VOYAGE.

To the Mands

Madera, Barbados, Nieves, S. Chriftophers |

AND

JAMAICA,

WITH THE

Natural Hittory

OF THE

Herbs and Trees, Four-footed Beasts, Fifoes,| |

Birds, Infeéts, Reptiles, &c.
Of the laft of thofe IS LANDS;

To which is prefix’d An

IINTRODUCTION,

Wherein is an Account of the

Iubabitants,Air Waters,Difeafes,Frade,&c |

of that Place, with fome Relations concerning the Neigh- .

bouring Continent, and Mlands of America.

: ILLUSTRATED WITH
The Ficures of the Things defcrib’d,
which have not been heretofore engraved ;
Bu large Copper-Plates as big asthe Life.

By HANS SLOANE, MD.

Fellow of the College of Phyficians and Secretary. [a

of the Rayal-Society.
Jn Two Volumes. Vol. I.

Many foal run to and fro, and Knowledge foall be increafed, Dan. xii. 4.
LON DON:

Printed by ®. M. for the Author, 1707.

Mo.Bot. Garden,
1902.

To Her Moft Excellent Majefty,
The QU EEN:

THIS
Patural Biftoxy of Jamaica,
| ON E OF

The Large# and moff Comfh der able

OF

Her Majeltys PLANTATIONS
A M ERI C A

Is with all Humility Dedicated,

BY

Her Majefty’s moft ducifal and
moft obedient Subject,

Hans Sloane.

TL Hoek

PREFACE.

T is now Eighteen Years fince I went Phyficic cian to the Duke
of Albemarle to Jamaica. I had from my Youth been very
much pleasd with the Study of Plants, and other Parts of
Nature, and had feen moft of thofe Kinds of Curiofiti ities, which

were to be found either in the Fields, or in the Gardens or Cabinets of
the Curious in thefe Parts. The Accounts of ‘thefe ftrange Things,
which I met with in Collections, and, was inform'd, ‘were common in
the Weft-Indies, were not fo fatisfactory as I defired. I was Young,
and could not be fo eafy, if Thad not the pleafure to fee what I bad
heard fo much of, efpecially fince it had been a great contentment to
me, to fee many things caltrvated in Englifh Gardens which I had feen
grow wild in other Countries, whereof I conceived my felf afterwards
to be better apprisd, than I was of fuch as I had not feen common in
the. Fields, and in plenty. _ I thought by that means the Ideas of. them
would be better imprinted in my Mind, and that, upon occafs on, both
the knowledge of them and their Ufes. might be afterwards more familiar
to me. ‘Thefé Inclinations remain'd with me fome time aftgr I bad
-— fettled'my felf to prattife Phyfic in London, and had had the Honour
to be admitted\a Fellow of the, College of Phyfici cians, aswell as of the
Royal Society... Thefe unmerited Favours did not at all alter my

mind; but rather incited me to do what I could to be no ufele/s Monber.

but-to ca/t in my Mite towards the Advancement of Natural Knowlege,
and the Faculty, of Ph hyfic, ic, and_by. that means endeavour to deferve a
Place amongft fo many Great. and Worthy Perfons : This Voyage feem d
likewife to promife.to be ufe ful to me, asa Phyfician ; many of the
Antient and. beft.. Phyficians haying travelld to the Places whence
their, Drugs were brought, to inform themfelves concerning them.

His Grace the Duke of Albemarle having obtaind I the fupreme

Command of the Ifland of Jamaica, “and other Parts of Englifh-
A America

“The PREFACE. |

America, where he fhould arrive, employ d Dr. Barwick, who was bis
Phyfician, to look out for one who could take care of Him and bis
Family in cafe of Sicknefs.; Dr Barwick fpake to me in this matter,
enquiring if any Phyfician of my Acquaintance would undertake it.
This. feem'd to me to be. Juch au Opportunity as I my self wanted,
to view the Placeg.and Things 1. defign'd, .and at the fame time to
profecyte the. Prattice of Phyfic; wherefore I defir'd he would give me
time to think of it, and after due confideration I refolv'd to go, provided
fome Preliminaries and Conditions were agreed to, which were all granted.
5 nth intended jh [oon as Ov board to have made fereral Experiments and
Objer vations ia the Voyage, byt was prevented bya very lang and tedious
SeaaSteknels,; yalels im fome particulars; of which Lbave given an Acconnt
in, the enfuing Voyage. Elis. Grace the Duke of Albemarl’s Conunn fior
and Tuftructions requiring he fhould mujfter all the Forces. of, the Englifh-
CaribecIflands, im bis way to Jamaica, made him ftop fome days af,maft

of thems, which gave, me an opportunity of {pending fome time in logking

2 \
~~ e

after the Curinpsties of thofe Places, why are taken Notice of in the
Voyage thither, I have left out moft of whatever is.velated by any: Author
Poa EL Sas Ut BATTS POIANA 20 ‘os nee , OF Sait
L bad perufed salels what they mention of the Ufes of Plants, or fuch

particulars wherein I thought, they, were miftaken. ,.. :

i; Yt

sia)
:

SS AS Ss oe eee ee ae al nada od ecditoee, bo a
Upon my Arrival in, Jamaica, f took whit pains I could’ a¢ Wife
Flours from the Bufine/s of my Profeffion, to fearch the feveral Places T
could think afforded Natural Produétions, and immediately defcribed them
‘in a Fournal, meafuring their feveral Parts by my Thumb, which, with
4 little allowance, I reckoned an Inch. “EF thought it needle/s. to be’ more
exaéE, becaufe’ the Leaves of Vegetables of the fame forts, Wings of
‘Birds, &c. do vary more from one, another, | than that does from the exact
‘alr fon Teh Ca, nin th int Wr Bd We
| feribe: There are fo many Varieties of them, that they require new Naihes
to expres them. I obferved in defcribing of them, that the Leaves of moft,
if not all, Plants are Greenelt ‘on their uppermoft fides, ‘or that eXpofed to
the Sun-Beams; and Lighter and more Whitifh undericath. This is vine
only fo inJ amaica, but in all places where I have Been; when the Leaves
or Tops of Plants have not been expofed to the Light “anid Suns ‘they are
not only whiter, but tenderer, and often digeftible by our Stomachs, ‘This
appears by the Tops of the Palm [in Jamaica and the Weft-Indies ]
qi REMAYY oct Dungy

The, PREGA CE |

sal d, Cabbage-Tes th Pete Spreut, \Top;: Bui. OK snexpanded
tops of the Cotaeahi, or 1 Dia Péln af. the aie. his are
wade: Brooms) are. likewife eaten in, Spain and. Icaly....'Thus Hops,
White-Briony» Smilax: afpera, | Sparagus, .jujt Sprouting, ComtMgi
Cabbage naturally, Seleri,): ‘Lettuce, ,Fennel, Chardons and feveral
Fterbs, are venderd White. and tender by only being, coverd with Earth
from the Sun and Laght.: \ I have, feen a common Bramble whofe Twigs
accidentally, grew through thy chink:of ¢-Window into a dark Room, which,

becayfe: mat expafed tothe Light: or Sun, were white and.tender. .’Tis not
only. {a,,45:f believe, in Gregus, butvalfa in other Colours which are heightned
by the, Suns fan the great variety. of Colours vobfery’ din Eutips, at; fay?
[prouting. out. re, all whitifh,, then greenifh, jand ahen the Syn and Light
has farther: atted 1 upon them, ‘they arrive at. that variety we obferve i in shen

with pileafure.. The. I take notice af, hecauferthe fame-Plants I defcribe,

may have in European Gardens different Colours, from. what they. are

mn. their native Soil, and 4 warmer Sune ey

After U had gather’d and difribid the Plants, I dried as fair Samples of
oe | could, to, bring. over with me. When I met with Fry itscthat
ny not be dried or kept, I -onploy d the. Reverend } Mr. Moore, one of
the beft Defigners I could meet with. there, ‘to take the Figures of them, 4s
alfo of the Fi ifhes, Birds, Infetts, &e. in Crayons, and carried bim with
“me into feveral places of the Country, that b he might take them on the place.
When r return i intp Englands, I brought with me about Boo Slants,
moft whereof were Ne iD) "pith t the Defigns befare-mention 4, Se. And
| foe d them very freely to all lovers. of fuch Cayriofiti ties: I gave Hy. very
particular and intimate Friend ‘Mr. Courten whatever 1 I brought with mes
‘that. he wanted i in ‘his extraordinary Mufeum. . Angig other Perfons
‘who aw them, was Sir Arthur Rawdon, who obferving the great pariety
; of Plants F had brought with me, fent over Mr. James. Harlow, a Gar-
“dener, (who had formerly gone, to Virginia for Mr. Watts) to bring the
: Plants themfelves alive to him, for bis Garden at Moyra in Ireland.
| This. Mr. Harlow perform’ d, and there they grew and came many of them
to i cine Eien not ye EUs over with, him a se mr

4's"

a onceamean oe —

——

The PREFACE.

things I had not obferv'd, and feen others in different Seafons from me,
I wrote to Sir Arthur Rawdon and ‘my very learned Friend Dr. William.
Sherard, who then was with him, to defire the favour of them, that in
order to the perfecting my Account of Jamaica, I might have a fight of
what of that kind he brought over with bim. This Sir Arthur Rawdon
and Dr. Sherard not only granted, but alfo made me a Prefent of uch
Samples as had been brought over which I wanted. The Reader will find
thefe taken notice of, in feeral Places of this Hiftory. After I had
perufed them, they were, together with abundance of other rare Plants, by
> Sheraiel $ Direétion fent to-Oxford, where Mr. Jacob Bobatt has
made very good uife of them in the Hiftory of Plants he lately publifr'd
there; and left there might from dry Samples, come any Confufion in Na-
sand Hiftory, Dr. Sherard afterwards at my Requeft gave me the View
of fuch Plants as Mr. Bobart had defcrib’'d, which has enabled me to put
the Synonymous Names of the aforefaid Hiftory of Plants, publifh'd by
Mr. Bobart, which the Reader will likewife find taken notice of in their
due places. Thefe were not the-only Favours I had of Dr. Sherard; for be
ae me with many Jearce pone! he bight in bis Ti repels beyond Sea.

"Many Perfons were defi rous I Prod publifh a an “Account of what I-met
with towards the for warding Natural Fi iftory, I confented to this , provided
the Obfervations I had made, fhould be thought worthy of Publication.
I thought the greateft Fudge I could advife with, in thefe Circumftances,
was Mr. Ray, who for his Probity, Learning, Language, &c. feem’d to
me the propereft to advife with: I therefore waited on him, fhew'd him
“fome of the Plants, and tranfmitted to him my Obfervations on them. _I
defwred. him to correét them and add his Emendations. He was pleafed
‘to approve of them, and think much better of them than I my Jelf did, or
7 do's ; fo that the Emendations I expeéted, are wanting. I am afraid. his
Senin and favourable Opinion of me, may be the caufe 5. for I am. fen-
fible there are herem a great many faults, not only in Hypothefes or
Opinions, which I propofe only as Conjeétures, and hall cafily part with,
bid there are lihewife many imperfeétions i in the Language, and in the 0b-
fervations themfelves, which: were generally written in hafte, and by me,
who know too well how unduly qualified I am for fuch au Undertaking.
However, fuch as they were, when I was refolvd to. _publifh them, I
thought st neceffar ry to look int the Books in Jeveral Languayes,. which
treated of thofe Subjetts either defs ignedly or accidentally, Some Men

Seem

St RR SRN Re Ne

The PREFACE.

“pem to have a great deftre to be the firft Authors of difcovering fuch or
_fuch Plants, and to have them carry their Names at the furft Place, but
I endeavour'd rather to find if any thing I bad obferv'd was taken No-
tice of by other Perfons; I therefore lookd into moft Books of this Nature,
and the greateft part of what I found, is publifh'd in the Catalogue of
Jamaica Plants I printed about ten Years fince, wherein I endeavour'd to
do right to the firft Authors and the Publick; It is a Catalogue of the
Plants I met with at Jamaica, ¢xc. Which I think, for Synonymous Names
‘of the Plants therein mentioned, is fomewhat more Copious and exatt than
any other before it: And which may be of fome Ufe to inquifitive Perfons,
efpecially when they fhall have this Hiftory of the things therein contain'd,
I have not reprinted in this Book thofe Names or Titles, becaufe ‘twas
great Labour, and 1s done there already, but have only added the Syno-
nymous Names I found in fuch Books as are fince Publifhd or come to
my Edands. The looking after the Obfervations of Others, to make this
more Exa€t and Useful, bas given an Opportinity to feveral People to ane
ticipate me, by either Publifhing Juch Things as I have fhewn them, told
them, or eee, to Mr. Courten, from whom they bad thems
wherein they have committed fome Miftakes, for want of full Information

or exaét Memory.

T have been fometimes fhort, in giving the UJes of thefe Plants, but
I hope I may be underftood, and the Author whofe Name is fet down
( Abbreviated, ) may on any Gnbignoas or p Objcowe Paffage be confulted,
for thofe Notes were written to-bri what they faid, to be
perufed at leifure, and modell d after, which I have never yet had time
to do. The principal Defign of them was, that the Inhabitants of thofe
Places, might underftand what Ufes the Plants they have growing Sponte
or in Gardens with them, are put to in any of the Countries wherever they
grow, that fo they may have recourfe to them in Cafes that require sboha
It is very hard to carry thither fuch European Simples as. are proper for
the Cure of all forts of Difeafes, and People are put to it to find fuch as
are effettual in fome of them, and yet will keep their Vertues.\ This puxzl'd
me feveral times, as may be'feen in the following Medical Obfervations.

The firft Volume contains an Introduction, giving an Account of the
Situation, ‘Temperature, Difeafes, &c. of the Ifland, which feem’d neceffary
to be premisd to the Hiftory itfelf. After this, follows the Voyage thither,

| B and

The PREFACE.

and then the Hiftory of the Plants that grow there, ia.which I have fol-
lowed moftly the, Method of Mr. Ray in bis Hiftory of Plants, joining
his Genera or Tribes together by the Method of Rivinus, or Number of
the Petala or Leaves of the Flowers ; As thofe which are Monopetalous
frrft, thofe Diperalous next, then the Tripetalous, ‘Tetrapetalous,
Pentapetalous, Hexapetalous, and Juch as\haye no exatt Numbers of
Coloured Leaves in their Flowers. When this Hiftory was begun, and
near finifhed, I wanted many confiderable helps, the Method of the great
Botanift Dr. Tournefort was not printed, much lefs the Book of new
Kinds-of Weft-India Plants, lately publifh'd by Mon/. Plumier, who,
_—_fince my Return from the Weft-Indies,, went into the Caribe-Iflands,
and there obfery'd and defign’'d-himfelf many of the Plants very accue
rately. He bas engray d them himfelf, and printed a Book, which con-
fifts chiefly of Ferns ; And bas fav'd me a great deal of Trouble, finding
his Figures fo Good, that I did not judge it neceffary the fame Plants
foould be engraven again, but be only referr’d to, in my Fiiftory. |

In the Second are contained the Trees, the Quadrupeds, Birds,
Fifhes, Teftaceous and Cruftaceous Animals, and Infeets, &c.

It may be askd me to what Purpofes ferve fuch Accounts, I anfwer,
that the Knowlege of Natutal-Hiftory, being Obfervation of Matters of
Fat, is more certain than imoft Others, and in my flender Opmton, lefs
Jubje to Miftakes than Reafonings, Hypothefes, and Deductions
are; And on this Occafion I have heard it reported of Gabriel Naude,
That be ufed.to Jay he acqniefc:d in the Ecclefiaftical Aiiftory, Doubted
the Civil, and Believ'd the Natural. Thefe are things we are fure of>
fo far as our Senfes are not fallible, and which, in probability, bave been
ever fince the Creation, and will remain to. the End of the World, im
the fame Condition we now. find them: They afford great Matter of
Admiring the Power,Wifdom and Providence of Almighty God, in Creating,
and Preferving the things he has created. ‘There appears. fo much Con-
trivance, in the variety of ‘Beings, preferwd from the beginning of the
World, that the more any Man fearches, the more he will admire ; And
conclude them, very ignorant in the Fi ifory of Nature, who J they were
the Produttions of Chance,

“Another

AM a SF NORRIE cA PERE RS ete. TH

Ee ea

The PREFACE,

Another Ufe of this Hiftory may be, to teach the Inhabitants of the —
Parts where thefe Plants grow, their feveral Ufes, which I have endea-
vour'd to do, by the beft Informations I could get from Books, and the
Inhabitants, either Europeans, Indians or Blacks. Jamaica had been.
before it was taken by the Englifh, in the poffefion of the Spaniards,
almoft from the time the Welt-Indies were difcover'd : They had brought
_ many Fruit-Trees from the Main-Continent, where they are Mafters,
and fuffer no other Europeans to come ; which throve wonderfully, and
now grow as it were Sponte : Thefe they made ufe of for Food, Phy-
fic, 8cc. And were forc'd to leave with their Habitations, to the Englith,
and the Skill of Ufing them remain'd with the Blacks and Indians,
many of whom came, upon a Proclamation that they fhould be Free,
fubmitted peaceably, and liv’'d with the Englifh after the Spaniards
had deferted it. ‘There were among thefe, feveral which made fmall
Plantations of their own, wherein they took care to preferve and pro-
pagate fuch Vegetables as grew in their own Cointries, to ufe them as
they faw occafion : 1 made fearch after thefe, and what I found, is rea
lated in this Hiftory. Befides thefe Helps, fome of the Dutch who had
liv'd in Brafil, came hither, and others of the Dutch and Englifh from
Surinam,where they had obferwd the Effetts of fome Plants they met with
in Jamaica, and ufed them for the fame Purpofes they had done in Brafi}
and Surinam, towards the Relief of the Inhabitants. For this Reafon
she Reader will find herein, many of the Vertues of Plants to agree with
the Obfervations of Aitthors, wring of other Parts of the se agai

There is another Ufe to be , made of this Book, which is this; In read-
ing Voyages, and talking with Travellers to the nee ere. one
fhall meet with Words, and Names of Things, one has no Notion or Con-
ception of : by looking for fuch Names inthe Index of the Catalogue of Ja-
maica Plants, you are referr d to the Page where you find a Lift of fuch
as have treated of it; And in this Hiftory under the firft Title of it in the
catalogue, is the Hi ‘pry of it. If on the other hand, any Perfon defires to
know who bas written of fuch or fuch a Plant in Jamaica, let him look into
the Catalogue, and under the firft Title of the Plant, he will find Cita-
tions to direét him to the Pages of moft of the Books where it is-

fpoken of \
Another |

The PREFACE.

Another Advantage, the Knowlege of what is produced there naturally
brings, is a Confideration of the Caufes of fome very firange, but certain,
Matters of Fatt. It has puzrl'd the Philofophers of all Ages, to give
an Account how Parts of Vegetables and Animals, Real Sea-Shells ang
Subjtances fhould be found remote from the Seas, wherein they feem to
have been produced and bred. ‘This Phenomenon will appear ftranger,
when it is made out, that many of the Subftances, as for inftance, Co-
rals, Echini marini, the Palats and Tongues of Fifhes hereafter de-
Icribed, and which now live and breed in the Seas adjoining to Jamaica,
and no nearer than fome few Degrees on this fide, are found in as great
plenty in the Inland Parts of England imbedded in the Earth, Clay,
Sand, Chalk, or Stone, as if it had once been the natural Place of their
Produétion and Increafe. This I was very much furpris'd to find.

Thefe matters of Faét being certainly laid down, may perhaps afford
fome Hints for the more clear Reafonings and Deduétions of better
Heads ; And I know not but that the feveral Species of new Ferns, and
fome Plants by me found there, and here defcrib'd and figur'd, may be
— difcover'd upon fome of the Stones or Slates called Werk, which lie in
plenty in the Strata over the Cole-pits in many Places of England.
Thefe Plants and their Impreffions are of feveral Kinds, and many of
them are not to be reduced to the Ferns or Plants, found in England
or the adjoining Countries. His Grace the Duke of Beaufort has done
me the honour to give me fome of thefe Slates he had in Glocefterfhire;
Dr. Richardfon from Yorkfhire has communicated feveral of them to
me ; as bas alfo Mr. Beaumont from Somesfetthire...

Upon the firft Difcovery of the Weft-Indies, feveral People went thither

on the Account of obferving its Natural Produétions. The firft that I

read of is one Codrus an Italian, who went from Spain for that pure

pofe. The Difcoveries he made were but few, or not communicated to

the World : ‘The only Account we have of him, is in Peter Martyr’s

Decads, wherein that Elegant Writer acquaints the Pope, what News
they then bad in Spain, from the Weft-Indies. Hernandez was fent

-by the King of Spain, to fearch after Natural Produétions about Me-
xico 5 He defign’d and defcrib'd many of the things he met with, at the

Expence of 60000 Ducats ; his Papers were put into the hands of Nardus

Antonius

Th. PREFACE,

rere Recetnis, pa whofe Manufcripts they were by the Lynée
Publifhd at Rome, Anno 1649. They were chang'd from their
firf order, as appears by the Spanifh-Copy, Printed at Mexico ; and
‘tis pity that they were alter'd, and are fo fhort and abfetire : Meee
with many of the Plants he defcribes in Jamaica, I had a Zreat mind to
‘be fatisfied about them, and being told that the Original Draughts were
in the King of Spain’s Library, in the Efcurial near Madrid, I wrote
to Mr. Aglionby when he was Envoy from the late King William to
the Court of Spain, to procure a Sight of that Work, and give me an
Account of it. He was fo obliging as to take the Pains to go thither,
and was told that the Book was there, and that he fhould fome time or
other fee it ; which, tho he endeavour'd feveral Times, yet he could never
effect. Neither had other curious ‘Travellers, better Fortune ‘ for when
they had heard of this Book, and (knowing of what importance it would be
to fee thefe Originals) did endeavour to procure a Sight of them, the Li-
brary-Keepers were fo ignorant, to produce to them, fome other Book, rio
ways to the Purpofe. Upon the whole matter, I dm apt to think the
Originals were carried to Rome, where the Hiftory was Publifhd, and
that they remain’d there with Recchus his Nephew; where, If my Me
mory fail me not, Fabius Columna fays he faw them, lind that they
are either to be found there, or at Naples, where Coltitnds liv'd, that
wrote Notes on them, or that they are loft. However, it went with the
Sande, from which that at Rome was publifh'd ; there was

a Gopy printed at Mexico in Spanifh, in-the-Year vOT5.” Francifco
Ximenes, one who attended the Sick of the Hofpital in that Gty, pub-

lifh'd it then, with Emendations, Notes, and the Additional Obfervaz
tions he had made of feveral Simples he bad found in Efpaniola, or
Sto. Domingo, and other I/lands of the Weft-Indies. John de Laet
mentions this Book in Latin, and’ from bim Vander Linden, in bis..
Book de Scriptis Medicis has, I fuppofe, taken its Title bat I verily
believe it was never printed in any other Language than Spanifh. J ohn 2
de Laet takes many things out of bim, and puts them very often in \a
wrong Place, as additional to the Obfervations of Marcgsrave in Brafile,
in the Edition of that Author, publifh ‘d. by bim in 1648. But that Fault
may beeajily pardon 'd, ‘in one who was no more than a Collettor and Editor

i Books wherein be did not pais to any tay Roe

i yy * . P Ay we + . ‘ ; F ’ + .. - 43 ai ‘ uate ; 2 4 ‘ ( ‘ tt if ; $ The
b Wa pHNos

The Pp RE FAC EB

A,

The ‘arf Z have feen among the eh, oe rs any. Newiie 0
fervations 4 in the cht Indies, to Purpofe, was John de Lery;: aye
went to Bralile, which Voyage he wrote, and gives a good and plea; anit
Account of many Things he met with. ‘The next was Andre Thever,
who publifh'd an Account of Brafile, under the Name of France An-
tartique; he went the Jame Voyage, I think, the Year after. de Lery,
and writes of the fame things, in fuch a manner, that one would be apt
‘to [ufpect he bad | feen Lery’s Papers. The next upon,this Argument,
was Jaques, Bouton, who, wrote of ; the Tfland Mattinico, which mas
the firft fettl dof any of ¢ the French Tflands. His Accounts.are but very
Short; however, from him. the other French.Writers, I.think, took many
of their Names of Natural things. J..B. du Tertre wrote of the
Caribe-I/lands, . His Work, was pretty Large and Ufefulj..and was cone
taind at firft in one Volume, printed in in\165.4, im 4to.and afterwards
came out in 3 Vol. in 1667-71. There are therein, many Remarks
and Obfervations..upon the French-Jflands, and for. Natural, Fi iff ory,
many things are figured, which, tho, not-very accurately, yet are ekMer
than thofe of any, before him, "Monf. Rochefort printed.a. Bool of the
Caribes, after du Tertre's . he Jeems to me to have taken many things
From the firft Edition of du Tertre,.and to, “agree ‘with hime in noft
things; : The Figures he gives, 1 fuppofe were not drawn upon the Place,
but by Memory, and are, for that Reafon,uot to be regarded, Tbis
Book is printed m Englifh, in Folio, under the Title of the Hi ifloy
se the. Caste seintaicleene ae ee

este

“r

A L. t

9 " doveditg te a Divifin 7 the. Nevsdilenerd World, =? ts
Spaniards and Portuguéley/the, Ig poffe/sd chem/elves- of Bralles
dmong/t others of that “Nation, who\went thither, was one, Jupposdste
be. a Jeluit of Elvas, whofe. Name, is ghoftd to’ bp ‘Er..Manoel,\ aebp
had the care, of the Sick of, the College. of, Baya, made, Obferyations: of
that Country, and wrote them: in a. Book in the Portuguelé Languace!:
This, Book, was.taken by Mr. Gook of Dartmouth, .tranflated ..and
publifh'd by Purchas, p.189. Rilgraparti as. Tho this mis in it/elf
4 very fhort Relation, .and tittle. more, thin the, Names, of things, .yet fable
ing into the lands of the. Dutch, \ Ay, being taken\ Notice of by de, bake
in bis America, (who bad it out of Purchas’s Colleétions ») it gave them
Oetafion to enquire after many things therein mention d; when they had

conquer d

The: PREFACE.

_ enn mr a ape

fee

oe.

ees -

conquer d the or or Paes ae re Piff oe was a Plyfic clan, and }

Marcgrave an Induftrious Scholar, going out of Holland thither, were
“very curious, and took great care to obferve' what they thought worth
Notice, and bad Maregrave liv'd to have _publifh'd bis own Obferva-
tions, that Work would have been much more confi iderable s but his Pa-
pers falling into'the Hails, fof? of John de: Lact, who, ahah a Learned
Man, yet was ignorant of Natural’ Hiftory ; arid then op Pifo, who, thi
he was a Practical Phyfician, ‘yet had no great Knowlege of Natural
things ; are not. fo much to be depended on’ as ont could wifh : The Figures
and Defcriptions are: tranfpos’ d, as I have found by examination, and the
firft Edition’ 1s preferable to the Second, wherein Pifo hath taken to much
Liberty of af HOR the Vertues ‘of European Flerbs: to thofe of the fame
Tribé\in Brafile. © ’Tis very evident the Vertues of all Plarits ts of the fame
Tribe,‘are not always found to covre[pond 3 ‘we need go no ‘farther’ than
this Fit/tory, wherein the Spanifh. Patata eaten ‘conmmiinhy in’ ‘i amaica,
i#'a true Convolvulus, the moft part of which Family purge ; the Calla.
da, of the Root of which Bread is made, is a true Ricinus, the Tribe
sg anit generally Speaking, vomit and purge iy b gre eat Violence, &e.
hs may be abjebted that” tis to no iru to an) in ite Parts of the
World: ‘to look’ after Juch Herbs, “8c. Becaufe ie neve ie them, z% ai
fiver, “that's many of them aiid their Jeveral § Parts have been brought over,
and are ufed-in Medicines ‘every day, and mare may, 10 the great Ad
vantage of Phyficians and Patients, were ‘People’ ing “ifitivi gh to
100k after them: ‘The Plantsrbomfelye ve been likewié Bought over,
planted, and throve very well at Moyra,. int Treland; ‘by the Direétis;,
of Sir Arthur Rawdon ; 4s alfo by the Order ‘of i) se be Reveren
Dr. Henry” Cotnpton, Biff ‘of 1 Londoh,” ‘at ‘Fulhasi iis. 2 Chetfés
by: Mr. Doudy 5° and Enfield db) ‘the ‘Reverend Dr. Kobtrt Uvediles
and «in the’ Botanic Gardens” of: Amfterdam, Leyden, Leiplick,
Upfal). ec. ‘bie ‘epecially at ‘Badminton i in Clocelter-fhite, whore
they ave not only -ritis’d [ome few handfuls bigh, ‘but come’ to Perfection,
flower and produce their ripe Fruits, even to’ my Admiration and that,
by the Direétion of her Grace the Duchefs of Tee who at her
leifure Hours, from her more ferious Affairs, has taken pleafure to come
mand thevraifing of Plants in her Garden, where, by means of Stoves and
Infirmartes, many of them have come to greater Pick sien than in any
Part of Europe,

It

The PREFACE

It may be objefted, that there is no end of fuch Difcoveries, that
every Country, and diftant Clonate, has different Plants, not to be found
inEngland. I anfwer it is not fo, for tho England be very remote, both
in Longitude and Latitude, from Jamaica, yet I found there many Plants,
which grow Sponte, which alfo I found to grow wild in England, and
more I obfery'd to be common to that Place, and the South Parts of France.
By Colleétions fent to the very Induftrious and Skilful Botanift Mr. Petiver,
others, and my-felf, from Spain, Portugal, Barbary, Guinea, and
the Eaft-Indies, as well as.by the Hortus Malabaricus, I find a great
many Plants common to Spain, Portugal and Jamaica, more ‘common
to Jamaica and the Eaft-Indies, and moft of all common to Jamaica
and Guinea ; fo that the following Hiftory may reafonably be fuppos'd,
not only to defcribe moft of the Natural Produétions of Ef{paniola, Bar=
bados and the other bot American Ifles, but alfo. many of thofe of
Guinea and the Eaft-Indies, and therefore may be thought to contribute

_to the more diftintt Knowlege of all thofe Parts.

I have been fo converfant in Matters of this nature for feveral Years,
that I know tis impoffible to efcape the. Cenfure of feverab forts of Men,
as the Envious and Malitious, who will, Iam fure, fpare no Pains-to
find Faults, thofe who ftrive to make ridiculous any thing of this kind,
and think themfelves great Wits, but are very Ignorant, and under ftand
nothing of the Argument. Thefe, if one were afraid of them, and con-
fulted his own Eafe, might pofibly hinder the Publication of any fuch
Work, the Efforts to be expetted-from them; making pofibly fome ime
prefiion upon Perfons of equal Difpofitions 5 but confidering: that LE have
the | Approbation of Others, whofe Judgement, Knowlege, “8c. I have
great reafon to value, And confidering that thefe forts of Men, have
been in all Ages ready to do the like, not only to ordinary Perfons, and
their Equals, but even to abufe their Princes, and blafpheme their Maker;
I fhall, as I have, ever fince I ferioufly confider'd this Matter, think, of,
and treat them with the greateft Contempt.

; j
tele wane a, wee 2.

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i

» *

ree

THE

INTRODUCTION.

“HE firlt Difcovery of the Weft-Indies, to me feems to
have been accidental, as has happen’d in moft other
great Difcoveries. Chriftopher Columbus, firlt folicited
. the King of Portugal ro fet him out; but that Prince
being wearied with the Difcoveries, and little Advantage of Guinea,
would not meddle in it. Chriffopher then fent his Brother Bartho-
lomew into England, on the fame Errand, in the Year 1488. Ihave
made as good a fearch as I could, after a Map which was made at
London, by this Bartholomew Columbus, whereby he would have induc'd
King Henry VII, to have been the fitter of him out, buc I could not
hear of it, neither at the Royal Library at. St. James's, nor any
where elfe. This Map, and this Propofal were not regarded, and
“tis a common Tradition, that inftead of difcovering the Weit- Indies,
there wasbought at Antwerp, a Suit of fine Tapiftry Hangings, wich
Money that had been fet apart, and thought fufhicient for that purpole,
Thefe Hangings are now faid to remain at Hampton Court, This
Map, which feems to me to have been made from the Letters of Col. cap. 8.

Paolo Fifico of Florence, in.1 : | -Chare of the
Parts of the World then known ; wherein thofe to the Weft were
Ireland, the Azores, Cape Verd, andthe Coaft of Guinea. It-had to
the Eaft, the Parts of China, then lately difcover’d, which they then
_ thought were fifteen Hours Eaft of Portugal, and they were ftill
of Opinion, that they had not reach’d the extreme Parts of the Ea/?-
Indies or Gipango, call'd Japan, where, Report had told them, were
great Riches. ‘Therefore, there being, as they thought, only about
one third of the way to Cataio and China, if they went by the Welt,
they concluded the beft and neareft way to take that Courle. On this
miftaken Foundation, (China, by later Difcoveries, being only about
eight Hours Eaft) and fome probabilities from fome Artiftal and Na-
tural things, driven on Shore by the Winds and Currents on the Azores
and Porto Santo, which came to the Knowledge of Columbus, (who
had been wreck’d at Lisbon, and was married to the Widow of one

(a) Pereftrello,

rT The Introduction.

PereStrello, who was the Difcoverer of Madera and Porto Santo) he
projected going to the farther Part of the Eaft-Indies, not yet dif-
cover'd ; where common Fame, and the aflurance of People
com: fram thence, cold them, were Houles covered wich Gold,
(in fommy parts fome of them at this Day are gilded) Spices and
other very rich Commodities in great plenty. He was opposd
in this Project by learned Men, and with Difficulty was at laft be-
liew’d by Ifabella, then Queen to Ferdinand King of Spain, who be-
ing influenced by her Confeflor, Luigi di S. Angelo, in favour of this

* Mariana, Project, pawn'd her Jewels to equip Columbus, who * by this means.

gee ee got feventeen thouland Ducats. He fetout Augu/t 1492. and went
through many Difafters, endured much Pain, Watching and perpe-
tual Labour. He by thefe means, kept his Men from Mutinies, and
at length difcover’d fome Birds, afterward fome Land-herbs and Fruits
the Sea, and at laft Saint Salvador or Guanabani, one of the Lucaie
or Bahama Mlands, on the 1 2thof O€fober, and onthe 15th he came
to the North-fide of Aii/paniola, He left there fome Men, and took
thence, to fhew in Spain, fome \Indians, Gold, Parrats, Maiz, or
Indian Corn; and other valuable or ftrange things. On the 4th of
Fanuary, 1493. he fer Sail from Hi/paniola tor Spain, and arrived at
Lisbon the 4th of March in the fame'year, and at Palos in Spain the
the 13th of the fame Month, that is, in feven Months and ‘eleven
Days from going out. |

Columbus, likewife brought into Europe in his Ship,and ficft Voyage,
from thefe places, the Pox, which fpread fo quickly all over Europe,
that Antonius Benivenins, who was at that time a great and famous
Practifer in Phyfick' at Florence, in the firft Chapter of his Book
de Abditis nonnallis ac mirandis morborum, ¢ fanationum caufis, tells

us, that the Lues Venerea then beginning in Spain, had {pread itfelf
through Italy, and France, andthat inthe Year 1496, it had poflefs’d
many People in allthe Provinces of Europe. Dodonaus, likewife tells
us, that this Difeafe very much raged in the War that Charles VIII.
King of France had with alpbonfus King of Naples in the Year 1494.
+p.21g, and'yet thinks Gulielmus de Saliceto, + who liv’d in 1270. Valefcws de
\Lsb.6.cop.3 Tarenta, || wholivd in 1418. and Bernardus de Gordonio, who died
in 1305. give us an account of fome Sympcoms of it.

p 318

Tam of Opinion notwithftanding what thefe have faid, and fome
other lefs material Paflages in antient Writers and Hiftorians, and
whatJoannes ab Arderne has written about An. 1 3 60. and likewife what

* p. aac: Stow * fays of the Laws of the publick Stews in Southwark, that
this

The Introduction. lil

this was a Diftemper altogether new in Europe, Africa and Afia, bee
fore it was brought from the Weff-Indies. The Difeafes mentien’d
by the before - cited Authors being different from that Diftem,*r,
both in Symptoms and Cure, only perhaps communicated ‘ »me-
what after the fame manner ; I have feen fome fuch fingular Cafes,
attended with confiderable Inconveniences and Fears, and yet not at
all pocky. :

The 25th of September, 1493. Chriftopber Columbus {et Sail a fe-
cond time for Eii/paniola, and difcover'd.the Caribes. After he came
to the Fort he had left, + he found all the Spaniards dead, and this + Coleay.49.
account of them from the Indians, that fo foon as he had fail’d for
Spain; mortal Difcords had arifen about Gold and Women, each of
the Spaniards pretending to barier for Gold for himfelf; -and to
takeasmany, and what Women he pleas’d, without being {atisfied
-with what was thought reafonable, and allotted them by the Cacique,
Indian Captain, or King ; that fome of them had gone on thefe Er-
rands towards the Mines, where one Caunapo, a Cacique, had killed
moft of them, and come and burnt their Fort, whereby the remain-
der flying had been drown’d, and were perifhed. |

|| After Columbus's Return-to; Eli/paniola, he went to difcover the |) col. c, 54
South fide of Cuba; thinking: that to be the Continent, and not an ;
Ifland. W om nt ager sysd.I |

He was inform’d:in the other Ifles, that in Jamaica was Gold,
wherefore he went towatds:it, difcover'd it on Sunday the 3d of
May, 1494. and on Monday the next day, he came thither. He
found none of that Metal, -butgreat Number of Canoes and armed
Inhabicants, who had betcersUnderftandings than thofe of the other
Iflands, and who opposd his Landing. Some of them were hurt
by Guns, and the reft yielded, and were peaceable. Columbus, as he
coafted the North fide, was extremely pleas’ with this Ifland,
thinking it furpafled any he had yet feen, for Verdure, Fertility,
Vidtuals, gc. which he judged to come from its being water'd
with Showers drawn\thither by the Woods, which he had obferv’d
to produce the like in the * Canaries and Madera before their being ” Ov#do,
clear’d of Trees: Aahh, ef eer
: defcr. Amere
When Columbus, in + histhird Voyage, had been to difcover the io 104
Continent, he metwith very contrary Winds and Currents (which i
ran always here Weltwardly) fo that he was fore’d to come to this
Liland, where his Ships being-worm-eaten,could carry him no farther.
. He

' iV The latroduction.

He was here in great diftrefs, and his Men had mutiny d. Some of
them he fent ina Canoe to Aiifpaniola, che others remained vith him
at Porto Buono, in the North-fide of Jamaica, being an extraordinary
good Port, and the place which was afterwards called by the Spa-
niards Sevilla, and at this day St. duns. The Indians murmured, think.
ing one Chriftian eat as much as twenty of them, and would not
fupport them, till Columbus || took the advantage of an Eclipfe was
| Col.¢. 103. tbe the next night, wiz, the 29th of February, 1504. He told thena
the God of the Chriftians was angry with them, and would fend
them Peftilence and Famine, if they did not relieve his Men. As
a fign of the ruth of it, next night they fhould fee the Moon
eclipfed. ‘The Indians brought him Vittuals, when they faw the
Prediction fulfill’d, defiring he would intercede for them, and pro-
mife to fight their Enemies., This he engag’d to do, and came out
of his Clofer at the time when he knew the Eclipfe was to end, fay-
ing bis Prayers were granted. He liv’d by the effects of this Eclipfe
till Boats came from Hifpaniols, and carried him and his Men thi-
. penat ther. Fhis Story is the more.Authentic, becaufe the Author * was
oat oe there prefent with his Father. ¢ This Mland was conquered un-
{ Oviedo, der Don Diego Colon by Juan de Efquivel, and other Captains. In
Cor-<4?- 49: fome {mall time the Indiaidinhabitants, to the number of fixty
| Bart. de thoufand || were all deftroyed by the: Severities of the Spaniards,
las Calas. fending to Mines, exc. I have feen in the Woods, many of their
Bones in Caves, which fome people thought were of fuch as had
voluatarily inclos'd or immured chemfelves, in order to be ftarved
to death, to avoid rhe Severities of their Mafters, .

However the Spaniards planted here as at Hii/paniola, and from

* Galvanos, hence * Garay Governour of it in 1523. went in three Ships and
P1084. difcover'd Florida from the Cape of that name to Vera-cruz, and
would have planted it, had he not been hindered by Cortes... This

t Leet. p.20. Vand had in it, in the North fide + Sevilla now called St. 4uns, the
Ruins of which are now to be feen. In this Town were large Houfes,

anda Cathedra! Church, of which the famous Peter Martyr was Ab-

t1.p.9. bot. || The Abbot of this place was Suffragan to the Archbifhop of
Santo Domingo in Fii{paniola, On the fame fide of the Ifland , about ele.
ven Leagues tothe Eaft of Sevilla was Melilla, and fourteen Leagues
t Alex. Ur- from it on theSouth fide was Oriftan. It was very meanly inhabited
a ¢ by the Spaniards, * had no Money and only fifty Perfons in one
Curberlend, Town, but they had || Crawles and Stancias, where was planted
ital. Caffada. Ic had Beeves-wild, and fo confequeatly. Hides and dry’d
Sherley, = Beef, exc. and was. reckoned the moft pleafant and fruitful Ife in the

596. and Weff- Indies, and a Store-honfe for the Main, Notwithftanding this
it

* Chilton,

: The Introduction, Vv

—— ni

it was taken in 1596. by one Shirley, to whom ics people fub-
mitted,

The Ifland Famaica, had this name at the time of its firft Dif-
covery by Columbus *. The Spaniards write ic either Jamaica, Fa-* Col c. 54.
mayca ot Xamaica, 7 Confonant and X, amongft them, being pro-
nounc'd as a Greek X. It afterwards was called St. Fago; tbut foont Martyr.
obtained again its firft name, which it retain’d when it was taken“
by the Englifh Army, fent into thefe parts under General Venables
in the year 1655. The Defcendents and Pofterity of Columbus
were, and are ftill called Dukes of Veragua and Vega, and Mar-
quefles of Famaica. Columbus had this Ifland given him and _ his
Heirs by the Crown of Spain, in place of feveral Privileges and
Duties he was by agreement to have had, as firft Difcoverer and
Admiral of thefe Seas, which were, after coming to the knowledge
of them, thought too great for a Subject to enjoy. It is called
la Jamaique by the French, and Gjamaica, by the Italians. The {fland
of Antego, one of the Antifles or Cartbes, had the fame name wich
this Ifland given it by the Indians, but it was foon changed to that
of Santa Mori del Antigua from whence the prefent name is by cor-
ruption || derived. Il Cob. c. 47:

Jamaica lies in that part of the North Sea, which wafhes the Eaft
fide of the Continent of America. This Sea is called the Mare Boreale,
Septentrionale, or Mar del Nort, to diftinguifh it from the Pacific or
South Sea, called Mar del Zur, which lies Weft of the main Land of
America, Xt lies nearer the Continent or Main, than moft of the
other confiderable American Ifles; which Iflands, as it were, guard
it from the violence of the Winds, and great Atlantic Ocean, and
render it fitter for the produce of the Manufaéture and Trade of
thofe parts, than any of chem. Jt has many Cayos, commonly
called Keys, Shoals and Rocks tound it, whereby ignorant Sailers
are incommoded. Ic lies to the South: Welt of England at about
fifteen hundred Leagues, or four choufand five hundred Miles di-
ftance from it. It has to the Eaft of ic Adi/paniola, or Santo Do-
mingo, about thirty five Leagues diftant. To the North Cuba
diftant about twenty Leagues, to the South Porto Belo, and to
the South-Eaft Santa Martha, both about one hundred and fixcy
Leagues off, and it has alfo Cartagena one hundred and forty Leagues
diftant. Thele three laft places are on the Continent of Ame-
rica and very great places for Trade, Cartagena tor Gold and Silver,
Portobelo for the fame, Cafcarilla, the Bark of Peru, or Fefuits
Powder, and Sarfaparilla, and Santa Martha for Pearls, all which
are brought to Jamaica, in exchange for Blacks and European Com-
modities. Befides, it lies near Campeche and Vera Cruz, the firft a
very confiderable place for Logwood, and the other being the Port

(5) Town

VI

The Introduction.

* Cap. 59.

Town to Mexico, for its trading in Gold and Silver, Cochenille, and
Sarfaparilla, Tc has a fituation very happy, likewife in this refpect,
that it is near the Caymanes, the Cayos or defert Rocks or Iles, of
Cuba, and the Ifle de Vacas, des Vaches, or of Afh, where.the
Turtlers feldom fail of getting plenty of Turtle or Tortoifes, to fur-
nifh the inferior fort of people with good Food, at an eafie and
moderate price,

The Latitude of St. Jago de la Vega, or Spamfh ‘Town in fa-
maica is 17°. 30. North of the Equinoctial, between it and the
Tropic of Cancer, fo that it is placed in the Tortid Zone. Its In-
habitants are Amphi/cii, that is, have their Shadows thrown South of
them, that partof the Year when the Sun is to the North of them,
and North the greateft part of the Year, viz, when the Sun is to the
Southwards of them. When the Sun is vertical, or diretly over
their Heads, they are 4fcit, that is, their Bodies at Noon have no
Shadow at all, and this happens twice a year, that is, when the
Sun is going to the Tropic of Cancer, and returning from the
fame.

It iseafie to find from its Latitude, that ‘tis in the Arabic, or fe-
cond Climate, according to that divifion of the Earth, whereby
10° of Latitude is allowed each Climate, and which has its Name
from Arabia, which is comprehended in it, cis alfo plain, that the
days and nights mult be very near equal the year round ; fo chat there
will be only an hours difference between the length of the. longeft
day in Summer, andthe fhorteft in Winter. This Latitude, likewife
demonftrates that the Twilight here, between the Sun’s fetting, and
no perception of any of his Rays at night (which is when ic is about
18°, under the Horizon) or fome of his Rays being feen, and
his Body vifible in the morning, will be very fhort, or not near
fo long, as the fame continues in places that are fituated in an ob-
lique Sphere. : |

‘The Longitude of the middle of this Ifland is about 76°. Weft of
London, this has been afcertain’d by Obfervations of feveral Eclipfes
by Mr. Charles Boucher, who fent thefe Obfervations to Mr. Hialley,
fo that I cannot bet wonder how Chriffopher Columbus could miftake
fo much as *to fay that by an Obfervation of an Eclipfe of the
Moon, the Eaft end of Hii/paniola was five hours twenty three mi-
nutes Welt of Cadiz, whereas by Mr. Boucher’s, and. later Obferva-
tions, it is certain Jamaica is not much over five hours Weft of Lon-
don, ‘That is to fay, when *tis about twelve aClock at Noon at
London, ’tis about feven in the morning at Jamaica, and when ‘tis
fivea Clock in the evening in London, *tis about twelve at Noon at
Jamaica. Butthe value of che Philippine Mlands, which were to
belong to the Crowns of Spain or Portugal, by the Popes Bull, ac-

cording

The lnivoduction.

. a —

cording to their diftance from the Line of Divifion of the World,
was the occafion of great Miftakes in the Relations and Maps of Sea-
men, which have fome of them but very lately been rectified, and
I doubt fome may yet be lefe wrong placed.

This Ifland lies Ea/? and Weft, and is about one hundred forty
Miles long, and about fixcy broad in the broadeft place, which is
near to its middle, ic decreafing towards both extreams, in many
places, being not half fo broad. Bur it is not very eafie to be very
exact in this, becaufe of the many turnings of the ways, or courfes
of the Gullies or Torrents, by which thofe who crofs the Country,
mutt pals.

I find by an account given to Sir Thomas Lynch, when he was Go-
vernor of Jamaica, that from Point Morant to Point Negril, the
Courfe N. W. 81. degs 140 Miles dift.. The breadth from Portland-
Bay, between Rio-Nuevo and White River, the Courfe North o d.
51 + dift. and from Great Point Pedro, to Dunkin’s Cliffs, the Courfe
Northward 482 dift. From Salc-Pond-Point, to the Mouth of
Annotto River, falling into Port Antonio Harbour, over-againft Lynch-
Ifland, the Courfe North 26 diftance..... From Cabarito-Point to Cove-
Harbour, the Courfe North, 22 + dift. From the Southward of
Point-Negril, to Negril-Cot, Courfe North to ~;dift.

The quantity of Acres are 7450000, »whereof are Savanna
3s0o0ce Acres. Manurable 6100000. Unmanurable’ rocoeo:

Rivers of Famaica, running into the Sea, are eighty. |

Rivers in Jamaica, beginning at Point Morant, and
fo along the South-fide, to the Weflward. —

Awl's River, Cane. Garden River, Crawle River, Lynch River,
~ Seymar's River, White River, Nut’s River, Middle River, Mo-
rant River, Lin’s River, Negro River, Clark's River, Spring River,

White River, Yallab Little River, Black River, and-two-mall River, :

more, Yallab Great River, Barbicon Rivet, Cane River, ope River,
Mamee River, Rock River, Rio Cobre River, Rio Pedro River; Dry
River, Rio de Coco. Forked River, Rio Mana Gully, Nelfon’s River,
Salt or Black River, Boure’s River, Cock Pit River, -Mino'River,
Rock River, Pindar’s River, Tick River, St. Thomas's River, Crooked
River, Green River, Milk River, Vere River, Ryme’s-River, Swift
River, Black River, Caju River, Wiet’s River, Grafs River, One
Fye River, Cave Little River, Dean's River, Cabarito River, Three
Mile-River, Roaring River, Alegator River, Magotty River, Flint
River, Great River, Little River, Great River, Moroffe River, Man-

tica

The Introduction.

tica River, Negro River, Little River, Rio Para Matartiboron River,
Cameron’s River, Rio Bueno Still River, Bear-Garden River, Lang-

land's River,

Rivers on the Noorthfide are,

‘YT. Aie’s Great River, Ochorios or Rivers WhiteRiver, Stone- Bridge
River, Rio Nuevo River, Rio Sambre Tiabo River, Oro Cabeca
River, Six Mile River, Plantain Walk River, Negro River, Puerto
Maria River, (rawle River, Water's River, Stony River, Agua alta,
Anotto River, Flinty Rivee Trunnel's River, Orange River, Ugly Ri-
ver, Ginge’s River, Little Tom's River, Fox’s River, Sandy River,
Plantain Walk River, Church River or Pencarne River, Iterboreale
River, Dry River, Flaycock River, White River, Buffe Bay River,
Spanifh River, Devils River, Swift River, Great Devil's River,
Back River, Loufie River, Daniel's River, Rio Grande White River,
Fox’s River, Sandy River, Sc. Antonio River, Cameron River, Back
River, Annotto River, Guava River, Savanna River, Snaky River,
Negro River, Stony River, Annotto River, Porto Antonio River, Turtle
Crawle Rivers, Prieft Man’s River, © Mulato River, Manchinil River,
Crawle River, Driver's River, White River, Heéfor’s River, Horfe-
Savanna River, Savage River, Plantain-Garden River, Muddy River,
Sulphur River, Clark’s-Rivers»Coquar-Tree River; Cove River.

The whole Ifland has one continu’d ridge of Hills running Eaft
and Weft through its. middle, which. are called generally the blue
Mountains, from their appearing of that colour, which comes from
the Eyes going through a vaft quanticy of ther, or Air, as looking |
to the Heavens in a clear day. The tops of fome are higher than

others, one of the higheft is called Mount Diablo. . Ocher Hills there

are on each fide of this Ridge of Mountains, which are lower.<
Although this place be ficuated in the Torrid Zone, yet’the Air
of it may very well be affirm’d temperate, in that the heatof the
days is qualified by the length of the nights, which here ‘is. about
twelve hours long all the year round ; fo that the Sun has hor'that
length of timeto heat the Atmofphere, as where the days are longer,
and the nights fhorter, or noneat all, *Tis.on the fame account
that the evenings are much hotter than the mornings, although the
Sun be equally diftant, and. the Rays fall the fame way, the heat
becoming then extraordinary, becaufe it has been watm’d from morn-
ing to that time, by the beams of the Sun, a great many of which
continue to act with thofe coming frefh from theSun. The Breezes
blowing all the year between from North-Eaft to South-Eaft, and
rifing

Prrtiss

The Introduction.

rifing gradually as the Sun rifes, is another caufe of this Ait’s being
the more temperate. There is before Rain, very often here, a great
heat (alchough the Sun be over-clouded) as well as uneafinefs on
Men’s Bodies, efpecially thofe that are fickly, which fo foon as the
Rain falls is quite removed. This is common to other parts of the
world as well as this place, and feems to proceed from moifture, or
rather from the fpring of the humours of the Body diftending the Vel-
fels, the Atmofphere being then lighter,and more moift. The Breeze
from Land at night is very cooling, though thought very unhealchy

by the Spaniards, on what account { know not. ’ Tis ufually argued

from Irons rufting very foon here, that the Air is corroding ; but this
I believe comes from the Heat, whereby moft People {weat, which
being falt and very penetrating corrodes the Iron, and rufts it when
they couch ic, or keep ir in their Pockets, On the Mountains and
high Land ’tis much cooler than inthe Valleys; in chefe laft the Sun
Beams are reflected, from the fides of the neighbouring rifing Grounds
fo on one another, that they feem to make in feveral places a kind of
Focus as in a Burning-Glafs, I-never found more heat here than
as in fome Valleys near Montpelier where the fituation of the Hills in
their neighbourhood occafioned exceffive heat. The Savannas are
here likewile the more Temperate; becaufe they are places where

few Sun Beams are refle€ted on the Body, having few {mall rifing —

Hills to interrupt the courfe of the Breezes, or reflect the Sun Beams
The Air here, nocwithftanding the heat, is very healthy, { have
kniown Blacks one hundred and twenty years of Age, and one
hundred years old is very common amongft Temperate Livers.
Thé Mercury ia ‘the Barometer ftands at about the fame heighth
and has the fame alterations as in England, though it change not fo

often asin England. Gi J | gecds dase
The Ait is here not more Nitrous thaft'in England, nor is there any

Saltpetre to be had from any natural Earth; but fome kind of Tincal
Or Borax out of a red Earth, which is improper for the culture of
Sugar-Canes, What Salepetre is to be had here, is from the Earch
dug out of Caves where Indians were buried, or where Bats, and
their Dung, are in great quantities. This Iam certain of, be-
caufe the Duke of Albemarle cattied feveral people to Jamaica on pur
pofe to try to make Saltpetre, having had a Pacent for that Defign.
’Tis frequent, riding in the night, to meet with here and there an
hor Blaft, for fome few paces of Earth-you ride over ; thele Blafts,
which are alfo met within Egypt, and other parts of che World, are
counted very unhealthy, as are alfo Norths, which blow clear over
the Ifland fora Month together, about Chriftmas, in which time, in
the North fide, no Canes ‘will grow, but it planted, the Worms eat
them. © :

(¢) Butter

an he

The Introduction.

Butter, through the heat of the Air, is fo fott here as ’tis when
half melted in England; and Tallow-Candles here are very often lo
foft as not to be able to ftand upright, without falling and doubling
down, which makes the nicelt forc of people defire thole of Wax.

The Dog-days, and fome weeks abouc that time, are intolerably
hot, andunhealthy, few people find themfelves then perfectly well
and eafie, be they either the antient Inhabitants, or new Comers.

The heat of the Air here is endeavour’d to be amended by great
Fans in fome Parlours, fuchas are us'd about Montpelier, and by ly-
ing in: ffamacs.

T here are as many forts of Water here as in England; River- water,
Pond water, Well-water, Spring-water, oc.

Freth-warer is very {carcein dry years, or fome parts of the year,
in the Savannas diftant from Rivers, fo that many of cheir Cattle
die with driving to water. If the place be near the Sea, or fandy,
the Well-water, as at Port-Royal is brackifh. This brackifh water,
which is very common in Wells on Sea-fhores, is not wholefome,
but the caufe of Fluxes, and other Difeafes ia Sailers drinking of it.
It may be eafily difcovered by dropping a folution of fine Silver into
it, Which according to Mr, Bayles computation precipitates a white
fettlement,: if it contain =; of Salt in it. I have not yet known, or

1§oo

heard of any method which will clear Water of this brackifhaels bur

Deftillation. 3 |
Pond- water, or River-water here, is more pure and not fo much
infected with Weeds as in England, becaule of the {wiftnefs of the
Currents, or great Inundations, deftroying the Water-Herbs at
certain Seafons of the year. Riverswater, becaule of its great
Delceats and Precipices, carries with it much Clay and Earth,
whereby ‘tis muddy and thick; this drunk,. has an odd tafte,
which, in the Town-River, gave occafion to the Spaniards to call
it Rio Cobre, and the Engl tofay “tis not wholefome, aid tafts of
Copper; whereas on tial of the Sand and other Sediments, there
is no Metal found therein. This River-water, if {uffered to fertle ©
fome days in earthen Jars, the Sediments go to the bottom, and the
Water is good. It’s thought that Pebbles in the bottom of the Jar pro-
mote this feparation; and Seamen think a lead-holed plate does the
fame ; but ‘tis likely thefe two methods only hinder the fubfidence
from rifing eafily. The porous Stones for percolating water is che
beft remedy for this miuddinefs; they muft beclean’d every day, and
fometimes che water put through them twice or thrice. They are
brought from the Canaries to the Spanifh Main, and thence to Jamaica,
They are made into the form.of Mortars, the water being put inco
theit Concave fide, foul and troubled, pafles through them, and
is filtred, leaving its filth in the pores of the Stone. Sometimes this
water

The Introduction.

sa

water is pafsd through three of thefe plac’d one under another,
Thames-water, at Sea, 1s generally thought to ferment, and torife to
a vinous Spirit, but it is not fo; for this is to be afcrib'd moftly to
the filth or tin@ure of the Cask, for the Water itfelf in Jars, does

not ferment nor fmell; in Cask firft it acquires a colour from the’

filth or Wood, then ferments, {mells, and turns vinous, neither is
itallfo, but only thatin fome Casks, Brandy, by the Cask, from
limpid, turns yellowifh in colour, butdoes not fo in Jars or Bottles.
Water gather’d off the Ships Decks from Rain, fmells and ferments
prefently, becaufe of Spittle, Dung, ec. Thames-water is accounted
_ the beft for Ships, though probably paffing by fo great a City as Lon-
don, it be the fouleft in Contents.

Spring-water is reckon‘d preferable to other kinds ; there are fine,
large Springs here, many of them as well as Rivers, petrify their
own Channels, by which they fometimes ftop their own Courfes,
by a Sediment and Cement uniting the Gravel and Sand in their
bottoms. When this petrifying water falls drop by drop, it makes
the Stalattites. Several Caves have their bottoms and tops united by
this Stone, fo that they appear Pillars. |

Upon the whole matter, the cleanfing Water from Clay, Mould,
Water-Herbs, and other accidental Impurities it meets with in its
Courfe, feems to be the way of making it good in all parts of the
World. In many places the Inhabitants let it purifie itfelf by quiet
and {ubfidence, in others they do it by help of a fort of Beans, or ra-
ther mux vomica, as on the Coaft of Coromandel; in others by pre-
colating through porous Stone-Mortars. I have feen in London the
muddieft Water made as fine as ever I faw any, by filling a Ciftern
with Sand, f{cattering the muddy Water on the upper part of it,
which foaking through by a Hole*(guarded fo as not to be choak’d
with mud) atthe bottom of the Ciftern, lefc behind all its impurities
inthe Sand. ‘This Sand is curn’d into a foft Stone, which once a
year is taken out, broken with Mallets, cleans‘d ofits Clay, and put
again into the Ciftern to ferve for the fame purpofe another year.

A hot Bath or Spring is near Morant in the Eaftward part of the
Ifland, ficuated in a Wood, which has been bathed in, and drunk of
late years foi the Belly-ach with great Succefs.

A great many Salt-Springs arife in level Ground under Hills, in
Cabbage-Tree bottom, at about a Mile or two diftance from the Sea,
which united make what is call’d the Salt-River.

Salt is made here in Ponds, whereinto the Sea or Salt-water comes
_and by the Heat of the Sun, the moifture being exhal’d, leaves the
Salt, which is in great plenty at the Salt-Ponds, about Old Harbour ,
exc. The Sale is not perfectly white, nor in {mall Grains, but in

large lumps, and has an Eye of red in it, as fome fal gemme I have —

{een

Xi

The Introduction.

feen come from Spain, or what comes from the [land called Sut
Tortugas near the Main of America, which is here reckoned the ftron-
ger and better Salt. |

Lagunas, ot great Ponds, are many here, one whereof, Rio Hoa
Pond, receives a great deal of water by a River, which yet has no
vifible Rivulet, or Difcharge runs from tt.

Rivers here in the Mountains rife above, and go under ground
again in a great many places, as ‘Rio d’ Oro falls under, and rifes a-
bove ground above Sixteen Miles-Walk, three ot four times, and {o
ic is in many others.

At Abraham’s Plantation in the North-fide, is a River which has
ftop’d it’s own Courfe by letting a fettlement fall, and petrifying its
own bottom.

It’s ordinary to have Cataracts, Cafcades or Precipices, in Rivers
amongft the Mountains fifty or fixty Foot high. I have heard fome
people have been in Curtents forc’d down thefe without hurt, The
Water making a great Noife down {uch Precipices, gave the name to
the roaring River in the North fide.

The Rivers, efpecially that called the dry one, (becaufe ’tis fome-
times dry) when it rains in the Mountains, come down with great
force, carrying along any thing in their way. ‘Thefe Rivers have
done dammage to feveral people by coming down, they being nor
aware of them, it having rain’d above in the Mountains by their
Springs, though not below them in the Plains. Many Fifh are in
thefe Rivers, up in the Mountains, efpecially Cray-fifh, wild Hogs
feed on them when the Springs are low. The Fifhoft are brought
down and left in Holes, where Negroes take them by intoxicating
them with Dogwood-bark,

Many iallen Trees come down the Rivers, and croffing one ano-
ther make a ftop, whereby the Neighbouring grounds {uffer great
Inundations, this, as it is beneficial to fome, {o itis hurtful to others
according to the wetnefs or drinefs of the Soil. ,
Mik-River, is fo called from the bertom of the River, which
being a white Clay, has given it it's Name: it is dangerous fording
it, becaufe the Fords remove as the water puts the Sand by it’s Cur-
rent on one fide or other.

Rocks of incredible bignefs are brought down by the im petuofity
of Rivers which fometimes almoft ftop their ancient Courfes making
them run another way.

_ By this fteepnels of the Hills, and confequently impetuous mo-
tion of the Current, are made the very fteep and deep Gullies and
fides of Rivers, fo that the Banks or Brinks of a River are fome-

da a great many yards perpendicularly high above the waters
uttace, |

The

The luatroduéhion.

The Tides here are {carce to be taken notice of, there being very
little increafe or decreafe of the water, and that depending moftly,
if not altogether, on the Winds, fo that che Land-Winds driving off
the water of the Ifland, makesa Foot, two, or more Ebb, which is
moft apparent in the mornings: ia the Harbour of Port-Royal one may
fee the Coral-Recks then fenfibly nearer the furface of the water,
and all along the Sea-fhore, the water is gone fora {mall {pace, leaving
it dry, and this much more on the South fide of the Hland, when the
Norths blow. On the contrary the Sea-breeze driving the water
on the fhore of the Ifland, makes the Flood, fo that in the evening
ic may be faid to be high water, efpecially if a Souch, or other
Wind, blows violently into the Land for fome time together, with
which the water comes in, and is much higher chan ordinary. The
Breezes being ftronger or weaker according to the Moons Age, ic
may be thought the Tides or Currents may follow that; but I ra-
ther believe they only are the effect of the Winds.

‘The outward face of the Earth feems to be different here from
what I con’d obferve in Europe, the Valiies in this Mland being very

level, with little or no rifing Ground, or fmall Hills, and without *

Rocks, or Stones. The Mountainous part for the moft part is very
fteep, and furrowed by very deep Gullies on the North and South fides
of the higheft Hills, on each fide of which are very great Precipices.
The Ridges left are where the High-ways are made, to pafs from one
fide of the Ifland to the other. “The Gullies are made here by
frequent, and often very violent Rains, which every day almoft
fall on thefe Mountains, and firft making a {mall Trough or Courle
for themfelves, wafh away afterwards whatever comes in their way
and make their Channel extraordinary fteep.

The greateft part of the high Land of this Iflind is ftony, rocky,
or clayey; thele forts of Soil refift the Rains, and fo are not
carried down violently with them into the Plains, as are the
Mould proper for Tillage, and other more friable Earths, either
natural to thefe places, or made of the faln and rotten Leaves, and
Trunks of Trees, or Duft carried by Wind and Rain; hence it is
that in thofe mountainous places, one fhall have very lice or
none of fuch Earths, but either a tenacious Clay, or a Honeys
Comb, or other Rock, on which no Earth appears; and this is
generally true, unlefs in fome few places where the Rain may
carry fome of this Earth, and there leave it, the fituation of the
a being the caufe of fuch an accident, by being a bottom among
Hills,

(d) On

The Introduction.

: : So et
— ad

On the (ame account that the high Land wants tillable Earth, and
is barren, the low Land is very deep of fat and black Mould in
fome places a great many yards deep, fo chat tne fat, black Earth
of Olaus Rudbeck, would be no certain Argument of the length of
time from the Deluge, there being none in the high Land, and a great
deal more than enough in the low. Hence it comes that all low
Land, near high, is the moft fertile, and all high Land is {carce
cultivated, the one being extreamly fertile, the other nor.

Allthe high Land is covered with Woods, which are great high
Trees, fome of them very good Timber; they are very call flen-
der, ftraight, and one would wonder how fuch Trees could grow
in fuch a barren Soil, fothick together, among the Rocks. The
Trees fend down their fibrous Roots into the Crannies of the Rocks,
where here and there they meet with little Receptacles, or natural
Bafins, wherein the Rain water is preferv’d not only for the Roots of
the Frees to give them Nourifhment ; but likewile to give Birds and
Infecis drink, and fometimes Paffengers on the Roads. It is like-
wile ordinary for Rain-water co be kept in the Spurs of Corton, and
other Trees made hollow, and to be drunk by Hunters, and others,
fucking it out with a wild Cane. .

"Tis a very. ftrange thing to fee in how fhort a time a Plantation
formerly clear'd of Trees and Shrubs, will grow foul, which comes
from two caufes ; the one the not ftubbing up of the Roots, whence
arife young Sprouts, and the other the Fertility of the Soil. The
Settlements and Plantations of, not only the Ladsans, but even the Spa- -
wiards, being quite overgrown with tall Trees, fo that chere were no
Footfteps of {uch a thing left, were it not for old Palifadoes, Build-
ings, Orange- Walks, exc. which fhew plainly the formerly clear’d
places where Plantations have been, |

There are the fame Layers of Earth one over another, as are to
be met with in Europe. And the fame difference of Soil, appears
here, that does in England, on digging of Wells, exc,

Moft of the Savannas, or Plains fit for Pafture, and clear'd of
Wood like our Meadow-Land, lie on the South fide of the Ifland,
where one may ride a great many Miles without meeting any the
leaft Alcent, Some of thefe Plains are within Land encircled with
Hills, asthe Magotty Savanna, we. Tis probable, thefe being void
altogether of Trees, that they are either fo naturally, or rather have
been clear'd by the Indians, in order to plant their Maiz there, and
ether Provifions, ; |

Thefe Savannas an{wer our Meadow-Grounds in Europe, and

after Seafons, i.e, Rain, ate very green and pleafant, but after long
droughts are very much parch:d and withered. ri

ay

Low

The Introduction.

=

XV

Low Land clear'd of Wood is very proper for Hay, which has
been here made in very few days, and feeds Horfes very well, but
the greateft pare of the Nourifhment of Horfes is Scotch Grals, and
Indian Corn,

After Seafons, i, ¢. three or four, or more days Rain, all manner
of Provifions, Maiz, Guinea Corn, Peafe, Patatas, Yams, Plan-
tains, ¢c. are planted. The Ground, after thefe Grains and Provi-
fions are gathered, is clear’d, before they expect a new Seafon, of
the remaining Weeds, Stalks and Rubbifh, which are puc in heaps
and burnt. :

Their new clear’ Grounds are too rich, thofe which have been
manurd for a long time need Dung, which now they begin co look
after, not burning their Trafh as formerly, bur keeping it in great
heaps to rot, in time to make the better Dung.

The Stalks of Guinea-Corn and trafh, (that is the marc, or re-
maining part of the Sugar Canes, after the Expreffion ot the Juice
whereof Sugar is made, ) is ufed in Barbados, for fire wood, in three
or four of che Stoke-holes, where a lefs degree of Fire is {uff-
cient, and begins to be in ule in Jamaica, in places where Fire-wood
is {carce. :

In places clear’d, and ruin’d or grown wild again, the feveral forts
of fcandent or climbing Plants, efpecially Convolyuli, do fo much
abound and profper, that there is no pafling without a Bill to cut
ones way ; they are fo high, as not only to mount up the young Shrubs
but even to the tops of the talleft Trees, whence they hang down,
and often pull down the Trees with them.

.. Trees faln in the Path, and turning to Mould or Earth, I have
obferv’d here to yield juft the fame: fort of Earth for. colour, wc. as
the Soil is, in which they grew.

The Meat of tie Inhabitants of Jamaica, is generally {uch as is
in England, as Beef, Pork, and Fifh, falted and preferved, and
fent from hence and Ireland, Flour, Peafe, falted Mackrels, ee.
from thefe Places, and New-England, or New-York ; on which not
only the Mafters feed, but allo they are oblig’d to furnifh their
Servants both Whites and Blacks with three Pounds of Salc-Beet,
Pork, or Fifh, every week, befides Caffada Bread, Yams, and Pa-
tatas, which they eat as Bread, and is the natural Product of the
Country.

Although there is here in the Savannas great plenty of Cattle,
yet they cannot keep Beef paft fome few days, and that falted,
otherwife in three or four hours “tis ready to corrupt. Butchers al-

ways kill in the morning juft before day, and by feven a Clock the —

Markets for Flefh-Meat are over.
a Their

ed

XVI

The lutroduditcn.

Their Beef here is very well tafted, and good, unlefs when Guinea
Hen-weed rifes inthe Savannas, which is immediately after Rains, or
when they are fo parch’d that Cattle can find nothing elie to feed on,
this having a very deep Root, and being then green. ‘Then their
whole Flefh tafts fo much of it, that one cannot well eat it, at which
time likewife it infects their Milk, and very much their Kidnics.
Every thing made of Milk rafts, when the Cows eat tt, fo trong of
it, that there is no ufing with pleafure any thing made cherewita.
This is commonly thought to come from their eating Calabafh-T ree.
Leaves, which in chat {carcicy are fell’d co feed cher Cattle ; but ic
comes from this Herb, and not thence as !s vuig arly fuppoled. Carre
feed on the Calabafh Fruit in dry times, Hortes tn che Woods are
fometimes kill'd by them, the Fruit ticking fo talt co their Teeth chat
they are not able to open their Chaps to feed.

The Butchers remedy the fmell of the Guinea Hen weed in Cattle,
by putting them into other feeding Grounds before they are flaugh-
tered.

Veal is very common, but none thought good but what comes
from Luidas, where the Calves are very white fefh’d; whether this
comes from this places being mountainous, or bleeding and giving
them Chalk, asin Effex, Icannot tell, but the price of it was fo ex.
travaganc, that in the Affembly they paft an A& chat it fhould not be
fold dearer than twelve pence per Pound.

A great part of the Food of the beft Inhabicants, for their own
Tables, of the produce of the Hland, is Swines-flefh, and Poultry of
their own raifing.

Swine are of two forts, one running wild in the Country amongft
the Woods, which feed on the faln Fruits, ec. and are fought out
by Hunters with gangs of Dogs, and chiefly found in che more un-
frequented, woody, inland parts of the Hfland. After puriuir, and chat
they are wearied by the Dogs, when they come to a Bay, they are
fhot or pierc’d through with Lances, cut open, the Bones taken out,
and the Flefh is gafh’d on the infide into the Skia, fili’d with Sale and
expos‘d to the Sun, which is call’d Jirking. Ic is fo brought home
to their Mafters by the Hunters, and eats much as Bacon, if broil’d
on Coals. Thefe Hunters are either Blacks or Whites, and go out
with their Dogs, fome Salt and Bread, and lye far remote from
Houfes, in Huts, in the Woods, for feveral days, in places where
Swine come to feed on the Fruits, ec. returning wich more or lefs
Meat, according to their good or bad Fortune. 9 The Iudians are very
exquifite at this Game. The fame method is ufed for wild Kine
which are now but very few, and thofe in the Woods in the North
fide. Wild Goats there are fome on the Salt-Pan Hills, nor

I to be
fen but in dry Seafons when they come down for water.

Swine

The Introduction.

XVII

Swine fed at Grawles are in very great plenty. Thele Crawles,
or Houfes and Sties built for feeding and breeding Hogs, are kept
by forme Whites, Indians or Blacks. “The Swine come home every
night in feveral hundreds from feeding on the wild Fruits in the
neighbouring Woods, on the third found of a Conch-Shell, where
they are fed with fome few Ears of Indian Corn thrown in amongft
them, and let out the next morning, not coreturn all night, orthae
they hear the found of the Shell, Thefe fort of remote Plantations
are very profitable to their Mafters, not only in feeding their own
Families, but in affording them many Swine to fell for che Market.
Ic wasnot a {mall Diverfion to me, to fee thefe Swine in the Woods,
on the firft found of the Shell, which is like that of a Trumpet,
to lift up their Heads from the Ground where they were feeding,
and prick up their Earsto hearken for the fecond, which fo foon as
ever they heard they would begin to make fome movements home-
wards, and on the third found they would run with all their {peed
to the place where the Overfeer us’d to throw them Corn, They
are call’d home fo every night, and alfo when fuch of them as
are fic for Market are wanted ; and feem to be as much, if not
more, under Command and Difcipline, than any Troops I ever
faw.

A Palenque is here a place for bringing up of Poultry, as Turkeys,
which here much exceed the European and are very good and well
tafted, Hens, Ducks, Mufcovy Ducks, and fome very few Geefe.
Mufcovy Ducks are here moft plentiful, and thrive extreamly, they
coming originally from Guinea. ‘Thefe Poultry are all fed on Indian
or Guinea Corn, and Ants Nefts brought from the Woods, which
thefe Fowls pick up and deftroy mightily.

Cattle are penn’d every night, or elie they ina fhort time run
wild. Thefe Pens are made of Palifadoes, and are look’d after
very carefully by the Planters. The Oxen who have been drawing
in their Mills, and are well fed on Sugar-Cane-tops, ace xeckoned
the beft Meat, if not too much wrought. They are likewife fatced
by Scotch Grafs.

Turtle, (Tortoifes) are of feveral forts, thofe of the Sea call’d
green Turtle from cheir Fats being of that colour, feed on Conches
or Shell.fifh, are very good Victuals, and fuftain a great many,
efpecially of the poorer fort of the Ifland. They are brought in
Sloops, as the Seafon is for breeding or feeding, from the Caymanes,
or South Cayes of Cuba, in which forty Sloops, part of one hundred
and eighty, belonging to Port-Royal, are always imployed. They
are worth filteen Shillings apiece, beft when with Egg, and brought
and put into Pens, or Palifadoed places in the Harbour of Port-
Royal, whence they are taken and killed, as occafion requires. They

(¢) are

~~

XVill The Introduction.

ae

are much better when brought in firft, than after languifhing in
thofe Pens, for want of Food,

They infeé&t the Blood of thofe feeding on them, whence their
Shirts are yellow, their Skin and Face of the fame colour, and
theie Shirts under the Armpits ftained prodigioully. This I be-
lieve may be one of the reafons of the Complexion of our European
Inhabicants, which is chang’d, in fome time, from white to that
of a yellowifh colour, and which proceeds from this, as well as
the Jaundies, which is common, Sea Air, @c.

Land-Tortles are counted more delicate Food than thofe of che
Sea, although {maller. They are, asf have been told, on the main
Continent of America, pen’d and fed with Patataclips,erc. and drawn
out as occafion requires either for victualling the Flota, or for the
private expence of cheir Houfes.

All fores of Sea Tortle, except the green, are reckon’d fifhy, and
not good Food. |

Manati, is taken in this land, very oftea in calm Bays, by the
Indians ; It is reckoned extraordinary good Victuals.

Fith of all forts are here in great plenty; but care mult be taken
they be not poyfonous, this is known by the places where they ule,
where it Manganeel-Apples are commonly eaten by them, they are
very dangerous.

Salt-Mackarel are here a great Provifion, efpecially for Negros, who
covet them extreamly m Pepper-Pots, or Oglios, ec.

What is ufed for Bread here, by the Inhabicants, is very different
from that in Burope: that coming neareft our Bread is Caffada.
The Root dug wp is feparated from its outward, {mall, thin Skin,
then gratedona Wheel, or other Grater. After fearcing, the powder
is put into a Bag, and its juice {queez’d out, the ends of the Roots
are kept for other ufes. The fearc’d and dry Farina, is {pread in the
Sun to dry further, then put on a Gridiron fer on Coals, and there
bak’d as Oat-Cakes are in Scotland. ’Tis obfervable, chat althouoh
it be a Powder when put on the hot Iron, yet prefently it fticks c0-
gether very faft, and becomes one folid Cake, which being bak'd on
one fide for fome few minutes, is turn’d and bak’d on che other al-
moft as long, then put on the fide of a Houfe to Sun. The ends
of the Roots are made into a coarfer Flour, and a Bread is made
of a coarfer fort, for making a kind of Drink call’d Perino. The
juice is poifonous, fo that any creature drinking of it (after fovel-
ling) dies prefendy. But if Swine be by degrees accuftomed to
‘tis the moft fatning Food that is, This juice as whith, and +
Jet fettke, has a Setcloment or Fecwle {ubhiding, which ae ay
fine Flour, and this fine Flour by fome is reckened the bef mJ
moft wholefome Farina. |

This

Ea SE A

The Introduction.

This Bread is eaten dry as ours, or dipt in water, on which itim-
mediately {wells, and has no very pleafant cafte chis way,though dry
ithas none at all, Dipt in fugar’d water this Bread is {till more plea-
fant, and if ic be a liccle tofted afterwards, it eats yet better. If
dipt in Wine, ic will not {well as if diptin Water, It will keep a
long time without Corruption, fo that it is taken as Provifion for
the Sloops trading to the Spantfh Main, exc. This Bread is worth
about feven Shillings and fix pence the hundred weight, fometimes
double that, according to its {carcity. People who feed altogether on
this, live as long, and in as good Health as they who feed on any
other fort of Bread. |

Plantains is the next moft general fupport of Life in the [fland,
They are brought in from the Plancain-Walk, or place where chefe
Trees are planted, a little green; they ripen and turn yellow in the
Houle, when, or before they are eaten. They are ufually rofted,
after being firft clear'd of their outward Skins, under the Coals.
They are likewife boil’d in Oglio’s or Pepper-Pots, and prepar’d in-
to a Paft like Dumplins, and feveral other ways. A Drink is alfo
made of them. |

The next Succedaneum for Bread, in this place, are Patatas.
They are rofted under the Coals, or boil’d, and are eaten as the
former.

Yams are likewife us’d here in lieu of Bread, and are prepar’d as

the others, only becaule they are very large, they are ulually cut in

pieces, :

Grains in ufe here, are, 1.Guinea-Corn. “°Tis prepar'd, and usd
as Rice, and tafts as well, and is as nourifhing. Ik is ufually che
Food of Poultry and Pigeons.

2. Indian Corn or Maiz, either tofted or boil’d, is fed on by the
Slaves, efpecially the young Ears of it, before ripe, are rofted un-
der the Coals and eaten; this is thought by them very delicious,
and call’d Mutton ; but ’tis moft us’d for feeding Cattle and Poultry.

3. Rice is here planted by fome Negros in their own Plantations,
and thrives well, but becaufe it requires much beating, and a par-
ticular Art to feparate the Grain from the Husk, ‘tis thought coo
troublefom for its price, and fo neglected by moft Planters.

Peale, Beans, and Pulfe of forts different from thofe of Europe,

are here very common. ‘They are eaten when green, as ours of

Europe, and when dry, boil’d, afford the Negros very good and
{trong Provifion.

Flour from New-York is counted the beft, but this as well as
all other Flour, and Bisket, are fubjeét to be fpoil’d with Weevils,
or {mall Scarabas, if long kept. 2

Choco-

Lees

XX

The Introduction.

Chocolate is here us’d by all People, ac all times, buc chiefly in
he morning ;_it feems by its oilinefs chiefly to be nouri{hing and by
the Eggs mixt with it to be renderd more fo. The Cuftom, and
very common ufage of drinking it came to us from the Spaniards,
although ours here is plain, without Spice. I found it in great
quantities, naufeous, and hard of digeftion, which I fuppofe came
from its great oilinels, and therefore | was very unwilling to allow.
weak Stomachs the ule of it, though Children and Infants drink ic
here, as commonly as in England they feed on Milk, Chocolate
colours the Excrements of thofe feeding on it of a dirty colour.

The common ule of this, by all People in feveral Countries in
‘America, proves fufficiently its being a wholelome Food, The drink-
ing of it a€tually warm, may make it the more Stomachic, for we
know by Anatomical preparations, that the tone of the fibres are
ftrengthened by dipping the Stomach in hot water, and that hot
Liquors will diffolve what cold will leave unaffected,

Befides thefe ordinary Provifions, the Racoon, a {mall Quadruped,
is eaten. Rats are likewife fold by the dozen, and when they have
been bred amongft the Sugar-Canes, are thought by fome difcerning
people very delicious Victuals. - Snakes or Serpents and Goff (a fort
of Worms) are eaten. by the Indians and Negros. oie

As I have formerly obferved fome wonderful contrivances of N2-
ture, for propagating the Kind, iflialk- now on this occafion take
notice of one very obvious, afid \yet'not regarded for the prefervati-
onof the individuum. °Tis the great variety of Foods Mankind is
fuftained by, ‘not only here-but'in che feveral parts of the Earth.
Mankind would be at-a great lofs were they reftrain’d by Nature
to any certain limited kind of Food.°*For when they fhould come
to multiply and replenifh the Earth, and live in all Climates, where
the difference of Air and. Soil taifesvariety of Vegetable and Ani-

mal Productions, they would come to want neceflary fuftenance for

Life, were they not fitted by Natute, or rather the All-wife Author
of it, to make ule of what they find: ready for that purpofe.
Tis for this reafon Man has cutting and tearing,as well as grinding
Teeth, and a natural Menftraum or diflolvent in his Stomach and
Guts, of great force and power ia extracting Nourifhment from the
great variety of Meats, found and ufed in che feveral parts of the
World. ~Chymifts have with great induftry many years foughe

after an Alcabeft, Univerfal Diflolyent, ‘or Menfiruum, whereby ¢o

open or extract the Quinteflence of Bodies, and‘have not, {o far
as'l can fee or learn, been yet able tovattain ins We {ee every da
Nature furpafs chem’ in» this particular, for whereas with diag fo
many kinds of Drugs or Bodies,.:fo: many kinds of Menfirua ate
required, the Spittle, or whateyer is the Men/truxm comes from
the

en ee Re BO =

The Introduction.

the Blood into the Stomach and Guts, and is there mix’d with

our comminuted Victuals, is able to open and extract from them
what is good and proper, whether they be Roots, Stalks, Leaves,
or Seeds of Vegetables of feveral kinds; Fat or Lean of the Elefh of
Animals, or parts of them, {weet or fower, acid or Alkali, ’tis all
one, the beft parts are kept, and the worft, unufeful, or earchy,
thrown off by Excrements. There will be no need of proving this,
if we do but confider how many live very well on Vegetables only,
thinking ic inhuman to kill any thing to eat ; others live on Fiefh
only, moft on both Vegetables and Flef. Many live on the Irifh
Patatas, a fort of Solanum, (on which, I have heard, they live in the
Mines of Potoft, and in Ireland) the common Brakes, as in the late
Famine in France; on the Roots of Argentina, called Mafcorns, in
Scotland and the North of Ireland, the Stalks of the Fucus Phafganoides
called Tangle in Scotland, or on the Roots of Bulbocaftanum or Pignuts.
The greaceft part of Mankind have cheie chief Suftenance irom
Grains; as Wheat, Rice, Barley, Oats, Maiz, Buck-wheat, Zea ox
Spelta, Rye, fome from the Seeds of a wild Grafs called Gramen Man-
n@ in Poland, or from wild Oats, or Folle Avoie, growing in the
Lakes of Canada, on which the Indians feed; or from the Seeds of the
feveral forts of Millecand Panicum. Some in Barbary feed on Pala Oil,
others on that drawn from Organ or Erguen Nuts, many on Oil
Olive, or that from Walnuts or Sefamum, which laft is much fed in
Egypt and the Ea(t-Indies. Kine, Goats, Swine and Sheeps Flefh
fuftain moft people in thefe parts, and fo does Camels in Arabia,
and Horfes in Tartary. Moft in Groenland feed on large Draughts of
Train Oil; and in Bngland the poorer fort have ftrong Nourifhment
from Milk-meats, (on which feed the longeft Livers) Butter and
Cheefe. In many parts of the World, as Lapland, ec. Fifh is theit

chief fubfiftence. |
Befides thefe already above mentioned, Joachimus Struppius, has
written a Book printed Francof. 1573. 1 quarto, called Anchora Fa-
mis,oc. and Giovanni Battifta Segni,trattato fopra la Careftia é fame toc.
Bol. 1602. in quarto. wherein | find fome of the following Vegerable
and Animal Produ&tions were made ufe of iff times of Famine,which
may be not only curious to confider, but ufeful ia the direction of
others in the like neceffities, fhould it pleafe God to infli& the like
Calamity. There are likewife other Inftances of extraordinary teed-
ing taken from other Books, as Voyages, Sieges, ee. Petronins de
viéiu Romanorum, Mundy, Muffet, vc. Roots, not incation’d alieady,
affording Suftenance, are Carrots, Parfneps, Parlly, Navews, Skirrets,
Radifhes, Onions, Turneps, Scorzonera, Saffafte or Tragopogon, Peony,
Gladiolus, Papyrus, Fennel, Daucus, Afphodil, Liquorice, Bur-roots,
Whire-thiftle-roots, Alifanders, Satyrium, Traft, Arachidna, @ Bambu.
= | Ci) Though

XKXi

eT SS AT IES RE IR RD

SR IEE ERASE LT CTT <P S

The Introduction.

XX

- seein ors. a sz " AS 2 ET
SSE TE EO = ee
2 ee : a2

Though Scalks and Leaves afford no great Nourifhment, yet they
have fometimes kept many from ftarving, they are either fuch as are
render or fucculent of themfelves, or made fo by earthing. Phey
are Cichory, Selery, Endive, Sorrel, Coleworts, Mallows, of much
ufe in the Kitchin of old, Buglofs, Lettuce, blite, Cumtry, Spinage,
Leaves of Apples, Pears, Beech, Artichokes common and prickly,
Mufhrooms, Purflain, on which fome people have lived in delere
Places, Sim, Primrole, Cefaglione or the head of the Dwart Palm,
the Head of the Palm called Cabbage-tree, Afparagus-like, young
Shoots of Briony, black and white, Hops, Rufcus, Equifetum, which
isreckon’d unwholefome, and Ferule, Sea-weeds, tender Leaves and
Sarments of Vines, White thorn, and Tamarind-uce-leaves. 1
find alfo in want, that People have thought of young Oak- Apple,
and Pear-tree- bark, as well as Fir-tree-Cones. |

Many feed on Pulfe, as Peafe of the Garden, and wild Beans,
Vetches, Orobi, Lupins, Kidney-beans, Lentils, Lornus Agyptiaca.
Many on the Seeds of Lolium or Cockle, which is plentiful when
Corn is fcarce, and prepar’d by being well waterd, boil’d, dry'd,
and made into Flour for Bread, which has been ufed in {carcity of
Food, Sometimes this Bread has been taken out of the Oven, foak’d
in Water, and bak’d again to free it of it’s bad qualities.

Poppy: feeds were likewife in ufe of old, and Flax-feed, though
thought unwholefome, alfo Fenugrec feeds, and Hemp-feeds, on
which I have known. a Woman in An¢gland feed many Months,

Not to {peak of Acorns and Beech-maft, the Food of our Fore-
Fathers, Dates, the Food of many People in Barbary and Arabia,
Figs, Piftachias, the Sevennois in France feed on Chefnuts, the Broth
or Soupe of which] have heard is very nourifhing. oachimus Strup-
pius, in his Book abovementioned, tells us that Bread may be made
of Apples, Citrons, Oranges, Pears, Sloes, Cherries, Sorvices, Al-
monds, Hazelnuts, Heps, Plums, Grapes, Pine-kernels, Bill-ber-
ries, Rasberries, Strawberries, Mulberries, Peaches, Cucumbers,
Melons and Pompions. ‘The Pulp of the Pods of the Carob, or Si-
liqua-tree, in which the Seed lies, is alfo eaten in Italy, and the Bichy
or Buzzee-tree in Guinea, ‘The Fruits of Arbutus, mala infana, tribulus
terrefiris, and Coco, are likewife fed on in the places wherethey grow,
and the latter tran{ported for provifion to other places.

All forts of Skins of Beafts, or Leather, or Things made of them,
Girdles, Shoes, Belts, Shields, ec. are foak’d, and'eaten, in want
of better Food: Mules Flefh, and Buffalos Flefh dry’d and pow-
der’d, Panthers, Bears, Lions, Foxes, Rhinocerots, Bats, large Toads
in New-England, Wolves, Cats, Otters, Badgers and Beavers, Mice,
Tatou and Opoffum ; Bitds of Prey when young, Oxygala, fowr Milk,

or

The Introduction. XXiii

or Bonyclabber, Fifhh-bones, Fortoife-Eggs,Crocodiles, Blood of moft
Animals Periwinckles and F rogs, are eaten in {carcity of other Food.
_ Phe Natural Ii/h, ia fearcity of Grain, live on che Leaves of
Water Creffes, Chambrock or trifolium pratenfe purpureum, Dils,
Sea-Snails, Patelie, and {mall Fifh the Sea-fhores afford on the Ebb.
The like do the Scots in the Weftern-[lands, where they feed on the
Latluca Marina, as in the Welt of England, where’tis called Leaver.
The Scots alfo feed on the firft Leaves of Atriplex Sylveftris falio jinnato
angu/to candicante, called by them Milds. When I was in the South
of France, | was inform’d that the Spani/h Troops in their Neighbour-
hood in Catalonia, in {carcity eat Tallow-Candles, At the Siege-of
London- Derry, the Inhabicants were fupported with Tallow. Ihe
Englifh Sea Peale have fuftained many People in cafes of Famine, and
the Roots of Affragalus Sylvaticus have ferv'd tor the fame purpofe.
In a Famine that {pread over Germany in 1572. in Suevia and Sile/ia,
Bread was made of Reed-Roots, of thofe of Rapunculus, iris, &,
acorus noffras; at the fame time tender Oak Leaves were boil’d in
Hafia, and Children were fed with Grafs and boil’d Hay. I was
told by my good Friend Mr. Guningham, that in Cochinchina is a {mall
Bird, which makes its Neft of a fore of round-leav’d fhore Sea- |
Plant or Fucus, which it diffolves by keeping it in its Crop, and
after wards makes ule of in che building its Nelt againft the Rocks,
Thefe Nefts are eaten in the Eaft-Jndies, where they are in great
efteem as well as in Europe. The Crops of wild Pigeons in the
beginning of the Spring, contain the young Buds of Trees and
Plants, which after Maceration there, is reckoned one of the moft
delicate Sallets or Sauces, and fo are the Infects contained in the Sto-
machs and Guts. of Woodcocks. The. Aottentots eat the {mall Guts
of Cattle and Sheep, with their Contents, after being worn as Brace-
lets about their Necks, and there in part dried. Mecenas was not
the only perfon lov’d Affes Flefh, for in the lace War fome of the
Vaudois that made a Defcent into Dauphine, efteenr'd Alles Foals the
be(t Difh they could get. | once. knew one calt away on a Delert
Mand, who liv’d fometime only on Oifters, Snails of feveral
kinds are eaten with much fatisfaction in Italy and France, for which
reafon the Lord Arundel, left his native Country fhould want them,
t from Bourdeaux, to Afhted near Epfom in Surry, fome live
breed, whole Pofterity remains there in great plenty. In
Krieg has inform’d me, they make places for che breeding
where they are fed with Turnep Tops, we,

The Romans took care. of
as may be feen by thefol- .

brough
ones to
Silefia, Dr.
of Snails at this day,
and carefully prepar’d for the Market.
them formerly after the {ame manner,
lowing paflage.

Varro

ae ~s

XXIV

The Introduction.

es

Varro de re Rustica, lib. 3. cap. 1.4. gives us am account of the ways
of making their Ceclearia, in the following words. Nam w& sdoneus

fub dio fumendus locus coclearus, quem totum circum aqua clandas, ne quas

ibi pofueris ad partum,non liberos earum, fed ipfas queras. Aqua, inquam,
finiende, ne fugitivarins fit parandus. Locus is melior, quem & non co-
quit fol, @& tangit ros. Qut fi naturalis non oft (ut fere non funt in
aprico loco) neque habeas in opaco, ut facias, ut funt fub rupibas ac
montibus, quorum alluant radices lacus ac fluvit, manu facere oportet ro-
feidum : qui fit, fi eduxeris fiftulam, @& in eam manuilas impofuerts te-
nues, que eructent aquam, ita ut in aliquem lapidem incidat, ac late diji-
petur. Parvus tis cibus opus eft, & is fine muujtratore. Et bunc, dum
ferpit, non foliim in area reperit, fed etiam fi rrvms non probibet, in pa-
rietes ftantes invenit. Denique ip[@ exgruminantes ad propalam viam
diu producunt, cum ad eam rem pauca laurea folia interpictant, & afper-
gant furfures non multos. Itaque coquus has yivas an mortias coguat,
plerumque nefcit. Genera coclearum funt plura, nt minute albule, gue
afferuntur é Reatino, @ maxima que de Illyrico apportantur, ¢ medto-
cres, que ex Africa afferuntur. Non quo non in his regionibus quibujdam
locis, ee magnitudinibus non fmt difpariles, nam (x walde ample funt.
Quanquam ex Africa que vocantur folitanne, ita ut in eas 80 quadrantes
conjict poffunt, eo fic im als regionjbus eedem inter fe collate ~~ minores
{unt ac majores. Hae in fetura pariunt innumerabilia, Earum [emen

minutum ac tefta mollt, dinturnitate obdure/cit, magnis infulis in areis factis,
magnum bolum deferunt aris. Flas quoque faginare folent ita, ut ollans

fe) .
cum foraminibus incruftent fapa er farre, ubt pafcantur, que foramina

babeat, ut intrare aer pofit. Vivax enim hac Natura.

Not only places were made for Snails by the Romans, as Parks for
Deer with us, but alfo conveniences were made for Rats to feed, and
be bred for the Table, as appears by what the fame Author cells us
in the next Chapter.

Glirarium autem diffimili-ratione babetur, quod non aqua, fed maceria
locus fepitur, Tota lavi lapide, ant teétorio intrinfecus incruftatur, ne ex
ea erepere poffit. Ineo arbufculas effe oportet, que ferunt glandem: qua,
cum fruétum non ferunt, intra maceriam jacere oportet glandem t= caftane-
am unde faturi fant. Facere bis cavos oportet laxtores, ubi pullos parere
poffint. Aquam effe tenuem, quod ea non utuntur multum, ¢& aridum b-
cum querunt, Eds faginantur in doliis, qua etiam in villis habent multi,
que figuli faciunt, multo aliter atque alia, quod in lateribus corum femitas
factunt, ~ cavum, ubi cibum conftituant. Inboc dolium addunt glandem,
aut nuces juglandes, aut caftaneam. Quibus in tenebris, cum cumulatim

pofitum eft in doliis, fiunt pingues.

All thefe feveral and vaftly differing Bodies; which, whenno
other are at hand, muft be the Food of Mankind in the places
where they are produced, are not only digefted by the Artifice of
\ Nature

REE Acero Se ee ne de eomone oenert

Xxv

The Introdudiion.

Nature into good Suftenance to repair its Lofles, and propagate irs
Kind, but likewife, however ftrange to us, are very greedily foughr
after by thofe us’d to them. . Thus Perfons not us’d to eat Whales,
Squirrils, or Elephants, would think them a ftrange Difh ; yet thofe
us’d tothem, prefer them to other Victuals, 7

Men and Women, who have not fo nice a Smell as fome Beafts, nor
Faculties to diftinguifh by cheir Senfes what is wholefome Food fo well
as they, were mosey {hort of them in this particular, were it not
for Providence, and the due ufe of their Reafon. It was fome Matter
of wonder to me, to think how fo many People, perhaps one fourth
Part of the Inhabitants of the whole Earth, fhould come to venture
to eat Bread, made only by baking the Koot of Caffada, which is
one of the rankeft Poifons in the World, both to Man and Beaft,
when Raw. Though, I muft confefs, there is an Inftance in feveral

anunculi, common in our Meadows, which when green, Blifters and
Ulcerates the Flefh, and are us’d for chat purpole by fturdy Beggars,
to excite Compaflion ; thefe are not touch’d by Cartel, but left ftand-
ing in the Fields; and yet, (asl am told) fed on greedily by all
forts of Cattel, when only dry’d into Hay. ‘There is an Inftance
alfo of this in the Roots or Leaves of Arum, of waich maay kinds,
uncommon to Europe, are eaten, when dry’d and prepar’d, as Colo-
cafia, ~c, and even the Roots of the common ones ate eaten in Italy,
when dry’d into a Flower, and made into Bread, though every body
knows the great Acrimony they have when Raw. I was fomewhat
likewife furpriz’d to fee Serpents, Rats and Lizards, fold for Food,
and that to underftanding People, and of a very good and nice Pa«
late. But what of all thefe chings was moft unufual, and to my
great Admiration, was the great Efteem was fet on a fort of
Cofi, or Timber-Worms, call’d Cotton-Tree-Worms, by the Negros
and Indians ; the one the Original Inhabitants of Africa, the others
of America. ‘

The Negros and Indians are not the only Admirers of thefe Ver-
mine, for I find the moft polite People in the World, the Romans living
in a Neighbouring Country, accounted them fo great a Dainty, as to.
feed them with Meal, and endeavour breeding them up. That
they were commonly known and ufed, is likely from the word Coffus,
Feftus tell us, uled to fignifie, one lazy or flow, like Worms: and
a confiderable Family at Rome, from the Wrinkles and Furrows in
their Face was call’d Coffutia.

Pliny, where he {peaks of the Difeafes of Trees, lib. 17. cap. 24:
fays thus, Vermiculantur magis minufve quedam, omnés tamen feré : idque
ayes cavi corticis Jono experiuntur. Jam quidem eo in boc luxuria effe cepit :
pragrandefque roborum delicatiores funt in cibo: coffos vocant, atque etiam
farina fagmati hi quoque altiles fiunt. cannot find any mention

CB) made

ee eee

eens contains bene cena
ena

At hoe a
ghee Se eee eS ER
mene earn ee NOES

xxv The Introdutitor.

~-

made of them in Apicius de re culinaria: but nies ae a |
inus, in his Antig. Lectiones, cells us, that P bryges ~ HLS CUM
bidos, obefofque, capite nigricante, qui € cariofis premuitur matertis, ster
delicias habent, ac xylopbagia comediffe luxursa eft. And 4lian de gs
malibus, in the 14. Book, Chap. 13. p. 817. bas to this purpole this
paflage. Inter catera animalinm natira propria hoc guoque non ee"
Indorum rex fecundis menfis er bellariis nan ufdem deiettatur quibus Gi ach,
gui palmarum pumilarumn fruias expetunt. At ille bermem ae
planta quadam nafcentem fecundis men is sone tofinm adbibet, ( and Io the
Indiaus and Negros in Jamaica eat chem at tats Day ) fuavifiinium Gut
dem illum in Indi aiunt, @& eornm qui guftaverunt nonnulli afferunt, quibus
ego fidem babuerim, . a

Alfo, John de Mandeville tells us, that in a certain Iland call’d
Talache, were, vermes fimiles iis, qut in lignis putridis exiftunt, bofane
principibus in menfis apponi. ae

Likewile St. Fiierom in his fecond Book againft Jovian in che fecond
Tome of his Works, Fraicfort Edit. p. 53. has this Paflage to this
purpole; namely, In Ponto e Phrygia vermes albos w obefos, quis
nigello capite funt, to nafcuntur in lignorum carie, pro magnis redi-
tibus paterfamilias exigit. Et quomodo apud nos Attagen > ficedula,
mullus (> fcarus in deliciis computantur, ita apud illos Evro¢aney come-
diffe luxuria eft.

Ariftotle does extremely extol young foft Cicade, and has been at
the Pains in his Hiftory of Animals, totell us, chat the time to kill
them to the beft Advantage, is the Males ante coitum, and the Females
after, when they are moft favoury. 3

Atheneus {peaks of a Marriage-Dinner, where one of the greateft
Difhes were Cicade falted and dried.

As tor Locufts or Grafhoppers, ‘tis moft certain, that as they are
a Curle co fome Places, by devouring the Fruits of che Earth, fo they
are a great Bleffing to others, where the Inhabitants feed on them, and
are deftitute of other Provifions. They are only dry’d in an Oven,
and fo kept, or powder’d and mixt with Milk, and
told, by thofe usd to them, they eat like Shrimps.

Lopex de Gomara tells us ( Fit. general de tas Indias, cap. 69. ) thac
after the Wef?-Indians (in the Continent about Santa Martha ) had
been overcome by the Spaniards, they found many Baskets of Provi-
hons the Indians had gathered to Traffick with the People furcher
within Land: the Provifions were thefe Cangrejos, Land-Crabs, which
burrough in the Ground like Rabbets, feed on Vegetables, and far
exceea ours in tafte, Caracoles fin cafcara, or naked Snails. Cicada,
of which before, grillos Crickets, eo langoftas de las que defiriyen los
panes fecas y Salados, Locutts or Grafhoppers,

» as I have been

After

if

Ae A me oe te

tLe IntroduGion. XXKVI

Afcer what has been faid, it will feem very ftrange that the fame
Author, who has given one of the beft Accounts of the Indies, in the
fame Book, Chap. 219. fays, that the Indians of America were made
and declared Slaves to the Spaniards, for thefe Reafons that they eat
Piojos, and Gufanos (our very Cofi before-mentioned from che cor-
rupted word Cufi) Crudos, that they intoxicated themfelves with their
Kinds of Wines, that is of Maiz, ¢c. and {moak of Tobacco, and
that they were without Beards, and if they had any grew, they
pluck’d them out. Thefe Reafons, though appearing {mall, yet were
the only Pretences, according to their own Hiftorians, of driving them
to Slavery in Mines, where the greateft part of them perifhed.
And if any compaffionate Perfon oppos'd thele inhuman Proceedings,
fuch was the Power of Intereft, as to bring him fpeedily to the
like end, as appears by the fad Story of Bartholomea de las Cafas.

The moft common Drink here is Water. ’*Yis reckoned the
moft wholefome Drink by many, amongft whom I am one. Tis
a common Cuftom to drink a large Draught of Water ia the

Morning here, which is thoughr to prevent the Belly-ach; it may.
very well be, in that not only icmay cool the inam’d Blood, creating”

a Rhumatifm, (very often taken for, and almoft always join’d with
the true Belly-ach,) but that alfo ic may clear the Guts of fome
fower, or fharp parts that may lie in them, the Relicks of Lime-
juice, or other Heterogeneous or Morbifick Matter lodg’d in any of
their Cells, and ‘tis the more proper for this, in that ‘cis a Menfl uum
very fit to diffolve, as well as dilute all faline and acid Sub{tances,
and that ic may by its fluidity run into every corner of thefe Paflages
through which it muft go. And cherefore in large quantities drank,

it may be affirm’d to be che beft Counter Poilon.
The Spitle, and Excretions of the Glandule of the Ventricle and

Guts, are known to be the chief diffolvents of on Victuals, to
which Water, by its Analyfis, feems to be next a kin, Ic diffolves
all forts of Food, making them foft, and intoaGelly (which parts
Nature feems to want) whereas Wine is for thofe Gelatias a very
improper, if not impoflible Menfirunm, “Tis every where ready at
hand to all Mankind, and all Sanguineous Animals coming near the
Stru@ture of Mankind, make ufe of no other with their good wills.
Water when put into the Stomach, diflolves what ever is noutifhable
in our Viétuals, carries it chrongh the Vewe Lattee into the Blood, ine
creafes the Lympha, to dilute the Chy!e, and chen goes off without
leaving any Heterogeneous parts in the Blood or Stomach, whereas
Wine or vinous Liquors do not that. Negros, Indians, Mabumetans,
and a great partof Mankind know not the ule of this Wine or vinous

Liquors, and yet look frefher, aud are much healthier than we. The
a oe Northern

— —se3

m&

enn

XXVIII The Lntroduciton.

Northern Natiens, Goths, and Vandals, who by their Numbers and
Strength overcame moft Parts of the World, ended not their Victories
‘till by coming over the Alps they tafted and drank the Wines,
whence they ftop’d their Conquefts, became Effeminate, and not
Fruitful.

Madera Wine is the next moft general Drink mixt with Water; ‘cs
very ftrong, and a fort of Xeres or Sherry; “tis of two forts, the Whice
ufually the ftrongeft, tho’ thought not to keepfolong, and therefore
not usd fo much, or the Red Wine made of the White, with fome
tinto or deep Red Wine put co it, which may preferve it, The Wines
from the Weftward Ifles are thought unwholefome, both becaufe of
the Grapes and mixture of Lime, Jeffo, or Plaifter, in making.
The longer or fhorter time that Wine made of Red Grapes ftays fer-
menting with the Husk, the more or lefs itis ting’d, and the longer
or fhorter time it will keep, and the more or l\efs it is Auftere or
Stiptick, The Virgine Wine, which has but a very fmall time ftood
on the Husks, foon is ready for drinking and fine, and foon Spoils ;
that which has a greater Tincture keeps longer, as being impregnated
with fome parts of the Husk, as hop’d Beer keeps longer than Ale ;
and that fore of Oil which has ftood longer with the Rind and
Scone of the Olives, keeps much longer than that call’d Virgin Oil
which has not been falted. Madera Wines have this particular to
them, different from French Wines, and all others coming hither,
that it keeps better in a hot Place, and expos’d to the Sun, than in
a cool Cellar ; whereas the other Wines brought hither muft be kepe
cool, and will for all that remain but a {mall time without being
prickt and turning fower.

Syder, Beer and Ale, do not keep well here, they huff, and fly
in this ftrange Climate, and few Casks are opened with any of thefe
Liquors bottled, where they are not broken at leaft one third of
them ; but Mum keeps very well.

The {mall Beer coming hither is ufually faid to be brew’d with
Barbados Aloes inftead of Hops, the one being cheaper than the other.

The common Drink of London, that is Beer and Ale, alone or mixt,
is very much coveted here, the Beer is often fowerifh, and the Ale
is generally too {weat and heavy, the one too old, and the other not
well wrought (hence, as [have heard, few belonging to a Brew-
houfe will tafe any Ale ) whence it fhould feem to drink thefe Li-
quors {hould be very unhealthy. And yet more to drink {mall
Beer, which is the fecond or third running off of the Male, whence
it muft come that a great many Feculencies remain in the Blood.
Notwithftanding all this, ’tis certain our Fore-fathers, who drunk thefe

Liquors for common drink, lived to as great an Age with as much
Health as we.

There

ae dare Introduction. | Xxix

‘There {cemis, to be, two. great. evils following the exceffive ufe of
vinous Liquors ; one the Dileafes they caufe in the Head; the other
their.inflaming of, the Blood ; befides. the Naufea the Phiegmatick
parts, occafion in. the Stomach, or the Hiccough there caus‘d by their
fharpnels, always following chofe, who have drunk much, Some of
thefeevils are the effects, of the {pirituous. parts of. vinous Liquors,
and_the others. the. effects of the Caput.Mortanm, which remains after
Diftillation, of vinous, Liquars. in, the bottom of the Still without
rifing, and is a. very naufeous. fubftance.

Gool Drink.made of Moloflus.and Water, Perino, Corn Drink,
Cane.Drink, that made, of. Sorrel or Pines, are, all accounted un-
wholefom, they turning fower in twelve or twenty four hours, and
owing. their, ftrength to.the Sugar, and: Fermentation they are put in-
to, Although. have known fome people drink nothing elle, and
yet have their, Health very well. |

— Acajon, Wine, made of, the, Fruit fo called, is very ftrong, keeps
rh ee and caules. vomiting ; ‘cis reckoned a good, remedy in the
Drophie....

_ Plantain Drink is, :ftronger, than, any, of the, others, except Acajon
Wine, though fubject to grow fower in a fhort time.

For the better underftanding what thefe Drinks are, it will not be
amis to {¢t.down the. way of making, fome.of them here, relerving
the way of preparing others to their. proper places.

To make cool Drink, Take. three Gallons of fair water, more
than a Ping of Moloffus, mix them together ina Jar; it works in
twelve hours: time.fufficiently, put co ica little more Moloffus, and
immedjarely Bouleit, in fix houys time *tis ready.to drink, and in a
day it is turn'd, fowr.

To make Pering,..a Drink much. uled here, and in Gujana, ot
Surinam, and many other.places,... Take)a Cake of, bad Caffada Bread,
about a Foot over, and half an Inch thick, burnt black on one fide,
break it to pieces, and put it to fteep in two Gallons of water, letit
ftand open in a Tub twelve. hours, then add co it the froth of an
Egg, and three Gallons, more.water, and one. pound. of Sugar, let
ic work twelve hours, and Bottle it;. ic will keep good tor a week,

The common _fuddling ‘Liquor.of the more ordinary fort is Rum-
Punch, tothe compofition ot.which goes Rum, Water, Lime-juice,
Sugar, and a lite Nutmeg fcrap'd on the top of it. This as ‘tis
very ftrong, fo ‘tis fower, and being made ufually of the Sugar-
Por-botcomis, is very. unhealthy, and becaule ‘tis cheap, Servants, and
other of the poorer fore are very.eafily fuddled. with it, when they
come from their Matters. Plantations, this,as all other vinous Spirits,
puts them into a faft Sleep, whereby they fall off their Hoxfes in go-
ing home, angi lie fometumes whole nights expos’d to the injuries of

¢h) the

aa

XXX

The Introduction.

——_-?

the Air, whereby they fall in time into Confumptions, Drop-
fies, exc. if they mils Apoplectic Fits.

Rum is made of Cane-juice not fit to make Sugar, being eaten
with Worms ina bad Soil, or through any other tault ; or of the
Skummings of the Coppers in Crop time, or of Moloffus and wa-
ter fermented about fourceen days in Cifterns, and then diftill’d off,
of which an account will be given hereafter, It feems to be much the
fame with Rack, or Arac (made in the Eaft- Indies of Rice) and other
vinous Spirits, the Creatures of Fermentation, and has an unfavoury
Empyreumatical fcent, which is endeavour’d to be taken off b
Reétification, mixing Rofemary with it, or after double Diftilling
Jetting it ftand under Ground in Jars.

They talk of a common Experiment here, that any Animals Li-
ver put into Rum grows foft, and not fo in Brandy, whence they
argue this laft lefs wholefome than that, but their Experiment, if
true, proves no fuch thing. I think ic may be faid to have all
good and bad qualities of Brandy, or any fermented or vinous Spirit.

It is, and may be usd outwardly, inftead of Alungary-water, in
Aches, Pains, exc. efpecially that which is double diftill’d.

The better fort of People lie as in England, though more on
Quilts, and with few, if any Coverings; they hold here that lying
expos‘d to the Land Breezes, is very unhealthy, which I do not be-
lieve to come fo much from the qualities of the Air, either mani-
feft or more obfcure, as from this, that the Air is, when one goes
to fleep kege,very hot, the Sun beams having heated it fo long, ic
retains this heat for fome confiderable time in the night, which after-
wards wearing away, it grows towards morning very cold, and
affects one fo much as by the coldnefs fometimes to awake one if
fleeping, This muft of neceffity check infenfible tran{piration, and
fo may be the caufe of many Difeafes. To avoid this, Negros and
Indians fleep not without a Fire near them.

Hlamacas are the common Beds of ordinary white People, they
were in ufe amongft the Indians, and are much cooler than Beds. {fo
cool as not to be lain in without Clothes, efpecially if fwung, asis
ulually the cuftom here. This fort of Bed is very proper for People
troubled with Rhumatifms, or inflam’d Blood, as alfo thofe who
have any great defluxion on any part of their Legs or Thighs ; alfo
for Women with Child in danger of Mifcarriage, the high lying or

-pofition of the: parts, the Heels being up as high as the Head, fa-

vouring this. “Tis a very good way, and eafie for a fick Perfon to
be carried in one of thefe from place to place by four Men, as is the
Cuftom of the better fort of people in Guinea.

Indians

oe. TET en ETE.

Ne CEES ORES EE a ROT BA AE RETA I ID os et

The datreduction. XXX]

re res

mae = wa a

Oe eR SN,

Indians and Negroes lie on the Floors, moft generally on Mats
made of Bull-rufhes, oydinary Rufhes, Ribs of Plantain Leaves,
or the Spathe, or Vagine of Cabbage-tree-Flowers, with very little
or no coverings, and a {mall Fire near them ia their Cottages. Hence
they and ordinary white Servants, who lie not in Beds, arenot {aid
to go to Bed, but to goand Sleep : and this Phrafe has generally
obtain’d all over the Plantations,

Beds are fometimes covered all over with Gauze to hinder the
Mo/quites or Gnats from buzzing about, biting or awaking thofe ly-
ing inthem. ‘Thisis chiefly after Rain.

Ic is efteem’d here the wholefomeft way to go to Bed early,
and rile early. |

The heat of the Air exhaufting the Spirits, no wonder if fome of
the edge of Mankind co Venery be taken off; it is thought by fome
Men, that they are bewitch’d or charm’d by the Air; by others
that that defire in Women by this heat: is Augmented, but | believe.
neither; for what I could find by feveral People this Appetite is the
fame as in other places, neither are men more bewitch’d or chard
here than in Europe; but I believe People being here more debauch’d
than in Angland, the Confequences may be more taken notice of ;
and Tam ape to think that a great many Dropfies may come from
this, nothing depauperating the Blood like excefiive Venery. I
once faw a very great Dropfie fall ona ftrong young man, occafioned
by one nights very exceflive debauchery.

Exercifes here are not many, becaufe of the heat of the Air ; riding
in the mornings is the moft ordinary, which by its eafie moving the
Abdomen, and to confequently its Contents, and by that means for-
warding the depuration of the Blood in the feveral Emanéfories there
plac’d, has a very great power in keeping a Man in found Health,
as well as recovering a Man when fickly and ill,

_ The Paffions of the Mind have a very great power on Mankind
here, efpecially Hyfterical Women, and Hypochondriacal Men.
Thefe cannot but have a great fhare in the caule of feveral Difeafes,
{ome of the People living here being in fuch Circumftances , as
not to be able, to live eafily elfewhere: add to this, that there are
not wanting fome, as every where elfe, who have been of bad Lives,
whereby their minds are difturb’d, and their Difeafes, if not render’d
Mortal, yet much worfe to cure than thofe who have fedate Minds
and clear Confciences. On che fame account it is that thofe who
have not their Willis, Minds, and Affairs fettled, in Diftempers are
much worfe to be curd chan other Men. On all which refpects the
Cc a Indtans

The Iniroductioi.

XXXII 8

who are not covetous, nor trouble themlelves about many

Indians,
have much advantage of us,

things we do,

Froft or Snow are never feen in this hot Climate, but fometimes
Hail, and that very large, of which during my being here I {aw one
inftance, ic comes with very great Norths, which reach with great
violence to the South-fide, and throw down every thing before them,

The Dews here ate fo great, asin the morning to drop down
from the Leaves of Trees, as if ic had rain’d ; they fall moft in che
morning when cooleft. One riding in the night perceives the great-
nefs of the Dews, for he will find his Cloths, Hair, exc. very wer
in a {mall time.

There are few, if any Fogs, in the Plains or fandy places near the
Sea, only in mornings over moift places, as Rivers, Ponds, we. there
rifes a great Fog; but inthe Inland parts, as Sixteen-Miles-Walk,
Magotty Savanna, ec, are great Fogs every morning moft part of
the year, which are clear’d up as the Sun rifes, or Sea-Breeze begins
to blow. Although thefe Fogs are as above, yet the People living
there are efteemed healthy.

Rains are here very violent and lafting when they come, the drops
are very large, probably from the Clouds breaking ; it being ob-
fervable, that if one pour water out of any Veflel,. che higher ‘tis
from the Ground the {maller will the Drops be. The Rainbow
here is as frequent as any where in times of Rain. |

According to the different Pofitions of the places, fo the Rains
are more or lefs violent, and come at different times ; but generally
{peaking, the two great rainy Seafons are in May and Offober, in whicft
Months, at new or full Moon, they begin, and continue day and
night fora whole fortnight with great violence; fo that the Earth in
all level places is laid under water for fome Inches, and it becomes
loofe fora great many Inches deep, and fo confequently the Roads
are almoft unpaflable. In the Town of St. Jago de la Vega, in thofe
rainy Seafons, I was forced to ride on Horfeback, although but from
door to door, to vifit the Sick. And thefe Seafons, as they are
call’d, from their being fit to Plant in, are generally fo over the
whole I{land, though taey are much alter’d in their time and violence
of late years, which ariles from the clearing much of the Country
of Wood. } |

In the month of January is likewile expected a Seafon or Rain,
but chis is not fo conftant nor violent as are the other two, and
probably may come from the violent Norths, at that time patling
over the Mountains, with part of their Rains with them, for

In

The Introduction. XXXili

moe

ro ne

In the North-fide of this land Rai :
| ains in that Month
m itd frequent and violent, coming along with great Winds oie
neverthelefs feldom pals the Hills, or ridge of Mountains running

through the middle of the Ifland, fo that very often the Seafons of the:

ine are st ips from thofe of the other.

or all the Summer-months, or when the Sun ig ; )

| : 1€ Sun is near |
Sas Heads, or indeed almoftthe whole year round, Ue Na
af a on fome part of the Ridge of Mountains running through
the Iland, wich Thunder and Lightning. Thefe Rains feldom

reach two or three Miles into the Plains ; wherefore on the account

of thefe Rains, the Valleys lying very near, or amongft the Moun-

tains, have more Seafons, and are more fertile than the Plains farther
off, which, if they have any Rain, it is but the Outskirts of that
inthe Mountains, and therefore inconfiderable. |

Atother times of the year, fometimes for three or four days toge-
ther there may be a Shower about Twelve, or four a-Clock in the
Afternoon, which only ferves to moiften the furface of the Ground
without any profic,

It will be neceffary for the better underftanding of thefe
Things, to give a Fournal of the Weather, obferved by
me at St. Jago de la Vega m Jamaica.

from thence to night a dead

May 1688. Calm ; in the evening a very
ye great Dew.
2. Great Sea-Breeze all] 5. No Breeze in the morning,

day, begins in the] which begins at one or two

morning early; no Land-Breeze by the Clock after noon.
the night before. 6. The Breeze is great, and lafts
3. A great Sea-Breeze all day,| till lace in che night.
begins abouit nine or ten in the} 7. The Breeze is moderate.
morning; in the firft part of| 8. The Breeze is pretty ftrong.
the night a great EHalo about} 9. No Breeze till two or three
the Moon. in the afternoon.
4. In the morning early a Sea-}10. A great Sea-Breeze, but at
_ Breeze pretty great, about Ele-| Twelve, Rain with Thunder
ven in the morning Thunder) came with the Land-Wind,
in the Mountains wich Rain;| and no Breeze after.
a litle of both came to us,{11- A Sea-Breeze , and about

with the Land-Winds, and| Twelve, Rain from the Moun-
: (i) 42 rains

XXXIV

The Introductioi.

~

tains with Thunder, after which |

no Breeze.

12. A frefh Sea-Breeze till night,
very hot evenings and morn-|

25. A very ftrong Breeze, fome
Rain in the night.

26. A great Breeze, no Rains;
Quotidians, or every day Agues,

ings; moft people are broke very frequent.

13. Agreat Sea-Breeze,
14. I went to Port-Royal, the Sea-

aa
Breeze came in the morning
about nine or ten; yefterday,

by it’s violence ic had broke a

Guinea Ships Cable, and fet her

adrift.

15. A great Breeze and Thun-
der with Rain in the Moun-
tains.

16. About nine the Breeze role,
it was moderate confidering the
time of the Moon.

17. A great Sea-Breeze, Thun-
der with Rain in the Moun:
tains, |

18. A moderate Sea-Breeze, 'to-
wards noon Thunder, and
two great Showers,

19. A Sea-Breeze, moderate, but
no Rain. |

20. Little or no Breeze, great
Lightning laft night, with
Thunder towards the Sea in

Se eee

the morning.

21. A Little Rain in the morn-
ing, no Breeze till the after-
noon, then a great Sea-Breeze
with abundance of Rain, but
no Thunder nor Lightning ,
the Rain lafted till fix ‘at
night,

22. A great Sea-Breeze, no Rain.

23. Amoderate Breeze, Rain to.
wards the evening, it con-
tinues all night with great
Thunder.

24. A pretty trong Breeze.

'28. A great Breeze.

out with Puftles in their Skins. 27. A great Breeze, no Rain, but

pretty cool weather.

Coming
from Port-Royal our Boat out-
fail’d, or went falter chan the
Breeze.

29. No Rain, but a great Breeze.

30. A pretty large Breeze, with
Rain in the Mountains.

31. A great Sea-Breeze,

Fune 1688.
ve Moderate Breeze.
Zz. A great Sea-Breeze.

3. A great Sea-Breeze,

4. A great Sea- Breeze.

5- A moderate Sea-Breeze, it
continued the moft part of the
night. :

6. A great Sea-Breeze, it begins
late.

7. A moderate Sea- Breeze, it
begins late.

8. A moderate Sea-Breeze.

9. The’ Breeze begins very Late.

to, A very eafie Sea-Breeze, if
any at all.

tt. Rain about four and five this
morning, no Breeze all day,
towards the evening one from
the Land.

12. Little or no Breeze from the
Sea in the morning, towards
twelve a Clock a very great
one, with Rain in the evening.

13. Rain

The Introduction.

83. Rain this morning, no Breeze,
but a Sea Breeze, with Rain
towards the evening.

14. The moft part of laft night
a great Sea Breeze, with fome
litle Rain in the morning, a-
bout eight a great Rain, it
continued all day to rain and
blow from the Sea alcerna-
tively,

15. This morning fair, but no
Breeze cill cowards Noon, and
then very moderate.

16. No Breeze in the morning,
but towards Noon a pretty
{trong one from the Sea.

17. A pretty great Sea Breeze,
Rain with Thunder in the
Mountains.

18, in the morning Thunder,
with Rain from the Sea, a
pretty large Breeze towards
Noon, fair all day after, with
a moderate Breeze from the
Sea.

19, A moderate Breeze towards
ten, and about Noon it was
very {trong with Thunder and
Rain inthe Mountains,

20. A moderate Sea Breeze.

21. Avery great Breeze from the
Sea:

22. A moderate Sea, Breeze till
night, chen a very violent one,
with Rain from the Sea,

23. Avery great Sea Breeze,in the
evening one from the Land,

24. A very great Sea Breeze,

25. A moderate Sea Breeze,

26, A very {mall Sea Breeze.

27. Avery moderate Sea Breeze.

28. Avery great Sea Breeze.

29. A moderate Sea Breeze.

30. A moderate Sea Breeze.

Fuly 1638.
2, Very great Sea Breeze.
3. A very great Sea
Breeze.

4. A very great Sea Breeze till
towards two inthe Afternoon,
then Showers of Rain,

5. A moderate Breeze, Rain a-
bout Noon from the Moun- .
tains, |

6. A moderate Breeze, with
Rain cowards Noon.

7. Amoderate Breeze.

8. Amoderate Preeze.

g. A very ealie Breeze, with Sul-
try uneafie weather,towards the
evening Thunder with Rain
in the Mountains.

10, A very moderate Breeze.

11. Amoderate Breeze, Rain in
the afternoon from the Sea,
with two very heavy Showers
in the night.

12. A moderate Breeze , with
Thunder and Rain ‘in the
Mountains, and the tail of a
Shower in ‘Town.

13. Amoderate Sea Breeze.

14. A moderate Sea Breeze.

15. A moderate Sea Breeze,

16. A very great Sea Breeze,
with Thunder in the Moun-
tains.

17. Agreat Sea Breeze.

©8. Avery ftrong Sea Breeze.

19. A very great Sea Breeze.

20. A very moderate Sea Breeze,
with overcaft cloudy weather.
21. A moderate Sea Breeze,which
continues pretty ftrong till nine

at night.
22. Very

XXXV

a ee er ee

XXXVI

The Introduction. |

22. Very lictle or no Breeze, this
day cloudy, and overcaft, to-
wards the evening a Breeze
from the Sea which Jafts cll
nine at night.

22. Little or no Breeze, overcaft,
thick, cloudy and fulery wea-
cher.

24. Little or no Breeze, overcaft,
hot, cloudy weather.

25. Little or no Sea Breeze, over-|
caft fultry weather.

26. Little or no Sea Breeze, over-
caft fultry weather, extreamly
hot and uneafie. 1 was at chis
time Sick my felf.

27. Little or no Sea Breeze, ful-
try weather. Fainting fits are
very common.

28. Very little Sea Breeze, unea-
fie weather.

29. Very little Sea Breeze, the
fame uneafinels.

30. A modeeare Sea Breeze.

31. A great Sea Breeze,

Auguft 1688.

Great Sea Breeze.

2. A Great Sea Breeze,
hoc. between the Sea and
Land Breeze, a little Shower.

3- Amoderate Sea Breeze,

4: A moderate Sea Breeze.

5. A moderate Sea Breeze, hot
between the Sea and the Land |
Breeze, the Breeze blows ar
at Port Royal all night.

6. A moderate Sea Breeze,

7. A moderate Sea Breeze. .

8, A moderate Sea Breeze, ve-
ry hot, and few people per-
fe&tly well, Loofneffes in the
night common.

g. A moderate Sea Breeze, which
continues till eight or nine at
night.

10. A moderate Sea Breeze, blows
late.

nt. A great Sea Breeze, wich one
Shower from the Mounrains,
and another from the Sea in the
afternoon.

12. Avery eafie Sea Breeze, with
Rain in the afternoon.

13. A very eafie Sea Breeze, with
Rain in the afternoon.

14. A very {mall Sea Breeze, with
no Rain, though fultry wea-
ther.

5- Lite or no Sea Breeze,
fome, though lictle Rain, with
much Thunder, Plants begin
to bud.

16. Extream hor, little or no

Breeze from the Sea.

17. Little or no Sea Breeze, very
hot, Quotidians common fill,
Thunder wich Rain in the af-
ternoon.

i8. A moderate Sea Breeze,
Thunder with Rain from the
mountains in the afternoon.

19. Amoderate Sea Breeze, Thun-
der and Lightning all night,
without Rain.

20. A little after day break
yefterday morning an Earth-
quake was taken notice of at
Point or Port Royal, and Li-
guanee, a moderate Sea Breeze
blew this day,

21, A Moderate Sea Breeze, with
fome Rain in the afternoon.
22. A moderate Sea Breeze,

it wascloudy in the afternoon.

23. A great Sea Breeze.

24. A moderate Sea Breeze,

25.4

The Introduction,

25. A moderate Sea Breeze. _

26. A moderate Sea Breeze, in
the afternoon {ome Rain.

27. A great Rain.

28, Fair weather, with. a very
eafie Breeze.

29. A fmall Sea “ay Rain
with Thunder. .

30. A very great Shower, with}

Rain.in the afternoon...
Thefe,jaft four days. obferved
the Weather at, Mr, Elletfon’s
. Plantation.in, Liguanee, and at
, My xeturn, to St. Jago de la Ve-

-(Pay,1 was told it:,had rained |

,, there but one ay of the tour.

} Sipeonber' G88. |

Ain: at Lignanee, with}
4 moderate Breeze

> hae

from. the Sea, andvafter froma

the Mountains.
2. A‘ moderate “Sea: Breeze, 1 no:

Rain, very much: clouded, 24, !

faloty weathers) oe, A os
3. An ieafie Sea-.: ‘Breezes che
weather makes the .:
- fomefhatfainafh, Canals as are]
frequent. O73
“Ao A very: great Sti: Breezts
5- An eafie Sea Breeze , vith |
fome, drops of, Rain in the
afternoon: = “2888S
* 6. A great Dew, in the morn-
ing early gecting” On; i age
back, after .:day: ‘light”

Periwig -and ;-Cloths ae

‘throughly :weet, swith, it /betore

-Suni aifing, 3’ moderate ‘Sea )

- Breeze, ;
7. Amoderate Sea. wiccieeety |
cool i in the night.

i

le};

8. A very moderate Sea Breeze.
g. Avery eafie Sea-Breeze, - in
the afternoon a great guft of
wind. from the North; with
fome {mall Showers, ue. night
following there. was much
Lightning, Thunder, and Rain.
1o. About ten or lance aClock
great Rain, witha Sea: Brezee.
ai. Inthe morning a pretty great
Sea’ Breeze after Rain,» whicly
came in the night before with
Thunder. With che Breeze
this. day‘ ‘came Raimsx which
was very! violent allday,
12. This morning: by four vit be-
gan to Rain, and continued
till eight in the morning, then
fairtilnight
3. ibis day (mall Rains, with
dry weather-berween. &
14, Small Rains; :with diy. Wwea-
ther between the Showers.
15. A- moderate Sea:Breezes .«
46. Avery great Sea Breeze, with
a Shower in the Mountains a-
1 bour twelve, 2
17. A moderate Sea Brisobie povich
Rain from» the: ‘Mountains a-
| bourine‘of ‘the'Clocky: /. .*

118. A moderate Sea Breeze} Ayvith

Rain from the Sea about ait
Or nineinthe mornings. .o
19, Laft night Showers ‘and £5
“Breeze? - facie this! gem the

fame,:.2¢ Ot 8
20. Mery: eid ‘Raike! “fron tke
» Sea: alliday, swith: fometimes
great Winds, ;
21. Rain sos ‘Showers acess
tively)» 23108 OF 2
22. A great Seah Breet, with
*/Thunder:and Rain’ ts the:
_ Mountains, and fome drops

_ here. (k) 23. In

XXXVII

XXXV

The Introduction.

iil

23. In the mornig Rain, and fo|13. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze.
continues till three of the|14. A ftrong Sea Breeze.
Clock.

24. A modetate Sea Breeze.

25. Amoderate Sea Breeze, with.
out Rain all day.

26. Avery freth Breeze from the
Sea all day.

27. A moderate Sea Breeze with-
out Rain.

28. Little or no Breeze, but a
great many Gnats or Mofqui-
tos.

29. A moderate Sea Breeze.

30. A moderate Sea Breeze, and
very hot weather.

Oftober 1688.

iF Moderate Sea Breeze
with very hot wea-

ther... |
2. A moderate Sea Breeze, with
Thunder and Rain in th
Mountains.

3. A Sea Breeze with Thunder
and Rain, very hot.

4: A very eafie Breeze.

5- Amoderate Sea Breeze, with

a Sea Wind, and:

bout noon. ><:

6. A moderate Sea' Breeze, with |

Rain:at noon. ©

eee, ed

great Rain from the Sea.
$. Great Rain from the Sea.

9» No Sea Breeze, nor from the
Land.

L0.No Breeze, but fair.
11. No Breeze, but a great deal
| of Rain all day,

12 = pretty ftrong Sea Breeze,but

—v

“~

—_

great Rain a-

y~ A moderate Sea Breeze, with :

15. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze.

16. Fair weather with a Sea
Breeze.

17. A {mali Sea Breeze with fair
weather.

18. Going over the Mountains,
between the North and South
fides of this Ifland, at the Mo-
neque Savanna ¥ met with a
Breeze from the North Sea.
I continued in the North fide
of the Ifland from this day to
the twenty third, where it
was fair weather, then returned
to the South fide.

t9, A Breeze from the Sea.

23. A fair day with a {mall Sea
Breeze,

24. A Sea Breeze with fome
Rain.

25. Fair weather, with a {mall
Sea Breeze.

26. A Sea very eafie Breeze.

27. Apretty ftrong Sea Breeze.

28. A pretty {trong Sea Breeze,
with a great Shower. in the
night.

30. A pretty flrong Sea Breeze.

31. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze,

| with greac Rain after Sun-fer.

November 1688.
1. Very ftrong Sea
A Breeze.
2. A {trong Sea Breeze:
3. A very ftrong Sea Breeze, with
Rain in the Mountains in che

afternoon, Tertians and Qyo-
tidtans are very cCOmmon.

4. A

a ,

The Introduttion. XXXIX

_—-

4. A ftrong Sea Breeze, Rain

from the Mountains in the
afternoon.

5. The Weather very hot, in the
forenoon fcarce any Breeze,
but Rain in che afternoon:

6. A great deal of Rain in the

morning till about noon, then
fair afterwards,

7. Very hot, in the morning no
Breeze. |

8, A pretty confiderable Breeze
with fair weather.

9. Little or no Breeze, and very
hot. |

10, Very hot, with little or no
Breeze till the afternoon, then
it was ftrong.

an. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze,

12. A pretty {trong Sea Breeze.

13. A very ftrong Sea Breeze.

14. A very ftrong Sea Breeze,
with fome Rain in the morn:
ing.

15. Avery ftrong Sea Breeze.

16..A very ftrong Sea Breeze,
which lafts till very late in che
evening. ¢

17. Thisday a flrong Sea Breeze.

18, A. very ftrong Sea Breeze.

1g. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze,
though not fo much as the days
before, towards noon fome
few drops of Rain. |

20. Very little Sea Breeze, with
fome {mall drops of Rain in
the afrernoon.

21. Avery eafie Sea Breeze, and
very hot.

22. Avery cafic Sea Breeze and
very hot, Rain in che after-
noon.

23. Little or no Sea Breeze, a
part of a North, at night fome

|

Rain from the Mountains.

|

24. Little or no Sea Breeze, a
great Shower from the Moun-
tains, the Norths, or North
Winds, are expected:

25. Little or no Sea Breeze, a-
bout cen by the Clock, a
North with Rain,

26, A Norch wich Rain.

2%. An eafie North.

28. A great North. —

29. No Breeze in the motning,
but cowards the afternoon a
great North.

30. In the morning no Breeze,
buc in the afternoon a great
North.

December 1688.

1. JPEN the morning calm, in.
| the afternoon a North
Prercy frefh.

2. Very calm with Rain, chough
fmall and from the North.

3: Very calm, wich a fmare
Shower from the Sea in the af-
ternoon, :

4: Calm, with drifling Rain in
the morning.

5. Laft night great Rain, which
continues this day from the

Sea.

16. A great Sea Breeze begins

early, and continues all day.

7. A great Rain begins in the
rhorning from the Mountains,
and continues all day.

8. Litcle or no Breeze.

9. Fair weather, with a fmall
North. Tertians and Quotidsans
are very common.

10. Little or no Sea Breeze, to-

wards the evening a North,
which

——

xl

The Introduction. i

—enaialiale

which blows very hard all
night.

an. A pretty frefh Sea Breeze,
and in the afternoon a North
continues all night very ftrong.

12. No Sea Breeze ull ten a
Clock.

13. An eafie North.

14. Little or no Breeze.

15. A moderate Sea Breeze.

16. Little or no Sea Breeze, but
very hot.

47. Little or no Breeze, but very
hor.

18. A moderate North,

39. A very eafie North, with
fome {mall drops of Rain in
the afternoon.

20. A great North,

21. A North eafie allday, inthe
--evening and all night very vio-
dent. :

22. In the morning very calm,

continues fo all-day... ..,

23. Between. Pafface Fort and

Port Royal 1 found a hot or!

warm Wind before Sun rifing,
coming from the Salt-Pond-
Hills over the Mangroves and
Ponds. I ask’d the _Water-
men <if © they. - did. ‘obferve
- it, which they told me they
did, and found it very evyi-
dent. Very hot, and fultry
weather, .
24. In the morning a {mall Fog
in the Savannas, and in the
Afternoon a Sea Breeze yer
{mall, very hot and fultry
|‘ weather. :
2§3. In the morning no Breeze but
very hot,,.in. the afternoon
and all night.a very ftrong

26. Avery {trong North all day
and the night following.

27. Inthe morning a {mall North,
which increafes all day, and
continues the moft part of the
night.

28. An eafie Sea Breeze, at four
in. the afternoon a North with
a little Rain.

29. Aneafie North.

30. Little or no Breeze.

31. Little or no Breeze.

Fanuary 1688.

7 igs Ittle or no Breeze in
the morning, very hot
all day. 3
3.. Little or no Breeze.
4. Little or no Breeze,

5. A pretty frefh North,

6. A:fnmall North. « :

7. A{mall North. ;

8. The. moft part ‘of this day
{mall Rain, a little ovércaft
with a {mall Sea Breeze, inthe
evening Rain, i942

g. In the morning a pretty:
ftrong Sea Breeze, in the evéning

10. Anveafie Sea: Breeze.: ”

11, Littkeor no Sea Breeze.

12: A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze,
a little Rain in the evening,

13. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze,
with fome drops in the after-
noon. as

14. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze
and oxatboll oe vA wk

15+: A very {trong Sea Breeze, and
overcaft. soon

16° An eafie North,

a7 ¢ A

The Introduction.

xl

17. A pretty ftrong North with |
fome Rain.

18. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze,
the North yefterday {trong
here, (at St.Jago de la Vega,)
it reached not Port Royal, this
evening a {mall Rain.

1g. A very ftrong Sea Breeze,

20. A great North, with a great |
Shower inthe afternoon,

21- A great North, and all day
overcaft, with fome drops of
Rain in the afternoon.

22. A great North, with fair
Weather.

23. Little or no Breeze, but a-
bout four in :the .afternoon a
Land-wind.

24. A pretty eafie Sea Breeze, a
pretty greac Shower towards
Paffage Fort.

25- Little or no Breeze, ‘but ve-
ry hot.

26. A pretty firong-Sea Breeze.

27. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze.

28. A very firong Sea ‘Breeee.

ag. A moderate Sea Breeze.

30. In the morning at Guanaboa
a North, in the afternoon a
Sea Breeze. Their great Rains
(at Guanabea) are in May, and
continue fo till Offober trom
the Sea: then their Norths
come in.

31. A very great Sea Breeze.

Febsuary 1688.

1. PN che morning very
i warm, towards Noon

and in the Afternoon, a very

{trong Sea Breeze.

2. In the morning hot, in the

VS.

afternoon a ftrong Sea Breeze
which lafts till Jace in che
evening.

3. A moderate Sea Breeze, and
very warm.

4 Amnoderate Sea Breeze, and
very hot.

5. A very ftrong Sea Breeze,

6. A very ftrong Sea Breeze.

7. A moderate Sea Breeze, in
the afternoon very hot, all
Plants are burnt up.

8. A very great and ftrong Sea
Breeze, though in the morn-
ing about Sun-Rifing, great
appearance of Rain, with fome
few drops.

9. All lait night a very ftrong
Sea Breeze, this morning it
continues very ftrong, with
fome drops of Rain, and blows
all day very hard.

to. In the morning calm, to-
wards Noon two great Showers
with a Sea Breeze.

1. In the morning calm, a Land
Breeze all day.

12. A pretty ftrong eafterly Wind.

43. A North or Land-wind this

morning, and continues moft
of the day, about Noon a
{mall Shower.

14. In the morning calm, to-
wards evening a {mall Shower.

A fall Sea Breeze.

An eafie North.

An eafie North.

An eafie Sea Breeze.

ig. An eafie Sea Breeze.

20. In the morning calm, after-
wards a {mall Sea Breeze, it
grows pretty violent towards
night.

21. A moderate Sea Breeze.

(1) 22, A

16.

17.
18,

ee

xlil

The Introduction.

22. A pretty ftrong Sea Breeze, in the afrernoon Rain, con-
with Rain at night in Gua} tinues till night, great Rains

naboa. are now in the North fide of
23. A ftrong Sea Breeze. this I{land.
24. A {trong Sea Breeze. 4. In che afternoon little Rain.

25. An eafie Sea Breeze, with al 5. A ftrong Sea Breeze.
very great Rais abour rwelvea} 6. A ftrong Sea Breeze.
Clock from the monntains,}) 7. A fait morning , in the
which continues till night. evening a little Rain.
26. An eafie Sea Breeze, hot in} 8. A fair morning and hot,
the morning, at Noon Rain] it continues fo all day.
from the Mountains, which) 9, A fait morning , very hor,
continues all day. and continues fo all day.
27. Inthe morning hot. to. Very hot in the morning, and
28. In the morning hor, about} calm.

Noon great Rains, which con-} 14, Fair, but a very great Breeze

tinue ull night. from the Sea.
12. Fair, and a very great Breeze
from the Sea.
March 1688.

13. Hot in the morning, a great
Sea Breeze by Noon, which
1. JEN the morning overcaft,; continues late.

about Noon it begins|14. Very hot in the morning,
to Rain, and fo continues till} 15. An eafie Sea Breeze.
night. 16. An cafie Sea Breeze.

2. In the morning about nine/17. An eafie Sea Breeze, with a
it begins to Rain, and con-} {mall drilling Rain, coming
tinues very heavy till night. with the Land Breeze.

3. In the morning fair, at one

This Ifland being feveral Degrees within the Tropic, has the Trade
Wind continually there, which is on the South fide of the Ifland call’d
the Sea Breeze. It comes about eight a Clock in the morning, and in-
creafesor frefhens cill twelve in the day, and then as the Sun grows
lower, fo it decreafes rill there is none about four at night, About eight
at night begins the Land Breeze, blowing four Leagues into the Sea
both in Jamaica and the Continent, and continues increafing till
twelve at night, and decreafes again to four, when there is no
more of i. This courfe generally holds true, The Sea Breeze
now and then is more violent chan at other times, as at new or full

~ Moon, and incroaches very much on the Land-wind, and the Norths

when they reign, viz, in the months of December, January, or Fe-
bruary, blow over the ridge of Mountains with violence, and hinder
the Sea Breeze, Sometimes the Sea Breeze will blow all night, but

this

AE tt «nn net ee
ee ee

The Introduction. xh

this is to be taken notice of, that che Sea-Breeze blows (tronger or
longer near the Sea, as at Port-Royal, or Paffage Fort, than it does
within Land, as at St. fagode la Vega, or Spanifh Town. As con-
trariwife the Land-wind blows harder at the Town than at Paffaze-
Fort, or Port-Royal. Thefe things are evident to any who perutes
the preceding Journal, where when the Breeze is mentioned, “tis to
be underftood the Sea-Breeze in the day, or if in the night,the Land-
Breeze; thofe Breezes ordinarily fucceeding each the other.

As the Trade-Wind, between the Tropics, comes not direaly
from the Eaft, but varies from North-Eaft co South-Eaft, according
to the place and pofition of the Sun, fo the Sea-Breeze here has the
like Variation, not coming always from the fame Point ; on the con-
trary, the Land-Winds or Breezes, come always from the Ridge of
Hills, and from the fame point of them, and this holds boch oa the
North and South fides of this Ifland. In Valleys among{t the Moun-
tains, the Sea-Breeze, or Land one, has feldom any great influence,
but the North-Winds very much, proftrating very great Trees, wc.

The Land-wind blowing at night, and Sea-Breeze in the day-
time, is the Reafon why no Shippiag can come into Port, except in
the day, nor go out but foon after break of day.

The Norths come in when the Sua is near the Tropic of Capricorn,
and fo fartheft off Southerly. Mariners going from England meet the
Trade Wind in fuch or fuch Latitudes, later if the Sun is farther off,
or fooner if nearer tothem. ‘This Northisa very cold and unheal-
thy Wind, ic is more violent in che night, becaufe it chen has the ad-
ditional force of the Land. Wind with it, and comes through the Gulf
of Florida, and a great deal farther off, which is evident from no
Ships being able to go that way in the Norths Seafon, This Wind is
more violent in the Northefide of che Ifland than South, wherefore
it checks the growth of Canes, and all Vegetables, and is hinder’d
by the ridge of Mountains from fhewing as much of its fury in the
South, where it feldom Rains with this Wind. |

The South-Winds in the South-fide are ufually rainy, and the laft-
ing Seafons come in wich the Sea-Breeze, it being certain in the South-
fide that no Rains from the Land are lafting.

As at Sea in the Trade-winds one meets with Tornados, fo at Land
fometimes will be a violent Weft, directly contrary to the Trade-
Wind, for a few hours, with generally violent Rains, but this hap-
pens feldom, and is foon over.

The Sea Breeze, when it blows hard, is thought to hinder the
Rain from coming to the Plains ; it for the moft part then raining
in the Hills. On this account ’tis that there are in the Mountains many
Springs and Rivers, and few or none in the Plains, and this is likewile
the caufe why there is never want of water in the Rivers coming cain

them

RES ee ee

xliv

The Introduttion,

them through the Plains, and likewife that fometimes Rivers fuffer
very great increafe and inundations in the Plains, whereas no Rain
fell in the places where fuch inundations appear. |

Earthquakes as they are too frequent in £ii/paniola, where they
have formerly thrown down the Town of Santa Domingo, fo they
are too common here alfo; The Inhabicants expect one every year,
and fome of them think they follow their great Rains. One happen’d
on Sunday the 19. of February, 1688, about eight in the morning,
1 found ina Chamber one Story high the Cabinets, and feveral other
Moveables on the Floor to reel, as if People had rafed the Founda-
tions of the Houfe. I look’d out at a Window ta fee what was the
matter, and found that the Pigeons and other Birds in an Aviary
hard by were on the Wing inas great Aftonifhment, keeping them-
felves in that Pofture, not knowing where to alight. Wherefore
concluding what ic was, and the Danger in being ia an high Brick-
Houfe, | made what haft I could to get out; bue before I had
pafled through two Rooms, and got to the Staiz-cafe, it was
over. It came by Shocks; there were three of them, with a litele
Paule between. | It lafted about a Minute of Time in all; and there
was a {mall Noife accompanied it. A pair of Stairs. higher it threw
down moft Things off the Shelves, and had much more vifible Ef-
fects thanbelow. This was generally fele all over the Ifland at the
{ame time, or near ic; fome Houfes therein being crack’d and very
near ruin’d, others being uncovered of their Tiles, very few efcaped
fome Injury, and the People in chem were generally in a great Con-
fternation, feeing them dance. ‘The Ships in the Harbour at Port-
Royal felc it ; and one who was Eaftward of the Ifland coming thi-
ther from Europe, met with, as he faid, at the fametime, an Hurri-
cane, One riding on Horfeback was not fenfiblecf ic. A Gentle-
man being at that time abroad in his Plantation, told me, he faw
the Ground rife like the Sea. in a Wave, as the Earthquake pafled
along, andthat it went Northward ; forthat fome {mall time after
he had felc it,he faw by the Motion of the Tops of the Trees on Hills

3,

by

The Introduction.

xlv

by me of another dreadful Earthquake which happened afterwards
in this Iland in the Philofophical Tranfaétions, Numb, 209. p.77.

Thunder is here almoft every day in the Mountains, with the
Rains there, fo that any perfon in the Plains may hear it, as well as
fee the Rain, It does not fo ordinarily accompany thofe Rains that
come from the Sea, although when it does ‘tis very violent, and has,
en the feveral fubftances it meets with, either animate or inanimate,
the fame effeéts as follow Thunder in Europe.

Lightning for the moft parc precedes Thunder in this Ifland, as
elfewhere : and if it be fair Weather, efpecially in the hotteft Sea-
fons, it lightens almoft all the night over, firft in one part of the
Sky or Horizon, out of fome Clouds, and then out of others op-
pofice to them, as ic were anfwering one another, as it happens
often in the Summer in England, >c, and gives occafion to people
of fancy to foretel flrange Wars, ec. when they pleafe, making
thefe Apparitions in the Air, Soldiers in Battalia, ec.

Falling Stars are here as common as elfewhere,

If the Seafons of the year be to be counted from the Spring of
Vegetables, the Spring will be after every Seafon or great Rain, every
thing then fpringing up after much Rain, fo that during the time of
{uch Rains is reckoned the Winter time. But they ought rather to
follow the nearnefs or diftance of the Sun, and fo they will have the
fame time for the Seafons as in Europe; and indeed although the
vifible effects are not fo plain, having the Sun when moft diftant fo
near them ; yet that chofe times ate more to be counted fo than any
others, is plain from this, chat inthe months of November, Decem-
ber and January, the time of the Suns greateft Southern dittance from
them, a great many Trees fhed their Leaves, alchough they are de-
ftitute of them, neither all ata time, nor for many weeks, the warm
Sun, even then, when fartheft off, cloathing them {peedily wich
new Garments. In che months of February, March ot April, is
the beft time for planting Yams or Perennial Beans, they then, viz,
in the Spring, taking betcer Root, and cariving more than at other
times. Befides the Dog-days, or the time near them, are, as other
where, very infamous for their fultry heat.

Their Agriculture is but very fmall, theit Soil being as yet fo
fruicful as not to need manuring or dunging cheir Land alchough
they begin to lay by cheir Dung for future ufe, they feeing by the
example of their Neighbours in Barbados, that they may need it.
And even they themtelves here have in fome places fail’d of Sugar-
works, as near the Angels, where che ground had been cultivated or
manur’d before theic coming to the Illand, It was, and is among
feveral, the cuftom to burn their Trafh, which is the Marc or re-

(m) (1 2 aeeader

as a

xIVI

The Introduction.

mainder of the Sugar-Canes after the juice is {queezed out for the
making of Sugar, but now of late tis kept in heaps, that fo after
their new clear'd Land has by Tilling been worn out, they may
ic with this.

Te clear ground, likely to be ufeful, by felling the Trees
as near the Root as they can, the Timber if near their Work, they
cut into fmaller pieces, {plic it, and ule it in the Stokeholes as
Fire-wood to boil up the Sugars, if not they gather the Branches,
put them in heaps, and fire them here and there in the Field, wherby
the Field is not only clear’d, but made rich with the Afhes, The
moft part of Fields are not ftub’d up, but the Roots of the Trees,
with about three, four, or five Foot of the Truncs ftand in the
Field, and fometimes the fallen Body of the Tree lies along till
jt decays and rots. A Field being fo clear’d, Negros with Hoes,
make {maller or deeper holes, at nearer or farther diftances accord-
ing to the thing to be planted, and another coming atter throws
in che Seed, or plants the Root, and covers it with Earth, and fo
if a good Seafon has preceded it feldom mifles to thrive, and is
kept clear of Weeds till ic be able of its felf to choak them.

Fields which have before been planted feveral times are before
Rain is expected clear’d of the Stalks and Roots of any Plants may
have grown there, and they being gatherd in heaps, are burnt ;
and fo the Fields are planted after a Seafon, or let grow in Grafs
for Pafture, as occafion requires.

There is no places after Rain more fruitful than the Savannas.

Where the Roots of Trees do not hinder, trial has been made of

the Plow, and it has done well for Sugar-Canes, ec. to be planted
in.

The Inhabitants of Jamaica are for the molt part Europeans, fome
Creolians, born and bred in the Lland Barbados, the Windward
Hands, or Surinam, who are the Mafters, and Indians, Negros, Mu-
latos, Alcatrazes, Meftifes, Quarterons, &c. who are the Slaves. |

The Indians are not the Natives of the Ifland, they being all de-
flroy’d by the Spaniards, of which Ihave {aid fomething before, but
are ufually brought by furprize from the Mu/quitos or Florida, or
{uch as were Slaves to the Spaniards, and taken from them by the
Englifh. ‘They are very often very much checquered in their Skin,
by Cupping with Calabafhes, are of an Olive colour, have lon
black lank Hair, and are very good Hunters, Fifhers, or Fowlers,
but are nought at working in the Fields or flavifh Work, and if

checkt or drub’d are good for nothing. theref.
ati so wap 9 g, therefore are very Su)

The

ee ee

The Introduction. ey

‘The Negros are of feveral forts, from the feveral places of Guinea,
which are reckoned the beft Slaves, thofe from the Eaft-Tidies or Ma.
dagafcins, are reckoned good enough, but too choice in cheir Dier,
being accuftomed in their own Countries to Flefh Meat, ¢rc. and dd
not well here, but very often die. Thofe who are Creolians, born in
the Hland, or taken from the Spaniards, are reckoned more worth
than others in that they are feafon'd to the Ifland,

— Clothing of the Ifland is much as in England, efpecially of the
better fort, that of the Indians and Negros is a little Canvafs Jacket and
Breeches, given them at Chriffmas. It feems to me the Europeans
do not well, who coming from a cold Country, continue here to
Cloth themfelves after the fame manner asin Angland, whereas all
Inhabitants between the Tropics goeven almoft naked, and Negros
and Indians live almoft fo here, theit Cloths ferving them but a very
{mall part of the year.

_ When they fleep they unty their Breeches, and loofen thir Girdles,
finding by experience this Cuftom healthy, and there is good reafon
for it, for by that means the Circulation of the blood is not inter-
rupted, and fo confequently humours are not depofited in the
feveral parts of the Body, which ever follows fuch interruption.

The Buildings of the Spaniards on this Uland were ufually one
Story high, having a Porch, Parlour, and at each end a Room,
with {mall ones behind for Clofets, gc They built with Pofts
put deep in the ground, on the fides their Houles were plaiftered up
with Clay on Reeds, or made of the fplit Truncs of Cabbage-
Trees nail’d clofe to one another, and covered with Tiles, or Pal-
metto Thatch. The Lownefs, as well as fixing the Pofts deep in
the Earth, was for fear their Houfes fhould be ruin'd by Earch-
quakes, as well as for Coolnels.

The Houfes built by the Englifh, are for the moft part Brick, and
after the Anglifh manner, which are neither cool, nor able to en-
dure the fhocks of Earthquakes. ‘The Kitchens, or Cook-Rooms
here, are always aca fmall diftance from their Houles, becaule of the
heat and fmell, which are both noifom and troublefome. |

There are no Chimneys or Fire-places in their Houfes, but in the
Cook-Room, this word is ufed to fignifie their Kitchen, and is a
Sea word, as many others of that Country.

‘The Houfes of confiderable Planters are ufually removed from
their Sugar, or other Works, that they may be free from the noife
and fmells of them, which are very offenfive. :

The Negroes Houfes are likewife at a diftance from their Mafters,
and are {mall, oblong, thatch’d Huts, in which they have all cheir
Moveables or Goods, which are generally a Mat to lie on, a Pot

of Earth to boil their Victuals in, either Yams, Plantains, or Po-
| ratoes,

xI Vili The Introduction.

tatoes, with a little falc Mackarel, and a Calabafh or two for
Cups and Spoons.

