthera, and 3 Roscoea, the first of these is the Thalia Dealbata, the second Globha Marantina, both of which are figured in the present work, and the third is the genus named by Sir James Edward Smith in his Ewotie Botany published in 1805, in honour of the Author of the present work. The genus Renealmia as inserted in the edition of the system of Linnzeus by Willdenow was first proposed by Linnzus, but the plant was afterwards considered as an Alpinia, as before stated, and given under the name of Alpinia Exaltata in Rees’s Cyclopedia, and other works, Further inquiry and repeated examinations of the actual specimens have however shown not only that the idea of Linnaeus was correct, but that the genus Renealmia includes also several other plants of great importance, as well in the eastern as western hemisphere, amongst’ which is probably the celebrated Cardamom plant, the Eletari of the Hort. Malabar. which Dr. Maton had already in his observations in Trans. Lin. Soc. vol. x. p- 250, demonstrated could not be an Alpinia, and had proposed to establish as a new genus by the name of Elettaria, a name which has been adopted by several Botanists, and particularly by Roemer and Schultz in their. editiontofatha Systema Nature of Linneus. But the name of Elettaria being of Indian origin, and characterising only the individual plant, I had intended to propose to exchange it for that of Matonia, in honone of my highly respected friend Dr. Maton, one of the Vice Presidents of the Linnean Society; but more recent discomorics having shown me that this plant, as well as_ several others of great beauty and importance in both the Hast and West Indies are species of Renraumia, I find myself compelled to arrange it under that name, and consequently that it cannot be considered as constituting a new genus. Several singular plants found on the Continent of ‘America and in the West Indian Islands belonging to the section of Canne, which had been discovered and figured by Plumier andicont eo thith > some of which were recognized and published a century afterwards by Jacquin in his Fragmenta, have long remained the opprobrium botanicorum, till Dr. Meyer perceiving that they formed a different genus from Maranta proposed, in his Flora Essequibonensis, to erect them into a new one by the name of Calathea; omitting to refer them to the genus Phrynium of Willdenow, to which they doubtless belong. This proposition has been adopted by Professor Sprengel in his Syst. Veg. Gottingen, 1825, and other writers. Circumstances have however occurred, which have brought several of these plants under my particular observation, and I am decidedly of opinion that, for reasons which will be fully detailed in the course of the present work, they are all properly included in the genus Phrynium, from which it is indeed impossible to separate them without altogether abolishing that genus.* Thus it appears that the genera of Catimbium, Myrosma, Philydrum, Spherocarpus, Hornstedtia, Tsiana, feretiera, Peronia, Ceratanthera, and Calathea, proposed by different writers, are here either altogether omitted for want of sufficient information concerning them, or are included in other genera, whilst Hellenia, as now better defined and_ re-established by Mr. Brown, will separate a portion of the species from Alpinia, and form a. distinct genus. Scitamince, a term applied by Linneus, in his natural orders, to a tribe of plants distinguished by their agreeable, useful, or valuable qualities, is derived from the Latin Scitamentum, any thing of a pleasant or savoury taste. It is the eighth order in his Fragmenta, and consists of various productions useful in food, medicine, &c. or remarkable for their odoriferous properties. It is a very distinct and natural order of plants, and can scarcely be separated under any system of arrangement, whether natural or artificial. The roots are in general either annual or biennial, and penetrate deeply into the ground. They are either fibrous or bulbous, and frequently both; and in the bulbs their valuable properties for the most part reside. The stem rises erect, and in general supports the peduncle, but in many cases the inflorescence is radical, or rising immediately from the roots. The petioles are sheathing ; the leaves either promiscucus or bifarious ; but are invariably lanceolate, admitting under that denomination of a great diversity of form. The calyx is superior, tubular, generally with a trifid margin. Corolla monopetalous, with a double limb or border; exterior iimb in three sections—interior limb with a double lip; the upper one divided into two or three sections; the lower one large, entire or emarginate, usually called the nectary from its having been formerly supposed to perform that office, and being generally the most conspicuous and ornamental part of the plant. Anther either single or double—naked or with an appendage ; style single, either at liberty or supported by the double anther, long, slender, flexible, but very tenacious, generally accompanied at the base by two glandular pointed processes. Stigma, infundibuliform, ciliate; seed vessel three- valved, three-celled, seeds arilled. Tn a paper read before the Linnean Society in 1806, and printed in 1807, in their transactions, (vol. viii. p. 330) I divided the tribe of Scitaminean Plants into two sections, the Canne, and the Scitamineee * TI cannot but regret that the learned Editor of the Botanical Register has adopted the opinion of Dr. Meyer, and considered Calathea as a distinct genus from Phrynium ; in consequence of which he has in the 12th number of the Bot. Reg. p. 1200, given a list of 17 plants, which, as he says, “are probably referable to that genus;” several of which had previously been published by me (from dn actual examination of the specimens of the plants themselves, either living or preserved) in the present work, as species of Phrynium. This seems the more extraordinary as he had in Bot. Reg. No. 141, p. 1020, published November 1, 1826, undertaken in a future number “to explain the generic differences which exist between the South American Calatheas and the Asiatie Phryniums.” Yet in the 12th number of the new series above referred to, published 1s¢ November, 1829, he observes that “he had not yet been fortunate enough to procure sufficient materials to explain the generic differences between Calathea and Phrynium; and is therefore still obliged to defer a complete character of Culathea.” Some efforts afterwards made by the Editor, in the same article, to explain these differences, seem to me to have totally failed of success. 2 : double anther, and a proper; the former having a single anther, and a style at liberty, and the latter a a distinction which subsequent obser ed friend Mr. Robt. Brown, in his Prodromus Flore vations have confirmed, style supported between the lobes of the anther ; and which has also since been made by my learn Nove Hollandie, published in 1810; a circumstance which in ju to notice, as this distinction has been considered by many writers of the that if such is the fact, I was at the time stice to myself I have been here compelled present day, as originating with Mr. Brown, and followed by me; to which I can only add, . ; it; ise I should ha when my dissertation was published, and am still, perfectly unconscious of it; otherwise ve had great pleasure in attributing this discovery to its proper source. The processes or pointed germinal appendages (Corpuscula) referred to in the plants of the true Scitaminean tribe, and which are found in all the genera, except Costus, which in consequence of this defect is supplied with another apparatus, probably for the same purpose, at the summit of the style, have given rise to various opinions as to their purposes and use. Kcnig, who seems to have been the first that observed them, considered them as Nectaries, but this opinion is erroneous, as the nectary of the plants bearing these processes is generally placed in the faux of the corolla. Other authors, and in particular Mr. Brown, have considered these processes as sterile stamina, but we can scarcely admit that a peculiarity which is found to extend through so large a tribe of plants should be an imperfection, nor can there - be a doubt that they are perfect in their nature, and perform some important office in the economy of the plant, being deeply inserted in the germen and accompanying the style to the ovarium; so that they might rather be considered as imperfect styles, than as imperfect stamina. It is however, highly probable, that the function of these appendages is to facilitate the circulation of the impregnating fluid, conveyed through the fine capillary tube of the style to the interior of the germen, and that they contract or expand according to the degree of heat and moisture, or other circumstances; but on this subject further observation would be necessary before we positively decide. In a few instances, the place of these appendages, which are generally subulate, or in the form of hornlets, erect or diverging, acute or obtuse, is supplied by flat auriculated glands; as in some species of Alpinia, which may be taken as an additional proof that these parts are of some indispensable use in the economy of Scitaminean Plants. Mr. Brown, after noticing in his above-mentioned work my arrangement of Monandrian Plants in the eighth volume of the Linnean Transactions, has himself favoured us with some remarks on that subject, in which he has suggested other characteristics for separating the genera of Scitaminee than those to which I had referred. In particular, he conceives the inflorescence, or mode of flowering, to be, in many instances, a good generic distinction, such as indeed may alone be considered as constituting a difference of genus, as sufficiently appears from what he observes of the Cardamom plant, the Amomum Repens of Sonnerat, where he says, “This plant appears, from Sonnerat’s own specimens in the Banksian Herbarium, to be distinguished from Ipini ly by its inflor for whi rae 8 : Alpinia only by its inflorescence, for which cause, however, it was formerly separated, and not without reason, (nec immerito) by Adanson.” On this I have only to observe, that although I was at one time disposed to regard the inflorescence as a good generic distinction; yet after the experience of many years, and particularly . i since I undertook the present work, I have been led to consider it as marking only a specific difference ; ’ instances having of late years occurred, both in Zingiber and Costus, and even in Alpinia, from which it appears that the individuals of these genera produce their flowers both terminally, from the extremity of the leaf-bearing stem, and radically or immediately from the root upon a proper scape, in addition to which I have seen in Costus, the same individual plant produce its flowers both terminally and radically, sufficiently shows that the inflorescence is not to be relied on for generic distinctions, which are only to be found e-mentioned remarks of Mr. into English by Mr. Lindley, the present Editor of the Bot. Reg. a circumstance which in the immediate organs of fructification. The aboy B h rown have been translated and inserted in the 144th number of that work (v. p. 1037 reverse,) thereby, as we conceive, adopting his opinions, as to the characters to be resorted to in determining the genera of Scitiminee. I am sensible that I may be charged with presumption in thus opposing my opinion to that of Botanists of the first rank of the present day; but having devoted a considerable time to the study of this particular tribe of plants, and having had: an opportunity for nearly thirty years of examining the largest collection of them ever perhaps formed within the limits of Europe, I have ventured to lay before the public the result of my inquiries; without however presuming to compete with those distinguished individuals, who by the devotion of a greater portion of their lives to this study, and by their acknowledged talents have obtained a degree of knowledge on this subject commensurate with the magnitude of the science to which they have devoted themselves with such success. I cannot dismiss the present publication, the impression of which has been limited to 150 copies, without expressing my obligations for many favours conferred on me in the course of my work. Of the pleasure I should have had in performing this duty, I have, however, in one instance been deprived by the lamented death of that great promoter of true Botanical Science, and my ever esteemed and highly respected friend Sir James Edward Smith, President of the Linnean Society, with whom I have enjoyed many years of literary communion and unbroken friendship, the memory of which will never be effaced from my mind— an event which has occurred precisely at the period, when I should have had an opportunity of expressing in public my obligations to him, for his numerous and valuable suggestions to me in the course of my present undertaking, but which I am happy to reflect did not happen, till he had been enabled to terminate his great work of the English Flora, a work which has perfected the system of English Botany as_ far as present discoveries admit, and has, together with his other learned writings, conferred upon its Author a name and station which will remain pre-eminent as long as the science itself exists. For great assistance afforded me in the course of the present work, as well for specimens of various rare and curious plants, as for the information communicated to me in their highly valued and instructive correspondence, my grateful thanks are due to the Rev. Dr. Carey, of Serampore, and to Dr. N. Wallich, Superintendant of the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, joint Editors of the late Dr. Roxburgh’s Flora Indica. I have also to acknowledge my numerous obligations to Charles Stuart Parker, Esq. of Liverpool, who in an excursion to several of the West India Islands, and to the Tropical portion of the Continent of America in the year 1825, obtained many rare and valuable plants, several of which had been found and figured upwards of a century ago by Plumier, and some of which have since been published by the elder Jacquin in his Fragmenta, but without having been referred by him to their proper genera. The state and condition in which Mr. Parker has preserved these plants have enabled me, by his. assistance, and descriptions of them in a growing state, to give the accurate representation of them, which will be found in the following work. To the Right Honourable the Earl of Mountnorris, I am indebted for several drawings of coloured figures of Scitaminean Plants made from living specimens, some of which have not yet been introduced into this country, by native Artists at Lucnow, and obtained by his Lordship on his travels through India; for the use of which I have returned my more particular thanks to his Lordship in the course of my work. In like manner my acknowledgments are due to the Right Honourable Lord Stanley, now President of the Linnzean Society, whose collection of coloured drawings of exotic plants, both of the East and West Indies, contains several fine specimens of Scitamineze, some of - which, by his Lordship’s obliging permission, are given in the ensuing ~ work. My particular thanks are also due to Robert Barclay, Esq. of Bury Hill, to Wm. Jackson Hooker, LL.D. F.RS. &c. to Robert Graham, M.D. Professor of Botany, Edinburgh, to Robert Kaye Greville, LL.D. F.R.S. &c. for many favours conferred upon me, which I have more fully acknowledged on various occasions. In addition to these my thanks are also due, for obligations of different kinds conferred on me in the course of my work, to the Rev. James Yates. M.A. of London, Richard Harrison, Esq. of Aigburgh, 3 Thomas Stewart Traill, M.D. of Liverpool, and Joseph Walker, Esq. of Allerton. For some beautiful specimens bted to the accomplished pencil of of drawings from living plants in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, I am inde Miss Rebecca Miller, who in this department of the art has not often been rivalled. Jaw Mrs. Edward Roscoe, and in various degrees by Fletcher and Miss Mary Waln. It is with great acknowledgments to the Committee and And obligations of a similar kind have also been conferred upon me by my daughter-in her sister Mrs. James Dixon, by Miss Ellen Yates, Miss Emily pleasure I avail myself also of the present occasion to return my Proprietors of the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, for the accommodation which I have received at all times from their Institution. Nor must I omit to return my sincere thanks to Mr. John Shepherd, now for nearly thirty years the assiduous and skilful curator of that garden, and to Mr. Henry Shepherd, F.L.S. for their continual assistance and unremitting attention to me in my labours, which have rendered them a pleasure to myself, and will, I hope, entitle them to the favourable estimation of my friends. Lastly, I have to notice Mr. Thomas Allport, a meritorious young Artist, who by his commendable diligence has obtained a considerable degree of excellence in Botanical delineations, and finished from the living plants a great portion of the drawings for the following work, all of which have been engraved and coloured under the care and direction of Mr. George Graves, Jun. of Peckham. SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF GENERA. 1 Canna ...... Linneus 2 Maranta...Do. 3 Purynium... Willdenow anther single, style stigma triangular, seed single, irregular style recurved, style erect, club-shaped, stigma obtuse, seeds numerous, regular, globose unsupported. stigma simple, seeds three, oblong, angular tubular stigma orbicular ’ i Sect. I. stigma terminating in a long flat appendage, seed single, regular .........sesseeeeeee 4 Tuatia...... Linneus Canna. filament long, grooved, anther attached to the apex 5 Hepycuium,Kenig anther naked anther incurved, two spurs at the base 6 Roscoza.....Smith MONANDRIA anther attached by a short ligament to the faux of the corolla P anther double, style anther linear, without spurs .. 7 Reyeatnia,Linneus MONOGYNIA. long, flexible, sup- ( filament not extended beyond the anther 8 Axrrnta .....Do. ported between the style with germinal processes at the base .........0:esec00e 9 Hetieyra...R. Brown apex of the filament ovate lobes of the anther. | anther covered style naked at the base, two processes at the apex ...... 10 Cosrus....... Linneus filament ex- Sect. II. at the back by apex subulate, sulcate 11 ZrveiseEr....Roscoe tended Scrraminex. the filament e apex; bilobates:.s<..c.eersecestecsestectes : 12 Kenerenta, Linneus beyond the apex'trilobates (Pee oc Ls iceberg eT tT 13 Amomum.....Do. anther filament trilobate, middle section antheriferous, anther spurred (here tert 14 Curcuma....Do. filament very long, grooved, anther with an ppend 15 Grossa...... Do. CHARACTERS OF THE GENERA. Figures 6 and 7, Roscoea and Renealmia. The long lines which appear to connect the germen with the anther are intended to represent the style, which is received into the furrow of the double anther, and after conforming to its shape, appears again, with the stigma, a little beyond it. The small portion which appears below the anther is intended to show the ligament, by which the anther is attached to the faux or tube of the corolla; these two genera having no proper filament. In all the other genera the filament is shown connecting the anther with the germen, Figure 11. Zingiber. I am well aware that Gertner, in his Treatise “De Fructibus et Seminibus Plantarum,” printed at Stutgard in 1788, was the first who Proposed to distinguish a genus of Plants by the name of Zingiber, but this genus was founded on a different principle from the above, being established upon the character of the seed, and not including cither the officinal Zingiber or any of its proper congeners. ‘The Plants which Gertner’ has given. as species of Zingiber are, for the most part, included under the genus Amomum in the present arrangement ; on which account I cannot consider him as the founder of the present genus of Zingiber, SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF SPECIES, E FOLLOWING ACCORDING TO WHICH THE FIGURES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS GIVEN IN TH WORK ARE INTENDED TO BE ARRANGED. bee at ee SECTION I1L—CANN 4. + 3 L INDICA « ccccesscseeeeeee Linneus sections intire, lower ( sections subequal, lanceolate, erect, leaves ovate-lanceolate hes : 2 LaMBERTH....-04. +-+++Lindley lip intire «-.seeeeee sections unequal, ovate road "ovate: BS RATENG este teers Aiton sections intire, lower age ce i sections unequal, acute, diverging 4, LATIFOLIA oeeeeeeeees Hoy corolla monope- | lip emarginate ......... é a v a lanceolate, peduncles winged . Ker talous, with a | 7 ae : ovate, undulate, crenate, flaccid -. 6 FLAcciDA eeeeeeeeseeeeee Dillenius double limb ...... sections equal ... ore ; ovate, erect, exterior limb erect J GLAUCA Leer: Linneus inner limb bila- 4 ; . ‘4 flowers in pairs, with long peduncles «.-..-seesecsesees seeereerteesersesees 8 PEepuNcULATA.........Jtoscoe biate sections emarginate, a P ‘i sections subequal 5 flowers crenate, Dordered ...-.-ssscececescscssccescecenseesseceees secseseaeees Q IMBATA \cceeseresoeeee Do. ae lower lip emarginate upper lip tripar- 1 . TOnseees sections obtuse, converging « ---.-.++ OQ SYLVESTRIS ......--+++. Do. outer limb of corolla erect.........cc:ceseceeeeceeereseeceetaeeraee see eeeeee ees 11 Coccixnra Aiton sections unequal flowers red ..s.cseseceeeeeneeeee teres eee 12 OrrENTALIs «0... «++ Roscoe outer limb of corolla reflexed flowers yellow -..+-.:::seereeeeees 13 Van. Frava......Do. CANNA........ , ’ sections broad undulate, lobed, reflexed, tube campanulate, flowers pendulous 14 [ntSrr1ora «eee Ruiz & P. segments of the upper lip intire, stem smooth .....5 s+.ssesecceecrsseee ce ceerene er steneetees 15 CARNEA o..eeeeeeeeeees Roscoe lower lip intire........- segments of the upper lip emarginate, stem pubescent «....-++:+1sssssesersererirrseersreees 16 LANUGINOSA.+++1+-+000 Do. subequal, erect ..-.s-s05 sessseeseseenetereesseeces ceeeeeeeeeneecanseecensessessessertenseesensergesest sss 17 Srectosa . upper lip bipar- | segments lanceolate..- CCRT IOST IN eles poneee be ainaces OROo REECE ao aor ouachoccaa aac oEEE og 18 LUTEA .........0000+-diton titermmemecerasstss4 unequal leaves lanceolate «..++..- 1OIPArripaa eee stem pubescent leaves broad-l lati + 20 ——Van.... subequal, spike loose, flowers few w QL AURANTIACA oes Do. segments ovate......... unequal, spike compressed, flowers many «.--....:s0es0eeeeeeeeeeee ses 22 COMPACT A+ seerreeeeeees Do. i , _ (eaves linear-lanceolate - 93° DunupaTa. fete Do. upper lip wanting, lower lip intire leaves broad-lanceolate, acute «.-.1-+. seseeeeeeseeeeeeee . 24 Vai eee Do. pean hae ovate-lanceolate, acute, pubescent on both sides ........scceecseeesserresteeteeeeneeeniees ceaeeeee . 25 ARUNDINACEA......... Linneus 5 leaves linear-lanceolate, smooth on both sides -....-+::s::sscsescseeeseseee eee eeeee sees 2 % diem Ihaticezan 5 SMOOth on both Sides «--..-+-sseeseseeseeseesessesseeseeeeesesseesseseeseesees sees eeeeces Q6LINDICAS . css semeceerets Tussac bey glaucous below’ .:....s.0050++ vesssesscsserovsnsssssesersreconneegontentesnevesssen sarees 27 y divaricate, leaves orto 27 DIvABICATA -ie+.00-+-0 ‘Roscoe. MARANTA.. Mun ple below sere cee terscers secmenteiaecctatt sae tateee way teen ne ren 28 Van. Purrre ...Do. smooth, leaves cordate-lanceolate, equilateral ......... se sseeeeeeeeeeeeee cron ee Me qiuilataral peers seoga tre cmescttrr enemas late tse iat nar 29: Gruman ee villous, leaves ovate-l late, inequil 1) adondiieooroencheetaes - 30 Toncuar .. stem erect, jointed, leaves ovate cuspidate, subequilateral, flowers in pairs, yellow ies one suavetesnasdedsccccctrntsersucetsteisurssusetsccesssn ss 31 CusrrpaTa .........-..Roscoe stem wanting, petioles radical, bearing the flowers, leaves broad-ovate, mucronate, coloured below 32 Bicoro: Ke SOE nee eee e ee eee eee e ne eee eee aen eee eee eee ees v4 co ) eee <2 flowers large, segments of the outer limb involute, yell . p CHOW cetecsecesecceeeeescssescceceesesonns spike | 1» YOMOW NBs ss ese sees se eevcecsnsenssenssscsorecaucsonssdoceretvercsrecsansssseceenness 383 GRanpDIFLORUM....... Roscoe flowers small, segments of the outer limb reflexed, white ... 34 ParviFLorem «..--- Roxburgh leaves equilateral, fl yell | q) lowers yellow 35 Canosa R leaves inequilateral, striped above, purple below, flowers purple.........ccccccessesecseeeeeeeees 36 ZesrinuM outer bractes broad-oyate, flowers tubular, violet ... spike capitate, imbricated ovat 37 VIOLACEUM «0.00610 Do. a outer bractes lozenge-shaped, flowers white .........cc.ecseseeeeseee Renee) Pema), Polinains |sevasdiin Mh ile nGtwiay! md Asan 01 yeerqu ion yooll. wial GUk cncgese te 38 ALLOUYA «1.1 Do. nas resttsscnesererctsti craton test ete tetera Te 39 Mynosaa .........+.+++-Do. 40 CyLinpRICcUM «2... Do. hirsute, concave below, petioles hirsute, rufescent, flowers pale blue 41 S: FSS ELSI cere ARMS Baa ca ea ETOSUM eseeees oyeee+-I00 spike fasciculate, imbricate pubescent, erect, petioles smooth, scape woolly, flowers tubular, yellow : shy ellowpur ie Marv atn eeren tn Sar 42 PARKER w..seee --Dow foliaceous, outer bractes broad ovate, brown, coriaceous, flowers tubular, yello 5 w - 43 Casuro ... L panicle glumaceous, leaves elliptical, oblique at the apex, flowers tubular, pale yellow stems fruticose, jointed ; flowers axillary, in pairs, blue 44 Eviipricunt «1.4.1.5... Do: THALIA...... ee stem radical, simple, cylindrical ; spike compound, flowers dark purple Tad een ee rise eT Se i - Smith HEDYCHIUM ROSCOEA...... RENEALMIA { ALPINIA...... HELLENIA... COSTUSIe ss ZINGIBER .... KAMPFERIA + SECTION II—SCITAMINE. - U bractes tubular, villous, lip bilobate, lobes acuminate, filament recurved, 47 AcuminatuM ...Roscoe spike loosely imbricated .........+.. bractes flat, lip bilobate, lobes ovate, filament erect .....-+-:sscereeeereee 48 SpicaTUM......... Wallich filament shorter than the lip lobes of the bifid lip acute Be 49 Fiavom. . Roxburgh lobes of the bifid lip obtuse .....---+--seeesseseeceeeeeseesereeeene 50 Fiavescens Carey spike compactly imbricated, ovate leaves lanceolate, narrow ................. 51 Coronanrium .....Linneus lobes of the bifid lip elliptic leaves broad-lanceolate ............:s0006 52 Maximum......... Roscoe : bractes smooth, anther linear, leaves glaucous below ............000000 53 Giaucum ......... Do. spike elongated, diffuse ....... bractes villous, anther heart-shaped, leaves broad-lanceolate . 54 Vittosum . ......Wallich bractes ovate, acute, erect, lip notched, filament and anther scarlet... 55 Ex.ipricum ...... Smith spike compressed, dense, ovate bractes lanceolate, obtuse, lip two-lobed, filament white, anther ovate... 56 Tuyrstrorme ...Do. lobes of the lip elliptical, cbtuse, bractes lanceolate, villous.....-...c0ccceccecseeeeeee 57 CaRNeEvmM ......... Loddiges filament twice the length of the lip ((bractes notched gy) ae uci tsten eencerse en teenie 58 CoccinEuM ...... Smith spike cylindrical, bractes obtuscummncsrtvencen warcentens: terme: Term 59 Lonetrorium.....Roscoe Jeayes lanceolate, narrow whorls of three smooth, flowers red..........0cceeeeeeeeee 60 Ancustiro1ium Roxburgh bractes acute flowers, alterna- villous at point, flowers orange... 61 Aunantracum... Roscoe ting into six up- | lobes of the lip lanceolate, acute, leaves broad-lanceolate, mid-rib green.........+++ 62 GarpNnertanum Wallich right rows . lobes of the lip trapeziform, leaves broad-lanceolate, mid-rib red below . 63 Exarum.. Brown Leaves sheathing the stem and spatha; calyx tubular, membranous, intire ; flowers large, pale-purple ©. 5...5)6..55.001-+ 64 Purrvurea Smith leaves linear-lanceolate, spike long, erect ; flowers red ; segments of outer limb ovate, obtuse .......c:cccceeeseceeceeeneeeeeeeececeeneecaeenseesees 65 VEXALTATA ssetes Linneus leaves broad-lanceolate ; spike dense, fasciculated ; flowers sessile, white, streaked, clouded with py ellOWarseasestersesrse sper set 66 Fascicunata..... Roscoe lip bifid, sections notched, with fleshy protuberances at the base 67 Ariuemas......... Roscoe spike erect } lip slightly bifid, with spurs at the base.........c.cesseeseeeereeeeeee 68 CarcaraTa...... Roxburgh : with flat hairy glands at the base. ..:.2.....-..t..csssssssstervoccoeetncensrrasteertee toatemantecs 69 Mourica............ Do. lip trilobate inflorescence simple with spurs at the base, petioles bracteated 70 BractEata ... spike declined, filament cloven into two segments, lip panduri eee cnee os 71 Dirrissa 72 Pennicettata..Do. [ lip circular, crenate, streaked with concentric lines of crimson .. spike pendulous + lip broad-ovate, elongated at the apex, with spurs at the base weg SBNULANS fe eareeeseteel 03 | lip orbicular, with flat auriculated glands at the base......... Meee 74 AvnicuraTa...... Do. inflorescence compound, on a common receptacle, flowers scarlet, bordered with white ........cc:cccsecesseeeseeeeeee = 75 Macnirica ....... Do. Spike loose, conical, declined ; filament erect, red, with an ovate apex ; capsule light blue .........cc.ccccessceseecseceecesseseeseeeeecseseneeseeeeaeees 76 Ca@nuea ......... Brown bractes ovate, red at the base, green at the summit. 77 Sricatus . .Linneus spike compactly imbri- | flowers sation} . A bractes rhomboidal;intirely red pers cere. citesnsces acer ses treme enters 78 Cyxinpnicu: Roem.g 8. occa flowers rose-colour, bractes ovate, scarlet 79 SPIRALIS ......... Roscoe bractes ovate, acute at the apex, red, leaves green on both sides .........scceessceeseecetesetenereteseee 80 NiraLENsis ...... Do. spike loosely imbricated, flowers white ) bractes ovate, green at the apex, leaves green above, purple below.........:..c:cceteeseessecseese teens SIEDISCOLOR Fetes ees Do. bractes ovate, intirely green, stems hairy, with red spots ....-.:s-cesseeseeecteteteesseecaeeeeeesseseeeees 82 Macuratvs ....... Do. circular, green, margins membranous, yellow, lip ovate, slightly notched, dark purple...............4.+ 83 OFFICINALE ...... Do. obtuse 4 green, margins ciliated, downy, lip broad, crenate, notched, pale yellow. 84 ZeruMBET bractes ovate ferruginous, villous, margins membranous, lip deeply divided..........:.1:cc:ccseeeecesseeeeeeteens eee -85 Cassumunan....Rowburgh { acute, apex green, cuspidate, villous, lip in three segments, bright yellow, outer limb red.. 86 Curysanruum...Roscoe spike radical crimson towards the apex, outer limb reflexed, crimson, lip ovate, crenate, pale yellow ..............ee 87 Roseum .......... Rowburgh bractes lanceolate + bright red,slightly villous, outer limb erect, bright red, lip oblong-ovate, involute, yellow, spotted with red 88 Rubens spike tominl{ leaves sessile... leaves on long petioles . crimson at the apex, villous, outer limb reflexed, crenate, white, lip ovate, crenate, white ...! 89 Sauarnosum erect, margins membranous, tinged with red, lip broad-ovate, slightly emargi 90 Carrratum diverging, lip oblong.ovate, deeply notched at the apex .....s.sceccercecssceecssesesseessees snsesseecsaessesersceesesseeetteteseeessenees 91 Exarum. broad ovate, bifa- | entirely green, lip white, purple at the base rious, downy below margin purple, lip purple, two lobes of upper lip of corolla purple .. Carey leaves lanceolate, smooth on both sides, lip purple, two lobes of upper lip of corolla white ......... Ceneegiers pocpdoNINNDGLHOGD 94 Ancustiroita...Jacquin lip broad-ovate, purple, bifid, segments mucronate 95 OvaLiroria...... Rouburgh entirely green ..... 4 lip ovate, light red, mucronate at the apex 96 Panpurata Do. leaves broad-lanceolate, variegated above, purpurescent below, lip pale purple ......... 97 Rorunpa.......... Linneus AMOMUM...... lip large, crenate, white, yellow at the base, crimson at the margin, germinal processes very long. CURCUMA.... GLOBBA . SECTION IL—SCITAMINE CONTINUED. capsule cylindrical, coriaceous, yellow, 98 Metecurta .........Roscoe ee serscsreseasers QO AMADA <1. .0seeceeeeo At ODDUTER leaves broad-lanceolate, lip two lobed, coma rose-colour ...... 42:100. its technical character, not only differs from Alpinia, but forms an important species of the genus Renealmia > as will appear by comparing the print given in the present work, with the figures of Dr. Roxburgh and Mr. White, of the true Cardamom plant of the East, before referred to. Mr. Andrews, in his Botanical Repository, disregarding the principle upon which the genera in the tribe of Scitaminea is founded, has given two plants as Renealmia, viz. vol. vy. fig. 360, Renealmia Nutan 1. S$, vol. vi. fig. 421, Reneulmia Calcarata, both of which will be found, on examination 7 to be Alpinias, and as such are given in the present work. ALPINIA. Of this very elegant and diversified genus, the most full and particular account hitherto known, is that given by Sir J. E. Smith, in the Supplement to Rees’s Cyclopedia, (Art. Alpinia.) It was originally proposed by Plumier in honour of Prosper Alpinus, the celebrated author of a work on Exotic Plants, published in 1629, and was afterwards adopted by Linneus. It is known from all the other genera by various particulars, but is sufficiently discriminated ‘by its strong erect filament, supporting in front at the apex a large double anther, which it completely covers at the back, but does not extend beyond. By a strict attention to this circumstance, it will not be found difficult to divest this genus of many plants which have formerly been confounded with it, and to combine together, by a truly natural distinction, as beautiful a group as the tribe of Monandrian Plants can supply. Of this species Sir J. E. Smith has enumerated 17, seven of which will be found figured and described in the present work. It was also my intention to have given a specimen of the desirous cf obtaining further information respecting the Natural, or rather the French system, that he will find 2 it in an article by the late Sir J. E. Smith, President of the Linnean Society, in the second volume of the Supplement to the Encyclopedia Britannica, under the Title « Borany, with a particular reference to the and also in a paper in the eleventh volume of the Transactions of the Linnean Society, p. 50, “on artificial and natural arrangements of Plants,” systems of Linneus and Jussieu ;” for which I am myself accountable. CANNA INDICA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Se SECT. I. CANN. Gey. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the petal-like filament ; style erect, club-shaped ; stigma an obtuse scale ; capsule three-celled ; seeds globose, numerous. SpEc. Cuar.—Spike erect ; upper lip of the interior limb of corolla in three sections; sections linear, erect, equal, converging, intire, acute; lower lip intire, declined ; leaves lanceolate, inzequilateral. Syy.—Canna Indica, corolle limbo interiore trifido, laciniis lanceolatis, acuminatis, strictis. Roemer § Schultes, vol. i. Canna Indica, var. rubra. flore toto rubescente, foliis elliptico-ovatis. Aiton, Hort. Kew. tom. i. le OGL a, Canna Indica, corolla limbo interiore trifido, laciniis lanceolatis, acuminatis, strictis. Aiton, Hort. Kew. tom. i. p. 1. Ed. ii. Canna Indica, Bot. Reg. No. 776. Canna Indica, var. maculata. Indian shot ; spotted flowered variety. Hooker, Exotic Flora. 53. DESCRIPTION. Root fibrous; stem erect, 3-4 feet high; leaves lanceolate, ineequilateral ; petioles short, winged, decurrent ; general bracte long-lanceolate, deciduous ; partial bracte irregularly ovate or wedge-shaped, membranous, deciduous, inclosing one or two flowers; spike erect; rachis angular ; calyx superior, persistent, in three nearly equal segments, lanceolate, acute ; corolla monopetalous, with a double limb or border; outer limb in three segments, long, linear, acute, intire, equal, converging ; inner limb bilabiate ; upper lip in three sections, linear-lanceolate, acute, intire, converging ; lower lip spatulate, intire, declined ; filament petal-like, erect, intire, acute; anther simple, linear, affixed to the margin of the filament, but supported also by a proper stamen concealed and decurrent in the margin ; style petal-like, intire, acute; stigma an obtuse scale ; capsule globose, rugose, 3—4 celled; seeds black, numerous. OBSERVATIONS. The Canna Indica has long been known in this country. It is mentioned by Miller, in his Gardener’s Dictionary, as being a native of the warmest parts of America. Its specific appellation is probably therefore not derived from the East, but the West Indies ; where it is also called Indian reed, and the seeds Indian shot. By our earlier botanists, it was called Flos-Cancri, or Crabs-claws, from the resemblance between the erect, linear, converging, bright-red flowers, and the claws of a crab; a resemblance which is characteristic of this species only. Thus Cowley, in his Fourth Book of Plants, says, “ The Inp1an Flow’ry Reed in figure vies, “* And lustre, with the Cancer of the skies.” The Canna Indica of Dr. Roxburgh, (Asiat. Res. vol. xi. p- 322, and Flor. Ind. vol. i. p. 1.) with its yellow variety, which are common in the gardens throughout India, is a different species. from the present, and will be given under the name of C. orientalis. The figure in Bot. Register, No. 776, is very characteristic; but the Canna Indica of Redoute, fig. 201, is a different plant from the present, having only two sections of the upper lip: of the interior limb of the corolla. It is supposed by Dr. Hooker to correspond with C. speciosa of Dr. Sims. Bot. Mag. 2317. REFERENCES. 1. The three segments of the upper lip of the corolla. 2. Filament, anther, and style. 3. Lower lip of corolla. 4 Outer limb of corolla. 5 » Germen and calyx. as Se nied ma en, SR es : St , Mv, NONE OEE et OEE PINE Geis — iota Dn enereantientiherracad a gt Ne serait AEA RL a a Pe SEARO eae soleil ae = amiesyi se treesEOnE I od oene 7 oD Bh eZ Vv y CVPUVILE 6 “Fite CANNA LAMBERTI MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Gey. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the petal-like filament ; style erect, club-shaped ; stigma an obtuse terminal scale ; capsule three-celled; seeds numerous. Sprc. CHar.—Spike erect ; upper lip of interior limb of corolla in three segments ; segments ovate, unequal, intire ; lower lip lanceolate, intire, revolute; leaves broad-lanceolate. Syy.—Canna Lamberti. Bot. Reg. 470. Canna maxima. Loddiges, Cab. DESCRIPTION. Root fibrous ; stems erect, from 12 to 14 feet high ; leaves broad-lanceolate, ineequilateral; floral bractes deciduous; calyx of three lanceolate leaves, purpurescent; outer limb of corolla in three lanceolate segments, nearly equal, erect, acute; inner limb in three segments ; segments broad, ovate, intire at the apex, unequal, the middle one being the smallest, and sometimes wanting ; lower lip smaller than either of the two larger sections of the upper lip, linear-lanceolate, intire, revolute; filament lanceolate, intire, revolute ; anther attached to the margin, near the apex; style erect, linear-lanceolate, acute; the whole corolla of a uniform, fine deep scarlet ; capsule ovate, rugose; seeds numerous. OBSERVATIONS. This fine plant “ was raised by Mr. Lambert, from seed collected in the island of Trinidad, and flowered at Boyton House, in May 1820, for the first time in England.” On its first appearance it was supposed to be the Canna Indica of Ruiz and Pavon, Flor. Peruv. i. 1. and was referred to that species in Bot. Reg. 470, where a figure of it was first published; but this error has since been corrected in the same work, and the Peruvian plant more accurately referred to Canna edulis. Bot. Reg. 775; and Note on C. Lamberti, in the appendix to vol. vi. ib. Our drawing of the present plant was taken from a specimen of the flowers, leaves and capsule, obligingly sent us by Messrs. Loddiges of Hackney, the plant in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool not having yet flowered. As an ornamental plant, it is not perhaps exceeded by any species in the genus, except the Iridiflora, which was also introduced into this country by Mr. Lambert. REFERENCES. 1. Germen and calyx. 2. Outer limb of corolla. 3. The three segments of the upper lip of the inner limb of corolla. od . Filament and anther. oO . Lower lip of corolla. Dp . Capsule with the permanent calyx. OA ee ua 4 4 ee ee ee ncieaianieanay / : PPE Ae sey care agement re. f, ee ea CANNA PATENS. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Gey. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the filament; style erect, club-shaped, intire; stigma a terminal obtuse scale; capsule three-celled; seeds numerous. Spec. Cuar.—Corolla monopetala, upper lip of the interior limb of the corolla in three sections, equal, ovate, intire, expanding ; lower lip linear, revolute, bifid, spotted ; leaves lanceolate ; capsule ovate, rugose. Syy.—Canna Indica, var. Patens (§ ) Aiton, Hort. Kew. Ed. 1. Canna Patens. Aiton, Hort. Kew. vol. i. p. 1. Ed. 2. Canna Indica. Curt. Bot. Mag. vol. xiii. No. 454. Canna Patens. Bot. Reg. vol. vii. No. 576. Canna Patens. Roemer § Schultes, No. 5. DESCRIPTION. Root tuberous; stem from four to five feet high, jointed; leaves lanceolate, subequilateral ; petiole short, winged, sheathing the stem; spike loose, many-flowered, rising from a general bracte or sheath; proper bracte short, cuneate, membranous, deciduous ; calyx of three short, equal, lanceolate segments, pale green ; exterior limb of the corolla in three segments, equal, lanceolate, yellow, terminating in green; upper lip of the interior limb in three segments, intire, ovate, spreading, deep red; lip linear, revolute, emarginate, or slightly notched, yellow, with oblong red spots; filament shorter than the other sections of the corolla, slightly revolute, spotted; anther attached to the margin of the filament, near the apex; style erect, club-shaped, stigma a terminal scale; capsule three-celled, large, oblong, rugose ; seeds numerous, black when ripe. OBSERVATIONS. This plant, first introduced to notice in the first edition of the Hort. Kewensis, as a variety of the Canna Indica, has been ascertained, by the growth of many years in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, to be a distinct species, maintaining its peculiar character amidst the great diversity of other plants of the same genus, by which it is there surrounded. The character given in the Hort. Kewensis, “ Corolle limbo interiore trifido, laciniis reflexis,” seems to have induced Willdenow, in his Enumeratio, vol. i. p. 2. to refer to this plant as his C. chinensis, from which it is entirely distinct; as in that plant it is not the segments of the interior, but of the exterior limb that are reflected. “ Corolle laciniis exterioribus demum reflexis,” whence it appears, that the C. chinensis of Willdenow is the C. Indica of Roxb. Flora Indica, vol. i. p. 1. figured in the present work as C. orientalis, the true C. indica being undoubtedly an American plant. Seeds of the Canna Patens have been received from the Island of St. Helena, where it is probably indigenous. REFERENCES. . Germen and calyx. . Exterior limb of corolla. Lip. . Filament, anther, style and stigma. eS co Me . The three segments of interior limb. DD . Seed-vessels. = . Unripe seeds. S S CANNA LATIFOLIA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Gen. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the petal-like filament ; style club-shaped ; stigma an obtuse scale ; capsule three-celled; seeds numerous. Spec. Cuar.—Upper lip of the interior limb of the corolla in three sections, intire, acute, irregularly spreading ; lower lip spatulate, slightly lobed ; style petal-like; leaves broad, ovate ; stem woolly. Syy.—Canna gigantea. Woolly-stemmed Indian shot. Bot. Reg. t. 206. Canna gigantea. Redoute Liliac. 331. Canna gigantea. Bot. Mag. 2316. Canna gigantea. Roemer & Schultes, Sys. Veg. vol. i. p. 12. DESCRIPTION. Root tuberous; stem from 10 to 15 feet high, woolly, frequently two inches in diameter at the base; leaves alternate, broad-ovate ; lobes equilateral, strongly ribbed, from three to four fect long by one foot broad; petioles and sheathing covered with a dense down or nap; common bracte large, coriaceous ; proper bracte membranous, deciduous; spike many-flowered; calyx in three lanceolate segments; outer limb of the corolla in three long, lanceolate, erect segments, yellow terminated with deep red; interior limb long, tubular, extending beyond and diverging obliquely from the exterior limb; segments linear-lanceolate, irregularly spreading, frequently lobate, or slightly mucronate at the apex, deep red; lower lip nearly resembling the upper sections, linear-lanceolate, slightly declined, emarginate or lobed at the apex, deep red; filament petal-like, revolute ; anther grooved, attached to the margin ; style coloured like one of the sections of the corolla, all of which are of a bright uniform red; stigma an obscure scale ; capsule large, rugose, three-valved ; seeds many, globose, black. OBSERVATIONS. This magnificent species of Canna was first received at the Botanic Garden in Liverpool, in 1810, from the Duke of Northumberland’s, at Sion House, under the name of Canna latifolia. On its first flowering there, it was erroneously supposed to be the patens of the Hort. Kewensis, Ed. 1, and was so stated by me, in Trans. Lin. Soc. vol. xi. p. 272, a mistake which I have since been afforded an opportunity of correcting in the Bot. Register, vol. ix. v. Note, in fine, where the specific appellation as first adopted is restored, and a correct character may be found. In fact, no species in the whole genus is more strongly characterized than the present. Such is the close resemblance of the different parts of the interior limb of the corolla, including the filament and style, to each other, as well in form as colour, that by an incurious observer they might be mistaken for an hexapetalous flower; whilst the irregularly diverging form of their growth displays a wild elegance wholly unlike any other species. REFERENCES. 1. Entire flower. 2. Capsule. 3. Ditto opened. 4. Seeds. — ae) —— = Lanne edule CANNA EDULIS. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Guy. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the petal-like filament; style erect, club-shaped ; stigma an obtuse scale; capsule three-celled; seeds numerous. Src. Cuar.—Spike erect; upper limb of corolla in three segments; segments lanceolate, intire, nearly equal, erect, converging; lower lip narrow, linear, bifid at the apex, declined ; pedicels winged; leaves broad-lanceolate, acute, subzequilateral. Syy.—Meeru, sive Canna Indica. Piso. Hist. Nat. Brazil, p- 116. Maregr. Ibid. p. 4. Canna Indica. Ruiz § Pavon, Flor. Peruv. i. 1. Bot. Reg. 775. Canna edulis. Tuberous rooted Indian reed. Bot. Mag. 2498. DESCRIPTION. Roots large, tuberous, with many germinating eyes or buds, perennial; stems erect, round, jointed, from 8 to 12 feet high, purpurescent, with a slight scattered down or hair; leaves very large, broad-lanceolate-acute, strongly nerved; lower leaves on long petioles, upper ones sheathing the stem ; petioles winged, decurrent, deeply channelled, downy; general bracte lanceolate, acute, green, with a purple margin; floral bracte common to two flowers, broad-ovate, dull red, with a pallid membranous crenate margin, deciduous; one of the two pedicels winged immediately below the germen, with two unequal petal-like coloured processes ; calyx of three leaves, erect, acute, equal, deep crimson; outer limb of the corolla in three segments, lanceolate, dark crimson; inner limb with a double lip, upper lip in three segments, two of them rather larger, lanceolate, intire, with long yellow claws, one of the sections frequently declined; lower lip rather less than the upper segments, linear, bifid at the apex, deflexed; filament smaller than the segments of the corolla; style erect, linear, pallid; stigma a scale; germen angular, rugose, with three cells; seeds numerous. OBSERVATIONS. From the duplicate figures and descriptions given by Piso and Marcgrave, of the Mceru of Brazil, and particularly from the large tuberous esculent roots, we have little doubt that this ‘is the same species as that figured and described by them, and for a still earlier account of which, they have referred to Clusius, lib. 4. cap. 54. That it is also the Canna Indica of the Flora Peruviana, we are assured by the Editor of Bot. Reg. No. 775, who has also corrected an error in the last mentioned work, No. 470, where the Peruvian plant is referred to Canna Lamberti. We have obseryed some diversities between the plant here published, and that figured in Bot. Reg. and particularly that the segments of the inner limb of the corolla are there represented as slightly emarginate, whilst in ours, drawn from a fine fresh specimen, those segments were acute and intire, as is also the case with the figure in Bot. Mag. No. 2498. On the other hand, we find in the last mentioned figure, the lower lip or labellum represented as intire and acute, whilst in that in Bot. Reg. it is emarginate or notched, as was the case also in our specimen. Some other slight variations may also appear on comparison of the figures now published; but upon the whole, there can be no doubt of the identity of the species, which was raised by Mr. Lambert, from seeds collected by the authors of the Flora Peruviana, nearly thirty years before they were committed to the ground. The two small petaliform coloured appendages on the pedicels, a little below the germen, are not found, as far as our observations extend, in any other plant of the genus, and alone ‘sufficiently distinguish the species. The plant from which the present figure is given, was obligingly communicated by Richard Harrison, Esq, 7 from his Conservatory, at Aighburgh, near Liverpool. It was raised from Brazilian seeds, and is now upwards of ten feet high. REFERENCES. ve . Outer limb of corolla. ; Pedicel, with its winged appendages, germen and calyx. oe . Floral bracte, with two flowers, calyx, style and stigma. Lower lip. x RB oo . Filament, anther and style, in position. Segments of upper lip of corolla. RSIS acai a Some _ ee ee ee ER im, Ee RO CANNA FLACCIDA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Gen. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the petal-like filament; style erect, club-shaped ; stigma obtuse ; capsule three-celled ; seeds numerous. Spec. Cuar.—Corolla monopetala with a double limb; inner limb bilabiate ; upper lip in three sections, emarginate, ovate, crenate, flaccid; lower lip broad, crenate, flaccid; outer limb in three sections, reflexed. Syn.—Canna flaccida. Dill. Hort. Eltham. tab. 59, fig. 69. Canna flaccida. Redoute Liliac. tab. 107. DESCRIPTION. Roots tuberous, subaquatic, fleshy, spreading to a distance; stem 4—5 feet high, smooth; leaves alternate, decurrent, broad lanceolate, equilateral, intire, smooth, converging, 1-2 feet long; spike few-flowered ; flowers large, expanding ; corolla, upper lip of the inner limb in three segments ; segments ovate, crenate, flaccid, pale yellow, or sulphur colour; lower lip very broad, crenate or undulate, flaccid ; outer limb in three lanceolate, acute, reflexed, straw-coloured segments ; calyx three lanceolate leaflets, green; bractes common, large and coriaceous; filament petal-like, ovate-elliptic, crenate; anther long, grooved, attached to the incrassated margin of the filament; style elliptic, obtuse ; stigma a terminal scale; capsule oblong-ovate, rugose, large ; seeds numerous, black. OBSERVATIONS. A native of America, where, Mr. Nuttall informs me, he saw it growing in great quantities on the banks of the Mississippi. Has been cultivated in our gardens many years. REFERENCES. 1. The three segments of upper lip of Corolla. 2. Lower lip of Corolla. iss) . The three segments of the outer limb of Corolla. > . Filament and anther. 5. Style and stigma. 6. Germen and calyx. CANNA GLAUCA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN#. Grn, Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the petal-like filament; style erect, club-shaped ; stigma an obtuse terminal scale; capsule three-celled; seeds numerous. Spec. Cuar.—Spike erect ; upper lip of interior limb of corolla in three segments ; segments ovate, equal, intire ; lower lip long, linear, notched at the apex, revolute; leaves lanceolate, long, glaucous. Syy.—Canna glauca. Linn. Sp. Pl. 1. Canna glauca. Sir J. E. Smith, Exot. Bot. vol. ii. tab. 102. Canna glauca. Hegetschweiler, Comment. Bot. tab. ii. fig. 9. DESCRIPTION. Root perennial, fibrous, creeping; stem erect, six feet high ; leaves long-lanceolate, ineequilateral, strongly veined, glaucous, decurrent and sheathing the stem; spike terminal, generally with three or more flowers bursting from a long sheathing bracte, and closely sitting on a triangular rachis; each flower supported at the base by a proper, wedge-shaped, floral bracte, light brown, deciduous; calyx of three lanceolate leaves, of a glaucous green, permanent; corolla with a double limb; outer limb in three lanceolate-acute segments ; inner limb with a double lip; upper lip in three segments, equal, broad-ovate, intire; lower lip long, linear, revolute, bifid at the apex; filament lanceolate, revelute, bearing on the margin near the apex a long, slender anther; style erect, linear-lanceolate ; stigma obtuse; the whole flower of a uniform, fine, pale yellow, or sulphur-colour ; capsule large, verrucose, ovate, three-celled, with numerous hard, globular seeds. OBSERVATIONS. This plant is probably a native of Africa, from whence Linneus informs us he received the seeds of it. That it is the same plant as described by him under the name of Canna glauca, appears from the specimens and description in his Herbarium, v. Sir J. E. Smith, Exot. Bot. vol. ii. p- 83. Willdenow confounded it with the C. flaccida, a very different plant, and referred it to the figure in Dill. Hort. Elth. t. 59, £. 69. v. Willd. Syst. v. i. p. 4. Enum. Berol. i. 3. into which mistake he was probably led by the Hort. Kew. 1st edition, p. 2. where it is stated to have been cultivated by Sherard, in 1732; an assertion which must be understood of the C. flaccida. The figure of Hegetschweiler differs considerably from both the specimen in Ewot. Bot. and that here given; particularly in one of the upper segments of the interior limb of the corolla being deeply emarginate. It is not however improbable, that variations of this nature may occasionally occur, as well in this tribe of plants as others. Fortunately, however, the present species is so strongly characterized in other respects, that it is impossible it should be mistaken for any other of the genus. It is best cultivated by placing the roots in water, where it is a great ornament to the aquarium. We must not omit to notice, that we have received specimens of the flowers and fruit in spirits, from the tropical parts of America, and that our drawing of the capsule is from one of foreign growth. REFERENCES. - Floral bracte. . Germeni and calyx. . Sections of outer limb of corolla. Segments of upper lip of inner limb of corolla. . Filament, anther, style and stigma. Capsule. A Aa Fw wo . Ditto opened. (‘ab RA 2é. fey COR tL bE excl le eo CANNA PEDUNCULATA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Gey. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the petal-like filament; style club-shaped; stigma an. obtuse scale. Spec. Cuar.—Corolla monopetala, with a double limb; inner limb bilabiate; upper lip in three sections; sections emarginate, erect; lower lip revolute, bifid ; outer limb of corolla reflexed; flowers in pairs on long peduncles. Syy.—Canna pedunculata. Loddiges Bot. Cabinet, fig. 622. Long-peduncled Canna. DESCRIPTION. Roots tuberous, stoloniferous; stcles as thick as a man’s finger; stems 5-6 feet high; leaves alternate, lanceolate, decurrent, from one to two feet long; inzequilateral, smooth, nerves distant; flower-spike 6_8 inches long, angular ; flowers in pairs on long round peduncles; outer bracte common to both flowers, with an inner bracte to the secondary flower; upper lip of the inner limb of the corolla in three segments, frequently luxuriating into four, notched, erect; claws short; lower lip revolute, deeply notched; outer limb of three lanceolate reflexed tortuose segments, yellowish green; filament revolute at the apex, slightly notched; style erect, spatulate ; stigma obtuse; calyx triphyllous, leaflets short, lanceolate, slightly emarginate, light green, farinaceous ; germen pale green, rugose, slightly triangular ; seeds numerous, ovately globular, black. OBSERVATIONS. A very distinct species; sufficiently characterized from all the rest of the genus now known, by its long peduncles. The present Plant, which is supposed to be a native of the Brazils, was sent to the Liverpool Botanic Garden by Mr. Cooper, Botanic Gardener to Lord Milton, at Wentworth House, and flowered in April, 1823. REFERENCHS. 1. Corolla. 2. Peduncles, germen and calyx. 3. Outer bracte. 4. Inner bracte. 5. The three segments of the upper lip of the inner limb and corolla. 6. Filament and anther, style and stigma. 7. Lower lip of the corolla. 8. Outer limb of the corolla. 9. Filament and style before the flower expands. 10. Seeds. CANNA LIMBATA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Guy. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the petal-like filament; style erect, club-shaped ; stigma an obtuse scale; capsule three-celled; seeds numerous. Spc. Cuar.—Upper lip of interior limb of corolla tripartite; segments emarginate, subzequal, crenate, bright scarlet, bordered on the margin with orange; lower lip narrow, linear, bifid, declined; leaves lanceolate-acute, sea-green, sessile, decurrent. Syy.—Canna auro-vittata. Loddiges, Bot. Cab. Canna limbata. Bot. Reg. 971. DESCRIPTION. Roots tuberous, spreading and sending up numerous suckers; stem from four to six feet high, smooth ; leaves alternate, lanceolate-acute, inzequilateral, with decurrent sheaths; spike loose, erect; common. bracte large, coriaceous, glaucous, with a slight purple tinge; calyx of three short, unequal, lanceolate segments, pale green; exterior border of corolla in three long lanceolate segments, pale yellow; upper lip~of interior limb in three segments; segments lanceolate-obtuse, nearly equal, bright scarlet, margins crenate, and bordered with orange; lip narrower than the upper segments, bifid and spotted with red, declined; anther oblong, adhering to the filament, near the apex; style spatulate; stigma an obtuse scale; capsule globular, verrucoses three-celled ; seeds black when ripe. OBSERVATIONS. The seeds of this species were sent to the Botanic Garden in Liverpool, by Mr. Otto, from Berlin, under the name of Canna Patens, to which it certainly nearly approaches, and perhaps may be considered as a variety only; although it has been constant in its habits, as well in the Botanic Garden as in several other Conservatories in the neighbourhood of Liverpool. It is said to be a native of the Brazils. REFERENCES. . The three upper segments of the interior limb of corolla. . Filament and anther, style and stigma. . Lower lip. . Outer limb of corolla. . Germen and calyx. . Capsule. A A' aA SB w wD . Ditto opened, showing the unripe seeds. Pp 2 pe’ So i 4s Me Std ) CZ a CANNA SYLVESTRIS. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Gey. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the petal-like filament; style erect, club-shaped ; stigma an obtuse scale; capsule three-celled; seeds numerous. Srnec. Cuar.—Upper lip of interior limb of corolla tripartite ; segments emarginate, subzequal, obtuse, converging ; lower lip linear, bifid, declined ; leaves lanceolate, eequilateral. DESCRIPTION. Roots tuberous, stoloniferous; stem herbaceous, simple, 4-5 feet high, coyered with a deciduous down ; leaves alternate, lanceolate, 1-2 feet long, by 6-8 inches broad, not so strongly ribbed as in most other species, but of a more coriaceous substance; petioles from three to four inches long, channelled ; spike terminal, flowers dichotomous, with a long bracte to each flower, of a glaucous colour; interior bracte wedge-shaped, membranaceous; calyx of three lanceolate segments, purpurescent ; outer limb of corolla in three lanceolate segments, nearly equal, crimson ; inner limb with a double lip; upper lip in three segments, long, linear, of nearly equal size, obtuse and irregularly emarginate at the apex, converging, and somewhat hooded over the parts of fructification, giving the appearance of a ringent flower; lower lip long, Inear, obtuse and bifid at the apex; filament lanceolate, cartilaginous at the margin; anther rather small; style short, spatulate ; stigma a scale; the whole interior limb of corolla a. bright scarlet; germen verrucose, tubercles purple. OBSERVATIONS. An hitherto undescribed and very distinct species, of a peculiarly elegant appearance; its fine crimson flowers being a great ornament to the Conservatory. It is probably a native of the tropical climates of America, but was first received at Liverpool in the year 1813, from the Botanic Garden at Dublin, under the name of Amomum Sylvestris, the specific name of which we have retained. A plant of the same species was afterwards received from Mr. Loddiges, at Hackney, under the name of Canna Patens. REFERENCES. 1. The three sections of the upper lip of corolla. 2, Filament and anther, style and stigma. 3. Lower lip. > . Outer limb of corolla. oO . Parts of fructification, as they appear before the flower expands. 6. Germen and calyx. CANNA COCCINEA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Guy. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the petal-like filament; style erect, club-shaped ; stigma an obtuse scale; seeds globose, numerous. Src. Cuar.—Upper lip of interior limb of corolla erect, in three sections, one smaller, sections emarginate, lower lip bifid, yellow, with streaks of red. Syy.—Canna coccinea. Aiton Hort. Kew, p. 1. Ed. 2. Canna Indica, var. (¥) coccinea. Willd. Spec. Pl. vol. i. p. 3. Canna rubra (Indica (%) coccinea.) Willd. Enum. Pl. Berol. vol. i. p. 2. Canna speciosa, major. Hegetschweiler, Com. Bot. tab. 1. fig. 7. B. The flower only. Canna coccinea. Roemer & Schultes, vol. i. p. 11. DESCRIPTION. Root tuberous; stem from four to six feet high ; leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, undulate and membranous at the margin; sheaths of the petioles slightly downy ; calyx of three lanceolate segments, pale red; outer limb of corolla of three linear-lanceolate segments, erect, flesh colour; upper lip of the inner limb of the corolla of three erect, unequal segments, the middle one being generally the smallest, and sometimes wanting; sections emarginate, with a deep irregular division ; colour bright scarlet, lower lip narrow, linear, reflexed, bifid at the apex, yellow, with longitudinal scarlet spots; filament small, linear, intire, declined, deep yellow or orange colour, with red lines, anther long-linear, grooved, adhering to the margin near the summit; style erect, spatulate, stigma a white scale. ; OBSERVATIONS. This elegant species of Canna has long been introduced into this country, having been described in the first edition of the Gardener’s Dictionary by Philip Miller, by whom it was cultivated in 1731. That it is a native of America there can be no doubt. Willdenow has remarked, that one of the segments of the corolla is sometimes wanting; but observes, that in this case the rudiment of the segment may generally be found in its place. He distinguishes this species into two varieties, one with a compressed, the other with a trigonous rachis, but I have not met with such distinction. He also observes, that the lower lip is sometimes found entirely scarlet, a variation which seems much more likely to occur than the former. On examining the flower of C. coccinea about three days before it expands, the anther appears intire, resembling a grain of wheat, but more oblong, and the style-in contact with it. In examining it again, the day before expansion, the anther appears burst, and the pollen adhering to the style. The pollen is white, and almost as large as a poppy seed. When the flowers open, the anther is shrivelled and effete. REFERENCES. 1. The three segments of the upper lip of corolla. 2. Filament, anther, style and stigma. 3. Lower lip. 4. Outer limb of corolla. 5. Germen and calyx. 6 & 7. Filament, anther, style and stigma, as they appear before the flower expands. LEL ee CNN OREO TEENA sananrsenecatttl none PaIa scxemnsomen ia — ting, cSt aaa ee Den ae ieee e Sei ee Se dered ~~. Se | aaasermercs cies ouremenernr romaine te CANNA ORIENTALIS. MONANDRIA. MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Guy. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the petal-like filament; style erect, club-shaped ; stigma an obtuse scale; capsule three-celled ; seeds numerous. Spec. Cuar.—Upper lip of the interior limb of corolla in three sections; sections lanceolate, erect, unequal, bidentate at the apex; lower lip bifid ; outer limb of corolla reflexed ; leaves broad-lanceolate ; flowers deep red. Syv.—Katu-bala. Rheed. Hort. Mal. vol. xi. p. 85. tab. 43. Cannacorus. Rumph. Hort. Amb. vol. v. p. 177. tab. T1. fig. 2. Sabbajaya, Sarvajaya. Hind. Colebrooke in Asiat. Res. vol. xi. P822. Sarbajaya. The red variety, Lal sarbajaya. Bengal, ibid. Catubala, Rana celi. Malab. ibid. Danch-tasbih. Malay. ibid. Canna indica. Leaves ovate-lanceolate; segments of the inner border of the corolla lanceolate and bidentate. Roxb. Asiut. Res. vol. xi. p. 322. Flor. Ind. i. p. i. Lal Surva-juya, the red variety. hid. Canna Chinensis, calycis foliolis lanceolatis, acutis, corolla sexpartita, laciniis exterioribus demum reflexis ; foliis ovato-oblongis, utrinque acutis, costatis. Willd: Enum: Berol. tom. i. Dae DESCRIPTION. Root tuberous with many fibres; stems four feet high; leaves alternate, broad-ovate-lanceolate ; petioles caniculated, winged, decurrent ; spike erect; flowers rising from a long green sheath or general bracte ; partial bracte small, cuneate, membranous, deciduous ; calyx superior, persistent, in three equal, lanceolate, acute segments ; outer limb of the corolla in three nearly equal, lanceolate, acute segments, one or more of them generally reflexed, dull red; upper lip of the interior limb in three segments, lanceolate, unequal, emarginate, or bidentate at the apex, bright red; lower lip linear, revolute, bifid, or notched at the apex, yellow with red streaks ; filament smaller than the sections of the corolla, linear, reflexed; anther simple, long, linear, affixed to the margin of the filament ; style erect, spatulate, obtuse ; stigma a scale ; capsule rugose, seeds numerous, black. OBSERVATIONS. This is the Canna of the East Indies, and together with its yellow variety, is, according to Dr. Roxburgh, the only species known in that country. v. Asiat. Res. vol. xi. p- 322. Flor. Ind. vol. i. p. 1. A much finer species has, however, since been discovered in Nipal, which will be found in this work, under the name of Canna. speciosa. That the Canna indica of the East is a very different plant from the Canna indica of the western world is now ascertained beyond a doubt ; and that the latter is the plant known in Europe under that name, may appear from what has been stated in the description of it in the present work. Rumphius also observes, that the plant cultivated in Europe, is said to have been raised from seed brought from the West Indies. ‘ In Europam dicitur hanc plantam fuisse deductam, per semen ex Indiis occidéntalibus.’ Hort. Amb. vol. v. p. 177. That these plants have hitherto been considered as the same species, must, however, be allowed; and the figures and descriptions of Piso and Marcgrave, of Van Rheede and Rumpbius, of Linnzus and Dillenius, of Thunberg and of Sabbati, have been promiscuously referred to, although the plants they describe are essentially and specifically distinct from each other. Even in the last edition of Linnzeus, by Willdenow, we find it stated that the Canna indica, “ habitat inter tropicos Asize Africee et Americ ;” and in the Hort. Kewensis, it is said that it is a native of both Indies. Nor does it appear that any doubt a8 'to'the identity of the eastern’ and western species, has hitherto been entertained. E in Europe by the name of The principal distinctions between the Canna of America, S80 long known 1n Peay , . : ist in the segments of the upper Canna indica, and that of the East Indies, here denominated Canna orientalis, consist in the seg’ pp eee Pe ; in the Canna orientalis lip of the interior limb of the corolla, which, in the Canna indica, are intire and pointed, but in : ° iki distinction are bidentate, or notched. This is also the case in the lower lip, which affords a much more striking dis , as there are scarcely any other species of Canna than the true indica, in which the lip is found intire— The leaves of Canna orientalis are also considerably broader than those of Canna indica, and the habit of the plants, when compared together in a living state, exhibit such a striking difference as immediately to distinguish them, not only as different species, but as each of them included under a different section of the plants of this genus, as regards their general habit ; one of which would include the kindred species of Canna indica, patens, and limbata, the other Canna orientalis, coccinea, pallida, and lutea. This plant (the Canna orientalis) seems to have been well known to Willdenow, who cultivated it in the Royal Garden at Berlin, and has accurately described it in his Enumeratio of the Plants growing there, under the name of Canna chinensis, (vol. i. p. 2.)—He is, however, mistaken in referring it to the Canna indica, (5) var. patens of Aiton, Hort. Kew. vol. i. p. 1. to which he seems to have been led by the reflexed segments of the corolla; not, perhaps, having observed that in his Canna chinensis, it is the segments of the exterior limb, in the patens, those of the interior limb, that are reflexed. The Canna patens of Aiton must, therefore, be excluded as a eynOnita for this plant; the very general dispersion of which through the Kast has induced us to adopt the present appellation, in preference to the more local one of Chinensis, even on the authority of Willdenow himself; ‘habitat in India orientali.” Enum. Berol. vol. i. p. 2. The mistake of Willdenow, in citing the Canna patens as a synonim for his Canna chinensis, seems to have been followed by Roemer and Schultes, who, in their last edition of Linnzeus, have cited the Canna chinensis of Willdenow as their Canna patens; although it is wholly different in those characters on which the species of this numerous genus principally depend; in particular, the segments of the interior limb in the patens are intire, in the chinensis they are cloven or notched ; in the patens it is only the sections of the inner limb of the corolla that are reflexed, or rather slightly revolute; in the chinensis it is the sections of the outer limb that are reflexed, or bent directly backwards ; a circumstance which does not, however, always occur in the young flowers, and which justifies the cautious expression of Willdenow, “ laciniis exterioribus demum reflexis.” The peculiarities adverted to in the Canna orientalis, are sufficiently shewn in the figure of the flower in the Hort. Mal. of Van Rheede, of which the following is a copy :— a. Segment of the upper lip of interior limb of the corolla. b. Lower lip of corolla. c. Segment of exterior limb of corolla, reflexed. REFERENCES. . Sections of upper lip of interior limb of corolla. . Filament and anther, style and stigma. Lip. . Exterior limb of corolla. . Germen and calyx. aa Fo Yr . Filament, anther, style, and stigma, before the flower unfold 2 S. 4 Pins See! wits CANNA ORIENTALIS. VAR. FLAVA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANNE. Gen. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the petal-like filament ; style erect, club-shaped ; stigma an obscure scale ; capsule three-celled, seeds numerous, globular. Spec. Cuar.—Upper lip of the interior limb in three sections; sections bidentate, lower lip bifid; outer limb of corolla reflexed, leaves broad-lanceolate, flowers yellow. Syy.—Shweta Surva-juya. Roxb. Flor. Ind. vol. i. pele Canna indica, yellow variety. Ibid. DESCRIPTION. Roots tuberous; stem from three to four feet high, smooth ; leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, undulate, pale green, on caniculated petioles; spike lax, few-flowered ; calyx of three lanceolate segments, glaucous; exterior limb of corolla in three segments, lanceolate-acute, yellowish at the base, green towards the apex, one or more of the segments reflexed as the flower approaches to maturity ; upper lip of the interior limb in three segments, lanceolate, unequal, emarginate or bidentate, yellow ; lip linear, bidentate, revolute, pale-yellow ; filament linear, intire, declined at the apex, yellow; anther an oblong brown scale, attached to the margin of the filament, style club-shaped, pallid; stigma an obscure scale. Germen rugose ; seeds numerous. OBSERVATIONS. Although the principal distinction between this plant and the preceding (Canna orientalis) consists in colour only, yet as the figure now given is from a fine living specimen, and has not before been published, we have thought it might not be unacceptable ; particularly as it tends to confirm the distinction we have ventured to make, between the Canna indica of the East and the West Indies, and at the same time, to confirm the suggestion of Dr. Roxburgh, who, in Asiat. Res. v. xi. p. 322, and Flor. Ind. v. i. p- 1, has observed, that “ the parts of the corolla are exactly alike in both varieties,” and that “the Canna lutea of Roscoe, (Lin. Trans. vol. viii. P- 338.) must, therefore, be different, as in that the inner limb of the corolla is bifid,” which suggestion will be confirmed by comparing the present figure with that of the Canna lutea, as given in the present work. This plant was raised in the Liverpool Botanic Garden, from seeds sent from the East Indies, in 1819. REFERENCES. . Intire flower. . Segments of the upper lip of interior limb of corolla. . Filament and anther, style and stigma. Lip. . Exterior limb of corolla. Pe po Or QD . Germen and calyx. CANNA IRIDIFLORA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANNE. Gey. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the filament; style erect, spatulate, or club-shaped ; stigma an obtuse scale; capsule three-celled ; seeds numerous. Spec. Cuar.—Spike terminal, pendulous; leaves broad-lanceolate, downy below; flowers long, tubular; upper lip in three sections, ovate, undulate, crenate ; lower lip bilobate, revolute; style spatulate, gibbous ; capsule large, oblong, sub-trigonous, rugose; seeds large, ovate, black. Syy.—Canna iridiflora, Ruiz § Pavon. Flora Peru. y. i. fig. 1. ap. Roemer § Schultes, No. 7. Bot. Reg. 609. Loddiges’ Bot. Cab. No. 905. Bot. Mag. No. 1968. DESCRIPTION. Root fibrous; stems many from the same root, about ten feet high, erect, compressed; leaves deeply channelled, with numerous parallel veins from the middle rib to the margin, bright green, smooth, but not shining above, the lower surface and the sheath having a slight yellow tomentum, edges membranous; upper leaf ovate, acuminate, stem clasping ; spikes numerous, from the top of the stem, nodding; rachis triangular; pedicels about the length of the germen, solitary; outer bracte very long, erect, acute, one at the base of each spike, which unsheaths before evolution, persisting ; inner bracte a small ovate, persisting scale and lateral filament at the base of each pedicel; calyx three-phyllous, ovate-lanceolate, acute, coloured, persisting ; corolla about six inches long, bright, rose-coloured, lighter and mottled on the outside of the tube; outer limb straight, nearly as long as the filament when revolute, of a deeper and more purple colour than the inner limb, three-cleft, segments lanceolate, acuminate, involute, converging; inner limb three-cleft, segments obovate, spreading, crenate, undulate, connected to each other and to the outer limb at unequal heights; lip reflected, resembling one of the segments of the inner limb of the corolla ; filament petaloid, revolute, of bright rose-colour, as well as the lip spotted with yellow near the base ; anther adhering only at the base, slender, equal in length to the revolute portion of the filament when this is stretched out; style spatulate, gibbous on one edge, yellow spotted with rose-colour ; stigma terminal, and extending along the gibbous edge of the style till this becomes narrower ; capsule three-sided, slightly falcate, densely covered with acuminate warts, which are at first green, afterwards yellow, and, acquiring a dark brown colour, fall off as the seeds ripen, leaving the capsule thin and membranous, with strong longitudinal nerves, intersected at right angles with more slender veins; seeds oblong, large, nearly black, very numerous, attached obliquely among yellow tomentum to the columella in one line, but pushing each other aside so as to give the appearance of two or three rows in each loculament. OBSERVATIONS. - This, by far the most splendid Canna known, has produced a succession of flowers in the Botanic Garden at Edinburgh, during the whole months of February and March, and has ripened abundance of seed. It was planted in rich light loam, grew as readily as any of the species, and might ‘probably even exceed ten feet high, if encouraged by abundance of pot room. It requires a very great degree of heat to perfect its flowering.—R. G. For the fine drawing of this beautiful plant, which, although in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, has not yet flowered there, I am indebted to the accurate pencil of Dr. R. K. Greville, of Edinburgh, author of the “ Flora n which accompanies it, to Dr. Robert Graham, Edinensis,? and “ Scottish Cryptogamic Flora ; * and for the descriptio Professor of Botany in the University there. Their united efforts have precluded the nece and supplied me with one of the chief ornaments of my present work. ssity of further remarks, REFERENCES. Outer limb of the corolla, calyx, germen, and upper part of the pedicel. . Flower, with outer limb of the corolla torn off at its insertions. ne terminating the style, and extending along _ . ~ Lip, stamen, style, and stigma; the stigma is the brown li point seen in the drawing, over the base of the anther. ge its gibbous edge to that prominent Capsule, showing its trigonous form, the insertion of the dissepiments into the centre of its three valves, the manner of bursting at the sutures, the crowding of the seeds, the tomentum at their insertion, > and the reticulated appearance of the inner surface. . Ripe seeds. a is the point of their insertion. All of natural size. i ja7 ‘x 5 WO}. ** CANNA CARNEA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I CANN. Guy. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the petal-like filament; style erect, club-shaped ; stigma an obtuse scale; capsule three-celled ; seeds globose, numerous. Sprc. Cuar.—Spike inclined ; upper lip of the interior limb of corolla in two sections, lanceolate, involute at the margins, intire, acute, nearly equal, on long claws; lip linear, intire, revolute, leaves broad-ovate, with a red line in the middle. DESCRIPTION. Stem three to four feet high, solid, having a swollen joint at every six or eight inches, covered with the sheathing base of the leaves; leaves alternate, broad-lanceolate, smooth on both sides, membranous on the margin, with a red or purple tinge on each side of the mid-rib on the upper surface of the leaves; petioles and sheathing slightly covered with a deciduous down; general bracte long-lanceolate, green, deciduous, inclosing the spike ; floral bractes ovate, coriaceous, glaucous, triflorous ; spike terminal, inclined; rachis triangular ; calyx superior, persistent, in three equal segments, acute, coloured at the points; outer limb of corolla in three lanceolate, erect, nearly equal segments, pale yellow ; interior segments on a long channelled claw, lanceolate, intire, acute, somewhat incurved, pale red or flesh colour; lip narrow, linear, intire at the apex, revolute ; filament short, apex revolute, anther near the apex; style very long, linear, left margin incrassated; stigma a long fleshy scale. OBSERVATIONS. This plant approximates to the larger species of Canna lately introduced from the Brazils, but is extremely distinct from any before known. It flowered for the first time in England, in the Conservatory of Arnold Harrison, Esq. at Aighburgh, near Liverpool; having been sent to Mrs. Harrison, by her brother Mr. William Harrison, from Rio de Janeiro. REFERENCES. _ . Intire flower. 2. The two sections of the upper lip of interior limb of corolla. 3. Lower lip. 4, Filament, anther, style, and stigma. 5. Outer limb of corolla. 6. Calyx and germen. 7. Floral bracte. CANNA LANUGINOSA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Gey. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the filament; style erect, club-shaped ; stigma an obtuse scale; capsule three-celled ; seeds numerous. Spec. Cuar.—Upper lip of the inner limb of corolla in two sections; sections emarginate; lower lip intire; stem lanuginose. DESCRIPTION. Roots fibrous; stem herbaceous, erect, 5—6 feet high, thickly covered, particularly towards the base, with a permanent woolly substance; leaves alternate, lanceolate-acute, with membranous edges; petioles sheathing, downy; general bracte a green lanceolate membranous sheath; spike terminal, erect; flowers in pairs; floral bractes ovate, oblique, membranous, coloured, marcescent; calyx of three leaflets, superior, pale pink; corolla with a double limb; outer limb in three segments, nearly equal, lanceolate, broad at the base, but acutely pointed at the apex, involute, converging, pink colour; inner limb with a double lip, bright scarlet, upper lip in two lanceolate segments, of very unequal size, the smaller frequently emarginate; lower lip linear- lanceolate, intire at the apex; filament lanceolate, revolute; anther long, linear; style long, linear, coloured; stigma obtuse; germen ovate, rugose. OBSERVATIONS. A very distinct species of this numerous genus, not hitherto either figured or described. It was raised from seeds sent to the Botanic Garden in Liverpool, by Robert Hesketh, Esq. from Maranham, in 1823. REFERENCES. 1. Segments of upper lip of interior limb of corolla. 2. Lower lip. 3. Filament, anther, style and stigma. 4. Exterior limb of corolla. 5. Germen and calyx. 6. Anther and style, before expansion of the flowers. i: os setceserettor sEeoAiee segs tine a set : { ~ pe ‘ « am ines os oni - : ri ‘ ze t ~* ‘ . r =i 3 : 4 < ere , j a 3 % “ ie et , ' ick . - rs ‘ : ' ; fs ete alll 3S, a « a F : . toapee eae orga eae wee TI CANNA SPECIOSA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Gey. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the petal-like filament; style erect, club-shaped; stigma an obtuse scale ; capsule three-celled ; seeds numerous, globose. Spec. Cuar.—Spike erect ; upper lip of the corolla in two sections; sections ovate, deeply bifid; claws long, narrow ; lower lip narrow, linear, notched at the apex, declined towards the right; leaves broad- lanceolate, strongly nerved. Syy.—Canna speciosa. Sprengel Syst. Veg. i. 7. DESCRIPTION. Root tuberous, spreading to a great distance; stem 5-6 feet high, smooth; petioles decurrent, sheathing the stem; leaves alternate, broad-lanceolate, very strongly ribbed; spike erect, compact; flowers long, linear, erect, of a bright crimson colour; common bracte or spatha very large, coriaceous, green, with a red or purple margin, and thinly covered with a white farinaceous powder; proper bracte membranous, deciduous, powdered ; calyx in three lanceolate, acute, nearly equal segments, bright red; corolla tubular, with a double border or limb; outer limb in three nearly equal, lanceolate segments, of a deep red colour; inner limb divided into an upper and lower lip; the upper lip deeply divided into two unequal segments, resembling two distinct petals, each of them deeply notched at the margin, bright red, and terminated at the base in long attenuated yellow claws; lower lip shorter than the upper, narrow, linear, and slightly notched, yellow at the base, and red towards the apex, declining towards the right hand when seen in front of the flower; filament linear, reflexed at the apex, yellow and red; anther long, ovate, grooved, attached to the margin of the filament; style rather small, spatulate ; stigma an obtuse scale. OBSERVATIONS. Seeds of this very ornamental species of Canna, were brought from Africa to the Botanic Garden in Liverpool, in 1819; since which, roots of the same were received from Dr. Wallich, of Calcutta, who discovered the plant growing in Napal. It flowers freely during the summer season, and from the peciliar brilliancy of its colours, is deserving of a place in any collection. REFERENCES. . Filament, anther, style and stigma, before the flower opens. . The two upper sections of the inner limb of corolla. . Lower section or lip. . Filament, anther and style of a perfect flower. . The outer limb of corolla. Dan f& © HW . Germen and calyx. CANNA LUTEA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. SCITAMINE. Gry. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the filament; style erect, club-shaped; stigma an obtuse scale ; capsule three-celled ; seeds numerous, globose. Spec. Cuar.—Spike erect ; upper lip in two sections, emarginate, or slightly bifid; lower lip revolute, notched ; leaves broad-lanceolate, strongly ribbed with a white membranous margin ; flowers yellow. Syy.—Canna lutea. Corolle limbo interiori bifido. Roscoe, in Trans. Lin. Soc. viii. 338. Canna lutea. Corolle limbo interiori bifido. Hort. Kew. Ed. alt. i. p22: Canna lutea. Yellow Indian reed. Bot. Mag. No. 2085. Canna lutea. Roemer § Schultes, i. 12. Canna lutea, @ Cannee Indice varietate luted, a limbi interioris labio superiore bipartito prima Sronte dignoscenda. Bot. Reg. No. 773. Canna lutea. Sprengel Syst. Veg. i. 7. DESCRIPTION. Roots tuberous, with long fibres; stems erect, simple, smooth, 3—4 feet high; leaves alternate, broad- — lanceolate, undulate, lower ones 12-14 inches long, by 5-6 broad, strongly ribbed, with a white membranous margin ; petioles 2-3 inches long, channelled, decurrent, pale green and smooth on both sides ; general bracte coriaceous, the place of it sometimes supplied by a floral leaf; calyx in three short, lanceolate, striated segments, green; rachis triangular, smooth; outer limb of corolla in three lanceolate segments, erect, pale yellow; upper lip of inner limb in two segments, segments unequal, ovate, emarginate, bifid with a short pallid claw ; lower lip linear, revolute, notched at the apex; filament lanceolate, intire, declined at the apex; anther oblong, grooved, and placed towards the apex of the filament ; style erect, spatulate; stigma a scale ; capsule ovate, muricate. OBSERVATIONS. We have already adverted, in our description of the yellow variety of Canna orientalis, to the remark: of Dy. Roxburgh, that “ the present plant must be different from that variety, as in this the inner limb of the corolla is bifid.” To which it may be added, that in this, the exterior limb of the corolla is erect and converging, whilst in the variety of the Orientalis it is generally reflexed; distinctions which will henceforth sufficiently serve to prevent these two very different species from being mistaken for each other. In the first edition of the Hort. Kew. (1789) this plant was considered as a variety of the Canna Indica, but in the second edition (1810) the distinction given in Lin. Trans. vol. viii. p 338, is adopted, and it is given as a distinct species. The reference in Lin. Trans. to C. Indica, (var. 8.) lutea, in Hort. Kew. should however, be excluded, according to the remark in Bot. Reg. p. 772; as it seems to have led to the idea, that this and the yellow variety of the C. Indica (figured in this work as C. orientalis, var. flava,) were considered as the same plant. The suggestion in the Bot. Reg. No. 773, that this plant is a native of South America, is most likely well founded. The observations on the figure of this plant, given in Curt. Bot. Mag. No. 2085, are perfectly satisfactory, and may, moreover, be consulted with advantage, as throwing a clear light on this now very numerous genus. The plant in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, from which the present figure was drawn, was obligingly communicated some years since, by the Right Hon. the Earl of Mountnorris. REFERENCES. . Intire flower. —_ 2. The two upper sections of inner limb of corolla. 3. Filament, anther, style and stigma. 4. Lip. 5. Outer limb of corolla. 6. Germen and calyx. Sees Meenas. eo CANNA PALLIDA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANNE. Gey. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the filament ; style erect, club-shaped; stigma a scale; seeds globose, numerous. Spuc. Cuar.—Leaves lanceolate ; outer limb of the corolla in three sections, blunt ; upper lip of the interior limb of the corolla in two sections, sections lanceolate, emarginate; lower lip revolute, bifid; style broad, stem, petioles, and general bractes downy ; flowers pale yellow, with orange spots. DESCRIPTION. Root somewhat tuberous; stem from two and a half to three feet high, covered with a slight down; leaves alternate, lanceolate, rather glaucous, margins membranous ; petioles sheathing the stem, and covered with a dense down or nap; common bractes of one leaf, purple, sprinkled with a fine white flour or dust; inner bracte cuneate ; calyx in three equal segments; outer limb of the corolla in three lanceolate, erect, equal, blunt, yellow, or lemon-coloured segments; inner limb, upper lip in two segments, nearly equal, lanceolate, emarginate, yellow, with orange spots; lower lip linear, revolute, spotted, bifid at the apex; filament narrow, linear, revolute, spotted ; anther single, grooved, adhering to the margin, towards the point of the filament ; style large, spatulate, blunt ; stigma an obscure scale ; seeds numerous, round. OBSERVATIONS. A West India species, sent by Lord Suarorrn, from Barbadoes, to the Botanic Garden, in Liverpool, and hitherto undescribed. Strongly characterised by its glaucous and downy habit. REFERENCES. 1. Upper segments of the interior limb of corolla. 2, Filament, anther, style, and stigma. 3. Lip. 4 . Exterior limb of corolla. or Germen and calyx. adilienes ce Wr rtes rng a HRT ra Faas ae ee - . 4 ‘ ai i Seen Ria an fe SRA APOE SL MERE TEN a il Bans Sepa eee z NIN eas a ba ay A enn ee nn mal mt Sad CANNA AURANTIACA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. ‘Gey. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the petal-like filament; style erect, club-shaped ; stigma an obtuse scale; seeds numerous. Spec. Cuar.—Upper lip of interior limb in two sections; sections ovate, bifid at the apex, nearly equal; spike loose, few flowered. DESCRIPTION. Roots tuberous, running horizontally, about the thickness of a man’s finger; stem erect, from 4 to 6 feet high ; leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, undulate at the margin, pale green, with decurrent petioles sheathing the stem; general bracte deciduous, or supplied by a floral leaf; floral bracte an ovate membranous scale; calyx of three acute, lanceolate segments; outer limb of corolla of three long, lanceolate, pale pink-coloured segments ; upper lip of the inner limb in two segments, ovate, emarginate, nearly equal, deep orange; lower lip narrow, linear, emarginate, yellow, with orange spots, declined; filament linear, intire; anther adhering to the margin of the filament, near the apex, grooved, and resembling a grain of wheat; style club-shaped, erect, orange colour ; stigma an obscure scale. OBSERVATIONS. The seeds of this hitherto undescribed species of Canna, were sent from Brazil by William Swainson, Esq. in the year 1819, to the Botanic Garden in Liverpool, where the plants have since regularly flowered. It is one of the more showy of the species, and from its tall growth and tuberous roots, appears to be allied to the esculent tribes of this genus, which are peculiar to the tropical parts of South America. REFERENCES. 1. The two sections of the interior limb of corolla. 2. Filament, anther, and style. 3. Lower lip. . Outer limb of corolla. io 5. Germen and calyx. 6. Anther, style and stigma, before the expansion of the flower. Cte ‘ - i \ | rz i : i ' a w : | a7 ~ a } | c j | CANNA DENUDATA. VAR. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANNE. Gen. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the filament; style erect, club-shaped ; stigma obtuse ; capsule three-celled ; seeds numerous. Spec. Cuar.—Upper lip of the interior limb of corolla wanting; lower lip erect, spatulate, intire; leaves broad- lanceolate-acute, margins membranous, coloured. DESCRIPTION. Roots perennial, tuberous, stoloniferous, with long cord-like fibres; stems herbaceous, smooth, from ten to twelve feet high; leaves alternate, two feet long, broad-lanceolate-acute, equilateral, strongly ribbed, smooth on both sides, with a membranous purple margin; petioles concave, sheathing, with a coloured margin ;_ spike terminal; flowers erect, alternate, bifarious ; general bracte green ; partial bracte biflorous, green, margins purple ; calyx of three lanceolate-acute, unequal segments; exterior limb of the corolla in three unequal segments, the central one the shortest, and frequently reflexed ; upper lip of the interior limb wanting ; lower lip broad, spatulate, intire; filament resembling the lip in shape and colour, and both of them rolled in at the base, so as to form the faux of the flower, which is beautifully spotted with red on an orange ground; style nearly the length of the filament; flowers bright orange. OBSERVATIONS. Although this may be considered as only a variety of the denudata, it is a much larger and finer plant, not yielding in splendor of appearance to many of the genus. It is a native of Rio de Janciro, and was sent by Messrs. Lopprers, of Hackney, to the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, where it has frequently flowered. REFERENCES. 1. Interior limb of corolla. 2. Filament and style. 3. Lip. 4. Exterior limb of corolla. 5. . Germen and calyx. CANNA DENUDATA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Gey. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the filament ; style erect, club-shaped ; stigma obtuse ; capsule three-celled ; seeds numerous. Srxc. Cuar.—Upper lip of the interior limb of corolla wanting ; lower lip erect, lanceolate, intire; leaves linear- lanceolate. DESCRIPTION. Roots fibrous and woody; stem slender, smooth, from three to four feet high ; leaves alternate, linear- lanceolate, on short petioles, strongly nerved ; general bracte coriaceous, smooth ; partial bracte short, deciduous ; spike loose ; calyx of three lanceolate green segments ; exterior limb of the corolla in three unequal segments, the middle one the smallest, and frequently reflexed; upper lip of the interior limb wanting; lower lip long, linear, intire at the apex, and broader towards the base ; filament petal-like, intire, as long as, and resembling the lip in shape and colour, forming with it the appearance of a corolla of two petals; anther linear, slender ; style spatulate, pallid, shorter than the filament ; flowers bright red. OBSERVATIONS. This very singular species of Canna, now first figured, was introduced into the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, from the Royal Gardens at Kew, under the name of Canna Gigantea, in October 1820, and has since flowered there several times, maintaining the same constant character, in wanting the sections of the upper lip of the corolla, the appearance of which is supplied by the size and brilliancy of the other parts. It is also sufficiently distinguished from the other species by its frutricose habit, and its long, linear, ribbed, coriaceous leaves. REFERENCES. 1. Intire flower. 2. Outer limb of corolla. 3. Filament, anther, style, and stigma. 4. Germen and calyx. 5. Lip. RE ore Aasy nia snd, aed MARANTA ARUNDINACEA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANNE. Gen. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the petal-like filament; style tubular; stigma deflexed, trilobate ; capsule ovate; seed rugose, single. Spec. Cuar.—Root long, tuberous, farinaceous ; stem radical, herbaceous, downy, deciduous ; leaves lanceolate-acute, inzequilateral, slightly downy on both the upper and under surface; petioles of the lower leaves long, with a paler ganglion ;_ seed single, rugose. Syy.—Canna Indica, radice alba alexipharmica, Sloane Jam. 22, par. 1, Pp. 253, tab. 149, fig. 2. Maranta arundinacea, Lin. Willd. 