There are very good Bricks and Pots made bere of the Clay of
the Country, to the eafie making of which the few Rains, as well
as plenty of Fire-wood conduces much,

The Air here being fo hot and brisk as to corrupt and {poil Meat
in four hours after ’tis kill’d, no wonder if a difeafed Body muft be
foon buried. They ufually bury twelve hours after death at all times
of the day and night.

The burial place at Port Rayal is a litle way out of Town, ina
{andy Soil, becaufe in the Town or Church it is thought unhealthy
for the living, Planters are very often buried in their Gardens, and
have a {mall Monument erected over them, and yet I never heard of
any of them who walk’d after their deaths for being buried out of
Confecrated ground.

An ampurated Member buried there, and dug up fome days after,
was found eaten by the Ants all but the Bones. In the Caves where
the Indians ufed to bury, the Ants would eat the whole Flefh off of
the Bodies, and would perforate the Bones, and eat up the Marrow,
of which I have a proof, having brought with me from thence the
Bone of the Arm of an Indian fo perforated, and its Marrow eaten
by them.

The Negroes from fome Countries think they return to their
own Country when they die in Famaica, and therefore regard death
but little, imagining they fhall change their condition, by that means
from fervile to free, and fo for this reafon often cuc their own
Throats. Whether they die thus, or naturally, their Country
people make great Jamentations, mournings, and howlings about
themexpiting, and at their Funeral throw in Rum and Viduals into
their Grayes, to ferye chem in the other world. Sometimes they
bury it in gourds, at other times {pill it on the Graves.

They have eyery one his Wife, and are very much concern’d if
they proye adulterous, but in fome meafure fatisfied if their Mafters
punifh the Man who does them the fuppofed injury, in any of his
Hogs, or other {mall Wealth: The care of the Mafters and Over-
feers about their Wives, is what! keeps their Plantations chiefly in
good order, whence they ever buy Wives in proportion to their
Men, leftthe Men fhould wander to neighbouring Plantations, and
neglect to ferye them. The Negros are much given to Venery, and
although hard wrought, will at nights, or on Feaft days Dance and
Sing ; their. Songs are all bawdy, and leading that way, They
have feveral forts of Inftruments in imitation of Lutes, made of

{mall Gourds fitted with Necks, {trung with Horle hairs, or the
‘peeled ftalks of climbing Plants or Withs. Thele Inftruments are fome-

times

The Introduction. xlix

times made of hollow’d Timber covered with Parchment or other
Skin wetted, having a Bow forits Neck, the Strings ty'd longer or
fhorter, as they would alter their founds. The Figures of fome
of chefe {nftruments are’ hereafter graved. - They have likewife in
their Dances Rattles ty’d to their Legs and Wrifts, and in cheir
Hands, with which they make a noife, keeping time with one
who makes a found an{wering it on the mouth of an empty Gourd
or Jar with his Hand. Their Dances confift in great activity and
ftrengch of Body, and keeping time, if it can be. They very
often tie Cows Tails to their Rumps, and add fuch other odd things
to their Bodies in feveral- places, as gives them a very extraordinary
appearance.

(n) Upon

A ee chenaiideatieetedadedmeettenee ae

The lntrodution. |

Upon one of their Feftivals when
a great many of the Negro Mufi-
cians were gathered together, I de-
fired Mr. Baptiffe, the beft Mufici-
an there to take the Words they fung
and fet them to Mufick, which fol-
lows.

You muft clap Hands when the
Bafe is plaid) and crys Ala Alla.

Angola
-— ey reve’
a on eg — Ga ee ¢-+-F-e— 8k
(=cC-— . P- ¥ = ¥ i
po a a ueTEaln Brae | oa
Ho-baognion, Ho-baognion,
od ee ee ~ = o
¥ Sass = ——tges-f pe,
ec '. 2 CE ee ea F io oe
Setar! . “CL -g-
i a
. are et eRe es ee
: bin =P
: a << co te at — Ae ——
| Ho--—-ba, Ho----ba Ognion, Ognion.
—— —pp-— 1-44 - — ee
ce ry a& = =P
=— Ser reer ker rrr madam ueererrece
nd
Papa.

The Introduttion,

Koromantt.

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= a wea a Poe Pre—t- i =f

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mich Ianga meri wa langa.

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a ftir ae 2 a

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Ee ees ee

hi

The lutroduction.

They are fruitful, and go after the birth of their Children to work
in the Field, with their lircle ones ty’d to their Backs, in a Cloth
on purpofe, one Leg on one fide, and the other on the other of their
Mother, whence their Nofes are a lictle flatced againft the Mothers
Back, which amongft them is a Beauty. The fame is the reafon of
the broadnefs of their and Indians Faces. The Mother when fhe
fuckles her young, having no Cloths to keep her Breafts. from fal-
ling down, they hang very lank-ever after, like chofe of Goats,’

Their unskilful cutting the Navel-String, does occafion chat
{welling which ufually appears in their Navels, and makes their
Bellies prominent. Fheir Children call’d Piganinnies or rathér Pe-
quenos Ninnos, go naked rill they. -are fit to be put to clean the
Paths, bring Fire-wood ‘to the Kitchen, ec. when a Boy Over-
feer, with his Wand or white Rod, is fet over them as their
‘Task+Matter. : ar | a —e 9 a

They.are rais’d to work fo: foon a¢ the day is light, or fometies
two hours before by the found of a Conche.Shell, and their Overfeers
noife, or in better Plantations by a Bell. They are fuffered to go to
Dinnet at Twelve when they Wood, ¢7c.- one burden Je they
fhould torne idle out of the-Field home,* return to the Field at
One, and come home af “night.

When a Plantation has many Men or Women, ’tis {aid to be well
handed; .or in cafe-of few, itis faid'to be bad handed, or to want
Hands. - This expreffion comes, -as fome others; from the Planters
of Jamaica, coming along Voyage at Sea, whereby they get fome of
the Sea Phrafes.. Ac Sea a Man is call’d a Hand, - becanfe his
Hands are chicfly ufeful there. . Whence all’ Hands up to Prayers,
is as much as co fay, let all Men come and Pray, or fend a Hand
7 do this or that, is as much:as et i:a Man do this or the other
thing.- PA IR FAP cre

Ley have Satardays in the Afternoon, . aad Suidays > wich Ghrift-
mas Holidays, Eafter éall’d licle or Pigganinny, Chriftmas, and fome
other great Feafts allow’d them for the Culture of their own Plan-
tations to feed themfelves from Potatos, Yams, and Plantanes. gc
which they Plantin Ground allow’d them by their Mafters, befides
a {mall Plantain. Walk they have by chemfelves,

They formerly on their Feftivals were allowed the ufeof Trum-
pets aftertheir Fafhion, and Drums made of’ a piece of a hollow
Tree, covered on one end with any green Skin, and ftretched with
Thouls or Pins, But making ufe of thefe in their Wars at home
in Africa, it was thought too much inciting them to Rebelli

fo they were prohibited by the Cuftoms of the Ifland.

on, and

They

The a Pe

hii

Their little ones are not black, but reddifh brown when firft born.
From feveral Countries they are of a deeper or paler colour, when
the fame perfons are paler than ordinary ‘tis a fign of ficknefs, Their
colour is heightened by anointing with Palm, or any other Oil,
When a Guinea Ship comes near Jamaica with Blacks to fell, there is
great care taken that the Negros fhould be fhav’d, trim’d, and
their Bodies and Hair anointed all over with Palm-Oil, which adds
a great beaucy tothem. The Planters choofe their Negros by the
Country from whence they come, and theirlook. The Blacks from
the Ea/ft-Indies are fed on Flefh and Fifh at Home, and therefore
are not coveted, becaufe troublefome to nourifh, and thofe from
Angola run away from their Mafters, and fancy on their deaths
they are going Home again, which is no lucriferous Experiment,
for on hard ulage they kill themfelves.

When I was at Liguanee I was told that at the Plantation of
Captain Afudfon there was a young Woman white all over, born
of a black Mother. I had the Curiofity to go and fee her, and
Mrs. Hfudfon did me the favour to fend for her, She was twelve
years old, and perfectly white all over, middle fiz'd, broad fac'd,
flat nos'd, ill favour’d, and countenance’ like a Black. Her Hair
was fair and white, but not lank like ours, or half Jank, half
woolly like thofe of Mulattos, but fhort, woolly, and curled
like thofe of the Blacks in Guinea, Her Mother had been
bought by Captain HAudfon, on her landing in Jamaica, about
eleven weeks before her delivery of this Daughter. Her Mo-
ther was perfectly black, and related that once before in Guinea,
her own Country, fhe had been brought to Bed of a white Boy,
by a black Father, °Tis very likely the Mother>might have been
fold on this occafion, for as Juan-dos Santos tellsus that thefe white
Children, born of black Parents, are worfhipped in thofe parts
of Ethiopia-he lived in, as the Off-{pring of the Gods, fo in others,
if my memory does not fail me, they are put to death for being
reputed the Children of the Devil. I was told that in Nieves
two fuch were born, and faw my felf in England a Black, a
Servant of Mr. Birds, which was mottel'd or {potted with white
{pots in feveral parts of his Body and Penis. The Skins of fuch are
whiter than ours, and their Hair is alfo whiter. “This is common
to almoft all Creatures, that the colour of the Hair is black or white

as the Skin is on which it OrOws.

Their Phyfick confifts for the moft part in Cupping with Cala-
bafhes on the pain’d place.. They firft apply the Calabafh with fome
Chips or Combuftible matter burning in it, when that is pull’d off
they cut the place with Scarifications, and then apply the Cupping-

OS” oo | oe) glafles

‘iv

‘ ee

The i Ce anne,

glafles or Calabafhes again. “Their Lancet is a {harp Knite, with
which they cut through the Flefh held between their Fingers.

This, inftead of relieving, fometimes feems rather to add more
pain to the place, by making a Flux of Blood that way. There
are few Negros on whom one may not fee a great many Cicatrices ot
Scars, the remains of thefe Scarrifications, for Dileafes or Orna-
ment, on all their Faces and Bodies, and thefe Scarifications are
common to them in their own Countries, and the Ccatrices thought

* Fobn Lok.to add beauty to them. * The Negros called Papas have moft
ap. Hakl. of thefeScarifications. Other Negros take great pleafure in having

fide 5) eG

their woolly curled Hair, cut into Lanes or Walks asthe Parterre
of a Garden, and this I have feen them do, for want of a better
Inftrumenc, with a broken piece of a Glafs Bottle.

Another very general Remedy inalmoft every Difeafe, is mixing
Clay and Water, and plaiftering over either fome part, or all the
Body in the warm Sun; but as this maft of neceffity ftop the in-
fenfible tranfpiration, {o it rarely miffesto add a Cough to the Pa-
tients Malady, and always, by what I faw, fails of the Cure of
the Diftemper. Although I will not fay but that in fome Difeafes
it may avail.

They ufe very few Decoctions of Herbs, no Diftillations, nor
Infufions, but ulually take the Herbs in fubftance. For inftance,
in a Clap, they grind the Roots of Fingrigo and Lime-Tree, be-
tween two Stones, and ftir them into Lime-Juice till ic be precy
thick, and fo make the Patient take it evening and morning for fome
time. This is the fame method of preparing Medicines, with what
in the Ea/t-Indies is practifed, for I have feen many Simples from
thence, and all, or moft, are to be ground on a Stone with fome
fimple ee and fo given the Patient.

Befides Simples, the Negroes ufe very much bleeding in the Nofe
with a Lancet for the Head-ach... They thruft up the Lancet into the
tip of the nofe, after tying a Ligature about the Neck, and fome
drops of Blood follow, whence they think themfelves relieved in
Colds, with Hoarfenefs and ftuffed Nefes.

Bathing is very much ufed by them. They boil Bay-Leaves,
Wild-Sage, ec, in water, in one of their Pots, when boil’d they
tye a Fafciculus of thefe Plants up together, and by putting chat
into the Decoétion fprinkle their Bodies all over with it as faft as they
can, they being naked. 3

The Negros and Indians ufe to Bath themlelves in fair water every
day, as often asconveniently they can.

Ihave heard a great deal of their great Feats in curing feveral Di-
feafes, but could never find them any way reafonable, nor fuccel-
ful in any, and chat little they know of Simples here, feems to
| come

The lutroduction.

iv

come from the Indians, they being usd for the fame Difeafes in
Mexico and Brazile, as Pifo, Marcgrave, Hernandez, Ximenes, and
others relate. 7

One of the greateft remedies of the Planters living here to pre-
vent Difeafes, or the ill effect of what they call ill Fumes or Va-
pours, is an infufion of the Seeds of that kind of Ariftolochia called
Contra Yerva. The Seeds fteep’d in Wine afford a clammy, yel-
low fubftance which fticks clofe to them, and their infufion in
Wine is uled in a morning in fickly times, to prevent Infection.
The Seeds infufed in Spiric of Wine, and diftill’d, afford a Spiric
very good to promote Sweating in Colds and Fevers. ‘This Plant
is ufed for much the fame purpofes, both in the Continent of 4-
merica and the Eaft-Indies. Dr. Smallwood an Englifh Phyfician,
who liv’d in Guatemala, (having been taken Prifoner by the Spa
niards) told me that the Spaniards made great ufe of this Herb in
all poifonous and Malignant Difeafes. The Indians about Guiana
liad firft difcovered its Vertue to the Spaniards, for the Doctor be-
ing purfued by them and wounded by one of their poifon’d Ar-
rows, to find out his Cure, they took one of their Indian Prifoners,
and tying him to a Poft threatned to wound him with one of
their own venemous Arrows, if immediately he did not declare
their Cure for that Difeafe, upon which the Indian immediately
chaw’d fome of this Contra Yerva, and put it into che wound, and
it healed. The Inhabitants here ufe alfo with great fuccels, Vo-
mits of the infufion of Crocus Metallorum in Wine, in Fevers and
other Difeales.

—_— =

Their

lv1

The Introduétion.

Their Trade among the Spaniards privately in America manag’d
chiefly by Sloops, is with all chofe things mention’d to come from
Europe, efpecially Clothing, as Serges, ec. on which they have ei-
ther in Truck or Money 55. per cent. Gain, one moiety whereof
goes to the Mafters and Owners of the Sloops, the other co the
Merchant Adventurer. There are alfo many Negros fold this way to
the Spaniards, who are either brought lately from Guinea, or bad
Servants, or Mutinous in Plantations. They are fold to very good
profit; bur if they have many Cicatrices, or Scars on them, the marks
of their fevere Corrections, they are not very faleable.

The Commodities the Englifh have in return, befides money, moft
ufually are Cacao, Sarfaparilla, Pearls, Emeralds, Cochineel, Hides,¢e.

The Trade of famaica with the Dutch at Corafol is chiefly for
Provifions which are wanted very much on that Ifland. The
Iland of Corafol is very {mall, and very little Provifion grows on it,
The chief advantage the Dutch have of it, is, that ‘tis a place
whereto Goods are brought to Trade with the Spaniards privately
on the Continent of America, for which purpofe ’tis very advantage-
oufly feated.

The Turtlers who furnith the Ifland with Turtle, may be reckoned
among the trading Sloops.

There is likewile a Trade with this Ifland from New-Eneland, and
New York. Ic confifts ufually in an exchange of Rum, Moloflus,
Sugar, and Money, for Horfes, Beef, Pork, Flower or Rusk, ‘tis
manag’d by Brigantines, or {mall Craft, who now and then touch
at the Babama Iflands, and kill Seals, or Whales for the Train-Oil,
or Sperma Ceti.

When the Trade of the Affento for furnifhing the Spanifh Weft-
Indies with Negros was in this Ifland, ic was not only very bene-
ficial to the African Company and their Factors, bur to the Go-
vernours of this Ifland, as'well as the Captains of the Frigats who
convey dthem to Porto Belo, and on their delivery there had imme-
diately paid them the Money agreed on by the Head. 3

The Religion of thofe of the Ifland, either Europeans, or defcended
from them Creolians, is as in England, and the {ame proportion of
Diflenters are there as in England,

_ ca = =

being

soinainnininemssnee esta

The Inirodudtion.

vii

being divided into feveral Caprtainfhips, as well as the Indians of
America, have Wars, and befides thofe {lain in Battles many Pri-
foners are taken, who are fold for Slaves, and brought hither. But
the Parents here, altho their Children are Slaves for ever, yet have
fo great a love jor them, thac no Mafter dare fell or give away one
of their little ones, unlefs they care not whether their Parents hang
themfelves or no.

Miny of the Necros, being Slaves, and their Pofterity after them
in Guinea, they aremore eafily treated by the Englifh here, than by
their own Country-People, wherefore they would not often wil-
lingly change Mafters.

Vbe Punifhments for Crimes of Slaves, are ufually for Rebellions
burning them, by nailing them down on the ground with crooked
Sticks on every Limb, and then applying the Fire by degrees from
the Feet and Hands, burning them gradually up to the Head, where-
by cheir pains are extravagant. For Crimes of a lefler nature Gelding,
or chopping off half of the Foot with an Ax. Thefe Pumfhments
are fuffered by them with great Conftancy.

For running away they put Iron Rings of great weight on their
Ankles, cr Pottocks about their Necks, which are Iron Rings with
two long Necks rivetted to them, or a Spur inthe Mouth.

For Negligence, they are ufually whipt by the Overfeers with
Lance-wood Switches, till they be bloody, and feveral of the
Switches broken, being firft tied up by their Hands in the Mill-
Houles. Beating with Manati Straps is thought too cruel, and
therefore prohibited by the Cuftoms of the Country. The Cica-
trices are vifible on their Skins for ever after; and a Slave, the
more he have of thofe,-is the lefs valu’d. --

After they are whip’d till they are Raw, fome put on their Skins
Pepper and Sale to make them {mart ; at other times their Mafters will
drop melted Wax on their Skins, and ufe feveral very exquifite Tor-
ments. Thele Punifhments are fometimes merited by the Blacks,
who are a very perverfe Generation of People, and though they
appeat harfh, yet are {carce equal to fome of their Crimes, and infe-
rior to what Punifhments other European Nations inflict on theéit
Slaves in che Fa/t-Indies, as may be feen by Moquet, and other ‘Fra+
vellers. | : scene

The Horfes here are very fine, {mall, and for the moft part well
turn’d and {wift, though very weak; they are of the Spanifh breed,
but very much degenerated, the Bnglifh taking no care of them,
but letting them breed in the Savannar, in the mean while deftroy-
ing their beft and ftrongeft Horfes in their Mills for grinding thei
Canes. They are very fimooth Skin’d, and by that eafily di-

es (q) ftinguifh’d

Iviii The Llntroduéion.

Rtinguifh’d from New England, or ocher Horles, which have rough
Coats or Skins. A great many are wild in the Woods, who are
taken with Cords, and tam’d by Horle-Carchers.

Ac the time of the firft taking of the lind by the Englifh, chere
was great plenty of wild Carcle in all che Savannas, and they were
caught themoft part by cuiting the great Tendons of their Legs
behind, whereby they were difabled torun, and were for the moit
part deftroyed by the Soldiers who had litcle elfe to feed on, This
way of taking wild Black Cattle by hunting, cutting their Ten-
dons or Lancing, is whatisuled by the Spaniards in thei Mhinds and
Continent, and by the Privateers or Bucaniers ; but in Jamaica there
remain very few wild Cattleto be.taken, and thofeare in the North
fide of the Hland, inthe lefs frequenced parts. “The manner by
which the Spaniards and Englifh kill’d chefe Cattle, befides the
wild Dogs who uled of themfelves to hunt and kill them, was
with a Lance or Halberd, on the end of which was an tron
{harpned, and made in the fhape of a Crefcent or Halt moon.

Thefe wild Cattle are faid much to exceed the others in tafte.

When I was in Jamaica, the Town of Port Royal was fituated
ona fandy Point; at the farther end whereof, towards Liguane
runs a narrow Neck of {andy ground about three Miles long. “This
Town hada very good and fecure Harbour, defended from ail Winds
by the Land, and by a Reef running out a great way beyond the
Cayos. In this Harbour there was fo deep water, that the greateft
Ship might lie with her fide tothe Keys. ©The Town or Point with
violent Sea-Breezes, had fuffered {ome {mall Inundations of the Sea,
ana fome {mall diminution ; but by hindering People from takiag
Stones fiom the Reefs, and barricadoing the Town againft it, no
{uch thing had happened lately. The Lown or Point was fortified
very well with a Fort, and: feveral Batteries both to the Sea and

Land; and onthe fandy Neck were likewife planted prickly Pears to
hinder the march of any Enemy that way. ‘The Winds have fome-
times by making feveral Currents in the Water, forc’d the Sand
into fome parts ot the Channel where Ships ufed to come in, where-
fore ‘tis now become ftraicer, and fome Ships have been put on
ground. The Town confifted of about Fifteen hundred Houles,
which at firft were of Wood, but lately were of Brick for the moft
pact. It was built here for a Conveniency for Seamen and Soldiers
onthe Englifh Fleets being in this Harbour, when they rook the
Hland, and afterwards it came by degrees to what it late] y was. Ic
was in its Infancy defign’d to have been removed to the Sale. Pans,
which is juft oppofite to ic on the frm Land of the Ifland,, thac
fo there might be a readier Communication at any time between

this

Rene Ne nent nent ————~ a A a a wt Say mem eC RR cermemeee — *

The lutroduction.

this Town and the Iflind, but { know not what hindered its being
pucin Execution, The greateft want in this Town is frefh water,
their Wells affording only brackifh, cherefore ‘tis the bufinefs of fe-
veral Men to fend great Canoes in the morning with the Sea Breeze
to the River, and to bring thence many Casks of water to the Town
with the Land Breeze at night.

This Point, which was called Point-Cagway, where Port Royal
fLood, was never built upon by the Spaniards while they remained
Pofleflors of the Iland, for two Reafons, as I was informed. The
firft was the frequency of Earthquakes, which, when confiderable,
would certainly overcurn it. This was found true in a few years
after [ came from thence, for it was all deltroyed by the Earch-
quake which happened in the year 1692. whereof there isa large ac-
count Communicated by me in the Philofophical Trenfactions, Number
209. p. 77. For the whole Neck of Land being fandy (excepting
the Fort, which was built on a Rock and ftood) on which che
‘own was built, and the Sand kept up by Palifadoes and Wharfs,
under which was deep water, when the Sand tumbled upon the
fhaking of the Earth, into the Sea, it covered the Anchors of Ships
riding by the Wharfs, and the Foundations yielding, the greatett
parc of the Town fell, greac numbers of people were loft, and
a good part of the Neck of Land where the Town ftood was
three Fathoms covered with water. The fecond caufe of the
averfion of the Spaniards to this’ place, was its being liable ro
be wafh’d off by the violent Sea-Breezes or Souths. Upon the
gteat Earthquake many are rermoved and fettled in Liguance at
Kingfton, and fince a great Fire which happened there lately, more
are removed to the fame place, fo that very few remain at pre-
fene at Port Royal.

Ic will noc be amifs to give here a {mall defeription of fome
places and things, luch as I took in Joutnies when in the
ifland. :

Paffage-Fort is made up of fome few Houfes, Score-houfes, and
others ; it is the place from whence is fhipd the Sugars, and
other Commodities of the Ifland from ‘Sixteen:Miles-Walk, and
othér Plantations. Ice was a fmall Fortification in the time of
the Spaniards, whence its name, and I fuppofe was 2 defence w
St. Jago de la Vega, which was the chief Town poffefled by that
Nation.

Old: Harbour is a place on the Sea fide, about fix Miles fron
St. Jago de la Vega, confifting of fome Honfles, and Store-houfes.
In the time the Spaniards poffefled this I{kind, they toaded cheir Ga-
leons here. Thefe large Veflels rode at Anchor onder a Cayo or
Rock. Pigeon Mland, a fmall land, les off of this Harbour.

ke

Ix

The Introduction.

It belonged to Major Ballard, who told me that formerly there ufed
to refort great numbers of Pigeons and breed there ; bur the {nhabi-
tants going thither and loading Boats wich their young, they were
difturbed, and left the place. In the Plains or Savannas, about Old
Harbour, grows that fine Flower which { found in Se. Chri/fophers,
and is hereafter defcribed, and called commonly in famaica White
Lillies.

Near Old Harbour is a place called the Canoes, which is the chief

lace for Fifhing hereabout.

A little Weftward of Old Harbour are Woods, and fome few
Hills, beyond which isa large Savanna or Plain, call’d Palmetto Sa-
yanna, from the great number of Palm-Trees growing in it. From
Palmetto Savanna went into the Seven Plantations, where at going
into the place I fonnd a very bad {mell and Air, which is occafion’d,
as I wastold, by the River call’d the Dry River. This River had
at bottom great numbers of large round Stones, and was dry when
I faw it, as it is often, but it is full of running water at fome Seafons,
and it then brings along with it Fifhes of feveral forts. When the
River does not run thefe Fifhes are lefc in holes in its bottom,
where they are either taken by. the Inhabitants, eat up by the Herns,
or other Fowl feeding on them, or dye and corrupt the Water and
Air. I was fenfible of this corrupted Air when I was here. This
dry River is {wallowed up into the Earth, and rifes again in fome

arts of it. It comes down from the Mountains when it Rains vio-
lently on them, fo fuddenly and impecuoully, that I was told it had
drowned a Boy, and fix Horfes he was watering, chough no fiens
of its {welling appeared beforehand at the place where the accident
happen’d. ‘This place is cooler chan the Town of St. Jago de la
Vega, and Sir Francis Watfon, who lived here, ufed to be more
troubled with the Afthma then when in Town. For this pur-
pofe he had made.a Chimney in one of the Rooms of his
Houle, which was the only one I ever faw in this Hland, except
in Kitchens,

Sir Francis Watfon had made here a Refining-houfe for Sugars,
which fervd moft part of the Ifland with fine Sugar, and thae
candied, little Refin‘'d being Exported. They diflolve the Mof-
covado or courfe Sugar in water, which they call. melting, then
they mix a ftrong Lixivium of quick Lime with it, and clarifie
this mixture in a Furnace with Whites of Eggs over a Fire, then
they ftrain it through a Blanket plac’d in a Basket over a Ciftern,
whence it is carried into Brafs Coolers, and then is put into
Pots. The Surface of ic is evened and leveled with 2 Trouel in
thefe Pots, and then ‘tis cover’d with moift Clay, by which in fe-
ven Weeks, ‘tis purg’d, knock’d our, and put into a Stove to be per-

fetly

rene ti ee

Lhe ntroduchioi.

fectly cured. The Clay ufed for Sugar is ordinary pale Clay expos id |

to che Air, then mixt with Water to che confiftence of a Syrup, af-
terwards it is {trained through a Colender, and powred on the Pors
where it flands till ic fiaks the Sugar in them pretty low, fometimes
half ia half. No quick Lime is uled in double Refined Sugar the {c-
condtime. The Molofius dropt from once Refined Sugar is calles
Baftard, it is boil’d up again, and clay’d to make it white. Four Gail.
lons of Moloflus yield three of Rum, but in England four, becaute
of the Fermentation, which in Jamaica being brisker from the heac
of the Air, evaporates more of the Spirits, Three Loaves of once
refined Sugar, make two of double refined. The {mall quantity thac
is fent into England is beaten to pieces in a wooden Trough. Clay-
ing Sugar, as they report here, was firft found out in Brazil, a
Hen having her Feet dirty, going over a Pot of Sugar by acci-
dent, it was found under her tread to be whiter than elfewhere,
A Refining-Houfe is worth fix thoufand Pounds, of which there
are but cwo in the whole Iland, one at the Angels and this here.
The Stoves are beft arched. Pots for refining Sugar are made at
Lignanee, though more brittle and dearer than when brought from
England, but they are made here to fupply the prefene need of
the Planters ; the Clay of which they are made, is dug up near
the place. | | |
_ Lhave feen Sugar made at feveral Plantations; they make it by
bruifing the Canes between Iron Rollers, in a Mill drawn by Oxen,
the Figure whercof is to be feenin Pifo, and feveral Authors, The
juice is conveyed into the Boiling houfe, where in a Ciftern is mixe
about two handfuls of Lime, with One hundred and filty Gallons
of juice, and then both are let into fix Coppers one after another,
where it is boiled and fcumm’d. The Scum is conveyed to the Still-
houfe, only that of the fifth Copper is put into a Jar, that it may
be again boiled, in the fit Copper, becaufe ic is purer than the
teft, and fo will yield Sugar. In the fixth, with a little Oil or
Greale, to lay its huffing and boiling over, it is boil’d up to Su-
gar, and fo coold in Troughs, and cartied into Pots, where, bya
ftick run through it, a hole is made, whereby the Moloflus is drain-
ed from it, and leaves the Sugar white. This Moloflus mix’d
with Water, as well as {cum or juice from bad Canes, is carried in-
to the Diftilling-houfe ; where, after Fermentation, when it begins
to fubfide, they in che night cime diftil it all chrown into the Fire it
burns riot: this in che day time is Re-diltilled, and from Low-Wines
is call’d high Wines or Rum. |
Every feveral Soil requires a feveral Ternper, as a Lye of Athes
with Lime or Lime-water, ec. which is mixt in the vee Cop-
pet, For this reafon the Overleer always gives notice to the Sugar.

(q) boilers

Ix

edeiememeaa ema aeae

Ixil

Se eraser

The Introdudtion.

boilers when he begins a new piece of Ground, that they may be
teady to remedy any inconvenience from the variety of Soils,

One Acre of Canes yields fometimes four thouland of Sugar,
commonly two thoufand.

Sugar-Canes grow well within a Foot of water, and near the
Sea they are large, though fometimes brackifh,

Good Sugar is known by thofe ufed to making it, by its fmell
before it is made.

I have feen fome try to boil Cane-juice to Sugar in an ordina-
rySkillet, with and without Temper, but both, efpecially the firft,
was naught, being black and glewy, the reafon given me was
the flownefs of the fire. The Sugar-boilers always obferving to
make a very violent fire under their Coppers,

Hogs Greafe, or any Oil is puta drop, or the bignefs of a Pea,
into the Tach, fixch, or laft Copper, to lay the boiling over of
it, and for no other end: ic is immediately quiet upon its being
dropt in.

ukeihe and Hill-Canes make bad Sugar, being black : they
burn the Coppers, there not being moifture enough, therefore ’tis
the beft way to mix Mountain and Valley Canes ; one bunch of
the firft, to cwo of the laft, which makes good Sugar, or the Plan-
ters mix water with the Cane-juice to hinder the Coppers from being
burnt, or the Sugar made black. Likewife too much moifture
makes ill Sugar, for “tis obferv’d thac after Rains the Sugar is
brown , becaufe the water makes ic be the longer on the Fire
before the fuperfluous moifture is boil’d off.

Out of Sugars are made great quantities of cool Drinks by Fer-
mentation, for I was informed that Rap, is what in Nieves they call
cool Drink, viz, Moloflus and Water, and that Sugar Dvink is made
with Sugar-Canes bruifed in a Mortar, or Hand-Mill, and then
boil’d with water, and wrought ina Cask: it is clear like water.
Locuft-Ale is Cane-Juice clarified, mix’d with Rum. Moloffus
Drink is called Cawvaw. Upon drinking the Moloflus Drink of |
Penils, or very bad Sugar, the Belly ach came to Barbados. Perino,
before defcribed is the wholefomeft of all cool Drinks,

Out of the French Sorrel, in this and other places, which came
from Surinam, is made a fine cooling Conferve and Syrup. This
Sorrel is defcribed hereafter.

Formerly this place of the land was famous, in the time the
Spaniards poflefled it, for Tobacco. They now Plant fome of it
wich their Indico, but they think their beft Seed is loft or degenerated,
being it is not fo good as formerly. Whar they Plane here is that _
fort with long Leaves, and is only cultivated for the ufe of the
Ifland, and not for Exportation, They take off the tops and fide

Buds

i‘ The Introduction.

Ixni

Buds of each Plant, that the Leaves may be the better, they ga.
ther the Leaves when they are at cheir full growth, and in vi-
gour, and dry them by hanging them upin the fhade. The beft
‘Tobacco made by the Spaniards in their Plantations is pick’d Leaf
by Leaf, with great care that none faulty may be found amongft
it. That from the Nuevo Reyno de Granada (corruptly called Veri-
nas, or Tabac de Verine) is reckon’d the belt. | we
Tobacco is likewife planted in other places of the Ifland, and is
of feveral forts, from feveral Seeds: that with the broad Leaves is
call’d Bulls Face. There are two forts from Oronogue, and two
Spanifh kinds. [tis fownin Beds; when the Leaves are about two
Inches long, the Plants are drawn, and planted at four Foot di-
ftance one way, and three and an half another, then they are kept
clean, and when grown about a Foor high, and going to {hoot out
their Stalks or Tops, the top of the Stalk or Bud is {nipt off. Thac
day feven-night the Buds rifing ex alis foliorum on che fides, are
{nipt off likewife, and feven days thence the other Under-buds. Ie
ftands forme time longer, and then the Stalks and Leaves are
cut off, hang’d up in a Shed, and if wet weather come, a Fire
is made in it to hinder the Corruption of the Tobacco. Some
time after the Leaves are ftripc off and preferv'd in great
heaps from the injuries of the Air till ’tis made fic for the Mar
ket. It has been made here worth twelve Pence a Pound in
England. | ;
The Head of the River Mino is far up from this place, and there
is a Lake where I have been told are to be feen great heaps of
Snakes roll’d together, who leap into the Water. Abundance of
Fifh comes from thence. There were.a. great variety of Water-
Melons here in che Spaniards time.» The Cows eat them, and
dunging, their Seeds, (at this Dry River, where they came to
water,) there grew, and were preferv'd, till perfect neglect Loft all
their forts.
_ Very good Fullers Earth was taken out of a Stratum of the Earth,
in finking a Well here. I did not obferve any difference in the
Layers of Earth taken out of this Well, from thofe in England, nei-
ther could I find any Shells or Petrefaétions amongft the Stones,
Clay, Sand, vc. brought up. ButI was inform’d, upon enquiry,
by Colonel Nedbam, an Eye-Witnels, that in Barbados at Sit John
Colleton’s Plantation they dug for a Well, and at forty feven Foor
had water, but in dry weather it went away: they dug to fifty,
and had water a fecond time, which dryed away again; alter a
third digging they came to fome Shells, and then into a River,
and taking up water they brought up Fifh with ic. After this cheir
water never decay’d; tho’ there wer etcwelve Men perpetually draw-

Ing

‘our

lxiv

The Introduction.

ing it, fix at a time for Cattle, exc. it was in the Cliffs of Bar-
bados.

It is pretty ftrange that fometimes at great depths in the Bowels
of the Earth, thefe Subftances that have belong’d to real Shell-
Fifh fhould be found. They are common in moft Counties of
England. Mr. Middleton brought fome of them dug up in Bar-
bados. \have by me many Affroites, (a fore of Coral,) taken up
in the in-land parts of England, in as great plenty near the Sur-
face of the Earth, as I have feen them in the neighbouring Sea
to Jamaica, their Native place. At Richmond in Surrey they find
in digging the Clay-Pits for making Tiles, many back-Bones of
Sharks, and Shells; and I have in my pofleffion feveral of
the ordinary real Nautili that are now only brought to us from the
Faft-Indies, that have been dug up there.

At Sixteen-Mile-Walk, or St. Thomas in the Vale; the Fog,
which is every morning, except in rainy Seafons, lafts till about eight
or nine, and then is difpelfd by the Sun. This Fog is not
counted unwholefome. The Road thither is by the Water-fide,
or along the Banks of the Rio Cobre, where there is a Stone under
which one pafles, as under an Arch. There isa Hill, or rather a
Rock, on the left fide going up, which is at leaft two hundred
yards perpendicular heighth having Bufhes here and there on it,
down which a wild Boar being hunted precipitated himfelf,
and was at the bottom reduced to Mafh. The River is fometimes
filled with great Stones, which come rowling down from the
neighbouring Hills, and fometimes with Timber rotten and faln
intoit, The Wood here is Tall, and the Woodbines on them very
long. The Rain at Sixteen-Mile-Walk 1s fo furious as fometimes to
wath out of the ground the Roots of all the Plants fet in it. |

I was here told by Eye-Witneffes, that one Dr. Foffer, at
Sixteen-Mile-Walk, had tam’d a great Snake or Serpent, and kept
it about him within his Shirt; it would wind it felf fat about
his Arm, and drink out of his Mouth, and leap at a Call on the
Table, to eat Crums of Caffada Bread, It was killed by one
Coffin, after fixteen months being tame: it was about the bignefs
of ones Wrift.

When the Potatos here, and at other Plantations in this Ifland are
full grown, they hough up the Roots, cleanfe them of tieir Fibres,

keep them for ufe, and give the Stalks and Leaves to their Hogs
for Food.

The next Town, in bignefs to Port-Royal, on the Ifland, is
St. fago de la Vega, ot St, James of the Plain, a Town improving

every
A

PELL AER Ee BRE LEGS SEBEL TS LIS 5 PSEA I CM atl a) ee a es RE METS iS

P waperee PERT NS TB OTs a

The Introduction.

ck a ee 2S RARE SPOT EACLE: pT a gat, MNaCER gm Types =o

every day, ‘ts the place where the Governour ufually refides, and
where the Courts of Juftice and Records of the Hind are keor,
Ic was very great in the Spaniards time, and then conlifted of “iwo
thoufand Houfles built all in good order, every Srreet running pa-
rallel co or elfe piercing the others at right Angles, being broad
and very long. Ir had four Churches and a Monaftery. ORs fi-
tuated on the Banks of the Rio Cobre, and has Plains on each fide
of ic for feveral Miles. Here the Affembly and Supream Courts
refide, which muft make this place in fome time very confiderable.
There were here fome few Palifadoed Houfes defended with
Guns, but now they arervin’d. When the [flind was taken, che
Soldiers burnt many of the Houfes, neglected the reft, and made ic
fo much below what it was formerly, that now they reckon its
ftraggling Houles to be reduced to three hundred. Eicher this Place
or Old Harbour, were called formerly Oriffan. Here lived formerly
the Spanish Governor, who had about One thoufand, or Two
thoufand Pieces of Eight Income, more or lefs, according to his Pro-
firs by Trade. The Duke of Veraguas, who was delcended from
Columbus, and whofe Anceftors had been Proprictors of the Ifland
from the time of Fernand and Jfabella, had tor Anchorage, and
other dues, about three or four thoufand Pieces of Eight yearly Re-
venue from this Governor and Hland, as the Spamards intorm’d

Sir Thomas Lynch.
Befides thefe places, there are feveral other, as Morant, Withy-

Wood, &c, but neither are they ftrong, nor very confiderable.

I was refolved to goto the North-fide of the lfland, and vific
the Mountains between it and the Souzh fide, to fee what they
brought forth. Wherefcre I got fome Gentlemen of the Country,
one who drew in Crayons, a very good Guide, and a fure-footed
Horfe, and fet out. Having pafied Sixteen Miles Walk before-
mentioned, where are fome ot the belt and fecureft Plantations of
the Ifland, I came to the Magorty, a large Savanna or Plain. I
met here, growing in great plenty, a fort’of {mall and low fenfible
Plant, not defcribed by any perfon, If any one movd a Switch
or Whip over it, as a Pen on Paper, the forms of the Letters ‘re-
main’d legible for fome time afters. this is defcrib’d hereatter. I
went on cowards Mount Diablo, at the bottom of which, being
benighted, I lay. The Horles of our Company were tied with
Withs, and fed upon fuch Grats as.they conld reach. My Company
and IT went into a Hunters Hut, and lay on Plantain and Palme
Leaves all night. Our Sleep was very much interrupted by che
Croaking of a fort of Tree-Frogs, defcribed hereafter, the finging
of Grafhoppers, and noife of night Aumals. We got up early -

| 3 (Fy the

RN LE AAR TRE AG ORE

LO A SC A LE

RAE A RN SRL 2 CR IE A eee ee”

IxvI The [nireduction.

ey

the morning, crofs’d the Mountain, on which I law thofe wonder-
ful Ferns defcribed hereafter, and obferv'd the Trees cover’d with
the Phafeoli, called Cocos, of which Snuff-Boxes are made, Going
over the Moneque Savanna 1 gather’d the fenfible Plant, and came to
St. Anns. ,

I obferved the Ruins of the Town called Sevilla, among which a
Church buile by Peter Martyr of Angleria, of a fort of Freeftone
(to be had near this City) and Bricks, A Pavement was found
two Miles from this Church, the City was fo large, it had a for-
tified Caftle, the Walls of Pebbles and Brick, four Foot thick; ic
was and is a good Port. There was formerly here one great Su-
gar work ata pretty diftance, the Mill whereof went by Water,
which was brought fome Miles thither. The Axletree of this is to
be icen intite arthis day. This Town is now Captain Hemmings's
Plantation. Phe Church was not finifhed, it was twenty Paces
broad, and thirty Paces long: there were two rows of Pillars
within, over the place where the Altar was to be, were fome Car-
vings under the ends of the Arches, It was built of a fore of Stone,
between Freeftone and Marble caken out of a Quarry about a Mile u
in the Hills ;the Houfes and Foundations ftand for feveral Miles along
and the ground towards the Country is nifing. Captain Hemmings
told me, he fometimes found Pavements under his Canes, three Foot
covered with Earth, and feveral times Wells, and fometimes Bu-
rial-Stones finely Cut. There are the beginnings of a great
Houfe call’d a Monaftery, but Ifuppofe the Houle was defign’d
for the Governour. There were two Coats of Arms lay by, not
fet up; a Ducal one, and that of a Count, I fuppofe belonging to
Columbus his Family, the Proprietors of the Ifland. There had
been raifed a Tower, part Brick, and parc Hewn Stone, as al-
fo feveral Battlements on it, and other lower Buildings not fi-
nifhed. At the Church lie feveral arched Stones to compleat it,
which had never been put up, but Jay among the Canes. The
rows of Pillars within were for the moft part plain. In the
time of the Spaniards it was thought the Furopeans had been
cut off by the Indians, and fo the Church left usfifhed. When
the Englifh took the Ifland, the ruins of this City were fo over.
grown with Wood, that they were all turn’d black, nay; I faw
a Mammee, or Baltard Mammee-Tree grow within the Walls
of the Tower, fo high as that it muft have been a very large
Gun could kill a Bird on the top of it, and the moft part of the
‘Timber fell’d off this place, when it was planted, was fixty Foot
or more long. A great many Wells are on this pround, In
the Bay, under this is a very fine Harbour, made by a Reef rum,
ning

<a merece ere
ieee
“- ae

The Introduction. xvii

ning out a great way, able to holdagreat ma ips
The Weft-Gate of the Church was earast Work, an or if
ty entire, it was feven Foot wide, and as high before the Arch
began. Over the Door in the middle was our Saviour’s Head with
a Crown of Thorns between two Angels, on the right fide a {mall
round figure of fome Saint with a Knife ftruck into his Head. on
the left a Virgin Mary or Madomna, her Arm tied in three places,

Spanifh Fafhion. Over the Gate, under a Coat of Arms, this In-
{cription,

PETRUS. MARTIR. AB. ANGLERIA. ITALUS. CIVIS.
MEDIOLANEN. PROTHON. APOS. HVIVS INSVLE. AB-
BAS. SENATVS. INDICI. CONSILIARIVS. LIGNEAM. PRL
US. 4DEM: HANC. BiS. IGNE. CONSVMPTAM. LATE-
RICIO. ET. QUADRATO. LAPIDE. PRIMVS. A. FUNDA-
MENTIS. EXTRUXIT.

_ The words are entire, except Mediolanenfis, which I have fupplied
becaufe this Peter Martir, a famous Man, wrote himlelf of Mil.o.
He was Author of the Decads, Epiftles, and {ome other Books,which
gave him great Reputation in the World. . |

I went from St. Anns towards St. Georges, where I crofled the Ri.
ver called Rio Nuevo. 1 faw the old Spanifh Fortifications, whither
the Spaniards retreated, and kept themfelves till they were carried to
Cuba, where they, for the mot part, fettled about a place called
St. Jago. Colonel Ballard, who was prefent at the taking of the
Ifland, affured me that the Spaniards (who Inhabited the ifland
to the number of Five thoufand, with as many Blacks) retired
to the North fide, where Seven hundred fortified themlelves ve-
ry well, but were beat in their Forts by fo many Englifh, “The
Governour was an old decrepid Man, who was brought to them
in an Hamaca, his Name was Don Juan Ramires de Arellano Caval-
lero del Flabito de S.Fago. They held it out in this North-fide for
fome time.

The fame Perfon likewile told me that when the Spaniards were
retreated into their Fortifications, at che firft coming of the Englifh
hither, the Spanifh Dogs went all wild, and that they were almoft
as big as Irifh Grey-Hounds. They ufed to hunt of themtelves che
Cattle. which were in theSavannas and Woods. One day Colonel
Ballard aflured me he faw a little reddifhone, call’da Bufc, howl,
and was anfwer'd by the others in the Woods, who came from all
quarters to him, and then went orderly abouc to take their Supper.
The Soldiers ufed to follow the wild Cattle on Horleback, and
take them in the manner before related, “he wild Dogs, who

2 not

Ixv

lil The Introductioi.

not only devour’d and took at Bay the Cows, but Affes, Colts, ee.
did mach mifchief in the night. On the firtt Dilcovery of the
Weft Indies, Dogs were very much uled by the Spaniards to hunt
the poor Indians, who had e(capd them over Rivers or into Woods ;
and their Voyages or Relations tell us there was a certain fhare
of Booty due to the Mafter of the Dog, upon fuch Excurtions, {
think abouc half of what was given to a Man.

Ants are faid to have killed the Spani/) Children by eating their
Eyes when they were lef in their Cradles in this part of the Itlind :
this is given as one Reafon why che Spaniards lett this pare of the
Country, where they had fiuft feceled, and builethe Towns of Sevilis
and Melilla. Sir Thomas Lynch, when Governour of Jamaica, fent to
the old Spanifh Inhabitants of it on Cuba, to know what Reaton they
had to leave it, and go to the South-fide ; the anfwer they miade
was, that they left ic becaufe their Children died there, that there were
abundance of Ants, thac here was no gocd Port, and that it was
out of the Road for the Trade of Cartagena, and Santo Domingo.
How troublefome Ants may be to Men and Women, much more
to Children, may be feen in the Relations of 4frica, particularly
by Denys and Carls, who tell us that when the Ants fec upon a Houle,
the Inhabitants are fore’d co run for it. Lonce went to vifit Mr. Rowe,
a fick Perfon at Sc. Jago de la Vega in Jamaica in a morning, ‘and
found him more than ordinarily dilcompos'd, for that the Ants by

- eating in the night fome of the joints of his Bedftead, his Bed of

a fudden had fallen to the ground; but of this and their won-
derful A@ions, I fhall have occation to Dilcourfe hereafter. In the
Northern fide one tried to kill them with a Train of Gun-Powder,
but couldnot. If you thruft an Aumals Thigh Bone into one of
their Nefts, they will be all kill’d by the Woed-Ants for love of
the Bone. | iow
Ginger is planted in this North-fide:of the Ifland in holes four
Inches deep, made with Houghs in clear’d Ground, ix Inches afun-
der one Root from another. They put into each hole a {mall piece
of a Root, and cover it with Earth, in ewelve Months it covers the
Ground, fo that a Hough cannot be put where the Races or Roots
are nor. At twelve months end, when the Stalks and Leaves are
withered, ‘tis Hough’d up, cleard of its Fibrils, Stalks and Strings,
by a Knife, or the Hand, then wath’d in fair water, put in a Baskerc
about a hundred Pound at atime, and boil’d in a Ketele fora quar-

ter of an bour, then expos’d to the Sun and dried, Though Rain

comes, it hurts it not; chis is che Black Ginger, Frefhi Roots muft
be boil’d in frefh water,

Fhe

Lhe Lnatroduction.

Ixix

The white fort of Ginger is made by only {craping rhe frefh
Root clean of its outward Membrane, and expofing it in the Sun
till ic be dry. This white Ginger is eafily fpoil’d by Worms.
Some fay thac in the Windward {flands or Caribes, “tis only dried
on a fandy Bay. |

There is a white fort prepar'd as the black, only it is boil’d
in Lime-water, which makes it, as they fay, not fo wholefome.
This Root is very often injured by Worms as well as China Roots,
which are apt to breed a {mall light brown Scarabeus, like chac
bred in Rhubarb.

Preferv'd wet Ginger, is made by drawing up the Ginger while
‘tis young, about three months old. After cleanfing, ’tis foak’d in
water far a day, then boil’d in fair water fhifced fix or feven times,
it giving each water a very biting taft, then ’tis clear’d of its outward
Membrane, foak’d again in fair water, and put into a Syrup made
of fine Sugar. It draws the Sugar, fay they, and leaves the water
behind it to be thrown away, then ’tis put into frefh Syrup, and
fo feveral times, and not boil’d up till che laft fhifting, after which
‘tis kept for ule. Dry prelerv’d Ginger is only this expos’d to the
Suns Beams till dry. 7

Guinea Corn, and great Indian Corn, are ripe in three Months or
a little more, from their refpective plantings, Patato’s in fotir, and
Yams in twelve months, |

The way to make Cane-Drink.

Take fix or feven long Sugar-Canes, cut them to pieces, beat
them in a Mortar, put them intoa Ketele, with about three Gallons
of water, boil them for a pretty while, then put as many frefh
Canes, and about a Gallon of water more; Boil chem again.
When ’tis cool, ftrain your Drink, fet it in aJar, and put to it the
white of an Egg beat to froth, to which tome of the Liquor
js added. Let ic work twelve hours, then Bottle it, i looks very
clear. |

Bonano and Plantain Drinks are feverally made by mafhing of ei-
ther of thefe ripe Fruits with water, till it comes to be pretty well
mix’d with che Fruits, then they let ic ftand in a Trough cwelve
hours, and draw it off.

Thefle Liquors are very much us’d for ordinary Drink in the re-
mote Plantations, and North parts of this Ifland.

I was aflured here, chat in this part of the Mland, at a place
called Wague Water, Horfes ftili remain wild in the Hills amon
the Woods, and that whenfoever they are taken and forc’d to ftay in
the Savannas, or are openly expofed to the Sun, they dye in fome
time,

¢4) in

Ixx

The Introduction.

In the North-fide of this land, in the month of January when
the Norths blow, they have great Rains, fo that che Roads are {carce

affable at that time. |

[ returned from the North-fide to the South-fide, by a Road on
the ridge of Hills called Archers-Ridge, and by the Banks of
Orange-River. Afterwards I came to Rio d’ Ovo, which I faw fink
into the Earth, and rife up again out of it in two or three feveral
places.

I went to Guanaboa, where are large Settlements and Plantations,
and obferved that tract of Ground called the Red Hills between
Guanaboa and the Town. The duft of thele Hills is red, apt to
fly, and fticks faft to Travellers, the Soil being claiy and barren,
Guanaboa, or as the Spaniards wrote it, Guainabo, is a fine Valley, ve-
ry well planted, having rain almoft every day.

On thefe Red Hills, four Miles from Town, lived Mr. Barnes a
Carpenter, who ufed to cut and bring Wood to the Town. He
told me that prickly yellow Wood which grows in great plenty here,
and is defcrib'd hereafter, was good for nothing but to burn. He
likewife affured me that the day before I was there (which was Sept. 9.
1688. when at Town! obferved a North-Wind) at his Plantation
here, there happened a thing extraordinary, viz. with the North
came Hail and fell about his Houfe, as big as Pullets Eggs, of
various fhapes, fome corner’d like cut Diamonds, fome fhap’d like
a Heart, exc. he tried to keep them in Flower, but they foon
melted. This Hail beat down his high Caffada to the Roots,
his other things were laid flat by it, it alfo beat down Orange- Trees.
He carried me half a Mile up his Plantation, fhew’d me the Woods
wherein the Spaniards had ufually planced their Caffada for the Town,
after felling of the Woods. The Trees were grown, from the time the
Spaniards had quitted the Ifland, to the time I faw them, to be at
leaft forty or fifty Foot high, long fmall,and ftraight. They often
in thofe Woods meet with Palifadoes, Orange-Walks, Limes, and
other marks of formerly planted Ground. He once, ten years ago,
in the Mountains in a natural hole in a Rock, found a Coffin
partly corrupted, with a Body in it, he fuppos’d it to have been
fome Spaniard thrown in there in haft. |

Half a Mile from his Plantation, ten years ago, he found a Cave
in which lay a human Body’s Bones all in order, the Body having
been eaten by the Ants. The Ants Nefts we found there, the reft of
the Cave was fill’d with Pots or Urns, wherein were Bones of Men
and Children, the Pots were Oval, large, of a redifh dirty colour.
On the upper part of the Rim or Ledge there ftood out an Ear, on
which were made fome Lines, the Ears were not over an Inch {quare,
towards the top it had two parallel Lines went round, being

; | | grofely

The Introduction,

Ixxi

grofly cut in the Edges near. The Negroes had remov'd moft of
thefe Pots to boil their Meat in, The Cave was about eight or
nine Foot Diameter, roundifh, and about five Foot high, it was on
a fufficiently high Precipice, of nine Foot fteep. Afcent before one
came at ic. It was before opening curioufly fhut in on all fides wich
thin, Hat Stones. The Ants had eat one Carcafs to the Bones, and
had made holes in their ends, whereat they enter’d, I fuppofe, to eat
the Marrow.

At Guanoboa, in the time of the Spaniards, were great Chocolate or
Cacao-Nut-Walks ; bute after that Tree was blafted, moft of them
wereruind, The Trees wild in thefe ruin’d Plantations, are grown
in fo fhort time monftroufly, being fome of them feveaty Foot of
good Timber. Surveyors know all the Trees by their Barks. Thofe
that grow low and bufhy in the Commons, grow high and call in the
Woods, | i

At Guanaboa the great Rains are in May, and continue fo till
O€tober from the Sea, then their Norths come in. I {aw here in the
Gully, a Rock upwards of fixty Foot perpendicular heighth, being
the fide of a Hill, which towards the Gully was fteep, ic was call’d
the end of the World. There is another Rock much more than
twice as high, towards fixteen-Mile-Walk, in the Road from the
Town near the hollow Rock, _ !

Here, on the barren fides of {mall rocky Hills, I faw great va-
riety of Gourds, They ferve the Ifland iaftead of Bottles, Pails,
Ladles, {mall-hoop’d Veflels, Coopers, Turners, and Glafs- Wares.
‘They are of feveral Shapes and Sizes, from {mall ones, of which are
made Snuff-Boxes, to fuch as will hold four or five Gallons, All
of them, except the {weet one, which is usd for Preferves and
Sweet-Meats, are purgative. The Leaves in Clyfters are given in
the Belly-ach. The Bottle, and other Gourds are clean’d either by
lying in the Field all dry, when by cutting off the Top, the Seeds
come cut, or by putting in Water, which by moiftning brings the
Pulp and Seeds out. If one drinks the Water that has ftood in a green
Gourd, ‘tis very purging, but ’tis not fo in one long us‘d.

I faw them likewife here Preferve, or Pickle Green Indian-Bell-

Pepper. Before it turns red, this Capficum is cut and cleanfed from
its Seeds, then has a gentle Boil in Water, and fo is put into a Pickle
of Lime Juice, Salt and Water, and kept for ule.

To make China-Drink. Take four or five handfuls of the Root
cut in pieces, boil it in fo many Gallons of Water, take it off the
Fire, let it cool, and put two Pounds of clarify’d Sugar to it, let it

ftand, and after twelve Hours bottle it, It is of a red Colour, and

a very pleafant Drink,

Int

ee

Ixxil | The Introduction.

cE ES A

In time of Sugar-making, two Quarts of clear Moloffes is thought
better than the Sugar.

Beyond Guanaboa in the Mountains, were feveral Cacao-Walks, or
Plantations in the time of the Spaniards, but now they are ruined,
only fome few Cacao-Trees ftand here and there in the Woods, as
there is of Oranges, ¢7c. the Wood about them is likewife here
grown fince the Spaniards left the Ifland, as high as any of the Ifland,
being feventy Foot high of Timber,

I went to Liguanee, and crofled from Pa/fage- Fort, the Arm of the
Sea which comes in by Port-Royal.

The greateft part of the Shore of this Ifland, and particularly of
this Bay, are full of a Tree call'd Mangrove, of which I fhall fpeak
hereafter. In the mean time, I think fit only to take notice that
Oifters grow or ftick to thefe Trees, not upon them like Fruit, as is
vulgarly conceived, but only to fo much of the Root of the Mangrove-
Tree, as is under Water : the Tree-Oitters {tick and faften themfelves,
and afterwards feveral of them ftick together, the lower down they
are the bigger ; fo that at low Water the beft is taken. They caufe
the Flux and Fevers when eat in excefs, and tafte fomewhat like
ours. When through any Accident thefe Oifters die, they corrupt,
ftink, and infeét the Air and Wind, and are noifom to the places
about them, on this account the Land-Winds are thought to bring
Port-Royal no good Air.

Sloops may, if they know the Paflage or Canal, go to Paffage-
Fort from Port-Royal, otherwife they cannot for the Shoals. Men of-
War Birds, fo call’d, appear in this Bay, they fly like Kites, look
black, are very large-wingd in proportion to the Body, they fight
with Sea-Gulls, ( which are’to-be'found -here, and are like ours,) for
their Prey. SEES 8 SRE tie)

Pelicans fifh in this Bay, likewife in blowing Weather, when
they cannot fifh abroad, and in the calm Mornings they dive after
their Prey. Spanifh Mackarel are taken in this Bay in plenty. They
are like ours, only made like a Boneto. I here obferved a {mall Shoal
of {mall Fifhes to leap out of the Water, being purfued by greater
Fifhes.

The whole Shoals between Port-Royal and Paffage-Fort are cover'd ©
with Coral of feveral forts, and Alga anguftifolia Vitrariorum or Sea~
Grafs. There are alfo Star-Fifhes of feveral forts, large and five-
pointed, as well as fmall, and feveral forts of the Echinus Marinus. Al-
legators are often drawn on Shoar in the Senne-Nets by the Fifher-men,
whole Nets are generally broken by them. Thefe Allegators are fo
call'd from the word Alagarta, in Spanifh, fignifying a Lizard, of which
this is an amphibious fort. When I was in Jamaica, there was one

of

wee pO a pa Ixxili

~~

tn

of thele ufled to do abundance of mifchief to the Peoples Cattle in
the Neighbourhood of this Bay, baving his regular courfes to look
for Prey. Oneof the Inhabitants there, as | was cold, tied a long
Cord to his Bedftead, and to the other end of the Cord faftened
a piece of Wood and a Dog, fo that the Allegator {wallowing
the Dog and piece of Wood, the latter came crofs his Throat, as it
was defign’d, and after pulliag the Bedftead to the Window, and
awaking the Perfon in Bed, he was caught. Allegators love Dogs
creamy, but prey alfoon Cattle. This Allegator was nineteen feet
ong.

There are allo Sharks co be found in the Sea hereabouts. A Man
bathing in the Sea by Port-Royal had part of the Flefh of his Arm
and Breaft at one mouthful corn off by a Shark, of which he imme-
diately died. I was told that one Rockey a Privateer ufed to go
and fight with them in the Water, and fo do fome Divers, killing
them with Bodkins run into their Bellies, while they turn themfelves
to Prey.

I {aw in this Harbour and Bay a Ship come from Guinea, loaded
with Blacks to fell. The Ship was very nafty with fo many People
on Board. I was affured chat the Negroes feed on Pindals, or Indian
Earth-Nuts, afore of Pea or Bean producing its Pods under ground.
Coming from Guinea hither, they are fed on thefe Nuts, or Indian-
Corn boil’d whole twice a day, at eight a Clock, and four in the
Afternoon, each having a Pint of Water allow’d him. The Ne-
groes from Angola and Gamba, are not troubled with Worms, but
chole from the Gold Coaft very much,

I was inform’d here that Ewes bring forth twice in fifteen
months, without any regard co the time of the year ; but Cows
bring forth their young according to the Seafons of Europe.

I {aw fome Guinea-Sheep, they were brought by a Ship from that
Country, being provided by the Commander to eat at Sea, but when
the Ship arrived they were prefented toa Planter in Liguanee. They
are like Goats inevery relpeét, having for the moft part black and
white fhort Hair, likethat of a {ix weeks or a month old Calf. They
are much lefs than Goats, multiply very faft, and are very {weet
Meat.

At fome Plantations bordering on this Bay many Whites die, as
believed by che ill Air; fome of them lying in bottoms, bordering
on Marfhes near the Sea. On the other hand, Plantations that are
feated high are very healthy, and the People are not fickly. Colonel
Barrys Houle all galleried round, was formerly, whenthe Spaniards
poffels'd the Ifland, the only place in Liguance inhabited, A very
rich Widow had here a Sugar-work, and abundance of Cattle in che
Savanna’s, near forty thouland,

ag

(t) The

ssuanfitenasmapapesemna peer ten tena —

neg a OR LE EC AT TIT TS AE IS a eee a

txxi y Tbe Introduction.

ee Se Ree

a ns

The Spaniards thought that in Liguanee, was to be found good
Gold and Copper Oar, for when Sir Thomas Lynch lent to know of
cae old Inhabitants of Famaica at Cuba, where they had found Mines
in Jamaica, they anfwered in Liguanee, but that they never had
wrought them.

When I was at Liguanee, I was inform’d that there was a Planta-
tion in the Mountains belonging to Captain Hiarrifon, where was a
Garden the beft furnifhed of any in the Ifland with European Garden.
Plants; fuch as are either ufed for Phyfick, for the Kitchen, or for
Ornament. The high. fituation of the place made ic fitter for the
Produétion of thefe Vegetables, becanfe the higher the cooler, and _
that generally there are more Rains and Showers on Mountains than
in the Valleys. Here followsa Lift of the European Plants I met
with in chis Garden, and of thofe which I obferv’d to grow in other
parts of the Ifland. They all thrive almoft as well as in Europe,
fave Wheat, Oats, and Apples.

Apium bortenfe few petrofelinum vulgo. C. B. pin. p. 153. Com-
mon Parfley.

Abfynthinm Ponticum, fen Romanum offcinarum, few Diofcoridis. C.B.
pin. p.138, Common-Wormwoood.

Artemifia vulgaris major. C.B. pin. p.137- Common-Mugwort.

Meliffa hortenfis. C. B. p. 229. Bawm.

Lavendula major five vulgaris. Park. p. 73. Lavender.

Thymus vulgaris folio tenure. C.B. pin. p.219. Thyme.

Satureia bortenfis. Park. p. 4. Savory.

Fiyffopus fativus vulgaris. Lugd. p.933- Hyflop.

Pulegium latifolium, C.B. pin. p. 222. Penny-Royal.

Tanacetuim vulgare. Park. 462. Tanfie.

Carduus Bene diétus, Park, p. 530. Carduus.

Forminun [clarea diftum. C.B. pin. p. 238, Clary.

“Borago. ‘Cam. hort. p.29. Bortrage™

Bugloffum. Park. p. 239. Buglofs, cae

Pimpinella Janguiforba minor lirfuta, C.B. pin, p.160. Burnet:

Melo vulgaris. C, B. p. 310. Musk-Melons.

Afparagus fativus, Ger. Sparagus.

Cinara hortenfis. foltis non aculeatis. C. B. pin, p. 383. Artichokes,

Paftinaca fativa five carota lutea alba, J.B. Tom, z,. 19,299

ti pe

p. 6o. |
Paftinaca fativa five carota rubra. Ejufd. , .
Red Carrots, * f / 16. Yellow, White, and

Nafturtinm horten e ul atun. ec 1 oe, we
Garden-Crefles” fe eelgarnm. CB i; P. 130, Common:

Mentha

ER ORE RES oy ene Poe

mre steams :
A ORNS IR I a ng Te «

The Introduétion xxv,

Mentha prima five rubra. Park. par. p. 480. Garden-Mint.

Fragaria vulgaris. C. B. pin. p. 526. Strawberry,

Smilax horten fis five phafeolus mar. C B, pin. p. 339. Kidney-
Beans or French. Beans,

Raphanus minor oblongus. C. B. p. 96. Garden-Radith,

me —'Kufocarnis, C. Bh. pin. p.96. Horfe-Radifh.

Brafica vulgaris fativa, Lob, obf. p. 122. Icon. p. 243. Cole-
worts,

Latiuca fativa. C. B. pin. p. 122, Garden-Lettice.

Glycyrrhiza vulgaris, Dod. p.341. Liquorice,

Kuta hortenfis major latifolia. Motif. hilt. p. 507. Rue.

Calendula fativa. Tab.tom. 2. p. 49. Marygold.

Cucumis fativus vulgaris. C. B. pin. p. 310. Cucumbers.

Rofa Provincialis five Damafcena. Ger. Province Roles, Thefe
grow very well in Barbados.

Rofmarinus. Riv. p. 10. Rofemary.

Vitis Venifera, Lac. p. 502. The Vine.

Pomus five malum. C. B. pin. p. 432. The Apple-Tree,

Salyia major vulgaris. Park. p. 40. Sage.

Braffica capitata alba. C.B. pin. p. tir. Cabbage.

Ficus communis, C.B. pin. p. 557. The Fig- Tree.

Acetofa pratenfis. C. B. pin. p. 114. Sorrel.

Marrubium nigrum fatidum ballote Diofcoridis, C.B. pin. p. 23.

Avena vulgaris five alba. C.B. pin. p. 23. Oats,

Rapa fativa rotunda, C.B. pin. p. 89. Round-Turnep.

— —Oblonga, Ejufd. p.90. Long-‘Turnep.

Pifum arvenfe. C.B. p. 342. Field-Peale.

Cepe vulgaris, ©. By pin. zt. Onion. —

Sinapi fatioum. Ger. Muftard. "~

Triticum. Adv. p. 5. Wheat.

Rubus Ideus. Rasberries. This was the fame with that of En-
rope, only more creeping.

Flowers. |

Tanacetum Africanum majus flore pleno. C. B.

_— — Minus flore fimplict. C.'B.

Amaranthus fimplict panicula, C. B. pin. p. 124. Amaranth.

_ _. Paniculaincurva holofericea. Ger.

Ehyacinthus Indicus tuberofa radice. Clufrar.pLhift.p.176. Tuberofes.

oe

—

Pwent to Colonel Grew’s Plantation, May, 19. chey were fecting
after‘ days Rain, fome clay-colour’d and red Peale. One or more
of the Negroes went with a How, and feratch’d up {ome Earth, and
a litele after followed another Black, who put into the hole three

Peale, and'then’ with his Foot cover'd them with the mould gop

IxXxv} The Introduction.

off by the former. One ortwo of the Peafe is fuppofed to be eaten
by Vermin. They were planted at abouc two Foot diftance, and
are ripe in two months, gathered when dry, and boiled as Peafe in
England. They are good nourifhment tor Negroes. ‘They are uncer-
tain in Seafons, or Rains here, therefore plant no Cotton,

Indian Corn cannot be fet to grow bur after Rain. It is beft
to be hung up in its Membranes to be hardened and kept from
Weevils,

There is a fort of White Caffada not poyfonous, which boil’d as
Yamsare, may be eat like them.

I was inform’d here that Snails Calcin’d, and a water made of
them like Lime-water, it is a good Remedy in Bloody-Fluxes.

For the better underftanding of feveral matters in the We/t- Indies,
I think ict proper to fubjoin fome accounts I received from feveral
Credible Perfons who had lived, and made Voyages to {feveral parts
in the Neighbourhood of Jamaica. Thefe follow without any other
order than that of the time they were cold me, and enterd in my
Journal which was generally when the Perfons came upon their firft
arrival to wait on the Duke of Albemarle as Governour of the
Ifland,

One King Jeremy came from the Mofquitos (an Indian People neat
the Provinces of Nicaragua, Honduras, and Cofta Rica) he pretended
to be a Kingthere, and came from the others of his Country, to
beg of the Duke of Albemarle, Governor of Jamaica, his Protection,
and that he would fend a Governour thither, with a power to War
on the Spaniards, and Pirats. “This he alleged to be due to his Coun-
try from the Crown of England, who had in the Reign of Kin
Charles 1. fubmitted itfelfto him. The Duke of Albemarle did nothing
in this matter, being afraid it might be a trick of fome people to fet
up a Government for Bucaniers or Pirats. This King Jeremy, in
coming to Town, asking many queftions about the Ifland, and not
receiving as he thought, a fatistactory account, he pull'd off his Euro-
pean Cloaths his Friends had put on, and climb‘d to the top of a
Tree, to cake a view of the Country. The Memorial, and fub-
ftance of what he, and che people with him, reprefented to the Duke
of Albemarle; was, That in the Reign of King Charles I. of ever
Blefled Memory, the Earl of Warwick (by virtue of Letters of Re-
prizal granted by his faid Majefty for Damages received from the
Subjects of his Catholick Majefty) did poflels himfelf of feveral
Iflands in the Weft-Indies, particularly that of Providence, (fince called
by the Spaniards St. Catalina,) which is ficuate in 13 deg, 10m
Ne Lat. lying Eaft from Cape Gratias de Dios, (vulgarly known
by the name of the Muskitos) between Thirty and Forty Leagues ;
which put the faid Earl upon trying all ways and means of future

| Corre-

we”

The Introduéfion. Ixxvii

Correfpondence with the Natives of the faid Cape and neigbouring
Country, and in fome little time was fo fuccefsful as to gain that Point,
and farther prevail’d with them fo far, as to perfuade them to fend
home the King’s Son, leaving one of his People as Hoftage for him,
which was Colonel Morris, now living at New York. ‘The Indian
Prince going home with the faid Earl, ftaid in England three years, in
which time the Indian King died, and the faid Natives having in that
time had intercourfe of Friendfhip and Commerce with thofe of Pro-
vidence, were foon made fenfible of the Grandeur of his Mayefty of
Great Britain, and how neceffary his Protection was tothem. Upon
the recurn of the faid Indian Prince, they perfuaded him to refign up
his Authority and Power over them, and (with them) unanimoufly
declare themfelves the Subjects of his faid Majelty of Great Britain,
in which Opinion they have ever fince perfifted, and do own no
other Supream Command over them, As to the Fertility of their
Soil, “tis a very great Level, free from any Mountains for feveral
Leagues from the Sea, the Soil black Mold mixt with Sand, where
otherwife, the Land is cavered with Pine-Trees, of the nature of
New England Fir, well watered with great Rivers and Rivulets.
Their chief Commerce being managed in Canoes; for Harbours it
hath but two, and they both barr’d, and fo not capable of receiving
any Veffel that draws above Eleven or Twelve Foot Water, but
when within, able to receive Ships of the greateft Burthen, chat may
lay their Sides to the Shore, and Careen fafely. In thefe Harbours are
Banks or rather Rocks of Oifters, from the bignefs of Horfe-
fhoes, to thofe of Colcheffer, or lefs, As to the Nature of the In-
habitants, they are Affable and Courteous, very Holpitable, and rea-
dy to relieve all People in Diffrefs, but ‘more cfpecially endear’d to
thofe of the Englifh Nation. ‘The Men ‘generally {peak broken
Englifh, there is nothing more hateful to them than breach of Pro-
mile, or telling an Uncruth, their Words being inviolable. ‘They
are always on their Guard for Fear of their neighbouring Enemies,
and for the molt pare get theit Living by Fifhing, “Their moft ufual
Arms are fix hand Lances flight ones, and one other very large and
ftrong,with which they nimbly avoid thofe that are darted from their
Enemy, the leffer ones they handle fo dextroufly, that they dare
fmali Fifhes, about che bignefs of a Salmon-Trout, Thirty Yards,
and though their Country have great plenty of Deer, Pecary, and
Wild-Fowl; yet they get moft of their Provifions out of the Sea.
Their manner of living now 1s Patriarchal, their Families being nu.
merous, they allowing plurality of Wives, of which only the old
Womenand Children perform the Work of all the reft of the Fa-
mily, but every individual Perfon pays great Duty and Refpect to
the Paterfamilias, who is abfolute Judge in all Cafes, and from
. ee 4) whom

IXxVvill The Introdudion.

whom there is no Appeal. Ali they produce jrom the Earth, of
Provifions (which they fell to the Men of War, and other Veffels
trading on the Coalt ) 1s equally divided among the whole Fa-
mily, only the Chief and bis Wife have euch wo Shares Were
fome Perfons induftrious to fettle among them, and encourage chem
to plant, the richnels of the Soil would ealily, and advantageoufly
produce any Commodity, efpecially Indico, but:hey Will not permic
any other Nation to fettle among them but the Engli/h, they 4ave
fome propenticy to the Dutch, buc the French they more) hare for
their wanton behaviour towards their Wives. As <o cocir Number,
no fure account can be given, they being fettled ac fuch great di-
ftance, and uncapable to give a true Litimate of themie.ves, being
wholly unlearned, only fome that have been at Providence, have
learned the Lords Prayer, the Creed and Ien Commandments,
which they repeat with great Devotion.

One Captain Gough, who had lived there, told me they had there-

about much Cochineel-Tree planted botin by the Indians end Spaniards,
fometimes in Fields of Fifty or Sixty Acres of Ground ; that they keep
thefe Opuntia or Trees very clean, chat the Infects may breed on them ;
that this fort grows very high like prickly Pears, only has no Prickles
or very few : that the Infeéts come from another Tree, and that the
appear on the Surface of thefe Plants, in form of little Sladders, which
they {weep down into an Iron Pan, which afterwards being fer on
the Fire, icaves fomething like a Spiders Web. Afterovare's they put
this Cochineel into Chefts as cured; if ic be not enough dried, ic
takes lite and flies away. I fhall have occafion to {peak more of this
hereafter.

He told me alfo Vaniglias grew here, and are cured by taking chem
off the Vine (which runs very far) at acercain ripenefs, dipping them
into hot Water, and drying them in the fhade. If they be pulled
too young they break, and are brittle; if too.old they open, which
they do of themfelves on the Trees.. Another Perfon told me the
Vaniglias were cured after the following manner, and I am the more
willing to publifh it, becaufe they are {aid to grow in Famaica, and

that they cannot be fent from thence to Europe, becaufe of their Ig-
norance of the way of curing them.

Another Way to Cure Vaniglias.

Gather them when full ripe, prepare a Liquor, or Brine of Water
and Salt, fo trong as to bear an ee then es to it a fourth part of
Chamber-ly, anda reafonable quantity of unflak’d Lime, and when
that is incorporated, boil all together about half an Hour, then
take it off, and put the Vaniglias into the Liquor, and let them re-

main

ee

The Introduction, Ixxix

are

main there till they are throughly fcalded or parboil’d ; then take
them out, and dry them in the fhade where no Sun may come at
tem.

The fame Perfon {poke of a Gum or Ballam, called China-
Balfam, growing in the atorefaid Mofqustes Country, which is pro.
cured by applying Fire to one fide of the Tree, and gafhing the
other, at which yaihes a black Balfam {weats out, very proper for
Wounds,

‘They make ufe of Plantain or Mufa-Leaves for Table Cloths,
and Napkins.

The Women live very much in awe and fubmiffion to their
Husbands in this Country.

Towards the Havana, in Cuba, there are abundance of Spouts
to be feen, more than in any ocher part of the We/t Indies, Ic is all
plain, level, and very tertile Ground thereabouts, 1 was told that
the Bnglifh Prifoners taken, as Pirates or Traders, and kept by the
Spanards, by their feveral Arcifices, and Skill in Mechanics, get a
very good Subfiftence.

Ia cic Lake of Maricrsbo, Six Henry Morgan told me, afar off
heonce faw a chick Cioud, which when he came near, he found
to be Mif/guiros or Gnats. The Country thereabouc is fo marifh
and wet, as chat the Inhabirants are forc’d to build zcheir Houles on
the Trees, as Ants do in many places for the fame reafon.

T perufed here at Jamaica, a Journal of Sir William Phipps, which

aye an account of che firft finding of the great Plate Wreck to the
North-Eaft of Aif/paniola. After Sir William Phipps had been at Sa-
mana, on the North-fide of Aii/paniola, he went with one Rogers,
Malter of a fmall Ship to Porto Plata, and there difcharging three
Guns to get the Spaniards to Trade, they came down, and the Engli/h
fold {mail Bables, and Searges for Hides, and jirked Hogs taken by
che Huncers there. In the mean time Rogers had been on the Wreck,
difcover’1c by means of a Sea-Feather, growing on the Planks of
rhe Ship lying under water, and brought from thence the news of
ics being found. They went thither, found it grown over with
Cors!, and Lapis Affroites, and took up Silver as the Weather and
their Divers held out, fome days more, and fome lefs. The {mall
Ship went near, the great one rode afar off. At laft they got in Bullion
22196/. in Coin 30326. of which were Sows, and great Bars 3 36.
Afver they {ail for Lurks Iflands for Salt, and going chicher, after
feveral hours failing, had almoft been a-ground and wreck'd on the
Handkercher Shoal. They about the Wreck were fometimes in fe-
yea Fathom Water, and immediately almoft out of reach of the

bottom by founding. This

xxx

The Introdudkion.

This Wreck had been a Spanifh Galeon loft on thele Shoals,
near the Abreojos or Handkercher Shoals, to the North Eaft of Fiy-
paniola, about the year 1659. bound for Spain, “Tne Inhabitants
of Hi/paniola, who uled to Trade with Sir William Phipps, had ac-

uainted him with it. He propofed the taking up of this Silver to
the Duke of Albemarle, who together with Sir James Hayes, Mr. Ni-
cholfon, and others, fet out two Ships, a greater and a lefler, laden
with Goods to Trade with His/paniola, and the Spaniards in the
Weft Indies, incafe they failed of the Wreck. They found chis Wreck,
as is above related, and wrought on it cll che Ships Crew grew
{carce of Provifions, when they had taken up about Twenty fix
Tuns of Silver. A Sloop from Bermudas came to their help:
when they fail’d for England the Sloop return’d to Bermudas, and
there difclofed the Matter, which foon went to the other Iflands.
From thefe parts, and Jamaica, Sloops and Divers were fent, who
took up avaft quantity more of Plate and Money, fo that before
a fecond Fleet came from England, the greateft part of what Silver re-
main’d unfifh’d wastaken up. Not only the Angli/h trom the Plan-
tations and England, but the Prince of Orange, afterwards King
William, trom Holland, equip’d a Ship which was fent thither, bur
they came too late. Thofe who commanded the Dutch Ship, and
Sir Jobn Narborough, who was inthe Englifh, return’d without any
confiderable Cargoes of Silver. It happened fo not only to the firft
Pacentees, but to many other People, who by the example of this
Project (where the Duke of Albemarle received Fifty thoufand Pound
for Eight hundred, and others in proportion) hoping for the fame
Succefs, took out Patents for Wrecks lying at the bottom of the Seas
in all places, efpecially in the Weft Indies, where any Trafiick is ufed,
not confidering that though there have been loft divers Ships laden

with Money, on many Shoals of the We/t-Indies, fuch as the Serra-

nillas between Jamaica and the Continent, the Bahama Shoals, ec.
yet in moft parts there is {uch a Vegetation of Coralline matter out
of the Sea-water, as that the bottom of the Sea is incruftated with ir,
and the Wrecks hid by them, The Pieces of Eight in the Silver-
Wreck above-mention’d, that was loftin 1659. were covered with
this Matter about a quarter of an Inch thick, and I have a piece of
the Timber of the Ship, with an Iron Boltin it, grown over with
the Corallium afperum candicans adulterinum J. B. and tome of the Pieces
of Eight incruftated, others almoft covered with Affroites. Thole
underneath were corroded with the Sea-water, fo that many of them
ftuck together. Thefe things I have canfed, atleaft{ome of them,
to be graved. Ie isnot only from this, but alfo Sand driving by the
Windsand Currents, or Earthquakes that happen at the bottom of the
Sea, thar Wrecksmay be cover'd, and paft finding out, remember

an

an African Ship, jaden with Elephants Teeth, wreck’d on the Coaft
of Suffex, which Mr. Halley told me was in a very fhort time almoft
covered with Sand and Oafe, fo that the Project of recovering the
Teeth, was fruftrated, though by the help of a Diving-Bell, con-
triv’d by his extraordinary Skill, they had gone to the bottom of
the Sea, and into the Ship, where they had a perfect view of the
Ship, and all about it. Though the Money brought into England
from the firft Wreck was very confiderable, yec much more was
loft on Projeéts of the fame nature. For every filly Story of a rich
Ship loft, was credited, a Patent taken out, Divers, who are usd
to Pearl-fifhing, ¢~c, and can ftay under Water fome Minutes,
bought or hir’d at great Rates, and a Ship fet ouc for bring-
ing home Silver. There was one Ship loft amongft the reft, faid
to be very rich, near Bermudas, which was divided into Shares and
fold. It was {aid to be in the Pofleffion of the Devil, and they told
Stories how he kept it. I do not find the People, who {pent their
Money, on this,’or any of thefe Projects, excepting the firft, got
any thing by chem,

Colonel Nedham, who had liv’d fome time in Teneriff, told me, that
in the Year 1649. Locufts deftroy’d all the Product of that Ifland ;
they faw them come off from the Coaft of Barbary, the Wind being
a Levant from thence; they flew fo far as they could, then one lighted
in the Sea, and another on it, fo that one after another they made a
heap as big as the greateft Ship above Water, and were efteemed al-
moft as many under. Thofe above Water, next Day, after the
Sun’s refrefhing them, took flight again, and came in Clouds to the
Ifland, from whence they had perceiv'd them in the Air, and
had by their Military Officers gathered all the Soldiers of the Ifland
and La Laguna together, being feven or eight thoufand Men, who
laying afide their Arms, fome took Bags, fome Spades, and having
notice by their Scouts from the Hills, where they alighted, they went
ftraic thither, made Trenches, and brought their Bags full, and co-
verd them with Mould. Thisdid not do, for fome of the Locutts
efcap'd, or being caft on the Shoar, were reviv'd by the Sun, and flew
abouc and deftroyed all the Vineyards and Trees. They eat the
Leaves, and even the Bark of the Vines where they alighted. After
two Months fruitlefs management of them fo, the Ecclefiafticks
took them in hand by Penances, with Swords tied to their Arms,
voluntary Whippings, exc. by Excommunications by Bell, Book
and Candle, by f{prinkling with Holy-Water, Proceffions and Crof-
fes; amongft the reft one voluntary Penance was rolling round
the Hands and Arms, Feet, Legs, and Body with hard Ropes ;
but all would nor do, the Locufts ftaid there four Months ;

~~

(x) Cattle

i oe Introduction. Ixxxi

te

IxxXll he Introduééioz.

—

Cattle eat them and died, and fo did feveral Men, and others ftruck
out in Botches. The other Canary Ilands were fo troubled alfo,
they were forced to bury their Provifions for fear of being oblig’d to
relieve their common Neceffity with what was to produce for their
own Families. They were troubled forty Years before with the like
Plague.

A very credible Perfon, on the Agreement of the Afiento or Spani/h
Weft-India Company, with the Merchants call’d Grillo’s of Genoa,
and of them with the Royal African Company, went to Cartagena,
in a Spanifh Ship, with Five hundred Negroes, he was fent from
thence to Porto-Bello, where they could not get Liberty to go on
Shoar, but received their Money and good Entertainments in their
Ship. They return’d to Cartagena, where buying Spam/b Habits,
they went about the Town. It is, as he told me, twice as big as
Port-Royal, ftands almoft encompafs’d by the Sea, is wall’d with
Stone, and has feveral Forts or Caftles in it. Its Houfes are buile
of Stone or Brick two Stories high, with Balconies and Roofs
jetting over them. Things here are twice as cheap as at Porto-
Bello, becaufe of the vent of Commodities from this laft place to
Panama. . ?

When the Exglifh, under the Command of Sir Henry Morgan,
came from Porto Bello, and Panama, (which places they had taken )
after certain contagious Fevers, they, for che moft part, fell into the
Yellow-Jaundice, grew worfe and died of it, after languifhing a
great while in the greateft Degree of it, which is commonly caild
the Black-Jaundice. They look’d with the Jaundice like Indians,
and were, when remediable, chiefly cured by che Infufion of Goofe-
Dung. wena of ’ eat. £35} 2312
, i - be SRE bags 1.

‘A Sea-man related that he wafhing his blue Jacket on the Fore-
caftle, coming hither, the Ship having frefh way he loft it, but two
Days after, having been becalm’d, they took a Shark, and found
in his Belly the blue Jacket, not otherwife alter'd than by the holes
of his Teeth in chawing.

~ Several Perfons who ufed the Logwood Trade, or who were im-
ploy'd in cutting that Wood, otherwife call’d Campeche-Wood, ufed
by Dyers, inform’d me, that at about fifteen Leagues from the Town
of Campeche, are two Creeks, the Eaftern and Northern, in which
laft they cut Logwood. This is call’d the Logwood-River, the
Inhabitants live in Huts on each fide of. this narrow Creek, near
Two hundred Englifh, and are ready on the appearance of amy Ene-
my to hinder thetr landing by firing on them en each fide, every

th one

en oe

The lutroduction. Ixxx

606

it

one having his Firelock and other Arms ready. It is a knotted
crooked Wood, growing in Marfhes, three or four together up the
two Creeks, or Lagunas, about eight Leagues from where the fhip-
ping Rides; it is very hard, and bears a fmail Leaf like a Heart.
‘They Saw it down, then cut pieces of it of about four or five
Foot long, then cleave it. It is of adark or purple, near a black
colour. The Englifh, who have lived there many years, Cut and
Sell ic to the Sloops for about Three Pound per Tun, for which
the Sloops bring them Cloathing, Victuals, Rum, Sugar, ec. The
Sloops carry this Wood, and fell ic at Port-Royal for about Six
Pound per Tun; the half of the Profit going to the Mafter of the
Sloop. When any of the Englifh at Campeche refolve to come away,
they having got Logwood, it may be Thirty or Forty Tun, they
embark it and themielves in a Sloop for Jamaica, where the half
Profits go tothemfelves, and the half to the Mafter, otherwife chey
fend it, and paying the Fraight, viz. the half Profits, their Money
is return’d them. The Indians of this place us’d formerly to Trade
with them, but the Anglifh not keeping ther Faith, buc taking and
jelling them, they are retired up into the Country feveral Leagues.
There are on an Ifland near this, wild Cows and Bulls in abun-
dance ; there are alfo wild Deer near this River. The Spaniards
who are offended at this fetclement equipp’d fome Periaguas and
Hulks againft them; but before they were ready they were burnt
by the Englifh, fince they only lie out at Sea off this place cruifing
on their Sloops and Merchant Men, ‘The Englifh have a place
ftronger than their Huts for their Provifion, and when a Strength
much greater than theirs comes againft them, they retire to che
Woods. They have been cut off feveral times by the Spaniards
in this place, and yet have fettled here again. This ufage of che
Spaniards is fomewhat harfh, if what Sir Henry Morgan has often
told me be true, that this Logwood River was in the Pofleffion of
the Englifh at the time of the Treaties being fign'd at Madrid con-
cerning the Weft-Indies. The Ships lie Eight Leagues trom the

cutting place, and the Wood is carried to them by Long-Boats and.

Sloops.

1 was told that the Pearl-Fifhing of the Spaniards at Margarita
was fail’d, but chat there was a fifhing at Rio de la Hlacha not far
of; The Indians Dive and bring up the Pearl-Oifters, they dare noe
take any Rake or Iron to Drudge them up, for fear of deftroying
the young breed, under pain of High Treafon ; the biggelt lies in
deepeft water, they Dive on the Banks in Nine Fathom water. The
Indians Steing the firm part of the Oifterson Lines, and dry them
againft a Wall, and when they are dry and tranfparent, they are

eaten

te

en)

-Ixxxiv The Introduction.

eaten by the Spaniards. The Pearls are fold by the Indians to the
Spaniards by the Shell full. They are dark more or lefs, and are
not of fo clear a colour as the Oriental Pearls are. When the Jn-
dians find very large Pearls, they keep and hide them till they find
a better Merchant, which are often others than the Spaniards. This
Pearl fifhery was farmed of the Spaniards by Enclith Merchants of
Jamaica when I was there.

New- England Horfes are frequently brought to Jamaica, they are
bought for Five Pound apiece in New England, and kept by the
wayon Bran, they ufually are fold in Jamaica at Fifteen Pounds,
they are rougher than the Horles in the Ifland ufually Pace, and
lofe their Hair at firft coming.

The Inhabitants of New- England Pickle Pork and Beef either dry
or wet, the firft is done in bad Cask, the other in good Cask, and
is much the better, the firft proving ordinarily rufty.

Fifh preferv'd and cur'd, both dry and wet, come from thence.

One half-Barrel of Irifh Pork is worth about Twenty two Shil-
lings, and a Barrel of Beef as much, which is in Provifion, to be
diftribuced for the fupport of Servants and Slaves, reckoned equiva-
lent to it. :

Sale wet Mackerel comes from New-England, and is much ufed in
this Ifland for the fupport of Slaves and Servants,

The true way of fatting Cattle, as I was inform’d by the Grafiers
of Jamaica, is by bleeding them in the Jugular Vein (which will
ftop of its felf) and then purging them with Aloe or Sempervive
Leaves clear'd of their outward Skins, and thruft down by Gobbets
till a whole Leaf is fwallowed.

The fame has been effectual in a Man, in reftoring the tone of
his Stomach loft by drinking. It purges Cattle and Men of Worms,
and may make them fat that way.

The lefs Nourifhment the Grafs affords, the greater the Paunch

" of the Beaft feeding on it, fo that the Bellies of Cattle are fo large
in dry times in hot Countries, as if they were big with young,

On Eii/paniola, at Samana are many French Hunters, They go
out Twelvein a Company, for fear of the Spaniards. “The Hogs
they take have fometimes Stones in their Bladders ; one of thefe Stones
I had brought me thence was long, of divers Tunicles, the outward
white, thofe within it reddifh, and {melling very ftrong of Urine.
I had two others bigger than any Peafe, round, and fet about with
protuberant Prickles they were taken out of the Urethra of Hogs.

They were fhining and Cryftalline, and exactly refembled thofe
taken out of Human Bodies, At

The Introduction. Ixxxv

od

At Samana the French fetled feveral Families, who were cut off by
the Spaniards, of a Town called I/abella, of three or four hundred
Inhabitants. They have Horfes and Mules in the Sayannas about it,
The Englifh at Jamaica buy moft of their Mules from the Spaniards.
Ic is not far from Porto-Plata where the Spaniards are alfo fertled.

The Manati Stones are brought from thence, and taken from be-
hind the Ears of that Animal, each Ear having one.

~~ One Doctor Fritz a German Chirurgeon and Chymift, who had
been in the South-Seas with Captain Townley, told me he had feen of
the Cafcarilla-Trees, or thofe on which grows the Peru or fefuits Bark :
that they grow near the Sea fide and are very large Trees; that they
cut a piece of the Bark round the Trunk of the Tree near the ground ;
that a while after the Bark withers on the whole Tree, and falls off ;
that they had taken a Ship named the Cafcarilla, and had thrown moft
of that Bark, her loading, into the Sea, to make room for Provifions.
That the Leaves generally found in the Bags of the Bark, was of
that Tree, and Plenty of the Trees isto be met with in the South-
Sea,

A Briftol Ship, coming towards Jamaica, ftruck on a Rock two
Miles from without the Town of Port-Qoyal, but this Ship when
lighted of the Goods was got off again. This is very ordinary, for
the Rocks and Shoals being here-about covered with Coral and Co-
salline Subftances, the Ships coming upon them, are not often pierc’d
not bulg’d, but bruife thele Coralline Subftances to Sand, and very
often get off again without much damage. 3 |

/

Captain Groves told me he had left a while ago on the Ifland of
Tobago, feventy Curlanders in a Fort on that Ifland, chat their Food
was European Bread, which they had provided for feveral Months,
wild Hogs, Hogs with their Navels on their Backs, Armadillos an
excellent Food, and Racoons, with very great plenty of Fifh, Their
Trade was as yet chiefly cutting of very large Maftick, Cedar and o-
ther Tiees for Timber, to be fent to the Ifland of Barbados, with
which by Licence from the King, they might Trade. ‘This Ifland
is, Ithink, held by the Curlanders at the Crown of England.

They have there a fort of Pleafant, very good Meat.

He told me that having been often in the Mediterranean, at certain
Seafons {ome fort of wild Pigeons were fo plentiful on the Ile
of Zante, as the Inhabitants fold them for halt pence apiece, that
they came from Egypt, and chat on the Ifland Caprea, near Naples
Quails are, fold ac a certain Seafon at the fame rate. Pigeons are at
Famaica very plentiful at fome Seafons. Ground-Doves are fold fora
Bitt, or Real a Dozen, They are taken with Clavannes, and wild

Gp Caffada

eee A ALOE
eee

| XXXVI The lutrodudtio:.

Caffada Seeds tor Bait. The Cane- Rats are numerous, of a gray co-
lour, cheap, large, and very good Victuals.

I was inform’d that Sarfaparilla is very frequent and cheap up Rio
San Pedro, in the Bay of Hlonduras, where are feveral Indian Towns.
There is brought into Jamaica great Quantities of Sarfaparilla, by
Trade with the Bay of Honduras, New Spain and Peru, \t grows in
all thefe places on the Banks of the Rivers, and in moift Grounds :
The Spaniards think it makes the Water of thofe Rivers, where it
grows wholefome, Iris a jort of Smulax afpera, and comes very near
to that common in Spain, France and Italy, though it differ from ir.
It is alfo very near akin to China, the Strings or Sarments of the Roots
of Sarfaparilla, taking their Original from a knobby Tuberous Root,
like that of China, and going very deep into the Ground, It is mo-
derately warm, uled to promote an eafie Sweat, and open Obdfiru-
tions. There is an Account and Figure of it pudlifhed in a Book
printed atMexico in the year 1570. in Latin, written by Francifens Bravus,
a Phyfician, who lived there, whither I refer the Curious.

I went from Port-Royal in a Boat to Honfe Key and Gun-Key, or
Cayo, fo called from the Tryal of Guns from the Fort; they fhoor-
ing thence at a Cask fet up here. They were defended by Coral and
Aftroites Rocks to the South, and were very {mall Iflands, with fome
few Bufhes on them. -Such places are called by the Spaniards Cayos,

whence by corruption comes the Englifh word Keys, ufed to fignifie
fuch places iri chofe parts.

A Mafter of a Veffel from Barbados, bound to feek a new Wreck,
came into Jamaica, and told me he had been in Crab. Island near Porto
Rico, fo called by our Seamen, from the great number of Land-
Crabs on it: in the Charts ‘tis named Borrinquem. A little before his
being there, two Ships appear’d before.the Ifland with Englifh Colouis,
but coming nearer putout Spaiifh-Colours, and fent five Englifhmen
on Shore with a Flag of Truce, who enticed the Commander in Chief
on board the Ship, When there they forc’d him co write on Shore for
the Inhabitants he had left, to tell them of his civil Treatment, who
all went on board likewife, and were carried to Santo Domingo Prifo-
ners ; they were reported to be one hundred and hity in all, Men,
Women, and fome few Negros. They burnc all the Houles, which
were of Timber, A Negro lying in the Woods, made his efcape to
the North fide of that Ifland, and embarq’d in a Sloop which lay there
for the Windward iflands, where he gave this Relation; the like efcape
had five other white Men in a Sloop, that lay in another place, where
they were cutting Timber to carry to the Windward Iflands,

The Inhabitants had been there feveral years, and had come from
the Leeward Mlands, chiefly Anguilla, to fettle Borriquem. Anguilla is

rocky

The Introdudion. IXxxVii

rocky and barren, and this fruitful and rich in Soil, and eafily to
be clear’d, and of a very rich Mould, well water’d with Rivers,
and Springs to be had for digging a few Feet deep. They had
planted Caffada, Yams, Patatas, Indian-Corn, and other Provifions
with fome few Sugar Canes. Since this the Anglifh have again poffel-
fed this Ifland, and I am told have now Captain Sharp, formerly an
Englifh Commander in the South Seas, for their Commander. The Go-
vernor of Anguilla had beat fome Spaniards off with the lofs of fome
of their Men, with the help of only fifty Soldiers, and had defir’d
leave of the Governour of the Windward Iflands to fettle ic again.
The Spaniards in this Attempt were thought to have had Bear a Pirat
with them, and to be fent out by the Governour of Santo Domingo.
The Spaniards are very barbarous to all Nations in thefe parts where
they are fuperior. They think they have the only right to the We/t-
Indies, and it was a long time ere they would hear of any Treaty
with European Nations. ‘This was the firft rife of the Privateers, Bu-
caniers or Freebooters, who confifted of all Nations except Spaniards,
from whom they often took great Riches, and as eafily parted with
them to the people of their own Nations.

A Matter of a Sloop from Anguilla, related to me that this Bear a
notorious Englifh Pirat, under a Spanifh Commiffion, had made a
defcent on that Mfland, and barbaronfly handled threefcore Families
of Englifh which lived : in it fuch treatment is very ordinary in thefe
parts of the world where the Inhabitants are not able to defend them-
felves, and {mall Iflands often on this account change Matters, “This
ifland is reckoned amongft the Caribe or Leeward Mlands, and is under
the Government of their Captain General orGovernor. .

Some Turtlers being at the South Cayos off of Guba, had been robb’d
by a Periagua, fent by the Governor of Hlavana ; they were ftripr,
and the Spaniards talk’d of putting them all into one Sloop, and
burning them in it. The Turtle-fifhery there, and at the Caymanes
were thought by Sir Henry Morgan co be ours by right, feeing it could
be prov'd by feveral at Jamaica, that thofe were in the Poffeffion of
the Englifh atthe time when the Treaty between Spain and England
concerning the We/t-Indies was ended at Madrid. The fame is co be
faid of the Turtle-fifhing ac the Ifland Vaches, off of Fl'/paniola, pre-
tended to by the French of the (land Tortugas. This Iland Tortugas
or Tortue, lies a little off the North-Welt fide of Hifpaniola. Ic was
planted by the French fome years ago, and from chat {mall Ifland
they have {pread themfelves over a great part of the North-fide of
that large Iland, where they have a Governor ftiled Gouverneur des
Cotes de St. Domingue. They have pretended lately to a right to the
fle des Vaches or Afh. :

There

( ——s

IXxxVill The Ilntroduéfioen.

There is a fore of Loggerhead Turile or Tertoife at Jamaica, very
lictle differing from the common fort, only in every part les, and
having the Breft of a yellowifh white colour.

The Turtle or Tortoifes come to Caymanes two {mall Hes Weft
of Famaica, once a year to lay their Eggs in the Sand, to be hatch’d
by the Sun, and at that time the Turtlers take them tn greac num.
bers. Ac other times they go to the South Cayos off of Cuda ,
there to feed on the Sea-Grafs growing under water: wherefore the |
Turtlers go thicher in queft of them, and it may be four Men in a
Sloop may bring in thirty, forty, or fifty Turcles, worth teventeen
or eighteen Shillings apiece, more or lels, according to their good
nefs. The Fenaale with Egg isreckoned the belt. “Phey fomecimes
get their Loading in a day, bute are ufually fix weeks in making
their Voyages. “Ihe Turtlers feed on Turtle, Bisket-Bread aad Sal
They catch the Turtle with Nets made of Yam larger than Whip-
cord. When they come home to Port-Royal they put them inte the
Sea, in Fourfquare-Palifadced places, where they keep them alive
till there be occafion to kill them, which will be very long fome-
times, though the fooner they are killed after taking, they are the
fatter. “The Callepee, ot under part of the Breft or Beliy, bak’d,
is reckon’d the beft piece, the Liver and Fat are counted Delicacies,
Thofe who feed much on them {weat out a yellow Serum, efpecially
under their Armpits, ‘Their Fat is yellow, tafts like Marrow, and
gives the Skin a yellow Hue or Tincture,

G

~
Le

Saltertudos, is corruptly called fo, ic being, properly fpeaking,
the Ifland Tortuga, near Margarita: ‘tis uninhabited, but has feverah
Salt-Ponds, filled with Sale, reputed very good, it being large grain-
ed. °Tis always to be found there in great quantities, except about

July, when the Rains moiften and diflolve it. The New England

Veffels carry Lumber and Fifh to Barbados, and from thence go fox
this Mland, and ftretch it thence again ftreight home, They carry
with them Wheelbarrows, and Bags to load this Salt. It is reckon’d
much better than the Salt of Jamaica commonly fold here, and looks

reddifh, The Governour of Barbados takes Sale Tertudos to be un-
der his Dominion,

The Bahama Mlands are fill’d with Seals, fometimes Fifhers wil]

_catch one hundred inanight. They try or mele them, and bring off

their Oil for Lamps to thefe Iflands.

There are I{lands lying North off of Fii/paniola, where are many
Salt-Ponds ; but becaufe of the Neighbourhood of the French and

Spaniards, they are accounted more dangerous than the other, They
are called the Turks Iland,

A

The lntroduction. Ixxxix.

— nce ees eee a

A Ship came into Jamaica from Carolina with Beef and Pork:
A curious Perfon on board related to me, that that Country abounds
in every thingfor Food. Thatthey chiefly plant Indian-Corn. That
he had travell’d from Palatzo ot the Apalathean Mountains, to St. Au-
guftin in the Spanifh Dominions, and that the whole Country was
level, moft fandy and barren, except about five Miles extent near
the Rivers, where it was planted with Indian-Corn, and fome Whear
for the Priefts, That the Fort of St. Auguftin had Twenty four
Guns in it, and that the Indians paid yearly to the Spaniards a
piece of Eight a Head Tribute-Money. That in Carolina Pines
and Walnuts were the commoneft Trees, with fome Oaks bearing
Acorns, on which the Swine feed, as well as on fome other wild
Fruits abroad, and on Indian Corn within. He faid, Fevers and
Agues were there common and mortal. ‘That he had come through
the Bahama Mlands, and ftretch’d it between Cuba and Hii/paniola,
and fo came to Port-Royal. The Duke of Albemarle once thew’d
me a very rich piece of Silver Oar which his Father had fence him
from the Apalathean Mountains on the Confines of Carolina,

One from Tortuga and Petit-Guavw, told me that at this laft
place the French have about Thirty Inhabitants keeping always good
Guard for fear of the Spaniards. They have no. Sugar-Works,
but Indico. Tobacco and Hides were their chief Commodities,
the laft they get by hunting; but that frefh wild Beef is {carce, for
they mug go a great way trom their Hlabirations to find it, and that
in Companies. That Petit-Guayes is in the middle way betweea

rhe Ifles de Vacas and Tortuga,

KC The Introduction.

——)

-

Of the Difeafes I obferved in Jamaica, and the Method
Ly which I ufed to Cure them.

Efore I conclude this Introduction, I think it neceflary to give

an Account of the Difeafes of Famaica, and how | endeavour'’d
torelievethem. This may be uleful to fome, and J am fure would
have beentome, had 1 been fo fortunate before my going thither, as
to have met with any fuch Obfervations. was told that the Difeafes of
this place were all different from what they are in Europe, and to be
treated in a differing Method, This made me very uneafic, left by
ignorance I fhould.kill inflead of curing, and put me on trying with
the utmuft caution the Remedies and Methods I had known effectual
in Europe, which ina very little time, I found to have great fuccels
on the Difeafes there. My Medicines had the better operation, be-
caufe people had a belief.1 could help them, and {ubmitted to the
taking Remedies in the order they were prefcribed without changing
the Medicines: altering the.Method, or judging. harfhly in cafe che
Perfon died. Indeed, ‘at farft,. che Inhabitants would {carce truft me
in the management of the leaft Diftemper, till their obfervation. of
the good effects the European method had in the Duke of Albemarle’s
numerous Family, in the fame Difeafes, brought chem to make trial
of what I could do with fome of the meaner fort, accounted in de-
fperate Conditions. _ I fhall give fome of thefe Obfervations botla
in the Voyage thither, and during my abode there, in as: few
words as I can, chiefly relating Matters of Fact, whereby, aba-
ting fome very few Difeafes, Symptoms, ¢c, from the diver-
firy of the Air, Meat, Drink, ec. any Perfon who has feen

many fick People, will find the fame Difeafes here as in Europe,
and the fame Method of Cure. For this reafon. [| have puc down

fome very ordinary Obfervations and Methods, that this matter may
be very plain, For my own part I never faw a Difeafe in Jamaica,
whichI had not met with in Europe, and that in People who never
had been in either Indies, excepting one or two ; and {uch Inftances
happen to People practifing Phyfick in England, or any where elfe,
that they may meet, amongft great numbers, with a fingular Dil-
eale, that they had never {een before, nor perhaps meet after with a
parallel inftance. ,

Of aChole Captain Nowel aged about forty, Choletick, who had drunk very

ra = hard, and was very thin of Flefh, fent co me, he was ill of a Che-
want 0 |

Appetite lera Morbus, Vomiting, and going often to Stool. I found hin
bye, weak, not able to bear any farther Evacuation, I gave him there-

fore

The lntroduéion. xCl

fore about ty Drops of Laud. Liguid. Gdomat. in a convenient
Vehicle. Wis Vomiting being ftop’d, | gave him for his Loofies
the Decoét. alb. for his ordinary Drink, and order’d him Rice. Milk
and Milk-Meats for his Food, which, with the help of the Land.
repeated, foon curd him of that Indifpofition. He continuin o
drink hard, weakned his Stomach, fo that he vomited ‘idee
every Morning, loft his Appetite, and complain’d of a great pain
in his Breaft under the Sternum, which I ghefs’d to be fome {mall
InHammation in the Mediaffmum, or other Membranes of the Tho-
rax. . | try’d by bitter Wine, and other Stomiachics, to reétifie the
Stomach ; by Milk-Diec, Diet-Drinks, Steel-Courfe, and Bleeding to
Cure the latter, but without fuccefs, the Reafon I ghefs was his drink-
ing Drams in the morning, chiefly Brandy and Sugar. He reduc’d
by chefe means, his Stomach to that weaknefs, that at laft, fince I
came from Jamaica Thave been cold he could keep nothing therein

bur che Milk of a Negro Woman he fuck’d.

Mr. Rhadifh was feiz’d with a Tertian Ague at Plimouth, and cur’d Of a Ter
by the Cortex Peruv. given as ulually, without any recurn. dts
Mr. Mark Collet, in the thirtieth year ot his Age, atthe fame place
and time, was feiz'd after the fame manner, only there was very
little Intermiffion, and he was delirous for feveral hours. Upon the of an in.
taking of this Bark given by the Ship-Doctor, by my Directions, termitting
lee ‘was perfectly curd. He had before my feeing him, taken in sate
vain abundance of Juleps and Cordials, ‘been Blifter'd, Bled, oe. nesenaitte
Ie wasa while betore 1, who was generally in another Ship, could 0%» Dehiria,
find out the Intermiffion, che Fever being fcarce ever off, he
In February 1688. he was taken in Jamaica -atter-che very fame
manner again, I had him Bled:and Blifter'd, he being delirous. |
gave him, for his cold Sweats and weak Pulfe, abouc ten Drops of
Spirit of Haitfhorn every four or five hours, and after a full difco-

A : : .
very of the Intermiffion, 1 cur d him with-the Cortex,

Mr, Anthony Gamble, aged about Forty five, a Cook, given to
Drink, had, fome years before { faw him, in an Engagement with
fome Turkifh Ships, a great part-of the Flefh of his-tight Hypochon-
dre {hot away with a Cannon Bullec, He fell into very greac pains
inthis Belly, which was bound. I gave him fome Extrattum Radis; to
loofen his Belly, which not fucceeding he had Glifters, ‘Suppotitories,
Decoations, Bolus’s of Ther. Venet. Draughts with fome Drops of

higuid Laud. in proper Vebiclesy’ Juniper, and other Cordial Waters,
outward Fomentations, and‘Bags Emollientand Aaodyne of all forts
contriv’d to. procure a Stool} as well aseafe the Pain, but the ‘Dit-
exle was 00 violent toryield. co any oof thofe Medicines, ae
ee cyera

XCil The Introdudhon.

feveral days of intolerable Pain were over, when by an ealy ordi-
OfaColick. nary Glifter he was relieved, and efcaped that time. Drinking very
hard, fome rime after, he fell into the Hemorrhoids with intolerable
pain, and at the fame time had a Flux and Fever, che Flux being a Cri-
fis of the latter. He fent for a Chirurgeon, who gave him ac night,
as I {uppofe, a Bolus of fome Opiat Medicines, which fop'd the
Loofenels, but increas'd the Fever co that extremity, that he wasi~
great danger. 1, on all thefe accounts, order’d him to be Bi: .
to ten Ounces, gave him cooling Juleps, and directed the Anus «
Hemorrhoids to be eafily anointed with Ung. Comitiff. and Popul. is
fome time he recover'd by degrees his former ftate of '-alth, buc
was very often fubjeé&t to violent Colicks, which I judge snighe
be occafion’d by fome part of the Guts adhering to the Cicatrix of
the great Wound in his Hypochondre, and by that means occafioning
ome {mall ftop or obftructions to the paflage of the Excrements in
that place, as it happens, for another Reafon, to thofe troubl’d with
Ruptures ; but in fome time ( which was requifite for the Guts to
do their Office, the Excrements to be moiftned, and pafs chis ftop )
it ufually went off. He was very much troubl’d with the Hemor-
rboids, and inflam’d {well’d Eyes, the firft I curd with Bleeding, and
the Ointments before mention’d, the latter with Bleeding, Purging and
Bliftering, according co the greatnefs or ftubbornefs of the Difeafe,

ee A Seaman, aged about Forty, hada quick Feverifh Pulfe, efpe-

aCon- . : :

famption ally cowards the Evening ; a very troublelome Cough, which had

or Heétic, been his Companion for fome Months. | order’d him to take fome
PeQtoral Medicines, and at night an Anodyne Draught, by which
he found fomeeafe. I chang’d, after a while, his Medicines, and
gave him Locatelli’s Balfam ; but he grew weary, and went to change
the Air. Hecame, in about nine Months after, tome, very much
emaciated, with his former complaints,: only in every réf{pect worfe,
with a great Loofenefs, for which I gave him every Evening about
9j. of Ther. Ven. with gr. j. Laud. Lond. which ftop’d his Loofenels
and other Symptoms. 1 know nor what became of him afterwards,
he not coming near me, but by the common courfe of fuch Di-
ftempers, ‘tis likely he died foon after.

One Saturday evening, when we were in hot Weather, aHog be-
ing kill’d,and the Blood fav'd(to make Puddings)till Monday morning,
they proy'd yery hurtful, for alchough fome, who had eat of them,
complain’d nor, yet feveral others were taken violently ill ; fome
Vomiting with great pain, and others Vomiting and going to Stool
with great Anxieties. Being call’d, and asking if they had eaten or
drunk any thing co occafion fuch great diforders, I concluded the

Puddings,

wee ee
—

The Introduction. Xcli

Puddings to be the Caufe, and whereas "twas advis’d to ftop che Vo. OF feveral
miting, I thought ic moft proper to forward it; for that ic feem’d 0 2"?
to be the readieft and eafieft way to follow the motion of Na- Noes
ture, andtodifcharge the Caufe, efpecially confidering the Puddings Pes:lings
were fearce yet out of the Stomach. [ therefore gave fall Been
and warm Water witha little Infuf. Croc. Metall. and help’d them they were-

up, and after a fufficient Evacuation, gave fome Cordial Drauohts a
of Conf. Alkermes, Cinamon water, and Syr, Caryophyll. and all the kev: tou
perfons were in a little time very well. The beft way of managing !ons-
moft Perfons Poifon’d or Surfeited, is by Vomits, if the matter re-

main in the Stomach ; Purging if it be inthe Guts, and Diluting,

, ‘
ha-
esis

One — — who had had a Gonorrhea often, and a pretty while be
fore he complain’d, had many Symptomsof the Pox, which threat-
ned his Life, or at leaft che prefent flacting of his Nofe. The queftion
was whether being at Sea he might be flux’d, I told them I faw no-
thing to hinder it ia fuch an urgent Cafe, and therefore advis'd one,
who pretended to underftand Salivation well, todoic by Unction,
as the fureft way to Root out the Diftemper. He put him intoa ae uae
very clofe Cabbin, anointed him, and the rlux rofe very well, and mech
the Symptoms ceas’d: I concluded all would goon as ufually they
do in {uch Cafes, and gave the Perfon who had the care of him ge.
neral Directions how to behave himfelf. Burtit prov’d otherwife, tor
he was ignorant of the Method of treating in a Salivation, {par’d his
Medicines, f{ubftituted others in the Places of thofe I order’d, al-
ledging amongft his Comrades, he knew better. He likewile kepx
his Cabbin too hot, as well by burning two Candles always there,
and never {uffering a vent to the Steams, as by giving a great many
Cordials, or hot Sudorifics. By chefe feveral means unknown to
me, he inverted the Courfe of Nature, and threw what ought to
have come by Spitting, through the Pores of the Skin, wherefore
in about Fourteen days his Spittle thickned, the Serum being thrown
out another way, and he was choak’d and died, notwithitanding
what could be done for him.

A Gentleman, aged about Forty, of a Sanguine Complexion,
much given to Drinking and Venery, fell ill of the Gout, for which
he following {ome Emperics Advice, plaifter'd all his affected Joints oF (1,0
with Tar, whereby in fome time he fell into a Quinfie, there be- bad effects
ing a tranflation of the Matter from the Joints to the Throat. eRe
had him immediately Bled to a good quantity, for fear of Suf- deavour-
focation, and gave him a Dofe or two of Extr. Rad. which ng sie
working well, he was freed of his fore Throat. He, afterwards, a
by the ufe of Bicter-Wine, and Elixir Proprietatis, recover d. his
Appetite, but drinking feyeral aa ohiwads Oe

aa e

Og AE tet ae

XCIV The Introdudion.

cefs in Syder and Punch, he was taken after a {hivering Fit and Fever,
with pains in his Side, for which he was Bled, and thereby reliev’d.
The Gout coming again, he could not be perfuaded, or kept from
tampering it with Cows Dung and Vinegar fried, and applied
asa Poultels; the Cows Dung I thought migh: be an innocent Ano-
dyne; but the Vinegar as being a diflolver and thinner of the Blood,
LT oppos'd. On the ufe of it he fell into a Loofnels, and fome-
times Vomiting, which continued, notwithftanding the Decoét. Alb,
eafie Opiates, and whatever I could think of, nll he died. — His Sro-
mach was always out of order, becaule ot his exceilive drinking,
efpecially Brandy and Sugar, by way of Dram in a morning, tv
fettle, as he thought, his Stomach.

Colonel Walker, aged about Forty five, Plethoric; upon drink-

ing, ufed always to be troubled wich Rheumatick and Gouty pains
Offpittmg through all bis Joints, after an exceffive manner, of which by
Blood. — bleeding he was ftill reliev’d, though tometimes he was fore’d to
fly to Opiats. Once he fell inftead of his pains, into a fitting of

Blood, which came up in large quantities wichour pain. Going

to the Palifados in a hot day to drink Milk, he {pit or vomited up

half a pint, for which he was Bled, and took an Opiat ai nighr,

with other Aftringents, | advis’d repeating of the Bleeding, conti-

nuing intheufe ot Opiats, great Quiec, Ilues in the Shoulders, ee.

with which, Rice Milk, and other cooiing, thickning, ec. Me-

dicines for the Blood, he was perfectly cur'd. Upon his return to

England, he fell into a Relaple, wich the fame Symptoms, and |

have heard died Confumptive.

Ofacom- Mr, Rayney, of about Seventeen vears, fell into a Fever, from
vocal Eo. Which he was freed by bleeding, cooling Juleps of darley.water with
ver, Syrup of Lemons, and other things of chac kind,

When we came into hot Weather, it was a very ordinary com-
plaine in every ones Mouch, that they were fo troubl’d with an itch
from {mall red Puftles or Wheals, that they knew not what to do

Of the ef. tobeeafie, They cameout uiually on the Back, along the Spine,
feds of though fometimes they cover'd the whole Body. I told them I
Tears thought this Diftemper was the greatelt advantage they coutd have,
Body by it being a great Purger of the Blood from hot and fharp parts, and
bringing therefore was fo far trom complying with their defires of cur gthem,
One atlce hae | ufually gave fomething to forward the eruptions, as Flos Sulph.
or fome other innocent Diaphoretick; but if their impatience was

to be complied with, Bleeding, and Purging after it, was an infal-

lable Remedy. I concluded the alteration of the Climate was the

a 5 | 2 oecation

The lutroduclion. XCV

occafion of this Difeafe, by putting the Blood into a brisker motion,
and perhaps putting into ic fome fiery Particles Nature threw out this
way. I was not much troubled with this, but in lieu of ic had a
{mall Carbuncle came out on my right Wrift.

Afterwards at Famaica in hot Weather, the fame Difeafe was more
troublefom to us New- comers, and even fometimes, though rarely ro
thofe had been a long time acquainted with the Climate, my Antwers

to fuch Complainants and Remedies were the fame. Something more
will be faid of this hereafter.

.. Mr. B. aged about Forty, of a Sanguine Complexion, and Plecho- .

fick, at coming afhore on Port-Royal, fell into a Fever, he had O!2 + ever
an high quick Pulfe, an inclination to Vomit, and uneafinefs all ooiigoc
over, I ordered him to be Bled, gave him the next morning aanddrouch.
Vomit of svi. of Vin. Emet. with half an Ounce of Oxym Squill.

which with the help of Watergruel wrought very well, but remov’d

not his indifpofition. He was forbid the cafting any Wine or Flefh,

and whereas about Twelve a Clock at night he ufually had a large

Stool or two, about Ten at night I ordered him to take about Ten

gr. of Extr. Rud. thereby to forward that motion of Nature, by
endeavouring to help to throw out the Morbifick Matter by Stool,

which it accordingly did, and clear’d him of hisDifeafe.

_ He afterwards grew very faint and weary, and for that finding re-

lief in drinking Madera-Wine and water for the prefent, he made ule

of ic too often, whereby he became ufually, the more he drank, the

more dry, fo thatafcer a {mall time he was neceffitaced to drink a-

gain. By the Air without, and the Wine within, his Spirits and
Moifture were exhaufted. Once or twice in the evening and night

he was. a little incoherent in his Difcourfe, wherefore | immediately

had him Bled, .and gave him a Vomit, and ina while, he keeping

an orderly Diet, was well, This Gentleman, after his arrival in

England, fell into a Fever, in the latter end of which he voided {e-

veral Pints of Blood, and foon after died.

I was fent for at St. Fago de la Vega, to a Child of Collonel Ful-
lers. Ic wasa Boy about twelve years of Age, had been in a Fe-
ver, for fome time, and was then.in Convulfions, cold Sweats, ec.
his, Pulfe quick and low. I advis'd he fhould be Cupt, with Scari- Of a ever
fication in the Shoulders, taking away fome Blood, He had Cor- oft a
dials. with Confeét. Alkerm,. ag. Cinamom. Syr. Caryopbill. ee. and
Blifters. with Sp. C. C and Ol. fuccin. fome Drops of which laft
were inwardly, given him, but in fome hours, his weaknefs in-

creafing, -he died.
a His

XCVI The lutroduction.

His Mother falling into violent Hyfterick Fits upon his death, I
gave her twenty Drops of Sp. Sal. 4rmon. and order’d her to {mel!
OF Hhferict 2 Bottle, wherein the Volatile Sale of ic was enclos’d. The Sale
Fits. was impregnated with fome Particlesof Caftor, with which ic had
becen fublim’d, the Bortle was only half full, that thereby there being
Particles ready to iflue out in plenty, the Senfories might be the more
irritated, andthe Fits taken off. I fhall fay more of this Diftemper

hereafter.

Of avery About the month of January 1688. moft of his Graces Family
se aaa were taken very ill of continual Fevers, one after another being
violent Fe- feiz'd, till ic went round the whole Houle, fome very few only ex-
Mak cepted, It ufually invaded them without any apparent Caule. 1
had it my felf, and could not affign any caufe, it not being a little
uncoverd in the night by the Sheets falling off. TheSymptoms were

a great pain inthe Head, and Back about the Loins, a Reaching to

_ Vomit to no purpole, a very great pain in the Limbs, and all over the
Body, as ina Rheumatilm, which feem’d to be from the violent heat

and boiling of the Blood in the Veflelsand Membranes. It ufually

ended in twelve: or eighteen hours, and the Remedies I us'd were

thefe. If call’dat firft feizure, 1 immediately ordet’d blecding Ex

Vena maxime tumida, to ten or twelve Ounces, and if there was an‘in-

clination to Vomit, I gave them Infuf. Croc. Metal. with Oxym Scill.
according to their ftrength, and thefe two Remedies timely given,

would check it prefently in the very bud, che Vomit working ulually

well, and che bleeding. giving immediate eafe. If ic had been

on them fome time, then it was neceflary to cool very much with
Barley-water and Syr. of Lemons for their ordinary Drink, forbid-

ding the ule of Wine and Fleth, or Broath in any degree, and in

cafe of any Symptom of a Delirium, biiftering the Neck, Arms, and

Ankles, and to: remedy ‘cold Sweats (very familiar here) “twas now

and then neceffary to give forme Drops of Sp. CC in any poculent Li-

quor. By this Regimen I thank God none committed to my care
mifcarried, but thofe who would not obferve Rules, or were treated

alter another manner, ufually were in danger, as you may fee by

the two following Inftances. =.

Mr. Lane, aged Twenty five, or thereabouts, being feiz'd, and

the Fever running high, he being Plethorick and hor, was Bled

Of one in and Bliftered, ec, and by this Courfe his Fever''was abated, ‘and
great dan- almoft at.an end, About eighteen hours after;-coming to him’
aanine I found him very much ‘diforder'd, and almoft as bad as at the be-
Wine in a ginning, wherefore having <tepeated my Orders about him to “his
Fever. — Nurfe, he yet very hardly elcapd. He afterwards told me the Rea:
fon of his Relapfe, which was his privately drinking White Madera

Wine contrary to direction. One

The Introduction. XCVII

One Richard, a white Servant, belonging to Colonel Ballard, a-
bout thirty years of age, was taken with this before mentioned
Epidemic Fever. After he had been treated with Bolus’s of Diafcor. Of a Fe-
dium, and Cordials to Sweat him, he grew worle and worfe. I asa
found him at Twelve a Clock at night ina vaft Agony, as every worfe by
one thought a dying. He had a mighty oppreffion and anxiety on daria
him, a very great difficulty in breathing, and could fcarce fpeak. I \qoasen ce
told them 1 believ’d this Difeafe was partly forc’d, and therefore and
took off his fuperfluous cloathing, fecby the Cordials (as they call’d ©!02*hs.
them) and fent him a Bottle or twoof cooling Julep made of Aqua
Font. (which [ ufe, in Bills co Apothecaries, to call very juftly Aqua
Cordialis frigtda) actdulaced with OL Vitriol. and {weetned with Syr.
Caryopbyll. 1 defired him to drink plentifully of this, and in two or
three days time, without any other confiderable Remedy, he was
well. Though I did not my felf fee any dye of this Fever, yet I
heard with hot treatment {ome perfons died.

Moft part of people who had been troubled with this Fever, fell
afterwards iato very great weaknels, fo that although chis Difeafe, OF greac
with good management,lafted nor paft twelve or eighteen hours, yee a
their weaknefS was as great as if they had been under a Diftemper this vever.
for feveral Months. This was, I think, peculiar to this Fever, though
at firft 1 fufpected it was to all Difeafes here, by reafon of che hot
Climate, but I found all other Difeafes accompanied with the fame
Symptoms as if in Enrope, and therefore look on this Symptom as a
thing particular to this Fever, and fuch uncommon Symptoms now
and then attend Epidemic Difeafes every where. For this the beft Re-
medies were procuring a good Appetite, and aregulation of Diet.

I know not whether chis laft very great weaknefs and fainenefs
might not come from another Diftemper, very ordinarily follow’d
this Fever, which was the Jaundice, for about fome few days after Of the
this Fever was over, the Jaundice very often began to fhew its felf rai
by great flothfulnels. Afterwards the yellow Face and Eyes, aswell this Fever.
as thick yellow Urin difcover'd it plan, This Diftemper ufually
was curd by aneafie Vomit, or Purgers, firft gentle of Pil. Ruf.
and then ftronger of Extr. Rud. with Curcum. Milleped. Saffron, Elixir
Proprietatis, Caftile-Sope, and {uch other eafie Medeécines given be-
tween Evacuations, though fometimes ’twas fo difficult as not to
yield co Conrfes of thofe Medicines taken every day for a Month to-

ether. 1 remember the Serum was fo difcolour’d’ in fome, that all
the Puftles rofe on the Skin, were fill'd withan Khor as yellow
as the infufton of Curcuma or Saffron in water. Perhaps che weak-
neffes, hindering people from going about, or Exercife, might be
in fome meafure the occafion of this Jaundice. |

(bb) A great

Pe RENE Ad SANTEE Ay ye ma se Na aaa

KCVIII The Lutroduchon.

A great many were of opinion that this Fever was what is call’d
Of the the Seafoning, that isto fay, thac every New-comer before they be
Seafoning. accuftomed to the Climate and Conftitution of the Air in Jamaica,
Eicon are to have anacute Difeafe, which 1s thought tobe very dangerous,
not the and that after this is over, their Bodies are made more fit to live
fealoning. there, with le(s hazard than before ; and this is not only thoughe fo
in that Ifland, buc in Guinea, and all over the remote Ealtern parts
of the World. That this Fever was not fo, is manifelt in thac noc
only we New. comers were taken with ir, buclikewife many of che
ancient Inhabicants of the place, as feveral of the Family of Colo-
nel Ivy, ec: and that a great many of us who were lately arrived,
efcap'd this and all acute difeafes whatfoever. It chere be any fuch
thing as Seafoning, the Itch or Puftles formerly mention’d mult be ir,
the alteration from cold to heat being by degrees done by the way,

and that Symptom appearing on increafe of the heat.

Sir H. M. aged about Forty five, Lean, fallow coloured, his Eyes

a little yellowifh, and Belly a little jetting cut or prominent, com-

plained to me of want of Appetit to Victuals, he had a kecking or
reaching to Vomit every morning, and generally a {mall Loofenefs
attending him, and withal was much given to drinking and fitting

up late, which I fuppofed had been the original caufe of his prefent
Indifpofition. I was afraid of a beginning Dropfie, and advifed him

to an eafie Vomit of Oxymel. Scill. with the help of a Feather, and

thin Watergruel, fearing Vin, Emet. might diforder him too much

by putting him into a Loofenefs, or too great Evacuation. After
OfaDrop-that I gave him fome Madera-Wine, in which the Roots of Gen-
= ‘bad tian, Tops of Centaury, uc. had been infufed, with which Vomit,
Conftitu- ic working eafily, and che bitcer Wine taken every morning for
tion, —__ fome days, he recovered his Stomach, and continued very well for
a confiderable time. Not being able to abftain from Company,

he fate up late, drinking too much, whereby he not only had a

return of his firft- Symptoms, but complain’d he could not make

water freely. His water was thick and very red, and his Legs {well’d

alittle. When thefe Symptoms appeared, Dottor Rofe and I be-

ing join, we ordered him an Electuary of Cajfia, Oul of Juniper,

Cremor, Tart, and other things to purge eafily che watery Aumours,

enjoynd Temperance, and defired the continuance ot his former
Medicines. “This Courfe did very well with him, bur making but

very little water, and being much. troubled with Belchings, and a

Cough in the night, he fent to another Doétor, who, when he

came, was of opinion that his Difeafe was a Timpany, and that

the {welling of his Belly came only from wind, according to Hippo-

crates, and that he was troubled with neither the beginning ot a

Dropfie,

The Introduction, XCIX

—

Dropfie, nor had Gravel (which is not unufual in this Cafe, and he
had been always troubled wich)-I told him later Obfervations upon
the Diflection of deceafed Morbid Bodies, had difcovered the Bellies
of People dying of fuppofed Timpanies, to be diftended with water
and no more Wind than what is {uppofed to be the effe@ of Phlegm,
and Crude Humontrs lying in the Stomac and Guts. I defir’d him that
we fhould put off talking of the Theory, and cometo the Practice,
that perhaps we might very well agree in the Medicines he fhould
take, as it very often happens to Phyfitians, who may difagree in
the Theory, and yet agree in the Practice. I waited on Sir H. and
told him Dr. Rofe’s and my Opinion, which agreeing, he was fatif-
fied therewith. We gave him all manner of Diuretics, and eafie
Purgers we could find in Jamaica, Linfeed and Juniper-Berries infus’d
in Rhenifh-Wine, Milleped. ppd. in Powder, Juniper-water, advis'd
him co eat Juniper-Berries, us'd Oil of Scorpion, with Ung. Dialth.
outwardly, by which means he recovered again. On intemperance
he fell into a great Loofenefs, threatning his Life, which by an
Opiat, ec. at night we ftopt, and he enjoy’d his Health for tome
time longer very well. Falling afterwards into his old Courfe of life,
and not taking well any Advice to the contrary, his Belly {well’d
{o as not to be contained in his Coat, on which I warn’d him of
his very great danger, becaufe he being very weak, and fubject to a
Loofenels, there was no room for purging Medicines, which feem’d
to be the greateft Remedies for his Dropfie, threatning his Life, fecing
Diureticks did not now produce the defired Effect. On this alarm
he fent for three or four other Phyfitians, who, asI was told, {aid
he had no Dropfie, becaufe his Legs did not fwell, the Reafon of
which was, becaufe he lay ina A¥amac with his Legs up, and us’d
very little exercife. They advifed him to a Catapla/m of Vervain
of this Conntry, ¢zc. for his {well’d Belly, and would have given
him a Vomit next morning, but that it was an unlucky day, as in-
deed it had in all likelihood been to him, if he had taken it, for he
fell naturally by only the Cataplafm into a very dangerous Loolenels,
which had almoft carried him off ; fo the thoughts of this proceeding
was put off. Hechang’d foon his Phyficians, and had firft a Black,
who gave him Clyfters of Urine, and plaifter’d him all over with
Clay and Water, and by it augmented his Cough, He lefe his Black
Doétor, and fent for another, who promis‘d his Cure, but he
languifhed, and his Cough augmenting died foon after.

Mrs Barret, about Forty years ofage, of a {pare Body, fell into a Of a very
yiolent

Tertian, which naturally, or by Medicines, was very violent, chere7
being {carce any inrermiffion, Her Tongue was very black ; and
fhe delirous for che moft part. She had by her feyeral Cordials,

Cc The lntroduction.

as Bolus’s of Diafcord, ¢zc. which I fuppos’d had in part brought
herto this. I told them I hop’d the belt, and prepard her fome
Cortex Peru, with which, and the ufe of cooling diluting Drinks
fhe entirely recover’d, although fhe was by every Body thought to

be in a defperate condition.

Of a Le- Mar. Fletcher’s Child, about a year and an half old, was taken

thargy in with a fleepy Difeafe. It lay with the Eyes always fhut, and afleep.

seen J advisd the Mother to give it a little Manna immediately, and to
Blifter its Neck, which being done, and the Phyfick working well,
the Child recovered entirely its Health.

Ofa le OneR. a Tavern-keeper's Wife, about Forty years of age, Fat

thargy in and Phlegmatic, was upon exceflive drinking of Brandy, taken with

a Woman. i :
a Lethargy, inclining to an apoplectick Fir. She would on ve-
ry violent irritations lift up her Eye Lids, but would not fpeak.
I immediately order’d bleeding, bliftering in the Neck and Arms,
gaveher 5ij. of Diagridiumin a Glafs of Water, with {ome Drops
of Sp.Sal. Armon. Ordered one to hold to her Nofe the volatile Sale
of the fame in a Bottle, and a Snuff for her of Majorane, Betony,
and White Hellebore, which being put to her Nofe, fhe fnuft up
very often. By the help of thefe Medicines fhe firft went to Stool
in the Bed. Her Bliftersrofe, andthen on the ufe of the Snuff fhe
Sneesd. She was plied hard with them two days, then look’d up
more, could fay a word or two, and call for the Pot to make wa-
ter. Icontinued them two days longer, and fhe grew better, but
being morofe would take nothing, and fhut her Eyes. [told che
ftanders by, to frighten her, that I would get a Pan of Coals and
burn her with them on the Head, which fo alarm’d her, that fhe
took things, and was well above a year. Butthen, I fuppofe, on
the like occafion, fell into.an apoplectick Fic, and being fent for,
before I came fhe was dead,

Of a Teri- A little black Boy, of a year and an half old, belonging to
a = Tho. Rowland was taken violently ill of a Tertian, I gave him the Cor-
” tex prepd.as ufually, which being forc’d down, the little one was

well without relaple. , |

One Stephen Lego, a Wheel-wright, aged about Forty five, Phleg-

matic, fent for me. He was fitting in a Chair, with his Legs

{well'd like Pofts, on a Stool before him.- He could not lie

down, nor fo much as lean down his Head, for an Orthopnea

of a _ He had likewife a very violent Cough molefting him at all times.
Dropfie. One would have thought he could not have livd three hours

In

The Introdudion.

in that Agony. I order'd him immediately a Linéus made of
Syr. de Succo Fleder. Terrefir. Diacodium, Sugar-Candy, and Flor.
Sulph. which I bid him lick every now and then, from the Point of a
Knife. ‘This reliev'd him extremely, fo that every thing feem’d to
be better with the continuance of this Medicine. He flepr lying,
his Legs were not {well’d fo much, and his Cough gone. I gave
him fome Sp. of Hartfhorn for his Weaknels, fome Pill of Extr.

Rud. for his {well’d Legs, and {ome Locatelli’s Balfam for his! Lungs, .

to hinder Putrefa@tion in them, Thefe Remedies fucceeded very
well, fo that ina few Weeks time he went abroad, riding about the
Town every Morning. Having formerly been troubled with Ery-
fipelas's on his Legs, the depending Pofture of them in riding brought
down an Eryfipelas, which being very painful, and mightily inflam’d,
hinder’d him of Sleep, took away his Stomach, and brought to his
Legs a great Defluxion of ferous Humours. ‘The parts affected were
bath’d with a Lixivinm, in which were boil’d Wormwood, Rofe-
mary, Thyme, Bay-Leaves, Orange-Leaves, ¢7c. with a Bortle of
Wine added to ic at the latter end. With this the parts were often
bath’d to evaporate the Humours, and hinder a Gangreen ; but every
thing growing worle, they ask’d my Opinion whether he would
live. [told them, I believ’d he would not live many Days. ‘They
confulred the Aftrologers, ( who were much efteemed in Jamaica )
who told them, that it he {urviv'd the next Day’s Noon, the Alpects
of the Planets pofitively agreed to fave his Life, He liv’d three Days
alter the time, and yet when-he died, thefe: fame: People faid they
had by the Stars exaétly foretald the Minute of his Death, He had
before his Death a Gangrene appear'd in Periao.

One — —, aged about Fifty, came from his Plantation, where he
had been under the Care of feveral Phyficians without Relief. He
complain’d of a great Pain in his right Hypochouder. Thinking his
Liver obftructed, by reafon of a Tumour there, I gave him fuch
things as ufually avail in fuch Cafes, Hot-Gum-Plaifters, ic. Find-
ing this Courfe did not work the defired effect, but thac he rather
erew worfe, and that he began to find: fome Difficulty in making
Water, I began to doubt a Caruncle, and the Pox to be the chief of
his complicated Dileafes, and queftioning him very hard about that
matter, he at length confels’d. it, and that he had feveral times had
a Gonorrhea ; whereupon { alter’d my Courfe, and he being fo very
weak as not co endure any manner of Salivation, I gave him fome
Merc. Dulc. with an eafie Medicine to work it off, and tome things for
his Cough and fwell’d Legs, which had been on him a great while.
He fell atterwards into a Flux, which could not be ftopt by Opiats,

nor any other Remedy I could give, and fo he died, |
(c¢) Miss

Of a Com
plicated

Difeale of
the Drop-
fie, Con-
{umprion
and Pox.

ee A eS

Lhe Introduction.

Of a Wo-
man with
Child in
danger o
Milcar-
riage,
which was
prevented
notwith-
ftanding
fhe had re-
gularly her
Catamenta.

Of the
Child
brought
forth by
this Wo-
man.

Of a con-
fiderable

Pryale{m
ftope.

Mrs. Fletcher bad been with Child four or five Months, and hada
great pain in her Back and Loins, as if ready to bring forth, with a
Flux of Blood, or an appearance of the Menftrue Purgationes. Lim-
mediately had her Bled for fear of Abortion, enjoyn’d her to keep
her Bed, lying very ftill, with her Heels high, and a Pillow or two
under her Loins, and gave her an cafie Ffypnotick, viz, about 15 git

. of Laud. Lig. in a Draught of water, wherein was diflolv'd fome

Eleofacch. Gnamomi, With this fhe refted well, and by its continuance
all che Symptoms were quell’d, but fhe, during all the time of

being with Child, had her Menfes as regularly as when well, for

all the Medicines and Directions I could give her. She notwith-
fianding went out her time, and brought forth her Child very
well. |

According to the notions of fome Ancient Phyticians, there was
fome reafon to be apprehenfive the Child would not be healthy,
being defrauded of ics Nutriment while in the Belly ; yet, contrary
to this Opinion, ic continu'd as lively and brisk as any, till it was five
months oid, or thereabouts. It was then emaciated very much,
did not fleep, and was always froward and crying. I found its
Belly, ec. very well, which is generally {well’d in Children ema-
ciated from Knots, or Scropbulous Tumours in their Mefenteries,
Being apprehenfive that the Nurfes Milk did not agree with the Child,
fhe was chang’d, but notwithftanding that, and all the innocents
Medicines I durft ufe, the Child languifh’d more and more, and
died. 1 believe a great caufe of the variety obferved in this caie,

may come from the Plethoric, or other Conftitution of the Mo-
?
ther.

Mr. Byndloffe, aged about Twenty four, was for feveral months

troubled with a great pitting, on which he lookd very ill, he did noz

Cough, but wafted ftrangely. 1 was apprehenfive that this might
bring him in time to a Con{umption, and therefore ordered him to
take thrice a day about feven Drops of Opsbalfamum in Sugar, drink-
ing after it a draught of Diet-drink made of Sarfa, China, Saffafras,
raf. C.C. eboris, 7c. made with Raifins bruifed, to give ita good afk,
and made {refh every day, left it fhould ferment and ipoil. By
thefe Medicines he in a while grew very well. 1 was doubtful whe-
ther this Diftemper might not be an eafie Pryalifm from fome Mer-
curial Medicine taken unknown to me, or perhapsto him(elf, forme
Phyficians being very fond of giving Mercurial Remedies without

any urgent caule, in which I think they are to blame, they having

an uncertain Operation, and being fometimes exhibired not withour

danger.
One

a a=

ae)

The Lntroduction. tei

One Prince, a lufty Negro, had been ill of the Yaws (of which Ofa Black
ho being

I fall have occafion to fay more hereafter) and flux’d HORHGIE One is mie
of the Chirurgeons Hot-Houfes at Town, where being kept ex- cate, run
tremely hot, and abridg’d of Victuals, he, either being mad, or ex- out of tho
tremely uneafie, broke open the Door, and ran home ina very great ei
Breeze of Wind, Upon this his Spittle thickn’d, and his {pitting heighth of
ftop'd, ic running by Stool, and griping him very much. Ma- Sharan
jor Bragg fent for meto him, I order'd a little place in acornerof

the Houle to be made moderately warm for him, and gave him as

much Watergruel as he could eat or drink, one Scruple of Merc.

Dulc. in Conlerve of Rofes feveral times, and to ftop the Loofe-

nefs, fome drops of Laxdan. Lig. were putto it. By thefe means his
Salivation rofe again, and all the Symptoms ceas’d, only on the up-

per part of his Foot was one Sore, not yet dry'd, for which to-

wards the Jatcer end of his Spitting, I gave him 7 gr. of Tur-

bith. Min. in a Bolus of Confery. Rof. which working well up-

wards and downwards, it dry’d. Hecontinued well withour Re:

lapfe.

Mrs. Duke, aged about thirty five, was always at the ufual time of 4 wo-
of the Menftrue Purgationes, extremely troubled with intolerable man who
pains in her Belly and Loins, with a great prefs downwards, fo ali
that fometimes fhe had a Suppreffion of her Menfes, and at othet ar cic time
times a Procidentia uteri. 1 endeavour’d to remedy thefe Accidencs 0! the Cy-
by all manner of Men/es moventia, bleeding and purging, S:ce!-Courtes, 7"

P ulegium Decoétions, which prov’d to no purpole for tome Months.
Then I endeavour’d to Cure this Diftemper by Bleeding, Purg-
ing, ¢mc. juft before the ufual time of the coming of the Caramena,
but fhe found very little Amendment. Afterwards I grew a litele
cautious, left fhe might be with Child, and proceeded no farther.
’ Tis very ordinary to have betore, or at the beginning of the Cata-
menia, thele Symptoms, efpecially when the fick Pertons are out of
order, have receiv'd any injury in Childbed, or are troubl’d with the
Fluor albus. 1 have feen many methods of Chalybeat and Bath-
Waters, tried for this Difeafe in feveral perfons without effect. The
moft eafe they find is by having Children, the Vellels about che
Uterus being thereby diltended, and afterwards their Pains arc

leds.

Robert Nichols, aged Thirty or thereabouts, ufually drunk with Of 4 1%
Brandy, fell into a violent Hemorrhage at the Nole, icrunning out porhage at
in great quantity. After a while L was call'd, and order'd him to be the Nola.
bled at the Arm ten Ounces, and blew up through a Quill a Powder

nha chia dns "rosea and nla | ieee

Cry,

The lntrodudticn.

Of blind-

nef{s.

Of an Epi-
demic
Chin-
cough,

Ce ee

made of equal parts ot Alum, Vitriol and Bole Anmeniac, which thon:
the Hemorrhage tor fome ume. Ic returning feveral times, the fame
Medicines being repeated with bleeding, great Abitinence, Cooling,
and a cold Bath, he was entirely cured. ,

Dr. Rooks’s Wife, aged about Thirty five, of a Phlegmatic Con-
Rtitution, loft entirely the fight of one of ber Eyes, and with the
other could very hardly perceive any thing, and diltinguith noshing,
The Pupil of the one ftood always wide open, and that of the other
on looking at diftan: or near Cbjects {carce alter’, contracted,or di-
lated its felf, which is a fign of a very bad fight. The Doétortold
me that he came to me to fatisfie her Relations, but that he defpair'd
of aCure. He had given her Pil. Lucis, whereby fhe had had fome
Stools, and had made a Seaton in her Neck. Enquiring concerning
the Menfium Fluxus, | was told, fhe had been out of orcer chat wa y
for fome months. I encouraged them all I could, told them there
wasroom for hope, and took my Indication from the Ob{tiuction,
knowing what wonderful effects,and how many Dileafes in Women,
come fromthence. 1 order'd her to be Bled by Cupping with Seari-
fication in the Shoulders, to be blifter’d in the Neck, to be purg’d wich
Pil. Lucis {harpned with Diagrid. to fome Grains, twice a Week,
and in the intermediate days to take a Steel-EleCtuary made up with
Cephalicks, viz. Limat. Chalyb. Subtilif]. trit. made up wich Conferv.
Flor. Rori{marin, @c. and Chymical Oil of Thyme to fomie Drops, |
advis'd her likewife againft Sneezing Powders, and to take after her
Fleétuary, and twice a day befides, a good draught of a Decodion
of Sage and Rofemary, into which an Eleofacch. of Rofemary was
diflolved. [likewifle defired her to take Millepedes alive, to one
hundred in a morning, rifisg to that number by degrees on the days
when fhe took nothing elfe. By thele means perlilted in, fhe frit
felt fome relief, by degrees recovered the fight of one Eye, and chen
of the other, fothat fhe could at laft read Bibles of the {malleft
Print, and was entirely cured.

In Jan. and Feb. 1688. after fome hard Breezes and Norths, (Winds)
moft part of the poor Children who lay in the Savana Honles
(which were Huts made of Palifadoes or Reeds, and cover’d with
Palm-Leaves) expos on every fide to the Winds, and not ftrong
enough to keep them out, were taken with Chincoughs, which was
‘very Epidemical, and contagious among them, {carce any elcaping ‘
After trial of feveral things, I could not find any relief till the vio-
Jence of the Diftemper torc’d me to Land. Lig. & Lond, both of
which cautioufly given cur’d them all, but I had a great care of the
Dofe. Ihave given it to many Children atthe Breaft, diflolv’d in

the

The Introduchion. CV

Nn.

the Mothers or Nurfes Milk, wich very wonderful fuccefs, and |
thank God had never any bad Accident follow’d its ufe, although
Ihave given it to hundreds of Infants. The fame Remedy (Mu-
tatis mutandis) never mifles the other degrees of this Diftemper in
other Ages, if adminiftred as it ought to be.

Mr. E. 7. aged about Forty five years, much given todrinking Rum-
Punch, had feveral times fallen into the Belly-ach, by which he had
loft the ufe of his Limbs. He came to me complaining of want of
Appetite, had likewife a {queamifhnefs or inclination to Vomit, a.
very great Paralytick fhaking all over him, and was veryweak.
gave him a Vomit of Oxymel Scill. which increafed, during the time
of working, his Tremor to fuch a heighth, as one would have thought
him Expiring, but he telling me it was ufually fo with him in Vo-
miting, | wrought it off with chin Watergruel, and after the ufe of Of the
Bitter-Wine, Sp. C.C. ec. For fome time he feem’d to be very well B°!¥-8¢#-
recovered, fo that he was ableto go about his Bufinefs, his Stomach
was good, and he eat his Victuals very heartily, and grew ftronger
every day.

He rode out one morning about feven Miles, and drank the Milk
or inward Juice of three Coco Nuts, which being too great a Load
for fo weak a Stomach and Body, he fell prefently into violent
Vomiting and Loofenefs. This laft continued with him, for which
I ordered him the Decoét. Alb. for ordinary Drink, I gave him Cor-
dials of Confeét De Hyacinth, made up into Draughts with Cina-
mon-water, and Syr. Caryopbill. to which was now and then as
occafion requir’d, added either Opiates co ftop, Bezoar-Powder, or
Sp.C. CG. to fome Drops, but all in vain, for every Stool weakned
him more and more, fochac in a very few days he died.

His Wife, recovering of a Fever, turn’d yellowifh in her Com-
plexion, and had a bitter taft in her Mouth. I gave her a Vomic
of Infuf. Croc. Metall. about 3vj. with as much Syr, Cariophyll. as OF a Ca-
made ic palatable. She vomired, and was reliewd entirely by taking ¢4cxy-
fome Pills of Extr. Rudi. She was fome Months after taken ill,
much afrer the fame manner, I repeated the Vomit, and gave her
three Pills made of @il. Ruff. and finding they agreed with her, I
gave her a Box of them, and fome Elixir Proprietatis, to remove
the Jaundice, (which feem’d for the moft part to lurk about her,)
when ever fhe fhould find occafion again, She came by chis me-

thod to a perfect Health.
Cad) A

ie capers apne Ama OR ET CPE IOI A

evi The Introduction.

——

A Negro Woman, belonging to Mr. Forwood, was brought to me,

fhe had a great many Ulcers in the Extremities of the Fingers and

Toes, andabout the Joints “There was alfo feveral Bladders fill’d

with Serum on feveral of her Joints, as if Cantharides had been applied

there to raife a Blifter. Thefe Bladders or Cuticula fill’d with ferous

Matter, came either on her Fingers or Toes, every Full and New

Moon, and in procefs of time each of chele Bladders broughe an

Ulcer, leaving the Flefh raw, and fometimes deeper, fomerimes

Shallower corroded, fo thac the longer che Bladders had been rais‘d,

the deeper were the Ulcerations, “The virulency of the Humour was

fuch, asthac after it had eaten intothe Bone, the joints of the Fingers

and Toes would drop cff, and they die, as I have been affur'd by

thofe who have loft feveral Negros of this Difeafe, 1 was aflured

was peculiar co Blacks. Her Mafter told me fhe had been ia the

Of a2 Hands of a great many Phyficians, who had Bled, Purg’d, Sweated,
ftrange : . :

Difeate in@7¢- her to che greatelt degree, without any fuccefs. 4 told him, I

a Black thought Fluxing, or Salivation, bid fairelt for the Cure of this Dileale,

baer and having got a corner of an Out-houle ready, fhe was therein

Fingers flux’d by Unction. After awhile fhe was not only fo well that all the

and Toes, Symptoms of Bladders formerly rifing on Full and Change of the

ere Moon, did not appear as ufually, but the Ulcers all over her extre-

Full and miities dry’d up, and were cicatrizd, fo that] did not doubt but all was

Change of perfectly well, Salivation being a great Remedy in Difeafes where

the Serum of the Blood is Peccant, either as to quantity or quality,

I was very much difappointed, when her Mafter told me about

three Months after, thac her Diftemper was again, on Fuil and

Change, returnd on her. I concluded that the Salivation had not

been prolecuted to the heighth, by my judging her Dileafe cured,

and therefore order’d her cto be fhut up, and {een rub her felf as

‘direéted. ‘This fecond Salivation was very copious, and fhe well a-

‘gain. J, notwithftanding, towards the latter end gave her a Vo-
mit of Turpeth, Min. and continued her Spitting for feveral days
with Merc. Dalc. and afterwards order’d her a Diet Drink made uf
the Woods Sarfa, &c. boil’d in Lime-water. This preferv’d her as
formerly, for {ome time, but did not fecure her from a Relapfe. So
foon as this Difeafe again appear'd, I thought, that perhaps, this was
proper to Blacks, and fo might come from fome peculiar indifpo-
fition of their black Skin. (Knowing nothing more effetual in Cu-
tancous Difeafes of this Nature than Sulph, Vivum. | made an Oinr-
ment of this with, Ung. ex Oxylapath, and order’d her the ufe of this
Liniment on all the difleafed parts. ‘This being done, all was feem-
ingly relieved, but not without a return as violent as ever of her
Dittemper Her Mafter being difpleas’d with the loathfome fight of

her

The latroduGion. CVil

her about his Houfe, remov'd her from thence to his Plantation

whereby I had no opportunity of further trial of Skill with this Di-
itemper. This was a very ftrange Difeafe noc only in its felf, but
that ic followed very regularly the Fulland New Moon. I have
feen more Difeafes than this, come exaétly at thofe times ; but the

have generally been Epilepfies, or other Difeafes of the Head, and
have not been fo vifible as were thefe Bladders of water before-
mentioned,

One nighr, very late, I was fent for tothe Grawile Plantation to a

Girl of about Twelve years of Age, of Mr. Bozles. She hada veryOf a
great {Welling in her Throat with pain, difficulty of {wallowing Quinte.
and breathing, join’d with a Fever. I immediately took Ten Ounces
of Blood out of herright Arm, gave her about one Scruple of Pil,
Coch. Min. diflolv’d in water, for her more eafie {wallowing her Me-
dicine, order’d her cooling Drinks and Juleps, made a Linétus of fair
Water, Whites of Eggs beat to water, and Sugar-candy, which fhe
was defired to {wallow down eafily. Wizh the ufe of thefe Reme-
dies, I furthered defired, that in cafe, in my abfence, her difficulty
of breathing fhould augment, they fhould immediately bleed her
again. By the ule of thefe directions fhe entirely recovered.

The fame Girl, fome months after, was at Port-Royal taken ill
of an intermitting Fever, which hanging very long about her, dif-
colour’d her Face. She look’d very pale, had likewife a {welling in’
the right Alypochondre on the Region of the Liver, and was very Ca-
cheétic. toidthem I thought this Difeafe was the effect of the Fe- —
vers long continuance, and lurking about her, without being cur'd by Of a co-
fome effectual Remedy. I thought it convenient to carry off fome #47
of the Morbific Matter to purge eafily with Extr, Rud. to give her
a Diet Drink of Sarfa, China, exc. for ordinary Drink, and to put
her in a {mall time into a Steel Courfe, by which means in fome
Weeks her Belly grew lank, fhe well colour’d, and perfectly rid of
her Cachexy.

Two of her Brothers werethen troubled with Quotidians, the FitsOf a Qu-
lafted twelve hours, and they were treated by Phyficians of feveral ““”
Notions, with feveral methods for removing them. They were
not at all relieved, but grew Cacheétic as their Sifter had been, their
Bellies-began to {well, and they to look pale. I advifed without
any delay, the ule of the Cortex Peruy. which given as I us‘d to do,
curd them ; but their Fevers had continu’d fo long about them, that
they being Cacheétic, I put them into the Steel Courle betore-men-
tioned, whereby they were perfectly recovered.

Dr. Cooper,

we

CVill The Introduction.

Of the
Felly-ach.

Soteeeeeel

Dr. Cooper, aged about Forty five years, of a yellowifh fwarthy
Complexion, was a great Drinker of Rum-Punch, and told me
that he had had Twenty five feveral violent Fits of the Belly-ach,
with drinking thae fortof Liquor, He had been illin the Country
feveral days, and had had fome Convulfion Fits. He had an in-
tollerable pain about the Region of his Navel. For this he had
taken feveral Clifters and Purgers, which, although they wroughe
well, yetcurd him not, but gave only a {mall momentary relief. I
advis'd him to a Fomentation all over his Belly, with a Decoétion
of Roots of Althea, Leaves of the fame, and Mallows, Fenugreek,
and Linfeed, with Camomile-Flowers, Juniper-Berries, and Cum-
min-Seed. With thefe he had a {mall relief, but grew prefently as
bad as ever. I gave him Extr. Rud. which purg’d him very weil,
but remov’d his pain but for a moment. I then gave him an eafie
Opiat, mixt with a Purge, but it had no effect. In the ule of a
Clifter, in which was boild Gourd Leaves, he found a moment’s
relief, during the time of its working, but foon was taken with
Convulfion Fits. For thefe Fits I gave him Sp. C.C. and Volatile
Salt of Sal Armoniack to {mell to, as well as Ol. Succin. dropt on
Sugar, in a convenient Vehicle. He was now very weak, had cold

_ Sweats, a weak Pulfe, not able to endure Phyfick, every Stool endan.

gering his Life, and the ufe of his Limbs was almoft wholly taker
from him. Ichang’d the Medicines as occafion required, fometimes
he took one Ounce of Sena boil’d in Chicken-Broath, and drank aftee
it a Gallon or two in a day, to endeavour the wafhing away of
any fharp or fower Humour lying and corroding the Coats of the
Guts. For the fame purpofe he would at my defire drink huge
Draughts, and often of thin Watergruel, left the Chicken Broach
{hould inflame too much, his water being thick and high colour’d,
and he complaining of Erratick pains, (as it is with moft others in
this Difeafe) bur allto the fame purpofe. Sometimes on vomiting
he found great relief, there being al ways an inclination that way, but
this relief was bur ofa fhort continuance. He being defirous of new
Medicines, after I had given him an agreeable Cathartick, fenc for a.
nother Pbyfician, who gave him fome ftrong Opiar, as I think of
Diacodium, by which the Operation was ftopt of the Cathartick, After
fleeping, as he thought, he was confiderably reliev'd, wherefore he
perlifted in the ufe of that; buc in afew days he fell intoa ftrong
Convulfion Fic, and died. A third Phyfician coming to him, pro-
posd Wild-Liquorifh-Leaves, boil’d in water, and the Decoction
drank, as likewife a DecoG@ion of Purflane; but they both feem’d
very unequal to remove fo great Difeafes, elpecially this Jaft, which
we in fubitance eat every day to great quantities in Sallets, withour
any fenfible alceration. Mrs. Cook

The Introduction. CIX

a

Mrs. Cook fent for me to a Child of hers, which, when I came,
was juft our of a Convulfion Fic. It wasa year and a half old, and Of Con-
was not breeding Teeth. I gave it fome drops of Sp.C.C. anda nit
drop or two of Ol. Succin. in Sugar, diflolv'd in water, and or.
dered three or four Grains of Cinnabar to be given in any Li-
quor, or what wa~ they pleasd. The Child falling into another
Fit, on repeating thefe Medicines had immediate relief. The fame
Child fell into an intermiting Fever, and in the time of the Paroxy{m
had Convulfion Fits. I immediately gave the Cortex Peruv. in
Chocolate, hinder’d the next Paroxy/m of the Fever, and curd the
Child.

Mrs.Fuller, aged about Forty years, of a Sanguine Complexion, had
a {wimming in her Head, could nor Sleep, but wasina manner lighe-
headed in the nights, having a great many incoherent andtrouble-
fome Fancies and Chimera’s in her thoughts, She had likewife fome
pains in her Back, fometimes in one place, and fometimes in ano-
ther, and,to be fhort, told me fhe had no free part about her, but eve-
ry where was troubled with one Ailor other. She had likewife eve-
ry day feveral loofe Stools, and had had feveral Phyfitians, who had Of iyferic
gone on feveral methods ; but moftly on evacuations by Stool. She : catia
grew always worfe and worfe on thefe Courfes, was extremely ape nefs, and
prehenfive of her Life, faw every thing of her Diftemper through a Eee
magnifying Glafs, and upon any fudden fear or danger, fhe fell into” “°°”
violent Fits, of which you may fee an inftance before on her Sons
death. She was very earneft for Evacuations, but I told her that was
notthe way. Another Phyfician, being confulted, told her that fhe
could not be relieved, and that ic was Fits. I eafily aflenced to his
Opinion of the Dileale, and proceeding a contrary way towards her
cure, would not as yet fuffer any Evacuation, either by Bleeding,
Scool or Vomit, but ttrove by all means to {top her habitual Loote-
nes by Decoét. Alb. for her ordinary Drink, Papers of Creta, or
Chalk powdered, with which I mixt fome Caffor, and gave her
over night about Two Scruples of this, with a very gentle Opiat.
She had very many other Cephalicks given her, as Sp. CC. Ol. Succin.
a Bottle of Volatile Sale to {melleo. She had alfo Juleps of 47. Pulec.
and other Hyfterics, a Decoétion after the manner of Tea made of
Sage and Rolemary, and feveral other things of this Nature, by
which fhe did not feem to.be very much relievd, only the Loofenels
flopt. Her Head was ftill very light, and full of Fancies. I durft
not alter the firit nights tryal adventure on any Opiats, but perfifted
in the other Remedies to {top her loofe Stools, and in the Hyfterics,
So toon as the Loofenefs was itopt by this method, I puc her into a
| (cc? Steel

ret ct Atty

CX The lutrodudion.

Steel Courfe, which after it was patiently gone through with great
romiles of relief, fhe keeping a very good Diet, and exercifing on
Horfeback and Foot, was brought to her perfect Health. Com-
plaining to me very much of a giddinels in her Head, and that fhe
had not regularly her Catamenia, | had her bled in che Foot, once or
twice, which did her a great deal of good, and fhe was ordered to
take Millepedes every morning ina Glas of water, wich which fhe was
very well, ae
About two months after fhe was well of this Difeafe, the fell into
a Colick and Conftipation of her Belly. She had not beer at Stool
in fome time, had very violent and extraordinary Colical pains in
her Belly, and was fhivering as one in a Fit of an Ague. I gave
her immediately about gv. 1. of Laud. Lond. with 15. gr.of Extr.
~ Rad, that after her pains were aflwaged by che Opiat, fhe might have
Ofthe Bel-a Stool by the Extr. Rud. She fell into moft violent convullive mo-
ise .,tions, and foam’d at Mouth, but being broughe to herfelt by burnt
termitting Feathers, Volatile Salts, Spirits, exc. fhe complain’d of intolerable
Rae and pains, till the Opiat made her eafie. After fhe had eafe, the Phyfick
pe began to work, it gave her fome very good Stools, and remov’d the
Diitemper in her Belly, by voiding fome hard, round Balls or Pel-
lets, like Sheeps Dung. She was feverifh, and inclining to Swear.
I gave her fome Sp. CC. in a Decoction of Sage and Rofemary to for-
ward that motion of Nature, to try thereby to root out that which [
was afraid might in time fhow ics felf, viz, an intermictting Fever.
This accordingly happen’d, and it return’d in about Forty hours,
with the fame Symptoms, only no Belly-ach, which had becn ac.
cidental to the firft Fir. This fecond Fit began with inclination, and
reachings to Vomit, which I promoted by thin Watergruel, and a
Feather put into her Throat. _ By this proceeding there was a prefent
alleviation of Symptoms fora moment. After thefe Vomitings came
the cold Fit, with which I ftruggled with Sp. C C. and fuch things,
fhe having Convulfions in it, which were ftrong. After the Con-
vulfions came the hot Fit, very burning, in which wasa great Thirft,
and delirous Difcourfe, for thefe i gave her as many cooling Liquors
as fhe defired to drink, When the Sweat began to appear, then {
ply’d her with hot Sudorificks, by which fhe {weated very plenti-
fully. After the Fic was over, confidering its violence, and her Con-
fticution, I told her | apprehended fome danger, if fhe fuffered any
more Fits, and therefore adviled her to cure this Fever immediately
with the Cortex Peruv. which I gave her. She mift all figns of a
Fic after fhe had taken it. I gave her Milleped. to one hundred in a
morniag alive, to hinder Obftructions, and forward the Men/frue
Purgationes. She found relief in them, and was perfectly well.

People who have the Belly-ach have generally rhumatick or gouty
pains

TR EY ale

The Introdudli On. CXi |

vue ~ — 7

ains in their Joints or Limbs, anda f nth
1 ; a fettlement in cheir w
Brick-duft, se on

Major Thomas Ballard, Plethoric, of a Sanguine Com lexion
aged about Thirty five, much given to readin Sabie Wek Of anex-
ing, and fitting up late, fometimes for feveral nights together wich. '#0Fdina-
out Sleep, was, ‘after a Debauch in Brandy for fome da did sey eal
aiak ch YS and tion of the
ignts without Reft taken extremely ill, He fent for me, I found Heart.
him complaining very much of a giddinefs in his Head, Palpitation
or as he call’d it, a fluttering at his Heart, very great Faintings, cold
jue bg Ase span Thele shat were not always
Be sitte legen | sabia much abated, and would return
y or night with great violence, infomuch that
there feemed to be great hazard of his Life, and that he could not be
brought to Sleep, I was at firft very apprehenfive of an Apoplexy,
and therefore had him bled, and for his fainting Fits he took now
and then fome Cordials, as they are call’d, made of Aq. Ceraf. Nigr.
Peon, Comp. with fome Bezoar or Gafcoyne-Powder in them. By thefe
means the cold Sweats were taken off, and he ac prefent relieved. He
had likewife fome Volatile Salt of Sal Armoniac to {mell to, fome Ol.
Succini to take fome times, and fome Sp. C..C. at others. He was
alfo bliftered in the Neck and Arms, and had an Iffue cut in his Left
Arm. Notwithftanding thefe Medicines, his Faintings and Palpi-
tation continued, I gave him Betony, Sage, and Kofemary, to
make of them a Decoétion to be drank after the manner of Tea,
many Preparations of Caftor, and a little Gafcoyne-Powder feveral
times in his Cordial Juleps. He was, likewile, at the inftance of
fome, Bled in the Foot once or twice, but I could not find any of
thefe things to relieve very manifeftly, only the Dileale leem'd to go
off infenfibly by degrees, and was in fome weeks, by the help of
Infufions of Hierapicra, and Purges of Diagridium, ec. carried off,
His Diftemper neverthelefs lurk’d fo about him, that drinking very
much, riding in the Sun, or any thing: heating the Blood, imme
diately brought a Parexifm, which did not eafily yieldto any Medi-
cines, till ic wrought off by degrees of its felf by cemperace living,
I was very apprehenfive chat chele Symptoms proceeded from a Po-
lypus, lodg’d omewhere in the great Veffels near che Heart, and ad-
vis'd him, on that fcore, to great Temperance, and a Steel Courle,
It is very plain this Difeate mult have come from lome great dilorder
about the Heart, upon the Blood its coming thither in quanuity,
and not being able to be difcharged from thence ; but by ralpicatt-
ons of reiterated Pullations and efforts, 1 have feen tuch a Diitem-
er more than once come from bony Excrefcencies about the Aorta,

great Artery, or Valves of the Heare: perhaps fuch cumeene>
might

See ene

CXil The Introduction.

ee a

NET =o mee
a

might be produced the fooner by intemperate living, for Spirie of
Wine turns the fibrous part of the Blood, of which Polypi are made
into a hard Cattilaginous or bony Sudftance. Thi- Gentleman enjoy’d
after this Sicknefs a perfect Health.

A Servant of his, one Charles, a white Man, came to Town from
his Plantation, He was about Thirty five years of age, was quite
difcoloured all over his Body, looking pale, his Face was bloated or

OfaDrop- fwell’d extremely, fo were his Legs like Pofts, and all his Body, but

a efpecially his Belly and Scrotum. He made water very little, if any,
that which he made was with very great difficulty, complaining of
great fharpnefs and heat. His Scrotum was fo {well’d with ferous
Matter, as that it was much bigger than his Head, yet almoft tran-
fparent, and hiding of his Penis, fo that very little of icappear’'d. This
Difeafe was thought by every one to be an incurable Pox, but I told
them I thought there was no Symptoms here but thofe of a Dropfie,
and gave him prefently fome Jalap in Powder, to about half a
Dram, which wrought with him very well by Urin and Stool, info-
much that he found himfelf much better. I continued it every other,
or third day, fometimes changing it for Extr. Rud. and on the inter-
mitting days, wherein he took no Purges, I otder’d him a Decofam
ex Lignis;erc. ina {mall time, with the help of a Crocus Metall.
Vomit, now and then given him, his Belly, Scrotum, and whole
Body were lank. He made water well, and was in perfect Health.
To confirm this I-gave him a Steel Electuary to carry into the Coun-
try, to hinder a Relapfe, ordering him to Exercife much, he being |
avery Lazy Fellow. He not obeying directions, was taken ill again,
after the fame manner as at firft, and came not to Town till the {wel-
ling all over was fo great, asthat he:could not ftir off his Back. He
had likewife a great Cough. I begam:as formerly with him with
Purgers, with. which he was very mucheas’d; and brought to go a-
bout again,: but he could-not eat, he :fell likewife intoa Loofenefs,
with which, ‘although I ftruggled all I could by Opiats, vc. yet in
fome days he died. 7 ,

George Thrieves, a Bricklayer, about Thirty five years of age, had
labour'd under a Cough for feveral:months, by which he could not
fleep in the night. He was alfo very much troubl’d with it in the
day. He had a very quick and Feverifh Pulle, efpecially towards

Of a Con- tae Evening, and was very much emaciated and weak, thac he could
tumpcion. very hardby: fir. ; I gave him a Lincius of Ol. Amigd. Dulc. Syr-
Capill. Ven. Diacodium, and Sugar-Candy, and befides ta the evening
he had an Aypnotick Draught, and fome Drops of Lig. Laudan. with
which he was very much ketter, and although he had been left as
agin deiperately

The Introdudion. CXili

defperately ill; yet by thefe, and fome Pectoral Decoétions, he was
above two months in a condition to ride abroad, and very hearty,
fo that “twas thought he would have intirely recovered. Thecon-
ftant ufe of the Opiats ftopt him fo much that I was fore’d now and
then togive a Pill of Extr. Rud. to procure hima Stool. He took
fome Balfam of Sulphur, and Locatelli’s Balfam ; but he fell into
a Loofenefs, and fo died, notwithftanding Confect. de Hyacinth. and
other things of that Nature given to ftop it.
His Wite, after his death, was taken very ill of an intermitting Fe-
ver, which was very violent. She had been treated with feveral forts Of an in-
of Diaphoreticks, with which fhe grew worle, but fending for me, ea
I perfuaded her, with much ado, to take the Cortex Perny. by which
in a little time fhe was cured.

Mrs. L. aged about Forty years, on drinking too much Wine, fell
into a Cholera Morbus. She fent for me, was vomiting very frequently,
and going to Stool often. Torder’d her to drink a great deal of very Of a Chok-
thin Chicken Broath, and fo helpt her to Vomit much more than fhe“ ““""""
did before, and towards the evening when I faw a fufhcient Evacus
ation both ways, and that fhe was not well able to bear much more,
I gave her fome Confeét. de Hyacinth. in Cinamon-water, into which
was dropt fifteen Drops of Laud. Lig. Cydon. with which a little fair
water being added, and Syrup. Gariophyll. ad grat. Sapor. fhe was per-
fectly cured,

About fix months after fhe fell into a very great Pleurifie. She
had a moft extraordinary violent pain in her Side efpecially on breathe
ing, Sighing or Coughing, all which fhe was troubled with, I had her
Bled in the Arm to Ten Ounces, gave her fome powdered Crabs- ae very
Eyes, {ome Linfeed-Oil and Sugar-Candy. Thefe did not relieve her, pio,
but fhe grew worfe and worfe, had cold Sweats, ec. I gave her cur’d by
then fome Cordials made of feveral Vinous Spirits, made her take eae
fome Sp. C.C. to keep her alive, and had her bled to a good quan-
tity, five times ia her Foot and Armin Twelve hours, [ had like-
wile her fide rub’d with Ung. Dialth ~ Ol. Lumbric. as alfo a hot
Bag of parch’d Salt put warm to it. In this fhe fele fome {mall re-
lief, but fhe found more advantage in the bleeding than any ching
elfe, though it feemed very exceffive, By thefe methods fhe recovered
her pertect Health.

Her Husband had been fick and weakly for many years, his Skin
yellow. I gave him fome Extr. Rudit by which he was cured, and
tid abroad, He fent, on another Fit of the fame Difeafe, for ano- Of a cs
ther Phyfician, what was done I know not, buc when I was fent irda
for again he had an extraordinary yellow Skin and Eyes, a great“
weaknels, fcarce able co ftir, a vomiting of very filchy mucous

(FF) difco-

eet tenet eens

CXIV The lntroduétion.

difcolour’d Matter by Mouth fulls, and a perpetual Hiccough. 3%
thought his Diftemper now fcarce curable, but advis'd him to take
fome Drops of Elix, Propr, with fome Tinure of Arnotto or Achiotle,
which he us’d to take for the Scone in Rhenifh Wine, This Tincture,
(which is a fam’d Diuretic in thefe parts.) he took, but his Simenites
perpetually following him, except when he had a lirtle Sleep, which
was very fhort, he died.

Of inter- Mr. Fletcher, twice in two Epidemical Conftitutions, fell into in-
Fever’ termitting Fevers, which by the help of the Cortex Pernv. were
both cured wichout returns,

_ A Man Servant of his likewife very many Symptoms of a beour
ee Confumption and Heétic, as great coughing, elpecially in the night,
Fevers,and difficulty of breathing,¢xc. with thefe he had an intermitting Yertice
a Cough, Fever. I gave him the Cort. Perav. as ufually, and he was not only
releme8 freed of his Ague, but perfectly recovered of his other Symptoms,

which I was apprehenfive would have been much more troublefome
than the Fever. ‘Thus I have feen very often that feeming He@tics
have been cured by the Bark. |
A Negro Woman of his called Rofe, who us’d to be about the
Houfe, and attend Children, grew Melancholy, Morole, Tacitura,
and by degrees fell into a perfeét Mopifhnels or ftupidity, She
would not {peak toany Body, would not eat nor drink, except whez
forc’d, and if fhe were bid to do any thing fhe was wont to de,
before fhe had gone aboutit, fhe would forget what her Commands
Of Mad- were. If one brought her out to fec her about any thing, fhe would
nae ftand in the Pofture fhe was left, looking down on the Ground, and
if one further, as for inftance, put 2 Broom in her Hands to {weep
the Houfe, there fhe ftood with it, looking on the ground very pea-
five and melancholy. She had fallen into this the Full Moon be-
ore I faw her, and had afterwards her Exacerbations alwayson Full
or Change. I had her Cupt and Scarified in the Neck, ordered her 2
very ftrong Purge of Extr. Rud, to be forc’d down her Throat.
This did not work. 1 gave her fix Ounces of Vin. Emet. telling
her ic was a Dram, which wrought pretty well with her. 1 gave
her alfo, feveral days very ftrong Doles of Diagridium, or falap a-
mongft her Victuals, which fometimes wrought none at all, and ac
other times would work pretty well. Ina months time chere was
much alteration for the better, fo that fhe was concluded not to be
betwitched by her own Country people, which was the Opinion of
moft faw her. This happens very often in Difeafes of the Head,
Nerves or Spirits, when the Symptoms of them are extraordinary, of
not underltood, to be attributed by the common People ro Wuch-
crate, or the Power of the Devil. ffa fetida is uled in Exorcilms,

W oie

The lntroduGion. CXV

which I take to be more proper for Hyfterick or Nervous diforders of
thofe to be Exorcis'd,than to offend the Noftrils of the Devil. I bli-
ftered her Neck, gave her now and then Vin. Emet. to fix Ounces,or
Merc. Vit. toecight or nine Grains, fhe being very hard, as all mad
People are, to work on. She had fome white Puftles rofe all over
her Skin, and by the ule of thefe Medicines alternatively, fhe came
to her felf, went about her bufinefs, and was well.

Worms of all forts are very common amongft all kinds of People
here, efpecially che Blacks and ordinary Servants. They are very
often obliged to eat the Country corrupt Fruits, Roots, and other
Meats apt to breed many kinds of Vermin inthe Guts. Sometimes
— thefe Worms caufe Fevers, which run very high with great intermil-
fions and exacerbations, fometimes Convulfion-Fits, very often great
pains in the Belly and Stomach, now and then bloody Excrements,
and at other times perfons Vomit up Worms of divers fhapes and
magnitudes, It is often very hard to find out the caufe of thefe
Symptoms. I ufed to give immediately fome Diagridium and Merc.
Dulcis mixt together, which ufually brought fome of them away, or
quieted the Symptoms. I us’d co allow a Grain of Diagridium to every
year of the Childs Age, and about half the quantity of Merc. Dulc.
Sometimes in aged People I gave Pil. Coch. Min. or Extr. Rud. mixt
with Calomelanos. I have {een eighteen Worms come away in a day or
two with thefe Medicines. Sometimes I would give Cinnabar to
Children this way difeafed, if I apprehended their Head to be affected,
or if other Medicines took no place. I often gave Corallina in very great
quantities, which I never faw do any great matter, but by Wormieced
given I have found great fuccels,as alfo by Oil. Very often the Worms
here are proof to all thefe Medicines, and carry off abundance of
People, whichchiefly happens when they have eat through the Guts,
or are in fo great numbers, or lodg’d in fuch corners and recefles of
the Guts ; thac alchough there be a plentiful Evacuation of them, yec
{fo many remain as to be mortal, or lie in fuch places as the moft
effectual Medicines come not near them. *Tis ufval here to give
Children eafie Purges, or Wogmfeed, at the Change or Full of the
Moon. Thefe Worms in Children come very often from fucking
Sugar-Canes Raw, and make the Children look very pale and wan.

Of Worms:

One Harris, a Joyners Wife, came to me with a Child of about

feven years of Age in her Arms, which had the Face ftrangely
fwell’d, efpecially the Lips, which were tumified predigioufly,and
made the Child look very deformed. The Nofe was alto all over
red, and {well’d out in Jumps which were very much inflam’d, his

Throat was alfo fomewhat affected. I ask’d her whether or sh

CXVI The lntroduction.

a

{he had given any thing to this Child for the Worms. She told me
Ofa fle had, and that one for that purpofe had given her a Powder.
Tae Defiring to {ee it, fhe fhew’d me a Paper wherein was a great deal
lite by of Merc. Dulce. Left the Child fhould be choakt by the topping of
ania the Salivation, I order’d ic to be kept moderately wari, and to be
Mevcsixe bled to fix Ounces, and after that to take fome Diagridium to make
Dulcis. a Revulfion, and carry the humours off by Stool. I order’d her af-
rerwards to apply Empl. Diachyl. cum gum. to all the lumps to ripen
chem. I defir’d chey fhould have a care of opening them on the
outfide by Incifion, left Scars might follow, and make the Face all
over deform’d and ugly, for in tuch cafe the more the Child grew,
the greater would be the Scars. If {mall Tumours break without
a Knife or Cauftic, there is not fo much danger of marks, With
Diagridium Purges now and then given, the Face leflened, came ia
fhape, and was pretty well, and by the application of the Plaifter,
the lumps ripened and broke one after another, and the Child was
well without fo much as the appearance of a Scar. If Merc. Dulc.
be mix’d in a larger quanticy with Jalap, or other purging Powders,
after the Powder has been ftir’d, and fome Dofes taken out, the Merc.
Dulc. being heavier, goes to the bottom, and fo confequently, af-
ter fome time, is taken in larger proportion than the Purgers, and oc.
cafions fuch Accidents as Salivation, ¢c. “This preparation of Mer-
cury likewife acquires a bad Corrofive quality by lying long in the
Air, and fo does Antimoninm Diaphoreticum get an Emetic quality.

A Jean {pare Woman, aged about Fifty, complain’d very much
Of agid- of a giddinefs inher Head. She told me that when fhe was in the
dinefsin Fortieth Year of her Age her Men/true Purgationes had left her, and
the Head. that then fhe began to be out of order, She had had the Catamenia
firft at Eleven. 1 gave her fome Sp. C.C. thrice a day, and would
have bled her, but that her weaknefs was a Contra-Indication. With

that Spiric fhe recovered. |

Mrs. Pain, aged about Thirty five years, was taken very ill
of a Fever, with which fhe had perpetual Vomitings and Stools,
Of aFe- Without any refpite. She being in fome time very much weakned
ver and by it, I gave her fome Landanum at night in a Bolus with T heriac.
ries Androm, but it had no fuccefs. I orderd her to drink great quan-
"tities of Watergruel to wath away the Caufe, and then gave her
again fome eafie Opiat,which,neverthelefs,fucceeded nor. I then gave
her great quantities of Sal Prunell, by which fhe was much reliev'd
of her vomiting, and was in fome time by keeping a cool Regimen

Wory Well eecovcrcday i ial GTC ce

One

The Introduction. CXVIi

~ ee ~— emul

One Pavey, of about Fifty five years of age, complain’d to me of
a great Oppreffion, or Lump at her Stomach, that fhe could nor Of ah op-
fwallow nor eat, fhe had likewife a pain there. I durft not give her i -
a Vomit for her weaknefsand age, but [ ordered herabout Fifteen mach. —
gr.ot Pil. Coch.Min. in two Pills, with which fhe was gently purg’d and

well,

A Cooper had a blow on the Sternum, with a Horfes Foot, which
healing, hada knot or Callus vifible on it, he complain’d of a great
and conftant pain at his Stomach, which had been proof to feveral
methods us’d by feveral Phyficians. I fufpeéted it might be a de-
preflion of the Cartilago enfiformis, and order'd him to be Cupt on Of a de-
it, toendeavour drawing of it ro its place. allo order'd a ftickin apes of
Plaifter to be drawn violently off of his Breaft, with which he found >), and
relief} but not fo much as when at Sea. I doubted Whether the Carrilago
Compreffio in congreffu Venereo might not deprefs the Sternum and make #77"
him worfe, he being worfe every morning when at home, and bet-
ter when he was at Sea abfent from his Wife.

Mr. F— aged about Twenty tour, extremely Corpulent and Far,
us'd to eat very heartily, and drink very hard without any great pre-
judice. One evening he made a Challenge to another, whothought
himfelf able to bear more drink than he, defiring him before the pre-
{ent Company to come to a fair tryal in that matter. They had drank,
by computation, about a Quart and a half before Supper, and at Sup-
per, in about three quarters of an hours time, drank to, and pledg’d
one another in fix Draughts of Madera Wine, drunk out of fix Ca-
labafhes or Cups, holding each a Quart by meafure. The drink-
ing fo hard, and in fo {hort a time, feiz’d this Gentleman all of an
inftant, that his Eyesturn’d in his Head, ftood fix'd, and he began of two
to fink down in his Chair. He was carried out of the Room, and Perfons _
plac’d ina greatarm’d Chair, where he immediately fell into an ex- Genii
traordinary deep Sleep. Nature ftruggling, and making now and quantity
then an effort in the Stomach to difgorge what was unwelcome to it % Wine.
both in quantity and quality, was always checke chrough his faft
Sleep, Ithought I could hear a begun Vomit in the bottom of the
Stomach towards the Oefophagus, but being fo faft afleep, that he
could not give way to it, it was ftopt there, and could get no far-
ther. He waslikewifein danger by his Head hanging in feveral Po-
ftures, whereby in fome the A/pera Arteria might be comprefled, or
the Jugular Veins, that he might be ftrangled. To avoid this [ fet
one ortwo to watch and keep his Head in fuch a pofition as might
hinder thofe Accidents, and forward as much as might be Vomiting,
which Llikewife did by thrufting Feathers as long as{ could get into

(gg) his

AP re mE Ree mre + ee

CXVIll The Introdudtion.

his Throat. This help’d the coming away of a great deal of dif-
colour’d mucous matter, which lying behind might have choak’d
him, unlefs he were help’da little, by keeping his Mouth open with
a great Key thruft becween his Teeth, with the Warcs turn’d upper-
moft, fo that his Mouth could not be quite fill’d with thar Matter.
He foam’d alittle at Mouth, and breath’d very high and uneafily,
wherefore apprehending fome imminent and prefent danger of fome
Apoplectic Diftemper, I had him very largely bled at the Arm,
which very much calm’d all the Symptoms, efpecially thole
threatning his Life every minute. He was narrowly watehd all night.
I would have given him a Purge if he could have got it down, bur
he was fo faft afleep that ic could not be done. He was carried in
a double Sheet, after five or fix hours Sleep, to his Lodgings, and laid
abed, his Head high, and taken great care of left he fhould be
flrangled. Finding him flillin great danger of a Head Difeafe, be-
ing fpeechlefs, not to be awak’d, I gave order that he fhould be
forthwith bled again in the Arm to fome ten or twelve Ounces.
After this he could bring out halfa word, and then by degrees came
to {peak a whole word, than twoor three, and foa Sentence. Then
I gave him fome Pil. Coch. Min about two Scruples diflolv’d in water,
to clear him of his inflam’d.and {well’d Throat, as well as of the
diforders of his Head and Stomach, After this had wrought he was
very fenfible of his efcape, Penitent, and with Tears in his Eyes ex-
prefs'd his concern. He was fcarce yet able to {peak intelligibly, buc
by another Purge next morning, in fome few days he recovered his
Health.

The other, who pledg’d him, had drank lefs by three Pints, and
before he fell afleep had vomiced a very great quantity .of che
Wine he had drank. He flept ti] morning, and continued three et
four days very much fluftered or hot headed, without any further
mifchief... Both thefe Gentlemen died fince in. England, and, as I
have been told, fhortened their Lives by. {uch A@ions, .

Mis. —— aged about Thirty five years, of a yellowith colour,
had been tn an intermitting Fever, for feveral Weeks, which ended
in the Belly-ach, She had a very great pain abour the Region of

of the the Navil, Conftriction of the Belly, high colour’d thick Water,
Belly-ach and frequent pains all over the Body, like thofe of Rheumatic

and Rheu-

mati{m.

People.She had alfo a Naufea or inclination to Vomit,which when for-
warded (which I generally did in this Difeafe) would eafe her fome-
what by emptying the Stomach. She had gone through all Courles
ordered by teveral Phyficians without fuccefs, I had her bled feveral
times, by which fhe found no great relief, neither did fhe by eafie
Purgers, which although they wrought well, and gave fome im-

mediate

The lntroduchion. CXIX

a

mediate eafe, yer they were far from taking away the Diftemper.
She was extraordinary weak, infomuch that I was fore'd to allow
her Cordial vinous Spirits, Sp. C.C and feveral things of that kind,
which by their inflaming qualities feem’d to be very prejudicial to
her, although abfolutely neceflary in refoect of her faintnefs, She
had alfo Emulfions of all forts, and becaule fhe could not Sleep a
great while together, I gave her an eafie Opiat without any tuccels,
I likewile gave her Purgers with Merc. Dulc. and order'd her Cly-
fters of all forts. Her Diet was Broaths of all kinds, Watergruel,
exc. J was told fhe drank much Brandy and ftrong Liquors,
which I was inclinable to believe, becaufe thefe cooling Remedies
did not acall relieve her. [ told her a cooling Regimen was much
the beft, but could noc hinder her drinking {trong Liquors, whereby
fhe continued under her Diflemper feveral months. I was cold
there was fomething Venereal in it, wherefore I gave her fome Mer-
curial Purges, fweated her atnight, and orderd her a Diet-Drink of
Sarfa, China, @c. by which fhe found fome, but not much relief.
She went into the Country after fhe had loft the ufe of her Limbs.
She recovered them in fome meafure, by degrees, with the help of
the Green With, and fome Salves, and came to her perfeét Health.
By this apprehend {he was clear of all Venereal infection, but thac
ftrong Liquors had been the occafion of the long continuance of this
Malady. 7 73

A.Turner belonging to Colonel Nedbam, of about Forty years of —
age, was taken with a great pain about his Navel, he could not
go to Stool, and had a great Nanfea, or {queamifhnels ac his Sto-
mach, which made him) Vomic fometimes a {mall quantity of imu- Of the
cous matter. I gave himfome Pil. Coch. Min.about fiiceen Grains, to genie
try, whether ic would work it down, ic did not foon, wherefore
being in pain he fent for another Phyfician, who gave him a Clyfter,
which did not at all eafe him, He fent co me again the nextday,
I gave him fome four or five Pills made up of abouttivo Scruples of
Pil. Coch. Min, and order'd’ him to drink much Watergruel... It
wrought very well, and he was very much eas’d, but his Difeafe
return’d in a {mall time (as it afually does) and) he was -in >the
fame condition. After fome hard Balls of Excrement or Pellets
had come away by Stoo], with the fame Medicines he was perfectly
cured,

A Tailor of Colonel Nedbams was foon after taken ill after the
fame manner, as were likewife moft of the Indians and Blacks about “ie at :
his Houfe, fome whereof fel] into this Diftemper by drinking Rum. “"2"#°"
Punch, others by other Caufes, 1 found the aforefaid method with
Extr. Rud. Pil. Coch, Min, Jalap, Diagrid, or any Purgers to be very
: ee effectual,

a tae

“exx | Th pa ee a

effe€tual, and Clyfters to be feldom beneficial, except fometimes they
were very ftrong, made of Gourd or Tobacco Leaves. Thefe Cly-
fters are fometimes fo violent as to caufe very great diforders, andto
bring after Convulfions death, which has happened to feveral fo af-
feéted, “Tis very ordinary to have in this Diftemper Relapfes, for
feveral times after one another in fome hours, and ac each return,
after the working of purging Phyfick, there are voided Pellets like
Sheeps Dung, as hard as Stones, after which comes eafe, and then
violent pains, whence a neceffity of taking Phyfick, and then the
like Balls or Pellets again, Opiats in this Diftemper feldom relieve,
and are very hurtful in chat they ftop up the Belly, and give no great
immediate cafe unlefs fometimes when they are mixt with Purgers.
Balfamics are very proper in this Difeafe. I usd cto preventa Re-
lapfe in this Diftemper, to give the Leaves of Sena to about one or
two Drams, to be boild in thin Watergruel, or Chicken Broath,
which keeping the Belly open, they havebeen reliev'd. This word
(che Belly-ach) is given to feveral Difeales, where there are greac
pains in the Abdomen, as Stone, wc. and always tc the Rheumarifm,
and for the moft part this laft is join’d with what one may call the
true Belly-ach. I think the Belly-ach confifts of fuch variery of
Symptoms, that there is no curing of ic but by feveral Medicines
us‘d in a right method, and perfifted in for fome time.
The Turner before-mentioned, in felling a Manfanillo-Tree in the
Woods, fome of the Milk fpurted into his Eye, whereby it was ex-
_ tremely fore and inflam’d, and in a nights time the Eyelids were fo
Of an in- fwell’d and glu'd together by the gumminefs of the Milk, chat he
flam’d Eye zm é ; fi
fromthe could not open them. I order’d him to be immediately bled, gave
Milk of hima ftrong Purge of Extraéium Rud. and order’'d him to wet his
ae cae ~ Eye very often in cold water, keeping a wet brown cold Paper to his
Eyes. When one Paper was hot a frefh cold wet one was put on,
to hinder a defluxion on the Eyes, and to cool and take away the
acrimony of the Humours came that way, and occafion’d great pain,
heat, and reftleffnefs. “Thefe things being done, in three days he
was cured. ?

One fent for me to her Daughter, about Fourteen years of age,
fhe was ftrangely diftorted in her Fingers, and at every joint there
was a white {welling round about it. She had likewife feveral
Ulcers on her Feet, and was fo Lame that fhe was forc’d to ufe
Crutches, and could fcarce ftir with them, I was told by her Mo-
ther, that thefe Difafters had come on her after the Small-pox, fhe

Of the nor being purgd, fhe feem’d likewile to have fome {nuffling in het

Tues Vene-~ 9 .

ee nole. Ic wasthought fhe came into the World, when her Mother
was tainted with fome Species of the Lues Venerca, but her Mother

would

The Introduction, CXXI

~~

would not hear of Fluxing. I gave her about Fifteen Grains of Pil,
Coch, Min. which fhe took every Week twice, and about Fifteen
Drops of Sp. C CG. every intermediate day. I continued this Courfe
for feveral Weeks, only inlieu of Pil. Coch, fhe took fome powdered
Jalap, and by this means, in fome time, fhe by degrees recovered
her Health, and was able to go about her Bufinefs, climb Trees, and
throw away her Crutches. The Tumours on the Fingers, and
Joints fubfiding, fhe grew every where well, except one {mall Sore
in the bottom of her Foot, which was not skin’d. I order’d her for
that Ulcer to be purg’d, and a Decoftum Chine, but no Chirurgeon
taking care of it, neither fhe keeping a good Diet, but eating Pep-
per, ¢zc. fhe grew worfe. In this cafe I left her, neither did I
believe fhe would recover without fluxing, this Difeafe being, as I
thought, a Species of the Lues Vencrea.

Her Mother was very weak, and complain’d to me of great pains,

that fhe could nox Sleep in the night, andcould fcarce walk about.
She was old, very weak and Paralytic. I gave her fome eafie
Purges, and had her bled withouc any relief. She was nor ca-

able of enduring a Flux, for fhe could not be patient. I gave her
fome Ol. Chym. Rorvifmar. fhe found no relief. Tordered her about
fifteen Grains of Jalap, to be taken next morning. I went then to
fee her, andfound fhe had vomited, was in cold Sweats, and fpeech-
lefs. 1 gave her fome Sp. C. C and burnt Wine, but fhe grew Of 2 Sali-
worfe. { would have given her an Opiat, but fhe could not 0"
{wallow it. Notwithftanding fhe recovered, and Spitas if fhe had
been falivated for a great while after. I fufpected, becaufe fhe had
formerly taken the fame Dole of Jalap feveral times without any fach
effects, that either defignedly to do her good, or malicioufly to Poifon
her, her Negro Woman had chang’d the powdered Jalap for fome
Merc. Sublimat. Corrofiy. or tome tuch other violent Medicine. As
bout a month after {he died, but of what, or how, [{ know not.

An Overfeer belonging to Colonel Ryves, aged about forty years,
had been feveral times troubl’d with the Belly-ach, after curing of
which, for fome confiderable time, he was ufually blind. ‘This
blindnefs had now been on him, after this Fic, for fome months, and
he was very much difcolour’d in his Face and Skin, advis‘d him co
Bleed, and next day Purge with Pil. Coch, Min, which he did. 10Of_ blind.

alfo gave him an Eleofacch. Rorifmarin. & Sp.C.C. in great quanti. i Belly

ties thrice a day. He took likewife fome Ol. Succint, defigning by ach,
thele Remedies to remove the Obftruction of the Opticnerve, and
envigorate his Spirits, his Eyes having no outward vifible Dileafe.
Lbliter’d his Neck, and although I continued fome days. ia this

— €nh) courfe,

Seagal LETTE

POE TIE. ee et Stein

CXXII The Introduction.

courfe, yet no fuccels follow’d thefe Medicines. I order’d him to
take about fifty live Millepedes in a Glafs of Water twice aday. He
did this fome days, found his Eyes much ftrengthened, but would
not ftay any longer. I gave him directions when he went into the
Country, but know not what became of him afterwards, I have
feen total blindnefs come many times in the Belly-ach, both in Fa-
maica, on the way thither, and in England. ‘There is no blemifh
to be feen inthe Eye, but it feems the Morbific Matter is tranflated up
to the Head. never faw any but what recovered their fight after.
wards by proper Remedies. Convulfions are likewile ordinary in
this Difeafe, but I think they are mucha worfe fign than blindnefs.

One Flenry, a Negro, Overfeer of Colonel Ballards, much given
to Venery, fell into a blindnefs by degrees, fo that he could fee very
little ac any diftance, nor well near at Hand, Ilook’d very earneftl
on his Eyes, but could not fee any blemifh. I advifed him to be

Of abad very Chaft for fome time, and had himcup’d and {carified in the

fight from

exceflive
Venery.

Shoulders, blifter’d in the Neck feveral times (which I account more
effectual then a Seton becaufe there is a fudden great Evacuation of
ferous Matter in the one, and but a flow and habitual {mall dif-
charge in the other) gave him great quantities of Sp. C.C. and M-
llepedes without any relief. After a great many Weeks perfifting in
this Courfe, and ule of feveral Cephalic Oils, by way of Eleofac-
chara, I gave him an Ele&tuary made of Steel, @c. and order’d him
a Regimen proper for a Steel Courfe. By this in fome time he by
degrees recover'd his Eye-fight, and found them very much flreng-
thened every way. He was fent into the Country to mind the Plan-
tation buafinefs as formerly, whither he went provided with a quan-
tity of his EleGtuary, and I never heard he bad a Relapfe, which in
all likelihood-1 fhould have done ‘had his Diftemper return’d ; for
Planters. give a great deal of Money-for good Servants, both black
and.white, and take great care of them for that Reafon, when they
come to bein danger of being difabled or of Death.

Fluxes and Diarrheas of all kinds, as wellas Dyfenteries or bloody
Fluxes, are at all tinaes here very commonto all manner of People.
As for Fluxes, provided they be moderate and within bounds, I
always avoided {topping them, but rather if I faw chat they went
on eafily, Cum bona agri tolerantid, gave fome innocent Remedy, of

Of Fluxes,fome ealie Medicine to help it forward. This is one of the moft
Diarrbeas, Wfual and Salutary ways Nature disburthens its felfof Morbific Mat-

and Dyfen-

teries.

ter, which otherwife might occafion great Diforders. But if a great
Fever beljoin’d, or it there be fo great an Evacuation that che Perfon
is grown weak, Lusd toorder the Perfon to be immediately bled for

the

The Introduction. CXXiii

—

the Fever .Very often in this, as well as in the Belly-ach, there is an in-
fiammation in the Guts, which occafions a Gangreen if not timely reme-
died. This appears frequently upon the Diflections of difeafed Bodies,
I have not only feen this in Men, Women and Children, but in
Horfes, I! ufed to order Rice to be boil’d in Water for ordinary
Drink, and the Rice eat with Milk, as alfo frequenily to give De-
coftum Album for the ordinary drink of the Patient, or fome Creta al-
bifima, or fine Chalk powdered, and made the fame way into a
Drink as the Hartfhorn Calcin’d in the Decoftum Album is wont to
be us'd. 1 would put to it fome timesBolus Armen. and likewile

ive half an Ounce of thefePowders twice or thrice a day, and
ufually in the Evenings a Bolus of Diafcordium or Ther. Andr. with
an eafie Opiat of liquid or folid Laud. according to the Age of the
Patient. If che Loolenefs continued long, it ufually wafhed away
the Mucus inteftinalis corroded the Guts, and ended ina Dyfentery,
for which I give, after bleeding feveral times, the fame Medicines,
as fora Diarrhea. Ic is very ordinary after eating Shell-fifh, as Con-
ches, Oifters or Crabs, by people thrown on Cayos, Delert Iflands
or Rocks by Shipwrack, and feeding on thefe for their only fufte-
nance, to fall into Fluxesand Loofenefles, greater or lefler according
to the time they have continued on fuch places, I had one under my
care, who had been Shipwrackt fo on fome Cayos on the North fade
of Hifpaniola, going to the great Plate Wreck, whom I could very
{carcely recover with all the aboyefaid methods feveral months per-
fifted in, and with Bees Wax inwardly given. He cook alfo Rhu-
barb in Powder without fuccefs, On taking of the Wax form’d into
Pills ic came away by Stool the fame way that it was taken in,
without much alteration. I faw once in Jamaica in the latter end
of a Phtbifis one Dram of Rhubarb, with five of Terra Sigillata,
fome Confeét. de Hyacinth. and Cinamon-water, do very well when
nothing elfe could ftop a dangerous Diarrhea, but the vertue of it
only continued for fome fmall time. 1 have known in Epidemic
Dylenterics Flower boil’d in Milk, with fome Wax {crap’d into it, do
very great Cures. But by the abovelaid Medicines, fome, or all
of them, [have cur’d hundreds in Jamaica of thefe Diftempers. Pa-
per boil’d in Milk was us’din France, in Diarrbaas infefting the At-
my, with very great fuccefs. ‘This I was aflur'd by an Officer in the

French Army at Toloufe,

Mrs, Efalftead, aged about forty years, of a clear Complexion,
was very much troubled wich flufhings in her Face, and {mall lumps,
which by drinking Water, or cool Drinks, which fhe thought would Of Aue
remedy them,’ fhe grew worle. I order’d herto drink as much*Wine as 251 ‘°

: Face,
ufual, and to be bled, after which fhe was purged with Extr. Ru y ace
ed, alter wal i

CXXiV The Introduétion.

a

Of the
Itch.

and then took an Emulfion of the cold Seeds, with which fhe was
moft violently purged. After bleeding, purging, and the ufe of
{ome eafie Diaphoretics, I gave her a mixture of Allum and Sulph.
Viv. powdered, Thele mix’d and tyd up in a Linnen Cloath, [
ordered her to dip in water, and then to rub on her Face feveral
timesaday, This Medicine being continued for a great while, fhe
was perfectly well of that troublefome Diftemper.

——-— A Laundrey Maid, was troubled very much with the
Pruritus or Itch, it rofe in {mall litcle whales, all over her Body, efpeci-
ally between the Fingers, and was uneafie both by its Itching and
unieemlinefs. 1 bled and purg’d her, ordered her for three mornings
and nights, to take one Dram of Flor.Sulpb. in any Vehicle, and then
to anoint herlelf with Ung. ex Oxylapath. in which powder'd Sulph.

- Viy.is mixt with fome Drops of Chymical Oil of Saffafras, to take

away the {mell. Every night before fhe rub’d, fhe took a lictle
Flor. Sulph. inwardly. With thefe chings fhe was cured.

I found an uneafinels, forenefs, or pain in one of my Toes}
as if a {mall Inflammation or Tumour had been there rais‘d by the —
preflure of fome part of my Shoe. I had a Negro, famous for her
ability in fuch cafes, to look upon it, who told me it was a Chego, She

Of Chegos, (who had been a Queen in her own Country) open’d the Skin with a

and the
Confe-

Pin above the fwelling, and carefully feparated the Tumour from

quences of the Skin, and then pull'd it out, putting into the Cavity whence it

them.

came, fome Tobacco Afhes which were burnt in a Pipe fhe was
{moaking. After a very {mall fmarting it was cured.

This Tumour is accounted of two forts, either poifon’d or not
poifon’d, both are about the bignefs of a {mall Field Pea, being al-
moft round. They have a few Fibres, by which they are faftened
to the Flefhas by a Root. That call’d poifon’d has a black {pot
init, and is accounted worfe than the other tocure. They contain,
within a thick Skin,a great number of {mall Eggs or Nits, white, and
crackling when bruis'd. Thefe are the Spawn of a {mall blackifh
fort of Loufe or Flea, which harbours its felf and lives in Dufty or
unclean places. The Mother, I apprehend, puts and infinuates thefe
Eggs under the Skin of Men and Women, as other Infects do their
Eggs into the Barks or Leaves of Trees. “They infeft the Feet of
moft People under the Nails of the Toes, or any where about the
Heel. If thefe infects be left to themfelves they will Spawn and
multiply in the Feet to great numbers, and bring bad Acccidents,
which I think come rather from the depending of the part chan any
poifonous quality of this Infect or Air.

te

The IntroduGtion. CXXKV

A very neat Lady had one of thefe Bags bred in one of her
Toes, partof ic was by a Black taken out witha Pin, but it feems
not the whole Bag, (asic ought to have been) She complain’d of fome
pain therewith, which by her walking about inflam’d very much.
She fhew’dit me, I advis'd her to keep her Bed, and to drefsic wich
a little Ung. Bafilicum and Precipitate, putting over this Liniment
fome Diapalma Plaifter. By thefe in fome Weeks time the fettering
was gone, and fhe with fimple Ba/ilicumcur'd with keeping her Bed;
or Leg up, for on che leaft hanging down, it would inflame again. —
Although fhe was well in her Toes, yet fhe bad a {welling rofe in
her Knee about the Patella, it was very painful and red, as if
Wind were under the Skin. [I thought, it being a dangerous Place
for an Ulcer, it was beft to Bleed and Purge, thereby to hinder a
defluxion of Humours to the part. This being not my proper bufinefs,

I committed her to the care of a Chirargeon, who applying Poul-
tefles, <rc. to it, it broke and kept running fora long time, after
which it cicatrizid not without great trouble. ii

A little Negro Boy, by leaping offa high place at. Twelve years
of Age, ftraind his Knee, whence came a pufhiag, fof, painful Pu- Of a Swej-
mour, red and large. ‘This béing an ill place tor anfwelling, becaufe ling in cht
of the Patella, ¢7c. and its being a depending party Lb orderd him to: ee
be bled prefently, to be purg’d che nexe day, andotoy keep up: the:
Knee... By another Purge or two hissKnec healed; the Swelling tab!
ling by degrees: without any fign-of an -Apoftem. 90! 9“!

An old Woman of Seventy years of Age, complainedito me fhe:
had not made. water in »a:farenight, sher Belly «was:very much
{well’d. {£ gave her a Dofe of Jalap, by which fhe not only went Of the
to Stool, burmade Water very plentitully. Lorder’d her a Bath of eae
fair Water and Culila, to fit in it lukewarm, She continued well Fal:p upon
forawhile, but then, as [ heard, died, I {uppofe, with Age, and the Serum
weakne(s. The like Operation as-is: above related: have found {e- Pea.
veral times on the giving of falap, and» fometimes [have obferved
a contrary effect, though froma different»Caule, which was, that
it had by great purging to drain’d the Serumifrom the Blood by-Stool,
that none remained ina Day or more, to comeby Uring ) - -

I was call’d to one who made extraordinary complaints of very Of the

— a _ Stone i
great pain. in the bottom of her Belly; fhe could not make water, Smad.

nor had in feveral days. Igave her tome Sal Prunel. and puc herder, cakers
iato 2 Bath of Gdilu and fair Water lukewarm. She vomited, and for the

had all the Symptoms of the Stone in the Bladder, alchough fhe Po!)
Git) took

CXXVI1 The Introduédion.

ey

tock it for the Belly-ach, and call’d ic fo. Her ordinary Phyfician
returning to take care of her, | went no more near her, nor know [
what became of her.

From fome parts of Guinea, as is before related, come Negros
troubled with Worms, they are flat and long, fomething like the
i Lumbricus Terreftris, and lodge amongft and in the mulcular Flefla.
Sa ., ifaw one who had one of thefe Worms ia his Thigh, half an Jach
the mufcu- of the end of it was hanging our, which was flat and blackilh, and
lar Flefh there iffued out a thin Ichor by its fides. I was told thar the only
ot Negroes Remedy for this Diftermper was to draw it out by degrees every day
coming y iy \ y Gegrecs every day
fiom fome fome upon a round piece of Wood, asa piece of Tape ct Ribbond,
sashiatety After they have pulld it all out, they apply a Plaiftertoche part. |
"was affured that if any part of this Worm, which is tender and very
long, and requires great care in the management of it, fhould chance

to break within the Skin, that there follows an incurable Ulcer.

A Negro lufty Fellow, was taken ill of the Yaws, he had not been
long from Guinea, and was all broke out into hard whitifh {wellings,
fome greater, fome leffer, from the bigne{s of a Bean to that of a Pins
) the Head, of which laft fize there were many which appear'd like the

a Glands of the Skin fwell’d and white. When thefe Tumours are large,
they are ufually white at top, from fome of the Cutuula and Hu-
mours dried lying in Scales over it, and fometimes they weep ont an
Ichor. At other times the Ulcers are much larger. They likewile
complain fometimes of great pains in the Bones, and this Fellow,
whom Icur’d, was broke our very much about the Penis, Scrotum,
and Elbows. I flux’d him by Unétion in the Corner of an Out-
Houle,feeding him with as much Watergruel as he could eat or drink.
The Flux proceeding as it ought to do, he was quite clear’d of this
filchy Diftemper, only on his Elbow he had one twelling, not quite
dry, to which I applied calcin’d Vitriol, which made the Scales fall
off, and heal as the reft.

_ This Diftemper is thought to be contagious, and to be communi-
cated from one to another, from Blacks to Whites, and from Parents
to Children, but I cou’d n’t obferve it to be more or lefs contagious than
the Pox. There are few Plancations without feveral of thele Difeas’d
Perfons, who are ufually cur’d as above. Though ’tis commonly
thoughe that Huxing does not cure without Relaple, yer I, by what
Icould obferve, find it does, and do believe the return of this Dif-
eafe comes from their not being thoroughly flux'd by anointing, of
by being kept too warm, or wrong treated afterwards, whence {ome
Remains of it ftaying behind in the Body, thefe Dregs by Degrees
bring the fame Diftemperagain,

~

Ie

ET ANNE gt

namie

The Introduction. CXXVii.

It is commonly thought that this Diftemper is curable without
fluxing by Purgers, but I could never find it 10, or chat there were
What is pretended by many, Negros who underftand by fome Speci-
fic Herbs to root it out. I believe hat Purgers, 7c. may, as inthe
Pox, take away fome of the Symptoms for a while, fo that fometimes
they may not appear in a confiderable time, and afterwards may
fhew themfelves the fame as at firft. Some fores of this Diftemper
feem to me to be the Elephantiafis or true Leprofie of the Antient and
4rabian Phyficians, Others faid to have this Difeafe were plainly
Scrophulous, or had the Kings-Evil ; and moft faid to have it, had
the Lues Venerea. Though this Difeafe is chought to be propagated
by ordinary Converfation, or trampling with the bare Feet on the
Spitcle of thofe affected with it, yet it is moft certain, that ic is
moftly communicated to one another by Copulation, as fome other
contagious Dileafes are.

Several Negros belonging to Mr. Batchelor, had afcer Rain gather’d

Mufhrooms, and eat them plentifully in their Pepper-pots, or (glio’s.
whence they all fell into a vomiting and purging with greac anxiety. Of the bad
They after awhile recover’d,all except one. He had,befides the afore- rt .
faid Symptoms, fuch as are common to a Rheumatilm from in- pooms.
flam’d Blood. His Head was very much affected, having a Vertigo,
exc. on which accounts, as well as the others, he was immediately
bled. [ order’d him a Contemperating cooling Diet, to take off
the Heatand Acrimony of the Blood, as drinking much water, <c.
and ina while, he was perfectly well of his pains as well as Diarrhea,
which had contitiued on him a great while after his eating the Mufh-
rooms, Mackarels faleed, and beat up with Soot and Salc into a
Poultefs applied co the Feet, were ufed inthis cafe, and are reckon’d
to draw very powerfully from the Head. Several Gentlemen, fome

eats before, were all very dangeroufly ill after eating Mulhrooms,
and one died: the Symptoms all {hewing (as I was informed) great

Inflammation of the Blood and inward parts.

Ry ftrons Neovo Woman belonging to Captain Halftead, had Of the Lies

a Liane fenabcal Ulcer on her Waitt. She had likewile /encrea.
one on her Forehead, and pains all over her Body. « She alfo {poke

a little chrough her Nole, and brought thence very oftea fome mu-

cous Matter. I falivated her in the corner of an Out- houfe, by Un-

tion, and defired fhe might be fed with as much Watergruel as {he

could eat. whereby ina Months Time fhe was quite cured. She had

been in the Hands of feveral Phyficians, who did not apprehend this —

to be the Pox, and therefore had in vain given her feveral fores:of

Phyfick, Wellington

ee ee Se ees

CXXVIH The Introduction.

ieee aie eee

Wellington, a Boy of feventeen years of Age, had a Buborole ia
his Groin. Ladvis‘d immediately the ripening of it, as the means to
prelerve him from the Pox, which not being done, he broke out all
over. could not get any to receive him into their Houfe, becaufle
of the Difeafe, nor a Nurfe to look after him, buta Mulatto, who
afrer his Flux was rais'd, neglected him in not giving him fufiicient

Of a Svj. Drink, we. Notwithftanding his Salivation went pretty well on,
vation, af and he was cieard allover. Being neglected by his Nurfe, fome
Fleaey , bocy brought him Tarts, made of unripe Fruit, which heeat. By
Tirricn and this means and coming into the Air, his Flux ftopt in fome meafure,
Quirfic. — ue with care his Salivation returned, andbecame abroad well. He
drank Wine prefently to fuch excels that he made himfeli Mad. A
Tertian Fever, which was very Epidemical, likewife feiz’d him. To
the other Symptoms of this Fever in him,was join’d a {well’d Throat,
which increas‘d to that degree inthis perfon, who had by occafion of
his late Salivation, a difpofition to the Humours coming that way,

that he fell into a Quinfie, and fo died.

Gonorrheas of all forts amongft Men and Women are very com-
mon here, efpecially in Plantations among{t Negroes.. They com-
plain firft of the great heat of their water, ¢7c. and have the fame
Symptoms-as.in Europe. I usd to purge with Merc. Dul. and Pil,
Coch, Min, ee. which took away moft of the Symptoms. If thete
Medicines did.not take place I gave Vomits of Infuf. Croc. Metall,
or-Turpeth, Mineral. which in {ome time never failed the Cure of any,
cither Man or Woman, with the ufe of Emulfions, I never-gave
Adftringents, becaufe there is no certainty. in this method when the
Cure is perfect. Ic is generally believed in Europe, that Gonorrheas
and the Pux, are. with more eale, and fooner, cured in Famaica.and
hot Countries,;:than.in Europes ..1 was of the opinion of the genera-
lity of the ‘Wadd ele en xe Jamaica, but found.as the Difeafe
was propagated there the fame way; and had the, fame Symptoms
and Courle amongft Europeans, Indians and Negroes, So it requir'd
the fame Remedies and time to be cur'd,

OF Gonor-

7
TRLGS.

A black Man, of about forty Years of Age, told me he had great

Ofthe pains about his Navel, fo.that he could not fleep, he was ina cold
Belly-ach. Sweat,, in great pain, and had not been at Stool in four days, I gave
him_ immediately about fifceen Grains of Pil. Coch. Adin. on which he

found fudden relief, for it wrought four ot five times in the night, he
taking it pretty late about fix a Clock arnight. “he next day I gave

him about fix Grains of the fame Pill to prelerve him from a Re-

laple, and in chree or four days obferving that method he was wells
wigan One

o

‘

The Introduchion. CXXiX

Pe

One Mountague, a Shoemaker, aged forty five, complain’d of a Of an op-
great oppreflion at his Stomach. { gave him Infuf. croci Metal. an Picton ac
the Sto-~

Ounce, and Syr. Cariophyll. Q. S. ad gratiam. He took it, it wrought mach,
very well upwards and downwards, and he was cured.

I was fent forto a Servant of about Twenty years of Age. His
Miltrefs had given him a Vomic of an Infuf. Croc. Metal. It had on Pad
wrought himupwards and downwards, till he was feized with f eee
the Cramp, and violent painsin his Hands and Feer. He was in a tion’d by
cold Sweat, and his Pulfe faint. The Miftrefs, for her vindication, in ta
ordered her Servant to fhow me how much fhe had given, who Crocus Me-
pour’d che Infufion out muddy. I perceiv’d the caufe of the Super. *//r#™.
Purgation to come from the Powder, or the fubftance of the Crocus
Metallorum, having been taken inftead of the clear Infufion. I or-
der’d him burnt Wine, and defign’d to have given him an Opiat, but

he was well without it. ‘

Mr. Thomas Rowe, about Forty fave years of age, fent for me in
Feb. 1688. 1 was told he had the Belly-ach. He complain’d very
much of a great oppreffion at his Stomach, and of a load there, he
vomited every thing he took, whether Liquids or Solids, had a pale
yellow look, and the whites of his Eyes were yellow, he had been
fick a month, I concluded it to be the Jaundice in a great meafure, Of an op-
and gave him about fifteen Grains of Pil. Coch. Mim. made into two Peres Si
Pills, to try whether by that means the Stomach might not bé mach and
emptied of its Load, an irritation at the fame time made in che Guts Vomiting.
to folicice the excrements downwards, contrary to that motion in him
from the Stomach upwards, which was preternatural. Immediately
the Pillscameup. I therefore ordered him next morning to have
thin Watergruel ready to work off a Vomit eafily, which according-
ly was done very early, becaufe of the heat. His Vomit was Infu/.
Croc. Metal. Six Drams, Syr. Cariophyl.2.S. ad gratum faporem. This
wrought very well, firft upwards, then downwards, and he found
himfelf very much reliev’d and eas'd. I follow’d the ftroak, and
gave him next morning Fifteen Grains of Pil. Coch. Min. in two Pills,
they wrought him pretty feverely, but he found himfelf reliev'd of
all his Difeafes except weaknefs. I wifh’d him to get this off by
taking an exact care of his Diet, that it were eafie of Digeftion and
pleafant to his Palate, and that he fhould very carefully avoid taking
away any Blood or making ule of Phyfick till further occafion,

Mr, Ridley a Painter, fent for me, he complain’d of great pains
in all his Mufcles and Flefh, he look’d very ill, and was yellow,
(kk) efpectally

XXX The lntrodudtion.

es

ee

eipecially the whites of his Eyes, vomited often, and went feldom
to Stool. He told me he had pains in his Sides, and that he had been
bica rwice for them. I gave him prefencly fome Sal Prunelle about
Of an op- half a Dram ina Glafs of water, he took ir, had a Stool, and was
preffon 2 eas’d of his pains. His inclinations to Vomit continued violent,
mach, and wherefore I gave him the Vomit prefcribed in the laft Obfervation,
lofs of the This immediately relievd him of bis vomiting, and after it had
he

Limbs, wrought well both upwards and downwards, he Joft altogether
the ule of his Hands and Feet, but was very much at eafe. I defir’d
him to take now and then fome Pil. Coch. Min. about Seven Grains in
one Pili, to keep his Body open for fear of a Relapfe, which he did.
He complain’d of fainting Fits, and cold Sweats, efpecially on
ftriving to getupto Stool, I gave him a Cordial to take now and
then a {poonful or two of, when faint or cold. It was made of
Aq. Epidem. font. of each Four Ounces, Syr. Cariophyll. 2. S. ad gra-
tum faporem, He recovered by thefe Medicines his health and ftrength
very well,

I was on the eighteenth of February 1688. in the evening con-
fulted for a Child of a year old. It was breeding Teeth, had fix or
Of Con- feven Convulfions the fame day and had been cup'd. I gave two
eae , Spoonfuls of the following mixture to the Child, and order’d it to
Child. be repeated every fourth hour. Recipe Ol. Succin. Opt. gutt. iv. Sacchar.
alb. Q. S. frat Eleofaccharum. Sp. C. C. gtt. iv. Ganab. gr. iv. aq. font.
uncias quatuor M. left a Bottle of the Spirit of Hartlhorn for the
Child to {mell to, if it had any more Fits, and ordered bliftering in
the Neck. They neglected this, and pretended that the Fits came
fo faft on the Child that it could not be done. On the nineteenth
in the morning they fent for another Phyfician, and about noon the
Child died. The Fathers name was Green.

A Child about Ten years of age was brought to me by the Mo-
Of a Verti- cher which had had for fome days fo great a Vertigo that it could not
&°- goalone for reeling. I immediately ordered it to be bled, to Seven
Ounces, out of any appearing Vein, and the next morning I gave
the Purge following. ‘Recipe Maff. Pil. Coch, Min. gr. 15. f. Pil. ii.
fi deglutire pilulas non poffit diffolve in S.Q. aq. font. ex f. potio. After

this the Child was well.

One I/aac, belonging to the Grawle Plantation, was taken very
ill, he had a Vomiting and Loofenefs, which had been violent on
him for fometime, and had weakned him confiderably. I gave him
fome Liq. Laud. which ftopt the Vomiting, and fome Sp. C. C. to
ftrengthen him; By the ule and repetition of thefe Medicines on

occali-

ee

raat eat

The Introduction. CXXXI

occafion he recover’d very well, but would not be perfuaded to

rife out of Bed, He thoughr himfelf very ill, that he fhotid not

live, buc certainly dye of this Illnefs, his mind beino very much OF one
funk within him, I advis'd the People about him to dear him as who dyed
much as poffible, to eale his mind, and get him up out of Bed. of an ill —
He died being very morofe and {eem’d to have no Diftemper eicalih
on him bur Sullennefs and Melancholy, and though I took much 274 Me-
pains to examine him nicely, I could find no Difeafe, but only ical?
he faid he was fure , fay what I could, that he would not recover.

The Paffions of the Mind, both Hope and Fear, havea very great

influence on the Body.

A Lady about Thirty five years of Age, little, of a Sanguine
Conftitution, the Mother of many Children, ‘at the Bitth of each
of them had fo copious a Flux of the Lochia that it endanger'd her
life. She had about a month of her Reckoning yet to come,
when, without any extraordinary occafion, fhe was taken with
oreat pains, as if {he were to be delivr’d; they were foon follow’d
by a very copious Flux of Blood. I was fent for, and took with Ord
me all manner of Adftringents, as well as Forcers, to endeavour ing. ae
the Birth of the Child, for in fuch a cafe when the Fetus keeps
the capacity of the Uterus diftended, ‘tis impoffible to ftop the
Flux of Blood till the Woman is delivr’'d. Therefore if the flood.
ing be not eafily ftopc, the belt way is to force it away, whereby
the Veffels of the Uterus being corrugated, the Blood by degrees
ftops of its felf. This muft be endeavour’d by all means without
delay, for in the Blood is the Life. Though I haftened all I could
{he was expiring when I came, and had fuffered a very extraordinary
Flux of Blood, was delivered three quarters of an hour before fhe
died, and had been bled fome hours before. Af this dangerous
Diftemper had been timely remedied, by forcing the Child away,
the Mother might in all human probability have been fav’d. It is
ordinary that the MenStru.e Purgationes here, are both lefs in quan-
tity, and continue for a fhorter time than they do in Enrope.

Mrs. Aylmer, aged about Thirty five years, a {pare lean Woman,
giving fuck to one of her Children Thirteen months old, was taken
very il] in an Epidemic Conftitution of an intermitting Fever: The
Paroxifms returned fometimes every day, and at other times every Of an In-
other day. She had gone through feveral Febrifuge Courfes of Vo- comes
mits, Gentian-Reots, Centaury the lefler tops, Carduns Bened. Swear“
ters, 7c. without relief. She complain’d of her feverifhneis and a
pain on the Region of her Spleen, which was fomewhat {well’d.
The Fits of her Fever decreafed upon taking the Cort. Pern. I ad-
| i visd

ree gs tet IS ee ee ee ow nee cae

CXXXxi! The Introduction.

Sow

vis'd her to wean her Child, both on her own, and the Childs ac.
count, fhe being weak, and her Milk perhaps a0* very healihy, bue
fhe would not. I advis'd her to a gentle Vormn, biter Dianghts,
and what I moft relied on, a Steel Courfe, with which fhe reco-
vered perfectly her Health. She was fometime alter taken Ill of a
Quinfie, which by Bleeding and Purging was taken off, the {wel-
ling was not very dangerous, being not fo much in the Throar, -
as Mandibles and Cheeks.

Of a fick- JT oveney, a very fenfible Negro Woman of Colonel Ballards, com-
nels atStC- Blain’d very much of a great illnefs, at and about her Stomach,
"with which fhe was always out of order. I gave her a Vomit of
Inf uf. Croc. Metal. {weetned with Syr. Cariophyll. which working very
well, fhe was cur’d of aj] her Indifpofitions had Jurk’d abouc her tor
feveral years. When tough and phlegmatic humours opprefs the
Stomach, ’tis hard to remove them but by a Vomit. The reafon
is, becaufe the way out of the Stomach by the Oc/ophagus is {hort and
Atraight, by the Guts ic islong, and thefe humours are apt to ftick

in their many turnings and Cells.
_ Sore Eyes, inflam’d, and painful, are very ordinary here. 1 was
always the more fearful of an inflammation of the Eyes, in that [
have obferv’d moft Difeafes of the Eyes, and even fometimes a
Of Inflam. Cataract to begin with an Inflammation there. I therefore imme-
mation, diately order’d fuch perfons to be bled, and purg’d fo often as feem’d
and other —requilite, which with bliftering in the Neck feldom mils‘d to cure
the Eyes, any of them, unlefs che diftemper came by much Venery, which
was not to be cur’d any other way but by thefe Medicines and Ab-
ftinence from it. I ufed outwardly to drop into the Eyes a little
Rofe-water, into which is put the fubtile powder of Lapis Cala-
minaris, (7 Tutia, “Thele Powders are made fine by mixing them
with Rofe- water, and-lerting the grofs powder fubfide, the fine and
impalpable remaining in the Body of the water. Whites of Eggs
beat up with Alum is good applied outwardly, fo is Lime-juice
and water. But a Mucilage of P/yllium-Seeds, Quince-Seeds, Saffron,
and Lin-Seed, is much more Anodine in hurts than any other.
Any Powder in fuch a cafe grates the tender Eye, is very painful,
aud increafes the Inflammation. Whites of Eggs ftick fo faft to
the Eyelids, that the force ufed in pulling them off fometimes in-
jures the Eye.

Of 2 Terti-

au with A Black Boy of Jobn Youngs, about twelve years of Age, was
Worms, very ill of an Epidemic Tertian, there was very little intermiffion.
he Corte. 1 gave him the Cortex Peruv. as ulually. He voided a great quan-

Pew. tity of Worms by Stool, and was perfectly cured.
Mrs, Bai-

The Introduction. CXXXill

a ce : — mm ee

A young Gentlewoman,about Twelve years of Age,had for feveral
months a few Puftles broke out on the hairy Scalp, they were red,
and when dry‘d curn‘d into {mall Scabs or Scurf. I thought ic was
beft to Cure them cautioufly, and had her firft bled to about Six
Ounces, She was the next day purg’d with Jalap in Chocolate, and Of a feab-
afterwards took for fome Weeks Flos Sulph. in the morning and (2 y7q.
evening, drinking afcer ic agood draught of Diet Drink. 1 thought Head.
it fafe after thefe Medicines to anoint the eruptions with Ung, ex
Oxylapath, made thick with Flos Sulph. There was drop’d fome Oil
of Rhodium into it, to take off the ill fmell. This Ointment was
rub’d firft all over the Head, then on any place where any fpot ap-
peard, obferving theeruptions carefully for a while. She was per-

tectly cured.

I was defir’d to look on a Servant of Mrs. Copes, he had been very Of a great
weary, and by advice of fome ignorant Perfon wafh’d his Feet and i
Legs in a Decottion of Phyfick-Nut-Tree-Leaves, whereby the Legs and
whole Feec and Legs were raisd into inflam’d Blifters, fome of Bae PY
which were turn’d into fuperficial Ulcers. L advisd che voiding the them ae.
hot Serum by clipping open the Bladders, applying fome Bafilicum, Degen
and at the fame time to Purge with Jalap feveral times. “To hinder Neel
the Defluxion of Humours into the parc, I advifed keeping of it Leaves.
up, for which purpofe lying in Hfamaca is very effectual, He was

cured.

A Gentleman, aged about Forty years, had been very much given
to Venery and Drinking. His Face was yellowifh, his Belly very
much {weli’d, he could not fleep nor make water, had no Stomach,
and complain’d of great uneafinels, efpecially in his Back. ! purgd
him with Jalap, which was too weak, | therefore gave him lome Of a
Diagridium about Iwo Scruples, which wrought very plenufully, bur Droplic.
did no good, his Belly continuing as much {well'd asever. He took
all manner of Clyfters and Diuretics, but without any fuccefs, I was
for perfifting in purging Medicines, and after the watery humours
had been voided, [ had refolved to have given him Steel Medicines,
not forgetting bitter Stomachics and Exercile. He was perluaded
out of this method to take Steel, and fome Alterative 4rcana’s, which
ftopt up his Belly, fo that in a great many days he had not been at
Stool norilept. 1 gave him in thele Circumftances a Dole of Jalap
and Diagridium mixt, which wrought very well, and at night a very
eafie Opiat, with which he flept very well. He was periuaded to
alter my Medicines, and cook a ftrong Opiat, as I believe, tor he

came to Town dos’d, had flept all the way, and could fcarce be
C1l) awak’d

OO

CXXXIV The Introdudtion.

awak’d till he died. I had him bliftered, gave him ftrong Purgers,
held irritating Medicines to his Nofe, ¢xc. and did all things] could
think of to raife him out of his Sleep, but to no purpofe.

Intermitting Fevers of all kinds, were very Epidemic all over the
Iland when I was there, fo that the third part of Mankind were
taken ill of them, from Children at the Breaft to old aged People.
They were generally very violent, fo that idle talking, light-headed-
nefs, (c. were ordinary, and they very feldom yielded to any of
the common febrifuges, but generally grew worfe on the ule of
them, and lafted a very great while. In thefe Fevers if the Per-
fon died not by the violence of the Fever, but recovered, they
were often very much difcolour’d, fallow, Cachectic, and ufually
had f{wellings in the left Sides, called Ague Cakes, which were
very painful, and in time kill’d them. Ac other times a Dropfte
follow’d, which rarely mifs’d, buc certainly brought death. Thefe
intermitting Fevers, and drinking extravagancly, I look on to be
the reafon of Dropfies being fo common here, I us‘d, if fent for
in the Fit, to give fome Medicine forwarding the motion of Nature,
as if 1 found the Patient Vomiting, I would help ic forward, by
warm water, a Feather, dc. if hot and thirfty, I fuffer’d him to
drink cool Drinks as much as he pleas‘d, and if I found the Fit going

Of inter- off by Sweat, I gave fome Sp. C. C.. in Decoéto Salvia vel rorifmarini,
pitting to forward that. If the Fever affeted the Head very much, I gave
' order for Bleeding, Blifters, Cupping, ec. So foon as the Fit was
over, I immediately gave the Cortex Pern. in powder about one
Dram every four hours in a Glafs of water, till they had caken Two
Ounces of ict. If there was fufficient time in the day before the nexe
return to give Six Drams of the Bark, then I troubled them not in
the night, butif the Symptoms were.dangerous,. and little intermif-
fion, | order'd it to be given as well in the night as in the day. [If iz
purg'd violently Igave it ina Bolus with Confery, Rof. into which
was dropt a very litcle quantity of Laudanum to take of its purging
quality, which infringes in fome meafure its vertue. If it purg’d
only the firft or fecond Dofe eafily, there was no need of any thing
for very often afterwards it would bind up the Belly. According tO.

the prefent Circumftances of the Confticution of a Man, or Seafon

of the Year, it purges or purges not with him. I advifed Chil-
dren fhould take it in Chocolate well fweetned. Sometimes |
gave it in Pills made up with Gum Tragacanth. Mucilage. The
belt and eafieft way of giving it is in fair water {weetned with Syr,
Cariopbyll. and aromatizd with Cinamon water. | ufually after

the Fit was off begun to give it them, or {o foon as they found
themfelves a little eafie, It I found the cafe urgent | gave it at any

time

pe ae ——

cn ie PR A II A

The lntroduchion.

CXXXV

time in the incermiflion, and although fome times I have obferv’d on
giving it about four hours before the Fit, that the Fever came more
violently on the Patient than before, yet I never could find the
giving of ic then dangerous. This I was firft tanght by giving ic
accidentally to one whofe Fit anticipated its time, or came fooner
than he expected, coming from a Tertian to a double Tertian or
Quotidian. Several Chymifts and Apothecaries in Augland and France
pretend to an Extract or TinCture of this Bark of equal vertue with
it, which becaufe of the unpleafant taft of the Powder, in fub-
fiance were very valuable, but on giving both Tincture and Extract
in the Dofes prefcribed, they are found far lefs effectual than the
bark in fubftance. Although where the Powder in fubftance cannot
be taken, thefe are the next beft Remedies, yet they are not tobe
depended upon. Tis moft certain that the Scomach and Guts, with
their juices, furpafs all Artificial Veflels and Men/irunms in Extracting
what is beneficial from this Simple, and that no Art is able to make
fo effeétual a Medicine out of it, asthe Bark its felf, as ic happens
in many other cafes, ‘This Powder, when I went to Jamaica, was
in very great difrepute here, infomuch thac it was charg’d withthe
death of feveral People, whereas the ignorant way of giving ic was the
caufe of its difgrace. The Inhabitants ufed to Purge after it to
take away the Relicks of the Powder, which never mifles bringing a
Relapfe. They likewile faild in not giving fo great a quantity as was
{ufficient, or as it ought to be given. They ufed only juft before the
coming on of the Fit, to give fo much as might prevent it, with-
out any farther regard to the Fever. Avoiding thefe Rocks, wich
the bleffing of God I never mift the cure of Quotidian, Tertian, or
Quartan, in whatever Age or Sex, and-although I have given it to mae
ny hundreds, yet I never knew any bad confequence on its ule, which
with juftice I could afcribe to it, but always a periet recovery.
Indeed it will aot cure all Difeafes, neither will it touch upon a con.
tinual Fever, but in this laft, I chink, it any prejudice arile to the
Patient by it, “tis only chae it muft be caken in large quanuties, and
hinder perhaps che taking of more proper Remedies. It very often
works by infenfible Perfpiration, and fometimes by Sweat, the
Patient having a breathing, and fometimes more copious Sweat
every night after caking it. Intermicting Fevers here, are call'd Fe-
vers and Agues. A Phyfician who had practis'd many years in Bar-
bados, told me there was no fuch Diftemper there, and chat from che
Leeward (lands (where it was common) they came thither, and were
curd by that Air. The caufe of the great frequency of the Agues
in Jamaica, at fome times of the years, are the Rains which fall fo
violently, and continue fo long as that the low Plains are for fome
time covered wich water. Hither Aquatic Birds, and thofe ieee

eee See. = 86 Wadere

——

) CXXXVI1 ~The Introduction.

Of the
Belly-ach,
and inter-
mitting
Fevers.

Of an
-Afthma,
and inter-
mitting
Fever.

Of the
fame.

come inthe Hundreds of Effex, and orher fenny and marfhy Coun-
tries of Erigland. ‘Thefe ficuations are coveted, becaule in the Neigh-
bourhood of fuch Marfhes generally the Lands are very Fertile, (uch
waters inriching the Soil very much. It is very commen for this
Diftemper, when Epidemic, to have all other Difeafes run into ir,
as you may {ee by the following inftances.

Captain 8. agedabout Thirty years, Sanguine in his Conftitution,
his Stomach being out of order, whereby he eat little, was taken
very ill with all che Symptoms of the Belly-ach, viz great pains
about his Navel, Vomiting, chick muddy Urin, ¢c. He had given him
Purgers of all forts, Clyfters,¢xc. by which he wasreliev'd. He had
a Relapfe again in a while, as ufual in this Diftemper. He had
fome eafie Opiats, ec. buc thefe Medicines, and whatever elfe he
took, though fomecimes alleviating the Diftemper, yet rooted it
not out all { obferv’dic had form/d its felf into a Tertian then reign-
ing. This Fever run very high, affecting his Head very much, but

by the Cortex Peru, given him as it ought to be, came to be very
well.

The Lady Watfon, aged about Fifty years, very fat, was taken ill
of a great Cold, fhe was fomewhat feverifh, and had a very great
wheezing Cough, and difficulty of breathing. Her Fever increafing
with her wheefing, I had her bled, made her ingredients of Amber,
Rofemary, Betony and Sage, to fmoke as Tobacco istaken, wich
which fhe found fome relief at prefent. I likewile gave her a Bolus
of a {mall quantity of Laud, Lond. in a little Theriac. Andy. by which
fhe was relievd. Norwithftanding thefe Remedies fhe had very
great and dangerous returns of ic, wherein I repeated the fame Me-
dicines, and gave her fome Diet-Drink, or Decoé#. ex Lign.erc. All
thefe avail’d nor, till 1 obferv’d the Difeafe had form’d irs felf

into a Tertian, when by the giving of the Cortex fhe was perfectly
curd.

Sir Francis Wat/on, aged Fifty five years, had been for many years
troubled with wheefing and an Afthma. He had ic not in England,
and in Jamaiea ulually flept in 2 Alamaca, wherein he was {wung ia
the evening for fome hours, and then rofe wheefing. He drank
Wine for it very liberally, which ufually gave a pretent relief, but
he was reftlefs, and hot all night atcer, with bis Tongue furr’d in
the morning, had no Stomach to eat, and was very dry. i gave
him an eafie Vomit, and afterwards a bicter Wine, and advis’d him
againft fleeping in the Hlamaca ; and drinking Wine, but he would

continue

The Introduction. CXXXVII

oe

~~.

continue them. J gave him frequently Bolus’s with Ther. Andr. anda
Jittle Laud. but they dos’d him too much, although they cur’d him
always when ill of a cold. At Port-Royal, on drinking hard he fell
very ill of a great Cold and Fever, which although I endeavour'd,
by all means I could chink of, to remedy, he being dangeroufly ill,
yetI could not, till I found it form its felf into a Quartane, when
giving him the Cortex, he recover'd tatirely. —_

For his Aftima the beft Remedy I found was a Diet Drink of
China, Sarfa, ¢7c. made frefh every night, and continued for three or
four months, every day, by which I chought him extremely reliev’d.

It very often falls out in intermitting Fevers,that Curing the time of
the Fits or Paroxyfms, there will happen very dangevous Symptoms
as Deliria, Convulfions, Afthmas, ec. according to the Conttituti-
on of the Perfon or year. I have obterv’d all of them if, they return
periodically to be curd by the Bark, notwithftanding the foolifh
opinions of fome who pretend that thac Remedy locks up or binds
the humours in che Blood, Head or Breaft. That Opinion has been
the caufe of the Death of many Perlons, deterring Phyficians from
giving What yas proper.

One Cornwall’s Daughter, about Twenty five years of age, giving Of one
fuck, was taken very ili of an intermitting Fever. I advis'd herto 80,8
wean her Child, or get another Nurfe, fhe would do neither, nor was ‘taken
would fhe take any effectual Medicines her felf. ‘The Feyer by neg. With anin-
lect lurke about her a long time before the was well. The Child yever a2}
then grew very dangeroufly ill, but by the help of pulvis de gutteta, a effets
given frequently, the Child recovered. . on the

hild,

A Lufty Woman was taken with an intermitting Fever, and all
the Sympioms of a beginning Confumpiion, as a very violent Or an in-
Cough and Loolenels, Atrophie,@rc. | gave her fome Creta made hover wat
into a white Drink like Decoét. Alb. and Laudanum for the Loofe- a Cough,
nefs, I gave her the Cortex Peru. for the Fever and Ague, which fhe soonenels,
had every night. The Fever being by this Remedy taken off, thejng |

other Symptoms, which feemed dangerous, prefently vanifhed.

A Servant of Mr. Fletchers was very ill with all the Symptoms of
a beginning Confumption. He had Exacerbations and intermiffi- OF the
ons, for which reafon I gave him the Cortex, whereby the Fever be. !ume-
ing taken off, the other Symptoms left him. . .

[t is very ordinary towards the latcerend of a Con‘umption for
the Patient in the evening to be cold, fhiver and quake, as one in

the beginning of the Paroxy/me of an intermitting Fever, which ne-
(mm) verthelels

“CXXXVili The Lntroduchion.

verthelefs goes on till death, notwithftanding the giving the Cortex.
ot any other Remedies. This | have feen happenin many, in fevera]
parts of the World,

Mr. Nich. Philpot, aged about Forty five years, living at Rio d’

Oro above Sixteen Mile- Walk towards the North fide, in the time

of Rainsinthe North parts, and a North Wind withal, was taken

very ill of agreat Afthma. He could not fleep lying, but ina Chair

fitting ftraight up, and even very little this way, having a very

Of an great wheeling and tickling Cough. Confidering it threatned his
Afthma. Fe every minute, he was brought to Town, and committed to my
care. Lorder'd him immediately to be bled to Ten Ounces, and

a bliftering Plaifter to be putto his Neck. { gave hima Bolus where-

in there was a {mall Dole of Laud.Lond. By the help of this he flepc in

a more declining Pofture, and eafier than before, 1 gave him in the
morning fome Balf. Sulph, and fome Sp. C.C. Ol. Tereb. or Opobalf.
changing chefe Medicines now and then one for anotier, He fell

ill again, I repeated whatI had done, and after the violence of the

Difeafe was oyer, I gave him a Decoétum ex lignis, by which he was

cured,

Of the ~ Mrs. Thoroughgood was taken ill after the fame manner of this
fame, Orthopnea. bled her, and gave her Diet-Drink, and fhe was well.

One Barret, of about Twenty years of age, thin, and of a
fwarthy Complexion, complain’d to me of fainting Fits, and a great

Of Hypo- many indifpofitions afflicted him. I took them all to be Fy pochon-
Sen driacal, and order’d him a Steel Courfe for them, which fo {oon as
choly, it took place entirely cured him. It is not very ordinary (though it
fometimes happens) to,find labouring Men troubled with this Di-

ftemper as this. Patient was, who. was. very diligent, and wrought

hard about a Pen of Cattle; and {mall Plantation he had fome few

- Miles out of Town. He had taken feveral Medicines and Courfes
before, amongft the reft Steel, which not being given as ic ought to

be, had no ways reliev'd him. I fuppofe it had been given with
Purgers,

Mr. Molines, aged about Twenty fix years, of a Sanguine Com-
plexion, and Plethoric Body, fent for me on March 18. 1688. He
we was on board a Ship bound for England, and could {carce {peak
or breath, he had been fick for two days, complaining extreamly of

Of aPleu-4 great pain in his Shoulder, or rather infide of the Picura an{wering
rifie. that part, which increas’d on breathing high, fighing or coughing.
He had likewife a fhore Cough. It was taken by all tor Sea-ficknets,

but

The Introdudion, CXXKXIX

—

but I told them I thought they were deceived. I forthwith ordered
him to be bled in the Arm to about Ten Ounces, and gave him a
Linétus of Sugar-Candy and Oil, and a Pectoral Decodtion of Barly,
Liquorifh, Raifins, zc. He immediately found himfelf much bet-
ter. I ordered him to continue this, and to take of Crabs-E yes;
and Sal Prunelle, of each half a Dram, and to fwallow morning
and evening the half on’t, drinking afterwards a Pectoral Draught,
and in cafe of a Relapfe I ordered him to be bled: The Ship Chi-
surgeon, contrary to my defire, gave him a Vomit, ‘‘he_himfelf
knowing nothing of it tillic was down. I was fent for after ic had
wrought five or fix times upwards and downwards, and found him
in very great anxieties, with a {mall Pulfe, Cramps of Convulfions,
cold Sweat, cold Hands, Arms, Feet and Legs. I gave him pre-
fently fome 44. CGinam. with Syr. Cariophyll. Some Fifteen drops of
Sp. CC oraer'd him to fmell to it, gave him fome burnt Wine,
and about half a Grain of -—Laadanum, after which he was much bet-
ter, hada {mall quiet Sleep, and in fome hours time feem’d much
reliev'd. His pains afterwards returned, chough not fo vivient as
at firft. I bled him twice on two feveral days, and with Decoctum
hordet, Sugar-Candy and Sallet-Oil beat up together, he was cured.
A while atter he {pit up very much purulent matter, bur an eafie
Opiat, and thefe Remedies perfected the cure,

Oneaged about fixty years, in the Dog-days had been.fo-much
troubled with faintnefs, ‘as even feveral-tisaes-to fall into Syncopess
I advis’d him to ftir as little as poflible, to eat good Gelly-
broths, and to take about Ten drops of Sp. CC every morning
and evening in a Glafs of fait” Water, “by which means he grew OF a: Les
ftronger every day, and efcap’d thofe Fits he had been troubled 3 taro
withal. To take away his faintnefs, he had preicribed, as I ap- piediic Di-

rehend, too much Wine and {pirituous Liquors, which may give pootper

prefent relief, but in the end deftroy. He having us‘d this too much much
in the evenings, appear’d for the moft part fomewhac fluftred. On Wine ps
March 22. 1688. he fell into a Lethargic Diltemper. 4 fuppotes ir
the vinous Liquors, by liccle and little, had made fo whany actempts.
on his Brain, chat at laft ic was overcome, ., He calk’d incoherently,
when ask’d a Queftion would anfwer, though not able to {peak
many words, his Pulfe was quick and low, and his under Lip had
convulfive motions. I ordered him to be bled to Six Ounces, that
blifteting :Plaifters fhould be applied to che nape of his Neck and
Wrifts, thac he fhould be cupt on the Shoulders, that he fhould
have Fifteen drops of Sp. CC given him, and that if his Senfes
were not very well awaked with thefe methods, but his pepe
increafed on him he fhould have fome Snuff made of Whe ‘ict

| cxl The Introduction.

—

lebore put up his Nofe. He fell foon into foaming at Mouth, and
immediately died in Convulfions.

AGentlewoman, aged about Fifty years, complained to me ex-

treamly of the Belly-ach, fhe had pains about the Region of the

Of the Navel, andall over her Limbs and Body, and had been with all the
Belly-ach. Phyficians of the Ifland. She had the ufe of neither Hands nor Feet,
although her Pulfe went very well, and was ftrong. I gove her

fome Emulfions of the cold Seeds, and weuld have had her bled

but fhe was fo affraid of it fhe durft not, and would nor take any

thing elfe. She recovered of that Fic, bur fell ill afterwards much

after the fame manner. I gave her as occafion required fome Pil.

Coch, Min. to Fifteen Grains co give her a Stool, which kepz her Body

open. I had her bled feveral times, and defit'd fhe would altoge-

ther abftain from Wine. ‘This laft I infifted much upon, and gave

her much water to drink with Steel, but neicher ic nor any thing elfe

did fucceed. [attributed this Difeafe to Wine, Punch, and Vinous

Liquors, but fhe would notabitain, alledging that her Stomach was
cold, and needed fomething to warm it.

One Evans, very big with Child, about Eight Months, was taken
with great pains in her Belly and Loins, as it ready to bring forth.
Of danger She had likewife great pains in her Body all over. I advis'd her
ei oat forthwith to be bled, co hinder Abortion, and to affwage her pains,
- prefcrib’d here a contemperating cooling Courfe, as is ulual in Rhu-
matifms, and defir’d her to-abftain from Flefh and Vinous Liquors
for fome time, with which in a few days fhe was well. | ordei’d
her tokeep her Bed, or be very quiet ull ic fheuld pleafe God fhe
were deliverd, fhe being extraordinary big, which fhe did, and
was fafely delivered. at the-due time. - She had about a year before
been delivered of three Children at one Birth.

One aged about Thirty five years, concluded her felf for fome
Of one me to be with Child. She found her felf in much pain, and af-
who fup- ter a Fluxus Menfium, which continued on her fomewhat violent,

poe ee feveral Phyficians were confulted, who advifed her to Troehifci de

wit Myrrba, and other very forcing Medicines, and continu’d their ufe
She for fome time, although fhe had her Catamenia in due time. I was
not, conlulted, and advifed her to take the bitter Wine for her Stomach,

that being very much out of order, not to take any other Medicine,
5 : ¥

but patiently to expect the event, fhe did fo, and found in fome
time that fhe was better, not with Child, and pretty well,

Colonel]

exli

The Introduction.

Colonel Fuller, aged about Forty five years, very mich troubled
with the Gout, on taking a Dofe of Jalap in Powder, which wrought
copioufly, fell into a Naufea, or great inclination to Vomit, and intoor 4
a Loofenefs. He was troubled with this endeavour to Vomit chiefly Squeam- _
after Meat. Ithought the beft Remedy was to give him fome Elixir eeae
Proprietatis, by that means to remedy his Stomach, and at the fame after
time by making an eafie irritation downwards to ftop the motion t#king Ja-
to vomit after Meals. This in fome time took place, and he was a
well. Once in a violent Fit of the Gout he was taken ill of a
Loofenefs, in which I ordered him to take fome eafie Opiats, and he
was cured.

Cena

One Hercules, a lufty Black Negro Overfeer, atid Doétor, was Of a Negro
not only famous amongft the Blacks in his Mafter Colonel Ful- Door fa-
ler’s Plantation, but amongft the Whites in the Neighborhood, for Peet
curing feveral Difeafes, and particularly Gonorrheas. He had been norrheas,
three years before ttoubled with that Diftemper, which he thought aie ic
by the Country Simples he had cur’d, but came tome, complain- being able
ing of a very great heat in making water with intolerable pain, and by Speci-
{calding. Looking upon the pare affected, I found he had neglected 2, "he"
his Clap, and that Caruncles had grown up and ftopt:almoft quite feafe, that
the paflage of Urin or Urethra, wherefore Nature had by a Tumour Ee at of i
and Apoftemation made a paflage for the Urin in Peringo. This paf- hemfelf |
fage had callous Lips. J order’d him fome: Mercurial Medicines, and
would have try’d feveral other Remedies for his Cure, hadI not foon
after leftche Hland. There are many fuch Indian and Black Doétors,
who pretend, and are {uppofed to underftand, and cure feveral Di-
ftempers, but by what } could fee by their practice, (which becaufe
of the great effects of the Jefuics Bark, found out by them, I look’d
into as much as I could) they donot perform what they pretend, un-
le(s in the vertues of fome few Simples.. Their ignorance of Ana-
tomy, Difeafes, Method, ezc. renders even that knowledge of the

vertues of Herbs, not only ufelefs, but even fometimes hurtful to
thofe who imploy them.

Emanuel, a lufty Negro Footman, was ordered over night to get oy = Negré
himfelf ready againft next morning to be a Guide on Foot for about abe
an hundred Miles through Woods, to a place of the Ifland, to feize a great
Pirats, who, asthe Duke of Albemarle was informed, had there un- Sicknefs,
laded great quantities of Silver, to Careen their Ship. About Twelve
a Clock in the night he pretended himfelf to be extraordinary fick;
he lay ftraight along, would not {peak, and diffembled himfelf in
a great Agony, by groaning, éc. His Pulfe beac well, neither had
he any foaming at Mouth, or difficulry in breathing. The Euro-

(nn) peans

-extlii The Introdudtion.

——-

Of the
{ame.

Of the
fame.

peans who ftood by thoughr him dead, Blacks thought him be-
witch’d, and others were of opinion that he was poytond. I ex-
amin’d matters as nicely as I could, concluded that this was a new
ftrange Difeafe, fuch as I had never feen, or was not mention’d by
any Author I had read, or that he Counterteited it. Being confirm’d
that ic was this latter, and that he could {peak very well it hepleas’d,
to frighten him out of it, I told the Standers by, that in fucha de-
{perate condition as this “twas ufual to apply a Frying-Pan with
burning Coals to the ¢rown of the Head, in order to awake them
throughly, and todraw from the Head, and that it was likewife an
otdinary method to put Candles lighted to their Hands and Feet, that
when the flame came to burn them they might beawaked. I fene
two feveral People in all: haft to get ready thefe things, in the
mean time leaving him, that he might have time to confider and
recover out of this fit of Diffimulation, which in a quarter of an hour
he did, fo, that he cametofpeak. I queftion’d him about his pain,
he told me’cwas very great in his Back. I told him in fhort that
he was,aDiflembler, -bid him. go and do his bufinefs without any
more ado, or elfe he fhould: have due Correction, which was the
beft Remedy I.knew for him, ‘he went) about his Errand imme-
nich and perform’d ic well; though he came too late for the
irats. 3 ; ipa

Iwas call’d to a Carpenter, alufty Rogue, who pretended him-
felf fick of the Belly-ach, he had got a Blanket about his middle,
and made wry Faces, bemoaning himfelf very much. He told me,
upon examining of him, that he went to Stool very well ever
day, and did not Vomit, ¢c. I told him that I believ’d he diffembled,
and that if-he were-.well chaftis'd, ic would be his beft Cure, he
Keen ha to be of that-mind; | but ivery-foon xecover'd without any

1y.Lick.. POR: AR CA Se YEO

_ "Tis very ordinary for Servants, both; Whices:and Blacks, to pre-
tend, or diffemble ficknefs of feveral forts, but they are very eafily
with attention found out by Phyficians, who are ufed to converie
with Difeafes, for the Symptoms do not anfwer one another, and
they may, by proper queftions be difcovered as Forgeries, Perju-
ries, or Lyes. In people who pretend ficknefs, and have none. [
usd, in order to be rid of them, (they never growing betrer,) to

order harfh, yet innocent Remedies, as bliftering, taking bitter Me-

dicines, ve, “Thus Ij ufed.to be free’d- of their trouble, Sometimes
they pretend to have aCough, but that is eafie to be fen, if feigned,

by a more leifurely great: infpiration than thofe real! ch
that Difeae can admit of, | y cake

In

anaes

Pe ae

The. Introduction. | cxliii

—— a

In cale Women, whom I fufpected to be with Child, pretended
themfelves ill, coming in the name of others, fometimes bringin
cheir own water, diffembling pains in their Heads, Sides, Obftru-
ctions, ~c. thereby cunningly, as they think, defigning to make the
Phyfician caufe Abortion by the Medicines he may order for their
Cure. In fuch a cafel ufed either to put them off with no Medi-
cines at all, telling them Nature in time might relieve them with-
out Remedies, or I put them off with Medicines that will fignifie
nothing either one way or other, till I be further fatisfied about their Of the
Malady. “Tis a very hard matter fora Phyfician in thele cafes to one We
certain, but after taking what care he can to inform himfelf, he muftdicines
ule his difcretion, If Women knew how dangerous a thing it is toWRich |
caufe Abortion, they would never attempt it on any account what+borrion,
ever. I know but one cafe beforementioned, which is flooding,
wherein ‘tis neceflary, and then ‘tis beft done by the Hand. One
may as eafily expect to fhake off unripe Fruit froma Tree, withouc
injury or violence to the Tree, as endeavour to procure Abortion
without danger to the Mother; This is a moft certain truth, and
I have feen it confirm’d by the fad experience of fuch, who, upon
political confiderations, to avoid fcandal, having too many Chil-
dren, or the like, had endeavoured, without effeét, to procure
Abortion, and inftead thereof had brought themfelves near their
ends. ede | uae

One Booker, 2 Woman of about Thirty five years of Age, was
taken very ill wich a malignant Fever, fhe had been bliftered, and
treated after the Cordial way, that is, by giving her great quantities ofOf a dan-
Diafcordium, Ther. Andr. and other Diaphoretics, fhe was kept hor, 827088 Fe
and not fuffered to drink any thing that was cool. I gave her fomepy a cool
eafie Medicines, as a very little Confeétio Alkermes, order’d her a cool- Regimen;
ing method, to drink as much cool Drinks as fhe pleas'd, and by
them fhe was well. }

Her Husband wasill at the fame time of a violent Vomiting and
Loofenefs, which had been on him for many days, by drinking to
a very great heighth in Canary. He was very much weakned, dry, Of Vomir.
and troubled chiefly with the Vomiting. I gave him, confider-ins and
ing his weaknefs, fome drops of Land. Liq. and fome other things fom ex-
of that nature, to ftop both: Evacuations, but he being fometimes ceflive |
morofe and ill-nacur’'d, and at other times Phrenetic, and fo NOt OF Cansy.
taking his Medicines as he ought, and withal, his Stomach being
fo mightily diforder’d chat nothing could ftay there, in fome time
he died.

John

| cxliv The Introduction.

—

Fohn Parker, about Thirty five years of age, a lufty full-blooded

Fellow, was much given to drink, He had been taken ill’ of the

Epidemic continual Fever, reigning at firft when I came to the

Ifland, and recovered, as others out of it, of which before. Soon

Of a Me- after he committed a great debauch in Rum Punch, after it lying

ee efi,e onacold Marble Floor. He fell from thefe caufes into a Mania,

drinking fo that he was obferv'd to {peak and act very incoherently, and to

a Rum- get up in the night, ec, His rage increasd to a very higly degree,

nach ‘and he died in a very few days, notwithftanding all the methods
ufually followed in thefe cafes.

Roger Flower, 2 Baker, a ftrong Man, of about Forty five years
of age, of a Sanguine Complexion, and Plethoric, was much given
to drink Sengury, or Wine, Sugar andWater in the morning early,
continuing tll night, thereby endeavouring, as he thouht, to quench
his thirft, and relieve his Spirits. He was taken very ill of a Cho-

OF @ Cho [era Morbus, in which his vomitings were very violent. After a fuffi-

from the cient Evacuation by Vomit and Stool, help’d on by thin Water.

famecaufe. gruel, and Chicken-Broath, I endeavour'd to ftop them with Lauda-
num, When I thought his Stomach and Guts fufficiently wafh’d. This
reliev'd for fome {mall time, as i¢ never miffed the Cure of many
others fo Difeafed, but he after fome hours fell ill again with Vo-
miting anda Phrenfie. I endeavour'd what I could to remedy botk
the one and the other, but he grew more outragious, and notwith-
ftanding bliftering, exc. died in a few hours,

Of ee Dicka Poftillion, Plethoric, Choleric, much given to drinking
‘wasocea, RUM-Punch, and ftrong Liquors, fell into a Fever, which chiefly
fioned by feiz'd his Head, fo thar he was inavery great rage. I treated him

Seo after the cool Regimen, had him bled and bliftered, bue notwith-

and had Standing this found him ftill worfe. Atlength, I learn’d his Nurfe
Fits which gave him much Wine and Flefh, contrary to inftru€tions, I] ote

fovew,__der’d the contrary, and by the continuance in this courfe, When
and the Afpect of the Sun and Moon chang’d, on that very minute,

recy of from great rage he came to himfelf, and recovered quite of his Di-
ad sees ftemper. I have in feveral perfons obferved the fame, but thefe
Afpects which I was fure to have any effects, were only the Fulls
and Changes, or Oppofitions and Conjunctions of the Sun and
Moon. I have feen their effects, principally on Perfons ufed to ex-
ceflive drinking, and that chiefly of Brandy, which after fome time
turned them maniacal, with very great Fits, for fome days before
and fometimes after thefe Afpects. I have not feen fo much of the
effects of the Sun and Moon’s Alpects in England and Europe, as Fa-

Malla,

The Introduction. cxlv

tec eet

maica, an inftance of which is before related. I have been able in
this Difeafe, by confidering the ftrength of the Perfon, and the time
of the Fullor Change, ere it was likely fuch Fit would end, to fore-
tel whether in probability they would out-live the Fits or not, for I
could very feldom bring this fort of Diftemper under by Medicines
till chat time was over.

One aged about Fifty years, little, very Cholerick and Hot, much
given to drinking, had been troubled very much with an Afthma, for
which I gave him a Diet-drink, made of Sarfa, ~c. which he conti- of an ins
nued co take for fome time, and found great relief. He was taken il] termitting
of a Gonorrhea. 1 gave him fome purging Mercurial Pills, and ihe a
Emulfions. He was afterwards {eized with an Epidemic Fever, be-
ing a Tertian, then reigning, for which he being afraid, and not
daring, left the Gonorrhea thould be ftopt, to take the Cortex Peru.
on the intermitting day I gave him a Vomit of Oxymel. Scillit. and
infufion of Crocus Metall. whereby in a {mall time it working very
well, he was cured of both Diftempers.

A month after he fell ill of great pains in his Reins and Back,
and being ufually troubled with Fits of the Stone at that time of the
year, he took thofe Medicines he us’d to find relief in, wichouc any
fuccefs. I gave him all manner of Diuretics, as Sal Prunell. oc.
cancr. ol. terebinth. a decoct.of the Roots. of Althea, Linfeed, ec. .A-
nodine Fomentations, ¢c. as well as Ointments and. Oils, with-
out any relief excepr fome eafe for a day or two. He was then
advis’'d to ftir much, I thought that hazardous, becaufe it might
throw down the Stone, and fo occafion a Paroxylm, but he
would do it, and was worle. I endeavoured to remedy thefe
Symptoms by all the ways 1 could, without {uccels, wherefore { Of an Ul-
conjectured fome Ab/ce/s to be in the Back, or one of the Kidnies. Li, soe
bled often, purg’d eafily with Cafia, ic. gave all manner of Diu- and Gan.
retics, but his pain continued. He grew teverifh and weak, I en- bar in
deavour’d to remedy thefe Symptoms by more cool Medicines, rn edad aca
out fuccels. He fene for another, who gave him Diaphoretics and
Cordials. He had an [flue in his Arm, which being neglected, the
Arm inflam’d and {well’d, to which were applied, Adftringents, and
the humour was repelled, whereby he grew delirous, and had a
very {mall intermicting Pulfe. I order’d him fome Diaphoretics to
force the repell’d matter out again, by which the {welling appeared
and he was reliev’d. It turnd to an Apoftem, and complaining
very much of it {ome days after, I had ic opened. Jt appear'd to be
of the nature of an Ery/fipelas, he was dreft by the Chirurgeon,. and
in a day it appear’d blackifh about the Iffue, and difcolour'd in fe-
veral places. There appeared fome dilcolour'd Puftles or Whales

( 00 ) where-

~~

cxivi i The Introduction.

wherefore to avoid a Gangrene, he was {carified with deep Incifions,
and had Pledgets of Agyptiacun diffolv’d in Sp. VY. applied, but
although with this, and a Fomentation of Wormwood, er. ina
Lye, and Sp. V. it feem’d to be at a ftand, yet it {phacelated more
and more, and he being fo weak as not to endure the Amputation
of his Arm, he died.

The Reverend Mr. Leming, of a Plethoric and Sanguine Contti-
tution, aged about Forty five years, by walking in the heat of
the day, expofed to the Sun-beams, was taken ill with a very
great Vertigo, fo that he was reeling every ftep, and could not fee to
Read or do any thing elfe, neither could he walk without the afii-
ftance of feveral people under his Arms to fupport and guide him.
He had been two days in this condition, neither had he taken any

Of a very ching but a Clyfter. I wondered very much that in fo long time he

ny Yer bad not been Apoplectic, and ordered him immediately to be bled
in the Arm to Ten Ounces, the next morning to take a pretty
ftrong Dofe of Extr. Rud. in Pills, that he fhould be bliftered pre-
fently in the Neck , afterwards cupd with Scarification in the
Shoulders, and that he fhould take fome alternative Medicines, as
Sage and Rofemary made into a Drink after che manner of Tea, and
drink a quantity of it feveral times every day at convenient Seafons.
I order’d fome drops of Sp. CC. to be put into it, and gave him dire-
étions to change and repeat thefe Medicines till he was well, which
accordingly he did. He found immediate relief on bleeding, and
by the ufe of the reft of thefe Medicines recovered in fome days his
perfect healeh:

Of aCon- The fame Gentleman, in preaching ufed to ftrain his Lungs fo

sre tape much, that he became obnoxious to feveral Coughs and defluxions.

ftraining J advisd him to remove from his Parifh, where he ufed his Lungs

the Lungs.

too much, to a place where no opportunity fhould be given of ex-
ercifing them fo much. By this method he wasrelieved. I heard
fince, that returning to his Parifh he fell into a fpitting of blood,
turn’d Confumptive and died. I have feen the like happen feveral
times to people who have in their feveral Profeffions ufed their Lungs
too much, The ancient Phyficians, and Philofophers prefcribed
Reading aloud, Difputing, ec. as neceffary for exercifing the Lungs,
which they thought as proper for the keeping of them found as
other Exercifes for other parts of the Body. But I have often ob-
ferved that the immoderate ftraining of them by Singing, Hunting,
Trumpeting, inviting People to Shows,ésc. have by degrees brought

Hoarinefles, Coughs, Confumptions, great pains, UI
the Sternum, and Death. P a g P INS, cers under the

A

The Introduction. exlVii

—

A Child of a bout a year and an half old, was taken ill of an
Epidemic Tertian Fever, with the Symptotns of which it had a veryOfa Teri-
great {well’d upper Jaw. The Mother told me, thac the Child@?.274
breeding Teeth very hardly, the Jaw had been formerly cuit, whereJaws in 2
the {welling now was. I concluded the cutting had fowl'd, or hureChild.
the upper part of the Tooth, and that part of the Morbific Matter
was fent to that place as weak, during the Paroxyfm of the Fever.

I gave ic the Cortex, and it was in fome few days cured of both Fe-

ver and {well’d Jaws,

Face-Cloaths, or Linnen to be pin’d over the Face of New-boinOf the
Children, are never ufed in Jamaica, it being hot, and thought therem2?28°
very unhealthy. Cradles are not us’d very much, but Aamacas for Children
Children to be laid in, wherein they are tofs'd or {wung as if they in Famaica.
were rock’d in a Cradle. They make an Engine of Wood as long
as the Child, alittle broader, and a Foot and an half high, arch’d at
top. The fides and top are covered with Gauze to hinder the Gnats

or Mofquitos molefting the Child lying under it.

A great many White Women, all Indians and Negros, keep not
their Beds over a Week, after having brought forth, when they re- dns
turn to their ordinary Bufinefs, Sometimes through a contrary Cu-Women in
ftom this may be prejudicial, as I kaew'a-Mother-of many Children, Childbed.
who getting up fo much earlier than fhe uled to do, fell into great
pains in her Sides, after having fome diminution of her Lochia. In
this cafe I ordered bleeding, andthe ule of Sage-Tea, by which fhe

recovered in fome time.

A Woman being got with Child, endeavoured to hide it, anid
took violent Medicines defigning Abortion, They had not the de-Of bias
fired effect, for although fhe took Mercury Sublimate in Broath,});...
et fhe went out her Time, and after violent Vomitings, and greattaken in-
Spitting for fome time, fhe was privately delivered, and the Child “ardly.
buried in a Field. It was difcovered by Birds, which feed on cor-
rupting Flefh, are a fort of Vulture, and call’d Carrion Crows.
The Child thus found, being brought to Towa, a fearch was
made, and the {uppofed Mother carried to Prifon. She there fell
into a Delirium, with other feverilh Symptoms ver high. She
was blifter’d, and took Sp. C G and other things, y which fhe
recovered, and was feemingly well, but I heard fhe died a Weck

after.
Blacks

SS ee

" ¢xiviii The Introduttion.

ofBlack Blacks are as often taken for Nurfes as Whites, being much eafier

Nurfes. to be had. They are not coveted by Planters, for fear of infecting
their Children with fome of their ill Cuftoms, as Thieving, e+.
I never faw any {uch Confequences, and am fure a Blacks Milk
comes much nearer the Mothers than that of a Cow, and yer in
Jamaica fome Children are bred up by the Hand very well.

Some Women being here very debauch’d as to drinking, ec, when

Of Chil. they are Nurfes, can {carce abftain from it, and thereby infeét Chil-
drens Di- dren very often with Puftles, breakings out, ec. I us’d in fuch cafes
an to perfuade changing the Nurfe, or bringing up the Child by
Hand, tampering with Phyfick too much with Children, where

the Difeafe is not plain, being not fafe, they not being able co

inform the Phyfician of their Malady,but by frowardnels and crying.

Of Cho- | Chocolate is given to young Children here, almoft the firft Meac
colate gi- they take except the Mothers Milk, and is found to agree with them

Children. -as well as Milk-Meats in England,

Mr. William Kayes, aged about Forty years, complain’d to me he
had been feveral years croubl’d with Ringworms on his Abdomen. |
defir’d to fee them, he fhow’d me a {pot or two on his Belly,
about the Circumference of a fix pence, in which was a fuperficial
ulceration of, asit would feem, the Cuticula, with fome {cales about
the edges. It was of a dark brown colour, and there feem’d to

Of the iflueout a {mall Ichor. He had in this place a moft tntolerable un-
pane eafie itching which was very troblefome. He had not infected his
mpetigo Or. i :
Lepra Gra- Wife with it, alchough moft Men are thought to communicate it
coum. to their Wives. JT order’d him to be bled and purg’d, gave him in-
wardly, after twice purging, a great many Dofes of Flor. Sulpb. in
the morning and night, drinking after it Diet-Drink, for fome weeks.
After this preparation an Ointment was made with Sulph. Viv. pow-
dered and mixt with Ung. ex Oxylapath. and {cented with Oil of
Rhodium, with which he was to anoint it, but by the ufe of che firft
Medicines he was well, and continued fo. This is a very ordinary
Difeafe here, and in moft parts of the World, continuing many
years, and fixes its felf in feveral places of the Body. It feems to
come near the Lepra Grecorum, and is the Impetigo mention’d by Pifo
to be in Brazile. Itules always to becur’d by the abovefaid Medi-
cines, though now and then, on the Afpects of the Moon it would
return again, and be cur’don ule of the Medicines as before, I¢had

ia oe to be cur'd by moft of the Phyficians of the Ifland without
sHecels:

Mr, Hem-

The Iutroduttion, — cxlix

Se eee

A Gentlemam, aged about Forty five, looking very black in the
Face, or of a livid Afpect, had been very much given, to Venery,
and intemperance in Drinking. He had always after a debauch
fome bruifed places about him, which were hurt by Accidents and
Falls. For thefe Cafualties it was proper to bleed him very often to,
prevent his death, as on hurting his Sides, came Pleurifies and In-
flammations, for which there was a neceflity to give him {everal
Medicines, and more efpecially toufe Phlebotomy. He complain’d
to me one day he thought his Belly {well’d, and that he made a ofaDrop-
{mall quantity of Urine. I told him I thought “twas yery danger. fic from in-
_ ous and advis'd Jalap, and other purgers of water to carry off thee cn
humours, which threatned a Dropfie, as alfo Chalybeats and Diu- Wine and
retics, with Exercife. Although thefe Medicines wrought well, yet Venery.
his Belly {well’d more and more, whereby I was almoft fure he
would not live long, and fo it proy’d, for in about three weeks
time his Belly {well’d moft prodigioufly, made his breathing un-
eafie, the watery humour overwhelmed his Brain, made him De-
lirous, and alfo {eiz’d his Lungs, fo that he had a great Cough and
died. He usd to drink two Boles of burnt Wine every night when
well, in the night time, co fupport, as he thought, his Spirits.

One Lambert, 2 young Man, complain’d to me of a great pain of the
in one of his Kidnies, with Vomiting, he usd to be troubl’d wrich Stone.
the Stone there. { gave him about one Grain of Laud.Lond. in a-
bout feven Grains of Extr. Rud. he had eafe prefently, a Stool
fome while after, and was perfectly cur’d of that Paroxylm. The
like I have known in a great many others, Eafing of che pain takes
of the conftriGtion of the Ureters and Membranes, and then che
Sand, Gravel, or Stone come away.

A Woman of about Fifty years of age, was taken with an Epi-
demic Tertian. I gave her the Cortex, by which fhe yas curd,
and continu’d well fome weeks. On Chri/tmas Eve, fhe took a
great cold, and fell into an Epidemic Pleurilie, which was then
frequently join’d with Rhumatic pains, and mortal. I advisd her Of a Pleu-
forthwith to bleed plentifully, and gave her fome Sal Prunell. and"
Crabs-Eyes in large quantities. She fent for fome ignorant Fellow
who could not biced her, and neglected that Remedy two days,
in which time her pains increas d. Ifent for a-Chirurgeon, who
bled her, direGted her a Clifter, gave her inwardly Antipleuritics,
order'd her fide to be rub’d with Ung, Dialth. 1 advifed her to re-
peat bleeding, which was done five umes in two days, wichout
any fuccels, tor her pains increafed in a imall time after bleeding,

(pp) and

— la rr te ne ee tr rr cee et

cl

The Introdudtion.

Of an Ery-
fipelas.

Of the
Fluor Al-
bus.

and fhe died in Convulfions, There is no Remedy in a Pleurifie fo
effectual as bleeding. This is not done, either through obftinacy of
the fick Perfon, ignorance, or averfion of the Phyfician to that Re-
medy, or unskilfulnels of the Chirurgeon, who generally pretend,
on miffing the Vein, that the Blood is too thick, as if iccould Cir-
culate through the capillary Veffels, and yet be fo thick as not to
come out of a hole made in the fide of che Vein. If fufficient
bleeding is neglected in a Pleurifie, on any of thefe accounts, the
extravafated Blood increafes, difficulty of breathing follows, and
occafions either a Suffocation by the great quantity of Blood ftag-
nating in the Heart, and great Veflels, a Gangrene, or at leaft an
Apoftem, whence follows an Empyema and Coniumption.

Her Daughter was taken very ill at the fame time of a great pain
in her Arm, after which came out an Eryfipelas, which I advis‘d to
be treated with a Fomentation of Wormwood, Sage,grc. in Lye and
Wine. With this Remedy, after breaking out, and going in teveral
times, it came out in feveral Boils and hard Lumps on the Hand,
which breaking, and running, curdher. I have feen many troubl d
after the fame manner, with great pains in the Arm, after which
comes out the Ery/ipelas, then it goes in again, and the pains return
till ic again breaks out, which is chiefly effected by Ol. Lumbr. &
Cham. with which fome Petrol. is mixt. “They ought to be bled and
purg’d, ec. and yet often recover not in half a year. The Skin of
thefe people is ufually afterwards very much difcolour'd.

A great many Women are here troubl’d with the Fluor Albus,
with which Diftemper they ufually have very great pains in their
Back. Iufually gave chem a Medicated Wine, with the Roots of
Angelica, Imperatoria, Biftort. Tormentill. exc. infus'd in Madera. I
advisd them to drink for fome time of it, feveral times aday, for-

bidding all manner of Evacuation. This method ufually cur’d
both Whites and Blacks.

On outward or inward bruifes, I us’d, in danger, to bleed im-
mediately, and in the outward to embrocate with fair water, by

Of bruifes.applying Papers or Cloaths dipt in water, and repeating them,

when they grew hor, by which the humour was repell’d. I have
feen this method do great matters, as much or more than Bole or
Afttingents cum Album, Ovor. Sperm. Cet. and Crabs-Eyes. I us’d to
give inwardly, Sp. CC. and to order a Montagany Plaifter to be a pplied.

OfanUI- A lufty blind Fellow of about Fifty years of age, had been

cer in

rae languifhing a long time with pains in the Region of his Kidnies, as

| well

The Introdudtion. cli

well as all over his Body; he now made and had done for fome
time paft white purulent {melling and thick water. I concluded ic
it to be an Abfcefs of the Reins, and told him I was apprehentfive
it was incurable. However I had him bled twice or thrice, purg’d
feveral times a week, with Pil. Coch. Min, he took on the interme-
diate days, Ol. Tercb. Balf. Sulph and a Decoétion of Barley. By
which means contrary to expectation he was quite cured,

Mrs. Purifie, aged Thirty five years, complain’d of great pains
in her Kidnies, hada great heat there, and had gone through feveral OF the
Courfes without fuccefs. 1 put her into the fame method as above, mes sng
but the Oil was too hot for her. I gave her fome Vitriolum Martis, spleen.
making artificial Mineral waters, as well for that asa fwell’d Spleen.
After fhe had gone through this Courfe, fhe recovered very well,
which fhe attributed more to the outward application of Orange
Leaves then any thing elfe. She had for her Spleen a Galbanum Plai-
{ter, and one Ex Gcuta cum Gum, Ammoniaco, I have known this laft
Plaifter do great matters, with Jalap inwardly given at the fame
time. They drain a great quantity of blackifh Serum, which fills
and {wells the capacity of the Abdomen, as well as Liver and Spleen
to that rate, as that they meet almoft about the Navel. One cold
me fhe found on the ule of this Plaifter over the aforelaid Vifcera
as if fome body had fqueez’d them with their hand, and the Belly

at the fame time fell feveral Inches in a week by meafure.

One Devons Wife brought me to fee her Husband, who had been Of afiecpy
very melancholly for feveral months, was morole, would orca!
fpeak, but was always drowfie and fleepy. 1 order'd him to be
bled, gave him a Purge, fome Sp CC and had his Neck bliftered
by which in a few days he was quite well. ay

She fell ill of an Epidemic intermitting Fever, which in one ofOf an in-

: ic di _ termittin
the Fits run fo high, as that after long and Phrenetic difcourfe, not ee

withitanding bliftering ,¢7c. fhe, after falling into cold Sweats, died. Which was
' mortal.
d heard very much of a dry Dropfie, a Diftemper that was
ti : Be tal to many of this Iland, both Whites and
Blacks, and was pretended to be a very ftrange Difeafe (as it would Of an

Ae Heétic,
have been, fad it anfwerd its Name) and proper to this Climate. 015°,

brought to me trom Colonel Nedham’s Plantati- Famaica a
. fie bad See by Labourer at the Stokeholes. He had in Bay as
this Employment been extremely heated, and {weated, and by
taking Colds thereon, he had contracted a great Cough, which
had continued for {ome time. He was wafted in his Body, was hot

and Feverifh, and had his Legs edematous, puff'd up, and 2 an

“hit*«é«i Be <n odduéitionn.

fwell’d. I found this to be the beginning of a Confumption, and
perfect Febris Heftica, having no Symptoms, but fuch as are com-
mon to our Englifh, and all other Hectics. I therefore order’d him,
Balj, Sulph. to preferve his Lungs from being tainted, order’d him a
Diet Drink of Sarfa, @rc. with Barley and Raifins, and gave him in
the Evenings to keep off his Cough, aneafie Opiate, with which, and
good Diet he was cured. A Steel Courfe is much commended here
in this Diflemper, and a furr’d white Tongue is reckoned one of the
chief Pathognomonics of this Difeafe, which is nothing but what
often accompanies the Heétic in England, and every where elfe.

A Boy of about Thirteen years of age, had a great and ugly
{welling on his Leg, which yielded great quantities of an Ichorous
Sanies from the Bone. He had fome marks of Ulcers remaining a-
oa the bout his Eyes, which fhew’d him to be fcrophulous, or troubled
Evil with the Kings-Evil | He had been flux’d in feveral hot Houfes, and
proceeded with after feveral Methods, by feveral Phyficians, who
ordered the matter fo that this Tumour had been almoft curd feveral
timies, but by neglect ic return’d. He found great relief in wafhin
and bathing in falc-water. I ordered him to be well purged thrice
a week, with Pil. Coch. Min. and Mere, Dulc. Sometimes | chang’d
this fora Vomit of Infuf. Croc. Metal. and gave him a Diet-Drink,
made of the Woods, Roots, Sarfa, ec. boil’d in Lime-water. He
put co the Ulcer fome Bafilicon with Precipicate, and fometimes
without, with which he grew much becter. I lefe the Ifland be-

fore he was quite well, but order’d them to profecute the cure the
fame way.

The Negros and Indians of Plantations ufually have Fires near

the places where they and their Children fleep. They make thefe
Of Burns. Fires both for their Healths fake, and to keep themfelves from Gnats,

Mofquitos, or Flies, which would be troublefom, were they not kill’d
by the fmoak. The Slaves are ufually fo well wrought in the day,
and fleep fo faft at night, that they do not eafily awake. * Several of
their young ones fall into thefe Fires, whereby their Arms or Legs
are fometimes burnt off. I always found a Cataplafm of Onions,
Salt, and white Soap beaten together, to do very great matters in

the cure of {uch Accidents, and thele ingredients are almoft every
where to be had.

Of a Rup-

ture.

One about three years before fhe advis'd with me, had been
troubl’d with a long and tedious Delivery, in which fhe found
in che Childs coming away a crack as if fomething had broken in her
Groin. She complain’d to me-of a great pain there, in which was
| a {mall

The Introduition. hii

s

a fmall lump, which was abour the bignels of a Pigeons Egg. [
took it fora Rupture, ordered her to lye with her Heels and lower
parts high, to endeavour by an Anodyne Carminative and. Difcu-
tient Fomentation to put up the Gut, and gave her an eafie Opiat
in the Evening. This did well, and fhe was better, but ftill had
Pain. . I defir’d her to take great care to be quiet, and to repeat thefe
Medicines as fhe found occafion, upon which the Pain went away,
and fhe was better.

One came to me complaining he was troubled very much with Itch

about the Os Pubis, which proceeded from Lice ot Afcarides, | OF Afcari-

CS.

advifed him to rub and wafh all che part over with Sope and Water,
but that did not kill them, 1 then ordered him to beat fome of che
- Seeds of Staphifacre, and ftrew it on the part, which kill’d them
all in a very fhort time, It is an almoft certain Remedy for any
Vermin of this kind,

One of about Fifty five years of Age, given to good Fellowfhip
and Drinking of Drams, hdd beert very:ilt of the Belly-ach, feveral
times, on which he had loft the wufe of his Limbs. Hehad not long
before I faw him been taken wich a vety fevere Fit, and was reco-
vered out of it by the help of Ginger im Cyder and Wine mixt, and
heated with Sugar. After the violence of the Fic was over, becaule
he was very weak, he had fuckt two. Negro Womens Milk, by
which he was perfectly recovertd, |- He feena’d to be very Hypochon-
dtiac, was Melancholly, and took’d Yellow in the Skin and Eyes,

Being confulted’ for his Healel I advis'd him, becaule he had no OF ithe
Stomach nor Appetice to ViGuals,. to: eke an infufion of Gentian elly-ach.

Roots, Centaury Tops, e+. in Madera Wine, and a Diet-Drink of
Sarfa, China, oc. mix'd with an equal quanticy of Cow's Milk
every Morning. Now and then as his Belly was bound up, I or-
der'd him a Pill of Bxtraé&. Rud. whereby he was kept Soluble. By
thefe Medicines his Health was preferved without any great Sicknels,
but coming on Board in order to a Voyage for England, and drinking
Punch more than ordinarily, he firft fell into an unufual Weaknefs of
his Haads, and afterwards into Pains all over his Body. ‘1 would
have remedied thefe Symptoms by Bleeding and Purging, bur chac
his Weaknefs put a ftop to any fuch Courfes. He grew worfe,
having had no Stool for fome Days (for he had, befides his Colick,
a Rupture) and complained very much of Pains every where,
efpecially in his Belly. I gave him Axtraé?. ‘Rud. gr. 15. which
did not work, wherefore im fome hours more I gaye him thirty
Grains of Pil, Ruff for his Jaundice and bound Belly, which with

Sena boil'd in Chicken-Broath, or great Quantites of thin Water-

— ee ee oe ed a ee —— eee

(qq) gruel

cliv

The Introdudion.

gruel did not relieve, but he grew phrentic and idle in his Talk.

ave him, after a while, a very ftrong Decoction of Sena in Water,
which took effeét, working four or five times, but it was fo far from
alleviating his Diftemper, that he grew worfe. He loft his Sighe
quite, alchough his Eyes look’d well and without blemith, for which
1 order'd him to be bled. I blifter’d him in the Neck likewife, and
thought his Diftemper uncurable, if at Full Moon, or two or three Days
after, he did not recover. He flept not, but had ftrange Perfua-
fions or Imaginations in his Head, and dos’d at firft, but afterwards
fell into a perfect Lethargy. When ‘his Sleepinefs was over, he
awak’d, but feem’d to be penfive at fome ftrange things in his Mind.
I apply’d Blifters:to his Wrifts, and on the Day of the Full Moon,
he’ came to fee fomewhat, and at the fame time recover’d fome of his
Underftanding; yet, a great many things were blotted out of his -
Memory, fo that the Remembrance of things paft, not only during
his Sicknefs, but likewife before, were loft, and fome Imaginations
and Fancies, were fo faft imprinted in his Mind, during the time of
his being not Compos Mentis,. that afterwards, when he difcours’d and
reafon’d, very well, there was need: to: take Pains with him to unde-
ceive him, and make him fenfible of his Miftakes, ‘but in a few Days
that Reafon and Experience had taught him. to: judge rightly, | he was
well. When he was recovering, it was very hard for him to bring
out fome Words at firft,: which, duppofe,: might proceed. from his
forgetfulnefs of them. ‘This blindnefs is not a very common Sym-
ptom with the Cholic, or Belly-ach, but: yet appears now and then.
Ihave my felf feen feveral Inftances of it.. There appears no Blemifh
in the Eye in this*Cafej and: they are ftruck Blind unknown to them-
felves or the by-ftanders, till they come to try their Eyes upon any. oc-
cafion. This fort of Gutta Serena goes:off in:fome Days, and they
recover their Sight, at leaft as many:as Ihave feen or read of, recover'd
it by the ufe of Bleeding, Purging, Bliftering and Cephalics.

The End of tbe Introduttion.

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A

VOYAGE

ae

JAMAICA.

EN our intended Voyageto Famaica was drawing near,
Z- \was defir'd by feveral who were to go the fame Voy-
EL age, to give them my Advice what Phyfick would be’
lam belt to prevent their being Sick at Sea, and receiving
ACS injury thereby, and by the change of the feveral Climates
ee we were to pafs through; to which my Anfwer was,
that I thought the beft Counfel I could give, was, to eat

wie
| MSE and drink what was fitting, and to ufe Exercife, and the

other fix non-naturals with that moderation, that their Bodies might be keptin
ahealthful ftate, and made ftrong and able to endure any Difeafe fhould through
unavoidable contingences attack them; for that when one is well, if Phyfick .

be taken, it muft either make no alteration at all on the Body, and then it will

not deferve the name of Phyfick, but be a Chip, and fo confequently a

netdlefs trouble and good for nothing; or it muft make an alteration on

thofe, whobeing fuppofed perfectly well in Health, muft by it be changed and

made Sick. Some of thofe who would take Phyfick notwithftanding this

warning, felt this trueto their Coft, being by Purges thrown into Gripes, and

other troublefome Diftempers from which they were not {fo eafily freed. The

fame Argument might be urg’d againft thofe, who when perfe@ly well will Preventive
take preventive Phyfick, who if they efcape Death (which the famous Phy/fick con-
Machiavel did not) or Sicknefs, will at leaft by Cuftom, which will become fider’d.

at laft neceflary, make themfelves Slaves to bleeding and purging every Fall

and Spring to prevent Difeafes, which are much rather brought by thefe means

than hindered. And it feems as reafonable to me that a Soldier fhould be-

fore a Fight come to a Chirurgeon to ask a remedy to prevent his being Shot,

as when one is altogether Well, to a Phyfician fora Remedy againft Sicknefs.

And to confirm this neceflary Caution a little further, I have {een more than

once in Scafons for Epidemical! Difeafes, as the Small-pox, ¢c. that thofe who

have been over-wife, in either taking Medicines or Journies to fhun the com

mon Diftempers, have, by the agitation they put their Bodies into, been

taken with what perhaps otherwife they might have avoided.

On Monday the 1x. day of September 1687. I went on Board the Afiftance
Frigat, one of the King’s Ships, of forty four Guns, and two hundred Men;
Commanded by Captain Laurence Wright, lying at Anchor at Spithead near
Port(mouth. She had in Company two large Merchant Ships, and the Dukes
Yacht, carrying His Graces Provifions and Servants, We. i coer

B ter-

2

A Voyage to JA MAICA.

The Cormmos
Sea-fickne/s
confider’d.

Acofta’s O-
pinion con-
cerning it re-
fated.

* Martens,
cap, O,

Afternoon, the Wind being North-Weft Northerly ; but next Morning the
Wind coming South South-Eaft, and blowing hard with Rain, we came back
to St. Helens Road, where we lay in eleven Fathom water, Oofie Ground,
and about three Miles from the Land, till the 19. the Wind being South-wefterly
all this while, with rainy dirty Weather. We who had not been accuftomed to
the Sea, at firft {etting Sail, oreven on firft going aboard, by the Heaving and
Setting, asSeamen term it, or the Motion of the Ship by the Waves, were all
of usalmoft Sea-Sick. This firft appears by a great uneafinels and load abour
the Stomach, diforder and aching in the Head, high colour’d Urine, and Vo-
miting at firft what has been lately car or drunk, then a great quantity of
ferous Matter infipid to the Taft, and mixt with Ropy Phlegm. Then if the
Vomiting continues, comes the Yellow bitter Bile or Choler, pump’d up by
the inverted motion of the Duodenum out of the Gall-Bladder, as well as the fub-
acid Juices from the Pancreas and neighbouring Glands, which give a greenifh
Tin@ture to whatever comes up, and fometimes a four Taft; and after thefe
Liquors vomited up, as after a Natural or Artificial Vomit, the Perfons ge-
nerally from defponding and not caring what happens to them, come to be
very eafie. There are great Controverfies among learned Men concerning the
Caufe of this Sicknefs. ofeph Acofta afcribes it to the Sea-Air, but I think
Without any manner of Reafon, for it feems only to proceed from the unac-
cuftomed motion of the Ship *, which is fometimes higher or lower, or on one
fide or t’other, according to the Waves on the top of which fhe {wims, or the
Sail fhe carries; few People are Sick when the Waves are {mall, and the motion
of the Shipinconfiderable,and thofe unaccuftom’d to the Sea are always out of
order more orlefs in proportion to the motion of the fame, and are extremely
fick in great Storms, when:cven. the Seamen themfelves, who have ufed that
life many years, are not free from it, asmany have related ro me. It feems to
be a greater or lefler Vomit, according to the Weather, and chat, as Artificial
Vomits, they fomctimes work eafily on fome Tempers, and on other People
of a different Confticution not at all. Thata very {mall unaccuftom’d motion
of Man’s Body will produce Vomiting, is very plain from thofe not ufed to
Coaches, or to ride backwards in them, which altho it is not a very extraor-
dinary motion; yet in fome will produce the fame effects as if they were at.
Sea. And that a greater will {cldom mifS, is evident from the Vomitings
which moftly follow violent or Confumptive Coughs, which feem only to
affect the Stomach in making it move irregularly with its Contents, by the
great motion of the Diaphragma and Mutcles of the Belly: and this is more
plain by that fort of punifhment ufed in Switzerland, and fome other Coun-
tries, Malefactors being put into a fort of Cage, which being turn’d round
makes them fo Sick as to Vomit with uneafinels. Asto the two Arguments
ufed by Acoffato prove his Pofition, they do not move me ; for his firtt, thar
the farther off Land, one is the ficker, is not true, for People are generally
fickeft when they go firft on Board, and although the motion of the Ship, be-
caufe of the largenefs of the Waves then is greater, yet by Cuftom they be-
come not fo Sick : and for that other Reafon of his, that he was once at Land
fick on a great Sea-breeze, I believe his ficknef$ was accidental, otherwife
thofe who live on {mall Iflands far remote from Continents, as St. Fielena, would
have a fickly time on’t. Why this unaceuftom’d motion fhould produce this
effect, is beyond my giving any tolerable account of, only this is obvious,
that Water in any open Veflel, if not lafh’d fo as to remain Horizontal in
whatever Pofition the Ship be, will on alterations of the pofture of the Ship
overflow ; even fothe Contents of the Stomach, if Liquid, may run impetu-
oufly feveral ways, touch or make an irritation on fome parts of the Body or

Stomach it did not touch before, and how fenfible thofe nervous parts are,

need not be tald any whe have feen Vivifections, where the leaft; but fuper-
| ficial

?

A
A Voyage to JAMAICA. 3
ficial eafie touches, even when the Guts and Stomach are in fo
out of the Abdomen, will caufe a fenfible and vigorous EL

As to the fo much celebrated Salutary effets {aid ta enfue Sea-SicknefS in The Effeél:
all difeafed Perfons, and its no lef§ famed ones in preventing Sicknefs in thofe ae
that are Sound, I confefs my {elf to diffent from thofe Opinions; foralthoughin
feveral Diftempers very frequent now adays from Intemperance, cc. cleanfing
the Stomach by Vomit be a very good remedy, yet I think ir neither univer{al
in every Diftemper, nor this by Sea-ficknefS to be able to do more than a
good ordinary Vomit, having likewife this very great Inconvenience, that
It is not in the power of the Phyfician to {top this, or moderate the working
of it, as he maya Vomit, no more than he can command the Waves, or ftop
the raging of the Sea; whence many People by the lafting of this perpetual

omiting, in long Voyages, have been brought to even Death irfelf, and
others extremely weakened thereby. For all thofe Arguments from the fil-
thinefs of the Subftances vomited up are very frivolous; for I queftion not
but many perfectly found People vomit them up, who would. not haye any
Sicknefs, if they had not fo vomited them, and to the Occonomy of whofe
Bodies they were abfolutely neceflary ; the Serous Matter or Spittle to be a
Menftruum to their Victuals, the Phiegm to defend the Tunicles of the Sto-
mach and Guts, and the Gall as well as {ubacid Juices from the Glands to help
the Digeftion of our Victuals and forward the Secretion of the ufeful Juices
and Excretion of the Excrements, which fo neceflary Subftances, either fimple
in their own Colours, or mixt together, and fo making a new Colour, are
ufually fo much and undefervedly blamed.

For Remedics for this Sicknefs (which not one in near fifty efcapes*)I know And pro-
none perfectly fo; but keeping in a quict pofture, in a place where isthe leaft bable Reme-
motion without any noifome {mell or fight, is the beft.. J ufually ac firft de- 2
fired them to drink quantities of warm Water, »or Small-Beer to make all come _ Ra0wolfs
up eafily, on which they found Relief, and in fome days they grew better. “4? '
Or with the Ships motion this ScknefS abates, and then when there is only
SqueamifhnefS, eating of Victuals relieves rather than hurts. \ Marmalade of
ae Candy’d Citron-Peel, burnt Wine with Spices, and generally all

vordial hot Waters, gave me no eafe but fometimes made meficker : havin
been, notwithftanding tryal of all thefe things, troubled with this Sicknets
for a Month together in going to:the W2/-Jndies, and fix Weeks in comin
Home, upon every the leaft puff of Wind extraordinary. At the worlt a Foot
on Land always fet me free from all thefe Symptoms and Maladies immedi-
ately, altho my Head would turn round and feem’d to have an odd motion
within it for fome time after.

"Tis very ordinary for Sca-Sick People to be very much bound in their
Bellies, becaufe of the Periftaltick motion’s being inverted, the Gall or na-
rural Glifter voided by the Mouth, and that they have no Appetite for Solids,
neither digeft fo much Food as ufually. To remedy which I ufed to give
gr v. extr. Rud. a little Manna, or fome eafie Medicine to Stimulate Nature,
and to hinder the baking of the Excrements in the Cells of the Colon, and by
that means hinder aColick. But one need not be over-folicitous about this mat-
ter ; becaufeif they Eat not as they ufé to do at Land, they cannot expe&
the fame quantity of Excrements. This confideration may be of fome ule
likewife in the practice of Phyfick, where Phyficians for the fame reafon in
difeafed Bodies ought not to expect Excrements as in Health.

The 19. of September we Weighed Anchor, the Wind being at North-Eaft in
the Morning, it chang’d at eleven at Night, when we Tackt, and was variable
from South-Eaft to South-Weft, and for the moft part a frefh Gale. On We arrive
Wednefday the 21. the Wind being at South and South by Weft, chick Weather, before Pli.
much Rain, and like to blow hard, we went into Plymouth Sound, where we mouth.

lay

A Voyage to JAMAICA

lay in feven Fathom water, and ftruck our Topmatts, being a hard Gale and
much Rain.
hor moor’d till Wednefday the 5. of October, nothing

We lay here at Anc |
memorable pafling, the Wind being for the moft part South-W eflerly, and

blowing hard, with dirty rainy Weather and great Seas rowling in upon us
from the Ocean, which made me (who was obliged to vilit Sick People on
Shore) feveral times wilh it were cuftomary for Men of War to go nearer the
Land ; where we had been well defended by Hills from the injurics of the
Wind; but by lengthening the Cables and our good Tackle the Anchors held
firm, and we received no injury. It deferves here'to be noted that from our
coming on Board to this time, twenty two days, we have had, except one
day, almoft always South-Weft Winds, which for the moft part reign here
this time of the year, making 1t very hard for outward-bound Ships to get
out of the Channel ; but there will be occafion to fpeak more of this here-
after.

We Weighed Anchor from Plimouth on Wednefday the 5.0f Céfober, the Ci-
tadel faluting his Grace with twenty one Guns, and the Ifland of St. Nicolas
with nineteen, the Wind being at Eaft Soutl -Eaft, a frefh Gale, we fteered
to get clear of the Land, and the next day we got thirty or forty Leagues to
Sea, failing more Wefterly than our Courfe required, the Seamen defiring to
clear themfelves of that as much as conveniently they can, that when a con-
trary Wind comes to crofs them they may have room to Tack, and not be
afraid of aLee-Shore, which is fo formidable ro them, that they rather chufe
in {uch acafe to take a Harbour than to lie at Sea, where if the Head Sea be
not very confiderable, by tacking they always get {omething forward be the
Wind never. fo contrary: :iI obferved at about fifty Leagues or more, of the
Lands end, at Sea, many of a kind of Larus, or Gull, very like to that defcrib'd

by Mr.Willughly in his Hiftory of Birds by the name of Hirundo Marina, or Sea-

Hirundo
Marina
major de-

{cribed,

* Coron,).14.

Ge fz

Ramnuf. p.

261.

t Tom. 2. p.
[

5 Ornitb;
0m. 3. Ps
$49.

Swallow, only larger, for which Reafon Tfhall call is Advrundo Marina major.
This Bird was bigger thana Pigeon, it wasof a dark grey colour on the Back,
and white below, it was fharp-winged, and did not fly high, but very clofe
to the Surface of the Water, which it dextroufly fhun’d touching, after the man-
ner of Swallows, and clofer to it than the before-mentioned common Hiirunde
Marina; being very intent on its Prey, and getting what Fifh it could {py
there ; fo as one would admire how they can avoid being wetted by the Seas.
When they had wearied themfelves on the Wing, they would ufually in
Companies together, fer themfelves on the Surface of the Water, efpecially
towards the. Evening, which made me inclinable to think that they feldom
went to Land ; if fo, it is not eafie to imagine, if it be neceflary for them,
how they provide themfelves with Frefh-Water, for as to Meat, the breaking
Waves difcover to them {ufficient quantities of {maller Fifh, which they greedily
devour. The further off Shore we went, we had the fewer of thele Birds,
altho we never were entirely for {everal days without fecing fome of them;
but moft when we were about the Madera iflands, there being fome uninha-
bited [lands and Rocks between that place and the Caary Ifles, known by
the name of Salvages, where they multiply and increafe yearly in prodigious
numbers, not being interrupted by mankind. I am very apt to believe thefe
Birds to be what Oviedo* calls Patines. What Denis + calls Croifeurs, who
were at top of the Water to take fmall Fifh, having met them moft of the
way to Canada: and what Ligon meant when p. 5. he {peaks of a Bird not
much bigger than a Caffri/ turning about every Wave. Iam in doubt whe-
ther this be the Gargaio of Colon. f.29? or Avis a Lufttanis Garayos diita Aldrov.*
or Willockes of Purchas p. 5562 and whether thefe be the fame with the Mews
mentioned by Martens of Spitzberg, that ftay fo long as the Sun, then fly

away in Flocks, and reft on the Water by the way. When we could find.
no

A Voyage to J AM A LG A.

nO more any Ground, or were got clear of the Soundings, that is commonlye
counted about One hundred Leagues fiom the Coatt of Fxgland towards the
south-Weft ; the Flag was hoifted on the Main-top-matt-head, and {everal
Huzzas, and Guns difcharged at drinking his Grace the Duke of Alhemarl’s
Health, who was then Vice-Admiral of thofe Seas. The Ships in Company
likewife fhew’d their Refpe@, in difcharging their Guns, by way of Salute
to the Flag; the like was done by fome Ships Bound for Guinea, who kept
Company with the Frigat to avoid hazard from the Sally Men of War,
Who are very bufie about thefe parts: one who was fome Leagues a
Head, hal'd up his Sails, and lay by till the Frigat was paft, when he like-
wife, by a Salute of all his Guns, paid the re{pect was -due to the Enelilh
Commander of thofe Scas.

On Friday the 7th. of Odob. 168 7. We had a Grampus, or {mall Whale, fol-
low’d us: This fort of Whale which is the leaft, and of the fame kind with
the Dolphin or Porpeffes, is about forty Foot long, and proportionably
broad, is {mooth, and of a dark brown colour in the Back, and has two Chan-
nels in the Head, through which he {pouts out Water in two {mall Streams
when he rifes from the bottom above the Surface of the Sea to breath, which
he does very frequently, blowing and fo going down again. ‘This fort is very To: Gram-
frequent in the great Weftern Ocean. The Sailers commonly fhoot at them pus ¢¢{crid-
with {mall Shot, but without any feeming hurt to the Creatures. They are ¢4.
very devouring, and chafe into the Shore the greater Whales, and are fre-
quently thrown on Shore in Scotland, where they are about Twenty five Foor
long. It is called Balena minor in utragque Maxilla dentata que Orca vocatur.
Sibbald, obff. de balenis, p.6. Orca Rindeletii, p. 483. c& Bellonii,p. 16. Raii,
P.40. Granpaffes. Purchas, 569. where it was obferved «in 73°. N. lat. Gran-
pifce of Terry, p.8. Baleine de Rochef. 195. D' Abbeville, Pp. 39.- Grampofe of
Pool. Purchas, p.707. ‘The Grampus of Smith, Virg. 'p. 28, New-England, |
p-227. ; ¥ : | er

We had alfo Porpeffes came about us. ‘There are ‘multitudes of ‘thefé
(which are well defcribed and figured by. Mr: Ray, p. 3%. Tab. Asx. Fig. 2.)
in the great Weftern Ocean ; they go generally many ‘together, and when
they appear about a Ship they are’ counted to’Prefage a Storm, and that the
Wind will blow that way whither they ‘go: they are not fo frequent between pereles de-
the Tropicks as in the Northern parts. ' They’ are much fwifter in Swimming [eribed.
in the Water than a Ship under Sail: with a good! Gale°of Wind, they ‘are
taken by Harping-Irons, and the Fat being ‘taken’ off (efpecially Fins and
Tail) are eaten by fome Seamen, but are no way delicate Food, having a
very noifome fifhy, and rancid Taft. in

I believe this, and the Delphinus to be much the fame ; they leap up about
a Foot out of the Water, (tumultuating and being uneafie or fick by the
weather, *) fometimes more, and fometimes le(S,:and are fo quick in return- * Martens.
ing that they feem to be crooked, whence the Painters took their Figures.

_ Thefe are mentioned by the following Writers by the names of» Porcpifces of
Smith, New-England, p.rr7. Porpifce of Ligon, p. Zt Marfovin appelle poure
fille de Denis, Tom. 2. p. 258. Gwaperva Marcer Marfovins de Rochef. 191.
du Pyrard de la Val. p, 6. de Cauche. p. 141. D. Abbeville, p. 30. Marfovin,
called by the Portugnefe Tonana of Mandelflo, p. x97. Phocwna Rond. p. 473.
Gefv. “Rai, p.31. Tab. A. x. Fig.2. Ax Botos ¢ Toninas of Anonym. Portug.
Purchas, 13142 Phocena fen Turfto Bellon. p. 15. Scalig. Porpifces or Hog-
Fifh. Zerry p11. An Ambizcangulo feu Porcus aquatilis. Pigafet. p. 10> Por-
pafle, Butskopf, or Places-Head of Martens. cap. 2. The Porpefle of Efcarbot. -
Nova Francia, p. 69. (From which Authors a larger account may be had of
them.) : :

a

G I had

6 AVoyage to JAMAICA.

Thad very often heard, but never obferv'd before, the {pirkling light of Sea-
Water, which appears thus : In a dark Night (the darker the better will you
obferve it) if you look atientively on the Surface of the Sea, you fhall {ec now
and then a little {parkling light fometimes broader,and at other times narrower,
which prefently vanifhes. If yourow in the fame, you fee it very plain where
the Oars touch the Water. Ona part of the Sea where a Wave breaks or
curls you fee it much plainer, and by the Ships fide, or Bow, where the
Water is more broken, you {ee it moft of all. Sometimes you fhall fee as ir
were a Spark of Fire leap up into the Air as if a Flint and Stcel were ftruck
together, which nevertheleis vanifhes very. foon, though fomeiimes I have feen
a {parkle left by the Water on the entring Ladder of a Ships fide, which has
continu’d there fhining for {ome half a Minutes time, like the icy Noéfiluca or
Phofphorus, the light of this being as to colour, gc. like that of the other:
Concerning the Seamen told me that they were more ordinarily to be {een in Southerly
the {parking Winds than any other, how true! know not, but am fure the more the Sea is
ight of the broken or white, the more you ee of them: I endeavoured with a Swab fe-
Sea-water. veral times dipt into the Water to pull fome of thofe Sparkles up, but could
not, for they would not ftick to it, wherefore I had a Bucket of Water drawn,
and by moving it up and down with my Hand faw fome of them appear now
and then on its Surface; but once had the good luck to move it in fuch a
manner that one of thofe Sparkles hityon the Bucket-Rope, and fticking there
gave me the opportunity ef {quatting ic with my Thumb, and making it by
that means give a larger light, which it did for fome {imall time, and then
went out. I. did not. obferve that ir had.any actual heat on touch. Nécolas
Papin, who. wrote a: Treatife in Frenchabout this, giving it the Title of Azer
lumineufe ou traite de la lumiere'de la Mer, tells us, that apitation without Froth
produces it even at bottom, p.129. how true. J cannot-tell. es
This ftrange and {urprifing, Phenomenon. is by {everal People taken notice
Apud Clufe of; Vanderhagen {peaks of it as extraordinary in fome places, fo that ic was
im Cur. pofler. like a Lanthorn giving light, Martens »capi2. tells us that the Sea thines like
the luftre of a Diamond, and foretels Sourh or Weft Winds. Ligon when he
takes notice of it p. 7. thinks it comes from the Saltnefs of the Sea and the
hard Boat ftriking Fire,.and that it- would be Fire if not quenched. Notto
recite the. feveral Opinions about this, 1 am very inclinable to believe that
it may proceed from fome of the fimaller Particles of Fithes floating in the
Water, although fo fimall as to fly the quickeft fight, for I could not‘ob-
ferve.any difference between that and the moft limpid Sea-Water I ever
The reafon of {aW-.1_am.the more. inelinable to.. believe this, in that 1 have feen on the
this Appear- Sands, left uncovered by the ebbing of the ‘Tide,:feveral. Portions of fithy
ance. matter fhining after that:manner, only larger; \the fame is’'to be fen in
Oyfters, Lobfters, ec. And. I fee no. improbability- m: fuppofing ‘fimall ‘cor-
rupted parts.of Fifhes to roul up andidown in the Sea-water, and. when they
come to its. Surface either by themfelves. or in Bubbles, Whereby they are
more expofed. to the Air '¢ broken-water being fiothing but -a- heap: of
Bubbles) they fhine in the fame manner,.chat a Piece of rotten Fith wiil
fhine in the dark, and: the relation of ‘Seamen may well enough agree with
this, the South-Winds being warmer, and‘ more ‘promoting of ‘Putrefacion,
or aiding to Fermentation than. any other Wind whatever. ~ If it-be abjected,
that it feems unreafonable to believe-that.all parts of the Sea fhould be fing
nifhed with them, J anfwer, that it is.certain, moft\ parts of the Sea are very
full of. them, and. not to mention the relations of feveral Seamén; who have
_ told me, that both in the North: and. South Seas they have failed a great many
hours through Fifhes Spawn ; Emyfelf have done {fo for more than nwo days.
‘Tt feems co me that fuch Fifh-Spawn or fifhy Matter, if in great quantities.
: dif-

A Voyage to JAMAICA. 7

difcolours varioufly the Sea-water in the day-time, and makes it, if dark, ap-
pear morc or lefs {hining, as it is more or le(3 in quantity. » Lopes de Gomara Hilt. Gener.
tells us, that about Cubagua the Sea is at fome times Red by the Oyfters ap. 8.
Spawn or Purgation, and Terry takes notice of Sea-water white as Milk Paz. 56.
not near Land. Hatch in his Voyage publith’d by Purchas {peaks of Water Pap. 6:8;
white as Whey, yet no Ground, and Fleynes of White Water no Ground, in Ib. p. 632.
4°. South Lat. Douztoun tells us of Water muddy and thick, with {pots of clear, Id. p. 310.
near India. And Weymouth of Water as black as Puddle, and clear again, 1b. p. Sto.
yet without bottom, at 120 Fathoms. And Ffall Sailed in Black Puddle and 811.
Water for three Hours. But to come nearer our matter in proving this 1 p.815-
Conjecture. Battell in the Red-Sea falls in the Night on whitifh Spots , Ib. p. 1129.
raifing and cafting Flames like Lightning, he wondering at it, took in
the Sails prefently, believing they were on fome Banks or Shoals, and
commanded to caft the Lead, and found Twenty fix Fathoms. Pilots: of
the Country not fearing went on again, ib. Saris met with Cuttle-Fith in Apud Pur-
failing from the Red-Sea to India in 8°: 12; the Wind was at Weft-South- chas, p. 352.
Weft, Sep. 22. at midnight very dark, faw thining Water, ftrange and fear
ful, fo as to difcern a Letter in the Book thereby, he failed in it half an
Hour, not without fear of Rocks, but he tells us it was: from Curtle-Fith;
and Cauche, p.20. tells us that the Worms that eat the Veflels, fhine in the
Night. . )
When we were about Forty Leagues off the Land, we had a Lark which
had come, or been driven too far from Land by a Storm, perch’d on
the Ships Rigging ; it was fo tir’d that it fuffer'd any Body to come within
Arms length of it before it would ftir, and would have permitted us to have 4 Lark
caught it rather than have gone into the Sca, had it not efpied theother Ships, ¢riven forty
to fome of which it went for refting icfelf when ‘twas fear’d from ours, Leagues t0
‘Tis very ordinary for Land-Birds thus to be driven off to Sea, ‘and to light‘on °*4
Ships, being lean and wearied on the Wing ; (o-Wartens, tap.2. tells .us'that
Blackbirds, Starlings, and all {mall Birds lofe their way in a Storm, and can-
not recoyer it but citlier-drop and are drowned, or fit on Ships + and: that a
Crow hefaw (at Spitzbere): by miftake had thus come aftray.
- On Tuefday 1x. When we were in'about Forty fix Degrees of Northera'La«
titude J fet faw what~the Seamen call a Caravel or. P ortugucle Man of War, 4 Caravel
which feems co be a Zoophytum, or of a middle Nature between a’ Plant and de(cribed.
an Animal ; dt is-of thatskind of ‘the: foft Fifles called Urtice from their
Stinging quality, and to-me feems different from any deferib’d by any natural
Hiftorian.” J fhall call’ it Urtica Marina, foluta, purpurea, oblonga, ‘cirrbis
longiffiemes. - : , | se
Itis taken notice'ot by Stevens apud Flakluyt, p-99. where it ‘is‘called a Ship
of Guinea, and by de Lery, p. 399+. under the name of Jmmondicites Rouges.
Martens'calls ie the other fort of Sea-Nettle in the Spanifh Seas that Weighs
feveral Pounds, ef a‘Bhae, Purple, “Yellowith, and White colour, that burn
more violéntlythan thofe of the North-Sea, they do fuck themfelves fo clofe
to the Skin that they: did raife Blifters; and caufe fometimes St. ee.
He fays further that one fort of this is called’ Sea-Spider, and‘is the Food of
Whales, which may, by the wayj‘explain a Paflage of Peynere‘in his” non.
mous Book, called Relation. de Groenland, where the Author ‘tells us, thar |
Whales feed'on Araneés” di Mer. Ligon calls’ it Carvile’';and obferv'd’ it Pag: 6.
‘Five hundred Leagues from Latids and they are named Gyaades Urtice by de
Lact, who takes noticeof them imBrafl. "© 4 OA Gk Libs seet
This ‘floated on thé Surface of ‘the Water, arid confifted of two parts) the p. 573.
one was an oblong Cylindrical Bladder not fo big as a Turkey-Ege, it was
as it were blowaup, and full of Wind; almoftlike the Swim of 2 Fith, wideft

ar

8

A Voyageto JAMAICA

* Purchas
p. 10, Tow-
erfon Voy. 1.
to Guinea
ap. Hacluyt,

Pee: 3*-

Decad,2.¢,2.

at bottom, and grew ftraiter or narrower to its top, where round about was
a corrugated or curled Ledge or band, fomething like a Cocks-Comb, Con-
vex on one fide, and Concave on the other, which Scamen faid was for its
more convenient failing ; all this pact of it was of a purple and bluifh colour
and Pellucid ; the other part was a great number of blackith and Red Fibres,
Strings or Cirrhi; they were long and White, here and there Purple, having
feveral Knots like Nits on it, taking their Original from the bottom of this
Bladder, which if ftretched were {everal Fect long, but if curled up were
very fhort, ftinging much worfe than Nettles, whence it 1s by fome reckoned
Poifonous. ‘They are very often to be met with at Sea, and Seamen do affirm
that they have great skill in failing, managing their Bladder or Sail with judg-
ment, as may be moft for their purpofe, according to their different Winds
and Courfes ; aliowing them more Reafon, than I, at prefent, am willing to
do of Life, there appearing to me no other parts than the Bladder and Cirrhi
abovementioned.