1, 13. Roemer & Schultes. Maranta, sp. 1. Maranta arundinacea, Smith, in Rees’ Cyclopedia. Maranta arundinacea, Sims, Bot. Mag. No. 2307. DESCRIPTION. Root tuberous, succulent, tapering towards the stem, frequently six inches long, covered with large scales ; stems rising from the smaller end of the tuberous root, erect, herbaceous, 4—5 feet high, slightly covered with a soft down ; leaves alternate, broad-lanceolate-acute, frequently cordate at the base, ineequilateral, sericeous or downy on both sides; petioles of the lower leaves long, terminating next the leaf in a pallid ganglion ; branches dividing in pairs jointed at every division; panicle terminal, dichotomous; peduncles in pairs, downy, declined; common bracte linear-lanceolate, slightly hairy, grooved or striated, green; inner bracte lanceolate, membranous; calyx in three deep, lanceolate, equal segments; corolla in two limbs; outer limb in three segments, equal, ovate, intire, obtuse ; inner limb in three segments, two upper segments erect, equal, ovate, intire; lower segment or lip ovate, slightly bifid, the whole corolla pure white; filament erect, petal-like, hooded, before impregnation covering the style; anther attached to the margin of the filament, single; style tubular, compressed, recurved; stigma ringent, three-lobed ; capsule ovate, hairy, one-celled ; seed single, angular, rugose, perforated with cavities. OBSERVATIONS. Considerable difficulty has arisen in distinguishing the true arundinacea from another species nearly allied to it, and which also produces the valuable farinaceous substance called arrow-root. Both these species are grown in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, where they have flowered, and ripened their seeds. In order to distinguish them, it may be sufficient to observe, that the lower leaves of the arundinacea are broad, and frequently cordate towards the base, tapering towards the extremity, and terminating in a sharp point; those of the other species are longer, inclined to a linear shape, and terminating more obtusely. All the leaves of the former are downy on both sides, whilst those of the latter are smooth, except a line of thin hairs on each side of the mid-rib, on the under side of the leaf. In the former the ganglions are paler than the petiole; in the latter they are darker, and of a dusky brown. ‘The filament is also broader in the latter species, and the corolla is larger on the whole. After these striking discrepancies, it is not possible they should be again confounded. The MV. arundinacea appears to be the plant described by Sloane, but not that of Martyn, Pl. Rar. Dec. iv. p. 39. which, from the following passage, is most probably our latter species. After observing that his plant was brought from La Vera Crux, by Houston, to the Chelsea Garden, he adds, “ Huic persimilis esse videtur, atque eadem forsan judicanda planta, quam in Historia sua Canne Indicoe nomine, radice alexipharmica descripsit Clarissimus Sloaneus. Illa enim in Horto Chelseyano florens, se ad Marante genus pertinere confirmavit. Flores autem minores et pauciores quam in Houstoni planta conspiciunter. Si vero, ut judicare quidem fas est, hee planta inter se specie non differant, &c.” That they are specifically different is, however, evident from the foregoing remarks; and as Martyn has not observed any down on the leaves of his plant, (a circumstance too remarkable to have been omitted in his description,) this may be taken as an additional proof that his plant is noé the true arundinacea. According to Sloane, the present plant was first brought to J amaica and the Caribbean Islands from Dominica. It is undoubtedly a native of the tropical parts of America, and is not even enumerated in the Mora Indica of Dr. Roxburgh. The arrow-root of the East is the Curcuma. The following account of the cultivation and preparation of the arrow-root, is given from the late Dr. William Wright’s Plants of Jamaica; the original unpublished MS. of which is in the Library of the Botanic Garden at Liverpool. « Indian arrow-root is cultivated in enclosed fields. After being ten or twelve months planted, it is dug up. The larger roots are selected for use, and the smaller again planted for a future crop. « The roots are white, jointed, of the thickness of a man’s finger, and from four to eight inches long. These roots, being washed, are beaten in large, deep, wooden mortars, then thrown into a tub of clear water, and well stirred. The milky liquor is passed through a hair sieve, and the fibrous part thrown away. In about an hour, the amylaceous matter subsides ; the clear water is drained off, and more fresh water added, which being afterwards poured off, the white mass is taken out, and dried in the sun. One-half the weight of these roots is pure starch.” Iam informed by my friend Dr. Traill, that by the Indians of Guiana it is called arri, or arree, whence probably the name of arrow-root. REFERENCES. 1. The flower intire. 2. Calyx. Filament, anther, and style. Po . Style and stigma separate. or . Seed-vessel. 6. Seed. MARANTA INDICA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Guy. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the filament; style tubular, reflexed; stigma perforate, trilobate at the apex; seed single. Sruc. Cuar.—Root tuberous, farinaceous; stem perennial ; branches dichotomous; leaves linear-lanceolate, smooth on both sides, except a villous line on each side the mid-rib beneath; petioles long, connected with the leaf by a dusky ganglion. Syx.—Maranta Arundinacea, Cannacori folio. Plum. Gen. 16. Maranta Arundinacea. Martyn, Cent. iv. p. 39. Maranta Arundinacea. Aublet, v. i. p. 3. Maranta Sylvatica. Roscoe, in Trans. Lin. Soc. y. viii. p. 340. Maranta Sylvatica. Smith, in Rees’ Cyclop. Maranta Indica de Tussac ? Ap. Roemer § Schultes, vol. i. p. 14. No. 2. DESCRIPTION. Root tuberous, long, fusiform, squamose ; stem perennial, cylindrical, smooth, with dichotomous branches ; petioles long, terminating at the leaf with a dusky ganglion; leaves a fine green, ovate, or slightly cordate at the base, linear-lanceolate, smooth on both sides, except a line of very slight hairs on each side the mid-rib below; calyx in three lanceolate leaves, equal; flowers in pairs, large, pure white; corolla with a double limb, outer limb in three segments, segments obtuse, intire, equal, inner limb in three segments, two upper segments equal, ovate, intire; lower segment or lip broad-ovate, slightly divided into two obtuse lobes; filament broad, hooded; anther single, oblong, closely attached, sometimes on the right, and at others on the left margin of the filament; style tubular, recurved ; stigma ringent, three-lobed ; capsule ovate, one-seeded ; seed perforated. OBSERVATIONS. We consider this to be the plant said by Martin, to have been discovered by Houston at La Vera Cruz, and sent to the Botanic Garden at Chelsea; and also the plant of Plumier, before referred to; whose drawing, of which an outline is now before us, represents the leaf as villous on each side the lower mid- rib only; by which it is distinguished from the Arundinacea, the leaves of which are downy on both sides. It is also of a loftier growth than the Arundinacea, frequently rising to six feet high. This species produces also the farinaceous substance called arrow-root, and is said to be cultivated even more extensively than the Arundinacea for that purpose, in several of the West India Islands. The plant in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, from which the present figure was drawn, was sent by Lord Seaforth from Barbadoes, in 1813. It has also been received there from St. Vincent’s. There is also in the Liverpool Garden, a variety of this species with purple stems, and the mid-rib of the leaf purple beneath. The squamz of the root are also purple. ‘This variety was sent from Trinidad by C. S. Parker, Esq. The Maranta Indica is said by Roemer and Schultes to have been brought from the East Indies, through England, into Aanericae but it does not appear in the Flora Indica of Dr. Roxburgh, where not a single Maranta is enumerated; and is most probably a native of the western hemisphere. These observations will sufficiently answer the question proposed by Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. v. i. p. 16. REFERENCES. 1. Intire flower. 2. Filament and anther. 3. Style and stigma. C2 Maran Sa! Li a ment en ee eee MARANTA DIVARICATA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANNE. Gry. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the petal-like filament; style tubular, reflexed ; stigma trilobate ; capsule ovate ; seed single. Spec. Cuar.—Stem herbaceous, erect, with dichotomous branches, and alternate bractes or sheaths coloured at the apex ; leaves alternate, broad-lanceolate-acute, ineequilateral, glaucous below. DESCRIPTION. Roots fibrous, culm herbaceous, erect, with branches diverging almost at right angles from the stem, which is distantly imbricated with ascending bractes or scales, each terminating in an obtuse pink-coloured apex; leaves - alternate, broad-lanceolate, acute at the apex, obtuse, and somewhat cordate at the base, with a villous mid-rib below, strongly nerved, dark green above, glaucous below ; petioles with a short, villous ganglion, and a long decurrent sheath; panicle rising laterally from the axil of the leaves, long, slender, and terminating in dichotomous peduncles; calyx superior, of three equal, lanceolate segments, green; corolla tubular, outer: limb in three segments, ovate, equal, intire, pure white, inner limb in three segments, two of them lateral, equal, ovate; the third section, or lip, rather larger, and slightly notched at the apex; anther ovate, attached by a short subulate stamen to the margin of a hooded petal-like filament ; style tubular, connate with the filament, revolute ; stigma obtusely three-lobed ; germen ovate, villous; seed single, gibbous. OBSERVATIONS. A new and very distinct species of Maranta, readily known by its imbricated stem and lateral dichotomous shoots, from which we have given it the name of divaricata. It was raised from seeds sent from the Brazils by Mr. William Harrison, and first flowered in the Conservatory of Arnold Harrison, Esq. at Aighburgh, near Liverpool, in September 1825; from which plant, apparently a very young one, the present figure was taken. The flowers were of very short duration, and did not produce seeds; but the three-lobed stigma, and the one-celled germen, sufficiently distinguish its genus from Phrynium, with which alone it could be confounded. REFERENCES. 1. Intire flower, natural size. 2 & 3. Different views of the filament, anther, style and stigma, magnified. ¥ %, TI eee ee ye 3% MARANTA DIVARICATA. VAR. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Gen. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the petal-like filament; style tubular, revolute ; stigma trilobate ; capsule ovate; seed single. Srrc. Cuar.—Stem herbaceous, imbricated, lateral branches dichotomous; leaves purple below, and on the mid-rib above. DESCRIPTION. Roots fibrous; stem herbaceous, succulent, erect, imbricated with long alternate bractes or scales, terminating in an obtuse apex, of a purple colour; lateral branches diverging from the principal stem in pairs, and covered with similar scales; leaves alternate, broad-lanceolate-acute, cordate at the base, and of a deep purple colour below ; petioles purple, terminating in a green villous ganglion; panicles long, slender, supporting several pairs of white flowers, with a long villous bracte to each pair; calyx superior, of three equal lanceolate segments, green; corolla tubular, outer limb in three segments, ovate, equal, intire; inner limb in three segments; lateral segments intire, ovate, equal, the third section or lip larger, ovate, intire, or slightly lobed at the apex; filament, anther, style and stigma, as in the genus; seed-vessel a succulent, pear-shaped capsule, with a single, gibbous seed, perforated with cavities, which contain the embryo. OBSERVATIONS. Although this plant differs but little in conformation from that which we consider as the original species, yet its diversity in colour, its larger growth, and its having flowered and ripened its seeds in Europe, have induced us to give a figure of it. Like the former, it was sent from the Brazils by Mr. William Harrison, and flowered in the Conservatory of Arnold Harrison, Esq. at Aighburgh, to whose kindness we are indebted for the opportunity of making the present drawing. REFERENCES. 1, 2, 3. Different views of the filament, anther, style and stigma, magnified. . Panicle and capsules, crowned with the permanent calyx. . Capsule opened longitudinally. . Seed. . Ditto, cut transversely, to show the cavities. oO Sv =I . Ditto, cut longitudinally. oO oO . Embryo. MARANTA GIBBA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ee a SECT. I. CANNE. Gey. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the petal-like filament ; style tubular, depressed ; stigma perforate ; corolla trifid ; capsule ovate; seed single. Spec. Coar.—Root fibrous ; stems shrubby, dichotomous ; leaves alternate, cordate-lanceolate, equilateral, smooth ; petioles short, ganglionated, hairy ; seed gibbous. Syx.—Maranta gibba. Sir J. E. Smith, in Rees’ New Cyclop. DESCRIPTION. Roots perennial, creeping, somewhat woody ; stem fruticose, ramose, downy when young; branches dividing in pairs, jointed at every division, joints hairy ; leaves alternate, cordate-lanceolate, acute, smooth on both sides ; sheaths of the leaves closely embracing the stem, slightly villous ; petioles ganglionated, hairy, very short in the upper leaves, but longer below ; panicle terminal ; flowers in pairs; common bractes linear-lanceolate, concave, smooth; inner bractes linear concave, membranous ; calyx of three lanceolate segments ; peduncle ganglionated ; corolla monopetalous in two limbs; outer limb in three segments, equal, ovate, intire, white; inner limb in three sections, unequal ; the upper sections ovate, erect; the lower section or lip slightly bifid, pure white; filament petal-like, erect, on a short claw, ovate, hooded ; anther single, attached to the margin of the filament ; style tubular, recurved ; stigma ringent ; capsule ovate; seed single, ovate, rugose, gibbous on one side, perforated within by a cavity which contains the germ or radicle. OBSERVATIONS. A native of Barbadoes, and sent by the Earl of Seaforth, when Governor of that Island, to the Botanic Garden in Liverpool. Although nearly resembling in appearance the Maranta Arundinacea, or Arrow Root, it does not possess any of the nutricious qualities of that useful plant. It is observable, that in the lower flower, the anther is usually attached to the left, in the higher to the right hand side of the filament. It may also be worthy of remark, that the anther bearing margin is thickened downward to the germen, by a concealed filament, which is sometimes detached when it approaches the anther; which may perhaps have given occasion to describe it as “ filamentum bifidum, hinc antheriferum, inde stylum filiformen involvens.” Plum. ap. Meyer, Flor. Essequib. p- 11. An account of this plant was first given in Rees’s New Cyclopzedia, by Sir J. E. Smith, from the living plant in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, in the year 1808; but we belie has yet been published. ve this is the only figure of it that REFERENCES. 1. Calyx and peduncle. 2. Flower and capsules. 3. Lip of the corolla. 4. Style and stigma. . 5 & 6. Anther, and hooded filament. 7. Capsule open. 8. Seed. FS PARTE eh PER ee 2 en. + aren Rage ‘. “a a os a ett MARANTA TONCHAT. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Guy. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the petal-like filament; style tubular, revolute; stigma trilobate; capsule ovate, one-celled; seed single, triangular, rugose. Srec. Cuar.—Stems fruticose, jointed, erect, compressed ; branches dichotomous, hirsute; leaves ovate-lanceolate, on ; short, ganglionated petioles, smooth on both sides, inzequilateral ; capsule ovate ; seed single. Syy.—Maranta Tonchat. Aubl. Guian. v. i. p- 3. Maranta Tonchat. Willd. i. 13. Maranta Tonchat. Roemer & Schul. i. 14. Ap. 557. Maranta Tonchat. Sprengel, i. 8. Maranta angustifolia. Bot. Mag. 2398. ?. : DESCRIPTION. Roots perennial, ligneous, creeping; stem fruticose, simple, erect, smooth, of a highly polished dark green ; branches numerous, dichotomous, spreading, jointed at every division, hairy; leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, 4—6 inches long, inzequilateral, on a short, ganglionated, hairy petiole ; spike terminal, flexuose, 4—6 flowers; common bracte concave, pale green, smooth; inner bracte lanceolate, membranous ; flowers in pairs; calyx superior, of three leaves, green, persistent; corolla tubular; cuter limb in three equal, ovate segments; inner limb in three segments, pale blue, or lilac colour; two of the segments erect, equal; the third section, or lip, somewhat larger, undulate, depressed ; anther attached to the margin of the filament; style tubular, revolute; stigma perforate, with a trilobate margin ; capsule ovate, 1-celled, 1-valved ; seed single, triangular, rugose. OBSERVATIONS. Few plants have given rise to greater errors than the present. These have principally arisen from almost all systematic writers having mistaken this plant for the Tonchat scytam of Rumph. Amb. iv. 22. t. 7; the Donawx arundastrum of Loureiro, Cochin Chi. 15; the Phrynium dichotomum of Roxb. Flor. Ind. i. p. 2; a plant essentially and generically different, as may appear by comparing the ample description of the last mentioned writer, with that now given; from which we shall find, that besides several diversities in the form and colour of the corolla, the capsule in the East Indian plant is broad, turbinate, the size of a cherry, rugose, somewhat three-lobed, three-celled, three-valved ; thereby conforming to the other species of Phrynium described in that work, but totally at variance with the plant of Aublet. The difference between these plants was long ago observed by Ventenat, as cited in Rees’ Cyclop. by Sir J. E. Smith, who has remarked, that the M. Tonchat of Aublet may be merely a variety of the first (or Eastern) species, but that there was then no means of determining it. This difficulty is, however, now removed, and the Phrynium dichotomum, (to which all the Eastern synonyms apply,) and the Maranta Tonchat, must henceforth be considered as species of different genera of plants; of one of which genera, (Maranta,) it appears from the Flora Indica of Dr. Roxburgh, the East does not furnish a single specimen. We learn from Aublet, vol. i. p. 3, that the Maranta Tonchat grows in Cayenne and Guiana, where it is used in making baskets and pagaras, or small hampers for household use. The plant from which the present drawing is made, was sent by the late Hon. Charles Greville, in the year | 1807, to the Botanic Garden in Liverpool; from which time it has annually flowered, and ripened its seeds there. From a dried specimen of the Phrynium dichotomum, sent by Dr. Carey of Serampore, to Mr. H. Shepherd, at the Botanic Garden, Liverpool, it appears that the flowers are more than double the size of those of the Maranta Tonchat. REFERENCES. 1. Germen and calyx. 2. Filament, anther, style and stigma. 3. Panicle and capsules. 4. Seed. SX ae Neb ee a Ne a : \ aS SS x a < a ie ae \ —< << | < a Ay \ ES ‘ ~ x 4 ese a ™ eee See ae “. ~ %, oy eene en Seater = = seach pierre we Oey, ¢ eae MARANTA CUSPIDATA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Gey. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the petal-like filament ; style tubular, revolute ; stigma perforate, trilobate; seed one, oblong. Spec. Coar.—Stem simple, erect, jointed, pallid, 1-2 feet in height; leaves ovate, acute, cordate at the base, cuspidate at the apex, ineequilateral ; mid-rib slightly downy; petioles long, erect; ganglions villous; flowers in pairs. DESCRIPTION. Root fibrous; culm herbaceous, jointed; leaves alternate, broad-lanceolate-acute, cuspidate at the apex, inzequilateral, strongly nerved ; mid-ribs slightly covered with a fine down; petioles long, terminating next the leaf in a jointed ganglion, slightly villous on the upper side; panicle terminal; calyx superior, in three leaves, lanceolate, yellowish, diaphanous; outer limb of the corolla in three lanceolate segments, equal, purple-spotted, erect when young, but reflexed as the flower advances; inner limb with a double lip; upper lip in two segments, erect, equal, circular, crenate, bifid at the apex, yellow; lower lip very short, involute, ovate, orange colour; filament erect, petal-like, hooded, yellow ; anther attached to the margin of the filament, ovate ; style tubular, revolute, covered when young with a secondary, small, proper hood; style perforate, revolute ; stigma obtusely three-lobed ; capsule smooth, three-valved, one-celled; seeds single. OBSERVATIONS. This new and ornamental addition to the genus Maranta, was brought from Sierra Leone by Mr. George Don, and liberally presented by the Horticultural Society, with several other Monandrian Plants, to the Botanic Garden in Liverpool, where it flowered for the first time, in the beginning of October 1826.— From its creeping roots it sends up numerous stems of nearly equal height, one of which only is represented in our figure. The flowers are of a bright yellow or gold colour. Although this species of Maranta approaches in its general habit nearly to Phrynium, it is entirely distinct in its inflorescence and fructification, being wholly divested of glumaceous bractes, and having a three-lobed stigma. REFERENCES. . Intire flower. . Germen and calyx. . The three sections of outer limb of corolla. . The two sections of upper lip of inner limb of corolla. . Filament, anther and style, with the under lip in its natural position. . The same without the lip, the style covered by its proper hood before it becomes revolute. . Style detached from the flower, with its three-lobed anther. CANADA SF wo WO . Lower lip expanded. All of their natural size. MARANTA BICOLOR. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Grn. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the filament; style tubular; stigma revolute, trilobate ; capsule one-celled; seed single, gibbous. Spec. Cuar.—Spike bursting from a sheathing vagina about the middle of the petiole ; flowers alternating in ascending fascicles, and expanding in succession, white, with red spots; leaves broad ovate, mucronate, clouded with light and dark green above, ferruginous red below, ganglions hairy. Syy.—Maranta bicolor. Bot. Reg. No. 786. DESCRIPTION. Root a round tuber, with very strong fleshy fibres; leaves radical, on long purple sheaths or petioles, which terminate in a villous ganglion, broad-ovate, somewhat mucronate, clouded with shades of green above, dark red on the under surface ; spike jointed, bursting from the petiole; flowers in fascicles, alternating on the rachis, each fascicle on a long pedicel, and bearing several flowers expanding in succession in pairs; bractes lanceolate, smooth, striated, pale green; calyx superior, of three lanceolate segments, terminating in a fine mucronated point ; outer limb of corolla in three segments, nearly equal, lanceolate, white; inner limb in three segments, two of them erect, broad, spreading, bilobate, heart-shaped, and marked in the centre of each with a narrow purple streak ; the third section or lip erect, hooded, white, with a purple margin, screening the anther and style during impregnation ; filament an irregularly petal-like wing, lobed on one side, and incrassated on the other, to which the anther is attached by a short pedicel; anther ovate, two-celled ; style connate with the filament, tubular, erect, recurved ; stigma terminal, in three lobes ; capsule villous, one-celled. OBSERVATIONS. A good figure of this very singular plant, lately introduced from the Brazils, is given in Bot. Reg. No. 786, except that it there appears to flower from the centre of the leaves, which is not the case with our plant, which had three spikes of flowers upon it, all of which flowered from the petiole of the leaf. The plant here figured was kindly communicated, in flower, from Lord Milton’s Conservatory, at Wentworth House, by Mr. Joseph Cooper, in the beginning of March last, and still continues (June 15,) to produce a daily succession of flowers, which remain only three or four hours in perfection. REFERENCES. 1. Flower, natural size. 2. Germen and calyx. 3. Part of the flower, slightly magnified. 4. Filament, anther, style and stigma, greatky magnified. PHRYNIUM GRANDIFLORUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Gey. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the filament, either immediately or by a short stamen; style tubular, recurved, truncate; stigma an orbicular orifice below the apex; seeds 3. Spec. Cuar.—Leaves radical, on long petioles, broad-lanceolate-obtuse, strongly nerved, inzequilateral ; petioles tapering, ganglionated; flowers central, large, pale yellow. DESCRIPTION. Root perennial, with several long parsnip-shaped, diverging tubers, terminating in small farinaceous knobs or balls; leaves rising from the centre, broad-lanceolate-obtuse, very inzequilateral, strongly nerved, smooth on both sides, pale green, on long ganglionated petioles, which are broadest at the base, flowers rising in succession from the centre of the leaves ; bractes one-flowered ; calyx superior, of three leaves, equal, lanceolate, slightly tinged with rose-colour ; outer limb of corolla in three lanceolate, involute equal segments; inner limb of three unequal segments ; the two lateral ones ovate, the central one or lip, hooded, and covering in impregnation the anther and stigma ; filament petal-like, short, the margin incrassated on which the anther is placed near the apex ; style the length of the filament, incurved towards the anther, afterwards recurved, tubular, truncate at the apex ; stigma a cylindrical tube or ring, placed underneath the apex of the style. i‘ OBSERVATIONS. This singular plant was sent by the London Horticultural Society to the Botanic Garden in Liverpool, in 1823, and flowered there July 3rd, 1824. It was discovered in Rio de Janeiro, by the late Mr. John Forbes, Botanical Collector to the Horticultural Society, whose premature death is a real loss to the lovers of Botanical science. Of the distinction between Phrynium and Maranta, a particular account will be given in another part of the present work. REFERENCES. . Outer bracte. Oo Inner bracte. Calyx. Style and stigma magnified. . Intire flower. . Filament, anther, style, and stigma natural size. . Outer limb of corolla. ort Da & o9 & 9. Different views of the parts of fructification. \ Noe je Giccomeet PHRYNIUM PARVIFLORUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Gen. Cuar.— Anther single, lateral, attached to the margin of the filament; style incurved at the apex, grooved ; Capsule 3-celled. Spec. Cuar. — Leaves Radical, long-petiolated, broad-lanceolate, ineequilateral, strongly nerved; Petioles gangli- onated ; flower-spike bursting from the petiole; Capsule, only one cell, fertile. Syy.—Roxburgh, Phrynium Parviflorum, Flor. Ind. vol. I. Denies Small-flowered Phrynium. DESCRIPTION. Root perennial, running horizontally, tuberous, with strong hairy fibres; leaves radical, broad-lanceolate, strongly nerved, inzequilateral, smooth on both sides, intire ; petioles generally longer than the leaf, round, green, finely villose, attached to the leaf by a smooth round ganglion an inch long; spike bursting from the inner side of the floral petiole, somewhat above the middle, from a sheathing vagina having a tuft of fine hairs at the base on the outside, and a smaller tuft at the apex within; common bractes lanceolate, acute, finely pointed, green, slightly hairy, with a smooth, pellucid, membranous margin ; inner bractes lanceolate, white, membranous, with a ridge down the middle on the back ; flowers almost inconspicuous, two to each bracte; calyx of three leaflets, lanceolate- acute, smooth, white; corolla tubular, with a double limb; outer limb of three segments, equal, intire, waved, reflexed, white, slightly villous; inner limb bilabiate ; upper lip of two segments, equal, obovate, intire, somewhat undulate, orange, on a short claw; claw white ; lower lip small, hooded, enveloping the parts of fructification when young, but detached when the flower is expanded, orange; filament petal-like, erect, ovate, tipt with orange, one margin thickened, with the anther attached near the apex; anther single, linear, grooved ; style erect, grooved, incurved at the apex; stigma funnel-shaped, compressed, declined ; germen inferior, oblong-ovate, with a few scattered hairs round the base of the calyx, three-celled, one only fertile. OBSERVATIONS. ‘This genus was established by Willdenow from the Phyllodes placentaria of Loureiro, which Willdenow denominated Phrynium Capitatum, and referred to the figure in Hortus Malabaricus, Tom. ai. tab. 34, which had been erroneously considered as Pontederia ovata. A much more correct figure of the Phrynium Capitatum is given by Dr. Roxburgh in his “ Description of Monandrous Plants,” in Asiatic Researches, vol. ai. p-. 323. The Phrynium Parviflorum grows to the height of three feet or upwards. It is a native of the Eastern - parts of Bengal, and was sent from Calcutta by Dr. Wallich, to the Botanic Garden, in Liverpool, in 1820; where it flowered in July, 1823, and is now figured for the first time. REFERENCES. 1. Calyx and Corolla. 2. Sections of the upper lip of the inner limb of Corolla. 3. Filament and anther, style and stigma, with the lower lip of Corolla. 4. Lower lip detached. 5. Style and stigma detached. 6. Filament and anther detached. 7. Outer bracte. 8. Inner bracte. 9. Calyx detached SEY ARENT S NTR RR ee Se Ulin = COMOSUMIY Yi PHRYNIUM COMOSUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Gen. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the filament; style tubular, revolute, truncate ; stigma a circular orifice, depressed; capsule three cells, three seeds. Spec. Cuar.—Leaves radical, on. long foot-stalks, equilateral; scape rising from the centre of the leaves; simple, smooth, erect; flower-spike capitate, terminal, globose, comose; floral bractes lanceolate, numerous, reflexed; flowers yellow. Syw.—Maranta comosa, acaulis, scapo nudo, spicato, comoso ; come foliolis reflexis. Lin. Suppl. p. 80. ap. Willd. i. 14. Maranta comosa (curcuma nova. Ameen. Acad. y. 8. 850.) Sir J. E. Smith, in Rees’ New Cyclop. Maranta comosa. Ev descriptione Cl. Swartzii, ap. Roemer & Schultes. v. i. p. 15. Myrosma comosa, scapo tereti, coma foliolis reflexis, bracteis trifloris. Surinam. Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 1. p. 9. DESCRIPTION. Leaves radical, broad-ovate, equally divided by the mid-rib, finely striated with regular parallel nerves, two feet long and a foot in breadth, on long petioles; scape radical, from the centre of the leaves, three feet high, round, simple, naked, smooth, somewhat incrassated towards the summit; flowers terminal, capitate, comose, expanding from numerous lanceolate carinated green bractes, each bracte containing two flowers; bractes reflexed towards the base, and forming a globular foliaceous tuft or head; opposite to the exterior bracte appears the angular winged bracte, characteristic of the genus; flowers in pairs, dividing from a common pedicel ; calyx superior, of three equal, green leaflets; corolla tubular, tube slender, and upwards of an inch in length, expanding into a double limb; outer limb in three equal, ovate segments; inner limb bilabiate ; upper lip in two irregular sections, one of them bearing on its margin the anther, on a_ short subulate process, the other hooded; lower lip deeply divided into two ovate lobes; flowers pale yellow; style connate with the upper lip, tubular, revolute, truncate ; stigma a simple, circular, membranous orifice ; capsule three-celled ; seeds three. OBSERVATIONS. It is not without great hesitation on the part of former writers, that this very singular plant has hitherto been generally referred to the genus Maranta. Fiven the younger Linneus, in assigning it to that station, expressed his doubts on the subject; the specific description in Roemer & Schultes, (v. i. 15.) is accompanied by the question, “ dn novum genus ?” And Sprengel has united it, under the name of Myrosma Comosa, as another species to Myrosma Canneefolia, which, it will appear from the present work, is itself a Phrynium. The opportunity new afforded us of examining the flowers, and of ascertaining with certainty their generic distinctions, has enabled us to place this subject beyond all doubt. The plant described by the younger Linneeus was sent by Dalberg from Surinam. That from which the present figure is given, was brought from the island of Trinidad by Charles S. Parker, Esq. who found it flowering there in a shady wood, near a plantation called Trafalgar, in June 1824, and to him we are indebted not only for the specimen of the plant here given, but for much information in drawing up our description, from which it indisputably appears to be a species of Phrynium. REFERENCES. 1. Bractes opened, exhibiting two flowers, with germen, calyx and corolla. 2. Anther, style and stigma, magnified. 3. The stigma more highly magnified. 4 & 5. Different views of exterior bractes of corolla. 6. Different views of the opposite angular winged bracte. PHRYNIUM ZEBRINUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANNE. Gen. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the filament; style tubular, recurved, truncate ; stigma an orbicular orifice, depressed ; seeds three. Sprxc. Cuar.—Leaves radical, on long petioles, with a dusky purple ganglion, inzequilateral, ovate-oblong, clouded on the upper side with shades or streaks of green, the under side purple; scape radical, capitate, imbricate, flowers purple. ; Syy.—Maranta zebrina, Curt. Bot. Mag. 1926. Maranta zebrina, Lindley, in Bot. Reg. 385. Calathea zebrina, Donn, Hort. Cantabr. p- 3. Ed. 10. DESCRIPTION. Root tuberous, with very strong spreading fibres; leaves radical, equitant, on strong sheathing’ petioles, terminating at the leaf in a dark purple ganglion, striated with shades of green on the upper surface, and dark purple below, ovate-oblong, inzequilateral ; scape radical, erect, compactly imbricated with large coriaceous bractes of a purplish green colour; flowering spike capitate, compact, imbricate with large orbicular exterior bractes, which are revolute at the apex, each bracte containing many flowers rising in pairs in succession ; interior bractes biflorous, ovate, striate, membranous, purple, slightly villous, inclosing another lanceolate, bidentate, angular bracte, distinguished by two membranous wings running down the back, and which seem to be characteristic of this genus ; calyx superior, of three lanceolate petal-like segments, white at the base, and purple at the apex, extending the whole length of the tube of the corolla. Corolla tubular, with a double limb; outer limb in three lanceolate segments, erect, equal, dark purple; inner limb in three segments, the two lateral ones intire, ovate, obtuse, spreading, white, finely striated with purple; the third segment, or lip, declined, irregular, truncate, hooded at the apex, so as to protect the anther and filament, white, tipt with purple; filament acinaciform, diaphanous; anther grooved, and placed near the apex of the filament; style cylindrical, revolute, truncate ; stigma orbicular, with a Corineeots margin opening below the truncated apex of the style; germen three-celled, seeds three, oblong, angular. OBSERVATIONS. Notwithstanding the respectable authorities on which this singular plant has hitherto been consigned to the genus Maranta, we find ourselves compelled, by a concurrence of circumstances, which we consider as irresistible, to transfer it to the proximate genus Phrynium.—Our principal reasons for this are founded on the stigma, an organ in this section of Monandrian plants of the first importance in deciding on their botanical character, and which in Maranta terminates the revolute style with a triangular or three-lobed crifice, but in Phrynium is placed below the truncate termination of the style, with an orbicular coriaceous margin. 'T’o this we may add the presence of the peculiar winged bracte immediately inclosing the flower, which is not found in Maranta; but the most striking characteristic, and by which we conceive the propriety of our decision is fully confirmed, arises from the seed- vessel, which in Phrynium is a three-celled capsule, inclosing three oblong angular seeds, but in Maranta is a berry- like fruit, inclosing one seed only ; a distinction which we consider as ascertaining the difference between these two genera beyond all possibility of doubt. We may further observe, that our arrangement does not admit of the genus Calathea, the proposed specie of which we conceive properly belong to Phrynium. The Phrynium Zebrinum is a native of the Brazils, and was introduced into this country in 1815. A plant of it was sent from London by Mr. John Hunneman, in 1823, to the Botanic Garden in Liverpool, where it annually produces its flowers, but has not yet ripened its seeds. REFERENCES. 1 & 2. Front view and reverse of the winged bracte immediately inclosing the flowers. 3. Exterior floral bracte. 4 & 5. Interior floral bractes. 6. Intire flower. 7 & 8. The two sections of the upper lip of interior limb of corolla. 9. Exterior limb of corolla. 10. Filament, anther, style and stigma. 11. Calyx, apiied 2 el eit ( qd sad) 0907 PHRYNIUM VIOLACEUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. cea eee eae re iv SECT. I. CANNA, Gen. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the filament; style tubular, revolute, truncate ; stigma simple, circular ; capsule three-celled ; seeds three. Spec. Cuar.—Scape bursting from the petiole, erect, jointed ; spike capitate, imbricate; outer bractes circular, green, striate, each containing a pair of violate-coloured flowers ; leaves broad-ovate, inzequilateral, pointed at the apex, strongly nerved. Syw.—Calathea violacea. Bot. Reg. No. 961. (Corr. 962.) Calathea violacea. Loddiges, Bot. Cab. 1148. DESCRIPTION. Root with strong fibres penetrating deep into the earth, and terminating in large pendulous tubers of a farinaceous quality, resembling arrow-root ; stem none; petioles rising immediately from the root, from 18 inches to two feet high, deeply channelled on one side, terminating next the leaf in a pallid ganglion, about an inch in length, and slightly pubescent above; leaves ovate, acute at the apex, strongly nerved, smooth on both sides, very inaequilateral, dark green above, glaucous below, and purpurescent when young; spike bursting from the middle of the petiole, capitate, ovate, imbricate; outer bractes foliaceous, broad-ovate, green, slightly marcescent towards the apex; interior opposite bracte quadriform, winged, membranaceous, with several smaller, interior, imbricate, glumaceous, diaphanous bractes; tube of the corolla slender, about an inch in length, expanding in a double limb; outer limb in three sections, equal, ovate, violet colour; inner limb bilabiate ; upper lip in two sections, one of them hooded, irregular, with a projecting appendage or hornlet a little below the apex, membranaceous, diaphanous; the other lanceolate, acute, violet colour; lower lip broad-ovate, slightly bifid at the apex, deep violet; anther ovate, attached by a short subulate filament to the hooded section of the upper lip of the inner limb of the corolla; style tubular, revolute, connate with the upper lip; the relative position of the anther and style seem to vary according to the state of the flower, before, during, or after, impregnation ; stigma a circular orifice, depressed ; germen three-celled ; three seeds. OBSERVATIONS. This plant in its habit, size, and general appearance, bears a nearer resemblance to the P. capitatum of the East Indies, (Roxb. in Asiat. Res. vol. xi. p. 325. Flor. Ind. v. i. p. 9.) than to any other species yet discovered in the western world. It was imported from Rio Janeiro in 1825, by the late Mr. W. Ross, of Stoke Newington, and has already been published in the two respectable works before referred to, under the name of Calathea; a genus which we cannot admit, without excluding the prior established one of Phrynium, altogether. The plant from which our drawing was taken, was obligingly communicated by Messrs. Loddiges, to the Botanic Garden at Liverpool. There is reason to believe that the large tubers attached to the roots, are of a nutricious quality, and might be obtained in great abundance; those here represented having been produced in a very small pot. als 2 3. 4. 5. 6. ie 8. 9. 10. Messrs. Loddiges (whose skill as cultivators of exotic plants is well known,) recommend that this plant should be constantly preserved in the stove, and should be potted in loam and sandy peat; to which we ¥ beg leave to add, that we consider the greater part, if not the whole of the genus, as aquatics, and consequently in the Liverpool Garden the pots are kept continually in water. REFERENCES. Exterior bracte. Opposite carinate or quadriform bracte. Intire flower. Calyx. Tube of the corolla. Outer limb of corolla. Lower lip of interior limb of corolla. Upper lip of interior limb, with the filament, anther, style and stigma. The same in a different position, magnified. Style and stigma, magnified. PHRYNIUM ALLOUYA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Gry. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the filament; style tubular, revolute, truncate; stigma a circular membranaceous orifice ; capsule three cells; seeds three, perforated. Spec. Cuar.—Leaves radical, on long petioles, ovate-lanceolate, strongly nerved, very unequally divided by the mid-rib ; scape short, risirig from the base of the leaves; inflorescence capitate, imbricate; exterior bractes lozenge-shaped ; flowers white. Syy.—Allouya, foliis cannacori, radicibus tuberosis. Plum. MS. Hist. 5. 35. Maranta Allouya, foliis amplis, ovato-rotundatis, scapo nudo, capitulo folioso, variegato. Aubl. Guian. i. 3. Maranta Allouya, foliis radicalibus, ovato-lanceolatis, petiolatis, nervosis ; spica ovata pedunculata terminali. Jacq. Fragmenta, p. 53. n. 174. tab. 71. Curcuma Americana, Lamarck Enc. ii. p- 228. Maranta Allouya, Radix ovata, non acris, caulis 2-3, folia cannee, bracteee viridi alboque varize, flores albi. Martinica, Domingo. Roémer § Schultes, i. 15, 16. Maranta Allouia, lateral tufted arrow-root. Smith, in Rees? Cyclop. DESCRIPTION. Root a large ovate bulb, with several globose or ovate tubers attached by strong fibres; leayes radical, on long petioles, ovate-lanceolate, inzequilateral, strongly nerved ; scape rising from the sheath of a floral leaf near the base, short, simple, bearing a capitate spike; outer bractes lozenge-shaped, with pale membranaceous margins, imbricated; opposite bracte angular, carinate, with wings on the cuter angles, each series of bractes containing two flowers; calyx superior, of three leaflets, equal; corolla tubular, with a double limb; outer limb of three small ovate equal segments; inner limb bilabiate ; upper lip antheriferous, hooded; lower lip deeply bifid, lobes ovate; flowers a pure white; anther attached to the margin of the upper lip or filament by a short subulate process; style connate with the filament and anther, tubular, revolute, truncate ; stigma an orbicular orifice ; capsule three cells; seeds three. OBSERVATIONS. From its radical habit, capitate inflorescence, and tuberous farinaceous edible roots, it is not surprising that the French botanists have given to this plant the name of the American Curcuma; although in the essential characters of the two genera there appears not to be the least resemblance. From the time of Aublet this plant has been referred to Maranta, but the nearer examination of the parts of fructification, which later discoveries have afforded, has enabled us at length to refer it to its proper station in the Linnean system. The plant from which the drawing of the root in the present figure was taken, has been for some years in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, but not having yet flowered, we have been obliged to have recourse to a specimen brought from the island of St. Vincent, by Charles 8. Parker, sq. who found it flowering there in the month of August 1824, at a place called Bel air, and who informs us that this species, or one very nearly allied to it, is cultivated in Guadaloupe, under the name of Moustache de Barbade, where it is said to be prepared in the same manner as arrow-root. REFERENCES. . Bractes expanded, showing two young unopened flowers. . Exterior floral bracte. 1 2 8. Secondary bracte. 4. Opposite angular winged bracte. 5 . A young flower before expansion, the filament, anther and style connate. 3. Shy nium. ° di PII & ¥ Z i PHRYNIUM MYROSMA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANNE. Gey. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the filament; style tubular, revolute, truncate; stigma orbicular ; capsule three-celled; seeds three. Srrc. Cuar.—Spike flowering from the petiole, drooping ; bractes lozenge-shaped ; leaves lanceolate-acute, glaucous below ; petioles decurrent, with a marcescent margin; ganglions slightly marked with a few fine deflexed hairs. Syy.—Myrisma, 120. Nova. Linn. Pl. Surin. 5. Ameen. Ac. v. viii. 251. Myrosma canneefolia. Lin. Supplem. 80, excluding the synonym. Myrosma canneeformis. Willd. 1. 13. (excluso synonimo Rheedii.) Myrosma canneefolia. Sir J. E. Smith, in Rees’ Cyclop. Myrosma canneeformis. Roemer & Schultes, 1. 18. Myrosma cannefolia. Sprengel, 1. 9. DESCRIPTION. Root perennial, tuberous, with numerous fibres; stem herbaceous, from one to two feet high ;_ leaves alternate, lanceolate-acute, inequilateral, 3—5 inches long, 1—1+ broad, finely nerved, bright green above, glaucous below; petiole decurrent, winged, marcescent on the margin, ganglions half an inch in length, dark green, slightly villous, with deflexed hairs; spike bursting from the floral petiole ; peduncle about an inch long, supporting an imbricated, drooping spike or catkin, composed of 8 or 10 floral bractes; exterior bractes lozenge-shaped, each containing two flowers ; opposite interior bracte carinate, or quadriform, with decurrent wings at the exterior angles; calyx of three lanceolate leaflets or segments; corolla tubular; exterior limb of three segments, equal, intire, white; interior limb bilabiate, white ; upper lip in two segments, equal, intire ; lower lip ovate, white; filament petal-like; anther attached to the margin of the filament by a short subulate pedicel; style tubular, revolute, truncate towards the apex; stigma a circular compressed orifice ; capsule three- celled ; seeds three. OBSERVATIONS. The plant of which we have here, for the first time, published a figure, is of considerable importance in the history and definition of Scitaminean Plants, as it enables us to clear up a doubt which we had long entertained, as to the propriety of retaining amongst them the genus Myrosma, which was founded by Linnzeus on the present plant. In order to show the reasons that have induced us to exclude that generic appellation altogether from our present arrangement, it will be necessary to enter upon the subject some- what more at large. That Linnzeus was well acquainted with the present plant is certain, a specimen of it still existing in his Herbarium, in the possession of the learned President of the Linnzean Society at Norwich. In constituting it the type of a genus, Linneus appears to have acted strictly up to his own principles; and although in referring to the figure in Van Rheede, (ort. Mal. xi. tab. 34. the plant now called Phrynium capitatum,) he was mistaken in the species, he was correct with respect to the genus; and if as much had been known then, as is now the case, respecting these plants, they would doubtless have been all designated by the name of Myrosma, and the establishment of a genus by the name of Phrynium, would have been unnecessary. It appears, however, that Willdenow, not aware that the Myrosma of Linneus, and the Naru-killa of Van Rheede, were generically allied, thought proper to establish a new genus from the latter plant, by the name of Phrynium; to which subsequent Botanists have conformed; and in the Lora Indica of Dr. Roxburgh, six species are described under that name. The discoveries which have recently been made in the tropical climates of America, have greatly increased that number. The present plant flowered for the first time, we believe, in England, in the present year, (1826) in the collection of Mr. J. H. Masters, Eden Nursery, Stoke Newington, who favoured the Botanic Garden in Liverpool with a plant of it in flower, which we have had an opportunity of comparing with a duplicate of that preserved in the Linnean collection, now in the Herbarium of the Garden at Liverpool, and find them in every respect to agree. That our plant is decidedly a Phrynium, as that genus is now constituted, there cannot exist a doubt. Independent of its general habit, which to a person acquainted with this tribe, distinguishes it at first sight, the parts of frictification, its glumaceous inflorescence, and carinated quadriform bracte, fully confirm the idea. As a species it is sufficiently characterized by its drooping spike, its lozenge- shaped bracte, and its ganglions with deflexed hairs, without reverting to further particulars. It is observable, that although Willdenow has described this plant as Myrosma canneformis, he has called it “ Genus affine Phrynio,” an observation which has been repeated by subsequent Linnean systematic Botanists ; but the most accurate account of it is given by Sir J. E. Smith, in the article Myrosma, in the xxivth vol. of Rees’ New Cyclop. where it is described from the Linneean specimen: in his own possession, and which we shall here give, that the reader may compare it with our present figure. “Stem herbaceous, rather than shrubby, clothed in the upper part with fine deflexed hairs; radical leaves several, ovate, acute, intire, three or four inches long, smooth, with one rib, and numerous fine, oblique, transverse veins, as in the rest of this natural order; footstalks erect, broad, sheathing, striated, three inches long, suddenly contracted at the top into a hairy knob, close to the leaf. At the summit of the stem is a larger leaf, from within whose much shorter, sheathing footstalk, springs the flower stalk of the same length, bearing a simple drooping spike of 8 or 10 flowers, whose broad, pale, imbricated bracteas resemble the catkin of the hop. Each of these is about as long as its corresponding flower, and is accompanied by a smaller and narrower internal bractea; the corolla seems to be white or yellowish.” This description fully agrees with the living specimen now before us, except in the stem being clothed in the upper part with fine deflexed hairs. The stem, it must be observed, is no other than the petiole of the flower, and the hairs above described are probably those on the knob or ganglion, at the summit next the leaf, which perfectly agree in being deflexed; the remainder of the plant is entirely smooth. We are further informed by Sir J. I. Smith, that this was one of the plants which made a part of the Surinam collection, preserved in spirits, presented to Linneeus by King Gustavus III. “ Linneus named it Myrosma, from wmirox, a fragrant balsam, and om, a scent, rather supposed perhaps from its natural affinities, than perceptible in the dried specimen, or discoverable in any thing we can find of its history. Linnzeus first wrote it Myrisma, from wrbma, anointed with balsam, or unguent.” Although the name of Myrosma can now be no longer retained, we may observe, that Linneus displayed his usual sagacity in referring the present plant to the genus which has since been denominated Phrynium; and that if Willdenow had been sufficiently aware of this, the genus now called Phrynium, would have been denominated Myrosma REFERENCES. 