On Tuefday the 18. at Night we lay by, becaufe we were afraid of run-
ning upon the Ifland of Madera, or Rocks about it in the Night when dark,
being in its Latitude, or very near it by obfervation, and by the Dead-
Reckonings, Corrected by Obfervations, it appearing that we fhould be fo far
Weft as thofe Iflands are placed. But after failing feveral Leagues, next
Morning we could not make any Land, and feveral of our Seamen being of
Opinion that we were to the Weftward of it; it was evn almoft refolvd
that we fhould hold on for Barbadocs the neareft way, fecing with this Wind
we could not eafily-get back thither, and that it might retard us confiderably
the going to Palma, or any‘of the Canaries ; although Frefh Water, Provifions,
and Wine were a great inducement to our going to one of them. One of
the Captains who had made many Voyages to the Canaries, being call’d, and
coming on Board with the others, (who according to their Inftructions and
Signals, were to come to confult for the Publick welfare) told the others,
that having made this Ifland ufually in his Voyage to the Cuvaries, he
knew that as yet we were not come fo far Weft, but if the Wind held we
might be there to Morrow; and that the Reafon to him feemed this, that
either the Ifland ought to be placed a Degree more Weft ; or that we, as
every Body elfe, failing through this Sea at this time of the year had met
with Wefterly Winds, which bringing great Seas, and makinga Current which
always goes with Wind; * and there being in the Ocean, we had faild
through a great!Current of Water to the Eaftward, he thought we had
had more Lee Way than we had allowed for, and been more Eafterly car-
ried than we computed, and therefore advifed that we fhould perfift till
Night, then lie. by for fear of the worft; which on his. pofitive affirmation
we.did, and on Thurfday the. 20th: about Twelve at Noon we made the
Defarts, which~are three {mall Iflands or great Rocks, lying on the Eaft
fide of the Mand of Madera about Three Leagues from the Land. . Being a-
bout Ten Leagues from it, we came in fight of Porto Santo, an Ifland be-
longing to the Portugucfe, Three Leagues long, and one and a half broad, in

3°. North Lat. Twelve Leagues to the North-Eaft of Aadera.\, It had Five
eicices Inhabitants, and yet was taken by Preftom with Sixty Men, as Da-
vies tells us, Purchas,579.. It was firtt Difcovered according to Fo. de Barres,
by Giovan Confalvo Larco, and 7rsftan Vaz, who: were fent out to difcover
Guinea beyond Cape ‘Bajador, and were carried againft their intention by a
Tempeft to Porto Saxto, which they called fo for their being faved thereby
from Shipwreck. They return’d to Portugal, and gaye an account of it,
and went thither again with Three Barks, one Bartolomeo Pereftrello (whole
Widow Chriftopher Columbas. married) joyning with them : they carry’d Fenils

an

A Voyage to JAMAICA. 9

and Seeds, with a Rabbit big with Young, which multiplicd fo fatt as in
two years its Offipring deftroy’d every thing was planted in the Ifland.
Barros cap.2, Dec. i.

When Pereffrello was return’d to Portugal, Triftan Vaz, and Giovanni Con
falvo Zarco, difcover’d Madera from Porto Santo, it appearing as a Cloud. Of the firft
It was almoft every where full of Wood (as moft uninhabited Countries are ) difcovery of
and peopled in 1420. Confalvo to free it of Wood fet Fire to it, it burnr Porto Santo
and deftroy'’d fo the Woods that the Inhabitants {oon wanted for making their 2#4 Ma
Sugars, and were commanded to Plant. /b. cap. 3. dera.

We lay by all Night, and the next Morning being Friday, Ocfober 21. and
Sixteen days from Plymouth, we came to Anchor in the Madera Road, the
Caftie bearing North, diftant one Mile, in Forty one Fathom Water.

The Ifland Madera, was fo called from its being all Woody that word in
Portuguefe fignifying Wood. When the Trees were fired, they burnt fo im-
petuoufly, that the People were forc’d to go into the Water up to their
Necks. Cadam. 105. Fo. Barr. Dec.1. Tt was difcovered by Macham in 344.
which was before that of Giovanni Confalvo, according to Galvanos F or-
tugal Chronicle, Purchas, p. 1672. It is Situated in 32°. 30’. of Northern
Latitude, 9°. fome odd Minutes Weft of the Lizard, is high Land, very
rocky and fteep, fix Leagues broad, and eighteen long ; inhabited by Por-
tugue(e, and Populous, having about, at prefent, Eighty thoufand Inhabi-
tants, whereof Fifty thoufand are Communicants, that is above Eight years
old. It has a healthful Air, fome People living here to an Hundred years o¢ ;5¢
of Age. It is fruitful in Cattle, viz. {mall Cows, Swine and Sheep, the Name, Air,
latter being Lean, and having long Wooll, almoft like to that of Goats, not Inbabitants,
curled as our Sheep. The Air here is very Temperate, refrefhed for Nine &c. of Ma-
Months of the Year by a Sea-breeze in the Day, from Eight in the Morning ¢eta.
till Four in the Afternoon, and a Land-breeze in the Night, from Eight at
Night to Four the next Morning ; between which Breezes generally there is a
Calm: from the latter end of November till the beginning of March, the Wind
is at between South and Weft, and then the Weather is ftormy, making great
Shipwrecks in the Harbour of the Principal Town Funchal, it being expofed
to thofe Winds, and only fecure in one place, where a Rock Perpendicular
and high, keeps off the force of the Wind from Ships Riding between it
and the Shore. Some few Years before I was here, the moft part of the
Ships in this Harbour had fuffered Shipwreck, the Winds being violent, and the
Water fo deep, that the Cables cannot fo firmly hold as in other Roads, whence
Ships are forc’d to put to Sea on any extraordinary puffs of South-Wefterl
Winds, the danger of which frighting Seamen, does not a little hinder the
Trade of this Ifland. Ihe Winters are here fo Temperate, as that ufually no
Snow lies, except on the top of she Mountains, neither is Hail very com-
mon, though the Winter in the Year 1683. which was fo extraordinary hard
to Europe, reached this Place likewife, the Inhabitants affuring me they had
not felt the like. So I find by Smith, that in 1607. there was an extraordi-
nary Froft in Europe, and that it was as extreme in Virginia, P. 21. And
fo it happens when there is very hard or extraordinary Weather in one place,
it generally is fo in others, contrary to what one would think. They have
Apples, Pears, Walnuts, Chefnuts, Mulberries and Figs; ofour European Fruits
in great quantities, Apricocks and Peaches growing Standard Trees, ripening
their Fruit without the help of a Wall, as alfo Bonano’s, Plantains, Oranges,

Lemons, Citrons, éc. Common to the hotter parts of the World ; fo that
this Ifland feems to be. fit for producing the Fruits of both Hot and Cold
Countries: of the firft in its Valleys or lower Land, and of the laft in the
tops of the Mountains, where ‘tis much Colder, and where many latge Chef-

D nut

IO

AVoyageto JAMAICA

Of tbe
Wines of
Madera.

nut Trees grow. The greateft part of the Ifland is one very high Hill, reckoned
four Miles from bottomto top, which for the moft part is clouded, the defcent
of which being very fteep, makes the {mall Rivers very rapid, and their Cliffs
or Banks very perpendicularly high. ‘This Ifland is very fruitful, having for-
merly furnifhed great quantities of Sugar which was here planted, and was at
firft excellent, and yet what they have here is extraordinary but very little ;
the Reafon of which is, that there are fo many Sugar Plantations in the
Weff-Indies, tis not worth their while to make ir, although being once refin’d
or clayed ‘tis very White, and one Pound of it will do as much as a Pound
anda half of any other; fo that although they make fome which is dearer,
yet they find fo much more Profit in manuring their Vines, that they fcarce
make what is fufficient for their own Spending in their Families and Sweet-
meats, but buy that of their own Plantations in. Brafl for that purpofe.
The greateft part of this Ifland is at prefent planted with Vines, the Soil
being very proper, for it is rocky and fteep; they keep their Vines very low
with Pruning, in that agreeing with the Culture of the Vines in France, as
alfo in that thefe Wines grow on the fame Soil with thofe moft efteemed there,
asthe Hermitage Wines, which grow on the rocky fteep Hills on the fides of the
Rhofne. The Grapes are of three forts, the White, Red and great Mufcadine,
or Malvafia ; of which three the firft are moft plentiful, for out of the White
is made the greateft quantity of Wine, which is made Red by the addition of
fome Tinto, or very Red Wine made out of the Red Grapes, which gives ita
deeper Tincture than that of Champagne, and helps it to preferve it felf much
better. It is fufficiently known that White-Wines, generally {fpeaking, perith
very foon, and that Red ones are much eafier preferved, the deeper their
Tin@ture be; fo in France they fuffer the Husks or Skin, and Juice of the
Grapes to lie longer or fhorter time inthe Cyve together after bruifing, ac-
cording to the Stipticity or Tinéture they defire, or which is all one, the time
they would have their Winesto keep. The Virgin Wine, or that made of the
Juice running of the Husks immediately without ftanding or preffure, is foon
ready to drink, fine, and very foon perifh’d, the Husk impregnating the Wine
with fomething equivalent to Hops inBeer. The fame likewife happens in Oil
Olive ; for it is to be obferved, that that fort of Oil void of all manner of
Taft and Smell, call’d Virgin Oil, which runs off the Olives without preffing,
will without the addition of Salt, in two Months turn rancid, whereas that
which has by ftrong preffing and ftanding been impregnated with fome {mall
parts from the Rind, or Stone of the Olive and Kernel, isable to keep fora
very long time without any addition. The Malvafia or Wine made of the Muf-
cadine Grape, does not keep, but Pricks very foon, and fois made in very {mall
quantities. The great quantity of Wine here made, is that of the White
mixt with a little Tinto, which has one very particular and odd Property,
that the more ’tis expos’d to the Sun-beams and heat the better it is, and in-
ftead of putting it in a cool Cellar they expofe it to the Sun. It feems
to thofe unaccuftomed to it to have a very unpleafant Taft, though fome-
thing like Sherry, to which Wine it comes near in Strength and other Pro-
perties. It is Exported in vaft quantities to all the We/-Jndia Plantations,
and now of late to the Zaf ; no fort of Wine agreeing with thofe hot Places
like this.

They have herefome Corn of their own growth, about as muchas may main-
tain them four Months of the year, but moft comes to them from Daztzick,
Ireland, New-England, &c. in Exchange for their Wines to be carried to the hot
Eaft and Weft-Indies, and fome few Sweet-meats, as-Marmelade of Quinces,
Citron-Pills,éc. which they here make up with Brafl Sugar, or that of their
own Ifland. ‘The Sea round this Ifland is very deep, (as it is in moft places

where the Land is high) within a Mile of the Shore ’tis Fifty Fathom sea
an

~ AVoyage 0 JAMAICA. a1

and one quarter of a Mile further to Seaward ‘tis Fifty more. In deep Water
the colour of itis Blue, and in fhallow Green. It feems to me that the diffe-
rence of the Colour of Sea-water (without troubling our {elves with many Opi-
nions about it) comes either from the depth of it, which when very deep
and diaphanous is of a deep Blue as the Sky when clear, or if thallow it takes
its Colour from the Colour of what lies at the bottom. And that it is fo,
appears by Purchas, p. 1131. where ’tis taken notice that Water appears Red;
Green, or Dark in the Sea, according to the bottom, and that the Red-Sea
is called fo from Red Coral, or Coral-Stone lying at bottom, making the Wa-
ter, which is to be feen into Twenty Fathoms, look Red, or White. i; W hite
Sand is at bottom; or Green, if Green Oozy, Za. p. 1147 |

The Sea hereabout is very well provided with Albacores, or 7) hynni, whofe
Defcription follows. | |

This Filh was Five Foot long from the end of the Chaps to that of the
Tail, the Body was of the make and fhape of a Mackarel, being roundith
or torofe, covered all over with fmall Scales, White in fome places, and
Darker colour’d in others, there was a Line run along each fide. The coverings
of the Gills of cach fide were made of two large and broad Bones covered Albacores
with a fhining Skin, the Jaws were about Six Inches long, having a fingle 4¢{cribed.
row of fhort ftrong fharp Teeth in them, and were pointed. The Eyes were
large, and the Gills very numerous, behind which were a finall pair of Fins.
Poff annum was a Foot long Fin, about Three Inches broad at bottom, and
Tapering to the end. It had another on: its Back anf{wering that on the
Belly, and from thefé were fmall Pinauleat every Two Inches diftance to the
forked Tail, which was like a New Moon falcated, before which on the
Line of the two fides was a membranous thick horny Subftance, made up
of the Fifhes Skin, ftood out about three quarters of an Inch where it was
higheft, fomething like a Fin. It was about Three Foot Circumference a lit-
tle beyond the Head, where it was thickeft. The Eye was about an Inch
and a half Diameter. The Figure of this Fith is here added, Zab x. Fig. 1.
taken froma dried Fifh, where every thing was perfect fave the firft Fin on the
Back, which I fuppofe was accidentally rub‘d off.

It is frequently taken by Sailers with Fifgigs or White Cloath, made like
Flying-Fifh, and put to a Hook and Line for a Bait; The Flefh iscoloured, and
Tafts as the Zunmy of the Mediterranean, from whence I am apt to believe
it the fame Fifh. It is to be found not only about Spain, and in the way to
the Weft-Indies; butin the South-Seas about Guayaquil, and between Japan and
New-Spain every where.

This is called Zunnyes of Oviedo [um. p-214. Albicores of Terry,p.9. Al-
bocores of Mandel/lo, p. 196. Dolphin or Tunin of Marten, Orcynus Kondelet,
p. 249. Thunaus Gefner. 1158. Aldrovand. p. 307. Muf. fvammerd. Raii. Hift.
p.176. Tab. M.1. Corett. Lhynni Species ejufd. app. p.5. & 24. Tab. 9. No. 1.
where the Figure feemsnot good. Zhynaus Bellon. p.106. Salvian. p. 124. An
palamite of Oviedo Sum. p. 211 2? Guarapucu Braftlienfibus, an Cavala Lufitans,
noftratibus Coninghvifch. Marcgr. p.t78? Pif. Ed. 1658. p. 592 vel am Cur
vata pinima ejufd. p. 1502? Ed. 1650. p. 512. Tons of Efcarbot Nova Francia,
P. 35. du Ravencan de Luffan p.17t. An Albacoretta Pif, Ed. 1658. p.73 > Toni
di Fernan Colon vita di Uhriftof. f.r9. An Ox-Eye of Anonymus Portugal. ap.
Purchas, p. 13132 vel Toninas Ejufd. ib. p. 13142 Tunnies of Francis Gualke
Purchas,806. Albacoras Ejufd. p.446. Hakl. of Smith New-England, p. 227.
of Galvanos Purchas, in 42°. North Lat.South-Seas, p-1685. Ton ow tafard de
Cauche, p. 138. An tonine Ejufd. p» 1422 Ulaffo a Tuny Fith of Duddeley.
p.576. Albacore of Ligon.p.6. Abbeville.p.30. AnaSpanifh Macquerel of Ligon ?
Albachores Pyrard. de Laval. p.6.137.

It

I2

A Voyage to JAMAICA

It has hard Fat, Flefh of a fharp Taft, opening the Hemorrhoids either
by its Acrimony, or becaufe it breeds Melancholy Blood. Road.
They are taken by the way (to the Weft-Indies) playing about the Ships,

by Spearsthrown at them. Oviedo Sum.
They (at Maldives) are taken with White-Line, where they Boil thefe

with Dolphins and Bonetos in Sea-water, and dry them after by Fire on
Hurdles, which makes them keep a long time for Traflick. LaVal, p.1 38.
Dolphins, Boneto’s, and other Fifhes loving very deep Water, are alfo
found here. This Sea has fo great a Surff, that there is no Landing at the
Town of Funchal without taking the advantage of coming in witha Waye, |
and being pull’d on dry Land with it, from whence you are again to
be lanch’d to go on Board. The Ebbing and Flowing of the Sea is nor
here confiderable, if I remember right. There are fome few Towns in ir,
the Principal of which is Funchal or Foncal in the South-Eaft part of the
Iland. The Townhas about Ten thoufand Inhabitants, whereof One hun-
dred are forthe Governors Guard, paid by the King. The Governor of this
Ifland is a Poertuguefe {ent from Lisbon hither, and lives in the Caftle of
Funchal; he Commands on Shore, and cannot come off, having about
Twelve hundred Crowns per ann. Salary from the King, befides what he can
get by Trading. Here is a very fine Cathedral Church, and about Eighr
hundred Friars. They have here a large Hofpital, and in it a private Cor-
ner for thofe who are imcegnito to be treated for the Pox, a Diftemper
very common in this Place. The Town of Funchal is well provided with good
Water, and commanded by a Citadel, whither they retire in time of Danger.
Ic has a Cifternhew’d out of the Rock, to receive Rain-water, which maintains
many People, and is very good. They cannot Hang any here, but only
Banith to the Cape de Verd Wands. - Confidering that thisIfland had not been
very antiently Inhabited, being but difcover’d in the Fourteenth Century,
and that Common Fame relates all the Inhabitants hereof to be Criminals
banifh’d hither, I expected to have found a great deal of Barbarity and
Rudenefs here, and nothing almoft elfe; but on going afhore I was very
much difappointed, for I have not feen any where more accomplifhed Gentle-
men than here, ‘having all the Civility one could defire; but moft of them
whether bred to Letters or not, are fent for their Breeding to Portugal.
The Scholars, whether Phyficians, Divines or Lawyers, are bred up at Sa-
lamanca, and thence return in fome time for their own Ifland to live. I
met with a very Ingenious Phyfician here, who {poke good Latin, and
underftood his Profeffion very well. Their Manners are much the fame
with thofe of ‘the Portuguefe. ‘Their Women never ftir abroad but to Mafs,
and appear not in their Houfes to Company. They are very much ferv’d
by Negroes, and their Women come out of Bed the firft Week after lying
In. They carry every thing on a Log drawn by Oxen, the Country be-
ing fo fteep and rocky, and the ways narrow, that no other Carriage can go.
Every Tradefinan wears his fhort Doublet, and for the moft part black Cloak,
under it a long big hilted Dagger, with a fharp Knife in his Pocket. No Man
here dares go in the Street after “tis dark, left-any who has a grudge at him
fhould fhoot him, or left he fhould be taken in the dark for another Man. [
was told half a Piece of Eight to a Negro would purchafe any Man’s Life.
Their Bread is good, and they Eat much of it, as alfo of Poor Jack. They are
fo biggotted to their own Cuftoms, that the Soldiers before this Governor’s
time wore Cloaks, but neither himfelf wears chem, nor will he fuffer his Guards
to put them on. ‘The King has about the tenth part of all Merchants Goods
Exported or Imported into this Ifland, befides fomething to be paid the Friars.
They have here the Inquifition, and are very {trict even on Merchants them-

felyes: they compell’d the French Proteftants to change their Religion. A
few

A Voyage to JAMAICA. 13

few Leagues Weft lics Three or Four {inal!
farts, which are Til’d by Eight or Nine
them commanding the reft. The Commander {ome Years before carr ing over
his Wife and Daughters, he was kill’d, and they abus’d by the Murderers,
They make here {ome red earthen Ware which is very thin and brittle,
cooling Water, or whatever is put in them; the Red colour coming. likely
from the Iron lying in the Clay. I faw feveral pieces of Ore here which
ieem’d tobe very rich in that Metal.

People here having a great Opinion of the Skill of Englifh Phyficians, they
pray’d the Conful might come afhore and {ee thofe who were Sick, among
others they defir'd my directions in the following Cates,

A Clergy-Man of about Thirty Five or Forty Years of Age, had fome
while before been fhot at bya miftake inthe Night, by fome who took him
for one they ow’d fome Prejudice to; the Gun was loaded with fmall Shot,
which lighted about his Temples, he told me from that time he began to lofe
the fight of one Eye, till it was a while after entirely gone, and a Cataract
(which I faw) grown init; the other Eye, (which is ufual, when one is hurt) Ob/ervati-
decaying fo much that he could {carce {ee any thing with it. [told him, I ons of tbe
thought this might have been remedied if at firtt they had taken out the Difeafes of
{mall Shot, which in all likelyhood had weakned the Eye, made a. {mall Madera-
breach or (lying near it) Compreffion of the Optick Nerve, by thar
means hindering the paffage of the Images of Objects froth the Eye into
the Brain; but that now there feem’d to be no Remiedies left, but to let
fome {mall quantity of Blood, Purge with Pil. Coch. and wife Milleped:s iva
great quantitics for a good time, with a White Vitriol Water, outwardly
dropt on the Eye, to eat away the Films as much as might be. |

Many here had been very feverely Clap’d, feveral of which ( by means of
an ill-manag’d or protracted Cure) had been troubled with Carunéles and
Carnofitics, and now had great pain in making Watct, and a Stillicidinm
Urine, {o that they were forc’d to have dry Napkins applied to keep them
from being wetted and Excoriation. Thefe laft Symptoms were common té
thofe likewife who had their Carnofities eaten out of the Urethra, and curd ;
but violent pains in making Water remaining, (forwhich mott part of the: fa-
mous Phyficians of Europe had been confultedwithout fuccels,) I adviled
them to foment outwardly, to ufe inwardly large quantities of Decoctions
of Mallows, Marth-mallows, and other fuch Emollient and Anodyne things,

to Emulfions and other temperers of heated fharp Urine, and to Gam Ara:
bick powdered and taken in very large quantities.

I was defir'd by the Abbefs of the Nunnery of the Order of Santa Clara to
come to that Monaftery, and give my Opinion concerning fome undet het ¢are,
who were Sick. I was brought firft into a Room where one jay abe, and the
others retiring fhe fhew’d me a fimall Tumout upon the Os Putis, it hada {mall
blackifh {pot on the Head, and was very hard, the found very little pain in
it at mofl times, but at others when the ufed to be purged by her Catamenid,
fhe had moft intolerable trouble there, and a great Menfium Fluxus out of
that Speck, with very huge pain. There was no Livid Veins, tior any fign of
a confirm’d Cancer, but concluding itto be very much inclining that way,
I defired them in the firft place to abflain very religioufly from all outward
Applications, efpecially hot {imelling Plaifters, which they told me had done
her very much prejudice, I advifed her next to a Steel Courfe, and fome
opening Medicines, as decoc?. Amar. Milleped. caiic Purges, cc. as the way to
open Obftru@ions, fweeten the Blood, and fend it the right way, but what
fuccefs they had J know not.

po

iflands or Rocks, called the De-
Men fene from Madera, One of

E Although

14 AVoyageto JAMAICA.

Although this Climate be very hot, fome of thefe were troubled with true
Confumptions, for which I ordered them fome eafie Opiates, and other Me-
dicines. I have obferved the fame Difeafe about Moztpelier, amongft the
the Inhabitants of that place, though the Air be efteemed a Remedy for it.

But the greateft part of the Patients I had in this place were troubled with
Chlorofis, a great many of them from their Single, Melancholy, and Sedentary
Life, want of due and proper Exercife, ge. Falling into feveral kinds of
feveral kinds of Difeafes, bringing along with chem variety of Symproms,
according to the different parts of the Body on which they fell, for their
Blood wanting thofe Evacuations Nature defignd them; it is eafie to
imagine to what ill Circumftances in fome time they may be brought. |
generally for this ordered them firft bleeding, thereby to avoid the danger
there might be from too much Blood, it generally abounding in Perfons thus
Difeafed, and then after {ome Vomits, or bitter eafie Purgers, prefcribed a
Steel Courfe, with Exercife. ‘Thus having feen moft of thofe Sick in this
place, I went away after having received a very handfome and neat Treac
of Fruits, Sweet-Meats, ec. both the Preferves and Furniture of the Room
being of the Nuns own Work, than which I never yet {aw any thing of

their kinds {0 pretty.

As for the Birds of this Ifland, thofe I faw were,
Of the Birds Phaftanus, or the Pheafant.
of Madera, Perdix Ruffa, Aldrov. The Red-legg’d Partridge, which is in moft parts of
Africa, and fome about Montpelier, and in Italy.
Merula Vulgaris, or the Common Black-Bird, all three to be met with in
Europe. : ;
Paffer Canarienfis, or the Canary-Bird of Boile of Air, 178. Paxaros de
Canaria de Lopez de Gomara, cap.rr4. Canary-Birds of Galvanos, Port. Chron.
Parchas. 1673. They are here in the Fields in Flocks, fitting on the ripe-
headed Thiftles and Plants, feeding on their Seeds, and making a noife
not unlike, but much pleafanter than our Sparrows. Thefe Birds are brought
into Europe in great quantites, and fold for Singing-Birds to be kept in
Cages, but thofe of thefe Iflands are fo much accu{tomed to the heat of the
Climate, that they do not thrive fo well as {uch which breed and are {ent into
England for that purpofe from Switzerland.
Wild Peacocks and Pigeons were here caught in abundance with Perches at
firft, Cadam. 105. And Peacocks are to be found now wild in fome parts of

the Continent of Africa.

The Plants I gathered, or faw in the Fields, were thefe.

Of the Oleaftri Species ut quidam putant, ut alii Zizyphus alba. Gen. hort. Germ.

Plants of fol. 269. Olea Sylueftris folio molli incano, C. B. Pin, p-472. Zizyphus Cap-

Madera, padocia quitnfdam, olea Bohemica, J. B. Oliva Bohemica five Eleagnos, Math.
ed, Bauh. p.174. Lugd. p. 11!.

Lapathum pulchrum Bononienfe finuatum, J.B. Fidle Dock.

Fa[minum tertinm feu humilius magno flore, C.B. p. 398. Catalonicum. Park.
Parad.

Arum maximum Zgyptiacum, quod vulgo Volocafia, C. B, Pin. p.195. This
is here planted by River fides in great quantities for the Roots fake, which
is eaten, and very much efteemed, the leaves being good for nothing but.
to wrap up things in. . enigd

Arundo Donax five Cypria Dod. p. 602. Arundo domeflica Matth. Acva%.
Donax fativa noftras, Adv. Lob. cy Pen. p. 27. Lugd. p..999. Arundo fr
cunda fativa (eu Donax Diofcoridis x Theophraft, C. B. Pin. p. 17. Arundo

Quarta aquatica que Donax vocatur, Lon, fol. 173. Arando vel harundo magna
textoribus

AVaageto JAMAICA. 1s

= - =

textoribus experta Geln. Hort.Ger
and Cane.

Ruta quarta feu ruta fylveftris miner, C.B, Pin, P- 336. Ruta fylveftris per
omnia fimilis Hlortenft {ed undiquague minor, Gen. Hort. Germ. fal. iy aA a
tula fylueftris Pene ¢ Lobelii, Lugd. p. 973. Ruta fylveftris tenuifolia, C. B.
Not. Math, Pp. 541. Ruta [ylveftris Lob. Ruta fylvcftris minim. Dod, Pp. 426.
Sylueftris montana ruta, Bod. Stapel not. in Theoph. p.798. Ruta fyiveftres.
Trag. p. 69. ie

LLypericon minus. Dod. p.75. Flypericon extguum, Trag. p. 74. Elyoericum
quintum fen minus [upinum, vel [upinum clabrum, C. B. Pin, p. 279. Supinum
glabrum, Ger. Hypericum minimum Septentrionalium, Bod. a Stapel not. in
Lheophraft. p.1o50. The leat trailing St. Fobe’s Wort.

Mufcus marinus plumiformis ramulis & Solits denfiffimis capillacets. Cat. pl.fam.p.6. Tab.?.Fig.\
This from a broad bafe fticking to Stones, or other Solids at the bottom of the
Sea, rifes to be about three Inches high, being divided into feveral Branches, and
they into Twigs, which were fubdivided into {mallet Branches, fet with long
round fhort Leaves, no bigger than Hairs, coming out of oppofite fides of
the middle Rib or Stalk, of a glue or dark yellowith colour, which did not
crackle under the Teeth; they look jut like Feathers, and were miore
thick branch’d and fer with Twigs than any of the Abies-Marina-Belgica-
kind I ever faw. ) |

I found this thrown up by the Waves on the Shore of the Ilaid of
Madera, near the Town of Funchal,

Lenticula paluftris fexta vel LEegyptiaca, five ftratiotes aquatica felits {edo mas
jore latiorzbus, C.B. pin. p. 362. For the fynonimous names of this Plant,
as of the others here mentioned, I refer the Reader to my Catalogue of Fa-
maica Plants, p. 11. to which he may fubjoin Levticula paluftris ex infula Fa-
maice, fedi arborefcentis folio fubrotundo molli. Plubenet. Alm. p. 401. ;

I found chis Plant either in the Ifland of Madera'or Barbados floating on’ Tab.>.Fig 2,
the Water, having feveral Capillary brown Fibres for its Roots, and appear-
ing Nerves on the upper fides of the Leaves, which becaufe, it feems to
differ very little from that of Alpinus, this being not Hirfute, T take to be
the fame, and his differing from that of Veflingius but in little, 1 think them
not to be two Plants.

It is ufed for the fame Difeafes as Plantain, either outwardly or inwardly
in Juice or the Powder to a Drachm.

Becaufe there is no account of the Seeds of this, or whether it has any or
no, I think this a more proper name for it thanthat of Stratiotcs.

Hemionitis Afari folio, Cat. pl Fam. p.14. Filix hemionitis dicta Maderenfts,
pediculis [plendentibus nigris, crenatis foliis Alavi rotundioribus crenarum {ecmentis
oblongo quadratis ob femina adnafcentia per ambitam circumcirca reflexiss Plukenet.
Alm, p.155. Tab. 287, Fig. 5. ; aay

The Root of this moft elegant Plant” was made up of many brown Fibrils,
which towards the Surface of the Earth were covered with a Ferrugineous
Down, the Stalks were many from the fame Root, blackith, round and
fhining , about feven Inches high, on the top of which was a round
Leaf, exactly like that of Afarum, about, two Inches Diameter, having
Veins running from the top of the Foot-Stalk as from a common Centre
through the Leaf, which was of the confiflence of Lfemionitis or Lin-
gua Cervina, Round the edges on the under-fide lay the Seed in a Welt,
being Ferrugineous, as of other Ferns, and making the Leaf appear as if it
were indented. : Sh56 .

{t was brought from’ Madera to Dr. William Sherard, by one fent to that
Ifland in fearch of Plants for Sir Author Rawdon, and by him given me.

Lonchitis alpera Maranthe, J.B. Rait Hiff. p. 139.

fol. 248. The great Spanifh or Cyprus Reed

Adiantum

16 A Voyage to JAMAICA.

Adiantum ramofum majus, foli few pinnulis tenuibus longis profunde laciniatis
obtufis, Cat.pl. fam p.2r2. An Filix ramofa Canarienfts rute murariea pinnulis
anguftis, altius incifis, media cofte alternatim alligatis. Plukenet. Almag. p. 156.
Tab. 291. Fig. 2? | |

Tab.2.Fig.3. This rifesto be a Foot and ahalf, or two Foot high, having a reddifh pale
brown Stalk, cornered in the infide, and round on the other, at Nine Inches or
a Foots diftance from the Ground branchd ; thofe Branches undermott, or.
next the Root, being the largeft about a Foot long having their Twigs, on
which ftand the Pivaule or Leaves alternatively, they being long, thin, pale
green coloured, and divided into long blunt narrow Sections or incifures, by
{everal very deep Lacinice. ,

Jt grew in the Ifland of Madera, about half a Mile beyond the Town of
Funchal, by a Road fide going towards the Mountain.

Gramen paniceum {pica fimplici levi. Raii Hift.

- Gramen daétylon Siculum multiplici panicula {picis ab eodem exortu geminis. Raii
Hift.p.1271. Plukenet. Tab. 92. Fig... |

Gramen tremulum maximum. C.B. Raii Hift. p. 1274. |

Gramen miliaceum anguftifolinm altum locuftis minimis, Cat. pl. fam.p.35.° An
Gramen montanum panicula miliacea {parfa, C.B. prod. p.17 2 pia. p. 82 Theat. bot.

.131?

Tab2. Fig4, ; this had a round fmallhard green Stalk or Culmus, frequently jointed, at
each joint, having three or four Inches long narrow graffie Leaves, and rifing
to be four or five Foot high, the Panicle was about fix Inches long: The little
Twigs or Strings going out of the upper part of the Ca/mus, and to which
the Locufte were faftened were about two inches long, taking their begin-
ning from the fame part.of the Stalk, flanding round about like fo many
Rays from the Centre, at about an Inch diftance more or Ie{S from one ano-
ther after the manner of Oats. The Locu/fe were not Scaly, but ftanding fingly
by one another, being many and {mail, having within clay-coloured G/ume or
Chaff, one fhining roundish {mall Seed, like that of Millet. This fame
Plant which grew of Jralian Seed in Oxford Garden, being given by Dr. She-
yard, who found it in /taly, to Mr. Bobart, was much largcr by Culture,
than the fame Wild.

Gramen avenaceum, panicula minus fparfa, cujus fingula grana, tres ariftas lone
gilfimas habent, Cat. pl. Jam. p. 35.

This Grafs had a Panicle of about fix Inches long, not very fparfe, when
ripe of a reddifh yellow colour, the Spikes were placed alternatively at long

Tab.2. Fig... Intervals, and had fet on them by {mall Foot-ftalks feveral very long Grains,

and 6. each of which had on their uppermoft ends three very long Ari/te, by which
it may be {ufficiently diftinguifh’d ; the G/ume were of the fame colour with
the Panicle, and not awned: the Spikes were not many in number,

CUrtica, caule lignofo, foliis tenuioritus atrovirentibus, Cat. pl. fam. p.38. An
urtica wrens ramofa Lufitanica Comm. Cat. Amff. p. 369.

This had an upright corner’d woody Stem,folid, and having a Fungous Pith,
being cover’d witha {mooth reddifh brown Bark, rifing two or three Foot
high, having Joints and Branches fet oppofite to one another, on which ftand
likewife oppofite to one another at the Joints the Leaves on three quarters
of an Inch long, Foot-ftalks. They are very thick fet with burning fimall
Prickles, being Inch long, and three quarters broad at round bafe where
broadeft, from whence they decreafe to their ends, being very much cut in,
on the edgesthin, and of a dark green colour.

This (which comes fo very near the Urtica urens minor, C.B. that I doubt if
it differ any otherways than in its Stature and Duration from it) found on
the Madera Ifland, near the Town of Funchal.

Perficaria

A Voyage to JAMAICA 17

Perficaria procumbens longiffima, anguftifolia, non maculofa, [pica lonziori, laxi-
ori & graciliori. Cat. pl. Fam. p. 48. 7

The Root of this Plant has feveral Protuberancies here and there, as alfo
great numbers of redifh Brown Strings or Filaments {cattered up and down Tab. 3.Fig. 1,
in the muddy ground. The Stalks are {pread round, traili
of ' , they are round, redifh, {mooth,
jointed at every Inches interval , having a {welling
near the top one Leaf, exaétly like that of the ordin

having two prickly

ends, very like to the Perficaria pufilla repens. Ger. emac. only the Stalks are

much longer.
It grows in the Ifland of Madera, in a Rivers Bank, half a Mile beyond the
Town of Funchal towards the Mountain, and in Jamaica onthe moift muddy
low Banks of the Rio Cobre, cc. very Copioufly.
Blitum vulgare minus furrectum. Munt. Pe. cult. p.291. An Blitam Vircinia-
num Polypermon erecum viride D. Sherard, Plukenct. Alm, p: 682
The other Syzonyma of this Plant, and of the reft hereafter mention’d may
be feén in my Catalogue of Famaica Plants.
I found it in the Madera Mand near the Town of Funchal, and it differed Tab.3.Fig 2.

in nothing from the ordinary wild {mall white Blite, only it feemed to be
more erect.

Pfyllinm majus erectum, C.B. J.B. Raii Fiift. p. 881.

Convolvulus althee foliis Cluf. rar. pl. hift. lib.4. p. 49. |

1 found this plentifully in Afadera Mand near the Town of Funchal.

It is good to cure Wounds, Clu/.

Salvia major, folio glauco, ferrato. Cat pl. Fam. p. 64. | rae

This hath fquare whitifh or glaucous Stalks, rifing two or three Foot Tab. 3. Fig.3s
high, having two Leaves ftanding oppofite to one another ; on Inch Foot-
ftalks, being two Inches long, and one broad near the Bafe where broadett,
being cut in very deep on the edges, of a dirty green colour on the upperfide,
and very white underneath, having one middle, and feveral tran{verle Ribs.

It grew near Funchal in the Mland Afadera, where | gather'd it without
‘Flowers or Seed, fo that Iam not able to determine its Family ; perhaps it
may be a Marrubium nigrum, or of {ome other kind.

Lforminum luteum glutinofum, C.B. Raii Fliff. p. 5.47. Colus Fovis Ger. p. 769.

Origanum picis latioribus. Cat. pl. Jam. p65. An origanum Maderenfe nos
ftrati fimile odoratins capitulis albicantibus Pluken. Alm. p. 273.2.

I found this wild in Adadera Wand ; it has very broad Spikes in which it
feems chiefly to differ from Oviganum vulgare.

Fledera terreftris. Cafalp. p. 453.

I found this in the Ifland Afadera near the Town of Fuachal.

They ufe to Boil it in their Flefh Broths in Germany, Cord.

Trifolium bitumino{um feu trifolinm ceruleum aut violacenm bitumen redolens.
Morif. iff. pl.part.r. p. 136. :

I found it in the Ifland Madera, The Seed from /taly, in Germany produces
one with the fmell and taft, but the Seed of the German Sown has neither taft
nor {mell, C. B.

Fumaria quinta few lutea, C. B. pin. p. 1.433

Geniftella tincforia Ger. p. 1316.

Scorpioides bupleuri folio, C.B, Raii p. 031,

Cicer fatiuum, C. Be Raii Lift. p. 917.

F 7 ithyma-

18

AVoyageto JAMAICA

Tab.4. Fig.y,

Tab.4. Fig.2.

Tithymalus perennis C procerior lini folio acuto. Cat. pl. Jam. p. 82. Tithy-
malus dendroides Linarie foliis ex infula Canarina, Pluken, Alm. p. 369. Phyt.
Tab. 319. fig. 5. An Tithymalus linaria folio lunato flore Morif. hort. Blozf.
?. 3432 An Tithymalus Tingitanus linarte foliis lunato lore. Hlerm. cat. pl.

. 6002 Tithymalus Tingitanus elatior lunato flore linaria foliis creberrimis
Plukenet. Alm. p.372 2 This feem’d to differ in nothing from the Zithyma-
lus annuus lini folio acuto Magnol. in Botan. Monfp. but in this that the Stalks
were higher and woody. | |

Plantago quinquenervia cum globulis albis pilots, J. B. tom. 3. lib, 31. p. 504.

Caryophyllus barbatus fylueftris annuus latifolins multis capfulis fimul junttis do-
natus. Morifon. Fift. pl. part. 2. p. 5 68.

Lychnis hirfuta quarta, feu fylveftris lanuginofa minor, C B, pin. p. 406.

Ciftus folio oblongo, intcgro, glabro, fubtus alvido, vafculis trigonis, Cat. pl.
Fam. p. 86. Edypericum feu Androfemum magnum Canarienfe ramofum copiofs
floribus fruticofum. Pluken. Alm. p.189. Phyt.Ta>. 302. Fig. 1. An Flypericum
(eu Androfemum Canarienfe non fetens capitulis breviorilus filamentis dovatis,
D. Bobart. ejufd. ib ?

This Shrub was five or fix Foot high, having a folid Stem covered with a
light brown reddifh fmooth Bark, and towards its top being divided into ma-
ny Branches going out oppofite the one to the other, having likewife Leaves
fet on them one againft another, fome being larger than others. ‘The largeft
are about an Inch long, half as broad in the middle where broade‘t, fmooth, —
whole, of a pale green colour above, and white underneath, with one middle
Rib, and fome tranfverfe Nerves, going from it to the fides of the Leaf, ap-
pearing on its under fide. It has no Foot-flalk but out of the 4/e of the
Leaves towards the top rifes many brown Stalks fupporting Flowers which are
whitifh with many Stamina, f{urrounded by a Pentaphyllous Calix, after which
come Heads of the fame colour, as big as a {mall Pea, being roundifh, tho
acuminated at top, made up of three Loculaments or Cells, having cach
on his top an Apex. In each of thefe Heads lies great quantity of {mall ob-
long Afh coloured Seed. The Head bruifed {mells very {wect. |

It grew beyond the Town of Funchal towards the Mountain, on each fide
of the Road, inthe Madera Mland.

Geranium Althee folio, C.B. Raii Hiff. p.1055.

Apocynum fruticofum, folio oblongo, acuminato, floritus racemofis. Cat. pl. Fam.

This had woody Stalks round, and of the bignefs of a Hens Quill, covered
with a reddifh brown Bark, the Wood being folid and white, having Leaves go-
ing out at about anInch diftance, always oppofite to one another; they ftand
on half a quarter of an Inch Foot-f{talks, are two Inches long, and about three
quarters of an Inch broad, near the middle towards the Bafe where broadeft,
and whence they decreafe, ending in a point which is not very fharp: there
is one middle Rib, and feveral tranfverfe ones running through the Leaf,
which is undivided, fmooth, of a yellowifh pleafant green colour. Lx
alis foliorwm, toward the tops come three’ or four Inch long petiel, which
are branched, and fuftain feveral very finall Flowers.

I cannot exactly remember the place where I gathered it.

Trifolium coe corniculatum luteum minus repens cy etiam procumbens. Morif.
Eiift. pl. p. 183.

It takes out {pots of Linnen, Cam.

Feniculum vulgare. Ger. emac. p. 1032.

I found this in the Madera Mland very plentifully.

Bupleuron primum five folio rigido, C.B. pin. p. 278.

I found this in fome of the Iflands going to Jamaica, but where Ido not
remember. |

"Tis a Sallet Herb, Cefalp. Buplenrum

A Voyage to JAMAICA. IQ

Bupleurum tertium minimum. Col. min. cogn. ftirp. p, 85, chrar
tea ane ja tomef the Ma bs which remeber
AVHS. Uel7. 2 ft. 267. 7) £ go i
flore amplo cdorato. Boecon de Plant. Sic. p. go ? ecm
I found a Plant, fomething higher than the ordinary Heliotropium majus
is, in Madera VWland, but I take it notwithftanding to be the {ame only
it varied in Stature from the Soil, being in every thing elfe the fame.
Solanum nonum feu fruticofum bacciferum, C. B. pia. p. 166.
Afparagus maritimus craffiore folio, C. B. pin p 490.
Clufius feems to make this a diftinét Plant from the prat. & marit. Laying
they were differing though in the fame place.
FTieracium ftellatum J.B. tom. 2. lib. 24.p. lord.
Flieracium fruticofum foltis tenuiffime coronopi modo divifis. Cat. pl. Fam.
p.123. An Enieracium frutico[um foliis anguftifimis non defcriptum. Hort. Luz:
Bat, Rati Hift. p. 239 2 Hieracium fruticofum anguftiffima incano folio. Herm.
cat. pl. p. 316 ?
From one fingle, three or four Inches long, crooked, Root, rifes a woody,
folid, crooked, round, light brown Stalk, three Foot high, having feveral Tab. 5. Tig.
{mall Branches towards the top, and now and then tufts of Leaves, fome big- 1, 2.
ger, others {maller, but all of them divided or laciniated very minutely, al-
moft into Hairs like the Leaves of Coromopus Rucllit or Sophia Chirurgorum.
The Flowers are feverals at top, ftanding within a Calix made up of a great
many fmall, long, and narrow Leaves, which are reflected when the Seed
arc leaving many {mall black: Pappous Seeds to be carricd away with the
Wind. |
Ic grew on the ftony Hills to the Eaftward of the Town of Fuzchal in
the Ifland of Madera.
Alypum, five Herba terribilis proceriar, cortice cinereo fcabro, folio acuminato
longiore. Cat. pl. fam. p.124. : 7
This rofe much higher than the Herba terribilis Narbonen[um, having a hard
white Wood with a large Pith, a Scatrous or unequal light brown or grey
Bark, the Branches towards their ends were very thick fet with Leaves with- 72.5, Fig.3.
out any order: they were two Inches long, and athird part of an Inch broad
in the middle where broadeft, being narrow at the beginning, increafing to
the middle, and ending in‘a point, equal at the edges, with one middle Rib,
and feveral tranfverfe ones of a yellowifh grecn colour. Towards the tops of
the twigs ex alis fol. come the Flowers, being feveral Heads round or Spheri-
cal, made up of many very {mall blue Flowers, with their Stamina {er round
very clofe together in the fame Head, to which follows a very {mall grey Pap-
ous Seed, all over downy. oe 2
Helichryfum fecundum feu Felichryfo Sylueftri flore oblongo fimilis, C. B_ pin
p. 265. prod. p.123. Facea Stechadis citrine folits pralongis pancis capitulo mis
nore {ubrotundo afpero, Pluk. Alm. p.19}3. : C
It is good in Decoétions for the Colick, Cluf.
Gaaphalium ad S tachadem citritam acced:ns, J.B. tom. 3. lib. 26. p. £60.
T found this both ramofe and not ramofe. Pier ieee
Chryfanthemum aquaticum Cannabinum folio tripartite divifo. Herm. cat. pl
p.146. An Enpatorium aquaticum Virginianum. Park. p.596 2 Chryfant hemum V ire
ginianum bidens cannabinum Pluken. Alm. p 100 2 aon :
Erica folio coridis fexta, feu major fcoparia foliis deciduis, C. B. pia. p. 485.
pis non [pinofa prima, feu angulofa ou feopar ia, C. B. pin. P: 395-
ommon-Broom. |
The Flowers are eat in Sallets, although two Ounces of the Seed Decocted
are a Vomit Afef but not more than Radifhes, cc. Lob. ‘The water of the

Flowers, or half a Dram of the Seed beaten, are good againft the ie her

2O

A Voyageto JAMAICA.

Tab.§.Fig.4.

Myrtus feptima, feu fylveftris foliis acutifimis, C.B pin. p. 469.

I found this very plentifully growing wild in the Hedges by the way-
fides in the Ifland of Madera. This is ufed for Currying Leather, as Rhus
or Lentisk, Cafalp. The ripe Berries are ufed for Sauce, Muth. Before Pep-
per was found, as Pliny tells us, the Fruit of this was made ufe of in its

lace.

" Lycium felio oblongo, ferrato acuminato {pinis minoribus armatum. Cat. pl. Fam,
p.t71. This feemed to differ very little from the common Lycium, only the
Leaves were longer, ferrated, and pointed, and the Prickles were not {o
large.

Palms prunifera foliis yucce, fructu in racemis congeftis ceraft formi, duro,
cinereo, pift magnitudine, cujus lachryma fanguis draconis eft dicta. Comm. cat.
Amff. p. 260. An Dragon-Tree of Dampier, cap. 16 2

I foundthis in the Ifland of Afadera in the Hedges very plentifully though
not very large. It is found in the Ifland Socotcra, Borneo, Canaries, Madagaf-
car, and ( Aluife de cadamofto ap. Ramn, pr. vol. p. 105.) at Porto Santo, where
they cut the Trees at the Feet, and next Year find the Gum, which they
Defecate in Water by Boiling and Purging. The Fruit is Yellow and Ripe
in March, and good to Ear. ;

The Tree is pierced near the bottom, and fo yields the Gum. The Fruit
Cools and Alters, and is proper in Fevers. Cinaber du Diofcorid. Thevet.

It is adulterated with Rufrica and Colophony. Cafalp.

Lobels Leaf is the Spatha in all likelihood. Lugd.

The Gum is ufed by Gold{miths for a Foile and Enamel, and by Glafiers
for colouring GlafS, Park.

It is ufed to ftrengthen the Gums and Teeth, in bloody Excretions,
Fluxes, crc. Fen/t.

Opuntia maxima, folits majoribus craffioribus & atrovirentibus, |pinis minoribus
ce pauctoribus obfitis. Cat. pl. fam. p.195. An ficus Indica feu opuntia maxima,
folio {pinofo latiffime c longiffimo. Herm. cat. pl. p. 243 ?

This Zrdian Fig was in every part exa@tly the fame with the Common,
only each Leaf was broader, thicker, of a darker green colour, and not {o
prickly, having a very few white, fhort Prickles; and f{ometimes only one
coming out at a hole very tike that kind on which comes the Cochincel, only
it is not quite fo free of Prickles as thar. :

It grows in a Gully near the Town of Funchal in Mad-ra, and in the Cu
naries.

On Sunday 23. Having taken Wines and fome frefh Provifions on Board,
we weighed Anchor and fet Sail, we having little Wind ; two days after we
faw the Body of the Ifland, being about Twenty five Leagues, or Seven-
ty five Miles from us, and then we firft took Dolphins with Fifgigs, or {harp
arrow-headed or bearded Irons, fitted with Poles of about Ten Foor long,
Lead for the more convenient ftriking them, and a Rope or Line tied
to them to hold the Fifgig, which is fhor at them by the ftrength of the
Hand when they come within reach of thofe waiting for them, ufually
on fome of the Yard-Arms, Beak-Head, or Poop; in which fifhing the
great matter feems to be to*allow for the refraction of the Water. They
were laid in wait for not only {o, but likewife with Lines and Hooks, which
were hung out baited with Rags in the fhape of flying Fith, and fo ad-
jufted asto hang fometimes to touch the Water, at others not, according
to the Waves, thereby imitating the Flying-Fith, which the Dolphins pur-
fue with great greeainefs. Dolphins are reckoned the fwifteft Swimmers
that are, their Bodies being contrived for that purpofe there is as much
pleafure in feeing them purfue the Flying-Fifh, as in Hunting or Hawk-

ing, the Flying-Fith geting out of the Water, where the Dolphins can-
not

A Voyage to JAMAICA. 21
not far purfue them. They ate likewife invited to the Waters Sur
throwing any thing vpon it, they being voracious.
oi a Ship, ‘becaule of what {craps are now and then thrown over Board; or
the Barnacles growing to the Ships fides, infomuch that I have been aflured b

fome who have failed in Guinea Ships, that they have had the fame Sholes of
Doiphins follow them for many hundreds of Leagues between Guinea and Bar-
badocs 5 and Sir Richard Hawkins, in-his Obfervations takes notice, that in fome
Voyages they had followed his Ships a Thoufand Leagues, although they
had ftrokes at them, and mark’d them {everal times with their Irons, by which
marks they knew them to be thefameDolphins. Buttel apud Purchas, likewile
teils us that aShole of Dolphins follow’d their Ship Thirty Days from S. Tome
Lo Brefile, And hence, it may be, it was this Fifh was thought by-fome to be the. Dol-
phin of the Ancients, and to be enamouredof Men, One thing very remarkable
in-this Fh, is the various Colours it puts. on before it. dies, being ufu-
ally Yellow, with ranges oc rowsof ‘mall Blue, and round {pots; which

very flrangcly change, and afford that pleafure to the Eyes, that I con-

fels I never fay any thieg of this Nature {o furprizing ; but after ail it comes
toa very light Blue Colour when Dead, which it keeps ever after. In this
property it is like the Chameleon, and this appearance {eems very much to
cepend on the firength or motions of the Spirits, and Fluids, unto. or! from
the Skia, by which its Surface is altered fo.as to make thofe feveral Pheno
amend. ddfartens tells us when Maccarel are alive they alfo: give fine Colours.

In the Dolphia we took, there was a Flying-Fith in its Belly, which wasin part

sigefled. The Fith its {elf when made ready was dry, though pretty good

Vidluals, amd well tafied. TDhe mearer the Head the more’tis priled, altho
} am apt tothink, chat if this Fith, fo much commended by Sailers, were a
Shore ina Market, where other Fifh were to be had, it would not be counted

fo great a cclicacy. There is adefcription .of it in Mr.Willughty’s Book of
Fithes, and a Figure, Zab. 0.2: which was taken’whem that Fifth was dying,
with the various {pots and colours on it : whereas that.of Pifo under the
name of Guaracapewa and Fo. de Lacts, was taken when the Fifinwas quite dead.
This is the Dorade of Lery, and moft of the French Voyagers, and the Dol-
phin of our Exglifh, and Dutch Seamen; and Sir Richard: Hawkins calls it

the Dorado of the Spaniards. Although Psfo fays that it leaps out of the
Water after the manner of Porpefles; yet TI never could obferve that, unlefs
very fclaom when having purfu'd Flying-Fifhes to the Surface of the Water,
they give a {mall leap to take them in the Air. « It may very well be'the HHip-
purus Of Rowdelerius, it having all the marks of his imperfect defcription,
though his Figure be not good.

It is the Dolphin of Drake Hakl. Part. 3. p. 732. OF Cliffe ib. p. 750. Of
Efcarbot Nova Francia, p.35. Of Hudfon Purchas, p.588. Of Ligon, p. 4.6.
— OF Fokn Davis Purchas, p.132. Of Battell wa. p.970. Of Fo. dos Sanctos, ib.
p. 1546. Dorade de Rochef. 186. de Dutertre, 212. Giltheads of Oviedo [um,
p24. Lippurus Rovdeletii Gen. Willuchbp.r13.Tab.0.2. Guaracapema Bra
filienfitus, Marcgr ed.i648. p.160. Guaracapema, Pifon.p. 48.4. 1658. Pefci
jndorati di Col. f..32- A delicately coloured Fifh pleafant to ‘look on, of Ra-
wolfe, cap.t. Ltippuris Rondeletii, ip.r55. Dorada War akapemme, Lact. p. 57%.
Dorades of Anonym. Port. Purchas, p.1313- An Aureus Pifcis, Fernandez,
7.872 Dorade de Ravencan de Laffan. p.i71. De Lery, deCauche, p. sgt Ab
beville, p. 3°. An Dauphins, Fjafd.ib? Dorado of the Spaniards of Sit Rich.
ttamkins, p. 42. Dorado of Mandelflo, p.196. Where it feems to be Con-
founded with a Dolphin. Daurade de Pyrard. de la Val. p.137. A Dolphin
OF Ainrkins,Alakl. p.5x0. ‘OF Boyle of Airsp.179. -Of Terry, p. 10.

tace by
They love the Company

Of Dolphins.

G This

22 -—« AVoyage to JAMAICA

This Fifh is found in moft parts of the Hot Eaff and Weft-/ndies, in the

South-Sea, and at the Maldives. |

Wien we were about one hundred Leagues off the Ifland Madera, we had
A Sparrow a {mall Sparrow-Hawk had been blown either by Storm, or otherwife from
Sieh Land, he lighted on the Ship, and was fo faint and fecble that he droop’d his
ee ne Wings and lock’d pitifully, he face on one of the Ropes, and would not flir
ret off till we were juft going to take hold of him, and then he would remove to

Leagues ae) |
Tad fome other place, or go to fome other of the Ships. where he could be more

fecure.
We had the Winds variable when we were in 25°. North Latitude; whereas
Tie place of in other Voyages other people have met with the Trade-Wind or Breeze in up-
meeting the wards of Thirty Degrees; but from Friday the 28.Day of Od/ober to November
Trade Wind. the 4 wehad South-Wefterly Winds, quite contrary to the Trade-Wind or
Breeze, which may be fuppofed to come from the Suns being gone to the
South this time of the Year, and probably if we had been in this Latitude,
when the Sun had been in the Northern Signs of the Zodiack, we fhould have
had the Eafterly Winds, as Seamen meet them, fometimes much to the North,
without confidering the probable caufe ; but wondering at the variety
produc’d by it.

The Fourth and Fifth we had a great Calm in about 24°. 30’ North La-
titude, withit a very great Sea, tumbling us from fide to fide of the Ship.

The Tropice- The sth. of November we faw the Tropic-Bird, or Avis Tropicorum, flying

Bird, very high round the Ship, they are very eafily known by two long Feathers
in their Tails, the Icon and defcription in Mr. Willuzhbys Book of Birds is
accurate, enough,: but to me it feems to berather of the Gull, than Duck kind.
They are.common every where between the Tropicks, and rarely {een any
where elfe, whence they have their name. !

They are ordinarily met with firft in the Voyage to the Weft-Indies, Three
hundred and fifty Leagues off of Dominica, or Defeada, towards Spain, though
in the third Voyage we made thither, we met with one in the mid-way be-
tween Spain and the Canaries, which every one wondered to fee fo near Spain.
Oviedo. I fuppofe this accident might have happened when the Sun was North of
the Equinoctial, ‘and towards the Tropick of Cancer.

The Feathers in the Tail are made ufe of as Ornamental by the Savages in
their Hair and Noftrils. Du Tertre.

This Bird is taken notice of by the following Writers.

Bird with long Tail, of Feston or Ward, Hakl. part.3.p.767. Fetu en cul
ow T oifeau de Tropic, de Du Tertre,p 276. Rabo di Giunco Col. f.29. 32. Rabo
de Funco, de Oviedo, Hift. General, lib14. cap.1. Coda di Giunco Fjufdem ap.
Ramuus, fol.t61. Aves alia rabos de Foncos ditte cauda-Funcea, Aldrov, Ornith.
Tom.3.p. 544. The Tropic-Bird of Willughby, Angl. p. 231. Tab. 76. Of
Smith Summer \fles, p. 171. Une efpece d Aigrette de Rochef. p. 165. White
Birds having in their Tails but two long Feathers of Fo. Davis, Purchas, 133.

Of Sharks, | Inthe Calms, all over thefe Seas, ’tis ordinary to have Sharks come about
the Ships, we had fome often came to ours: feveral of the Seamen imme-
diately, on their appearance, took great Fifhing-Hooks, with Iron Chains of
a pretty length, faftened to a long and ftrong Line or Rope, and baited them
with a picce of Salt Beef, or even Red Cloth, throwing it into the Sea in
their fight. They come for the moft part immediately and {wallow it, the
Seamen giving them Line to run where they pleafe, wearying and wafting
themfelves Then the Seamen pull them near the Ships fide, and throw a
Rope, with a Loop or a Noofe, into the Sea, put it about their Tails, and
fo pull them out of the Water on Board, which never could be done, (with-
out this help,) by the Hook or Line, becaufe of the great weight, and aoe

made

A Voyage 0 JAMAICA,

a a Be

23

made by the Fifh. When ’tis got on Board it makes mighty flrokes with its
Fins and Head, but moftly with his Tail, having therein a very great flrength,
which Mariners well knowing immediately cut off, and then the Arterice
by the Spina dorft {purt out vaft quantities of blood, till the Shark is weakned
and Dead. This Fifh is very well known to Natural Hiftorians by the narne
of Canis Carcharias G Lamia Rond. ¢ aliorum Gefneri 5 it has this particular to
it, with fome others of its own Tribe, rhat the Mouth jis in its under part
fo that it muft turn the Belly upwards to Prey, and were it not for thar
time that it is in turning, in which the purfued Fifhes efcape, there were
nothing could avoid it, for ’tis very quick in Swimming, and has.a vatt
ftrength, with the largeft Swallow of any Fith, and is very devouring. — It has
feveral Ducts on the Head, fill’d with a fort of Gelly, from which, being
prefs'd by the water, iflues an undtuous, vifcid, flippery, and mucilaginous
Matter, very proper to make the Fifh very glib to {ail the readier through the
Water. Moft Fifhes have fomething Analogous tothis. He had Three Rows
of moveable Teeth, and behind each Ear in a Cavity an almoft fluid Body,
Which when in its natural bignefs might be almoft round, of the bigne(S of
a Six Pence, and as thick as a Crown-piece;. this being put into Paper,
and dried a little, grows hard, and if touched falls into an extremely. fine
Powder, commended very much by ali, Seamen:in the: Stone; and difficult
Labour, as a very great Remedy, and by them very carefully raken out
and preferved : this is what is mentioned by fome Natural! Hiftorians under
the name of Lapis tuberonum, the Spanifh name for a Shark being Tituron. 1
once on opening one of the Female Sharks found the Eggs. in the Ovary
perfectly round as big as the top of oncs Thumb, and at another time the
Fetus or young ones in their Coats, lodged in the Uterus, after the manner
of our Viviparous Creatures, for upon cutting the Coats the {mall live Fifhes
came out, being able to Frisk and Swim up and down inthe Salt-Water,

They are commonly about Ships in their way to the: Zaft-and We/}-Zndies,
and about the Ifland of Famaica, and are no bad Meat, though hated. becaufe
thought to Prey on..Men ; they are of a prodigious bignefs.\in the Mediter-
TAnCAN. : j ais ‘.

Thole of Nice told Gyllius one of Four thoufand Pound weight had, been
taken wherein was a Solid Man, and thofe of Mar (eilles took one had a
lovicatum hominem in him. Arrows of Savages are fharpen’d with the Teeth of
thefe, being fharp. and venomous, fo as feldom to be cured, Lact

One bit off a Seaman by the Leg to the Thigh. Linfchor.

Mafiilie & Nice aliquando capta he homo
inventus, Rond. Wherefore he is of Opinion that this was the Fifh, in which
Fonas was for three Days and three Nights, called a Whale, the want of an
Afpera Arteria, which (i ordinary Whales is necefary for breathing ) {iraitens the
Gula, makes the Gula in this Fifh fo widethat a Man may be {wallowed entire.
The Teeth which are faid to be Serpents Tongues, are {et in Silver, and hang’d
about Childrens Necks to help their Teething, and likewife for Tooth-Picks.

They cut off with their double fers of Teeth an Arm or Leg, as with a
Rafor, and cat Turtle, which Men feed on when taken out of their. Bel
lies, Col.213.

The Skin is rough drawn from Tail to Head, from one to five Fathom
long. . It bites great pieces from Whales, as if dug out with Shovels, and De-
vours all the Fat of Whales under Water. Train Oil is made of their Livers,
and Men ear. their Flefh hang’d up; they fell them in Spain, They eat many
Men in wafhing, Martens. The Stones in the Head of this Fifh are good for
thofe who cannot make water, and for pain in the Liver, Xim. Rochefort
calls thefe Stones their Cervelle, and he as well as Du Zertre aflure us ee

ei

unt lamiein quarum ventriculo homo loricatus e

24

A Voyageto JAMAICA

4

their Liver affords great quantity of Lamp-Oil, and that they are of Eighteen

or Twenty Foot long about the Carives.
Several of them fet about one Seal to take him, encompaffing and falling

on him with their joint ftrength, Oviedo. ,

They go fatter than a Ship will Sail, as much asa Man can out-run a Boy of
Four Yearsold. They turn round the Ship, and go from fide to fide, and
from Head toStern. They follow a Ship Two hundred Leagues and may
further. Are cut in pieces, dried in the Ropes, and eat in two or three Days,
or freth with Garlick Sauce. They are not good for Paflengers. ihe ‘Males
have two Penes, in one eight Foot long, it was as long as from the Cubic
to the middle Fingers end: the Female but one Vulva. They bring Thiccy
five Young ones at a Birth alive, Oviedo. Huns i :

Divers in Pearl-Fifhing are hurt by Sharks, Lact. p. 668.

They are taken by Riverft or Remore by the Ladians, Col. £12.

They are ina Salt-Lake near the Sea in Hifpaniola, Ovied. 32. 123

They enter the Rivers, and arc no lefs'perillousthan great Lizards or Cro-
codiles, devouring Mankind: and Horfes, Ovieds fum.. © noily

They are taken once or twice with the fame Bair, Derry. cw ay 4

Thomas Smith, a Boy, {wimming about the Ship by Sxrar, had moft of the
outfide of his Thigh bitten'away, of which the died with bleeding, Parchas
Downtom, p. 505. it c 9 ET oe:

They are fifhed for Oil. One was pulled into the Sea by a Shark in che
Night, » Xxivet. |
ike at ‘one Bice within. a -SaltoLake in the Country

‘Aartyr, ° a Sih TR Bs iyi s 3 3 ch aid chs } fe
-- They are mangled and made‘a-Prey to. others of the fame Kind: Ligon.

Twas told at Montpelier there was one qheretaken it the Mediterranean Cif I
remember right) forty Foot long. ‘A:‘Man bathing hintelf by Port-Royil in
Fmaica, one {wam by him and/bitoff :great part)of- his: Breaft and Arm of
which he prefently died by the flux of Blood. sto»

This is the Zubaron or Hays of Linfchoten. Tuberones, Lact. p.571, 586
669. Shark of Zerry, p.g: Of Hfortop. Flakl. p. 487. Of William Finch.
p. 416. ‘Of Nicol. Purchas, p. 1257. Of Ligon, p. 6.. Of Smath, Summer-
Ufles, p.172. New-Enzland, p.r27. fay of Martens. -Dog-fith, called’ by the
Portugals Tubarones, Of Knivet, Purchas. Canis Carcharias. feu Lamia Ronde-
letii ¢ aliorum, Raii, p.47.7ab. B. 7. Where teems to be.a bad figure from
Gefner. Sharks of Anonymus Portugal of Braftle, Purchas, lib-7. cap. 1.p2%3) 4.
Whoitells that they Kill Mien; and.thatithey find anthem Breeches, ee: when
taken ; as alfo “that® Zrdiansiufe their Teeth for Headsof Arrows, ‘bein
poifonous, 2b. Requiem d Abbeville, p. 30. Tiburon of Gwiedo fum, p. aided 2 ihe
Lamia Rondeletii, p.390. Tiburo Ejnfdem, p. 489. where;'-im his account Gaim
Lopez, de Gomara, he ‘confoun:s the ‘Crocodiles and “Sharks. u4n° Maraxus
Ejafd.ib> Lamia of Ravolfe in the Mediterranean. Kairos, Cetas, the Whale of
Fonas, Math. cap. 2.40. Ziburoni di Fernan, Clon, f. 199 aedabed. \Canis
Carcharias, Bellon. p. 58. Lamia, Ejufd. p 98. Tiburonus: Martyr Decad. p. 25!
252. Tiburo Fernandez, p. 87. Carcharias Pifcis, Gyllit, p..587.° cup. 99. El
Tiluron de Hlernandez a Ximenes, edit. p. 182. Requiem de Rochef. 191 Du
gertre,202. de Denis, Tom. 2.272. Sharks or Tiburons of ‘Sir Fohn Fisphins
Flakl.sPart.3. p. 516. -Tiburones de Oviedo, lib. 13. -cap.(6. ec eap. fol 3 A
Shark called by the: Portucuefe Tuberones, and che -Dutch Flayes, of Mardell
p. 197. 219. Shark of Sir Rich. Famkins, p.ao. Of Fenton or Ward.
fTakl. p.767. ‘Boyle of Air, p.179. Touherans de Feynes,. p.206. ‘Lamie ke
Molinet, p..203. An Paimones.'Pyrard. de la Val, making wading from one
Méalaive Mand vo another.difieult, ip.72 ? )

We

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

We were now in very hot weather, which
not only by Sweating, but by their breaking out all over into little Whaics,

Pimples, or Puftles, (which is ordinary in other places of the fame Lati- * Great beat
tudes.*) This befides its unfeemlineS in dife

olouring the Skin, which was # Mono-
very Red, was very troublefome by

itching, and this laft fymptom was ™Otapa oc-
chiefly about the Back Bone, though fometimes thefe reddith Puftles co- “4% Pujhes
vered the whole Body, and at other times the to come out,

| were as it were all ga-
thered into one fmall Carbuncle, very uneafie ha painful, and fuch a Pitches i
one I my {elf had, on the fide of my Hand. I did not at all doubt but i556,”
that thefe Eruptions were the effe@ of the Sun Beams, which throwing in-

to our blood fome fiery parts, put it into a bris

ker motion, whereby it was
purg’d of thofe Heterogeneous and unaccuftom’d Particles it had from the

warm Sun, and ‘perhaps by that fermentation was likewife clear'd of fome

other parts might be hurtful to it, and therefore inftead of prefcribing a Re-

medy for its Cure, I told thofe who importun’d me, that I thought this Diftem-

per was the greateft advantage they could have, and that this was the effe@ of

the change of Climate, and a proper feafoning, and what might fecure them

from future Sicknefs by purging the Blood from hot and fharp parts, and ra-

ther than check it, with’d them to help the expulfion with a little Flos Sul-

phuris or any other innocent Diaphoretick. If their Humour was to be com- Of the
plied with, Bleeding firft, and then Purging were infallible Remedies, which change: ix
by cooling the Blood, diminifhing its quantity, and at the fame time making #4e Blood
an irritation on the Glands in the Guts, caufes the Humour to come that way, /7™ the al-

fo in fome meafure by artifice fupplying the natural Evacuation by the Skin. plete
But becaufe the other was Natural, and this Artificial, and not fo certain nor ¢ wilds

fafe, I was conftantly for the firft. Here were grounds to admire the contri-
vance of our Blood, which, on fome occafions, fo foon as any thing de-
fiructive to the Confltirution of it, comes into it, immediately by an Inte-
{tine Commotion endeavours to thruft it forth, and is not only freed from
the new Gueft, but fometimes likewife what may have lain lurking therein
(occafioning {mall difturbances without breaking out into any violent Difea{e)
for a great while. And from hence it comes that moft part of Medicines
when they are duly adminiftred in fuch cafes are, not only fent out of the
Body themfelves, but likewife great quantities of Morbific Matter, as may
appear very plainly in Salivation, where not only the Mercury, sbut like-
wife all’ the Humours caufing thofe dreadful Pains, Ulcets and Diforders,
are {pit out cogether with it by the help of the Bloods Fermentation, If it
be here objected that the Sun Beams are too fpiritual and cannot be thought
to be fo poyfonous: [ anfwer, that it is certain the Sun Beams when concen-
tred will do by a Burning GlafS moft, if not every thing, can be done by a
Fire, which every Chymift knows will not only add to Lead, and fome other
Bodies, thofe Particles that will weigh ina Balance, and that very confider-
ably ; but likewife will make fuch a change in Mercury barely Precipitated by
it, as to make it almoft as great a Poifonas is commonly known..
.. This alteration of the Climate was difcovered likewife by the very great Of other
and fudden Putrefaction of Urine, which in fome few Hours would {tink Figns of the
intollerably, and all other Fermenting Liquors would Sour immediately : peta
Flefh, and all other Aliments would Corrupt and Spoil likewife in a little :
time:, Tallow Candles would fcarce be able to land upright, and Butter
would be of the fame Confiftence as if half melted over a Fire in England.
itis a commonly received Opinion by fome Ingenious Men that Lice dye
oa change of the Winds from being variable to be conftant, or pafling the
Equator ; and. that to the South of the Tropick of Cancer are none to be =
found, but this notion is certainly falfe ; for although I think the great Sweat- Of Lice in
ings, and little Apparel of the Inhabitants a Travellers in the Zorrid Zone, te Tornd

occa- “ONE

25

fhow’d its felf on every one,

20

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

Tab... Fig.2+

occafion lefS difturbance from this fort of Vermine, yet Lam certain both Zn-
dians, Moors, and Europeans, who live there are fubject to them, though they
be not in fo great plently as in more Northerly Countries where the Inhabitants
Sweat lefs, and go better Cloathed, in the Plics of which Apparel thefe Crea-
tures find good fhelter. I cannot on this occafion pafs by a Matter of Curiofity
relating to the Plica Polonica, a ftrange Difeafe frequent in Poland, which comes
from the intangling many Locks of the Hair, and has very odd Symptoms at-
tend it, one of which is, that on cutting of it off, it endangers the Perfon
who had it. ‘There are feveral Opinions about it, but many belteve it to be
only the effect of Lazinefs, and not Combing the Hair; | am very apt to
believe this, becaufe Dr. Conmer gave me fome of the Plica he cut off a
Perfon in Poland, in which was an innumerable quantity of Lice and Nits
lodged amongft, and at the bottom of the Hair. “Tis very odd that when
thefe Locks are cut off they fhould grow fickly, but it may be this way eafily
anfwered, that carrying off fo much humor, or being a Neft for fo many Lice,
they do fomething like a Pea in an Iflue, difcharge the Blood, which when
it is cut off isno longer done. That Lice conftantly fuck the Blood is cer-
tain from Perfons Fluxed whofe Blood is no fooner impregnated with Mer-
cury than all thefe kind of Vermine {well, drop off, and dye.

When we came near to the Tropick we were call’d upon for our Tropick-
Money, that is to fay, we who had never before crofled that Line to the
South, muft now give either fo much Money, as by the ufage of Seamen we
fhalkbe tax’d, to make them Drink, or be duck’d thrice into the Sea from
the Yard Arm, we chofe rather the firft, and fo were free.

The fixth Day was taken a Fifh which was thought to be a Barracooda, but
was not fo, it was taken witha Flying-Fith Bait, fuch as are made ufe of for
Boneto’s. (called it Serpens Marinus, compre(]us, lividus. |

This Fifh was three Foot feven Inches long, an Inch and a half broad
near the Head, where broadeft, having a long Head, fharp, or ending in a
point, with the Mandibles Prominent, in which were many Teeth in each of
the Jaws, very fharp and threatning, the Under Jaw was longer than the
Upper, and ended in a Callous Subftance, the Tongue was bony, and fhap’d like
an Arrow-Head, the Gills very red: its Eyes wereround of an Inch Diameter :
it had two Fins at the Gills, one long one all over the Back, and one from the
Anus wav'd towards the Tail, which was forked, it was all over {mooth with-
out Scales, of a Livid colour, and its flefh was full of Bones. be:

Its Afophagus, if any, was very fhort, its Ventricle fild with fmall Fith
like Anchovies. ‘The Guts had one or two Circunivolutions. The Cecum was
very long, extending its (elf to the Avus, and ‘fill’d with the Contents of the
Stomach, its Diaphragme Membranous: its Liver large, with a Gall-Bladder,
containing in it watery Gall. ‘There were under the Guts two long Bodies
went to the Asus, which I take to be the Kidnies: It had in it two forts of
Worms, the one round and Criftalline, the other long, rowling themfelves
{pirally like a Snail.

This Fith was taken about the ‘Tropick of Cancer, with a Bait, fuch as is
ufed for Dolphins and Boneto’s, viz. a flying-Fifh, or Hook drefled like it.

It was a great difpute among the Seamen whether it fliould be eaten or
not; moft People faying its Livid colour was a fufficient Argument againtt
it; but this is no manner of Reafon, for Fifhes much Swarthier are eaten in
many places. One whovhad been a Privateer, and in the South-Seas, where
fometimes they had hard Fare, and met with new kinds of Filhes, aflured us,
that in fuch’ Difputes they ufually tafted the Heart, which if {weet they
thought a good Argument for the ufe of them in Victuals, if not, they were
ufually rejeéted as poiforious, how far true my Relator muft anfwer, for my

“part I believe it as little as the former: but there is a very good Reafon to

object

A Vayage to JAMAICA. ie:

object againft the eating of a new Fifh in che We/f-Zndies, for there are cer-
tainly fome of them, which. if eaten, prove poifonous at fome feafons of the
Year, at leaft many People have told me fo.

If this be the Fith {poke of by Lact, p. 27. where he calls it Pifcis congro
forma fimilis venenatus ; he {ays twas venemous both to Dutch and Englifh.

After two or three days Calm, being carried Weft with rouling Seas, on
the Sixth we had about the Tropick a {mall North-Eafterly Gale, which be-
gan low, rifing by degrees till it came to a pretty ftrong Wind, and was fixed
for a-while between North and Eaft, being concluded by the Seamen to be
the Trade-Wind, which blows not always from the fame Point, but generally Of the
on the North-fide of the Equinodtial within this Tropick; in this Seait blows 7°4¢eWind.
between North and Eaft, though at feveral times of the Year ’tis ufually
more Southerly or Northerly according to the Suns place in the Zodiack. Nei-
ther does this Trade-Wind keep the fame Point, but varies every hour,
though thofe two Points are ufually the urmoft bounds: neither is the Trade-
Wind conftantly of the fame vehemence, but fometimes blows very hard,
though rarely Stormy ; and at other times very eafic, though feldom Calm.
There is very {eldom Rain with this Wind, though when it comes the Drops
are thick, and it is violent. ‘The Weather here was generally clear, though
fometimes Hazy, efpecially about the Horizon, the Zenith being feldom over-
clouded.

We had feveral days without any remarkable matter happening, fave that
flying-Fifhes were here very frequent: the Defcription and Figure of which is
common in moft Natural Hiftorians, therefore I fhall not fay more, only that
itis a kind of Herring with very large Fins, with which it can fly fome time of Flying-
in the Air when purfued by Dolphins, Boneto’s, dc. and that it is taken notice Fifhes.
of by Voyagers, and Natural Hiftorians as follows, to me it feems to deferve
the name of Harengus Alatus.

Flying-Fifhes of Cocks. Purchas, 398. Of Beft. ib. p. 466. Purchas, 37.
Pefci Rondini-di Col. f: 32. Fdirundo Salviani, p. 185. Volatiles Pifces, Laet.
p- 572. Bokery, a¥Flying-Fith of Duddeley, 576. HYirwndo, Bellon, p.193. Mugil
Alatus Rondelet. p.r67. Fernand.p.87. Flying-Fifhes of Cliffe, Hakl. part. 3.
p. 750. Of Ligon. p. 4. Of Terry, p. 11. Hirundo Salviani, quoad iconem.
Willughdy, Tab. P. 4. Poiffons Volans de Cauche,p.140. De Lambert. p. 42. | Abn
beville, p. 30,31. Peces que bolan Lop. de Gom. cap. gt. Pirabebe 2. Pifon. ed.
1658. p. 6t. Flying-Fifhes of an Anomymns, Portugal in Brafile, Purchas, lib. 7.
cap. 1. p. 1314. Of Mandelflo, p. 196. and 211. Of Hawkins Hakl. p. 520.
Sit Rich. Hawkins, p. 42- Of Drake, p. 732. Hakl. p. 3. Of Fobn Davis,
Purchas, 132. Of Layfield, ib. 1197. Poiffons Volans de Rochef. p. 183. de
Dw Tertre, 212. de Feynes, p.205. Du Molinet. p.2x05. Dw Pyrard. de la Val.
p.6. Linfchot. Defer. Pefcados Boladares, de Oviedo, lib. 13. cap.r. and cap.5.
Folatori ejufd. fum, p. £32. who is of Opinion they are not. the Golondrinos of
the Spanifh Seas, at leaft he faw themi not in thofe Seas ; they. fly Two hun-
dred Paces, and when their Fins are dry fall down. They fly fomevimes;on
one, fometimes on the other fide: and are purfued and taken by Gilsheads,
and out of the Water by Sea Mews and Cormorants, id. fum 90 3
~ They came on Board our Ship every where between the Tropicks, flying
out of the Water and lighting thereon by accident. ‘They are very good Vi-
Ctuals, tafting like a Frefh-Herring’ They are common in moft parts of the
Fat and Weft-Indiess in Fapan, and the Mles Ladroncs, where they are eaten.
They are fometimes more in one place of the Sea than another, for. Oviedo
who crofs’d''the Seas‘many times to the Wef-Zndics, tells us that the Seas
are like Provinces, fome are Fertile in Fifhes, others not, according to the
Winds :

They

28

A Voyageto JAMAICA

They fly till their Wings are dry fays Harkins, being purfued by Giltheads,
otherwife called Bonito’s, which they take with them, or White Cloath made
into their fhape, as a Bait, zd.

They Jeap into our Boats, whence they cannot get, their Wings being

dried, Drake. |
They are near the Line, as well South as North, and beyond the Cape of

Good Hope, fF yrard. de La Val.

Their Wings are given them by Nature toefcape. Abbeville.

Thefe Flying-Fifhes bring after them another kind of Fifh which preys on
them, it is commonly called Boxeto’s, but I fhall call it, Scombrus major Torofus,
being of the fame kind with a Mackarel, though it has been taken notice of
by the following Writers, under other names, as

Bonito of Drake, Hakl. part. 3. p.732. OF Cliffe, ib. p.750. Of Ligon, p. §.
Bonite de Cauche, p.142. Abbeville, p.30. An toni precioli, Col. f. 74? who
obferved them in the Sea about Efpanolain plenty. La Bonite de Rochef. p.187.

_ where is a bad figure, de Dw Zertre, 214. where is a good figure, Du ’yrard

Tab.t, Fig.3.

Of Boneto’s.

Of Remo-
ta’s,

de la Val. p.6. 137. De Raveneaw. De Luffan.p. Bonito’s de Francifco Gualle
apud Linfchot,p1r4. 2.P» Purchas, lib. 4. cap.13. p. 806. Hakl. p. 406. OF
Mandelflo, p. 196. Of Sit Richard Hawkins, p. 4.. Aa Pelamys Bellonii, Gefner 2
Raii, 186. Tab. Mir? An Alba Coretta, pif. p. 73. ¢d.1658 2 Giltheads, othere
wile called Bowito's of Hawkins, p.520. Turbots of Oviedo, fum, p.rxt. 214.
Boniti de Laet, lib, 10. cap. U1. p.415. in Peru, 430. Bonitoes of Terry, p.1t5
Of Fo. Davis. Purchas,132.

This appear’d in every thing like a Mackarel in colour of Skin, fmooth-
nefS, great and {mall Fins, Tail, dc. only it was much thicker in proportion
to the length of its Body than the Mackarel, being One Foot and a half long ;
it weighed Ten Pounds, and had in its Belly many of thefe young Fifhes de-
{cribed before under the name of Serpens Marinus, &c. and young Flying-
Fifhes, which were moft of them confum’d to the Bone, their Inteftines be-
ing fill'd with blackifh fcaly Matter, and the Bones of thefe Fithes. The
Lines on the fide of the Figure of this Fifh are not inthe Fifth, but miftaken
by the Defigner or Graver. )

They are taken between the Tropicks, and in more Northerly Latitudes,
when the Sun is in the Northern Signs, as the Dolphins are, either with
Phifgigs being {truck from the Yard-Arms, or by Hooks and Lines baited with
Cloath in the fhape of Flying-Fifhes, and are reckoned very Savoury, they
tafting like a Mackarel exa@tly.. They are alfo taken at the Maldives in the
South-Sea. S37 os 6 SSAC, EAN |

They were found in the‘South Seas-between New-Spain and China, by
Francifco Gualle; whence he Argues a Current and - Strait there, thefe Fithes
ufing fuch places as well as Albacoras, which (by the way) is Tranflated Tun-
nies in Purchas, lib. 4. cap.13. p. 806.

They purfue Flying-Fifhes, and were galled wich Phifgigs following the
Ship Five hundred Leagues. Hawkins. |

They are lefS valued in Peru, becaufe thought to breed Fevers and other
Diftempers, Lact.

‘The Remora, as it iscommonly called, is alfo frequent here ; it is defcribed
and figured in moft Natural Hiftorians, and is called Reverfus vel Lnverfus,
Lact. p.6s. Riverft,Col. f.112. Lperuquiba cy Piraquiba Braflienfthus, Lufitanis
Piexepogador Gr piexe piolho Noftratibus Suyger. Maregr. p. 180. Raii, p. 119.
Ap, Lab.9. Fig.2. Un remora de Molinet, p..05. Sucking-Fifh of Terry, p. 9:
Fithes called Guajcanus or Reverfus, taking other Fifhes. Of Martyr, Decad-
Poiffons femblables au pinaru de Cauche, p- 143. LEchenoen fea Remora. Impe-
rat. p.684. Aldrovand. de pifcitus, lib. 3. cap. 22. p. 336. The Sucking-

Fifth,
, The

A Voyage to JAMAICA. 29

The Jndians take Fifh with thefé hang’d at a Rope, the Remore apply them-
felves to other Fithes, and take them as Zibaroni, ec. Col. 112. They ufed
to Fifh with them, putting them out, and holding them in a Line, they
woud fix on Manati, forcing them to dry ground, Aldrov. lib, 3-Rondel. lib. 15.

The Mariners do not obferve any manner of Current in this great Ocean,
but {uch as follows the Wind.

On the Sixteenth of this Month in the Lat. of 14°. 40’. North, and bein
about Five hundred Leagues diftant from Barbados, which was near due Eaft of
us, in ordinary Weather one of the Sailers that was on the Forecaftle took up
a“ttee live Grafhopper, and brought it me, which thinking very ftrange,
as being a very great way from Land, I immediately enquired as nicely into,
as poflibly I could, and was aflured by him thar gave it me, that it came nor
thither from Land with them, or by any accident, but fell down from the
Rigging of the Ship ; which he fuppofed might perhaps ftop its courfe. A Ofe Locu/
Seaman, on this occafion, averred to me that he faw fome of the fame fly obferved at
through the Rigging of the Ship ; and fome other Scamen in the fame Fleer Sea
we were in, made the fame obfervation. When I came to Barbados I met
there Sir John Narborough, who was then going to the Plate Wreck near Eiif-
paniola, and thinking this very odd, and him a very experienc d.and obfervin
Perfon in fuch matters: I asked him if ever he had {een the like, he ela
very often, and that it was very ordinary to obferve them fly many Leagues
from Land at Sea. The Defcription of this I then took as follows, and called it

Locufta maxima, ithe! sk ae Maculs Brunis.

This Locuft from the Head to the end of the Wings was two Inches and a
half long, its Body was two Inches in length, in the Abdomen were {even Ta).1
Jncifures, it had two Antenne each half an Inch long, a large Purple and
Brown Hea, with two lenticular Eyes each Prominent, three pair or fix
Legs, taking their Origin from the Zhorax, the hindermoft pair being thick
at the Thighs and prickly, two Inches long, more than twice as long as thofe
before, thofe in the middle longer than the foremoft, the Wings membrana-
ceous, of an Afh, inclining to Red or Purple Colour, with many brown {pots
on them: it had three Incifures on its Back, which was guarded, as it were,
with armour.

This fame accident did Vanderhagen take notice of in his Voyage, as ap-
ak by the following Note, though he does not mention the diftance from
Land. :

Ia reditu eS. F{elena multa rufe fubaibide locufte vifebantur, aque innatantes ;
quarum CG queadam in naves ipfas, advolitabant. Vanderhag. Excerpt. Cluf. Cur.

olf.
; ley are in great numbers (about Senega) cover the Ground and obfcure
the Air every third or fourth year, deftroying all. Cadamofto,

They are falted and eat by the thiopians. Efcarbot nova Francia, p. 210.

They confume, a Famine follows, and thena Plague. Schnirdel.

They deftroy the Ground not only for the rime, but burn Trees for two
Years after; fo that People (in Ethiopia) are forc'd to fell themfelves and Chil-
dren for Suftenance. Fo. dos Sanctos.

This Locuft isthe fame with thofe eaten in Barbary, they dry them in Ovens
to preferve them, then either eat them alone, or pounded and mixed with
Milk. Captain Dampier has told methey taft like Shrimps, and they are with-
out queftion fed on by the Inhabitants of many places of the World. That
they are the Qails mentioned, Numb. 11. 31. feems to be plainly proved by
Ludolfus, who in his Appendix to his Commentaries on his Ethiopick Hiftory
has exprefly at large di{courfed very learnedly on this matter. Some years fince
many Locutis very like the{e came into Wales, where they lived a {mall time and
dyed, | think through the inclemency of the Air; but by their courfe I vs

member

.Fig.3.

30 A Voyage to JAMAICA.

member it was likely they had come Originally from Baréary. Thole who
have a mind to confult Authors about them may fee, among others thefe who
difcourfe of them under the following Names, viz.

Locufte Roffe and Gjalle di Cadamofto, ££ 17. and 109. Grafhoppers of
Efcarbot. Nova Francia, 210. Of Giros. Purchas, 1425. OF Fo. Dos Sanétos,
ib.1554. Locufls of Schnirdel. Purchas, p.1359. Ludolf: cap. 10. lib. x,
ver. 16. Comm. 1. 96. Pp. 168. Numb. r1. Qu. Selaw, Coturnix or Quails,
Fuan de Barros, lib 1. Decad. r. p. 16.

When we came into 13°.10. Lat. we went due Welt for Barbados, which
is the way not to mifSit, becaufe Sailers being fure of the Latitude by Of{E-
vation they kecp in it leaft they fhould run by the land, which being very
low Land, and fo confequently not vifible far off at Sea, may be cafily over-
run by unwary Scamen. We faw here feveral Tropick-Birds, and Men of
War Birds, the laft of which is mentioned by the following Writers.

Caripira de Lact. lib, 15. cap.13. p- 575. Caripira forked Tails, bringing
news of Ships, Anonymus Port. Purchas, p.1317. Coda inforcata, that is the
forked Tail. Ovied.fum. p.202. An Sea-Mews or Cormorants, Fjufd. ib. p.2.14 2
Birds which the Portuguefe call Garayos, or Rabos forcados, with Tails like a
Taylor's Shears, of Mandelflo, p.196. Rabi horcados todos Negros, de Oviedo,
bib. 14. cap. 1. Rabi forcatr. Fj. ap. Ramnus, p. 161. Fregattes de Ravenean
de Lujan. p. 116. and 218. who obferved them at Pillia and Guatulco, a
Rock in the South-Seas. Fregattes entierement Noirs, Rochef, p. 164. Rabi-
horcado Fernandez, Birds attending the rifing of Flying-Fithes of Ligon, p. 4.
Rabo-forcade, and Rabi-horcado, Cluf. exot. p.107. Oyfeaux faifans la Chaffe aux
Poiffons. d’ Abbeville, p.52%. Fourcades, Ejufd. p. 532 aves furcate Lact. p. 6or.
Fregattes du Tertre, p. 269. ‘Cifeawx de Confturier deCauche, p. 133. Aves ditte
Rabos forcados, -cauda bifurcata, Aldrov.Ornith. tom. 3- p.544. Sea-Fowl chafing
the Flying-Fifh of Afawkins, Hakl. p.520. A Man of War of Ligon, p.61. Of
Fo. Davis Purchas, 132. : .

This Bird feems very large, bigger than a Kite, and Black ; they fly like
Kites very high, and often appear immoveable over the water, to wait for,

Of Mes of and catch {mall -Fifh appearing on its Surface; they are fharp winged, and

War-Bsrds, their Tail is forked. When Flying-Fifhes are perfecuted under water by
Dolphins, Bonitos,crc. ‘They rife and fly for fome {pace in the Air, and are
often devoured by thefe Birds in that time.

We faw them firft when we came near Barbados. The Sailers guefS them-
{clves\not many days, or about Two hundred Leagues off the Hlands when
they {py:them firft, and itis wonder’d at how they:can dire@ their Courfe to
the Land at Nights, being fo far diftant, it feems no very ftrange matter, be-
caufethey are very high inthe Air, and -can'feedand ‘much farther then thofe
on the Deck or Top-Maft.\ofa Ship. The Reafon of their flying fo high
may -beto have a greater Field before them, for Prey, becaufe ithey may go
where they \fee\the Dolphins follow or hunt the Flying-Fifhes.

.. They arecommonly thought in the'Weff-Jndies to foretel the coming in of
Ships; -for when they fee a Man of War-Bird come into their Ports, they
reckon Ships will foon follow, and ’tis very often true, for they ‘love to Fifh in
not very: reugh;Weather, {o that whemit blows hard at Sea they come into the
Rerts land Bays;to Fifh, where the Wind is broken off by the Land, and rhe
fame, Wind.blowing them-in, brings in the Shipping after them.

s,Althereare vmore of thefein the firm Land of America than in the Iles. The
iidiansof Cuews fay the Axungia or Fat of them is very good for taking out
Ciednices and marks, and for the withering of Arms or Legs, /and other
Difeafes. One-of thefe Birds .at Panama coming to take Sardinas that were a
curingin the Sua a Negro broke his Wing witha Stick he ‘had in his Hand ; ‘the

Bedy after ic was clear of ivs Feathers was little ‘bigger than.a Pigeon. : The
| Vings

A Voyage to JAMAICA. 31

a,

Wings being extended, no Man, though feveral tried, could reach with his
Arms ftretched out within four Inches of the tips of them, Oviedo.
Their Greafe is a Soveraign Remedy for the Sciatica, and all cold Gouts
Du Tertre. | °
It followsthe Alcatraz (or Pelecan) in the Air to catch its Dung for Food,Col,
In the firfk Voyage to the Weft-Jndies the Spaniards followed the flight of
Birds as the Portuguefe did in their Difcoveries, Zdem,
Fe perfecutes the Alcatraz (or Pelican ) for his Prey tll he lets ig fall, he
catching it before it gets down, Oviedo, fum. p. 202.
It is very good Meat Cuuche. |
The Zndians love its Feathers, which they ufe with their Arrows, obferving
they laft longer than other kinds. Their Greafe takes our Scars, Xim. Lact.
We had alfo Boobies, a kind of Bird fo called, as well as Noddies, came fre- Of Birds cal-
quently here on Board the Ships ; they are fo called by Seamen, becaufe they /ed Boobies
do not ftir from you, but fuffer themfelves to be catch’d by the Hand, or light and Nod-
on Seamens Arms, being unaccuftom’d to Men. The Booby is neareft to the ““*
Soland Goofe of any Bird I know, therefore I {hall call it 3
Anferi Baffano congener avis, cinereo-albus. | |
Thefe are Grey and White of colour, large:as ‘a Mafcovy Ruck, White a-
bove and Grey below, the four Toes joind: bya Web as. in the Figure,
they fly over the Water as a Kite over the Land, and watch the Fifh. to take
them fo foon as they appear on the Surface’ of the Water :. Ic has'a long Ofsbe Booby.
roundifh Bill of a yellowith colour: -We firft mer them’ when we approached 74).6.Fig.1.
the Mland of Barbados, and had them afterwards in great numbers all along a-
mongft the Caribe Iles: they are very numerous on. Redondo a {mall ifland
not far from Nieves, and there they breed, it not being: inhabited or reforted
to, fo that they are not difturbed with mankind. I thal’ next defcribe the
Bird called a Noddy, and call it > al vga soni ni
Efirunda marina, minor, capite albo. OD OVO Stine over oF 25h
-The ‘Noddy Bird was Eleven Inches long. fromithe knd_of the: Bilito'rhar
of the ‘Tail, and Twenty fix Inches from Wing to Wing:extended ; ithe Bill
was fireight, black, roundifh, an Inch and a’ half long, shaving two Jarge T4b.6.Fig.2.
Apertures forthe Noftrils, the Tail was FourInches:long,’ thé:top of shé Head
was White, all the reft of a dirty brown reddith colour, the Legs‘ atid 1Feer
were I'wo Inches long : itchad Four ‘Toes, ‘Fheee bafose,.wasSfeb footed, and
of a dark Brown.colour.: =) 2) uaymerynyy aster las By otis arts
They feed on fmall Fith, and go out a great way to Sea; where when they
mect Ships they pitch themfelves without any fear of the Men, even fome-
times on the Hands of the Sailers, if held out-for them to Pearch on, They
are mentioned by the following Writers. | sresyteys
«s Noddy of fo. Davis Purchas, 132. who obferved it at Noronha. An Birds
on the Ship»Galleries at F. de Martin Vaz. Purchas, Wilfon, p. 4862. Uccelli
fimile al-Gargioa, Cals.fi43 2 Noddy in Greenland or Spitzberg, Purchas, 472 2 Of
Bool, dh. :p.7o7 2 Paffere Sempie, chat is fimple Sparrows of Quiedo fury, p. 203.
hn Maliergucks of Spitzberg 2... Ae ae. oes
AMdeois. fomewhae lef: chan: Sea-Mews, has Fect like.a Malard, lands: on the
‘Water, lightson Ships, ihas a black Head, and its Shoulders\Ruflet, and is
hot good to-eat, Ovied. 203. | 7
We took berelaShatkowhielsdinthiss Stomach had remaining the Feathers of
one of thefe' Birds called“ Noddy, the iFlefh of which was diflolved into
a kind of Mucus-and Blood. 3 “It is’ fobaualikely: that this Bird which Preys on
{mall Fith on the top f ‘the Water;:was‘on falling down to catch: {uch Prey

Blo. tt pte
{ és ae 7) ee iy AGP ayy .
’

taken by this Shark. -Itis alfo likely thatthe! Feathers,’ of this or other Birds,
-whentaken,:.may-ferve to make the devouring Fifh endure-‘Hun er longer than
-otherwife ivcould. It being obferved’that Birds of Prey -willsendure: Hunger
xiil longer

32

A Voyage to JAMAICA

Of 2 Sea-
Snail,
Tad.1. Fig.4.

Of Barna-
cles,

longer than others, and indeed there was Reafon it fhould be fo, they being
not very certain to find their Food at certain Hours. I remember once to have
found in an Eagle Shot in Affex and fent me by Mr. Barret, that the Hair
of Hares and Rabbits were the only Contents of his Stomach, which probs:-
bly might keep him from being very fenfible of his wants.

We had near, but before we came in fight of Barbados, a fort of Sea-Snail
with Barnacles fticking to it, floating in the Sea, there were feveral of them,
and their Apertures were filled with a froth all ftanding in Bubbles. The
Snail I defcribed thus.

It was more flat or comprefled than moft of the Cochlee Marine confifting
only of Circumyolutions round the Columella, or Axis of the Shell. Ithad fome
vifible Oblique ftrie on the Circumvolutions, was brittle and thinner than any
Marine Shell I ever aw; it was of a very fine Violet or Purplecolour. Thefe
Shells floated on the Surface of the Sea, and had many Balle of a vifcid froth
came out of them fuch as is raifed from Sope and Water. They were more
comprefled than that of the Streights of Magellan, or Mediterranean, as alfo
{moother. Wherefore I have chofe to call it Cochlea Marina é ceruleo purpu-
rafcens, compreffa, levis, tribus volutis conftans. \t is the Cochlea Marina Viceftma
tertia ceruleo-purparafcens of Dr. Lifter Hift. Conchyl. Pinh..572.-

There grew to this Shell on every fide that particular kind of Pluri-valved
Shell-Fifh made of feveral Shells called Concha Anatifera, figured in Dr. Lifters
HiftoriaConchyl. Tab. 439. and 4qo. which fticks to, and Breeds on any thing
floating in the Sea, by a hollow Neck fomewhat refembling a Wind-Pipe.
Tt looks fomewhat like'a Cockle, and has in it fome Civ7hi which has been
taken for the budding: Feathers: in the Wings of young Barnacles or Brent
Geefe which were fuppofed to Breed out of Trees. Thefe Birds ufed to
come yearly to Scotland, and other Countries in great numbers from the
North in Winter, and go away in the Spring. They ufed in Northern Coun-
tries to have drift Wood come from the North with thefe Shell-Fifh fticking
to them, and never obferving the Barnacles Breed as other Fowles, thought
they bred fo, till the Dutch in their attempts for a North-Eaft Paflage found.
thefe Barnacles fitting on Eggs as other Geefe. I fhall nor fay any thing fur-
ther, but refer the Reader to the Authors following, where he will find them
treated of. :

Arbor Anatifera prima fen Arbor ex cujus ligni putredine vermes, co ex his
anates viventes Cy volantes cencrantur, O.B, pin. p. 513. Arbres des Ifles Heb-
des, les troncs au-bois. de(quelles chenz, dans la mer, G pourris par Peau Marine, fe
muent ¢ changéent -dans quelque temps.en vers, puis en oyes ou canes vivantes, De
Daret. p.287.°> Britannice Concha anatifere Gallis Macreufes. An Sapinettes
Nortmannorum eadem, Lob. Obf. p.655... Britannica Conche anatifere, Ej. Icon.
p. 259. Park. p.1306. Ger. emaculat. p. 1587. Arbore delle anitre: Durant. in
Fig. Telline pedate di Imperat. p. 683° Ex furculis arborum couche anatifere,
Lugd. p.1398. Arbores conchifere vel anatifere falfo dicte ut telline ac Balani,
J. B. Lom. 3. lib. 39- P- 818. Arbores conchifere vel anatifere dite ut teline c&
alie. Chabr. p. 580. Arbor admiranda Viceftma quinta in Orcadibus & Hebridl-
bus infults anatifera, Fonst. Dendr. 47%. Concha anatifera Calceclar, p25. Clakis

?

& concha anatifera Aldrov. Ornith. Tom. 3. p. 174, and 548. Barnacles of Hyd-

fon or Marcolino, Purchas, p. 615.

The Twenty fifth of this Month at Noon we arrived at Bridge-Town
in Barbados, and anchored in Ten Fathom Water, all the Ships ane
Forts faluting his Grace. The Ifland of Barbados had its name, or Bar-
bata as Martyr, trom a kind of Fig-Trees which are frequent in it,
of which I fhall give a Defcription hereafter; they have Filaments or
Threads come out of their Tops and hang down in handfuls or Sheafs,
and make the Tree look as if it was bearded: at leaft this was told

me

A Voyave to J AMAIC A. 330

me there to be the reafon of this Name given to it by the Fwropeans. It licsin a-
bout 13 degr. 10 min.Northern Latitude, and is about 36°. 55°. Welt of Madera,
The Rains when we were here came on very violently, ithaving been dry and
parch’d for many Months. They pour'd down very faft, infomuch that being at
Spikes, a Town diftant fome Miles from Bridgetown whither we were going, it
was thought we fheuld not be ableto get thither, becaufe the Gullies or Brooks
were believed not fordable, however we ventur’d and got fafe; but the Frethes
or Rains were fuch, that two of the Dukes Servants who hired a Boar, at
an excefliye rate, to carry them to Bridgetown by Water, were, by the vio-
Jence of the Water running off the Ifland, carried to Sea, and neither they,
the Boat, or Boat-men ever heard of after. It was defired by His Grace the
Duke of Albemarle, that the Governor, Colonel (fince Sir Edwyn) Steed, would
pleafe to take care to inform him(eif from the Neighbouring Iflands, if by Wind
or Currents they or their Veffel had been heard of among them ; bur nei-
ther during our ftay, nor afterwards, had we any tidings of them: fo that
it was concluded they were loft either by being fwallow’d up of the Sea,
ftarv'd for want of Provifions, or thrown on fome of the Neighbouring
Iflands, where they might fuffer by the rage of the exafperated Jdians,

The Ifland, (which is Twenty eight Miles long, and Fourteen broad, * *Ligon.p.26.
is ot very high, but yet has feveral raifed and deprefled Grounds in it,
Which are generally Fertile. This lownels of the whole Ifland gives them more
regular Breezes or Winds, fo tharthey Grind their Sugar-Canes with Wind-
Mills, and not Cattle, as they do in Jamaica, where the Land being higher
flops the regular motionof the Winds or Breezes *. It is likewife from this * Barbados
low ficuation that it has at prefent, and has had fo great a fruitfulnefs, though waars Nighr
now it be fallen much off from what it was, through the great labouring and «7 Land
perpetual working of it out, fothat they are now fore'd to dung extremely what “45, ‘4
before was of it felf too Rank. The Duke of Albemarle having a Patent for all me -
the Royal Mines in the We/t-/udia Plantations belonging to England, made Boyl, of
great enquiry after Minerals, but received information of none. fave only Air, p. 85,
of an Hill where was a fhining Subftance which look’d very fine, and was
lodged in Earth ; fome of this Earth was afterwards fent to Famaica, but
proved to be nothing but white or filver colour’d Marcafite, which on trial
held no Metal, or fo little as not to be worth while to look after. Thefe Of the fend
Marcafites are very common in moft places of the World yet difcovered, f Barbados,
and impofé on People ignorant of thefe matters; Sir Martin Forbifher, a
great Man, when he went to difcover a North-Weft Paflage, brought
home a Ships lading of this from North America. In Trinidad are Marca-
fites*, And I have fome of this fame Mineral Subftance that 1 had from * Duddeley,
the Streights of Magellan, not to be known from thofe found in England, p. 571.
This Marcafite was difcovered by the falling off of fome run-away Grounds,
as they are called, from the fide of a Hill in which it was fen, Thefe
run-away Grounds come from great Rains, after which a parcel of Ground,
as the fide of a Hill with whatever is on it, falls off from the other part,
and carries whatever was growing on it along with it and remains on another
Mans Plantation, whofe Property it becomes. |

There is towards that part of this Iflana called Scotland, fome Pits, out of |
which are taken what is in England, and other places, called Barbados-Tarr : Of Barba-
It is of two forts, one liquid which fwims on the top of the Water, and is dos-Zarr,
of the confiftence of Common Tarr, {mells {trong as Petroleum, and in every
thing refembles it; the other is more folid, and {eems to be a better fort
of Pit-Coal. In feveral places of America thefe forts of Bitumens are found,
and have feveral Names; the moft common Name is Mounsjack, by. which ‘tis
Known very well amongtt the Privateers. |

K "Ts

>.)

I

AVoyageto JAMAICA |

— \

Tis calied Bitumen Nigrum, by Fragofus, p.92. who tells us, that tis found

“in Cuba of the confiftence of Pitch, and ufed in cold Diftempers, Hyftcrick

“Fits, and for Pitching Veffels, Pitch tottim 2Ship of Mafham. Haklp.3.p.695.

-Un@uous fubftance like Tarr and Mountjack, Ligon. p. 101. Stone-Pitch plen-

tiful in Gatana, Rauleigh,6 41 .£2akl. Who ‘fays it will not mele with the Sun. Pitch
melting not with the Sun, Alarcourt, Purchas,1287. Fons aque picee, {ofter
than TreePitch, fic for Ships, of Martyr. Mincro de pafta como pez, con lo
gual, rebuelta con azcyto o febo brean los Nuvios y empegan qualquiera cofa, Ovied.
cap. 51. Pix quedam foffils in Tnfula Trinidad. Lact, p. 662. .17.6.27. Who
fays ’tis eafily foftened by the Suns heat, and not fit for Ships. Pitch-Foun-
tains near Ayna, of Furer. Purchas, 1412. Bituminous Waters, and Soil in
Suftana, makes People fhort lived, Cartwright, Purchas, 1435. Fountain of
Pitch and Tarr, #.1694. There is without doubt great vertue in thefe Pe-

- troleams, they are very penetrating, eafe Pains, Aches, cre. There is diftilled

from them an Oil which is more piercing than the thing itfelf, and which I

have been aflured was’a good Remedy in the Gout. |
They at Barbados want Wood very much, both for all manner of ufes in

| Building, and for Fewel. For Building the Inhabitants go to Santa Lucia,

aft Ifland within fight of this, to Tobago, where’ it is plenty, and the other
Neighbouring Iflands. Their Fewel is Guinea-Corn-ftalks, Cane-Trath, thar
is the dried mark remaining after expreffion of ‘the Juice, gc. This Ifland
is very ftrong, by the Inhabitants (who have been Ten thoufand Foot,
One thoufand Horfe, and Fifty thoufand Souls, befides Negros, Ligon. p. 43.
and roo... But: now are about “half that: number,) ‘all living near one ano-
ther, well'Di(ciplin’d; and: ingood ‘etder. It has*many Rocks to Wind-
ward, in that part called’ ‘Scotland; which defend’ the Coaft on that fide, and
to Leeward there are Shelves, and few ‘Harbors; anid’ there are Batteries at
every place where a Canoa can ‘Land ,‘to hinder‘any Enemies approach.
The Principal Town, .called Bridgétown, -is large, and has Batteries and Guns
mounted to defend its Road or Harbor: fo that in the late Dutch War
De Ruyter, their Admiral, in vain attempted it with a very ftrong Fleet.
From this place goes about Three hundred Sail of Ships yearly in Trade
to England, New-England, New-York, Famaica, &c. Their Horfes come from
Barbuda. They having little Pafture-Ground, they have few Cattle or Sheep,

_ thofethey have are fed on Cane-Tops, Gwinea-Corn, or Scotch-Grafs. Their

Mutton, which is fed on Sugar-Canes, is very Fat, White, and Sweet. The
Duke of Albemarle, who had a Patent to be Chief Governor and Infpector
of all the American Plantations or Iflands where he came, took a review of
the Forces ‘of this Place’ in three feveral Divifions;‘and was very well pleafed
with the great Reception and Entertainment he had here from Sir Edmyz
Steed the then Governor.’ For my own part I lik’d fo well the Deffert after
Dinners, which confifted of Shaddocks, Guavas, Pines, Mangrove-Grapes,
and other unknown Fruits in Ewrope, that I thought all my Fatigues well be-
{towed when I came to have fuch a pleafant profpect, I was told a Goofe
here at fometimes was worth Twenty Shillings. Spanifh Money goes here
Current, and all over thefe parts. pe eR

_ I faw here the Wild Goofe of New-England, or Geefe White and Gray of
Efcarbot Nowa-Francia, p.go. Geele of Hudfon, Purchas, p. 602. OF Sars,
ib. 372. Wild Geefe of Copland, p. 466. who obferved the fame at the Cape
of Good Hope. Of Payton who faw them in’ af Ile of Ethiopia 33°* 30.
Lat. 487... : t gicm 2. nibe sea ee

> Taw alfo the NewBngland Dest in a fmallEnclofure near the Church,
- which feemed the famecinevery t

hing: with our Fallow-Deer.
Turner (ap, Purchasy pp 1265+) found: Hogs, Pigeons, and Parots there.

iT _ The

A Voyage to J AMAICA.

59

The Springs here near the Shote, were overflowed by the Sea and brackith
which gave many the Flux; fo when Befiegers (at Ormus) came to Brine
brackifh Water they dyed of Fluxes, Monox, Purchas, 1798. and fix hundred
of the Earl of Cumberland’s Fleet dyed of the Bloody-Flux at Porto Rico, Pur-
chas, 1149. Layfield, 1167. which likely came from the fame Caufe.

Plants I obferved at Barbados, which I did not take notice of
in the other Caribbe Iflands, were,

Filix non ramofa minor, canle nigro, furculis raris, pinnulis anguftis dentatis ran
ris brevilus acutis fubtus niveis.. Cat. pl. Fam. p.20. Where may be {een its
otherSynonymous Names, and reference made to the Authors where it is
already graved. 7 12: 7 .

This has a folid Root, fmall, and having {everal Scales towards the top,
covered with a Ferrugineous Mofs, and many Filaments and hairy Fibers be-
low, whereby to draw its Nourifhment; it is of a dark Brown colour, from
Whence rife many Leaves, having blackifh red fhining Stalks, for the moft
part Triangular, rifing a Foot high, at about Eight Inches from the Root
having Twigs at about half an Inch diftance,. fometimes oppofite to one ano-
ther, fometimes aiternatively, each Twig being about one Inch Jong, and ve-
ry narrow ; the Piznzle are fhort,\ very narrow, fharp, and leave a defect be-
cween each other, on the upper fide, being of a dark green colour, and
below having a White Meal’ all over it, making it extremely pleafant to
look on. :

it grew out of the Rocks in the fhady Inland parts of Famaica, and in
Barbados, | pie ) ;

Filix non ramofa minor, caule nigro, farculis raris, pinnulis latis dentatis {ubtus
niveis, Cat. pl. Fam, p. 2X. , |

)

This had Roots and Stalks exactly like the preceding, and was for Magni- Tab.7, Fig.t.

tude the fame, the chief difference was'in the Leaves or Piznule, which were
rounder and broader, otherwife the fame, for they were covered over with a
White Farina as it. Perhaps this may be only a variety of the former.

f found it in Barbados and Nevis. |

Cyperus maximus panicula, [parfa, foliacea. . Cat.pl. Fam. p. 35: )

This was in the Stalk Triangular, filled with a Pich like Rufhes, and ex-
actly the fame with other Cyperas Grafles, only it was much larger in every
part, and in lieu of a Panicle, its Head was made up of {caly Spikes Sparfe,
at the top of this was only fomewhat {maller Leaves than were at bottom, that
is, there were firft feveral larger leaves ftanding under the Panicle, from the

middle of which rofé many Triangular, f{mall, and fhorter Foot-f{talks, which 74. 8.

at top, inftead of Spikes, had nothing difcernable. but fmall Leaves, from
the middle of which went other {maller Petioli, on whofe top were very {mall
and reddifh Leaves, efpecially on their under parts, fomething, or very like
the Defcription and Icon of Papyrus ex ABgypto Salmafio miffa. Bod. & Stapel.
Not. in Theoph. p. 432. | |
-‘I gathered it in Barbados, in flanding Water, a little out of Bridgetown.
Whether this be the {ame with other Cyperi, before their Spikes come out, or
~tnats Panicle be like that of Papyrus Nilotica of $B. which if Cefalpinus’s
Defcription:-be true it imitates, I cannot tell, but am fure I never in all the
Plants I chane’d to fee of it, aw any other Spikes than thefe. Leaves.

Gom. cap. 163. Says that in Pers they ufed Barks or little Boats made
of Ruthes or Straw, which I f{uppofe may have been a fort of this, which
was uicd for that purpofe by the Egyptians. And Blafco Nunnez, after be-
ing taken, complaining of it, “twas anfwered that it was the only way of

eae eae Boats

36

A Voyage to JAMAICA.

Tab. 9.

Tab, 10,
Fig, 1.

Boats in that Councry. Bull-rufhes are now ufed by fome for floating

Bodies.

Cyperus maximus panicula minus [parfa ferruginea capitulis compactis crafftoribus.
Cat.pl. Fam. p. 35.

This has a great many rough three-cornered grafly cutting Leaves, about
three Foot long, and near an Inch broad at Root where broadeft, and whence
they decreafe, ending in a point, and all of them make a large tuft round the
Surface of the Earth where it grows. From among the middle of them rife three-
cornered Stalks as big as ones Finger, folid, and filled with a ruthy fungous
Pith, about three Foot high, on the top of the Stalks under the Spikes,
{tand two Foot long Leaves, tho there are many others fhorter, being of like
make with the Leaves at bottom. Above thefe ftand feveral Spikes on feveral
three-cornered Petioliof diverfe lengths, as in others of this kind, the longeft
being of Six Inches, and fome of them being branched into Two or Three
other Petioli, all of which have fome Ferrugineous {caly, round, pointed 4-
pices, or {maller Spikes, made up of Ferrugineous Scales lying on one another,
{ticking clofe to the tops of the Petioli which make the Panicle. The
Seed is brownifh, red, fhining and Triangular.

It grew near Bridgetown in Barbados.

Gramen cyperoides panicula conglomerata @ plurimis [picis cinereis conftante.

Cat. pl. Fam. p. 36.
_ This had a roundifh Tuberous Root which had many Fibers as thofe of a
Leek, it was not Odoriferous but covered over with feveral dry Skins, and
from thence rofe feveral Four or Five Inches long, narrow Leaves of a grafS
green colour, like others of this kind; the Sralk was flender three-cornered,
about a Foot and a half high, on the top of which {tood {everal {mall Spikes
cluftered together without any Foot-{talks into one Head, each of them
being made up of many Gray Scales between which lay roundifh edged Seeds
of a reddifh colour; under this Head or Panicle flood fome fhort Leaves,
as in others of this kind.

It grew in Barbados, but where I do not remember.

Ricinus Americanus tenniter divifo folio Breyn. cent. 1. p. 116. Cat. pl.
Fam.p.40. Manfanilla de las avellanas para purgar de Oviedo, lib.10. cap. 4.
Ben Magnum Medicorum vulgo Wormmus, p.187. Avellana Purgatrix, Contant.
p.t. An Caftanea purgatrix, Muf. Mofc. p.r54? |

Spanifh Phyfick Nuts. Ifound thefe in Mr. Draxe’s Plantation in Barbados,
where they were planted in a Garden : they agreed as to every thing with
Reese: Defcription and Figure; they iad Flowers of a fine Scarlet
colour.

They were put out of ufe by Mechoacan, Frag. When Hifpaniola was firkt
difcovered, the Zadians ufed this much for Purging, thenthe Spaniards through
neceffity ufed the fame, not without hazard of Life. They purge Phlegm
and Choler violently up and down, their vehemence is taken off with roatt-
ing. They are good for the Colick, and they iuige being put into Gly-
fters. Hot in the third, and Dry in the tecond Degree, Dof. a 3f. ad 3].
Tofted. Oviedo iays one was killed in spaiw with holf of one; and yet Nine
did not work in Ffpanicla: they killd fevera: at iirlt, his own Children were
almoft dead, had they not been vomirec with Oil.

The Fruit is an cafier iurger thai ch: Common-Phyfick-Nut, the Flower
dryed and powdered, and given to iiait a Crown weight purges Hydropick-
Water plentifully, Dw Zertre.

Convolvulus exoticus annuus foliis myriophyllé millefolis aquatici flore fangnie
aco. Mor, hift. p.20. Cate pl. Fam. p. 58.

T found

A Voyage to J AMAIC A. | 37

i found this in Barbados plentifully, though | cannot fay that ’twas Wild,
but for its beauty planted in Gardens.
The Inhabitants afcribe the Vertucs of a Philtre to this Plant. The Juice
of the Leaves makes an Errhine which Cures the Head-ach, A. 7.
Tencroides filiculofum foliis laurinis, floribus galeatis e labiatis. Cat. pl.
jai. p. 64. | :
Yhe Branches of this had a woody hard Stalk filled with a fungous Pith
and were about the bignefs of ones Little Finger, round, and jointed. At every
half Inch, are Leaves {et oppofite to one another, each whereof has {mall
or no Footftalks, being about Four Inches long, and. One and a half
broad. in the middle where broadeft, beginning narrow, encreafing to the
middle, and thence decreafing ‘till they end ina point, being {mooth and
equal on the edges. The tops of the Branches and Twigs are Six or sae
Eight Inches long Spikes of Flowers fet at {mall diftances oppofite’ to one 5 oe
another round the Stalk, after ‘the manner of fome of the Verricillaced
Plants, cach Flower having a {mall Foot-ftalk, being both Galeared and
Labiated, of a whitifh yellow colour, the Galea being Bifid, and the Lip
Trifid, and having two Stamina with Apices ftanding out of the open Flower,
to each of which fucceeds an Inch-long Seed-Vetlel brown, roundifh, final!
next the Foot-ftalk, and fivelling rowards the point, being diftinguiflyd in
the middle by a Partition into two Cells, which contain {ome large Brown
Seeds. |
It grew in the Ifland of Barbados, where I gathered it, if I rightly remem-
ber, but this Defctiption being moftly taken from a dryed Plant is not fo cx-
act as it ought to be, though it is plainly of the fame kind with Valli-npy-
dali, EZ, Malab. and \ could not bring it fo near co apy of the Ewropeaw kinds
‘as the Zeucria. . | taq dou )
Phafcolus utriufqne dadic tobis villohs pangentibus miniy. Ferm. par. Bat. prod.
pe 364.) Cat. pl. Fam. p- 69. Phaferius Braftliowns poliqua denrente lanugtue ob-
jita racine frudts tort. Reg. Par. p. 40. The ftinging Bean Ger. ewnac.p 1215.
An phaleolus orientalis pruritumexcitans hirfutie filiquarum foutty nigro [plendeme.
Pluken. Alm. p.rz92.2 id (i s nell aida to ¢
It grows plentifully in Barbados. les of 300
The Root boiled: and given: provokes Urine, with ‘Oil boiled it Cures the
Gout and Zry/ipelas, with the Root: Cocinit xx: is pood in Purulem Urine 5 the
Leaves beaten and applied are'good for Ulcers. The Beans caven are pro-
vokers to Venery.. Ad: MM.
Twelve Pods of this infus'd in two Quarts of ‘Bear: and half a Pint of
the infusion given every morning vo drink, is‘acorcain Romedy for the Dropfie.
Ri. Hift. pl. p.887. This Remedy has been aryed in the Eu/l-Jndies by
Mr. Buckley, and found faccefsful there. Iso a
_, Lyfimachia lutea non pappofu, anetia, foliis glubvis frattn caryoplylicide. Cut.'pl.
tam. p. 85. paths age M ;
/ Thee is in every thing the farne with the Casenranbayn Micgr. orlly fomewhat 73). 11.
_feffet; the Leaves are wot ‘hairy but fmooth, elfe whe fame ‘with ic inevery Fiz. 1.
thing bofides. — g Oe 3 epee
Ie grew in Barbados in Watery places. .s nor ? :
\Malvi, vel alcea sprvicofa, ribthi folzis, fominibus afporis. Cat. pl. Fam. p.96.
_ The Twigs of this Plant had Leawes fet on ‘them alternatively, having a-
bout half an Inch Foorfialks, my were: almoft round, of about an Inch and
a half Diameter, deeply laviniated, or cut in on the Edges into three ‘parts,
each whereof were indented and finuated about the Badges; they were rough
on the apper fide, and of a dury green colour, and pale or whitifh below, Tab. tt.
being fomewhar like shofeof aCarran Bufh, or Ribes. Ex alis foltoram come Mg. 2-
the Flowers in a Calix having almoft no Foot-ftalk encompafled by any
gin L obtola

ae,

—

ry

356

A Voyage t0 JAMAICA.

Tab. tf.
Fig. 3.

Tab. 12,
Fig. 1.

- p- 184: Cat. ple. Famep. 27-10 Visi ‘

Foliola to which follows feveral large rough Lappaceous or Echinated Seeds,
having many little Prickles on their outfides, being in fhape and difpofition
like to the other Mallows.

{ found it inthe Wfland of Barbados. |

Solanum bacciferum fruticofum, ftipitilas cy foliis majoriius, [pinis feroctoritus
armatis. Cat. pl. fam. p.108. |

This is in every thing like the Solanum fruticofum bacciferum {pinojam flore
cweruleo. Cat. pl. Fam. p. 108. only larger, the Prickles are very red, fharp,
thicker fet, and much ftronger, being fomewhiat like thofe of the Wild Rofe,
and not only fet on the Stems, but likewife on the backfides of the Leaves
along their middle Rib, being very like to it in other things : the Leaves are
much larger, and the Fruit is the fame, there being many flat whitifh Seeds in a
Pulp, as in others of this kind.

I had it in Barbados and the Caribes. : rhe

Solanum pomiferum tomentofum, frutlu pyriformi inverfo. Cat. pl. Fam.p. 108.

This is in every thing like the Furepeba of Pio, only the Fruit is as large
as an ordinary Pear, of a yellow colour, turbinated, and exactly of the fame
fhape, from a large round beginning growing {maller to the top, which is like
a Nipple, the whole Fruit having the Figure of a Pear inverted.

It grows plentifully about Bridgetown in Barbados. | i

The Root (if this be Fvabeba) is bitter, and opening efpecially clearing tlic
Urinary paflages, but becaufe ’tis too bitter, ic may be help’d with the American
Liquorice. Pio. :

Planta de qua. moxa colligitur, forte artemifia vulgaris. J.B. tom. 3: lib. 26.

_ I wastold by an Ingenious Planter at Barbados, whofe name J have forgot,
but who took much pains about Exotic Plants, that he had cultivated‘an: Herb
from the Ea/t-Indies, which he conceived to be the Plant. which there yielded
them their Moxa 3 it feemed to. me:in every thing to be the fame with the 47s
mifia vulgaris, J. B. For having had the favour of the. aforefaid Gentleman to
fend. to his Plantation for it, the. Meflenger brought rolled up in:a'piece of
Paper, a Branch of this Plant, as it feemed, broken fromthe main.Stem. | It
was about a Foot long, the Stalk round, reddifh, folid, having a great Pith,
and Leaves placed alternatively: without any: order, ::very like the Leaves of
our ordinary Mugwort, they. being laciniated after the fame way, of a dark
green colour above, and covered over beneath with a woolly 7 omestum making
them white. This Wool being gathered is perhaps what they call Afoxs, the
Leaves, weré im:handling. fomewhat Odoriferous.. ‘Towards the tops, from

_. the Bofoins of thofe fioall eaves .catné: without any; Foot-fialks; fone fall

roundith; ftriated ;; whitith, :wodlly:| Heads,s Which ‘I také co havébeen the
Flowers budding out, but becaufe I didinot fee them, cannor:aflirm pofitively
than ’tis the fame; .alchough if Iremember right, the aforefaid. Ingenious. Per-
fon told me he knew no difference. This <Artemifia is taken notice of by
Clufius to have. growh in allthofe parts of Ewrope he travell’d, and I faw it
though not Wild,‘ yet thrive very well in the Wef-Jndia Gardens, and I fee
no Reafon why we may not allow it to grow Wild in the Ea/t-Zndies and
tobe that Plant from whence Moxa is gathered. The Moxa or Cotton may
be either what's Natural on: the\back fides of its Leaves, or rais’d on it by

. Infe@s: as the .Bedeguar. on'-the, Wild-Rofe. . .

Melanomma&\melanoxyloh arbor laurifolia: nucifera gemmis nigricantibus Ameri-
cana Plukenct., Phyt.. tab..205.; fig 13+ Cat. ple Fam. p. 135.

I found it in the Iland of Barbados.

Evedexylum fen lignum odoratwm :Americanum folio amplo fubrotundo profunde
venofo fructu glandiformi beretini inftar nullo calice donato. . Plukenet. phytogr. tab.
176, fig. 1- Cate pl. Fam p. 136. ye

This

A Voyage to JAM AIGA. ae 39

MOO nt og

This Tree was large, and had Twigs covered with a brown Bark, under
Which wasa hard Wood, the Leaves were placed at its ends without any or-
der, ftandingon ftrong Inch long Foot-ftalks, They themfelves weré rdtndith
about Six Inches long, and Four broad in the mi'dle where broadeft, béing
fhining, and {mooth on the upper fide, but uneven on the under, octafioned
by feveral Nerves running varioufly through it, making Furréws onthéup
per fide. } a bd eons!

[ found it inthe Ifland of Barbados. i . nm

Laurifolia vencnata, folio leviter ferrato, oblonga, obtufo, copiofum Lac prebens.
Cat. ft Fam. p. 136. eri Pa sage eo)

The Trunk of this Tree was of about Two or Three Foot Diameté?,
rifing Forty or Fifty Foot high, and yielding Milk in alf its parts Very ‘plenti-
fully as the Tree commonly called Milk-Wood in Jamaica, to which ‘it was
very like in all its parts, excepting that the Leaves of this had more ttant
verié parallel Veins than it, they were not {fo much pointed, bur more Round
or Oval, and ferrated very eafily on the Edges. ae ae

I found it in the Roads every where in the Ifland of Barhados. “°° \%

_ Fellers of Wood take care of the Milk of this Tvée coming’ on their
Faces or Eyes, it making them Blind fora Month: two Horfes quarrelliny in
a Wood, this Juice coming into their Eyes Blindéd them,, 7:20). Theie Bodtde
when dried the Poifon evaporates, and then théy/are made into Suigat-POts, 27,
Its Shade is thought. hurtful. mo. tata eS ablg Smo!

Periclymenum rectum, falvia folio easel mipnore fubrotutido. . ‘Gul: pl. fiw p. 164.

This was about the heighth of Garden-Sage, having towards the top rough
four {quare, hoary, Stalks, on. which ftood Leaves oppofjte to one another,
ona quarter of an Inch rough Foot-ftalks, they were alnig round, of about
three quarters of an Inch Diameter, having oné middle “Rib, fending’ everdl
Tranfverfe Fibres through the Leaf, which is corrugated, on its Sutface, like
the Leaves of Sage, and indented about thé Edges, #x alit oliorwn viles {eVetal
Foot-halks about Two. Inches long, fuftaining a {mall Head made ‘upoF{e-
veral pale fmall Flowers, whofe Ore are divided ito feveral Sections; and td
‘which, although I did not fee the Fruit, yet I. queftion nor. but the fame kind
followed, astotheothers of the fame Family tobe defcribed heréafter,

Jt grew inthe Ifland of Barbados, oo > cannes siete cae \
_ Chriffophoriana Americana Malabathri foliis dcuminasis nou fs dent etd. P fhkenct.
tab. 159+, fi. 10, Cat. pl. Fam, p.164. Sidi maha _ re |

[found it inthe Ifland of Barbados, whence 1 brought foie dried Samples
of it,.; | ee ee

Arbor Americana Malabathri [ubrotundis foliis, fubtus lanugine ferruginea vil-

¢

lofis. Plukenct. tab. 249. fig. 3. Cat. pl. Fam. p. 164. 0 8
Mis feemed to be in Flowers, Leaves, dc. in all thitigs the famé’ with the
others of the fame Family, only it was leffer in the Leaves than moft, of them,

atdd above, ‘in: which

they were fomewhat rufty on the back fide, and ae d C,
it was differing from. all the others. The ‘Leaves ftand oppofice one to. the
other, and they were of a dark greén colour!’ 83°" agin
_. [found itin the Ifland of Barbados, 0
Grolfularia fruttu non Ipinofa, Malabathri™ faliis. oblding és: ‘floribus hérbaceis race-
mofis, fruciunigro. Aninga peri. Pif. (Ed. 1648.) p. 116. (Ed. 1658.) p. 2.18.
Fonft. Dendr.r69,, Cat. pl. Fam p. 165. Av’ Arbufcula Famaicenfiis Malabathri
angu/tiorbus foliis leviter crenatis fuperna facie per ficcitatem® nigris, [ubtus au-
tem argeateis Cy pralevore [plendentibus - Plukengt, P hyt. tab. 265 . fig. 1. Almag.
: f: 49 fy OT jOViNg t bea ' ; mtne Ja JL
~~ "Ehis Shrub. rifles fometimes Ten Foot high, though’ very often ’tis ‘about
- ae only, A one is {mall, branch’d, having a {mooth whitifh Bark ;
its Leaves ftand on half an Inch Foot-ftalks oppofite t6‘one another; ci -
‘ nches

40

A Voyage 0 JAMAICA

Tab. 14,
Fig. 4.

Zab. 13.
Pig.

Inches long, one and a half broad itt che middle where broadeft: of a very dark

sreen colour, having three Ribs running through the Leaf ftom the Foot-
falks énd, With tran{verfe ones aftet the manner of the others of this kind, of
the Folivm usd in the Shops: the tops of the Branches are Bunches of {mall
whire Flowers, to which fuccéed {0 many {mall, black, round, fmooth crowned
Berries, having in a purplif Pulp, feveral very {mall black Seeds.

It grows ina Gully near the Town of St. Fago de la Vega, in moft Gullies in
Jamaica, and in all the Caribes. | |

Pifo, in his Defcription of this Plant, fays, firft, That the Leaves are Z,-
nuginofa, and then Veluti Lanuginofa, which {hows his flight way of defcribing.
He fays likewife that the Leaves powdered, or Juice of them, Cure fre(h
and inveterate Ulcers by the firft intention, if they be put into them very
deep. .

Seflularie fruttu non fpinofa, Malabathri foliis, fubtus niveis, frudtu racemofc,
in umbelle modum difpofito. Cat. pl. Fam. p. 165. Saimbntus Barbadenfitus ditla
foliis {ubincanis. Plukenet, tab. 221. fig. 6. | |

This appeared in every thing to be the fame with the former, only the
Leaves were white underneath, aiid extremely pretty ; the Fruit ftands in an
Umbel at top, after the manner of Elder Berries, they making a more Hori-
zontal Surface than the preceeding, whofe Berties are nor fo numerous, and
fome plac’d higher, others lower.

— [found it in Barbados or Nieves, which of them! remember nor.

Lycium forte, foliis fubrotundis integris, fpinis © foliis ex adverfo fitis, Cat.

pl. Fam. p.w71. |

coloured, and fomewhat Scabrows, ot tough ba he Twigs, SA Metin were
ut three quatters of an Tach Dia-

tifing ex corum alis... Thi y ate of a dark grécn colour above, and finooth.
2

ee ted

I gathered it in Barbados. 1, ie: & i

Prunifera vel nucifera feu nuci prunifera arbor Americana precel{a angusiis lan-
vifoliis Lete virentibus maftichen odoratam Jundens. Plokenet. tab. rx7. z.5.
Cat. pl. Fam.p. 108. es al

This is-oneof the laygeft Trees, aad higheft of the Iland of Barbados,

Where, it grows every Where, and is in ufé for all forts of Buildings, The
Twigs wére brown-and fivooth, having Leaves with very fhort, if any Foot-

ftalks, being themfélves about three Inches long, and about an Inch broad in
the middle. where broadeft, apd hence it decreafes to both extremes, being
of a very curious green colour, {mooth and fhining, fomewhat like to Bay-
Leaves, having one middle, and feveral tranfverfe Nerves running very curi-
oufly through the Leaf which is hard aad sot fucculent. The Fruit was a

curbinaced {mall Plum Of the bigaefs and fhape of a-Hazel-Nut, having under

a Mem-

é

A Voyageto JAMAICA. 41

a Membrane a thin Pulp, covering a very large and {mooth Stone, which is
hard, and includes a white Kernel. i

It grew every where in the Ifland of Barbados.

Malus arantia, fructw rotundo maximo pallefcente humanum caput excedente.
Cat. pl. Fam, p.112. Vencu Sinenfium Martin. Atl. Sinen{ Lufitan. Famlboa. Raii
hift. plant. p.1793. Malus Arantia utriu{que Indie fruétu omnium maximo co fua-
viffimo ; Belgis orientalibus Pompelmus, Virginienfibus noftratibus (ab Inventoris no-
mine qui ex Ind. orient. ad oras Americanas primo tranftulit) Shaddocks andiunt.
Pluken. Almag. p.r39.
_ This Tree is in every thing like an Orange-Tree, only larger, the Leaf has Tab. 12.
a {mall Leat before the other larger, as has the ordinary Orange. The Fruit Fig. 2, 3.

is, round as big as a MansHead. The Rind is yellow and {mooth, not thick,

and the Pulp is very Aromatick, befidesit has fweetifh a four Taft. There is
a paey or another fort of this with the Pulp and Rind of an Orange
colour.

They are planted in Famaica, and thrive extremely well, though I mutt
confefs, I think, that as in Famaica their China Oranges are better than thofe
in gpiereatss fo in Barbados their Shaddocks furpais thofe of Famaica in good-
nefs.

The Seed of this was firft brought to Barbados by one Captain Shaddock,
Commander of an Eafl-Jndia Ship, who touch’d at that Ifland in his Paflage
to England, and left its Seed there. ,

After Ten Days flay at Barbados we {er Sail, and came the next Morning,

December 6. in fight of Santa Lucia. This is inhabited by a {mall number of Of Santa
People from Barbados, (within fight of which it lies) who keep it on the ac- Lucia.
count of its Wood, which it has in plenty, and they at Barbados very much

want. It has been difputed by the French whether the Exgli(h were Proptie-

tors of it, or they; but I was told that being in the Pofleflion of the Englifh

at the time of the Signing the Treaty of Neutrality with France in 1687. ie

fhould remain quietly to them hereafter. I have heard that it abounds with

great variety of Serpents.

The fame day we had fight of Martinico, by fome Matalina, Matinino or Of Marti-
Martinino, an \land belonging to the French: called by Columbus Matinino, “sco.
diftant Ten Leagues from Dominica, Col. 195. In 14°. North-Latitude, and
322. Longit. Philips. Hakl. 477. Jt was the firft Plantation the French had
in the Curibes, and if I was not mifinform’d, the Mother of their other Plan-
tations: the Inhabitants are reckoned Twelve hundred.

We came the Seventh in fight of Dominica, which is an Wfland belonging of Domi-
to the Caribe Indians, who are at prefent Inhabitants of it. It was difcovered nico.
in Columius’s Second Voyage to the Weft Indies, after Twenty Days Sail of
Seven hundred and fifty, or Eight hundred Leagues from Gomera, and in Fif-
teeen Days from the Canaries by Landoniere. It was fo called becaufe difco-
vered on a Sunday. It has two Hot Baths in it, and ufed to afford Reftcth- t Col. 93.
ment tothe Fxnglifh Sailing that way *. *Sir Anthony

Afterwards we came in fight of Guadalupe, which is an Iland inhabited by Séirley, 599.
the Freach. It had its Name from S. Maria di Guadalupe, and was difcovered Purchas. d
November 4. by Chriftopher Columbus in his Second Voyage. ah oi zy
— On December 8. we came within Thirteen Leagues of Moxferrat, fo called ae
from its heighth +, and difcovered in Columbus’s Second Voyage : it is not very { Col. f. 97.
large. This Ifland is very well furnifhed with good Water. It has a River, Of Monfer-
afmall Town, and many Sugar-Works. _ It has abour Two thoufand Whites, '¢-
(moftly Zrifh,) on it,and is Subject to the Exglifh. The Caprain-General of the
Leeward Caribe Iflands, who generally Refides at Nieves, has always the
Command of it, and a Deputy-Governor there. They are furnifhed here
with fome Money for Traffick

M Between

AVoyageto JAMAICA.

Of Redon-

do.

t Col.97-

* Harcourt.
Smith,

} Laet. 26.
Of Nieves.

Tab. 14

Between Monferrat and Nieves lies a very fmall Iland called Redondo or
Rotonda, difcovered by Columbus in his Second Voyage, who gave it the Name
of Santa Maria Rotonda, from its Figure ft. {t confilts of one Rock very Per-
pendicular and high, looking like a Pyramid, and as if there were nothing
but Rock; but! was inform’d by thofe who have been upon it, that there is
on its top an Acre or two of very good Ground, that it has a very good
Landing Place, and a Well of very good frefh Water. It has alfo great {tore
of Zeuanas of a blackifh colour. Many Boobies, and other Birds that come
hither to lay their Eggs at proper Seafons.

On Friday the oth. of December we came to Anchor in Nevis Road, in Se- |
yen Fathom Water.

Nieves, fometimes Mevis or Meves*, was inhabitedin 1628 4. It Confifts of
one Mountain of about Four Miles heighth to the top, whence is an eafie
defcent to all parts of the {fland; but fteepeft towards the Tewn where is
the Road. They have neither Springs nor Rivers, but have what Water
they make ufe of from Cifterns receiving the Rain-Water. The Ground is
cleared almoft to the top of the Hill, where yet remains fome Wood, and
where are Run-away Negros that harbour themfelves in it. There are about

Two thoufand Inhabitants here, who being gathered together for the Duke of
Albemarle to Review, 1 found more Swarthy, or of a yellowith fickly look,
than any of the Inhabitants of thefe Iflands. The Town or Road is well for-
tified with Batteries, anda Fort. They have little Money, but Buy and Pay
with Sugars which are blackifh. Their Horfes, which are {mall, as well as
many of their Provifions, come from Barbuda, an Wand not far diftant where
Cattle are bred. I went to the top of the Hill to gather Plants, and though
it had nor did not Rain at bottom; yet I was taken there in fo great Showers
that I was wet unto the Skin. There is here an hot Spring affording a con-
ftantly running Rivulet of Water, made ufe of for all purpofes as common
Water. I found here the following Plants.

Filix arborea ramofa, caudice non divifo, pinnulis anguftis raris obtufis integris.
Cat. pl. Fam. p.r2.

As tothe Trunk, and the manner of its growth (as well as I can remember)
this was the fame withthe Tree Fern of Famaica, in the whole Face of the Tree
and Leaves, refembling a young Tamarind-Tree. The Foot-ftalks and middle
Ribs of this Trees Leaf were not prickly, but their Stalks {mooth, large, and of
a reddifh green colour: the Branches and Twigs rofe out of it alternatively,
and the Pisnule were blunt, even, not dented about the Edges, and were a-
bout half an Inch long, being join’d at bottom to the Twig, but having a defect
between them becaufe of their narrownefS. The Pizaule were of a dark green
colour, and pretty thick.

This I gathered in the Mountain which makes the Ifland of Nieves, to-
wards the rop, in a Gully where it grew very plentifully.

; Gramen dattylon bicorne tomentofum maximum, Jpicis numerofifimis. Cat. pl.

Am. Pp. 33.

This has many ftrong Thongs, or large white Filaments, which are Two
or Three Inches long tapering, and taking firm hold of the Earth. The Stalk
rifes Three, Four, or Five Foot high, and has at bottom many Leaves enclofing

it, andone another, after the manner of fome of the Cyperus-Grafles ; cach of

them being Two Foot long, with a fharpBack, being harfh, narrow, and fome-

thing like thofe of the Cyperus-Grafles. The Stalk is {treight, round, pale
green, as big as a Goofe-Quill, made up of Four or Five Joints, the {paces
between them being covered with a Leaf, from the uppermoft of which to-

_wards the top go Twenty, Twenty four, or a great many Petiolz or Foot-

ftalks jointed, and from whofe Joints go other fmaller Petiolz, making in all,
both a little under, and at the top itfelf, a vaft number of Pannicles, each of
which

A Voyage to J A MAICA. 43

be ek et

which is divided into Two Spikes ftanding like Horns, after the manner of
Gramen i{chemon bicorne, Each of them has very much long, foft, very white
Down, or Zomentum much finer than Cotton, and fometimes onc may per-
ceive among them fome few Coarfer Hairs which I take to be Arifte,

This vaties in being fometimes of a reddifh or purplith colour, which I fup-
pofe proceeds only from the Age of the Plant.

It grew under the top of the Hill or Mountain making the Ifland of
Nieves, and near the Angels, on the other fide of the River, as well as in {es
veral other placcs of the Ifland of Fameaica.

The /ndians told Pifo that the Roots of this beaten, and given with any
convenient Liquor, was a proper Remedy to expel Poifon.

Gramen avenaceum, panicula minus fparfa, glumis alba fericea lanugine obduttis.

Cat. pl. Fam. p. 35.

The uppermoit Joint of this GrafS had a Six Inches long graffie Leaf,

which by its under part enclofed the Culmus beneath, this Joint was about a
Foot long, by which one may guef$ that the whole Graf was very high ; the
Panicle was at top, being about Four Inches long, not very fparfe, made up
of many Petiolz, or Spikes ftanding round, or taking their original alterna- Tb. 14:
tively without any order from the top of the Culmus; each of thele Petiolj Fig. 2.
had faftened to them by very fimall and fhort Foot-f{talks, feveral reddifh, ob-
Jong, pointed Grains or Secds, fomething of the fhape of Oats, lying be-
tween two Giume or chafly Membranes, which were on the out fide covered
over with a pretty long filken Lanngo, Tomentum, or Cotton, which diftin-
guifhes it {ufficiently from others near akin to it.

I found it in Madera, or one of the Caribes, and if 1 remember right ic
was in the Ifland Nieves.

Urtica racemofa, fruticofa, anguftifolia, frucin tricocco. Cat. pl. Fam. p. 38.

This has a cornered woody Stalk covered with brown at bottom, but at
top green Bark, having many fierce Hairs on them, and Leaves coming out
alternatively, firft on one fide, then on another. They have half an Inch
Foot-ftalks, with many ftrong Hairs, the Leaves themfe!ves being Three 725. 16,
Inches long, and not an Inch broad near the round Bafe where broadeft, Fig. 1.
from thence they decreafe to their tops, where they end in a point, being
deeply ferrated on their Edges, and having little Hair on them. ‘Towards
the tops of the Branches come Ex alis foliorum an Inch and a half long
Strings, to which ftick the Fruit, which ar firft is very fall and tricoccous,
growing larger and rough, with long Hairs on its out-fide, each of the three
round fides containing one large {triated roundifh Seed.

TY found it in one of the Caribe Iflands, and cannot pofitively affirm it to
be ftinging, but believe irto be that of Pzfo.

Piper longum felio nervofo, latiori, Cy tenniori, atroviridi. Cat. pl. Fam.p. 45.

This is in every thing like what in Famaica is called Spanifh Elder, only the
Leaves are thinner, broader (efpecially at Bafe,) of a darker green colour,
having their Ribs lefs apparent than it, and being fmooth, otherwife as to
manner of growing, cc. “Tis exactly the fame.

I found it in one of the Caribes.

Amaranthoides frutico{um, foliis longis, anguftis, fubtus miveis. Cat. pl. Famp. 48.

An Polygonum ereitum lignofum rorifmarini foliis Virginianum. D. Banifter,
Pluk. Alm.p 302?

The Stalk of this Plant was ftreight, woody, covered with a {mooth, red-
difh brown Bark ; at every Inch or two having Leaves greater and lefler, a- Zab. 7.
bout 1,2, or3, the largeft having a very fhort Foot-ftalk, being about two Mg. 3.
Inches long, and three quarters of an Inch broad in the middle where broad-
eit, from the Foot-ftalk increafing to the middle, and thence decreafing and
ending in a point, being {mooth, dark green on the upper fide, and ony

white

Af

ee)
e

A Voyase to JAMAICA

= |

Tab. 9,
Fig. 4.

Tab. 7.
Fig. 5.

white underneath. Ex alis foliorum ftands without any Foot-ftalk a round con-
glomerated Head for Flowers, made up of many white dry Membranes laid
very clofe Squammatim one by another like the others ot this kind.

{ found it in Madera Wand, or one of the Caribes,

Aparines folio anomala vafculo feminali rotundo multa femina minntifioa con-

tinente. Cat. pl Fam. p.50. —
_ The Branches of this were woody, covered with a fmooth Bark about a
Foot and a half long, cornered, and having Leaves plac‘d at the Joints two
always oppofitethe one to the other, being about an Inch and a half long,
and about an eighth part of an Inch broad at Ba{e where broadett, and
whence it decreafes, ending in a point, being fmooth, equal on the Edges
and Carinated; Fx alsis foliorum comes a roundith {mall Body, a little prickly
or hairy at top, which augments ’till it is round as big as a Pepper Corn, as it
were crowned at top, and which contains within it one Cell, which is full of
{mall Seed like that of Henbane, {ticking to a Body which is in its Center.

I found it in Barbados, or one of the Caribes.

Colocafta hederacea fterilis latifolia. Plumicr, p.37. fig. 5%. lit. a. & fig. 52%
Cat. pl. Fam. p. 63.

This I obferved in the Woods of the Ifland of Nieves.

On tafting the end of the Stalk of this Plant Father Plumier found his
Mouth fo inflamed that he could not fpeak for two Hours, but was forced to
Keep his Mouth open, his Tongue hanging out. Oxyerat took away the Jn-
flammation, but the Acrimony of the Juice had fo burnt his Tongue and the
Roof of his Mouth, that he could not taft any thing in Ten Days.

Puleginm longiffimis latiffimi[que foliis. Cat.pl. Fam. p. 64. |

This had fourfquare hollow Stalks, having Joints at Iwo or Three Inches
diftance, at which ftand the Leaves Oppofite to one another, being about an
Inch and an half long, and three quarters of an Inch broad, {mooth, equal on
the Edges, being broadeft in the middle, and pointed at both ends, having
one middle Rib, and feveral lateral apparent ones going to the Edges, with-
out a Foot-ftalk, but having a Membrane furrounding the joint where ’tis {et
on, enclofing the Stalk and feveral Hairs or Threads, or {oft Prickles, fome
longer, fome fhorter, as well as Branches, having {maller Leaves. Towards
the cop come at the Joints feveral Verticillz, being Heads pretty thick fet
round the Stalk, made up of feveral Flowers, Apices or Seeds, under which
are gencrally Two Leaves as the others below, only much {maller.

It grew in one of the Caribes, but which I do not remember, neither
were my Obfervations about it very exact when I gather’d it, moft being taken
from the dry’d Plant, fo that I am not certain if it Smells, or be a Puleginm.
Mr. Pettiver had it both from Guinea and Barbados. |

Legumen trifolium fub terra frudtum edens. Raii hift. pl. p. 919. Cat. pl.

Am. p.7 3.
s I rik this in fome of the Caribe Ilands, but where I remember not,

Althea fpicata betonice folio villofo, fpica breviori ¢» laxiori. Cat. pl.

1, P. 97.
i This bas feveral woody, round, reddifh Branches, hollow, and having
Leaves fet on alternatively ftanding, on half an Inch Foot-ftalks, being of a-
bout an Inch long, and three quarters of an Inch broad near the round Bafe -
where broadeft, and whence they decreafe, ending in a Point, being Serrated
about the Edges, extremely hairy, hirfure, or woolly, of a yellowifh green
colour, ex als fol. come {mall Branches, on which, and onthe ends of the
Twigs, come in Pentaphyllous, villofe calices, the Flowers, Spike fafhion one a-
bove another, after the manner of Althea Americana pumila flore luteo Spicato
Breyniz, to which follows feveral Seeds, about Five in number, of the {hape

of thofe of Mallows, and fec round after the {ame manner. |
J met

A Voyage o JAMAICA. 45

I met with this Plant in one of rhe Caribe Iflands. :

Colutee afinis fruticofa Pimpinelle folio, filiquis falcatis bovinorum cornuum in
modum difpofitis. Cat. pl. p. 142. |

This Branch. was covered with a long Ferruzineous Wool, making it
rough, under which was a hard Wood. It was frequently divided ‘into
Twigs which were fet pretty thick with Leaves at about an Inch diftance
afunder, each of them being aboutan Inch long, and half as broad near the 74d. 16,
Bafe where broadeft, and from whence they decreafe towards their ends toa Fg. 2.
Point, being very deeply cut in on the Edges, and {mooth, ftanding on #2 14
Foot-ftalks. Ex alis foliorum come the Pods. They are always two, ftand- 7% +
ing like Bulls Horns, being hairy, about an Inch long, crooked, pointed,
round, and having within them feveral finall Peafe.

{ found it in one of the Caribes.

Lauroceraft foliis filiquofa fruticofa. Cat. pl. Fam. p. 153.

The Twigs of this had under a thin green Bark a foft whitifh Wood and
large Pith, the Leaves {tood at the Joints oppofite to one another,, and fome-
times alternatively, having one third of an Inch long Foot-ftalks, they were
four Inches long, and about two broad near the middle, towards the far-
ther end where broadeft, being narrow at both extremes, having one mid- 724. 16.
dle, and fome crooked tranfverfe Ribs being equal, fucculent, and like to the 28: 3-
Leaves of Laurocerafus. 1c had at top a fhort crooked pointed Pod, with
two eminent Nerves on its Valves, parallel to the large one on its Back.

Jn grew in the Caribes, but where I remember not.

Arbor mali Perfice Mameye ditte foliis fubrotundis, acuminatis, ex adverfo
fitis. Cat. pl. Fam. p. 180.

This Tree had Twigs cover’d with a fmooth reddifh Bark, and Leaves’
coming out of the Joints by Pairs, fer oppofite to one another at about two 74?-7-Fig.2.
Inches diftance, having very {mall or no Foot-ftalks, being about two Inches
long, and one broad, near the round Bafe where broadeft, and whence it de-
creafed, ending in a Point, being fmooth even on the edges, and having
Veins running through its Leaf, very regularly after the manner of Mammee.

I found it inone of the Caribes.

The Bath here is taken notice of by fome Travellers, as /Zarcourt and Of the hot
Smith. The firft ays chat it cures the Leprofie: ts good in Coughs, it curing jar) at.
the Author, who drank and bathd. It alfo remedies burning with Gun-powder, Nieves.
and fwell’d Legs. Harcourt. Purchas. 1282. The fecond tells us that it
curd their Men intwo or three Days, who were tormented with a burning
Swelling, as {calding from the Dew of Trees, Smiths ob]. p. 57.

That hot natural Waters are fometimes when cold little elfe than common
Water, and ufed for it, is not only apparent from this, but likewife Purchas,
who informs us that Seamen furnith their Ships-at Zidore with Water hor ac if-
fuing out, but cold when it has ftood. Parchas, 44. And thatat Dehuge isa
Stream of hot Water, which put into a Veflel becomes cool and healthfome,
and is fo little differing from fair Water as to be drunk, and ferve other ules
to the Inhabirants inftead and in want of it. Elkington. Purchas li 4. 523-

Which, by the way, may let us {ee that ’tis not improbable that hor Waters owe
their warmth to fomething without, and not mix’d in them.

The Miners being {ent out inthis Iffand found here a Mineral out of which
Alum could be made. So Alawks ap. Hakl. 3+ p. 469. tells us tis na-
tural to New-Spain. And ’tis without queftion to be found in feveral places
of America, though in moft of them it will not defray the Coft of Making and
Carriage to Ewrope, where is its great demand for the ufe of Dyers

The Captain General of thefe Iflands, which was Sir Nathanael Fohnfon, ;
refided during our being here at Aniego. This Mand is not far diftant from Of Antego,

Nieves, and is thought to be on many accounts preferable to it, It was dil-
NS cover'd

46 A Voyage to JAMAICA.
cover'd in Colons Second Voyage, and called by him Sants Maria del Anti-
gua, 97. There werereckond Twothoufand White Inhabitants on it at the
time of ourbeing here. [t was told me when | was at Nieves thatin was very
difficult of Accef$; and dangerous for Ships, not well acquainted with the
Shoals about it, to land there. | |
Of Banbu- ~— Barbuda is depending on thefe Mlands:. it is {mall, moftly Pafture, and
da. breeds great ftore of Cattle of all forts, with which Colonel Cadrington
(to whom it belongs) keeps feveral Veffels that are always Trading with
the other Caribe Mlands. It has alfo Provifions. more than fuflicieat for
the Confumption of its Inhabitants. The Proprietor keeps a large Family
for its Defence. | Coo
We came from Nieves Road onthe Eleventh of December, in five Hourstime
Of St.Chii- to the old Road in St. Chriffophers, which 1s on its South fide, and fortified with
ftophers. a {trong Fort belonging tothe Exgli[h. . This land has no Harbour or Read on
its North fide,. Jt has a ridge of Hills runs through its middle, lying Batt and
Weft, as doesthe Ifland.’ There are deep Gullies, Rivulets, (or Torrents with
’ fleep Banks)on each fide of thefe Hills. This Ifland has the beft Water of any of
the Carihes and the Inhabitants look whiter, lefs fallow, and are of finer Com-
plexions than any of the Dwellers onthe other Iitlands It was inhabited (at the
time of my being here) by Freach and Eaglifh; the Englifh being inthe mid-
dle, and the Frevch at bothextremes. The Governor Colonel Hill Treated
his Grace the Duke of Albemarle ; and the French Governor hearing of his
coming afhore {ent hima Complement by an Officer. We fail’d along its South
fide, and came in fight of a great Hill which is called the Sulphur Mountain.
Iris bare, and J was told had great quantity of Brimftone in it... This Ifland
_was planted by Captain Warner with Fifteen People in 1623. Smiths OLff. p.
sr. they living on Tortle. ib. There were inthis Ifland {trong Hedges made
of that fort of Acacia defcribed by Aldinus, and that fort of Flower called
White Lilly in Jamaica, in abundance. _
Of Statia. _ We paftinfightof St. Euftache commonly called Statia, afmallround Ifland,
fome Leagues Weft, or to Leeward of St. Chriffophers. -It belongs to the
Dutch, who inhabit it, though it has had feveral Matters in time of War.
Of Saba. After paffing this Ifland -we came in fight of Saba, which likewife is inha-
bited by the Dutch, thoughin War it hasbeen feveral times attempted and
taken from them by other Nations.

The next Ifland was Santa Cruz, SantaCroce, call’d Azay, of Martyr. Decad.
and Ajay of Oviedo.” The Caribes, its Inhabitants, eat Men, and fome of them
were {ent into Spain. Ovied. This is larger chan moft of thefe Caribe Iflands:
and has been formerly inhabited by the Spaniards, but now is by a {mall
umber of French. \t lics Eaft and Weft, and has a ridge of Hills runs
_ through its middle.

Of Porto On Tufday the Thirteenth of December, we came in fight of Porto Rico, by
Rico. the Jndians called Burichena, Martyr. Decad. and Boriquen. by Oviedo. This
Wland commonly called by Sailers St. Fohms, or St. Juan de Puerto Rico, lies
Weft of this laft. It is large and well inhabited by Spaniards, who have a
Governor here. It has a ridge of Hills running through its middle Eaft and
Weft likewife. Sir Richard Greesvile who landed and fortified on this Ifland
p. 151. left it becaufe of the Maskitos flinging them there, ib. 4
Of Mona. The next Ifle we failed by was Movaa{mall Ifland Eaft of Hifpasiola, after
Of Hifpa- which we came to Sail along the fide of this laft mention’d Ifland. It is ver
niola. long, and has a ridge of high Hills cover’d with Wood, goes through it Eaft
and Weft, as ir lies ir felf It has lying off of it Alta bela, famous for Tor-
Alta bela. tles, where are a great many Eggs laid by them in the Sand, which are
.. there hatch’d. Tothe South, and near the Weft-en:l isanother Mfland called
ila de Vac. Lfla de Vacds, Ifle de Vaches, or corruptly by the Exelifh ie of Af: atthis

place

Of Santa
Cruz.

eee ne

3 Voyage to J AMAICA. 4.7

place the Eaglijh ufed to fith for Tortoife, cc. But now itis inhabited by
the Frezch, they pretend to hinder them.