1. Outer bracte. 2. Opposite carinate winged bracte. 3. Filament and anther, style and stigma, natural size. 4, The same magnified. ies ase eae eer ew PUMA A op, etmasunees aN OP pennant TCC eH eddacnaate esi iutnsnetatoonesentstt eset mecterne nineteen nat ihm ot nee j } q i } i H j i § i } 3 f f | j / f : ! ae) ae } j if 5 Hl f ; : i é j f \ i i ; ; | : j } { ; i Hi i . i i # } | a i E i \ i t } H } / oo { ees saan: ! H 2 ‘ f Hy H ; i j ; / we 1 z i j i { i | j } . { eat oe | \ , ae Se PHRYNIUM CYLINDRICUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Gey. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the filament; style tubular, revolute, truncate; stigma simple, orbicular; capsule three-celled; seeds three. Srec. Cuar.—Spike rising from the petiole, cylindrical, erect ; outer bracte heart-shaped, reflexed at the apex, producing flowers in pairs; leaves broad-ovate, inaequilateral, slightly mucronate at the apex, strongly nerved; flowers tubular, pale straw-colour. DESCRIPTION. Root tuberous ; plant three feet high; stem formed of the sheathing foot-stalks of the leaves; the true petiole 6—8 inches long, round, smooth, terminating next the leaf in an almost black or dark purple ganglion, an inch long or upwards, with a few scattered hairs on the upper side; leaves large, oblong-ovate, very inzequilateral, strongly nerved, mucronate at the apex, mid-rib green above, slightly coloured below ; scape rising from the sheathing of the flowering petiole, round, hairy for two or three inches above the petiole, terminating in a regular, cylindrical spike, 5-6 inches long; outer bracte heart-shaped, pale green, smooth, reflexed and slightly crenulate at the apex; opposite winged or carinate bracte broad-ovate, pellucid; inner bractes diaphanous ; inflorescence glumaceous; flowers rising in pairs; calyx of three lanceolate leaflets, pellucid, erect, converging, half the length of the flowers; tube cylindrical, upwards of an inch in length, expanding into a double border; outer border in three ovate, equal sections; inner border with a double lip; upper lip hooded, irregular, covering the style; lower lip antheriferous, supporting the anther on a short filament ; style tubular, truncate at the apex; stigma simple, orbicular, smooth; capsule three-celled; seeds three. OBSERVATIONS. This plant, which in its general habit and appearance, bears a strong resemblance to a Curcuma, was introduced from the Brazils by Richard Harrison, Esq. at Aighburgh, near Liverpool, who presented a fine specimen of it to the Botanic Garden there, where it flowered at the end of February 1827, and is now, we believe, figured, named, and described for the first time. It is impossible to contemplate, without the greatest pleasure, the beautiful uniformity which prevails in the generic characters of this very extensive genus, and at the same time to observe the infinite diversity which distinguishes the species in their varied characters and modes of inflorescence, particularly in the conformation -of their bractes. Such has been the influx of these plants of late from the tropical climates of America, that it is probable they will, ere long, become the most numerous of all the tribe. REFERENCES. . Outer bracte. . Opposite carinate or winged bracte. . Interior bracte. . Floral bractes, inclosing two young flowers. Germen, calyx and corolla. Leaflets of the calyx. . Tube and outer limb of corolla. . Sections of outer limb of corolla. . Inner limb of corolla. SE HAA ES w pe . Upper and lower lip of interior limb of corolla. — _ . Anther, style and stigma. en pulutiiietemieea ee hitmen RA apse a ty a eT; PU VAP: SHOU a ar - Ln ee - ro eh ae SS ea ; 2 ey ig ee ll PHRYNIUM SETOSUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANNE. Gey. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the filament ; style tubular, revolute, truncate ; stigma simple, orbicular ; capsule three-celled; seeds three. Srec. Cuar.—Spike bursting from the petiole; spikes imbricate, concave below and convex above, hirsute ; outer bracte cordate, apex elongated, setose on the outside, margin purple ; interior bracte winged, or carinate, white; leaves lanceolate, ineequilateral ; petioles and spikes entirely covered with dense bristles. DESCRIPTION. Root tuberous; plant two feet in height ; stem none ; petioles radical, channelled ; green and rufescent, terminating next the leaf in a pale-green, transparent ganglion, about an inch long, which, being twisted, turns the leaf a little to one side; leaves lanceolate, 6—8 inches long, inzequilateral, smooth on both sides, apex cuspidate, base unequal, margin continuous ; spike rising from nearly the middle of the petiole, three inches long, imbricate; concave below and convex above; spikelets alternate, lanceolate, setose, extremity of a purplish colour; outer bractes cordate, elongated at the apex, setose on the outside margin, purple inside, striated ; opposite carinated bracte with four membranous wings running its whole length, white, pellucid ; calyx superior, of three lanceolate membranous segments, hirsute, margin purple; outer limb of corolla of three ovate, membranous segments, hairy, pellucid; inner limb of corolla of three segments, the two lateral ones orbicular, pale blue; lip incrassated, hooded; filament with a detached, incrassated margin, upon which the anther is placed ; style incurved ; stigma simple, orbicular, smooth ; capsule three-celled ; seeds three. OBSERVATIONS. This very extraordinary plant was sent to the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, by Mr. Joseph Cooper, Botanic Gardener to Lord Milton, at Wentworth House, in Yorkshire, who we understand, had it from Edinburgh, under the name of Maranta Secunda. It is a native of the Brazils, and although not remarkable for its elegance, serves to add another variety to the very extensive genus of which it forms one of the most curious and interesting species. REFERENCES. 1 & 2. Imbricated spike in different positions. . Entire flower. . Exterior bracte. . Inner carinated bracte. D oO & oo . Calyx. 7. Corolla. 8. Filament and anther. 9. Style and stigma. 10. The same separated. 11. The same in a different position. 12. Lip. ee “isle Ye LAL N < AY ee eke PHRYNIUM PARKERI. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANNE. Gry. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the filament; style revolute, truncate ; stigma a circular orifice, depressed ; capsule three-celled ; seeds three. Spec. Cuar—Leaves radical, on long foot-stalks, broad ovate, elliptic, inzequilateral, with long ganglions; scape radical, erect, lanuginose; spike fasciculated, imbricated; general bractes ovate, striate, muricate. DESCRIPTION. Leaves radical, broad-ovate, smooth on both sides, elliptic, unequally divided by the mid-rib, which, on its approaching the apex, suddenly turns obliquely towards the point; petioles long, round, smooth, terminating next the leaf in a dusky ganglion, cf about an inch in length; scape long, erect, round, intirely covered with dense wool or down; spike terminal; flowers numerous, in close, irregular, ascending fascicles; general bractes common to many fascicles, broad-oyate, mucronate at the apex; partial bractes biflorous, ovate, lanceolate, rigid, involute, acute, inclosing another membranous, foliaceous bracte or envelope, of a quadriform shape, directly opposed in situation to the former, and enclosing two flowers; calyx superior, of three lanceolate, unequal leaves, about half an inch in length ; corolla tubular, tube about an inch long, downy, expanding at the apex into two limbs; outer limb in three segments, nearly equal, ovate; inner limb in three segments, the two upper ones equal, erect, expanding, the lower one, or lip, somewhat larger, ovate, intire; flowers yellow ; filament an irregular, foliaceous petal-like process, from the margin of which rises a short pedicel, bearing an ovate-oblong anther; style connate with the filament, tubular, recurved and truncate at the apex ; stigma a compressed, membranous ring, terminating the truncated apex of the style ; capsule three cells, three seeds; the whole spike and flowers intirely covered with fine down. OBSERVATIONS. Although it is the object of this work to give only figures drawn from living plants, yet it is hoped, it will not be thought an unpardonable deviation from that plan, to exhibit the present figure, although drawn from a preserved specimen only. To this we have been induced, from the consideration, that this plant appears, as far as our researches have extended, to be intirely new to this country, not having been figured or described by any author; whilst at the same time it serves to extend our knowledge of this very singular genus, and enables us to mark more precisely the distinctive features between it and its nearly approaching genus Maranta. From its general habit and appearance, this may be considered as one of the numerous tribe of large reed-like plants which grow in the moist woods, marshes, and banks of rivers in the tropical climates of America. Although we have examined many specimens of the flowers, we have not discovered any that contained the ripened seed; but their glumaceous inflorescence, interior, quadriform, winged bracte, and truncate annular stigma, sufficiently characterize its genus; whilst its singular foliage and lanuginose habit, enable us to distinguish it, with a peculiar degree of certainty, from all the other species. . The plant from which the present figure was drawn, was discovered in the island of Grenada, by Charles 8. Parker, Esq. to whom we have great pleasure in inscribing it, as a testimony of the grateful sense “ we entertain of the obligations conferred upon us, by the valuable additions he has enabled us to make to the knowledge of Scitaminean Plants. REFERENCES. eC 1. General bracte, enclosing a fascicle of flowers. 2. Partial bracte, inclosing two flowers. 3. Inner opposite quadriform bracte, peculiar to this genus. 4. Partial bracte opened, showing the opposite interior quadriform bracte, the calyx, and two flowers, one of which is frequently barren. A single flower separated. Do The flower magnified, showing the exterior and interior limb of the corolla. The filament, anther, style and stigma separated, and more highly magnified. Saas . The seed vessel magnified. a Viper Ze DG Qs PHRYNIUM CASUPO. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANN. Gey. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the filament; style tubular, revolute, truncate ; ee a circular membranous orifice, depressed ; seeds three. Srrc. Cuar.—Leaves radical, on long petioles, sheathed at the base, lanceolate, ovate, ineequilateral, with a dusky ganglion; scape rising from the sheath of the leaves, very long, foliaceous at the summit ; spike bursting from the petiole of the upper or floral leaf, oblong, imbricate ; outer bractes large, broad, ovate, concave, coriaceous, of a dusky brown; flowers yellow. Syy.—Bermudiana amplissimo folio. Plum. Hist. v. p- 21, 22. Maranta casupo, v. cachibou. Jacq. Fragm. tab. 63—69. Calathea discolor. Meyer, Fl. Essequibon. p. 7 Maranta casupo. Roémer & Schultes. v. i. p. 16. Maranta cachibou. Jd. v. i. p. 17. DESCRIPTION. Plant from 12 to 14 feet high; leaves radical, long-petioled, 2-3 feet long, broad-ovate-lanceolate, smooth on both sides, green above, whitish and powdered beneath; petioles sheathed at the base, ganglionated next the leaf; scape rising from the sheath of one of the radical leaves, erect, smooth, producing from its summit a series of secondary or floral leaves, ovate, inzequilateral, with vaginated or flower-bearing petioles ; spike oblong, imbricated, pedicellate, bursting from the floral sheath of the petiole; inflorescence glumaceous; outer bractes broad-ovate, carinate, imbricate, coriaceous, biflorous ; opposite bracte quadriform, angular, membranaceous, winged at the exterior angles; an intermediate ligneous bracte between every two flowers, narrow, linear, erect; inner bractes ovate; calyx superior, of three lanceolate leaves, hirsute; tube of the corolla cylindrical, villous, terminating in a double limb; outer limb in three lanceolate sections, equal, a greenish yellow; inner limb bilabiate, upper lip in two divisions, one ovate, bearing the anther on_ its margin, and forming the proper filament, the other irregularly bifid, hooded, protecting the style and stigma; lower lip broad-ovate, deeply bifid; lobes obtuse, crenate, yellow; anther ovate, grooved, terminating in a small recurved point, and attached to the margin of the filament by a short subulate process; style tubular, revolute, truncate at the apex; stigma a simple, cylindrical, membranous orifice, varying in its relative position to the anther according to the state of fructification ; capsule three-celled, three-valved; seeds three, oblong, angular, perforated with cavities within. OBSERVATIONS. Although this plant was figured upwards of a century ago by Plumier, amongst his inedited drawings, and has since been the object of anxious inquiry to several eminent botanists, yet the essential parts of its fructification, which alone can determine its genus, haye not hitherto been analyzed and described with that accuracy which is indispensable, before we can assign to it its proper station amongst the plants of the order to which it belongs. The figures of Plumier occupy two sheets, (Hist. 5. 21 and 22,) the first representing the intire plant on a diminished scale, the second the general inflorescence and leaf, of their natural size, together with a capsule and seed. With these our specimens have been carefully compared, and we have no doubt in considering them as the same plant, to which Plumier gave the name of “ Bermudiana amplissimo folio.” Upwards of a century after the death of Plumier, dried specimens of this plant were brought to the Imperial Garden at Schonbrunn, and were figured by Jacquin, in his Mragmenta (tah. 63, fig. 4, and again, tab. 69,) under the names Maranta Casupo and Maranta Cachibou, being only a different pronunciation of the same appellation ; but these figures throw little more light on the subject than those of Plumier, the condition in which he found the flowers being such as not to enable him to define the essential parts of their fructification. “ Hos corrugatos,” says he, “ valde teneros, cum genctalibus confusis, non potui ullo artificio explicare, astant etiam duo semina.” From which latter circumstance we may however conclude, that it could not have been a Maranta, the character of which is a berry-like capsule, with a single seed. It was in the extensive collection of Sir J. E. Smith, P.L.S. at Norwich, in the month of November 1823, that I had first the pleasure of observing native specimens of the spikes of the present plant, and of examining them with all the advantages derived from the experience and judgment of that distinguished botanist ; but although we made numerous attempts to unfold the dried flowers by immersion, &c. we were compelled to assent to the statement of Jacquin, and to acknowledge, that the parts were so intermingled and shrivelled, as to render their separation impracticable. Our labour was however, in some degree repaid, by our discovering that each capsule contained three oblong seeds, resembling that given by Plumier, thereby ‘confirming us in the idea that this plant could not properly be referred to the genus Maranta. In the month of August 1824, we received at the Botanic Garden in Liverpool, from Charles S. Parker, Esq. then on a visit to the island of Trinidad, the floral branch and leaves of the present plant, with the intire spike and capsules of the same, each capsule containing three seeds. These were accompanied by specimens of the flowers preserved in spirits, which, being carefully expanded and examined, displayed the parts of fructification in the most perfect state, and exhibited indisputable proofs of its exact accordance in every respect with the genus Phrynium, as established by Willdenow upon the Phrynium Capitatum, the proper type of the genus, and confirmed by many other species given in the present work. REFERENCES. The small figure of the intire plant, is a reduced copy from the drawing of Plumier, exhibiting its general habit and mode of inflorescence ; our specimen containing only the upper or flowering branch. — . Outer bracte, biflorous. 2. Opposite angular winged bracte. 3. exterior and winged bractes, in position. 4. Pair of interior floral bractes to each flower. 5. Erect, ligneous spatulate bracte, between the two flowers. 6. Calyx and intire flower. - Upper and lower lip of interior limb of corolla, with the anther, style and stigma. 8. Anther, style and stigma, after impregnation. 9. Anther, as attached to the filament. 10. Style and stigma detached. The three last figures slightly magnified. 11. Seed vessel. 12. Ditto opened, and showing the three cells, 13. Seed. 14. Section of the seed. tet hatwon at be consul ip paieiatly jad “Iotaeal or oblige Sie TOR. Sent a count Nem PHRYNIUM ELLIPTICUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANNE. Grn. Cuar.—Anther single, attached to the margin of the filament; style tubular, revolute, truncate ; stigma a circular orifice, depressed ; capsule three-celled; seeds three. Spec. Cuar.—Leaves on long foot-stalks, elliptical, ineequilateral, ganglionated, oblique at the apex; scape rising from the base of the leaves; spike terminal; flowers in a loose irregular panicle; floral bractes ovate, involute; spatulate bracte common to two flowers. Syy.—Maranta spicata, foliis oblongis, sub-falcatis caulenudo, floribus spicatis. Aublet Guian. Maranta spicata. Stith, in Rees’ Cyclop. Maranta spicata. Roémer & Schultes, i. 16. sp. 15. DESCRIPTION. Roots fibrous; leaves radical, ovate-oblong, unequally divided by the mid-rib, oblique at the apex, towards which the mid-rib makes a sudden turn; petioles long, round, with a_ pallid ganglion ; scape radical, simple, long, erect; spike terminal, in a loose panicle; inflorescence glumaceous; outer bractes ovate, involute, green, each containing two flowers, between which is found another bracte, erect, narrow, spatulate, coriaceous, upwards of an inch in length; interior bracte opposite to the exterior, quadriform, or angular, with a membranous wing at each angle; flowers in pairs, with a proper bracte to each flower; pedicels short ; germen ovate; calyx superior, of three green leaflets; corolla tubular, extending a little beyond the exterior involute bracte, expanding into a double limb; outer limb in three lanceolate sections, equal; inner limb bilabiate, the upper lip hooded, irregular, bearing on its incrassated margin the anther, attached by a short subulate filament; lower lip ovate, simple; flowers pale straw colour ; style tubular, revolute, truncate at the apex ; stigma a simple, circular orifice; seed a rugose, three-lobed, three-celled capsule, inclosing three oblong, angular, perforated seeds. OBSERVATIONS. The first account we have of this plant is by Aublet, who found it in a boggy forest in Guiana, and has described it under the name of Maranta spicata. From his herbarium, which came into the hands of Sir Joseph Banks, a leaf was given by Sir Joseph to the younger Linnzus, who has, in his herbarium, now in the possession of Sir J. EK. Smith, P.L.S. accompanied it with a rough drawing also of the spike of flowers, and a note in Swedish, saying, “ He had seen four leaves, all of the same strange shape.”— Sir J. E. Smith, in Rees’ Cyclop. The most striking particularity of this plant is found in its singularly formed leaf, which is accurately described by Sir J. E. Smith, as “ about a foot long, smooth and shining, with ‘ numerous principal, as well as intermediate transverse veins; the base is rather unequal, and the two halves of the leaves upwards much more so; one margin being curved, the other straight, the mid-rib running up perfectly straight, till it reaches the former margin, when it turns suddenly into the very short lateral or oblique point.” Its long ligneous clavate bracte between every pair of flowers, noticed also by Sir J. E. Smith, it has in common with Phrynium Casupo, and perhaps with some other species. In withdrawing this plant from the genus Maranta, where it has hitherto remained, we feel ourselves fully justified by its glumaceous inflorescence, its angular winged bracte, peculiar to Phrynium, its simple orbicular stigma, and its three oblong angular seeds; characters which it is impossible to mistake, and which will, it is hoped, serve to clear up one of the last and greatest difficulties which has hitherto retarded the knowledge of this portion of Scitaminean Plants. j For the opportunity of accomplishing this object, we are indebted to C. 8. Parker, Esq. who gathered many specimens of both the flowers and leaves of this plant in the year 1823, on the banks of the Pomeroon River at Essequibo. The figure in the present drawing represents a young plant intire, of the natural size; the leaf is that of a full grown plant, selected as a medium size from numerous specimens. To this plant we should probably have given the name of Phrynium spicatum, thereby retaining the specific appellation, had not that denomination been before applied by Dr. Roxburgh, in his Flora Indica, (vol. i. p. 5.) to a different species of Phrynium. We have therefore named it Phrynium ellipticum, from the singular form of its leaves, which are more accurately described by that appellation than those of almost any other plant with which we are acquainted. REFERENCES. . 1. A pair of flowers, showing the exterior and interior bractes common to both, the clavate bracte, the interior partial bractes, the two flowers, one expanded, the other inclosed in its sheath, with their respective pedicel, germen, and superior calyx, the tube of the corolla expanding into its outer and inner limb, the upper lip of the inner limb, antheriferous, the anther with its pedicel, the truncate style and stigma, and the opposite lower lip. 2. The binate unexpanded flowers, with the erect coriaceous spatulate bracte, common to both. 3. The exterior floral bracte. 4. The opposite angular winged bracte. 5. The germen and calyx. 6. Th 7. The stigma magnified. 8 9 oO germen, style and stigma. B The rugose capsule. bad it 10. The three seeds. oO same opened, showing the cells. 7 fj peg i Shs ‘ Onde rad THALIA GENICULATA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANNE. Gey. Cuarn—Anther single, attached by a subulate process to the margin of the filament, or upper lip of the corolla; style tubular, revolute ; stigma appendiculate; seed single. Srec. Coar.—Stem jointed, ramose; leaves lanceolate-acute, ineequilateral, midrib oblique; flowers in panicles, on long zig-zag foot-stalks ; floral bractes of two unequal scales, permanent, each enclosing two flowers and two seeds. Syy.—Thalia geniculata. Lin. Willd. i. 15. Thalia geniculata. Sir J. E. Smith, in Rees’ Cyclop. Thalia geniculata. Roemer & Schultes, i. 17. Thalia geniculata. Sprengel Syst. V. v.i. p. 8. DESCRIPTION. Plant from 4 to 6 feet high, rising with several strong fruticose stems, jointed at the divisions of the branches, and furnished at each joint with several long, erect, permanent spear-shaped bractes; leaves from one to two feet long, lanceolate-acute, terminating in an oblique irregular point, towards which the mid-rib makes a sudden turn; petioles about half the length of the leaf, with a short swelled ganglion next the leaf; flowers in fascicles; pedicels in a zig-zag form, having a floral bracte at every joint, of two irregular scales, each including two florets, with irregular partial bractes, inferior, permanent ; calyx none, except a ring of scattered bristles or hairs surrounding the base of the corolla; corolla monopetalous, with a double limb; outer limb in three nearly equal, ovate sections, white, finely striated with oblong, viclet spots; inner limb in two lips; upper lip erect, ovate, hooded, united towards the base with the proper filament, which disengages itself above, and supports the anther; lower lip larger, ovate, crenulate, violet colour; style connate with the tube of the corolla, longer than the filament, tubular, revolute; stigma ringent, extending below the mouth into a long, flat, membranous appendage, slightly notched at the apex; seed a regular, ovate, hard berry, the albumen of which is pierced with cavities for the embryo, in the same manner as T. dealbata. OBSERVATIONS. The difficulties which have attended the investigation of this plant have given it a degree of interest which would scarcely have been conceded to it, on account of either its beauty or its utility. To examine the plant in a living state, has fallen to the lot of but few botanists. For the present specimen we are indebted to the kindness of Charles S. Parker, Esq. who, amongst other plants, either new or of considerable rarity, given in this work, has favoured us with specimens of this 2 plant, the spikes flowers and fruit being preserved in spirits, so as to admit of the most full and satisfactory t 2 examination. From these the present figure and description are given; and as the seeds brought by Mr. Parker have already vegetated in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, we hope shortly to be afforded an opportunity of correcting any errors, or supplying any deficiencies, in our present description. As a genus this plant is immediately distinguished from Maranta and Phrynium by its very peculiar stigma, consisting of a long appendage or membrane, protruding from the mouth of the stigma, and generally lying opposite to, and receiving the pollen from, the anther; and also by its single, regular, ovate, perforated seed. 2 As a species it is characterized by its wild and irregular growth, its smooth elliptic leaves, the numerous bractes from its jointed stem, its 2~3-florous bractes or scales producing a succession of small violet-coloured - flowers, each, in decay, crowning with a convolute scroll, a single seed till ripe. These seeds are rather more oblong in shape, and smaller in size, than those of T. dealhata, and are perforated in a similar manner, The present plant was gathered by Mr. Parker, on the banks of trenches at Coffee-Grove, in Demerara. Its growth there is from four to five feet high. a REFERENCES. . Two flowers enclosed in the floral bractes. . 2 oOo -_ . The two flowers on their pedicels. 3. Germen, outer limb of the corolla, upper lip of the interior limb, anther, style and. stigma, in position. 4. Filament, anther, style and stigma, highly magnified. Or . Seed, with its permanent bractes. 2) Seed cut transversely. MA DEN ae THALIA DEALBATA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. CANNE. attached by a subulate process to the margin of the filament, or upper lip of the corolla; style tubular, revolute ; stigma appendiculate; seed single, perforate. Gey. Cuar.—Anther single, Spec. Cuar.—Scape radical, simple; spike compound ; floral bractes ovate, imbricate, biflorous; the stem and panicle covered with a farinaceous powder or meal. Syn.—Thalia dealbata. Sowerby, single plate, 1794. Thalia dealbata. Smith in Rees’ Cyclop. Peronia stricta. Redouté Liliac. tab. 342. Thalia dealbata. Bot. Mag. tab. 1690. Thalia dealbata. Brown Prod. Flor. Nov. Hol. 307. Thalia dealbata. Roemer § Schultes, v. i. p. 18. Peronia stricta. Idem. Thalia dealbata. Spreng. i. 8. DESCRIPTION. Root perennial, tuberous; stem radical, central, from 4 to 6 feet high, cylindrical, simple; spike bursting from a large foliaceous bracte, compound, each fascicle being inclosed in a secondary bracte; leaves broad- lanceolate-acute, from 12 to 18 inches long, strongly nerved, smooth on both sides, twisted or revolute at the apex; petioles long, round, terminating next the leaf with a ganglionated joint; floral bractes imbricate, cordate at the base, acute at the apex, with each an opposite, smaller, concave bracte, inclosing two flowers; calyx of three lanceolate, purple leaflets ; outer limb of corolla in three ovate sections, nearly equal, purple; inner limb in two lips, the upper one erect, of an irregular lunate shape, antheriferous, the lower one larger, deeply divided into two irregular mucronated lobes, of a dark purple colour; anther attached by a subulate process to the margin of the upper lip, ovate, grooved, yellow ; style cylindrical, tubular, revolute ; stigma ringent, with an appendage extending beyond the mouth, in a long membranous process or lip, slightly bifid at the apex; seed te b forated. a hard ovate berry, per’ OBSERVATIONS. A native of South Carolina, discovered by T. Millington, Esq. and introduced into this country by the late Mr. Fraser. The fine figure of it by the late excellent artist, Mr. Sowerby, delineated under the inspection of Sir J. E. Smith, first made this plant generally known. It has since been extensively cultivated as an aquatic E in our Conservatories, of which it forms one of the principal ornaments. This plant has given rise to some observations in Mr. Brown’s Prodromus Pl. Nov. Hol. p. 307, which will be found noticed in my preceding account of this genus. REFERENCES. j. Floral bracte. 2. Flowers in pairs. 3. Sections of exterior limb of corolla. 4: & 5. Upper and lower lip of interior limb. G. Filament, anther, style and stigma, magnified. 7. Style and stigma magnified. 8. The same, more highly magnified. 9. Anther, style and stigma, before expansion of the flowers, highly magnified. 10, 11. Capsule. 42. Transverse section of the seed, showing the interior cavities. , fe CLDRACPEL LEP VL- > ag > L COYCHIAMALI” HEDYCHIUM ACUMINATUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINES. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style ; filament long, slender, supporting the anther at its apex by a flexible ligament attached to the back ; capsule three-celled ; seeds numerous, arilled. Spec. Cuar.—Spike open, irregular; bractes one-flowered; filament shorter than the lip, somewhat recurved ; lip narrow-ovate, deeply divided into two sections; sections acute. DESCRIPTION. Roots perennial, tuberous; stems herbaceous, erect, simple, compressed, from three to four feet in height; leaves bifarious, lanceolate, smooth on the upper and villous on the under side; spike erect, loose, terminal ; rachis sub-triangular, and marked with pellucid white spots; common bractes cylindrical, smooth, mucronated ; inner bractes cuneate, membranous; calyx cylindrical, trifid, smooth, sheathing the tube of the corolla about half its length; outer limb of the corolla of three linear segments, pale yellow at the apex, and orange at the base; inner limb of three unequal segments; the two lateral ones narrow, linear, somewhat undulated and caniculated at the base; the middle segment, or lip, bifid, lobes acuminate, white ; claw caniculated at the base, and of a dark orange colour; filament shorter than the lip, recurved ; anther double, lobes large, embracing the style; style long, filiform, supported at the base by two blunt processes; stigma beautifully ciliated ; capsule green even when ripe, three-celled, three-valved, many-seeded, somewhat angular, compressed, retaining the outer and inner bractes as long as it remains on the stem, interior of the capsule a bright orange; seeds arilled. OBSERVATIONS. This plant was introduced from Napal by Dr. Watuicu, by whom specimens were sent in 1819, under the name of Hedychium Spicatum, but that appellation having before been applied to a different species, this was denominated Acuminatum, from the pointed sections of the lip, resembling a pair of shears. The living plant was afterwards sent by Dr. Waurcn to the Botanic Garden at Liverpool; where it flowered, towards the end of October, 1822, and produced its seeds, which were sown and vegetated. Although not so splendid as many of its congeners, it is a stately and beautiful plant, and its flowers are highly fragrant. REFERENCES. . Germen, calyx, and corolla. . Germen and calyx separate. . Germen, style, stigma, and germinal processes. S&S OO HO . Filament and anther. Inner bracte. . Outer bracte. TAS . Capsule, with the permanent bractes. . Seed-vessel open. ive) HEDYCHIUM SPICATUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINEE. Guy. Cuar.—Anther double, naked, attached at the back to the apex of the filament; filament grooved, embracing the style. Spc. Cuar.—Spike terminal, simple, loosely imbricated; outer bractes broad-ovate, hairy at the apex; filament shorter than the lip; lip deeply bifid; exterior segments of corolla erect; leaves alternate, linear- lanceolate. Syy.—Hedychium spicatum. Smith, in Rees’ Cyclop. Hedychium spicatum. Bot. Mag. 2300. Hedychium spicatum. Hooker, Exot. Fl. 1. 46. Hedychium spicatum. Loddiges’ Bot. Cab. 7. 653. Hedychium spicatum. Spica elongata, oblonga, multiflora, squamis laxe imbricatis, obtusissimis, trifloris, limbi interioris laciniis lanceolatis, labello obovato, bilobo, subsessili, stamen concolor, longitudine subzequante. Wallich, in MS. DESCRIPTION. Roots tuberous, running horizontally near the surface, with long succulent fibres; stem simple, herbaceous, three feet in height, erect, smooth, tinged with pink towards the base; leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate, 12-15 inches long, inzequilateral, smooth above, and downy underneath ; petioles short, decurrent, with a hairy stipule or ocrea; spike terminal, simple, loosely imbricate, 6—8 inches long ; fascicles 2-3 flowered ; rachis smooth ; outer bractes broad-ovate, hairy at the upper margin; inner bracte membranous, hairy at the apex, one to each flower; calyx tubular, sheathing the corolla half its length, trifid at the apex; tube of corolla 3—4 inches long; outer limb of three linear-lanceolate equal segments, erect, two of them immediately behind, and supporting the lip; inner limb of the corolla of three segments, two of them long, linear, equal, diverging at nearly right angles; lip broad, deeply divided into two lobes, erect; lobes ovate, obtuse, uniting in a short claw; filament strong, erect, shorter than the lip, grooved, embracing the style; anther bilobate, yellow ; style filiform, tubular, supported at the base by two blunt yellow processes ; stigma cup-shaped, compressed, beautifully ciliated with fine hairs ; capsule three-celled. OBSERVATIONS. “« Native of the borders of fields among the hills of Upper Napal, where it is called Wohutty-swa, and admired for its beauty and fragrance ; the latter being, according to Dr. Buchanan, (now Hamilton,) of a very powerful kind.” Smith, in Rees. Although this, according to the information of Dr. Wallich, (in MS.) “is the commonest of all the species,” it does not seem to have been long introduced into the gardens of India, not being enumerated among the rest of the genus in the Flora Indica of Dr. Roxburgh. It is also necessary to state, in order to prevent mistakes, that the copper-plate engraving of a plant published by Dr. Wallich, under an name of Hedychium spicatum, has since been found by him to represent another species which he has denominated ZH. trilobum, the lip of which is trifid ; but which I am not aware has hitherto been introduced into this country. The H. spicatum, we believe, flowered for the first time in this kingdom, at Lord Milton’s Conservatory, at Wentworth House, and the spike was sent by Mr. Cooper, his Lordship’s Botanic Gardener, to Liverpool, for the use of this work. The plant at present in the Liverpool Garden, was sent by Dr. Wallich, from Calcutta. We find from the Bot. Reg. No. 2300, that the H. spicatum “has been planted in the open border’ in the front of the stove and greenhouse at Mr. Kent’s, at Clapton, where they stood the winter, and made sone plants > but the specimen there figured, would not induce us to repeat the experiment. REFERENCES. than what were housed ;’ 1. Intire flower. 2, Exterior or general bracte. 3. Inner or proper bracte. 4. Calyx detached. 5. Germen, with its processes, style and stigma. Ritmersy iran necnnsussronvene LUNN SC Rng Amonigiam os ERENT TR % nt SSID RACK CR, AALGPE a = G6 y) “A (4 Ma HEDYCHIUM FLAVUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINES. Grn. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style; filament attached at the apex to the back of the anther ; capsule three-celled ; seeds numerous, arilled. Spec. Cuar.—Spike capitate, imbricate; filament the length of the lip; lip broad, deeply divided into two ovate lobes; leaves lanceolate-acute, terminating in a marcescent point, smooth above and downy below. Syv.—Hedychium flavum. Wallich in Flor. Ind. vol. I. p. 81. Curt. Bot. Mag. No. 2378. DESCRIPTION. Roots perennial, tuberous, running horizontally near the surface of the earth; stem simple, herbaceous, rufescent towards the base; leaves alternate, lanceolate-acute, with a long narrow twisted point, smooth on the upper surface, and villous beneath ; sessile on their sheathing base, with a stipula or ocrea 1—2 inches long, deeply notched, and covered with soft brown hairs; spike terminal, simple, 5—6 inches long, compact, imbricated ; common bractes coriaceous, oblong-ovate, finely ciliated towards the apex, 3—4 flowers in each ; inner bractes membranaceous, notched at the apex, striated, one to each flower; calyx sheathing the tube of the corolla half its length; the apex trifid, downy ; tube of the corolla upwards, of two inches long; outer limb of three linear segments, equal, narrow, reflexed ; inner limb in three segments, two of them equal, opposite, elliptic-ovate ; the third, or lip, larger, broad- ovate, deeply divided into two obtuse lobes; filament the length of the lip, grooved, embracing the style; anther double ; style supported by two short blunt germinal processes, and embraced by the filament and anther, beyond which it projects with a funnel-shaped stigma, finely ciliated; germen a downy capsule, three-celled; seeds numerous, arilled; the flower is intirely yellow, and has a scent delightfully fragrant, resembling the jonquil. OBSERVATIONS. A native of Silhet; sent, in 1818, by Dr. Carry, from Serampore, to the Botanic Garden, in Liverpool, where it flowered on the 22nd October, 1820. REFERENCES. . Inner bracte. _ . Outer bracte. Germen, with its processes, style, and stigma. Ss Co WO . Intire flower. : ~ 8 N HEDYCHIUM FLAVESCENS. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINES. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, naked, attached on the back to the apex of the filament; filament grooved, embracing the style. Sprc. Crar.—Spike terminal, capitate, imbricate, lower bractes broad, flat, obtuse, ciliated at the apex; upper bractes cylindrical, 2—3 flowered ; filament scarcely the length of the lip; lip broad, bilobate ; leaves villous beneath. Hedychium flavescens. Carey. DESCRIPTION. Roots tuberous, spreading horizontally, with long stringy fibres; stem herbaceous, erect, 6-8 feet high, rubescent for a few inches at the base, compressed, slightly villous; leaves alternate, sessile, long-lanceolate, marcescent at the point, pale green, smooth on the upper surface, villous below, with a long ligulated pallid ocrea; spike terminal, erect, compact, imbricated, lower bractes ovate, obtuse, flat, ciliated at the apex ; upper bractes cylindrical, 2-3 florous; calyx tubular, half the length of the tube of the corolla, villous; tube of corolla 3—4 inches long; outer limb in three equal, narrow, reflexed segments, yellow; inner limb in three segments, flavescent, the two lateral ones equal, broad, ovate, obtuse ; lip large, broad, two-lobed ; filament about the length of the lip, erect, grooved, embracing the style; anther large, double ; style filiform, supported at the base by two blunt processes; stigma cup-shaped, margin ciliated, extending beyond the anther; germen villous, three-celled, flowers delightfully fragrant. OBSERVATIONS. This fine and very distinct species seems to hold a middle rank between Coronarium and Flavum. It was sent by Dr. Carxy, from Serampore, to the Botanic Garden in Liverpool, in 1821, and flowered there in October 1822. Another plant flowered about a month earlier in the same year, in Lord Milton’s Conservatory, Wentworth House, Yorkshire. REFERENCES. 1. Outer bracte. 2. Inner bracte. 3. Calyx and ccrolla intire. 4, Filament, anther, and stigma. 5. Germen, style, and processes at the base. HEDYCHIUM CORONARIUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINE. Gey. Cuar.— en. Cuar.—Anther double, naked, attached at the back to the apex of the filament; filament long, grooved, embracing the style. Spec. C .—Spi i imbri HAR.—Spike capitate, imbricate ; bractes broad-ovate, acute at the apex; tube of the corolla very long; lip orbicular, deeply bifid; filament shorter than the lip; leaves lanceolate. Syv.—Lutisu Swa, of the Nawars, or Original Natives of Napal. Smith. Gooruk-nadtah, also Dulala-champa of the Bengalese. Roxb. Asiat. Res. xi. 325. Gandsulium. Rumph. Amb. vol. v. p. 175. ¢. 69. fig. 3. Hedychium coronarium. Koenig. in Retz. obs. Fase. iii. 78. Hedychium coronarium. Willd. vol. i. p. 10. Hedychium coronarium. Curt. Bot. Mag. 708. Hedychium coronarium. Smith, Exot. Bot. tab. 107. p. 96. Hedychium coronarium. Roxb. Asiat. Res. xi. 325. Flor. Ind. i. 9. Hedychium coronarium. Loddiges’ Cab. 51. DESCRIPTION. Root perennial, tuberous; stem simple, herbaceous, from 4 to 6 feet high, pink or rose colour at the base ; leaves in two opposite rows, alternate, lanceolate, smooth on the upper surface and villous beneath, -clasping the stem, and terminating with an erect membranous stipula; spike terminal, erect; bractes large, coriaceous, closely imbricated, forming an ovate cone — and each containing from 4 to 6 flowers, rising in succession ; calyx tubular, bifid, sheathing the corolla about half the-length of the tube; tube of the corolla very long, expanding into a large white flower, with a double limb; outer limb in three equal linear-lanceolate segments, declined; inner limb, or upper lip, of two elliptical, ovate, equal, undulated, segments, opposite to each other; lower lip broad, divided at the apex into two elliptic, ovate lobes; filament shorter than the lip, subulate, grooved, embracing the style throughout its whole length; anther attached at the back to the apex of the filament, bilobate; style slender, flexile, projecting a little beyond the anther, with two blunt processes at the base; stigma a ciliated cup; capsule three-celled, three-valved, oblong-ovate ; seeds many. OBSERVATIONS. Notwithstanding the numerous species of this genus which have of late years heen discovered, the Coronarium still maintains its rank, as well for its beauty as for the fragrance of its large magnificent drooping flowers, which induced Dr. Roxburgh, in his Flora Indica, to state that it was the most charming of all the plants of this natural order he had yet met with. “It is a native of various parts of Bengal and the neighbouring provinces ; flowers during the rains, and the seeds ripen in the early part of the cool season.” Flor. Ind. p. 9. “ It is also very generally cultivated for ornament; the Malay women decorate their heads with the flowers, which they use also emblematically, according to the oriental manners, sending them to any young man whom they wish to reproach with inconstancy in love, perhaps because the duration of such flowers is so very transient.” Sir J. E. Smith, in Rees’ Cyclop. The same author observes, that Dr. Buchanan found this plant, or at least a pale yellowish variety of it, wild about the borders of fields among the elevated mountains of Upper Nepal. Ibid. It may, however, be doubted whether the yellow variety be not a different species, which will be found figured in this ? work under the name of Hedychium Flavescens ; unless it should be thought that this plant is a hybrid between Hedychium flavum and H. coronarium. The last mentioned plant has been long cultivated in this country, and was the only species known of the genus, and also the only one cited by Dr. Roxburgh, in his Dissertation on _ Monandrian Plants, in Asiat. Res. published in 1810. But since that time, the species discovered have been so numerous, as to constitute one of the most extensive genera of Scitaminean Plants, as the present work will sufficiently show. Jor these numerous and beautiful additions, we are chiefly indebted to Dr. Carey, of Serampore, and Dr. Wallich, of Calcutta, who have enriched the Botanic Garden at Liverpool with the greater portion of the plants of this genus here figured, and the latter of whom has furnished the author with a specific description of several other species now cultivated in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta. _ This plant, like the rest of the genus, is peculiar to the more temperate climates of India, and has not, I believe, been found in its native state in any other quarter of the world. I have been told that it is grown for the beauty and fragrance of its flowers, in some of the islands in the West Indies, under the name of Myrosma Cannecfolia—a very different plant, which is now indisputably ascertained to be a Phrynium. REFERENCES. . Intire flower. nor Outer bracte. Inner ditto. Calyx. 2 Fw . Germen and processes, style and stigma. sails vaso the MPa’ pMaaimnim. Hat HEDYCHIUM MAXIMUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. Il. SCITAMINER. Gxy. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style; filament attached at the apex to the back of the anther ; capsule three-celled; seeds numerous, arilled. Srec. Cuar.