The Freachinhabit one half of 7ifpaniola or St. Domingo, and are poflels’d

of chat part of ic which lies to the North, the Spaniards that to the South. Of Hifpa-
it had according to Ca/as three Millions of Inhabitants, whereof not two ™*
hundred remain’d in his time. It was called Quirguzia and Haiti by the
Natives, the firft from its Vaftnefs, the laft from its RoughnelS. Martyr.
tt was called likewife Cipango from its Gold Mountains, and by the Spaniards
firft Z/abella fromthe Queen, then from Hifpania, Ffifpaniola, and was count-
ed Four hundred and fifty Miles long, and Three hundred broad by Martyr.
And One hundred and fifty Leagues long, and Eighty broad by Oviedo. It
isin 18 or 20° Lat. Jd. There was One Million two hundred thoufand
Inhabitants on A/ifpaniola at firft, who being not ufed to Labour, were kill’d
moft of them by it Martyr.

Near Jamaica, (which is Seventeen Leagues Weft from Fifpaniola,) we met
the Fan/con Frigat {ent from that Ifland to wait for us; in a little time wecame
in fight of Morant, the moft weftwardly Point of Famaica; and onthe Nine-
teenth of December came fnto Port-Royal Harbour.

49

OE E

Natural Hultory
JAMAICA.

BOOK I

v

OF THE

Plants of J AMAICA.

Cuap. I.
Of Submarine Plants.

p. Hole growing in the Seas about Famaica, may be divided
gy into fuch as are of a ftony Subftance, as Corals, under
BsG—) which are comprehended Potes, ftony Mufhromes, ec.
7, thofe of awoody, or horny and tough Subftance, with a
1 wy A coralline Incruftation ; and thofe of an herbaccous or foft

moft part, upon drying, there flicks to them a White Subftance, chiefly
made up of Sea-Salt; and from this Concretion, or rather Salt, (without
the addition of any Alkali) fticking to the Leaves'of the Delisk (the hu-
mid parts of the Salt-water being evaporated) it is that that Plant is made
delightful to the /ri/h Palats.

Mokt of thefe Plants vary very much in their Colours, not only thofe Sea-
Shrubs, which have incruftations over them, when in their Maturity or
State, being fometimes Purple, or White on the fame Branch; but like-
wife, being thrown on Shore by the Waves, dafhing againft Stones, crc. they
lofe fome, moft, or all of their Cruft, and change their Face extremely. The
fame caufe makes all Corals here vary very much, being extremely White
as Snow, if they have lain on the Shore, expofed to the injurics of the Air,
and dafhing of the Sea, for fome time.

Oo But

Mo.Bot. Garden,

} >

Pie
at WS Re

ae

é.

Lhe Natural Hiftory of Jarnaica.

_— : |

Tab. 14.
Fig. 1.
Tab. 18.
Fig. 1.
Zab, 19.

But the moft common varicty of thefe Submazine Plants comes from rhe
Covferva Marina, and Froth of the Sca, which makes them, by being caft om
them, and dried withthem, of avery Green, or dirty Yellow Colour.

Several of this Tribe, and more than of others, have been in Europe, they
being to be met with at che firft landing of Scafaring Men, and not growing
in the inland parts, whither Sailers feldom go; add to tltis, chat they are for
the moft part from their falter, harder, and drier Confiflence, eafilier kept
from Corruption, and by their Beauty more tempting than other Vegetables;
fothat the Cabinets of the Curious, Shops of Drugfters, Surgcons, Barbers,
and Apothecaries have abounded with greater Varietics of this, than any
other kind.

The moft part of Corals themfelves having ftriated Lines, ‘and many
of them flarry Pores, which are put by mott Authors for the Characte-
riflitks of Pores, as diftinct from Corals ; I fhall not give thofe Corals I met
with in Famaica, the names of Pores which feems to belong to molt, if not
all of them to be found here; but only call them Coralia porof7, to diftine
guifh them from the more folid.

I fhall put the Corallines with the Fratices Marini, or Sea-Shrubs, which are
made up of a horny, tough Matier, with a Coralline incruftation, becauié
moft of them haye a Nerve or Thread running through them, which ala
though the laft herein defcribed {tem to be quite deftitute of, yet becaule
of its not being erect, and fmallnefs, it fhall be reckoncd by me a Coralline,

For the name Spongie Spurie, 1 make ufe of it here to fignifie any fibrous,
reticulated fpongy Body, growing in the Sea, and thrown up by the Waves,
which notwithftanding it be very like in many things to a true Spunge, it is
yet harder; fothat tis not eafily preffed, nor has much clafticity,neither doth
dit fuck up Water as that docs, which are the marks of true Sponges. The
Bodies would by fome be called Alcyonia.,

The way of Propagation of this whole Tribe, which lies much from our
Sight or Obfervation, has been very obfcure, it feems to be different in the
feveral Kinds of them, as to the harder ot {tory Plants, there is fome ac»
count of their Propagationtin giving a Defcription of the Affroites, or flat
Stone: there is likewife fomewhat of the growth of Corals, in the account
of fome of thofe I found growing; and as to the Fci, or thofe of a fofter
or herbaceous Confiftence, their Seed has been difcovered, (and ihewed me
firft) by the Induftry of the Ingenious Herbaritt, Mr. Samuel Doody, who
found on many of this Kind folid Tubercles, or rifings in fome Seafons,
wherein were lodged feveral round Seeds, as big as Muftard-Seed, which,
when Ripe, the outward Membrane of the Tubercle breaking, leaves the
Seed to float up and down with the Waves. This Seed coming near Stones,
or any folid Foundation, by means of a Mucilage it carries withit, ftickste
them, and fhoots forth Ligule with Branchcs, and in time comes ro its Per-

fetion and due Magnitude.

1. Corallinm afperum candicans adulterinum. Cap. pl. Jam. prs J.B. 139. ¢.3%
Raii hift. p62. Gypfum Coralloides Boct. de Boot. p.321- Muf. Swam. p. 19. Corale
lium foffile exalbidum, pennam gallinaceam crafjum, ramulis alias pluribus, fepius
bints alias amputatis. Luid. lith. Brit. p. 6. No. 92,93. Tab.3. No. 92. An Com
vallii albi [pecies minima duas uncias lata, e Scopulogypfeo enata. Muf. Swam. p. 17?

One Kind, or Variety of this, Zab.17. Fig. 1. was broad at Bafe, about
two Inches, and about one quarter of an Inch thick, three or four Inches high,
whitifh, {moother than any of the other Corals 1 met withal here, though a

litticrough, and haying {ome few Pores, folid, and white within when broken,
continuing

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 51

continuing broad to the end, which were round tips like thofe of Harts-
horn, half an {nch long, flanding out from the margin of the broader part
every way, which was moftly flat, though fometimes branched ; thefe points
or tips, which are fomtimes crooked, growing larger, united, and having
their Interftices between them filled up, make the broadeft part of this
Coral, it appearing to be nothing elie than the tips join’d together, and
having holes in thofe places where the {pace between themis larger, and not
fo foon fill’d as the others, fomething refembling thofe round Cakes of
Bread made by the fers at Eaffer. And of this, as to manner of growth,
there is very great variety, the chicf mark of it being from its colour
and folidity ; the moft remarkable varicties being in the under parts of it
being broad or roundifh, the Interftices filled up or not, and its round
Branches growing parted from one another every way, or being extended one
Way. |

{t is to be found on moft of the Shoals about the Ifland, and very
plentifully on the Northern Coaft of Zifpaniola, where the Silver Ship was
wreck d, much of this kind having been fifhed up with it.

There are many varieties of this growing on Sea Shrubs, of various fhapes
and figures, but all agreeing in being more ftony and folid than the other
a although it be porous within, and rough on the outfide. Zab. 18.
Mig. I.

One fort of it I have growing all round. a common Glafé Bottle, this
Bottle was by chance or Earthquake, thrown into the Sea in Port-Royal Har-
bour, and thence taken up by a Diver, whom the Reverend Mr Scambler fent to
the bottom of the Sea to take up Moncey and Goods he had loft in the great
Earthquake. It is figured. Zab.19. ‘This fhews the Seed of Coral to be liquid.

I think the kind of Foffl Coral found in Oxfordfbire, and mentioned by
Mr. Luid. Lithophilac Brit. p.6. No.92. & 93- {eems to be this. It is there
figured, No. 92. Zab. 3. ! rE

This is pretty well figured by Gefzer, and 7. B.

: If. Corallium Album pumilum noftras. Cat. noft.p.t. Raii hift. p. 62. Tab.18. Tab. 18s
"12. 2. Fig. 2,
I could not find any great difference between the Coral found on the ;
Weft Coaft of England, and this in Famaica, and very little between it and
one I had given me by Mr.George Handifyd, who brought it from the Streights
of Magellan, with many other Natural Curiofities : this laft was a little higher,
more branched, le{S crooked, and flenderer; That I gathered in Famaica, was
not over an Inch high with many very crooked Branches, {mooth and folid:
it grew on Rocks, Shells, &c. in the bottom of the Sea, as alfo in roundith
lumps or mafles, whence it is fometimes caft on Shore. It is ufed in the
London Shops for White Coral ; and Gerard defcribes this Englifh one, giving’
the figure of the White Coral, taken from Lobelius’s Icones.

This fort which grows in Famaica, is found about Falmouth in England,
hot growing (as I have heard) but thrown thither by the Storms, broken
to pieces.

5 2

The Natural Hiffory of | Jamaica.

Branches join’d or anaftomos'd frequently one with another, tapering towards
the top, and ending milk White like the tip of a Porn, this end under was
ter, was always White, as well as foft, and contain’d a milky vifcid Juice,
felling very ftrong of the Sea. The outward Surface of this Coral, was,
from what we may call the Root, upwards, rayed, flriated, or waved by
many Lines on its Surface, appearing very well to the Microfcope, between
which were long vacuities, or empty fpaces, and all along there were a great
many afperities, muricated prickles, or fmall eminencies, likened to the Leaves
of Layender-Cotton by Clu/fs in his defcription of the leffcr fort, hollow oa
the upper fide, and convex below ; fo that they are fit to hold Water, ox
any Subftance for nourifhment of the Plant, and within thefe {mall Tu-
bercles are many Lines, going from the Center round to the Circumference,
as in feveral other of the Corals, and this ftarry radiated cavity grows leffer,
going into the middle of the Branch, which has altogether from bottom to
top, in lieu of a Pith, fucha radiated Cavity in its middle, on the fides of
which is a {tony Subftance amongft which lies many Pores, interf{pers'd with-
out any order. In time thefe under Stems and Brances have their Pores fill'd,
and their Tubercles levell’d, with a ftony matter filling them up, and mak-
ing them look quite of another Face and Confiftence, and of a yellowith
or greenifh Colour without, which is altogether folid, without vifible Pores,
and ftony ; and it is obfervable that if any tops of Coral have been broken
accidentally, they are as they ly proftrate on the tops of others, confolidated
and united very firmly together, and with thofe under them, as it were by
fome fort of Cement.

This I have found frequently in the Caribes, and in Famaica, in fhoal
Waters, or rocky Banks, where they are produced in very great abundance,
and look, when one is over them in a Boat, with their white tips, juft like
Stags Horns, and if taken up they finell exceedingly of the Sea.

In Columbus’s econd: Voyage, with their Anchor points, in St.Martin’s Road,
they took up Coral, which gave them good hopes of other things : that be-
ing thought a rich Commodity, which 1 am apt to believe muft be meant of
this, as alfo that which X#ivet mentions to grow in Brafile by Cape Friv,
this being the moft common Coral in the Weff-Jzdies.

Having feen fome pieces of Coral, in Mr. Charlton's curious ColieGion,
which came from the £a/?-Zzdies, that as to Subftance, Surface, Colour and
Magnitude, agreed with this, Jam apt to believe, that his from the Zuf-
Indies, is the fame with what I found in the Wef, therefore doubt whether
this be that mentioned by Davis to grow about Madagafcar, and Baixos das
Chagas, and by the fame Author, as well as Lancaffer and Havkins, co be
found on the Shoals about Sumatra, and by Payton at Priaman and Tecoo; Lin-
{choten near Mozambique, and by Hatch near Facatra or Batavie, in the firft of
which places *tis obferv’d to cut the Cables of Ships, when they ride out of
the Rivers Channel, where isOze ; and at the others to caufe or grow on dan-
gerous Shoals, agreeable to what Hughes obferves, that Boats are loft on
it at Jamaica, 1 am likewife of opinion that this is what Pyrard de la Vab
tells us, grows about the Maldives, hindering the Inhabitants wading from
Ile to Ifle, and which they beat with fall Stones, and_ boil with their Cocos
Water making their Honey and Sugar (called Jagra) form, (or Kern) ufing
it as temper for the Sugar, of which more hereafter.

There are great varieties in this, brought both from the Eaft and Weft-Zns
dies, one of which having lain expos’ to the Waves, being daflrd or tumbled }
by them, and fo freed from part of their outward Coat, is what I fuppofe

C.B. calls Corallii albi varietas afpera & ftriata,
IV. Coral

The Natural Fiifiory of Jamaica. 53

IV. Corallinm porofum, album, minus, muricatum. Cat. pl. Fam. p.2. Tab. 17. Tab. 17,
Fig.2. & Tab. 18. Fig. 4. Swiftantia lapidea fruticem Corallii albi reprefen- Fig. 2.
tans minutiffimis puncte ee porofitatibus {catens, Mich. Rup. Befl. Gaz. Corallii Te). 18.
alli f{pecies, Clufio dicta planta faxea abrotonoides, Mu[. Srammerd. p.18. Co- Fig. 4,
rallit albi {pectes gypfcam materiam referens atque adzo Corallium gyploides dicen
dum cum baft gypjea ac magna, Ejufd. p. 19. An porus marinus Coralloides fen
plendo Corallina, Vel{ch. hecatoft. p.r6 ? |

This, int every thing, is like the former, only ’tis not over fix Inches high,
the Staiks or Branches, are no larger than a Man’s little Finger, but more
numerous, and thicker together, and the under part, or what, for analogies
fake, may be term’d, the Roots, or rather old Stalks petrified, are larger and
longer.

i isto be found with the former very plentifully, of of Pelican Point neat
Port Royal; and if it be the fame with what is mention’d by an Anonymous
Portugal of Brafile in Purchas, to grow in Brafile copioufly, is there made
into Lime. The great Naturalift Mr. James Pettiver, my very good Friend
fhewed me this lately fent him from the Eafl-Lndzes.

I fufpe@& the above defcribed Coral, clear'd of its muricated prickles by
the Waves, cc. to be Corallium octavum five alium ftellatum minus. C. B. pin.
though, if the figure of it be true (being hollow) it cannot be the fame.

V. Corallium, poro{um, album, latiffimum, wimuricatum. Cat. pl. Jam. p. 2. Tab. 17.
Tab.17. Fig. 3. Corallii alti {pecies maxima, ramis latiffimis ac compreffts, duo- Fig. 3.
rum ferme pedum altitudine, latitudine trium; ft digitis pulfetur fonum metal-
licum edens. Muf. Swvammerd. p. 19. 8 Gani

This looked rather like a flat Stone than Coral, This piece J defcribe was
about half Inch thick, at bottom eight Inches broad, expanding or extending
its felf by degrees, being two Foot long, and broadeft ar top, where it was
two Foot broad, and divided as it were into feveral Lacinie, tying now and
then over one another, which being ftruck, give a metallic found. The
Surface of this, towards its top, is very rough with {mall muricated hollow
Tubercles, and now and then fome {mall tips, which are alfo muricated and
White at cop; the inward Subftance is more folid,' ponderous and white than
that of the before defcribed Corals., Agreat many of thefe Stones, coming,
as it were, from the fame Root, inclofe one another fomewhat after the
manner of the Squame of Bullous Roots, or rather the Petala of Rofes, on-
Jy they ‘ftand {parfe, at diftance one from another, efpecially their broad
ends, fo that under water they look like the Leaves of a Book expanded...

It grows in very many fhapes, the Lacisie being fometimes hollow fome-
thing likea Tunnel, and at other times rounder, and the edges divided into
vatioufly fhap’d, but for the moft part very broad, flat, parts or Segments,

It ts to be met with off of Pelican Point. by Port Royal, Harbour.

Vi. Corallinm minimum capillacewm, Cat. pl. Fans.p. 2. Tabi 20Figete; a5 Tab. 20.

This fees the fame with the Corallines for fabftance, fmell, colour, ec. /g. 1-
only ismot near fo large, neither. is it difcernibly jointed, it is not much
biggerthan a Hair, and foems to have no thread within, buc finells of the Sea,
crackles under the Teeth, ftands more upright, as Coral, and not bending,
becaufé of the want of joints, in. which at differs from the Corallines, 'be-
ing otherwife very like the Corallina minima capillacea, mentioned here- |
after. It is figured Tub. 20. Fig.1. both as ic appears to the naked Eye, Zab. 20,
and by a Microfcope. 7 33d Fig. 1.

It was thrown upon the Sea Banks near the Palifadoes by Port Royal.

P Vil. Lapidis

ener

54

The Natural Hiftory of | Jamaica.

VIN. Lapidis aftroitidis five flellaris tertinm genus. Boct. de Boodt. 12. c.146.
fig. B. Cat. p. 2. Affroites undulatus. Mnf. Swammerd. p. 6. Aftroites nnda-
latus major concavus, capitinm reprafentans, duorum pedum circumferentiam ba-
bens, Ejufd. ibid. An hydatites five Cymatites, Velfch. becatoft. p. 60. Tab, 21?
Brain Stones.

This is frequently much bigger than ones Head, roundifh at top, or a He-
mifphere, having many undulated Furrows on its top, imitating fomewhar
the gyri or anfracius of a Man’s Brain, from whence they are commonly call’d
Brain Stones; thefe Furrows have Lines go from their middle to cach fide,
they are White, and make as it were high Banks in the Stoae, which are
fometimes waved like the Sea; from whence the Name Aftroites undulatus.
There is {ome variety in this as to the bignefS of the Su/ci.

They grow in all the Seas about this Iland, and vary very much as to
bigne(S and manner of growth, having very often within them {mall White
Shell-Fifh. ‘This is mentioned to be found by my good Friend Dr. Charles
Leigh, in his Natural Hiftory of Lancafbire, Gc. Tab. 2. Fig. 1.

VIII. Lapidis aftroitidis five fiellaris primum genus. Boet. de Boodt. lib. 2.
cap. 146. Cat. p. 2. Pietra Stellaria di Georgio Tranfter. Lapillus in India
& Capite draconis erutus. Marfil. Facin. de vit. calitus comparanda, lib.3. cap. 15.
Lapis Stellaris, Card. de rer. varietate, lib. 7. Draconites five dracontias. Agricol.
lib. 6. de Nat. foffil. Aftroites diftinctiffime Stellas emulans, Muf. Swammerd. p.6-
Aftroites Gefner. de Fig. lap. p.35- Stellatus lapis Aidrovand. Muf. Metall. p.872.
Fig. p.877, 878, 879. Affroites or {tarry Stones of Dr Plott’s Natural Hiftory
of Oxfordlhire, p. 87. Tab. 2. Fig.6,7,8. & p. 130 Tab. 8. Fig. 2. Millepora
Imperati p. 720. five Aftroites ligneus elegantior ftellulis totam maflam permeanti-
bus Luid. Lith. Brit. p. 9. No.160. Tab. 2. Lithoftrotion five bafaltes minimus
frriains & ftellatas. Ejufd. Tab. 23. An Ajfroita congencr vadularia cretacea,
Ejufd. p. 10. No.176. Tab. 2 ? & Tab. 3. No. 982 Afterias Cardioides Major.
Pel{ch. hecatoft. p. 60. Afterias feellis majnfeulis. Aftersas feellulis minoribas.
Ejufd. Cometites. Ejufdem. An Rhodites. Ejnfdem2 An Afteria confufe Stellas
reprafentans, Ejufd. ibid ? Star-Stone, Zab. 21. |

This is for Colour, Subftance, éc. exactly the fame with the former, only
inftead of undulated Sw/ci or Furrows, are only {mall holes, pipes, or {pots,
in whofe cavities are Strie, or partitions coming from the fame Center to
the Circumference.

This is as frequent in all thefe Seas as the former, and is found in Eu-
rope in feveral places at Land, petrified and not petrificd as Sea-Shells.
Mr. Charlton gave me apiece of it capable of polifh, petrified and tranfpa-
rent like an Agat, only the Strie were White. Thefe Stones are moft cer-
tainly bred from a Seed ; for in the places where they are moft to be found
in {hallow Sea-water, Ihave feen what we may call their Seed or Spawn very
frequently, viz. a mucilaginous, cryftalline, clear Body, of the fame fhape,
and with the fame {pots on their Surface, only no Strie going from the
Center of the holes, which when taken up in the heat, does out of the
Water corrugate and contract its felf into narrower dimenfions, turn Opaque
and of an Ath, or pale Yellow Colour, in which notwithftanding may
plainly be feen the rudiments of the Stone. :

Thefe Affroites Stones are taken up from the bottom of the Sea by
Divers, and breught on Shore not only to burn with Timber to make Lime;
but likewife to build, and that not only ordinary Houfes, but Forts to refift

the battery of Cannon.
This

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

55

This Stone moves if put into Vinegar. The Powder of it, (accordi
fome Natural Hiftorians) to four oe is good for the ata aie
on and Worms, againft which laft ic is fo effectual, that worn it hinders
the breeding of them if it touches the naked Body, and keeps off
Tremblings, Apoplexies, and other fudden Difeafes. It’ brings Victory to
thofe who carry it, and helps Difeafes of the Liver and Lungs, and clearifes
the Blood: hang'd up in a Reom it hinders the coming thither of Spiders
or other venemous Animals. The whiter, with the Stars well formed, are
your beft, and are {et in Rings worth more or lefs, according to the fancy
of the Buyer. | |

This Stone being, before its Original was known, brought by Empyrics
to Florence, was pretended to come from the Faft, and that there it was ge-

nerated in the Head of a Dragon, having Stars on it ; it was fuppofed to
receive great Vertues from the Cauda Draconis, or Conftellation of that
name, famous amongft Aftrologers, and therefore was held to be very good
for many Difeafes, as well to preferve from them, as to Cure them, in fo
much that one Zranffer in his Bills at Vienna, befides the Vertues above-
faid, gave out, that worn it was able to preferve from the Gout, comforted
the Sight, generated Hair, hinder'd Mifcarriage, expell’d the After Birth,
kept away Fear and fearful Dreams, clear'd the Underftanding, and com-
forted the Melancholy, helpt the Falling-Sicknefs, and kept from being
hurt by any wild fierce Beaft, cce Which all of them deferve no Credit,
eing built on Fancy, or defire of Gain ; only the Powder of it, as of Co-
ralline, may reafonably be fuppofed to Cure Worms.

This kind of Coral is very frequently found in Quarries, and near the Sur-
face of the Earthin feveral places of Europe and England. ‘There are many varic-
ties of it to be found growing under Water, ‘and caft upon the Shores of the
Seas adjoining to Famaica, and the Caribe Mlands. There is no difference between
thofe to be found in Famaica and England, excepting what may be cafily ac-
counted for, from that Foffil in England, its having lain long in the Earth,
whereby. fome of its Subftance is fometimes loft, and at other times its pores
and cavities are filled with earth, {parry, or flinty Matter. This Stone J have
fome pieces of by me, that were given me by Mr.Beaumont, which are as hard,
diaphanous, and capable of Polifh.asany FlintorAgat. (7ab,21. #7g.1, 2, 3.)
fhews the Original of this Aftroites, when beginning to grow and {prout up
from the bottom of the Sea. “Tis firft a Jelly like the white of an Egg or faln
Star, then grows more Opaque, and if drove afhore, or taken up in this
ftate, comes to corrugate and dry up into thefe forms. (Fig.4,5,6,7,8.)
fhews varieties, and different views of the Stone or Coral its felf, when
come to its full ripenefs, ftate and maturity. (Fig. 9.) fhews alfo one of
thefe Corals or Stones taken up at Faringdon in Barkjbire. This Stone has
loft allthe Rays in the ftarry Pipes or Cavities, fave one which yet remains
intire, but it retains fome part of them at the Circumference, which makes
the Rays or Strie in the fides of thofe cavities. It is alfo more ponderous
from the under part, which is filled with ftony and earthy Matter. This is
to be found in the place abovementioned in great plenty. (Fiz. 10, 11 ) fhews
the fame Stone turned into a Flint, which yet retains its Figureas to be eafily
feen, looking on its top to have the Stars, and long-ways to have the trie
or Rays this Coral has. ‘This polifhesas Agat, and is as hard and dia-
phanous as it.

This Stone or Coral has likewife been found in Oxfordhire by Dr. Plott,
and by Aldrovandus, 1 think, in Germany and Italy, and Bellonius {ays they
build with them in fome places of France. In Lancafhire by Dr.Leigh, as ap-
pears by his Hiftory of that Country, Zab.1. Fig.5. and by Mr. Lwid in Glou-
ceferfhire, as appears by his Lithophylacinm Brittanicum.

t

en

er <

50

The Natural Hijfory of Jamaica.

[t is very ftrange that fo much of this, which is only now naturally to be

found growing in hot Climates, fhould be met with in fuch plenty dug up
in other places of Europe and England, and that under the Surface of the

arable Earth, in fuch plenty and manner, as if it had fometimes in former
Ages naturally grown there, which muft have then been not only warmer,

but covered with Sea-water.

IX. Lapidis aftroitidis five frellaris fecundum genus, Boet. de Boodt. lib. 2.
cap. 140. Cat. p.2. Lapis fizftein i Germanis dittus, multas in corpore {uo veluti
yolas, 4 natura pittas oftendens. Gefn. de lap. Fig. p. 38. Afteria rofam referens,

Muf. Swammerd. p. 6. Sea-Rofe.
It is found on the Shoals with the other Kinds of Affroites.

X. Fungus lapidens major undulatus. Cat+p.r. Tab.18. Fig. 5.
The upper part of this Fungus Lapidens, or Coral, was an Hemifphere, or

‘ yather half of an Oval Figure, almoft as big as oncs Fift, having on each

fide of it large ftrait cavities able to reccive ones Finger, juft like the Za-
pis Affroites Undulatus, made up of the Strie, after the manner of thofe Stones,
only larger, underneath it was likewife ftriated, after the manner of the other
Fungi lapidei, each of the Strie coming from the fame Petiolus or {mall
Footftalk as from a Center, and running to the Circumference.

I found it on the Shore with the others of this Kind.

XI. Fungus lapidens minor. Cat. p.2. C.B. pia. 375.
This is frequently found on the Shores of this Ilatid.

XII. Fratex marinus Elegantiffimus Clafti. Cat. p. 3. Baftl. Befler fafcic.’ Fru
tex marinus major. Ejufd. ibid. Frutex marinus elegantiffimus Clufii purpurafcens,
flavefcens, C cortice {uo denudatus. Muf. Swammerd. p.21. An Corallina reti»
formis, purpurea, ramofa nervis tennifimis. Plukenet. Almag. p. 118?

I can add very very little to Clufs his Defcription but only this, that
fometimes from the middle or lateral Branches come fmaller Fans, fo that
tis not always plain, but has feveral other Branches or {mall Fans, rifing
out of both fides of it, which is taken notice of in one belonging to the
Royal Society, by Dr. Grew.

It frequently grows on the Rocks at the bottom of the Sea, in all the hot
Weft-Indies, and fometimes on Shells, which together with them, not being
a firm Foundation, arethrown on all the Shores of this Ifland.

This, as I think, being clear'd by the Waves, Stones, and Rains, of its
ouwatd Coralline Cruft, which is fometimes Purple, and fometimes White,
makes quite a different Figure, and fo gave occafion to Clu/ins to make it a
different Plant, and from him Cafpar Bauhine.

Tis ufed to Fan the richer fort, to keep them cool while they cat or Sleep.
Flughes : or to keep away Gnats, Mutfcato’s, or Merrywings.

XII. Corallina frutico[s humilior & craffior ramis quaquaver[um expanfis {uper-
ficie taberculata. Cat. p. 3. An quercus Marina Theophr. Baf. Befl. fafez Co-
rillina cinerea turberculis incruftata ramis flexilitus. Muf. Swammerd: p. 22?

The heighth of this Coralline Shrub.was about fix Inches from a folid
Foundation, about the bignefs of ones little Finger, being branched every
Way to tapering ends like Corals. The Cruit was generally whitifh,
friable, having its Surface rough, and was of the thicknefS of a Crown Piece ;
in the middle of which was a ‘horny fubftance, blackith and tough, as in

other of thefe Coralline Shrubs, the Jco” of the Planta Marina Refede ie
Claf.

—_

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. 57

—

Cluf. agrees pretty well to this. I have fometimes thought that this may
perhaps be the following Coralline not grown to its due magnitude.

It grew in the Sea every where about this Ifland, whence it was thrown
up by the Waves with other Recrements of the Sea.

XIV. Corallina fruticofa elatior, ramis quaquaver[um expanfts teretibus. Cat.p.3.
Tab. 22. Fig.t, 2,3. An Corallina pulcherrima, Corteniana, fen arbufcula marina Tab 12.
coralloides, ramofiffima foliis teretibus, abrotani famine inftar verrucofts. Plukenet. Fig, 1, 2.3:
Almag. p.118 2? Sea Feather.

This has a two or three Inch long diameter’d broad woody Pedeftal,
{pread on any Stone or ftable Body in the bottom of the Sea, from whence
rife Stalks about two, three, or four Foot high, tough, woody, as large as
ones Finger, round and divided into feveral {mall Twigs {pread on every
hand, of about three or four Inches long. All of them are incruftated with
a Coralline Matter, of a yellowifh, Purple, or whitifh Colour, having fome
{mall holes, or afperities in its Surface, and very often balan, or the co-
rallium album candicans adulterinum J.B. {ticking tothem. I fufpect the Trunk
and Branches of this, cleared of their Cruft, may fometimes pals for black
Coral, making fome of thofe kind of Plants called by Mr. Zhornefort in his
El. Bot. Lithophyta.

It grows on the Rocks at the bottom of the Sea, and from thence the
whole, or fome fide Branches, by the tumbling of the Sea are caft afhore,
where by the Waves ’tis cither wholly clear’d of its incruftation looking
like a Shrub, without Leaves, or partly clear’d, looking yellowilh, and
tafting very fale.

Tal.22. Fig.1. Shews this whole Plant contracted, or lefs than the na-
tural bignefs. Fig. 2. A Branch of it to the natural bignefs, and Fig. 3. a
{mall Twig of that Branch.

XV. Corallina fratico[a, ramulis & cauliculis compreffis, quaquaverfum expanfis,
purpurcis elegantifimis. Cat. p.4. Tab.2rr. Fig. 4.

This, which appeared to be only part of the Plant, had its inward Stalks
and Branches about a Foot high, being roundifh, blackifh, lignofe, tough, fre-
quently branch’d, and covered with two Laming, or Plates of a Coralline
{ubftance, and moft elegant Purple Colour, though in fome places ‘tis
whitifh, of a faltifh raft, and Sea or Fifhy fmell, as others of this Kind ; the
Plates or incruftation of this are about the thicknefs of a Sixpence, and
from the breadth of half an Inch it has at bottom, decreafe towards their
tops, and look fomewhat like to the Lead wherewith Glafiers join their
Pannels of GlafS one to another in making their Windows.

J found irthrown upon one of the Cayos off of Port Royal.

XVI. Corallina opuntiodes, ramulis denfioribus, C foliis magis finuatis atque
corrugatis. Cap. p. 4. Zab. 20. Fig.2. An Corallina fcutellaris alba, rofarii
inftar perforata, Plukenet. Almag. p. i 182 an Corallina cy opuntia Fa-
pee ee cum orbiculis plurimis quaft pendulis per ficcitatem nigris, Ejufd.
2614 ?

This feem’d to be in every thing the fame with the Scutellaria five opuntia
marina, J.B. one Leaf growing out of another, after the manner of Opustia,
only the Branches were in this more numerous, and the Leaves on their
Convex or upper part more corrugated, and on their under part more con-
cave or finuated, whereby it really differs from that of 7 B. TheLeaves
were tied together by a Thread made of many Filaments collected together,
fomewhat like Thread made of Flax, and the Leaves were harder and mor¢
ftony, breaking between the Teeth, and tafting Salt, {melling likewife of Bay

| ca.

58

The Natural Ehiftory of Jamaica. |

Sea. It is fometimes green or blackifh by Conferva froth, or other fubftances
{ticking to it.

This Coralline was very plentifully thrown on the Sea Banks every where
upon this Ifland.

Tah.20. Fig, 2. Shews it both in its natural bignefs and magnify’d.

XVII. Corallina major, nervo craffori fuciformi, internodia breviora neétente.
Cat. p. 4. Tab. 20. Fig. 3+ Corallina fifhulofa Famaicenfis, candida cum interno-
dits Lreviffimis & quaft filo trajectis noftratibus, White Bead Bandftring aida,
Plukenet, Almag.p. 118. |

This was very like our Exglifh or Shop Coralline, enly larger, and the’
joints much fhorter, appearing fomcthing like old fafhion’d Bandftrings, it
was longer likewife than it, and not fo brittle, faltifh and fmelling of the
Sea. It has a String as big as a coarfe Thread in its Center, of the fame
fubftance with the fuci, being of a yellowifh Colour, roundifh, fometimes
plain, fometimes curled. Properly {peaking, thefe Corallines are rather
incruftations by a Coralline Matter, than any thing elfe, this being a
White Coralline, roundifh, with fhort Zones, like {mall Beads ftrung on
a nerve

It is thrown on the Banks of the Sea by the Palifadoes near Port-Royal.

Tab.20. Fiz.3. Shews it in its natural bignefS, and magnifi'd.

XVUI. Corallina nervo tenuiori, fragiliorique internodia longiora neéfente,
Cat. p. 4. Fab. 20. Fiz.4. - iM ee :

This has a great many Stalks and Branches coming from the fame fpongy
Root, fticking to the Stones in the ‘bottom of the Sea, they are of the
bignef$ of Shop Coralline, and about two Inches long, {pread on every
hand, and made up of feveral long joints, beiag white, ‘police, brittle,
faltifh, and {melling of the Sea, different from our Shop Coralline, in that the
joints are much longer, and that it has within it-a brittle Thread, on which
the joints are ftrung like Beads. ae
‘ft grows with the former. |

In Zab. 20. Fig. 4. It is figured in its due bignels, and magnifrd.

XIX. Corallina minima capillacea. Cat. p. 4. Tab.r0. Fig. 5. An Coraline
foffilis capitlaris. Lnid. lithophyl. Brit. p.7 ? , | Va
~ This-was ‘the leaft of ‘all-the Corallines I here met with, it was about two
Inches long; having Brétichés and -“Fwigs in very great pleary,; ‘being net
ordinarify jointed to appearance, ‘for the moft part finooth, very white, nobige
ger thanthe Hair of ones Head, if fo-big, fmellinp ftrong of the Sea, and
crackling under ones Tecth, asthe others of ehis Kind. : Sometimes: this is
jointed. oe = | _
~ Tt was thrown up with the other-Corallities ot feveral Banks of .the Sea
round this Ifland. aot 5 St aie Ss ae

Tab, 20. Fig. 5. It is reprefented-in ‘its due bignefs, and mapnifi'd.

XX. Fucus marinus veficulas habens membraniw extantibus alatas. Cat. p.4. Lab
ao Kir. 6." 3 Shy A Sees Inn Fy Je
This his:a dark déléured, towgh; roundith, crooked Stem, abour' vihie
Inches high; “having’many crooked’ ¥wigs very thick fer, with Bladders fill
of Air “The Bladdersthemfelves are roundifh, or rather Triangular, “having
an extant: folizceous’ mémbrane at top incircling it, and three’ other extahe
ute underneath, making it look Triangular, or fomething OF the fhape of
“Funnel; being pyratidal, and of a dark brown-Colour, or dlackifh when
dty’d like’ Glew, {mefling {trong of the Sea; "and tafting fale like other Tach.

Zz : efides

£
te

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

Befides it has feveral round fimall Protuberancies over its Surface, fuppofed to
be the Seed. | |

Tt grows on the Rocks, covered with the Sea,.on all the Coafis of this
Ifland.

XXI. Lenticula marina ferratis foliis. Cat. p. 4. Lob. olf. p.653. Sargaffa de
Bry Ind. or. part. 5. p. 40. Zargalfe Mnf. Swammerd. p. 23. Acinara, agrefio
marino, terza [pecie. Imper. p.645-

This is ufually abour a Foot long, having rough, fmall, dark brown, or
blackifh Stalks, on which come feveral Inch and half, or cwo. Inches long
Leaves, being not over the eighth part of an Inch broad ia the middle where
broadeft, ferrated about the edges, being of a dark brown Colour like other
the fuoi, it has many round air Blacders, coming out from the Stalk on
{mall Footftalks, like in magnitude, fhape, gc. to Lentils, which give it che
name.

It grew on the Rocks about this Iffland, whence it is thrown upon the
Shore, and carried with the Currents through the Gulf of Florida, all
along the Coaft of North-America, in great abundance, where J gathered ir,
and with it took up feveral fmall Crabs which were alive, aad which fhall
Be defcribed hereafter, in their proper places ssrsci a3 cuclo y ~ }

Fernan Cofon, in the life of his Father Chriftopher, f. 29. tells us that in the
year 1492. inthe firft. Voyage for Ameri¢s, (that, they were very much
frighted in meeting with this, which was fo thick as to retard their failing,
judging by it that they were not far from Rocks or Land, efpecially when
they found a live Crab (Gambare vive, ill cranflared in / urchas a Grafhopper)
among it. f.74. he farther fays that they met with this 19 the Bay of Samana in
4difpaviola near the Land in Shallow Water, from whence they fuppofed what
they met with before, had been: when ripe feparated, and. carricd iato the
Sea. And f-a5. he relates that-in. their firlt Voyage ghey found of, it two
hundred and fixty three Leagues Weft of Ferro, whence in their return they
conjectur'd; while they faild amongft it, thet they were not fo near thac
Ifland as one hundred and fifty Leagues, though in their fecond Voyage. iid.
f- 93 they found none.of it four hundred Leagues Welt of Gomera. He fays
alfo, f r1o. that it was to be found between Cuba, Famaica, and the Weft
end of Aifpamislés coi bie Qocoiddeiutsn cit ni slews, :

Oviedo’s account of itis, that ’tis found in feveral places, and quantities
according to the Seafons, Winds,. atkl Currents, even fometimes half way to
the Zndies. |
.. Thevet and de Lery mention, chat in their Voyage from Brafle for the
{pace of fifteen days, they met with fo much-of this under the Tropic of
Cancer, that they were forc'd to curtheir way.threugh it, though on their be-
ing apprchenfive of Shoals, and founding with theit Lead, they had no
ground by fifty Fathoms Line. Thelike fays Aceffa,adding: that as they clear'd
the bundies of it fronv the Ship mote rofe (as they fuppofed) from the bor-
tom of the Sea. Linfcheten relates much’ the fanse, and. that he found it
of the! Cape Verd Iflands; forty Leagues from.J.and, from 20°. to 24°. of
Latitude. Welfh in his Voyage obfcrv'd it off of Guinea, from 30°. to 32°,
North Latitude. Cliffe-ander the Tropic of Cancer for one hundred Leagues.
Payton from 22°. 3’. North Latitude to 30°. Pyrard de la Val from 21°.
to 30% Finton, that they judged it ro béedtiven from the Cape Verd
Hlands,.: by ‘the EafeWVinds, of which opinion was Mande/flo, who faw it
from 20°. t6 24° Latsione hundred: and fifty: Leagues of of Africa, though
he fays fome were of opinion ‘ic:came from the Wefl-Jedics.. From all which
ft is very likely thatoic may: pedvweksi wellods Cape. Véerd Mflands, as in
the American Ocean and Ifles, and that it is carried to Sea,, aad Aoats,in it

by

0O

The Natural Fiftory of Jamaica.

Tab. 20,
Fig. 4.

Tab, 22.

Fig. 8.

by means of the Winds and Currents in feveral places, and is no certain
fign of the place where a Ship is, as is thought by many People.

The Ufes of it are mentioned in Acoffa, to be eaten greedily by Goats
and to be pickled with Salt and Vinegar, and fo ufed inftead of Sampier
when it is wanted, and that a Seaman much troubled with Sand and grofs
Humors, eating of it raw and boiled found fo much benefit by it, that he
carried it with him to Land, to ule there for the {ame purpofes.

XXIV. Leaticula marina folizs latis brevibus ferratis. Cat. p. 5.

This is exa@ly the fame with the former, only the Leaves are not over
half fo long, and twice as broad, being about three quarters of an Inch long
and about a third of an Inch broad, ferrated, and having Bladders like it,
being very thin and tran{parent.

It is frequently caft on the Shores of this Ifland.

XXIU. Lenticula marina foliis latis breviffimifque. Cat. p. 5.

This is the {ame withthe two preceding, only the Leaves are more nume-
rous, being very thick fet, fhorter, and not altogether fo broad as the im-
mediately preceding, neitheris it(for the moft part) ferrated, being of a very
dark brown Colour, and having fmaller round Bladders.

Ic grows very plentifully on the Rocks covered with the Salt-water,
whence it is fometimes caft by the Waves on the Shore.

XXIV. Fucus feniculaceus, feu coralloides lenta feniculacea, cauliculis longiori=
bus gracilioribus Cy denfioribus. Cat. p. 5. Tab.2r0. Fig. 7.

The Root of this is broad, {ticking to, or incruftating Stones in the bot-
tom of the Sea, in which it grows. The Stalks are feveral, rifing from its
Bafe, two or threeInehes long, being divided into feveral Branches, which
are round, {mooth, and fomething like Fennel, branched into Twigs, of
a ftrong Sea fmell, and of a purple, whitifh, or yellowifh Colour, like
the Coralloides lenta faniculacea of F.B. only the Stalks are fienderer,
more numerous, and not fo much branch’d or curled.

[ found it onthe greater Stones under Water, near the Bridge at Paffage
Fort. ,

Tab. 20. Fig. 7. Shewsit in its natural bignefs and magnifrd.

XXV. Fucus feniculaceus, few coralloides lenta faniculacea minor. Cat. p- 5.
Tab. 20. Fig. 8. :

This fixes ‘its felf very firmly to the Rocks and.Stones covered with the
Sea-water, by feveral Filaments, from whence rifes many roundifh, crooked,
very {mall, pellucid, pale yellow Stalks, branched into {maller, or almoft ca-
pillary Twigs, being in all not much over an Inch long, tough, not crackling
under the Teeth, and having fometimes a white Cruft over it, though for
the moft part none; fimelling ftrong of the Sea, and looking exactly like
the Coralloides lenta feniculaceaof F.B. only in every thing {maller.

Ic grew on the Rocks under the Sea-water about this Ifland, whence it
was very often caft upon the Shore.

Tab 20. Fig. 8. Shews it inits natural bignefS, and magnif’d.

XXVI. Fucus feniculaceus minimus. Cat. p. 5.

This was about an {nch in Circumference, being made up of many {mall
Stalks of a purple Colour, round like thofe of Fennel, and obferving the
like manner of divifion in the leaves as it, for which reafonI put it here,
and not among the Mufci, though it-be fo {mall as to require a Microfcope
to view its parts. -

t

The Natural Firfiory of Jamaica.

OI

It was thrown up amongft the other Recrements of the Sea, along the
Shores of this Ifland.

XXVIII. Fucus minimus denticulatustriangularis. Cat p. 5. Tab 20. Fig 9.

From a broad Bafe.or beginning rifes up a Stalk, woody, tough, of a
yellowifh purple Colour, almoft round, about two or three Inches high di-
vided into many Branches, which are for the moft part crufted over with
a White Coralline fubftance, and have many deep incifures, {mall Teeth, or
harmlefs Prickles, in three rows along its edges, being for the moft part
Toanguat, Smelling very much of the Sea, and not crackling under the

eeth. Hid

Jt is frequently caft up on all the Shores of this. Ifland.

In Zab. 20. Fig.9. It is reprefented in its due bignefs, and magnif’d.

XXVIII. Fucus marinus coralloides minor fungofus albidus teres (egmentis in
fummitate planis. Cat.p.5. Tab. r0..Fig. 10. Ax corallina fiftulofa flexilis (ew
“corallinageniculata mollis Americana fegmentis latis compreffis. Pluken. Tab.
168. Fig. 4.2 Almag. p. 118 ? |

From the fame beginning rife two or three round Stalks, about an Inch
and a half high, being bigger than thofe of Shop Coralline, white, fun-
gous, not crackling under the Teeth, divided into feveral Branches and Twigs
on every hand, they being at cop flat or plain, and very thin, of a white
Colour, and. differing .from thofe underneath, which are roundifh, all, of
them {melling of the Sea. | |

It is thrown up by the Waves on the Banks of the Sca in feveral places.

XXIX. Alga anguftifolia vitrariorum. C. B.. pin. p. 364. Cat. pe 5

I found this fort of GrafS with its Roots growing injthe,oazy Grounds
inthe bottom of the Seca, off of Point Pelican'near Port Royal; and I am apt
to believe that growing there the fame with ours in England, to be different,
viz. much broader than that about Montpelier and Venice, defcrib'd by F.B.
and both of them from a third fort-of it I. found here, which was much
narrower than any of thefe Kinds, and is frequently thrown up on the Shores

of the Ifland with the other Excrements of the Sea, which therefore may
be call'd

XXX. Alga marina graminca anguftiffimo folio.

Cuthions ftuft with this are thought, by fome, good for hydropick and
gouty People. Ce/alp.

It is ufed to {tuff Beds, to wrap Glaflesin, and tomake Hay. Luzd.

Mats made of it, or otherwile ufed in bedding it deftroys Buggs, which
is by its{mell. Lacuna.

XXXL Alga Funcea five juncus marinus radice alba geniculata, Cat. p. 5-
Tab. 22. Fig. 5. Manati Grafs. Corallina aut potins alga nodofa, vitriariorum
amula f{egmentis tubulofis, the Maniztee Grafs, Famacenfibus dicta. Pluken. Almag.

: sO
: This (eemed to be a fort of Ruth growing at the bottom of the Sea. It
had a jointed round Root, whitifh without, andfending out at joints feveral
hairy, white Filaments to draw its Nourifhment. From thence;{prang feveral
Foot long, round, green Ruthes, not fo big as a Hens Quill, when wet be-
ing round and hard, but when dry fhrivelled and black.

’Twas yery plentifully floating along the Coaft of the Ifland by Point
Pedro, and is thought, with the foregoing Alge, to be the Food of the Fifh
Manatt. |

R XXXII. Fucus

62

Lhe Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

XXXII. Fucus maritimus gallo pavonis pennas referenss C.B. prod p. 155+
Cat. Pp: A.

This grows flicking to the Stones in the bottom of the Sea, -wherice it is
thrown on Shore in feveral places about Fort Royal; and of it thete isa va-
riety, with thicker and whitcr Leaves, which is nothing but an incruftation

of a Coralline white Matter over it.

XXXIV. Alea latifolia prima hive mufcus marinus lactuce folio. CG. B. pin.
p. 364. Cat. p.5. Lichen Marinus Platy phyllos. Plukenet.. Alm. p. 216. Pucus
marinus lailuce folto. Bob. hift. Ox. part. 3: p. 645. Fucus lactuce folio.
Tournefort el. Lot. p. 443. Injt. p.568. Oyler green. ode!

This is commonly thrown wp on all the Shores of this Tfland. = -—

It is adflringent and drying, hindering all Fluxions, as Gout, ere. Cefalp.
Maith.

The Bryow Thalaffion, of Theophraffus and Pliny, is called in Northumbere
land Slanke, which in Lent the Poor People Seeth, and that with’ Leeks
and Onions: they put ic in a Pot, and fmore it as they call it, and then
it looketh black, and then put they Ontons to it, and eat: it. Turner.

XXXIV. Pila marina fubrotunds, compreffa, mollis. Cat. p. 6. Tab. 23.
Fre.t. |

“This was very foft, roundifh, comprefs’d, of an Inch and an half Diame
ter, white, woolly, and made up of innumerable fhort white Filaménts, ih-
terwoven one-within another, flicking to a Facas fenicwlagens. ~ It~ was {ome-
thing like the Alege pomum MonJpelienfium, J. B. only not fo round, being
comprefled, and mote foft. Perhaps it may -be a Ball voided~out of the
Stomach of fome Fifh. : ify 7 a |

{ found it on the Shore in feveral places, where it had been'thrown up by
the Waves of the Sca. 3 3 iy OVS

XXXV. Spongia globofa Tmperat. p. 365. C.B. pin. p. 368. J. B. tom. 3.
lib. 39. p. 816. Cat. p. 6. (OhLg

This in its inward texture was exactly like a Sponge, when preft yielding,
and when not preft, by its elaflicity, gaining again its former Dimenfions,
being roundifh oblong, not fo big as ones Fift, and having many round
holes or cavities, as large as a Goofe Quill, in its body, and on its top, where
were feveral extant blunc ends ftanding up, making irs Surface~ wneven,
being fomewhat harder than the ordinary Sponge, and not fo°fit- for ufe:
{melling very much of the Sea; like ovhersoF this Kind. 0)

It is frequently thrown upoh the Sea-Bahks by.the Waves.» —

XXXVI. Spongia dura fen [puria major, alba, fiftulofa, filris craffioribus.
Cat.p: 6. Tab. 23. Fig. 2. x “ >

This was five Inches long, near as big aS ones Atm or Wrift, being hollow
within, fomething flat and comprefs d being madeup of Filaments, much like
the former, only they are much ftronger more lignofe or woody, and of a
paler Colour, with larger holes in it, but whither it be a variety of that, or
a*differing Plant, 1 cannot cell, but am inclinable to think that ’tis quire
differing. i! |

It was thrown up by the Sea Waves on its Shores in feveral places.

XXXVI, Spongia dura fen-fpuria maxima ramofa fiftulfa. Cat. “p. 6. Lab.
24. Fig.1. An Srongia Americana capitata cy dignitata. Plum. Tonrmef: Taft.

p. 5762 An rarifimum {pongie genus. Rait hift, app. p. 1850 2 Sponcia novi orbts
| textura

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 62

Samer

textura laxa ciavinnata, cylinari cavi fignra, lignicala circumnafcens. Plakenct.
Alm. p. 3562 Phyt. tab. 322. fir. 3? :

From a Foot Diamercr’d; large, broad, ‘roundiih Root, fpread over tha
Corals or Stones, in the bottom of the Sea, rife many Foot and a half
long, hollow, round, subulous, blackifh Bodies or Vipes, each whereof is
about an Inch Diameter, the hollow or cavity in its tniddle being half an
Inch over. The other or fibrous part round ir, is made up of many flrong
Filaments or Fibers, interwoven one within another, having fometimes
large vacuities between. Tlhcfe Fibers are of a yellowifh Colour, asd
have a mucilaginous blackith coloured filhy Matter lyiag between them,
of which when clear'd, their reticulated contexture looks very pleafantly.
The hollow in the’ middle has ufually init that kitd of loufe or cru-
{taccous Animal, fticking to ‘the Gills of Fil in thelé Seas, and between
them very often, the fimall Stella marina minor radiis echinatis of which
more hereafter. : a

This is frequent on the Shoals off of Point Peficaz near the Coral Rocks,
growing in fomewhat deeper Water, crc. from whence pieces of it ard free
quently. caft afhore. :

There is great variety in this, being very often much’ lirger, and ‘fome-
times {maller than that here defcribed. Very often parts, either of the Root
or Branches, are driven afhore, and there; accotdifig to the time they have
lain, put on feveral Faces and Colours, by the wafhing away of its mitcila-
ginous Body. ‘They fometimes are branchéd,’and at otlter cites appear
in various fhapés hike Gloves or Aarts Hortts, from whetce Clu/fas gives
the fame feveral names, and ftom him Cafpar Banhine was led into the tame
error, |

XXXVHL Spongia dura feu [puria ramofa altiffima, Cat. p. 7. Tub.r3. Fig.
315) An Spongia Americana longiforma funiculo fimilis Plum Tournefort, Inf.
P§70F ( . Bie ese: 2 ae

This appeared to be much the fame withthe former; only it was {maller,
higher, more branehéd, harder’ atid noc hollow, ending ina point, theout-
ward fide having very often in forme places on it a flony ot woody yellowith
Matter. : bi, lh Bae |

It is tobe found amongft the Coral Rocks with the former.

XXXIX. Spongia dura feu fpwria, fuperficie apicibus acutis extantibus afpers,
intus cavernofa. Cat p.7. Tab.r3. Fig. 4.

This came very near the texture of Sponges, being harder then they, fome-
times as large as ones Fift, for the moft part flat, broad, and compreifed, having
within it feveral cavities, larger than to be able to receive ones Thumb,
roundifh, and of feveral Figures, befides innumerable {maller round holes,
through every part of it, the Colour of it was whiter than that of Sponge,
and on its Surface were feveral fharp pointed afpericies larger than Pins
Heads ftanding on it, of the fame Colour and Subftance as its (elf, and noc
hollow.

It is frequently caft up on the Shorc, with other Exerements of the

XL. Spongia minor & mollior medulla panis fimilis, fibris teaniffimis. Cat.
p.7- Tab. 23. Fig. 5.

This in its texture came near that of a Sponge, only ic was muclr finer
and lighter, being roundifh and branched, not fo big as ones Finger, being
{maller in fome places, and larger in others, where were Lubercles, with

round

04

oe

The Natural Hiffory of Famaica.

round holes or cavities in them, the colour was like that of a Sponge, and
the Fibers much finer than thofe of any of this kind.

Te was caft up on the Banks of the Sea by the Waves, fometimes, though
not very frequently.

XLI. Pila marina velut ex ampullis conftans ad Spume fimilitudinem. C. B.
pin. 368. Cat.p.7. Veficaria marina in pilam conglomerata ex oftrearum testis,
Plukenct. Aim. p. 335.

This is frequently caft upon the Banks of the Sea by the Waves, beyond
the Palifadoes near Port Royal, &c.

XLIL Veficaria marinanon ramofa, ex ampullis majoribus, paucioribus, finnatis
auricule inftar conftans, cujus fuperficies, favi inftar notantur. Cat. p.7. 7: abn4.
Fig. 2.

“There were only two or three of thefe Bladders joined together, they were
{inuous hereand there, with cavities, and look’d fomething like an Ear; and
were marked on the Surfaces like Honey Combs, cach of them being as
big as twenty of the ordinary Bladders of Veficaria marina non ramofa,

{t was ca{t upon the Shore with the other.

XLUI. Vefcaria marina non ramofa, é veficulis infundibuli forma, membrana un-
dulata extante coronatis conftans. Cat. p. 7. Tab.r4. Fig. 3

There was an oblong String or Ligament, which feemed to fatten this to
fome folid Body at the bottom of the Sea, from it arofe a great many Py-
ramidal Bladdets, liketo fo many Funnels, beginning narrow, and increafing
from the point at bottom for about three quarters of an Inch to the top,
where was an undulated Crown or ledge furrounding the top. Thefe Blad-
ders were dark Yellow, likeGlew or Parchment, fome of them had inclofed
a {mall éuccinum, and others.a hole, out of which I fuppofe it had crept, fuch
Bladders being often found empty. The whole was very clegant, and
doubtlefS the ova of fome buccinum.

It was thrown up with the former about the month of December, on the
ercat Sea fide, beyond Port Royal near the Palifadoes.

Thefe three lait recited Subftances, are, without queftion, nothing elfe
but the Membranes, or Shells of the Eggs or Spawn of Fifhes, though they
have been reckoned Plants by the greateft number of Naturalifts.

CHAP,

The Natural Fiifiory of Jamaica. O65 |

‘

Cuap. IL.
Of Mufhromes, Moffes, &c.

HE number of Muthromes! obferved in Jamaica were very few,
two of the ground kind, one whereof was edible, the o-
ther poifonous, and as many of thofe of Trees, one exadily
refembling Jers Ears, growing after the fame manner-on the

, Trunks of Trees, and the other coming out of the ends
of the Roots of them: my obfervations on thefe proceed no far-
ther than what eafily appeared of them without any very {tri@ Scru-
tiny. I took thethree firft to be Ewropeans, and | am apt to think the fourth
fo likewife.

Asto Mofles, I think following the ordinary divifion, they had beft be
divided into thofe on Trees, and thofe on the Ground, each of which may
again be fubdivided into thofe with broad Leaves, called Lichenes, and thofe
with narrow long Leaves. I think it paft doubt, chat moft, if nor all, of
them do propagate themf{élves by Seed, it being plain to the Eyethat many
of them have it, though fo fimall,'as in a calm day to go away like Smoak,
which doubelefs, with Wind, may: be.carried very far, and planted on the
tops of Houfes. This may be the reafom why many of this kind are not
enly common to Famaica and Exrope, but even {ome of themare to be found
in Pern, and the Streightsof Afigellan, as by Specimens brought thence upon
the Jetuits Bark, and by Mr Gzorge Hfandifyd does plainly appear. This kind
of Plant growing on Walls is with fome reafon fuppofed to be that which
is:tranflated Hytop in our Bibles, where Solomon is faid to * have fpoken * 1 Kings
of Trees, from the Cedar of Lebanon, to the Hyfop on the Wall. way 4 33

As to.the Lenticule aquatice c» equifeta, 1 leave them here where I find
them, till future Obfervation fhall difcover a more proper place.

J. Fungi Math. p.776, @e. Cat. p. 8.
They grow in the Savannas after Rain.

MN. Fungi albi venenati vifcidi, J.B. tom. 3. lib-40. p. 826. Cat. p. 8.

They grew with the orher efcwlent one, whereby feveral people have kill’d
themfelves with them in this Ifland, miftaking one for the other.

They caufe the Hiccough, ulccrate the Guts, make pale the Body, ftop
the Urine, bring Cold, ftop the Arteries, bring Tremblings and Death: be-
fides allhot Alexipbarmacks, Nature has one excellent one, the Juice of the
Herb Nhambu and Faborandi, which are Diuretick and Sweat, and fortifie the
- Native Heat, if, prefently after the Poifon, it be given them in Wine. Pifo,

Il. Fungus noxius primus, vel membranaceus auriculam referens, five Sambuci-
nus, C. B, Cat. p. 8. Agaricus auricule forma, Tournef. el. bot. p. 441. Inf.

p- §62. ; ;
This is to be found on feveral Trees of this Ifland. It agreedin every

thing with that of Europe fo exadtly, that | obferved no difference, but took
ic to be the fame.

IV. Fungus.ramofus minor, corrugatus, ex albido luteus, ¢ radicibus arborum pros
veniens. Cat. p. 8. Aw coralloides ramofa, Nigra, comprefla, apicibus albidis
Tourncfort Inft. p. 565.2

This

2)

GE =

60

a

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

This Fuxgus was about an Inch long, coming out from the ends of the
finall Roots of Trees, it begins very narrow, growing in breadth to its end,
where it is flat, ramofe, or deeply cut, and jagged and curled, or corrugated,
of a yellowifh white colour.

1 found it in a Gully, where it grew out of the ends of the Twigs of
the Roots ef the greater Trees, appearing out of the Earth, after being wetted
with Rain.

V. Mufcus arborens ramofus, J.B. tom. 3. lib. 37. p.764. Cat.p. 9. Lichen
cinereus latifolius ramofus, Tournefort. el. bot. p. 438. Inft. p. 550. Mufcofun-
gus arboreus capitulis roftratis. Bob. hift. Ox. part. 3. p. 634.

It is common on all Trees in Famaica, efpecially when decaying,

Tt is in England eaten by wild Mice.

It isufed by Perfumers. Jmp.

VI. Mufcus arboreus 3. feu cum orbiculis, C. B. pin. p. 361. Cat. p 9. Mufco-
fungus arborum anguftior peltatus e {cutellatus. Bob bift. Ox. part. 3. p.634.
An Mufccfungus arborum capillaceus [cutis amplis per ambitum pilis radiatis Ejuf:
p- 6352 Lichen cinereus vulgaris capillaceo folio minor. Tournef. el. bot. p. 438.
FEET 550-6

vie this Mofs on the Twigs and Branches of old Trees, in f{everal
places of this Ifland, efpecially towards the North parts. C. B. made this
the fame with the precedent. 7. B.

VIL. Mufcus tenuis » capillacens cinerei coloris ¢ ramis ilicis dependens, Cluf.
var. plant. hift.p.r3- Cat.p.9. An Mufcus arboreus aurantiacus ftaminibus tenuiffi-
mis ex in{ulis Fortunatis ? Plukenet. Phyt. Tab.309. Fig. Alm.p.r54. Mufcus
Cinereus ¢ ramis arborum dependens, Canarienfis, ex Staminibus Craffioribus ceni-
culatis, intenuifima cy longiffima fila ramulofus. Ejufd. ibid > Idem colore viridi.
Ejufd. itid > Long Mofs with which the Trees of the Ifland Plata were
much overgrown. Of Dampier Cap.6. Mufcus albus C incanus & ramis abies
tis dependens. Bromel. p. 68. Mufcofungus arborum nodofus five geniculatus. Bob.
hift.Ox. part.3. p.634- An Mufcofungus arboreus Canarienfis ex ftaminibus Craffio-
ribus geniculatis in tenuiffima & longiffima fila ramulofus Ejufd. ib. p. 6352 Muf-
cofungus arborens vulgaris comofus Cinereus. Ejufd. ib. Mufcofungus arborens Cana-
vienfis capillacens aurentiacus. Ejufd. ib?

I found this hanging down from the Branches of old Trees in the North
fide of this Hland.

Itis not the Lufeus, dc. p.2. Am. Fig. 39. of Theod. de Bry, for that, in
my opinion, is the Vifcum Caryophilloides tenniffimum ¢@ ramulis arbornm Mufei
in modum dependens foliis pruine inftar candicantibus, ec. To be defcribed
hereafter.

This is made ufe of by Perfumers for their Powders. Ce/alp.

The Vertues afcribed to this are many, as that it is Adftringent, ftops
Bleeding, and with Oil of Rofes Cures the Headach, comforts the Stomach,
reftores loft Appetite, {weetens the Breath: the infufion in Wine caufes Sleep,
{tops Fluxes and Vomiting, ec.

The colours and largenefs, of fome of the varieties of this, are taken
notice of by C. B. p. 361. Unus tenuior, Craffior alter, brevior, alins pro-
lixior ; omnes candefcentes, panci rutilantes, quandoque nigri, where ’tis plain
fome of the Kinds abovementioned are taken as varieties by him.

F have received of this from Mr. Charleton, who had it from the Eaf-
Indies, by the name of Moxa, and in it were to be feen Heads or Cups,
{uch as are fuppofed to contain the Seeds of this and other Kinds.

VII. Auf:

rs
te 2

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 6 7

ee |

VIN Mufcns arborens Septimus five pulmonarius, C.B. pin p. 361. Cat. pro.
Mufcofungus arboreus Platyphyllus ramofus ¢ viridi fufcus. Bob. part. 3. bift. Ox:
. 634. -
; It grows in the Woods on the large Trees.
Ti is good for moft Difeafes of the Lungs, given in Powder eitherto Man
or Beaft. Loz. L |
It is Cold, Dry, Adftringent, and ftops all Fluxes in Women. Muth,
Dod.

IX. Mufcus crufte aut lichenis modo arboribus adnafcens cinereus. Raii hift.
p.116. Cat. p. 10. Maufcofungus Lichenoides minor Cinerens vulgatiffimus. Bob.
bift. Ox. part. 3. p.634- Mufcus aridus cruftatus. Park. p. 1313.

It grows onold decaying Twigs, or Trecs in the Woods, very frequently.

X. Mufcus crufte modo arboribus adnafcens flavas, Raii hift. p.116. Cat. p. 10.
Mufcofungus Lichenoides minor vulgatifimus flavus. Bob, hift.Ox. part. 3. p.634.
Mufeus Cruftaceus bratteolatus flavus. D. Pet.

It grows on the old decaying Twigs of Treesin the Woods, very frequently.

XI. Malens arboreus minor cavus corniculatus albidus. Cat. p. 10. Mufcofungus
montanus Corniculatus. Bob. hift. Ox. parts 3. p. 63% poo

This was near an Inch high, white, hollow, tapering, and very often di-
vided into two Branches, fomething like a Stags Horn, having at the bottom
many {mall very deeply divided Leaves, fomewhat like the Mufcus crufte aut
lichenis modo arboribus adnafcens cinereus, Raii, fticking to the fides of fallen
Timber. Skane xh
J found it in a Wood between Mountain River, and Colonel Copes Plans
tation, growing out of arotting Tree, lyingcrofSthe Path.

I have found one much like this in England, in New-Hall Patk, growing
out of Timber, only much {maller, and more dark in Colour. C. 8. cons
founds this with flix fax. atilis Trag.J. B.

XII. Lenticula paluftris, Trag. p. 689. Cat.p. to. Ducks-Meat.

"Tis very common on all ftanding {Waters in Famaica: And in Fava, as
Bontius tclls us. : 3

It is accounted Cold and Moift in the fecond Degree, and reckoned good.
in all outward hot Swellings, or Difeafes of the Skin, it ftops all Fluxes of
Blood from Cold, and is good againft all Inflammations and Ruptures. Dor.
The Water is good againft inflam’d Livers, Lov, viz. Cloaths being dip’d in it,
and applied. Itis good in the Gout applied. In Inundations it takes Root,
and comes to be not unlike i/ymbrium aquaticum. Dal. |

It is eaten greedily by Ducks and Hens, mix’d with Bran. 7. B.

XIN. Leaticula palaftris quarta frve quadrifolia, C.B. pin. p. 362. Cat. p11.
This is common in all clayie, fhallow, ftanding Waters in Famaica.

XIV. Fucus five alga Capillaceo folio 1. vel alga viridis Capillaceo folio, C. B.
pin. p. 364. Cat. p. 1.
It is to be found in all ftanding Waters, or places where Rivers run

flow.
Pliny, and many Natural Hiftorians, fay that ‘tis a Sovereign and perfed

Remedy againft broken Bones.
KV. Mes

The Natural Hiffory of “Jamaica.

XV. Mufens terreftris repens quartus, five Mafcus filicizus major, C, B, pin,
p. 360. Cat.p.12. Tab.25. Fig.2. aaaaa | “a
It isto be found in the fhady Woods of Jazaica.

XVI. Mafcus terreftris repens feptimus, five mnufcus denticulatas wajor, C. B
pia. p. 360. Cat. p. 12. Mufcus Americanus denticalitus minor. T, ournef, Taft.
p. 556. “at a

This grows very plentifully on the fhady Hills near the Banks of the p+
Cobre, ec. Compar’d with that of Europe, | could not fee any difference,

XVII. Mfufeus terreftris latioribus foliis major feuvulgaris. Raii, hift. potzz.
Cat. p.12. Mufcus [quammofas major five vulgaris. Tournef. Infl. p.553.
"Tis fometimes.to be met with near the Tree Roots in the Woods.

XVI. Afufcus terreftris repens minor, ramulis cirea extremitates. cong lomera-
tis foliis capillaceis, Cat, p. 12. Tab. 25. Fig. b. |

This appear’d to be in every thing the fame with the Afufcus terrefPris
vulgaris minor adianti aurei capitulis, Raii. Only the Stalks were much
ftronger andl and larger, having no Branches or Twigs ‘till towards their
ends, where were very many clofe fet together, the Twigs being red.
difh, and the Leaves exactly like thofe of thar of Exgland, only {omewhat
more narrow.

It grew inthe ink de dy: Woods by the Roots of the Frees.
' 13: SLE ISAS: cis: 223" | > WY

XIX. Mufeus terreftris repens major, ramulis circa. extremitates, conglomerdtis,
foliolis multis CG minimis capillaceis, caulem occultantibus. Cat. p. 12. Tad. a5.
Fig. 2. > ae sas | Seas
This has many threeor four Inches tong, black, {trong Branches, or Strings
larger than. Threads, creeping on the Surface of the ground, on whofe ends
come many Twigs fer clofe together, or conglomerated, of about half an
Inch long, which are fet with almoft indifcernible pale green Leaves, very
thick, fo that no part of the Stalk is vifible, the upper Leaves covering the
under. Although I never faw this headed, yet I believe it has Heads,
therefore put it here.

It grew on Mount Diallo, and other woody Mediterranean places,

There is one in England much like this, only the Twigs not fo much con-
glomerated andJarger, as are the Leaves, which are pellucid. . It is to be met
with in barren Grounds. e ::

XX. Mufcus terreftris minor repens, cujus ramuli folits multis C minimis feri-
atim quadrato ordine difpofitis cinguntur. Cat. p.12. Tab.25. Fig. 3. ?
This is very like the former only in all irs parts lefs, the Twigs are not fo
thick fet together, but more {parfe in every part of the creeping Stalk, the

Leaves are {maller than any of this Kind, and covering the Stalk as the

precedent, but fo orderly as that there remains a Furrow between: their Sc-
ries, making them {ftriated.

It grows with the former. This differs from the Mufcus rupeftris Virginia
nus, Gc. Ban. Cat. M.S. Pluken, Alm. p. 248- Dr. Plukenet in his Mantiffa,
p. 248. doubts whither it be the fame with this or not.

XXI. Adiantum feu polytrichum aurenm medium, capitulo proprio pediculo infi-
dente, Cat. p12. Tab. 25. Fig. 4. 3

This

The Natural Hitfiory of Jamaica. 69

a
aa

|

This is in Stalks, Leaves, Heighth, crc. exa@tly like the Adiantum [en Poa
Lytrichum aurenm medium, Raii. But inftead of having its Flower or Head at
top of its Stalk, ithas a reddifh Foot Stalk, as long as its Stalk, rifing from
the Root without any Leaves, on which grow the Heads which I {uppofe are
the fame with the others of this Kind, for the Heads were fallen off when
1 gathered the Plant. |

[ found it in the mountainous inland Woods of this Ifland, as Mount
Diablo, ce.

XXII. Adiantum aurenm medium ramofum. Tab.r5. Fig. 5. |
This had a Stalk about five Inches long, of the fame colour, thicknefs,
and fubftance with thofe of this Kind, which towards the top was branched
into eight or nine Branches, about three quarters of an Inch long, each of
which had capillary Leaves, and Heads juft like the others of this Kind.
Thad it from Mr. Geo. Handifyd, who brought it from the Magellan Streights.
It was figured here through inadvertency.

XXIII. Polytrichum aurenm tertium feu minus, C.B. pin.p. 716. Cat. p. 12s

Little Goldilocks, or golden Maidenhair.

The Decoétion of this Plant Cures baldnefs, Expectorates tough Humours,
is Diuretick, and good for whatever Maidenhair is proper, difcufling Strv-
me, cc. Fuchs. = cs

It is ufed in magical Arts for a Philtre, dc. Trag.c.

_ It expels wonderfully the Stone, and is ufed againft Witchcraft, ce.
Schmenckfeldt. are

The Nail of the Toe of the right Foot being anointed with the Juice of
this Plant, is faid to put.away the Cataract of the left Eye, and Vice
ver{a, H.M. This feems to have been an abufe put on the Authors of that Book, who
did not difcover it, perhaps more {uch inadvertencies may be therein.

XXIV. Mufcus faxatilis vel lichen.x. petraus latifolius five Elepatica fontana,
C. B. pin. p.362. Cat.p.13. Common Ground Liverwort.

"Tis very common on the fhady moift Brinks of all Rivers in this Ifland.

Ic is good againft the Inflammations of the Liver, hot and fharp Agues,
and Tertians coming from Choler. Ger.

And againft all Obftru@tions of Liver and Spleen. Dort.

The Powder of the Plant with Sugar, is ufed for all the abovementiond
Difeafes. Lon ,

This is the Lichen of Diofcorides, Galen and the Greeks, and whatever
Vertues are attributed to this Azepatica by Serapio and others, are faid to be-
long by Diofcorides to Lichen, as applied by way of Cataplafm to ftop the
Hemorrhoids, Inflammations, and, Ring-Worm, and outwardly ufed with
Honey to Cure the Jaundice, or ill colour of the Skin ; therefore it cannot
be called Hepatica according to the Opinions of the Antients. Fuchf.

It Cures the Jaundice, if the Decoétion be taken to, the quantity of a
Quart; it Purges gently aduft and tough Humours, and being many days
repeated, I have {een many cured by it of the Maligna Scabies & Ulcera exe
edentia, but the DecoCtion mutt be frefh every day with Whey. Cefalp.

It {tops Blood. Dio/corid. and is good againft Burns. Turn. The Powder of
it taken with Sugar remedies the Difeafes of the Liver and Lungs. 7rag.

XXV. Equifetum 13 five fotidum {ub aqua repens. C. B. pin. p. 16. Cat.
p. 13. Stinking Water Horfe Tail.
This grows in moft Rivers through the Ifland.

It is uted for cleanfing Houthold oo j. B. XXVI. Eqaie

Fo The Nataral Fino Jaca

XXVI. Lquifetnm majus aquaticum. J.B, tom. 3. lib.36. p.729. Cat. p. 245.
This was found in the Marfhes of famaica by Fames Farlow, who brought
it fromthence. Dr. Sherard communicated it to me.

Cuape: Il.
Of Ferns or Capillary Plants.

HE Tribe of Ferns in Jamaica are very numerous, and ftrange
in their manner of growth. Many of them are Scandent, more
than one white on the Back; fome have Truncs like other
Herbs or Trees, and fome perfect Stalks. But whatever they
are, they fhall by me be ranged as thofe of Europe are by

Mr. Ray, according to the divifion of their Leaves : and whereas it is com-

monly held that noFern, has, properly fpeaking, a Caulis or Stalk, yet it will

hereafter plainly appear they have. To avoid a great deal of trouble in the
difpofition of them, I fhall confider the Stalks of thofe climbing Ferns only as

Roots. The divifions of the Leaf its felf arifing from fuch Stalk fhall deter-

mine its place without having regard to this Stalk, which ought otherwife to be

firft taken notice of in the divifion: Without doubt all hereafter named

Ferns are fuch: only there are fix call Phyllitidi Scandenti Afines, which t

am not {ure are Ferns, and therefore not having feen their Seeds, I give

them this, till a better place is found. The name 7richomanes thall fig-
nifie with me the fecond divided Fern with broad fimall Leaves, and the
word Lonchitis thofe with longer, though they agree not in every particu-
lar with the Ewropeans. The general divifions are, firft, thofe with undi-
vided Leaves. Secondly, Thofe with once divided into Pinae only, then into
thofe with the middle Rib, a Twig or Surcalus, and on it Pinnule, which I call

Filices non Ramofe : and the third is the ramofe Kind. Many of thefe Ferns

dre indented about the edge when young, and afterwards are plain with a

ferrugineous Welt on the outfide, and fometimes they are finuated '; many

other Varieties there are, appearing really differing Plants, which may be
eafily found out by any, who confiders their feveral defcriptions.

It is no great wonder that in fo great a number of new and frange Ferns
as are mentioned in my Catalogue, and deferibed hereafter, I was put to 1c
to find words, to defcribe fome of them. I think the terms [have made ufe
of are very plain, though Dr. Plukenet is pleafed in ‘his Acnriffa p. 83. to
find faule with one of them, viz. Surculws, and ‘to recommend in its
place Ala. I continue to think that Word ‘more proper than the other, for
’tis taken by the beft, and even pureft Writers, for the Germen Annotinum,
or yearly Sprout or Twig, to which are contiguous ‘the Leaves of Trees.
Now if any Word can be fitter to fignifie the laft divifion of the Stalk of
a Fern, to which the Pinaule or leaves are faften’d, I leave any body to
judge. The Word Ala ‘is ufed by the beft Herbarifts in many, and
very incertain fignifications, and even When it is applied to the wings or
Leaves of Ferns, is fomtimes taken for the Pinze, or Leaves themfelves,
fometimes for what I call the Twig or Sureulus, and fometimes for the
whole Ramulus or Branch, fo that it would have been very confounding,
and not have explained fufficiently my meaning. ThefeWords are fo often

ufed here, and the Cuts of the Ferns, either figured elfewhere, or eis
ook

a
oh
¥

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaaica.

71

Book, make my acceptance of them fo plain, that there can be no doubt
about them. As to the Etymology of the, Word Surculus, its Definition
from Feflus, Ge, 1 take them not to be material Arguments, and could
prove my Senfe of it to agree very well with what he and the beft Authors
fay. were it needful to infift on this matter. |

All thefe forts of Ferns, no queftion, may be made ufe of for the fame
purpofes, as thofe of the fame Kinds in Europe,

V. Lunaria elatior Adianti albi folio duplici fpica. Cat. p. 14. Ofmunda Ameri
cana filicule folio Tournefort. El. bot.p 437. Ofmunda filicale folio major. Ejufd.
Lnft.p. 547. An filix faxatilis ruta muraria folits Americana few adianthum
album folio filicis ex infula Famaicenft. Plukenet. Alm: p. 150? |
. This is fometimes about a Foot, but moftly fix or feven Inches high,
having a very flender green Stalk, at coming firft out of the Earth, being
of a dark colour. At about four Inches from the Ground, out of one fide
of the Stalk goes one Branch, to which are alternatively fet on Twigs, which
have feveral broad irregularly figur’d roundith Pinuule, {ometimes deep cut, at
other times alittleindented on theedges, being of a pale green colour, like to
adiantum album, and having many Furrows appearing radiated. Out of the A/a
or bofom of this Branch rife two round, {mall, green, two Inches long Stalks,
towards the tops of which are feveral {mall Bunches of firft green, afterwards
ferrugineous Duft, like to. that of Lunaria, Ofmunda Regalis, or the other
Ferns. The Root is like that.of Polypodium, and is covered with a blackifh
Hair, having feveral Fibrils like the Roots of other Ferns.

It grew on a Rock by the Banks of Rio-Cobre, below the Town, on the
fame fide of the River. | |
. This Plant is perfectly differing in all its parts from the Filix non ramofa
pinnulis crebris obtufis crenatis. Cat.p.r1. As onemay eafily fee by comparing
their Deferiptions and Figures, {o that one would wonder how Dr. Piukenet
came to doubt whither they were the fame in his Mantiffa, p. 78.

I]. Lunaria elatiot matricaria folio {pica duplici. Cat.p.14. Tab.r5. Fig. 6.
Lunaria racemofa cicutaria foliis Famaicana, Plukenct. Alws. p. 208.

This is much higher than.the former, rifing a Foot or more from the
Ground. . In its higher Spikes, which are-double, ic exa@tly agrees with the
former, only the Leaves or Pinnule, ate longer, narrower, not quite cut in to
the middle Rib or Twig, and of a paler green colour, fomething in their
Divifions, like the Leaves of Matricaria.

It grew with the former.

Il. Phyllitis non finuata minor apice folii radices agente, Cat.p.14. Tab. r6.
Fig.1. Filicifolia phyllitis parva faxatilis Virginiana per {ummitates foliorum
yadicola breviore ey tatiore folio, Plukewet. Alm. 2
.. This has a fmall, fcaly black -Root;.with many long Fibers drawing its
»Nourifhment, of a dark brown colour. The Leavesare many, rifing from the
fame Root, of a different magnitude, having no Foot-Stalks, the largeft be-
ing two Inches and a half long, and about half an Inch broad near the mid-
dle where broadeft, increafing from the Root thither, and thence decreafing,
growing very narrow, and ending in a point. This point bows down its
felfte the-Ground, ftrikes Fibers, takes Root, and fends out rounder
Leaves, in time growing longer, and with their ends taking Root, and fo
propagating its felf. The Seed lies in round fpots on the back of the Leaf
of cach fide of the middle Rib.

Ie

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica.

It grew ina thick, very high, and fhady Wood, at the bottom of Mount
Diablo, beyond the Maggoty Savanna: |

It differs from Mr. Baniffer’s Phyllitis faxatilis Virginiana per funimitates fo-
licrum prolifera, Which is Gnuated at Bafe, and hasa Feot-Stalk.

IV. Phyllitis arboribus innafcens, folio non finuato tenuiori rotundis pulverulen-
tis maculis aver{a parte puncfato. Cat. p.14, Lingua cervina longis anzuftis é
undulatis foliis. Tournef. Inft. p. 545.

This has a long knobbed Root, having faftened to it feveral Scales, or
temains of Leaves dropt of, and a great many reddifh brown Fibers, in-
terwoven one within another, having a three Inches long green Foot-Stalk.
The Leaf is nine Inches long, two broad in the middle, where broadeft,
not falcated or finuated at beginning like Evropean Harts-Tongue, but very
narrow, and ending in a fharp, or fometimes blunt point, being very
green, thin, and fhining, and having on its backfide feveral round ferrugi-
neous {pots in which lie the Seeds.

It grows moftly on the Truncs of great, chiefly old, Trees, as Mifleltoe,
and is to be found on fuch Trees in the Path going to fixteen Mile Walk, and
in fhady places of the Hills in Liguanee by Aope River. Sometimes whea
old Trees fall down, this wil! then grow on the Ground.

V. Fhyllitis non finuata foliorum limbis \eviter ferratis. Cat. p. 14.

This, which feemed to be a {mall ftarv’d Plant, had a Root made up of
many brown Fibres, {ending up fome eight or nine Leaves without any Foot-
Stalks, being about three Inches long, three quarters of an Inch broad, near
the further end where broadeft, of a yellowifh green colour, and fmootl:,
dentated about the Edges, being narrow at beginning, they increafe to neat
the end, and then decreafe to a blunt point.

It grows in the great fhady Woods, in the inland parts of the Ifland.

VI. Hemionitis peregrina Cluf. rar. plant. hift. lib.6. p»214. Cat.p. 14.
I had this given me by Dr. William Sherard, who had it of one, Who 'ga-
thered it in Famaica or Madera.

VII. Filix Eremionitis ditta Maderenfts, hedera arborea aliquatenus amula, fee
foliorum bah auriculis binis utrinque donato. Pluken. Alm. p. 155. Phyt. Tab.
287. Fig.4. Hlemionitis Famaicenfts hederaceo folio, lincis feminiferis tenusff-
mis in dorfo notato. Bob. hift. Ox. part. 3. p. 560. An Hemionitis Lufitanica
elegantior Tournef. el. Bot. p. 436? Inft. p. 546 ?

This was brought me with the former, and was gathered by Fames Harlow
in Madera, if I rightly remember. { queftion much whether this be really
differing from the former.

_ Though Dr.Plskenet tacitly confefles in his Mantiffa, p.82.that he had made
twoof this Plant in his Almag. p.155. yetany body who compares his Figure

of this Plant, 7ab.287. Fig. 4. and mine of the Hemionitis peregrina folio

rum fegmentis finuatis, &c. Tab.2.6. Fig.2. figured and defcribed hereafter,
will find them vaftly differing.

VIII. Hremionitis folio hirfuto c magis diffecto feu ranunculi folio. Cat. p. 14.
Filix hemionitis ditta fanicula foliis villofa, Plukenet. Alm. p.155. Phyt. Tab.
291. Fig. 4. |

This had a great many fibrous, and thready black Roots, fending up fe-
veral {maller, and two fix Inchas long fhining black cornered Stalks, being
covered over with a Ferrugineous Hair or Mofs, the Leaf ftands at top, be-
ing divided into three parts or Segments, very deeply cut in, even almoft to

the

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

af

the Center, the two undermoft Sections having Ears, or appendicule, makin

the Leaf appear divided into five Sections. The divifion in the middle is -

the larger, being an Inch and a half long, and about half as broad in the
middle where broadeft, being eafily dented on each fide, rough, of a yel-
lowifh green colour, ending each of them ina point, and having one Purple
middle Rib coming through them from the Foot-Stalk, as froma common

Center. From thefe middle Ribs go feveral tran{verfe Fibers, on which is.

a great deal of Ferrugineous Mofs, which is the Seed. The whole Leaf
is very like that of the ranaunculus pratenfts repens hir{utus. C. B.

It grew in the fhady Banks of a gully in a Wood, between the Town
Savanna, and Two-Mile-Wood.

IX. Hemionitis foliis atrovirentibus maxime diffettis feu filix Geranii Roberti-
ani folio. Cat.p.15. Filix hemionitis Americana petrofelini foliis prefunde laci-
niatis Plukenct. Phyt. Tab. 286. Fig. 5. Almaz. p. 155. Filix hemionitis Fae
maicenfis foliisGeranii Rupertiani quodammodo emulis. Ejufd. ibid. Adiantum
monophyllum Americanum foliis profunde laciniatis ad cras pulverulentum, Bob.
hift. Ox. part. 3. p. 592.

This asto Root, Stalk, cc. is the fame with the former, only the Leaf is
{mooth, of adark green colour above, being very much more diflected or
laciniated with Ferrugineous Lines all along the Margins of the back fides of
the Leaves, the DifleCtions appearing like the geranium Robertianum Leaves
as to manner of incifures, cc. io

Thefe two Plants may be reduced to the fecond Divifion of Ferns more
properly, but becaufe of their great affinity with the hemionitis peregrina, \
have put them here. |

It grew with the former. |
~ How Dr. Plukenet came to make two of thisone Plant, as he does in his.
Alm, p.155. and Mantiffa p. 82. he beft can tell. | :

X. Hemionitis peregrina foliorum fegmentis finuatis longioribus, cr magis a-
cuminatis feu hedera folio angulofo. Cat. p. 15. Tab.26. Fig.2.

This had feveral long fibrous Roots uniting in a knob, which fends
up three or four Stalks, with Leaves very like the Hemionitis Pere-
rina Cluf. only it was not fo broad nor thick in the Confiltence of
the Leaf, and had not fuch Auricles as it, and the Segments into which
it was divided, which were three, were longer, more fharp pointed, and
finuated about the Edges, which makes me of opinion that it is a differ-
ing Plant.

{fc was brought from Famaica, and given me by Dr. Sherard.

XI. Phyllitis minor [candens foliis anguftis. Cat. p 15. Filix farmentofa bia
frons, {ew, Dryopteris fcandzns Famaicenfis inter filicem & lycopodium media vel
Filicis @ lycopodii Compos. Plukenet Tab. 290. Fig. 3. Alm. p. 156. Line
gua cervina fcandens caulibus {quamemofts. Tournefort. el. Bot. p. 435. Inft.

. 545.
f This has a compreffed Stalk, not fo big as a Hens Quill, covered over very
thick with very many ferrugineous Hairs or Mofs, like that of the other
Ferns. This fometimes turns Gray, mounting up ftraight forcy Foot high,
{ticking clofe to the Bark of any Tree, by many hairy {mall fib.ils, of a red-
difh Brown colour. On each fide of this Stalk, which is fometimes branched,
goes a Leaf or Pinna at about half an Inchesdiftance, being placd alterna-
tively, each of thefe Leaves is about four Inches long, and three quarters
of an Inch broad in the middle where broadeft, being narrow at pad ste
U an

7 4. The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

and ending in a point, fmooth, of a light Green colour, and having one
middle Rib, on each fide of which is a row of ferrugineous Spots, in
which lies the Seed.

It grew on the Truncs of the Trees in going up Mount Diablo, towards
the North fide.

I cannot imagin what Dr. Plukenet means by his Title to this Plant, why
he fhould cail ic in his Alm. p. 156. Inter filicem ¢ lycopodinum media, and
correct it in his Afantiff. p.84. calling it Filicis & lycopodii Compos. Neither
ean any Body tell buc himfelf, unlefs he has taken the top of the Scans
dent Stalk of this Plant for a Head like that of Lycopodium.

XII. Phyllitis (candens minima mufci facie foliis membranaceis fubrotundis.
Cat. p. 15. Tab. 27. Fig. 1. Filix hemionitis lichenoides Americana fungi aue
vicularis Cafalpini emula radice reptatrice Plakenet. Almag.p. 185. Fig. 3.

This had a flat black Stalk covered with a Hair like other Mofles, apply-
ing its felf ro the Rocks, Stones or Trees, and rifing feven or eight Foor
high, putting out at more or lefs diftance, fmall roundifh membranaceous
yellowifh green Leaves, like thofe of the!Poltrichum aurenm minus foliis [ub=
rotundis. “Chey grow fometimes longer, having incifurcs on their edges; the
Plant looks fomewhat like a Mofs, butif narrowly view’d {eems neverthe«
lefs properly to belong to this place.

It grew onthe moift Truncs of Trees, by Rio d’ Oro, Orange River, and
Archers ridge, between fixteen Mile Walk and Saint Maries,

XIII. Phyllitidi foandenti afinis major, folio cralfo fubrotundo, Cat. p.15. Tab.
28. Fig. 1. ;

This has a cornered compre(fS‘d ftriated green Stalk, having Leaves com-
ing out on each fide of the Stalk, alternatively at an Inch diftance, under
each of which is a broad fungous or f{pongy gray Clavicle, flicking very
firmly tothe Truncs of Trees, or fides of Rocks, by that means mounting
fometimes to thirty Foot high Each. Leaf has no Foot-Stalk, is about an Inch
and a quarter long, and an Inch broad near the round Bafe where broadeft,
being almoft round, fomewhat fhap’d like a Heart, {mooth, thick, juicy,
of apale whitifh green colour, almoft like thofe of Orpiz.

It grows on the Truncs of the taller Trees, or moift inland Rocks, in the
Woods, in moft places of this Ifland.

XIV. Phyllitidi [candenti afinis minor folio craffo oblongiori. Cat. p. 15. Tab.
BS... Fig. 2. :

T Mee exa@tly the fame with the former, only the Leaves are longer and
narrower, they being an Inch and half long, and about three quarters of
an Inch broad, at round Bafe, where broadeft, and a little more frequent
than the former. Of this there are, as to bignefS and manner of growth,
fome final! varieties. |

It is to be found on the Truncs of Treeson Mount Diablo, Arebers ridge,
Orange River Banks, and other the Mediteranean Woods in this Ifland.

XV. Phyllitidi {candenti afinis minima, folio crafSo oblongiori. Cat. p.15. Lab.
ap. Fig-3.

This, as to Stalks, Clavicles, manner of growth,c>c. is the fame with the
precedent, only thefe parts are in every thing leffer, the Leaf not being over
three quarters of an Inch long, and one quarter of an Inch broad at round
Bafe where broadeft. The Leaves are fet at much lefier diftance. 3

It grows with the former.
XVI. Phyl-

The Natural Fiffory of Jamaica. .

75

XVI. Phyllitidi [candenti afinis minor, folits fubrotundis, acuminatis, ex adver-
fo fitis. Cat. p.15. Tab. 28. Fig. 4.

This creeps up the Truncs of Trees after the fame manner as the pre-
ceding, by a cornered white Stalk, putting forth at about half an Inches di-
{tance at the Joints, fome fimall Capreoli, or rather Cirrhi, like thofe of Ivy,
which take hold of the Barks of the Trees they Climb. At the fame places
come out the Leaves oppofite to one another, having Foot-Stalks about the
eighth part of an Inch Long Foot-Stalks, being almoft round, about three
quarters of an Inch long. ‘They are half an Inch broad near the round Bafe
where broadeft, whence they decreafe, ending in afharp point, being fmooth,
equal about the edges, and of a light brown colour. What Flower or
rg it makes, I know not; but by its likenefs to the preceding, I bring it
uther.

It grew on the Truncs of the Trees near the Banks of Rio d’ Oro, coming
from St Maries to fixteen Mile Walk.

XVII. Phyllitidi [candenti afinis minor graminifolia, folio oblongo acuminato,
foliorum pediculis alis extantibus anéfis. Cat. p.15. Tab.27. Fig.2. Phyllitis
minor {candens {alicinis foliis acuminatis viridibus. Bobart. hift. Ox. part. 3.p.558:

This has a like Stalk with Cirrhi, as the former, onlya lictle larger, the
Leaves come at Joirits fingly, not two oppofite to one another, having a-
bout half an Inch long Foot-Stalks, with extant {triated membranaceous Ale
or Appendices, inclofing the Stalk almoft round, and looking like the {mall
or firft Leaf of an Orange Tree, the Leaf its felf is an Inch and _ half
long, and near half an Inch broad at round Bate where broadeft and
wheice it decreafes to the point having one middle Rib, and feveral tranf{-
vetfe ones running to the edges being {mooth, thin, thining, grafly, fome-
what like the Leaves of Phyllitis, and of a pale green colour.

Jt grew on the Trees with the former.

— XVII Phyllitidi fcandenti affinis major graminifolia, folio oblongo acuminato,
foliorum pediculis alis extantibus auctis. Cat. p. 15. Puiay.. Figo}. ,
_ This is in every thing the fame only larger in allits parts, the Foot-Stalks
being two Inches long, the Leaves graffie, four Inches long, and half as
broad.
It grew with the former.

XIX. Polypodium altifimum. Cat.p.t5. Polypodinm Famaicenfe majus cy elatius,
alis longioribus, punctis aureis aver{a parte notatis, Bob. hift. Ox. part. 3. p. 563.
An Polypodium majus Africanum pediculis foliofts lobifque planis. ejufd. ib. p.564?

An filix Polypodinm ditta minima Virginiana platynenros Plukenct. Alm. p. 153.
Phyt. Tab 289. Fig. 2? :

This Polypodinm (which had Roots with Tubercles, Fibers, and reddifh
MofS or Hair, as the ordinary Polypodium) rofe to be three Foot and a
half high, having a reddifh green, large, {mooth, {trong and long Foot-
Stalk. The Pine were fet on by pairs to the middle Rib, oppofite to
One another, at about an Inches diltance, join’d at Bafe by a Membrane run-
ning along the middle Rib, making it alated as with others of this Kind. The
Pinne each of them are fix Inches long, and about three quarters of an Inch

broad in the middle where broadeft, beginning narrow, increafing to the

middle, and ending in a point, having one middle Nerve, on each fide of
which, on the backfide of the Leaf, is arow of Ferrugineous Spots, being
the Sceds. The Leaves are of a yellowifh green colour, and {mooth.

The

EP ee cetera mg

70

The Natural Hiftory of “Jamaica. |

anna

The Pixne of this, when young, are fo broad as to have their edges lie
over one another, which makes it feema different Plant.
Ic grew in the Inland mountainous parts of this Ifland.

XX. Loachitis paluftris maxima. Cat. p.t5 — Filix Americana maxima an-
rea non ramofa alis integris alternis planis, Bob. hiff. Ox. part. 3. p.571. Lingua
cervina ramofa aurea, Plum. Tournef. Inft. p. 546.

A great many Leaves rife from the fame knobbed large Root, to four or
five, or even nine or ten Foot high, having a greenifh cornered irregularly
fhap'd middle Rib, as large as ones little Finger. To this at every Inch, or
Inch and a halfs diftance are fet the Pinne, from the bottom to the top of
the Stalk alternatively from the oppofite fides of it. Each Pinya a Foot
long, and three Inches broad in the middle where broadeft, being nar-
row at beginning, and ending obtufely. It is green, fmooth, and dire@ly
of the fhape, colour, and confiftence of Harts-Yongue, having one middle
Rib eminent on the backfide of the Pinza, which is {ometimes all, and fome-
times half covered over with a rufty colour’d Mofs, in which lies its Seed,
The Leaf or Branch has atits end, or that of the middle Rib, one fingle
Pinna at top.

It growsin the Marfhes near Black River Bridge, going to Old Hurloyr,
and by the Salt River near Paffage Fort.

It is ufed inftead of Thatch to cover Houfes.

Tt is alfo ufed to ftop Dyfenteries, and the violent motions of the /liac
Paffion, by boiling the Root, and drinking the Decoétion.

The Decodtion. of the Root is excellent in Obftruions of the Spleen,
Quartans, Scurvey and Melancholy, efpecially if Sarfa and China be ad-
ded. A Salt made of the Leaves by Chimiftry is an excellent Remedy
againft Ulcers, and carious Bones of the Toes and legs, being very drying.
Bont. :

The Root is ufed by the Malabars and Favans in bitings of poifonous
Beafts. Bont.

It is Temperate, and opens Obftructions of the Liver. Bontins.

If this be what Flacourt mentions to grow in Madazafcar, he fays it isthere
made into Hats, Garlands or Crowns, which they wear on their Heads, be-
caufe of its good Smell. And that it is Cordial, and good for Liver and
Spleen, as our Maiden- Hair.

XXI. Loachitis Afplenii facie pinnulis variis, viz. fubrotundis, cr ex utroque
latere auriculatis. Cat. p. 16. Tab. 29. & 30. Fig. 1. Adianthum feu filix
trichomanoides Famaicenfis ; pinnulis auriculatis dentatis, ad bafin amplioribus
radiculas ex nutante apice ad Terram demittens. Plukenct. Almag. p. 9. Tab.
253. Fig. 4. Filicifolia lonchitidis facie Famaicenfis, ad bafin uninfcnju{que
pinne, binis auriculis chtufis donata ambitu aquali cr averfa parte ferrugineis
punttis duplice ordine notata. Eju{d.Alm. p.152r. Phyt. Tab. 286. Fig.r. Filix|
Jamaicenfis fimpliciter pinnatis afplenii foliis averfa parte duplici ferie punctorum
notatis Ejufd. Alm. itid. Phyt. Tab. 290. Fig 1. An filix minor Africana
lonchitidis folio pinnulis auriculatis planis. Ejufd. Phyt. Tab. 89. Fig. 7 ? Po-
lypodium Americanum medium foliis variis pinuulis obtufis binis macularum or-
dinitus infignitis. Bob. bift. Ox. part. 3. p. 563. Lonchitis Famaicenfis elatior

ediculis molli lanugine pubefcentibus alis breviorilus utrinque auriculatis rarius
difpofitis, Ejufd. ib. p.568. Lonchitis minor Famaicenfis non dentata alis angulis
crebris atrovirentibus, utringue auriculatis. Ejufd. ibid. 569. Polypodium incifuris
alplenit. Towrnefort. El, Bot. p. 432. Inft.p. $4.

The

Ihe Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

Tih

The Face of this Plant, and difference of the Leaves or Pinnulemake it
very difficult to affign ita right place, for almoft every {everal middie Rib or
Stalk has feveral differing Kinds of Pinnule. 1t fometimes is about a Foot
and a half long, has a pale green Stalk, which is fomewhat hoary, and at
bottom has roundifh Prwnule, refembling the Leaves of Nammularia, and
thofe are placed at fome diftance from one another See Zab. 29. ¢} Tab.30.
Fig. 1. lit.aaaaaa. On other Stalks at greater or leffer diftances come
Pinnula or: Leaves that are Oblong, and fomething auriculated on both up-
per and under fide, and then above them to the point are rounder Leaves.
On other Twigs the Leaves are joined clofe to one another, after the man-
ner of thofe of <Afplenium. All of thefe forts of Pisnule have Seed on the
back parts, lying in Ferrugineous Spots along the middle Rib, as others of
this Kind. See Zab. 29. c Tab. 30. Fig. 1. lit.bbbbb. Sometimes again
the Leaves will be Oblong and auriculated of each fide, both upper and
under, and disjoined without any cohefion up to the top. At other times
they will be auriculated, disjoined, and towards top grow weak, trailing
and touching the ground take Root, and propagate the Plant, fo that I have
not feen in any Plant fo great {porting of Nature as in this. Another va-
riety is in the Leaves, which are ferrated, or, as it were, made up of Pinaule,
after the manner of the Chamefilix, which take Root when they touch the
ground, as the preceding variety doth, and this is fo very odd, that it
would impofe almoft on any one to make them believe it a differing Plant.
See Tab. 29. lit.c ce. all the Pinnula of this Fernare thorteft at bottom, and
longeft in the middle. The Roots were many black Ligule united, making
a {trong Foundation for the Plant.

It was brought from Famaica by Sir Arthur Rawdon’s Gardener, and com-
municated to me by Dr. Sherard.

Itappears by Zab. 29. Fig. 1. lit. bb, ec. that it has two forts of Leaves,
thoferof A/plenium, and auriculated on both fides, fo that I cannot but won-
der why Dr. Plwkenct fhould think that it cannot be the fame with the Fi/ix
non ramofa fcolopendrioides of Plumier, becaufe that is not auriculated, Vid.
Mant. p. 79.

XXIL. Lonchitis altifima, pinnalis utringque, feu ex utrogque latere auriculatis.
Cat. p. 16. Tab. 31. Lonchitis glabra minor Plum. p. 19. Fig. 28. An Filix,
few lonchitis alpera Famaicenfis eclatior pinnis longioribus utrinque auriculatis,
fubtus punctatis, cy obtuftortbus denticellis [pinofa. Plukenet, Almag. p. 152?
Lonchitis Americana glabra alis latioribus CG brevioribus crebrins difpoftis: Bob.
hift. Ox. part. 3. p. 568.

That part of this Lonchztis which came to my Hands was about three
Foot long, having a very {trong middle Rib or Stalk, furrowed fore
ward, and round backwards, reddifh and fhining, being fet at every three
quarters of an Inch with Pinaule or Leaves about an Inch long, and half as
broad, being whole without incifures to near their tops. Each Pinnula had
two Auricles, one of each fide, as well under as above, at the Bafe of the
Pinnula, that above being moft difcernible. They have two rows of ferrugi-
neous Spots, one on each fide of the middle Rib.

This was brought from Jamaica by Sir Arthur Rawdons Gardener, and com-

municated to me by Dr. Sherard.

XXII. Lonchitis altifima, pinnulis raris non laciniatis. Cat. p. 16. Tab. 32.
This Lozchitis was about five Foot high, having about a Foot and a half
long, roundifh, dark brown, or blackith Foot-Stalk ; the Pinne were about
two Inches long, about three quarters of an Inch broad at Bafe, where they
parted from the middle Rib, from whence a) decreas’'d to the end, which
was

78

The Natural Eiftory of Jamaica.

was roundifh and blunt, not at all laciniated, having one middle Rib on
each fide of which were many ferrugincous round Spots or Seeds : there was
about half an Inches empty fpace between the parts of the Pine, which:
were placd alternatively on cach fide of the middle Rib.

{ found it in the inland mountainous parts of this and on Mount

Diatio.
It appears plain that this is not the fame with the laft {ave one, which

Dr. Plukenet in his Mantiffa, p. 79. thinks may be the fame with this.

XXIV. Lonchités major, pinnis latioribus, leviter denticulatis, fuperiore la»
tere auriculatis. Cat. p.16. An lonchitis foliis fuperius incifis major. Plum.
Tournef. Infl. p- 539?

This rifesa Foot and a half high, the Stalk being blackifh at its coming out
of theEarth, having Pivae {er alternatively at about a third part of an Inches
diftance from one another, by very fhort Foot-Stalks: the Pine fet in the mid-
die are largeft, being an Inch and a quarter Jong, and about half an Inch
broad at the Bafe, where broadeft, from whence they decreafe, ending in a
point, being ferrated, or cut in on the edges, and having on the uppermoft
edge of each Pinna, an Ear or Appendicula, and on the backfide feveral ver-
miculated ferrugincous Lines, in which is the Seed, on each fide of the emi-
nent middle Rib.

Jc grew in the inland woody parts of this Ifland,

Ic is very evident that this is perfectly diftin@ from the Lonchitis major,
pinnis anguftioribus leviter deaticulatis {uperiore latere auriculatis to be defcribed
prefently, as appears by their Defcriptions and Figures, contrary to what is

affirmed by Dr. Plukenet in his Mantiffa, p. 79.

XXV. Lonchitis minor pinnis latioribus leviter denticulatis, fuperiore latere an-
viculatis. Cat. p. 16. Tab. 33. Fig. 1. Filix minor now ramofa Famaicenfis alis
uncialilus, acuminatis latioribus. Bob. hiff. Oxon. part. 3. p.572- An lonchitis
foliis {uperius inciis Minor, Touracfort. Inft. p. 539 ?

This was exactly the fame with the precedent, only not half {0 large, fo
thar ic may be thought no variety, but a diftinét Specics. The Seed lay
on its Back ‘after the fame manner, and the Pinne were thinner and

narrower.
It grew on the Rocks near the Banks of Rio d Oro, near fixteen Mile

Walk.

Dr. Plakenet queftions in his Mantiffa, p. 79. if this be the fame with his
Almag. Filix feu lonchitis afpera Famaicenfis pinnula lata, brevi, angulofa,
p.152. By the name fhould nor have taken it to be the fame.

XXXVI. Lonchitis major pinnis anguftioribus leviter denticulatis fuperiore la-
tere auriculatis, Cat. p. 16. Tab. 33. Fig. 2. Am Filicula lonchitidis folio an-

richlata ¢y dentata, Plukenet. Mant. p. 77 ? Vel an Filix mas uon ramofa Mari-

landica, pinnulis anguftis rarioribus, profunde dentatis, fuperna parte auriculatss,
Ejufd. ibid. p.78 2 Filix minor non ramola Famascenfis, alis uncialibus anguftio-
ribus. Bob. hift. Ox. part. 3. p-572-

This has a Root having many long capillary Fibers, being black, fcaly,
and covered with a ferrugineous Mofs. The Stalk is greener than the for-
mer, having Pinne, fet oppofite or alternatively, they are in every thing
exactly like them, only very narrow, being not half fo broad, but in Au-

ricles, Nerves, Spots, ec. exactly the fame.
Je grew with the other, in the more inland woody parts of the Ifland,

XXVIL Lone.

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

79

XXVUL Lonchitis major pinnis longis anguftiffimifque. Cat. p. 16. Tab. 34.
Lonchitis minor Famaicenfts pinnulis anguftis longis ad bafin auriculis rotundis
donatis, Bob. hift.Ox. part. 3. p. 568:

This has a large Root, folid, and of a whitifh green colour within, to-
wards the top covered over with a ferrugincous Hair, and fending up feveral
Leaves above a Foot high, having greenilh, white, and {mooth Foot-Stalks,
about five Inches long, The Piaae are {et on to the middle Rib, fometimes
oppofite, (chiefly below,) and fometimes alternatively having about the fixth
part of an Inch diftance between the pairs, each of chem being about two
Inches long, and a fixth part of an Inch broad at beginning where broadett,
and whence they decreafe, ending in a point, being not at all ferrated, very
{mooth, even, and of a grafly greencolour. ‘The round auricles mention’d
by Mr.Bovart are very {mall.

Ir grew out of the fifflures of the Rocks in the fhady Road, going to fix-
teen Mile Walk.

It feems to me impoffible that this fhould be what Dr. Plukenet thinks,
Mantiff. p. 81. viz. Filix Famaicenfis Facee majoris Gerardi aut potius centaurei
wajorts lutci Parkinfon. emula falcatis foliis iategris cr margine equali Almag.

p54.

XXVIL Palypodium minus pinnulis raris fubtus cimercis. Cat. p.16. Filix
polypodium ditta minima Famaicenfis folii averfa parte ferrugineo pulvere afple-
nid rita circumguaque refperfis. Plukenet. Alm. p.153- Phyt. Tb.r89. Fig.r. Poly-
podium minusVirginianum foliis brevioribus {ubtus argentew. Bobart. hifk. Oxon,
part. 3. p. 563. Lab. ena. Plant. Capill.

This has a round, blackifh, hard Root like other Polypodies only fmaller,
covered in {ome places with a ferrugineous hairy Mofs, and creeping for a
good length. From thence go many long fibrils into the Earth, of a reddifh

brewn colour. At about haifan Inches diftance, this Root fends our Leaves,,

which have gray, or light brown coloured Foot-Stalks two Inches long, the
whole Leaf and Foot-Stalk being about four Inches high. The Pinne are
not fo frequent as in the precedent, but more rare, {et almoft oppofite one
tothe other, about three quarters of an Inch leng, and an eighth part broad,
not laciniated, nor finuated, thick, on the upper fide of a yellowith green
colour, on the under gray or whitifh, with fome rows of ferrugineous Spots
on their edges, being the Seed.

It grew on the Rocks, in a Wood on the fide of a Mountain, near
Mr. Elletfon's Plantation in Liguanee.

XXIX. Lonchitis minor pinnulis anguftis crebris tenuibus atrovirentibus. Cat.
7.16. Filix feu Lonchitis Famaicenfs polypodii folio pediculis nigris. Plukenet
Almaz. p. 152.

This has a firm knobbed Root, as big as the top of ones little Finger,
covered towards the top with fcaly brown Mofs, and having very many
dark brown Fibres-going deep into the Earth. It fends up Leaves from fix
Inches to two Foot long, their Foot-Stalks being brown, an Inch anda halt
long, the Pinne are {et on to the Stalk, or middle Rib, not oppofite to one
another, but alternatively, being cut into the middle Rib. Thefe are about
three quarters of an Inch long, and not over a Twelfth part of an Inch
broad at beginning where broadeft thin, and of a dark green colour, each
having one middle Rib, on cach fide of which lies its See din redifh Spots :
fometimes this is two Foot high, and the Pian almoft oppofite though very
rarely.

It grew on the woody Mountains near Mr. El/et/on’s Plantation in Li-
UAiee. XXX. Lone

SO

ee nn Sas

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

XXX. Lonchitidi afinis arbor anomala folic, alato & pinnarum crenis fractifero,
Cat. p. 16. Hippoglof[o forte Cognata Surinamenfis, foliis cleandri fervratis, in
crenarum extremo flofculos perminutes fanguineos gerentibus vel forte hemionitidi
afinis, Breyn. pr. 2. p. 57. An Hemionitidi afinis Americana epiphyllanthos
folio fompliciter pinnato, hyppoclolfi emulo, radice reptatrice lignofa ad foliorum
crenas florida anguftiori c> longiori folio ramofa caul.{cens. Plukenet phyt. Tab.
247. Fig.4°?

"This otis rifeth to about eight Foot high, having Stems not much thicker
than ones Thumb, whofe Wood is white and folid, with {mall Pith, and Bark
is{mooth, of alight gray colour, a little ftriated, and fomething like that of F ir,
to whofe Cyma or {pringing Gemma the top of the Tree is exactly like. The
Leaves came out near the tops of the Branches without any order, are winged
four Inches long, the Pinne being {et on to a middle Rib, at about half an
Inches diftance, alternatively. They are about feven or nine in number,
having an odd one at the end of the middle Rib, each of them is about an
Inch and an half long, and three quarters of an Inch broad near the middle
where broadeft, fhining fomething like the Leaves of Laurus Alexandrina,
being of a dark green colour, f{mooth, having one middle Nerve, and feveral
lateral ones. The principal of thefe Nerves end in fome little {mall notches
at the Margin, in which come firft a ruflet or ferrugineous Mofs, and then
out of the middle of that a very {mall rufler colour’d Flower on a {mall
Foot-Stalk, after which follows {ticking clofe to the Margin of the Leaf,
the Fruit, which is round, no bigger than a {mall Pins Head. It is made
up of a great many, almoft round, dark brown or ferrugineous Seeds, fer
round in a fungous Body, as may be eafily {een by a Microfcope. The
Roots are for the moft part long Threads and Filaments, running into the
crannies of the Rocks, feeking Nourifhment to the Plant.

There is a variety of this with much broader Leaves.

It grows among the woody Hills on the Honey-Comb Rocks, near
Mr. Barchelor’s Houfe, cc. very plentifully.

Ithink this a properer place for this Plant, than to be put in anocher,
as Dr. Plakenet would do in his Adantiff. p. 81.

XXXI. Trichomanes majus pinnis finuatis fwbtus niveis. Cat. p. 17. Tab. 35.
Fig.1. Adianthum fen trichomanes maximum Americanum fubtus argentemm pin-
uulis productioribus ferratis fummo caule involutis ex infula Famaicenft. Plukentt.
Alm. p.9. An Trichomanes argenteum ad oras nigrum. Plum. Inft. p.540 ?

This Plant has feveral long Filaments of a dark brown colour, coming
from a folid Oblong {mall Root, covered over at the top with a blackifh
hairy Mofs like other the Ferns. From thence rife many Leaves about a Feot
long, having reddifh brown, roundifh, fhining Foot Stalks, and middle
Ribs, on which the Pinue are fet fometimes oppofite to one another, fome-
times alternatively, rarely towards the bottom, but near the rop as thick as
they can ftand by one another, each Pinna being about half an Inch long,
and a quarter broad at Bafe, where broadeft, and for the moft part ear’d,
from whence it diminifhes, ending in a point. They are of an irregular Fi-
gure, notch’d about the edges with fome finuations, and {mall incifures,
being green above, and very white beneath, having on their Margin or edges,
a ferrugineous Line or Mofs, containing its Seed.

It grew on the fide of a woody Hill, amongft the Rocks, near Mr. Ellet
fon’s Plantation in Liguanee,

The odnefs of the Title made me doubt if this was Dr. Plukenet’s Adian-
thum abovementioned, but he fhimfelf is pofitive in it. Mantiff. p. 9. therefore

he muft explain how it comes to be pinnulis productioribus ferratis fummo canle
involutis. XXXIL Zri-

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

81

— XXXIL Zrichomanes majus totum album pinnis aculeatis Trapezii figura. Catp.17:
Lab. 36. Fig.t.c7 2. Filicula maritima ex infulis Caribais, feu adianthum mariti-
mum. fcgmentis longioribus, anguftis, auriculatis cy crenatis, pediculo atro nitente Pluk.

Almag. p.52. Phyt. Tab. 286. Fig.t. Filix feu lonchitis afpera Famaicenfis, no-

frrati fimilis, folits tamen longioribus, a latere tantum [upertori auriculatis, are

eutis per ambitum, ce creberrimis denticellis [pinofum. Ejufdem Alm, p.15x. Lon*

chitis pinnulis anguftioribus leviter denticulatis [uperiore latere anriculatis
D. Sloane. Bob. hift. Ox. part. 3. p. 566. quoad defer. Lonchitis Famaicenfis gla-
bra pinnulis alternis profundius dentatis, {uperiore latere auriculatis. Ejufd. ibid.
An filix feu lonchitis afpera Famaicenfis pinnula lata brevi angnlofa, Plukenet:
Alm.p. 1522 An lonchitis auriculata @ ferrata. Plum. fig.r9 ? .

This has a great many long Filaments and Fibers for its Roots, of a dark
brown colour, having towards the top, where the Root is round and folid,
ferrugineous Hairs. From the Roots rife the Leaves, which are from about
fix Inches Inches to a Foot and an half in length, having a green Stalk or
middle Rib, to which are fet alternatively green Pinze, as thick as they can
ftand by one another from the very Root, each of which is much larger than
of the ordinary Trichomanes, and of an irregular Figure like to a 7rapezium
having very finall prickles at their corners, and a {carce difcernible, middle
Rib, on each fide of which is a row of Seeds in fimall ferrugineous Points
or Spots. This Plant, fometimes has Incifures appear very plain on its
edges, keeping the fame Figure and Magnitude in is Pinaule. At other
times the Pizanle are very long, taper to the end, and have round Incifures,
as appears by Zab. 36. where thefe feveral varieties are graved.

It grew out of the Crannies or Fiflures of the drier Rocks on the Road
fide going to fixteen Mile Walk.

XXXII. Zrichomanes majus, nigrum pinnis leviter dentatis Trapexii figura.
Cat.p. 17. Tab. 35. Fig.2. Lonchitis Americana minor, pinmulis alternis obtu-
frovikus, modict dentatis & fuporiore acie pilverulentis. Bob. hiffe Ox. part.3. 9.567.
An Adianthum five filix trichomanoides pumila pinnilis anriculatis, ad petiolum
anguftis, per ambitum miautifime denticulatis. Plukenet. Alm. p.9 ? Phyt. Tab.
251. Fig. 4? vel Filix minor Famaicenfis alis {ubrotundis ad pediculam anguftis
minutifime dentatis, Bob. hift. Ox. part. 3. p.573? 3 |

This rifes, from the fame fort of Root as the ptecedent, to about fix
Inches long, the Foot-Stalk being black and fhining fometimes hairy, and
three Inches long, as is alfo the middle Rib, to which are joind Pinnulie
fet alternatively very clofe together, of the fhape of a Trapezinm, leffer
than the former, of a darker colour, and without prickles. It has fonie
very {mall jags on the edges, which on the uppermoft fide (when it has at-
tained its due Magnitude) turns into a ferrugineous Welt, being the Seed,
and then it does not appear ferrated. .

It grew out ofthe Rocks onthe Banks of Rio d’ Oro, and other the rocky,

inland, woody parts of the Ifland.

XXXIV. Zrichomanes majus nigrum, pinnis Trapexii figura latiffimis tenutbut.
Cat. p.17. Adianthum Famaicen{e, Lonchitidis amplioribus foliis non ramofum pe-
diculo atro nitente. Plukenct. Alm. p.11. Phyt. Tab.r52- Fig. 5.

This had a long creeping Root exactly like that of Polypodinm, which has
many Fibrils for drawing its Nourifiment. From thence rofe up feveral black
fhining polifh’d Stalks about a Foot high, to which, towards the top, were
faftned three or four pait of Pinnule or Leaves, which were very large, and
of the Figure of a Zrapezinm, and withal very tender and thin, of a light
green colour, like to the Adiantum foliis Coriandri. CB. ‘They meafured

EWO

— |

aa

$2

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

two Inches the longeft way, were ferrated when young, but when old

have a rufty coloured Welt round the edyes, and are finuated, fo that ir
would in differing Agesimpofe on people, making them believe it were a
differing Plant.

It was brought from Famaica by Sit Arthur Rawdon's Gardener, and com-
municated from him to me by Dr. Sherard.

XXXV. Trichomanes foliolis longioribus eleganter [uperna prafertim parte la
ciniatis. Cat.p.17. Tab. 36. Fig. 3. An trichomanes major foliis longis auriculatis-
Baniff. Cat. Raii. hift. p.1928 2 Adianthum feutrichomanes Berraudenfe maximum
ferratis foliis anriculatum, Plukenet: Almageft. p.9 ? Phyt. Tab. 25. Fig. 12

The Root of this has many capillary brown Fibers, from whence rife a
great many Stalks, black, fhining, and {mall, about fix Inches high, being
very thick fet, even almoft from the Ground, at about an eighth part of an
Inches diftance, with Pinze, {ometimes oppofite, fometimes alternatively, not
half an Inch long, nor an eighth part broad, very much cut in onthe edges,
efpecially the upper fide, having on the backfide of the Leaf, fome large
ferrugincous Spots, in which are the Seeds.

It grew out of the Fiflures of the Rocks, of each fide on the Rio d’ Oro, near
Mr. PAilpor’s Plantation in fixteen Mile Walk.

XXXVI. Zrichomanes, foliolis dentatis, fuperiore vatcre auricu\atis. Cat. p. 17.
Adianthum feu filix trichomanoides Famaicenfts pinnulis anviculatis ad bafin ftricti-
oribus cy varius dentatis major. Pluken. Alm. p.9. Phyt. Tab. 253. Fig. 5. Cha-
mefilix Famaicenfis trichomanoides alis oblongis ad bafin ftrictioribus G anritis.
Bob. hift. Ox. part.3. p. 573. Adianthum Americanum alis amplioribus ex angufto
principio {cfe dilatantibus G dentatis. Ejufd. ibid. p. 591. An Adiantum Ber-
mudenfe minus pinnulis obtufis ¢ dentatis, lonchitidis in modum aunricniatis.
Ejufd. itid. vel Adianthum five Trichemanes Bermudenfe maxmum ferratis
foliis auriculatum. Pluken. Almaz. p. 92 Phyt. Tab. 125. Fig. 1? Triche-

&
mancs Americanum latifolium dentatum. Tournefort. El. Bot. p. 431. Inft.

. 540.

j This has a great many reddifh brown hairy Fibrills, or Filaments for Roots,
fending up Leaves an Inch or Inch and half long, being altogether green :
there are four or five, or twice that number of pairs of roundifh, green, quar-
ter of an Inch Diameter’d Pizze, fometimes fet oppofite, fometimes alterna-
tively tothe green middle Rib. Sometimes they are indented, or cut in on the
edges, with Auricles or {mall Appendices upwards, at other times not indented,
having one odd one at the end larger than the reft. On the backfides of
thefe Pizuule are wormy, long, ferrugineous Spots.

The differing Figures of this Plant in feveral States or Ages have given
occafion for fome miflakes about! it, it having feveral Faces in {eyeral Sea-
fons.

Ic grows out of the Fiffures of the moifter Rocks near the Banks of
Rio d Oro, towards the North fide of this Ifland, as weil as in Barbadoes
and Bermudas.

XXXVI. Filix maxima in pinnas tantam divifa oblongas latafque non crenatas.
Cat.p.17, Tab. 37.

This rifes to about four Foot high, having a light reddifh brown coloured
Stalk, which near the Root has fome ferrugineous Mofs or Hairs, and at a-

bout a Foor and a half high, begins to have Pine. They go out alterna-

tively at abour three quarters of an Inches diftance out of oppofite fides
of the middie Rib, which has an odd Pinvza or Lobe at the end, clofing

the Stalk. bach of the Pinne is about fix inches long, and one and an ia
broa

8 3

the Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

broad in the middle where broadeft, from a very fhort, or almoft no Foot-
Stalk inereafing to the middle, and thence decreafing to a point, being
equal on the Margin, very fmooth, having one middle Rib eminent on the
under fide, from whence go tranfverfe Ribs to the fides of the Leaf, of
a pale green colour in feveral things refembling the Leaves of Harts.
Tongue.
Ae grew on the fides of Mount Déablo, in going to the North fide of this
Tf{land.

The whole Face of this Plant differs from the Lonchitis paluftris maxima
before defcribed, fo that there is no manner of Reafon to think them the
fame, as Dr. Plukenct does in his Mantiff p. 81.

XXXVIIL. Filix major ia pinnas tantum divifa oblongas latalque non crenatas
a baft rotundiore ad apicem fe fenfim ancuftantes. Cat. p. 17. Filix Famaicenfis
paftinace aquatice foliis alternis craffufcule dentatis pediculo {plendente nigro.
Plukenct. Alm. p.152. Phyt. Tab. 285. Fig.2. Filix Americana maxima non
ramofa, lobis integris acutioribus, ¢ ad margines rotundius crenatis, maculis rotun-
dis pulverulentis afperfis.: Bob. hift. Ox. part. 3. p.57%. An Lingnacervina rae
mola, nigris tuberculis palverulenta. Plum. Tournef. Inft.p. 546?

The Stalk of this Fern was about two Foot and a half high, it was cor-
nered and only branched into Pine, which agreed in moft things with the
precedent; only at roundifh Bafe, where by a {mall Foot-Stalk they were fet
on to the middle Rib, they were broadeft, viz. about three quarters of an
Inch, and then decreafed, endingin a point, being about three Inches long,
they were not fo regularly ftriated by parallel Lines as the former.

{t was brought from Famaica by Fames Harlow, Sir Arthur Rawdon’s Gar-

dener, and by Dr. Sherard givento me.

This is not the Adjanthum Famaicenfe lonchitidis amplioribus foliis non ramo-

fum, ec. Pluken. Phyt. Tab. 252. Fig. 5. which 1 believe is what I call p, 81.
Trichomanes majus nigrum pinnis trapezii figura, latiffimis tenwibus.

XXXIX. Filix major fcandens in pinnas tantum divifa oblongas lata{que non
crenatas. Cat.p.17. Tab. 38. Filix Famaicenfis pinnatis fraxini foliis tenuiffime
crenatis apicibus mucronatis. Plukenct. Almag. p. 153. Phyt. Tab. 286. Fiz. 3
Filix fcandens Famaicenfis, pinnatis fraxini foliis Bob. hift.Oxon. part. p.57.
Lingua cervina f[candens, foliis laurinis ferratis Plum. Tournef. Inft.p.545. An
Filix Famaicenfs pinnatis fraxini foliis tenuiffime crenatis foliorum apicious obtu-
fis@ fubrotundis. Plukenet. Phyt. Tab.r862 Fig. 4. An Filix Famaicenfts alato
pediculo fraxinella foliis crenatis radice radic e repente. Eju(d. Almag. p.15 4)
Zab.287. Fig.3 ?

This had a crooked Stalk of a dark brown colour, cornered, fometimes
{mooth, atother times covered with a ferrugineous hairy Mofs, as big as ones
little Finger, fending out of each fide many feveral Inch long hairy caprzols,
ticking to the Barks of Trees, and rifing by themto twenty or thirty Foot
high, being greenifh, made up of many white Filaments within. Thefe Stalks
or Roots fend out Leaves at about two Inches diftance a Foot and a half
long, whofe Piane are {et on to the middle Rib, alternatively at about half
an Inches diftance, being about three Inches long, and three quarters of an
Inch broad, in the middle where broadeft, being narrow at beginning, and
end, having one middle, and feveral tran{verfe Ribs, thin, fmooth, and of
a pale green colour, like the Leaves of Harts-Tongue.

There is a variety of this, whereof the Leaves are very fuperficially in-
dented, and fimaller; and likewife another which is rounder at.end, being
I {uppofe fromthe Age of the Plant.

The

34

The Natural Hifory of | Jamaica.

en

— The Juice mix’d with the Oil of Sergelim, (or Sefamum) Ginger, and
long Pepper, and anointed on the Head, Cures the Cholerick Headach.
Fi. i.

It grew on the Trees, on the South fide of Mount Diallo, and other
the Truncs of large Trees, in the mountainous, woody, inland parts of
this Ifland.

XL. Filix major (candens in pinnas tantum divifa, oblongas latiffimas non cre
natas. Cat.p.18. Tab. 39.

This had a Stalk with Fibrils, as other the fcandent Ferns, by which jr
climbed the Trees as they, being like them in every thing. From this rofe
a pale green cornered middle Rih, like thar of other Ferns, to about a Foot
and a half high, towards the top of which were two or three pair of Pinne,
with an odd one at the end, they were much broader than the precedent,
being about five Inches long, and half as broad, having one middle Rib,
and feveral lateral Fibers, being broadeft in the middle, and decreafing both
ways, ending in a point, and intire without any indentures. Sometimes the
number of Pinne was only two, aiid fometimes three.

It was brought from Famaica by Sit Arthur Rawdon’s Gardener, and com-
municated to me by Dr. Sherard.

Any Perfon who compares the Defcription of this Plant, and its Figure
with Dr.Plukenet’s Filicifolia lonchitidis facie Famaicenfis, exc. Alm. p. 152.
Phyt.Tab.286. Fig. 2. will not doubre with him, Mantis. p.79. whether it be
the fame.

XLI. Filix major in pinnastantum divifa, oblongas, anguftafque, non crenatas.
Cat. p. 18. Tab. 40. Filix non ramo{a alis longis falicinis alternis non crenatis,
Bob. hift. Ox. part. 3. p. 572. | |

This had fometimes a blackifh, and at other times a light brown coloured
Stalk, or middle Rib, rifing to two Foot high, at about 9 Inches from the
Ground, be fer with Pizne, which were fometimes oppofite one to another,
and fometimes fet alternatively at about three quarters of an Inches di-
ftance. They were about four Inches long, and not over half an Inch broad
in the middle where broadeft, equal on the edges, beginning narrow, and
ending in a long narrow point, being of a dark green colour above, and
underneath having an eminent middle Rib, and {ome tran{verfe ones, wholly
covered over with a ferrugineous Mofs, in which is the Seed.

There is another variety of this, differing only in magnitude, being not

over half fo big, in every thing elfe the fame.

They grow very plentifully on the Banks of the Rio @ Oro, near Archers
Ridge, between fixteen Mile Walk, and St. Mary's in the North-fide.

This is not the Filix non ramofa Famaicenfts pinnatis foliis integris, crc. of
Dr. Plukenct’s Almageft. p. 154. figured by him Tab. 285. Fig. 1. Phyt. as he
‘doubts in his Mantiff. p.81. This may appear by this Defcription, and their
Figures compared. What he means by faying | had rectus have made it
this, when he is of another Opinion the Line before, is to me a Riddle.

XLII. Filix minor plerumque trifida, pinnis obloncis lati{que non crenatis. Cat.
p.18. Tab. 41. Fig.2. Filix famaicenfis amplifimo folio phyllitidis facie tri-
phylla. Plukenet. Almag. p. 154.

This has a folid roundifh Root, covered over with a hairy ferrugincous -
Mofs, and many long Filaments of a dark brown colour, drawing its Nou-
rifhment as other the {maller Ferns. The Stalk is of a light brown colour,
firiated, about nine Inches high, at the top divided for the moft part into

three Leaves or Pinne, that one in the middle or top of the Stalk being
: largelt,

The Natural Hifiory of Jamaica. 85

largeft, about four Inches long, and one and an half broad in the middle
where broadeft, being narrow at beginning and end, {mooth, having one
middle, and fome tranfverfe Ribs of a dark green colour, fomething like
Harts- Tongue.

It grew inthe fhady thick Woods on the South fideof Mount Diablo,

How Dr. Plukenet comes to be angry with me for calling this minor
Mantiff. p.81. or how he comes to call it folio ampliffimo in his Almageft he
beft knows. iia

XLII. Hemionitidi afinis Filix major Triftda auriculata pinnis latifimis ff-
nuatis. Cat. p.18. Tab.42. Flix few hemionitis ditta Caribeorum ampliffimis fe-
liis trifoliata. Plukenet. Almag. p.155. Phyt.Tab.r91. Fig. 3.

This has a Root four Inches long, made up of many round black Scales,
lying onone another, witha great many black Fibers and Filaments, draw-
ing its Nourifhment. The Stalk rifes two Foot high, at coming out of the
Earth it is covered with a ferrugineous Mofs,} is fmooth, of a light red-
difh brown colour, and divided towards the top into three broad Leaves
or Pinne, two being fet oppofite oncto another, and one being at top, which
is the largeft, being ten Inches long, and four broad, near the Bafe, where
broadeft, varioufly finuated, or cut in on the edges, making {mall irregular
Segments on the Margin, of a yellowith green colour, and thin, having one
middle Rib, and feveral tranfverfe ones, along which are rows of ferrugi-
neous Spots, where ties the Seed. The undermoft pair of Pinge have Ears,
or Appendicule, taking their beginning from the Bafe of cach Pinne, and
being like it in every thing, only fmaller.

It grew on a woody ihady Hill, near the Banks of the Rio Cobre, by the
Orange Walk in the Crefcent Plantation. If this be what Pifo means, he fays
tis very opening, purging of Choler, cutting and aperitive above the Euros
pean Polypodinm. }

XLUL. Filix major in pinnas tantum divifa, raras, latiores, oblongas, frriatas,
"ex adverfo fitas, & non crenatas. Cat.p. 18. Tab. 41. Fig. i.

This, from a black knobbed tuberous Root, rofe to about two Foot
high, by a cornered light brown Stalk, which when about nine Inches high,
had Pinna {et on it, always oppofite to one another, at about an Inches di-
(tance. Each of them were four Inches long, and more than an Inch broad
in the middle where broadeft, being narrow at beginning and end, having one
middle, and feveral tranfverfe parallel appearing Ribs, or Strie, of a dark
brown colour, equal at the edges or Margin, of a frefh green colour, and
{mooth.

It grew on the fides of Mount Diablo, inthe middle of the Ifland.

Thisis not the Adianthum Famaicenfe lonchitidis falcatis folus, crc. Plurenet.
Alm, p. it. Phyt. Tab. 253- Fig. 1. This of Dr. Plukenet 1 conjeCture to be
the Adianthum nigrum majus non ramofum, pinnulis c furculis rarioribus craffs

ey trapezit in modum figuratis defcribed by me hereafter, which F. Plumier has
figured: Zab. 47. under the Title of Adianthum nigrum ramo{um pulverulentum

c& falcatum.

XLIV. Filix major in pinnas tantum divifa, raras, oblongas lata{que crenatas.
Cat.p.18.. Filix Famaicenfts folits femel fubdivifis, pinnulis obtuftoribus cofte ad
nafcentibus forbi aucupsria foliis quodammodo referentibus. Plukenet. Alm. p.155.
Phytogr. Tab. 291. Fig. 1. Filix Americana major non ramofa, alis integrss
amplis profundius crenatis, ad quemlibet nervum obliquum binis macularum ordinibus
notatis Bob. hift. Ox. part.3. p- 571. Filix Famaicenps hirfuta forbi aucuparia fo-
lia quodammodo referens. Ejufd. ibid. p.576. bi minor five Chameafilix Famai-

cenfis

SO

Ihe Natural Hiffory of Yamaica.

cenfis in pinnastantum divifa ala longiore coftam claudente. Ejufdem, ibid. p. 577.
Lingua cervina non ramofa rotundius crenata. Tournef. Inft. P. 545.

This Fern rifes to about three Foot high, having a fhining light brown,
or gray coloured Stalk, almoft {quare, to each fide of which, at about ninc
Inches from the ground,and an Inches diftance from one another are placed al-
ternatively,the Pinne.They are about five Inches long,and about an Inch broad
in the middle where broadeft, very regularly cut in ont he margins, fo that they
appear like Pizzule join'd at the edges. The colour of the Pinve is on the
upper fide dark green, on the under fide are many eminent middle tran{verfe
Ribs, along which, on each fide are rows of ferrugineous Spots, containing
the Seed. The Root is black and large, with many large black Strings or
Ligule going from it into the Earth.

It grew on the Banks of Rio @’ Oro, near fixteen Mile Walk.

A young Plant of this is defcribed by Mr. Bobart. p- 577. One a little

larger, p. 576.

XLV. Filix minor in pinnas tantum divi[a, crekras, plerwmque ex adverfo fitas,
oblongas, latafque, crenatas. Cat. p.18. Tab.43. Fig. 1.

This is in every thing the fame with the former, only not over half {
high, the Pine are more frequent, fet for the moft part oppofite to one ano-
ther, though fometimes alternatively, and are five Inches Jong, not being
over three quarters of an Inch broad ar Bafe where broadeft, and whence
they decreafe to the point, being regularly cut in on the edges, and having
on their backfide a row of ferrugincous {pots on each fide of the eminent
middle Rib. taht

It grows on Mount Diablo, near Archers Ridge, and other inland woody
parts of this Ifland.

XLVI. Filix minor in pinnas tantum divifa, raras, oblongas, latafque crena-
tas. Cat.p 18. Tab.43. Fig. 2.

This 1s in every thing the fame with the former, only, although as high,
yet ‘tis inevery thing lefler, the Pinne a little more frequent, fhorter and
narrower by much, than that immediately preceding, being not over half
an Inch broad at Bafe where broadeft, ending in a point. And in this,
which feems to be quite different from the former, there are fome va-

rietics,
It grew with the former.

XLVIN. Filix minor, in pinnas tantum divifa, crebras, nom crenatas, inferiore
latere auriculatas cy rotundis pulverulentis arcolis averfa parte notatas. Cat. p. 18.
Tab. 44. Fig. 1. Lonchitis minor, alis crebris non crenatis, inferiore latere au-
riculatis. Bob. Mor. hift. Ox. part. 3. p. 567. |

This Fern rifes about a Foot and a half high, its Stalk at coming out of
the Ground, being covered with a hairy ferrugincous Mofs, having Pinne
fet on to the middle Rib, at about four Inches from the Ground, and one
third of an Inch from one another. For the moft part they come alterna-
tively out of each fide of the middle Rib, being near three Inches long,
and not over half an Inch broad at their auriculated Bafe where broadett,
and whence they decreafe to the point. They are fmooth, of a dark green
colour, having on their under fide an eminent middle Rib, on each fide of
which are ferrugineous round f{pots, containing the Seeds. :

There is a variety of this, having the Pinme broader, and coming out op-
pofite to one another.

It grew onthe fides of Mount Diailo very plentifully.

XLVI. Filix

ee

The Natural Hisflory of Jamaica.

oF

XLVIIL. Filix minor, in pinnas tantum divifa, crebras, non crenatas, auriculz
tas, & lineis pulverulentis aver{a parte notatas. Cat, p. 18. Tab.44. Fig. 2.

This in magnitude, manner of growth, cc. feemed to be exactly the fame
with the former, only the Pizve in lieu of one Auricle on the under fide, had
two {mall ones, one onits under, and another on its upper fide, and in lieu
of {pots on its backfide, containing the Seed, there are two Lines running
by the fide of the middle Rib, containing the fame.

It grew with the former.

No body can doubt whether this be the fame with Dr.Plakenet’s Filicifolia
lonchitidis facie Famaicenfts, Crc. Alm.p.152. Phyt. Tab.286. Fig. 2. when this
defcribed here has very long Pinaule, and Lines on its Back, and the other
has {pots, ¢c. as appears by comparing their Defcriptions and Figures.

XLIX. Filix minor, ruffa lanugine tota obducta, inpinnas tantum divifa, raras,
non crenatas, {ubrotundas, Cat. p.19. Tab.45. Fig.t. An Filicula crifpa lanu-
gine hepatici coloris veftita, Plukenct. Alm. p. 150? Aa Filix hirfata & lutef-
ceate pulvifculo fordefcens. Tournef. Inft- p. 537?

This was about a Foot and a half high, its Stalk was round, and all co-
vered with a ferrugineous coloured Hair, the Pizve were placed about an
Inches diftance, each being faftned to the middle Rib, bya very {mall Foot-
Stalk. Each of the Pisne were about an Inch long, half as broad at round
Bafe where broadeft, and whence they decreafed to the end, which was
round, they were all covered over with a rufty woolly Hair, fufficiently di-
{tinguifhing them from any others of this Kind. The Pinne were likewife
all covered over with Seed on the back of the Leaf.

Sir Arthur Rardon’s Gatdener brought it from Famaica, and Dr. Sherard
communicated it to me.

When Dr Plukenct pleafesto figure and defcribe the abovemention'd Fili-

cula we fhall find if ic be the fame.

L. Filix minor, in pinnas tantum divifa, ex adverfo fitas, oblongas, latafque
non crenatas, inftmis ad bafin auriculatis, Cat p.19. Filix few polypodium Fa-
maicenfe, hydrophylli Morini fere divifuris, fummo folio raris denticulis profun
dius crenato. Flukenct. Alm. p. 153. Phyt- Tabi 289, Fig-3. An filix few po-
lypodium Famaicenfe latifolinm pinms infimis auritis. Ejufd. Alm. p. 153 ?

This has a roundifh {mall Root, with many round Thongs and Filaments, _

drawing its Nourifhment. From this rife Leaves about a Foor high, having
a cornered ferrugincous Stalk, to which about fix Inches from the Ground,
are fet oppofite to one another, the Pinne, being about four pair, with an
odd one at end. They are about three Inches long, and more than one broad
in the middle where broadeft, from whence they decreaic, ending ina point,
being of a rufty green colour, having a middle Rib, and fome tranf{verfe
ones. ‘The undermoft pair of Piane have an Ear or <ppendicula at Bale,
fhap'd in every thing like the Pénne, only not fo large, and more blunt.
The uppermoft Leaf or Pinna, is fomewhat finuated or indented.

I found it in the mountainous and woody inland parts of chis Ifland.

This is not the Filix parva Virginiana, pinnulis productioribus, rc. Plukenet.
Phyt. Tab.287. Fie.r. Almageft, po 152. as he feems to conjecture, in his
Mantiff p.79. but chat abovementioned of his Alm. p. 153. Phyt. Tab. 289.

Fig. 3
LI. Phyl-

88

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

LI. Phyllitis ramofa trifida. Cat. p. 19. Tab. 45. Fig. 2. Filix Famaicensss
non ramofatrifoliata anguftifolia caule Levi. Bob. hift. Oxon. part. 3. p. 572. :

This, from a blackith tuberous Root, with many Ligsle, fends up five or
fix Stalks about a Foot high, having a reddifh cornered fhining middle Rib, to
which at about two Inches or le{s interval, are {et oppofite to one another,
(after the manner of the phy/litis multifida) Pinnule or Leaves. Three Pinnulz
for the moft part fland on the fame very fhort common reddifh Foot-Stalk
that Pinnula in the middle being the longeft, v=. an Inch and an half long,
and not over a quarter of an Inch broad in the middle where broade't
{mooth, of a yellowith green colour, with reddifh Ribs, and of the con. °
fiftence of the Leaves of of Phyllitis, or Hemionitis Multifida, and being
covered all over on their Backs with ferruginecous Powder, fuppofed to be
the Seed.

This in every thing comes very near the Lingua cervina foliis cofte inna|-
centibus. Tournefort. El. Bot. p. 431. Tab. 324. or Hlemionitis altera. Dal.
Lugd.1218.

{ gathered it in the woody inland parts of this Ifland.

By the Figure and Defcription of this, compared with the Filicifolia phyllitis
ditta, few lingua cervina mincr crifpa, folio multifido ramofa Plukenet. Alm. p. 1 54.
Phyt. Tab 248. Fig.2. one would wonder how this Author fhould affirm
thefe Plants to be the fame, as he does in his Maunti([a, p. 81.

Lil. Phyllitidi multifide afinis filix [candens, in pinnas tantum divifa, oblon-
gas, anguftas non crenatas. Cat. p.19. Tab. .46. Fig. 1. An Filix Scandens
periploce foliis Famaicenfts. Plukenet. Alm, p. 156 ?

This has a round Root the top of which is covered with a blackifh
Hair, having many ftrong Filaments: drawing its Nourifhment. From hence
rifes a round, {mooth, {mall, fliining, reddifh brown Stalk, turning its {elf
round any Tree it comes near, rifing to twelve or fifteen Foot high, at
every three or four Inches diftance, putting forth Leaves, ftanding for the moft
part oppofite one to another, on fometimes an Inch, or two Inches long round
Stalks, divided ufually into four Pizne or Leaves which are three Inches long,
and about an Inch broad at the Bafe where broadeft, whence they decteafe
to the end, being yery green, and in confiftence, {mell, gc. like the Leaves
of Phyllitss.

It grew plentifully on Mount Diablo, Archers Ridge in Mountain River
Plantations, and in feveral other the mountainous, and inland woody parts
of this Jfland.

LIL. Phyllitidi multifide afinis, flix fcandens in pinnas tantum divifa, ol-
longas, anguftas laciniatas. Cat. p. 19. Lonchitis fcandens, Brafiliana pinnulis
eleganter laciniatis Tournefort. El. Lot. p.430. Inft. p. 539.
This, as to manner of growth, ¢>c. is the fame with the former, but
differs in this, that the Pinze are broader, fhorter, and much more lacini-
ated, or cut into the edges, fo that fome of the Leaves are almoit pal-
mated, efpecially the under ones, thofe towards the top of the Stalks being
like the former, only Laciniated on the edges, where on the Sections on
the backfide of the Leaf is a ferrugineous Mofs covering the Segments,
which is the Seed. And of this fort again there are infinite varieties of the
Leaves.
»__ This grew about the Truncs of Trees in a Wood near Captain Acywood’s
Houfe, in St. Maries, in the North fide of the Mfland of Famaica.

- Ithink the Title I give this very plain, zvéz. that this Fern comes near to
the Phyllitis Mulifida, a Plant very well known in Enrope.
LIV. Filix

The Natural Eifiory of Jamaica.

89

LIV. Filix non vamofa maxima, furculis raris, pinnis variis, inferioribus (cil,
oblongis acutis, {uperioribus vero afplenii fabrotuadis. Cat. p.19. Tab.47. Filix.
farmentofa, foliis varits, imis longiorikus denticulatis, fuperioribus rotundis planis
ex infula Famaica. Pluken, Alm. p.156. An Filix ad alas foliofa Tourncf. Inff.

©5378 ' ore

: This great Fern rifes to four Foot high, by, a reddifh brown Stalk, as big
as ones, Finger, having Twigs plac‘d alternatively, at two or three Inches di-
{tance:;.about a Foot and a half long. They are befet on. cach fide with
Pinaa alternatively at- more or lefs.diftance, each of which.is about four
Inches|Jong; and not an Inch. broad near, its beginning, where , broadefk,
and. whence it decreafes, ending in,a point, being a little indented on the
edges in. the broadeft part, and every where of a Grafs-green colour, and.
having its Seeds lying in a. ferrugineous Line or Welt along its edges; the
tops of the lower’ Twigs, and the whole ones at cop are broad and finuated,
or waved after the manner of Afplenium.

It grows about Mount Déablo in feveral Places.

What Dr. Plukenct..means by Sarmentofa inhis. Title, I. cannot gues,

LV. Filix non ramof{a major, furcalis raris; pinanlis cretris, latis, minimis,
brevibus, aculeatis, Cat. f.19. tab. 48. An Filix-non ramofa-Famaicenfs pinnatis
foliis integris ferratis.ad bafin apophyfi parva donatis [uitus duplici ordine puntho-
rum forrugincorum agminatim infignitis.. Plukenct. Alm. p. 15.4. Phyt. Tab, 285.
Fig. 12 Filix'non ramo{a Famaicenfis elatior, alis crebris longifimis anguflifimis
dentatis..-Bob. Mor. hifts OX. PartereVPe FS 03 sone ing k adonoyl egy

This Fern rifes above two Foot high, the Foot-Stalk at coming out of-the,
Ground being {welled and covered with a ferrugineous MofS, the reft being of
a greenifh.colour.. It isabout a Foot.high before any Fwigs arefet omit, which
go out alternatively at half an Inches diftance, being more.than fix. Inches
long,;and, not over;a quarter, ofan Inch broad, -each of , the. Rizzule: being
not over the eighth part of an. Inch, long,.,.and half. as. broad,..fharp-at. the
ends, and as thick; fer.on to the, Twig or middle Rib, .as, they can {land by
one’ another,; leaving, no defect or.cmpty {pace. between them, and. being
of a yellowifh green colour. ... |. ‘9 giTacsi en eecepaee een a

It grew by the Banks of Rio Cobre, in: the Road.going from Town to
fixteen Mile Walk. ioe

LVI. Filix non ramofa major,furculis raris, pinnulis longis, anguftis, variffimis.
Cat.p..tg.. Tab. 49. Fig.1.

This rifes to three Foot high, having Twigs going out.of.each fide of the
St ilk alternatively at about more than an Inches diftance from one another,
though fometimes ‘tis not fo much. Every Twig is about three Inches long,
and three quarters of an Inch broad. at Bafe. where broadett, .the. Pinzule are
about one third of an Inch long, and very narrow, having a large defect
between them, making.them.appear very rare or, thin fer: ,.On the. backfide
of the Leaf they are moftly, all covered over. With: ferrugincous: Spots. of
Seed... Of this arefame varieties te cain tk 33F sik Sancfith esdonl ae do bode

It. grew on the Banks of Rio 2’ Oro, between. fixteen Mile Walk and
St. Maries. ‘Z . : fie Se Ip anisd bone

Dr. Plukenet doubts. if this be his Filix Famaicenfis Facee majoris Gerard. aut
potius.centaurii maj. lutei.Parkinfon. enmla, falcatis foliis integris. G margin, #-
qualt, Almag. p.154,..By the Defcription and Figure of this.it feems impo
{ible tobe tia cet asdaone one, 276 oif sleesi™ arta fy |

. ; :
bw

o> fad 3 ge ’

Sab vlansioidl cf 4 den LVIL. Filix

=

90 The Natural Hiftory of Yamiaica.

LVI. Filix non ramofa major, {urculis crebris, pinanlis loneis, anguftis. Cat.
p19. Tab. 50. Fig.t. & Tab.51. An filix paluftris mas non ramofa pirnnulis obtn-
fioritus planis ex infula Bermudenftl. Plukenet. Phytogr. Tab. 243. Fig. 6?
Almag. p. 15% ? P alw
This rifes to about two Foot high, having a greenifh yellow middle Rib,
or Stalk, to which at one third of an Inches diftance are fet the Twigs, fome-
times oppofite, at other times alternatively, being each about feven Inches
long, and an Inch broad at the Bafe where broadeft. The Pinzule are each
half an Inch long, join’d to one another at their middle Rib, or original, and
thence grow narrower to their ends, they are fharp, being of a yellowifh
green colour, and there is a defect between the ends of each of the Pinzule.
Of this there are feveral varieties, thofe moft remarkable being in the narrow-
ne{sand breadth, fharpnefS or bluntnefs, and crookednefs or ftreightnefs of
the Pixnule, two of which varieties are figured Zab. 50. Fig.1. & Tab. 51.

It grew by the inland woody and fhady Rivers of this Ifland.

LVIN. Filix non ramofa major, furculis raris brevioribus, pinnalis crebris latis

brevibus non aculeatis, Cat. p.ro. Tab. 48. Fig.2. Filix Indica major alis lone

gis rotundius crenatis binis macularum ordinibus ad oras notatis. Arana-panna.
Hi. M. p. 12. Tab. 31. Bod. p.3. hift. Ox. p. 575. quoad. defer.

This was the fame with the preceding, only the /urculi were not fo long,
and the Vinaule were not aculeated, but blunt and roundifh, almoft like thote
of Afplenium. ,

It was brought from Famaica to Dr. Sherard, and by ‘him communicated
to me. ae ee Spee a eee Saag ae high aie dei

f gia. ! { DOR m

LIX. Filix non vamofa major, furculis crebris, pinnslis brevioribus, angnftis.

Cop BS. Fabs SOO ARG SOR St conor at 1418 Y

~~. "Thisis in every ching he fame with theformer, fave one, only the Twigs
are not fo broad, being not over two thirds of an Inch broad, that is, the
Pinwale are not over one third of an Inch long, and not quite fo narrow at
bottom, fo that there is le{S void fpacebetween them, and of this Kind there
are feveral varictics as to length of furculi, ec. The Seed lies in round fer-
tigineous Spots on each’ fide of the middle Rib running through each
Pinuula. ERE +

! found it on the rocky Banks of Orange River, and Rio d Oro, between
fixteen Mile Walk and St. Maries. ‘ .

This is not the Filix non ramofa Famaicenfts, pediculo albicante, alis marrubit
aquatici fere divifuris, &c. Pluken. as appears by its Figure'and Defcription
compared with thofe of his, Phyt. Tab.2go. Fig 2.” sie

LX. Filix non vamo{a minor, furculis crebris, pinnulis longis, 1arifqae.Cat.p.20
Tab.50. Fiz. 3. hd VIOY BAB ge . 3
This has a light brown greeniffi_fhining Stalk, rifing’ to about nine Inches
high, or fometimes-a Foot and a half, to cach fide of which, at about one
third of an Inches diftance are fet Twigs about an Inch and an half long, and
néar an Inch broad ‘at Bafe*where broadeft, the Pivmule being joined to near
their ends, and being of a dark green colour, much refembling the prece-
dent, only the f#rculi are broader, ot which is all one, the Pixvule longer.
The Piznule are alfo ‘broader; {o that whereas in that going before there is a
defeé&t or empty fpace between the ends of the P fonule, here it is none or
very fmall, and the Pinnule lie over one another. The Root is: knobbed,
and has many Fibrils of a cinereous colour, fending up three or four Stalks
from it, by which it is fufficiently diftinguifhed from the Filix minor paluftres.

Raiz,

QI

The Natural Hiffory of Jataaica.

Raii. hift, p. 146. to which it comes very near. The Seed lies in round {pots
on the backfides of the Leaves. rit ey9gQ bg wed
It grew in the inland woody parts of this Ifland, about Rie ad Oro and

Orange River Banks plentifully.

LX. Filix non ramofa minor, furculis crebris, pinnulis breviffimis, anguftis.
Cat. p.r0. Tab. 52. Fig, 1. Filix now yamofa Americana major, alis oppofttis
longis anguftis profunde dentatzs, Bob. hift. Ox. part. 3. Pe575- o>

This isin every thing the {ame with the preceding, not being much over
a Foot high, the Twigs three Inches long, and half an Jnch broad. The
Pinnule are a quarter of an Inch long, and join’d together almoft to.the end,
being mark’d onthe back with ferrugincous Spots, and are on the upper fide
of a ycllowifh green colour. | |

It grew on the Banks of Rio Cobre below the Town of St. Fago de la Vega,
onthe fame fide of the River.

LXIL: Filix non ramos minima, furcylis crebris, pinnulis breviffimis, anguftis.
Cat.p.20. Tab. §2. Fig. 2» .. deh

This has a gteat many black Filaments coming from a dark brown,
roundith, {mall, folid Root, from whence rifes a Stalk about fixInches high,
having Twigs and Pianule fet juft. like the foregoing, only. inevery part much
fmaller, efpecially: the. Pinnule, which are join'd {0/ far together, that the
ferculus {eems rather Indented than to have Vinnyle.

It grew with the former. .

LXIU. Filicula now ramofa minima, furculis crebris, pinaulis anzuftifimis, raris.
Cat. p.r0. Tab. 49. Fig. 2. Filix Famaicenfis non ramofa, ex una radice cefpitis
inflar contexta, pediculis numerofis, foliis auriculatis profunde. fectis, Pinkenet.
Alm. p. 150. Fhyt. Tab. 283. Loachitis tenuifelia parva Famaicenfis, pinnulis
oppofitis profunde dentatis G utrinque auriculatis. Bob. hift.: Ox. ps 5676 2°

This feem’d to be much the fame withthe former, only it was.aot over
fouriorix Incheschizh; the’ Twigs were very fhort, {erto.the Staik alterna-
tively, and on then» the Pinnele, which were not united to one another. by
the Margins, as thofeiof the preceding, but cut in to the very Twig where
there wasany empty void fpace, \ordefea between them, accaljon:d iby. their
being fo narrow, or rarely plac'ds” ‘The Seed comes: ia round Spots tike
that of Adiantum Nigrum oficin. on the back fides of the Pinsle.

It grew in the inland parts of thelfland by the fhady Rivulets.

LXIV. Filix non ramofa {candens, pinnulis latis, longis, crebris, obtufis
dentatis Cat. p.ir0. Para-panna-Maravara. F1. Mal. part. 11. p.3t. Tab. 15.

This has a cornered dark green brownith Stalk, by the means of, feveral
fibrils and clavicles, taking hold ef the Truncsof Trees, and riling by thena
twenty or thirty Foot high, :pusting .out,.at. about nine Inches diftance,
Leaves about a Foot and an half long. It has a fhining dirty green coloured
Stalk, which from its middie upwards, at about: an Inches ditiaace alrerna-
tively, is befet with Twigs about four Inches long, -and: an.Jinch and an half
broad, each of which has many Pisaule about three) quarters tot an Inch
long, and not half {o broad, indented about the edges, and of ‘a. lively
fhining ‘dark green colour. } Siw Suh le sonality eo

Thisis detcribed: by Mr. Bobart in the hift. Ox. part. }.p.578, underthe
Title of Filix: won vame[a major, farculis raris, breviaribus, pinwulis crebris tates
brevibus non aculeatis: p. 0. of my Catalogue. seri) i TT

Ic grew on the‘Truncs of the largér Trees in going up the fidesiof Mount
Diablo, Archers Ridgeere. m bag

It

cece ae te ee

QO2

The Natural Hifory of Jamaica.

It is given again{t Endemial Difeafes, cures intermitting Féavers, tops
Coughs, and opens the Belly. The Juice mix’d with the Blood of a Hen,
cools the heat coming of Gun-Powder, or hor Oil. AL ALS

LXV. Filix nen ramofa minima, vaule nigro, furcalis raris, pianulis ancn-
ftis,raris, Lrevitus, acntis, fultus niveis. Cat. p.r0. Tab. §3. Fig. 1, wt

This was in every thing the tame with the Filix non ramofa minor,* cin}:
nigro furculis raris, pinnulis ancuflis, dentatis,rarts, brevibus, acutes, fubtes vives.
Cat. Fam. p.r0. defcribed above, p. 35. only not over halfits bignefs, fo thar
tis not the fame with that, nor confequently with Dr.Plukenet’s, dditethyn
Calomelanos, &c. which I have in my Catalogue made the fame with ir,

it grew with the former in Famaica.

LXVI. Filix non ramofa major, caule nigro, furculis raris, pinnulis anguftis, ra
+15, longis, dentatis. Cat.p.20. Tab. 30. Fig. 2.

This agrced very exactly with the preceding Fern, only it -vas four times
as large as it, and the Pinne were much longer, and indented on the
edges, fo that it might almoft feem referable to the ramofeKind, the back-
fides of the Leaves or Pinne are not covered over with a white Meal as the
precedent, butare gray or light rufty. This Meal is the Seed. The upper
fides of the Pinne were of a very dark green colour.

It grew on the Rocks upon the Banks of Orange River, and Rio Ore,
neat Mr. PAi/pot’s Plantation in the North fide.

It is eafie to fee this is not the ddianthum JFamasicenfe lonchitidis falcaris fe-
liis, &c. Plukenet. Alm.p.i1. Phyt. tab.25 3- fig. t. as Dr. Plukenet queftions
in his Mantiffa p.6. That is another Plant before defcribeds ATX

LXVII. Rute marari« accedens Filicula nom ramo[a minira; pinnuliy ful rotan
dis profunde {ciffis. Cat. p-28) Tab. 52. Figs3.

This had a {mall folid black Root, covered with a‘ black hairy MofS to-
wards its top, and many dark brown Filaments, whereby it draws its nourifh-
ment, from whence rife nine or ten Leaves about three Inches high. The Stalks
are of a dark green colour, and at an Inches diftance from the Ground, are
divided into feveral Twigs, fet alternatively, thofe in the middle being largeft,
about three quarters of an Inch long, made up of Pinnle fer alternatively,
being very {mall. roundifh, deeply cut in on the edges, of a pale green
colour above, and underneath having very many ferrugineous Spors, da
which lies the Seed. . tidy ,

It grew among the Rocks on the Banks of Rio d’ Oro, between {ixteen
Mile Walk and'st: Maries: © 0 |

LXVIN. Rate murarie accedens Filix minor: won ramofa, pinnulis fubrotundis,
profande fciffis. Cat. p. 21. Filix pinnulis criftatis Plumicr. p. 16. > Figeus. A.
Filix minor Famaicenfis alis obtufis, pinnulis criftatis profund: .[ciffis: Bob: hift.
Ox. part. 3. p. 58t. : |

The top of the Root of this Fern fent up a great number of Leaves, about
a Foot high, whofe Stalks were of a dark green colour, cornered; and about
fix Inches from the Ground, divided into Twigs, fet oppofite to onc ano-
ther underneath, and alternatively above, at about threé quarters of an
Inches diftance afunder. The Twigs at bottom, orneareft the-Roor,; where
largeft, ‘were about an Inch and an half long, having Pinaule or Leaves
plac'd alternatively on them, being about nine pair, with an odd oneat end.
They had a {mall Foot-Stalk, were roundifh, very deeply cut in on: the
edges, of a dark green colour above; and underneath covered very thick
with large and many rufty Spots, ta which lay its Seed.
| Ir

The Natural Ehifiory of Jamaica.

93.

It grew by the fides of Rio d’ Oro, near Mr. Philpot’s Plantation, between
fixteen Mile Walk and St. Maries.

LXIX Rata muraria major, foltis variis, fcil. oblongis integris, cy {ubrotundis
ferratis. Cat.p. 21. Tab. 52. Fig. 2.

This has a fmall folid Root, covered with fome fcaly rufty Hair, and
having many long Strings and Filaments, whereby it draws its Nourifhment.
From hence rife many Leaves about fix or nine Inches high, having
pale green Stalks, divided towards the cop into feveral Twigs, coming out
for the moft part oppofite to one another, haying fet on them Pinaule, or
Leaves, two, or three pair, with an odd one at the end, they being almoft
Round or Oval, much larger than thofe of Wall-Rue, and very orderly in-
dented about the edges, of a pale green Colour. Inthe middle of thefe Leaves
rife up others from the fame Root, having higher Stalks, and the Pésne fer
‘after che fame manner, only longer and narrower than the firft Leaves. "They
are Without incifures, and have on their backfides, by the Margin, a ferru-
gincous Welt or Line, in which lies the Seed.

It grew out of the Fiflures of the Rocks, on the Banks of Orange River, and
Rio d’ Oro, in the middle of this lfland.

This Plant is perfectly differing from Adianthum folits inferioritus Corie
andri, ¢rc. Plukenet. Alm. p.g. and all the Plants this Author conjectures to
be the fame with it, in his Alw, & Muntiffa, ps.

LXX. Rata muraria maxima, foliis oblongis, crenatis. Cat. p. 21. Tab. 46.
Fig. 2.
“This had a folid {trong Root, covered with many large brown Scales, and
having many capillary Fibrils, from whence rofe many dark green Stalks
about a Foot high, divided into many Twigs, fet fometimes alternatively, and
fometimes oppofite to one another, at about haif an Inch’s diftance one from
another. On thefe were plac’d three or four pair of Pinnule or Leaves, with
an odd one, being much lefler than the former, or thole of Rata Muraria,
crenated or dented on the edges, being fmaller, more oblong, and lefs round
than the preceding.

It geew onthe rocky Banks, of Orange River, and Ris d’ Oro.

LXXI. Filix nom ramofa minor, pinnulis crebris, obtufis, crenatis. Cat.p. 21.
Tab. 54. Fig.t.

This had a black oblong Root covered with many ends of the Foot- -

Stalks of Leaves dropt off, and having long Thongs and Fibrils deeply
fix’d inthe Ground. From hence rife green Stalks, blackifh at the Root,
about a Foot and a half high, divided into Twigs, fet alternatively, on
which the Pi#aule are very thick placd, fo as to leave no empty {pace be-
tween them, being large, broad, blunt, indented, and of a dark green
colour.

It grew by the Rio d’ Oro, between St. Maries, and the North-fide.

LXXIL. Adiantum nigrum maximum, non ramofum, pinnis crebris, majoribus,
crafts, cr Trapexii in modum figuratis. Cat.p. rt. Tab. $5. Fig. 1.

This has.a black Root, covered with a ferrugincous hairy Mofs, having
many blach Fibers running into the Ground. It rifcs two Feot high, by a
ftrong black Triangular Stalk, covered with ahairy ferrugineous Mofs, from
whence, at about.a Foot from the Ground, proceed, at half an Inch’s di-
ftance, alternatively, the Twigs, which are thick fect with Pinsule or Leayes,
alternatively, each being an Inch long, and not over half fo broad, of .the
figure of anirregular Lozenge, or ew being thicker, and of a dasker

colour

es

O4 The Natural Fiiftory of Jamaica.

colour than thofe of the Adiantum foliis Coriandri. The Seed lies in a
rufty Line along the Margin of the Pisne. Of this there are fome varie-
ties as to largenefs, crc.

_ This grew on a fhady Gully’s Banks, beyond Zroopers Quarters, near the
Town of St. Fago dela Vega, and in other inland Woods of this Ifland.

Pifo commends this, and fays, that ‘twas commonly ufed in Brafile for Ex-

pectorating tough Phlegm, and for other the ufes, are ufually made of Ez-
repean Maiden-Hair.
— Ttake this to be Conambai-miri five adianti {pecies prior vel Avcnca Luftta
nis. Pif. the Figure and Defcription agreeing with it as his fecond Kind of
the fame agrees with the Filix non ramofa minor caule nigro, Gc. defcribed
above p. 35. of this Book.

LXXIII. Adiantum nigrum majus non ramo{um, pinnulis & furculis rarioribus,
craffis Trapezii in modum figuratis. Cat. p.r1. Adianthum Famaicenfe lonchi-
tidis falcatis foliis, ramofum pediculis [plendentibus nigris. Plukenct. Almag.p.1x.
Phyt. Tab.253. Fig. 1. Adiantum Famaicenfe lonchitidis falcatis foliis ramofum,
pediculis [plendentibus nigris, Bob. hiff.Ox. part. 3. p. 587. An Adiantum ni-
grum pinnulis lonchitidis ferratis minus. Plum. p.3r. Tab. 48. Lonchitis ramofa,
pediculis nigris, pulverulenta. Plum. Tournef. Inft. p.539 ?

This as to heighth, ftalk, ec. was the fame with the foregoing, only the
Twigs came out more rarely, viz. at about an Inch’s diftance, and were not
fo thick fet with Pénnule or Leaves, fo that there was a confiderable empty
{pace between them, but for fhape, feed, thicknefs, ec. they were the fame,
though much {maller.

It grew in the inland Woods of this [fland.

LXXIV. Adiantum nigrum minus non ramofum, pinnulis majoribus craffis Tra
pexii in modum foguratis. Cat. p. 2X. :

This hada {mail repent Root, having black Fibers to draw its Nourifh-
ment, from whence fprang many Leaves fix Inches high, with Twigs and
Pinnule, exactly like the firft Adiantum nigrum maximum, ec. only the Mar-
gin of the Piznule were very caGly indented, they were not altogether fo

thick or dark coloured,

It grew by the way fide on Archers Ridge, and in other the inland woody
parts of this J{land.

This which is figured by Dr. Plukenet Phyt. Tab. 125. Fig.2. has only a
Stalk, furculi & pinnae, and is therefore, according to me, not ramofe, notwith-
ftanding what Dr. Plukemet fays in his Mantiffa, p.5. (take is to differ from
the immediately preceding, as may appear by comparing his own Figure and
F.Plumiers, Tabe 47. This laft I take to be another Fern of the Doctors
own figuring Phyt. Tab. 253. Fig. 1. He likewife doubts I have made a
third Plantof this one, viz. Zrichomanes majus, totum, album, pinnis aculeatis,
trapezii figura, Which is his Filicula maritima ex infulis Caribbeis, Ge. Phyt.
Tab. 286. Fig. 1.a quite different Plant, as is plain from what is faid above.

LXXV. Adiantum nigrum non ramofum majus, pinnulis majoribus tenuibus
in Trapezii modum figuratis. Cat. p.21. Tab, 55. Fig. 2.
This rofe to about a Foot and an half high, having a very polite, black
fhining, Stalk, with no ferrugineous Hair on it, the Pinnule being frequent,
and exactly like thofe of the precedent Kind, not fe much indented, but of
a yellowifh green colour, and very thin. On the upper Margin of them,
in a ferrugineous Welt, lies the Seed. The Stalk was divided into two or

three Twigs. :
_ Tt grew with the former.
: LXXXI_ Adian-

‘The Natural Fiiflory of Jamaica. |

73

Ne ans sae

LXXXI. Adiantum nigrum non yamofum majns, furculis raris, pinnulis denfis,
crafis, minimis, criftatis, & Trapezii in modum figuratis. Cat. po 21.

This rofe to about a Foot and an half high, the Stalk being black, very
polite, fhining, and fer alternatively with Twigs, at more than an Inch’s di-

{tance from one another. They are five Inches long, and very thick fet with’

Pinnule alternatively, fo that there isno defect or void {pace between]them,
each of them being of the figure of a Zrapezium ; thick, very fmall, of a
dark green colour, with a ruity Line on its edge, wherein lies the Seed.

There isa variety of this, which by accident is fometimes branched. Anos
ther having only three Surculi, being, 1 {uppofe, young.

There is another variety, with more frequent Twigs, and the Pinaule not
figurd exactly like a Zrapezium, but Semicircular, alittle indented, and like
that of Adiantum fruticofum Brafilianum Coranti. This variety feems to be
that defcribed by Breynius.

I found this onthe woody Mountains near Mr. E/let/on’s Plantation in Lis
guanee, and on Archers Ridge, near fixteen Mile Walk, Cre.

This is very much commended by Péfo for opening of the Wind-Pipe, and
all the Difeafes of the Lungs, either in Decoctions or Syrups.

LXXXIL. Adiantum nigrum majus non ramofum, farculis pediculi communis
fummitate, tanquam centro, prodeuntibus, Cr feelle in modum radiatis, Cat. p.u2d«
Adiantum Famaicenfe, -pinnulis auriculatis ramofum, quinis ramulis ex codem can-
liculi puncto expanfts, ornatum. Plukenet. Almag. p. it. Phyt. Tab. 253. Fig. 3.
Trichomanes Americanum radiatum. Bob. hifk. Ox. part 3. p- 59%. Trichomanes
Americanum radiatum. Tournef. ¢l. bot. p.43 1. Lonchitis radiata polytrict facie,
Ejufd. Inft. p. 539+

This had a Root with a great number of blackifhbrown, long Filaments,
varioufly interwoven, from whence rofe many round, black, very polite,
and fhining Stalks, about a Foot high. From the top of this, as from a
common Centre, went nine Twigs about fix Inches long, ftanding round at
an equal diftance from one another, befet with Pinznule which were of a
dark green colour, fer thick by one another, like in Figure and Confiltence
to the precedent, and having on its Margin ferrugineous Lines, in which
was its Seed and onthe upper fide next the Stalk, an Auricle or <Appen-
diculato each Pinna. :

It grew in'the Woods near Captain Drax’s Plantation in the North fide of
the Ifland by the Old Town of Sevilla, oc.

This is on'y divided into a Stalk, furculi & pinne, and according to my
method, not ramofe, fo that it may be faid to have furculi, and be ra-
diared, though not ramofe, notwithftanding what Dr. Plaxenst fays in his

Mantilfa, p. 5-

LXXXIN. Filix arborea ramofa, [pinofa, caudice non divifo, pinnulis latis, denfis;

brevibus, tenuibus, minutim dentatis, Cat. p.22. Tab. 56. An Filix Famaicenfts
prelongis cy anguftis alis filipendule accedentibus, pediculo fenticofo rubente. Pluke-
net. Almag. p. 156? Filix Famaicenfis non ramofa, pediculo jufco [pinofo, forbi
aucuparia pinnulis. Bob. hift. Ox. part. 3. p. 578. Filix arborefcens, Ipinofa, pir-
nulis:in fummitate ferratis. Plum. Tournefort. Inft. p. 537.

This has a Trunc twenty Foot high, as big as ones Leg, (after the manner

of Palm-Trees) undivided, and covered|with the remaining ends of the Foot

Stalks, of the Leaves fallen off, which are dark brown, as big as ones Finger,

two. or three Inches long, thick fet with fhort and fharp prickles. At the

top of the Trunc, ftand round, about five or fix Leaves, about fix Foot long,
having a purple Foot-Stalk, very thick befer with fhort, fharp prickles on its
backe

SE

et oe

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica.

bickfide, At about a Foot diftance from the Trunc, each Leaf is divided in-
to Branches {et oppofite to one another, plac’d near the bottom, at about fix
Inches diftance from each other. The Branches are a Foot long in the mid-
dle of the Leaf where longeft. The Twigs come out of the Branches al.
ternatively, being an Inch and an half long, and about two thirds of an Inch
broad in the middle of the Branch where broadeft, being made up of Pjn-
nulé about one third of an Inch long, and half as broad, blunt, cafily in-
dented about the edges, of a dark green colour above, pale green below
very thin, and fo clofe fet to one another that there is no defect or empty
fpace between them.

It grew in a Gully between Guanaboa, and St. Faiths, as alfo on Mount
Diablo in great abundance.

The Specémen which Mr. Bobart faw of this Fern, was only a fide Branch,
fo that it isno wonder he calls it on ramofa.

From theie Trees growing on the Mountains of Hifpaniola, the Spaniards
argued the fertility of that Soil, making Ferns grow to fuch a vat big-
ne{s, which in Europe were fo inconfiderable, not confidering that the
Ferns in Europe and here, were quite different Kinds one from the other.

LXXXIV. Adiantum nigrum, ramo{um, maximum, foliis fen pinnulis, obtafts,
varie fed pulcherrime finuatis cy» dentatis. Cat. p. 22. Lab. 57. Fig. t, & 2.
Lonchitis altiffima, globuligera, minor. Plum. Tournef. Inft. p. 538.

This rifes four or five Foot high, having a fmooth, reddifh brown, shining
Stalk,as big as ones Finger, which is divided into Branches alternatively, going
out of oppofite fides of the Stalk, having Twigs, thick fet with Pinaule or
Leaves, after the manner of Adianthum Nigrum Off. F.B.. Thefe Pinuule are
thick, blunt, varioufly finuated, or deeply cut in on the edges, efpecially on
their upper fides, and indented about their round ends, fomething like the
Filicula fontana major, five adiantum alium filicis folio, Pin. of a dark green
colour, and fhining on the upper fide, and below, having its Seed lying
in round ferrugineous Spots, efpecially near the greater finuations by the
edges.

ir grew on the fides of Mount Diallo very plentifully.

LXXXV. Adiantum nigrum, ramofum, maximum, foliis feu pinnulis obtuffs te-
auibus, regulariter minutifime c pulcherrime [c#is. Cat. p.r2. Tab. 57. Fig. 3.

This had a Stalk of the fame bignefs, heighth, and colour, covered with
a rufty duft. The Branches and Twigs were likewife the fame, only the Pirz-
nule oc Leaves werethinner, deeplier, and more regularly cut in on the edges,
of both fides, having no finuations, being of -a dark green fhining colour
above, underneath of a pater, where are {maller round ferrugineous Spots,
in which lies the Seed.

It grew with the former, and on the Banks of Rio a’ Oro, and Orange Ri-
ver going to St. Maries, inthe North fide.

LXXXVI. Adiantum ramofum fcandens, pinnulis fen foliis, otlongis, profunde
laciniatis, pellucidis. Cat. p.r2- Tab. 58. An Filix fcandens adiantho Nartonenft
Similis Famaicenfis. Plukenct. Alm, p.156 2 Adiantum Famaicenfe ramofum & pel-
lucidum, pinnulis angnftis crebrioribus ut plurimum peltatis, apice filamentofo ¢ me-
dio exeunte, Bob. hift. Ox. part. 3. p.589. An Adiantum fecandens, foliis tenn
iffime fectis & retufis. Plam. Tournef. Inft.p. 543 ?

This has a Stalk not fo big as a Goofe-Quill, roundifh, black, covered
towards its top with a ferrugincous MofS, and having very many Fila-
ments or Clavicles, by which it takes firm hold of the Barks of the Trees,
and xifes to fifteen or twenty Foot high, turning «its {elf round, At vey

Inches

catia

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica.

Inches diftance, it puts forth Leaves about a Foot long, having about
two Inches of their Foot-Stalk naked. This Foot-Stalk afterwards divides
its felf into Branches, fometimes fet oppofite to one another, but moftly
alternatively: the Branches have their Twigs, on which grow the Pinnule
or Leaves, being long. deeply cut in on the edges, very thin, pellucid,
of a yellowith green colour, having fome dark opaque Ribs running through
them, and a woolly Hair on them, and the Seed on the ends of their
Segments in a little Cup. |

Ic grows on the Truncs of the larger Trees on Mount Diablo, and Ar-
thers Ridge.

It is very plain that this is not the Adianthum Petreum perpafillam Anclicum
foliis bifidis vel trifidis Newtoni. Raii hiff. p. 14x. nor any of thofe. Plants
concerning which Dr. Plukenet raifes doubts in his Mantiffz, p. 5.

LXXXVIL Adiantum nigrum ramofum maximum, foliis few pinnalis tenuibus;
longis, acutis, {pinofts. Cat. p. 22. Tab. 57. Fig. 4. Filix ramofa Famaicenfis ci-
cute majoris foliis, frve adianti nigri vulgaris pinuulis amplioribns, Bub. hift. Ox.
part. 3. p.534. An Filix ramofiffima cicate foliis. Tourncf. Inft. p. 537?

This rifes three Foor high, having areddifh coloured {mooth Stalk, di-
vided at one Foot and a half from the Ground into feveral Branches, having
their Twigs, and they their Pinnule or Leaves, after the manner of the Adi-
antum Nigrum Oficin. J.B. only they are longer, thinner, fharper at point,
having there a very little prickle, as well as others, much fmaller. ({o as
to be {earce difcernible,) along their Margin, where are no incifures or very
{mall ones. They have on their back parts, many round, rufty Spots, aftet
~ manner of the other Ferns.

It grewon Mount Diablo very plentifully.

This is fometimes of a pale green colour, with almoft pellucid thin Leaves
or Pinnule.

. This cannot poffibly be the Filix Africana floride fimilis, Gc. Plukenet.
Alm, p. 156. Phyt. Tab. 181. Fig. 5. as that Author doubts in his AMantiff
p. 83: |

LXXXVIN. Adiantum nigrum ramofum majus, foliis feu pinnulis tenuibus, lon
gis, acutis, fpinofis. Cat. p.r3. Filix Famaicenfis ramofa adianti nigri pinnulis an-
guftioribus. Bob. hiff. Ox. part.3. p. 584. | aS

The Root of this was knobbed, and had many blackifh Thongs run from it
into the Earth, to receive its Nourifhment. It differed only from the former
in bignefs, and fo perhaps may be only a variety. Of this I have fevecal
Samples differing in bignefs and colour.

They grew on Mount Diablo with the preceding

LXXXIX. Adiantum nigrum ramofum minus, pinnulis minoribus, tenuibus, obtit-
Shs, crenatis. Cat. p. 23. Tab. 54. Fig. 2. Filix Famaicenfis humilior acuta alarum
pinnulis inferioribus, brevioribus, Bob. hift. Ox. part. 3. p.576. ,

This is about the ordinary bignefs of the Adiantum Nigrum Offcin. J. B.

has a whitifh or pale gre2n Foot-Stalk , the Pinnule or {mall Leaves lef-
fer, thinner, and not cut in on the edges, being not fo fharp, and with-
out thofé {mall prickles the precedent Kind has, It has a fmall creeping
Root, like that of Polypodium, with hairy fibrils, by which it draws its Nou-
rifhment, and fometimes comes to be a Foot high.

I found it grow with the others,

Cec XC, Adana

—

=

98

Lhe Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

XC. Adiantum nigrum ramo[um minus, ramulis furculis e> pinaulis raris, mini-
mis, {ubrotundis. Cat. p.r3. Tab.13. Fig.2.

This rifes to nine Inches high, having black Stalks at coming out of the
Earth, covered with a rufty Mofs, having Twigs towards the top, coming
out at near an Inches diftance from one another, fet oppofite for the mott
part. On thefe come the Pinnule, not frequently, but rarely plac’d, being
the fmalleft of any of this Kind, leaving a confiderable defect betweea
each other, being varioufly finuated or cut in on the edges, fo thar
they appear divided into Pirzule, making it ramofz, and of a dark green

colour.
It grew amongft fome Rocks below the Town of St. F2go dela Vega, near

the River.

XC]. Adiantum five capillus Veneris. F.B. Raii hiff. p.147. Cat. p. 23:
This was brought from famaica by Fames Harlow, and given me by
Dr. Sherard. It ought to have been among the Ferns that are not ramofe.

XCI. Adiantum nigrum majus, ramofum, coriandri folio. Cat. p.23. Adian-
tum fruticofum coriandri folio Famaicenfe, pediculis foliorum politiore nitore ni-
gricamtibus, forte adiantum fruticofum Brafilianum. Pluken, Almag. p.10. Phyt.
Lab. 254. Fig. 1. An Adiantum fruticolum Athiopicum pinnulis amplis, fubrom
tundis, fuperne dentatis, media pinnarum parte petiolis infidentibus. Bjufd. Alm.
p.10. Fhyt. Tab. 253. Fige22? Adiantum valeari fimile c> ramofifimum. Plum,
Tournef. ps 543? a

This rifes two or three Foot high, having a ftrong, black, very polite,
and fhining Stalk, branch'd out at unequal intervals alternatively. Thefe
Branches have Twigs fet alternatively with Pisnule or Leaves, in Foct-
Stalks, fhape, colour, bignefs, thinnefs, feed, incifures, ¢c. agrecing ex-
actly with the Adiantum foliis coriandri, C.B. only this is ramofe or branch’d,
and is much larger and taller.

It grew on the fides of a fhady woody Gully, beyond Zreopers Qusrters,
and in other great Woods of this Ifland, and in Beriudas.

XCIN. Adiantum nigrum, ramofum, maximum, foliis majoribus Trapezii in me-
dum figuratis. Cat. p.23. Tab. 59.

This was much larger than the former, having a very black and polite
Stalk, fhining, rifing three or four Foot high in Branches and Twigs exa@ly
like it, the Piznule were as to colour, thinnefs, feed, ec. exactly the fame,
only they were of the figure of ‘a 7rapezium, and twice or thrice as large,
and very little cut in on the edges, where on the two fides, making the
Angle oppofite to the Petiolus, were the Seeds in a ferrugineous Weic.

It grew in the more inland large Woods of this Ifland.

This is defcribed by Mr. Bobart. hift. Ox. part.3. p. 587. under the: Titic

of Adiantum ramofum foliis trapezii dentatis, Plum.

XCIV. Filix ramofa maxima feandens, ramulis raris, pinnulis erebris, latis,
brevibus, obtufis. Cat. p 23. Tab.60. Flix ramofa Malabarica, alis integris, cl-
ternis Cy acutis rotundius crenatis para-panna-mara-vara, F{. M. Bob. part. 3. hift.
Ox. p. 583.

This fad a Stalk as big as ones Thumb, applying its felf to the Truacs
of Trees, and taking faft hold of their Barks, like fvy, by means of many
Fibrils and Clavicles it {trikes therein, rifing by this means fifteen or twenty
Foot high, and being covered over with a rufty coloured Mofs, as moit

Ferns are. About five or fix Foot from the Ground, it has Leaves going
out

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

99

out of oppofite fides of the Stalk, being five Foot long, and braach’d a
Foot from its beginning, the Foot-Stalk and Branches being of a gray colour,
covercd witha rufty Mofs. The Branches come out alternatively, at two
Inch’s diftance afunder, thofe next the Stalk or undermoft, being the largeft
and longeft. ‘Ihe Twigs have their Piamule, which are large, whole, broad,
obtufe, frequent, leaving {carce any empty or void {pace between them, be-
ing cut in to the very middle Rib, on the undermoft Branches, but on the
upper join’d to their ends almoft, and of a fhining green colour.

Ic grew in the inland Woods on the Roads fide between Guanaboa and Colo-
nel Bourden’s Plantation, on the fide of Mount Diablo, and Archers Ridge
- very plentifully.

Whether this be really differing otherwife than in magnitude from the
Filix non vamo(a fcandens pinnilis, Gc. isto me doubtful, this being defcribed

for that by Mr. Bobart. ’Tis really ramofe.

XCV. Filix ramofa major, caule {pinofo, foliis fen pinnulis rotundis, profunde
Laciniatis, fou cerefolii foliis. Cat. p.23, Tab. 61. Filix ramofa Famaicenfis fu-
marie foliis, pediculis & rachi medio aculeatis Plukenet. Alm. p.156. Eas
dem non [pinofa levis Ejufd. ibid. Bob. hift. Ox. part.3. p. 584. .

This has a long Root like Polypody, towards the top covered with fer-
rugineous Hair or Mofs, at the bottom of which are feveral Filaments or
Threads of a dark brown colour. From this Root rife feveral Foot-Stalks
cornered on one fide, and round on the other, of the bignefs of a Swans-
Quill, of a gray colour. This Stalk is thick fet with fhort fharp prickles,
as well as the Branches, which go out oppofite to onc another, at fix Inch’s
diflance, the Stalk rifing three or four Foot high. ‘The Branches have their
Twigs fet alternatively. Onwhich are the Pinnule or Leaves, being roundifh,
and very deeply cut in on the the edges, after the manner of Chervil,
to which it is like, being of a yellowilh green colour, having the Seed
in little Spots on the ends of the Segments of the back fide of the
Leaves. _

It grew near the open Ground by Rio @ Oro, near Mr Philpot’s Plan-
tation. |

XCVI. Filix ramofa major, pinnulis crebris, brevibus, latis, obtufts, fubrotundis.
Cat. p.23. Filix Famaicenfis few polypodiuns Cicutaria latifolias fatidiffime folits
uodammodo conveniens, pinnulis amplis, mucronatts, circa margines, ferris latiufcalis
profunde finuofts. Plukenet. Almag. p. 153. Phyt. Tab.r89. Fig. 4. Filix non
ramofa major Famaicenfis, lobis longis quercinis polypodsi divifura. Bob. hift. Ox.
part. 3. p.574» Forte, Filix arborefcens candice {pinofo, ramofa, alis latis musrona
tis, polypodii divifura, Ejufd. hift. Ox. part.3. p.583.-

The Root of this Fern is roundifh, large, having a great many black fi-
bers, and its top covered: with a reddifh Mots or Hair, as well as the Stalks ac
their beginning. They rifeto be two.or three Foot high, being light coloured
green, having Branches rarely placd at two Inches. diftance, for the moft
part oppofite to one another, tho fometimes alternatively. The lowermoft
Branches are the largeft, being divided into two Inch long ‘Twigs, like Oak
Leaves, whofe Pinnule ox little Leaves, are at the undermoft divifions
longer than the others, being fet onto the very Twig and indented; but on
thofe above broad, fhort, obtufe, whole, and for the moft part united al-
moft tothe very ends, fo that I was very much in doubt whether I fhould
not call this whole Twig an indented Piszaula, and. reduce this to the
not ramofe Kind, It has very many ferrugineous Spots on the back-fides of
the Leaves. 3

There

100 ~The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

There is a variety of it in the broadnefS of the Twigs, and fo confe-
quently of the Pinnule.

It grewin the Woods by the Crefcent Plantation, and in all the inland
Woods of this Ifland.

This is not the Filix Famaicenfts foliis femel {ubdivifis, pinnulis obtuftoribus
cofte adnafcentibus, forbi aucuparia quodammodo referentibus. Plukenet. Phyt. Tab.
291. Fig. 1. as Dr. Plakenet conjectures in his Mant. p.80. but is that fi-
sured by him, Zab. 289. Fig. 4. as is apparent to any body that compares
their Figures and Defcriptions.

XCVII. Filix ramofa major, pinnulis longis, acutis, raris, falcatis, Cat. p.r3.
Filix non ramofa Famaicenfis pediculo albicante alis marrubii aquatici fere divify-
ris quarum pinnule a tergo linea candidiffima afpergine conflata ¢ per ambitum
duéta crenata funt. Plukenct. Almag. p.15}3. Phyt.r90. Fig. 2.

This has a Stalk rifing about three Foot high, as big as ones Finger, of a
pale green colour, and {mooth, being at about a Foot’s diftance from the
Ground, divided into Branches fet alternatively, about a Foot long. On
which at about an Inches diftance from one another, alternatively are plac’d
the Twigs, being about nine Inches long, and mrade up of Pinnule about
an Inch long, crooked or falcated, from their Bafe, where they are fora
little united, and broadeft, decreafing by degrees, ending in a point or
foinula, being falcated or crooked, having a defect between each other,
of alight green colour on the upper fide, and underneath having a fer-
rugineous Welt below itsedge, wherein lies its Seed. ‘The Leaves are fome-
what’ indented before the Seed makes a welt, which inclines me to believe
this to be the fame with F. Plamiers Filix latifolia dentata G adlacinias mol-
liter aculeata. 3

It grew in the inland parts of this Iland.

sem Powder on the-back fide of the Leaf is commended by Péfo in ill
Ulcers.

XCVIII. Filix ramofa major, hirfuta, ramulis raris, pinnulis afplenii, cil. cre-
bris, latis, brevibus, [ubrotundis, non dentatis. Cat. p.r3. An Filix Famaicenfis
ramofa, pediculis Mufcofis, pinnulis rarioribus, dentatis. Plukenct. Almag. p.155 ?

This has many Stalks rifing from the fame Root, to be about two Foot
high, being each of them as Big as ones Finger, very hairy, and at abouta
Foot from the Ground, divided into Branches, the lowermoft whereof are.
about nine Inches long, fet almoft oppofite to one another. They have
Twigs more than an Inch long, fet alternatively, ‘being made up of broad,
fhort, for the moft part whole, though fometimes, eafily notchd Pinnule or
Leaves, which are roundifh at their ends, often united for fome {pace by
their edges, of a pale green colour, being not only in its Stalks, Branches, ~
and middle Ribs, but all over covered with a whitifh, ftrong, fhort hair;
diftinguifhing it fufficiently from all others akin to it. |

It grew by the Banks of Rio @ Oro, near Mr. Philpot’s Plantation between
fixteen Mile Walk, and St. Maries inthe North fide. |

XCIX. Filix ramofa minor, hirfuta, ramulis raris, brevibus, pinnulis fubrotune
dis, folii apice radices agente. Cat. p.24. Filix non ramofa, pediculo hir{uto cori-
andri foliis Americana, Plukenet. Almag. p. 153. Phyt. Tab.284. Fig. 5. Filix
minor Famaicenfis pediculis villofis, alis amplioribus oppofitis quercinis. Bob. hift.
Ox. part. 3. p.576. An Filix villofa pinnulis quercins. Tournef. Inft.p.537 ?

The Root of this was tuberous and knobby, having many two or three
Inches long fibrils, and was covered with a hairy ferrugineous Mofs, feom
whence rofe three or four Stalks nine Inches, or a Foor high, bod vey

3 ender,

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

IO!

flender, of a brownifh red colour, and having muchhairy Mofs, of the fame

colour, onthem. The Ramyli are fomewhat like an Oak Leaf, rarely placed _

- oppofite to one another, at about an Inch’s diftance, being fhort, viz. not an
Inch long. The Pizwule or Leaves are very few, broad, and roundifh,
fomewhat rough or woolly, and have fome ferrugineous round {pots or
Seed by which it is. propagated. Befides this way of Propagation, it
has another, which is, that the end of the Leaf leaning on the Ground, takes
Root, and grows into another Plant, after the manner. of the Stalks of
the common Rubus.

It was brought from famaica by Fames Harlow, a Gardener fent thither by
Sir. Arthur Rawdon, and from him communicated to me by Dr. Sherard.

This is not the Adianthum, feu flix trichomanoides Famaicenfis, pinnulis au-
viculatis dentatis, Crt» Plukenet. Alm. p.9. Phyt. Tab.r53.. Fig. 4. as that Au-
thor fuppofes in his Manriffa, p.5. buthis Filix non he pediculo hirfute,
cre. Phyt.Tab. 284. Fig. 5. as may eafily appear to any who will take the
pains to compare their Defcriptions and Figures.

C. Filix ramofa major, ramulis raris, ex adverfo fitis, pinaulis afplenii, foil,
crebris, latis, brevibus, {ubrotundis, non dentatis. Cat. p.24. Tab: 62.

This Fern was about two Foot. high, it had abrown Stalk, which at, fix
Inches diftance from the Ground, was divided into Branches, fet oppofite to
one another both at bottom, and towards the-top, at two Inches diftance from
each other. The undermoft Branches, orthefe neareft the Root were longeft,
being about five Inches long, on which were plac’d about an inch long i wigs,
made up moftly of four pair of Pinnule, which were united together for a
little way, fhort, broad, whole, of a dark green colour, and almoit round,
fo that each Twig look’d fomething like a fhort Leaf of Ajpleninm.

It grew in the Inland woody parts of this Ifland.

This is not the Filix Famaicenfis foliis femel fubdivifis, crc. Plukenet. Alm.
?- 153+ Phyt. Tab. 291. Fig. 1. as that Author conjectures in his Mantiff.
p. 80, 2 =

Cl. Filix famina {ew vamofa major, pinnulis anguftis, obtufis, non den
tatis, impari furculum terminante longifima. Cat. p.r4. Filix femina~ ra
mofiffima Famaicenfis, pinnula alas claudente longifima. Plukenet. Almag. p. t56.

This is very likethe Filix femina, Ger.or the ramofa major pinnulis obtufis,
non dentatis, C. B. having a reddilh brown, {mooth, fhining Stalk, rifing
three or four Foot high, the Branches ftanding fometimes oppofite, fome-
times alternatively, on which are plac'd the Twigs, along which are fet, after
the fame manner, the Pizne or Leaves. They are narrower, having a void
{pace between them, and are more rarcly placd than thofe of the Filix fe-
mina, Ger. being long, harfh, of a dark, or.dirty. green colour, at the end
of each Twig having oneodd Pinaula, twice as long as any of the fide ones.

It grew in the inland Savanuas of this: Ifland.

1am apt to believe this to be what Lery means by Fengiere, this being fo
like our ordinary Félix femina, as to impofc on moft people, making them
eres it the fame, and he reckoned. likewife that his Feugiere of Brafile was
the tame, « sj

GI, Filix femina feu ramo[a major, pinnulis anguftifimis rarifimifque. Cat.
p. 24. Lab. 63. Filix:famina ramofifima Famaicenfis pinnula alas claudznte
longiffima, pinnulis anguftioribus. Plukenet. Alm.p. 156. ie

This rifes to about five Foot high, having a .very {trong Stalk, cornered,
as big as ones Finger, of a black colour at bottom, and reddifh green a-
bove, having Branches fometimes PRR pa, fometimes alternatively, on

which

102 The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

ee

which come the Twigs, which are befet with Pzsve, much narrower thats

any of this Kind, fo that there is a very large defe&t or empty {pace between

them, by whichthey may be eafily known from any other of this Kind.
This grew in the inland parts of this Ifland in the Savannas.

CI. Filix femina feu ramofa major, dichotoma pinnulis lonchitidis, {cil. lone
gis, anguflis, non dentatis. Cat. p.r4. Flix Famaicenfts dichotomos few ramis bi-
fidis, femine noftratis pinnulis ramofiffima. Plukenet. Alm. p. 156.

This Fern rofe to about feven or eight Foot high, having Stalks as big as
ones Finger, being fmooth, fhining, roundifh, of a reddifh green colour, al-
ways divided into two Branches, ftanding oppofite to one another, and
they into two Twigs ftanding in the fame manner, which are for the moft
part about three Inches long, and made up of many Inch-long Pinna, joind
at their bottoms to one another by a narrow membrane running along the
Twig or middie Rib, and thence growing very narrow, they end bluntly, -
leaving a very confiderable defect, or empty {pace between them, and be-
ing of a grafs green colour on the upper fide, and paler underneath. At
every one of the larger divifions of the Stalk ftand Twigs with Pinne, as in
the tops of the Branches.

It grew in Famaica on the Moneque Savanna, and in going down Mount
Diablo thither. |

{t was obferved in Martinique by F.Plumier. \ find that it grows likewife
in China by a Draught of it taken from the Life in that Country, and given
me by Mr. Fames Cuningham ,

= rT 4 2

ne ope: Sims
Of Herbs with grafie Leaves.

Erbs with graffie Leaves and lefs perfeé or Stamincous Flowers
which are Culmiferous, are divided into thofe with large
Seeds, or Corns, and thofe with lefler Seeds called Graffes.
There are. very few Corns’ here, the European Kinds not
ripening well: the others, as Rice, Guinea Corn of two forts,
and Maizripen very well, and give great increafe, efpecially the two latter,
but are the Food only of fome few of the meancr fort of People and
Cattle ; Caffada Bread with Yams, and other Roots and Flower, coming from
other parts where Wheat is plentiful, being the chief Subfiftance of the In-
habitants. Tt
1 doubted very much whether I fhould find in the American Vflands any
Grafles, at leaft in Plains as our Fields in Ewrope, but! found many grafiie
Plains, and inthem Kinds of Grafles analogous to thofe of Earope, and two
which I could not find different from them. Whar the defign of Nature was
in their Produ@tion feems hard to difcover, for in thefe Iflands they had
no large Fourfooted Beafts but one, till Europeans landed there, unlefs it
be faid that as Corn with greater Seeds ‘are for Man’s Nourifhment, {o thefe
were appointed for the Food of Birds and Infeéts, which feed on them and
their Ripe Seeds. 3 ce ie
Graffes are well divided into thofe {piked or panicled, which are made’ up
of many Spikes ; of ‘the firft there are fome few, whereof chat Panicum

/pica divulfafeems to belong to the Panicled.
| The

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. 103 :

The panicled contains under them the Reeds, which are large Graffes, the
Gramina I{chema, or dactyla, which are the moft numerous and belt feeding
Graffes here, being that of which their Paftures are for the moft part fuii.
Of this there are two Kinds, one whofe feveral Spikes making up the Pa-
nicle, take their beginning from the tops of the Culm, as from their com-
mon Centre, which is common to all of this Kind, which have been known
hitherto; but the other Kind which I call Pasicula longa is new in all its
Species, none of them, or at leaft very few having been in Europe, or taken
notice of before as fuch, their Spikes taking their beginning one over ano-
ther at the upper endfof the Ca/mus, and not juft at the top, being fome-
what like thofe European Grafles, called Gramina panicea, {pica divifa, .

Thofe Cyperus-Grafles which are very large,or have fparfe Panicles, 1 call
Cyperi, and thofe remaining, with triangular Stalks, Gramina cyperoidea, and
between them and Rufhes I have put two by the names of Fancus Cyperoides,
becaufethey feem to partake of both Kinds, having a tuberous {weet fmelling
Root, no Leaves, a Sheath like Ruihes inclofing the under part of the
Ruth, and above fome foliola, a’ Panicle or Spike at top, like thofe of the
Cyperi or Cyperus Grafles, and this is alfo a new Kind. pare

The word Spike is here taken for a fingle Head, not branched into {e-
veral Panicles. |

1. Oryza, Rait biff. 1240. Cat. p. 24. Ind. Or- part. 6. p. 83. Worm. Mul. p.
150. Nicuhof. p.86.' Mirand. Sin. oo Europ. p. 880. Muf.Swammerd. p.13. De
Flacowrt. p.114. De Marini. p.56. De Feynes.p.107. cm 140.

This Grain is fowed by fome of the Negro’s in their Gardens, and {mall
Plantations in Famaica, and thrives very well in thofe that are wet, but be-
caufe of the difficulty there is in {eparating the Grain from the Husk, ’tis
very much neglected. feeing the ufe of it. may be {upplied by other Grains,
more eafily cultivated and made fit for ufe with lefs Labour.

Rice-is the commoneft of all Grains, in moft of the warm Countries and
Iflands inthe Ea/f-/udies, from whence it has gone into fome Countries and
Iflands of the fame temperature in the We/f-Jndies as may be more particu-
larly gathered from the Writers mentioned in my Catalogue. But the Bay of
Bengale-is the place where moft grows, and whence mott of that ufed in Gea,
Malabar, the Moluccas and Sumatra comes, fo that if the Veffels mifcarry from
thence their inhabitants fuffer Famine 9° 9

Iris fown in Marfh Land, that is very moift or overflowed with water,
or fteeped eight days in the River in Paniers, (according to Cauche) and the
Earth is plowed or trodden with Oxen, that it appears Mud; if there be
no Water in the Grounds where ‘tis fown, they water it as 4lsert tells us they
do, every forty hours, in Egypt, Duart de Menefes about Sofala, and the
Writers of China tell us they do there by artificial Channels. When ir is

-reapd they put it into Stacks, and then in’ moft places beat it out of the
Husk -by Peitles and Mortars, and Winnow it; or clear ic ia a Hand-Wood-
oMill (Loubere tom. 1. p 51.) or tread it out by Oxen in a large hard Floor
chy: Buffaloes drove round fo as they may tread on it all. Dampier cap. rs.
Mandelflo fays, p. 166. that in Fapan they keep it in the Ears, and beat it out
as uled, drying it over night in the Chimney Corner in bundles, and next
morning beating it-outclean ina Mortar. :

it i$ in feveral’ Countries manag'd by a feveral way, fometimes if too
thick in coming up-‘tis planted thinner, and Le Combe fays ‘tis in China
planted in Sheafs' or Bundles, the better to refift the Winds

It is ufed for Food in moft Couniries where it grows, ‘tis boiled in water,
and fo ufed as Bread) and is likewife mixed with Milk, Broath, &c. and
made into many kinds of Mefles.

There

a i ne ee eee

104. The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica

There is alfo made of it a Drink or Wine, for which it is boiled, and
then fet aworking, and from thence is diftilled a vinous inflammable incbri-
ating Spirit, called Arack, as aifo of it is made a Vinegar, as many Writers
tell us.

To make Leven for this Rice Drink, in Japan they chaw Rice-Meal and
Spit it intoa Pot, Mandelflo p. 166. who likewife adds, that to make the
Wine they add to the Rice fome Honey or Sugar. /d. p. 156.

Rice, either in Subftance or Decoction, is thought to bean extraordinary
Aadftringent or Binder.

The Meal of it ftrowed on the marks left by the Small-pox, helps
them. C B.

The Decogtion is good againft the Poifon of Ar{nick, Quick-Lime, or
Cantharides. ld. ,

Riolan {ays the Husk of it is poifonous, and the Flower very ill {mell’d.

Fi Bi

Il. Milinm Indicum arundinaceo caule granis flavefcentibus Herm. Cat. p. 425.
An Ampembe de Flacourt. p. 1182 Mengrelie milium Tezzag. p. 68 ? Guinea
Corn of Dampier. cap.3. An Milium Indicum facchariferum altifimum femine
ferrugineo Breyn, prod.z. p.722 An Milium Indicum arundinaceo Caule femine
fufco glumis [plendentibus atris. Plukenet. Almaz. p.r502 Milinm Indicum,
panicula [parfa erecta. Tournef. Lnft. p.51§ ?

This rifes toeight or nine Foor high, has a hollow reddith coloured Cyl
mus, or Stalk, jointed at every nine Inches diftance, every joint having a Leaf
by its Foot-Stalk inclofing the internodium to the next joint, being graffie.
a Foot long, and Inch broad near the joint, whence it decreafes, ending ina
peint, having a white middle Rib. Sometimes fome fmaller Spikes come
out, ex alis foliorum, near the top 3 but that onthe top is an oblong, round-
ifh Head, feven Inches long, and three broad, near as big as ones Fift,
having many finall Branches, or Strings very clofe compacted together, on the
Tops of which come in Follicles, yellow Stamina, asin others of this Kind,
and to them follows in two brown Follicles, a round Seed of a whith
yellow colour, not fo big as that fort of Barley call’d commonly Pearl Barley.

It is planted every where in Famaica for Provifion, yielding very great in-
creafe.

It isthought to Nourifh little, and to be Adftringent as Rice. ;

It is dry, and is good in Dyf{enteries... Cakes are made of its Flour.’ In
Corcyra it feeds Pigeons, and in Sicilia Fire-wood is made of its Stalks. C. B.

Ic isfown ata Foot diftance, three or four Grains into a hole.

The Figures and Defcriptions of Sorgum in moft Authors, agreeing with
this, was the occafion of my putting that in my Catalogue for a Synonimous
name, although I am fure that one fort of the /talian Sorgum, (which has a
white Seed that is flat, and the Panicle as it were comprefied or flat,
whereas that of this has a Panicle ftanding out on all fides,) is really diffe-
rent from this. :

Il. Panicum Indicum {pica longiffima C. B. Theat. Bot. p.523. pit. p. 27. Cat.
- 26.
: This differs not from the precedent, fave in that the Head or Spike is a-
bove a Foot long, being largeft at bottom, where it may be about three
quarters of an Inch Diameter, tapering to the top. It has lefler Grains or
Seeds than the former, many of them being fet on the fame common Foot-
Stalk inclofed in glume, and thofe fet fo clofe together, that it makes an
even Surface, and appears like the common 7ypha Paluftris.

It

It is to be met with in fome Negre’s Plantations, though not fo com-
monly as the former.

It came from Guinea, and Perroquets fed on it by the way. Cluf:

Fohannes Leo {ays that this fort of Grain makes Bread, is uled to be
boiled in Milk, and to feed Birds.

1V.. Framentum Indicum Mays ditium, G. B. Cat.p..6. Fromentum Turcicum
Duran. p.68. C 112. Mais Americanor. Contant. p.r, Bled de Turquie de Flacourt.
p.127. Millet.cu bled de Turquie de Biet. p. 334+ Gros mil, mais on bled de
Turquie de Rochef. Tabl. p. 48. Triticum Turcicum mul. Swammerd.p. 13+ Corn
and Maiz of Dampier. An Mill de Mair p.80,84, ror, cf 1362 Mays

ranis aureis, albicantibus, violaceis, [padiceis, nigricantibus, rubris. Idem {pica
albee[padicea, rubro-[padicea, aurea Cr alba, albapunctis {padiceis notata, alba-vio-
lacea punttis fpadiceis notata, albo lutca violaceis punttis O° carulcis notata, albo
lutea rubris punctis notata, rubra nigra Ge {padicea, carulea lutea violacea cy alba.
Tournef. Inft.p. 53%.

This is every where planted, and gives feveral Crops, every year ripening
three times, or in four months after planting.

It is of feveral forts, being the Grain is fometimes yellow, dark red,
or whitith, ¢c.. which, becaufe I have {een féveral of them.on the ‘fame
Stalk, I take to be only varieties. The beft enumeration of thefe va-
rieties is in Zabernemontanas’s Hiftory of Plants, and Mr. Zournefort’s. Inffi-
tutiones. | |

The Zndians ufed to grind the Grain between Stones, and it was thought
wholefomer in .4merica than wheaten Flour. It increafes mightily, every
Spike having many Seeds, though not fo many as Abbeville tells us, who
ays that every Grain has in two months and an half, or three months ;

four, five, or fix.Stalks, every Stalk fix or {even Spikes, and) every Spike —

fix, feven, or cight hundred Grains, and this three times a year.

This is..the. moft common and natural Grain:in the Wef-Jndies; aad’ has
been from thence communicated to other parts of the World ; efpecially the
hotter parts-of Afa, Africa and Europe, though itis found in very Northern
Countries of werica naturally, and is able to endure great degrees of
Heat and Cold, as may..appear to any one who pleafes, to, perufe the fe-
veral paflages. about it .. mentioned, inthe Authots recited in my Cata-
logue of Jamaica Plants: ‘The beft account of its agriculture and ufé inthe
Indies is given by, Oviedo in his Coronica de las Indias, lib. 7. cap.t. to this
purpofe. They (the Zndjans) cuit down and burn the Woods, (places where
Grafs grows, not being fo Fertile) whofe Athes is as good as Dung. Jndians

9.apace afunder, making holes in the Ground, and putting in four or five
Rote into every hole, covering it by the mould with their Feet, then going
a pace forward they dothe fame, They ftcep it a day or two before, doing
this after Rain, the fharp Stick entring eafily three or four Inches into the
Earth. Itis ripe in three or four months, of in. Nicaragua in fix) weeks ;
but.chen ’tis {mall, and.not fo good as that of four months, that being done
by watering. They weed it, when it ripens Boys fit on Trees and Barbatods
to preferve it from Parrotsand Bitds;) ‘The Spikes are guarded from: the Sun
by Leaves, and.are gathered when. dry. Birds having Beaks’ like Partots
deftroy. ic, . Ia the-Contirient “tis deftroy'd by Dect, Swine, Cats, and
Monkeys. Jt is harder..ia'the Iles to keep, becaufe of the wild Kine,
Swine, Dogs, és. ftom, Spain. One Meafute-gives in Crop from fix to-one
hundred. fold, The Zpdians eat it rofted wher young and tender, other-
wife give it their Cattle: In the miain’ Continent it is ground in a hollow
Stone by a round ong; ‘as Painters do their Colours; with fome water. The
Paft made. into. Balls.is weap’d in one ‘of mas Leaves, and Boil'd or Rofted,
, | e and

ne

. The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. Ding

.
sad

106 = ‘The Natural Hifory of Jamaica. *

Pee Ne ar ee

rn

and eaten whilft hot. -Many forts of Cakes are made of it, the Bread will
not kecp paft two or three days, growing mufty, and fpoiling the Teeth.
A Drink is made of it, and its Flour corrects ftinking warer. All which he
knew, having cultivated it twenty years. ‘J Jb

The Juice of the Stalks or top affords a kind of Honey or Sugar, arid
they with the Leaves afford a fuftenance for Cattle, and materials for Judian
Baskets. The Jzdians made intoxicating Drinks of this at Afexéco, and
other parts, before the Europeans knew them. ‘This Grain was tratsfplanred

from Brafile to St. Thomas by the Portuguef?, and from thence to Guinea.

It is be{t preferv’d fom Weavils in its Husk.
It is now ufed many ways, Rofted before it be quite ripe, Raw made into

Meal, into Cakes, or Boil’d, madeinto Mault or otherwife for Drink.

Fo. dos Santos a PPortnenefe Writer tells us how about Sofala they make it
into both Meat and Drink.’ But ‘tis agreed upon that it affords very little
Nourifiment,’and it hurts the Teeth, fo that it ‘is feldom now ufed bur by
Slaves, and as Food for Horfes, Cattle, and Poultry, for upon it they

‘thrive very much. Formerly /Zariot tells us ont Man’s Labour in a day, in

twenty five Yards Square of Ground fed a Man fora year. :

V. Gramencininum miritimum {picatim quartwn’CiB. Cat.p.29. Granitn
caninum fpitatum foliis trevibus maritimum, Bob: hiff. Ox. part. 3. p.178. An

Gramen caninum maritimum [picatum foliis angnftis longioribns. Ejufd. ib’ 2

I could not obferve any difference between this Grafs defcrib’d by Ca/par

:Byabine, and that here, it being only alittle larger, wwhich T'take to be a vie
-fiety from the Soil. : nH :

oivit grew! every where *byy the: Sea‘ fide, creeping-very fat, and covering:
see | ers.

large pieces of Ground.

=i fhe Vertues:are the fame with thofe of the Gramen caninum. Park.

eo Vib: Gramen- [pica brizie fingulari, locuftis majoribus; villofis; purpurafeentilns.

Cat. p. 30 Tab. 64: Fig. t.°'

7o"This-hasfome {mall fibrous Robts.ftem whence rifes 4 frequently. genict-

lated comprefs'd. Culmusoupwards' of itwo*Foot high. Jt-has hard,’ yellowith
gteen coloured, narrow, inineInches long Leaves," upto the top'of the Stalk,
out of the 4/eof whiclrgo:Branches, on the tops of ‘which flands' one coni-
refs'd Spike “of ‘about three quarters‘of an Inch long, made up of large,
yellow Chaff, hairy atthe énd, about fix or feven Locuffe,. prerty large, being
plac’d on each fide'of the Spike, fomething like thofe of the Gramen (pica bri=2
moajus C. Bi prods only the Glume or locufle are larger, hairy, and there is but
ore Spike onthe top of seach Branch; whichas well-as the reft'of the Plant,
is inclining to a purple or'réd colour. 292 \< - OVOS 3
colt grows in the Savanaas g efpeciallythofe about Seven Plantations:
NAW Gramen paniceummuximum, fpita divifa, ariflis: armatitn® Cat. p30.
Panicum ouleare, {pica mulriplici, longis ariftis Circumuallata. Tonracf. El. p 4x6,
Mofepesgy 62.8 Séotth Gralgyo. coogi ner ah !
‘The Stalk ‘or Culvaus® of ‘this rifes Rraight wp “about ‘four or: five Foot
high, being fometimes branched, and: having feveral protuberant Joints;-the
faternedium, or {pace. between them, being fix Inches in length ¢ it is as thick
as‘ones Finger; Jand is impart filled with aiwhite fpungy Subftance, at every
Joint is an® arundinaceous’ Leaf, taking‘its beginning from the Jower, and
covering the saternodium to the next Joint,“ and there ftands out a’ praffie Leaf
a Foot long; !and-an Inch broad at ’thesbeginning, whence it tapers to the
end. ‘The topor Spike is a’Foot long; and is divided into feveral Spikes, ‘a-
bout an Inch and an‘halfelong, each of which has @ great many Seeds fer =
the

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

eas

I

O7

an

NN rt
the Spike very thick clofe to one another, without any Foot Stalk, lying
ina rough, pale green Husk or Follicle, havinz.a half inch lorg Aunc,
or rough Ariffa at its end, making it look fontewhat like to the Grain of
Barley. : Makar. ? GAD

It is planted in moift Ground all over the Ifland for Provifion fot Cattle,
but grows wild, as I was inform’d, at Wazue water, or Agaaaltc inthe North
fide, and in that part of Barladoes called Scotlawd, whence the name. Aftet
its being found very ufeful in Barbados, and had been there planted for
fome timé, it was brought hither, and is now all over thecIfland in the
moifter Land by Rivers’ fides, planted atter the manner of ‘Sugar Canes, ‘by
burying the Cu/mus with aJoint, which’ ftrikées Root, and: {cldom milies to
ptofper, and to feed and fatten’ extreniely Cattle of all forts, as:welf
Cows dnd Oxen for thé Market, as Horfes and Cattle, for Teams -and
Riding. It is likely that this way of Agriculture might be ufeful’ in other
places, if rightly managed. ré les DUO" ‘ol aris

VIII. Gramen paniceum majis, [pica fitiplict levi, granis petiolis infdénpitas:
Cat. p. 30. Tab. 64. Fig. 2. | JO Hoes ove) es soRW! os

This was very like the precedent, only feemed not’ quite’ fo-largep thd
Leaves were much fhorter, being not over four Inches in‘ length,,: fromor?
beginning, wheré it was'an Inch broad, tapeting’to/ the fharp point; ‘being
ftriated “and graffie, of 4°blewith pale’ preen eolour., The Spike-at rop was
about three Inches long, made up of mafiy crooked,“ ftrong Petioli,. of abour:
an Inch long at the under part of the’Spike, but not one quarter fo much
above, fo that the Spike is pyramidal, every one of thefe Petioli grows lar,

ae La,
> pwita Fe

ger at top, and fuftains one Grain on its point, which is contained within —

two Glume {triated, and like the foregoing, only theoArife'art norfo: logy
nor the Glume rough, {eeming only to differ from one of its Spikes, in having:
along Petiolus to every Grain.

Y found it imGvanabos, “with Scotch: Grafs, or-the preceding.

1X. Gramen panictwm fpica frmplict bavi, Ruii hiffe p. 1x61) Cats p. 306: Pan
nitum vulenre hick frnplict & molliorii Tonrnef. El. poar6. Tafhupy gig v2Ace:
* T could’ not: find any difference between the Plant defcrib'dgby Mezfay
and’ this: here} therefore coficlude irto bethe famres sowie, offs eri oer talk

le grew inthe ‘Savanna, between Black River’ Bridge, and’ the Town of
St. Fazo dela Veea in great plenty. - 3 Late

OXY Gramen paniceum minimum hami flratum, {pica divisa mutica, :foliis varies.
gatis. Cat. p. 30. Tab. 64. Fig.3. An gramen ferpentarini Zeylanicum Breynt.
This hasfeveral thready’ Roots; which united fend ‘out very many two
Inches long, ‘broad Grafs Leaves, {pread on every hand} lying omthe Surface of

the Ground, and whem young; being mark’d in-fevéral places with tran{

verfe Lines or Fafcie of a brown colour, making it look very pleafant, which
When ‘the Plant grows old, or is.dry,;, are’ obliterated. Frombthefe Leaves

come many Stalks or Cy/mi, about three Inches long, confifting*df fo many:

réddifh Joints, - with a Leaf to everyone of them, the tops of which dre abour’

an Inch long, and divided into feveral {mall Spikes, of a pale'grecn colour):

made’ up' of any fhining triangular’ Seeds, of avyellowith colour, inclofed

in a pale’ green coloured Follicle or Chaff without: Aumes;: the: Seed! andi
Husk lying clofe to one another’ by the Stalk, after the mariner of the otkerc

panic graflessc! <2

*

Te grew in the Savannas about the Town of St: FagadelaWeg a;

X [. Gra

ee

108 The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 7

XI. Gramen echinatum maximum {pica rubravel alba. Cat.p. 30. An Gramen
tribuloides [picatum maximum Virginianum D. Doody. Ejufd. Almag. p.177?
<n Gramen marinum echinatum. D.Spragg. Rait hiff. p. 1928

This Grafs has feveral two or three Inch long thready Roots, fending out
feveral In.h and an half long gra{lie Leaves, of a yellowilh green colour, from
the middle of which rife up feveral fix Inches long Stalks or culmi, being
jointed ; the Joints are three quarters of an Inch dittant one from the other
at which are now and then Branches which are crooked, having Leaves, and 7
the top an Inch and a half long Spike, of little Burs, or large roundith prickly
Seeds, fometimes of a reddith, and fometimes of a green colour. The Prickles
being long, ftrong, and fharp, ftanding on rida fide, having within them
fome oblong, large, flat whitith Seeds. Of this chere are of various bigneffes.

From the Roots go fometimes reddifh, jointed Branches, on which at
the Joints grow tufts of {maller Leaves, very thick {et alternatively making
this part of the Grafs creeping, have a different Face from the other erect.
I{uppofed this to have given occafion to Dr. Péwkenct to mention and grave
it twice, as I have taken notice in my Catalogue p. 30. So that for ought
1 know thefe Graffes may be the fame, notwithftanding what is {aid by the
Doctor in his Mantiff. p. 96.

This is not properly an aculeated GrafS, becaufe the Leaves are no
wtriculus, noc aculeated as thar of /taly, but ic has echinated Burs, as the
echinatum, with feveral Seeds in them.

It grows in all Plantations at all times, when there are Rains, as well in
Famaica as the Caribbees.

It is very troublefome to Travellers on Foot, thefe fmall Burrs or echi-
nated Seeds, fticking clofe to their Garments, ¢fpecially their Stockings, and
pricking their Legs.

XII. Gramen maritimum echinatum procumbens tulmo longiori & {picis ftrigo-
froritus. Cat. p. 30. Tab. 65. Fig. 1.

This had a fibrous Root, fending out many trailing, round, yellowith,
crooked jointed Culmi, or Stalks, about a Foot and a half long, the Joints
being an Ingh and an half diftant one from the other, at cach of which is a
Leaf inclofing the isternodiam to the next Joint, as with a Sheath, being two
or three Inches long ; likewife green colour'd, harfh, fomething like the Cy-
perus Graffes. At the top ftandsan Inch and an half long Spike, fet round ata
fhort interval from one another, with leffer {mall Burs, or roundifh echinated
Seeds, having on every fide of them feveral firong, tharp Pricles, being
firft green, then of a Straw colour.

It grew ona fmall Ifland, called Gus Cayos, off of Port-Royal Harbour.

The largenefs of the former feems to make it rathet be the Gramen tritu-
loides [picatum maximum Virginianum, D. Doody, than this here defcribed, not-
withftanding what Dr. Plukenet faysin his Maatiff. p. 96.

XII. Arunde faccharifera, CB. Cat. p. 31. Tab.66. de Bonten. p.82. de Biet,
Pp. 336. de Marini, p.58. de Feynes, p. 160. & 166, de Rochef. Tall. p. 58-
Canna, Saccharina de Nienhcf. p.89. Azucar de Efquemeling, p. 58. Fare
de Flacourt, p. 120.

This has a jointed Root with many Fibers, as other Recds, fending up an
ufually eight or nine Foot long jointed folid Calamus, Culmus, or Stalk as big as
ones Thumb, or fometimes Wrift, according to the Ground in which it grows's
the Joints are fometimes farther diftant from, and fometimes nearer one ane-
ther, gencrally abour four Inches long: the outfide of the Calamus is of a

yellowifh green colour, fmooth, fhining, and within is a white Fungous, Sn
ratner

—

The Natural Firflory of Jamaica. vers

rather fibrous {weet juicy Pith. The Leaves, by their Foot-Stalks, or under
parts, inclofe the Calamus or Internodia, and are broad, ofa lively yellowith
green colour, flriated, and like the others of this kind, or thofe of Dovax.
At the top of the Stalk comes the Panicle, which is about two or three
Foot long, being branch’d from the bottom to the top, into many Spikes or
Branches about a Foot long, each of which is fubdivided into fmaller
Twigs, which are jointed, eafily broken, having at every Joint alternatively
the Stamina and Seed, whichare very fmall, and a great quantity of Down,
or Zomentum, after the manner of other the Canes, only in this the Zomentum
{ticks to the outfide of the Locuffe, as at their Bafe, whereas in the others’tis
containd within them.

Sugar making is fo commonly known, and its Refining, that I fhall fay
nothing of it, fave that Sugar is the Juice of the Cane boild into a Salt by the
help of what the Sugar-Makers call Temper.

I tried to Boil the Sugar-Cane Juice, without any mixture, to Sugar, but
it would not coagulate, kern, or granulate into the form of Sugar, becaufe it
wanted what they, in the making Sugar, call Temper, which is made of an
infufion of Wood-Athes and Quick-Lime, and which muft differ in quan-
tity according to the Soil in which the Canes grow.

Thefe Canes are planted in all the Lowlands of this Ifland, and never mifs
to thrive if placed where there is Rain, and the Soil richand moitt. They
feldom thrive or are good if planted on Hills, or in thofe Valleys where
Rain feldom falls. Martyr tells us that, when he wrote, the Sugar-Canes
in /ifpaniola thrive extremely, growing as big as ones Wrift, high as a Man,
and putting twenty or thirty Stalks from the fame Root, whereas thofe of
Falentia had only five or fix, fo that in the year 1518. there were twenty
eight Sugar-Works there.

XIV. Arundo maxima folio dentato. Cat. p. 32. Rofeayx de Bouton, p. 32 ?
The*wild Cane.

This rifes co fifteen Foot high, it has a Stemor Culmus, about the thick-
nefs of ones Arm; being hollow, hard, and haying very frequent Joints, at
every Joint having a Partition or Déaphragme, it is covered with a Clay
coloured Skin, and remainders of the dry Leaves: it has at the Joints
very long, narrow, fmall, dark green Leaves, like others of the Reeds,
being very thick fet with Indentures, or Prickles on its Margin, making it
rough downwards. At fome.of the Joints, now and then, come out Branches
two or three Footlong, be fet with leffer Leaves than the former ; and fome-
times there are Tufts of f{maller, and narrower Leaves come out together at
the top, making a large Bunch, and upon the top of it isa Joint as {mall as
ones Finger, f{traight, Clay coloured, f{mooth, and full of Pith, holding a
two Foot long chaflie or downy Panicle, (like other of the Reeds,) whereof
all the Spikes look one way.

It grows on all fides of the Rio Cobre, and in Marfhy Grounds.

The Cane, fplit, is made ufe of for Laths, and to make up the walls or
fides of Houfes with Mortar. :

_ The tender tops of thefe Canes are cut into tranfyerfé flices pickled, and
made ufe of as other Pickles, asthe Bambo’s in Ea/t-Zndia are with affa fetida,
Salt, Vinegar, and Garlick Pickle.

Marcgrave {ays it was made ule of in Brafile, when made hollow, viz.
clear'd of its Diaphragmes, to.carry water for Travellers.

I am apt to belicve Marcgrave defcribed this twice in his third Page,
under the name of Fataboca, and immediately after under the name of Uyba.
For this Plant, moft part of the year, hasno Panicle, and then appears as
the Fataboca, having {everal Branches with Tufts of fmall Leaves, but no

Sf Panicle,

110 © The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

Panicle, which ic having another time of the year, may be his Uieba or A-
yundo Sagittaria, but if his Defcriptions or Figures were more exact, One
could tell better what to fay to them.

Indians make Arrows of them. Benz.

Du Terrtewas miflaken in giving this the name cf Rofeaux d’ E(pague. Sa-
vages, who are pox’d, ufe to rub themfelves over with the Afhes of this
Reed to cure their Difeafe.

The Patagons make their Atrows of Reeds, an Ell long, with Heads very
artificially framed of Flint-Stone. Hakl. p.3- p.751. but { belicve they differ
from thele made of this Reed.

XV, Arundo alta gracilis, foliis @ viridi ceruleis, locuftis minorilus. Cat.
?.33. Tab.67. "The Trumpet Reed.

This puts forth Rocts from every Joint, and ferids up Stalks, or Cul-
mi, they are round, hollow, jointed at every two Inches diftfance; of a
Clay Colour, and about the bignefS of ones little Finger. The Leaves
come from the Joints. Their Foot-Stalks, or under part, covers the
whole Zxternodium, and the Leaf rifes at the upper Joint where ‘tis near
ha'f an Inch broad, and tapers for more than a Foot in length, where it
ends in a Point of a blewith green colour. The Stalks rife fourteen or
fifteen Foot high, the top is a Panicle of a Foot long, branch’d out into ma-
ny rough Spikes, being a Foot long, ftanding like thofe of other Reeds,
and containing, in a downy Matter, within Chaff, the Seed, {carce dif-
cernible, plac’d rarely on it, here and there of a light brown colour, in
every thing like thofe of the other Reeds.

They grow going to the Laguna above the Ferry, and in the Laguma
neat Paflaze Fort very Plentifully.

XVI. Gramen dattylon bicorne tomentofum minus. Cat. p.33.. Tab. 68. Fig. 2.

This has feveral long, ftrong, white, crooked Threads at bottom, to draw
its Nourifhment, from whence rife af harfh, narrow, nine Inch long
Leaves, having fharp Backs like the Cyperus Grafles, and being reddifh
when dry. From the middle of thefe rife feveral Culmi, or Stalks having
about three Joints, being a Foot and an half high, fwell'd at each Joint, and
having there Leaves {welling and covering the Stalk a little way, out of the
Ala of which rifes, as out of an atriculus (after the manner of Gramen dactye
lon Siculum, évc. Rati) afmall Pediculus, or Culmus, whofe Panicle is made up
of two Spikes, ftanding onthe top like a pair of Horns, as the other forts
of this Gramen dactylon bicorne, only they are fhorter, being not over three
quarters of an Inch long, having very much long. foft very white Hair, or
Tomentum, much finer and fofter than Cotton.

It grows on Palmetto Savanna, towards Sir Francis Watfons by feven
Plantations, on Lime-Tree Savanna very plentifully, and on a Savanna by
Mr, Batcheler’s Plantation going towards Black River, though rarely.

XVII. Gramen dactylon fpicis brevibus crafis plerumqne quatuor cruciformiter
difpofitis. Cat. p. 33. An Gramen ifchemon Malabaricum {peciofins, longioribns,
> mucronatis folits Plukenet. Phyt. Tab, 300. Fig.? Alm. p.175? Mantiff.
P. 94- a
It has a creeping Root, hoary Leaves, a Span long jointed Stalk, and at
the top four Spikes, for the moft part, each of which is thicker and fhorter
than any other of this Kind, being but half an Inch long, fometimes of a
reddifh, and fometimes of'a white Colour, fet crofS ways, and in every
thing agreeing with Alpinus’s Cut and Defcription, fo that J doubt not but
that ‘tis exactly the fame. EB

Tr

pd

The Natural Fiiflory of Jamaica. ij

ae

It has fometimes five or fix Spikes, or three, fo that [ doubt whether ir
may not be the famie with Veflingius’ss gr: Stellat. ABeypt:

Ir grows every where by the Way fides, and in the Sevanras,

The Root and whole Plant are boiled, and the Decoétion ufed in difficulty
of making Water, the Stone, Womens Obftruciions, exc. Bont. oo

The Seeds are very much ufed by thofe troubled with the Stone in their
Bladders or Kidnies. The decoction of the Roots is ufed by thofe who are
taken with the Small-pox and Meafles, or fuffer Obftructions of the Menfes.
A Decoction of the Seeds, fomewhat bruifed, are good for the Petechie, and
the whole Plant, efpecially the Roots, are ufeful in Wounds and Ulcers. The
Root is cold and dry, and of fubtle parts, and therefore its Decoétion ig
ufed to promote Sweat. Alp.

XVIIN. Gramen dactylon elatius {pices plurimis tomentofis. Cat. p.33: Tab. 65.
Fig. 2. An Gramen dattylum Indicum fpicis villofts fubrubefcentitus. Bob. hifts
Ox. fart. 3. f. 185 ? | a

This has a very ftrong fibrous Root, broad Leaves of a pale yellowifh
green Colour, like thofe of Oats. The Culmus or Stalk is knotted, rifing
three Foot high, at the uppermoft Joint it is divided fometimes into two tops,
the one being in Flower, the other not. Several Spikes,viz. four, five or feven,
come from the fame top or Centre, all hanging downwards, each is four
Inches long, and very hairy, downy or woolly. This ftands above moft o«
ther Grafles in the Savannas. “ iD ve }

It grows in the Savanna by two Mile Wood, and moft other Plains, very
plentifully. OREN ae : 8

It is very certain that this is different from the Gramen digitatum hir{utume
7. B. which Dr. Plukenet thinks may be the fame with it, in his Maztiff

p> , loi

XIX. Gramen dactylon procumbens; craffum G viridius; culmo reclinate, Cate
p.33- Dutch Grafs. 2

This Grafs has a fibrous Root, from which: {pring feveral very green
Leaves and Stalks, as: froma Centre, both lying along on every fide on the
Surface of the Ground. The Stalk is one Foot long, the Spikes, at top,
ufually three or four very green, broad, and large, all coming from the top
of the Stalk. “; ,

It grows by Highway fides .in low Grounds in Jamaica, as well as
Barbados.

It is efteemed the beft fatning and feeding Grafs for Cattle.

This bruifed in the Mouth, orchaw’d, and put to ableeding Wound, ftops
the Hemorhage. 1 faw once a Black flop a bleeding Artery with it, which
Sympathetic Powder, and other Adftringent Medicines would not do.

XX. Gramen dactylon fpicis gracilioribus plermmaque quatuor cruciformiter difpo«
itis. Cat. p. 33- Tab.68. Fig. 3. 8 30 ae

This has a deep fibrous Root, {hort and. narrow Leaves, a jointed, crooked,
flender, white Foor and an half long Stalk, bearing for tlie moft part at top

four white flender Spikes, ftanding crofs ways, though fometimes they are
three, fix, or five in number. On. them fland fevyeral Seeds contained in

two ear d. Husks. | ,
This is the moft ordinary Grafs inthe Savannas. Its Stalks are there ree

maining dry moft part of the year. » 3 } |
This is rai dadfereok from the precedent Grafs wich Dr. Plukenet cor

jeCtures in-his Mantifja. p94. to-be the fame with it. RE Grae

—s

112 Ihe Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

XXI. Gramen dactylon bicorne repens, folizs latis brevibus. Cat. p.33. Gramen
dattylum repens Indicum {pica gemella Bob. hift. Ox. part. 3. p. 185.

This Gra{$ has a jointed Root, creeping, and ftriking fibers from the
Joints of the Root, as well as Stalk, where it touches the Ground, like the
Caninum repens. \t hasbroad and {hort Leaves. The Stalk is aFoot long, at
its end having two Spikes ftanding oppofite to one another, which are made
up of feveral {mall flar Seeds, lying zmbricatim one on another the length
of the Spikes, and of this there is a variety, the Spikes of fome being much
groffer than others.

It grows in moift low Grounds or Paftures in Famaica, and moft of the
Caribves.

XXII. Gramen dattylon bicorne fpicis purparafcentitus majus. Cat. p.34. Tab,
65. Fig. 3.

This has a crooked repent Stem, the Grafs broad and fhort, the Stalk
fourteen Inches high, the Spikes, always two, ftanding not fo horizontal,
but more towards a perpendicular than the precedent, like a pair of Horns,
with many purple or blackifh Stamina on them.

It grows in Holes and Places, where water has ftood in the Savannas.

This is not the Gramen parvum Gangeticum, Gc. Plukenet. Phyt. Tab. gt.
Fiz.6. as he conjectures in his Manti{[a, p. 93. This appears by comparing
the Figures of his and this.

XXIII. Gramen dactylon bicorne [picis purpurafcentibus minus. Cat. p.34. Tab.
68. Fig. 1.

It is in every thing like the immediately precedent, only in every refpect
{maller, and ufually grows in the fame places.

XXIV. Gramen dactylon bicorne minimum ariftis longis armatum, Cat. p. 34.
Tab. 69. Fig. 1.

This has feveral very {mall white fibrils for Roots, from which rife very ma-
ny very {mall, narrow, capillary, pale green Leaves, about an Inch long. From
the middle of thefe rife very {mall jointed round Stalks or Cw/mi, about
two or three Inches high, having fo many Joints, each foint having a Leaf.
At the top ftands its Panicle, divided into two Spikes, like two Horns,
three quarters of Inch long, having a few Seeds, each of which has two
long Arifte or Awns.

I found it ina fmall Wood near the Banks of Rio-Cobre, below the Town
on the fame fide of the River. -

XXV. Gramen daétylon majus, pannicula longa, {picis plurimis nudis crafis.
Cat. p. 34. Tab. 69. Fig. 2.

This has feveral fibrous Roots from which rife many Leaves, inclofing the
Stalk, and one another of each fide with a hard fharp edge or back, being
about a Foot long, very green, and fomething like the Cyperus Grafies.
From the middle of thefé (being very many of thefe Leaves together,
making a great Tuft) rifes feveral three or four Foot long, folid Stalks
or Culmi, as big asa Hens Quill, having fo many Joints, and at every Joint
a Leaf like the others below. The Panicle is a Foot long, towards and at
thé top divided into many fmall, three or four Inch long Spikes, not only
at top but below it. Each of thefe has two rows of fimall, roundifh, com-
prefsd Grains, lying one way (the Back of the Spike being naked) im-
bricatim one over another, each of which contains within a pale green, -
reddifht

"The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 113

ad

reddifh Husk, or Follicle, a comprefsd, roundifh, pale, yellow, thining
Seed.

It grows in the Savannas near Mr. Batchelor's Houfe very plentifully.

XXVI. Gramen dactylon, alopecuroidis facie, pannicula longifima é fpicis plu-
rimis tomentofis conftante. Cat. p.3: Tab. 70. Fig. 4. i.

This rifes to about four Foot high by a jointed Culmus, whofe Leaves are
graflie, of about aFoot long, with a proportionable breadth. At top it has
a Panicle appearing to be a Spike of about a Foot long, it is made up of
many Spikes, fome of them upwards of an Inch long, rifing from all fides of
the Stalk, or top of the Cw/mus, clofe by one another, having very {mall
whitith Locufte oneach fide with a great quantity of white, long, foft Down,
or Zomentum, making it appear fomething like a Fox-Tail-Graf{s, ifone look
not very narrowly into its manner ef growing. |

It grew in Mrs Gays Plantation in the open Ground at Gwanaboa, by her
Plantain. Walk. |

Dr. Plukenet in his Mantiff. p.95. queftions if this be not.the Gramen digi=
tatum hir[utum. }..B. with how much Reafon any body may fee. I think I
had fome Reafon from the Title of that of Dr. Herman to Judge it.to be
that defcribed by him, though he, who knows. nothing of it, {ays I, did. it
incpte. ee ee nO aff
XXVIL Gramen dactylon pannicula longa, ¢ [picts, plurimis.,gracilioribus pare
puress vel viridibus mollibus conftante. Cat. p,34.\Tab. 70. Fig.2%

This has feveral fibrils for its Root, from whence rifes a crooked Stalk or
Culmus, about a Foot high, made up of three or four Joints, each havin
a three or four Inch long graffie Leaf, covering the istertodia of the Stalk;
which at about fix Inches from the Root is divided into many flender Spikes,
making a fix Inches long Panicle. Tlie Spikes ftand out on every fide of the
Culmus, towards and at the top, at fome {mall.diftance from one another,
each of them being about two Inches long, very flender, foft, purple, or
green, and made up of feveral naked Grains, or Chaff (/ocufte) fet to it by
Tufts alternatively, firft on one fide, then on another. —

It grew in Mr. Batchelor’s Plantation near the red Hills.

This can not be the Gramen I[chamon Virginianum, numerofis fpicis, Cc.
Pluken. Alm. p.475. Which Dr. Plukenct conjectures may be the fame, in
his Mantiff. p. 94. this having neither black fpots, nor hirfute or undulated
Leaves.

XXVIII. Gramen dactylon, pannicula longa, [picis plurimis gracilioribus ‘on
longis, Cat. p. 34. Tab. 70. Fig. 3. |

This has a fibrous Root, many Stalks a Foot and a half long. Its Spikes
at top are many very {mall, or flender and long, the Panicle being divided
into Spikes before it comes to the top of the Stalk.

It grows every where in the Savanzas, | | ae :
This is not the Gramen I[cheamon Virginianum numerofs [picis, Orc. F lukenet,
Alm, p.175. having neither hirfuted, fpotted, nor undulated Leaves, as he
fays it has, vid. Maati{]. p. 94. -

XXIX. Gramini tremulo affine, panhiculatum elezans majus, {picis minoribus &
longioribus. Cat. p. 34. Tab. 71. Fig. 1.

This has a fibrous Root, from whence rifes a round, pale, green, folid
Stalk or Culmus, about a Foot and a half high, having Leaves nine Inches
long at bgrtom, incompafling the Stalk. The Panicle is fix Inches long, the
top of the Cu/mms being branch’d out into feveral Branches, on which are fer

G ¢ feveral

114 The Natural Hiftory of ‘Jamaica.

feveral very fmall, long, comprefsd Spikes, by fmall Stalks or Strings, after
the manner of Gramen tremulum, only the Perioli are {tronger, fo as not te
quake. Each of them are made up of very many finall Glame, Scales, or
Chaff fer in a double row, being fometimes white, and {ometimes purple.

J found it in the inland parts of the Hland.

By the Figure of that Graf mentioned by Dr. Plukemct Alm. p.176. and
called Gramen amoris India orientalis, panicula fparfa, Ge. figured Phyt. Tab.
190. Fig. 3. compared with the Defcription and Figure of this, ‘tis plain
this, and that mentioned by him are two Plants contrary to what he con-

jectures in his Mantiff.p. 95. |

XXX. Gramini tremulo affine, paniculatum elegans minimum. Cat. p. 34. Tab.
a1. Fig. 2. An Gramen paniculatum ex oris Malabaricis panicula delicatiore
Plukenet. Phyt. Tab. 300. Fig.2u? Gramen Famaicenfe noftrati pratenfi Hole pa-
nicula compactiore. Bjufd. Alm. p..176. Gramini pratenft minori fimile Curaffa-
vicum panicula {peciofa. D. Sherard. ib? Gramen paniculis elegantifimis minimum.
Tonrnef. Inft.p. xi? :

This has a great many white thready Roods, and many very {mall,
narrow, pale green, alittle rough Leaves, a Calamus or Stalk about three or
four Inches long, having fo many Joints, and at every Joint.a Leaf, inclofing
the Stalk. Near the top the Stalk is divided into feveral Foot-Stalks ftand-
ing {parfe on every hand, and fuftaining feveral {mall, white, chafhte Spikes,
made up of very fimall, white, fcaly Chaff, comprefs’d, lying on one ano-
ther in a double.row, very elegantly, after the manner of Gramen tremulum,
but having its Petfol? foftrong as not to quake. td ie

‘Tt grows very plentifully in the Savanna, by the Town of St. Fago de la
Veea. Dyan ot HOE |

This only feems lefler than the 7/ampallu, 7. M. but differs from the Gra-
men amoris alterum paniculis ftrigoferibus magifque Sparfis. Raii Cat. pl. exter.
not being the fame with it, as Dr. Plukemet conjectures in his Mantiffz,

P: 95:

XXXE. Gramen miliacenm, [ylvaticum, maximum, femine albe. Cat. p.34. Tab.
M1. Fig, 2.

This has a Culmus or Stalk, feveral Feet long, flender and weak, not able
to fupport its felf withour being fuftained by leaning on neighbouring
Trees and Shrubs, amongft which it grows. It is hollow, jointed, and
branched at the Joints, every Joint having a Leaf about three Inches long,
and three quarters of an Inch broad in the middle where broadeft being ftri-
ated, and of a yellowifh green colour. At the top of the Branches is a
Panicle, made up of feveral Branches which have crooked Peticli, on the
ends of which is a white, fhining, roundifh Seed, on one fide flat, ‘on the
other roundith as big as a large Pins Head, lying in a purplifh naked Husk,
opening like the other Millets. |

It grows in moft of the Woods of this Ifland, and thofe of the Cu-
vibes. |
By the Defcription and Figure of this, “tis plainly different from the Gra-
men Miliacenm latiori folio Madera{patanum, Plukenct. Alm. p.176- Phyt. Tab.
189. Fig. 4. which is contrary to the conjecture of that Author in his Mantiff

ae aes

XXXII. Gramen miliaceam majus, panicula minus (para, locuftis minimis. Cat.
2°34. Tab. 72. Fig. |
The Panicle of this Grafs was about fix Inches long, made up of feveral

Spikes, which lay fo clofe to the Cu/mus, and were, efpecially at top, fo fhort
that

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 115

that the Panicle was not fparfe, but fet almoft like a Spike, in fo much that
i took it for a Panic Grafs. The Seeds wete very {mall, oblong, com-
prefled of a whitifh colour, and fhining, lying in two white Membranes or
Locafte, which were covered with two green ones, both very {mall Foor-
Stalks, as others of this Kind. The upper Joint. of the Culms was very
long, and I believe the GrafS very large, although I remember neither its
Leaves nor joints. | i

I do not remembet the particular place of ‘its prowth, but think I found
it in Famaica. ths SASRARGL te ts

Dr: Plakenet thinks chat this Plant may be his Gramen Mihacenm Americanum
wetjus pantcula minore. Alm. p.176. Phyt. Tab.9o. Pig. 7. or that this laft re-
cited Plant may be my next following Grafs; but he is ftrangely miftaken,
for there is no refemblance, as-any one may fee ‘by their Figures and De-
{criptions. | See his Mantiff. p. 95. ~ "9D AYO

XXXL Gramen wiliacenm, panicnla viridi, vel purpurea. Cat: p34. Tab.72.
Tas ae ass : 3
| This Grak has a jointed Stalk a Foot long, did Leaves, the under pare
whereof ‘enclofes the Stalk, which is rough, ‘nine Inches: long, one’ broad
near the Stalk, where broadeft, and whence it decreafes to thé ehd;being, to-
wards atid at the top, rough, hdvirig a Panicle about three Inches long,
made of {everal two ot three Inch‘long purple, or green Spikes, ftanding fparfe
after the manner of millet on every hand. Each of thefe “is made up of a
great many roundiih, naked, purplé;‘‘or green “Ldcuffe, si: tothe Spike
by a {mall petiolus, having a very ‘fmall Graiffor Seed, within a Follicle,
like that of Millet. ae yes : 3

It grows in clayie moift Grounds in feveral Plantations.
ety b
XXXIV. Gramen miliacenm viride foliis latis brevibus, panicula. capillacea,
feming albo. Cat. p.35. Tab. 72. Fig. 3. OLS Sst: ¥ Wily AMAT

This has feyeral Fibers for a Root, fhooting forth a very frequently jointed,
and fometimes brariched'Culmss, ot Stalk, one Foot and a half high. Every
Joint has one’ Leafithe underpart of which covets part of the next. /nternodinm,
is rough, and of a pale preea colour; the other-is about ‘an Inch or more
long, and half as broad, of a véry°green colour, and’ hairy on the edges.
The Panicle is atrop ‘three Inches: long, ‘fiiade up'of feveral Spikes. or
Branches, on which‘are fet, by ‘very fmall, long, Petiol/, no bigger than
Hairs: the Seed being very fmall, roundifh, white, and lodged in green
Chaff like other the Millets.

It grew in the Woods that were dry and fhady.

XXXV. Gramen pratenfe panicula ce foliis anguftiffimis, [plcis brevibus muticis
locuftis minimis. Cat. p.35. Tab. 73. Fig. 1. 7

This Grafs has many {mall, thready, white, and capillary Roots, which
being join’d together makes a great Tuft, and fend forth a great many ‘five
Inches long, narrow, or almoft round Leaves, being dry, and of a pale
green colour. Amongft thefe comes up the Stalks, round; folid, hard,
fmooth, one Foot anda half -high, of a clay colour, having {mall Leavesto
nine Inches high, whence it is a very narrow Panicle, being divided into
many three quarters of an Inch long Branches, fometimes black, and fome-
times gray, having feveral fmall, oblong, reddifh Seed, in a gray, or black,
naked Husk, both Seed, and it, being fo fimall, as fcarce difcernible to the

naked Eye,

oo

ee

116 The Natural Hifory of Jamaica,

It grows in moft Savannas, particularly, in great abunda
River Bridge, beyond two Mile Wood, on a left Haro enWacds, Black
ing thither. g

It has very {mall nourifhment, notwithftanding which Cattle eat itin dry
and {carce times, when they grow very big in their Paunches with the great
quantity of this GrafS, not being {atisfied with lictle.

XXXVI. Gramen avenaceum fylvaticum, foliis latiffimis, locuftis lonzis non gu
riftatis, glumis (padiceis. Cat. p. 35. Tab.73. Fig.2. Wild Oats. :

This Grafs has a great many three or four Inches long Filaments, with
lateral Hairs or Fibrils, by which it draws its Nourifhment, which being
united in a roundifh Root, fend forth feveral Leaves incompaffing the Stalk
and one another by their under parts, or Foot-Stalks, which are {triated, of
a light brown colour, and about nine Inches long. The other part of the
Leaf, leaving the Stalk, the higher it is, is the larger, thofe uppermoft be-
ing ffx Inches long, and two broad, beginning narrow, by degrees: growing
larger, and ending ina point, being ftriated, thin, hard, rough and graffie,
with a middle Rib, eminent on the back fide. The Stalk is about a Foor
anda half high, having below two very fhort Joints, is branched out abour
a Foot from the Ground into feveral Branches, whofe Twigs have feveral
half Inch long naked Lecu/fe, fticking to them alternatively without. Petioli,
haying a blackifh Chaff or Glwma, in which is a long roul’d up Membrane,
looking like,Oats or Corn. ,,.°
_» It grows every: wherein,the inland high fhady Woods.

Tt is thought to be,the,moft nourifhing and fatning Grafs. for Cattle in
the whole Ifland, and is counted as good for that purpofe as Oats...
SSK: sve) ob abnpo:D Dom sivsl pieyrore-

XXXVII. Cyperus longus odoratus, panicula [parfa, fpicis ferigoforibus viridi-
(f bus. Cat.p. 35. Tab.84. Fig.1.. An Acoras:Brafilienfis aromaticus minor, Ca-
7 picatinga, aliis Facare catinga Pifonis. Bob. hift.Ox. part: 3. p. 246 ?

This had a long, roundifh, frequently jointed Root, reddifh on its ott-
fide, and whitifh within, very odoriferous, creeping under the Surface of
the Ground, and making a large Turfe or Tuft, from whence rife up many
Leaves triangular, carinated, with an eminent fharp cutting back, of a very
dark green colour, larger, but otherwife in fhape, cc. exactly the fame with
the others of this Kind. From among thefe Leaves rifes feveral triangulae
folid,-dark green, firiated Stalks, two or three Foot high, having a rufhy Pith,
and.at its top feveral fmaller Leaves, but of the fame fhape with thofe.ar
bottom, ftanding under the Panicle, which is very ‘{parfe, having, befides
fome fhorter Spikes, a great many. ftanding on Foot-Stalks, above fmall
Leaves, fome whereof are a Foot high; each of the Spikes being long,
very fimall, roundith, of a pale green colour, made up of feveral green
Scales, between which, and the Stalk, lies the Seed, which is oblong, and
of a pale ycllowifh colour. ee

It.grows by the Rivers fides in Famaica, and moft of the Caribes.. «_.

If it be Pifo’s Capicatinga, he tells us, it is not only given by its felf, or
mixt with other things to cut cold peccant humours, but is likewife ufed
againft Poyfons, whence may be gathered that ‘tis hot intenfly, and of a thin

confiftence.

XXXVIII. Cyperus rotundns, panicula [parfa, fpicis firigofis ferrugineis. Cat.
p. 35. Tab. 74. Fig. 2. |

This had a round tuberous Root, as big as a large Hafel Nut, having —
many fibers at its bottom, of about an Inch long. It is of a folid {ubflance,

within odoriferous, and aromatick to fmell and taft. “Tis covered over ae
feyera

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

117

feveral red, dry Membranes, and has foft triangular graffie Leaves, about one
Foot and an half long, like others of this Kind. At its Root, from the mid-
dle of thefe Leaves rifesa Foot, or a Foot and an half high, folid, Stalk, trian-
gular, and filled witha rufhy, fpungy Pith. At its top ftand three or four
Leaves, which are foft and graffie, asthe others, of about fix Inches long and
ghorter ; dbove which. come feveral fized Petioli, fuftaining many long ferrugi-
neous Spikes, {landing out {parfe on every hand, cach being long, round, flen-
der, and containing between the Scalcs many oblong, whicith, cornered
Seeds, making in all a very elegant Head. ee |

It grew near Bridge Town in Barbados, and in the Marfhes by the 2éo-
Cobre, above the Ferry, towards the frefh water Laguna plentifully. |

However rude the Labour or Travel in Childbed of the Savages is, the
Powder of this, of the weight of a Crown taken in White-Wine, makes them
be {peedily delivered. Zertre. Rochef.

XXXIX. Cyperus, panicula maxime fpar{s, ferraginea compref[a, elegantiffina.
Cat. p. 35. Lab. 75. Fig.s. An Cyperus Americanus panicu'a aurea maxima.
Tournef. Inf. p. 527 ?

This had fome few dark brown, or reddifh Roots, fending up fome two,
or three Foot and an half long Leaves, inclofingthe Scalk, and one another,
below, very narrow, or almoft round above, ftriated, and having a Pith like
Rufhes. Fromthefe Leaves rife.a blunt three cornered Stalk, folid, not joint-
ed, filled witha rufhy Pith, two Foot and an half high. Ac the top ftands
two or three Leaves, (one whereof isa Foot long) under the Panicle, which
is very fparfe and elegant, made up of a great many Spikes, {landing on the
tops of three or four Inches long Foot-Stalks, fome on none, and others, of
all intermediate lengths, which fend out round them other fimaller Petioli,
making it proliferous, cach Spike being comprefs'd, broad, one third part
of an Inch long, made up of two rows of ferrugineous Scales, one of each
fide, being plac’d one over another, in cach of, which lics a black three
cornered Sced. | hs

It grew in the Sea Marfhes near the landing:place at Mr. De /a Crees in
Liguanee. ,

The Defcription and Figure of this Cyperus, make it plainly different
from the Gramza cyperoides Maderafpatanum: panicula wagis,fparfa c& {peciofa.
Plukenet. Alm. p. 179, Phyt. Tab. 192. Fig. 2. though Dr. Plukenet in his
Mantiffa,p.97. thinks it may be the fame.

XL, Cyperus rotundus gramineus fere inodorus, punicula fparfa comprefa
viridi, Cat. p. 35. Tab.76. Fig. 1.

This has one round reddifh Tuber, fmelling not very much. ’Tis as
largeas a Pea, and white within. It is join’d to the other Roots by a {mall
Fibril, which with other Fibrils united in an oblong Root, fend out feveral
five Inches long, blewith, green, graflie Leaves, inclofing the Stalk, and one
another at bottom. In the middle of thefe Leaves comes a triangular four
or five Inches long, not jointed, Stalk. The Top, or Panicle of this Grafs
is divided into feveral Inch long Foot-Stalks or Petioli,.on cvery fide where-
of, as well as at the top of the Stalk, are {mall fcaly, reddifh green, one
quarter of an Inch long Spikes, made up of two rows of green Scales, and
all inclofed by three or four:Inch long graflie Leaves, ftanJing round the
top of the Plant under the Panicle very much refembling the Gramen pul-
chrum parvum panicula lata compreffa. J.B.

It grows in the fandy places of the Street of the Town of St. Fuge de Is
Vega, after Rain, and in the fandy places of the Town Savanna.

Hh One

—

118 The Natural Fhftory of Jamaica.

One would wonder how Br. Plukenet fhould come to think, in his Man-
tif]a, p.62. that this Plant might be the Cyperus rotundus littoreus inodorus, J, B.
when their Figures and Defcriptions are fo vaftly differing.

XLI. Gramen cyperoides majus aquaticum, paniculis plurimis junceis [parfts, [pie
cis ex oblongo rotundis (padicets. Cat p.36. Tab. 76. Fig...

This has a jointed Stem five Foot high, about the bignefS of ones little
Finger, being triangular, folid, gray, and each Joint, diftant one from the
other, four or five Inches. The Joint has always a Tuft of green Leaves, a great
many together {pring out alternatively, fome two or three Foot long, others
fhorter, triangular, all being very green, ferrated, and extremely cutting. The
Panicles come out alternatively towards the top, at one Inches diftance,
ftanding on fix Inches long Foot-Stalks, which are folid, and triangular,
and at their ends have two clay coloured Membranes or Leaves, whole un-
der part is as an wtriculus, from which goes out the Panicle, or many longer,
and thorter /etioli; at the ends of which ftands one Spike, and round them,
on other fhorter Petioli, others, each of which is roundith, oblong, blackifh,
or dark rufty coloured, made up of many Scales, lying round, over one a-
nother, after the manner of others of this Kind.

It grew in the Frefh-Water River, above the Ferry going up to the Laguna
near Caymanes.

Dr. Plukenet in his Mantif[a, p.98. thinks that this Grafs may be the fame
with his Gramen Cyperoides Maderafpatanum, caule compref[o, {par(a panicula
junci Alm. p. 179. Tab.192. Fig. 5. This differs from it in the Stalks, be-
ing not compreffled, but triangular, and ‘in feveral- other obvious diffe.
rences. Oe & A Sf |

XLII. Gramen cyperoides {ybvaticum maximum geniculatum alperins, femine mi-
lit fol. Cat.p. 36. Tab. 77; Fig. &.

This ftrange Cyperus Grafs, has a flender jointed Stalk, rifing to about
fifteen Foot high, growing amongft the Bufhes, and being fupported by
their help, though not ‘turning round them. The Stalk is triangular,
having three fharp, very rough edges, and a round hollow between them,
like a three cornered Sword-Blade, and being of a very dark green colour,
having here and there, at thé Joints, Branches, which have Leaves at their
Joints, being about a Foot long, narrow, having an eminent back, and be-
ing of a dark green colour, and withal much rougher than any of the other
Cyperus Grafles, by the means of feveral {mall A/perities or Teeth on. its
edges. Ex alis foliorum rife {mall triangular’three Inches’ long Petiol7, on
the top of which are Spikes about three quarters of an Inch long, on
which alternatively grow threé’or four {mall blackifh Locufte or chaflie
Heads. In each of thefe, between two black ¢lime, comes a roundifh, large,
whitifh coloured Seed, like that of Gromel, a {mall Pearl, or that Barley,
very much decorticated, call’d Pearl Barley. ©

It grew in Mfoneque Savanna, among the Trees.

*Tis evident this is not the Gramen janceum elatins, pericarpiis ovatis Ame-
vicanum, Pluken. Alm p.179. Phyt. Tab. 92.:Fig. 9. which Dr. Plukenet in
his Mantifja, p. 98. thinks may be the fame with it.

XL. Gramen cyperoides majns, [picis ex oblongo rolundis, compattis ferrugi-

neis. Cat. p. 36, Tab77. Fig.2. ©
_This has a fibrous, reddifh, brown Root, exactly like thofe of a Rufh;
the Leaves, and under part of the Stalk being covered with dry, reddifh,
foliaceous Sheaths, like them. The Leaves inclofe the Stalk, by their under
part, which is three Inches long, being ufually two in number, and about three
| Inches:

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. 11 9

—————<$<—

Inches long the longeft ; very narrow, foft, and of a very green colour... The
Stalk is cornered, firiated, compreffed, two Foot long, on the top of which
{tand above two or three very fmall, and fhort Leaves, three or four ob-
long, round, compacted, ferrugineous Spikes, {landing fome of them on
half an Inch long Petioli, others on none, from whence the others. proceed,
and may be termed proéifera. Eeach of them is made up of Scales, lying
ued another, between which are lodged yellowith, fhining, cornered
ceeds.

It grew in the Sea Marfhes near the Landing-place at Mr. Delacrees in
Liguanee. |

Dr. Plukemet, in his Mantiffa,p.97. queftions if this Grafs be not his Gra-
men cyperoides rarins Gy tenuins fpicatum @ Maderafpatan, Phyt. Tab. 192. Fig. &.
alm.p.279. The Figures and Defcriptions fhew them plainly different.

XLIV. Gramen eyperoides [pica compacta alba, foliis ad fpicam partim albis,
partim viridibus. Cat. p.36. Tab. 78. Fig. 1. 3

Froma fibrous and ftringy Root, {pring up feveral triangular -blunt edg'd
Stalks, of abour a Foot in heighth. The Leaves are harfh to the touch.
The Spike is compact, made up of many white Spikes, fet clofe in a Head,
and has fome long, harfh, graflie Leaves clofe under it, which for the firft
part, or half, are white, and towards the ends are green. The Seed is {mall
and yellowifh. ; | , :

it grows in thofe places where water hasin rainy times ftood on the Ground,
asin the Pafture beyond the Angels Ford going to fixteen Mile Walk, in the
Caymanes in feveral places, cc. '

XLV. Gramen cyperoides minus, {pica compacta [ubrotunda viridi, radice odes
vata. Cat. p. 36. Tab.78. Fig.r. An Pee-Mottenga, H. M. Tab. 53?

This has feveral fibers of a reddifh colour, which united make a crooked,
oblong Root, fending up feveral graflie, very green Leaves, of about
four Inchéslong, the under part being reddifh. «The Stalk. comes: up in the
middle of them: it is five or fix Inches high, of the fame:colour with the
Leaves, triangular, having at the top one pretty large, and on the fides of
it one or two {inaller, oblong, compact Buttons, or little Burs, and under
this Head fome graffie Leaves two or three Inches long.

The Root‘is very odoriferous. q shi .

It grew in Coll. Nedham’s Plantation, in fixteen Mile Walk.

There is a variety of this, which is much larger in all its parts.

The whole Plant (if it be that of the A. M1.) boiled in Rice, Water,
and Oil Aurotti, and green Curcuma, or in Coco-Nut-Oil and Cumin or
long Pepper, makes a Liniment againft the Liver Difeafe, A. 47.

XLVI. Gramen cyperoides minus, fpicis compactis fobrotundis flavicantibuss
Cat. p. 36. Tab. 79. Fig. i.
This has {everal long reddifh, brown, ftrings, which united make a {mall
knobby Root, fending forth {everal harfh, green Leaves, fix: Inches long,
two of them ufually inclofe a blunt triangular fix Inches long Stem, at the
top of which ftands one oval, oblong Button, yellowith green, made up of
green Chaff or Locufte, between each of which lies a triangular fhining Grain,
having two ‘others lefler, {tanding above it on one Inch long Foot-Stalk.
The Spikes are invirond below on the end of the Culmus, by one five Inches
jong, and two fhorter Leaves, like thofe at bottom.

It grows onthe fides of fandy Gullies round the Town.

Dr. Plake-

eee

120 The Natral Fiery of Janmaica,

~~

Dr. Piukenet in his Mantiffa, p. 62. doubts if this be not the Gramen pul-
chrum parvum panicula lata compre(ja. J. B. tom. 2. p. 471. There is {carce
any refemblance between them, unlefs in the colour of their Paniclcs.

XLVI. Gramen cyperoides minimum, |pica fimplici compacta, radice tubercfa om
dorata. Cat.p.36. Tab. 79. Fig. 2.

This {mall Grafs has fome brown Fibers, coming from a black tuberoys
body, covered with a brown Membrane, white within and very odoriferoys.
From this Root rife very many one Inch and an half long, narrow, ereen
graflie Leaves, and from their middle {mall cornered five Inches high Stalks,
of a pale green colour, having each his fingle, whitith, {mall, {caly Seed,
between the Scales, are lodged black fhining Seeds, like thote of Amaranthys.

It grew in the Sea Martfhes, near the landing place at Delacrees in Lie
guanee.

Dr. Plukenet in his Mantiffa, p..97. doubts if this be the fame with his Gra-
men cyperoides minus Virginianum {pica fimplici longiori. Alm. p. 178. Phys.
Tab, 300. Fig.6. It is very apparent they are two different Plants by their
Figures and Defcriptions,

XLVIIL Gramen cyperoides minimum, fpicis pluriius eompactis ex oblongo ro-
tundis. Cat. p. 36. Tab. 79. Fic. 3. An Gramen juncenm perpafillum Capillaceis
foliis Aethiopicum Pluken. Almaz. p.1792 Tab. 300. Fie. 5 ?

This had very many capillary, brown, Fibers for Roots, from whence rofe
many {mall, Inch long, narrow Leaves, reddith underneath ; amongft which
grew many triangular Stalks, about two Inches. long, at whofe top comes
two or three graflie Leaves, very fhort, and {mall. Above thefe Leaves
{tand ufually three {mall rufty {caly Spikes or Heads, two whereof have
fhort Petioli, and the others none, fufficiently difcernible, from the others of
this Kind, by their fmallnefs.

It grew inthe Ifland of Famaica.

- Dr. Plukenet queftions, in his Mantiff. p. 97. whether this be not the fame
with his Gramen cyperoides pamilun elegans Maderafpatan. Alm. p.179. Phyt.
Tab 191. Fig. 8. Tis very plain ’tis not that Plant, for their Figures and
Defcriptions are very different.

XLIX. Gramen cyperoides polyftachion, [picis ad nodos ex utriculis few foliorum
alis echinatis prodeuntitas. Cat. p. 36. Zab. 80. An Gramen multiplicé fpica
Maderaf{patanum, calamo: fecundum lengitudinem aculeis horrido. . Elukenct. Phyt.
Fab. 191. Fig.:2 2 Almag. p.t74?2? 65 lo 20. i

This has feveral two’ er three Inch long Strings for its Roots, taking firm
hold of the Earth, from whence rifes'a jointed Stalk, three or four Fcor
high. The Culmus, or Stalk is folid, triangular, or flat on one fide, and
round on the other. That part of the Leaf fheathing part of the /#terno-
dium is rough or prickly, the other part is five or fix Inches Jong, harth,
graffie, with a iharp back like the Cyperus Grafles, and about half an Inch
broad, next the Cu/wus, where broadeft. "Towards the tops. the Leaves,
(whith are always at the Joints,) are fhorter, and more {well’d appearing like
an Utriculus, having a row of prickles onits back, out of the Ala of which
rife Branches below, and {mall Foot-Stalks above, fuftaining one, two, three,
or four Inches and a half long, green Spikes made up of many {mall Seeds,
ftanding each above a very {mall, {carce difcernible Leaf.

It grew in Fern Savanna, near Guanaboa, and Mrs. Gays Plantation in Gua-
naboa very plentifully.

Dr. Plukenet’s Title and Cut do not agree co this Plant.

L. Fan-

Pe a eee

‘The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 1 24

aia

a |

L. Juncus cyperoides creberrime geniculatus, medulla fardtus, aquaticus, radice
rubra, tuberofa, odorata, Cat. p. 36. Tab. 81. Fig. 1. |

This Ruth hasa tuberous, red, knobbed Root, having a very grateful {mell
like that of Calamus aromaticus, covered with brown withered Leaves, as
well as the under part of the Stalk, like other Ruthes, and having feveral
red Strings, going from the Root of one to that of another. The Stalk is
round, green, three Foot high, fmooth, having within ic very ftrong, and
frequent tranfverfe Partitions or Membranes, making it jointed with
a Pith between. At the top ftand feveral brown chaffie Panicles, like thote
of Cyperus Graffes, the fmall, long, Spikes, being made up of feveral red-
difh Scales, lying over one another on the fame Foot-Stalks, all coming
from the Rufhes top, as from a common Center.

Ic grows in the Rills of the Savanna, beyond two Mile Woed, about
Mr. Batchelors. |

This having a very gratefully {cented Root, I queftion not but that it
may be very fuccefsfully ufed in place of Calamus aromaticus, Cre.

This agrees with Hernandexs Defcription of Phatzifiranda, and pretty
well to his Figure, only it has no Leaves, which by the way are not like
thofe of Schenanth in the Figure, and Asments fays the Leaves, are like
Leeks, In both thefe Authors may be largely feen the Vertues a{cribed to
this Plant.

LI. Juncus cyperoides, culmo compre[fo ftréato, radice odorata tuberofa, capitulo
yotundo compatto. Cat. p. 36. Tab. 81. Fig. 2.

This Rush has a tuberous, red, knobbed Root, having a very srateful
{mell, like that of Cyperus. Fach knob or joint is by long tran{verfe
Roots, of about half an Inch in length, joined to the neareft to it, fo
making a long Root, made up as it were of feveral Beads ftringed. The
Roots are covered over with brown, withered Leaves, as alfo are the un-
der parts of the Stalks, which had fome longer and fhorter Sheaths, like
other Rufhes. From each knob rifes a ftriated cornered Ruth, fomething
comprefled, full of a fpongy Pith, about two or three Foot high, on the
top of which under a round Head, made up of many ferrugincous Scales
or Glume, ftanding clofe together, very compact, were fome few very fhort
Leaves, as inthe Cyperus Graffes. ?

This has great refemblance,. in manner of growth, with the Vaembu,
HM. p.1t. p. 99. OF Acorus Verus Aftaticus radice tenuiore vel calamus ars
maticus Garzia ab Horto. Comm ibid.

{¢ was brought by a very curious Perfon from the Bay of Honduras, where
he told me it grew among the Sand not far from Truxillo. \t was ufed by the
Tndjans in the Belly-ach, and I defiring the aforefaid Gentleman to bring me
fome Simples, ufed by the Natives of thofe parts whither he was to go, in
oe Cure of Difeafes, he aflured me he found none more celebrated than
this. :
This is perfectly differing from the Gramen Cyperoides latiori folio afpero,
panicula in [ummitate caulis conglomerata Plukenct. Alm. p. 178. Phyt. Tab. 190-
Fig.8. as may cafily appear to any who compares them, however contrary
the Opinion of Dr. Plukenet miay be,in his Mantiffa, p. 97+ |

LI. Funcus aquaticus geniculatus, capitulis equifeti, major. Cat. Pp. 37- Tab.
81. ie: 3. An {cirpus Americans, caule geniculato, cavo. Lign. Tournef. Inft.
7.528?

com the {ame Root, made up of many Strings, as is that of other Ruthes,

rife five or fix, two or three Foot high,hollow Rufhes,within which are a great
i many

122 ~The Natural Eiftory ef Jamaica.

TT

many Membranes dividing ic, and making it geniculated, and no Pith al-
moft at all. It is of a fine green, fhining colour, and at its top comes our
a white, round, oblong, {caly Head, like that of the tops of Afparagus, ¢-
quifetum, or- the Funcus capitulis equifeti. C.B.

It grows after rainy Seafons in thofe holes of the low Lands or Savaiiias,
where water has ftood.

LYN. Funcus aguaticus geniculatus, capitulis equifeti, minor. Cat. P.37. Fad;
75 beg. 2.

It isin every thing like the former, only not over one third of its bignefs
or heighth.

It grows with the former.

LIV. Funcus aquaticus capitulis equifeti minimus.

This has feveral whitifh fibrous Roots, and a very {mall Ruth about two
Inches long. On the top comes a fcaly Head, between the light brown
Scales of which, lie many {mall black Seeds.

ft grew on the Banks of the Rio Cobre, under the Town of Saint Fago de
laPega, on the fame fide of the River.

LV. Funcus levis cAggowG. fecundus, vel juncus maximus frve feirpus major,
C.B, Cat. p.37- Scirpus paluftris altiffimus. Tournefort. Inft. p. 528. Scirpus
altifimus, Ej. El. bot. p.20.

This grows plentifully in. the great Laguna, near Caymanes, and in the
boggy Fens in feveral places of this Hland. |

It is ufed to make bottoms of Chairs.

If boiled with Wine it {tops Fluxes and the Cutamenia,

Tied under the Arms People by them learn to Swim. Lugd.

The Pith dilates Sores and Fiftulas.

The Men go naked. The Women (in 38°. N. Lat. in that part of Calj-
fornia called Nova Albion.) take Bull-Rufhes, and kemb them after the man-
her of Hemp, and thereof make their loofe Garments, dc. Which being
knit about their Middles, hangs down about their Hips, ibid. Sir Francis
Drake, ap. Hakl. p. 441. and p.737. p. 3.

They are faid by the Author of the Mexican Chronicle, to have grown in
the Lake of that City, in the Carrizales of it, and to have made Beds for
the new born Children to be wafh’d and receive their name on. Purckas,

p- 1102.

Chefts of Bull-Rufhes preferve the Wheat in Azores, Mandelflo, p. 221.

LVI. Gramen Funcenm aquaticum geniculatum, culmo nudo cp folio non articu-
lato. Cat. p.37. Tab.75, Fig. 3. 7

This has feveral brown Strings, united in onc common tubcrous Root,
from whence rifes a green articulated Stalk, it being inwardly divided into
many Sections by feveral Diaphragm’s, growing {maller towards the top,
within an Inch of which it has feveral long, flender, ferrugineous brown
Heads, or Spikes making a fparfé Panicle. At the Root are {éveral graflie
two or three Inches long Leaves. |

It grows in the moifter parts of the Savannas after Rain.

LVWl.. 7ypha paluftris major. C,B. Cat. p. 37.
This grows on the brinks of Black River near Mr. Byndlofs’s Plantation,
and on the frefh water Laguna, near the Caymanes.

The

we

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 123

The Down is ufed in fome places for Beds, and applied to kibed Heels
Cures them, ftamped with Swines Greafe is good for burnings, Diofc. and
giventoa Dram, with other ingredients, Cures Ruptures, Math. This feems
to be no good Medicine, but that other Ingredients mixed with it, are the
caufes of the Cure. Lob.

Itis the patws Zheophrafti the flour or top ufed to be mixed with Clay
or Lime, inftead of Hair or Straw for Buildings, to keep the Mortar from
breaking. The Leaves of the Male, before it flours or Femina, are good
for binding any thing withal, and are now ufed to make Mats. Herodotus
tells us of the Z#dians inhabiting the Marfhes of the River, carrying Veftem
gagivlw, Dod.

The Leaves are ufed to cover Flasks, and for Chairs. Math.

The Leaves of this are cut for the Papyrus by Dodoneus. C.B.

Cuar V:
Of Hlerbs with lefs perfect or Stamineous Flowers.

Here are in this Chapter fome Plants which I confefs I believe
may by thofe more skilful be reduced to other Families, fome
of them having parts fo extraordinary {mall as not to be eafily
vifible, and perhaps others have perfect Flowers, which efcap’d
my obfervation.

Some of thefe are alfo very anomalous that I could not find any other
place than by their Face or Leaves to reduce them to thofe of Eyrope placed
by the more skilful here.

It may be objected to me that I have brought hicher Nettles, or called
Plants to, which have many of them tricoccous Seeds, which had better
been with the Ricini; to this { anfwer that the Hortus Malabaricus has de-
fcribed feveral Plants under the name of Schorigenam’s, with the {ame kind
of Fruit, and no body found any faule with the Authors of that Book, or
Mr. Ray for reducing them thither.

One thing in this Section falls very oddly, which is that in three or more
forts of {uch Plants as by their Face muft of neceflity be efteemed Ricini by
all People, there are perfe& Pentapetalous Flowers, and after thefe the Fruit
follows contrary to thofe obferved hitherto by others.

Before the Species of long Peppers are defcribed, there is an obfervation
relating to them to betaken notice of in this place.

I. Urtica racemofa fcandens, anguftifolia, fruttw tricocco. Cat. p 38: Tab,
82. Fig. 1. An urticafolia Famaicenfts tricoccas, Muf. Corten. Plakenet. Alm.
P- 393.2 Ricinus parvus urens urtice filio Banifter, Cat. Starp. Virg ?

This has a woody, reddifh, ftriated Stalk, fomething cornered, as thofe
of Nettles, which turns about any Plant or Tree it comes near, and rifes
fix or féven Foor high, having a ftrong Bark, fomething like that of Hemp.
Towards the tops of this Stalk are many two or three tnches long Branches,
very thick fer with Leaves without any order. each of which has a half
Inch long, rowgh Foot-Stalk, is Inch long, and half as broad near the
round Bafe, where broadeft, and whence it by degrees leffens tillie ends in
a point, having the Margins deeply cut, and being all over very thick fet
with burning Hairs, as thofe of ordinary Nettles. Out of the 4s Ws the

Gavés,

nie

ee

124 Tbe Natural Hiflory of Jamaica.

Icaves, come an Inch long ftrings of herbaceous Flowers, like thofe ef other
Netties, after which follows a tricoccous, rough Seed-Veflel, cach corner
of which inclofes one round, reddifh, brown Seed.

It grows among the Shrubs in the Town Savanna, going towards two
Mile Wood, and elfewhere very plentifully.

If this be the Valli Schorigenam, the decoction of the Roots drank, cx-
tinguifhes the heat of the Liver, and is good for {well’d Bellies, wirh fup-
preilion of Urine. The fame beaten, and mix’d with Sugar and Milk, is good
for the Itch. The Juice of it, beaten and drank, is good for thofe piling
vifcid and purulent Urine. 4./7,

II. Urtica urens arborea, foliis oblongis, anguftis. Cat. p.38. Tab. 83. Fig. t.

This Shrub I defcribed, which feemed to be young, rofe to about eight or
nine Foot high, bya round, flraight, woody Trunc, of the bignefs of ones
little Finger, covered witha {mooth, brownifh Bark. It had towards its top
feveral Leaves coming out alternatively ftanding on an eighth part of an
Inch’s long Foot-Stalk, each whereof were about three or four Inches long, and
about three quarters of an Inch broad in the middle where broadeft, being
even about the edges, unlefS one{mall Lacinia, with a fharp point, made the
Leaf as it were eared towards the top (which fome Leaves wanted, and fo
perhaps that was accidental) from the Foot-Stalks end it grew broader to the
middle, and thence decreafed, ending ina point. It was of a dark green
colour, and had feveral Ribs, appearing on its under fide, and on its {urface
and edges many long, {mall prickles, which, as I was told, were very burning,
and look’d fo fierce that I was very loath to make the Experiment my felf,
but very cautioufly took the top of the Shrub, and dried it. I never faw
either its Flower or Fruit.

J found it in the Woods on the Hills on the other fide of the Rio-Cobre,
near the Azcgels.

Il. Urtica racemofa humilior iners. Cat. p. 38. Tab. 82. Fiz. 2.

This had a Root half a Foot long,. very ftrong, and deeply faftned in
the Earth, from which went feveral Filaments very far {pread on every fide,
drawing nourifhment to the Plant. ‘The Stalk was two Foot high, {quare,
and covered witha reddifh brown Bark, having feveral Branches, going out,
oppofite toone another. ‘The Leaves ftand towards the top, fet oppofite one
to the other at half an Inch’s diftance, exactly like thofe of Nettles, but they
did not fting. Ex alis foliorum comes an Inch long Racemus of green Flowers
and Fruit, like thofe of the urtica major vulgaris, J.B. only the Apices, of
Seeds making up the Racemus were more folid, flat, and not cornered.

It grew on the Banks of the Rio Cobre, near Mr. Fonjeca’s Plantation.

[V. Urtica iners racemofa fylvatica, folio nervofo. Cat. p. 38. Tab. 83. Fig. 2.

From a {mall, ftringy, brown Root, Springs a cornered, green Stalk, one
Foot and an half high, having two Leaves at the Joints, {tanding oppofite one
to the other, on two Inches long Foot-Stalks. They are four Inches long,
and three broad inthe middle, where broadeft, rough, frefh green coloured,
a little indented about the edges, having three Ribs running from the end of
the Foot-Stalk, as from a common center, through the Leaf, with feveral
tran{verfe ones, fomething like the Leaves of Nettles. The Flowers ftand
at top in a bunch altogether, being brownifh, very {mall, miufcofe, reticu-
lated, and making a pleafing Figure.

It grows in the fhady Woods near Hepe River in Liguanee, and in the
woody and fhady Mountain near Colonel Cope’s Plantation in Gaanaboa,

V. Urtica —

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 125

V. Urtica minor iners fpicata, folio fubrotundo ferrato, fructa tricocco.
Cao. 38 Tab. 07 Figg,

This has a Root five Inches long, big in proportion to the Plant, brown
on the outfide, and deeply fix’d in the Earth, which fends out on every
hand feveral {mall Stems, lying along the Surface of the ground, two Inches
in length, having {mall Leaves plac’d, without any order, on the Branches.
Each leaf hath an eighth part of an Inch long Foot-Stalk, is one third
part of an Inch long, and very near as broad at Bafe, where broadeft: al-
moft round, {mooth, and fnipt about the edges. The top of the Stem isa
Spike of Flowers an Inch long, made up of a great many very {mall
Purple Flowers, fome little white intermingled. After thefe follow, in
the fame Spike, feveral tricoccous Heads, at firft green, and then a little
reddifh, and rough on the ourfide. In each of thefe lie three roundifh
Seeds, every one is covered with a Membrane, and the three Membranes
being joined, make upa tricoccous Seed, like that of the Aeliotropinm tri-
coccum, only infinitely {maller.

It grows in the Town Savanna, every where in the fandy places thereof,
efpecially towards two Mile Wood.

This cannot be the Plant mentioned by Dr. Plukenet: Mant. p.190.

VI. Urtica major racemofa humilior, pungens fed non urens. Cat. p. 38.

This hada woody, reddifh Root, about. five Inches long, having feveral
lateral Fibrils, by which it drew its Nourifhment from the Earth. The Staik
was round, woody, green, and about a foot high, having near its top feveral
Leaves, without any order, ftanding on Inch long Foot-Stalks. They were
five Inches long, one broad, inthe middle, where broadeft, very much fer-
rated, and rough like Nettle Leaves, of a dark green colour, the back fide of
the Leaf being lighter ; thefe Leaves were very rough and pricking. In thé
Plant I examined, I cou!d not obferve any veficles at bottom of the prickles
as in Nettles; but the pricking of rhe Finger came from fome very hard
and white prickles was vifible on the Leaf by the Microfcope. By the
Foot-Stalk, at the beginning of the Leaf, is a very ihort fuftaining four
{mall membranaceous Leaves or Petala, within which are five or fix
yellow Stamina, to which follows a roundifh Cap/wla, made up of three
pieces which open of themfelves, throwing out feveral fmall oblong brown
Seeds. :

It grew on the Banks of the Rio Cobre, above the Town of St. Faco de la
Vega, on the other fide of that River.

’Tis plain by this defcription that this cannot be the Urtica racemofa Cana-
denfis Morif. as Dr. Plukenet thinks in his Mantiff.p. 190. neither can it be the
third defcribed in this Chapter, as he there imagines.

VIL. Ambrofia elatior foliis artemifie, atrovirentibus, afperis, odoratis, non lanue
Zinofis. Cat. p. 38. Katu-Tfretti pu. Hort. Mal. part. 10. p. 89. Tab. 45. five
Ambrofia Malabarica artemifie folta odoratifiomo floribus flavis. Comm. ib. Bob.
part. 3. Hift. Ox. p. 4.

This rofe to about three Foot high, by a ftrong, ftriated, woody, folid
Stem, as big as ones little Finger, having at pretty large diftances, Leaves,
which ftand on an Inch and a half long Foot-Stalks. They are cut and di-
vided juft after the manner of the Leaves of Mugwort, to which they are
very like, only fomewhat larger and ftronger, being rough, but not hairy
like the ambrofia marina, C.B. pin. and of avery dark green colour above,
underneath more pale. Fx alis fol. and towards the top come Twigs,
having {maller Leaves, and on their gs a great many {mall mufcofe

k Flowers,

126 ‘The Natural Fhiftory of Jamaica.

Flowers, of a yellow colour, fet clofe together, as in the others of this
Kind. The Fruit is in an echinated Husk, juft like the Fruit of tritulns, and
the Seed like a Grape Seed.

The whole Plant has a very ftrong fmell like the others of its Kind.

It grew in the ftony places of dry River, in which fometimes water ufed
to run, near Sir Francis Watfons in the {even Plantations, as well as in feveral -
other inland parts of this Ifland. |

If this Herb be put under the fick’s Pillow ir foretels death if he {leeps
not. Boil’d in Zergelim (i.e. {cfamum) or 7 zit-eln Oil, and burnt Wine,
and applied to the part affeGted, it Cures Ewmpyema’s, and hid abfcefles of
the Stomach before they ripen, efpecially if the juice be drank with Honey.
With Malabarick or Ewropean Horehound, made into a Plaifter, and put
on the pained place, ic Cures the Cramp or Spafm. With Honcy eaten
fafting ic Cures the Dropfie. The Root boild in Sergelim Oil, rub’d ona
Cloath, and repeated every twelve hours, takes away freckles or {pots.
With Coco-Nut Milk boiled, ic Cures eating Ulcers, and the Bark of the
Root put on the affected part does the fame. H. 1. |

VIM. Ricinus Americanus fructu racemofo hifpido. Cat. p. 38. Ficus infers
nalis. Calceol. Muf. p. 641. Mexico Seeds of Med. Cur. Ricinus Americanus
major rubicundus, Munt. Pa-ten Cleyer. p.46. The Oil-Nut-Tree.

I have nothing to add to Marcgraves defcription, but that ’tis generally
nine or ten Foot high, and of two forts, one with large Seed, which is made
ufe of to make Oil, the other with leffer, which I do not {ee differing from
the common Ricinus, and 1 am very apt to believe the red and green, as well
as thofe with little and large Seed, to be only varieties,

They grow in Bermuda, Ge.

Itfeems not to be different from the common European Ricinus, which is
Perennial in Spaiw and Crete, where 'tis large, according to Bellonius, Clufius
and Mr. Ray. ‘The Seeds are commended by fome for killing Worms in Hu-
man Bodies. |

The Leaves dipt in Water or Vinegar Cure Tetters, and are generally made
ufe of for drefling Blifters.

The Kernels after drying, and beating to Powder, are boiled in water,
and an Oil fwims at top, which is usd for Lamps. It is good likewife
againft all outward and inward cold Diftempers. It is hot in the third de-
gree. Good againft Wind. Opens Obftructions of the Spleen, gc. or
gripings of the Belly and Mother. Applied outwardly tothe Navel, as well
as taken inwardly in Drops, it refolves Apoftems, reftores convulsd or
contracted Nerves, by diftending them foftly. Three or four Drops given by
the Mouth or Glifter, opens the Belly, and Cures Dropfies, and Difeafes of
the Joints. It Cures the Scab, and other external Difeafes of the Skin.
The Seed is aviolent Purger, more than the Oil, both upwards and down-
wards, and therefore they want preparation, which is done by infufing
them in Spirit of Wine, an ounce of which will bring off humours eafily ;
feven of the Seeds are enough. The Oil is likewife drawn from thefe
Seeds as from Almonds. Pifo. :

This Oil is called by Monardes oleum Cicinum, becaufe Diofcorides and
Pliny calls the Tree or Ricinus Kiki, and the Oil from it fo. A drop or
two given in Milk expels Worms in Children, if their Belly be anointed
with it. It is good for Scald Heads, pains in the Ears, and Deafnefs,
Monard. }

The Root taken in Decoétion, Cures pain from Wind in the Bowels,
takes away the {welling of the Legs, and of the Kidnies and Belly, as alfo
tis good for the Dropfie, Afthma, Gout and Eryfipelas. The Leaves Cure

the

The Natural Fiffory of Jamaica. 127

the Head-ach. Beaten and applied, after they are heated at the Fire they
are good inthe Gout, as is alfo the vapor of the decocted Leaves received
on the part. A Bath with it is a good Diuretick. The Fruit is purging
if in Powder it be fried and given with Sugar. The Seeds beaten eafe
the Kidnies if applied to them outwardly. The Oil is purging. Given
with Milk it is good in the Collick, and inwardly applied it is good
ue pee It ftops Vomiting if the Bark be hanged about the Neck.

Clufius was miftaken when he thought this Oil was extracted out of the
Phyfick-Nut, for ’tis commonly out of this which has a rough or murciated
Fruit, whereas that has not, neither has the Phyfick-Nut a {potted Seed, al-
though an Oil is drawn out of that too, but Mozardes his defcription of the
Tree to be like our Ricinus, muft make it this Tree, and not the other
which has a Face quite different.

“Tis good for clearing Negroes Skins, and for Lice on the Head. Zertre.

Oleum Kicininum Diofcor. de Kerva Arabb. is made by beating the Seeds,
and pouring water, which is after heated on them, it {wims at top, and is

usd for Lamps in Egypt. Cord. in Diofc.
Thefe Seeds taken inwardly Purge upwards and dounwards with great

Anxiety. Jd. Hift. pl.

It is {owed in Fields about Milan for Oil for Lamps. Gefz.

Thirty Grains beaten and drank Purges by Vomit and Stool. Diofc. Fuchf.
Lon. Trag. The Leaves help Inflamations of the Eyes and Breaft beaten
With Vinegar, and applied. Low.

The Inhabitants of Pantalaree, who are Poor, ufe the Oil made of this
Cif it be what he means) for Lamps and eating, and anoint their Hair there-
with to make it grow. Nicol. :

It is good for the fame purpofes that Olewm de Cherva. is Mef. Fragof.

The Leaves help St. Antonies Fire.

5: Five, feven, or at moft fifteen Seeds are a Dofe. Mef. Thirty endangers
ife.

The Oil is good for Plaifters and Ointments.. This was what fhaded
Jonas, as Arias Montanus fays. Dod.

A fpoonful of the Oil Purges not, nor three fpoonfuls in a Glifter. The
Leaves are good in the Head-ach. Stubbs, Phil. tranf. N°. 36-

Green Oil is made fo of Ebulus Fruit. Matth.

The Oilis called Azeyte de Cherva. Lac. |

Three of the Seeds of thefe of Syria, which are larger, area Purge. Cam,

An Anonymus Portugal ap. Purchas, lib. 7. cap. %. p. 1308. tells us that
in Brafile they dry them four daysin the Sun, Stamp and Seeth them, an Oil
comes at top, which is ufed for giving light, and anointing the Stomach
to ftop Vomiting, it alfo takes away Oppilations and Collick. Rawolfe,
p. 1. cap. 4. relates that it is found about Tripoli in great abundance, Bel-

donius cap.18. that it grows to a Tree.

IX. Ricinus Americanus major caule virefcente, hort. Reg. Par. Cat. p.39. Kiki
Mirand. Sin. & Eur. p.894. Lathyris major five cataputia major, 1. Ricinus.

Ambrof. h. 36. :
This differs only from the former in haying its Stalk and Leaves green,

whereas the other has them redifh; wherefore [ doubt it is only a variety
of the precedent.

X. Ricimis; focus folio, fore penta-petalo viridi, fructu levi pendulo, Cat. p. 4o.
Ricinus Americus. Tabor. p.4%» Ricinns Americanus. Contant. p. 1. Den five

Dende Arabum Calceal. mu. 'p. 533. Dende Mof. Mofc. p. 269. ioe ‘i
oi raft

aetna

ene

: 128 The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

Brafil Worm Mnuf. p.r11. Noix Medecinales de Bouton, p 64. Barbado
Med. Cur. Noix de medecine de Rochef. Tatl. p. 25. Ricintides ppenca ii
fvpii folio. Tournef. Inft. p. 566. -

This Tree has ceep brown Roots. It rifes to about twenty Foot high
with a Trunc of foft Wood as thick as ones Leg, having a whitith coloured
bark below, but towards the ends of its Branches the Bark is green, where
are many Leaves {et irregularly on all fides, having each a fix Inches lon
Foot-Stalk. ‘The Leaf its felf is roundifh, fomething like ro a a ea
only not fo much laciniated, being foft, or a little woolly, having a very
{trong unfavoury f{mell. They, and the Bark yield a wheyifh Liquor in
pretty great plenty which flains Linnen. The Flowers come in Bunches on
three Inches long Stalks near the ends of the Twigs. They are green pent,
petalous, the petals being bowed back downwards, with yellow Stamina with-
in, cf a fweetifh fmell. After thefe follow the Fruit, feveral together
hanging downwards from pretty long Stalks, bigger than Hafel-Nuts, fir
green, then yellow and brown, when ripe, having three obtufe fides, the
outward Husk, or ftrong brown fmooth Membrane, breaking in three
places of its felf, difcovers three feveral Nuts or Kernels, each lodged in
his own Cell, feparated from the others by a partition, every one being
almoft round, oblong, like, but bigger than a Pine-Nut, covered with a
rough or f{cabrous dark brown Shell, breaking or cracking in {ome places
where ‘tis whitifh. The Kernel confifts of two {weet, very white Lobes
divided by a white Membrane, it is covered with a white thin pellicu/e,
like that of the infide of an Egg-fhell.

I take this to be the Quauhayohuatlis 3. of Frernandez and Ximenes, as I
have faid already in my Catalogue p. 40. notwithftanding what is faid by
Dr. Plukenet in his Mantiff. p.162. 3

Aldinus, or rather Petrus Caffellus, has given a good figure of this Plant.

Thefe Seeds were put out of ule by Mechoacan. Frag.

It is planted for Hedges at all times, and every where in Famaica, being
eafily propagated by the flip. A quick grower, and good Fence; but of its
felf it grows on Banks near Rivers and Gullies every where.

[ was very Sick, and fo were all that were on Shoar (at Sierra Leona) with
me, with eating of a Fruit of the Country, which we found on Trees, like
Nuts, whereof fome did eat four, fome five, fome fix and more, but we
Vomited, and Scoured upon it without Reafon. Ward ap. Hakl. p. 3.

p- 758.

Hughes, tells us p.81. that three growing together are a Dofe to weak
Bodies, five, feven, or nine to others ftronger. One eat thirty or forty,
and came off, they work upwards and downwards, cleanfing the Body of
tough humours.

Ligon. p.66. relates that in Barbados they likewife Plant it for Palifadoes,
keeping it even with Rails and Brackets, and that no Cattle comes near it.
The fame tells us p. 67. that from five to three are a good Vomit, and that
if youtake out the Film it Vomits not.

Clufivs {ays that half a Grain will Purge violently upwards and down-
wards, in which his Relator deceived him, or he meant of the pinei nucles
Malucani Acofte ox Granatilli.

The Nuts are given from three to feven fora Vomit, and are counted hot
inthe third, and dry inthe fecond degree.

It very often happens that new comers are deceived by thefe Nurs, being
invited to eat them, by their pleafant taft. I have known feveral fo de-
ceived, but never any fuffer more thana feyere Vomit. Sometimes they are
candied with Sugar into a Sweet-Meat, on purpofe to deceive people, who

eating of them unawares, are purged upwards and downwards with sory
, ards ale cowAay en Te

Quem

earn sa ornare rene en Ne Se EN Ce PECL A Eee say

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

129

The great part of the Seed is divifible into two parts, but there lies in
the middle in the hollow, a film which confifts not only of two perfect
Leaves, an{werable to Lobes in other Kernels, but of thefe parts that be-
come Trunc and Root. Grew.

In old Obftructions af the Bowels, four or five of thefe ripe Kernels, freed
from their inward and outward pellicles or Membranes, then tofted and in-
fus’d in Wine, are accounted a good remedy. They Purge upwards and
downwards with that violence, that four will caufe fuch fymptoms fome-
times as will force the ufe of Counter-Poyfons or Opiats, They are like-
wife ufeful in affording an Oil tor Lamps which the Portagueze ule in
Brafil. The Oil of this as well as of the Ricinus purges. Pifo.

The inward Skin being taken out they purge more gently.

They fometimes Purge, bur Vomit chiefly thick and tough Humours,
therefore they are given in antient Diftempers either five or feven, always odd,
but they are firft torrefied, and then when marfh’d, they are fteep’d in Wine
or Water tobe made milder. They are hot and oily. Zernand. His Figure
is very bad.

The Dofe is from three to fix. Zertre, five Rochef. Rain dropping from
them ftains Linnen. id. 7

XI. Ricinus minor flaphyfagria folio, flore pentapetalo purpurco. Cat. p. 4t.
Tab. 84. Ricinus Americanus latte{cens, trilobato folio perennis flore nigricante
hort. Beaum. p. 36. Ricinus Americanus perennis fiortbus purpureis Staphidis
agria foliise Commzl. hort. Amt, p.17. Ricinoides Americana, ftaphis agria
folio. Tournefort. Inft. p.566. Wild Caffada.

The Root of this is tapering, white, ftreight, two Inches long, having
{ome few fibers drawing its Nourifhment. The Stem feldom rifes above two
Foot high; it divides into Branches {preading themfelves on every hand,
they and the Stem being crooked, and having a light brown coloured Bark,
The Leaves ftand on long and rough Foot-Stalks, and are divided always
into five points when old, at the tops, or when young, into three Lacinie,
which are of a reddifh colour, like Staphifacre, or fomewhat like Mundihoca,
whence the common name of Wild Caffada inall our Plantations. They are
of adark, or very frefh green colour, and an unfavoury {mell The Flowers
ftand many together, on fhort Foot-Stalks, on the tops of the Branches, are
Pentapetalous of a purple colour, with yellow Stamiza, and very {mall. After
thefe follows, a triquetrous Fruit covered with a dark brown’ muricated
Skin, under which lie three hard clay coloured Shells, having a /c7#s or de-
preffion on their outmoft corner or edge, and inclofing each within it an
oblong Seed like the other Ricini, of an ath fhining colour, with two Green
Ears and a white Pulp.

It grows in the Sayannas every where in Jamaica, as alfo in all the Ca
ribes, and on the main Continent of America, |

The Figures of the three Plants mentioned in my Catalogue, and cut by
Dr. Plukenet in his Phytagraphia, agreeing with this Plant, which has fome-
times in its Leaves five, and fometimes three Laciniz, taken notice of by me
in its Figure and Defcription, makes me believe they may be all the fame,
notwithftanding what he fays in his Mantiffa,p 161.

This is the moft general remedy of the poorer fort in the dry Belly-ach,
they take of the Leaves from feven to twenty one, and boil them, drinking
the Decoétion, and when nothing will move to Stool, they will. ’Fis nor
only ufed in our Plantations for this purpofe, burt on the main Contie
nent of America, as I have been informed by thofe who practifed Phyfick
among the Spaniards inhabiting thofe parts. 7

| oe The

130 = The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

The Seeds are very much coveted and eaten by ground Doves, whence
they are ufed as baits to allure them into the Clavanies, or Traps made
of Recds, by Negroes, to catch them.

This feems to be the Plant H/ucipochotl defcribed and figured by Hernaz-
dex, nothing obftrudcting but the qualities, which he fays, eaten asa boil’d
Sallad reftores the colour, when this purges very much, although thofe qua-
Jities may be confiftent. The diftilled water is very cordial, reftoring even
almoft the dead. Five or feven of the Kernels, freed of their covering
Membrane, Purge Flegm and Choler, both upwards and downwards, and
that fo gently, that the leaft thing taken {tops them, if it be expedient. It
is hot, and moift, or temperate. Hernandez.

XID. Ricinus minor viticis obtufo folio, caule verrucofo, flore pentapetalo, altido,
ex cujus radice tuberosa, fucco venenato turgida, Americani panem conficiunt. Cat.
p. 4%. Tab. 85. Fucca Muf. Swammerd. p. 12. Manihok of Ogilly. Afr. p. 556.
An Flinca frve Mizmaitl. Hernand, p.378 2? Mandiboca de Efquemeling. p. 55.
Manyoo de Rochef. Tall. p 52. d’ Olivier Oexmelin, p. 74. Worm. Mu. p. 160.
Caffavi vel Tuca. Contant. p.r. Magnoc. de Biet.p. 336. Gincca Muf. Mofc. p. 260.
Ricinus fari inifera heptaphyllos, ex cujus radice venenata, placentas cP panem con-
Jiciunt. Americani. Pluk. Mant. p. t61. Ricinus Americanus pentaphyllos, radiis
foliorum intecris, (ubtas glaucis, Caffava Barbadenfibus diétus. Bob. hift. Ox. part.
3. p-348. Manihot Theveti, Fucca cy Caffavi. J.B. Tournefort. Inft. 658.

This has an oblong tuberous Root, as big as ones Fift, having fome
fibers drawing its Nourifhment, and being full of a wheyifh venemous Juice.
The Stalks are white, crooked, brittle, having’a very large Pith, and {e-
veral knobs fticking out on every fide like Warts, being the remainder of
the Leaves Foot-Stalks, which are dropt off. It ufually rifes fix or feven
Foot high, and has a {mooth white Bark 5 the Branches, which come out on
every hand, towards the top are crooked, and have on every fide, near
their tops, Leaves irregularly plac’d, which are finger’d like thofe of Agaus
Caffus, Hemp or Lupins, each Leaf having a four or five Inch long Foot-
Stalk, and being cut, or divided almoit to the centre or end of the Foot-
Stalk into five or feven parts, cach Section whereof is five or fix Inches long,
has one middle Rib, coming from the end of the Foot-Stalk, {ending tranf-
verfe Nervesto the fides, it isan Inch broad in its middle where broadeft:
fmooth and of adark green colour. The Flowers are pendulous, hanging
down from the tops of the Twigs by three or four Inch branched Stalks, on
the endsof which four’ or five hang together by {mall Foot-Stalks ; being of
a pale colour pentapetalous, with yellow Stamina in the middle, they are
urcoolated, or fwell’d in the middle, like thofe of Arbutus. After thefe
follows a triquetrous Fruit, about the bignefs of a Hafel-Nur, covered
with a thin green Skin having fix Crefts or Ledges on its Surface, and con-
taining in feveral fhells, three oblong gray Seeds, like thefe of the other
Ricini, {potted with black {pots. beet

It is planted every where, but more efpecially in the Low Lands, where
it feldom Rains, this enduring the want of that better than any other of
the Vegetables, whence Bread is made in thefe parts.

It is of the moft general ufe of any Provifion all over the We/t-Indies,
efpecially the hotter parts, and is ufed to Victual Ships.

It is ripetwelve months after Planting, andready to pull up for ufe. The
longer ‘tis planted the heavier is the Bread made of it, and it being fold
by ya: the more profitable. The new is Pleafanter for ufe in ones
Family. :

Martyr,

The Natural Hifi ory of Jamaica. “131,

Martyr, by Relations from the Weff-Indies, gives it two years to ripen,
to make of it the Bread Cazabi, which keeps two years, and fays that they
planted it in raifed heaps nine Foot {quare, putting therein twelve pieces
and that they hada Tradition that one Boitzws, a wife old Man, finding it
on a Rivers brink brought it to his Garden, and that after feveral Trials, by
which fome were killed, they came to the knowledge of the Juices being the
Poyfon, and fo came to prepare it right. The Juice when boiled is pleafanter,
and as innocent as Whey. |

Yuca, as Oviedo tellsus in his Coron. lid..7. cap.2. Is of two forts, the firt
with long and narrow Leaves, the fecondfhort and broad. The /ndians make
{mall round hillocks, almoft touching one another, in which are put eight or
ten pieces of the Trunc of the Yuca, which takes Root, and is weeded in the
Continent. It killsnot as that in Aifpaniola, called Boniata, which is like
the other, therefore they eat its Root, not made into Bread. Cazabi Bread
is made by taking of the Rind of the Root with Shells, grating it, putting
it into Bags made of Tree-Bark, prefling it, and putting it over the Fire. A
Draught of the Juice Kills, but if ic has three or four heats the Poyfon
vanilhes, and the Judians eat it, but they eat not this when cold; becaufe,
though ic be no Poyfon, yet it is of bad Digeftion. Evaporated ic turns
Sweet, and then Vinegar, but there's need of neither, becaufe of the plenty
of Limons and Sugar. It keeps a year, and the Root muft be ten months
old at leaft. The Root killd the Znvdians in two or three days, and the
Juice prefently. Fifty died together with the Juice.

The venemous quality lics not in the Juice only, feparated from Earth,
elfe the Juice alone would be Poyfon, whereas the whole Root is fo. The
Venom lies chiefly in volatile parts, going away by Coction. Aldinus.

The Plant figur’d by Hernand:z and Terrentius, under the name of Aiiuca
five Mizmaitl, {cems not this Caffada, but rather a Serpentaria by its Figure,
but | am notwithftanding apt to belicve, confidering Hermandez’s Errors,
this may be ic. :

~The Juice of this Root (called: Manipuera in Brafile) is poyfonous, not
only to Men, but all: forts of Cattle, unlef$ they be ufed to it. 1 have
feen Swine ufed to it, drink of it running from the Prefs, very f{weerly, al-
though to others, of thé fame kind, not ufed to it, it had been prefent
death, by the relation of thofe knowing it.

The Symptoms following its being taken according to Pifo, are {welling of
the Body, pain and fqueamifhnef$ at the Stomach, with tenef{mus and belch-
ings, dimnefs of the Eyes, Vertigos, conftant Head-aches, cold in the extreme
parts, Swoonings, and Death follows ; wherefore thofe preparing this Root
fortifie their Stomach and Heart, with fome 4rvotto, Roots and Flowers of
Nhambi, againft it, mixing them with their Meats and Drinks. The }uice
kept fome time corrupts, breeding Worms, called Topurn, of which pow-
dered is made a greater Poyfon, which, if given alone, in fmall quantities,
kills prefently, buc if mix’d with Nhambi Flowers does it leifurely, whereby
the Authors are undifcovered. The beft Remedies are Vomits given pre-
fently , and Clyfters mix’d with Alexipharmacs ; then Diuretics, and fuch
as caufe Sweat, as Malva d’ Ico, pe de Galinha, Furupeba, Uruca, oc. Then
the Root, and efpecially the Juice of the Pine-Apple frequently taken, and
in large Draughts. If the Juice be boiled the Poyfon evaporates, and the
remaining part becomes nourifhing. Pifo.

It was in Angola, and there called Aviucca (Monardes,) it Loves high dry
Land. Wet {poils the Bread, Farinha relada is the name given the Meal
when dry, The Juice evaporated over the Fire gives the 7ipioca Meal, the
Leaves beaten atid boiled are eaten after the manner of Spinach, and called

Mapicoba. Tipioca, if well kept, is good againft Dyfenteries, ce. e
°

=

132 ‘Lhe Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

No increafe is from the Root, it dying prefently when out of the Earth.
The Hills for it are made three Foot broad, and half a Foot high, chat. the
water may fall off, the Juice boiled to the Confiftence of Pottage is eaten.
The Juice is {Wweet, but killsin two hours time, lets fall the Sediment, which
dryed iscalled 7ipicca, from whence Starch and feveral Medicines Apima-
caxera is the only eatable Caffada Root, itis caten rofted. Marcer.

Gomera {ays that in 22 and 23°. beyond the Equinodtial, in going to Mu-
gellan Straits, they eat of Bread of Madera Rallada. cap. 91.

Chriffofile de Acugna, and from him Count Pazaz, in his Relation of the
River Amazones, {ays the Inhabitants of the Ifles of that River make their
Bread and Drink of this Root, and that they keep it under ground, well
covered attop with Clay, from hurt by the Inundations there.

One fort of it on the Main eatable. Gom.

It came from Brafil to St. Thomas. If Boil’d it is innocent, fwells much,
whence a Law in the Jndies, that it fhould never be put to Table with-
out Wine or Water, left people fhould be fuffocated with its fwelling.
Ie is not fo wholefome as Wheat, and cannot be made light. Roed/f. In
their coming to St. Zhomas gave over Tams, this being found firmer Nourith-
ment. id.

Menardes and Linfchoten, {ays that on the Continent the Root or Juice is
not poyfonous, but on Sancfs Domingo itis, which is falfe, but there is one
different kind of this Root in both thofe places, which is not poyfonous,
and which in Famaica they Roft and Ear.

The Brafilians, either dried on the Boucan or Green, grate it on {mall
fharp Stones fet in a Plank, reduce itto Flower or Meal, having the {cent
of new making Starch, fiftit, and put it into an earthen Pan, and fet it over
the Fire, ever moving or ftirring it with Gourds cut in two, which they ufe
for Spoons. That baked foft, is good for common ufe, the other for carry-
ing to War. Ouy-enta, the name of this, which is hard and very much back’d,
Ouy-pew the name of the other. It will not make Loaves, although it will rife
with Leaven; the upper part drying, while the inward is meally. This by
Gomera in Gen. Hift.des Indes, is called Bois grate lib. 2. cap. 92. Both Meals
are good to make Boulie called Mingant. The Indians eat this Meal inftead
of Bread, and throw it into their Mouths with their four Fingers never mif-
fing, which the Frexch could not do, making their Faces meally. The Green
Roots prefled yicld a Milk or Juice, which fet in the Sun till it thickens,
and then put on the Pans makes good Meat, or Pancakes. Aypi is good
if bak’d in the Afhes, but Maziot is Poyfon, unlefs well bak’d in Bread.
Pieces of thefe Stalks give great Roots in two or three months. p.122. Lery.
They to make their drink, flice the Roots, boil them in water till render,
and when cold chaw them, putting them out of their Mouths into Jars
on the Fire, making them boil again, when boild enough they take it off
and put it into other Jars, and there letting it work, cover it for ufe. A
drink is made of Maiz boild and chawed the fame way. Jd. p. 132. called
Caouin. No Men areto meddle with it in making. They drink it hot and
muddy, three days and nights they are at it. They never mix drinking and
eating. Eat when hungry, and never {peak atmeals. They flept on drink-
ing our Sack two or three days. They try’d to make it without chawing,
but it would not do. Water, their ordinary Drink, never did them harm.
The chawing Czowin is not worfe than Wine made with Feet. Zaem.

It is in ule for two thoufand Leagues. Zhevet. who makes that of the
Continent differ from that of the Ifles, but without reafon.

The Bread is Cacavi, like a Target, ic muft be moiftened in Water or
Pottage, whereby it fwells, to cat well, and neither in Milk, Cane Juice, or
Wihe will it fivell, It has no taft bur great Nourifhment, and lee oe

urfeic.

eee

~The Natural Fitflory of Jamaica. ar 33

Surfeit. Xaaxa is the fineft fort of Yuca which is eatable, rofted or boiled,
its Juice being no Poyfon. Yxea iscommon in the Ifles. Acofta.

The Stalks two Spans lotig, are buricd in tumuli, called Conuachos. It's
ready in two years. The Zndians clean it with Flints found by the Shore
Prefs out the venemous Juice and bake it. It keeps three years, and has need
of fomething of Broth to moiften it. Benzo.

XIII. Ricinus minor viticis angufto mucronato folio, caule verrucofo, flore penta
petalo albido, ex cujus radice tuberosa fucco venenato turgida, Americani panem con-
Jicinnt. Cat. p. 44.

J obferv’d this Kind indifferently with the former, of which! fuppofe ’tis
@ Varicty.

XIV. Ricino afinis odorifera fruticofa major, rori{marini folio, frutte tri
cocco albido. Cat. p. 44. Tab. 86. Fig. 1. Wild Rofemary or Spanifh Rofe«
mary.
| This Shrub has a Trunc as big as ones Arm, covered witha light brown,
fmooth Bark, rifing five Foot high, having many white Branches, be fer with
Leaves in Tufts, at about an Inches diftance from one another. Each of
them is two Inches long, and a quarter of an Inch broad, green above, and
very white below, . ftanding on an eighth part of an Inch’s long white Foot-
Stalk, beginning narrow, and ending in a point. The tops of the Branches,
for three Inches in length, are fet thick with {mall white Flowers, Spikes
fafhion, made up of many Stamina, in anpentaphyllous white Capfela, or
within five greenifh white Petala. After this follows a tricoccous Fruit, ftick-
ing clofe to the Stalk, {mooth and whitifh, larger than that of the Chamelea
tricoccos, each of the three fides containing an oblong, brown, fhining Seed,

The whole Plant fmells very gratefully and ftrong.

It grows every where in great abundance on the- Red: Hills, and near
Paffage Fort. on the Road coming from thence to Town.

{tis ufed very much in all forts of Metficated Baths, and Fomentations
for Hydropick Legs, ce. ;

In refpect of the Fruit, this agrees with the Pee-Z/rerou-Ponnagam. H. M,

XV. Ricino afinis odorifera fruticofa minor, tencriz folio, frudkw tricocco
dilute purpureo. Cat. p..44. Tab. 86. Fig. 3. An Teucrii foliis frutex Cu-
raffavicus. P.B. p- 3802 Pluk. Tab.r28. Fig. 4 2 Tencrio fimilis Indica fraticofa
foliis crafiu{culis, Hort. Beaum. ? | 7

This has feveral {mall woody Branches about four or five Foot long, fomes
times rifing upright, and at other times lying along the Surface of the Earth,
having a gray Bark. ‘The Twigs have Leaves at their ends, ftanding round
them, about an Inch and one third in length, and of an Inches breadth, Oval,
{nipt about the edges, and of a very dark green colour, fomething like Ger-
mander, the Flowers confift of fix greenifh Stamina, coming from the fame
Center, ftanding in a pentaphyllous green Capfula, coming out ex alis fol.
by very fhort Foot-Stalks, to which follows a green, fmall, tricoccous Seed,
which afterwards grows as big as that of Heliotropium tricoccon only ’tis
{mooth, and of a very pleafant pale purple colour.

The Leaves of this Plant bruifed are very odoriferous.

Tt grew among the Trees of a Wood, between the Town Savanna and two
Mile Wood.

M m Of

I

=)

B,

4. ‘The Natural Fiiftory of Jamaica.

Of Long-Pepper.

Lthough that which is the Long-Pepper of the Shops is not to be
found in the We/f-ndies, yet there are many of that Tribe and Fa-
mily. They have no perfect Flower, or at leaft it is fo little, that ’tis noe
taken notice of, for there comes out a {mall Fulus, which increafes ’till the
Fruit comes to its juft dimenfions, which is various, in differing forts of i,
but all of them are generally longer, and {maller than that of the Shops or
Eaff. They feem to come neareft the Nettle of any of this Tribe, which
havea String with Seeds fticking to it round about, fomewhat like thofe of
this ju/us. All of them which are not herbaceous, have an hollow jointed
Trunc, at every joint there is a Leaf, and oppofite to it the Fulvs or Fruit,
which is moftly {weet {melled, Aromatick, and biting. The Leaves are for
the greateft part nervous, by which marks, they are eafily diftinguifhed from.
any other Plants. The Fruit, Tail, or Julus, is a String, on which are
faftened round it many very finall Seeds clofe to one another, as if they were
united. The others, with thefe, are for Affinities fake added. The
round black or white Pepper, feems in every thing to be the fame, only ro
differ in having much larger Acizi, aad of this fort likewile is the Betle
eat in the Faft-lZudies.
Faborandi guacu Braf, Mentz.is of this Kinds.

XVI. Piper longum arboreum altins, folio nervofo minore, [pica graciliori
breviori. Cat. p. 44. Tab. 87. Fig. 1. Ciriboa Worm. mu. p. 196. quoad defer.
Mecaxuchitl Ejufd. p. 208. quoad fig. An Planta Fulifera aromatica in uligi«
nofis crefcens locis. D. Banifter? Long-Pepper of Leigh ap. Purchas, lib. 6,
cap. 13. p.1254. where ’tis propofed asa Commodity from Guiana?

This has feveral Stems rifing tsyelve or fifteen Foot high, they are ftraighr,
green, {mooth, jointed, and at eVery joint they are protuberant, diftant from
each other fometimes low near the Root, a Foot, hollow, wheftce the name of
Elder. Upwards the joints are at lef$ diftance from one another. The Stalks
have a Pith fomewhat like our Elder. Towards the top ftands the Leaves,
one at a joint, they {land on one tenth part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks,
are two Inches long, one broad near the round Bafe, where broadeft; whence
they end in apoint. The Nerves or Fibers, run the lengths of the Leaves
from the Foot-Stalks end, as from a common Center, and have tranfverfe
ones, making a pleafant {how in a very dark green, fmooth Leaf The {cent
of the Leaves, when rubbed, is very Aromatick. Oppofite to the Leaf
comes a Fulus about one Inch long, flender, and of a yellowith pale colour,
refembling Long-Pepper.

_ There isa variety in this, as to the length and fhape of the Leaves, they
being fometimes longer, and not fo broad at Bafe.

Pifo’s Figure is good.