—Spike capitate, imbricate; filament shorter than the lip; lip very broad, bilobate, outer bractes ciliate ; leaves sessile, sheathing, broad-lanceolate, smooth above and downy beneath. DESCRIPTION. Roots tuberous, fleshy, running horizontally; stems strong, erect, herbaceous, 10-12 feet high; leaves alternate, sessile, broad-lanceolate, smooth on the upper side and downy below; spike terminal, erect, compactly imbricated ; common bractes broad, ovate, obtuse, and ciliated towards the apex; inner bractes ovate, membranous, rufescent ; calyx superior, of one leaf, downy, cylindrical at the base, but inflated and opening upwards, and inclosing the tube of the corolla about one-third of its length; outer limb of the corolla of three linear-lanceolate segments, equal, reflexed; inner limb of three segments, the two lateral ones broad, ovate, equal; lip very broad, notched at the apex, crenate or undulate; faux hairy; filament shorter than the lip, slightly tinged with pink ; anther broad, two-lobed ; style from the germen to the tip of the anther about six inches long; stigma funnel- shaped, compressed, ciliate; germen with two short blunt processes supporting the style, downy; capsule three- celled ; seeds many, arilled. OBSERVATIONS. On a first view, this noble plant might be mistaken for a well-grown specimen of Hedychium coronarium, but will be found, on examination, to differ so materially as to prevent our considering it as even a variety of that species; although it may possibly be the plant referred to by Dr. Roxgureu, in Flora Indica, vol. I. p. 10, as a variety found in some of the interior provinces. Besides its being a much larger growing plant, it is readily distinguished by its large ovate and ciliated bractes, its broader leaves, and, frequently, by a very singular lobe, or tongue, projecting from the centre of the lateral segments of the corolla, but not constantly found; to this it may be added, that in Maximum the germen, faux, and calyx, are downy; whilst in Coronarium these parts are all smooth. A young plant of this species, about two feet high, was sent by Messrs. Loppicrs, of Hackney, on the 12th May, 1822, to the Botanic Garden, in Liverpool; where, by the 28th of August following, it had put out new stems from the root, and measured five inches in circumference near the base, and ten feet high, with leaves two feet long and eight inches broad; a rapidity of growth perhaps scarcely exceeded in its native climate. REFERENCES. {. Outer bracte. 2, Inner bracte. 3. The intire flower, showing the occasional lingulate process from the centre of the lateral lobe of the corolla. 4. Germen and inflated calyx. 5. Germen, with its processes, style, and stigma. We (Pe aes Se oe orm a ene ae ecg 2 eee eee Perera oh “ Finsapes ONE: ERS H Ie an ae wn SEA nd ae HEDYCHIUM GLAUCUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINIE. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style, naked; filament long, slender, attached to the back of the anther ; capsule three-celled; seeds numerous. Srxc. Cuar.—Filament twice the length of the lip; spike slender; flowers alternating by threes; bractes one- flowered; lip deeply bifid, segments acute ; leaves lanceolate-acute, equilateral. DESCRIPTION. Roots perennial, tuberous, horizontal, jointed; stems erect, smooth, 3—4 feet high ; leaves alternate, lanceolate-acute, equilateral, intire, smooth on both sides, glaucous below ; petioles short, extending upwards in a red stipule or ochrea; flowers alternating; spike slightly declined at the base; Rachis slender; outer bractes cylindrical, slender, smooth, except a small tuft of hairs at the apex, embracing the tube of the corolla; inner bracte pellucid; corolla with a double limb; outer limb in three equal long linear segments, reflexed; inner limb in three segments ; the two lateral ones lanceolate-obtuse; equal, intire, expanding; the lower one, or lip, on a short claw, ovate, but deeply divided at the apex; segments acute; filament twice the length of the lip, the upper part and anther red; style slender, supported at the base by two projecting processes, and embraced by the groove of the filament and anther; stigma funnel-shaped, compressed, ciliated ; flowers white. OBSERVATIONS. If the Hedychium gracile of Roxburgh, (Flora Indica, vol. I. p. 12.) be the Hedychium gracile of the plants of the Coast of Coromandel, fig. 251, it is a very different plant from that which is now figured, and to which we have therefore given the name of glaucum.—In the gracile, the filament is not longer than the inner limb of the corolla; in the glaucum, it is twice the length. In the former, the leaf is lanceolate-obtuse, or broader towards the point; in the latter, it is lanceolate-acute, or broader towards the base; in the former, it is represented as inzequilateral ; in the latter, it is equilateral ; diversities too striking to permit us to consider them as the same species. Iam indebted to Dr. Wallich, for a dried specimen of a plant agreeing both in the shortness of its filament and the form of the leaf, as well as in the lip of the corolla, with the outline in Coromandel Plants, and which I conceive to be the gracile figured in that work. The present small but elegant species flowered in Lord Milton’s Conservatory, in October, 1822; and was sent by Mr. Cooper, his Lordship’s Botanical Gardener, to the Botanic Garden in Liverpool. he A. MMT, Med com! vite VA CBU. SN is N é HEDYCHIUM VILLOSUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SH Pep fi coral ah 10 dice SECT. IT. SCITAMINER; GEN. Cuar.—Anther double, naked, attached at the back to the apex of the filament; filament long, grooved, embracing the style. SprEc. Cuar.—Spike erect; flowers irregular; bractes involute, tubular, villous; filament twice the length of the lip; anther small, heart-shaped, embracing the style. Syy.—Hedychium villosum. Roxb. Flor. Ind. vol. i. p- 12. Hedychium villosum, spica cylindrica, villosa, elongata, dense obsita fasciculis valde approximatis, trifloris, nunc conjugatis; bracteis ovalibus deciduis ; calyce tubi longi corolle dimidium superante ; labello subsellili profunde bifido, laciniis linearibus ;_ filamento longissimo, anthera minuta, sagittata ; foliis oblongis, valde acuminatis, Wallich, in MS. DESCRIPTION. Root perennial, fleshy, stoloniferous, running horizontally near the surface of the earth, and sending down long cordate fibres; stem herbaceous, erect, from 6 to 8 feet high, invested in the sheathing of the leaves, and of a ferruginous red at the base; leaves broad-lanceolate, downy on the mid-rib and margin, ending in a filiform twisted point, alternate, short-petioled, with a ligulated stipule or ocrea of about an inch in length, embracing the stem, and, as well as the margins of the sheathing, of a dusky red, slightly covered with a tawny down; spike terminal, erect, loose, spreading from the rachis, from 6 to 10 inches long; rachis angular and villous; flowers in irregular fascicles, but alternating in upright rows ; flowering bractes ovate, involute, apparently tubular, villous, 2—3 florous; inner bractes one to each flower, ovate, membranaceous ; calyx cylindrical, obliquely trifid, villous; tube of the corolla long, slender, slightly villous; outer limb in ' three equal, linear, twisted pendulous segments of a yellowish green colour; inner limb of three segments, the two lateral ones standing at right angles with the tube of the corolla, long, narrow, linear, broader and bifid at the apex, pure white; lip standing on a short concave claw, divided nearly to the base into two oblong-ovate spreading lobes, undulate and declined or twisted at the apex; filament twice the length of the lip, bright scarlet; anther cordate, compressed, with a ligature running across the two lobes as if to bind them together; style filiform, pellucid, white, supported at the base by two subulate processes ; stigma concave, green, slightly ciliated. OBSERVATIONS. A native of the mountains north-east of Bengal, from whence it was sent in 1815, by Mr. Matthew Robert Smith, Collector for the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, to Dr. Wallich, to whom we are indebted, at the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, for the plant from which the present drawing was made, together with a characteristically engraved figure of it, although on a diminished scale. Dr. Wallich has also communicated another species under the name of Hedychium tenuiflorum, which resembles the present, as well in the deep-lobed, undulated lip, as in the small sagittate anther, but which he thinks d isti from Villosum; to which, as far as our observations have extended, very doubtful, and perhaps not distinct 5 ' the small cordate or sagittate anther is peculiar. The chief diversity we have observed between our plant and that described in the Flora Indica, is in mid-rib of the leaves, and in the colour of the flowers, It is observed by Dr. Wallich, the downy margin and which in the Flora Indica are described as of a pale yellow colour, whilst in ours they are a pure white. that “the flowers of this species are less succulent than those of HL. coronarium and H. angustifolium, and . delightfully fragrant, even when dry.” Wallich, MS. REFERENCES. Intire flower. Outer bracte. Inner bracte. Ths 2, Bs 4. Germen and calyx. 5. Anther and stigma magnified. 6. Germen and processes, style and stigma. HEDYCHIUM ELLIPTICUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINER. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, naked, terminal, attached on the back to the apex of the filament. Spec. Cuar.—Spike capitate, imbricate, fastigiate ; outer bractes one-flowered, ovate, acute ; flowers radiated, white; lateral segments of the inner limb of corolla elliptic; lip acuminate, slightly bifid at the apex ; filament twice the length of the lip; anther scarlet ; leaves broad-lanceclate, smooth on both sides, terminating in a purple stipule or ocrea, embracing the stem. Hedychium ellipticum. Buchanan (Hamilton) ap. Smith in Rees’ Cyclop. in loco. DESCRIPTION. Roots perennial, tuberous, running horizontally near the surface of the ground; stem herbaceous, from four to five feet high, smooth; leaves alternate, on short concave petioles, broad-lanceolate, sub-elliptic, of a thin texture, smooth on both sides, dark green above, and paler below; sheathing smooth, and terminating in a short, obtuse, emarginate stipule or ocrea of a purple colour; spike terminal, capitate, imbricate, fastigiate, flowering in a radiated whorl, ten inches in diameter; bractes one-flowered, ovate, lanceolate, acute, with a membranous margin; inner bractes cuneate, membranous; calyx tubular, sheathing the tube of the corolla one-third its length, bidentate, slightly villous at the apex; outer limb of the corolla in three equal, linear, revolute segments, pale yellow; inner limb with two lateral segments, elliptic-ovate, or cuneate, standing on long channelled claws, and rather longer than the lip, pure white ; lip ovate, acuminate, bifid at the apex, standing on a strong channelled claw, pure white ; filament more than twice the length of the lip, scarlet; anther very long, two-lobed, scarlet ; style tubular, 6 inches long, supported at the base by two subulate orange-coloured processes, and terminating in a green, cup-shaped, ciliated stigma ; germen villous. OBSERVATIONS. Our first notice of this beautiful, and as yet uncommon species of Hedychium, is from, Dr. Buchanan, (now Hamilton,) who gathered it, July 26, 1802, at Naramhetty, in Upper Nepal, where it grows about the borders of fields among the mountains. Sir J. E. Smith, in Rees’s Cyclop. No other Botanist, says Sir James, has ever observed this species, which would be as desirable an addition to our gardens as the coronarium. Living plants have been received at the Liverpool Botanic Garden, from Dr. Wallich, at Calcutta, and from Mr. Brocager, at Hoogly, in Bengal; from the latter of which the present drawing was made. REFERENCES. 1. Outer bracte. 2. Inner bracte. Intire flower. ye 4. Filament and anther. 5. Germen, processes, style and stigma. HEDYCHIUM THYRSIFORME. MONANDRIA MONOGYN IA. SECT. II. SCITAMINER. Gry. Cuar.—Anther double, naked, attached at the back to the apex of the filament; filament long, grooved, embracing the style. Srec. Cuar.—Filament twice the length of the lip; spike ovate, dense; bractes convolute, numerous, closely appressed, reflexed, lip long, linear, deeply divided into two lanceolate lobes. Syy.—Hedychium thyrsiforme. Smith, in Rees’ Cyclop. Hedychium heteromallum. Bot. Register, No. 767. DESCRIPTION. Roots tuberous, fleshy, with long, cord-like fibres; stem herbaceous, simple, erect, from 4 to 6 feet high ; leaves alternate, elliptical, undulated, with a filiform point, strongly nerved, of a shining green colour on the upper surface, paler and downy below; the sheathing of the leaves purpurescent and villous, terminating in a ligulated obtuse ocrea; spike a compact, partially imbricated thyrsus; bractes numerous, conyolute, reflexed, 2—3 florous ; outer bracte broad-lanceolate, green; inner bracte shorter and membranaceous ; calyx superior, three-toothed, sheathing the tube of the corolla three-fourths its length; outer limb of corolla in three equal, long, narrow, linear-reflexed segments; inner lip of three segments, the two lateral ones equal, long, linear, revolute; the central one or lip deeply divided into two long lanceolate, pointed lobes, of a white colour, except a tinge of yellow at the base ; filament twice the length of the lip, recurved, white; anther broad-ovate, large, reflected; style filiform, supported at the base by two slender, white, germinal processes ; stigma a ciliated cup. OBSERVATIONS. * Gathered by Dr. Buchanan in 1802, at Narainhetty, in Upper Nepal, with the H. spicatum, from which the natives do not by name distinguish it. It differs, however, in its much shorter and very dense spike, and long stamen and style ; the calyx moreover has three teeth, and the lip of the flower is finely toothed.”Sir J. E. Smith, in Rees’ New Cyclop. Specimens of this rare species were received by the author from Dr. Wallich, at Calcutta, in 1819. By its compact spike, convoluted and reflexed bractes and elliptic leaves, it is sufficiently distinguished from every other species. The present drawing was made from a plant sent by Messrs. Loddiges & Sons, of Hackney, and which flowered in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, in the year 1822. REFERENCES. . Intire flower. . Calyx. . Germen, and its subulate processes, style and stigma. Bm go MO . Outer bracte. Inner bracte. & OVHOCUPN © ae L y VLAD) ¢ NS SN SS Cy a SS cere aneg e n en i earn ; Se prcaerpae er EE HEDYCHIUM CARNEUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Se SECT. II. SCITAMINES. naked, attached at the bac embracing the style. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, k to the apex of the filament; filament long, grooved, Srrc. Cuar.—Spike inclined, open, regular; flowers growing by threes, and alternating into six rows; lower lip two-lobed, papilonaceous ; lateral segments broad-elliptic ; leaves lanceolate; rachis hirsute. Syy.—Hedychium carneum. Loddiges, Bot. Cab. 7. 693. Hedychium carneum, spica ovato-oblonga, aperta, bracteis patentibus, ovatis, subconvolutis, 2-3 floris; limbi interioris laciniis cuneatis ; labello bilobo, infundibuliformi, plicato ; ungue brevi; filamento longissimo ; foliis subtus vaginisque villosis, sub-bifariis. Wallich, in MS. DESCRIPTION. Roots thick, fleshy ; tubers running near the surface, with long fibres ; stem erect, 5—6 feet high, smooth, pale green; leaves bifarious, alternate, lanceolate, sessile, dark green above, paler and scattered with fine hairs on the margin and mid-rib below, terminating at the base on the stem with a closely adhering pallid or slightly coloured villous stipule or ocrea, about an inch in length ; spike terminal, somewhat inclined ; rachis triangular, villous; fascicles of flowers growing by threes, and alternating so as to form six upright rows or lines; outer bractes inferior, lanceolate, villous, involute in a tubular form, as long as the tube of the corolla, each containing two flowers; inner bracte smaller and membranaceous;_ calyx superior, sheathing the tube of the corolla; apex obliquely bifid, villous; outer limb of corolla in three equal segments, narrow, linear, irregularly diverging, tortuose; inner limb in three segments, the two lateral segments equal, expanding, of an elliptic shape; the lower segment or lip on a channelled claw, expanding into two distinct irregularly sub-ovate, papilonaceous lobes; flowers flesh colour; filament twice the length of the lip, slender, grooved, scarlet; anther double, attached by the back to the apex of the filament, embracing the style; style very slender, supported at the base by two blunt yellow germinal processes; stigma concave, ciliated at the margin ; germen villous; capsule ovate, three-celled, many-seeded ;_ seeds globular, scarlet, arilled. OBSERVATIONS. Although we cannot intirely agree with Dr. Wallich, that “the present plant is not to be specifically distinguished from HH. elatum,” yet we have no doubt of his accuracy when he informs us, that “ it varies exceedingly, according to elevation, soil and culture,” having ourselves observed a plant which flowered in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, in the summer of 1826, and which varied from the present with flowers of a chalky white, and a crimson spot in the centre, as well as in some other particulars; but which we did not think sufficiently distinct to add to the numerous specimens already given. The present plant is more nearly related to angustifolium and longifolium than to elatum, from both of which it differs in the peculiar appearance of its more scanty spike of flowers, and in its somewhat broader lanceolate leaf. a The present drawing was made from a plant received in 1822 at the Botanic Garden in Liverpool, from Mr. Joseph Cooper, Lord Milton’s Botanic Gardener at Wentworth House, which flowered in September 1823, and perfected its seed. one 1. Germen and calyx. 2, Intire flower. 3. Outer bracte. 4. Inner bracte. 3. Germen, style with its processes and stigma. 6. Seed, with its aril. 7. Capsule. 8. Ditto, opened. . | HEDYCHIUM COCCINEUM. MONANDRIA MON OGYNIA. Se ee ee SECT. II. SCITAMINER. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, naked, attached at the back to the apex of the filament; filament grooved, embracing the style. Spec. Cuar.—Spike Open, regular, flowers alternating in six rows; bractes cylindrical, biflorous; lip bilobate ; filament twice the length of the lip; leaves short, lanceolate-acute, mid-rib hairy below. Syy.—H. Coccineum, Smith in Rees’ New Cyclop. Sp. 5. H. Angustifolium, Pl. Corom. No. 251. H. Angustifolium, Bot. Reg. No. 157. DESCRIPTION. Root perennial, tuberous ; stem simple, herbaceous, 5—G feet high ; leaves bifarious, sessile, lanceolate-acute, from six to eight inches long, glaucous, with an ovate, smooth, pale rose-coloured stipule sheathing the stem, and a few scattered hairs all the length of the mid-rib, on the under side the leaves; spike 6—8 inches long; rachis sub-hexagonal, slightly hairy; flowers alternating in six rows; bractes cylindrical, green, biflorous, smooth, with a slight tuft of white hairs at the apex; inner bracte to each flower cuneate, membranous; calyx cylindrical, three- toothed, sheathing the tube of the corolla half its length, and scattered with white hairs; outer limb of the corolla of three long, linear, reflexed, tortuose segments; inner limb in three segments, two of them equal, linear, sub-elliptic and undulated ; the third, or lip, standing on a long contracted claw, and expanding at the apex into two equal, ovate lobes; filament twice the length of the lip, grooved, embracing and concealing the style; anther double, attached on the back, at about one-third its length, to the apex of the filament ; style rising between two short, blunt, germinal processes, and terminating a little beyond the anther, in a compressed, ciliated, cup-shaped stigma ; germen downy, three-celled. OBSERVATIONS. The first notice we derive of this fine and very distinct species of Hedychium, is from a specimen gathered by Dr. Francis Hamilton, (late Buchanan,) at Suembu, in the year 1802, an account of which is given by Sir J. E. Smith, in Rees’s New Cyclopedia, from which it appears, that it is a native of the woods of Upper Napal, where it is known by the name of Gunculo-Swa. This is also the plant figured in the Coromandel Plants, No. 251, under the name of H. angustifolium, although the description there given does not apply to the plant there figured, being the description of the real H. angustifolium, a very different species. The true Coccineum is also figured in the Bot. Reg. No. 157; and although the Editor justly observes, that he can scarcely doubt it is the Coccineum of Sir J. I. Smith, as described in the Cyclopzedia, yet he has been led, on the authority of the Coromandel Plants, to retain the specific name of Angustifolium. From him we learn, that this species was first introduced into this country by Sir Abraham Hume, and that the plant from which the drawing there given was taken, and the accurate description was made, flowered in the hot-house at Wormleybury. The LH. Coceineum may be readily known from all the regularly-spiked plants of the same genus with red flowers, by its shorter leaf, tapering directly from nearly its base to a sharp dagger-like point, and the mid-rib hairy below. The leaves of all the other species are much longer, and more or less inclined to a linear form. In Curtis’s Bot. Mag. No. 2078, a figure is given of an Hedychium under the name of Angustifolium, which the Editor suspects to be the variety of Coccineum mentioned by Dr. Buchanan, which Sir J. E. Smith is inclined to think may be a distinct species. It is highly satisfactory to find, that both ee opinions are ml founded. The species thus referred to has flowered, for several successive years, in the a Garden at Liverpool; and being specifically distinct from both Coccineum and Angustifolium, will be found figured in the present work under the name of H. aurantiacum. N.B. In our Observations on H. longifolium in the present work, (lines 9 and 10,) the references to Bot. Mag. 2078, and Bot. Reg. fig. 157, should be transposed, our H. aurantiacum having been published under the name of angustifolium in the former, and not eral tLOS WOT KS. HEDYCHIUM LONGIFOLIUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINER. naked, attached at the back b filament long, flexible, Src. Cuar.—Spike open, regular, Gen. Cuar.—Anther double, y a flexible ligament to the apex of the filament; grooved, embracing the style. flowers in whorls of threes, alternating on the spike into six rows; bractes biflorous ; lip bilobate, papilionaceous ; filament twice the length of the lip; leaves long, linear, equilateral, glaucous; midrib hairy below. Syy.—Long-leaved, red garland-flower. DESCRIPTION. Roots perennial, tuberous; stem 6-8 feet high, glaucous, smooth, erect ; leaves opposite, alternate, linear- lanceolate, two feet long, terminating in a filiform point, smooth on both sides, except the midrib on the under side, which is hairy, and striated with pellucid spots ; sheathing of the leaves terminating in an ocrea, or ligulated stipule embracing the stem, about an inch in length, white ; spike slightly declined, 12 inches or upwards in length; rachis obtusely triangular, with fine pellucid spots ; flowers surrounding the spike in threes, alternating and forming six rows ; bractes biflorous ; outer bracte green, smooth, slightly hairy at the point; inner bracte cuneate, slightly ciliated ; calyx tubular, half the length of corolla, trifid, hairy ; corolla with a double border ; exterior limb in three equal segments, long, linear, narrow, reflexed; interior limb in three segments, the two lateral ones broad, elliptic-ovate, the third or lip on a contracted channelled claw, expanding into two broad, ovate, folding lobes ; filament erect, tapering, twice the length of the lip, grooved, embracing the style; anther double, terminal, attached at about one-third on the back, by a flexible ligament to the point of the filament ; style very slender, embraced by the filament, and extending a little beyond the anther; stigma a compressed cup, finely ciliated 5; germen hairy; capsule three-celled; seeds arilled. OBSERVATIONS. This is one of the fine species of Hedychium flowering in a regular open spike, with red, or orange- coloured flowers ; of which several others are known, from all of which the present species. is distinguished by its long, linear-lanceolate leaves, and the broad, elliptic, lateral segments of the inner limb of the corolla. In other respects H. longifolium approaches nearest to H. carneum, of which an elegant figure is given in Loddiges’ Bot. Cab. fig. 693; but is distinguished, not only by its leaves,. but by the stipule or ocrea at the base of the leaf, which in longifolium is long and white, in carnewm shorter and red; by the colour of the flower, which in carneum isa pale flesh colour ; and by the scent, which in carneum is very fragrant, but in longifolium is scarcely perceptible. From H. coccinewm, figured under the name of H. angustifolium, in Coromandel Pl. fig. 254. Bot. Mag. 2078; from H. aurantiacum, figured as angustifolium, Bot. Reg. fig. 157; as well as from the true Hedychium angustifolium, this species may be known, as well by the form, as by the greater length of the leaves, which in all those species are lanceolate-acute ; by its glaucous colour, and hairy midrib below ; by the broad lateral segments of the interior limb of the corolla; and by its being nearly without scent. the Botanic Garden in Liverpool, by Dr. Wallich, in 1819, by the name under which This species was sent to it was then known in India, of Medychium coccineum; but the true coccineum having already been described by . : \ i i i Ve specific name became necessary. In a fine native specimen sent Sir J. E. Smith, in Rees’s New Encyclop. another sp p me by Dr. Wallich, from Calcutta, the spike of the flower is one foot, and the leaf two feet in length, REFERENCES. | . Corolla. . Germen, style, and stigma. Calyx. Outer bracte. oP EPs . Inner bracte. SELL EG Sesame HEDYCHIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ee ee ee SECT. II. SCITAMINER. Gry. Cuar.—Anther double, naked, attached at the back to the apex of the filament; filament grooved, embracing the style; stigma a ciliated cup; capsule three-celled. Srec. Cuar.—Spike open, regular, flowers in threes, alternating into six rows; bractes biflorous ; lip deeply divided into two equal, obtuse segments ; leaves sessile, alternate, distich, linear-lanceolate, ending in a filiform point, smooth on both sides. Syy.—Hedychium angustifolium, Roxb. Flor. Ind. vy. i. p. 11. Corom. Pl. No. 254, (exclusa figura.) DESCRIPTION. Root tuberous, running horizontally, perennial; stem herbaceous, erect, 5—G6 feet high ; leaves bifarious, sessile, alternate, linear-lanceolate-acute, 15—18 inches long, 1} broad, with a filiform, twisted, slightly hairy point, dark green above, glaucous beneath, smooth on both sides, terminating in a short, ligulated, obtuse, rose-coloured stipule, or ocrea ; spike terminal, declined, hairy, 6-12 inches long ; flowers in whorls of threes, alternating on the rachis, and forming six distinct upright rows ; outer bractes cylindrical, sea-green, smooth, with a few scattered hairs at the point; inner bractes membranous, bifid, with a tuft of hair at the points; calyx superior, sheathing the tube of the corolla its whole length, three-toothed; outer limb of corolla three linear, equal, reflexed, tortuose segments; inner limb of three segments, the two lateral ones equal, ovate, elliptic, the lower one or lip expanding into two deeply- divided ovate lobes; filament twice the length of the lip, grooved, flesh-colour ; anther long, naked, bilobate, dark orange ; style long, slender, supported by two blunt germinal processes, about a quarter of an inch in length; stigma concave, ciliated; germen ovate, hairy. OBSERVATIONS. Although figures of Hedychium angustifolium are professedly given in the Coromandel Plants, No. 254, Bot. Mag. 2078, and Bot. Reg. 157; none of these appear to us to exhibit the true plant, the figure of which is now, we believe, for the first time published. It must further be remarked, that in the first of the above-mentioned works, the figure does not agree with the description, but is the H. coccineum accurately described by Sir J. E. Smith, in Rees’s New Cyclop. sp. 5, and figured also in Bot. Reg. No. 157, as H. angustifolium. That the Editors of the last-mentioned work were, however, in some degree aware of the error, is apparent from the following passage in Bot Reg. v. ii. p. 157. After adverting to the four new species added to this genus, by Sir J. E. Smith, in Rees’s Cyclopzdia, from specimens collected in India by Dr. Buchanan (now Hamilton,) they cbserve, ‘ We can scarcely doubt that our plant is the coccineum of these, notwithstanding some slight differences in the detail, scarcely indeed exceeding such as might be expected in a description from the dried specimen, when referred to the living; but the identity of our plant with the angustifolium of the late Dr. Roxburgh, being beyond a cavil, and the account of it having long been written under that title, and now actually printed in the forthcoming fasciculus of the work on the Plants of the Coast of Coromandel, we feel ourselves warranted in adopting it, although not the one first published.” To this passage Dr. Wallich has referred in a note in Flor. Ind. vol. i. p. 82, where he says, “ Notwithstanding the opinion which this distinguished Botanist (the Editor of the Bot. Reg.) has expressed, I am led to suspect that H. coccineum of Sir J. E. Smith (Rees’s New Cyclopedia, in loco) is a distinct species, of which I have examined the original eee ee ee te ee ee drawing, left by my inestimable friend and predecessor, Dr. F. Buchanan, at the Botanic Garden at Calcutta.” And in a letter from Dr. Wallich to myself, dated Calcutta, 4th Dec. 1824, he observes, that “ The H. coccineum is undoubtedly Hamilton’s (Buchanan’s) plant, distinguished by its ensiform leaves and red colour from the nearest species.” The validity of the distinction between coccineum and angustifolium being thus established, it only remains to show in what particulars that distinction consists, which, it is hoped, will be sufficiently seen by the figures and descriptions given in the present work. Our first acquaintance with the true angustifolium was derived from a specimen found by the late lamented Dr. Smith, in Sylhet, and sent me by Dr. Wallich in 1819, which perfectly agrees with the description in Flor. Ind. and with the figure now published, the plant of which was also sent to the Liverpool Botanic Garden by Dr. Wallich. The flower is sweet, but not so fragrant as the coccineum. ‘The Hedychium angustifolium of Bot. Mag. No. 2078, is the orange-coloured variety of Sir J. E. Smith’s coccineum, and is given in this work as a distinct species, by the name of H. aurantiacum. REFERENCES. ‘1. Intire flower. 2. Inner bracte. _3. Outer bracte. 4, Germen and calyx. 5. Lip. 6. Germen, with its processes, style and stigma. ae Clad HE ag? og a HEDYCHIUM AURANTIACUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINEE. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, naked, attached at the back by a flexible ligament to the apex of the filament; filament grooved, embracing the style. Spec. CuHar.—Spike open, regular, flowers alternating in six rows; bractes cylindrical, acute, villous at the apex, 2—3-florous ; filament twice the length of the lip; lip deeply separated into two lobes; leaves alternate, bifarious, sessile, narrow-lanceolate, mid-rib hairy. Syy.—H. coccineum (var. aurantiacum). Buchanan, ap. Sir J. E. Smith, in Rees’s New Cyclop. Wallich, Flor. Ind. vol. i. p. 82, in note. H. angustifolium. Curtis, Bot. Mag. No. 2078. DESCRIPTION. _ Roots tuberous, spreading horizontally ; stems erect, herbaceous, of a purplish colour when young; leaves bifarious, sessile, narrow-lanceolate, the mid-rib and apex villous, purplish on the under surface when young; sheathing of the leaves terminating in a very short pallid ligula or ocrea, embracing the stem; spike terminal, slightly declined, dense, regular, flowers alternating in three, and forming six erect rows on the rachis, which is hairy ; bractes cylindrical, 2—3-florous, formed of a broad, lanceolate, finely-pointed leaf, villous at the apex; inner bracte to each flower cuneate, membranous; calyx cylindrical, three-toothed, inflated, nearly as long as the tube of the corolla; exterior limb of the corolla in three equal, long, narrow, linear, reflected, tortuose segments ; inner limb of two equal, sub-elliptic narrow segments, opposite, expanding, the third segment or lip, standing on a long linear claw, and dividing into two distinct, ovate, intire, papilonaceous lobes, the whole flower a bright orange colour; filament slender, more than twice the length of the lip ; anther double, orange colour ; style rising between a pair of short orange coloured germinal processes, and terminating in a cup-like ciliated stigma. OBSERVATIONS. The H. aurantiacum is the plant observed by Dr. Buchanan (now Hamilton) as a variety of coccineum, differing in its denser spike, and orange-coloured flowers, and conjectured by Sir J. E. Smith to be a distinct species, which has proved to be the case, it having flowered annually for several years in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, and always maintaining its peculiar characters. Although figured in Bot. Mag. 2078, under the name of H. angustifolium, the Editor appears to have been aware that this was the unnamed variety before referred to, and which we have been induced to distinguish by the name of aurantiacum. The present plant, which was sent to Liverpool by Dr. Wallich in 1819, is highly and delightfully scented, and has flowered in a much larger spike than the specimen here given, which was drawn August 11, 1822. REFERENCES. . Intire flower. 2, Germen, processes, style and stigma. 3. Outer bracte. 4. 5. Lip. Inner bracte. th. eo se" gh 5 fae f REPLI GEENA a, aa —- —- —s 2 4 p atm er ac ‘ JZ HEDYCHIUM GARDNERIANUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYN IA. a a eee eee ee SECT. II. SCITAMINE®. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, naked, attached at the back by a flexible ligament, to the apex of the filament; erect, grooved, embracing the style. Spec. Cuar.—Spike Open, regular; filament long, flowers alternating in six rows; bractes biflorous ; lip broad-ovate, bifid ; filament twice the length of the lip ; capsule three-celled ; seeds numerous, arilled. Syy.—Hedychium Gardnerianum, Mr. Garpyer’s Garland-flower. Bot. Register, No. 774. DESCRIPTION. perennial, running near the surface of the earth, and throwing out numerous long fibres ; stem simple, herbaceous, smooth, from six to eight feet high ; leaves alternate, Roots tuberous, bifarious, broad-lanceolate-acute, from eight to twelve inches long, smooth on both sides ; sheathing ending in an obtuse smooth stipule, or ocrea ; spike terminal, smooth, slightly declined at the base ; flowers alternating on the spike in six rows; common bractes ovate, smooth, biflorous ; inner bracte one to each flower, ovate, smooth, except a small tuft of hairs at the apex; calyx tubular, tribolate, slightly ciliated at the apex, sheathing the tube of the corolla nearly half its length; outer limb of the corolla in three segments, narrow, equal, linear, reflexed; inner limb in three segments, two of them equal, lanceolate; the third or lip broad-ovate, bifid at the apex ; filament erect, twice the length of the lip, grooved, embracing the style, and supporting the anther by a. flexible ligula inserted at the back, at about a third of the distance from its base; anther oblong, ovate, double, naked ; style long, linear, supported at the base by the germinal processes, and terminated with the concave stigma projecting beyond the anther, and beautifully ciliated; capsule three-celled, seeds numerous, arilled, dark red, aril scarlet. The flowers are of a pale yellow, or lemon-colour, strikingly contrasted with the scarlet filament, and have a powerful fragrance, resembling that of the jonquil. OBSERVATIONS. Our first knowledge of this superb Plant, was derived from a fine dried specimen, the spike of which was eighteen inches long, sent by Dr. Wauzicu, from Calcutta, to which we had given the name of HI. excelsum; but having afterwards, (in September 1819,) received from the same liberal quarter, the living Plant, under the name of H. Gardnerianum, a name adopted by Dr. Wauiicn, in honour of Epwarp Garpyer, Esq. British Resident at the Court of Napal, and having since communicated it to other collections under that name, we now wish it to be confirmed. This plant, which Dr. Wauxicu justly denominates species omnium pulcherrima, flowered in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, on the 4th October, 1820, and produced seeds, which have vegetated. REFERENCES. Calyx. The corolla intire. . Style and stigma. Common bracte. Proper bracte. Seed vessel. Ao ato Sm Capsule opened. . Seed arilled. . Seed naked. Oo D 0 hte BL a te ee: HEDYCHIUM ELATUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYN IA. SECT. II. SCITAMINER. naked, attached at the back to the apex of the filament ; filament long, flexible, grooved, embracing the style ; capsule three-celled Sprc. Cuar.—Spike Open, regular, flowers in whorls of three, Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, ; seeds numerous, arilled. alternating on the spike into six rows; bractes tubular, 3-4-florous ; filament twice the length of the lip ; lip bilobate, lobes elliptic-ovate, flesh- colour in the centre, the rest a dull milky white; leaves smooth and dark green above, glaucous and villous below, mid-rib below red or purple. Syy.—Hedychium elatum. Bot. Reg. No. 526. Hedychium elatum. Loddiges’ Bot. Cabinet. No. 856. DESCRIPTION. Root tuberous, very large, running horizontally near the surface of the earth, perennial; stem erect, from 12 to 14 feet high, herbaceous ; leaves alternate, sessile, broad-lanceolate, from 18 to 24 inches in length, smooth on the upper surface, villous and glaucous below, mid-rib below red, the young leaves are a faint purple below, but lose it with age. Stipule or ocrea embracing the stem, obtuse, purple, very villous; spike terminal, nearly erect, from 18 to 20 inches in length, very strong, hirsute ; outer bractes inferior, cylindrical, ovate, ciliate; inner bractes pellucid, downy ; flowers growing in whorls of three, alternating on the spike, so as to appear in six rows when viewed from the apex downwards ; calyx superior, sheathing the tube of the corolla nearly its whole length, greenish yellow, villous; corolla with a double limb; outer limb in three long linear, slender, reflected, tortuose segments, yellow; inner limb in three segments, two lateral segments equal, elliptic-ovate, slightly crenate, flesh- coloured towards the base, a pale milky white above; lip deeply divided into two lobes, lobes trapeziform, margins slightly ciliated, rufescent towards the base, the rest a dull greyish white; filament twice the length of the lip, flexile, flesh-coloured, grooved, and receiving the style, attached at the apex by a flexible ligament to the back of the anther, which is bilobate, grooved, and receives the style, which extends a little beyond it, and terminates in a concave ciliated stigma; germen three-celled, with two short blunt processes supporting the style at the base. OBSERVATIONS. The figures above referred to, in Bot. Cab. No. 856, and Bot. Reg. No. 526, having been drawn from smaller specimens, give a very inadequate idea of this most magnificent plant; which, as has been well observed by Mr. Brown, is perfectly distinct from the speciosum ; although we cannot agree in the observation, (Bot. Reg. p. 526.) that in speciosum the spike is much longer; we having in our possession a native spike of speciosum (a plant not yet introduced into this country,) sent us some years since by Dr. Wallich, which is only twelve inches in length, and bears about a dozen flowers, whilst the spike of the elatum, now figured, was eighteen inches in length, and bore double the number of flowers. The plant was nearly fourteen feet high. It was sent to the Liverpool Garden by Messrs. Loddiges. Whether this may be a different species from H. carneum, which, according to Dr. Wallich, (in MSS.) varies exceedingly according to elevation, soil, and culture, and from which he professes he cannot distinguish it, we may probably, at some ANIA YADA COGENT COC ERENT. = ? REFERENCES. . Inner bracte. . Outer bracte. . Corolla intire. Co wo 4. Germen and calyx. 5. Stigma, style, and processes at the base. ROSCOEA PURPUREA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINER. Gey. Cuar.—Filament short ; anther bilobate, incurved, bicalcarate at the base; stigma globular, with a compressed, ciliated orifice; corolla ringent. Srec. Cuar.—Inflorescence spathaceous ; flowers rising in succession ; spatha concealed within the sheathing of the leaves ; calyx tubular, intire. Syv.—Roscoea purpurea. Smith, Exot. Bot. v. ii. p. 97. tab. 108. Trans. Lin. Soc. v. xiii. p. 461. Rees? Cyclop. Roscoea purpurea. Hooker, Exot. Flora. tab. 144, Hatucon Swa of the Nawars. Smith. DESCRIPTION. Root perennial, consisting of numerous long, fusiform, diverging tubers, terminating in branching fibres ; stem herbaceous, erect, 12-15 inches high, invested in the sheaths of the leaves ; leaves lanceolate-acute, alternate, intire, waved at the margins, smooth on both sides, 6—8 inches long, pale green; spike terminal, containing 4 or 5 flowers, opening in succession, of a pale purple or lilac colour; calyx tubular, membranaceous, intire, sheathing a great part of the corolla; corolla tubular, the tube five inches in length, expanding into a double limb or margin; outer limb in three sections, irregular; upper section broad-lanceolate, vaulted, erect, mucronate, protecting the interior parts; lateral sections nearly equal, linear-lanceolate, declined; inner limb bilabiate ; upper lip in two converging, crescent-shaped lobes, closely enfolding the anther and stigma’; lower lip very large, broad-ovate, undulate on the margin, expanding and slightly bifid at the apex; filament short, subulate, erect, attached to the faux of the corolla; anther two-lobed, attached at the back to the apex of the filament, long, incurved, extending at the base into a bifid appendage of two yellow claws or spurs ; style very long, slender, tubular, supported at the base by two erect white processes, of about a fourth of an inch in length, conforming itself above to the curve of the anther, and projecting a little beyond it; stigma globular, slightly pubescent, with a compressed, ciliated orifice; germen oblong, three-celled. OBSERVATIONS. The first living plant of this species of Roscoea, which we believe was ever introduced into this country, was sent by Dr. Wallich, of Calcutta, to the Botanic Garden in Liverpool, where it lowers in 1821. Since that time, it has been received into the Botanic Gardens of Edinburgh and Glasgow, in ag ee oA which it flowered in August 1824, and has been well figured and published by Dr. Hooker, in his Peo se No. 144. The young plants of this species, on their first flowering, are of a weak an sender habit, and differ so greatly in their appearance from eens eae cerca a eee ea consider them as a different species, but further experience has led us to adhere to the opinion ¢ EO ee that they are in fact the same, and that notwithstanding some dissimilarities, they agree also with the figure of Sir J. E. Smith, published many years before the living plant was known here, in his Exot. he fab. my Dr. Hooker has remarked that “ few inmates of the stove are possessed of greater Se een either E or the durability of their inflorescence, than the Roscoea purpurea ; for its blossoms are : : beauty : : a d though they are produced singly, and each continues in perfection but for n singularly large and showy; a - ” t th is a considerable number and a long succession of them. yet there one day, REFERENCES. Upper section of exterior limb of coroll 3. Lateral sections of ditto. 5. Upper sections of interior limb of corolla. Lower section or lip. Intire flower. Germen and calyx. . Tube of the corolla, filament and anther, with its bicalcarate appendage. 0. Style, with its germinal processes and stigma. iy@t tid -croltns RENEALMIA EXALTATA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. a eee SECT, Il. SCITAMINER,. Gry. Cuar.—Filament none; anther double, linear, naked, attached by a short ligament to the base of the middle segment of the exterior limb of the corolla; style tubular; stigma bluntly triangular, peltate, perforate. SPEc. Cuar.—Spike radical, lateral spikelets compound; bractes alternate, many-flowered ; perianth inferior, bifid ; capsules large, ovate, umbilicate, dark purple, fibrous, mucilaginous, three-celled, seeds numerous, angular, aromatic. Syy.—Paco Seroca. Plumier Hist. 5. 25, 26, Renealmia Exaltata. Ess. char. corolla three-cleft ; nectary oblong; calyx of one leaf; anther sessile, and opposite to the nectary ; berry fleshy. Lin. Sup. p. 7. Wild. i. 6. Alpinia Renealmia. Smith in Rees’ Cyclop. Suppl. No. xiv. 2. Alpinia Exaltata, racemo subradiate erecto ; labio concavo, trilobo; foliis lanceolatis, undulatis. Ulterius inquerenda an vere hujus generis sit. Roemer & Schultes, i. 21. Alpinia exaltata, racemo subradicali adscendente. Meyer, Flora Esequibonensis, p. 4. Alpinia tubulata. Bot. Reg. fig. 777. Bot. Mag. 2494. DESCRIPTION. Root tuberous; stem erect, rising to 8 or ten feet in height; leaves distant, alternate, bifarious, sessile, linear-lanceolate, smooth; scape radical, lateral, rising from near the base of the stem, villous, with many membranous, imbricated, coloured bractes; spike long, erect, many-flowered; floral bractes about the length of the flowers, lanceolate, persistent, membranous, coloured; pedicels short, villous, compound, 2—4: flowered ; perianth inferior, of one leaf, ovate, bifid and ciliate at the apex, involute, coloured, covering the germen and about two-thirds of the calyx; calyx superior, tubular, three-toothed, coloured, permanent; corolla tubular, expanding into a double limb; outer limb in three nearly equal, ovate segments, middle segment antheriferous, inner limb or lip rather larger, opposite to the anther, obscurely three-lobed, and crenate at the apex 5 filament none; anther double, linear, naked, attached at the back by a short ligament inserted in the faux of the corolla, at the base of the middle or upper section of the outer limb; style thread-shaped, tubular, supported at the base by two subulate processes, received between the lobes of the anther, and extending a little beyond them; stigma obtusely trigonous, peltate in front, with two concurrent orifices at the back, communicating with the tube of the style; every part of the flower downy, and covered with small glandular spots; germen ovate, villous; fruit a pulpy berry, ovate, or nearly globular, dark purple, approaching to black, fibrous, mucilaginous, three-valved, three-celled, seeds numerous, enclosed in a pulpy substance, angular, aromatic. OBSERVATIONS. For the complete knowledge recently obtained of this plant, we are indebted to our friend and townsman Charles S. Parker, Esq. who discovered it growing in its uncultivated state in Demerara, and obligingly furnished us with specimens both in flower and fruit; from the latter of which we obtained seeds, which in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, in the month of July, 1825, and have produced plants, were sown some of which are now from 5 to 6 feet high; but none of them having as yet flowered, we are Nero nasenrecoursegfonhour description to the specimens brought by Mr. Parker, as well dried, as compelled to hé di writs: from which we are enabled to give as satisfactory a description, as we apprehend could preserved in_ spirits ; have been obtained from the inspection of the Jivingi:flower, : : iled by Sir J. E. Smith, The history of this plant, which is highly interesting and curious, was first detailed by Sir Page 2 it described b in the article Alpinia, in the Supplement to Rees’s Cyclop. From this we learn, that it was y ' i ith a leaf, sent to him Linnzus, from specimens of a cluster of the flowers, and a quantity of the fruit, wi 5 i 9 aaa i lerbarium, where in bottles of spirits. The former was taken out and dried, by Linnzeus Ee ey ALE : ; . ral a . © The spirits it now lies marked by him Heliconia, which genus it somewhat resembles in general aspect oak in the bottle of fruit being gone, the latter is also dried; but enough remains to show it ote a fleshy, very fibrous, oval, capsule, above an inch long, of three valves, strongly umbilicated, and CaaS ri ob-ovate seeds, now of a shining brown; their flavour is lost.” A Dutch M.S. sent from Surinam, with the collection to which the above belonged, contains the following information: “ No. 64, is a sort of reed, and has upon each stalk four such leaves as are here to be seen, two uppermost next to each other, and then the other two a span under the uppermost, and a span between these two dewnwards to the fruit. The fruit is at first red, black when ripe. he seed in the fruit tastes exactly like cardamom. The stalk to which the fruit grows is two feet and a half long, beset with 25 to 27 fruits.” The essential, natural, and specific characters given by Linneeus, and inserted in the Cyclop. are in perfect accordance with our specimens, particularly as relates to the most important parts, which are thus described: ‘ filament none; anther solitary, inserted into the mouth of the tube in the bosom of the lower, (upper) segment of the corolla, opposite to the nectary (lower lip,) unconnected, straight, linear, emarginate ; stigma peltate, a little flat head, abrupt on the side towards the nectary, an orifice running into the style; pericarp a berry, oblong, round, with three furrows, smooth, fleshy, with an umbilicated termination, three cells in the centre, the cells soft and membranous; seeds numerous, oblong.” Since the above-mentioned account in the Cyclopedia, we are not aware that any authentic information has been obtained respecting this plant, until the publication of No. cviii. of the Bot. Reg. fig. 777, where a good figure is given under the name of Alpinia tubulata, from a plant raised by Mr. Lambert, at Boyton, from seed sent from Demerara, accompanied by a full description and observations, in which the editor has remarked on the suggestion of Mr. David Don, “ that among the unpublished engravings in Mr. Lambert’s library, there is one intended for a work of Plumier’s, which clearly represents either one of the same species, or else one -of the same genus.” After a close inspection and examination of copies of Plumier’s two drawings, with the very perfect specimens of the plant and fruit brought by Mr. Parker, and now in our possession, we have no hesitation in stating it as our decided opinion, that the figures of Plumier, and that in the Botanic Register, represent not only the same genus, but the same species of plant, to which we have now restored its proper and original name of Renealmia exaltata. Another figure of the same plant, on rather a reduced scale, has been given in Bot. Mag. No. 2494, where the learned editor expresses his doubts “ whether it can belong to the same genus as Alpinia nutans, and the other species with which we are acquainted ;” but relinquishes his own opinion to that of Mr. Don, who has placed it, not however without hesitation, under that genus. He has also referred to the Alpinias enumerated in the second section of the Flora Indica, with a radical inflorescence, a distinction which he does not however consider sufficient to constitute a genus. In the latter opinion I am induced, from the experience I have had of this tribe, fully to concur, (though formerly of a different opinion) having seen species of both Zingiber and Costus, some with a radical, and others with a terminal inflorescence; and in one instance both radical and terminal flowers on the same plant. In detaching the genus Rencalmia from that of Alpinia, I wish it therefore to be understood, that I have not been in any degree influenced by the radical inflorescence of the former is 2 2 but have relied for its generic character on the particulars before stated in that respect. The pulpy capsule of Renealmia ewaltata contains an acid, which induces the West Indians to make use of it as a preserve, in < AD) which state we have seen specimens of it brought to England, and found it, on tasting, very agreeable. By the kindness of Mr. Parker we are also possessed of specimens of another plant of the same genus, nearly allied to the Ecaltata, but differing in having a more flexuose spike, with simple one-flowered pedicels, and floral bractes twice the 2 length of the flower. The seeds of this were also sown, in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, at the same time with 4) those of Renealmia exaltata, and have produced plants, which are now in a growing state t) REFERENCES. ——1. Entire flower. 