It grows in Famaica near Colonel Cope’s Plantation, on a Hill above his
Houle, and in Barbades.

The Leaves and Fruit of this is thought good againft the Belly-ach, being
boiled and eaten in their Pepper Pots or Pottages. 7

The Leaves and Root (the Fruit being not much ufed, becaufe of fo many
other forts of Pepper) are very hot, and efteemed extraordinary good,
when dryed, to make all forts of corroborating and ftrengthning Baths,
againft all manner of cold Diftempers, in lieu of all other hot and ftrength-
ning Herbs. Pifo =

The

The Natural Fiflory of Jamaica. ay 35

The Leaves of this Plant heal Ulcers of the Legs. ‘The Root is very
powerful againft {wellings. Marcgr.

Tlatlanquaye and Acapatli. of Hernand. and Xim. are fo very confufedly
Figured and Defcribed, that { can make nothing of them, though I believe
there are two forts common to New-Spain and this Ifland, whereof this
is one. |

This Wood is made ufe of to ftrike fire, if held between the Knees, and
a hard ftick with a tapering point turn’d round in it by the Hands. The
Decoétion of the Roots and Tops diffipates grofs Humors, and heals Hy-
dropick People. The Leaves applied, Cure bad Ulcers, and hot Baths
are made with them for cold Fluxions. The Seed gives a good taft to
Meat boiled with them, Zertre.

The Fruit, but efpecially the Deco¢tion of the Root, is ufed in the Ifles
_againft the Stomach Evil, caufed from intemperate cold, and moifture of
the fame, from too mucli Fruit, Drinks of the Country, or not being
covered in a morning. They give two Glafies of it warm, and walk till
they Sweat. Plum.

XVII. Piper longum folio nervofo pallide viridi, humilins. Cat, p. 44. Tab, 87.
Fig.2. Arbafcula Brafilienfis piperis facie julifera Raii hiff. append. p.1914. An
Tlatlancuaye few piper longum pofterivs quoad iconem Fern? Fonft. dendr. 179 ?
Plantula peregrina Cluf. Exot. lib. 4. c. 11. Fonft. dendr, 181. Chabr. 127.
Piper longam anguftiffimum ex Florida. C,B. pin. 412. Piper ex Florida. J. B.
t, 2. lib. 15. p.187. Chabr. 126. Arbor piperifera fructn longo Floridana. Fonft.
dendr.180. An Amolago H.M. p.7.3% 2 Spani{hHlder.

This Shrub has a round green Stem, four or five Foot high, having pros
tuberant joints hereand there, in that refembling Elder, whence, and from the
pith or hollownefS, the name. ‘The Branches are likewife jointed, and there
comes out Leaves, firft on one fide from one joint, and then from theother,
another Leaf on the fide oppofite to that, and fo alternatively always, one
being at a joint. {The Leaves have {carceany Foot-Stalks, are five Inches long,
and two broad in the middle where broadeft, rough, having a great many
large Nerves, running fromthe main one to the fides of the Leaves, of a yel-
lowifh green colour. At the joints on the fide oppofite to the Leaf, towards
the top of the Branch goes out a Spike or Falus, ftanding onan half Inch long
Foot-Stalk, of a pale greenifh colour, and finall aromatick biting taft, four
Inches long, like that of Long-Pepper, being fomewhat like a Rats Tail,
and being generally crooked.

This agrees in every thing to Pifo’s Betre vel Betys, except in the white
{pots he marks on the Stalk, but being in every thing elfe it has fo perfect an
agreement with it, Itake it to be the fame.

It grows on the moift Banks of Rio-Cobre, near the Crefcest Plantation,
and in feveral other places of the Mland, and in Barbadbes. :

The uli, which are like Long-Pepper, are of no ufe, the Root is very
famous. It has fomething Aromatick, and in taft, colour, and {mell, re-
fembles Ginger, efpecially if it be frefh, and then it is not inferiour toit. It is
very hot and dry. A Decotion of the Leaves, and Roots, Cures the Col-
lick, and pains of the Limbs, cafes the windy Belly, and takes away the
mil tumors of the Feet. The fame is done by Baths and Fomentations.
Pifo. 3

Pifo’s Figure is bad.

XVII. Piper longum arboreum foliis latifimis, Cat. p. 45. Tab, 88.
fie.1.

The

136 The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica.

This agreed exa@ly with thofe of this Kind immediately preceding, in
its Trunc, Joints, cc. only’twas higher and larger: the Leaves were likewife
very different, being much larger, they ftood on one third part of an Inch
long Foot-Staiks, were eight Inches long, and four broad, near the begin-
ning where broadeft, being pointed at the end, and roundith, at beginning
fmooth, of a dark green colour, and having few Veins in comparifon with
thofe preceding, and in proportion to the Leaf. The Spike or Fu/us was
neither long nor big. ;

It grew in the Woods not far from Rio-Nuovo in the North fide of this
Ifland.

XIX. Piper longum racemefum malviceum. Cat. p. 45. Santa Maria
Leaves.

This has a ftrong Root compofed of feveral very fhort blackifh ones,
which fend upa ftraight Stalk, as thick as ones Thumb, jointed, of a gray
colour, rough, round, ftriated, with fome furrows in it, rifling three or
four Foot high, having towards the top Leaves alternatively, fitit on one,
then on the other fide of the Stalk, at the joints, where its four or five
Inches long round Foot-Stalk encompaffes the Stalk, leaving a mark when
it falls oft. The Leaves are cordated or like a Heart, or thofe of the Lime-
Tree, only the Nerves run from the top of the Foot-Stalk, as from acommon
Center, through the whole Leaf, which is very foft, of a dark green colour,
fomewhat like thofe of Mallows, and of about feven and eight Inches
Diameter. The Flowers and Fruit come out ex alis fol. being three or four
Jali two Inches long, at firft white, then green, ftanding upon a common
half Inch long Foor-Stalk.

Miser di grow in ftony fhady moift Woods, and by fhady River fides, very
plentifully.

The Leaves being very foft and large, are applied to the Head when it
akes, or toany of the Joints in the Gout, and are thought to cafe paig
in every aifected part, and therefore this is efteemed as a very rare Re-
medy, by all Zndians and Negroes, and moft part of Planters, but I could
not find that this Leaf could do any more than Coleworts, only ‘tis not fo
nervous, and {fo fofter.

The Leaves are boiled and eaten in Pottage by the Negros.

If the Fu/z or Pepper be boiled in water, and expofed to the Sun, they
grow ftronger and more durable for all ufes. The Root {mells like Clover,
and is hot tothe third Degree, reckoned a Counter-Poyfon, and of thin
fubtle, and therefore opening parts. If bruifed and put like a Poultefs to
any difeafed part, it ripensand cleanfes. The juice of the Leaves, becaufe
cold, eafes burnings; and the Leaves put into Clyfters, have the fame qua-
licies with Mallows. Pi/o.

It is called in Sanc#o Domingo Collet de Notredame. Piumier.

This is not the Serpentaria repens floribus ftamineis {picatis bryonie folio ame
phiore pingui. Plukenet. plyt. Tab. 117. Fig. 3. c 4. asthe Dr. thinks in his
Munt.p.170. Any perfon conparing that with this will find many differences.

XX. Piper longum humilius fruttn ¢ fummitate caulis prodeunte. Cat. p. 45.
Mecaxuchitl. Worm. Muf. p. 208. quoad defer. Piper longum Brafil. Ejufd p. 214.
This has a creeping jointed Root, ftriking into the loofe Earth, feveral
Tufts of hairy fibers at the joints. The Stalks are round, green, jointed,
rifing a Foot high, the Leaves are feveral, placd the length of the Stalk
one by one, are four Inches long, and two broad, at thetop, where broadeft,
having no Foot-Stalk, beginning narrow, and augmenting by degrees to the
top, théy are thick, fucculent, fmooth, of a dark green colour, having
fome

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica, 137

fome few veins vifible on their upper furface, like thofe of Water-Plan-
rane, and fometimes a litrle defeét or norch at the upper end of the Leaf.
At the top of the Stalk is a jointed, red Foot-Stalk, fuftaining a flender
four Inches long Spike, Fulus, or Ligula, like that of Opbiogloffum, or {ome of
the Long-Peppers, being {weet {melling, and fharp to the raft like them, and
withal fomewhat balfamick.

The Plant, if rubd, {mells very gratefully.

There is a variety of this, with {maller and more pointed Leaves, which
I gathered in Barbados.

It grew.in a Wood near Mr.Butchelor’s Houfe, and in feveral thick arid tall
fhady Woods of this Ifland, and in Barbadoes on rocky grounds.

It is hot in the fourth Degree, and dry in the third. [ct is drunk with
Cocoatlee, and gives it a good taft, it flrengthens the Heart, heats the Sro-
mach, gives a {weet Breath, attenuates gro{s and thick Humours, refifts
Poyfon, the //iac Paffion and Colick, is Diuretick, helps the Catamenia, and
expels the dead Child, helps the Birth, opens Obftructions, and Cures
pains from cold. It takes of the cold of Fevers, and fuch like. Hrern.nd.

XXI. Piper longum minimum, herbaceum, fcandens, rotundifolium. Cat. p. 45.
Serpentaria rep:ns Americana, dittamni crerici villofts foliis apicébus nonnibil fr
nuatis. Pluken. Alm. p. 343: | ,

This has a jointed, round, {mooth, juicy Stalk, like that of Purflane.
The Joints were an Inch and a half diftant one from the other, and from
each of thefe went {cveral fibrils, into the Barks of Trees, or ground, thus
drawing its Nourifhment, and propagating its felf for feyeral Fect in length,
by either climbing Trees, or creeping along the furface of the Earth. Ar
each joint, was, on every fide of the Stalk, one Leaf, alternatively, ftand-
ing on three quarters of an Inch long red Foot-Stalk, almoft round, being
more than an Inch long, and about three quarters of an Inch broad, {mooth,
of a yellowith green colour, juicy, and having Ribs like thofe of Water-
Plantane. On the tops of the Branches ex alis fol. came feveral two or three
Inch long, round, green jx/i ortops, {mall, having {ome brown {pots onthem,
and being exaétly like the tops of Moufe-Tail.

It grew onthe larger Trees, and ground, in the Woods between Guanabhoa
and Colonel Bourdens Plantation. :

I fhould not have thought Dr. Plskenet’s Title abovementioned, to have
belonged to this Plant, had not he pofitively faid it, p.177. of his Mantiff.

XXII. Yaruma dz Oviedo Cat. p. 45. Tab. 88. Fiz.2. & Tab. 89. Ame
Layba per uaes of an Anonymus Portugal of Brafile, Purchas, lib. 7. cap. 4.
, 1308.

. This is well defcribed and figured by Alarcgrave and Pifo, and grows eves
ry where in the Carébes and Famaicain the Woods, and is generally, being
a quick grower, the firft infefting clear'd grounds, being for the moft part
Without Branches, though fometimes it has them,

It is ufed for the making of Bark-Logs or Floats, the Stalks being empty
and light to lie under heavier Timber, and float it downthe Rivers to the
Towns, where it may be uleful, and Peter Martyr, as well as Lopez de Gomara,
tells us thata Lwcays Indian Carpenter, fill’d one of thefé Frees (after having
hollowed it, and ftopt the’ ends) with Maiz, and Gourds with water; and
with another Man dnd Woman went to Sea, in order to go to their own
Country (whence they had been carried, and made Slaves in Hifpaniola,)
and that they were unfortunately met and carried back when two hundred
Miles onwards in their Journey.

Nw The

a

i 8 The Natural Fhiftory of Jamaica.

The hollow on the top of the Tree contains a white fat and juicy Pith,
with which, as well as rhe young Leaves, the Negroes cure their Wounds
and old Ulcers. This Wood is ufed in Brafile to rub fire with, making a
hole in ir, and turning round in it another harder till it takes fire.

The tender tops are adftringent, their juice is good again{t Fluxes, ims
moderate Catamenia and Gonorrhea. Pifo. It is good againtt the immoderaté
Lochia, if a PoultefS of the Leaves be applyedtothe Navel. dem.

Peter Martyr, and Lop. de Gem. tell a Story of an old Jndians curing a
very great Wound, whereby the Arm was almoft cut off from the Shoulder,
with a PoultefS of the Leaves of this Tree. But they fay this Trec has an
edible Fruit, which I never obférved ; at leaft that ‘twas eat.

The tops cure new and old Wounds, and are Cauflick, eating the proud
Flefh, and generating new. Oviedo.

This being hollow, and very light, I believe may be what was madé ufé
of by the Brafilians to filh on, fome pieces being joined together, and very
faft tied, they called them their Piperis, in every thing fupplying the ufé
of Boats, as well as Bull-Ruthes, or with the gyptians the Scapi of
the Papyrus. De Lery tells us that they can never Drown on them, and
thar on thefe, they fifh fingly, and thar they might be made ufe of here on
Ferries.

The Fruit looks like Worms, and is wholefome and _pleafant. Lop. de
Gom. !

Pigeons feed much on this Fruit, and the Wood is ufed by Turtlers for
buoys to their Nets. "I

The Leaves are rough and polifh Timber. ‘The inner Rind, laid-to frefh
Wounds, with the outer tied onit, Cures them. Varchas. Latt: ~~

That this is mentioned in two diftinct places, as two feveral Trees, by
Fobnfion in his Dendrelogy,, is, 1 think, as plain as that they are the fame,
fo that I much wonder at Dr. Plukenct’s remark in p.75. and 76. of his

Mantiffa.

XXL. Fezopyrum fcandens, fen volubilis nigra major, flore & frutiu membra-
naceis, fulrotundis, compreffis.. Cat p 46. Tab.go. Fig.1. ae

This Woodbind has round ted fucculent Stalks, by which it winds and
turns its felf round any Tree or Shrub it comes near, rifing feven or eight
Foot high, ithas every Inch or half Inchtowards the top, Leaves growing out
of the Sralk alternatively. They have a quarter of an Inch long Foor-Stalks
are grafs green, juicy, {mooth, thick, an Inch and a quarter long, and one Inch
éver at the bafe, being near upon of a triangular heart figure, or very

much refembling thofe of the Convoloulus niger femine triangalo. C. B. Ex

alis foliorum, towards the top, come out the Flowers, they are very many
plac’d on three Inches long Spikes, by a very fhort Petiolus, they are round,

at, fwell'd out in the middle, and green, and have a thin white membrane
round them, looking like a Parfnip Seed. When thefe membranes are ripe
Seed, they differ nothing from what they appear at firft coming out when
Flowers, butin being fomewhat Jarger, and having their protuberant part in
the middle, turn of a browncolour from a et |

It grows among the Trees near the Ruins of a Monaftery by the
Town. 3 | :
This, by its Defcription and Figure, appears to be quire different from
thé Plant, Dr. Piukenet thinks, (Mant. p. 74.) it may be, viz. Fago triticum
majus volubile Virginianum, Oe. | Sa a

XXIV. 4 ge

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 4 3 9

XXIV. Volubilis nigra, radice alba ant purpurea maxima, tuberofa, efculenta,
farinacea, caule membranulis extantibus alato, folio cordato nervofo. Cat. p. 46,
Ignafme de Biet. p. 335- Cambares de Flacourt. p» 115. An Owihares Ejafd ib?
racine noire-de Maire. p. 99. An Ricophora Magna Virginiana bryonia Nigre
modo volubilis, fingularis folio nervolo flexili, caule tetragoxo ad angulos alato
Plukenet. Alms. p. 321 2 Tames of Dampier ? p.9 2? Aa Rizophora caule alato ru-
bente folio fineulari Flerm. par. Bat. Cat. p. 11? Ph

The Root isa Foot or more long, Brown on the outfides, with feveral
long Fibers, running out on all fides to draw its Nourifhment. — It is very
thick, fometimes roundifh, being within vifcid, before ic be boiled, and of
a ‘white, or reddith purple colour, and very mealy when boiled : of the big-
ne(S of ones Leg or Thigh. The Stalk is of the bignefs of a Goofe-Quill,
{quare, at each corner having a thin, reddifh, extant Membrane, making
it alated.- It rurns and winds its felf round Poles by this Stalk, rifing nine
or ten Foot high, and putting forth Leaves at every three Inches diftance,
fet oppofite to one another, having two Inches long, green, {quare, alated
Foot-Stalks. ‘The Leaves are two [nches and a half long, an Inch and three
quarters broad atthe round Bafe, Almoft of the fhape of a Heart, and
pointed, of a yellowith green colour, having many Ribs, taking their'be-
ginning from the end of the Foor-Stalk, as from a common Center, with
tran{verfe ones between. Ex alis foliorum come Inch or more long Strings,
with {mall Flowers of a yellowifh green colour, to which follow many dark
brown, finall Seeds, of an irregular fhape, flicking fometimes to the String,
and fometimes to its Branches.

Knox {ays that in Zeylon they grow wild in the Woods, and are there
as good as thofé planted, only they ate’ more‘fcarce, and grow deeper, and
fo are more difficult to be plucked up, therefore are generally planted and
very cheap. | EN jL4e3,

Thole of Madagafcar plant them in Fields plain and untitld, and: after
twelve months dig, and keep them in Magazines,’ They are planted by
the people for their King in November in holes a Foot {quare, and at two
Foot diftance. Zd.

They grow in many places of the Eaff and Weff-Indies. Dampier.

They are eaten as Bread, being rofted under the Fire, or boiled, being
very mealy. ‘They are eaten likewife with Pepper and Oil, and for Bread
in Guincey.

They are planted, having no Seed, by putting a {mall cut piece of one
of the Roots into the ground. Lery.

The Zudians fay that a great Caraibe, or Prophet, brought thefe, and
taught a young Woman how co plant them by pieces, from whence they are
come comion, and eat in lieu of Bread. Zhevet.Cofmogr. Thefe people
lived on wild Herbs and Roots before. His figure is fabulous.

The Author of the Avi/. Lugd. Confounds this and Potatoes, for thefe
Yams are not planted by the Slip bur Root, =~ : 2589
They fend them with Earth-Nuts, (Arachidna,) for Lisbon, from St. Zhome,
to Vidtual their Slaves by the way. Clif. > | |
Rotlf, doubts whether this Root, being like Caffada, ic be not that-inno-
cent one of Brafil, may be eaten, but thatis another, and particular kind of

Tuca. :
They grow in Zeylan. The Roots are eat by Swine and other Creatures.
The Juice of the Leaves is good againft Scorpions \biting. The Root pow-
dered with Catupanna-Kelengn, is ftrewed on malignant Ulcers, with good
fuccefS, and ufed in Fomentations. 4. M1. Jistt

XXV. Vi (n

etn.

no The Netra Hilly of Yasin,

$$

XXV. Volubilis nigra, radice suberofa compreffa maxima digitata farinacea
efculenta folio cordato nervofo. Cat. p. 46. Negro Country Tams.

This has a great Root a Foot broad, and flatter than the former, almoft
palmated, or digitated after the manner of fome Orehis’s, of a durty brown
colour onthe out fide. The Stalks are not alated, but round, in all other
things they are the fame with the former.

They are both planted by cutting the Root in pieces, of about an Inch
{quare, with a piece. of the Rind on it, the larger the piece the bigger the
Yam, Planting them in March or before, after Chviffmas they are at their
full growth.

The Seed is not fruitful. :

They being cut into pieces and boiled or rofted, are eaten by Negros,
Slaves, or Europeans, inftead of Bread, being a dry, mealy, pleafant, and
very nourifhing Root, and for this end are very much planted here.

Swine are fatted with thefe Roots in Zeylan. HY. MM. :

XXVI. Perfcaria urens five hydropiper © B. pia. Cat. p. 47. An Eloquitic
heria geniculata Flernand. p.210? Perficaria Americana anguftiori folio hirfuta
St. aléis Plukenet. Alm. p.288 ? |

This Arfmart fends out from eyery joint, touching the water or mud, a
great many two Inch long Fibrils, fhooting themfelves into them, thence
drawing their Nourifhment. “The Stalk is round, jointed at every Inch and
an half; not -flraight, but inclining a little downwards, and two Foor. long:
At every joint there isa Protubcrance, and at it upwards is an half Inch long
Membrane, covering the Stalk... ‘The,Leaves come out at each joint alterna-
tively ftanding on Inch long Foet-Stalks, they are eight Inches long, and. two
broad, where broadeft, fmooth,, and in every thing like Perficaria Leaves,
The Flowers fland on the topsyof the Branches, Spike fafhione/, like in
colour, erc.' te thofe of: the ordinary Perficarias, and to them follows a
biack, flat, roundifh, fhining, fmooth Seed, having two fmall Prickles os
points at cach end. ,

It grows by River fides, and in moift grounds all over the Ifland, and
comes very near, if it be sot altogether the fame with our common European
Perficaria.

A Fomentation of the Leaves of tbis, takes away old Aches and Colds. of
the Joints. Applied to the Os palis, makes one Pils, if they be ftop'd froma
eoldcaute. Itis'a-very good Cauflick, and ufed by Chirurgeons in Purrid
and Wormy Ulcers, for that caufe. Ic.takes away hacdned cumours,../ fo.
Iris Commended. in this’ cafe by, Paracelfas. :

Jt is hot and dry, wafls Tumours, and. diffolves congealed Blood or echy-
mofis.. Some of -it put under the Saddle, and rub’d on a Horfes Back re-
frefhes a tired Jade. Ger.

Boiled in water, and applied, it carries away ill Humours fromthe Eyes.
If beaten and applied with the Juice-it helps purulent Eyes. It takes off
Spots from the Body, if the Juice be rubd on them Morning and Evening.
Ic difcuffes hard Bruifes and Swellings. Dorf.

- Flies, Gnats, or Fleas, come not near this Herb or its Juice, and there-
fore ’tis very good for fordid Ulcers. Zrag. and to keep thefe Vermine from
Rooms ftrowed with it.

Its Juice kills Worms in the Ear.

The Leaves dried are ufed for Pepper. Diofcorid.

The Oil is good for a knotty Gout, which is made of the Juice of
Arfmart, Lovage, and Shepherds-Purfe of cach q, { Five Black Weathers
Heads, and fifteen Frogs boiled in /a/zeo, in two quarts of Oil, to oe dif-
- olution

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 141

folution of the Bones, then poured off and kept for ufe, it is good in To-
phaceous, and Ocdematous Tumiours. Lob. OLf.
~ The Juice of the whole Plant, *bating the Root, boiled, in Sergelim Oil,
isa, Cephalick Jiniment, even to be applied in bleedings of the Nofe. The
tender Leaves cum oryze lotura, made into a Potion, diminifhes the humour
Paddave. HH, M. |
This Hecb Boiled with Oil makes a Liniment againft the Gout. The
Root being taken with hot water, loofens the Belly. The Leaves given in
fower Milk affwage the {ivellings of the Belly. A. At. a |
Bruifed.and given with fower Milk, it takes away the griping of the Guts.

XXVII. Potamogeiton aquis immerfam folio pellucido, lato, oblongo, acuta:
Raii hiff. p. 188. Cat. p. 48. Ax potamogiton pellucidum uoftras, feliis longis,
peranguftis, apicibus acutis, Plukenet. Alm. p.304?

This grows very plentifully in the falc and frefh water Rivers. in the
Caymanes.

XXVIN. Avaranthoides humile Curalfavicum foliis polygoni. Par. Bat. prodr.
Par, Bs puto Cat; p. 48. Fad. 865: Figs we sci sogedic Hasse! TE
The Stalks. of this Herb are round, reddifh, tender, hairy, jointed, and
fpread on the Surface of, the Earth for fome Feet in length... Almoft every
Joint puts forth fome {mall Roots or Fibrils into. the Earth, as alfo fome
Leaves of a dark green.colour, and :fmooth.above, hairy underneath, bigger;
but of the fhape of thofe of Polyzounm. At every joint likewife come out
many white. Tufts of Elowers, made up of many long. white. Membranes,
dry, and not fading, .:laid (quammatim, one, oyer angther, very. clofe, and
~ making in, all a round, Conglomerated Head. The)Seeds, are; round; flat,
and af a:Chelnur cologp <<; ovp ota bi covet god Jo gerd 0
It grows'in the Savazpas, near,the Town,of Sti Fage de la Vega, very plene
tifully. 6 pwoT Odi tuods 220810 Insovet bas wodotid nievor 3
Poe pine © OEP = :
XXIX. Amaranthoid:s humile Curaffavicum foliis cepea lucidis, capitulis albis,
par, Bat. prod. p- 45 _. Gaby Pe PBeryigs oo lo A oes ‘ o.
..From.the:Roor of 4 are icatrered, on every hand, a.great.many trailing
Branches, lying an:the {rface of the Earth....Ehey area Foot long, round,
red, jointed at every Inches diftance, {mooth, fimall, and having Branches
{er oppofite the, ons.to the: other,at.every,) joint: The Leaves are almoft
tound, green, one third, of an Inch long, coming out oppofite to one and-
ther on the {maller Branches, upon the ends.of..which, for the moft; part;
aHooF the. twigs at every joint, come the Flowers, being, fet round in a
Head, . pretty: clofe, togesher, like the, Trefoils, cach of them being long, tu-
bulous, yellow withie,.and whiceabove, haying feveral, yellow Stamina,
the. whole being a round,Head,. made\up ef many.dry Leaves or Menis
rie laid clofe, {qgammatim one.over. the.other,.asjim, others. of this
fms near the Sea, fideamong, the Sale Marthes, at the Canoes ricar old
arbour.
Ipisfamewhat in qualities like,to,Sampier, the fhort Branches and Leaves
are a little boiled, and being covered with Vinegar, are kept-as a Pickle to
eat with Victuals, opening Obftructions, moving Ursin, and exciting the
Appetite, Pf. he: heigec A oe

O 6 SXK. Ane

142 = The Natural Eiftory of Jamaica.

XXX. Amarantus fruticofus eredtus, {pica viridi, laxa & ftrigofa. . Cat. p. a8.

Tab. 9x. Fig. 1. . ee
This Shrub has’ greenifh, woody, and {mall Stalks, it rifes to about two

Foot and a half high. The Leaves are many, fmooth, of a dark green
- colour, plac’d along the Branches without order, having half an Inch long
Foot-Stalks. They are an Inch long, andthree quarters broad, a little from -
the round Bafe where broadeft, and whence they decreafe by degrees to
the point. The Flowers fland in Spikes at the tops of the Branches,
about three Inches long, are not open, but made up of five Leaves, of a
yellowifh green colour, in the middle of which is a large blackifh Stylus,
which comes in fome time to be a Seed-Veiflel or Husk, containing feveral
Seeds, each of which is fcarce difcernible to the Eye, fhining, and of a
brown colour, roundifh, and hollow on one fide like a Difh if viewed by
the Microfcope. awe =e
+ Ie grows by the Banks of Rio Cobre, near the Town.

XXXI. Amarantus Siculus {picatus radice perenni Boccone. Raii hiff. p. 203.
Plukenet. Tab: 260. Fitz. -€atopi4ag. ~*~ : :

This Plant rifesthree or four Foot high,’ by a {quare, jointed, brownifh green
Stalk,having Branches fet oppofite to one another, ex alis foliorum, at
about two’ Inches diftance. ‘The Leaves‘ftand on one third part of an Inch
long Feot-Stalks, ‘the greater ones beirig three Inches and an half long, and
two: broad iti the middle; where-broadeft, with‘one middle Rib, being
score e = ~ dit, woolly, {mooth, and pointed.’ The Flowers ftand
in Spikes on‘the’B: cS éhids, ‘fix or feven Inches lon 3, being placed on
every fide ofthe Stalk; a peiie at firft nothing but {hort teddifh Hairs -
or Filaments, after which follow rough, ‘prickly, green, reflected Cxpfila’s
or Cones, each of which is divided into five points, containing in it one
fmall oblong Seéd, ‘reddifh; like’ Wheat, only fimaller: - ) =

It grows in Ditches, and feveral places about the Town of St. Fage de la
Vega, and inthe Ifland Madera.

XXXII. Amarantus, panicula flavicante, gracili, holofericea. Cat.p.49. Tab. gd:
Fig. 2.’ Amirinthis nodfus pallifcentibus bliti foliis parvis, Americanus multi-
plici; {peciofa, [pica, laxa few panicula para candicante Plukenet. Almag. p. 26.
Phit 1%. Tab, 2612 Figer. al eC OO08. ott 22399 Jae :
“This had weak, cornered; yellowith green, hollow, fmooth Stalks, needing
the fupport, though ene d, its‘neighbouting Plants, rifing to a-
bout three Foothigh, beings big a Goofe Quill; ‘and having-few joints,
and'therear Leaves, {tanding“eppo € to’ one another,” on half an Inch long’
FoorStalks, ‘they’ are ‘about°an InclY and ‘an half long,’ and about half as
broad ‘near the\round Bafe;" where. broadeft, and from whence they end ina
point, being ‘fthooth, and°of ‘a yellowith green colour.’ ‘“The°tops of the
Stalks, as weil as‘Branches,gtowing’ ex°al#s fol. are branched Panicles, or
branched Spikes of Flowers of a pale. yellow colour, fhining like Silk, ‘as
fome of this Kind; ‘only they*are much -{maller than any I know, otherwife
like them in every thing elfe. vised

‘It grew in the'Hedges of Lime-Trees, among the Sugar Plantations in Gya-
navoa; as well-asiint molt. of the Caribes, °° ic} , S21

XXXUL Blitum album majus feandens, Cat. p. 49. Tab. 91. Fig.'2.° Ane
maranthus Americanus, altiffimus longifolius, foicis & viridi albicantibus. Plum

Tournef. Inft. p 235 2
This

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica, 43

This has a green Stalk asthick as ones Thumb; weak not able to {uppore
its {elf without the help of Shrubs or Trees, on which it leans, growing five,
fix, or more Feet high, putting out here and there Branches, having» Leaves
at about an Inch and an halfs diftance, ftanding om Inch long Foot-Stalks.
They are three Inches long, and half as broad, near the middle, where
broadeft, being narrow at the end of the Foot-Stalk, widening by degrees to
near the middle, from whence they decreafe to the end. They are {mooth,
of a dark green colour, and foft. Ex alis fol. come the feveral Spikes of
Flowers, the Branches faftaining them, being two/or three Inches long. At
every half Inch isa Spike of Flowers about an Inch long. They are like
thofe of the Blites or Amaranti, pale green or of an’ herbaccous colour, a
great many together, cach of which has five Apices, a'yellowifh Stylus, and
Stamina: after thefe follow in’ green Seminal Vefiels, or Husks, breaking:
horizontally, {mall black Seeds, thining, comprefsd, and of the Figure of
a Kidney. !

It grew in a Wood by the Banks of the Rio Cobre, near the Town on the
fame fide of the River, and on the Road between that place and Paffage Fort,
very plentifully, a <Ysrey- 3

XXXIV. Blitum Americanum Jpinofum. Raii hifko poigg. Cate pr'gge Rede
Weed of Barbados: HRIQME ft Bona RED. bred -si-2vt019

An oblong deep reddifh Root, with fome Fibers, fends up.one, roundith,
red, ftrong, ftriated Stalk, which has ifeveral Branches of the fame colour,
going out ex alis fol. The Leaves come along the: Branches without any
order, and are like thofe of the fimall Blites, and of a reddifh colour, and .
ufually under them are fome fharp, fhort, {mall prickles. The Flowers come
in-long Spikes’ on the-tops.of.the. Branches, are of an herbaceous colotir,
and like thofe of the other Blites, and after them, follow, fimall, black,”
fhining flat Seeds, like the-orhers of this Kind.) ao en) 0 ir) | ’
“Tt. grows every where by the way fides in famaica, and: the Caribe
“The Leaves of this; as *ofcothers of its’ Kind,-‘are eaten in the Zndies.
Hlerm. eatnmil: brie ziie?.to. yi: 2 $1

a we
* a 4
-~ ,

XXXV. Blitwm minus album polfpermon folio fulrotundo. Cat. p. 49. Tab. 91.
Fig..t. Ans Blitum Virginianum Poly{permon -ereétum viride, D:!Sherard.
Pluken. Alm. p 68. Caterpillers or Culilu. |
“The Root islarge, ftrong, perpendicularly fix’d in the Earth, {traight,
reddifh towards! the top,:and fendingout round. it feveral Branches on
évery hand ,oftem trailing onthe ground, and very rarely erect, two-or three:
Foor ‘long, ftriated, grecn;.and: fucculent, along which come out fevéral,
heaves,’ in thape,@e. exaatly like thofe of the {malhwhite Blite;-only fome+
thing longer, and now and then covered witha brownifh. Farina. . The Elowers:
aresSpike fafhioned, very) numerous, dlong the’ Branches, they» are green,
like thofe of this Kind, and. to-each Flower follows: one Seed, round,’
compreficd, black, fhining, and. little; very well inclofed in a pale green -

BeRbaneionh. ..o> .4- 4%) -a NORA a OY Rn: Pa

It grows every where inthe low Lands, and Plantations, and is to b2 gas

ther: Verysplentifully every°where after,Rain. 1/0 Si3¥6

“It is gathered :and> when the Leaves are ftript off, and boiled as a Sallet;
is (one of the pleafancelt fever tafted, having fomething of a more fragrant
and grateful taft, than any of thefe Herbs f ever knew : whence likewile’tis
fhred and boiled:inPortages of ‘all forts,and fo eaten, is emollient, loofaing,

&

and provokes to a Stool,

it

144 ‘Lhe Natural Eiftory of Jamaica. ue

Ic is ufed in Clyfters in the Belly-ach, as the beft and moft common emol-
lient Herb, this Country aifords. |

It is eat as Spinage, ec. for the fame purpofes. Pif. Marz. |

Marcgraves Figure is good. The Figure here exhibited was taken in time.
of drough.

XXXVI. Blitum polygonoides viride, few ex viridi & albo variegatum, poly-
enthos. Cat.p. 49. Tab.92. Fig.2.

Upon every fide of a white, aeep, and fingle Root, are {pread feveral
Foot long, green, round Stalks. The Leaves are fet alongthe Branches, and
juft like thofe of the {mall, wild, green Blite, only fometimes they are va-
riegated very pleafantly with a large white {pot. “The Flowers come out of
the Stalk very thick on every fide round it for near its whole length, but more
efpec’ally ex alis fol. without any Foot-Stalks. Each of them is {mall penta-
petalous, of a pale green colour, with a purple f{troak on each of the Petala,
and a green Stamen within, after each of which follows a round, comprefs’d,
blackith brown fhining Seed.

If any one will make this a Polyzonum they fhall have my leave, for
it is fomewhat axomalous, and becaufe of its pretty large perfect Flower,
ought to be neither Blite nor Polygonum. :

It grows in hard Claiy grounds, and amongft Rubbifh, every where a-
bour the Town of St. Fago de la Vega.

This is not the /ortulace afinis polygonoides hliti folio & facie Madersfpa-
tenfis of DrsPluken.. in his. Phyt. Zab. 120, Fig. 3. as he thinks it may,
p-155. 08 his’ Muntiffa. \ i.

XXXVIL Blitum pes Anferinusdidtum Rati. Cat. p. 49+ .Goole-Foot or
Sowbane.

I found this growing on the fides of the Streets, and by the High-way
fides near the Town of St. Fago de la Vega. et feemed not to differ from
that of Europe, only the Root was larger, the Stalks reddifh, not fo high,
and the Leaves were whiter, being covered over with a whitifh Meal, all
which may come from the variety of Soils and Climates.

If ic beeaten by Swine it kills them. Lov. Zrag. Fuchy.

XXXVIII. Parietaria foliis ex adverfo nafcentibus, urtice racemifera flores
Cap: p. §0. Tab. 93. Fig. del}
could nov:cbferve this-Parictaria here, in any thing different from that in
Burope;onty' the-Branchés-and Leayes ftand oppofite one tothe other. at:
joints, and‘ the’ Stalks»are {quare,: green, fmooth, and fhining, fometimes.
reddifh. Fhe Flowers are racemofe; having Strings like Nettles coming out’
ex-alis. foliorum:. 1 am apt to believe on thefe: {cores it may..be.really-diffe-
renr fronrthe Parietaria’s of Europe. paste on fie japeksinid
_It grows on: the fides of the fhady Rocks going to fixteen: Mile walk, and.
feveral {uch like places of this Hland. - lr Qo :

XXXIX. Kali fruticofum, coniferum, flore albo. Cat. p. 50. Another fort of

This has feveral upright, woody, round, gray Stalks, about a Foot high,
branched -towards thestops, and having there many round, green Leaves,
three-quartersiof an Inchlong, fucculent, and fale to the taft, fer ufually ope;
pofite:to:one another, and fomething like the Leaves of Wali, the Flowers;
are white, very! fmalk: and:coming out from between the green Scales,-of.
a{mall Cone, never, or very feldom bringing Seed. :

$3 It

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 145

It grows on the fandy, falc, marifh Grounds at Paffage Fort in the very
Town, and in other fuck places in this Ifland.
It is pickled and candied in Barbados.¢

XL. Herniaria lucida aquatica. Cat. p.50. Tab.93. Fig: 2. |

The Roots of this are many, {mall and hairy. The Stalk is greeri, rourid,
erect, lucid, or almoft tranfparent, about a Foot high, having on each fide
alternatively a {mall Branch, and oppofite to ita tuft of Leaves, and outof
the Branches after the fame manner come Twigs, having very {mall, green,
lucid Leaves, like thofe of Pelygonum, -only {maller in every part, very thick
fet, one againft another. The Flowers come out ex corum ala, on very {mall
Petioli, either reddifh, or green, which looked on by the Eye, arm’d witha
Microfcope, appear Tetrapetalous. The Seed follows as {mail as duft.

The whole Plant is adftringent to the tatt.

It grows onthe Banks of moft Rivers, and on the wet fides of Rocks.

XLI. Corchoro afinis, chamedryos folio, flore ftaminzo, feminibus atris qaas
drangulis duplici ferie difpofitis. Cat. p.'50. Tab. 94. Figs 1s Ap Corchorus
Americanus minor carpini folio filiqua anguffjfima ex lateribus ramulorum proves
niente. Br. pr. 2. p. 36? ;

This has avery deep blackifh coloured Root, which fends up a round;
brownith, woody Stem, rifing three or four foot high, being divided into
Branches onevery Hand. The Leaves come out feveral rogether, fome greater,
fome fmaller, at half an Inches diftance, on half an Inch long Foot-Stalks.
They are half an Inch long, and a quarter broad, at Bafe where broadeft;
of a grafs green colour, indented about the edges, and tmooth, Oppofite
to the Leaves comes yellow Flowers, being tamincous, after: which follows
a two Inch long, dark brown Pod, or Seed-Veilel, fomething like thafe of
the Sefamum, only having tworound fides, iniicad of four, five, or fix; in each
of which two rows, are contained, a great many black, quadrangular, ‘{imall
Seeds, the rows or fides being {eparated from one another by a Membrane,
dividing them. The Pod when ripe opens at the end,- and: {catters the Seed.

It grew ona rocky Hill, on which Colonel Fu//er’s Houle was built, and
in feveral rocky grounds near Guanaboa. is

ALI. Aparine paucioribus foliis femine levi. Cat. p. 50. Tab.o4. Fig.2:
The Root is jointed, having at every joint feveral hairy fibers ftriking
themfelves into the Earth, fending up a jointed, greenith {quare Staik, foug
or five Foot high, ftriated, a little rough and hollow, flender, and needing
the {upport of neighbouring Plants. At the joints which are always protus
berant and reddith, {tand the Leaves oppofite one to the other, on an half
Inch long Foot-Stalks, being an Inch and a quarter long, and half an-Inch
broad in the middle where broadeft, of a pale green colour, -a little rough.
The Flowers come out ex alis foliorum, are pale green, Mufcofe, or made
like Fuli, each of which is a quarter of an Inch long. . After thefe follow
feveral brown Seed-Veflels difpofed Verticillatim, two being always joined
together, each being round on one fide, or Semicircular, and flat onthe other,
ne both make a Globe, each half containing one black Seed, of the fame
ape.
? < fm plentifully amongft the Woods going from Town to Gwana-
04, CFC.

Pp Cary

ee nmnenne re ce oe errr teres

1 AG The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. |

Cusp: VI:
Of Elerbs with monopetalous Flowers.

N Jamaica the Tribe of Plants with monopetalous Flowers is pretty
large, efpecially that elegant Setr of them called Convolvuli. They are
mo(t beautifulffor the number and elegancy of the colours of their
Flowers, far excceding thofe of Europe. “Tis fomewhat odd, that
whereas moft of this kind of Plant are Purgative, a fort of Potato,

firtt Convolvulus here mentioned, affords a Root, which by being an Aliment,
goes a great way in affording Nourifhment to the Inhabicants of the hotter
parts of the World. _Icis alfo remarkable that there are more Convolvuli than
one here, which have only one Seed following the Flower; whereas, generally
{peaking, there are in moft Convolvuli three, and yet no petfon verfed in
Herbs, but who on reading the Defeription, or at firft fight of thefe Plants,
but muft by the whole face of the, allow them to be truce Convolvuli.

There are fome of this Tribe that feem fomewhat more anomalous than
ordinary, all I can fay to my reducing them hither, is, that ‘tis the betft
place 1 could find, and thatI fhall be very glad any body of better Judg-
ment will find a more proper.

There aré none in this Tribe ftranger than the Kinds of Aram, many of
which are fcandent, and feveral cultivated for Food, fome for their Roots,
and others for their Leaves, as fhall be {een hereafter. Galen feems to take
a of Colocafia Roots, and Apicins has many Receipts for drefling of
them.

I. Nicotiana major latifolia, C. B. Cat. p.st. Petun de Bouton, p. 80. Tabac.
Ejufd. p. 124. Tabaco de Efquemeling, p. 52. & 57. Talacum few nicotiana
major latifolia Eyft. Petun on Tabacque ow Nicotien de Flacourt. p. 146. p. 146.
Tobacco of Dampier. cap. 12. Tabac de Biet. p.336. De Rochef. Tab. p. 57.
De Olivier Oexmelin. p. 76. De Maire, p. 80. Tabacum Mirand. fin. ty Ear.
p. 873. Sana fantta Indorum five Nicotiana Gallorum, Swert. part. 2. Tab. 23.
Tobacco. i>
_ This growing here agrees exa@ly to the Defcription given of it in
Authors. a sap wcibnd) dane sd j-a9) ts
It is planted by moft Planters in their: Plantations, for the ufe of them
felyes, and in: fome for Sale: ~Before the Eng/ifh rook this Ifland, the Spaniards
had'here as good as any was inthe Zndies, which they were careful of, and
planted it by the dry River; but the Englifh now taking cate of their Seed,
they loft the beft forts, and what they have now :is planted along the Banks
of this River. | oe

‘Tobacco was moft planted, ufed, and in efteem in the North parts of
America, where probably (the want of Provifions being greater than in moft
parts of the World) it in fome meafure help'd the Inhabitants vo pals their
time without them. Nizo/ tells us five of his Company were 16ft: in tithe of
diftrefs, who could not fmoke it, though he confeffes it did not Nourith:
From the Wef-Jadies it was propagated to the Aafl-[ndies, Africa, Ge. dnd
in 1586. ‘twas by Sir Francis Drake brought into Exgland. In all places
where it has come, it has very much bewitched the Inhabitants from the
more polite Ewropeans, to the Barbarous /Zottentots.

: eee

_ This

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 147

This Plant having a Narcotick intoxicating quality, was ufed in the Weft.
Indies by their Priefts, to Dream and fee Vifions by, as appears by Lopez de
Gomara, Roulox Baro, Monardes and Morifot, viz.

The Priefts of Efpanola, called Bohitzs, who are Phyfitians likewife do eat
of this bray’d or made {mall, or the {moak of it is taken into their Noftrils,
when they are to give an{wers, by which they {ee many Vifions, being not
themfelves. The fury being over they recount for the will of God what
they have feen. When they Cure they thut themfelves up with the Sick,
{urround him, fmoaking him with the fame, fuck out of his Shoulders what
they fay was his Difeafe, fhowing a Stone or Bone they kept in. their
Mouths, which Women keep as Relicks, thinking they facilitate Birth.
Lopez, de Gomara.

They cannot in Brafl Sacrifice without Tobacco, nor confult the Devil
in their Affairs. The Prieft offers a great Pipe of Tobacco, and Blefles
them with its Smoak. Reulox Baro, p.r25 and 238.

In going to War and Weddings the Devil {moaks out of a Coco, andthe
Prieft Incenfes the People. Morifot. 300.

Priefts, and Jndian \nchanters, take the fume till drunk, and fall in an
Extafie, giving an ambiguous an{wer, and thentell people of the fuccefs of
their bufinefs. ox.

The Oil or Juice dropt into the Ear is good againft DeafnefS, and is ufed
outwardly again{t Burns. Ger.

A Clyfter being ready to be given with a Bladder, the fmall end of
a Tobacco-Pipe was put into the Bladder and tied (but fo that it mighr
be drawn clofer after the Pipe is pulled out) that had Tobacco in the Bole,
which only blowing the Smoak thereof into the Bladder, and fo given
(as a Clyfter) hath given perfe& eafe. Park. This Cuftom is yet con-
tinued of giving Tobacco {moak Clyfters, with fuccefs in Colicks.

It was brought into France by one Nicotius, an Ambaflador, who got it
at Lisbon of a Flandriquen, who came from Florida about 1560. ©. B, pin.

The Seed lies long before it rifes from the ground, therefore it is fown in
Autumn. 7. B.:

The Syrup of the Juice, or infufion in Wine, is a good Afthmatick Re-
medy. Park. Meit 4 |

Four or five Ounces of the juice drank by one, a ftrong Man, in a
Dropfie, purg’d him vehemently up and down, and then put him into a Sleep,
after which he call’d for Meat, and was cur'd. Dod.

If Tobacco be Bruifed and put on Wounds, it Cures them if fmall, if
large they muft be wath’d with Wine and ftitch’d. This was taught our
Men by the Zndians, and did us much fervice in conquering Provinces,
They Burn Shells, and mix the Powder with this Leaf, holding a Pill between
their Teeth and under Lip, {wallowing ever now and then the Spittle, ir
hinders the fence of Hunger or Thirft for three or four days. The Green
Leaf put on the Spleen, helps its Obftructions, or a Rag dipt in its juice.
If-it be ufed likewife in rd or in Subftance chawed, it draws away the
Flegm occafioning it. Fragof. | és

i is heating sed gee cleanfing, tefolving, binding, and is'a Counter-
Poyfon, from thence it is called Aferba Saxtaof the Portugueft. The frefh Leaves
ant their Juieé, and Balfom, do nor only check ‘cancerous Ulcers, bur heal
poyfonotis Bires.: The Water, or other ‘convenient Liquot, in which it hag -
been infufed, kills: Lice; and cleanfésthe Head of many of its Skins Difcafes:
The Afhes of it, when dry, kill Worms. Chaw’d it takes away Hunger
and Wearinefs?, By its {picy: quality it ftrengthens the Stomach and Heart.
It fometimes caufes vomiting, at other times Slecp, and draws away Flegm

from the Brain, if f{moak’d or chaw’d, making fometimes thofe aes mi
| runk
Es ,

148 The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

4

Drunk. The Syrup of Tobacco is good againft the A/fima and Dropfie,
but muft be given with Caution, becaufe it fometimes Works Very Vi0-
lently. Pifo.

Ic is fharp to the taft, hot and dry in the third Degree. The Smoak
makes one Spit much Flegm, it is good forthe A/fhma, and Wheefing, cures
Hyfterick Fits, ftrengthens the Head, brings Sleep, eafes Pain, and takes
away WearinefsS. A Leaf rubbed with an oiled Hand, and applied hor to
the Stomach and Back helps Digeftion, and Cures Surfeits; the fame dif-
cuffles a {well’d Spleen, eafes pains from Cold, cleanfes ancient and can-
cerous Ulcers, begetting Flefh, and cicatrizing them. The Juice dropt into
the Wound, fome dry Powder fltrowed on it, and the Marc put on after the
fame way Cures Wounds of the Head, if the Bones or Nerves be not
touched. It Cures the Tooth-ach put into the hollow Tooth. The Powder
taken at the Nofe hinders one from pain, and the tenfe of Stroaks. As much
as a Nut-Shell will hold of the Bark Inebriates, making them half dead
and Mad, but thofe who ufe it much lofe their Colours, have inflam d Livers,
{quallid Tongues, and falling into Cach-xia and Droptie dye. It refifts Poy-
fon, fome of the Powder, or Juice put into the wounded and poyfoned
part, this was the Remedy ufed by the Cannibals ; and try’d ona Dog by
the King of Spaix. It Eafes the Gout, and all pains from Wind. The De-
coction {prinkled about the Houfe kills Flies. Dry Leaves powdered ten
parts, with Lime chawed one part, brings Sleep, cafes pain, gives pati-
ence, Cures the Tooth-ach and pain of the Stomach. The Leaves are
good for Strwme, and are chawed for the Gout and fried with Butter, the
Oil rubd, Cures the Colick. A Syrup made by Infufion and Decodtion is
good againft Worms, to two Spoonfuls. The Juice is given by fome to
four or five Ounces, but is too violent a Purger upwards and downwards.
The diftill’d water is good likewife. A Leaf ufed like a Suppofitory, Cures
Quartanes. Hernand.

They mix the Sced with five times fo: much Afhes, Sow it, and cover the
ground with Branches to keep of too much Sun, and replant it in a rainy time,
at three Foot {quare diftance; weeding it, and croping the top when going to
Flower, as alfo the under Leaves, leaving ten or twelve Leaveson each Stalk,
about two Foot high, clearing it of new Shoots every eight days. Whenthe
Leaf, by doubling breaks, they cut it, and {tring it, fo as not to touch one
another, and after fifteen days drying, take off the Leaves, out the Ribs,
and twine it with Salt water into Ropes, to be made in Rolls. Zertre.

_ Ximenes tells.a Story of one, who. in fifteen.days, with exceffive taking
Tobacco, at all Hours, Chocolate and Wine, had his Legs and Feet fwelled,
and was all broke out, and argues:that it gives no Nourifhment, Nor, if
it be Phyfick, ough: at all times tobe ufed. © : Rat

It was anciently ufed by the Jndians for a Vulnerary, and only fent into
Spain for its Handfomnefs for Gardens, but isnow in ule for its Faculties,
Its name was Picielt, Tobacco was given to it by the Spaniards, from the
Ifland of that name, where it grew very frequently. The Leaves Cure
the Head-ach, being applied to it after being heated, and the Tooth-ach be-
ing put into the hollow Tooth. They eafe all outward pains from the
Stomach, Stone, ahd Uterus. The Smoak wakesan Hyfterick Perfon. Moz.

Sir Richard Greenfield, on his difcovery of Virginia in 1585. found the
Indians wfed Tobacco in Clay-Pipes for their Health, whence he brought
{ome Pipes, and they were made after the fame Fafhion in England, and
thence ufed very much at Court. Clif. | a

Tobacco was firlt fhowed in the Eu/?-Jndies by the Dutch Seamen. Van-

derhagen.

Seamen

The Natural Fiflory of Jamaica. 149

oe. ae

Seamen ufed to carry Pipes about them made of Palm Leaves, in which
they fmoaked to eafe their wearinefS, bringing forth much Phiegm: Ic
takes away Hunger and Thirft, Lob.

After the Indians have gathered it, and hang’d it up by {mall handfuls, and
dry’d it intheir Houfes, they take four or five Leaves, and wrapthem upina
great Leaf of a Tree, like a Paper made like a Funnel ia which Spices are
put, and put fire to the end, and draw it into their Mouths, which although
the Smoak comes out again, yet by it they fubfift three or four days. When
they go to War, or deliberate on it, they {moak and fpeak, if they take
too much of it, it inebriates as Wine, and occafions great difturbance in
thofe who take it. Thevet.

It is a Counter-Poyfon. <Acoffa.

It is ufed in Leaves rolled up and fmoak’d, they, who take it, lye fenfe-
lef and ftupefied moft part of the day and night. Others take more mode-
rately, having a Vertigo. I was forced out of the Houtes by Smoak.
Priefts and Phyficians are the fame in all placeswhere Iwas. They Smoak,
and lie ftupefied.

‘Tis very likely the Powder mentioned by Fernan Colon. p. 125. to be
fack’d from the Statue of Cemi, was this, for with it the Zndians went out
of their Senfes like drunken Men, and likewife *tis the Cogioba of Roman
there. p. 132. and Cohoba, with which drawn by the Nofe in Powder, the
Bohitis are out of their Senfes, and pretend Revelations. p.144. They give
likewife the Powder to purge the difeafed with. 4. It makes them fee
People and Houfes topfie turvvy. p. 138.

It was in Juice ufed againft poyfoned Arrows, in place of Sublimat at
Porto Rico. Lugd. and for Wounds and Ulcers in Cattle, and was eaten to
prevent the Gout. id.

It is very vulnerary Oviedo.

Upon the whole matter ‘tis moft certain, not only by the Eye Witneffes
abovementioned, but many others, that Tobacco is a Plant of very ex-
traordinary Vertues, not only for ill natur’d Ulcers, but even poyfon’d
Wounds. That chawed, fnuf’d or {moak’d, tis good for Catarrhs, Head-
aches, Rheums, Defluxions, the Gout, Afthma, cc. “Tis likewife very
ceitain that the Priefts or Phyfitians made ule of this to intoxicate them-
felves withal, and afterwards to abufe the People, by telling them what
they faw, or pretended to fee, or forefeé in {uch Extafies, would be the
event of Wars, ec. From this Narcotick quality it is, that thofe who ufe
it improperly, or in excefs, turn yellowifh, fall into Obfiructions, and
(user almoft the fame Accidents as Perfons that drink exceffively of fer-
mented Liquors, or take Opium in too great a quantity. From this Nar-
cotick quality it is alfo not unlikely that it takes off the fenfe of Hun-
ger, thereby calming the Mind, whereby ‘tis hindered from fretting the

Body.

Wl. Gentianella flore ceruleo, integro vafculo feminali ex humidi contain im-
patiente, Cat. p. 52. Tab. 93. Fig. 1. Gentianella utriu{que India impatiens
foliis agerati, Pluken. Phyt. Tab. 186. Fig.2. Alm, p.167. Spirit-Leaf.

This has feveral brown, round, ftraight, an Inch and an half long Roots,
almoft finger’d like thofe of the Oenanthe’s. From thefe rife two or three
Stalks, four or five Inches high, at about one Inches diftance jointed, and four
{quare, and at the joints come out the Leaves. They are fomething like thofe
of Mercurialis, of a dark blewifh green colour. Ex alis feliorum, come the
Flowers. They are large, monopetalous, like thofe of the Convolvuuli, Bell
fafhion’d, and of a delicate blew colour, after which {ucceeds a four fquare,
brown, Inch long Seed Veflel; containing a great many flat, brown Seeds.

: : = Qg 7 When

150 The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

When any wet touches the end of the Seed Veflel, with a {mart noife, and
fudden leap it opens its felf, and with a {pring {catters its Seed to a pretty
diftance round it, where it grows.

It grows under the Shrubs in the Savanzas about the Town, and is in per-
fection fome time after a rainy feafon.

The admirable contrivance of Nature, in this Plant, to propagate its felf, —
is moit plain, for the Seed-Veflels being the beft preferver of the Seed, ’tis
there kept from the injurics of Air and Earth, till ic be rainy, when ’tis
a proper time for it to grow, and then it is thrown round the Earth as
Grain by a skilful Sower.

This is a very good Wound-Herb, a very excellent Salve, being made
with icand Suet boil’d together, and then ftrain’d.

Iris us’d likewife applied on Iifues to make them run.

I fhould not have taken this Plant to be mentioned by Dr. Plukenct, as
above, had not he pofitively faid fo, p.167. of his Mantiffa.

WI. Convulvulas radice tuberofa efculenta, [pinachia folio, flore alto, funs
do purpureo, femine poft fingulos flores fingulo. Cat. p. 53+ Patatas de Efque-
meling, p.54. Batatas Hifpanorum Swert, part.2. Tab. 35. Patales de Bouton,
p- 47. Patates de Bict. p.334. Rochef. Tabl. p. 48. Convolvulus angulofis fo-
liis, Malabaricus radice tuberofa eduli. Plukenet. Almag. p. 114. Potatoes of
Dampier. p.10.0%¢. An Mawandres de Flacourt. p.116? Spanith Patatas.

The Root is tuberous, for fhape and bignefs very uncertain, but being for
the moft part oblong, as big as a Hen-Egg, from a fwell'd middle tapering
to both extremes, yellow, and {weet within when roafted, tafting like a
boil’d Chef{nut, and having many fibrils, by which it draws its Nourifhment.
The Stalks are green, a little cornered, and creeping for many Feet in length
along the furface of the Earth, and putting forth Leaves and Flowers at every
Inches diftance. The Leaves ftand on five Inch long green Foot-Stalks,
they are almoft Triangular, having two Ears, anda fharp point oppofite to
the Foot-Stalk. They are five Inches broad from Earto Ear, and three from
the Foot-Stalks end to the point, having under them purple Ribs, being foft,
{mooth, and of a yellowifh green colour, fomething refembling the Leaves
of Spinage. The Flowers come out ex alis fel. {landing ona three or four
Inches long, green Foot-Stalk, being monopetalous, Bell Fafhiond, not very
open, purple within and whitifh without, having in the middle fome Sta-
mina, anda Stylus. After each Flower ufually follows one Seed, brown, and
having feveral depreffions in it. It is inclofed in a roundifh, brown, mem-
branaceous Capfula, under which ftand five brown capfular withered Leaves,
as inthe other Convolvuli. : |

There is another Kind of this, the fame in every thing, only the Roots are
reddifh, which is as common as the white, and grows indifferently with it.

They are every where planted after a rainy Seafon in the Plantations, for
Provifion, by the flip, a piece of the Stalk and Leaves, being put either into
the plain Field after Howing, or into little Hillocks raifed through the Field,
in which they are thought to thrive better. In four months after planting
they are ready to be gathered, the ground being fill’d with them, and if
they continue therein any longer they are caten by Worms,

Linfchoten, in his Defcription of America, {feems to make Ages and Bata-
tos two,Roots, which are neverthelefs the fame. |

They vary very much asto the figure and bignefs of the Root, the cos.
lour of its Skin being fometimes red, and moft commonly white. They ares
fometimes turbinated, at other times round, and moft commonly biggefhia:
the middle, and tapering to both extremes, 1g ae

= They

The Natural Ehiftory of Jamaica. 15 —

ra srs
x

They are boild or roafted under the Afhes, and thought extraordinary
good and nourithing Food, and becaufe of their fpeedy attaining their due
growth and perfection, they are believed to be the moft profitable fort of
Root for ordinary Provifion.

They are ufed in great quantities to make the Drink called Mobby.

In dry times when Grafs is {carce, or at any other, the tops are given to
feed Rabbets.

They are windy. Pifo.

Peter Martyr reckons up many forts, only differing in the colour of the
Skin, and Benzo {peaks of Aaias Icfs, and more favoury, which I believe
is only a variety of this.

They are very nourifhing and provoke to venery.

Many conferves, like to Marmelade of Quinces, are made of them.
Linfchot. They are common at Velez-Malaga, whence ten or twelve Cara-
vels are loaded with them every year to Sevi/, They are temperate and
loofning. Mon.

People feed on them in Trinidado. Thevet.

They are ripe in fix months, and Breed Wind. Benzo.

Thefe Roots were by Colon brought from the Weff-Zndies into Exrope, in
his firft Voyage, to fhew the different Produtions of the one and the other,
Lopez de Gom.

They are planted by the Slip, the Root being neceflary for Bread, which
is a great Providence. Lunde.

They are beft about AMalaca. Cluf. From whence they were brought to
Cadiz and Spain.

IV. Convolvulus radice tuberofa, efculenta, minore, purpurea, Cat.p.54. Batates
Ind. Or. part. 6. p.85. Red Spanifh Batatas.

This has a Root four or five Inches long, as big as ones Finger, biggeft in
the middle, having a {mall lower end, and feveral fibrils drawing its Nourih-
ment from the Earth. It isof a very deep red, or purple colour, and be-
ing broken, yields Milk very plentifully, which dyes of a purple colour,
The Stalks were two or three Foot long, round, and green, putting forth at
every Inch, or more, Leaves very like thofe of the precedent, only not fo
large, nor cornered, of a deep grafS green colour, and thin, almoft like
thofe of a Violet, ftanding on an Inch, or a two Inches long Foot-Stalk.
This here defcribed was avery young Plant.

It grew at Colonel Bourdens Plantation, beyond Gwanabos, where it was

lanted.
: It is ufed only to give Mobby a fine reddith colour.

V. Convolvulus maximus, caule [pinnlis obtufts obfito, flore albo, folio hederaceo,

angulofo. Cat.p.55. Tab. 96. Fig. 1
This grows toa very great length, covering fometimes many Trees, or the
Banks of Rivers for many Paces, having a roundand reddith Stalk, arm’d
with blunt, herbaceous, and thort, yarioufly fhap’d Prickles, winding its
felf about any thing ic comes near, or creeping along the furface of the
ground. At unequal diftances come out {mooth Leaves, ftanding on fix
Inches long Foot-Stalks, they are three pointed, being four Inches long froma
the Foot-Stalks end to their points, andas broad from Ear to Ear at the bate,
there being a defect or Siaus from the Ears tothe Point. The Flowers come
out ex alis folioram, ftanding upon an Inch long Foot-Stalks, having a four
Inches long, green tiiv/us, from whence, by degrees, it opens its {elf into a
white monopetalous: Bell-Flower, of five Inches Diameter, a little finuated,
and having five green difcernible ftrcaks on its our fide, The cea
14S

152 Ihe Natural Hiffory of ‘Jamaica.

=~

has five little, brown, fhort, capfular Leaves, {landing underneath. It js
an Inch long, pyramidal and brown, having four protuberances, and con-
tains three irregularly figur’d large Seeds, very dark brown colour’d, hard
and {mooth.

It grows by the fides of Black River, and Rio Cobre, very plentifully.

The Leaves of this are very different from thofe of the Convolvulys A-
mericanus, f{ubrotundis foliis, viticulis [pinofts. Plukenet. Tab. 276. Fig.3. Alm.
p.115. Sothat they cannot be the fame, though Dr. Plukenet. p. 54. Mant.
thinks it may be the fame.

VI. Convoluulus major heptaphyllos, plore fulphurco, odorato, fpeciocifimo. Ca.
p.55- Tab.96. Fiz.2. Spanifh Arbor Vine, or Spanifh Woodbind.

This has a round tuberous Root, as large as ones Head, fending forth a
brown, corner’d Stalk, which mounts, and turns round the higheft Trees, .
and covers them with its numerous Branches. The Leavescome out at three
or four [nches interval, they are finger’d like thofe of the Hedera quinguefolia
Canadenfts Cornuti, having two Inches long, green, round Foot-Stalks, and be-
ing diviced into {even Fingers or Divifions, each Section having a middle
Rib, beginning narrow, growing larger, and ending in a point. The Secti-
ons at bafeare fhorte{t, and narroweft, each growing larger to the feventh,
Which is four Inches long, and one broad, thin, fmooth, and dark coloured.
The Flowers ftand on three Inches long, round, green Foot-Stalks, com-
ing out ex al/s fol. being monopetalous Bell Fafhion’d, of a very fine yellow
colour, and {melling fWeet. After thefe follow the Seeds, contained in a
Capfula as big asa fmall Wallnut. The Czpfula is thin, membranaccous,
brown, and covered with foliofe, or capfulir Leaves, flicking to its Bale,
Thefe Seeds are very large, being ufually three, and triangular, having one
round fide, and being of adark brown colour, looking like Sattin, by many
brown Hairs, are on their furface.

It grows among the Trees by the Banks of Rio-Colre near the Town, and
is planted by Arbors to make fhades, they covering them, and by their
Leaves keeping out the Sun-Beams, better than any one of this Kind |
know.

A Planter finding this tuberous Root in his ground, very plentifully,
thought that he had found a new fort of Provifion like Batatas for his Ne-
groes 3 but he was miftaken for on boyling this Root asthe others it would
not at all relifh with them.

This cannot be the Convolvulus Americanus villo{us pentaphyllus & heptaphyl-
los major. ILerm. as Dr. Plukenet thinks, p. 55. 0f his Dantiffa.

VIN. Convolvulus pentaphyllos, flore pallide flavefcente, caule hirfuto, pungente.
Cat. p.55. Au Convobvulus Americanus, pentaphyllos, folio glabro dentato, vi-
ticulis hirfutis. Plum. Tournef: Inft. p.84 ?

The Root of this Plant is oblong, and tuberous, of an Afh colour, from
which rifes a large purple Stem, branch’d out into others, very tough, and
purple, taking hold, and climbing up by its Stalk any Plant or Herb it comes
near. The hairy long prickles on the Stalks of this Plant are pricking and
troublefome, like thofe on Cowhage. At about two Inches diftance, come out
the Flowers and Leaves, the latter {tand on three quarters of an Inch long
Foot-Stalks, being divided into five Sections from the Center of its Foot-
Stalks, as Lupins, agnus caftus, or Hedera quinquefolia Canadenfts Cornuti. That
Section oppofite to the Foot-Stalk, is about an Inch long, the reft being fhor-
ter, in proportion to their being near the Bafe, being all {mooth, and of a
pale green colour, like the Leaves of Burnet. The Flowers come out ex alis
fol. {landing on two Inch long Foot-Stalks. They are {mall, men ran ie

¢

The Natural Hiftory of ‘Jamaica. 153 |

Bell fafhion’d, of a very pale yellow colour, having a green pentaphyllous
calyx. After the Flowers follows a round Capfula, divided into four Locu-
laments or Cells, tn each of which lies one brown Seed, covered with a
woolly Hair, triangular, round on one fide, and flat on the two others,
each Cell being by feveral membranes divided from the others.

Je grows in the Savanuas, and by the Rivers fides very plentifully.

I think chis Plant agrees with Dr.Plukezet’s Convolvulus quinquefolius, claber,
eve. as I have faid in my Catalogue, notwithftanding his being of another
Opinion. Mant. p. 55.

VIH. Convolunlus pentaphyllos minor, flore purpurco. Cate p: 55. Tab. 97.

figs 3:
_ A fmall ftringy Root, fends up a round purple Stalk, winding about
any thing near it, and rifing two Foot high, on which, here and there, ftand
purplifh green, five pointed, {mooth Leaves, the notches reaching almoft to
the purple Foot-Stalks end, fomewhat like Papaw Leaves. The Flowers come
out ex alis foliorum, they are monopetalous, of a purple colour, and very
pleafant, after which follows a round, brown Cap/ula, membranaceous, and
inclofing the Seed, as the other Convolvnii.

It grew among the prickly Pears in the Town Savanna, going towards
two Mile Wood. ;

‘Tis eafie by comparing the Defcription and Figure of this, and the Con-
volvulus quinguefolius, glaber, Americanus. Plukenct. Phyt. Tah. 167. Fig. 6:
That that Plant and this are different, though Dr. /lukenet, p. 55. of his
Mantiffa, thinks they may be the fame.

EX. Convolvulus major polyanthos, longifime latiffimeque repens, floribus albis,
minoribus, odoratis. Cat. p. 55. [0b.97. Fig. 2.

The Plant covers fometimes a great many Trees, and fometimes Paftures
for a great breadth. It has abroad or comprefs’d, flat, long, cornered Root,
of a brownifh colour, from whence many {trings go under the furface of the
Earth, to draw Nourifhment to the whole Herb. The Stalks are whitith,
broad, {mooth, having feveral round eminencies on their furface, and rife
about any Tree they come near, to fometimes a very great heighth, at other
times {pread on the furface of the Earth to a great breadth, putting forth
Branches adorn’d with Leaves at an Inch and an halfs diftance. They are
fhap’d like a Heart, an Inch anda half long from the Inch long Foot-Stalk
to the end of the Leaf, and an Inch broad at the round Bale, where broadeft,
fmooth, foft, and of a darkifhgreen colour. The Flowers come out on the
Branches in great numbers, They ftand on an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are
monopetalous, Bell fafhion’d, white, with five greenifh Fafcie, little in re»
{pect of the Plant, and {melling very {weet. After cach of thefe Flowers
f{ucceeds one large Seed, of an oval Figure, like brown Velvet, folid, ine
clofed in a brown membranaceous hairy Seed-Veflel, having five capfular
brotea Leaves, ftanding out on every fide under it like the Rays of a

tar.

It grows on the plain grounds near the River fide, by the Town of
St. Fago.de la Vega, and in other places of the Ifland, very plentifully.

It Flowers in May.and December, when the humming Birds are very bufie
about it. feeding on the Farina {ticking to the Flowers.

It has a pleafanc {mell, when in Flower; much like that of the Narciffus
Mediolutens, call'd Piffaulitz at Montpelier.

dmop. ryrord 7 Rr ena iat Me Cons

¢
a7

154 ‘The Natural Hifory of Jamaica.

X. Convolunlus Polyanthos, folio fubrotundo, flore luteo. Cat. p. 55.

This Convolvulus hasa round, woody, green Stalk, by which it climbs,
or winds its felf round any Tree it comes near for many Feet high, putting
forth Leaves at four Inches diftance. They are cordated, more than two
Inches long, and as broad at the round Bafe, where broadeft, having fome
Nerves going from the end of the Foot-Stalk, through the Leaf, and
fome few tranfverfe ones, {mooth, of a dark green colour, and exa@]
in every thing like the precedent, {tanding on three Inches long Foot-Stalks.
The Flowers are many, ftand on four Inch long Stalks, they being at their
end, as at a common Center, divided into feveral three quarters of aninch
long Petioli, fuftaining feveral large monopetalous, Bell fafhion’d, yellow
Flowers, having fome Fafcie within them, and a few flight Incifures on
the edges with a Stylus, and fome Stamina. After each of thefe follows a per-
fe@tly Spherical, brown Capfula, with five capfular dry Leaves, and within
it three Velvet, or fattin’d, brown, triangular ‘Seeds like the other Con-
volvuli.

It grew in a Wood, going towards the Ferry, near the Crawle Plan-
tation.

I gathered a variety of thisin Barbados, having hairy Calices.

I fee no reafon given by Dr. Plukenet in his Mantiffa. p. 54. why I Should
think thofe Syzonima, { have taken in my Catalogue to belong to this Plant,
not to belong to it.

XI. Convolvulus major, folio {ubrotundo, flore amplo, purpureo. Cat. ip. 55. Tab.
98. Fig. 1.

he oan| green Sarments, or Stalks of this Plant mount about any
Shrub, Tree, or Hedge, to a great-heighth, cloathing them green with their
many Branches and Leaves, which are two Inches and an half long from the
Foot-Stalks end, to that of the Leaf oppofite to it, and two Inches broad ac
the round Bafe, from one Ear to the other, the Leaves being fafhion’d like
a Heart, {mooth, of a yellowifh green colour, and ftanding on an Inch and
a quarter long Foot-Stalks. The Flowers are of a pale purple colour, very
large, monopetalous, and Bell fafhion’d, after each of which fucceeds abrown
Capfu'a, having above five dry capfular Leaves, four round Protuberances,
and in each of them a large triangular, f{mooth, folid, whitifh brown Seed.

It grows every where on the Hedges and Ditches of the moifter grounds.

The Decodtion ‘purges grofs ,and cold humours with Worms. it is to
be taken in the morning, and made of the green Herb, otberwife it is
not ufeful. Hernand. : :

XII. Convolvulus folio lanato, in tres lacinias divifo, fore oblonze, purpurco.
Cat. p.§5. Tab. 98. Fig. 2r.

This by its round, whitifh, woolly Stem, turns its felfround the Truncs of
Trees, rifing twenty Foot high, at every Inches diftance, putting forth Leaves,
ftanding on three quarters of an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They are fomething
like the Elder Leaves of Ivy, being divided intothree Lacinie, an Inchand
an half long from the Center of the Foot-Stalk, to the point oppofite to jit,
and as much or more from one Section at Bafe, to the other ; they are of a
very white green colour, foft, and covered over with fhorr Wooll. “Dhe
Flowers come out -ex alis foliorum, ftanding on a quarter of an Inch Ion
Foot-Stalks in a pentaphyllous, green Capfu/a, are monopetalous, an I
and an half long in the Zubulus of the Flower, which opens it felf Bell fa- -
fhion, of a fine purple colour, with fome yellow Stamina in the middle, and
five paler Streaks or Fafcie. After thefe follows a brown membranaceous

| Capfuta,

Ihe Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. 15 5

Capfula, with four round Protuberances, under a thin membrane, containing
three fattin’d Seeds, like the other Convolvuli.

It grew onthe larger Trees, in the Road to Guanaboa, and at Colo
: fi : 9 5) nel Ff; [-
ler’s Houfe in St. Dorvothies near the Bridge, over Black River. i

Xf. Convolvulus folio hederaceo, angulo 0, flore dilute purpureo. Cat.

This fends forth feveral Stems eta {ame Reeuner is ae
deep and large, cach of the Stalks being round, reddith, and about three or
four Foot long, trailing on the furface of the ground, at every three or
four Inches diftance putting forth Leaves and Flowers ex eorum ala. The
Leaves {land on two Inches long Foot-Stalks. They are an Inch and an half,
or two Inches long from the Center of the Foot-Stalk to the Oppofite point,
and as much from one end of the SeGtion at Bafe, to the other, every Leaf
being angular, having two Se@tions at Bafe or Ears, and a third fharper
and longer, oppofite to the Foot-Stalk, very like the elder angular Leaves
of Ivy. The Flower has an half Inch Foot-Stalk, a pentaphyllous Capfula or
Calyx, and a monopetalous, Bell fafhion’d, pale, purple Flower, agreeing ex-
actly with the other Convolvuli in all its parts.

It grows in very great quantities on the Red Hills near Guanaboa, and in
cleared low Lands, as alfo on the Banks of the Rio-Cobre, below the Town
of St. fazo dela Vega, on the fame fide of the River.

By the Figure of the Leaves, which agrees with thofe of what Pifo fays
gives jalap, { concluded this to be the fame, but on tryal I found it had
no fuch Root as I expected.

XIV. Convolvulus folio hederaceo, angulofo, lanuginofo flore magno, ceruleo, pac
tulo, Cuat.p. §6. Habalnil. Avic.

The Stalk of this is round, hairy, and pretty large, having Leaves
{tanding at about two Inches intervals, on Inch long hoary Foot-Stalks.
They are fhap’d like thofe of Ivy, having three Angles or Points, whitith,
hoary, woolly, foft, an Inch and an half long, and an Inch broad at Bafe,
where broadeft. 4d alas foliorwm, come the Mowers, being feveral on the
fame Foot-Stalk. They are large, blew, monopetalous, and extremely
pleafiing to the Eye, in every thing agreeing with the other Cosvolvmli.

It grew in Mrs. Gays Plantation in Guanaboa.

Lobel tells us that ic was in the Gardens of Jtaly, France, and the Low-
Countries, and Terrentins in thofe of Ztaly in his time, and their Defcripti-
ons agree very wellto this Dodoneus’s Cut feems to make the Flower five
pointed, which may come from the Fafcie moft Comvolvuli have faying they
are per oras angulofi, and {odo other Authors, fo there may be fome doubt
whether it be that.

It purges grofs Humours. Avicen.

XV. Convolvulus marinus catharticus folio rotund Cat. p.57- An-Con
volvulus marinus Catharticus folio rotundo, fiore purpureo, S.Patate de Maer.
Camoulrouloe de Plumier. Plukenct. Alm. p. 113 2? Phyt. Tab. 324. Fig.22

This had a very deep, white, oblong Root, anda great many Jong,
round Stalks, as big.as ones little Finger, green, {pread,on the furface of the
ground for-feveral Yardsin length. The Leaves ftood on them without any
order. They -had two Inches loog Foot-Stalks, were:almoft round, only a
very {mall:notch, ordafect, as.if alittle piece had been cutout with a pair of
Sciflors, at the end. oppofite to the Foot-Stalk, making the Leaf cordated,
though fometimes it wants this. .defect. It is.of two Inches Diameter,
having feveral Ribs from the Foot-Stalks, and middle Nerve, {mooth, of a
yellowifh green colour, and in its furface is like the Caltha ela The

owers

Y 56 The Natural Etfiory of Jamaica.

Flowers were monopetalous, Bell fathion’d, of a pale purple colour, and
after them follow four rough, triangular Seeds, fattin’d like thofe of the
other Convolvuli, each being fet in a diftinét Cell, and all of them in a
round, brown, membranaccous pentaphyllous Cap/ula.

The whole Plant was milky.

Ic grew on the Cayos near Port-Royal, and on the fandy Sea fhore at Ris
Nuevo, in the North fide very plentifully.

The Leaves are ufed in Bathes for the Dropfie, and to put on Iflues to
draw them.

EBoil’din water it makes a Fomentation to cafe gouty Pains. ‘The Leaves
prepar’d into a Potion with Goats Milk are given for the Hemorrhoids,

The Stalks and Leaves are temperately warm, and emollient, and
therefore good in Baths, and to ftrengthen the Body, efpecially in cold
Difeafes. The Decodtion of them are given inwardly, for the fame pur-
pofes. Pifo.

T have learned, of perfons well experienced, that the infpiffated juice is
very purgative, and it is a kind of Scammony, and may be given as ordi-
nary Scammony, from ten to twelve or fourteen Grains. It may be cor-
rected. with Sulphur, Creme of Tartar, or ordinary Quinces, or in want
of them, with the Fleth of the Fruit Guava, or Almonds, or the cold Seeds.
Plumier.

XVI. Convolvulus maritimus major noftras rotundifolius. Morif. Cat.

ig

‘1 could not fee any difference between the European, and this Herb.

It grew on Gun Cayos, a {mall Ifland off of Port-Royal.

It is very purging, efpecially of watery and hydropick Humours, and
cither given in Powder, or boil’d in Broths, but very flrong, and not fir
for weak Perfons. Ger. who {ays likewife that it was ufed about Alampfhire
for Scurvy-grafs.

The juice condensd, either outwardly applied to the Belly, or in-
wardly given, is commonly, though not fafely, known to help the Drop-
fie, -- Lob.

Iris griping. Dod.

‘Three Drams of the Powder of the Leaves drank with Whey for fome
days, purges notably hydropical Humours. Lac.

XVIL Convolvulus minor lanuzinofus, folio fubrotundo, flore ceruleo. Cat p.58.
Tab. 99. Fig. x. - REIC TONG cose 7

This has a fmall, round, green Stalk, by which it winds and turns its
felf round any Plant it comes near, creeping a great length, and having
very few Leaves, or fet at great intervals, one fromanother They ftand on an
Inch and-an half long Foot-Stalks, are cordated, or fhap’d like a Heart, an
Inch and an half long, and an Inch broad at their round Bafe, of a very
green colour, and covered with a little white Wooll. The Flowers come
out ex alis foliorum, fometimes feveral together, and fometimes only one by
its {elf They are monopetalous, Bell fafhion’d, and of an extremely plea-
fant, lively, blew colour, {landing in a pentaphyllous, rough, hairy Ca/ix,
and ona quarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalk. After thefe follow, in a taper-
ing or pointed, brown, membranous Cap/u/a, three, almoft triangular Seeds,
brown, and like thofe of the other Cumvolvuli, being lodged in three fevetal
Cells, diftinguifh’d by fo many membranes.

If

~

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 157

It grows in great plenty flowring in November, in the open grounds, at
Guanaboa, and among the prickly Pears, and other Bufhes near thie old Mo-
naftery of the Town of St, Fago dela Vega.

XVIIL Convolvuulis minor repens, numuuilarie folio, flore cwruleo. Cat. p. 58.
Tab. 99. Fig. 2.

From a fmall, ftringy, and fibrous Root, {pring, long, trailing Stalks,
taking Root here and there, where they touch the ground, and putting forth,
alternatively, at {mall, unequal diftances, Leaves, almoft round, like thofe
of the Nuwwularia minor flore purpurafcente. They are three quarters of af
Inch long, and an Inch Broad, having a {nip, or {mall notch at the end, and
a quarter of an Inch long brown Foot-Stalks Fx alis foliorum, come the
Flowers, ftanding on fhort Foot-Stalks. They arc monopetalous, Bell fa-
fhion’d, of alight blue colour, after which follows a brown Cap/ula, contain-
ing two or three brown Seeds.

ic grows very plentifully after Rain, in the Town Savanna’s, and in
Barbados.

XIX. Convolvulus rectus minor, folio angnufto candicante. Cat. p. 58. Tab. 99:
Fizg.3. An Convolvulus Americanus, minimus, villofus, helianthemi folio. Plum.
Tourncf. Inft. p. 84 ?

This has a long ftraight Root, which thoors forth feveral fmall, tound
Stalks, ftraight up, rifing to {carce a Foot high, covered over with a hairy
Down, the Leaves ftand iregularly along the Stem. They are an Inch long,
and not over a quarter of an Inch broad, fmooth, and havea hairy Down ort
their underfide. The Flowers come out ex alis foliorum, are monopetalous,
Bell fafhion’'d, white, with fome Stamina in the middle, and a Calix under+
neath, by which it adheres to the Stalk, to this follows a pentaphyllous
Capfula containing feveral Seeds.

It grows plentifully in the Savanna, near the Town of St. azo de la Vega,
after Rain. 7

XX. Rapunculus fruticofus, foliis oblongis, integris, villofis, ex adverfo fitis, floré
purpureo villofo. Cat. p. 58. Tab. 100. Fig. 1.

This Shrub lad many fmall Stalks, rifing from the fame Root, to about
four or five Foot high, each whercof was {quare, about the bignefs of ones
little Finger, having under a fmooth, clay coloured Bark, a hard, whitifh
Wood, and very large Pith, with many tranf{verfe dividing membranes. The
Leaves were fet oppofite to one another at the Joints, which were two lfches,
or an Inch afunder. Each of them had one third part of an Inch long, rough
Foot-Stalk, was about two Inches long, and one Inch broad in the middle,
where broadeft: of a dark green colour, rough, or fet all over with thort
whitifh Hairs. Ex alis foliorum came the Flowers,ftanding on purplith,rough,
one third part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, They were large and mono-
petalous, difform, didided at tlie ends into feveral Segments, being tubulous,
purple, and {et very thick over, with {trong ihort Hair. The bottom of the
Flower fwelling, there comes in it a Capfula or Seed-Veflel, in whicls lics
much {mall, oblong, crooked, brownith Secd.

It grew in the mountainous Woods of this Ifland.

XXII. Rapunculus fruticofus linifolins, flore luteo fpeciofo, foliis ex adverfo fitis,
Cat. p.58- Tab.to1. Fig. t.

This rifesto about four or five Foot high, being branched on every
Hand. The Branches and Twigs are woody, fet with Leaves oppofite to
one another at an Inches diflance from each is They ftand on an eighth

S pare

g 58 “The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. _

part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are an Inch and an half long, and about
half as broad in the middle, where broadeft, being {mooth, and of a dark
green colour. ‘The tops of the Twigs are branched generally, and carry
feveral Flowers of a yellow colour, very pleafant, being tubulous and mo-
nopetalous, the Ore divided into fivé Sections, and this ftanding on tbe
rudiments of the Fruit, whichaugments into a pyramidal oblong Head,
covered with fome few {mall Leaves, and is made up of three feveral Cells,
ineach of which is great plenty of {mall, brown Seed.

It grew on the Red Hills going to Colonel Cope’s Plantation in Gma-
naboa.

ie

XXII. Rapwnculus aquaticus, folizs Cichorii, flore albo, tubulo longiffiime. Cat.p.58.
Zab. tot. Fig. 2.

This had a deep and thick Root, with which it was firmly fix’d in the
Earth, and from whence rofe a roundifh Stalk about four Inches high, having
many Leaves, going out alternatively at very fhort intervals, each being
without any Foot-Stalk, about three Inches long, and three quarters of an
Inch broad near the further end, where broadeft, and whence they decreafe,
ending ina blunt point. They are rough, of a whitifh green colour, and
Jaciniated round their edges, after the manner of Dens Leonis, or Cichory,
to the Leaves of which they are not unlike. ‘Towards the tops come the
Flowers, being of a very white or milky colour, and pleafant to look on.
The Tubulus is the longeft I ever faw, being about three or four Inches long.
The Ore are divided into five points, and after thefe follows, in {mall Heads,
much {mall Seed.

It grows on the moift Banks of the Rio Cobre, above and below the
Town very plentifully.

XXII. Rapunculus folio oblongo, ferrato, flore galeato, integro, pallide luteo,
Cat.p.58. Tab.95. Fig.2. An Rapuntium Americanum Altiffimum, foliiscirfiz,
flore virefcente. Plum. Tournef. Inff. p.193 ?

This has a Stalk as big as ones Finger, rifes thee Foot high, being green
and {mooth, and having very many Leaves fet on it, without any order,
each of which is ten Inches long, and two broad in the middle of a dark
green colour, and indented about the edges. At the top are a great many
Flowers, they are of a pale yellow colour, and galeated, having a long Galea
turn’d up, and fome Stamina coming out of the middle of the Flower, The
Seeds were very fimall, and fearce difcernible, brown like thofe of /yo/cya-
mus, and contained in feveral Cells, in one°@apfula, furrounded with four
foliola. :

It grew in the Woods by the Path going to fixteen Mile Walk, and other
Woods about Guanaboa.

This is a Rapuntium.

XXIV. Speculum Veneris majus, impatiens, Cat. p. 59. Tab, 100. Fig. 2.

This rifes to three or four Foot high, having a {quare jointed, rough,
and a little hoary Stalk. The Leaves ftand oppofite one to the other, at
every Inches diftance, on half an Inch long Foot-Stalks, being an Inch
and an half long, and three quarters of an Inch broad, near the middle,
where broadeft, hoary, and of abluifh greencolour. Ex alis foliorum come
out the Branches, two always fet oppofite, on whofe tops fland Flow-
ers without any Foot-Stalks. They have five capfular, long, green
Leaves, and a long white tubulus, and on its top an open fine deep blew
Flower, whofe Ore are deeply divided into five Sections, to which fol-

lows a quadrangular, three quarters of an Inch long Capfula, epesining
round,

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica.

159.

round, flat, brown Seeds, which are thrown out of the Cap/ula with violence,
when ’tis either touch’d or wetted onthe end. :
It grew about the Town, in many places, amongft the Bufhes.

XXV. Flori Cardinalis five rapuntio affinis anomala, caule quadrato, flore coe-
cinco, capfula pyramidali. Cat.p.59. Euphrafta alfines majori folio, lore galeato
pallide luteo Famaicenfis. Plukenct. Almag. p. 142. Phytogr. Tab. 279. Fiz. 6.
An Cara-Caniram, HL. M. part.9. Tab. 56 ? :

The Root was fhort, thick, and divided into three or four long, reddifh,
ftrong Branches. The Stalk was {quare, green, jointed, three or four Foot
high: flender, and fcarce able, without help, to hold its felf up, having
Branches coming out at its joints, fet oppofite to one another, at every two
Inches diftance. At every Joint were large Leaves, ftanding on an Inch and
anhalf long Foot-Stalks. They were two Inches long, and one broad, near the
Foot-Stalk, where they were broadeft. They were a little rough, had a
point oppofite to the Foot-Stalk, and were of a dirty green colour. The
Leaves on. the fmaller Branches were lefler, but of the fame fhape. The
Flowers ftand in Spikes on the ends of the Branches, at half an Inches di-
{tance one from another, being of a very curious Scarlet colour, three quar-
ters of an Inch long, tubulous, widening towardsthe top, where they were
open, withfome Stamina. After thefe follow’d three or four round, flat,
black Seeds, having a notch or defect in every one of them, and ly-
ing in a greenifh Cupfula, pyramidal, being round at top, and fharp at
bottom. |

It grew in a {andy place, near the Rio Cobre, juft by the Town of St. Fago
de la Vega.

XXVI. Rapunculo afinis anomala vafculifera, folio oblongo, ferrato, flore cotci-
cinco tubulofe, femine minuto, oblongo, luteo. Cat.p.59. Tab. 102. Fig. i.

This Plant has feveral ftrong, fhort, blackifh Roots, fending forth a
round, woody Stem, having a clay célourd Bark, with fome Sulcé in it,
rifing three or four Inches high, having at the top very many oblong Leaves,
ftanding very thick, without any order, on a quarterfof an Inch long Foot-
Stalks, cover'd: with a reddifh Wooll like Mofs. Each of thefe Leaves
is {even Inches long, an Inch and an half broad, near the farther end, where
broadeft they beginning very narrow, widen themfelves to near the end,
where they ftraiten again, and end ina point, being much fnipt about the
edges. Ex alis foliorum comes out a {mall Stalk, divided into feveral
Branches, having above a five pointed green Calix, an Inch long tubulous,
{earlet colour’d Flower, fomething like thofe of Periclymenam, with fome

ellowifh Stamina, after which follows, in a fhort, fungous, cornered Seed-
Veflel, having no diftin@ Cells, but one cavity, a great many {mall, oblong,
yellowifh Seeds.

It grows in the Crannics of the fteep Rocks, in the Road going to fix-
teen Mile Walk.

XXVIL Stramonia altera major five Tatura quibufdam. J. B. Cat. p. $9.
Stramonium frattu {pinofo, oblongoflore albo T ourncf. Inft. p19. An Stramoni-
nm majus purpurcum Park. par. p. 36? Stramoninm majus album cy vulzatins
fruét oblongo fpinofo, Bobart. hifk. Ox. part. 43. p- 697. Thorny Apples of
Peru. 3

I could not obferve any difference between this Plant found here, and that

defcrib’'d by Authors.:
It

-

160 The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

Ir grew juft by the Prifon going to the River. Whether it was wild, or
came there accidentally, [ know not; but I obferv’d it here, and in moft of
the Carzée Iflands.

It is of great ule in Surgery, as well in Burnings and Scaldings, as virulent
and malignant Ulcers, Apoflems, cc. Ger.

The Seed came from Conjfantinople. Ia.

An Ointment is made of the Juice boiled with Hogs greafe, curing all In»
flammations, Burns, cc. The Leaves boil’d in Oil till burnt, then {train’d
and mix’d with Wax, Rofin, and Turpentine, doth, (made into a Salve,) cure
Ulcers and Wounds, new and old, Za.

It is cold, the Decogtion of the Leaves is ufed as a Fomentation, or Linj-
ment in Fevers, efpecially Quartans. The Fruit and leaves againft Pain in
the Breaft, the Leaves infus'd in water into the Ears, cures Deafne(s. Pur
on the Pillows it brings Sleep to thofe who are awake. If too many be eaten
they bring madnefs. Herz.

Four Grains make one Drunk. Two Drams kills, if not helpt with Vo-
miting with warm Water and Butter, or Oil, and a Bath to the Legs and
Arms. Math.

The fixth partof a Dram IJnebriates. An Ounce kills the fame day. Lugd,

Mixt and beat with Sireclim Oil (or Sefamum) it is applied to humoral
Tumors. The Juice of the Leaves mixt with Sugar (Fagra de cana,) and ape
plicd to an Ery/pelas cures it. Three Seeds are good in a cold Fever. The
fame beaten with water wherein Rice has ftood, is fuccefsfully applied ro
tumified parts. AZ, M.

XXVIII. Linaria minor, erecta caerulea. Cat. p: 59. Tab. 103. Fig. x.

This had a round, fingle Stalk, rifing to about two Foot high, on which
were placed Leaves alternatively, being an Inch and an half long, narrow
like the Leaves of Linaria lutea vulgaris. J.B. The tops of the Stalks were
branched into feveral fix Inches long Spikes of blue Flowers, as the
others of this Kind, after which followed fo many roundifh, turgid Seed-
Vefiels, each divided into two Cells, in which lie flat, brown Seeds.

dt grew on the Inland Savaynas of this Ifland.

This Plant is, by its Title, Defcription, and Figure, fufficiently diftin-
guifh’d from the other Linarie cerulee, as allo the linaria annua purpuros
violacea, cc. mentioned by Dr Plwkenet in his Mantifja, p. 118. where he
leaves out one of the Notes I give of this, viz. that it is lefler than the
others that are blue, and then finds fault with my Title, as not defcribing
it particularly enough.

AXIX. Antirrinum minus anguftifolium, flore dilate parpureo. Cat. p. 49.
Lab. 103. Fig.2. Balfam-Herb.

This had a great many hairy, red fibers for Roots, which fend up a
{quare nine Inches high, brownih Stalk, as big as thofe of leffer Centaury,
on which ftood the Leaves oppofite to one another, having {mall Foot-Stalks.
They were an [nchand an half long, and not over aneighth part of an Inch
broad, of a very dark green colour. Towards the top the Stalk was di-
vided into Inch long Branches, fet with feveral Flowers, like thofe of Antir-
rhinum, of a pale purple colour. I {aw not the Seed, but doubt not it ought
to be referr’d to this Kind. ,

It grew on the rocky and woody Hills between Guanaboa, and Colonel
Bourden’s Plantation, on each fide of the Road very plentifully.

It is accounted by the Zadians, and thofe who came from Surinam, to be
an extraordinary Vulnerary.

XXX. Sefe-

The Natural Hiflory of Jatnaicd. 161

XXX. Sefamum Veterim. C. B. pin. Gat. p. 59. Digitalis Orientalis Sefar
mum dicta. Tournef. Inft. p. 165. Hockalenah. |

Ie is frequently planted here by the Negres in their Gardens, and agrees
to the Defcriptions of Authors, having a Fiower like Digztalis.

The Seediis: very often:beat-up inChocolate. , gs

In £thiopia and Aeypt, they ufe the Oil as we do Oil Olive: it is made by
beating the Seds ina Mortar, and expreffing the Oil. Marcgr. :

The Seed and Oil is hot, moift, emollient, and refolving, breeds grofs
Nourifhment, and is hurtful to the Stomach, and is good in Difeates of the
Ears.. It is Emplaftick. Ger. oo aa,

The Arabians call this Oil Good Oil, by way of excellency, thinking it better
than any other. Ve/ling. ene

A Decoétion of the Plant is ufed for refolving Ophtalmie, if they be ap-
plied to the Eyes, for Coughs, Pleurefies, Infammations of the Lungs, and
hard {chirrous Tumours. Women ufeit for hardnefs of the Uterus, it moving
the Menfes They ufe the fame for the Difeafes of the Skin and Face from
Spots, exc. The Herb ard Seed boil’d in Honey, makes a Refolving Plai-
—fter for hard and {anguincous Tumors, and dried Nerves. The Deco¢tion
is good in Clyfters. The Seed gives grofs Nourifhment, and fattens very
much The decorticated Seed fattens; the Oil more; and the Dregs (which

are caten for Food in Ethiopia). more than that. Women ordinarily drink the |

Oil to be fat, with the Dregs it is given to four Ounces in Plurifies and
Pains, and in all defedations of the Skin, outwardly, as well as inwardly.

Zamoni, contrary to all others, feems to diftinguifh between the Sefamum
of Egypt and Africa. ce

a Oil drawn from the Seed is ufed by the Poor in the Eaft-Zndies.
Lobos.

All Greece ufes it for Cakes, mixing it in making their Bread, and fprinkling
it with water on the top of the Bread. The whole is hot in the firft, and moitt
in the {econd Degree, Emplaftic, and Emollient. Dorf.

It is planted for the Oil in Bengale. Bera.

It comes from Greece and Peloponnefus, its numerous Roots makes the
ground poor. Math.

The Oil takes off the roughnefs of the Throat, clearsthe Voice, mollifies
hardned Apoftems, and fattens very much. Lae.

It is burdenfome to the Stomach by its Oilinefs.

The Oil is made by bruifing the Seed, and throwing of it into water. ft
is better for making odoriferous Oils than common Oil, becaufe of its durae
bility. 2tius.

The Oil is, if taken to four Ounces for many days, good azainft the Itch,
hard breathing, Plurifie, Peripweumonia, ad menfes movendos, and for pains in
the Stomach, Womb and Guts. Arab. Phyf. es as

The Oil of the Seeds is given for any pains. The Jzdians ufe it in co.
louring their Bodies with fome Simples added. A. 1. ue

The Seeds of this Plant are ufed in many places of the Zaft and Weft-
Indies for Food. The Oil in the Ea/f-Indies ferves for all the purpofes,
whether Medical or Culinary, for which. we ufe ordinary Oil: It is there
called Gergilim Oil. It is uled alfo as an excellent Remedy in fhortnefS of
Breath, aswe now ule Linfeed-Oil, Lately Mr. Fames Cunningham, F.R. S.
and my very good Friend, wrote to me from China, where he is Phyfician
to the Exglifh. Fa@ory, that the Bean or Mandarin Broath, fo frequently

mention’d in the Dutch Embaffie, and other Authors, is only an emiulfioa
made of the Seeds of Sefassum and hot water.

6 a: 2. .49 Arifto-

162 ~~ The Natural Fiftory of Jamaica.

XXXII. Ariffolochia (candens odoratiffima, floris labello purpureo, femine cor
dato. Cat.p. 60. Tab. 104. Fig. 1. An Ariftolochia Americana, folio cordifor=
mi, flore longiffimo atropurpureo. Plum. Tournef. Inft. p. 163 2 Contra-Terva,

This has a long, round, geniculated Root, as thick as ones Finger, from
whence rifes a round green climbing Stem, taking hold of any Tree or Shrub
it comes near, rifing fix or eight Foot high, and covering them with its nu-
merous Branches at every two or three Inches putting forth Leaves ex
eorum alis. The Leaves ftand on the main Stalks or Branches, by an Inch
and an half long Foot-Stalks. They are cordated or triangular, roundifh
at bafe, four Inches long, and three and an half broad at bafe, frome one round
Far tothe other, of a dark green colour, fmooth, and having Ribs running
through its furface, taking their original from the end of the Foot-Stalk.
The Flower ftands on a three Inches long Foot-Stalk, is made like the Flowers
of the Ariffolochia’s, of a yellowith colour, the Label being covered with a
purple Farina, After this follows a Fruit two Inches long and hexangular,
containing, in fix Cells fo many rows of fimall, flat, brown Seeds, exadly
of the fhape of a Heart, the points lying in, and the bafes making the an-
gular Pod, which, when ripe, leaps open, the Seeds dropping out.

The whole Plant {mells very ftrong, and very gratefully.

It grows every where in the Woods about the Town.

The Root is bitterifh, hot in the third Degree, fmelling {weet and rofiny.
If put in form of a PoultefS on Swellings it Curesthem. It eafes pain, and
puts off the cold fit of an Ague. It ftrengthens the Heart, Stomach and Brain.
Cleanfes the Stomach and Breaft, and ftops Fluxes. ernandes.

The Decoction of this Plant with Oil, is a good Liniment againft Serpents
bites. The Decoction of the Root, or the fame mixt with water, is good
in the fame. It takes away cold Fevers, Headaches, Dropfies and Dyfurie.
If usd in Lotion it Cures the Gout. The Juice, with Pepper and hoe
Water, Cures the Flux of Blood. AY. ™.

XXXII. Digitalis, folio oblongo ferrato, ad foliorum alas florida, Cat. p. 60.
Tab.104. Fig. 2.

This grows by a rough, round, green, woody Stalk, to about two Foor
high, having Leaves fet on it without any order, ten Inches Jong, and two
broad in the middle, indented about the edges, rough, and like to ‘the
Leaves of Digitalis. ‘Towardsthe top ex alis folzoram come out fouror five
Inches long Stalks, ‘being branch’d ‘at their tops, and fuftaining feveral
yellowith green, difform, monopetalous Flowers, with dark {pots within, after
which follows, in a hard Seed-Veffel, many {mall brown Seeds.

The whole Plant ‘has a'ftrong ‘fimell.

It grew by the fides of the Path going to fixteen Mile Walk, and under
the Town on the Banks of the Rio Cobre.

XXXII. Solanum lethale, frutiw rubro, femine copiofioré minutiffimo. Cat.
» 60. 3
: This rifes to five Foot high, by a quadrangular Stem, as thick as ones
‘middle Finger, covered with a clay coloured {mooth Bark, being jointed at
‘every two or three Inches diftance, and having two Leaves at every Joint, {ét
oppofite to one another, each of which has an Inch long, green, round, Foot-
Stalk, is nine Inches long, and four broad in the middle, where broadeft,
being narrow at the beginning and end, a little indented about the edges,
having one middle, and feveral tranfverfe Ribs, being fmooth, and of ‘a
dark green colour. Ex alis foliorum come the Flowers, feveral together, being

on the fame Inch long, green Foot-Stalk. They are yellowifh ou
2 fae = wit

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 163

“3 es ae

with feveral Stamina in the middle, after which follow fo many red Ber-
ries, as big as a larger Pea, containing in a Pulp of the fame colour, an
a number of extremely {mall, brown Seed, almoft like chat of To-
ACCO.
It grows in fixteen Mile Walk-path, by the Rivers fide, and under the
Sait of St. Fago de la Vega, on the Banks fide, onthe fame fide of the
iver.

XXXIV. Zingiber C.B. pin. Cat. p. 60. Ind. or. part. 6. p.83- Nieuhof
p.83. Zinziber flore albo, a D. Steph. Swert. Sacaviro de “Flac. p.126. Baym
Flor. fin, lit. V. Theven. p.6. Gingembre de Feynes p. 105. De Rochef. Tab.
p. 60. Zingiber anguffiori folio, famina, utriufque Indie alumna, Plukenet.
Alm. p. 307. Ginger.

The Root of this is flat, as broad as ones Hand, having feveral round
Apices or ends, on every fide of it, like the Cyme or Gemme of fome
Plants, about the bignefs of ones little Finger, of half an Inchthicknefs, it is
of a whitifh yellow colour, and has many fibrous Roots drawing its Nou-
‘iment. From this rifes a Stalk about two Foot high, having feveral Leaves
going alternatively from oppofite fides of the Stalk, each whereof is in co-
Jour fike the gladiolus Leaves, though in their Confiftence and Veins they
refémble thofe of the Cazna Indica, being not fo broad, and fomewhat
longer. The Flowers fiand on a diftinét Stalk, without any Leaves, taking
their rife from the Root as thofe of our Avwm. It is about a Foot high,
jointed, there being at cach Joint a Membrane, of a yellowifh green colour,
covering the Stalk to the next Joint. Atand near the top come the Flowers,
a great many together, fet very clofe, and making a long {pherical Head,
which is made up of a great many fingle Flowers, each whereof has one
large broad membranous |_caf, of a yellowifh green colour, Concave above,
and Convex below. IJnits hollow fide are the Rudiments of the Fruit, viz.
around purplifh Knob, ftanding on a {mall Foort-Stalk, and being coronated
by along Membrane of the fame colour. In sfome time the round Knob,
{wells, and, 1 fuppofe, coms to a Berry as thefe others J take to be of the
{ame Kind which are defcribed hereafter.

The whole Plant {mells gratefully {weet, and pleafantly.

—Teis planted in all parts.of this Ifland, but was brought firft from the
Eai-Indies, it growing about Malabar in great plenty.

Great quantities of it are preferved here while it is yet green, and before
ic be grown full of Strings or Filaments. “Tis boiled in feveral waters, and
made tender before it be preferv’d, as likewife ‘tis clear'd of its outward
Skin. Ific be too old it leaves Strings or Filaments in the Mouth, which
comes from its Age, and no lye, whereby it was cured, as Garcias and
others fay.

A.Limpid red cranfparent Oil, {wimming on water, is by fimple Diftillati-
on got out of thefe Roots, agrecing in fmell and taft with Ginger, only
moremild. At a year-old ’tis taken out of the Earth, fund for fourteen
days, then {prinkled with Athes of Wood or Lime, and {0} is kept, other-
wife at is liable to Corruption and Worms. “Tis fent dry’d, or preferv’d,
evéry where. It does not like afandy, or not cultivated Soil, and when ’tis
above fa year old ‘cis fill'd with woody Filaments. It lofes its Leaves in
Fanwary and February. The chief vertue is in the Root, which, befides,
taken in Vi@tuals, remedies Afthmas, Coughs, tough Flegm, Squeamifh-
nefs, being helpful to the evil difpofed Stomach. Outwardly applied it
Cures the Gout in the Feet and Hands. Beaten with water, and infufed
into the Eyes, it Cures the Vertigo that comes from Stoppages in Women

: after

104. The Natural Hifory of Jamaica.

after Childbirth, which, unlefs cured in time, brings Palfies, Epilepfies,
Madneffes, and even Death its felf in thofe Regions. AY. M.

It is ufed againft cold Difeafes of the Stomach and Guts, being beaten and
mixt with Coco-Cil, and applied to the part, and to venomous Wounds.
A medicated Wine is made of it inthe Philippine lands. It is planted in
Mexico, in fat, low, dunged, fhady Lands, inthe month of March, by pieces
of the bignefs of the Thumb, put five Inches afunder, and five Inches deep.
It is covered with Earth, and watered after planting. It is to be watered
afterwards twice 2 Week, or once if the Earth be moitt. Afvernandez.

Inthe £./?-Zedics “tis eat green as a Sallet, the Root being cut in {mall
pieces and mixt with other Herbs. Gar. Or pickled with Salt and Vinegar,
called Achar, or preferved. The beft comes from China, little comes from
the Fa/t-Lndies, but moft from St. Thomas, St. Domingo, New-Spain, and the
hot Weft-Indics. Linfchotten fays they ufe to cure it by covering it with
PotterseEarth, by which it was kept frefh, ic is good for the Stomach.
Lin{chot.

Ir gently loofens and heats, ftrengthening the Stomach. Candied it provokes
to Venery. Itis good againft darknefs of fight, and for every thing as Pepper
Ger. :

It is taken out of the ground, and a little dried in December and Fanuary,
then covered with a little Clay, not to increafe weight, but to keepit from
Corruption. Gare.

, Te was firft brought by Francifco de Mendoza to New-Spain from the Eaft-
Indies, and it thrives very much, being planted by Root or Seed. The dry

is candied, being firft buried in wet places, where Rufhes grows, or fre-
quently wafh’d and laid in hot water till ic be tender then with Sugar it is
preferv’d as when green. Mon.

Lobels Cut in the Adverfaria is not good. That in Pharmasopeiam Rond.
Truer.

It grew in Balfora. Pedre Matteo apud Zanoni.

There are two forts, red and white, the red is rubb'd over with Rabrica,
the whice with Chalk to keep it from Worms, to which, when young and
white, ‘tis very obnoxious. Bod. a Stapel.

The firft Ginger was brought tothe Weft from the Fa/t-Indies, and multiplied
then after fuch a manner, that in 1547. there was in the Flota 22053
Quintals. Fef. Acoffa.

The Root grows in the Maluccos. Gom.

Wine with it, and Cumia boiled in it, is good againft the Wind in the Guts
and Stomach, occafioning pain. Taken to half an Ounce in a draught at
night going to Bed, it expels ili humours by fweat. Dorf.

What grows wild is beft. Zhevet. |

There are Roots white and red by the Druggifts. The red is befmeared
with Rutrica, the white with Chalk, to preferve them from Worms, call’d
by Amatus red and white Ginger. C.B. pia.

There is the white and black, the firft from the Faft-Jndies is foft, the
other from the We/f-Zndies is really different. Park.

There is a difference of that fromthe Zaft and Wef, It grows wild inthe
Eaft-Indies, though it be not fo good as that planted. They cure it when
its Leaves dye. In December and Fanuary ’tis fit to Candy, ‘tis firft bark’d,
and kept in Brine or Vinegar for an hour or two, then fund for fo long,
and then cover’d in a Houfe, rill all irs humidity is gone, then they are
candied with Sugar or Brine. Its Acrimony is loft by too much watering.
It is good in Colicks, Lienteries, oc. Pif.

They

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 1 Os

They plant it in Madagafcar, under the Eves for Rain. It is forbid, for
hindering the fale of Pepper, by the King of Spaiz. The green Leaves
areus’d in Sauce. The Roots are cur’d on the dying of its Leaves once 4
year. Cauche. p. 163. | |

It was brought fifteen years fince to Chriftendom from Cairo, with other
Spices, now it is carried thither. Albert.

It is forbidden to be brought from Brafil by the Portuguezes, becaufle of
the hindering che Vent of Pepper. Pyrard. p.2. p. 139.

That Ginger which is gathered in Fanuary and February is beft. They
Give in China the Decodtion with hot Water to Sweat. He that cakes of ir
in a morning fafiing, 1s preferved from Venom all that day. The Conferve
is good for cold Difeafes of the Stomach. Boym.

Ginger 1s very common in all the pares of the Weft and Eaft-Indies. It
came from the laft of thefe places ro the Weft, from whence moft of what
is brought into Europe comes.

Ginger when ripe isdug up. They cut off the Blades, {craping the Skin
off, with Knives to kill it. Negros f{cald it to kill it, which makes it hard
and black, the other method making it foft and white, with a cleaner and

quicker taft. Ligon. p. 79.

“XXXVI. Zinziber fylvrftre minus, fruthu & caulium fubsmitate exeunte, Cat.
p. 61. Tab.105. Fig. 1. Wild-Ginger. .

This, which was very like the Zerumbet Garz. grew to about four Foot
high, the Stalk was round, and covered with Leaves from the Root up-
wards to the very top, each whereof was about four Inches long, and two
broad, of an almoft oval figure, and graflie, being thin, and having a great
many Ribs run trom the Center of the Foot-Stalk, through all parts of the
Leaf tothe point, like to the Zvdian Cane. The Flowers ftand at top of
the Stalk in a Head together, which is compofed of a great many fet in
a three Inch long Spike, pretty clofe together, of a pale purple colour,
each whercof is made up of one membranous Leaf, Convex on its under-
moft fide, and Concave above ; in which ftand, on an half Inch long Foot-
Stalk, the Radiments of the Fruit, being a round protuberance, or knob,
onthe top of which is a tuft of fomelong, withered, dry membranaceous
Leaves, or Flowers making a ‘Crown. -The round knob, after fome time,
{wells into an oblong, oval, purple Berry. The Root is made up of a
great many white, round, two Inch long, thick Strings, {melling like Ginger,
fpread’on every fide

It grows on the North fide of Mount Diablo, very pentifully, among the
fhady Woods, inthe Path going to Gixteen Mile Walk, and in moft of the
Inland woody parts of the Ifland.

The Root bruited, and. applied asa Poultice in Cancers, oli me tangere’s,
ec. is reckoned a vety. extraordinary and admirable Medicine, and if one
will give Credit to the “Relations of Indians or Negros, is a never failing
Remedy in thofe defperace Cafes, > te

XXXVII. Zinziber fylveftre majus, fruttn in pediculo fingulari, Cat.p. 61.
Tab. 105. Fig. 2. Cardamemum Brafilianum latifolinm, fylveftre, pacoferoca Braf=
Lienfibus. “Breyn. pr. 2. p.107- Canna Indica ad imum caulem racemifera, Plukew:
Alm, p. 80. ~ eth ine

This differs in nothing from that immediately preceding, only the
Stalk rifes_ eight or Foot high, having much’ larger Leaves, and in nine
licu of ‘having’ “its “Flowers and Fruit on the end of the Stalk it has a
Stalk about three Foot high, immediatly {pringing from the Root like our
drums or Orobanche's, being jointed, and having cach internodium covered

7 Uu witl:

166 ‘The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

with a dry purplifh membrane, coming from the’ under Joint, and on
its top a four Inches long Spike of Flowers, exactly like the former, only
larger.

tt grew with the other on the North fide of Mount Déadlo.

The juicy Skin flains the Skin of a brown colour, as Black-Cherries, of
Violets, and therefore is us’d for Ink. Marcgr.

‘Che Leaves, Stalk, and unripe Fruit, if rub’d, fmell pleafancly, like
Ginger, and therefore fupply the want of Spices. Hot Baths are likewife
made of them Pio

Colsa, in his difcovery of Hi/paniola, mentions Gengevo to grow fponte, by
which, I {uppofe, he meant this or the precedent.

XXXVI Cardamomum minus pfeudo-afphodeli foliis. Cate p61. Tab. 103.
Bie. 3.

“The Leaves of this had more than an Inch long Foot-Stalks, were four
Triches long, and more than one broad, in the middle where broadeft, and
whence they decreafed to both extremes, ending in a point. They were
even on the edges, thin, and like the others of this Kind. The Stalk was
naked of thefe Leaves, having now and then fome {maller, without any Foor
Stalks inciefing the Stalk, one of which was under every Flawer, as in the
Orchides. The Spike its felf was large, about three Inches long, thick fer
with Flowers, the under part of which {welled out into a trigonous, oblong

éad, in which, in feveral Cells, lay much very {mall downy Seeds, as ia
others of this Kind. The Stalk of this was not over feyen Inches high, but
Ido not rémember whether it was perfect.

J liad it about Geenaboa.

— XXXIX. Avon maximum Zigyptiacum quod vuigo Colocafia, C. B. Cat. p. 6x.
Arum FEayptiacum florigerum cy fruttum ferens, radice magna orbiculari. Pluken.
Almag, p.5%. Tamesin St. Helena of Dampier. cap. ult. Tayas. |

_ Thefe grow very commonly by the Rivulets, which come down from the
Mountains, running the year long, and are planted likewife by fome of
the Mnhabitants for Provifion in their Plantations.

They have a Flower and Fruit, juft like the Avums, which ftands ona
peculiar Foot-Sralk. | 3

The Leaves are ufed to carry frefh Fruit, Cheefe, ec. in Madera, |

Cefalpinus Fays that it grows in Sicily, and that the Root is eaten, and
the Leayes, boiled in Vinegars... 4 4. se
~ The Roots-are ufed in Jamaica, being boiled as Tams. ‘They havea biting
taft in the Throat, if not very well prepar’d, and therefore not very thuch
coveted, but only infcaree times. eee
' Alpinus {ays he never could fee it Flower, but I have feen it feveral times
in Perfection, and therefore he very undeferyedly blames Diofcorides. It ‘is
éaten by thofe indulging Venery very much, both raw and boiled,; being
thought helpful thereto. *Tis common inthe Markets, and cheap. <A/pinus
V eflingius defcribes-and figures it flowering. eee
[tis thought by A/pinus £9 be the Faba, Egyptia, Cobocalfia & arum Am
eyptium, of the Ancients. . Reena fays, both Leaves and -Roots. of
Sin dre éaten, Hib. 7. cap.11, 12. But the common <4rwm is fharp and
opening, this Adftringent, : Celelaines's, potree. Abate is;

‘Bellenius found it wild by the Rivulets of Crete‘in great plenty. .. |.
m Egypt to ‘Rome, there to ‘be fold; whence Martial,

—

This was feat fro
Niliacum ridebis obis, Uinafque fequaces. Bod. a Stapel.
pias The

Lhe Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 16 7

The ‘common Aram, Leaves and Roots, and Dracentism Roots were in
ancient times boiled and eaten, as may appear from Dio{corides and Galen.

It is Adfiringent, and good againft Fluxes. It makes the People feedin
on it pale. Loz. :

Pliny fays Avon is efculent. Czjalp.

Twas brought into Portugal from Africa, where the Slaves love ir very
_much. In Azypt they feed on it as we on Turnips, putting a little of the
Ale intothe River fide. He faw it (Rawelf) grow ahout Zripoli and Halepo.

Ht}.

_ The Hippopotamus lives on its Roots in Egypt, where it grows wild, and
in Sicély, and the Kingdom of Naples. It is eaten and praifed by the Slaves
and Turks at Naples. It is not the Faba Aégyptia. Col.

it is pernicious in the Root, and therefore muft be three or four days
macerated in water, being flic’d to wafh off its Mucilage, which is dele-
terious, then the Roots are prefs'd, dry’d in the Sun, and made into Flower
afterwards made into Cakes. The Favans of Mataras were killed by it,
eating of it many Weeks, Befieging the Dutch, and wanting Rice. It kills
2 bringing the Dyfentery. The firft Decoction is to be thrown away.

Ont,

XLI. Arum minus, nymphee foliis efenlentum. Cat. p. 62. Tab. 106. Fig. 1.
Choux Caraibes. De Bouton. p.47.. Sonzes de Placourt, p. 117. Efpece de Chou
de Biet. p.335. Rapunculus Braflienfis tuberofus, feu Battata Tajacba Brafili-
enfrins. Marcer. Pif. Rait hiff. p 1334. Campanula tuberofa Indica convolvuli
cordatis foliis denfioribus radice e[culenta. Pluken. Alm. p.78. An Arum minus
Benzclen{> colocafia foliis Ejufdem. Alm.p. 51? <n Arum Zeylanicum mings
colocape facie pediculis punicantibus, Cr viridantibus. Ferm. par, Bat. pr. p. 314 ?
Parad. p.77 2 Colocafia Brafiliana lactefcens latifolia caule fufco. Tajaoba. Pif.
t Marecr. Bjufd. par. Bat. p. 86. An Arum humile Ceylanicum latifolinm pi-
ftilte cotcineo. Comm. hort. part. ¥. p-97- Indian Cail, or Tajas the leffer. -

This has a fall tubcrous Root, bigger than a Walnut, and feveral
Leaves rifing from the fame Root, about a Foot high from the Ground, the
Foot-Stalks firpport'a Leafvery like thofe of Colocafta, only fmaller, being of
a yellowifh green colour, and very like in Figure, Colour, Ribs, @c. to the
Leaves of the white 4water Lilly. “Ihe Flowér ‘and Fruieftand on peculiar
Foot-Stalks, like thofe of the other Arums.

They are planted ‘here very carefully, in moft Plantations.

The Roots are eaten as Batatas, but their chief ufe is for the Leaves,
which are boil’d, and -with Butter eat, as Coleworts, and to the taft are
extremely -pleafing.

They leofen the Belly. Pifo. His Figure is good.

Thele of Madacafcar eat ‘this Root, in want of Tams or Rice, as we the
Leaves in Pottage. Cuanché. B22

XL Arum minus efculentum, fagittaria foliis viridi-nigricantibus. “Cat p63.
Tab. 106. Fig.2. An Arum -montanum colocafte raiice rotunda. FLerm. par.
Batip. 8 > Colocifia Brafiliana tathelcons latifelia, Canle vivid, Mangere pean.
FUE bar: Bist p. Bp ee ee eee eee. |
This in-every thing is like'the preceding, orily the'Leaves are larger, nar-
rower, “and nor fo-round, being liker‘to our common Arym: {mooth, of.a
very dark green cdlout, oft, and fomewhat corrugated on its furface, with a
Welt round the edges. z ae

It is planted as the former, and ferves for the fame purpofes.

Pif

— ¥ —

168 ‘Tbe Natural Hiftory of ) Jamaica. |

Pifo in the firft Edition fays thefe Leaves are nor eatable, but in the {econd -
that they are. |

The Roots are boil’d, and taft musk’d or f{weer. Marcer.

Pijo’s Figure is not good.

XLII. Arum faxatile majas, foliis rotundioribus, frudta purpureo. Cat. p. 63.
An Arum Americanum, folio ampliffino, flore c trudtu rubro. Plum T, ournet,
Inf. p.1592 vel An Arum Americanum, acinis amethyfinis, parvo flore. Ejufa.
ih. p. 160?

Three or four Leaves {pring from the fame Root, ftanding on Foot long
Foot-Stalks, being like the Leaves of Cuckow Pint, onty Jarger, and
rounder ear’d, being two Foot Jong, or from the Foot-Stalks end, to the
rounde({t point oppofite to it, and one Foot broad, from one round Bafe to
the other, fomething of the fhape of a Heart, and having great Ribs run-
ning from the Foot-Stalks end, as from a common Center. The i lower
and fruit, comes in every thing, after the fame manner, as in the ordinary
Arum, only the Acini, or Berries, are plac'd ina very comely order, ona Foot
long Veftle, being larger below thanat top, and are of a brownifh or purple
colour.

It grows on the Rocks in the fhady Woods, on the red Hills near Gya-
aatea, and near F/ope River, in the Mountains of Lizuanec.

XLII. Aram caule geniculato, canne Indice foliis, fummis labris deguftantes
mutos reddens. Cat. p. 63.. Canna Indica venenata, Ourari forte part. 8. Ind.
Occident.. p. 422. ©. B. pin. p. 184. Plucenet. Almag. p. 79. The Dumb
Cane. a= | 7

This rifes to be about five Foot high, by ajointed, very green, fucculent,
folid Stalk, as big as ones Thomb, without any Leaves ‘till towards the
top, where come feveral, ftanding on. large Foot-Stalks They are round at
the Bafe, and from thence decreafe to the point, being fomething like thofe
of the Cana Indica, only much thicker, and of adarker green colour. A-
mong thefe Leaves come out the Flowers, at the trop of the Stalk, and
after them the. Fruit, being. in every thing like thole of the other drums.

They grow in all moift low Lands and bottoms of this Ifland.

If one cut this Cane with a Knife,-and put the tip of the Tongue to it,
it makes a very painful Senfation, and occafions fuch a very great irrication
on the falivary Ducts, that they prefently fiell. fo that the perfon cannot
{peak,; and do-nothing for fome time but void Spittle in a great degree, or
Salivate, which in fome.time goes off, in this doing in a grearer degree, what
European Arum does in a lefier, and from this its quality, and being jointed.
this Aram is called Dumb-Cane. ... . - .» :

Pieces of this. Stalk are cut,,and put into Baths and Fomentations -for
Hydropick Legs, and are thought very effectual.

Strangers muft be warned of thefe Canes, they looking like thofe' of
Sugar. Lzet. | :

Iris eat by Zadians for want of better Meat. The Root is of more force
than the Fruit or Leaves ; befides, the firft qualities, being of very {mall parts,
and opening Obftructions, Fomentations are made of them againft Inflam-
mations and Obftructions of Hypochondres and Reins ; and the Oil is good
again{t thofe Evils, and fupplies that of Capers, and Lilies. The Roots
fliced and boiled in Wine, made into Baths, and ufed to the Feet, it is of
great ufe again{t old and late Gouts, Pi/o. 2

"The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 169°

XLIV. Aram maximum altilfimas [candens arbores, foliis nymphee laciniatis
Cat.p.63- An A Vine witha Leaf pretty broad and roundifh, and of a thick
{ubftance, of Dampier, cap. 162 Dracunculus Americanus colocafe foliis laci-~
niatis. Tournef. Inft. p. 161%.

This has a green jointed Stalk, which has Clavicles, exaétly like the
Arum maximum trifoliatum altiffimas [candens arbores, Gc. by which it fticks to
the Truncs of Trees, and comes to be twenty or thirty Foot high, at its
top having féveral Leaves like thofe of Nymphea when young, but ferrated,
and finuated about the edges when old, by which it may be fufficiently di-
{tinguifh’d from others of this Kind. At the top of the Stalk come out
Flowers, and a Fruit afterwards, like thofe of the other Arum’s. Thefe
come out from amongft the Leaves. ,

It is very ordinary in the larger Woods of the Curibes, as well as Fa-
maica. ,
lf this bethe fame that Captain Dazspicr means, he tellsus, that the Leaves
pounded {fimall, and boiled with Hogs Lard, make an excellent Salve for
old Ulcers in Legs, andthat one of his Men came to the knowledge of it
by an Jndian of the Ifthmus of Darien.

XLV. Arum maximum {candens geniculatum cy trifoliatum foliis, ad bafin an-
riculatis. Cat. p» 63. An Hinca de Mizmaitl. Hernandez? Seu dracontium
Mexicanum aromaticum. Flerm. parad, Cat. p. 922 Dracunculus Americanus,
(candens triphyllus & anritus. Tournef. Inft. p. 161.

This Plant has a round Stalk of half an Inch Diameter, green, very thick
jointed, fullofa {pongy MJedulla and milky Juice, From each Joint of this
go out five or fix Clavicles by them, it takes hold, and fticks very clofe,
and faft to any Tree it comes near, and rifcs very often to twenty or thirty
Foot high, being naked of Leaves, till near the top, where are a great
many round it. ‘The Foot-Stalks of the Leaves encompafs the Stalk, leaving
a mark when they drop off, making the Joint. Each of them is two Foot
long, round, green, half an Inch thick, full of a fpongy Matter, and having
two foliofe fimbrie, one on each fide, green and thin, running half of the
length of the Foot-Stalk. The Leaf its felf is very deeply divided into
feven parts, or rather three Leaves with Auricles, the uppermoft, or that
Leaf or Section in the middle, being the longeft and largeft, viz. a Foor
long, and half as broad, having one middle Rib, and fome tranf{verfe ones,
being of a very dark green colour, {mooth, and finuated as the Leaves of
Arum. The two other Leaves or SeCtions ad bafia, arc leffer than the other,
and befides have a large Appendix or Ear, at their outfide Bafe, which
makes up the five Leaves or Sc¢tions, and this Appendix or Ear has another
like it felf, only leffer, making up the feven Leaves or Sections. Fx alis
foliorum, at the top come out Stalks, fuftaining within a white monope-
talous Sheath, Hofe, or membranous covering, a white Peltle, in every
thing like that of the Arums.

Every part of this Plant is milky.

It grows on each fide of the Rio Cobre, below and above the Town, on

the ae of the larger Trees, and in the Woods in moft parts of this
Ifland.

XLVI. Arum faxatile, repens, minus, geniculatum Cr trifoliatum. Cat. p. 36.

This is in every thing like that above defcribed, only leffer, and the
Leaves without Ears, and each of the three Leaves or Sections equal to one
another. The Flowers and Fruit are likewife the fame.

x s Ic

ea

170. © The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

It grows running along the Rocks, in fhady Woods, in fixteen Mile
Walk, and elfewhere.

XLVII. Colocafia hederacea fterilis minor folio cordato. Plumier. Cat. p. 63.
Arum Americanum {candens foliis cordiformibus. Tournef. Inft. p. 159.

This has a green, juicy, jointed Stem, of about the bignefS of a Goofe-
Quill, being round and {mooth, climbing by means of its large Clavicles
it has at joints to about thirty or forty Foot high, and hanging down again
to the ground. At every three or four Inches, it puts out Leaves ftanding
on two Inches long, green Foot-Stalks, the Leaf it felf being cordated, or
of the fhape of a Heart, three Inches long, and two broad at the round
Bafe, where broadeft, and whence it decreafes, ending in a point, being
{mooth, or equal on the edges, very juicy, green, and having feveral Striz,
or {mall fuperficial Veins appearing on it, being lucid and fhining, and very
pleafant to look on. What Fruit or Flower it bears 1 know not, never
having {een them, though I have frequently obferved it, both in Famaica,
and the Caribes, but believe with F. Plumicr it is a Colocafia, and therefore
have placed it here.

It grows in the woody fhady places of Famaica, and the Caribes.

Crap: VII:
Of Verticillated Plants.

Hereare very few verticillated Plants wild inthe Ifland of Famai-
ca, at leaft I met with very few of that Tribe there, as will ap-
pear to any one who perutes the following Obfervations, and yet
there are (I think) more of the Ewropean Verticillate, that there
grow,and thrive well by Culture, than of any Tribe whatever ;

for there is Rofemary, Lavender, Marjoram, Pennyroyal, Thyme, Sage, Sa-

voury, cc. in great plenty, whereas many other Kinds of as ufeful Plants
are very hardly raifed, or brought to perfection.

I. Puleginm fruticofum erechum verticillis denfiffimis. Cat. p. 64.

This has a four Inch long, reddifh Root, with fome lateral fibers, from
which arifes a {quare, woody, brown Stalk, three or four Foot high,
branch’'d towards the top, and thick fet at the Joints, which are an Inch
afunder, with long undivided Leaves, an Inch long, and not over the eighth
part of an Inch broad in the middle, like thofe of Hyfop, of a yellowith
green colour, {mooth, and having a fell like thofe of St. fobn’s Wort.
The Flowers are many, fet round the Joints in a large, round knob, are not
galeated, but only have Lips divided into four parts, white, and fet very
clofe together, making a very large, round knob, and in the Calyx of the
Flower follows brown, {mall, oblong Seeds, each of which has a {mall Furs
row, or Canalure on one fide, and is round onthe other, in that refembling

.the ordinary Wheat.

It grows very plentifully in the Fown Savannas, and Flowers the whole
year round.

if. Men-

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

I7I

— ae

et

I]. Mentaftrum maximum, flore coruleo, nardi odore. Cat. p. 64. Tab. 102.

Fig. 2. Erva Cidreira Lufitanis. Maregr. Citrago feu Meliffa Citrata Brafilienfts.

Raii Hift. p. 1332. Meliffa Famaicana odoratiffima. Plukenet. Alm. p. 247.
Phytogr. Tab. 306. Fig.3. An mentha Americana meliffe foliis graveolentibus.
Herm. par. Bat. pr. Plukenct. Alm. p.r4% 2 Phytogr. Tad. 306. Fig.62 Indian
Spikenard.

This near the Root has a red, round, rough Stem, which rifes nine or ten
Foot high, having towards the top a f{quare Stalk, and oppofite Branches.
The Leaves ftand on an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are more than two Inches long,
about one Inch broad in the middle, where broadeft, are finuated, or deeply
jagged onthe edges, hoary, and of a pretty dark green colour. The Flowers
are ftanding round the Stalk Perticillatim, blue, fmall, tetrapetalous, in a
quarter of an Inch long ftriated, furrowed, or cannulated Calyces, the top of
which has frve Hairs or Prickles. Each of thefe Calyces contains two black,
almoft round, flat Seeds, having a protuberance in their middle.

The whole Plant fells very ftrong, pleafantly, and like Spikenard, or
fomewhat like a Citron, whence the name given it by the Portague/es.

It grew on the fandy Sea Banks near old Harbour, in the Low Lands or
Savannas near the Town, and in feveral places of this Ifland.

It is efteem’d a very great Alexipharmac, and is much ufed in outward
Fomentations.

Pifo usd this in place of Balm, either in outward Fomentations, or as its
diftill’d water in the Collick, or other flatulent Diftempers, as well as in Cor-
dial Potions.

Ill, Verbena folio fubrotundo ferrato flore caeruleo. Cat. p. 64: Tab. 1073
Fig.x. Vervain. .

This Plant has a long Root, very ftrongly fix’d into the Earth by feveral
lateral fibers, drawing its Nourifhment, and fending up feveral two or three
Foot long, jointed four-{quare Stalks. The Leaves ftand atthe Joints op-
pofite to one another, on {hort Foot-Stalks, are two Inches long, one broad,
having many Ribs, the principal whereof are purple. They are deeply fer-
rated, very fmooth, and green, having fmaller onescoming out ex eorum ala.
The Flowers ftand on the Branches ends Spike fafhion. ‘The Spike is long,
the Flowers are thick fet round it, without any Leaves between, are mono-
petalous, with the Ore divided into five parts, of a deep blue colour, onc,
two, three, four, or five Flowers, opening at a time, fucceflively one
after another from the bottom upwards. After each of thefe follows in a
greenifh brown Calyx or Husk one Seed or rather Husk, fomething like to
that of Wheat in fhape and colour, only in every thing {maller, being cafily
divifible into two, both being clofe covered with the fame Membrane. The
Seeds being in a Cavity on the fide of the Spike, and are covered with three
fharp, brownifh, membranous Leaves.

This grows in claiy grounds, in the Savanuas, in the Road going to Gus-
maboa, on the Red Hills, and in many other places in all the Curibes, but
motft plentifully near Bridgetowsin Barbados.

It is very much us’d in Clyfters for the Belly-ach ; and by fome in Poul-
tefles, with Onions, for the Dropfie. |

This and Lime-Roots boiled together,the Decottion is faid here to cure the
Dropfie, or a Decodtion of this after the manner of Tea, is of its felf
counted a powerful Sudorifick, lying warm after it. It is to be drank very
warm.

Itis very much in repute among the Zndian and Negro Doctors for the

Cure of moft Difeafes. ts

~ -

a

172. ~~ The Natural Fiftory of Jamaica.

If this be Afonardes his Verbena of Peru, as by the Vertues, it may, ’tis
thought by him, and he tells feveral Stories, whereby he would make it ap-
pear to be one of the beft Medicines againft Worms, if the depurated Juice
with Sugar, be drank. It is bitter. ee

Ic is ufed in Ulcers, beaten and laid asa Poultefs. A {poonful of the juice ~
is given to thofe who have theCollick, Dyfentery, Cholera Morbus, or any
Bowel Difeafe. It is good againft Charms. Bont.

LV. Verbena minima Chameadryos folio. Cat. p. 64. Tab. 107. Fig. 2.

This Plane has a great many blackith fibrils coming from each fide, of q
long, reddifh brown, deep Root. At its appearance out of the Earth it
iends out on every hand feveral fmall, fqQuare, trailing, jointed Stalks, two
Foot long, at the Joints ftriking fome fibrous Roots into the Earth. Ar
every two Inches diftance are f{welled, reddith Joints, where come the
Leaves fet oppofite one to the other, on a quarter of an Inch Foot-Stalks,
They are three quarters of an Inch long, and half an Inch broad, hairy, fhipe
about the edges, and like thofe of the Chamedrys Spuria. At the ends of
the Branches come the Inch and an half long Spikes of {mall blue headed
Flowers, cach of which ftands in a rough Calyx, and after them fucceed {e-
veral roundifh Seeds, having Afperities and Depreflions in them, and being
of a light brown colour.

It grew nearthe Banks of the Rio-Cobre, below the Town of of St, Fage
de la Vega, on the fame fide of the River.

V. Verbena aut {corodonie afinis anomala, flore albldo, calyce a{pero, allii odore,
Cat. p.64. Guinea Hen-Weed. )

This Plant has a very {trong Root, deeply faftned in the Earth, of a
brownifh white colour, from whence fprings a very ftrong Stalk jointed,
two Foot high, at whofe Joints are Leaves an Inch and an half long, and
half as broad inthe middle, where, broadeft, fmooth, and having many
Nerves appearing in their furface. The tops of the Branches are, for a Foot
in length, without any Leaves, fet clofe on every fide with white Tetrape-
talous Flowers, in a very rough Calix, flicking clofe to the Stalk, without
any Foot-Stalks, after which follow, inclofed in a very rough Seed-Vefiel,
one brown long Seed.

All the parts of this Plant have a very {trong unfavoury {mell, like te
Wild-Garlick.

It grows in fhady Woods, in the Savannas, every where.

The Roots of this Plant going very deep into the Earth, afford it Nourifh-
ment, when other Herbs and Grafs are burnt up, and when Cattle can find
no other Food, they feed onthis. Hence Cows Milk in dry Seafons, inthe
Savannas, taft fo ftrong of it as not to be favoury, and the Flefh of Oxen
taft of ic fo much as fcarce to be endured, and their Kidnies after a very
intolerable manner. ‘To avoid thefe inconveniencies, Grafiers, who feed
Cattle for the Market, take them off fuch Paftures, and feed them with
other fort of Food, and in about a Weeks time they are fitted for the
Butcher, their Flefh having no taft of this remaining.

This raft in Milk or Flefh, is faid commenly, and believed to be from the
Calabafh-Tree, on whofe Fruit and Boughs Cattle likewife then feed, but ’tis
perfectly the taft of this Plant, and not of the other. ;

: A a of this Root being put into a hollow Tooth, Cures the aching
thereof.

VI. On-

ne

173,

VI. Ocimum rubrum medium. Cat. p. 65. | |
_ The Plant growing here, agrees exactly to the Defcription of Ocimum In-
dicum, Cluf. only it has neither fpotted, nor ferrated Leaves, and is not
above half a Foot high, which perhaps may come from the variety of
Soils, that defcribed by C/ufus, being the Plant raifed from Seed {ent from
the Lndies.

It grows every where in the moift places of the Low Lands, or Sa-
vannas. .

It is reckonéd a great Cordial, and therefore Diftill’d, and us‘d {everal
other ways, efpecially by the Spaniards.

VIN. Hormino afinis, foliis anguftis, glabris. Cat.p. 65. Tab. 102. Fig. 3.

This had a fquare Stalk, hollow, with fome Branches, ftanding oppofite
to one another, on which, at half an Inches diftance, were placed the Leaves
Oppofire to one another likewife, being an Inch long, and about a quarter of
an Inch broad, flightly indented about the edges. The Flowers came clofe
together at top in a Spike, being large, and ftanding on one third part
of an Inches Foot-Sralk.

I found it in the North parts of this Ifland, whence I brought it to the
South, and defcribed it fome days after, from whence comes the fhortnefS
of my Defcription, and imperfections of my Obfervations about it.

The indentures of the Leaves, Flowers fet clofé at top, cc. diftinguith
this {ufficiently from Hormino accedens anguftilfimo folio Madera[patenfis, Pluken,
- Phyt. Tab. 194. Fig. 7.

VIL. Nepeta maxima, flore albo, {pica habitiori. Cat. p. 65. Tab.108. Fig.t.

This rifes to feven Foot high, though fometimes, in a different Soil, it
may not come to half that heighth, having a {quare, brown Stalk. Towards
the top are many Branches oppofite to one another. The Leaves come.out at
uncertain diftances, likewife oppofite to one another, {tanding on an half Inch
Jong, green, hoary Foot-Stalk, (in which they differ from the Mentha Cataria
auguftifolia major. C.B. pin) They are two Inches long, and three quarters
broad at near the Bafe, where broadeft, whence they decreafe, ending in a
round, blunt point. They are hoary, fnipt, or indented about the edges,
of a whitilh green colour. x alis foliorum come fmall Stalks , having
fometimes Leaves, and fometimes none, but many white labiated Flowers,
fer clofe together round it, Spike fafhion. All the parts of this Plant {mell
very ftrong, like Cat-Mint.

It grows in the Ditches about the Town of St. Fago de la Vega.

IX. Prunella elatior flore albo. Cat. p.65. Tab. 109. Fig.t. ,

This had feveral {mall, brown, two or three Inches long, fibrous Roots.
The Stalk was quadrangular, jointed, green, two or three Foot high, being
a little protuberant at each Joint, having towards the top. Leaves and
Branches, ftanding oppofite to one another. The Leaves ftood on very
fhort Foot-Stalks, were an Inch and an half long, and. three quarters of an
Inch broad, of a pale green colour, with fome Hair on them, being very
like thofe of Prunella. Ger. The tops were fhort Spikes of white, and
tubulous Fowers, like thofe of this Kind, and after them follow’d among
the Leaves, Capfula’s which were firft green, and then whitifh, containing {e-
veral thin, round, membranaccous, black Seeds with a white Margin, lying
on one another, 7

It grew on a rocky Hill, juft over Colonel Bourden’s Houle beyond Gwa-
naboa.

de X. Prue

Deine GK a

174 ~The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

X. Prunella flore dilute ceruleo pentapetaloideo, Cat. p. 65.

This is another fort of Prunella, which is in every thing the fame with
the former, only not fo high. The Leaves are greener, the Flowers of a pale
blue colour, monopetalous, the Ove being deeply divided into five Sections,
or Petala.

Ir grows in moft Woods of the Ifland.

XI. Sideritis [picata {crophulari«e folio, flore albo, fpicis brevibus habitiori-
bus rotundis, pediculis infidentitus. Cat. p. 65. Tab. 109. Fig. 2. Wild-Hops.

This has {everal {mall, white Roots, which, united, fend upa four {quare,
purplifh Stalk, rifing three Foot, having at every two Inches diftance Leaves
oppofite to one another, exactly like thofe of Scrophularia in bignefs, éc.
Near the top, ex alis foliorum, goes out an Inch long Foot-Stalk, fuftaining
a Spherical Head, about the bignefS of a Hafel-Nut, made up of a great
many galeated white Flowers ftanding clofe together, as in the 7rifolinm
pratenfe purpureum. After thisfollow many fmall, black, fhining Seeds, like
to the {malleft Gun-powder, contained in a hollow, long, brown Calyx,
having five prickly Apices on itstop. The whole Plant, when in ftate with
its Heads, refembles very much a Branch of Hops, whence the name.

It grows on the Road to Guanaboa by a Gully near the Red Hills, near the
Church in Gaanaboa, and in feveral other places of this Ifland.

This Plant is fomewhat anomalous, but this is the beft place I could find
for it. :

XII. Lyfmachia caerulea galericulata, foliis anguftis, longis, ferratis, fatidis.
Cat. p. 66. |

A lebeat many two Inch long white Roots, take very firm hold of the
Farth, and raife an hexangular Stafk to one Foot and an half high, having
here and there Joints and Branches. The Leaves ftand three together, at a
Joint, are long, narrow, jage’d onthe edges, covered with a white Wooll, or
Down, and ending in a point from a broader beginning. The Flowers
come out ex alis foliorum, are blue, {mall, like the other Lyfimachie galericu-
late, having one Section turn’d up, and three hanging down, to which fol-
low a great number of {mali, brown, red Seeds. :

“The whole Plant {mells very ftrong.

ft grows in claiy low places of the Savanna, near the Town of St. Jago
de la Vega, and other places where water has ftood in rainy Seafons.
_ The Leaves of this being ferrated, it cannot be the Scutellaria Firginiana
hyflopi anguftis foliis, flore céruleo. Plukenct. Alm. p. 338.

XIN. Scorodonia floribus fpicatis purpuralcentibus pentapetaloideis, (cmine-unico,
majort, echinato. Cat.p. 66. Tab. 110. Fig. 1

This has a great many four fquare, hollow Stalks, fometimes green, and
fometimes purple, having here and there aboutan Inch diftant from one ano-
ther, at Joints, Leaves {tanding on an half Inch long Foot-Stalks, oppofite to
one another, being about an Inch long, and half as broad at Bale, purple
onthe upper fide, green underneath, rough and indented about the edges,
The top is three or four Inches long, having on ita great many pale purple
Flowers, ftanding in a green woolly Calyx, the Ore of each being divided
into five SeCtions,after which follow fo many rough,round Cap/ula’s,brown,
and inclofing an echinated, round, brown, large Seed.

It grows onthe rocky, barren, clear'd Wood Lands, about Guanaboa,

The juice is counted a good vulnerary, healing green Wounds, after
application giving fome f{marting pains.

= oe XIV. Score

a

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 175

XIV. Scordium maritimum, fraticofam, procumbens, flore cernleo. Cat. p. 66.
Tab. 110. Fig. 2.

This Plant has fmall fibers going ftom the Stalks tnto the Sand, fupplying
the place of Roots. The Stalk isrough, four {qQuare, three or;four Foot long,
lying on the top of the Earth, at every half Inch’s diftance fending out Leaves,
two oppofite to one another, and fometimes Branches after the manner
of other four-(quare ftalk’d Plants. They ate oblong, almoft triangular,
the Bafe flicking to the Stalk without any Foot-Stalk, from whence it
decreafés to the point, being indented or fhipt about theedges, hoary of a
rank {mell, and fomewhat clammy. The Flowers come out ex alis foliovum,
are blue, {mall, and tetrapetalous, with Stamina inthe middle Aftet thefe
fucceed a yreat rtumber of finall, black, cornered Seeds, not difcernible
to the EYye, {ticking to a middle Pillar, covered with long Skins or mém-
branes, lying under each Leaf.

It grew among the loofe Sand juft by the Town of Old Harbour.

Cuap. VI.
of Herbs that are leguminons, or have 4 papylionaceous Flower.

4HIS Tribe of Plants is very nunterous in Famdiea, and of
preat ufe co the Inhabitants, who feed ntuch on the Kinds of
Beans, Peafe, or Phafeoli hereafter mentioned, ©

They are tobe divided into two Kinds, fach as live fevetal
a years, which I calf Perennes, arid thofe whith are fown every
Seafon after Rain, rifeand grow ro their dace maturity it very few moriths,
if not weeks. "Tis ott thefe, many of which are Rec#i, or gtow erect Wili-
out climbing, that}the Slaves are fed.

There are not wanting of this Kind fach as are very large, bédtiiful,
laGtefcent, cc. and other Kinds very differing from thoféof ss ee

There js ufe made riot only of the Seeds, bur alfo’ ‘of the Leaves and
Stalks of thefe Kind of Phafeoli for Provender for Cattle.

tt

I. Phafeolus maximus perennis, femine compre(fo, lato, nigris maculis notato.
Cat.p. 66. Tab. 111. Fig. t. Autre forte des feves de Biet. p- 335- Phaféolus
Barbadenfis fruticofus feptennii durationis. Plukenet. Almag. p: 291. An pois
gros oy plats blancs de Bouton. p. 54? The grear Beat. ieee |

This has a Stalk at coming out of the Earth as big as ories fittle Finger,
angular, covered with a grayith Bark, turning and Ret its felf about
any Perch, and rifing to abour feven or ‘eight Foot high, tlten falling,
the Branches inviegle one another. At about two Inches diftance, they
fend out Leaves, three always flanding ere on thé ‘fame common,
Inch long Foot-Stalk, each of them being almeft round, of héar afi Inch
Diameter, ftanding on very fhort Foot-Stalks; that in the mitiddte, or op-
pofite to the Foot-Stalk, sane a Petiolus balf an Inch longer than the
others at Bate. The Flowers ftand feveral together, on an cightli pare of
an Inch long Foot-Stalk, beitg’ fimalt papylionaccous, re a contorted
Stylus, and fome Leaves or vtala, of a white and porplifh: cofour, with
fome green After thefe follows a Pod at firft green, then of a Clay or

Afh colour without, and white within, crooked, more than two Inches
| long,

176... fhe Natural Hiffory of | Jamaica,

long, and an Inch broad in the middle, where broadeft, containing one o
more flat, or comprefsd, broad Seeds or Beans, at firft purple with VE
{pots, then of the figureof aKidney. They are black in the Circumference
and white towards the Center or Ai/lus, where they adhered to the Pod,
and one Inch long, and three quarters broad in the middle where Dae
rowett. o

They are planted in moft Gardens, and Provifion Plantations.
they laft for many years, bringing every Seafon a great many Beans,

They are eaten when green, and are fit for the Table in December. The
are very good, as any of the Legumina, efpecially when the outward Skin
is taken off.

They mutt have Poles or Perches to climb up, and fuftain themfelves by
they being otherwife too weak in their Stalks to {upport themfelyes, se
Fruit. ‘

It was firft brought from <4frica. C. B.

where

or bring
o

Il. Phafeolus perennis anguftifolius flore luteo, femine late, compreffo, minore,
rubro, maculis nigris notato. Cat. p.67. Tab. 111. Fiz.2. An pois rros os
plats rouges de Bouton. p.51 > Phafeolus Americanus longiffimis & anguftis foliis.
Plukenet. Almag. p.291 2? The {mall red {potted Bean.

This Phafeolus has feveral angular green Stalks, by which it mounts about
any Perches, or runs along the Hedges, at every three Inches diftance, puts
ting forth Leaves and Flowers, the firft ftand on two Inch long Foot-Stalks
always three together. They are an Inch an half long, and three quarters
of an Inch broad at their round Bafe, where broadeft, from thence de.
creafing, and ending in a Point, the odd one being three quarters of an
Inch beyond thofe at Bafe. Ex alis foliorum, comes an Inch long Spike of
Flowers, fet round after one another. They are very fmall, papylionaccous
and yellow. After them follow Pods an Inch and an half long, almoft
{traight, with a fharp end, brown on the outfide, white within, and con-
taining two, or more red, flat Peafe or Beans, fomething of the fhape of
a Kidney, fcarlet coloured, with black Specks here and there on their
furface.

They are planted as other of the Perennial Phafeoli, and give Fruit every
year about the beginning of February, yielding a very great increafe.

They are very good to be eaten any way, asany of the other Phafeoli.

Ill. Phafeolus peregrinus octavus feu angu(tifolius alter, fructu ex albo c nigro
vario. C. B. Cat, p. 67. ,
This is likewife planted amongft the other Peale in Famaica,

IV. Phafeolus major perennis, floribus [picatis, filiqua breviori rotundiore, {c=
mine albo {pharico. Cat. p. 67. Tab. 112. Fig. 1, 2, 3. Phafcolus tumidus mi-
nimus niveus filiquabrevi Virginianus Raii, hiff. p.885. An phafcolas hortenfis
fracto albo, minore, oviformis, venereus dittus. Hofm. Cat. Aldt? Jamaica
Peafe.

Thefe are much the fame with the former, only the Leaves are larger,
and more pointed, ftanding on longer Foor-Stalks. The Flowers are more
in number, ftanding Spike fafhion, with an Eye of yellow in them, and
the Pod is an Inch and an haif long, and fcarce half an Inch broad, contains
ing three or four white, roundifh Seed faftned by their middle to the Pod.
They are not much bigger than our {mall Field Pea.

They are planted, and continue as the former.

V554 hae

— 9

Tie Natural Hijlory f Yamaica. 177

V. Phafeolus maximus perennis, floribns fpicatis, albis, {peciofts filiquis brevibus,
latis, ferscn album hilo aitido fre tircumdante. Cat. p. 67. Yab.113. Fig.n, 2,2.
Phafeolus Famaiceafis G& Bartadeafis Aigyptiaco fimilis, femine ex toto ebaruci ni-
roris. Pluken. Almag. p. 29%. Boaavift of Ligon. p. 22.

This Phafcoles has a very {lrong, round Stem at irs Root, which fends out
a great many round, green, firiated, jong Branches, climbing, and cover-
ing any Trees, Hedges, or low Houles they come near, fending out here
and there Leaves and Flowers, which have a liecle knob at their F oot-Staiks,
parting from the main Stem. The Leaves are always three, fet on a long
Foot-Stalk, large, woolly, and in every thing like the others of this Kind.
The Flowers come outon cach fide of a Foot long Spike. They are white,
papylionaceous, and make a very comely fhow on Hedges or Houfes. After
each of thefe follows a Pod two Inches long, and half an Inch broad, a
little crooked, clay coloured, membranaceous, and containing four or five
white, roundifh, comprefs’d Peafe, haying a long white A7i/ns or Eye, almoft
furrounding the whole Bean. ;

They are planted here for Food as well as Ornament. They make a
pretty appearance in Planters Gardens. |

One Root will laft a long time, and yield many Difhes of Peafe, which,
when eaten green, are not unpleafant. :

-Thefe Beans rofted, as Coffee, aiid thé Powder mixed with Rum-Puach,
as Nutmeg-Powder ufes to be, will intoxicate the Drinkers of it for fome
time. wei

VIL Phafcolus maximus perennis, flovitus fpicatis albis (peciofis, filiqués brevi-
bus latis, femen ruffam hilo albido fere circumdante. Cat. p. 68. Tab. 113. Figg.
Lablab femine fubrubro, Alp. p.74. Vefling. p. 24. Leplap-alterum mfum. Cluf.
vars pl. biff. lib. 6. p.227. Phafeolas ABgyptiacus five tablab {ecundum femine
zufo: C.B.. pine p. 340. Phafeclas Lablad fpadicens hilo longo albo. J.B, tow. 2.
p. 271- Red Bona Vift. bas, erud :

This Phufeolus feems not to differ ftom onciI had froma Bale of Coffee,
came from Arabia or Egypt, and therefore 1 take it to be the fame with the
Lablab, and am very apt'to believe this, with reddifh Beans, and the black
to be only varieties of the fame Plant. Profper Alpiaus deferibing this to have
a long Pod, gave me adoubt about it, but fince feeing one among Coffee,
and the Pod by Clu/ias to agree With this; I think ic the fame with the above
defcribed of the Weft-Indies. :

This is much the fame wich the foregoing, only fmallerin every part, and
the Beans or Peafe are not white but red. |

They are fometimes planted, though not fo generally lik’d as the white
Kind, becaufe of their greater flatulency. nud :

The eyptians ule them for Food, and they are mot lefs pleafant than
our Beans to the tat. Women ufe their: Decodtion with Saffron, ad excitan-
dos menfes. vis likewife-helpful for:the-Cough, difficulty of breathing, “and
to grovoke fupprefs'd Urim © Alpsca 00% 983 ae tarp de -

MIL Phafeolus maximns,: filiqua enfiforms nerois inficnita, & femine albo, mem-
branwlh. inelufo, Cat. p. 68. Tab, wxq. Fig. 15:2, °5. Phafeotus Indicus filiqua
magna falchta; quaternis in darfo aervis; Cwm eminentiis plurimis verracefis, feo
cundim leveitudinem iafignita, fratiuoamplo niwer,- hilo crotto. Plaken. Alm.

p.%9z. -. Horfe: Beans: | | |
This fends out on every fide of its Root, for fome Feets diftance, fe-
veral Stalks; ‘which are firorig, and climbing about any thing they come near,
at every Inches diftancefénding forch Leavesand Flowers. The Leaves are
LZ , always

178 Lhe Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

always three together, ftanding on the fame two Inches long Foot-Stalk, which
at parting from the Stem, hasa {welling, each Leaf is larger, of a darker
green colour than the other Phafcoli, {mooth, having the Ribs appearing as
thofe of the Zrifolium paludofum. The Flowers ftand {everal together on the
fame two Inches long Foot-Stalk. They are clofe papylionaceous, and of a bluifh
purple colour, after which follows a Foot and an half long Pod : {trong, of a
clay colour, a little crooked, or fhap’d like a Scymiter, being an Inch broad,
not altogether comprefs'd, but a little roundith, having on each Valve, with.
in an eighth part of an Inch of their back Seam, where they are united, two
{mall ridges or eminences running the whole length of the Pod. The Seeds
are perfectly white, the largeft of this Kind, being of a Kidnies fhape, or
fomething Oval at its narrowett or middle part, having a black Ailys or {peck,
and each Seed is lodged in adiftinét, very thin, white Membrane or Bladder,
and five or fix of thefe are contained in the {ame Pod.

I found this Bean firft growing fponre at the upper end of the Town of
St. Fago de laVega, and afterwards in feveral Planters Gardens.

They are caten as other Phafeoli by fome, and counted good Food, though
their greateft ufe is to fatten Hogs.

Nothing but the colour is different in Clufus his Defcription of this Lobe
or Seed, which may be from the age or durtinefs of the Plant.

VIM. Phafeolus maximus perennis, folio decompofito, lobo maximo contorto.
Cat.p. 68. Phafcolus utrinf{que Indie arborcus, alatis foliis, frutty MANO Core
diformi, lobis longiffimis, nodofis, plerumaue intortis Pluken. Alm, 7-295. |

This is very well defcribed and figured in the Hortus Malabaricus.

They grow in thé inland Woods of this Ifland, creeping up the Trees,
and covering their tops for many Acres, as in the Thickets beyond Mount
Diallo, going to St. Anns, onthe Moneque Savanna, and inthe Hills between
Gwanatoa, and Mountain River Plantations:

The Beans are pick’d up, and the mealy part being taken out at the hilus,
they are tipt with Silver, and made into Snuf-Boxes.