9 Outer and inner section of corolla, 4, 5, & 6. Germen, style and stigma magnified. 7. Anther, natural size. but have not yet flowered. ce 3. Germen, corolla, anther, style and stigma. - Capsule or berry. 9. Same opened. 10. Seeds. | ] | 4 RENEALMIA FASCICULATA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINER. Gey. Cuar.—Filament none; anther attached by a short ligament to the base of the upper segment of the exterior limb of the corolla; style tubular; stigma bluntly triangular, peltate, perforate. Spec. Cuar.—Spike radical, lateral; bractes sessile, fasciculate; stems erect; leaves broad-lanceolate, alternate ; lip large, broad, white, with a yellow cloud down the middle. DESCRIPTION. Roots composed of large ovate tubers, with numerous annular divisions; stems erect, three feet in height, leaves broad-lanceolate, equilateral, sessile, finely nerved, rising from between two smaller leaves; spike radical, lateral, bractes sessile, many-flowered; flowers in fascicles; corolla tubular, expanding into a double limb ; outer limb in three sections, lanceolate, acute, the upper or middle section antheriferous at the base; inner limb or lip broad ovate, crenate at the margin, striate, white, with a yellow tinge down the middle ; filament none, anther double, linear, naked, inserted by a slender ligament into the faux of the corolla, and attached to the base of the middle section of the outer limb; germen and fruit unknown. OBSERVATIONS. This very curious Scitaminean Plant is known to us only by a drawing made at Lucknow, by a native artist, from the living plant, for the Right Hon. the Earl of Mountnorris, by whose obliging permission we are enabled to give a figure of it. Although from the want of the necessary details, we are not enabled to decide on this plant with the same confidence as on others of the same group, yet we have little doubt it will be found to belong to. this genus, the plant in its general habit not according with that of Alpinia, and the anther appearing to be attached by a slender ligament to the faux of the corolla, at the base of one of the segments of the exterior limb. We are not however, without hopes, from the investigations which are now making in India, and particularly from the journey of our liberal and highly respected friend, Dr. Wallich, into the Burmese territory, on which he departed from Calcutta in the month of July 1826, that both this and many other plants yet but imperfectly known, will be discovered, and finally transmitted to Europe; and it is with a view of promoting these and similar inquiries, that we have been induced to give figures of several plants which we have not yet seen in their living state, in the course of the present work. 3 ee \ 2a y ie MY NOd Mh COVE SA . XN sy ON SSS ALPINIA ALLUGHAS. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. eae nee ete ee ee | SECT. II. SCITAMINER,. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style, attached to the front of the filament; filament simple, erect, not extending beyond the anther; inner border of the corolla unilabiate ; capsule three-celled. Srec. Cuar.—Stem erect ; panicle terminal; inner border of corolla deeply divided into two sections, each section bifid, with a fleshy protuberance at the base ; leaves lanceolate, smooth, finely nerved. Syv.—Mala-inschi-Kua. Rheede, Mal. xi. p. 29. t. 4. Hellenia Allughas. Linn. Willd. i. 4, Heritiera Allughas. Konig. in Retz. Obs. 6. 1. Taraca. Str Win. Jones, in Asiat. Res. iv. 240. Tara, or Tarac of the Bengalese. Rowh. in Asiat. Res. xi. 353. Alpinia Allughas. Roxb. in Flor. Ind. i. 60. Hellenia Allughas. Andrews, Bot. Rep. t. 501. Hellenia Allughas. Roem. § Schultes, i. 22. Alpinia Allughas, foliis lanceolatis nitidis, utrinque attenuatis, panicula terminali, labello bifido, lobis retusis, capsulis spheericis nitidis polyspermis. Spreng. i. 14. DESCRIPTION. Root tuberous, with many thick fibres, perennial, aromatic; stem erect, slightly compressed, 2—3 feet high ; leaves alternate, bifarious, lanceolate, smooth, equilateral, finely nerved, short petioled, petioles sheathing the stem, with a stipulary process above the insertion of the leaf; panicle terminal, slightly inclined to one side ; flowers in succession, from a foliaceous sheath, on a slender flexile rachis; calyx superior, tubular, fleshy, obscurely three-toothed ; corolla with a short tube, expanding into a double border ; exterior border in three sections, the middle one concave, projecting over the anther; the lateral ones equal, ovate, retuse, pure white; interior border or lip two-cleft, with two fleshy protuberances near the base, in the place of the hornlets and auriculee in other species; the sections of the lip each divided again into two ovate lobes, a streak of bright rose colour proceeding from the base, extends into each lobe of the lip, tinging the rest of the petal with a lighter tint; filament erect, simple, nearly the length of the lip, supporting in front a broad two-lobed white anther, and terminating with its apex; style the length of the filament, supported at the base by two ; Y subulate germinal processes, and terminated in a compressed, ciliated, concave stigma; germen globular, hairy ; capsule three-celled ; seeds numerous. OBSERVATIONS. This beautiful and delicate plant, although long known, is not of frequent occurrence in this country, with the climate of which it does not appear to agree. The present figure was taken from a specimen which flowered in the Botanic Garden in Liverpool, in August 1826. It will be seen from our synonyms, that several authors have assigned this plant to the genus Hellenia, but a very slight observation will shew, that it differs essentially in those particulars on which the character f th f Scitaminean Plants is now found to depend, and that the extension of the filament ot the genera 0 beyond the anther in an ovate prdiel in ‘the Hellenia cerulea, designates a ‘variation in other respects which renders that plant the type of a new genus, of which other species may hereafter be discovered, but of which no others are as yet known. The Alpinia Allughas is said to have been sent by Mr. Peter Good, to Kew, in 1796. It has since been raised from seeds by A. B. Lambert, Esq. and flowered at Boyton. REFERENCES. Entire flower. Germen and calyx. Exterior limb of corolla. Filament and anther. 1. 2. 3. 4, Interior limb of corolla, or lip. 5. 6. Germen, with its processes, style and stigma. ie Stigma magnified. N . ALPINIA CALCARATA. MONANDRIA MONOGYN IA. SECT. II. SCITAMINER. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style; filament simple, erect, not extended beyond the anther ; inner border of the corolla unilabiate ; capsule three-celled; seeds arilled. Spec. Cuar.—F lowers terminal, spike slightly declined, downy ; lip large, ovate, crenate, slightly bifid ; spurred at the base ; leaves narrow-lanceolate, inzequilateral. Syy.—Alpinia calcarata. Roxb. Flor. Ind. 1. 67. Globba erecta. Redoute. Pl. lil. tab. 174. Alpinia calcarata. Edwards, Bot. Reg. fig. 141. Spurred narrow-leaved Alpinia. Smith in Encycl. DESCRIPTION. Root perennial, horizontal, somewhat woolly, crooked, stoloniferous, with many fleshy fibres, fragrant; stems numerous, erect, smooth, from three to five feet high ; leaves bifarious, alternate, short-petioled, intire, linear- lanceolate-acute, ineequilateral, marcescent at the apex, about a foot long, and from one to two inches broad; sheaths clasping the stem, smooth, with an acute stipulary process above the insertion of the leaf; spike terminal, slightly declined at the base, from four to five inches long, downy ; flowers numerous, in pairs, expanding successively ; bractes elliptical, white, one-flowered ; calyx superior, three-toothed, white, smooth; corolla tubular, with double border ; exterior limb in three deep, equal, linear, obtuse segments, pure white ; interior, or lip, large, expanding, ovate, obtusely crenate, bifid at the apex, deep yellow, with red spots, and richly streaked with dark purple veins ; lateral lobes wanting, but the lip is furnished with two awl-shaped, incurved appendages, or spurs, embracing the base of the filament; filament simple, club-shaped, covering the back of the anther, but not extending beyond it; anther double, attached to the filament its whole length, opposite to the lip; style tubular, filiform, embraced by the anther, and extending a little beyond it, supported at the base by the glandular processes, supposed by some to be imperfect stamina, and by Keenig, nectaries; stigma funnel-shaped, ciliate, compressed ; germen globose, downy, three-celled, many-seeded ; seeds arilled. OBSERVATIONS. The present species has been rendered doubtful by the publication of other species under the same specific name; (Andrews, Bot. Reg. jig. 412. Renealmia calcarata,) but the accurate descriptions of Sir J. E. Smith and Dr. Roxburgh, perfectly corresponding with the plant, as it has flowered for several years in the Botanic Garden at Liverpocl, enable us to ascertain it without difficulty. Its flowers, although not so large, approach in beauty and habit those of Alpinia nutans, and, like those, are extremely fragrant. On a spike of flowers at the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, (August 1820,) was found a diandrous flower of this species, with two filaments, each bearing a double anther, and only one style rising equally between them. . t] Se eke aes Ie oer = stags are ALPINIA MUTICA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. Il. SCITAMINER. Gey. Cuar.—Anth g er double, embracing the style; filament simple, erect, not extending beyond the anther; inner border of the corolla unilabiate ; capsule three-celled 3; seeds arilled Sprc. Crar.—Spike terminal, compound, slightly declined ; lip obscurely three-lobed, bifid, spurless, with two hairy glands at the base ; leaves short-petioled, narrow, linear ; seeds numerous. Syy.—Alpinia mutica. Roxb. Fl. Ind: vol. I. p. 65. Pointley’s narrow-leaved Alpinia. Smith, in Rees’s Encycl. DESCRIPTION. Root perennial, tuberous; stems erect, 5—6 feet high; petioles short; leaves alternate, bifarious, narrow, subsessile, linear-lanceolate, polished and entire, 1-2 feet long, 1 inch broad; sheaths smooth, terminating in an ovate ligula or ocrea; racemes terminal, slightly declined, many-flowered ; pedicels alternate, villous, two to four flowered ; bractes oblong, caducous ; flowers large, nodding ; calyx irregularly three-toothed, white, margins coloured ; corolla, tube short, recurved, border double ; exterior lip in three sections; superior section broad, ovate, concave, hoeded ; two inferior sections narrow, linear, oblong, ovate, all the sections white ; interior limb or lip expanding, waved, or curled, and bifid at the apex; two hairy glands supply the place of the spurs at the base of the lip in other species ; filament short, erect, covering the back of the anther, but not extending beyond it; anther large, double, attached by its back to the filament through its whole extent, opposite to the lip; style filiform, embraced at the base by the two small glandular processes ; stigma funnel-shaped, ciliate, compressed, extending a little beyond the anther ; capsule size of a gooseberry, yellow, or deep orange, three-celled ; seeds numerous, angular, arilled. OBSERVATIONS. This fine plant was first discovered in the forests of Prince of Wales's Island, and introduced into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, by Mr. W. Roxsurcn; whence it was sent, some years since, to the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, where it has regularly flowered about August. The glands at the base of the lip tend to throw some light on the economy of these plants, as they carry on the functions of secretion; and lead us to suppose, that the spurs or hornlets, by which almost all the other species of Alpinia are distinguished, perform a similar office. Dr. Roxburgh informs us, that the style in this species is embraced at the base by a single, truncate, dentate, glandular body, (Nectary of Konig, Retzius, and Willdenow ;) but in this instance he is mistaken, it being furnished with the two processes, as in other Scitaminean plants. REFERENCES. 1. Calyx. 2. Upper lip of the exterior limb of the corolla, filament, anther, and style. 3. The two lower lips of the exterior limb of corolla. 4. The interior limb or lip of the corolla, with the glands at the base. ‘ : + . \ t- " . \ \ \ ‘ = 4 , é ae . . + Fe N y hl ‘ 3 bh x : N ie NY Y" gee . x , - ¥ SS N ‘ 4 . - ’ N \ ‘ \ . . t - 2 ' 5 \ i “ \ . x ’ + ¢ 5 : y ' ‘ + } ; 1 ‘ - \ , . . ‘ s 7 : 2 . + \ * “ ae Z ¢ vA ALPINIA BRACTEATA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINES. Grn. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style; filament erect, simple, not extending beyond the anther ; inner limb of corolla unilabiate. Srec. Cuar.—Filament long, subulate; anther ovate; stem jointed, inclined to spiral; leaves lanceolate-acute, on bracteated petioles ; lip panduriform, tripartite, crenate. Syy.—Alpinia bracteata. Roscoe, in Trans. Lin. Soc. y. xi. p. 281. Alpinia bracteata. Smith, in Rees’ Cyclop. DESCRIPTION. Stem cylindrical, somewhat spiral; leaves lanceolate-acute; bractes foliaceous, rising from the joints of the stem, and inclosing the petioles until their union with the leaf; spike terminal, in a loose panicle, many- flowered, erect ; calyx superior, in three leaves; corolla with a double limb; outer limb in three ovate sections, the middle one rather larger, and hooded over the filament and anther, of a pure transparent white ; inner limb, or lip, of one petal, deeply indented at the sides, so as to form three nearly equal, obtuse lobes, which are undulate or crenate at the margin; colour bright yellow, with purple rays diverging from the base, where it is furnished with hornlets or spurs, as usual in most other species of this genus; filament about the length of the middle section of the outer limb of the corolla, subulate, grooved, of a crimson colour, supporting a large, ovate, two-lobed anther; style filiform, inclosed in the groove of the filament, and projecting a little beyond the anther; stigma a ciliated cup. OBSERVATIONS. Another singular species of Alpinia, from a drawing in the collection of the Right Hon. Lord Stanley, at Knowsley, to whom we are indebted for permission to publish it. Although extremely unlike any other known species of this genus, it presents at the first view such a decided character, as to leave not the slightest doubt that eden a plant exists, although it has not been introduced into this country, nor mentioned, as we believe, by any traveller. Some account of it has already been given by the author of the present work, in Lin. Trans. vol. xi. p. 281, (not in vol. ix, as erroneously referred to, in the description of Alpinia diffissa,) and both this and the diffissa are also noticed by Sir J. E. Smith, in Rees’ Cyclop. a circumstance omitted in the description of that plant. The habit of the bracteata is that of a Costus, rather th f Alpinia ; but an inspection of the parts of fructification, immediately removes all doubt as to _ an of an L; its genus. ALPINIA DIFFISSA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINER. Grn. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style; filament erect, simple, not extending beyond the anther; inner limb of corolla unilabiate. Spec. Cuar.—Filament deeply divided in two lobes, each antheriferous; style slender, erect, rising between the segments of the filament; lip broad, panduriform, obtuse, yellow, with red streaks diverging from the middle. DESCRIPTION. Stem cylindrical, erect, leaves lanceolate, inzequilateral, with a strong membranous margin ; spike terminal, many-flowered, reclinate; flowers in pairs, outer limb of corolla in three segments, ovate, white, with pink margin ; inner limb or lip panduriform, bread, intire, finely striated with crimson lines diverging from the middle; filament deeply divided in two segments, each segment antheriferous ; style rising between the segments of the filament. OBSERVATIONS. The present figure is given from a Chinese drawing, in the collection of the Right Hon. Lord Stanley, at Knowsley. It has not hitherto been either figured or described, except in the notice of it in Linn. Trans. vol. ix. p- 281, and has probably never yet been introduced into Europe. The very singular construction of the parts of fructification, resembling rather a Diandrian than a Monandrian plant, might induce a doubt of its existence, did not the other parts of the inflorescence, and the general habit and appearance of the plant, demonstrate its authenticity, and characterize it as an Alpinia, beyond all possibility of suspicion. The peculiarity of this plant consists in the filament being deeply divided, or cloven into two segments, (diffissa,) from which its specific name is derived. The singularity of such a deviation from the rest of the Scitaminean tribe, is, however, somewhat diminished by our having observed a similar circumstance in the Alpinia calcarata ; a flower of which appeared a few years since in the Botanical Garden at Liverpool, with a double filament, by which the two-lobed anther was divided, one lobe only being found on each portion of the filament; whether this may be the case with the diffissa, or whether each of the filaments bears a double anther, the figure now published does not enable us to determine. ALPINIA PENNICELLATA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINER. Gen. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style; filament erect, simple, not extending beyond the anther ; inner limb of corolla unilabiate. Srec. Cuar.—Filament short, ovate; leaves lanceolate, strongly nerved; lip tubular, expanding into a broad, circular, undulate margin, bright yellow, with crimson streaks. Syv.—Alpinia pennicellata. Roscoe, in Linn. Trans. xi. 280. Alpinia pennicellata. Smith, in Rees’ Cyclop. DESCRIPTION. Stem strong, erect, rufescent towards the base; leaves lanceolate, ineequilateral, strongly nerved, on short sheathing petioles; flowers in a terminal spike, bursting from the floral bracte, in loose depending panicles; calyx superior, in three leaves, white, tinged with green at the base and pink at the apex; outer limb of the corolla in three oblong, ovate sections, white, terminating in pink; inner limb of one petal, tubular, involute, but expanding towards the margin into a circular lip, regularly waved at the edge, and beautifully painted with equal crimson streaks diverging from the centre; filament very short, scarcely half the length of the lip, ovate at the apex, white; stigma projecting a little beyond the filament. OBSERVATIONS. Discovered amongst a series of Chinese drawings in the collection of the Right Hon. Lord Stanley, at Knowsley. From the calyx, the exterior segments of the corolla, and the splendidly coloured lip, we have no hesitation in deciding on its genus. Independent of the additions thus made to this beautiful tribe, we have been induced to give these figures in the present work, because we conceive they have been drawn from the living plants, and entertain some hopes that their beauty may induce those who may have an opportunity of investigating their ative. regions, to add to” our’ presentistores @byintroducio oi Deano ie country. 8 ( Fs ¥. he ALPINIA NUTANS. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINES. Gen. ‘Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style; filament simple, erect, not extending beyond the anther ; inner border of the corolla unilabiate; capsule three-celled ; seeds arilled. Srec. Cuan.—F lowers terminal; spike pendulous; lip broad-ovate, elongated towards the apex, crenate, and slightly bifid, furnished at the base with a pair of acute, subulate incurved spurs, or hornlets; leaves lanceolate, smooth, margins ciliate. Syy.—Globba nutans. Lin. Mant. ii. 170. Willd. i. 153. Globba nutans. Redouté, Liliac. i. 60. Globba sylvestris. Rumph. Amb. vi. 62. Zerumbet speciosum. Jacg. Fragm. tab. 68. Zerumbet speciosum. Wendland, Ser. Han. tab. 19. Costus Zerumbet. Persoon, Synop. 1. p. 3. Catimbium. Jussieu, Gen. Pl. Ed. Uster. 1791. Renealmia nutans. Andr. Rep. tab. 360. Alpinia nutans. Smith, Exot. Bot. tab. 106. Alpinia nutans. (Poora-nag-champa of the Hindoos.) Rowh. Asiat. Res. xi. 354. Flor. Ind. i. 64. Alpinia nutans. Roemer § Schultes, Syst. Veg. 1. Alpinia nutans. Sprengel, Syst. Veg. 1. 14. DESCRIPTION. Roots perennial, woody; stem erect, 8-10 feet high, covered with .a short .sericeous down; leaves linear- lanceolate, alternate, on short petioles, ciliated at the margin with tawny coloured hairs, length from 12 to 18, breadth from 4 to 5 inches; spike terminal, pendulous, inclosed in two large, coriaceous, deciduous bractes, the outer one acute, villous towards the apex, and sometimes terminating in a small leaf, the inner one ovate, and ciliated towards the apex ; rachis and peduncles downy ; floral bractes inferior, biflorous, bifid, coloured at the apex ; calyx superior, permanent, campanulate, slightly divided, and of a beautiful pink colour at the apex ; outer limb of the ¢orolla of three ovate segments, of a fine, transparent, porcelain-like white, tinged towards the extremity with rose colour, the central or upper segment larger and more acute than the two lateral ones; inner limb or lip large, inflated, broad-ovate, elongated towards the apex, slightly bifid and crenate, bright orange colour, with streaks of deep crimson diverging from the centre towards the margin, furnished at the base with two acute, incurved spurs or hornlets; filament erect, strong, grooved, supporting the large bilobate anther; style filiform, tubular, supported at the base by two blunt, tooth-like, germinal processes; stigma funnel-shaped, margin ciliate; germen downy ; capsule globular, striated, three-celled, three-valved; seeds globose, numerous, white, arilled. OBSERVATIONS. The history of this noble plant, which stands unequalled in elegance and beauty by any species of the rival genera of Hedychium or Curcuma, may serve to show, more perhaps than any other instance, the tainty which prevailed in the definition of plants of the order of Scitaminew, before the improved system for uncertain th t of that order was introduced. Of this no other proof is necessary than the list of synonims e arrangemen { ; eee prefixed to the present article, from which it appears, that this plant has been successively characterized, by different botanists, by the names of Globba, Zerumbet, Costus, Catimbium, and Renealmia, © [pres that the real characters of such genera were not understood. am Carey to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where Plants of this fine species were first sent by Dr. Willi in October and November. Roxb. in As. Res. they flowered abundantly during the hot season, ripening their seeds 354. It is a native of the interior parts of Bengal, and is also found in Amboyna and other places. It was introduced, according to Sir J. E. Smith, into the English stoves in 1792, by Sir Joseph Banks, The number of figures which have been published and flowering a few years afterwards, excited the admiration of all beholders. of this plant, prove it a general favourite. (Rees’ New Cyclop.) The figure now given, from a large and perfect spike in the Conservatory of was drawn from a fine specimen in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool; the capsule, Charles Lawrence, Esq. of Wavertree Hall, near Liverpool, where this plant has grown, Roxburgh says the latter are and ripened its seeds in perfection for many years. Both the seeds and roots are slightly aromatic, and Dr. sometimes carried to England for Galanga Major. For the distinctive characters between this, and Alpinia auriculata, we must refer to the description of that plant in the present work. REFERENCES. 1. Outer bracte, inclosing the spike. 2. Inner bracte. 3. Floral bracte. 4, Peduncle, capsule, and permanent calyx. 5. Seed. 6. Capsule opened, inclosing the seed. 7. Lip. 8. The three segments of outer limb of corolla. 9. Germen, filament, style and stigma, seen in front, with the hornlets. 10. The same seen on the back. 11. The same, showing the germinal processes. 12. The germen, with its processes, style and stigma. 13. Calyx. ALPINIA AURICULATA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ree ee SECT. II. SCITAMINER. embracing the style; filament simple, erect, not extending beyond the anther ; inner border of the corolla unilabiate ; capsule three-celled ; seeds arilled. Spec. Cuar.—F lowers terminal 3 spike pendulous; lip broad-ovate, crenate towards the apex, furnished at the base with a pair of involute, flat, auriculated glands, hairy beneath; leaves lanceolate, with a line of ferruginous hairs on each side the mid-rib below. Gey. CHar.—Anther double, DESCRIPTION. Roots woody, perennial; stem erect, villous, 10-14 feet high; leaves alternate, subsessile, ineequilateral, coriaceous, ciliated with ferruginous hairs on the margin, and on each side the mid-rib below, two feet long, by 4—6 inches bread; petiole short, with a ligulated stipule, or ocrea ; spike terminal, pendulous ; rachis angular, red, with white hairs ; peduncles one-flowered ; proper bracte inflated, bifid, striated, apex rose-coloured ; calyx superior, tubular, trifid, segments coloured; outer limb of the corolla in three segments, the lateral ones linear, obtuse, converging, white and rose colour, the center one larger, incurved over the filament, and opposite to the lip; inner limb or lip broad-ovate, concave, undulated towards the apex, bright yellow, beautifully striated with crimson streaks diverging from the middle; at the base of the corolla are two broad, flat, auriculated glands, spotted with crimson on the upper side, and covered with white hairs beneath ; filament short, simple, covering the back of the anther, but not extending beyond it; anther double, ovate, attached to the filament its whole length, opposite to the lip; style filiform, downy towards the apex, with two short, blunt, subulate processes at the base; stigma concave, margin ciliated; germen globose, hairy ; capsule striated, three-celled; seeds numerous, globular, arilled. OBSERVATIONS. In general habit and appearance Alpinia auriculata approaches nearest to Alpinia nutans, but is immediately known by the lip, which in the former is scarcely more than half the size of the latter, and is nearly orbicular, and not elongated towards the apex; it also varies in its beautiful pennicellated colouring, which leaves a whitish crescent-shaped space on each side of the lip; at the base of the lip are the two flat auriculated processes, from which it obtains its name, whilst the same part in nuéans exhibits two subulate incurved spurs. In auriculata the mid-rib on the under side of the leaf has a line of dense ferruginous hairs on each side, extending the whole length, which is not found in A. nutans, although the downy or ciliated margin of the leaf is common to both. These distinctions mark the present plant as a separate species, without the possibility of a doubt. This beautiful plant, which, before it flowered, was supposed to be the Alpinia nutans, was sent to the Botanic Garden, in Liverpool, by Mr. William Anderson, gardener to James Vere, Msg. Kensington Gore, in 1815; but did not flower till the beginning of April, 1824, when it also ripened its seed. It is now, for the first time, named and figured. Like the nutans, it is probably a native of the Southern Islands of Asia. REFERENCES. 1. Segments of exterior limb of the corolla. 2. Outer bracte. 3. Interior limb of corolla, or lip. 4, Filament, anther, and style. . The same seen on the back. . Filament and anther, with the auriculated glands slightly magnified. Germen and style, with the glandular processes at the base. cy fj) Sn Calyx. Capsule intire. . Ditto as it opens. . Seed. . General flower-sheath. Sop eae iS) tS Patties ¢re Mee ALPINIA MAGNIFICA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. =e Sa See ee SECT. Il. SCITAMINER. Gen. CHar.—Anther double, embracing the style; filament erect, simple, not extending beyond the anther; inner limb of corolla unilabiate. Spec. Cuar.—Scape ; pe lateral; flowers aggregate, numerous, on a common receptacle; lip narrow, linear, ovate at the apex, scarlet, bordered with white; filament and style downy. * DESCRIPTION. leaves alternate, on short petioles, linear-lanceolate, sequilateral, strongly nerved; scape lateral, erect, covered with alternate, ovate, rufescent bractes ; Stem erect ; floral bractes five or six, broad-lanceolate-acute, scarlet, with a white margin; general calyx long, linear, ovate, and sometimes mucronate at the apex, scarlet, bordered with white, enclosing the general receptacle; florets numerous, 50—100, sitting on a common receptacle, and forming together a regular cone; filament about an inch long, and one-tenth broad, linear, flat, downy, supporting at its extremity the double anther; style simple, downy, rising from the germen, and supported — at the base by two broad, tooth-like processes; stigma a ciliated cup; outer limb of the corolla sitting on the germen, divided into three irregular, ovate sections; inner limb or lip somewhat larger, ovate, bright scarlet, and bordered on the margin with white; diameter of the intire flower about eight inches. OBSERVATIONS. This very singular and magnificent species of Alpinia, now for the first time published, is a native of the Mauritius, where a drawing was made of it in the year 1826, by Charles Telfair, Esq. This drawing came into the hands of Robert Barclay, Esq. of Buryhill, whose exertions in introducing new and_ beautiful plants into this country are so well known, and who most obligingly entrusted it to the care of my highly esteemed friend Dr. Hooker, Professor of Botany in the University of Glasgow, to be conveyed to me for the use of the present work. This was also accompanied by specimens of the flowers well dried and preserved ; by the immersion of a floret of which in tepid water, I was enabled to distinguish, to my equal surprise and satisfaction, the genus of the plant, so as to include in my series of Scitamineze what I little expected, an aggregate or compound flower, surpassing, in the splendour of its appearance, every other of the tribe hitherto known. These dried specimens were accompanied by leaves different from those in the drawing of Mr. Telfair, and which evidently appeared to be those of a fine new species of Zingiber, with a large conical spike, of which a drawing was also made by Mr. Telfair; but which, not being accompanied by the details of the flowers, cannot be decided on with sufficient certainty for the present work. tat J REFERENCES. {. Exterior floral bractes. 2. A single bracte of the same series. 3. One of the leaflets of the calyx. | 4. A single floret, shewing the three sections of the exterior limb of the corolla, and the interior limb or lip, with the filament and anther, stile and stigma, in position. . Filament and anther separate. 6. Germen, with its processes, style and stigma separate. On 4 = ‘ > HELLENIA CA RULEA. MONANDRIA MONOGYN IA. Se SECT. II. SCITAMINER. embracing the style; filament extended beyond the anther, with an ovate or bilobate crest ; interior limb of the corolla unilabiate. Srec. Cuar.—Apex of the filament ovate ; Gry. Cuar.—Anther double, lip trilobate ; middle segment slightly notched at the apex; spike loose, conical, declined ; leaves lanceolate, ineequilateral. DESCRIPTION. Root thick and woody, taking strong hold of the ground 3 stem erect, from 6 to 8 feet high; leaves alternate, lanceolate, inzequilateral, dark green, purpurescent towards the apex; petioles very short, channelled, closely sheathing the stem, and terminating in an ovate, ligulated stipula, with a red spot at the base; spike terminal, declined ; peduncles alternating on the rachis, triflorous ; common bractes deciduous, proper bractes inferior, one to each flower; calyx superior, sheathing the tube of the corolla its whole length, apex bifid, slightly hirsute, with an interior calyx or scale; exterior limb of corolla in three nearly equal seg ments, the two lower ones declined under the lip, the upper one erect, and slightly hooded over the apex of the filament, white; inner limb unilabiate, slightly trilobate, centre lobe bifid, with two small spurs or hornlets at the base, and supported on a long, narrow, channelled claw; filament linear, erect, red, terminating a little beyond the anther in a simple ovate lobe; anther in two distinct lobes; style erect, hirsute, rubescent, received between the bilobate anther, but scarcely reaching its apex, supported at the base by two green obtuse glandular processes; stigma concave, with a ciliated margin ; capsules green, but becoming a light blue when ripe, trilocular; seeds angular, red, arilled. OBSERVATIONS. The name of Hellenia, intended to honour Professor Hellenius of Abo, was first applied by Retzius to the plant now called Costus speciosus ; but that plant having already been named, Willdenow abolished the name of Hellenia, as applied to it, and gave the same name to another tribe of Monandrian Plants, the Languas of Keenig, which Retzius had named Hereticra. In my Dissertation on Monandrian Plants, in Lin. Yrans. vol. viii. I have referred these plants to Alpinia; but Mr. Brown having, in his Prodromus Flore Nove Hollandie, &c. p- 307, described another species of this genus, which appears to be distinguished from Alpinia, by the filament being extended beyond the anther, to which he has given the name of Cerulea, I am happy in the opportunity of coinciding in his opinion, that this genus should, for the reasons he has given, be retained ;* and of confirming the same by the figure here given, from a plant which flowered in May 1824, in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, and which perfected its seeds there. For this very elegant plant the Liverpool Garden is indebted to the liberality of the Honourable and Rev. William Herbert. REFERENCES. 1. The corolla intire. 2. The same seen at the back. 3. The lip, with the hornlets at the base. 4. The filament projecting beyond the anther. 5. Exterior border of corolla, the upper segment covering the filament. 6. The hirsute style. 7. Calyx. g. Inner do. 9. Spike in fruit. 10. Capsule. 11. Seed. és t Alpinia, que differt filamento ultra antheram non producto, et capsule textura.”—Brown. Prodrom. pastel * « Hellenie proxima es » COSTUS SPICATUS. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Se id bonoiteionn sbiialy osidiw on siti aoe ane dil SECT. II. SCITAMINER. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style; filament extended beyond the anther, terminating in an ovate or lanceolate apex ; capsule three-celled ; seeds numerous. Spec. Cyar.—Stem cylindrical, rising’ spirally ; leaves broad-lanceolate, smooth; petioles short, with a coloured stipule or ocrea ; spike terminal, closely imbricate ; bractes red at the base; flowers yellow; lip obscurely trifid, undulate, or crenate, at the apex; stigma two quadriform lips, ciliated, with a separate bifid membranous process at the back. Syy.—A lpinia spicata, Jacg. Plan. Am. tab. re Costus spicatus. Smith, in Rees’ Cyclop. DESCRIPTION. Roots tuberous; stem cylindrical, ascending in an oblique or spiral form ; leaves alternate, broad lanceolate, smooth, intire ; petioles very short, with a strictly ligulated ocrea, rufescent at the margin ; spike terminal, sitting on four leaves, closely imbricated; outer bractes broad, ovate, concave, coriaceous, dark red at the base; inner bractes smaller, membranaceous ; calyx tubular, nearly an inch in length, trifid at the apex ; tube of the corolla short, outer limb in three sections, broad-ovate, the middle section rather larger; inner limb or lip about three inches long, and two in breadth, trilobate at the apex, the lobes crenate, or fringed; faux hairy; filament broad, flat, petal-like, extending much beyond the anther, and terminating in an ovate, reflexed apex; anther in two large lobes, protected by a membranous hood, and attached by the back to the middle of the flat surface of the filament ; style filiform, tubular, without the germinal processes at the base, embraced by, and rising just beyond, the anther; stigma two quadriform, compressed lips, finely ciliated, somewhat concave in front, accompanied at the back by an erect white membranous process, bifid at the apex; germen ovate, downy, three-celled ; seeds numerous. OBSERVATIONS. Of this plant, a very inadequate figure is given by Jacquin, in his early work on the Plants of America, under the name of Alpinia spicata. Although it has been for several years in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, it has not yet flowered there. The present figure is therefore given from a drawing made from a native specimen in the island of Grenada, in the year 1780, by General Thomas Davies, and now in the collection of the Right Hon. Lord Stanley, at Knowsley. To this drawing, the details of the flower are wanting; but it has fortunately occurred, that soon after the present figure was prepared for publication, I received, through the kindness of my friend Dr. Traill, a fine specimen of a flowering spike of this species, preserved in spirits, sent by Charles Parker, Esq. from Martinique, from which I have been enabled minutely to describe this singular plant, which differs in ] ts from most others of the Scitaminean tribe, and particularly in the style, which is not accompanied several respec ey, at the base by the usual subulate germinal processes, and in the stigma, which has a bifid process rising from the apex of the style, at the back of, and connate with the lips of the stigma ; which, it is not improbable, - answers the same purpose in this genus, as the subulate processes at the base of the style do in other genera. That the same apparatus exists in other. species of Costus, appears from Dr. Roxburgh’s description of C. speciosus (in Flor. Ind. 1. 57.) « The stigma consists of two broad glutinous lips, which gape wide while the pollen is shedding; between them is evidently seen, with the naked eye, the mouth of the perforated style; on the back of. the upper lip are seen the éwo white glands mentioned by Konig. I impute his not taking notice of the two large lips of the stigma, to his having examined the flowers some time after they were gathered, when they coalesce.” The inhabitants of Martinique make a decoction of the stems and roots, which they esteem a salutary and’ refreshing beverage. REFERENCES. . Flower before it opens. . Outer bracte. . Inner bracte. . Calyx. 1 2. 3 A 5. Sections of upper lip. 6. Lower lip of corolla. 7. Filament and anther. 8. Style and stigma. 9. Stigma. 10. Ditto in front, kstghay wpracn 11. Ditto in profile, 12. Germen. ail gad hey COSTUS CYLINDRICUS. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINE®. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, attached to the front of the petal-like filament; filament extending beyond the anther, ovate, intire; inner limb of - corolla unilabiate ; capsule three-celled ; seeds numerous. Spec. Cuar.—Stem cylindrical, spiral; ocrea fimbriate; leaves broad-lanceolate-obtuse, inzequilateral, glaucous below; spike cylindrical, crimson; flowers yellow; lip rhomboid. Syv.—Paco-caatinga. Maregrav. Brasil, lib. i. cap. 23. p. 49. Paco-coatinga, caule spirali minor. Plum. Hist. y. 30. Costus comosus. Roemer & Schultes, i. p- 25. q. Costus cylindricus. Jb. i. p. 26. DESCRIPTION. Root tuberous; stem cylindrical, spiral, six feet high or upwards ; leaves alternate, broad-lanceolate-obtuse, about five inches long, ineequilateral, glaucous below ; petioles very short, terminating in an ocrea fimbriated with strong white threads surrounding the stem; spike terminal, cylindrical, 5-7 inches long, declined ; bractes numerous, closely imbricate; outer bracte of a rhomboidal form, bright scarlet; flowers expanding in succession, dull yellow; outer limb of corolla in three segments; outer segments ovate, equal; inner limb or lip rhomboidal, concave, larger than the segments of the outer limb; the faux or nectarium composed of a mass of orange-coloured succulent fibres; filament spatulate, ovate, and intire at the apex; anther placed in front below the apex, of two lobes, naked; style strong, cylindrical, nearly the length of the filament, naked at the base; stigma cup-shaped, compressed so as to resemble two lips with ciliated margins, supported by two short, blunt processes; capsule three-celled ; seeds numerous. OBSERVATIONS. The arrangement and history of this genus have been attended with considerable difficulty; but that our plant is the Paco-coatingo of Piso, caule spirali minor of Plumier, there cannot be any doubt. We are possessed of a plant of it in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, sent us by the late Baron de Schack, from Trinidad; but this not having yet flowered, we have had recourse, on the present occasion, to a fine specimen brought by Charles 8. Parker, Esq. from the same place, the fruit and sone ne which wae preserved in spirits, and enable us to give the most satisfactory details of the fructification; eae! conforming to the generic character, which distinguishes this from every other genus of Monandrian Plants, in having the appendages or processes usually found at the base, placed at the summit of the style. REFERENCES. . Outer bracte. . Inner bracte. . Intire flower. . Sections of outer limb of corolla. Inner limb of corolla, or lip and nectary. - Filament, anther, style and stigma. . Style and stigma separated. ort an fF © wp Stigma, with its two blunt processes, magnified. se Ie ey Sit7a hey 4 , le IH OE, ws ee: oie me Es eR OTS Estero COSTUS SPIRALIS. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Se een SECT. I1—SCITAMINER. Gry. Cuar.—Anther double, attached to the front of the petal-like filament; filament extending beyond the anther, entire; interior limb of corolla unilabiate; capsule three-celled; seeds numerous. Spec. — Fe Pao . : , A c. Cuar.—Stem cylindrical ; ocrea short, simple; leaves lanceolate-obtuse, inzequilateral, smooth on both sides ; mid-rib slightly downy on the upper side; spike ovate, imbricate, scarlet ; lip ovate, concave, entire, claw narrow; flowers rose colour. Syy.—Jacuacanga, aliis Paco caatinga, Piso, Hist. Nat. Brazil, cap. 60. p- 98. Amst. 1648. Caulis internodiis rarioribus et mollioribus distinctus, amplis et crassis foliis est conspicuus; ¢ cujus vertice compactus squamatus, figura pyramidali et speciosa rubescens flos progerminat. Costus Pisonis. Bot. Reg. fig. 899. Capitulus terminalis, ovi columbini magnitudine, squamis sanguineis imbricatus, pauciflorus, flores, rosei magni, ¢ squamis erumpentes, citd decidui. DESCRIPTION. Stem cylindrical, spiral, smooth, about two feet in height, leaves alternating on the stem in an ascending circle, about six inches in length, broad-lanceolate-obtuse, ineequilateral, smooth on both sides, slightly downy on the upper mid-rib; petioles short, smooth; ocrea simple ; spike terminal, oval, erect; outer bractes ovate, acute, upper ones largest, imbricate, deep scarlet ; calyx tubular, three-toothed, scarlet; outer limb of corolla in three segments, the upper one the largest, the two lower ones of equal size; inner limb ovate, mucronate at the apex, with a narrow linear claw, flowers rose colour; filament erect, ovate, pointed; lobes of the anther white, linear, placed in front of the filament, about one-third its length below the apex; style strong, cylindrical, smooth, extending a little beyond the anther, naked at the base, but terminating with two blunt processes, supporting the stigma; stigma a compressed cup, with a ciliated margin ; germen ovate; seeds numerous. OBSERVATIONS. The Kditor of the Botanic Register (fig. 899 of that work) is undoubtedly correct in considering the plant which he has there figured, as being entirely different from the Alpinia Spicata of Jacquin, which is also figured in the present work under the name of Costus Spicatus; but whether it may be different from the Costus Spiralis of other authors, seems not to have been hitherto ascertained. There are in fact three species of the American genus of Costus, viz. the comosus, the spiralis, and the cernuus, all of which have an ovate, imbricated, compact spike, with scarlet bractes and rose-coloured flowers; one of which is undoubtedly that figured in the Bot. Reg. These species are believed to be all now in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, although only one of them has yet flowered, and this we conceive to be the same as that figured in the Bot. Reg. This species was introduced from the Brazils, to the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, by Richard Harrison, Esq. of Aighburgh, where it has flowered, and is considered to be the true spiralis. Two other specimens under the same name have been received at the Botanic Garden, but have not yet flowered; one from the late Baron de Schack, at Trinidad, the other from Mr. Otto, at Berlin. We fully agree with the Editor of the Bot. Reg. that our plant is the Jacuacanga of Piso, the wood print of which is repeated by Marcgrave, for his Paco Caatinga ; Taney however, is not the same plant, but is, we conceive, the Costus Cylindricus of the present work. REFERENCES. . Sections of outer and inner limb of corolla. . Calyx. . Calyx and flower before expansion. Upper part of style, with the hornlets and stigma magnified. Bo woe Germen, style and stigma, natural size. Filament and anther, natural size. Dn COSTUS NIPALENSIS. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. NU CLONE SECT. II. SCITAMINES. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, attached to the front of the petal-like filament; filament intire, extending beyond the anther ; stigma supported by two fleshy processes; interior limb of corolla unilabiate ; capsule three-celled ; seeds numerous. Srec. Cuar.—Leaves lanceolate-obtuse, downy below, ocrea coloured, fimbriate ; calyx campanulate, trifid at the apex, deep purple; outer limb of corolla in three broad-lanceolate segments, bright pink; inner limb crenate, white; filament ovate, hairy on the back; stigma with two blunt fleshy: processes. Syv.—Costus speciosus (var. B.) angustifolius. Bot. Reg. No. 655. DESCRIPTION. Root of thick fleshy tubers, stem from four to five feet high, ascending spirally ; leaves alternate, lanceolate- obtuse, terminating in a filiform point, smooth above and downy below, on very short concave petioles; ocrea rubescent at the margin, and ciliated with long white hairs; spike terminal, capitate, imbricate ; flowers expanding in succession; outer bracte ovate, bright purple; calyx superior, persistent, campanulate, apex in three lanceolate, mucronate, erect, deep-purple segments; outer limb of corolla in three segments; segments ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, bright pink; inner limb, or lip, very large, undulate, crenate, transparent, white ; faux of the corolla, or nectary, beset with yellow succulent fibres ; filament ovate, intire, revolute at the apex, smooth on the front, but covered at the back with long white hairs; anther placed on the front surface of the filament, about half-an-inch below the apex, imbedded in its proper receptacle ; style strong, erect, naked at the base, the length of the filament; stigma tubular, compressed, with quadrangular lips, finely ciliated, and supported at the back by two short blunt horns or processes ; capsule ovate, three-celled ; seeds numerous. OBSERVATIONS. We have no hesitation in acceding to the opinion of Dr. Wallich, as recorded in Bot. Reg. p. 665. that this is “ a new species of Costus from Nipal,”* and not merely a variety of the Costus speciosus, with a plant of which we have had an opportunity ef comparing it in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, and find it to differ in many essential respects. In particular, the speciosus is a plant of much larger growth, being from eight to nine feet high, whilst the Nipalensis scarcely attains half that height. In the Speciosus the leaves are broad-lanceolate, about six inches long, and four broad; but in our plant the leaves are lanceolate-obtuse, or broadest towards the apex, about a foot long, and at the widest part not more than three inches broad. The plant of the Speciosus in the Liverpool Garden has not yet flowered; but in comparing our present figure with that of the speciosus as given by Jacquin, (PL. rar. vol. i. tab. i.) we find the exterior limb of the corolla in the speciosus is white, in ours it is a beautiful bright rose-colour, whilst in Nipalensis the interior limb of the corolla is a pure transparent white, but in the Speciosus flesh-coloured.—We doubt not that when we have an opportunity of comparing the more immediate parts of fructification of these plants, still more striking distinctions will be obtained, but these are sufficient to show ru that the present must be considered as a distinct species, and not as a mere variety. found differently written in the present work, as following the text from which the quotation is made) A try (which will be A * The name of this country ( epala, and Nipala, with the ¢ sounded long, as in ¢ime, and the final @ is not pronounced.” The editors of , SEIT een “ is written in Sungskrita Dictionaries N i @ ing with the pronunciation in the country itself.” y. FZ. Ind. vol. ii. p. 89. Ps ‘ ly adopted Népal, “ as most agreeing wi Dr. Roxburgh’s Flora Indica have finally J THTRMIQVM gy Ly at AUIS. | | Li indel he Hon. and _ For living plants of this beautiful species, the Liverpool Botanic Garden has been indebted to the Hon. and Rey. William Herbert, to Dr. Wallich, of Calcutta, and to the London Horticultural Society. It expands its and continues them in succession for a considerable length of time. REFERENCES. Calyx. Lip. Outer bracte. | Intire flower. . Sections of exterior limb of corolla. Germen, calyx, and filament seen at the back. Filament seen in front, and anther. Anther magnified. Style and stigma, natural size, and magnified. - Germen magnified. COSTUS DISCOLOR. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINEA. Gen. Cuar.— - n.—Anther double, attached to the front of the petal-like filament; filament extending beyond the anther Hana : ve a er, ovate, intire; inner limb of corolla unilabiate ; capsules three-celled; seeds numerous. rec. CHar.— mdi Stem cylindrical, ocrea smooth; leaves broad-ovate, obtuse, cequilateral, smooth on both sides, purpurescent beneath; spike ovate, imbricate; bractes purple at the base, green at the apex; flowers white. DESCRIPTION. Roots tuberous, spreading; stem cylindrical, spiral, smooth, four feet high; leaves alternating on the stem in an ascending circle, broad-lanceolate, strongly nerved, equilateral, smooth on both sides, green above, purple below; petioles very short, smooth; ocrea ciliated with fine hairs; spike terminal, oval, declining ; outer bractes laxly imbricate, ovate, crimson at the base, green at the apex, and sometimes foliaceous ; calyx tubular, three-toothed, scarlet; flowers large, white, generally expanding in pairs; outer limb of corolla in three segments, lanceolate, nearly equal; inner limb or lip oblong, trilobate, waved at the margin, and slightly tinged with yellow in the middle, with the nectarium at the base; filament oblong, resembling in shape an Egyptian Mummy, scarlet for upwards of three-fourths its length, white at the apex; anther of two yellow lobes, naked, placed on its proper bed in front of the filament, and about one-third distant from the apex; style strong, cylindrical, naked at the base, extending beyond the anther, but shorter than the filament; stigma a compressed cup, with ciliated margin supported by the two hornlike, pointed appendages peculiar to the genus. OBSERVATIONS. This beautiful species of Costus was introduced by Mr. Newman, from Maranham, and received from Mr. Lee of Hamersmith, at the Botanic Garden in Liverpool, where it has repeatedly flowered. In specific arrangement it may be ranked with those which flower in a loose spike, and is most nearly related to Speciosus and Nipalensis, from which it is, however, sufficiently distinguished by its peculiarly shaped filament, and the contrasted green and _ scarlet colour of its leaves, which has induced us to give it the name of Discolor. REFERENCES. . Outer floral bracte. . Inner do. . Calyx. _ Germen and filament, anther, style and stigma. . Style and stigma detached. Aa F wo wo . Stigma, with its appendages in profile, magnified. x . Stigma, without its appendages, do. - Outer limb of corolla. ive) . Inner do. in its tubular form. Ke} 10. Ditto, expanded. - COSTUS MACULATUS. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINER. Grn. Cuar.—Anther double, attached to the flat surface of the petal-like filament ; filament intire, the anther; capsule three-celled Spec. Crar.—Spike radical extending beyond 3 seeds numerous. 3 scape short-jointed ; bractes imbricate, green 3 stems hairy, spotted with red; leaves lanceolate, smooth on the upper surface, villous below ; lip ovate, fimbriate, white, with two yellow stripes from the base to the apex. Syy.—Costus Afer. var. (3) Rough Sierra Leone Costus. Bot. Reg. p. 684 ? DESCRIPTION. Roots tuberous; stems cylindrical, spiral, 12—18 inches high, very hairy, marked near the joints with red spots ; leaves alternating according to the course of the stem, lanceolate, smooth on the upper surface, but villous below ; petioles short, concave, hairy, terminating in a short ligulated sheath or oerea ; spike radical, jointed, about three inches high, capitate, imbricate ; flowers expanding in succession, and only in perfection one day ; scape hairy ; bractes ovate, obtuse, green; calyx superior, of one leaf, tubular, trifid at the apex ; corolla monopetalous, with a double limb; outer limb in three nearly equal, ovate, white segments, one of them reflected ; inner limb or lip broad-ovate, crenate, or fimbriate, and expanding towards the apex, with two broad yellow streaks down the middle, and a tuft of yellow filaments in the faux; filament simple, ovate, petal-like, erect, intire, reflexed at the apex; anther double, placed in the centre of the filament, rather nearer the apex than the base; style rising from the germen, without the subulate processes at the base, strong, erect, terminating in a lunate, concave, two- lipped, compressed, ciliated stigma, which is supported at the back by a membranous, erect appendage, slightly bifid at the apex; germen ovate, smooth. OBSERVATIONS. Although this plant, which we have here denominated Costus maculatus, differs from the plant figured in Bot. Register, No. 683, as Costus Afer var. (a) by the striking peculiarity of flowering by a scape, immediately from the root, whilst the flower of Costus Afer is terminal; yet it is not for this reason alone, that we have been induced to consider it as a distinct species, there being other and perhaps more important characters, which have concurred in this decision. These diversities are founded on the intire habit of our plant, which will sufficiently appear on comparing it with the figure given in Bot. Reg. That this is, however, one of the plants referred to in the Bot. Reg. p. 684, as having been introduced by Mr, George Don, Collector to the Horticultural Society, we have no doubt ; but we cannot assent to the opinion there expressed, that it is only a variety of the species there given. Probably if the plant here figured had flowered when such decision was formed, it might have induced a further consideration; for although we may not suppose a radical or terminal inflorescence sufficient, in itself, to indicate a species, yet we know not, as yet, of any instance among Scitaminean plants, where this distinction, amongst others, has not characterized one; and we are not prepared to say, that me different economy by which a plant produces its fruit immediately from the root, or at me eae ie i ean . not always accompanied, as in the present instance, by other striking diversities, which may justify us in ma ing a more decided distinction than the mere term of variety seems to imply. This plant was presented by the Horticultural Society to the Botanic Garden in Liverpool, and flowered 15th February, 1825. REFERENCES. 1. Germen, calyx, style and stigma, : |stighay magnified, — 2. Ditto, seen at the back, with the bifid glandular process, 3. Filament and anther. 4. Bracte. 5. Corolla seen in front. 6. Ditto at the back. ao 7. Lip. 8. The three sections of outer limb of corolla. vd yeronul% veynvs jou . Germen, with processes, style and stigma. 6. Calyx. 7. Intire flower. Or ZINGIBER RUBENS. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINE®. Gry. Cuar.—Anther double; filament extending beyond the anther, in an awl-shaped beak, embracing the style. Spec. Cuar.—Spike lateral, radical, half immersed in the earth, imbricate; bractes linear-lanceolate-acute, bright red, slightly villous; lip oblong-ovate, intire, revolute, spotted with red. Zingiber Rubens, Flor. Ind. sp. 6, vol. i. p. 51. DESCRIPTION. Roots tuberous; stems herbaceous, declining, 6-8 feet high; leaves alternate, bifarious, sessile, sheathing, lanceolate, 12-14 inches long, smooth on the upper and villous on the under side, terminating in a long membranaceous stipule, somewhat bifid, and hairy at the apex; spikes radical, rising from the base of the stem, where they join the root, oblong-ovate, imbricated ; outer bracte one-flowered, lanceolate-acute, bright red, slightly villous; inner bracte nearly the length of the tube of the corolla, pellucid, slightly villous, irregularly tridentate ; calyx cylindrical, membranaceous, pellucid, sheathing the tube of the corolla half its length, apex three-toothed, very slightly villous; corolla with a long recurved cylindrical villous tube; exterior limb of the corolla in three lanceolate-acute, concave, bright-red segments, the two lateral ones immediately under, and supporting the lip, and projecting a little beyond it, the other segment erect, all slightly hairy; interior limb or lip of one segment oblong-ovate, mucronate, revolute, beautifully marked with spots of red on a yellowish ground ; filament short; anther two-lobed, terminating with the long awl-shaped process or horn, of a bright red colour, extending along the upper side of the lip; style tubular, slender; stigma funnel-shaped, ciliated, with the mouth downwards; germen villous, three-celled ; germinal processes blunt. OBSERVATIONS. A native of the interior of Bengal, sent by Dr. Buchanan from the neighbourhood of Rungpore, to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta. A plant received from Messrs. Loddiges’ at Hackney, flowered in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, in October 1822. REFERENCES. . Outer bracte. . Inner ditto. . Calyx. . Germen, anther, and projecting beak of the filament. . Anther, and beak in front. Germen and processes, style and stigma. . The lip resting on the two lateral segments of the outer limb of corolla. ort nan fF wo po . The lip expanded. a, A SUAITFOSALGH) ZINGIBER SQUARROSUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINE®. Gen. Cuar.—Anther double ;_ filament extending beyond the anther in a subulate beak, embracing the style. Srxc. Cuar.—Spike radical, lateral, scarcely rising above the earth; bractes imbricate, lanceolate, villose, crimson at the apex; outer limb of corolla in three sections, linear, crenate, reflexed, white ; lip simple, ovate, crenate, white. Syv.—Zingiber squarrosum. Rowb. in Trans. Asiat. Soc. xi. 348. Flor. Ind. i. 52. Zingiber squarrosum. Roemer & Schultes, i. 566. Zingiber squarrosum. Sprengel, i. 12. DESCRIPTION. Roots tuberous, with imbricated squarrose sheaths; stem herbaceous, smooth, erect, 4-5 feet high; leaves alternate, lanceolate, distantly nerved, undulate on the margin, smooth on the upper surface and slightly villous beneath; petioles from one inch to an inch and a half long, with a very long, smooth, stipule, or ocrea, embracing the stem; spike rising from the root at a distance from the stem, ovate, more than half immersed in the earth; bractes lanceolate, villose, crimson at the apex, 3—4 flowered, imbricate ; inner bractes as long as the tube of the corolla, three-cleft, and crimson at the apex; calyx superior, cylindrical, embracing the tube; corolla tubular, with a double limb; outer limb in three sections; sections long, linear, crenate at the margins, recurved in various directions, white; inner limb or lip with a short claw, broad, ovate, crenate, white, erect; filament extending beyond the anther in a slender subulate grooved beak; anther double, linear, grooved, embracing the style; stigma a ciliated cup, projecting beyond the beak; capsule on a short pedicel, large, ovate, striate, externally of a fine peach colour, internally a bright scarlet, opening from the apex in three valves ; seeds numerous, globular, black, rugose, with a white tomentose aril, arranged in two rows, and attached by an upright dissepiment to the middle of each valve. OBSERVATIONS. Although we have received this plant at three several times from our different correspondents in India, under the name of Zingiher squarrosum, we are by no means certain that it is the plant described under the same name by Dr. Roxburgh in the Flor. Ind. the corolla being there described as having an exterior border of three pink-coloured, lanceolate-acute segments, and the inner border or lip as two-lobed at the base, the apex bifid, and the colour a speckled mixture of purple, red, and yellow; whilst in our plant, which has flowered with us for several successive years, these parts differ both in form and colour, the corolla being intirely white. Other differences, of no less importance, seem to exist between the plants described ; insomuch that we shall not be surprised if the specific name Squarrosum should belong to a different species, and the present one should appear not to have been heretofore described. We are, however, fully convinced, that our friends who at present preside, with such acknowledged ability, over the Botanical departments at Serampore and Calcutta, will, on the inspection of our work, be enabled to remove our doubts. REFERENCES. Outer bracte. Inner bracte. Germen and processes, anther, style and stigma. 1. 4, 3. 4. Calyx, tube, and lip of corolla. 5. Outer limb of corolla. 6. 7; 9. Inner limb or lip. 8. Capsule. The same open. 10. Seed. 11. The same with its aril. edt bas §eilt ty snaqnts a ie ROE ee c afrctitiian” ~ panmeseinsnan tabla tteeae ater : ede | | } | oe ea Pa 2 rane vipnagenn nee OF wancncarnseensvenacnirse ZINGIBER CAPITATUM. MONANDRIA MON OGYNIA. ee ee SECT. Il. SCITAMINER. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double ; filament extending beyond the anther in an awl-shaped, grooved beak, embracing the style. Sprc. Crar.—Spike terminal, long, linear, imbricate, fastigiate; leaves linear-lanceolate-acute, sheathing the stem; flowers large, yellow. Zingiber capitatum. Flor. Indica, vol. i. p- 54. DESCRIPTION. Root composed of numerous tubers, surrounding, and dependant from, the central bulb, of a watery consistence and insipid taste ; stems erect, round, enveloped in the sheaths of the leaves, three feet high; leaves alternate, linear-lanceolate, smooth, and bright green on the upper surface, villous and glaucous below; spike terminal, sessile, linear-oblong, closely imbricated, fastigiate ; outer bractes inferior, linear-lanceolate-acute, somewhat concave, green, margin membranous, slightly tinged with rose colour at the apex, smooth ; inner bracte membranous, sheathing the tube of the corolla, greenish, pellucid, slightly villous at the apex; calyx superior, inflated, sub-trifid, slightly hairy, sheathing the tube of the corolla half its length ; corolla tubular; outer limb in three segments, one, erect, the others equal, linear, extending below and supporting the lip; inner limb in three lobes, the two lateral ones equal, oblong-ovate, expanding; the central lobe or lip broad-ovate, slightly emarginate ; the whole corolla a bright yellow; filament extending beyond the anther in a grooved beak; anther double; style filiform, rising from the germen between two long slender processes, following the course of the filament, and terminating a little beyond the beak, in a cup-shaped stigma, germen ovate, villous; mature spike conical, imbricate, red ;. capsules oval, three-celled ; seeds numerous, black, imbedded in a white aril. OBSERVATIONS. The present figure is given from a drawing by a native artist, brought into this country by the Right Hon. the Earl of Mountnorris, and by his permission engraved for the present work. The living plant is also in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, having been sent from the banks of the Hoogly, in Bengal, by Mr. Brocager, in the year 1822, and flowered there the 9th August 1823; but on comparing the specimen with the present drawing, it appeared that the representation could not be improved, and the dissections of the flower only were added. We are informed, in Flor. Ind. that “ this plant is a native of the forests of Rohilcund, and that from thence Colonel Thomas Hardwicke sent plants to the Botanic Garden (at Calcutta) under the vernacular name Junglee Adruk: ; that it flowers there during the rains, and the seeds ripen in September and October.” Row. Flor. Ind. vol. i. 0 OS, REFERENCES. 1. Outer bracte. 2. Inner bracte. 3. Intire flower. 4, Germen and calyx. . Anther and awl-shaped beak. or a . Germen and processes, style and stigma. ee x Maytteg ZINGIBER ELATUM. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINER, Gey. Cuar.—Anther double ; filament extending beyond the anther, in a subulate grooved beak, embracing the style. Spec. CHAr.—Spike terminal, bractes lanceolate, diverging, one-flowered ; lip broad, ovate, deeply notched at the apex; beak very long; flowers bright yellow. Syy.—Zingiber elatum. Rowb. Flor. Ind. v. i. p. 56. DESCRIPTION. Roots with numerous small tubers; stems herbaceous, from 4 to 5 feet high, sheathed by the decurrent petioles ; leaves bifarious, alternate, linear-lanceolate, recurved ; spikes terminal, of a narrow, lanceolate, compact form, composed of a series of erect, lanceolate, divaricate, pointed bractes, each containing a single flower ; calyx superior, toothed; corolla with a double limb, outer limb in three sections, the upper one larger, concave, the lower ones long, linear, declined, equal; lower lip expanding in three sections, the middle section deeply notched at the apex, the whole flower of a bright yellow; filament supporting the anther, and extending beyond it in a long subulate beak; anther two-lobed; style simple, extending beyond the beak of the filament, supported at the base by the germinal processes, and crowned by the ciliated stigma ; capsule size of a small olive, three-celled, three-valved. OBSERVATIONS. That the present terminal species of Zingiber is the Z. elatum of the Flora Indica (vol. i. p. 56.) we cannot entertain a doubt, after having attentively compared our figure with the very minute description there given. The drawing was brought, with many others, some years since, from the neighbourhood of Lucknow, by the Right Hon. the Earl of Mountnorris, and is here figured by his Lordship’s permission. We have long been of opinion that no generic distinction can be founded on the radical or terminal appearance of the spike; and we have some reason to doubt whether it affords even a good specific difference; as we may perhaps state more at large, if an opportunity occurs. The Z. elatum is a native of Bengal, flowering in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta in July and August, and ripening its seeds in September and October. It does not appear to have been yet introduced into Europe. KAMPFERIA GALANGA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINEE. Gun. Cuar.—Anther double; filament extended beyond the anther ; apex bilobate. Spec. CHar.—Spike central ; leaves radical, bifarious, spreading on the ground, broad-ovate, downy beneath ; lower lip deeply divided into two ovate lobes, with a purple mark at the base of each lobe, the remainder pure white ; filament short, crest bipartite, recurved. Syy.—Katsjula Kelengu. Rheed. Mal. xi. tab. 41. Soncorus. Rumph. Amb. v. tab. 69. fig. 2. Alpinia sessilis. Koenig. in Retz. obs. 3. p. 62. Keempferia galanga, folits ovatis sessilibus. Hort. Kew. Ed. i. p. 3. Keempferia galanga. Willd. i. 15. Enumer. 16 & Keempferia galanga. Smith, in Rees’ Cyclop. in loco. Kempferia galanga. Bot. Mag. t. 850. Kempferia galanga. Row. in Asiat. Res. xi. 327. Flor. Ind. i. 14. Keempferia galanga. Roemer & Schultes, Syst. Veg. i. p. 27. Kampferia galanga. Sprengel, Syst. Veg. i. p. 10. DESCRIPTION. Roots perennial, consisting of numerous ovate tubers, with appendant fibres; stem sheathing, not rising above the ground; leaves bifarious, spreading, 4—6 inches long, and nearly as broad, strongly ribbed, green and smooth above, glaucous and downy below; spike central; flowers in small fascicles of 8-10, rising in succession ; common bracte or sheath lanceolate, acute; partial bractes to each flower narrow, white ; calyx sheathing the tube of the corolla half its length, white; corolla tubular, with a double border; outer limb of three equal, linear-lanceolate, concave segments, white; inner limb of three segments, the two upper segments erect, ovate, spreading, pure white; lower segment or lip deeply divided into two ovate lobes, with a dark purple mark at the base of each lobe, the remainder white; filament short, extended a little beyond the anther; apex in two blunt, recurved lobes ; anther double, crowned with the crest of the filament ; style tubular, slender, supported at the base by two narrow, subulate processes 5 stigma cup-shaped. OBSERVATIONS. This plant has long been cultivated in the Kast as a medicine, a condiment, and a perfume. It was introduced into this country as early as 1724, by Charles Dubois, Esq. but is not of very frequent occurrence in our stoves; the flowers, although very elegant, being of short duration, succeeding each other daily till the whole fascicle is exhausted. The roots seem to possess the same warm, aromatic qualities that are common to the genus; but Sir Joseph Banks found, on inquiry, that they were unknown to the druggists in London. The plant was found by Kempfer, in Japan, but only in a cultivated state. Srmith, in Rees’ Cyclop. Dr. Carey informs us, that it is said to be very common on the mountainous districts beyond Chittagong: where it is called Kumula, and that it is cultivated by the Joomma (mountain) Mug's, and by them brought down and sold in the markets to the people of Bengal, under the above name, who use it as an ingredient in their betel. As. Res. xi. 327. Flor. Ind. i. 14. REFERENCES. . Outer limb of corolla, filament and anther. 1 2, Upper sections of inner limb of corolla. 3, Lower section or lip. 4 .. Germen, subulate processes, style and stigma. 5. Floral bracte. Ae i AML Yt. CLM. P20 CPP €, 7a) € Y K/EMPFERIA MARGINATA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINE®. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double; filament extended beyond the anther ; apex two-lobed. Spxc. Cuar.—Spike central; leaves broad-ovate, margin coloured, glaucous and downy below; filament two-lobed, lobes obtuse, emarginate; inner limb of the corolla, lateral segments cordate, lip broad-ovate, two-lobed, lobes bifid, emarginate. Syv.—Keempferia marginata, Carey, MS. DESCRIPTION. Root composed of numerous round or oblong fleshy tubers, with dependant fibres; stems short ; leaves radical, bifarious, seldom more than two from the same crown, spreading flat on the surface of the earth, light green on the upper surface, glaucous and villous below, surrounded by a membranous purple margin, and tinged with the same colour towards the apex below, 6 inches long, 5 broad, with longitudinal nerves about half an inch distant ; Jlowers in fascicles of 6-8, rising in succession from the centre of the plant ; common bracte broad-lanceolate, green, acute, and coloured at the point; partial bracte narrow-lanceolate, membranous ; calyx superior, sheathing the tube of the corolla half its length, opening obliquely, white; tube of the corolla upwards of an inch long, terminating in a double border; exterior border in three sections, long, lanceolate, equal, reflexed, pure white ; interior border in three segments ; lateral segments heart-shaped, erect, purple, on a short white claw ; middle segment or lip in two deep lobes, each lobe broad-ovate, bifid, or emarginate, bright purple, with a darker shade at the base ; Jilament extending beyond the anther, and terminating in a two-lobed apex or crest, each lobe slightly bifid, or truncate, purple; style filiform, with two long, erect processes at the base; stigma funnel-shaped, finely ciliated round the margin. OBSERVATIONS. This new and beautiful species of Keempferia, was sent from India to the Botanic Garden, in Liverpool, by Dr. Witi1am Caney, in 1822, and flowered soon after its arrival The medical properties of its strongly- scented tuberous roots, are yet unknown. REFERENCES. 1. Tube and outer limb of the corolla, filament, and anther. 2. i 3: kscamens of inner border of the corolla. 4. 5. Style and processes at the base, and stigma. 6. Common bracte. MOWLTATOLA 2 Ks L774, KEMPFERIA ANGUSTIFOLIA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINEE. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double; filament extended beyond the anther, apex lobed. Spec. Cuar.—Spike central; leaves radical, narrow-lanceolate, waved, smooth on both sides, paler beneath ; filament bifid at the apex; lip bilobate, lobes ovate, purple. Syx.—Keempferia angustifolia. Smith in Rees’ Cyclop. in loco. Keempferia angustifolia. Hort. Kew. Ed. alt. vol. i. p- 8. Keempferia angustifolia. Willd. Enumeratio, vol. i. Deno: Keempferia angustifolia. Roxb. Flor. Ind. i. 16. Keempferia angustifolia. Redoute, Pl. Liliac. tab. 389. Roemer & Schultes, i. 27. Keempfera angustifolia. Sprengel, i. 10. DESCRIPTION. Root consisting of numerous ovate tubers, with many fibres, biennial; leaves radical, lanceolate, undulate, intire, 4—6 inches long, 14 broad, longitudinally nerved, smooth on both sides, paler beneath, decurrent, and keeled at the base; spike rising in the centre of the leaves, from a lanceolate bracte, that incloses the whole fascicle, an inner bracte accompanying each flower; calyx superior, of one leaf, sheathing the tube of the corolla nearly half its length, and opening obliquely on one side; corolla tubular, with a double border; outer limb of three long, narrow, linear-lanceolate segments, pure white; inner limb of three segments, two of which are equal, erect, ovate, intire, white; the lower segment or lip larger than the others, bilobate, of a deep purple or violet colour, with a white claw; filament extending beyond the anther, and terminating in a bifid crest; anther in two lobes, embracing the style; style filiform, supported at the base by two subulate processes about a quarter of an inch long; stigma funnel-shaped, margin simple. OBSERVATIONS. This small but elegant species of Keempferia, (or as Profes. Sprengel has of late denominated it, Kamprrna,) is a native of Bengal, flowering during the rainy season, and was introduced into the Royal Garden at Kew by. Sir Joseph Banks, in 1797. It generally flowers in this climate early in the spring. The root, which like those of the other species, is strongly aromatic, is used by the natives of the East as a remedy for a cough, for which purpose a small part of it is mixed up with their betle. (Rowb. in As. Res. xi. 328.) REFERENCES. _ The two segments of the upper lip of interior limb of corolla. . Lower lip of corolla. The three segments of exterior limb of corolla, filament and anther. . Calyx. on Po wo . Style, with its subulate processes and stigma. K AMPFERIA OVALIFOLIA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINER. filament extended beyond the anther; apex lobed. Spxc. Cuar.—Spike radical; leaves ovate Gey. Cuar.—Anther double ; -lanceolate, intirely green; filament three-lobed, middle lobe notched ; lip purple, bilobate ; lobes mucronate. DESCRIPTION. Root consisting of large, ovate, fleshy tubers, with numerous fibres; lower leaves ovate; upper leaves lanceolate, with long sheathing petioles which are purpurescent at the base ; spike radical, rising before the leaves ; scape about four inches long, containing several flowers, which expand in succession; calyx superior, about half the length of the corolla, white ; tube of the corolla long, linear, erect, terminating with a double border; exterior border in three segments, long, narrow, equal, lanceolate, erect, white; interior border in three segments, the two upper segments oblong, ovate, equal, intire, pure white; the lower segment or lip purple, deeply divided into two lobes, each lobe obcordate, bifid, with a short mucronate process in the centre; claw yellow, with oblique purple streaks; filament erect, extended beyond the anther, terminating in three lobes, the middle lobe slightly notched, the others acute, intire; style long, slender, closely embraced at the base by two erect, subulate processes ; stigma concave, ciliated; germen three-celled ; seeds numerous. OBSERVATIONS. This plant has been sent to the Botanic Garden in Liverpool, at three different times, from the East Indies, as K. ovalifolia ; yet it is not without considerable hesitation that we have been induced to publish it under that name; as it differs in so many striking particulars from the K. ovalifolia given in Dr. Roxburgh’s Coromandel Plants, and described in Flor. Ind. vol. i. p. 8. that we might have been fully justified in considering it as a different species. In that plant the spike appears to be central, rising with the leaves; whilst in ours it is lateral, and precedes the leaves. In the figure in Coromandel Plants, the leaves agree with the appellation, being oval, without petioles, bifarious, and spreading near the surface of the ground; in ours the lower leaves only are ovate, the upper ones being lanceolate, on long petioles, and the whole plant appearing to be of a different habit. When, however, we examine the corolla, we find such an exact concordance in its structure, and this structure is so different from that of any others coral to us of this genus, that we have thought it advisable to retain the name under which we received the plant. The peculiarity we refer to, consists in the termination or crest of the filament, which in all the other species of Kampferia which we have examined, is bifid, but in this plant is trifid, the middle lobe being also slightly indented or notched. It may indeed be said, that from the very recent importation of many of the Scitaminean plants into this country, we are but very imperfectly acquainted with their habits, and the variations of their growth; so that after all, it is not impossible that the diversities we have pointed out, between Dr. Roxburgh’s figure and our own, may not be specifically essential, or at most, may serve only to characterise these plants as varieties. REFERENCES. j. Intire flower. 2, Bifid lip, and mucronate processes. 3. Upper segments of the interior limb of corolla. 4. Exterior limb of corolla. . Filament, anther, and crest. OU . Germen, style, with its supporting’ processes, and stigma. an Sees K EMPFERIA PANDURATA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. pe Oe er SECT. II. SCITAMINES. filament extended beyond the anther, apex lobed. leaves radical, broad-lanceolate, lip broad, panduriform, trilobate. Syy.—Manja-kua, Rheede, Hort. Mal. v. xi. tab. 10. Zerumbet claviculatum, Rumph, Amb. v. tab. 69. Curcuma rotunda, Lin. Sp. Pl. 1. 3. Willd. Sp. Pl. 1. 14, Keempferia ovata, Gey. Cuar.—Anther double ; Spxc. Cuar.—Spike central ; smooth, with long grooved petioles ; filament bilobate ; Rose. in Lin. Trans. y. viii. p- 351. v. xi. 274, Keempferia Pandurata, Roab. in As. Res. v. xi. 328. Keempferia Pandurata, Bot. Reg. vol. ii. No. 173. Keempferia Pandurata, Loddiges’ Bot. Cab. No. 587. DESCRIPTION. Roots perennial, tuberous, fusiform, deep orange within; stem short, composed of the sheathing petioles of the leaves, about two feet high, purple towards the base; leaves broad-lanceolate, smooth on both sides ; petioles nearly as long as the leaves, deeply channelled ; spike rising in the centre of the leaves from a common imbricated sheath, composed of a double series of bractes, the outer ones long, lanceolate, pale green; the inner ones narrower, and containing a congeries of flowers rising in succession by one or two at a tim superior, membranaceous, lobed at the apex, inflated, pale rose-colour, lanceolate, pink colour, e; calyx sheathing the tube of the corolla one-fourth outer limb of the corolla in three lanceolate segments, the upper one rather the largest, pale pink; inner limb in three segments, its length ; tube of the corolla very long, smooth, faux hairy ; the two lateral ones ovate, equal, rose-colour, the lower or lip much larger, broad, panduriform, or rather trilobate, with the middle lobe slightly notched, striated in the centre, and deep purple round the margin ; filament extending beyond the anther in an oblong process, terminating in two short blunt lobes; anther two-lobed, oblong, crossed in front by an horizontal helmet-shaped process; style slender, with two glandular processes at the base, very long and subulate ; stigma concave, lobed, and slightly ciliated at the margin; germen ovate, smooth, three-celled ; seeds numerous. ? OBSERVATIONS. One of the first results of the new arrangement of the Scitaminee, was the reference of this singular plant, which had not before been ascertained, to its proper genus. Our first knowledge of it is from the Hortus Malabaricus of Van Rheede, vol. xi. tab. 10, where it is given under its Indian name of Manja-kua, and to this Linnzeus referred for his Curcuma rotunda. Convinced, however, of its being a Keempferia, I enumerated it amongst is beet in my arrangement of Monandrian Plants, (Trans. Lin. Soc. vol. viii.) age the name of K. ovata, since which a very good figure has been published by Dr. Roxburgh, (in Asvat. Res. ot xi. P. se) mae the He of K. pandurata, which he rightly conjectures to be the same (notwithstanding some ooo variations a os description) as ey pe a name which, in deference to him, and to prevent mistakes, Ihave, in a paper in Lin. Trans. (vol. Xi. p. 274,) already withdrawn. fae This plant is a native of Sumatra, but has been in oe country ied years. Its long fusiform roots ae probably, like most of the tribe, possessed of medicinal properties, although it does not appear they have been tried. REFERENCES. .. Germen and scape, from which the flowers rise in succession. . Outer and inner bractes. Lateral sections of inner limb of corolla. Lip. Germen, tube, and outer limb of corolla. Filament, with its bifid apex, anther and stigma, (magnified.) i ; Germen, with its glandular processes, style and stigma. . 2 SAA SHO WH . Calyx. OEE ORES Lotliczectee. i K EMPFERIA ROTUNDA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINER. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double; filament extended beyond the anther ; apex bilobate. Spec. Cuar.—Spike radical ; leaves broad-lanceolate, waved, a ferruginous purple beneath; lower lip of the interior limb of the corolla bilobate ; lobes ovate, Syn.—Malan-kua. Hort. Mal. tom. xi. tab. 9. obtuse. Bhuchampaca, Sir Wm. Jones’s Works, vol. v. p. 70. Kempferia longa. Jacq. Hort. Schonb. vol. iii. tab. 317. Kempferia longa. Redouté, Pl. Lil. tab. 49. Keempferia rotunda. Curt. Bot. Mag. 920. Kempferia rotunda. Flor. Ind. vol. i. p- 15. DESCRIPTION. Root consisting of many large, ovate, irregular tubers, with fibrous shoots; leaves radical, long-petioled, broad-lanceolate, smooth on the upper surface, with the exception of about two inches at the base, and striated with shades of green, villous, and purple below; petioles sheathing, purple, forming a short stem; spike radical, rising before the leaves, just above the surface of the earth, sessile, from six to eight flowers in each scape, opening in succession ; floral bractes two to each flower; calyx superior, sheathing the tube of the corolla three- fourths its length ; apex two small sections or hornlets slightly hairy, with brown spots; tube of the corolla long, linear, erect, with a double border; exterior border in three segments, equal, long, linear, white; interior three segments, unequal, the two upper broad-lanceolate, erect, acute, white, the margins slightly striated with purple ; lower segment, or lip, in two broad-lanceolate deflected purple lobes, pointed at the apex; filament short, erect, extending beyond the anther, terminating in two acute sections, pure white; style filiform, supported at the base by two slender germinal processes, nearly half an inch in length; stigma concave, ciliated; germen ovate, three-celled, many-seeded. OBSERVATIONS. “ This elegant plant is very generally found cultivated in gardens, on account of the beauty and fragrance of its flowers, and though no doubt a native of various parts of India, yet I cannot say where it is indigenous. Flowering time in our gardens, March and April, at which time the plant is totally destitute of leaves.”— Roxburgh, Flor. Ind. 1, 15. Sir William Jones, in his earnest desire to restore to the plants of India their native appellations, has given to this plant the name of Bhuchampaca, and has celebrated it for the elegance and spicy odour of its flowers.— Sir Wm. Jones's Works, vol. v. p. 70. 8vo. ed. Asiat. Res. vol. iv. p. 242. It has long been cultivated in Europe, and frequently described. The roots are warmly aromatic, and probably possess qualities similar to those of the Zedoary, for which there i i bstituted. is reason to believe they are frequently su | Th t drawing was made from a plant that flowered in the Liverpool Botanic Garden, April 17, 1823. e presen REFERENCES. 1. Segments of the exterior border of the corolla, filament, and anther. 2. Lower lip. le: ae 3, 4. Sections of the upper lip of the interior limb. 5. Bracte. . 6. Germen, style and stigma, with the long germinal processes. 7. Filament and anther separate. A en eh a a ee uclal . Y AMOMUM MELEGUETA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINER. Gen. Cuar.—Anther double, attached to the front of a strong erect filament; filament extending beyond the anther, terminating in three lobes; lip unilabiate ; seeds many, arilled. Srec. Coarn.— : R.— Leaves narrow-lanceolate, sub-sessile, alternate, strongly nerved; lip large, ovate, crenate, white, terminating with crimson, pale yellow at the base; germinal processes near an inch long; capsule six inches long, coriaceous, yellow. DESCRIPTION. Stem erect, six feet in height; leaves bifarious, sub-sessile, narrow-lanceolate ; scape radical, covered at the base with about 7 imbricated, ovate, concave, pointed, and somewhat cuspidate bractes; calyx cylindrical, of one leaf, green, spotted with red; flowers cylindrical, expanding in a double border; outer border in three sections, the middle section largest, ovate, the two others linear and opposite; inner lip very large, broad-ovate, crenate, pale yellow at the base, and crimson at the margin ; filament strong, erect, clavate, terminating in three lobes, middle lobe erect and bifid, the other two pointed and recurved; a pair of hornlets on the filament, near the base of the lip; anther in two lobes, seated in front of the filament, a little below the apex, bright yellow; style erect, tubular, expanding into a ciliated stigma or cup, supported at the base by two linear processes, about an inch in length, and one-eighth of an inch in breadth, by much the largest specimen of this part observable in any Scitaminean Plant; fruit a cylindrical coriaceous capsule, six inches in length, yellow spotted with orange, supported at the base by the large ovate concave cuspidate bractes, and containing a columella or receptacle about four inches long, covered with seeds beautifully arranged, arilled, and imbedded in a tomentose substance; seeds angular, bright brown, with a highly aromatic and grateful flavour. OBSERVATIONS. Although we cannot but regret that we have not had it in our power to exhibit more than one specimen of the genus Amomum, we have had the good fortune to ascertain, and for the first time to figure, the plant which produces the article formerly so extensively known in commerce by the name of Melegucta Pepper. On diligently comparing our plant with the various Eastern species of Amomum, so admirably delineated in the Plants of the Coast of Coromandel, with the African ones discovered by Afzelius, and particularly with the full and excellent description of the various species of Amomum. by Sir J. E. Smith, in Rees’s New Cyclopedia, the most complete that has hitherto appeared, we are strongly of opinion that the present plant differs from all that have hitherto been described, and that from the great size and beauty of its flowers, ation of its fruit, and above all, the extraordinary magnitude of its germinal processes, unparalleled, the conform as far as we have observed, in any other Scitaminean Plant, it is to be considered as a distinct species; to which, from the place on the coast of Africa, whence it is supposed to have been originally brought, and as producing the article known under the name of Melegueta Pepper, we have given the specific appellation of Melegueta. Afzelius, we are informed, Paradisi to be the true Melegueta Pepper; but after comparing our very perfect specimens of both flowers and fruit, with the figures and considered himself as having made a great discovery in determining the Grana descriptions of preceding authors, and particularly with those of Gertner and of the Cyclopedia, we find diversities between our plant and the Grana Paradisi, which it appears to us impossible to reconcile ; although we shall still be anxious to obtain any information that may throw further light upon the subject. Some years since, these seeds formed an important article of commerce, and were imported in considerable quantities from the coast of Africa, and sold to dealers in London, Bristol and Liverpool. They were used by brewers for mixing with porter and ale, by distillers and rectifiers for making compounds, and by druggists for medicinal purposes instead of cardamoms. I have been assured by a friend, that fifteen years since, he has seen 20 or 30 tons sold to a single dealer, at from £4 to £5 per cwt. duty paid, and that five or six tons were usually imported in a ship from Guinea; but some idea having arisen that they were of a deleterious quality, the duty was, in 1825, raised two shillings per lb, amounting nearly to a prohibition ; since which time, the consumption has been very small. In the fourth Report of the African Institution, p. 16, the Directors observe, “that the duties on this article have been doubled, not with a view of increasing the revenue, but as operating as a prohibition of the use of it.” The Directors also state in the same report, “that they have great reason to doubt the existence of the deleterious qualities ascribed to this drug, as they find it to be universally esteemed in Africa as one of the most wholesome of spices, and generally used by the natives to season their food.” In the above observations we fully concur, being convinced that not a single deleterious plant is to be found in the whole Scitaminean tribe. That the plant we have here figured, although brought from Demerara, is a native of Africa, whence it has been brought to the tropical climates of America, we entertain little doubt; and that the diversities we have observed may be the effect of a different country, and different cultivation, we are not prepared positively to deny. That our plant produces the seeds called Melegueta Pepper we have ascertained by comparing them with those imported under that name from Africa, and sold in the shops of the druggists in Liverpool ; and we have therefore given to our plant the specific name of Melegueta, from the absolute certainty of this being the plant by which. that article is produced. The specimens from which our drawing was taken were sent by Mr. C. S. Parker from Demerara, where it is extensively cultivated, and where the seeds are much used by the inhabitants as a valuable ingredient in their diet. The specimens sent by Mr. Parker were both dried, and in spirits, in the latter of which the flowers were preserved in the highest perfection; a fine capsule was also enclosed in a bottle closely sealed, without any liquid, the seeds of which were on their arrival sown in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, and have produced numerous plants now in a healthy and growing’ state. REFERENCES. 1. Entire flower and. floral bractes. 2. Exterior limb of corolla. 3. Filament, anther, style and stigma. 4. Filament seen at the back. 5 & 6. The same parts separate, shewing also the germinal processes. 7. Interior limb of corolla or lip. 8. Germen. 9. Calyx. 10. Capsule and permanent. bractes. 11. Interior seed vessel. 12. Seeds. aS errr b S ANd G CO“VHM CURCUMA AMADA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. I. SCITAMINER. Gey. Cuoar.— 5 : : -Anther double, embracing the style, bicalcarate at the base; filament petal-like, in three segments, the central segment bearing the anther ; Spec. Cuar.—Spike central ; capsule three-celled ; seeds numerous. plant entirely green ; leaves long-petioled, broad-lanceolate-obtuse; exterior limb of the corolla pale yellow, or straw. Syy.—Amada of the Bengalies. Flor. Ind. 1. 33. -colour; lip obscurely three-lobed, yellow ; coma rose-colour. Tommon-manga. Rumph. Amb. 5. 169. ap. Asiat. Res. xi. 341. DESCRIPTION. Radical bulb a conical tuber supporting the stem, which is formed by the sheaths of the leaves; palmate tubers at the base, thick, fleshy, fingered, inwardly pale yellow; pendulous tubers suspended by long fibres, penetrating deep into the ground, and consisting of a fine, farinaceous substance, like arrow-root, of a pale colour and slightly aromatic; leaves radical, sheathing, and forming a plant from five to six feet high, broad-lanceolate- ovate, costate, smooth on both sides, from twelve to eighteen inches long, 4-5 broad; sheathing and _ petioles very long. Scape rising from the centre of the leaves, consisting of a succession of strong, imbricated, pale- green, or straw-coloured fertile bractes, terminating with a coma or tuft of pale purple, or rose-coloured barren bractes, or leaves ; fertile bractes, each containing four or five flowers, expanding in succession; calyx superior, unequally three-toothed ; exterior limb of the corolla in three sections, white or pale yellow; middle section hooded; interior limb pale yellow; lip obscurely lobed, with a deeper yellow line running down the middle; filament expanded into three petal-like lobes; central lobe bearing the anther, which is spurred at the base and embraces the style, whose compressed cup-like stigma extends a little beyond it; style slender, supported by the germinal processes; germen downy, three-celled. OBSERVATIONS. Highly interesting, as being one of the few species of Curcuma which flower from the centre of the leaves, the greater number flowering in a detached scape immediately from the root. The term Amada is said by Dr. Roxburgh to mean Mango-ginger, the fresh root possessing the peculiar smell of a green-mango. It is a native of Bengal, where the root is used medicinally, and eaten by the natives in their curries. Rowb. Asiat. Res. xi. p. 341. Sent by Dr. Carey from Serampore to the Botanic Garden in Liverpool, where it flowered, probably for the first time in Europe, on the 29th July, 1822. REFERENCES. . Outer bracte. . Inner ditto. . Corolla intire. . Ditto without the lip. . Lip of the corolla. . Anther and spurs. . Germen, with its two processes, style, and stigma. A Dao B oO DO = no / Wao ne Z7, ON Una fll t, UIC CURCUMA PETIOLATA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINE. Grn. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style, bicalcarate at the base; filament in three sections, the central section bearing the anther; capsule three-celled; seeds numerous. Spec. Cuar.—Spike central; plant intirely green; leaves long-petioled, broad-ovate, cordate at the base, acute at the apex; corolla intirely yellow; lip two-lobed; coma deep purple. Syy.—Curcuma petiolata. Rob. Flor. Ind. i. 36. DESCRIPTION. Bulbs and palmate tubers few and small, inwardly pale yellow; pendulous tubers on short fusiform fibres ; leaves broad-ovate, on very long grooved petioles, slightly cordate at the base, but tapering to an acute point at the extremity, smooth on both sides, strongly nerved, surrounding the spike, and rising to the height of five or six feet; scape rising from the centre of the leaves, simple, erect, bearing a foliaceous spike, consisting of numerous large, concave, imbricated bractes, terminating in a deep purple or _ lilac- coloured coma; the lower or fertile bractes each containing from three to five flowers; calyx superior, three- toothed; corolla tubular, inflated; exterior limb in three sections, ovate, erect; interior limb bilabiate; upper lip in three petal-like lobes, the central lobe bearing the anther, the lateral ones converging, and protecting it; lower lip small, ovate, diminishing towards the apex, where it is slightly bifid; the whole corolla a uniform yellow; anther bilobate, bicalcarate at the base; style slender, supported by the two usual germinal processes ; stigma a ciliated cup; germen ovate, three-celled. OBSERVATIONS. This very elegant central flowering species of Curcuma is of recent acquisition, having been discovered in Peou, and sent from thence by Mr. F. Carey, to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta. It was soon afterwards Sts transmitted by the kindness of Dr. Wallich, to Liverpool, where it continues to produce, annually, its fine flowers, affording, with its large deep-green leaves, a principal ornament of the collection. ata REFERENCES. 1. Intire flower. 2, Exterior limb of corolla. 3. Upper lip of interior limb, or filament and anther. 4, The anther, with its bicalcarate appendage, magnified. 5. Germen and processes, style and stigma. 6. Lower lip. ya eae Sees Sn % et at ro CURCUMA AMARISSIMA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINE. Gry. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style, bicalcarate at the base; filament petal-like, in three segments, middle segment bearing the anther. Srec. Cuar.—Spike lateral; stem clouded; leaves broad-ovate, dark green; exterior limb of corolla crimson ; lip ovate, yellow; coma white, tipt with pink; root and palmate tubers very large, yellow in the centre, and eruginous towards the margin. DESCRIPTION. Floral bulb composed of a series of large jointed tubers, with lateral fibres, palmate tubers long, linear, the thickness of a man’s thumb, zruginous and yellow within; pendulous tubers few and small, of a pearly hue within; stem rufescent; leaves green and smooth on both sides, with sheathing petioles; spike lateral, from 4—6 inches high, with brown, purplish sheaths; fertile bractes large, imbricate, dark green; coma small, white, tipt at the apex of the bractes with pale pink colour; interior bracte ovate, white; calyx in three sections, tipt with pink at the apex; outer limb of corolla in three segments, crimson; upper segment mucronate, hooded; filament, or upper lip of the interior limb in three sections, pale straw colour, the lateral sections erect, converging, the middle one bearing the bicalcarate grooved anther; lower lip obtusely trilobate, yellow, the middle lobe largest, crenate or undulate at the margin; style filiform, with two subulate processes at the base; stigma a ciliated cup; germen villous; capsule three-celled; seeds numerous. OBSERVATIONS. This plant, which, as far as my inquiries have extended, has not hitherto been either figured or described, is readily known from every other species, by its dusky rufescent stem, its white and scanty coma, and its intensely bitter root, which has induced me to distinguish it by its present appellation.— It was sent by the Rev. Dr. Carey, of Serampore, to the Botanic Garden in Liverpool, where it flowered in the month of April 1824. REFERENCES. 1. Section of one of the pendulous tubers. 2. Calyx. 3, Interior bracte. 4, Lip. . Intire flower. . Upper lip of interior limb of corolla, antheriferous. 5 6. 7. Ditto, reversed. g. Germen, with its subulate processes, style and stigma. 9 . Anther and style. vas 2ALEL a Ya leec?e CG UACALBAA2E? aa a CURCUMA LEUCORRHIZA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINES. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style, bicalcarate at the base ; filament in three sections, the central section antheriferous ; capsule three-celled ; seeds numerous, Spec. Cuar.—Spike lateral; plant intirely green; leaves broad-lanceolate, smooth on both sides; spikes few- flowered ; coma pale rose colour; outer limb of the corolla slightly tinged with purple; inner limb yellow. Syy.—Curcuma leucorrhiza. Roxb. Flor. Ind. i. 30. DESCRIPTION. Floral bulb ovate; palmate tubers long and straight, very pale yellow or white within; pendulous tubers numerous, far-spreading, of a pearly whiteness within; leaves broad-lanceolate, petiolate, smooth, uniformly green ; plant from 3 to 4 feet high; spike lateral, from 6 to 8 inches high ; fertile bractes green, concave, imbricate, terminating above in a pale rosy coma, each bracte containing four flowers rising in succession ; calyx superior, three-toothed ; corolla tubular, slender, exterior limb in three sections, ovate, the central one slightly mucronate, and hooded over the anther, the lateral ones acuminate, recurved, white, slightly tinged with purple; interior limb bilabiate; upper lip in three petal-like lobes, yellow, the middle one bearing the anther, the two lateral ones converging towards and protecting it; lower lip ovate, white, with a purplish tinge, bifid and yellow at the apex; anther bicalcarate at the base, embracing the style; style supported at the base by the two usual germinal processes; stigma a ciliated, compressed cup; germen ovate. OBSERVATIONS. A. native of the forests of Bahar. This plant, like several other of the species, is known by the name of Tikhur, or Tikor, under which name the roots were first sent to Calcutta from Bhagulpore, by Mr. John Glass, the Surgeon on that station, who observes, that “the plant is not cultivated, but grows in the jungles to the southward of that place.” The process, he says, for obtaining the starchy substance called Tikor, is as follows: “The root is dug up and rubbed on a stone, or beat in a mortar, and afterwards rubbed in water with the hand, and strained through a cloth; the fecula having subsided, the water is poured off, and the Tikor (fecula) dried for use.”—Flor. Ind. i. 30. Whole districts of the people in some parts of the East, are said to subsist chiefly on this nutritious and spontaneous food, which might, however, be readily ast, cultivated to any extent required. REFERENCES. 1. Upper lip of the corolla showing the filament and anther, with its spurs, style and stigma. . pp 2 2. Lower lip. i ior and interior limb. 3. Intire flower, showing the exterior a son Ate ee Gas LP OP?2 C06 CCPL CMM UL PHOE LL. CURCUMA AROMATICA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. hp a SECT. II. SCITAMINE®. Grn. Crar.—Anther double, embracing the style, bicalcarate at the base; fi the central segment bearing the anther; capsule three-celled; seeds numerous. Sprc. Cuar.—Spike lateral : plant intirely green; leaves downy, outer limb of the corolla white, colour. lament petal-like, in three segments, or sericeous underneath, subsessile, inzequilateral ; slightly tinged with rose-colour; inner limb yellow; coma rose- Syy.—C. Zedoaria. Roxburgh, in Asiat. Res. vol. xi. p. 333. Flor. Ind. vol. i. p. 23. C. Aromatica. Salisbury, Paradisus Londinensis, vol. ii. par. 1, fig. 96. C. Aromatica. Curt. Bot. Mag. 1546, DESCRIPTION. Root as usual in the genus, in three paris, viz. 1. Bulb producing the stem and leaves, 2. The thick, fleshy, fingered tubers surrounding the bulb, yellowish within, and containing a strong aromatic or medicinal quality. And, 3. The fibres or roots penetrating deeper into the ground, and generally terminating in large ovate or pear-shaped tubers, of a paler colour within, very slightly aromatic, and producing a fine farinaceous substance resembling arrow-root; stem rising from the central bulb, uniformly green; plant 3—4 feet high ; leaves broad- lanceolate, intire, intirely green, sericeous or downy on the under side, 1—2 feet long, 4—6 inches broad ; petioles short, sheathing the stem ; inflorescence radical, rising before, or at a distance from the leaves, consisting of a tufted spike, formed by a series of imbricated concave green bractes, the lower portion fertile, and each containing three or four flowers, expanding in succession ; the upper bractes sterile, foliaceous, spreading in a loose coma, of a light rose colour; calyx superior, membranous, irregularly three-toothed ; corolla with a double border or limb ; exterior limb in three segments of a pale pink colour, the two lateral ones equal, the third or upper one vaulted with a subulate Ss point; interior border in two segments, the upper segment or filament in three divisions, the middle one bearing > the anther, the lateral ones inclining towards, and forming, with the upper segment of the exterior limb, a veil or covering to it; lower lip larger, ovate, intire, with a yellow tinge along the middle; anther two-lobed, each lobe terminating in a short hornlet or spur ; style filiform, supported by two blunt germinal processes ; stigma, a compressed cup; germen inferior, hairy, three-celled ; capsule oval, three-celled ; seeds numerous, arilled. OBSERVATIONS. We are informed, by Dr. Roxburgh, (Flora Indica, vol. i. p. 23,) that this beautiful species is “a native not only of B ngal, and common in gardens about Calcutta, but is also a native of China, and various other parts of nly of Bengal, INA d the Asiatic Islands. Flowering time the hot season. It is not uncommon to find the beautiful large, sia an e . ‘ ab a f a single leaf is to be seen.” rosy-tufted spikes, rising from the earth before 2 This plant was first figured, named, and ascertained by Mr. Salisbury, in his Paradisus Londinensis, published in 1807, (vol. ii. p. 96,) where the true Zedouria of Father Kamel was also described ; notwithstanding which, Dr. Roxburgh thought proper to transfer the name of Zedoaria to the plant here figured, and to give to the true Zedoaria the name of Zerumbet, (vide Asiat. Res. vol. xi. p. 332. Flor. Ind. yol. i. p. 23,) by which name the latter has also been figured and published in Plants of Coromandel, (fig. 201.) This is the more remarkable, as Dr. Roxburgh informs us, that ‘ he gave some of the sliced and dried bulbous and palmate tuberous roots of the last-mentioned plant, (his Zerumbet,) to Sir Joseph Banks, which he gave to Dr. Comb, who found that it was the real Zedoaria of our Materia Medica; and by the same means ascertained that the root of Dr. Roxburgh’s Curcuma Zedoaria, (the plant here figured,) is the Zedoaria rotunda of the shops ;” which has, however, with more probability been considered as the root of the Kempferia rotunda, See Dr. Woodville’s Medical Botany, vol. ii. p. 361. also Dr. Fleming’s Catalogue of Indian Medicinal Plants and Drugs, in Asiat. Researches, vol. xi. p. 165, where we are informed, that “* from the roots of several species of the Curcuma that are found in Bengal, the natives prepare a farinaceous powder, which they call 7% ‘chur. It is in every respect similar to the powder prepared from the root of the Maranta Arundinacea, or Arrow-root, and is often sold for it in the Calcutta shops.” REFERENCES. 1. Calyx and corolla, shewing the outer and inner limb. 2. Corolla, with the lip depressed, to shew the filament, anther, style, and stigma. 3. Reverse view, the filament seen on the back. 4. The corolla opened by dividing the lip, shewing the germen, with its processes, style, and anther. 5. Calyx. re 7 oie BEE > CEC. CZ oe teenies Rm CURCUMA ELATA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINE®. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style, bicalcarate at the base; filament petal-like, in three segments, the middle segment antheriferous ; capsule three-celled ; seeds numerous. Srrc. Cuar.—Spike lateral; plant intirely green; leaves broad-ovate, sessile, downy underneath; exterior limb of corolla white ; lip ovate, bifid, yellow towards the apex; coma large, dark purple. Syy.—Curcuma elata. Rozxb. Flor. Ind. i. 25. DESCRIPTION. Bulbs and palmate tubers very large, the latter yellow within; pendulous tubers ovate, of a pearly white within ; stems 6—8 feet high; leaves appearing when the plant is in flower, broad-ovate, sessile, sheathing the stem, from two to three feet in length by one in breadth, downy or villous underneath; spike lateral, rising to the height of a foot; fertile bractes very large, imbricate, dark-green; barren bractes or coma white at the base, but deep purple above; inner bracte white, membranaceous, unequally bifid at the apex ; calyx white, in three obtuse segments ; corolla scarcely longer than the bractes; outer limb in three segments, white, with a slight tinge of pink; lip ovate, slightly elongated, and bifid at the apex, which is yellow; filament or upper lip of the interior limb of corolla in three segments, the middle segment bearing the anther, the lateral ones elliptic, converging towards the middle, white; anther double, bicalcarate at the base; style filiform, supported at the base by two long, slender, diverging germinal processes ; stigma a ciliated cup; germen ovate, villous. OBSERVATIONS. One of the largest species of the genus, a native of Burma, introduced by Dr. William Carey, into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, and sent from thence to Liverpool, where it has repeatedly flowered. Although very large, the palmate tubers possess a slighter aroma than most of the other species. I cannot agree with Dr. Roxburgh, that its external appearance resembles C. Zedoaria, the leaves of which are purple-clouded, and which scarcely attains to half its height. REFERENCES. _ . Root. 2. Calyx. 3. Inner bracte. 4. Intire flower. . Flower divested of the lip, shewing the anther, style and stigma in front. The same seen at the back. Germen and processes, style and stigma. . Style and anther. . Lip separated from the flower. ee = CURCUMA FERRUGINEA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINER. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style, bicalcarate at the base ; filament petal-like, in three segments, the central segment antheriferous ; capsule three-celled ;’ seeds numerous. Spec. Cuar.—Spike lateral; stem and leaves purple-clouded ; petioles green; leaves broad-lanceolate, equilateral, slightly clouded in the middle of the upper surface of the leaf ; outward limb of the corolla red. Curcuma ferruginea. Roab. Flora Indica, No. 7. vol i. p. 27. DESCRIPTION. Bulb large, ovate, with numerous pendulous tubers; stem or sheathing a deep ferruginous red; leaves broad- lanceolate, equilateral, green, except a slight purple cloud on each side the mid-rib on the upper side, and towards the middle of the leaf only ; petioles from 6—8 inches long, green and channelled ; spike six inches long, scape and bractes deep ferruginous red; fertile bractes greenish, tinged with red; coma a bright pink, or purple; calyx in three segments, acute; corolla longer than the bractes, large; outer limb in three segments, dark red, the two lateral segments equal, lanceolate, concave, converging, the central one rather larger, erect, mucronate, and villous at the apex, forming a hood over the anther and style; lip pentagonoid, bifid at the apex, yellow, with a deeper mark in the centre; filament trilobate, the central lobe bearing the anther, the lateral ones erect, elliptic, converging towards it, yellow; anther double, bicalcarate at the base; style slender, tubular, erect; stigma a ciliated, compressed cup; germen oblong-ovate, villous. OBSERVATIONS. The plant from which the present drawing was made, was presented by the late Lady Amelia Hume, to the Liverpool Botanic Garden, in 1807, and has since frequently flowered there. In all its characters it agrees with the C. ferruginea of Flor. Ind. No. 7. vol. i. p. 27, which we are there informed is a native of Bengal. The size of its flowers, and the purple colour of its stem and leaves, render it one of the most conspicuous of the genus. 2 REFERENCES. 1. Root. 2. Intire flower, exterior border erect. 3. Do. exterior border reflexed. 4, Do. deprived of the lip, to shew the bicalcarate anther, style, and stigma. 5. The lip, separated. 7 LELOT ALE > fj yf O tt Ctpat le CLL / ee ¢ CURCUMA AERUGINOSA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. et ae SECT. II. SCITAMINER. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style, bicalcarate at the base; filament petal-like, in three segments, middle segment bearing the anther. Spec. Cuar.—Spike lateral ; leaves bro ad lanceolate, with a purple cloud in the middle of the upper surface, not extending to the extremities; exterior limb of the corolla bright crimson ; interior limb yellow ; interior of the palmate bulbs an xruginous green colour. Syw.—Curcuma eruginosa. Rowh. As. Res. vol. xi. p. 335. Flor. Ind. vol. i. p- 27. DESCRIPTION. Flowering bulb ovate, with imbricated scales ; palmate tubers numerous, large, eruginous within ; pendulous tubers pearl colour within ; leaves broad-lanceolate, smooth on both sides, from 2 to 3 feet long, with sheathing petioles; spike lateral, from 8 to 12 inches in height, crowned with a bright rose-coloured coma ; fertile bractes large, imbricate, dark green; calyx white, three-toothed, tipt with purple; corolla scarcely longer than the bractes, tube short, outer limb in three Segments, crimson, upper segment fornicate, mucronate ; upper lip of the interior limb, or filament, in three sections, yellow, the lateral ones erect, converging, the middle one bearing the anther, which is double, and bicalearate at the base; lower lip obtusely three-lobed at the apex, yellow; style filiform, supported at the base by two subulate diverging processes ; germen villous ; capsule three-celled ; seeds numerous. OBSERVATIONS. This very stately species was introduced from Burma by the Rev. Dr. Carey, into Bengal, where it blossoms in May, immediately after which the leaves begin to appear. Roxb. It is distinguished from all the other species of Curcuma by the internal verdigrease-like colour of its palmate tubers. From its late introduction, its peculiar qualities have not yet been ascertained. The plant from which the present drawing was made, was sent by Dr. Carey to the Botanic Garden in Liverpool, where it rose to the height of six feet, and produced two fine spikes of flowers, in the month of April 1824. REFERENCES. . One of the pendulous roots. 2. Calyx. 3. Lower lip of interior limb of corolla. _ 4. Exterior limb of corolla. . The same expanded. . Interior limb seen in front. 5 6. 7. The same seen at the back. 8. Germen, with its processes, style and stigma. 9 The same, showing the position of the style and anther. (og CLL CURCUMA RUBESCENS. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINER. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style, bicalcarate at the base; filament petal-like, the middle segment antheriferous ; capsule three-celled, seeds numerous. Spec. Cuar.—Spike lateral ; 3; Stem and petioles purple-clouded ; leaves lanceolate ; only ; exterior limb of corolla red. in three segments, mid-rib clouded on the under side Syy.—Curcuma rubescens. Roxb. Flora. Ind. No. 8. vol. i. p. 28. DESCRIPTION. Bulbs conical, palmate tubers inwardly pearl-coloured, aromatic, bitter; pendulous tubers long, fusiform, insipid; stems formed by the sheathing of the leaves, dark red ; petioles long, channelled, red; leaves lanceolate, inzequilateral, mid-rib purple-clouded on the under side only; the whole plant 4—5 feet high; a tinge of red is diffused through the upper surface of the leaves; spike lateral, 5-6 inches long ; scape and bractes tinged with a ferruginous red; coma inclining to pink; bractes each containing three or four flowers ; calyx short, three-toothed, pink-colour, slightly villous ; outer limb of the corolla in three segments, deep red or purple, the lateral ones equal, lanceolate, ovate, the middle or upper rather larger, vaulted, somewhat mucronate, extending over the style and stigma ; interior limb formed by the upper lip or filament, in three sections, the central segment bearing the anther, the lateral ones converging over it, pale yellow ; lower lip broad, ovate, yellow, with two deeper streaks ; two-lobed, each lobe terminating at the base, in a long subulated spur, somewhat incurved anther ; stigma slender, supported at the base by two erect, simple, glandular processes, embraced by the anther, and terminating in a cup-shaped stigma. OBSERVATIONS. A splendid, although not a lofty species, easily distinguished from every other by the peculiarity of its colours, and yielding in its long pendulous tubers the fine farinaceous substance resembling arrow-root. In Travancore,” says Dr. Roxburgh, ‘‘ where some of the species abound, this flour, or starch, forms, I am told, a large part of the diet of the inhabitants.” Flor. Ind. vol. i. p. 29. The plant from which the drawing of the present figure was taken, is a native of Bengal, and was sent by Dr. William Carey to the Botanic Garden in Liverpool, where it flowered for the first time in England. Dr. Roxburgh, in his Description of Monandrian Plants, in Asiat. Trans. vol. xi. p. 318, mentions a singular fact not inserted in his Flor. Ind. viz. that this plant “ blossoms in May, and sometimes from the centre of its leaves, in September ;” a circumstance which demonstrates that a lateral or central inflorescence forms no certain specific distinction, although it may, in conjunction with other diversities, be employed for that purpose. This however is, as far as I know, the only recorded fact of the same species of Scitaminean Plant having flowered both from the root and from the centre of the leaves. Nor can we at present admit, that this compatability of a lateral and central inflorescence, will bear us out in concluding, that the case may be the same in a radical and terminal inflorescence, as observable in the species of Alpinia, Zingiber and Costus, in some of which the inflorescence has its peculiar scape, and : hes; at least they cannot be accounted for on the same i i i he summits of the branches ; in others is terminal at t grounds, as in the latter case the stems and leaves must rise prior to the flower; besides which it must be added, that in the former case the diversity consists merely in a change of position, that which is at some times solitary, at others sheathing itself in the centre of the leaves; whilst the latter seems to require an essential change of conformation ; to admit of which we must suppose the scape to be only a compressed or imperfect stem, which if it had expanded, would have formed a perfect foliated branch, bearing the inflorescence at its summit; but this would be extending our conjectures too far, and we must wait till more decisive facts enable us to make up our minds on this very curious subject. REFERENCES. 1. Calyx. 2. Complete flower, cut open and expanded to shew the exterior and interior limb of the corolla, the anther with its spurs, the style with its supporting processes and stigma, and the germen. DR geri ghee de | peste, Sality Pail Sieg ; ie elualiless 9c ae el { t 5 : Rwol edt oy TORN Sere Sani 2378S) ,008 am ath pe om Ps i eC HITE Ov ii eheledion Wine ab add Sago.” it meret seed bitow Babdegas be LO) AO paibnstze” ae he Heros odd %6 TIS urd ee riper acne LEED Ze. li liay Leté € CURCUMA LATIFOLIA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINER. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style, bicalcarate at the base ; filament petal-like, in three segments, the. central segment bearing the anther ; lip ovate; capsule three-celled. Sprc. Cuar.—Spike lateral; stem and petioles green; leaves broad-lanceolate, equilateral, pubescent beneath, a purple cloud down. the middle on the upper surface, which frequently appears also on the under side; outer limb of the corolla a pale, greenish yellow, or straw-colour ; lip yellow, with two or three brown. lines down the centre; coma pale crimson or pink. DESCRIPTION. Flowering bulb large, ovate ; palmate tubers very few, pale yellow within; pendulous tubers somewhat pear- shaped, and connected to the bulb by strong fibrous cords; stem and petioles green ; leaves broad-lanceolate, strongly nerved, 3—4 feet long, by 12-15 inches broad, smooth on the upper surface, sericeous or pubescent beneath, with a strong purple cloud the whole length of the leaf, reflected through to the under side ; petioles long and channeled, sheathing the stem at their base ; the whole plant from 8 to 12 feet high; spike radical, rising up before the leaves ; inflorescence 6—8 inches long; outer bractes broad, ovate, pointed, striated, green, attached to the rachis in such a manner as to form a small cistern, or cup, which is generally filled with pure water by distillation from the plant, and is probably essential to the growth of the flowers, which spring from the base of those reservoirs; inner bractes ovate, smooth, membranaceous, one to each flower; from 3 to 4 flowers in each fascicle ; coma large, bright pink or crimson; corolla ringent ; calyx tubular, inflated, three-toothed, embracing the tube of the corolla half its length, scattered with fine hairs; outer limb in three segments, two lateral segments equal, ovate, lanceolate, the upper or middle one rather longer, mucronate, vaulted over the organs of fructification, a small tuft of white hairs at the apex; inner limb or lip broad, ovate, slightly lobed, reflected, yellow, with a few brown lines down the centre; filament forming the upper lip, in three segments, the central one antheriferous, the lateral ones or wings petal-like, erect, converging; anther short, compressed, two-lobed, bicalcarate, embracing the style ; germen ovate, hairy, three-celled; style slender, tubular, supported by the germinal processes ; stigma cup-shaped, extending a little beyond the anther. OBSERVATIONS. This most stately species of Curcuma, now for the first time published, and to which we have given the name of latifolia, does not appear to be described among the seventeen species enumerated in the Flora Indica, nor in any other work with which we are acquainted. It was introduced into the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, under the name of C. comosa ; but differs so materially from that species in many important particulars, that it is impossible to reconcile them. Of these it may be sufficient to state, that in C. comosa the leaves are “ smooth and green in every os ae those that appear first in the season, which neve: a faint ferragipous cloud oo the centre of the upper surface beyond the middle,” ( Flor. Ind. vol. i. p. 30,) but in the latifolia the poke are sericeous beneath, and are marked the whole length of the leaf down the middle, with a deep purple cloud wBee eee through to the under side of the leaf, In the comosa the fertile bractes are described as of “ a beautiful pale pink, and the upper ones cf a deep lively rosy red;” but in the latifolia the lower or fertile bractes are green, and ine upper ones : A. still stronger distinction occurs in the exterior border of the corolla, which in the comosa is ink colour. : : d, but in the latifolia is a pale yellow or straw colour. In order to give their due weight to these remarks, red, but in the iversiti ater importance in it may be proper to observe, that the diversities-of colour seem to be more permanent, and of greater 1mp i i i = ~ . . . . . . . . umerous this genus, than in any other of the Scitaminean tribe, and to be indispensible in the discrimination of the n is to be found; an observation which leads us further to species, in the configuration of which so little variety P , d és A : rule it remark on the impropriety of confining our investigation of plants to any particular system or rule, and the necessity f nature has supplied us. of availing ourselves of every advantage with which the variety 0 prevent us also from considering Nearly the same discrepancies that subsist between the latifolia and comosa, the former as the same with the C. elata of the Flor. Ind. vol. i. p. 25. the | « sessile on their sheaths, and the whole of an uniform green ;” whilst those of the lati/o eaves of which are described as lia have long grooved petioles, and are clouded on both sides, as before mentioned. It may also be observed, that the latifolia grows, even ther the comosa or elata are said to grow in India; the former of which in this country, to a larger size than ei is “from 5 to 6 feet,” and the latter “6 feet high ;” whilst our plant rises from 8 to 12 feet high. This plant was sent by Dr. Carey from Serampore, to the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, where it flowered in May 1820, and where it still continues, by its rapid annual growth and magnificent foliage, to afford a fine specimen of East Indian vegetation. REFERENCES. . 1. Inner bracte. 2. Calyx. 3. Intire flower. 4. Corolla open, and seen in front, showing the filament and anther, style and stigma, with the germen and its processes. Or . The same seen at the back. 6. Lip. A Sh Ae Ao ge om ¥ BITBERg sai Bait aia), anitige olen. rigs : Conjure edt ot bag edit asouimetio® ath} to 4aitta “(ae : av. ohiiib om doitwy ga ii oitirslryitl jieoo te urgoritd UBIO NIST: te By Te i JEL re CURCUMA ZEDOARIA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINES. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style, bicalcarate at the base ; filament petal-like, in three segments, the central segment bearing the anther ; capsule three-celled ; seeds numerous. Srec. Cuar.—Spike lateral; stem and petioles green; leaves linear-lanceolate, inaequilateral, smooth on both sides, a purple cloud down the middle on the upper surface, a fainter cloud on each side the mid-rib below; outer limb of the corolla straw-colour ; lip ovate, emarginate, yellow towards the apex. Syy.—Rheede Hort. Mal. v. xi. p.17. tab. 7. Kua. Rumph. Amb. v. 5. tab. 68. Amomum. Zerumbet. Konig. in Retz. Obs. 3, 55. : Curcuma Zerumbet. Roab. in Asiat. Res. v. xi. 333, and Flor. Ind. 1, 20. Curcuma Zerumbet. Pl. Corom. No. 201.. Curcuma, Zedoaria. Bot. Mag. No. 1546.. DESCRIPTION. Bulb conical, striated; palmate tubers thick, fleshy, pale-yellow within ; radical tubers suspended by strong fibres, ovate or pear-shaped, white within, farinaceous, almost inodorous; stem rising from the radical bulb, intirely green, but paler towards the root ; plant four feet high; leaves linear-lanceolate, 1-2 feet long, intire, smooth on both sides, clouded with a purple streak down the middle on the upper surface, and a fainter streak on each side the mid-rib below; inflorescence radical, rising distinct from, and gencrally before the leaves; spike formed by a succession of broad ovate imbricated bractes, pale green tinged with red in the margin, each bearing several flowers which open in succession.; the upper bractes sterile, white, or pale straw colour, terminating in bright pink, and forming the coma of the plant; calyx superior, about one-third the length of the corclla, membranous, irregularly three-toothed ; corolla with a double border; outer limb in three pale straw-coloured segments, the middle segment the largest,, mucronate, hooded over the anther, the two lower segments equal, lanceolate, intire ; inner limb in two divisions,, the upper division or filament in three sections, the central one bearing the anther, the lateral ones converging and protecting it; lower division, or lip, broad-ovate, yellow, and slightly bifid at the apex; anther spurred, embracing the style, which rises between the germinal processes, and extends a little beyond the anther, terminating in a. compressed, ciliated,, cup-like stigma; germen downy; three-celled. OBSERVATIONS.. The species of Curcuma, as far as they were then known in England, have been well distinguished by Mr. Salisbury, in his Paradisus Londinensis, published in 1807. These were, 1. C. Longa, figured in Jacquin, Pre nr aabonenin es. The true Zedoary, accurately distinguished by Father Kamel, the leaves of which are smooth, with a large p urple cloud on their upper surface. 3. A plant with smooth leaves, the petioles of which Brearcrdntk purple (Cureuma Rubescens.) And, 4. The plant (figured by Salisbury,) with leaves intirely green, and ae Weneaiiwand which he named Aromatica. By a singular transposition, Dr. Roxburgh has, however, in his Description of Monandrous Plants, published in Asiat. Researches (vide vol. xi. 332,) given the name of Zedoaria to escripti the last-mentioned species, the Aromatica of Salisbury; and this has been repeated in Flora Indica, (vol. i. p. 233) at the same time he has described the true Zedoary, (the plant here figured,) under the name of Curcuma Zerumbet, by which name it is also figured and described in the Plants of the Coast of Coromandel, fig. 201. That some degree of doubt had existed respecting Dr. Roxburgh’s Curcuma Zedoaria, (the Aromatica of Salisbury, ) appears from Mr. Colebrooke’s comment upon it in Asiat. Researches, (vol. xi. p. 333,)- where he says, “ The Malabar and Malay names are given by Van Rheede and Rumphius for Zedoary ; and their descriptions are cited by Willdenow for this plant, but appear to suit better with the neat species of Curcuma,” (the true Zedoaria here figured, or Zerumbet of Roxburgh,) to which he adds, “ If the drug be not the true Zedoary, the synonime must be transferred to some other plant.” From what is here stated, it will appear that the doubts of Mr. Colebrooke were well founded. In the first place we must remark, that the name of Zerumbet, as applied to a Curcuma, has no existence, but as a synonime for Zedoaria, the Amomum Zerumbet of Linnzeus and Willdenow being a Zingther ; and that if it were to be adopted, the appellation of Zedoaria must be abolished altogether. Dr. Roxburgh has, however, not only given to the plant which produces the real drug called Zedoary, the name of another plant, but has transferred the name of Zedoaria to a plant which does not produce the drug—that is, from the plant described by Father Kamel, the leaves of which are smooth, with a large purple cloud on the surface, to a plant which is intirely green, with the leaves pubescent beneath ; and this is the more extraordinary, as in the description in Coromandel Plants, No. 201, it is stated, that “ the dried root of the plant there given as C. Zerumbet, agrees tolerably well with that called Zedoaria longa in Europe, but not with the drug there called Zerumbet.” Both these plants having now flowered in the Botanic Garden at Liverpool, we are enabled to clear up the difficulty ; which we propose to do, by excluding the specific name of Zerumbet, as applied to a Curcuma, (except as a synonime of some authors for Zedoaria,) and restoring the name of Aromatica to the plant of Salisbury, under which name it is accordingly figured in the present work. Dr. Woodville, in his Medical Botany, (vol. ii. p. 362,) informs us, that “ the roots of Zedoaria longa and rotunda, are both produced by the same species of plant, and are indiscriminately used in the shops,” and that “ on the authority of Linnzus, the Colleges of London and Edinburgh have referred the officinal Zedoary to Kempferia rotunda,” to which plant it is ascribed in Dr. Woodville’s work. How far the disuse into which this once favourite medicine has fallen, may be attributed to this mistake is uncertain; but that these plants are generically different, and that the true Zedoaria longa is the root of the plant here figured, are facts now ascertained 6 although it is not unlikely that the Zedoaria rotunda is produced by a Kzempferia. REFERENCES. 1. Calyx and corolla, the outer limb depressed. 2. Calyx and corolla, the outer limb erect. 3. Calyx and corolla without the lip, shewing the broad three-lobed filament, calcarate anther, style and stigma. 4. The lip detached from the corolla. ew!'t ae boson ae ent wilt bow; Ghent seit ats ( i, alt Hadie tidy ba wry not aT Srissley. Sc) drpolio’S. art ied aul 3 mt oa athe 13, tubs stuoids tery! BY, 8 sat ‘nse vial (ROO co) heel 00h itive’ Poe Orne ah wet se ee GLOBBA CAREYANA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINER. Gey. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style; filament long, flexile, with a membranous appendage at the apex. Srrc. Cuar.—Inflorescence terminal; flowers in fascicles; leaves ovate-lanceolate ;_ anther broad-ovate, slightly projected or winged at the margin ; lip bifid at both ends. Globba Careyana, Roxb. Flor. Ind. No. Opes Globba Careyana, Loddiges’ Bot. Cab. No. 691. DESCRIPTION. Root tuberous, spreading, fusiform; stems numerous, about two feet high, invested in the sheathing of the leaves, which are spotted with red; leaves sessile, alternate, bifarious, broad-lanceolate, finely acuminate, smooth on the upper surface, but villous underneath ; racemes terminal, erect, composed of alternate fascicles of about three flowers each, on short pedicels, the lowest of them producing a viviparous bulb, as is usual in the genus; general bractes one to each fascicle, with a smaller coloured one to each flower; calyx superior, campanulate, trifid, slightly hairy at the apex; corolla tubular, slightly villous; exterior limb in three nearly equal, ovate, segments, the two lateral ones reflexed, the central one incurved, and somewhat hooded ; the interior limb of three unequal segments, the two lateral ones longer than the exterior limb, declined, but recurved at the apex ; lip spatulate, bifid at both ends, and elevated on the filament above the other five segments of the corolla; the whole flower of a deep orange colour ; filament very long, grocved, incurved; anther broad-ovate, cordate, with a marginal appendice extending a little beyond it, but without any other distinguishing character; style filiform, embraced by the groove of the filament, but occasionally taking a nearer course, like a suspended thread; stigma funnel-shaped, ciliated; germen round, rugose, three-celled; seeds many. OBSERVATIONS. Dr. Wallich remarks, that “ the Globha racemosa of Sir J. E. Smith, Exot. Bot. tab. 117, seems to come very near to this species, and to G. orixensis,” Flor. Ind. vol. i. p. 78, in note. “ From Pegue this pretty little plant was introduced by Mr. F. Carey, into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where it flowers in August.” Roab. Flor. Ind. vol. i. p. 77. Living plants have been received at the Liverpool Botanic Garden, from both Dr. Wallich at Calcutta, and Dr. Carey at Serampore; from one of which the present figure was taken in August 1822. REFERENCES. 1. Intire flower. 2. Germen and processes, style and stigma. 3. Anther, and part of filament. 4, Bracte. GLOBBA MARANTINA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. mc cee se SECT. II. SCITAMINER. Gen. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style; filament long, flexile, with a membranous appendage at the apex. Spec. Cuar.—Inflorescence terminal; spike imbricate ; appendage of the filament bilunate, or 4-lobed; leaves broad-lanceolate, ineequilateral; bractes frequently producing viviparous bulbs. Syv.—Globba marantina. Lin. Mant. ii. 170. Willd. i. 153. Colebrookia bulbifera. Rowh. Don. Cat. Hort. Cant. Globba marantina. Smith, Evot. Bot. p. 85. fig. 103. DESCRIPTION. Roots tuberous, fusiform, spreading, stem 1-2 feet high; leaves alternate, broad-lanceolate-acute, sessile, smooth above and downy beneath ; spike terminal, erect; outer bractes alternate, laxly imbricated, one-flowered, broad-ovate, acute, ribbed, downy; inner bracte small, membranous, acute; flowers erect ;_ calyx tubular, three-cleft at the apex, yellow; corolla tubular, very long, with a double border or limb; outer limb in three equal acute lobes; interior limb of three unequal segments, two of them nearly resembling those of the outer limb; the third, or lip, larger than the rest, vertical, slightly cloven at the apex, and expanding below into two broad lobes; the whole flower of a bright orange colour, flaccid, and remaining only a few hours; filament very long, linear, grooved, embracing the style, which frequently escapes, and hangs in a loose thread; anther placed at the extremity of the filament, supported on an appendage resembling two crescents attached to each other at the back, and terminating in four acute points; style tubular, filiform, projecting a little beyond the anther; stigma a small ciliated cup. OBSERVATIONS. The name of Globba, adopted from Rumphius, has been indiscriminately applied to several plants of the Scitaminean tribe. Even Linnzus himself, whilst he adopted the name, and had undoubtedly seen the present species, mistook its character, and placed it in his class of Diandria. For the elucidation of this subject, we are indebted to Sir J. H. Smith, whose correction of this genus, which has perplexed several eminent botanists, is thus referred to by Dr. Roxburgh. “It is to Dr. Smith, who found the original specimen of Globba Marantina in the Linnean Herbarium, that we are obliged for detecting and correcting this error, in his description of the plant in his Exotic Botany. The same plant I had, till this discovery was made known, considered to belong to an undescribed genus, which I called Colebrookia, in honour of our President, whose knowledge of botany, and the benefit the science has derived from his help, justly entitle him to this distinction, which by all true botanists is considered the highest reward, and more lasting than onan a monument of marble or brass; and I also take this opportunity of thanking Dr. Smith for having (in consequence of his discovering that my Colebrookia bulbifera was Globba marantina of Linnzeus) transferred that name to another genus of ast Indian plants.” Roxb. Descrip. of Monandrous Plants, in As. Res. xi. 357. In consequence of these elucidations, the Hura Siamensium of Koenig, Retz. Obs. fas. 3. 40, a plant which has long employed the conjectures of botanical students, is found to be a species of this genus, nearly allied to Globba marantina; and the whole species of Globba are as accurately defined as any in the whole vegetable system. REFERENCES. . Intire flower, showing the germen, calyx, corolla, filament, anther and stigma. A viviparous bulb, frequently produced instead of a flower. Germen, with its processes, style and stigma. Filament detached, with its terminal appendages. Pepe WD ! Calyx. Inner bracte. Outer bracte. tte nctan GLOBBA SALTATORIA. MONANDRIA MONOGYNIA. SECT. II. SCITAMINER. Gry. Cuar.—Anther double, embracing the style ; filament long, flexile, with i h Spc. Cuar.—lInflorescence radical ; é I filament very long, slender; an appendice of two square-shaped lateral processes, one on each side the anther, and two long filif i i Syy.—Globba radicalis. Roxb. Pl. Cor. can Globba subulata. Roxb. Fl. Ind. vol i. p. 78. Globba purpurea. Andr. Bot. Rep. 615. Mantisia saltatoria, Opera-girls. Curt. Bot. Mag. 1320. DESCRIPTION. Root perennial, composed of numerous diverging fleshy fibres; stems annual, slender, two feet in height; leaves alternate, bifarious, sessile, narrow, linear, from six to nine inches long; villous on both sides, terminating in a withered filiform point; scape radical, panicle erect, about a foot high; flowers alternate, sessile ; bractes solitary, large, ovate, purple ; calyx superior, three-toothed, permanent; corolla tubular, long, slender; upper lip in three sections, one erect, the two others reflexed ; lower lip much larger than the divisions of the border, deeply bifid, flaccid ; filament very long and slender, finely grooved for the reception of the style, furnished near the base with two long subulate appendices, or wings; anther double, embracing the style, and expanding at the sides with two square-shaped lobes, or wings, which alone sufficiently mark this species; style long, very slender, frequently escaping from the grooved filament, and giving additional lightness to the singular appearance of the flower ; capsule globular, purple, size of a small cherry, six-ridged, one-celled, opening in three valves, spontaneously from the apex ; seeds numerous, small, oblong, villous. |The whole of the scape and flower, including the bractes, are of a beautiful light purple, or violet colour, excepting only the lip, which is of a bright yellow. OBSERVATIONS. « Found wild in the forests of Chittagong, by Mr. W. Roxsuren, and by him introduced into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta in 1801, where it blossoms in April, May, and June. There is a constant succession of flowers from the lengthening branches of the panicle, for nearly two months, which renders this lovely plant one of the most charming of the whole natural order that I have yet met with.”—Rowxburgh, Flor. Ind. vol. i. p. 78. It flowers in our stoves about the same period. In a few remarks on Dr. Roxburgh’s description of the Monandrous Plants of India, published in the Linnean Transactions, (vol. xi. p. 270,) I had expressed my assent to the separation of this plant from the genus Gopna, and to its constituting a new genus under the name of Manvista, as proposed by Dr. Sims, (in Bot. Mag. No. 1320,) chiefly on the ground there stated, of its radical inflorescence. Subsequent experience has, however, decidedly shown, by repeated instances, that the distinction between a radical and terminal inflorescence in Scitaminean plants, is merely specific, and must not be considered, in any degree, as contributing to ascertain the genus, which must depend on the parts of fructification only. We are d with Alpinias that flower immediately from the root, and Zingibers from the extremity of the now acquainte' stem: which are yet so clearly ascertained with respect to their genera, as to leave no doubt on the subject. In like ; ‘ we find the Globba in both its radical and terminal species; but cannot, on that account, comftitee Gham manner as different genera. The name of Mantisia was given t called Manrrs—that of Saltatoria from a fancied ned, in preference to the proposed name of Radicalis, which, in consequence of ») o this plant, from its being supposed to bear some resemblance to the insect likeness to opera girls dancing. To avoid more alteration than necessary, the latter has been reta the discovery of other radical species, would now lose its distinctive character. Me Globba Spathdata of Roxb. (Flor. Indien, vol.