The Beans Purge and' Vomit, and are therefore Merchandife. H7. Mf

This. fort of Beah is one of thofe found thrown up on the Shores in the
North-Weft parts of Scotland, concerning which fee the Philofophical Tran+
factions. Numb. 222. p. 398. }

IX. Phafeolus Brafilianus frutefcens, lobis villofie, puncentibus, maximus. Herm.
Par. Bat. pr. Cat. p. 68+ Phafeolus brafilianus foliis molli lanugine obfitis, fructe
magno. G. B. Maf. Sxammard.p. 512. An Lobus Cartilaginens: exinfula. S. Mau-
rittis. Clif. Braftl. Befler. fafc> Worle-Eye-Bean. © + on

This has: round, green-Stalks, about the bignefS of a Goofe-Quill, by
which it winds and turns its {elf round any Hedge or Tree it comes
near. At about four Inches diftance, ir {ends outLeaves, flanding on two
Inches long, green Foot-Stalks, three always together. The Foot-Stalk has
a yellowifh, and rough protuberance:at-coming-out of the Stalk, as have
the Leaves at parting from the Foot-Stalks, The Leaves are all equal to
one another, that oppofite to the Foot-Stalk, or in the middle, having a
Petiolus three quarters of ‘an Inch-long Each of the Leaves is three Inches

. long, and half as broad, on the upper furface fmooth and green, on the un-
der hoary and white, having fome fibers from the Center of the Foot-Stalk;
and others from the middle Rib, running through the Leaf’ Ex alis foliorum
hang down the Flowers by three Inch long Foot-Stalks, being eight or nine
together, umbell-fafhion, -faftned to the end of the Foot-Stalk by a quarter
of an Inch long Petioli.. ‘They confift firft of a hoary, yellowith green Cap=
fula, divided into four parts, within which is another yellowifh and ail

capfular

s.

~.

capfular Leaf. Within thefe is an Inchlongtubulous, papylionaceous, yellow
Flower, with Stamina, and a Stylus. After thefe follow feveral Pods three
Inches long, and half as broad, flat, having both Valves, at the opening,
two waved eminent Lines, and all along their furface the fame fhorter waved
eminences, very thick fet with very tharp and {mall Prickles, both on the
eminences and furrows. They are firft of a green, and then when ripe of a
blackifh colour, and contain feveral round Beans, of about an Inch Diame-
ter, flat, of a light brown colour, with a black ledge or bilus almoft round
them, looking fomething like a Horfes Eye, whencethename. _

They are eaten by the Caribes, and the juice of the Leaves is ufed by
them for Dying Cotton Hamacs, of a black colour. Plum,

They grew on a Lime-Hedge, near Colonel Copes at Guanaboa, betweert
his Houfe, and the Mountains, and going down to the Ferry by the Rivers
fide over againft Atkzvs’s Plantation. |

Snuff-Boxes are madeof them. Tertre.

Thefe Beans are very often to be gathered on the Sea Shore, caft up by
the Waves, being dropt into fome Rivers, or the Sea its felf, whence they
are again thrown up. |

They are troublefome to Travellers, flinging them as they ride. Po fays
they raife Puftles, and that he was not cured in eight days with Anodines
and Coolers, they having hurt his Face and Hands in travelling. ©

They are thrown by the Currents of the Sea on the Norch-Weft parts of
Scotland, concerning which the Philofophical TranfaCtions before mentioned.

lufins {aw them tent from Barbary. |

Three of thefe Beans eaten caufe death. The vertue of this Plant is in
the Gout. The Leaves kcep Women with Child from the Vertigo, for boil’d
in Rice-water they dry fuperfluous humors. Its Bark, with dry Ginger,
and thé Fruit Caringola, beaten, and boil'd in the Oil call’d Fofule de enfermo
> Bepu, gives an Oil, which anointed on the Spinal Marrow, quiets Rheums
and hurtful Catarhs. ‘The Kernel, throwing away the inward Cuticle,
boil’d with Milk and frefh Butter, is mixt to an Ointments Confiftence
againft Pimples coming in Womens pudenda, Withthe Herb call'd Felis oculus,
boil'd in Rice-wafhings and Butteremilk, itis a good Ointment in the Gour,
and the fame does.the Rioor,: with the-Root of Carimbola, and Capiram, and
the Leaves of Munia in.form,-of Liniment, or if with the Bark of Zamarind,
and dry Ginger, lit be, powdered and-put,into Whey, and then with the Oil
Bepu it be boild and. madeinto a Liniment... A. (7.

They are ufed to be made into Buttons for Coats, fometimes tipt with
Silver, fometimes not tipt. hk ae os :

X. Phafcolus maritimus rotundifelins, flore purpurea, filiqua-brevi criftata, [eq
mine fufco firiate. Cat. p.69«, Phafeolus Brafilicuside Bry.. florileg. The Sea-
Bean. ott STN :

“This has a-deep, white, ‘round. Root, fending out on every hand feveral
very, long, {mall, white Filaments, running through the Joofe fandy Soil
in which they grow to feek Nourifhment to the Plant. The Stalks are many,
lying on the {urface of the ground for many Yards round, being about the bi g-
nefS of a Swans-Quill, green, and a little cornered, putting forth at every
three or four. Inches Leaves alternatively, three always ftanding together
ona‘common two Inches long Foot-Stalk, protuberant at its coming from the
Stalk. The Leaves are almoft round, that oppofite to the Foot-Sralk, or in
the middle, is the largeft, ftanding an Inch beyond the other two at Bafe.
Ic is two Inches long, and onc andan half broadin the middle where broadeft,
having one middle Rib, and fome tranfverle ones being of a Grafs green co-
colour, and fmooth. The Flowers ftand on an Inch long Foot-Stalk, are

repr"

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 1709

a ee eves eee <n ccentidemaenepeanee tae oe

eee

180 The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

papylionaceous, and of a pale purple colour The Pod is two Inches long,
and three quarters of an Inch broad, {traight, of a clay colour, fwell’d our,
or the Peafe appearing in it before it be opened, having two crefts, rais'd
Ledges, or eminent Lines, one on cach Valve, near the opening of it. The
Peafe are about fix in number, cach lying in a different Membrane, of
the bignefs of anordinary Bean. They are Oyal, brown, with clay coloured
Spots on them, having a black Eye or Aijlus, by which they are fattened
to the Pod.

It grows on the Cayos near Port-Royal, and in all the Carides by the fandy
Sea Shores very plentifully.

They are dangerous to eat, therefore not gathered. Zertre.

Smith in his Hiftory of the Summer Ifles, \has a paflage which I am apt
to think relates to thefe Beans. The paflagé is this, p. 107. A kind of
Woodbind, there is likewife by the Sea, very commonly to be found, which
runs upon Trees, twining its felf like a Vine. The Fruit fomewhat re-
tembles a Bean, but fomewhar flatter, the which, any way eaten, worketh
excellently in the nature of a Purge, and though very vehemently, yet
Without all peril.

This Plant is very well figured by Ferrarins.

NI. Lobus oblongns arematicus. Cluf. exot. Cat. p. 70. Vanillias piperis ar=
bori Famaiccnfis innafcens. Plukenet, Alm. p. 38x. Phyt. Tab. 320. Fig.4. Vo-
lubilis filiguofa Mexicana foliis plantaginets. Raii hift. p. 1330. Siliqua
Thilxochitl Worm. Muf. Swammerd. p-16. Vinelloes of Damspicr. cap. 3 & 8.
Volubilis Americana eapreolata; plantagineis foliis, fibiquis longis mofchum olen-
tibus Bobart. hift. Ox. part. 3. p. 613. Lathyrus Mexicanus filiquis longilfimis
antinofis Mcfchatis nigris. Amman, char.p. 436.

It is faid by feveral that they grow in this Ifland about Agua Alta, and
that before the felling of Timber, and clearing ground, they were common
in the thady bottoms of the inland parts of this Ifland.

They move Urin and the Menfes. Comfort the Brain, Expel Wind, and
Concoct crude humors. Pf.

It is mixed with Chocolate.

It grows about Bocatoro Guatulco ¢ Campeche. It has a yellow Flower.
It grows about the Trees, is yellow when Ripe, and laid in the Sun turns
foft, and to a Chefnut colour, then they prefs it between their Fingers, and
make at flat. The Spaniards fleck it with Oil. Dampier.

XII. Phafeolus glycyrrhizites, folio alato pifo coccineoatra macala notato. Cat.
p70. Tab. tits Figewss, GS |
This, by its Scalk, winds‘its felf round any Shrub it comes near, rifing by
its help feven or ten Foot high. The Stalks are of the bignefs of a Goofe-
Quill, round, woody, fmooth, fhining, having here and there alternatively
Branches and Leaves. ‘The Branches are about fix Inches long, and at each
nehes interval are winged Leaves, about four Inches long, befet by equal num-
bers of Pinne, oppofite to one another, each of them being three quarters of
an Inch long, and one quarter of an Inch broad, of a yellowith green colour,
about eight or fine pair, growing on the fame middie Rib: Atthe end of
the Branch fland the Flowers very clofe in a Spike together, being in all
two Inches long. “Eaeh‘of them is pale purple, and papylionaccous. After
then follow as°many fhort, broad, greenifh brown Pods, broad at bottom,
and {harp towards their ends, each containing three or four cxa@ly round,
fearlet Peafe, ‘haying a black fpet on that part where they flick to the

‘GEG Ie

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. I

It grows in the Vallies or Low Lands, towards the Sea fide in great
plenty, flowering after the great Rains.

The whole Plant is fweetifh to the taft, and therefore cail’d wild Li-
quorifh. |

It is commended for a Remedy againft the Belly-ach, if the Leaves be
boil'd in Broth, and the Decodtion given to the Sick.

Clufius was told, that thefe Peafe firing’d and wore as Bracelets, were
ufed as Piony Roots againft the Falling-Sicknefs ; but he belicved they,’
were wore only as an Ornament, and Iam of the fame mind, they being us’d
for that purpofe to this day. tort b
_ Cluftus fays, that they remain fometimes three years in, the grovnd after
planting, before they rife, which he afcribes to their hardnefs. rote
_ The £eyptians feed on them, being boil’d, but they are of all-other Beans.
the hardeft, and of worfe Digeftion, wherefore they are very troublefome.
to the Stomach, begetting much Wind. They are very hurtful. to Hypo-
chondriack People, very hardly to be digefted, and beget bad Nourifhment.
Alp. They were brought from Arabia Felix into Egypt, and there Sown, and
usd more for Girls Ornament than Food. Vefling. 5 ge Blais a
_ Beft in his Defcription of the third Voyage of Frobifher.to: meta incognita,
{ituated in above fixty degrees of North Latitude,.fays, that they found’ in
the Tents of thofe people a Guinea-Bean of red colour, the which doth
ufually grow in hor Countries, thereby conjedturing they ‘travelled into far
diftant Countries, or, traded with people from thence.

They are commended by fome (£ fuppofe in Necklaces, vid. Cluf.) in
teething Fevers, and Spafms of Children. Cam. | . |

They are ufed for weights, Znd.or. par. 6. p35.

The Leaves with Calamus aromaticus, -boil’d with Oil, help Pains from fliarp
Humors. Their Powder by Infolation, mixt with Sugar, ftays a fharp Cough.
The Juice exprefs'd, puts away Pains and Cold, and difcuflesthick-and tough:
FHumors, cx. - oo} dadFenbuise ioreniae deal 9499
_ They are\not eaten, but ufed as Weights -in Madagafear and China:
Grew. ! | , isd Wobiar 4:

Thefe Beans are frequently gathered on the Shores of the North-Weft
parts, and Iflands of Scotland, with other Seeds. which ate. before, and
will hereafter be mentioned. base dy ne vag anied
_ Upon being fometimes wetted, thefe Peafe will turn of a black colour,
whence I conjecture the two forts mentioned by Dr. Plukenet in his Aln.
P-294- and Mantiffa, p.150. may bethe fame. :

XIE Phafeolus fylvaticus flore patulo, dilute purpureo, filiqua tenni nigra, [e-
mine minore maculato. Cat. p. 71. Phafeolo afinis folio terebinthi duritie; Braft-
liana flore purpureo maximo. Pluk. Alm. p. 291. OT |

This, by its tender Stalks, winds its {elf round any Plant it comes near.
The Leaves are very thin, of a frefh green colour, and. are.always thrée,
{landing on an Inch long Foot-Stalk, each of. which is about -an-Inch longs
and three [nches broad, near the round Bafe where broadeft, and. whence
they end in a point which is blunt, being thin and fmooth, and. of a yel-
lowith green colour. The Flowers ftand on a long Foot Stalk, are papilio-
naccous, very open, of a pale blue colour, with fome purple Streaks, ‘after
which follows a {mall three Inches long, thin, black Pod, containing feyeral
oblong Peafé, {peckled with black {pots. “The Pods haye two eminent railed
Lines on their outfides. \s

There is a variety in the largenefs of this Plant.

Aad Dr. Plykenes

182 The Natural Eiftory of Jamaica.

a

Dr. Plukenet in his Mantiffa, p.84. fays that I, more folite, confound the
fynonimous names of Plants. I am fure he has done fo in this. Vid. Ahn.
p.157. and 291. | 3 O) sad ao ES Biome

It grows above Mr. Batchelor’s Houfe among the Honey-Comb-Rocks, and
in Barbados very plentifully. / ri iy

XIV. Phafeolus fylveftris minor, flore minimo, filiquis longis, teretitus, alba
lanugine hirfutis. Cat.p.71. -

This has feveral hairy fmall Stems, by which it turns it felf round any
thing it comes near, and mounts to four or five Foot high, at every Inch and
and an halfs diftance, putting forth Leaves. They are always three roge-
ther, on an Inch long Foot-Stalk, the odd one being two Inches long, and
three quarters of an Inch in breadth, hairy, of a yellowifh green colour, and
plac’d one third of an Inch beyond the two Leaves at Bafe, which are every
way fimaller. Oppofite to this Leaf comes the Flower, being of a pale’
green colour, and fcarce difcernable befides the Hair. After this comes‘a
{mall Pod, green and hairy, two Inches long, of a dark brown colour, with
a white Wooll on it, containing feveral oblong, round yellowifh Peafe,
{ticking to the Pod by a white Eye in the middle.

They grow very plentifully in the open Grounds on the Hedges in’
Guanaboa. _ —

Concerning its Vertues. vid. 77. M1; Part. 8. p.68. Where amongft others
tis {aid to be good, being mixd with. Cows-Milk, cither outwardly asa
Liniment, or inwardly as a Potion, againft the bitings of Scorpions or Rats,
and againft the {wellings of: the Zefes, Sota ea ea era

XV. Phafeolus minor laitefcens flore: purpireo, Cat p. 71. Fab. 11.4. Fig. 4.
This by its round, {mall,“woody,-‘Stalks, turns its {elf “round, and.
mounts about any Tree or Shrub it comes near, rifing to fix Foot High. At
every Inch or more, putting forth Leaves, three always together, flanding‘on
an half Inch Jong Foot-Stalk.‘ ‘That one of the three oppofite to the Foot-
Stalk, or inthe middle, being the largeft, is an Inch long, and three quarters
of an Inch broad in the middle where broadeft, being roundifh or oval, of
a dark green colour, fmooth, hard and nervous. ‘The Flowers come out ¢x
alis foliorwm, being many on the fame very fhort Foort-Stalks, are three quar-
ters of an Inch long, hollow, papilionaceous, and purple. After them: fol-
low.two Inches long, and one fourth part of an Inch broad Pods, round, a
little crooked, and fharp at the end---At firft they are green, then brown,
and contain feveral brown, {mall Peafe. -

All parts of this Plantare milky.

It grew on the Red Hills, on each fide of the Road, among the Bufhes
going to Granaboa, and other places very plentifully.

XVI. Phafeolus minimus, fotidus, floribus fpicatis ¢ viridi luteis femine ma-
culato. Cat.p. 71. Tab. 115. Fig. 1. An Phafeolus° Americanuus, fructu mini-
mo, Variegato. Plum, Tournef. Inf. p. 4V5 ?

This has round, {mall and ‘tender Stalks, rifing by, and twifling its (if
round any thing it comes near, “till ix be fix or feven Foot high, having here
and’ there along the Stalks, Leaves and Flowers. The Leaves are always .
three, of a yellowifh green colour, ftanding on the fame common half Inch
long Foot-Stalk,; round, and about the bignefS of thofe of the Zrifolium
pratenfe album. \ts Flowers are many, ftanding on an half Inch long Foor-
Stalk, Spike fafhion, are very*{mall, fcarce opening themf{elves, papilioria-
ceous, and of a greenifh yellow colour. After thefefollow as many quarter

! of

‘The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 183

of anInch long, black, rough Pods, containing one or more, fimall, oblong,
blackith, green, fpeckled Peatfe. ols
The whole Plant has an unfavoury rank fimell- ! io)
It grows in rocky places, where the Woodsarecleaz’d, near Mr. Batchelor’s
Houfe, and in feveral fandy placesof the Lown Savanna. - 18150

XVII. Phafeolus erettus lathyroides; flere amplo, coccineo. Cat.p.71. Tab. 116.
Figet. : aames 2HIG"

This hasan oblong, large, white Root, going-a Foot..deep into the
ground, from the top of ‘which grow -feveral trailing Branches, round and
green, fet pretty thick with Leaves. three always together, onan half Iach
Jong Foot-Stalks. Each of them isan Inch-long, and not over the ciwelfth
part of an Inch broad} fmooth, of a blewifh green colour. The Leaf op-
pofite to the Foot-Stalk, -is “longer, and-{tands on the top of the Foot-Stralk
by an eighth part of anInch Petiolvs: The Flowers ftand feverally on two
Inches long, round, green, naked Foot-Stalks.. ‘They are papilionaceous, of a
fcarlet colour, the two biggeft oppofite Petala, being very large, to which
follows a flender, brown Pod, containing feveral Peafe. .

_ Jt grows\in theclaiy parts of the \Savannas. f

XVIII. Phafeolus exectus:-major,. filiqua: tereti; femine rubro.:Cat. p. 71. Tad.
11.5. Fig.2;.3+' An Phafeolus Americanushortenft afinis fructw minore rubro,
Callavance Famaicenfibus dittus. - Plaken Almag.p. 28g 2 Famaica Red-Peate.

This Phafeolus has a. fmall-Root, and ftrong green Stem, which, at about
three Inches from the ground, fhoots out feveral trailing Branches, at unequal
diftances fending forth Flowers and Leaves, of the latter there are always
three, like the other Phafeoli, ftanding-on a four Inches long. Foot-Stalk.
The Flowers are two, on an Inch and an half long, {trong Foot-Stalk,’ one
againft-another,- papylionaceous, and ofa pale-purple colour.. After thefe
follow two Pods of a reddifh purple, colour, having a {welling over every

It is plantedas the former, and counted very good Provifion.

XIX. Phafeolus major-ercétus, caule parpurafcente, filiqua terctiventriosa longa.
Cat. p. 72. | | :

This has a cornered, fomewhat: purple Stalk; flender, eight or nine Foor
long, at every three or four Inches diftance fending out Leaves, three be-
ing always on the fame two Inches long Foot-Stalk, like in every thing to
thofe of the other Phafeoli. Ex alis foliorum comes atwo Inches long Foot-
Stalk, and on it feveral pale papylionaceous Flowers, and after them follows
a round, whitifh Pod, ventriofe, as big as ones little Finger, almoft ftraighit,
four or fix Inches long, containing about fifteen cornered, reddifh brown
coloured Peafe, juft like an Zaglifh Rouncival, haying in their Pods a thin
membrane between every Pea. See Sere tee

They are planted as frequently, and fer for the fame purpofés ‘as other the
~— Phafeoli of this Kind. Poles Youiiaie

XX. Phafeolus erectus minor, filiqua tercti venitriosa, pallide flavefcente, femine
albo. Cat. p. 72. Clay coloured Peafe, or fix Wecks Peafe. :

From a fmall Root, with many fibers, rifesa Stem, fometimes purple,
having feveral Branches on every hand, about a Foagt and an half high,
and here and there, without any order, Leaves and Flowers, ex corum
alis, both ftanding on an Inch long. Foot-Stalks. ‘The Leaves are always
three, woolly, almoft round, two Inches long, and one and an-half broad,

made like the other Phafeolz, The Flowers are papylionaccous, of a pale
blue,

; j 84 | The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

blue, purple colour, or fometimes whitilh. The fucceeding Pods are about
three Inches long, clay coloured, round, only {well’d more or lefs according
to the number of Peas, every one having a {welling over it, and inclofing
a great many white Peas, oblong, roundifh, and fhap’d like a Kidney, as
other the Phafeoli.

There is a variety in this Pea, fome being larger than others.

They are planted here in clear’d grounds after a fmall Rain or Seafon,
They howe, or make {uperficial holes in the Earth three Foot diftance one
from another, and therein put three Peafe, covering them, with the Mould
one whereof they think will {pring , the other two are fuppofed to be
eaten with Rats, Mice,cc. In fix weeks time they are ready to be gathered,
If not gathered when Ripe, the firft Shower of Rain fhakes them, and they
are loft, which fhows the contrivance of Nature to perpetuate the Planc,
Rain fhaking the ripe Seed at a time when proper to grow. ©...

They are reckon d very good Frovifion for Negroes, white Servants, or to
fatten Hogs withal, and yery much planted for thofe ules.

XXI. Phafeolus erectus minor, femine [pherico albido, hilo nigro.’ Cat. p. 72.
Tab.117. Fig.1,2,3. Phafeolus Indicus frudtu ftriato, albo minore nigra macula
infignito. Plukenet. Alimag. p. 290. An phafeolus Barbadenfts erectior filiqua
anguftiffima tinctorius. Herm. par. Bat. p.t1 2? Calavantes. > 0% 0 .

This fort of Phafeolus has a Stalk, putting forth feveral Branches,. rifing
about a Foot high, along which come out Leaves three together, on.a:three
or four. Inches. long Foot-Stalk. That Leaf which is odd, or oppofite to
the Foot-Stalk}-is.anInc¢h and an half broad at Bafe, and-two. Inches and
an half long, placd three: quarters. of an Inch further. than thofe at. Bafe,.
which are {maller, they are very foft, of a yellowifh, green.colour, ‘and have
their Ribs from the ends of their Foot-Stalks. The.Flowers are white, pa-
pilionaceous, and ftand on nine Inches long, firong Foot-Stalks, coming out
ex alis foliorum. After them follow three or four Inches long Pods, almoft
round, clay coloured, and almoft ftraight, containing very many almoft
round, white Peafe, fomething refembling a Kidney, witha black Eye, - not
fo big as the {malleft Field Pea.

fae are planted, and perifh every Seafon, as fome of the other
Vhafeolz.

They are accounted the {weeteft, and beft for Food of any of them.’

XXII. Arachidna Indie utriu{que tetraphylla. Par. Bat. pr. Cat. p. 72. | Man-
dobi fructus pifonis Muf. Swammerd. p..15.. Aa Terfez. Ogilb. Africa, p. 222

} found this. planted, from Guinea Seed, by Mr. Harrifon, in his Garden
in Liguanee. ynig | i

The Fruit, which are call by Seamen Earth-Nuts, are brought from
Guineain the Negroes Ships, to feed the Negroes withal in theic Voyage from
Guinea to Famaica. |

They are windy and Venereal. Pi/o.

If eaten muchthey caufe the Head-ach. Marcgr.

An Oilis drawn out of them by Expreffion, as good as that of Almonds.

If they are béaten and made into a PoultefS, they take away the pain of
Serpents bites. Dy Tertre.

This is the Nut Clufivs {peaks of, wherewith the Portaguefe Victual their
Slaves to be carried from St. Zhome to Liibon. eri

_ XXII Eedyfarum triphyllum fruticofum, flore purpureo, filiqua varie diftorta.
Cat. p. 73. Tab. 116. Fig: 9.

This

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. 185

>

This rifes by a woody, brown coloured Stem, having feveral green, rough
Branches, to four Foot high. The Leaves come out on every fide, without
any order, having two Appendices at parting from the Stalk fomething
like a Jotws, three always together on the fame Inch and an half long Foot-
Stalk, the upper one being longer, and having an Inch long Foot-Staik pro-
per to its felf, or being plac’d an ‘nch further chan the two under ones, which
are rounder, and oppofite to one another. ‘hey are all thin, {mooth a-
bove, of a dark green colour, and rough underneath. The tops are long
Spikes of Flowers thinly plac’d on an haif {Inch long Foot-Stalk, papilio-
naceous, of a pale purple colour. After thefe follow feveral Pods, ilender,
rough, jointed, and varioufly turn’d and diftorted.

It grows in a Gully towards the Angels beyond the Town of St. Fazo
de la Vega, and in the Paths among the Sugar-Canes in feveral places of
this Ifland.

XXIV. FLedyfarum triphyllum fruticofum minus. Cat. p. 73. Tab. 118.
Fig t.

“This had a very {trong Root and Stem, from whence went feveral Branches
about three Inches long, having here and there alternatively Leaves very
like the former, three always together on the fame half an Inch long com-
mon /etiolus, each whereof were about half an Inch long, {mooth, of a
yellowifh green colour, and of an Oval fhape. Ex alis foliorum rife Foot-Stalks,
about three Inches long, fultaining fome papylionaceous Flowers, and I
gue{s Sceds in Pods, as the former, although { never {aw them, and there-
fore cannot pofitively affert that it belongs to this place.

I found itin Jamaica, but donot remember where, neither can | give amore
particular account of it,

XXV. Hedyfarum triphyllum fruticofum [upinum, fore purpureo. Cat. p. 73.
Tab.«19. Fig. 2. Onobrychis Americana floribus |picatis foliis ternis cane[cens
tibus filiculis alperis Plukenet. Alm. p.278. Phyt. Tab..308. F304:

This has a long, fimall, woody Root, fending forth feveral Foot long
Branches, lying along the ground, whofe Stalks are reddith, rough, round,
and woody, having at unequal diftances, on half an Inch long Foot-Stalks,
their Leaves, which are always three together, whereof that in the middle
isthe longeft, and all are green above, and more pale beneath. The tops
of the Branches are Spikes of purple, papylionaceous Flowers, to which
follows geniculated, crooked Pods, forming a Semicircle, of a brown co-
lour, cach joint of which is faftned to that next it, by a very {mall Ifthmus,
whereby its adhefion to it is fo eafic, that by its roughnefs {ticking to any
Garment, they leave onc another, whence the Portuzuefe Name Erva d’ Amor.
Every joint contains one pale yellow Seed.

It grows every where in the Woods, efpecially in thofe of the Savannas.

The Root is hot, and a Decodétion of it in fair water, or other Vehicle,
is onc of the beft Remedies againft a cold Flux of the Belly. The fume or
fmoak of the Leaves received with a covered Head, cures the Head-ach
Which comes from Cold and Catarrhs. Pio.

XXVI. Hedyfarum minus diphyllum, flore luteo. Cat. p. 73.

This Plant, froma fmall woody Root, puts out {everal three or four
Inches long Branches, trailing, or lying onthe furface of the ground, having ©
feveral Leaves, two always ftanding on the fame Foot-Stalk, of a yellowifh
green colour, anda little hirfure. The Flowers are yellow, and papyliona-
ccous, The Pods are a little crooked, hirfute, or rough like a half

Bbb Moon,

36 ~=—s The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

Moon. Each Sced or Pea being inclos’'d in a Semicircular joinr, every
one of whichis parted fromthe other by a {mall Neck or //thmus.

It grows very copioufly in the fandy and dry places of the Savana, near
the Town of St Jago de la Vega, after rainy Seafons.

An Apozem is made of this for cold Fevers. . A.

XXVIL Fledyfarum caule hirfuto, mimofe foliis alatis, pinnis acutis minimis
gramineis. Cat. p. 74. Tab. 118. Fig.3. An fecuridaca clypeata flore luteo lentis
folio Zeylanica. Breyn. pri. p. 462 Ve el an Minofa filiquis latis hirfutis articys
latis. Hferma. par. Bat. Cat. p 102 Am Onobrychis Brifnagarica mimofe foliis,
filiquis ad unum folximmodo latus dentatis ex alis polyceratos. Pluk. Alm. p. x70.
‘Phyt. Tab. 49. Fig. 5 >

The Branches of this Plant were about a Foot long, roundifh, filled with
afungous Pith, fer very thick on the outfides, with very large and fierce
Hairs, or {mall prickles, of a white colour, as were alfo the Twigs, whofe
ends were fet with alated Leaves, whofe Pisue were very fmall, fharp, or
pointed at the end, graffie or ftriated like grafs Leaves, and numerous.
The Flowers came out of a hairy, or echinated {mall Leaf, tanquam ex utri-
culo, being many ftanding on the ends of branched Foot-Stalks alterna-
tively, and after them follows articulated Pods, like to thofe of the prece-
dent.

I found itin the inland parts of the Ifland, but where particualrly I do not
remember.

' XXVINM. Quadrifolinm erectum flore lnteo. Cat. p. 74. Tab. 116. Fig. 3.

This rifes to about a Foot high, being erect, branched, and having Twigs
fet thick with Leaves alternatively, on a three quarters of an Inch long Foot-
Stalk, there being conftantly, as far as I could obferve, four on the fame
Foot-Stalk. Each of them are {mall, and have a {mall {nip or defe@& on
their further ends, where they are largeft, being of a yellowith green colour,
and {mooth, having one middle Rib, eminent on the backfide. Ex aljs
foliorum towards the top comes a yellow papylionaceous Flower, asin others
of this Kind.

It grew in the Savanna near Two Mile Wood, and feveral other claiy parts
of the Savaznas.

KMIX. Loto pentaphyllo filiquofo villofo fimilis, Anonis ston {pinofa, foliis cifts
inftar glutinofis Cy» odoratis. Cat. p. 74. Tab. 119. Fig. 1. An Anonis vifcofa
Spinis carens lutea major nonnibil procumbens, medio tantum folio per extremum
ferrato, pedieulis florum indivifis. Pluk. Mantiff. p.15 ?

This hes a great many wooddy Branches from the fame Root, rifing to
about two Foot high. ‘The Stalks are round, fhrubby, gray, and branch’d
out into many Twigs, which are green and hoary, having without any order
{everal Foor-Stalks half an Inch long, fuftaining three Leaves, each {maller
and longer than thofe of the trifolium hamorrhoidale, and being purple on the
edges, and having purple {pots on their backs, and a down of the {ame
colour. The Flowers are on the tops of the Twigs, feveral opening fuc-
ceflively one after another, being yellow. After thefe follows a fhining brown,
fingle Seed, with a point on one fide, and defect on the other, inclofed in a
‘Husk or Pod; which is very fhort, thin fhap’d like a Scymiter, having
feveral appearing Lines or Nerves on it, in each of which lies only one
fingle Seed.

The whole Plant is clammy, and {mells like the ordinary Ciftus’s.

It grows in claiy or gravelly parts of the Town Savanna, and elfewhere
in Jamaica,
. It

The Natural Fiflory of Jamaica.

In qualitics it agrees with thofe of this Tribe thar are in Europe. The
vertucs of the Root being heating, of fubtle parts, and fit to cleanfe the
Bladder. Pifo.

187

AXX. Anonis nen fpinofa minor, glabra, procumbens, flore luteo. Cut. pave
Tab. 149. Fiz. 2.

This has a long, deep, round, brown, tough Root, from whence {pring
many round, Foot long Stalks, hairy, branch’d into others lying round on
the furface of the Earth, being very thick fet with Leaves, three always to-
gether on the cighth part of an Inch long, or very thort, Foot-Stalk, each
being {mooth, and having many white Veins appearing on its under {urface.
Towards the top come the Flowers, they are papylionaceous, of an Orange
colour, with a little purple in their middle. Afterwards follows a very
fmall, rough, fhore Pod or Husk, inclofing one reddifh Seed or Pea.

It grew near the River-fide in a Field below the Town, and near the
watering place by the River very plentifully.

Cuare, IX.
Of Herbs whofe Flowers are compos d of two or three Petala or Leaves,

“wy HAT are chiefly remarkable in this Tribe, are fome
of the following Vifcum’s, which are a new kind of
Parafitical Plants, differing from all thofe of Evrope.
Their way of growth, Flower, and Seed, are very par-
ticular, and extraordinary, and may be taken notice of
in their Deferiptions. °

Arna overo ana Vareca di Padre Matteo, {cems to be one of thefe Vifcums
defcribed and figured by Zaz. p. 29.

J. Stellavia aquatica. Park. Cat. p.753
It grows in moft Rivers of this Ifland.

I, Planta innominata prima Marcer. p.8. Cat. p.75. Ephemerum Braftliag
num ramofum procumbens bipetalon foliis mollioribus. Herm. par. Bat. p, 145. Pha-
langium Africanum helleborines folio non defcriptum. Hort. Lugd. Bat. Raii. Hilt.
Dipetalos Brafiliana foliis Gentiane aut plantaginis. Raii Hiff. p. 1332. Ephes
merum Africanum annuum flore bipetalo Herm. Cat. p. 231.

This fore of Phalanginm is very common in all the moift places of this
Ifland, aswellas Barbados.

IN. Plantago aquatica. Fuchf. Cat. p.75. Ranunculus paluftris plantaginis fee

lio amplicre. Tournef: El.p.r4t. Inft.p.r92.
It grows near Black River Bridge, going to Old Harbour, and in feveral

other places of this Ifland.
This is thought to have the fame qualities with Land Plantain, the Seed

to be ad{tringent, and the Leaves good again{t Burns, and to be applied to
Hydropick Legs. Ger. |

The juice applied to Breafts is a great fecret in clearing them of Milk.
Roeflin. J.B.

IV. Sagitta

188 = ‘Lhe Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. oe

IV. Sazitta. Caft. Dur. Cat. p. 76. Ranunculus painftris, folio fagittato
maximo, Tournef. El.p.241. Inft. p.r92.

This Plant agrees exactly with Jobs Baubix’s Defcription, and feems to be
the {ame Plant in every thing with that of Evrope.

It grows in {landing waters.

It is counted to have the vertues of Plantain, being thought Cold,
Dry, and Ad{ftringent.

I have feen this fent from the Ea/f-Jndies, under the name of Coolerte
Yella, gathered near Fort St. George, where the Natives ufe the Root brui-
{ed to cure their fore Feet, which they often have in wet weather, going bare
Foot.

V. Plantaginis aquatice folio Anomala, flore tripetalo purpureo femine pulve
rulento, Cat. p. 79

This had feveral pretty large white Roots, two or three Inches long, which
united fend up feveral Leaves, four or five Inches long, green, fucculent, rib d
like Plantain Leaves, an Inch and three quarters broad near the middle where
broaceft. Inthe center of thefe Leaves rifes a purple jointed Stalk, a Foor
and an half high, having a Spike of purple, or Carnation Flowers three Inches
long, and at top three purple Petala, under which is a little {welling,
which augmenting turns toa duft, and fcatters with the wind out of a brown
membranaccous Husk.

It grew in the Roads to Mountain River beyond Colonel Cope’s Plantation
in Guanaboa.

VI. Vifcum Caryophylloides maximum flore tripetalo pallide luteo (emine fila
mentofo. Cat. p.76. Philofophical Tranfactions. Number 251. p.114. Wild Pine.
A great many brown fibrils encompafS the Arms, or take firm hold of the
Bark of the Trunc of the Trees where they grow, not as Mifleto, entering
the Bark or Wood to fuck Nourifhment, but only weaving and matting
themfelves among one another, and thereby making to the Plant a firm and
firong Foundation, from whence rife feveral Leaves onevery fide, after the -
manner of Leeks or Avzanas, whence the Name of Wild-Pine, or Aloes, be-
ing foulded or inclofed one within another, each of which is three Foot and.
an half long, from a three Inch breadth at beginning or Bafe, ending in a
point, having a very hollow or concave inward fide, and a round or con-
vex outward one, fo that by all of their hollow fides is made within a
very large Refervatory Ciftern or Bafon, fit to contain a pretty deal of wa-
ter, which in the rainy Seafon falls upon the uppermoft parts of the fpread-
ing Leaves, which have channels in them conveying it down to the Ciftern,
where it is kept as in a Bottle. The Leaves after they are fwell'd out like
a bulbous Root, to make the Bottle bending inwards, or coming again clofe
to the Stalk, by that means hindering the evaporation of the water by the
heat of the Sun. They are of a light green colour below, and like Lecks
above. From the midft of thefe rifes a round, fmooth, ftraight, frefh, green
coloured, three or four Foot long Stalk, having many Branches, when
_ wounded yielding a clear white mucilaginous Gum. The Flowers come
out here and there on the Branches. They are made up of three long, yel-
lowith, white, herbaceous Petala, and fome purple ended Stamina, ftanding
in a long Calyx or Twbulus, made up of three green vifcid Leaves, with
purple edges. After thefe follows along triangular Capfula, greenifh brown,
being fomewhat like thofe of the Cariophyilli, having under it three fhort cap-
fular Leaves, and within feveral long pappous Seeds. The Seed it felf be-
ing oblong-pyramidal, and very {mall, having very foft, downy _ or
own,

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

13Q

Down, or Zomentum. much longer in proportion to the Seed, then any Zo-
mentum \ know, being as long as the Pod or Capfula.

It grows onthe Arms of the Trees in the Woods every where, as alfo on
the Barks of their Truncs, efpecially when they begin to decay, their Barks,
recciving the Seed, and yielding then cafily to the fibrils of this Plant's
Roots, which in fome time difiolves them, and ruins the whole Trunc.

The contrivance of Nature, in this Vegetable is very admirable and
firange. The Sced has long, and many threads of Tomentum, not only that
it may be carried every where by the wind, as papofe and tomentofe Seeds
of Hieracium, lyfimachia, &c. but alfo that ic may by thofe threads, when
driven through the Boughs, be held faft, and ftick to the Arms and extant
parts of the Barks of Trees. So foon asit {prouts, or germinates, although
it be on the under part of a Bough, or the Trunc of the Tree, its Leaves
and Stalk rifes perpendicular, or ftraight up, becaule, if it had any other
pofition, the Ciftern (beforementioned, by which it is chiefly nourifhed, not
having any communication with the Tree) made of the hollow J.eaves,
could not hold water, which is neceflary for the Nourifhment and Life of
the Plant.

In the Mountainous, as well as dry low Woods, in fcarcity of water.
This Refervatory is neceflary and fufficient, not only for the Plant its felf,
but likewife is very ufeful to Men, Birds, and all forts of Infects, whither
in {carcity of water they come in Troops, and feldom go away without Re-
frelament. For the further account of this Plant and its Figure, as alfo con-
cerning European Plants, fomewhat analogous to it in fome particulars, Sce the
Philofophical TranfaGtions. Numb. 251.

Befides the Authors mentioned in my Catalogue of Famaica Plants, p. 76.
to take notice of this Plant, I find Aruldrich Schmidel, cap. 46. p.77+ of his
Navig. Printed 1599. 4t0. to have the following paflage, which I believe re-
lates to this Herb.

Ex noftris autem hominibus multi fiti moriebantar, licet 4d hoc iter apud iftos
Carchconos mediocri aque copia nos inftruxeramus. Invenicbamns_ autem in hoc iti
nerve, radicem fupra terram extantem, magna lataque folia habentem, in quibas aqua
tanquam in vafe aliquo manct, nec inde effunditur, nec etiam tam facile con{umitur,
capitque una harum radicum aqua circiter dimidiam men{uram.

And Capt. Dampier, in his Voyage, Vol.2d. of Campeche, p. 56. fays thus.

The Wild Pine is a Plant, fo called, becaufe it fomewhat refembles the
Buth that bears the Pine: they are commonly fupported, or grow from fome
Bunch, Knot, or Excrefcence of the Tree, where they take root and grow
upright. The Root is fhort and thick, from whence the Leaves rife up in
Folds, one within another, {preading off at the top: They are of a good
thick Subftance, and about Ten or Twelve Inches long, the outfide Leaves
are fo compact, as to contain the Rain Water as it falls, they will hold a
pintand a half, ora quart: and this Water refrefhes the Leaves, and nourifhes
the Root. When we find thefe Pines, we ftick our Knives into the Leaves,
jut above the Roots, and that lets out the Water, which we Catch in our
Hats, as I have done many times to my great Relief.

VII. Vifcum Cariophylloides maximum, capitulis in fummitate conglomeratis.

Cat.p,.77+ Tab. 120. 7
This has a great many long, dark, brown, {mall filaments, threads, or fibrils,
which rake faft hold of the Barks of Trees, to which it adheres, when all
united making an oblong Root, and fending forth round about many Leaves,
like thofe of white Lily, inclofing one another after the manner of Aloacs, each
of which is a Foot long, an Inch and an half broad, blunt or roundith.
They are at the ends of a very dark green, and fometinies purple colour.
i ee From

i

7 Qo code Natural Eiftory of Yamaica.

From the middle of thefe Leaves rifes a Stalk, abouta Foot and an half high,
on which, round about, are fet feveral Leaves, {maller than thofe at bottom,
on the top of which ftand many pale, green, broad Leaves, having a slewy
mucilage between them, and a great many reddifh Leaves, making as it
were a Calyx, and looking in all fomething like a Rofe, in which are con-
tained feveral Heads conglomerated, having Seed-Veflels, and Seed as the
former.

It grows on old great Trees in the large Woods, in Sixteen ‘Mile-Walk-
Path, and fometimes on the ground when fallen.

VIE Vifcum Caryophylloides majus, flore tripetalo cwruleo, femine Jilamentofe.
Cat Pp. 77.

This by a great many {inall fibrils, wrapt together, catches hold, and
f{urrounds the Branch of any Tree it grows on, forthree Inches round. From
thence rifes a Stem, about which grow feveral Leaves, an Inch broad at
their beginning, hollow or concave in the infide, and convex on the other,
{well’d out, or prominent below, making a cavity able to hold a pretty deal
of Rain water. The other, or upper part of the Leaf is narrow and graflie,
fomething like thofe of Pinks, about nine or ten Inches long, bow’d back-
wards, and reflected, and fo hanging down, of a whitith green colour, In
every thing like the Leaves of the Wild-Pine in their contrivance. The
Stalk is a Foot and an half high, jointed, at every Inches diftance or joint,
having a graffie Leaf, inclofing the Stalk at the joint. Near the top on each
fide, ex alis foliorum come the Flowers, which have three Petala, are blue
with a few yellow Stamina, {carce appearing out of a green hollow Leaf.
After which follow pappous Seeds, being fmall, oblong and brown, having
many long, downy filaments, hanging from them, and all being inclofed
in a firft green, then brown triangular Cap/wls, fupported by the aforefaid
Leaf.

It grows every where in the Woods on the Branches of Trees, drawing
its Nourifhment from Rain-water, falling into a Cavity made by its own
Leaves.

IX. Vifcum Caryophylloides minus, foliis pruine inffar candicantibus, flore
tripetalo purpureo femine filamentofo. Cat. p.77. Tab. 1x1. Fig. 1.

This Plant has feveral {mall fibers, warped, interwoven, or matted one
within another, and wrapped about the Arms and Branches of Trees, from
which, though fometimes it be on the under fide of the Bough, rife flraight
up feveral Leaves, the under parts whereof inclofe one another like Bulbs,
making in their inward concave fides a cavity to hold Rain, thereby to
nourifh themfelves and Stalks. The Leaves are long, narrow, graflie,
exactly of the fhape, make and contrivance with thofe of the Wild-Pine,
fomethiag like the Leaves of a Gillyflower, only all cover’d over with a
thort, white fhining Down, making the Leaves always look as if they were
cover’d with a hoar Froft. In the middle of thefe rifesa naked hoary, three
inches long Stalk, on the top of which ftands a hoary half Inch long Calyx,
on the end of which are three {mall, purple Petala, and afterwards follows a
Seed-Veflel, exa@tly the fame in every thing with that of the Wild-Pine,
only in every part {maller.

it grows every where on the Branches and Arms of Trees in this Ifland.

X. Vifcum Caryophylloides minus, foliorum imis viridibus, apicibus fubrubicun-
dis, flore tripetalo purpureo (emine filamentofo, Cat. p. 77. Tab. 122. Fig. 1»

This

earn mee eeren enter eRe SE EES

This is in every thing the fame with the former, only larger and
longer. ‘The Leaves are very like thofe of Pinks in fhape, their under parts
are green, and tops reddifh.

it is to be found on the Boughs and Trees on the Red Hills on Guanabea
Road, and near Mr. Barnes's Houfe there. |

XI. Vifcum Caryophylloides tenniffimum, e ramulis arborum mufci in modum deo

pendens, foliis pruine inftar candicantibus, flore tripetalo, femine filamentoof. Cat.
.77. Tab, 122. Fig. 2, 3.

The Stalk of this moffie Planteis about the bignefs of a thread, confifting
of a thin Skin, whitifh, as if covered with a hoar Froft, having withia
that along, tough, black Hair, like a Horfe Hair. Thefe Stalks (many of
them being ufually together) flick on any Branch fuperficially. by the mid-
dle, and fend down on each fide fome of the fame Hairs or Stems, very often
a yard long, hanging down on both fides from the Branches of the Trees
they adhere to, being curled, or turning and winding one within ano-
ther, and making the fhew of an old Man's Beard (whence the name)
or as if they were made to climb, which I never faw they did. Thefe
Stalks are branch’d, and the Branches which are two or three Inches long,
are fet with two or three Inches long, roundifh, white Leaves, covered over
as it were with a hoar Froft. ‘The Flowers come at the ends of theft
Branches, have three Petala, and a Sced, with Seed-Veflel, ce. like the
others of this Kind.

It grows on the Branches of the Ebonics, or other Trees in the Savanna's
frequently, and looks very oddly.

It is usd to pack up any thing in, which otherways may eafily be
broken, as Cotton is fometimes made ufe of with us. :

The inward ftrong black Hairs of this Moffes Stalks, are made ufe of by
the Birds called Watchipickets, for making their curioufly contriv’d Netts,
hanging on the Twigs of Trees. . :

This, by lying in the Air and Weather, or being by other means cleared
of its outward Skins, has another appearance, whence Dr. Plukenet calls it
Cufcuta Americana fuper arbores fe diffundens; Cufeuta trichodes lendiginofa, Gc.
as I have obferv’d, p. 221. of my. Catalogue.

XIE, Ananas, Chrift. Acoft, Cat. p. 77- Fan-polo-mie feu Ananas fructus.
Boym. lit.G. Thevenot.p. 21. Pine-Apples of Dampier.

This Fruit is planted and usd by way of defert, (having a very fine
flayour and raft) all over the hot Weft-Jndies, either raw, or when not yet
ripe, candied, and is accounted the moft delicious Fruit thefe places , or
the World affords, having the flavour of Rasberries, Strawberries, ec.
but they {eem to me not to be fo extremely pleafant, but too fower, fet-
ting the Teeth on edge very fpeedily. a

The Fruit ripened by the Sun is lefs efteem’d chan that ripen’d in a
Chamber. Pifo.

It is clear'd of its outward Skin when ripe, and cut into flices, and fo ca-
ten, the middle fibrous or woody part being thrown away.

It is known when ripe by the colour of the cuft of Leaves at top, which
then turn yellow, and will eafily come off with the leaft pulling.

This Tuft, as well as young Sprouts or Succors from the old ones fides,
are planted in any hot Soil, and feldom mifs to profper.

Lhe flices are foak’d in Canary to take off the fharpnefs which com-
monly otherways inflames the Throat. and then they are eaten if the Wine
in which they are foak’d be drank it inflames the Throat likewife, Pifo. But

1 never found this which Pifo {peaks of.
| It

The Natural Fiffory of Jamaica. IQ!

~~

r 92 Ihe Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

emma

It isa great Cordial to fainting {pirits, and helps a {queamifh Stomach. _ Irs
Juice and Wine is good for the {uppreffion of Urin, and Fits of the Stone, as
alfo again{t Poyfons, efpecially Caffada he fame is done by the Root
when the Fruit is wanting. The diftill’d Liquor, by Fire from the Fruit,
is yet more effectual if it be given in a fmall quantity, for if too much be
given it is hurtful tothe urinary paflages. It is fo injurious and corrodin
that it not only hurts the Tongue and Pallar, but leaves marks on the Knife
that cuts it, efpecially if the Fruit be not ripe. And then ’tis as prejudi-
cial as Cararata to Women with Child. It is hurtful to people in Fevers
to the wounded of ulcered, it is fo hot as to be very injurious to them,
therefore 1 wonder Monardes fhould reckon it cold and moitft. Chriftopher
Acofta {aying better, that ’tis hot and moift, and begets inflammations if
it be muchufed. Pi/o.

The juice is mix’d with water, and given to the fick as we pive Mead.
Marcgr. \t corrodes a Knife in anight, if it fticks in it. Yim. Aco/t.

Pifo {ays that the old Inhabitants of Brafile told him that this was firft car
ried thence to Peru, and the Eaff-Jndies, and Linfchotten, that they came to
the Eaff fromthe We/?- Indies.

The juice takes {pots out of Cloaths Pife.

It is cold and dry, it is given to thofe in Fevers to cool, and excite Ap-
petite, though aptro turn to Choler. A flice held on the Tongue quenches
thirft, and moiftens the Tongue. Hvernand.

Monardes was very much out when he defcribes this to have Seeds to be
{pit out when ’tis eaten. .

The Brafilians ufe it in their fickneffes. Thevet.

It had its name from its likene{s to a Pine-Apple, one was carried on its
Plant to Charles V. but not lik’d. It is preferv'd in New-Spain. ‘They are
beft on the Ifles Acofta.

It is crowned to fhow its excellency, and that Crown planted gives a
better Fruit than the Succors. It makes the Gums bleed. Its Wine is good,
it {poils after three Weeks, but recovers again, both it and the Fruit caufe
Abortion. Tertre. “s

It is Cordial, and Stomachic, and is good in Gravel and Poifons. The
diftill’d water is good, but care muft be had to Correct its Acrimony.
Roch. 7

The Juice with Hony makes a drink in Brafile. Morifot. |

The Leaves boil’d in Rice-water, mixt with baleasi Powder, and drank
Purges Hydropick Bellies. The unripe Fruit given with. Vinegar expels the
Child out of the Uterus, and eaten Corrects the {welling of the Belly from
Wind. Hort. Mal.

This Plant went from the Wf to the Ea/?-Jndies, where the Fruit is larger,
and Leaves narrower. Large and ripe Fruit was in Am/fferdam Garden for
five years paft. Comm. ib.

The Conferve of this Fruit does not preferve its natural tafte. Boym.

CuHap.

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 193

CHa P. X:
Of Herbs whofe Flowers are compor'd of four Petala or Leaves,

Excoium luteum, five Keiri minimum polygala facie. Cat. p. 79.
Tab. 123+ Fig. t-

This hasa great Root in refpect of the Plant, being more
than an Inch long, woody, of a white brown colour, and
firmly fix’d in the ground. From hence {pring two or three
Stalks, two or three Inches long, having feveral Leaves exactly like thofe
of Polygala vulgaris. ‘The Flowers are at top of the Brartches, yellow, and
tetrapetalous, after which follows a {mall Pod.

Ic grows in the claiy grounds inthe Town Savannas.

This does not agree with the Title of Polygala S. flos Ambervalis Viginiana
Hloribus luteis in caput oblongum congeftis Banifteri. Pluk. Alm. p. 30%: which
Plant Dr. Plukenet thinks p. 153. Mant. may be the fame with this.

Il. Sinapi foliis fubrotundis, ferratis, femine rufo. Cat. p 79. Tab. 124. Fig. 4;
Muftard.

This has a white large Root with many fibers. The Leaves at bot-
tom round the top of the Root on the furface of the ground, are al-
moft rourid at theirend. They are fix Inches long, narrow at theit begin-
ning, and growing broader towards their top, where they are round, and
three Inclies in diameter, very much ferrated, and of a yellowith green
colour. The Stalk is round, green, four or five Foot high, having tome
Leaves plac'd on it without any order, longer, fmaller, and not fo round as
thofe at bottom. ‘Tlie Stalk has towards its top feveral Branches, befét
with yellow tetrapetalous Flowers, having Stamina of the fame colour, and
in the Center a green Stylus, After which comesan Inch long Pod, fwwelled
or protuberant on the outfide over every Seed, round and containing two
rows of fimall, round, fimooth, reddifh Seeds, with 4 thin membrane be-
tween.

It gtows frequently in thé cultivated places of this Hland.

The Seeds , if prepared as out Esropeas Muftard-Sceds, make as
good a Sawce.

Ill. Naffurtium aguaticum vulgare. Park. Cat. p79.

This is very common in all not too rapid Rivers, chiefly near Springs,
from whence they are browght down, and thrive in moft Rivers of this
Ifland.

This grows much larger than ordinary on the Laguna in the Cajmanes,
whence it is in great quantities carried to Port-Royal Market; bur it feems
to be no different Kind, but only a variety, and this variety in largenefs,
in deeper waters, is taken notice of by Lobel in his Adverfaria.

It is very good againft the Scurvy or Chronical Difeafes, it is Diuretick,
and very opening, being made ufe of for many days together, in Sallads or
Broaths, efpecially the firft.

The Seed breaks the Stone, and forces. the Catamenia. Dorft.

Ie is not to be ufed by Women with Child, if the Child be nor dead.
Lon.

If Boiled in Milk or Wine, and fo ufed, it cures the Scutvy. Dod.

It is very Diuretick even outwardly applied. Cefa/p.

Ddd Lasind

194 ‘The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.
Lacuna makes two Kinds of it differing in bignefs, faying the laft Gas:
hurtful, fometimes killing. ;

lV. Sinapiftrum ALgyptium heptaphyllum, flore carne, majus [pinofum. Herm.
Cat. Plant. Jam. p.80. Papaver corniculatum acre quingucfolinm Americaaum
flore carnco majus {pinofum, Pluken. Alm. p. 280.

The Root of this Plant is deep, large, white, and firmly fix’d in the
ground, by feveral fmaller, going from the fides of the greater Root. The
Stalk is very flrong, round, hairy, green, rifing to about four or five Foot
high, {preading Branches on every fide, having on their lower parts fin-
ger’d Leaves, ftaading on long Foot-Stalks, exactly refembling thofe of
Lupins, or the Pentaphyllum filiquofum. Profp.- Alp. only each Finger is
longer, narrower, hairy, and the whole Leaf, for the moft part, feven
pointed. At the Branches, and Leaves beginnings are ufually two fhort,
green, ftrong, ftraight Prickles. The Flowers come out ott every fide of the
Branches tops. ‘They are cach made up of four long Petala, the firft part of
which is narrow, and towards the end broad, being fhap’d like a Spoon,
only not hollow, of a white colour, inclining to purple. In the middle of
thefe Petala comes a great many long, purple Stamina. The Pods are fimall,
round, and ofa pale greencolour, inclofing a great many very {mall, brown
Seeds. The whole Plant is fomewhat vifcid, and has in every part of it a
very grateful {trong {mell.

It grows every where in the Streets ef the Town of St. fugo dela Veea.

re } Li § a

, re wee" WT Sinapiftrum Indicum pentaphyllum flore carneo minus, non-[pinofum. Herm.
C BAL aseide » Cat. Plant. Fam p.80. Papaver corniculatam acre quinquefolinm AE gyptiacum

7 eS minus flore carnco non fpinofum. Pluk. Alm. p. 280. ) ft €9
This is commonly to be found near the Town of Paffage-Fort, and other «

places as wellof Jamaica, as the Caribes, and in Egypt. »

| | Boil’d in Oil it remedies cutaneous Difeafes, efpecially the Leprofie. The:
rot ed Or per Hopes.’ whole Plant beat with Juice of Raca-palam, and anointed cures Puftles.
at ’ The Juice is {nuff ’d up to hinder Poyfon from reaching the Head. The
Ue athe \perra ea cre , fame does the Plant boil’d in water and drank. The Leaves provoke Ap-
applies MC. Visessa petite, are expectorating and comforting, dif_ipate Phlegm and Wind. The
a | Root and all beat and applied in Balls under the Arms, cures or diminifhes

cold Ague Fits. The Juice with Oil helps Deafnefs dropt into the Ear.
The Leaves beaten and applied to the Head cures its aching from cold.

_ VI. Sinapiftrum Indicum triphyllum flore carneo non fpinofum. Cat.p. 80. Tab.

a Yanna: “124. Fig.1. Papaver cornicalatum acre triphyllon Indicum floribus lateis vifco-
Cleat pokes fum Ramaniffa Cochinenfibus dictum. Plukenet. Alm. p. 280. An- AriaVeela.
joe q? |e -Flort. Malad. part. 9. p. 4t. Tab. 232 Trifolium fpicatum alind Hernandez.

we p. 285 2 Vel Memeya de Tepoztlan Ejufd. p.3%4?
we This has a four or five Inches long Root, {mall and white, with lateral.
iw Fibers, drawing its Nourifhment. The Stalk is round, greeh, upright, two

Foot long, without any Branches, but having Leaves thinly plac’d thereon,
without any order, ftanding three always together on the fame common Inch
long Foot-Stalks. The uppermoft of them is the largeft, being an Inch and
an half long, and half an Inch broad in the middle where ‘broadeft, and
{mooth. ‘Lhe top ofthe Stalk, is a Spike of tetrapetalous Flowers, each of
the Petalabeing white, and flanding round feveral long purple Stamina, in-
clofing a Stylus of the fame Jength and colour, though of a different bignefs,
juft like the others of this Kind, and after them follows a three Inches long —

“Pod,

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 105

ee

Pod, {mall, round, green, and ending in a point exactly like the Pods of the
aforefaid Plants.

This grew on the Banks of the Rio-Cobre below the Town juft by the
water-fide, onthe other fide of the River, and on aGullies fide near Colo-
nel Cope’s Stables, in his Plantation by Guanaboa.

VIL Lberis humilior annua Virginiana ramofor. Morif. Cat. p. 80. Tab. 123.
Fig. 3. An Mexixguilitl feu nafturtinm iberifve Indica. Nicremb. p. 316 ?
Thlalpi Virginianum foliis iberidis amplioribus cy ferratis. Tourn:f. El. p. 182.
Tnft. p.213. Pepper-Grafs.
__ This has a white Inch long fingle Root, with fibers from it, drawing its
Nourifhment. The firft Leaves are {pread round on the furface of the
Earth, being about an Inch long, half of which is Foot-Stalk, and reddifh,
with three or four deep Lacinia or jags. At its beginning, towards the end
of the Foot-Stalk, being Oval, half an Inch broad, indented about the
edges, fmooth, and of a dark green colour. The Stalk is round, whitifh
green, rifing to a Foot and an half high, having longer, narrower, and
deeplier jagged Leaves fet thick about it without any order, the Branches
alfo come out frequently on all hands, round which ftand many Flowers,
on the eighth part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, being very f{mall, white,
and tetrapetalous, with green Stamina in the middle. After thefe follows a
{hort Pod, round, with a notch at the further end, containing one oblong,
reddifh Seed in each Arch or Cell of the Pod.

tt grows in all the Caribe Iflands, and in this Ifland in moft of the inland
places.

The firft Leaves being of a pleafing biting taft, fupply the place of all
the Crefles in Salleting.

VII. Eruca duodecima, ive maritima Italica filiqua hafta Cufpidi fimili. CB.
Cat. p. 81. Crambe maritima foliis eruce, capfula enfpidata. Tournef, El, p. 180.
Crambe maritima foliis eruce anguftioribus frudtn haftiformi. Ejufd. Inft.p.ri2.
An cadem foltis latioribus. Ej, ib ?

I could not obferve any difference between this Flant here, and that
growing on the Mediterranean, if not in the colour of the Flower, which is
white, but I look on that as only a variety. |»

It grew on Houfe Cayos, a {mall Ifland off of Port-Royal.

Four Ounces of the diftilled water, taken'warm in the morning, helps
Colick and Nephritick pains. Lugd. Mycon.

It Purges powerfully, but the Roots are ufelefs. Ang.

1X. Veronica fruticofa erecta dulcis, hexangulart caule, flore dilute caruleo.
Cat. p81. Tab. 108. Fig. 2. Another fort of Wild-Liquorice, or Sweet-

Weed.
This has a {trong Root, -divided into fmaller, two or three Inches long,

crooked Roots, with feveral fibrils to draw its Nourifhment. The Stalk is
woody, covered with a gray Bark, having feveral Hexangular, green
Branches, about a Foot and an half high, befecwich Leaves towards their
tops, three at a place, being without any Foot-Stalk, three quaters of an
Inch long, and half an Inch broad near the end, where broadeft, {errated
about the edges, and of a grafs green colour. Ex alis foliorum come the
Flowers, ftanding ona quarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They are te-
trapetalous, whitifh, with many Stamina, ftanding round on all hands within
them, to which follows a roundith Cap(ula, or Head of two Leaves, light
brown, membranaceous, no bigger than a great Pins head, containing very

many, {carcely perceivable,. {mall, brown Sceds, ftanding round a fungous
fubftance

as.

196 The Natural Eiftory of Jamaica.

dats

fubftance of the fame colour. The Leaves of this Plant have a fweet taf
like Liquorice, whence the name.

It grows near a Wood in the Town Savanna, towards two Mile Wood,
by the River fide going to the Ferry, and in feveral other places of this
Ifland.

Three Spoonfuls of the expreffed Juice of the Leaves of this Plant given
Evening and Morning for three days, is counted an infallible Remedy for
any Cough.

This, according to Pifo, is very emollient.

X. Veronica cane hexangulari, foliis fatureia ternis, ferratis. Cat. p.81. Tad,
rig: Fy. 2.

A great many white ftrings meet from every fide, to make up one ftraighe,
oblong, woody Root, from whence arifes an hexangular, woody, gray
Stalk, {preading its {elf into green Branches about one Foot high. The
Leaves come out three at a joint, at about half an Inches diftance. -They are
long, {errated, fimall, and narrow, like thofe of Savoury, only of a pale
green colour. This Plant has on an eighth part of an Inches long Foor-
Stalk, a fall whitifh gray, tetrapetalous Flower, after which follows im
a brown Capfula, fome brown, angular Seeds... The Capfules ftand round
the Stalks ex alis folioram on Foot-Stalks like to verticillated Flowers, each
being made up of four membranes, they are not round as the former, but
long, and pyramidal, and furrounded with four Leaves for its Calyx. 3

The Delcriptions and Figures of this, and the foregoing, feem to dif-
fer, though Dr. Plakenet, p. 151. Mant. thinks them the fame. Perhaps
they nfay only vary. |

It grows in the fandy Savannas.

XI. Papaver {pinofum, C: B. Cat. p. 8x. Argemone Mexicana. Tournef. El.
p. 204. Luft. p. 239.

This Plant agrees exactly to the defcription given by Authors.

It grows every where about the Town of St. Fago de la Vega, on the
road thither from Paflage Fort, and in all the Caribes very abundantly.

The Leaves of this Plant boil’d promote fleeping.

A Thimble full of the Seeds are reckoned a very violent Purge.

The Seed powdered and taken to the quantity of two Drams, purges all
Humours, efpecially Flegm from the Joints. The Milk, with a Womans
Milk that borea Female, dropt into the Eyes, Cures their Inflammations, It
is good again{t intermitting Fevers. The Flower applied Cures the Scab.
The Taft is bitter, and it ishot and dry. Its diftill'd Water, with the tops
of Mizquitl takes {pots out of the Eyes, and eats Proud Fleth, takes away
pains of the Head, and helps other fuch Difeafes. Azern.

The Seed came from England, under the Title of Figo del inferno. Bah,

The prickly Head is long and round, fomewhat like a Fig, and whofo-
ever fhould have one ftick in his Throat, quickly goes to Heayen or Hell;
from thence ’tis called Ficus Infernalis. Park.

XII. Chelidonium majus arborenm foliis, quercinis. Cat. p. 82+ Tab. 125.
This Shrub riteth to ten or twelve Foot high, having a ftraight Trune, g
big asones Arm, covered with a white, {mooth Bark, being branch’d aaa
the top, the Branches ends, having a great many Leaves {et round them
without any order. They are of the fhape of Oak Leaves, have an Inch
long Foot-Staiks, ate feven Inches long, and three broad at the blunt top
where broadett, being narrow at the beginning, and having on their fides
fome decp finuations, one great middle, and feveral cranfverfe Ribs, and
being

The Natural Fiflory of Jamaica. 1 97

being of a yellowifh green colour on the upper fide, and whitifh underneath.
The tops of the Twigs, beyond the Leaves, are a Foot long, and branched
out into very large bunches of many Flowers each ftanding on a fhort Foot-
Stalk, and being made upof two green Leaves or Lobes, within which are
many Stamina of a yellow colour, and a Stylus which grows roundith, big in
the middle, and tapering to both extremes, and in its middle contains a {mall
brown oblong Seed. |

All parts of this Plant yield on breaking a yellow juice, like that of
Celandine.

It grows in a Gully near Mr. Ellet(on’s Houle in Lignance, on the Road
going to Collonel Bourden’s Plantation from Gwanaboa, and feveral other

laces.

" It is hot and dry in the fourth Degree, with fome Adftri@ion. The
Twigs bark’d take off {pots and marks from the Eyes. The juice confumes
Wind, cures Tetters as well as the Fruit, and eafes pain from cold Caufes.
The Leaves cure old Sores, being applied tothem. They take off Warts,
efpecially thofe of the Preputium and Pudenda, which has been found by moft
certain Experiment. It is likewife called Quauhchilli, from being as fharp as
Indian Pepper, and was planted by the Jndiam Kings in their Gardens,
Fernandez.

“XUL Zithymalus Pa nreres foliis hirfatis, floribus ad caulium nodos cone
glomeratis. Cat. p. 82. Tithymalus Americanus, humi fufus, ferratus, floribus in
capitulum alts adherens, congeftis. Plum. Tournef. Inft. p. 88. Tithymalus bo-
tryoid:s minor Americanus foliis hirfutis. Pluken, Alm. p. 373.

This from an oblong tough Root, fends out feveral {mall, round, red Stalks
hairy, and about a Foot long. The Leaves are fet at the joints of the
Stalks, they are fometimes red, and fometimes whitifh green, almoft like
thofe of Parietaria. Out of the joints come likewife the Flowers, towards
the under part of the Stalk having a Foot-Stalk, but towards the top none.
They are very finall, many being clofe fet together inthe fame Head, or con-
glomerated, of a white or purplifh colour, and after them follow tricoccous
Seeds, as {mall as thofe of Chamafyce. |

Ir grows every where in Famaica, and other Iflands.

Its Vertues are thought many. Here ‘tis very much commended in
Claps as an Antivenereal Medicine, and by fome it is given in the Belly-ach.

Pifo ays "tis one of the beft outward or inward Antidotes, and that be-
‘ing freth chaw’d, or beaten, applicd to a Serpents biting, ic not only takes
away the pain, but draws out the Poyfon, and curcs Wounds, and likewile,
that if it be dry and powdered, and given ina convenient Liquor, to the
quantity of a Pugil, ic corroborates the Heart, and reftores the ftrength de-
cayed by Poyfon. He farther fays, that fcarce any who is prudent go’s into
the Woods in Brafile without either this Herb or its Juice, which drank in a
good Draught cures the Poyfon of Serpents. |

This is the greateft Antidote againft Serpents biting, being bruifed, and
applied to the Wound: if it have reach’d the Heart, a little of the Powder
cures being inwardly taken. One drop kills a finall Serpent. Zertre.

A Bath is made of this againft Serpents Poyfon.. The Leaves with the
Juice of the Bark Lana, levigated and anointed, Remedies Carbuncles and
Phlegmons. H. M@.

XIV. Zithymalus erectus, acris parietarie foliis glabris, floribus ad caulium nodos
conglomeratis. Cat. p.82. Tab. 126. Tithymalus Americanus, erectus, ferratus,
floribus in capitulum longo pedicule infidens, congeftis, Plum. Tournef, Inft. p. 88.

3 Eee Chamalyce

198 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

An Chamefyce Americana major floribus Slomeratis cynocranbes folio elabro.
Cy. pr.a. Pe 3?
nie has fi reddifh, ftringy, crooked Roots, which united {end out
one ftrong red Stalk dividing its felf into feveral green, round Branches,
rifing ten Inches high. The Leaves come out at the joints of the Branches,
about half an Inch from one another, they are two and two, fet one again{t
the other on very thort Foot-Stalks, are about an Inch long, and one chird
part of an Inch broad at round Bafe where broadeft, and whence they de-
crcafe, endingin a point, being cut {nipt or indented about the edges, and
{mooth. Ex alis foliorum, come for the moft part Inch long Foot-Stalks, {u-
{taining many white, or purple, tetrapetalous very fimall Flowers, fet very
clofe together one by the other, or conglomerated, after which follow as
many {mall tricoccous Sceds, like the others of this Kind.
The whole Plant is milky.
It grows in laboured or cleared Grounds in the Plantations.
“The Leaves, or any part of this Plant are poyfonous, if eaten by Hogs.
The Milk of this Plant rubbed on Warts cures them.

XV. Peplis fruticofa, maritima, geniculata. Cat. p.82. An fanamunda Afri»
‘cana. “Park. p. 204? .

This {mall leav’d Sea Spurge, had a four Inches long, red, wooddy Root,
from which rofe feveral red Foot and an half high Stalks, ftraight, and
‘jointed at eyery quarter of an Inch, having at the joints Branches, and on
them feveral Leaves, ftanding fide Ways oppofite to one another, at the
joints likewife. They are very fmall, being not over one third part of an
Inch long, and a quarter of an Inch broad, neat the middle where broadeft,
{mooth, of a very pale green, or glaucous colour, ftanding on very fhore
Foot-Stalks. On the tops of the Twigs comes out a very finall, tetrapeta-
tous, pale, or whitifh yellow Flower, after which follows a finall tricoccous
Seed, asin others of this Kind. : se

The whole Plant is very milky.

It grew on Gum Cayos, near Port Royal,

XVI. Chamafyce. C. B. Cat. p. 83. Tithymalus exiguus glaber nummularie
folio, Tournefort. El. p. 74. Inft. p. 87. Tithymalus minimus riber rotundifo-
Lins procumbens. Bob, Hift. Ox. part. 3. P- 340. ’

“~~ Yeould not obferve any difference between the Chamefyce growing about
Montpelier, and here in Famaica, and therefore 1 reckon them the ‘fame
oad and if there be any difference, *tis, that in Famaica it is larger than
In &4rope. oe

eae (; phe in dry fandy places, about the Town of St. Fago dela Vega, very
plentifully. 3

It takes off all Warts, they being rub’d with it. Boil’d with Victuals or
Sallet, it loofens the Belly : the juice does the fame. It is good for taking
off {pots from the Eyes, as weil as Dimnefs and Clouds, being rub’d on
them, mix’d with Honey. Lon, fpecune «5 stiee

It has all the vertues of the other Zithymals. Doi Writing with its juice is
not difcovered but by Afhes, Lic. sine RE ges i

The Greeks were “nor ‘acurate fometimes in giving their namés, as’ may
appear by this, having no quality of the Fig-Tree only it has Milk, and fo
has Lettice. “Zac. * ie i,

* This Plan grows in moft parts of the World.

ee XVIL Plantago’Cefalp: Cut.'p. 83. ‘
*Tis

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. I 99

.Lis common on this fide the Ferry going to Liguance by Land, and in
the North-fide of this land in feveral places. ,

.» Lis reckoned one of the beft Adftringents, therefore its Juice or Decodi-
on, and all parts of ic are thought to be very vulnerary, ftopping all man-
ner of Fluxes, either of Blood or Matter, and that taken feveral ways.

It is Cold and Dry, drying Wounds and Ulcers, abounding with too
much moifture, taken as a boil’d Sallet, it cures the Dyfentery. The juice
heals Ulcers of the Ears, and ftops the Catamenia, a Cloath dipt in this
juice being made ufe of by way of Peflary. It flops bleeding of Wounds,
being mix’d with white of Eggs. Dorf.

_ XVIN. Aceris fruitu herba anomala, flore tetrapetalo albo. Cat. p. 83. Tab,
OB its he Gee

This Plant has very {mall, brown, fibrous Roots, by which it creepeth
along the Earths furface, fending up now and then a round, red, jointed,
‘and juicy Stalk, about a Foot andan half high, baving Leaves coming out
at the joints alternatively, atan Inch and an half’s diftance, ftanding on an
Inch long, round, and red Foot-Stalks. ‘They are three Inches long, half
as broad, rough; of a yellowith green colour, indented on the edges, being
of an irregular Figure, having as it werea defect on one of the fides of the
Bafe by the Foor-Stalks end, and the other fide produced lower like an Ear,
from whence it déetreafes, ending in a point. The Flower comes at top, is
tetrapetalous and white, two of the Petala being large, and {et oppofite to
one another, and two of them being much fmaller, fet in the fame manner
with yellow Stamina. After this follows one Seed, which is quadrangular,
large, brown, oblong, inclofed in a two wing’d, triangular, extant mem-
‘brane. which furrounds it. :

It grows in the woody and fhady Paths going to fixteen Mile Walk by the
Rio Cobre, in the fhady Woods by Hope River, and other fuch places in fe-
veral parts of the Ifland. ;

This in many things refembles the Zferianarinampuli. HZ. M. p.9. Tab86.

p. 167. |

XIX. Clematitis prima five fylveftris latifolia. C. B. foliis ternis. Cate 0.84,
LMG 129. FIG. Eo sl poe?

I'did not obferve any difference between this Plant here, and ours in Ew
rope, but in every part found a perfect agreement, only the Leaves were not
five as ours, burt for the moft part always three on the fame Foot-Stalk, which
may be the variety of Soil. C.B. fays of his, that Mire in foliorum divifuris
ladit. |
It growsin the Woods going to Guanaboa by the Road fide, and over the
Rio Cobre near the Angels. fone :

__ ‘The Stalks are ufed for Withs. 7 eo
"The Root heated in Water, and ween two Glafles of Wine, diluted
‘with Sea-water, Purges Hydropical Peop G+ 1. | Sh ate mon re
~ The Juice and Flowers beaten, or boil’d, rub’d on the Skin, takes out its
fpots. Itis very Hot. 7Zrag- ch Smog ;
sf Pliny vells a thefe Sticks rub’d againft one another they fire, Which
is the way uféd by the Jndians to make Fite at this day.

XK! Solanum racénaolam Americanum. Rati. Cat. p. 84. Phytolacca Amiri
cana. Tournef. El. p. oe. Phytolacca Americana rote nije) Ejafd. Inft.
7. 299. Blétum maximum canle rubente Virgin. few Amaranthus Americanas

baccifer. Schuyl. p. 14. Solanum Pirginkepan 1H twaxinoutn ratemnofum se

a re tg ee

200 = The Natural Fhiftory of Jamaica.

cis torulis canaliculatis. Bob. Hiff. Ox. pert. 3. p 522. An Cuechiliz tomatl.
Flernandez, p.3742? The Great Virginia red Nightthade.

I could not obferve any difference between Parkinfon’s Great red Virginia
Solanum, and this growing here, and therefore will not give the defcription
of it, it feeming to me to be the fame.

It grows on the more mountainous parts of this Ifland, as in Liguance,
onthe Mountains above Mr. Elletfon’s Plantation, on Mount Diablo, in 20-
ing to the North fide, and feveral the more cool places of this Ifland.

It is uled by the Zzdians in New-England to dye their Skins and the Barks
wherewith they make their Baskets. xglifh People in Virginia call it Red
Weed. Virginia Nightlhade is a familiar Purger in Virginia and Noey-
England. A {poonful or two of the juice of the Root works flrongly. The
dried Root has not, upon trial, been found to have that effe@. Park.

Theru-Caniram, H. M. 1s of this Kind.

XXL. Solanum racemo{um Avsericanum minus. Cat. p. 85. An Heliotropium
Curaffzvicum Scammonii foliis mollibus fubhirfutis. Herm. par. Bat. prod? A-
maranthus taccifer Circee foliis, Flort. Amft. part.1. p.127.

This has a {mall, oblong, fibrous Root, which fends up one green, round
Stalk, two Foot high, having many Branches. The Leaves ftand on the
Stalks without any order, are almoft like thofe of Circea Lutetiana, or the
foregoing, only leffer. The Flowers come in a Spike on the tops of the
Branches, which have fome large hairs or foft prickles, they have very fhort
Foot-Stalks, are many, white, and tetraperalous, after which follow fome
very f{imall, at firft green, then red Berries.

It grows every wherein the Woods of this Ifland, and in the Caribes,

De Tertre tells us of a {mall Solazum, anda Plant like Circea, which, with
the juice of its Root, Cures the Tooth-ach. Perhaps that like Circa was this.

XXIV. Ghandiroba vel Nhandi-roba Brafilienfitus. Maregr. Cat.p.85.

This grew very plentifully on a Lime-Hedge near Mrs. Guys Houfe in her
Plantation in Gwazaboa, as alfo in Mountain River Woods, and in {everal
other places. The Fruic, or inward Nuts, are carried down frefh Rivers into
the Sea, and thence are thrown upon the Banks by the Waves again very
frequently.

_ The Inhabicants of Brafle make an Oil of the Kernel of this Fruit, which
they ufe in their Lamps, being very clear, good, and withal flow in con-
fuming. It cannot be us’d for Victuals being bitter, as is the whole Fruit.
_Marcer.

This Oil is good againft Aches from Cold, it being Hot. I remember to
have {een whole Families of thofe of Brafle Sick with the Night Air, re-
ftor’d with this Oil. Pafo.

MXM. Clematis baccifera, glabra cp villofa, rotundo & umbilicato folio,
Plumier. Cat. p. 85. An Caapeba, Pif. Worm, mnf. p.158 2 An Volubilis feu
baccifera Virginiana.’ officulo compreffo lunato, candice lento, foliis hederacezs na-
ffurtii Indici more umbilicatis. Banift. Pluken. Alm. p. 393? Velvet-Leaf.

. Thishasa round, whitifh, wooddy Stalk, with which it turns about, and
catches hold of any Tree it comes near, and rifes to its top, and thence
falls down again, putting forth all along fome fimall Branches, having fe-
veral Leaves, like a Heart, or almoft round, of about an Inch in Diameter,
the edges being undivided. They are of a white yellowith colour, very
thick fet with a whitith down, or foft hair, feeling to the touch as Velvet,
whence its name. The Flowers come out among the Leaves are hanging
,on a two Inches long Strings, as thofe of Nettles, each Flower being very

{mall,

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 201

———

{mall, tetrapetalous, of a pale green colour, with one black {pot in the
giisie I could never find any Seed, though feveral times I examined the

ant.

It grows every where inthe Town Savavna, amongft the Shrubs.

The Leaf either applied whole, or bruifed, to a wounded place, cures it
very effectually,

it isia pos Remedy again{t poifoned bites, the Leaves being bruifed
and applied. he Root is excellent againft the Stone. Marcgr. Pif,

XXIV. Lyftmachia lutea non pappofa erecta major, foliis hirfutis, frac CAryo
phylloide. Cat. p.85. Tab, 127. Fig. 3.

The Stalk is ufually brown, ftrong, four. or five Foot high, and has {e-
veral hairy, red, angular Branches, on every hand very thick befer with long,
narrow, hairy nervous Leaves, feveral of which come out together, fome
larger, fome fmaller. The larger are three Inches long, and f{carce one
broad, in the middle where broadeft, of a light green colour, downy and
foft like Velyet. The Flowers come out ex alis foliorwm, are large, yellow,
ftanding onan half Inch long Foot-Stalk, pentapetalous, very open, or fpread
with yellow Stamina, having under them four or five green, {mall Leaves,

Mlanding on an oblong, large, four or five {quare Capfala, or Seed-Veffel fet
on to - Stalk by .an eight part of an Inch long Foot-Stalk, and contain-
ing in {everal Cells very much finall, yellowifh Seed, when full ripe.

The Defcriptions and Figures of this and the Lyfimachia cornicula’a mari-
tima finuatis, cy pubefcentiius foliis Virginiava, Plukenct. Alm. p. r35. &
Phyt. Tab. 203. Fige 3. fhew thefe Plants to be very different one from the
other. This 1 take notice of, becanfe Dr. Plukemct in his Mantiffa, p. 123.

doubts if it be not the fame |
Tr grows every where on the wet or low Banks of the Rio Cobre, and in
other wet places of the Ifland, oe

XXV. akenasine lutea non pappofa erecta minor, flore lutco pewtapetalo, fratin
caryophylloide. Cat, p85, Lab. 128. Fig, 2, 3.

This rifes abouc ten Inches high, from {mall, fibers it fends.out from ics
joints, into the neigbbonsing mud, thereby drawing its Nourifhment. is
Stalk is green, round, fucculent, fmooth and brittle, on which are plac’d by
“a quarter of an Inch long red Foot-Stalks, feveral Inch long Leaves, half as
broad in the middle where broadeft, fmoorh and fhining. Ex alis foliorum
~ come the Flowers. They are pentapetalous, very large, yellow, and making
a fine fhow. The Seed [ did nor obferve, though by its Stalks and,Flower
it fhould be of kin to, if not a Purflane.

It grows in Marfhy places near Black River Bridge, dc. where water ftands
fhallow moft part of the year, among the Mud, into. which it {trikes its fi-
brous Roots. ! | “di ee aan

XXXVI. Cofcuta inter majorem G mninorem media, filamentis longis a fortibus
latiffime fae arbores velcampos fe.extendens, Cat p85. ab. 12. Fig, 4s

is has very long, and ftrong. filaments, by. which it {tretches ics {elf
over very large Trees, and whole Fields.and Paftures, cifing no higher chan
the Plants on which it feeds. The Flowers are white, and conglomerated on
one fide of the Stalk, as the others of this Kind are. The Filaments are
Jarger than thofe of the Cufcuta minor five epithymum, C,B, Pin. and lefler
than thofe of the Cafcura major. C.B, Pin. :

i tf 4 This

-—-)
as

202 ‘The Natural Hifory of Jamaica.

—

This is not the Cufcuta Lendiginofa, crc. Plukenct. Tab. 26. Fig. 6. as the
Doctor conjectures, Mantiff. p. 61. as may be feen above p. 191. his Cy/-
cuta Lendiginofa, being the inward patt of the Vifcum cariophylloides, &c. there
deferibed, the little knots in it being at the places of the Stalks where the

ranches were placed.
; It grows on ae Palifadoes, Trees, Shrubs, and Fields near the Rio Cobre,
dbout and below the Town of St. Fugo de la Vega very plentifully.

Cn ee Xi

Of vafculiferous’ Herbs with pentapetalous Flowers.

I Lftus urtice folio, flore luteo, vafculis trigonis. Cat p36. Tab. 127.
a. 4s.

| This. Shrub has a Stem as big as ones Thumb, covered with

a reddifh brown, fmooth Bark, rifing three or four Foot high,

and having many Branches towards the top, {pread thinly on

all hands. They are befet with Leaves and {mall Sprigs. The Leaves are

fome greater, fome fmaller, thofe largeft ftand on an half Inch long Foot-

Stalks, beingtwo Inches and an half long, and one Inch broad in the mid-

dle where broadeft, notch’d about the edges, hoary or woolly, foft, having

one middle Rib, and feveral tranverfe ones. They are of a yellowith dark

green colour, and they have a fcent like Ciffus ; and fomewhat refemble the

Leaves of Cannabis fpuria. On the tops of the Twigs and Branches come

the Flowers ftanding in a pentaphyllous Cahx. They are pentapetalous,

yellow, or Orange coloured, very large, and like the Flowers of Cifxs,

after which follows a {mall Head, made up of three ftrong cartilagineous
membranes, in which are lodged the Seeds, which are large.

It grew between Guanaboa and the Town on theRed Hills very plentifully,

in the Road going to the Angels near the Gate, and in feveral other places of
this Ifland. :

Il. Chameciftus urtice folio, flore luteo. Cat Pe SD ab 499. Pig; 6. PRC”

This hasa{mall, ftraight, white, ‘fhort Root,’ having fome fmall,; white
fibers on each fide, from whence fprings oné round, rough Stalk, ‘two Inches
high, having Branches oppofite to Ohe another, and Leaves which aré three
quarters of an Inch ‘long, and one third part of an Inch broad, vety deep
cut in on the edges, and ‘rough, like thofe of Cannabis (puria. The Flower
{tands at top, it 1s very woolly or hairy, furrounded by three or four Leaves.
It is of a deep yellow colour in the inner part, pentapetalous, large, and
making afinefhow. After this followsa {mall Head, made up of three carti-
lagineous Membranes, inclofing fome large Seeds, of a white colour, very
pleafantly ftriated, and like thofe of Mallows.

It grows in the Town Savanna after Rain.

IE. Chamaciftus caule hirfuto, folio oblongo, angufto, finuato, flore luteo, pedicule
infidente. Cat.p.87. Tab.127. Fig. 7. |

This has a wooddy, oblong Root, with feveral lateral fibrils, which fends
up fometimes a fingle, and fometimes two or three wooddy, round Stalks,
about three or four Inches high, being covered with a reddith coloured hair,
or {mall Prickles, which although they look very fierce, yet I never obferved

ae)

The Natural Fiiflory of Jamaica. 203

toprick. ‘The Leaves come out alternatim, being about an Inch long, and
one fifth part of an Inch broad in the middle where broadeft, and whence
they decreafe to both extreams, being fomewhat hairy, of a dirty brown
colour, and finuated about tae edges. Ex alis foliorum, and at the tops come
the Flowers cach ftanding on an half Inch long Foot-Stalk, being yellow
and after this foilows a Secd-Veflel, or Head made after the fame manner,
and containing Seeds as the former.
It gtew in the Savansa about the Town, with the former.

si Anagallis ceruica, portulace aquatice caule cy foliis. Cat. p. 87. Tab.129.
Xs

This {mall repent Plant, has round, fmooth, green, juicy Stalks, which at
joints {trikes into the Earth, {mall, white, hairy fibers, whereby it draws its
Nourifhment, and likewife fmall, green, fucculent Leaves, almoft like thofe
of the Portulaca aquatica, being roundith, thick, grecn, {mooth, and very
fimall, without Foot-Stalks, ftanding oppofite toone another. Towards the
ends of its {mall Twigs, ex alis foliorum, come outhalf an Inch long Foot-
Stalks, and on them in a Calyx, confifting of two green Leaves, a pentape-
talous Flower, of a pale blue colour, having fome whitilh Stamina within.
After this follows a grcat number of very {mall, flat, brown Seeds, inclofed in
ahard, brown Cupfula, covered by fome firft green, afterwards brown Leaves,
which were the Perianthinm or Calyx of the Flowcr.

It grew on the Sea Marfhes near the landing place at Delacrees in
Lizuanee.

V. Alfine Americana nummulariea foliis. Herm. parad. Bat. prod. p. 306. par.
Bat.p.t1-, Cat. p. 87.

This fort of Chickweed had feveral very fmall, white Strings for its Roor,
from whence, on every hand, went feveral round, {mall Stalks, a Foot long,
lying on the furface of the Earth. They were green, and upon ftretching,
like other Alfine’s, the Bark breaks, the inward part of the Stalk holding.
At more than an Inches intervals diftance come the Leaves. They are twos
one oppofite to another, ftanding on fhort Foot-Stalks, are almoft quite
round, having Nerves, like Plantain, running from the Foot-Stalks end
through the Leaf, each of which is of about one third part of an Inch’s
Diameter. The Flowers come out ex alis foliorum, feveral together ftand-
ing on an Inch long Foot-Stalk. They are made up of many white, long
Petala, as the other Alfine’s, to which follows feveral fmall Seeds, like thofe
of other Chickweeds.

_ Ie grew on the low, moift Banks of Rio Cobre, below the Town of St.Fago
dela Vega, and feveral fuch moift thady places, in and towards fixteen Mile

Walk, very plentifully.

VI. Alfini afinis foliis bellidis minoris, caule nudo. Cat. p. 87. Tab. 129;
Fig..2.

2 “This had a crooked, white Root, with many Hairs to draw its Nourifh-
ment, about an Inch long. The Leaves lay on the furface of the Earth,
{pread round the Root, being about an Inch long from a narrow beginning,
increafing by degrees to its round end, and very like the Leaves of the
lefler Dafie,-only not fo thick nor fucculent, and of a darker green colour.
From the middie of thefe Leaves rifes a four or five Inches long Stalk or
two, without any. Leaves, being branched towards the top, which Branches
are divided into {mall Twigs, each whereof fuftains a {mall Head, inclofed
by four whitifh capfular Leaves, there being within them a round, whitith,
thin Seed-Vefiel, full of roundith black Seeds, very fmall, I never found ic

in Flower. It

.-

een ern eens

204 Tbe Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

It grew on the fandy places of the Town Savanna, towards two Mile
Wood. |

i. Portulaca latifolia fen fativa, C.B. pin. Cat. p. 87.
adie grows eee Speen Grounds, without being Sown, and
agrees in every thing with its Defcription in all Authors.
This name Porcalaca is thought to come from its feeding Swine.
This wich Fern and Baflicum, are common to Ewrope and Brafile. Lery,
It has fometimes a notch in the Flowers, or they are Zifid.
The whole Plants are boiled, dried in the Sun, and ufed for Winter-

Difhes. AMatth. we
"The Stalks are pickled after drying with Fennel, Verjuice, and Salt.

Lugd.

This is the only Herbcommon to Maragnan and France. Abbev.

It is Cold in the third, and Moift in the fecond Degree. It is eaten in
Sallads, yields little cold, moift, and grofs Nourifhment, killing Worms,
thickning and cooling the Blood, therefore {topping all its Fluxes. it is
good for the Bladder, extinguifhing Venery. It takes away the pain of
the Teeth fet on edge, and thefe things are done likewife by the Seed.
It helps the Inflammations of the Uterus ¢ anus. Ger.

This beaten with /otura oryze remedies Carbuncles. HY. MM. |

Applied outwardly it cures the Zry/fipelas Inflammations, and procures
fleep. Lon. .

VIM. Portulaca anguftifolia five fylveftris. C. B. pin. Cat. p. 87. Pourpier
de Bouton. p. 48. Tatcombelahe de Flacourt, p. 126»

It grows in more barren fandy, and fometimes wet Grounds, and there-
fore 1 doubt whether it may not be a variety of the former.

Mr. Fames Lancafter ap. Hlakl. p.119. p.2. relates that being left on the
Iland Mona, near Efpanola in the Weft-Indies, in great want, the beft relief
they found was in the Sralks of Purfelain boiled in water, and now and
then a Pompion found in the Garden of an old Jadéan, and that for twent
nine days they lived fo. |

IX. Portulaca aizoides maritima procumbens, flore purpureo. Cat. p. 88. . As
Portulaca Caraffavica angufto longo lucidoque folio procumbens floribus rubsis.
Pluken, Alw. p. 393? Comm, hort. Amft. p. 9 ? Sampier.

This has many thick, juicy, round, red, frequently jointed Stalks, lying
on the furface of the ground onevery hand. The Branches and Leaves come
at the joints, the latter being an Inch and an half long, like the Chryfanthe-
mum aixzoides, triangular, very juicy, faltifh in taft, like Sampier, not une
pleafant, and very fucculent. Ex alis foliorum come the Flowers, which are
pentapetalous. ‘The Petala are thick, of a purple colour varying fome-
times. to white, ftanding Star-fafhion, with purple Stamina in the middle,
and looking very pretty. After thefe follow many {mall, roundifh, com-
prefs’'d Seeds, having a little defect inthe middle, being of a fhining black
colour, like the grains of Gunpowder, or other the Seeds of Portulaca, in-
clofed in a hexaphyllous Cup, with a clay colour’d cover to it, breaking
horizontally, as other the Portulace.

it varies very much in bignefSin feveral places. ,

It grows on the falt marfhy Grounds near Paflage Fort, old Harbour, on
the Cayos off of Port Royal, and other fuch places very plentifully.

. Tis pickled, and eat as. Englifh Sampier. 98

The Leaves are preferv'd with Vinegar and. Brine, as Sampier,’: Solids:
nella, Gc. and are eaten asa Pickle. Pif. y aida
X. Pore

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 205

a

X. Portulaca aizoides maritima erecta. Cat. p. 88.

This has feveral Branches {pread round, reddifh, and as thick as ones
little Finger, cornered, and fet with Twigs, ata third part of an Inches di-
{tance round the Stalk, mounting upright a Foot high. The Leaves are
almoft triangular, two Inches long, and one twelfth part of an Inch broad,
pyramidal, very.igreen, tafting like others of this Kind. I did not obferye
its Flower or Seeds, but believe them like the former.

It grew on the fandy Shore near Paflage Fort.

__ XI. Portulaca erecta [edi minoris facie, capitulo tomentofo. Cat. p.88. Tab.x2 Se
Fig. 3.

This has {mall, white, ftringy Roots, which fend up feveral round, fmooth,
reddifh Stalks, four Inches high, having many fmall, round Leaves, like
thofe of the Sedum minus foliis teretibus, about half an Inch long, and
having at their tops feven or eight Leaves, encompafling feveral Flowers in
adowny Wooll, after which follow, in a Capfula, like that of Purflan, fe-
veral {mall, black Seeds, like thofe of that Plant.

It grows inthe dry Savanaas after Rain.

This differs very much from the Portulaca Curaffavica lauucinofa, crc.
Plukenet. Phyt. Tab. 105. Fig. 4. Alm. p. 303. though the Dogtor thinks them
the fame in his Mantiffa, p.154.

In the Figure the Leaves on the Stalk are not taken notice of.

XII. Portulace facie maritima fruticofa erecta amaricans. Cat.p.Q7. An por
tulaca Americana erctta floribus alvis. Parad. Bat. Commel. hort. Amft. part. x.
p..7 ? Ax portulaca marina latifolia, flore fuave rubente. Plum. Tournef. Inft-
p. 236?

This in every thing was like Purflan, only larger, and growing more up-
right. It had along, deep, round Root, and feveral lateral fibrils went in-
to the fandy, loofe Earth, thence drawing its Nourifhment. The Stalk was
reddifh, as thick as ones little Finger, fucculent, rifing to at leaft two Foot
high, having Branches thick fet with Leaves, without any order, about an
Inch and an half long, and three quarters of an Inch broad near the end
where it was broade{t, and round, being at the beginning narrow, and
from no Foot-Stalk increafing to that breadth. It is juicy, has one middle
Rib, and a very unfavoury bitterifh taft. What was its Flower or Seed I did
not obferve, and fo cannot be pofitive that it belongsto this place.

It grew on Gun Cayos near Port Royal.

XIII. Portulace afinis folio {ubrotunde fucculento, flore pentapetalo dilute purpu-
reo. Cat. p.89. Portulaca Coraffavica procumbens Capparidis folio, flore mufcofo,
capfula bifurcata. Herm, par. Bat. p.203. Horfe-Purflane.

This has trailing, juicy, round, {mooth, green Branches, three Foot long,
lying on the furface of the Ground, round the top of the Root, being jointed,
{welld at each joint, and branch’d every Inchand half, there being two lit-
tle Branches fer againft one another, on which ftand the Leaves oppofite to
One another, on an Inch long Foot-Stalks, being roundifh, of about an Inch
Diameter, and not altogether fofucculent as thofe of Purflane. The Flowers
are pentapetalous, of a light purple colour refembling thofe of Mallows.
The Seeds are fomething flat, and round, being black, and contained in a
green, oblong Cap{ula.

It grows by the Kings Houle, and in feveral places in the Streets of the
Town of St. Fago de la Vega, after Rains.

This differs extreamly from Patulace fimilis planta Indie orientalis, ec:

Ggg Plakenete

206 The Natural Fiftory of Jamaica.

Plukenet. Phyt. Tab. 206. Fig. 3. though the Doctor in his Mantiff. p. 155.
thinks they may be the fame.

XIV. Linum feandens flore dilute purpureo (emine triangulari. Cat. p. 89. Fab,
130. Fig. 1. An Linum farmento[um , fen volubile Famaicanum, flore cernleo.
Pluken. Alm. p. 224 ? |

This hasa round, hoary, {mall Stalk, turning and winding its felf abour
any Plant it comes near, and rifing three or four Foot high, having Lecayes
at every Inches diftance, ftanding on an eighth part of an Inch long Foot-
Stalks, being three quarters of an Inch long, and half an Inch broad near
the Bafe where broadeft, and whence they decreafe, ending in a point,
a little hairy, and of a dark green colour. Ex alis foliorum come out {e-
veral Flowers, ftanding on very fhort, crooked Foot-Stalks. They ftand
Star fafhion, are pentapetalous, and of a pale purple colour, after which fol-
lows a f{mall, brown, roundifh Head, like that of Flax, divided into feveral
Cells, and containing Seeds almoft triangular, being round on one fide, flat
on the others, and of a light brown colour.

There is another fort of this, or rather variety, being much larger in
Flowers, exc. They being of a white colour. ;

It grows, though rarely, in the Savanmas, amongft the prickly Pears ; but
is frequent on the Red Hills inthe way to Guanaboa. 7

XV. Apocynum ercttum fruticolum, flore luteo maximo c {peciofiffimo. Cat.
p. 89. Tab. 130. Fig. 2. Savanna Flower. | sist a aa

This rifes three or four Foot high by a wooddy, branch’d Stalk, covered
near the Root witha brown, {mooth Bark, like that om Birch-Twigs. The
Twigs at top have green Bark, and feveral Leaves, two always {landing op-
pofed one to another, on one third partof an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They
are Oval, yellowifh green in colour, {mooth, two Inches long, and three
quarters of an Inch broad. Ex alis foliorum towards the tops of the
Branches come out feveral long, wooddy Foot-Stalks, {upporting cach a_yel-
low monopetalous Flower, whofe margin has five deep notches in it. After
thefe follow two Pods fet like Bulls Horns, very flender in refpec of the
others of this Kind, and long, containing many brown Seeds with much
Down, refembling in every thing the other Species of this Kind. The whole
Plant is very Milky. | 3

It grows in the Savanaas every where, and is in Flower moft part of the
year, making.a very. pleafant fight. SS eee re S2

XVI. Apocynum ercctum folio oblongo, flore umbellato, petalis coccineis reflexis.
Cat. p.89. Tab. 129. Fig. 4, §. Apocynum Curalfavicum filrofa radice floribus
aurantiis Chamaneriz foliis anguftioribus. Flerm. par. Bat. prod p.213. par. Bat.
p.36. An Apocynum petranm ramofum, falicis folio venolo, flique medio tumente
Vergintanum Pluk. Almag. p. 26 2 Phyt. Tab. 261. Fiz. 3 2 Apocynum Eyfica-
nenfe erciinm, falicis foliis anguftioribus vel latioribus. Hort. Beaumont >

This has ftrong and deep Roots feveral Inches long, and by the many
fibers, they have, draw copious Nourifhment to the Plant, which has {everal
Stalks fircight, three or four Foot high, jointed at every Inch, four {quare,
the Leaves coming out at the joints oppofite to one another. They are long,
and of a dark green colour. At the cop is a Foot-Stalk, fuftaining- many
Flowers umbel-fafhion’d, every one being pentapetalous. The Perd/d “are
turn’d down reflected, or bow’d back. . The Stylus ftanding up in the middle
of them is yellow, the Petala are of a very fine fearlet colour, The Pods follow,
which are three Inches long, roundith, as big as ones Finger in the tiiddle,
and tapering to both extreams. The membrane is firft gtéen,. blit turns

: brown,

I

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 207

brown, and contains, when opened, a great many flat, round, thin, brown
Seeds, with much Silk Cotton fticking to their ends, in which they lie,
fattencd to a middle, white, foft membrane, dividing cach Pod. Ali the
parts of this Plant are very milky. | |

Jt grows very plentifully in the Road between Paffage-Fort and the Town,
as alfo in moft Ditches and Paftures about the Town. nh

It is very troublefome to Planters, fowling their Paftures, and {preading
its felf therein much againft their will, and to their damage by means of
its winged Seed.

The Figure of this in Dr. Herman’s Paradifus Batavus is not very good.

. XVII Apocynum fruticofum feandens, genifte Fifpanica facie, floribus ladteis
edoratis. Cat. p.89. Tab.13%. Fig. 1. :
_ . This has near its Root a Stem as big as ones little Finger, covered with an
afh-coloured Bark, having fome {uperficial black Suc in it. The Stalk is
divided into very many round, green Branches, like to Spani/h Broom, which
turning round Trees, or leaning on any thing they come hear, rife to
fometimes thirty Foot high. At every two or three Inches diftance to-
wards the top, it has two fmdll two Inches long Twigs fet oppofite one
to the other at a little joint, each of which has Leaves fet likewife oppo-
“fice one to the other, ftanding on an eighth part of an Tach long Foot-
Stalks, being Oval an Inch long, half as broad, a little hairy or like velvet,
and of a GrafS green colour. Six or eight Flowers ftand at cop umbell-fafhion
to gether, their Inch long Foot-Stalks coming from the ends of the Twigs,
asfromacommon Center. They are eachof them pentapetalous, the edges
“of the Petala being hairy, the Stamina are five, ftanding up in the middle,
~ Whofe round ends are reflected inwards, all of a milk white colour, {melling
_ fweer, and looking very pleafantly. The Seeds are many, brown and flar,
dying in a filk down like other the Apocynums, all of them being lodged in
an Inch long pyramidal Sheath, Pod, or Capfwa, which opens on one fide, let-
ting che Seeds fly out: two of thefe Pods being ufually fet oppofite like
Horns, as the others of this Kind.

The whole Plant is very milky.

It grows on fome Palifadoes about the Town of St. Fago de la Vega, and

on the Trees of the fandy Banks of the Rio Cobre below the ‘Town, on the
~ fame fide of the River. | ,
. It is very plain, by this Defcription and Figure, that this cannot be the
~ Apocynum fcandens angufto rorifmarini folio, ec. Plukenet. Alm. p. 37. Phyt.
Tab.r61. Fig.2. The Doctor, p.17. of his Mantiffa doubts if it may not
be the fame.

_ XVIIN. Apocynum foandens majus folio fubrotund, Cat.p.89. Tab. 131. Fig.
2. An Apocynum foandens Malabaricum fruticofum floribus nerii Cariophylles
redolentibus. Herm. par. Bat. p. 62? | PUNE tpl oe
‘This hasa round, dark brown, and deep Root, fending’ out one or more
round. and green Stalks, which wind and turn themfelves about any Plant
or Shrub they come near, rifing to fix Foot high, and at about each three
or four Inches diftance ate joints, out of which come Leaves, and fome-
- times Branches fet one againft another. The Leaves have a quarter of an
~ Inch long Foor-Stalk, are almoft round, two Inches Diameter, a little curled,
of a very frefh green colour and finooth. Between therm and the Stalk, ex
alis foliorum, comes a half Inch long Foot-Stalk, fuftaining a grear many
pentapetalous Flowers, each Flower ftanding in a contorted, greenifh Calyx,
which is long, its ore beitig divided into five parts. Thete is between each
~ of the Petala or. Sections, a {mall diftance, they ftanding f{parfe from

one

————

208 ‘The Natural Fiiftory of Jamaica.

ener eee wen te

one another, and each of them beginning very narrow, are at their ends
round and broad; a little indented about the edges. After thefe follow large
taper Pods ftanding like Horns, agreeing in every thing with thofe of the
other Apocynum’'s. .

It raesicle the edges of the Woods in the Town Savanaas, and in {everal
other places of this Ifland, as well as the Caribes.

XIX. Apocynum minus fcandens, flore albo, fingulis petalis, viridi ftria notatis,
. p. 89.

ee stalk of this is near the Root, round, as big asa Hens-Quill, of an
afh colour, turning and winding its {elf round any Tree or Shrub it comes
near, and rifing four or five Foot high ; towards the top on its Branches are
many Leaves fet in Tufts on oppofite fides of the Stalk. They have a quar-
ter of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are an Inch long, and one quarter of an
Inch broad, towards an Oval fhape though pointed, of a deep green colour,
and {mooth. The Flowers come out ex alis foliorum, being {everal, taking
original from the fame Center, viz. an eighth part of an Inch long Foot-
Stalk. ‘They are pentapetalous, long, {mall, and white, with a green ftreak
in the middle of each of the Petala, and yellowith Stamina in the middle.
After which follows in a pyramidal Husk or Seed-Veflel made up of one
membrane, Seeds, lying in a filken Down both Seeds and Seed-Veffels, being
exactly like thofe of the other Apocyuums only {imaller,

All parts of this Plant are very milky.

It grew in the Town Savanna among the Ebonies.

XX. Apocyno affine, Gelfeminum Indicum hederacewm herbacenm tetraphyllum, folto
fubrotundo acuminato. Cat. p.90. Pfendo apocynum {emine comprefso cy alato fe-
cundum, claviculatum tetraphyllum Barbadienfe, flore luteo tuberofo inodoro breviori-
bus foliis. Bob. hift.Ox. p.3. p. 612. -Bignonia Americana, capreolis aduncis ora
nata filiqua longifima. Tournefort. Inft. p. 164.

This had a wooddy Stalk, about the bignefS of a Hens-Quill, covered
with a fmooth Bark of an afh colour, climbing any Trees or Hedges it came
near, at about three or four Inches diftance putting forth Leaves fianding op-
pofite to one another on an half Inch long Foot-Stalks. The Leaves were
thining, roundifh, about an Inch and an half long, and near as broad near
the middle where broadeft, {mooth,. and fometimes, though rarely, in
dented about the edges. At the ends of the Foot-Stalks came our {mall
caprecli, by which it took hold of any thing it came near.

it grew in the Ifland of Barbados very plentifully every where.

XXI. Nuwimularia minima flore alto. Cat. p. 90. Tab. 131, Fig. 3.

This little Plant has feveral creeping Stalks, and many trailing Branches,
with which it covers large {pots of Ground. ‘The Branches are round,
brown, {mall, and take hold by fibrous Roots of the furface of the Farth,
The Branches ends are fet very thick with Leaves alternatively, they are
round, and like thofe of Nummularia minor flore purpurafcente, CB. only
{maller. The Flowers come out ex alis foliornm, ftand on a fhort Foot
Stalk, are whitifh, pentapetalous, with fome Stamina in the middle, in a
green oblong Calyx.

It grows very copioufly in the Savanna near the Town of St. Fago de la
Vega, in thofe places where Rain has ftood after a wet Seafon.

XXII. Nummularia faxatilis minima repens, foliis. crenatis villofis, floribus
albis. Cat. p90. 7 ab.131. Fig.4. AnVitis Idea paluftris Americana foliis pare
Vis circinatis, elegantiffime crenatis ex infula Faimaicana. Plakenct. Alp. 392 2

el
3’

~The Natural Fiiftory of Jamaica. 209

This {mall repent Plant has very {mall Hairs for Roots, which it flrikes out
at its joints. The Stalks are {fmall, round, hairy, jointed at every half
Inch, from whence come out on an eighth part of anInch long Foot-Stalks,
round, {mall Leaves of a pale green colour, rough, of about a quarter of an
Inch Diameter, {nipt about the edges. Towards, and at the tops come the
Flowers in a tufft. together, being very {mall and white, but whether they
belong properly to this place or no, I know not.

It grows on the fides of Rocks, which it covers, among the Mountains
near Hope River in Liguance, by Mr. Elletfon’s Plantation.

This is extreamly different from the Nummularia major rigidioribus ra-
rius crenatis foliis, Gc. Plukenet. Alm. p. 254. though the Doétor in his
Mantiff. p. 136. thinks they may be the fame.

XXIII. Zribulus terreftris major, flore maximo odorato. Cat.p. 90. Tab. 132.
Fig. i.

Sie a pretty ftraight and deep Root {pring a great many Foot and an
half long trailing Branches, {pread every way on the {urface of the Ground,
from the top of the Root, as from a Center. The Stalks are round, fuc-
culent, brittle and thick, from whence go feveral Branches fet with winged
Leaves. The Pinne are generally fix, or three pair, of a dark green colour,
the furthermoft pair being largeft. +: The Flowers come out towards the ends
of the Branches, are of a pale Orange, or yellow colour, pentapetalous, very
large, and {melling fweet. After which-follows a {mall prickly Head, with
a long procefs fomething like to the Geraninm Sceds, only thefe are fer
with very {trong prickles, though not very fharp on the largeft fide, or
that part of the Seed neareft the Stalk. |

It grows in the Streets of the Town of St Fago de la Vega, and in rocky
or gravelly Grounds in moft Plantations in the }fland.

A Salve is made of this Herb with Suet, good for the Ringworm, a
frequent Diftemper in this place.

The European Kind is adftringent, and good for all Inflammations. 7. B.

This feems to differ much from the 7ribulus terreftris major Caraffavicus.
Herm. in not being fo large, nor having fo many Wings in its Leaves.

XXIV. Urtice folio anomala, flore pentapetalo purpureo, fruttw pentacocco
muricato. Cat. p.90. Tab.132. Fig. 2.

Froma rediih, round, deep, oblong Root, come feveral round, green, tough
Branches, about fix Inches high, along which come out {everal {mall Leaves
oval, fnipt or deeply cut in onthe edges, fmooth, and ftanding ona {mall
Foot-Stalk. Between them and the Stalk comes out a {mall, pentapetalous,
purplifh Flower, {tanding on a very fmall, reddifh Foot-Stalk, and having
one large Stylus, which in fome time grows to be red, large, and afterwards
rough and brown, it is pentacoccous, or divided into five Cellule, containing
each ableckifh Seed, and all are pendulous, or inclining towards the Ground,

It grows among the Grafs in the Town Savanna.

XXV. Gratiole afinis frutefcens Americana, foliis agerati (cu veronica erecta
majoris. Breyn. prod. 2. p. 54. Cat. pe 90. Capraria Curalfavica cr Cabritta
vulgo. Elerm. par. Bat. p. 110. AnTsjern parva. Efort. Mal. part. lo. p. 105 ?
Tab. 532 Weft-India Thea.

_ Several fimall two Inches long brown Roots united, fend upa Stem three or
four Foot high, wooddy, covered with a fmooth clay coloured Bark, and
haying feveral Branches, which are very thick fet towards their tops wich
Leaves round their Stalks, without any order. Each Leaf is an Inch long, and
not overan eighth part of an Inch over at top ‘ites broadeft, having no : ere

% : n Stalk,

%
wis

210 The Natural Liftory of Jamaica.

Stalk, but beginning very narrow, and augmenting to that breadth : Suc-
culent, of a deep green colour, {mooth, having notches or incifures into the
Leaves like thofe of Senecio, or great Daifie. Ex alis foliorum comes the
Flowers ftandiag on a fhort Foot-Stalk, being {mall, white, and the margin
very deeply divided into five parts. After which follows a great many very
{mall brown Seeds, ftanding in an oblong, cylindrical, four cornered, brown
Cupfula, divided into two parts. Of this there is a variety, being fmalier.

It grows in the Savanna, and about the Houfes of the Town of Str. Fuge
de la Vega, very plentifully.. ie

Why fome give it the name of Thea, I cannot imagine.

It grows in Greece wild, and is call’d Cufermont by the Zurks. Wheeler
apud D.Plukenct. Yt is call’d Cabrita by thofe of Curafao, becaufe Goats
feed on it. zd. .

ed

| Crap; XI:
Of Herbs which are of the Kindred of Umbelliferous Plants.

Alerianella folio [ubrotundo, flore purpureo, femine oblonzo, frias
to, afpero. Cat. p.91- Hogweed. , ss hae
\s JEhe Root is fingle, very ftrong and deep, fending forth
many Branches, lying along the furface of the Earth, on c-
, very fide for a Foot or two in Diameter. The Stalks are
red,round, fucculent, like thofe of Purflane, jointed. ‘ Atevery joint aretwo
Branches, and Leaves oppofite one to another, fet on one third part of an
Inch Jong red Foot-Stalks. They are almoft round, three quarters of an
Inch Diameter, fucculent, green with purple, and now and then curled
edges, and#{mooth, on the tops of the Branches area great many purple or
{carlet Flowers, fet clofe by one another in the fame Head, and after them

fucceed fo many brown, oblong, ftriated, and very rough Seeds.
It grows in gravelly Low Lands about the Town, and in moft gravelly
Soils in all the Plantations of the Ifland.
Hogs: feed on this Herb with much delight : whence ’tis gather’d, and
brought to them to their Styesto fatten them =
“> Qt se peter es ere Soe |

_ Ul. Valerianella alfines folio foandens, floribus pallide’ lateis Pyxidatis in Um-
belle modum difpofitis, femine afpero Cat. p. 91. An VPalerianella Caraffavica
femine afpero vifcofo > Herm. par. Bat. prod. p. 382. par. Bat.’ Plukenet. Phyt.
Tab. 133. Fig. 72 An Pfeudovaleriana Curaffavica femine afpero vifcofo. Bob.
Hift. Ox. part. 3. p.10§ 2 ag ;
The lower part of the main Stem of this Plant is as big as ones Arm,
having a furrowed white Bark. The Stalk takes hold of any Palifadoe or
Tree it comes near, and branches at the top, it rifing {even or eight
Foot high. The Branches are many, round, red or green; and ‘brittle,
hanging downwards: The Leaves come out at the joints, and are in eve;
thing like thofe of our greater fort of Chickweed. ©’ The tops of the Tiwigs
fend out feveral Raies or Foot-Stalks, as from their commion Center, like the
Unibellifere, fuftaining each one {mall, ereenifh yellow Flower, likea {mall
Cup, being round, undivided, and almoft like ‘Mufcus pyxidatus in: fhape.
After which comes a finall, long, brown Seed, almot like thofe of fonie

Ombellifere, growing la fro: esinni -and beings 2
little rough. § & tatger irom the beginning to the.top,-and being :

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 211

reser

a

— ——

it grows every where about Palifadocs, and among Shmbs in the Su-
‘VANKA S$.

is think every body will agree with me, ‘that this is rathe a Palerianella
than a Solanum bacciferum, notwithftanding Dr. Plukenet’s contrary Opi-
nion in his Afant. p. 173.

{ll Deatellaria Lychnivides fylvatica fcandens flore albo. ‘Cat...9r. Tab, y ra
£1g.1. Plumbago Americana viticulis longiovibus fempervirestibus ex Vora
Cruse. Hort. Reg. Flampton. Boburt. part. 3. Fift. Ox. p. 59%. An plumbago
( forte) Americana ex conjectura D.Sherard. Pluken. Phyt. Ta. 312. Fie. >
An Chilmecatl feu Tcha. Hern. p. 140. — :
The Stalks of this Plant are round, jointed, fhining, geen, wooddy,
crooked, rifing three or four Foot high, when its weak Banches are fup-
ported by Shrubs, among which it ufually grows. ‘The Leaves come out on
the Branches without any Foot-Stalks, being thin, {inootl, for the mo?
part roundifh, and about two Inches over, though fometims oblong, like
the Leaves of the commom Dentellaria. The tops of the branches are fer
with Flowers Spike-fafhion, without any Foot-Stalks, but joii’d to the
Stalk by a rough, or almoft prickly, vifcous, ftriated, green Dalyx, in which
is plac'd a white pentapetalous Flower, like the Flowers of tre Lychnis’ fylv.
Sflore albo, afcer which follows one large four-{quare, brown Seed, in a rough,
wifcid Capfula. m :

__ It grows it the Woods, or among Shrubs every where, ind very plenti-
sr on cach fide of the Road, between Paffage Fort, and St. Jaco de Is
Cra.

“IV. Admirabilis Pernana rubro flore. Cluf. rar. pl. hit. Cat. p. 91. Fallapa
flore purpureo. Tournefort. Inft. p. 129. The four a Clock Flower.

It is frequent every where in the Woods and Plantations that are often
watered with Rain, and ufually opens its Flower abour four a Clock,
we the name. It has in this Ifland, forthe moft part a {carlet or purple
Flowé?. (22:9 -n0 ket :

At Barbados 1 was told by a perfon knowing in thefe matters, that its
Root was Mechoacan or Falap ; but this I {uppofe came from its purging warcr,
which it does ficcefsfully, ‘and cures the Dropfie, as Pi/o relates.

The Flowers yield a tin@ture for painting Women withal. Pi(o.

Cortufxs hath found out that two Drams of the Root, doth very notably
purge waterifh humours. Clnf.

The Roots are moift and cold, wherefore they are eaten, and outwardly
applied to cool. Some fay the Root of that Kind, with varioufly colour’d
Flowers to two Drams, purges water. Hern.

The red Flower'd ones Seed fown brings always red Flowers, Cluf.

:- Plamier and Lignon, told Mr. Tournefort that the Falap of the Shops was
not»different from his Falapa Oftcinarum Fratta rnzofo.

“WV. Agrimonia lappacea inodora, folio [abrotundo dentato. Cat, p. 92.

‘This rifes to four or five Foot high, being divided into {everal fmaller
Branches towards the top, which are befet with fevetal Leaves without any
order, ‘ftanding’ on half an Inch long tough Foot-Stalks. They are almott
round, though a little pointed, with two Lacinie or finuations, being an Inch
long and three quarters of an Inch broad at Bafe, where broadeft, in-
dented round the edges, woolly, of a deep green colour above, and paler
below, having fome eminent Ribs going from the Center of the Foot-Stalk

through the Leaf. The Flowers ftand on the tops of the caer ne
SAL. pike,

So OR

212 The Natural Eiftory of ‘Jamaica.

Spike, are yellbw, the Perala being long and like thofe of our European
Agrimony, ony narrower. After thefe follow on a crooked Foot-Stalk,
{everal brown round Burs, thick fet with hooked prickles, {ticking to any
thing like the seeds of Agrimony.

Ir grows about the Town of St. Fago de la Vega, and in feveral other
places of this ‘fland. |

In my Cataogue I plac’d this amongft the Plants of the Kindred of the
Umbellifera, as moft of the beft Boranifts have done before me, fo that
Dr. Plukenet mizht have fay’d himfelf the trouble of his long Paragraph upon
this occafion ir p.112.and 113. of his Mantiffa.

VI. Cotyledos aquatica. Cat. p. 93. Ranunculo afinis umbelliferis accedens in
paluftribus foliopeltato repens Americana cy noftras. Pluken, Alm. p. 314. Vales
rianelle cognata folio cotyledonis, Herm. pars Bat. Cat. p. 13. Alydrocotyle Vul-
garis. Tonrnef. lnft. p. 328.

Out of every half Inch of a round, fmall Root, creeping under the fur-
face of the Eath, at the joints, are a great many very fmall hairy, blackifh
fibers, by whic the Plant is nourifhed, and from the fame places are fent up
the Leaves and Flowers Foot-Stalks, which are fometimes one, fometimes
more, round, greenifh, and four Inches long. The Leaves are round, thick,
finuated on the edges, fmooth, of an Inch Diameter, very green, their Foot-
Stalk entring intheir very Center, from whence fome Nerves are fent to the
Circumference. The Flowers fland clofe together round their Foot-Stalks
end. They are many, all near join’d to one another on almoft no Foot-
Stalks, and are of a greenifla colour. Ina fhort time appear the Seeds, be-
ing broad, of the fhape of Parfhep-Seeds, ftriated, and ftanding on Foor-
Stalks, taking their beginning from the great Foot-Stalks end, like the
Umbellifera.

I can obferve no difference between this and Cotyledon aquatica Foannis
Banh.

It grows in feveral places along the moift Banks of the Rio Cobre, in
ma Marihes or wet Grounds in the Caymanes, and other places of this
Ifland.

This Plant is fharp to the taft, and has been taken by fome of the Plan-
sr place of Scurvygrafs, by ufing its diftill’'d water as Spirit of Scurvy-

rafs
: It has fubtle and hot parts, pleafant and Aromatick to the taft. . Its chief
Vertues are in the Roots, which are opening. They open Obftructi-
ons of Liver and Reins, and help: a hot Conftitution, fo that no Remedy
is more proper. The juice of the green Leaves is efteem’d by the Inhabitants
a famous Antidote, andthey procure Vomit with it, as we do with the juice
of Afarabacca Leaves. Pifo.

It is us’ d to take away the marks called Os Figados by the Partugsefe,
which I fuppofe are Liver marks. Marcgr. |

Gerard {ays that it was called Sheeps Bane by the Husbandmen, for that it
kill'd the Sheep feeding on it, and therefore is angry with Apothecaries for
ufing it for Wall-Penniwort alledging it would be more pernicious to Men
than Sheep,

Lobel and Dod. tell us that they ufed it for Cotyledon in the Ung. Populn.
both for ignorance and want of the true Cotyledon.

_ It is fharp and exulcerating, therefore not to be ufed, or called Cotyledon,
but Ranunculus. Col. |

It iscalledWhite-Rot, becaufe it kills Sheep feeding on it. Park.

Cuap,

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 21

Cuap. XIif.
Of Plants that are rough leav'd, called Afperifoliz.

I. Eliotropium arboreum, maritimum, tomentofum, Gnaphalii Amert-
: cani foliis. Cat. p. 93
This rofe to a Man’s heighth, had a ftraight Stem or
Trunc, wooddy, firm, and folid, as big as ones thumb,
with a pretty large Pith, a Bark all covered over with
Down or Zomentum, {mooth and white. Towards the rop it had many
Branches going out on every Hand, which are very thick fet with a great
number of Leaves round them, being each of them three Inches long, and
not over an eighth part of an Inch broad near the round top, where broad-
eft, being at the beginning narrow, and increafing to that place. They are
fucculent, thick, and covered over with very much white Down, looking
fomething like the Leaves of the Gwaphalium <Americanum. The tops
are branched out into feveral Spikes of white Flowers, contorted like a
Scorpions Tail, or the eliotropes, to which in every thing they are
like.
It grew on a fandy Bay to the Eaftward of Bridgetown in Barbades, and
on the Sea fide between Paffage Fort and Old Harbour in Famaica.

WN. Heliotropium maritimum minus, folio glauco, flore albo. Cat. p. 94. Tab.
132. Fig. 3., Heliotropium Americanum minus glabrum folio angufto glauco
Breyn. prod.r. p. 55. Lleliotropinm Americanum procumbens facie sini umbili-
catt. Herm. par, Bat.p. 183. Heliotropium monofpermum Indicum procumbens
glaucophyllon floribus albis. Plukenet. Phyt. Tab. 36. Fig. 3. Almag.p. 182. An
Lotecy Xochiuh. Hernandez. p.432? Wild Sampier.

This has feveral three or four Inches long Roots, white, and when
united fending up three or four Branches of the fame.length. The Stalks
of it are round, green, juicy, and white, on the furface. The Leaves are
fer very thick in Tufts, fome f{maller, and others bigger, beinz an Inch
long, and a quarter of an Inch broad in the middle where broadeft, juicy,
pale green, covered over with a white Meal, glaucous, being like the
Leaves of Echium maritimum, P. B. or Cerinthe. Towards the tops of
the Branches ftand the Flowers. ‘They are many on the upperfide of the
Stalk, white, and turn’d like a Scorpions Tail, or thofe of the other
TLeliotropes.

It grows in Salt marfhy Grounds near the Sea-fide, by the Canoes, old
Harbour and Paffage Fort. 7 |

When I printed my Catalogue of Famaica Plants, I did not think Doétor
Plukenet had any where figured this Plant, neither fhould I now, (his figure
being not very exact) did he not fay fo in his Manriffa, p. 100. where he
blames me for taking the fynonimous names I have in my Catalogue from
his Phytographia, whereas he has none there but his own name, and one out
of Breynius’s fecond Prodromus, which was not then taken notice of by me;
and therefore is not mentioned.

IM. Heliotropium = Americanum cerulenm, folits hormini. Dodarts Cat. p. 94.

Wild Clary.

Lik The

214. The Natural Hiftfory of Jamaica.

The Stalk of this Plant is large, green, round, wooddy, crooked, and
rifes to a Foot high. The Branches are fmall, and hairy, {uftaining Leaves
juft like thofe of Clary, whence the name. The Flowers are many, pen-
tapetalous, of a pale blue colour, fet in a double row on the upperfide
of the Branches, and turn’d like a Scorpions Tail, like the other Fleliotropes.
After which follow feveral cornered, brown Seeds.

It_grows about the Town of St. Fago de la Vega very plentifully in Famaica,
and in the Caribe Mlands on dry Grounds. |

It is cleanfing, and having a confolidating quality, is good againft
Wounds and Ulcers; it is likewile good againft moft hot Cutaneous Dikates
Pifo.
i this be the Bena-patfia. Ht. M. the Authors of that Book fay that boil-
ed in Coconut-Oil, it cures the Difeafe called Pitao by drying, and is given ~
in the poyfonous bites of the great Fox Fakbalfen.

IV. Fieliotropium Caralfavicum hormini foliis anguftioribus. fort: Beaumont.
Cat p. 94.

This ae larger than the precedent, having Leaves on its Stalk, ufually
taking their original oppofiteto one another, being narrow at the beginning,
and pointed at theirends, not fo rough asthe precedent, nor blunt as it, ‘buc
more glabrous or f{mooth, TheSpikes fometimes come oppofite to the Leaves,
and are flenderer than thofe of the precedent.

It grew in one of the Caribes, where I foundit.

V. Heliotropium minus, Lithofpermi foliis. Cat. p. 95. Tab: rye tie. A.

This Plant refembles very much the Litholpermum arvenfe radice rubra. C.B.
only ‘tis fmaller. Ic hasa fimall ftraight root, dark brown colour’d, from
whence f{prings up one Stalk, three or four Inches high, divided into fo many
Branches, which are bowed or reflex’d like a Scorpions Tail, or the other
Fieliotropes. Khe Leaves come out alternatively, and are like thofe of
Grommil, only {maller. The Flowers are white, pentapetalous, and plac’d
like thole of the other Héliotropes. After which follow the Seeds. four be-
ing always together, each of which is almott triangular, of a dark ‘brown
colour, and irregular form. Hi SOE DEE 20
8 It grows very plentifully every where in the Town Savavnd’s “after

tie Se ' rae : ‘J

— aed eA

Cyap,

‘The Natural Fiiflory of Jamaica. 21

{eae BI:

Of Herbs commonly acconnied to have many naked Secds.

OR the Tribe of Mallows *tis very large, and to be divided here
into three diftin@ Divifions. The firft that of Mallows, where
the Seeds have fticking to them their outward membrane very
clofe. The other, or {econd, where this membrane is fomething

OO tr Jaxer, or a Follicle, which are properly call’d Alstila. The
third contains the Alce, where thefé Follicles are not disjoined as in the
others, but contiguous to one another. All thefe come near to the Multi-
filiquofe Tribe. 3

Mallows, according to fome, are properly roundith leav'd, Aleee thofe
whofe Leaves are cut, and .l/thee thofe whofe Leaves are hoary.

-

I. Malva arborea, folio rotundo, cortice in funes ductili, flore miniato maxis
mo liliaceo, Cat, p. 95. Tab. 134. Fig. 1,2,3 The Mahot or Mangrove-
AL Lee:

_ The Roots of this Tree are many, round, white, and long, entering the
furface of the Earth, and not running very deep Several Truncsasbig as
ones Thigh, rife up to about fifteen or twenty Foot high. Their outward
Bark is very white, and almoft fmooth, the inward is yellowith when freth,
and zed when dry, and then very tough, and ferves to make Ropes.

The Leaves ftand, at the ends of the Branches, on four Inches long Foot-
Stalks, being cordated, or almoft round, of about five Inches Diameter, a
little indented on the edges, foft, fmooth, of very dark. green colour, and
having the Veins apparent, running from the Foot-Stalks cnd, as from a
common Center, through-the feveral parts of the Leaf. The Flowers come
ourof the ends of the Twigs, flanding in a pentaphyllous, green, hoary
Capfula, they are pentapetalous, each of the Petala bse tne inches long,
and of a red colour, inclofing a red Peftle or Stylus of the fame length,
on which are many Stamina, the whole Flower looking like a red Lilly. Af
ter thefe follow brown Seeds, of the fhape, and placd like thofe of
Mallows, only much larger. Tab. 134. Fig.1. fhews the Leaf, Fiz. 2. the
Flower, and /ig.3. a piece of the inward Bark, whereof are made the
Ropes.

I grew in Colonel Bourden’s Plantation, as wellas in many of the inland
moift parts of this Ifland. | ,

‘Tis chiefly ufeful by its Bark, which is peel‘d off, and made into Ropes
of all forts, for the ufe of the Ifland.

~~“The Bark is taken off the Branches with Knives;~then--beat with a
Mallet ’till the firft grofs one be feparated from the fecond: of the more
gro{S is made Cords of the other Britches, for the Negroes and Slaves.
Cauche.

MN. Malva arborea maritima, folio (ubrotundo minore acuminato fubtus candido,
tortice in fumes dutili, flore luteo, Cat. p.93. Tab. 134. Fig. 4. Mahauly-de
_ Bouton. p. 68. An Ampoufoutchi-de Flacourt, p. t44? Malva arborea Indica,
~ abutili foliis argentea, {ub externo cortice tenediophoros, ¢» frmmis ramis radi-
cofa. Pluk. Mant.p.75. An Arbor Americana Tanidiophoros, vittas GF tanio-
las plurimas tramofericas feinvicem incumbentes, longitudinaliter {ub externo
cortice ferens. Ejufd. Alm. p. 41. 2Mahot of Ogilhy. Amer. p.348. & 377:

aho-

ee em

216 The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

Maho-Trec, or Shrub of Dampier, cap. 3. The Sea Mahot or Mangroye-
Tree.

’Tis the fame in every refpect with the former, only the Leaves zre {mal-
ler, of a whiter green colour, and a little pointed. The underfide being
very white. The Flowers are of {the fame fhape but yellow, and the Seeds
are the fame.

It grows by the Sea-fide near Captain Draxe’s Plantation, in the North
fide of the Ifland in St. Avns, very plentifully.

The Bark is of che fame ufe with the former.

The Ropes made of the Bark of this Tree, are ufed to tye the Human
Bodies they in Brafile defign to kill for Sacrifices. Lery Linfcbot.

The Leaves and Flower feed great Lizards. Its Bark is ufed for Tobacco
in rolling it; for Matches for the Spaniards, and for fowing the Reeds toge-
ther for the Houfesto coverthem. Tertre.

In our return to the North Sea, we cut and made Piperies or Floats
of four or five of thefe Truncs, being light and floating; after barking
they being tied together with wild Withs inftead of Cords, two or three,
or more of them, according to the bignefs of the Pipery. Raveneau de
Luffan.

iy Doctor Plukenct fhould call this fussmis ramis radicofa 1 know not.

Ill. Malva arborea, folio oblongo acuminato, veluto, dentato & leviter finuato,
lore ex rubro flavefcente. Cat. p.95. Tab. 135. Fig. 1.

This rifes to about twelve foot high, having a woody Trunc, and feveral
Branches, whofe Twigs are hairy, and have fome few Leaves fer: alterna-
tively, at about an Inches diftance towards their ends, each being placed
onan Inch and an half long Foot-Stalks, they are about four Inches long,
and near as broad near the round Bafe where broade{t, and whence they
decreafe, ending ina point, being very foft, woolly, and having fome flight
finuations, as well as indentures about the edges, and feveral Ribs running
through the Leaf, taking their Original from the Foot-Stalks end, as from
acommon Center, being much more pointed than either of the foregoing.
£x alis folicrum towards the top comes out the Flowers, ftanding on
Jarge hirfute five Inches long Foot-Stalks, in a Calyx made up of many
Foliola in two Series’s,the outward Series being the narroweft. Within this
is a large Flower, of a yellowifh Carnation colour, like in every thing
to the others of this Kind. After which follows large brown Seeds,
placed like thofe of Mallows, to which they are very like in every thing,
only larger. ;

It grew on the Red Hills over againft Mr. Batchelor’s Houfe very plen-
tifully.

IV. Malva arborea, folio oblongo, acuminate, glabro, dentato. Cat.p.¢6. Tab.
136. Fig. 1.

This had feveral wooddy Branches, with a {mooth afh-coloured Bark,
white Wood, and large Pith. The Leaves came out on the ends of the
Twigs, being fet on two or three Inches long Foot-Stalks, longer than the
precedent, and not fo broad; ferrated, but not finuated about the edges,
being {mooth, and not hairy or hirfute as that, but in every thing elfe very
like it. The Flowers come at top ex alis foliorum, They are leffer, as is

alfo the Seed, both ftanding in a fmaller Calyx, and on a flenderer, as well
as fhorter Foot-Stalk.

It grew in Famaica.

The

the Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

ee a ee mg

217

Bay

V. Malva afpera major aquatica, ex hortenfium few rofearum genere, flore minor:
Tateo, feccine aculeato. Cat. p. 96. Tab. 137. Fig. 1.

This Plane rifes to about four Foot high, having one upright, ftrong,
round, green Staik, with a very rough, or almoft prickly hair on it, with
Leaves and Branches coming out every Jnch and half without any order.
They are like thofe of the Holyoks or Lappa minor, of a frefh grecn colour,
{mooth, almoft round, being four Inches long, three and an half broad, an-
gular, having two or three points, finuated, and indented about the edges,
and ftanding on large Inch long Foot-Stalks. Ex alis foliorum, onthe fame
rough one quarter of an Inch long hairy Foot-Stalk, ftand feveral Flowers,
having each one green, ecard, rough Leaf under it. The Flower is made up
of five large yellow Petala, with yellow Stamina in the middle. After the
Flowers follow five or feven triangular, whitifh brown colour'd Sceds, be-
ing pointed on the under part, and round in the upper, plac’d like thofe
of the Mallows, inclos’d in a fmall Ca/yx, and having that ear’d Leaf,
formerly defcribed with the Flowers, now turn’d brown, for their cover.

It grows in watry places of the Savanna’s, and by the River fides in Fu-
maica, and the Caribes. | axl

If this be that defcribed by Péfo he us’d the Leaves of it in Clyfters, as
the European Althea, and found no difference.

Any body who perufes the Defcription of this Plant, and looks on its
Figure, and compares them with the Figure of Althea abutili foliis, frudtn
bilpido Americana Plaken. Alm. p25. Phyt. Tab. 132. Fig. 5. will not (with
Dr. Plokenet, p. 10. of his Mantiffa) think they may be the fame.

VI, Malva minor fupina betonica folio, flore coccineo, feminibus afperis. Cat.,p.
96. Zab. 137. Fig.2.

This has a long whitifh Root, very deeply fixed in the Ground, drawing
Nourifhment to the Plant by many fibres. The Stalks are roand, tough,
wooddy, whitifh, and {pread on the furface of the Earth, round the top of
the Root, as from the {ame Center, fora Foot in Diameter. The Leaves
come out along the Stalks here and there, though in greater abundance at
the Stalksends, feveral being there together,, They ftand on’one third: part
of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are half an Inch long, and one quarcer broad,
ferrated about the edges, and of a dark green colour. The Flowers come
out of the cnds of the Stalks three or four together, they are pentaperalous,
and of apurplifh red colour, and after thefe follow {cveral Seeds, fet round a
common Center, like thofe of this Kind, included in fome hai capfular
Leaves, each Sced being almoft triangular, and having its outfide made
rough with feveral {mall whicifh prickles.
. ft grows in the dry piacere the ‘Town Savannas, and Flowers after Rains.

The Defcription and Figure of this Plant thew it to be very differeht. from
the .dlcca pufilia fupina geranii exigui maritimi folio, ¢yc.\ Plukens Alm p: “14.
Phyt. Tab. 132. Fig. 4. ring j serel bar booW a5).5-

VIL DMalva minor ereits betonica folio, flore \luteo; femine Auplici roftro fen
aceite predito, Cat. p. 96. Malva Indica foliis fubrotundis. Ti ournef. Inft.
$95, on. ial
.. The Root of this is ftronger, and every way larger than the former, the
Branches more woody and erect, of a darker brown colour, tifing’a Foot
high, the Leaves are broader at bottom, dceplier ferrated, and for. the mott
part purple about the edges, fomething like Betony Leaves, the Flowers
are.of an Orange colour, but in every thing elfe ic agrees with the former,

having

“SAB The Native Hiftory of Jamaica.

having two prickles on the ends of the outermoft Coat of the Seeds, which
lies like the othersof this Kind ina pentaphyllous Calyx,

It grows with the precedent, and in the Caribes.

The whole Plant boiled in water is Diuretick. The Root powdered, and
taken with Pepper takes away the cold Fever, and from it is made an Oil.

Fi. M.

a

VIN. Malva erecta minor, carpini folio, flore luteo, feminibus fingnlis fimplici
aculeo longiori donatis. Cat.p. 96. An Alcea Carpini folio Americana frutefcens,
flofculis luteis, fersine duplici roftro donato. Commelin. hort. Amft.p.3 2 Malva
ulmifolia femine roftrato. Tournef. El.p. 81. Inft.p. 96.

The Roots of this arethe fame with the former, as are the Stalks. The
Leaves have a quarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are deeplier ferrated,
larger, of a frefher green colour, and fhap’d like the Leaves of the Horn-
Beam-Tree, or Goofeberries. The Flowers are yellow, and like the others,
only larger. The Seeds aremore in number, and each has a fingle long
prickle going out of one of its ends.

It grows with the two foregoing Kinds, and in the Caribes.

IX. Althea flore luteo. Cat. p. 96. Tab. 136. Fig. 2-

This grew to about three. or four Foot high, the Stalks being round,
rough, hoary, having feveral Branches befet with Leaves cordated, or of
the fhape of a Heart, ferrated, fomething like the Leaves of our Marth-
mallows, but rounder, without finuations. They ftood on an Inch long
Foot-Stalk, were very foft like Sattin, of a yellowith green colour. To-
wards the top ex alis foliorym came the Flowers ftanding in a green {at-
tind pentaphyllous Cup/wla, being pentapetalous, and Orange colour'd, as
the other Al/thee, to which this is very like in Face, Stature, and other
particulars,

It grew on the fandy Sea Banks, near Old Harbour very plentifully.

This differs extreamly from the following Plant notwithftanding Doétor
Plukenct makes them the fame in his Mantiffa, p. 9.

X. Malva Americana, abutili folio, flore luteo, [picato, foliis hirfutioribus C
crafforitus. Flerm. par. Bat. prod, Cat. Fam. p. 97.

1 found this by the Road fides going to Guanaboa in Famaica. Breynius
had it from Curagao. ,

XI. Althea {picata, betonica folio villofiffime, Cat. p.97. Tab. 138. Fig.t:

This rifes to about three Foot high with a woody Stalk, cornered, very
rough, covered with a dark brown Bark, on which, towards the top, was
much Wooll or Down. On this, at about an Inches diftance from one ano-
ther, come the Leaves alternatively, on oppofite fides of the Stalks ftanding
on one third part of an Inch long very hairy Foot-Stalks, each of them
being about an Inch dnd an half long, and about an Inch broad at round
Bafe, where broadeft, and whence they grew narrower to their round ends,
being ferrated about the edges, and covered all over with a long yellowifh
hair, making the Leaf look of a dirty green colour. Towards the top,
ex alis foliorum, come out the Flowers which are plac’d like thofe of the
Plante Verticillate round the Stalk, or rather moft on one fide, each of them
being inclofed at bottom by {mall Leaves, rough, and very hairy, making
a Calyx.

t fouiid it on Mount Diablo in the middle of the Ifland.

XIT. Althea

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 219

a

Xil. Althea {picata betonice folio, flore luteo, habitiori (pica, Cat. p.97. Tab.
138. Fig. 4.
sys has a three or four Inches long deep Root, fending up a pale green
Stalk two or three Foot high, branclyd out into feveral Branches, and Twigs
which are befer at three quarters of an Inches diftance, with Leaves almoft
round, not fo long as the precedent, ftanding on three quarters of an inch
long Foot-Stalk, They arean Inch and a quarter long, and three quarters
of an Inch broad at roundifh Bafe, where broadeft, indented about the edges,
of a pale green colour, and {mooth. The tops of the Twigs and Branches
for an Inches length, are thick fet {pike fafhion, wirh Orange colour’d
Flowers {tanding in five leaved Calyces, which are very hirfute. After them
follow a great many brown Seeds, in fituation, fhape, cc. like thofe of thé
other Mallows. bo
“Tis very common in clear’d, barren, rocky Lands.

XII. Abstilon arboreum {picatum, betonice folio incano, flore minore purpurco.
Cat. 2.97. Tab. 138. Fig. 2, 3... AR nid ene oblongo mucronato
glanco folio profunde venofo margine undulato crifpo. Pluken. Alm p.r52 Tab.
259. Fig.62 Vel Ricinus ( forte) althea folio Famaicenfis glauco profunde venofo
margine undulate crifpo, Eju{d. ib Alm, p. 321.2 vel betonica arbore{cens Made-
rafpatana villofis fcliis profunde venofis. Ejufd. tb. Tab.1502. Fig. 5; & 6?
Fel. Althea Famaicenfis, arborea, foliis oblongis mucronatis glabris floribus amene
rubellis, Ejufd. Tab. 259. Fig.3? Malva vere crucis frute{cens incana bir{uta.
flore parvo caruleo purpurco Herm. par. Bat. pr. p. 350.

This Tree rifeth eo about ten Foot high, by a Trunc as big as ones Leg,
covered with an almoft {mooth, reddifh Bark. It has feveral Branches to-
wards the top, equally {pread on every hand, whofe Twigs have at their ends:
feveral Leaves ftanding on an eighth part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks,.. They,
are three quarters of an Inch long, one third part of an Inch broad, near
the Bafe, where round and broadeft, {nipt about the edges and white, or
of a very pale green colour, and pointed. Ex alis foliorum, on rhe tops,
of the Branches, ftand feveral pentapetalous purple coloured Flowers fet
racematim in Branches or Spikes, about yellow Stamina, in a. few. green Cap-
{ular Leaves. After which follow Seeds in. Heads. juftlike thofe.of the Al-
cee arboree, each Seed being lodged in a diftin@ Cell, five of thefe making
up the Seed-Veffel, each of the five being pointed, and having two Ale
extantes.

It grows in feveral wooddy places about the Town. |

There is a variety of this, which is larger in its Leaves, and not fo

white above as below.

XIV. Abutilon fruticolum, foliis fubrotundis ferratis, floribys albis. pemtape-
talis ad alas foliorum conglomeratis, Cat. .p.97. Tab, 135+ Fig. req Am Malva
Americana, ulmifolia, floribus conglobatis ad foliorum alas, Plum. Tournef.. Inf.
. 96? fit : :
: This Shrub rifeth to about five Foot high, by.a round Stem, covered with
a brown {mooth Bark, it has feveral long Branches, having Leaves going
out at uncertain intervalsfrom the oppofite fides alternatively, . They ttand
on one third pare of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are an Inch and an half
long, and half as broad, are round at the beginning, and broadeft very near
the Foot-Stalks end, and from thence grow lefsto the end.. They are thin,
of a very green colour, and have Ribscon{picuous through the whole Leaf,
{taooth, and cut about the edges like Nettle Leaves. Ex alis foliorum come

the Flowers, being feveral, ftandinig in a knot almoft round the Stem, abs
thofe

eee _

220 ‘The Natural Hifor'y of ‘Jamaica.

thofe of verticillated Plants, without Foort-Stalks. They fland in a reddifh
Calyx, are pentapetalous, and of a whitifh colour. After thefe follow {e-
veral roundifh Heads, each being made up of five Follicles or Cells, ftand-
ing clofe by one another, in each of which is lodged a finall irregularly
figur’d triangular black Seed. |

It grows round the Town amongft the Savazva Buihes, and in the
Caribes.

This feems to be quite different from the Malva orientalis elatior, Gc.
Plukenct. thyt. Tab. 44. Fig. 5. though the Doctor, p. 10. of his Mantiffa
thinks ic may be the fame.

XV. Alutilon herbaceum procumbens, betonice folio, flore purpureo. Cat. p.97.
Tab.139. Figet.

This has wooddy, tough, round, red Stalks, two Foot long, fpread, and
lying on all fides, on the {urface of the Ground, having many Branches, fer
with very few Leaves, on one quarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They
are an Inch long, one quarter of an Inch broad, at round Bafe, where broad-
eft, and whence they diminiih till they endin a point, being {mooth, a lic.
tle indented about the edges, having feveral Veins on the backfide, and
fomewhat refembling Betony Leaves. The Flowers ftand on the ends of
the Branches, they are purple with yellow S¢zmina in the middle, like thofe
of other Mallows. After cach of thefe follows a five pointed pyramidal
Capfala, in which are five Cells, in each of which lies a cornered, fimall,
brown Seed.

It grew in gravelly low Ground near Mr. Batchelor’s Houfe.

The Defeription and Figure of this Platit fhew it to be very different
from the Alcea pufilla fupina geranii exigui maritimi folio, Gc. Plakenct Alm.
p. 14. Phyt. Tab.132. Fig. 4. though in p.6. of the Dottor’s Muntiffc he
thinks it may be this. :

XVI. Abatilo afinis arbor althee folio, cnjus frucins eff ftyli apex auétus,
quatuor vel quingue filiquis hirfutis, funis ad inftar in foiram convolutis, conftams.
Cut. p. 97.

This Tree is about fifteen Foot high, has a Trunc as large as ones Leg, a
fmooth white Bark, and is leaning or inclining towards the Ground. Its
Leaves are two Inches and an half long, and one Inch and three quarters
over ftom a found btoad Bafe, ending i1a point fhipt, or ferrated about the
edges, having feveral pretty high Ribs on its under fide, being foft, of a
yellowith green colour, ‘downy, and like Althea Leaves. At the topsof the
Branches come the Flowers, ftatiding itt a tough green Cube, they are white,
ftanding like thofe of the Digztales, only {maller, out of the Center of which
comes a long Stylus or String,having a roundith hirfute Button at the end, which
augments and becomes its Fruit, and confifts of four or five round, {imall,
brown Silique, Ropes, or rather long Follicles, hairy, dark brown colour’d,
very hard wreath’d, or roll‘d fpirally one by another, and containing with-
in them great plenty of round, brown Seed, which falls out of the end
of each of thefe Pods, Follicles, or Ropes, which open themfelves for chat
purpofe. |
_ It grows near Mr. Batchelor’s Plantation, on the Red Hills‘ every where
on the Road to Gaanatoa, and other places of this Ifland.

The Leaves are us'd in Deco¢tions for Clyfters with Oil and Sale; as
thofe of Mallows. :

It feems rather to belong to this Tribe, chan to the Siliquofe one, be-
vaufe the Follicles of .4¢utilon, differ only in fhape from thefe.

It

—

Lhe Natural Fiiftory of Jamaica. 221

It has in the juice of the Root great vertues in the Fmpyema, and Sto-
mach Difeafes. The Root applied outwardly in Meafles, Whitlows, and
other fuch like Difeafes, is very good. HY. @.

_ XVIL Alcea Arborea althee folio, florum petalis luteis, deorfum reflexis. Cat.
p. 97. Tab. 140. Fig. 1, 2, 3.

This Shrub or Tree rifes to feven or eight Foot high, the Stalks being co-
vered with a whitifh Bark, having Leaves alternatively, {tanding on two Inches
long white Foot-Stalks. They are an Inch and an half long, and an Inch
broad near the Foot-Stalks end, or at Bafe, where broadeft and round. The
Nerves run through the Leaf from the Center of the Foot-Stalk. They are
foft, and of a whitifh brown colour, much whiter underneath than above,
and like the Leaves of Marfh-mallows. The tops of the Branches are di-
vided into feveral Stalks, fuftaining cach a yellow pentapetalous Flower,
the Petala being bow’d back, {eemingly not divided, having under them five
green whitifh, foft, capfular Leaves. After thefe follow Seeds lying in {e-
veral flat, broad, comprefs'd Follicles, ending fharp, joined to one another,
making up the fame round Head, having many Cells, in every thing ex-
actly like the others of this Kind, there lying in each of the Cells fome
large, woolly, gray Seeds.

It grows about Colonel Fuller's Houfe, on a fmall rocky Hill near Black-
River-Bride in St. Dorothy's. :

The Flowers of this are very yellow, and not at all purple, fo that it
cannot be (as Dr. Plukenct doubts in his Mantiffa p.10.) Althea betonice folio
Villofo floribus ex luteo purpurafcentibus deorfum reflexis ad oras Coromandel,

XVIII. Alcea fruticofa aquatica, folio cordato, {cabro, flore pallide lutco. Cat.
p. 97. Lab.139. Fiz.r.

This Shrub has Roots made up of feveral long, and very white fibrils like
Thread, hanging down into the Water or Earth. The Stalks or Stems are
many, about the bignefS of ones Finger, ftraight, five Foot high, covered
with a white fmooth Bark. The Twigsare feveral, and fer abour, towards
their ends, with cordated Leaves, ftanding on an Inch and an half long
Foot-Stalks. They are two Inches long, and one and an half broad, near
the round Bafe, where broadeft, ending in a point, are indented here and
there about the edges, of a yellowifh green colour, harfh, and having Veins
going from the Center of the Foot-Stalk through the Leaf. The Flowers
ftand {pike-fafhion, fet round onthe tops of the Branches, for four Inches of
their length, each being half an Inch diftantfrom another, and {tanding
on three quarters of an Inch long Foor-Stalk, having five pale yellow, half an
Inch long Petala, with purple Veins, a large Peftle like Stylus, with Stamina
on it, all within five green capfular Leaves, under which are twice as many
more, very narrow Leaves, of the fame make. The Seeds follow, being
five, contained each in his Cell. The Capfula is large, five cornered,
roundifh, having at every corner an obtufe Apex, as in fome others of this
Kind.

It grows on each fide of the Sale River, in Cabbage-Tree-Bottom very
plentifully, and in {ome places on the Frefh River going up to the Laguna.

Any perfon who compares the Defcription and Figure of this, with chat
of Althea Indica latiori folio cordiformi ad [ummum finuato Pluken. Alm, p.26.
Phyt. Tab. 9. Fig. 2+ will find them very different, though the Doctor, p. ro.
of his Mantif[a, thinks they may be the fame.

> ak | XIX. Alcea

rae
=a

222 The Natural Eiftory of Jamaica.

—

XIX. Alcea populi folio incano integro. Cat. p. 98. Tab.'39. Fig. 3, Alcea
Famaicenfis, abutili facie, floribus exiguis flavis, folio vix crenato, prona parte
mnolli ce» tenuiffima lanugine canefcente. Pluken. Alm.p.17. Phyt. Tab. 254. Fig.5.

This has a brown, wooddy, branched Root, a round, wooddy, {mooth,
brown Stalk, three Foot high, from whence come feveral Branches, having
towards their ends Leaves and Flowers ex corum ala. The Leaves ftand on
one quarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are extremely white, and foft
with Down, an Inch and an half long, and half as broad at the round Bafe,
where broadeft, and whence they diminifh till they end ina point. The
Flowers ftand on halt an Inch long Foot-Stalks, are pentapetalous, and of
an Orange colour. After each of thefe follows a Seed-Veflel, made up of
five parts, like to thefe of #raxinella, in each of which are contained Seeds,
very like the Seeds or Acini of Grapes, which leap out of the open’d Capfule
by the Suns heat.

fc grows every where in the Savanna's.

There is a variety of this having the Leaf longer, broader at Bafe, not fo
woolly onthe upperfide, and fewer Flowers, growing indifferently with the
precedent.

XX. Alcea populi folio villofo, leviter ferrato. Cat. p. 98. Fab.r 39. Fig. 4.

This has many green round Stems, rifing two or three Foot high, having fe-
veral Twigs, on theends of which-are two or three Leaves, ftanding on‘near
an Inch long green-Foot-Stalks. They are near an Inch long, and half as broad
at round Bafe, where broadeft, of agreen colour, foft, hoary, finuated, and
{nipt about the edges, ending in a point, having feveral Veins running
through it from the end of the Foot-Stalk, and fome from the middle Rib.
Ex alis foliorum comes the Flower, ftanding on three quarters of an Inch
Jong Foot-Stalk. It ftands in a pentaphyllous Ca/yx, is pentapetalous,
Orange colour’d, and after it follows a fix cornered Seed-Veffel, firft green,
and then brown, or rather fo many Follicles lying by one another, and in-
clofing the Seed like the Alutila,

It grows. in feveral places of this Ifland.

MXI. Aleca maxima, malve rofee folio, fructn pentagono, recurvo, efculento,
graciliore c longiore. Cat. p. ¢8. Tab. 133- Fig. 2. Alcea Indica Quigombo &
Ochroa ditta, filiguis prelongis planis quinquefariam divifis, ex infula Barbadenft.
Pluken. Alm. p. 16. An Ketmia Atgyptiaca, vitis folio, parvo flore. Tournef.
El. p.832 Injt. p. 1002 vel An Ketmia Indica vitis folio, fruétu corniculato.
£j.ib. Bammia Calceolar. Mafi p. 520 > Oera. | ales

This has a round green Stem, which +ifes ftraight up to ten or twelve
Foot high, being here and there divided into Branches, which are befet with-
outany order, at about an Inches diftance, with Leaves {landing on feven
Inches long Foot-Stalks, each whereof is divided by deep: Lacinie into five
Se&tions or Divifions, being fix Inches long from the Foot-Stalks end, to
the end of that divifion oppofite to it, or inthe middle, whichis the largeft,
and four broad at Bafe, from Ear to Ear. They are fomewhat rough, of a dark.
green colour, befer with fhort inoffenfive Prickles, having five middle: Ribs, -
taking beginning from the Foot-Stalks end, and running through: every of
the five divifions, being proportionably large to their bignefs, and the whole’
Leaf refembling thofe of our Holyokes. “The Leaves when: they: fall‘ off
leave a white knob on the Stalk. x alis- foliorum come the Flowers; ftand-’
ing on an cighth part of an Inch long Foot-Stalk, having nine Inches and am
half long, narrow, hoary Capfular Leaves, and one large green one, ftand-
ing about a round, fmooth, green knob. The Petalaare five, large as ce

(@} “

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 222

of a Rofe, yellow, witha purple bottom, in the middle of which is an half
Inch long Stylus of the fame colour, rough, and having a purple {por on its
top. After thefe follows a three Inches long, crooked, green Pyramidal Pod,
not fo big at bottom as ones thumb, having five Ridges or Eminencies to-
wards the top, a little rough, when ripe growing brown, and containing in
ten feveral Cells, fo many rowsof Seeds, eachof which is of the fhape, ¢c.
of Mallows, only much larger. |

I fee no reafon why I might not have doubted.in my Catalogue of Famaica
Plants, whether this was not taken notice of by Writers before me, notwith-
{landing what is faid by Dr. Plukenet in his MantifCa, p. 7.

XXIf. Alcea maxima, malve rofee folio, fructu decagono, recto, craffiore, bre-
viore, efculento. Cat. p.98. Tab.133. Fig.3. Alcea Brafiliana fructu maxime
pyramidali fulcato. Plukenet. Alm. p.¥6. An filiqua magna decagona fen multi-
caplularis althee finenfis. Morif. Fig> Alcea Americana annua, flore albo maximo
fruit maximo pyramidali. Commel. hort. Amft.p. 37.

This'is the farie: in every thing with the former, only the Stalks of it are
not fo:green, being reddifh. The Pod is not over two Inches long, and at
bottom, being pyramidal, is of an Inch Diameter, and’ has ten ridges on
its: furface, containing, in a’ great many Cells, Seeds like the former.

If this-be not the fame, “tis very near to the Atlatzopillin frve aquofa herba
Appen{s of Fernandes.

They are'both (diz. the former and this) very carefully planted by Euro-

peans, as well as: Slaves in their Gardens, and the unripe Pods, which are in
ule, are common in Markets.
_ /TEhe Pods of both are gathered when green, and before ripe, and being
cut into’ thin tranfverle flices are boil’d with Pottages, Oglio’s, and Pepper
Pots;-and: are thought to be extreamly Nourifhing, and very Venereal, be-
ing very vifcous or mucilaginous. They are fo ufed in £gypt, as fays
Veflingius. 7

Phe Leaves aré‘us’d' after the fame manner, for the fame purpofes. —

The tender Pruic'is‘boil'd,; and eat with Oil: Salt, and Pepper. Marcer.

The Egyptians ufe the Seeds as Beans, Peafe, and other Legumina, in Vi-
CGtuals:; The Leaves and Fruit are cold and moift in the firft Degree, re-
folving and emollient, they ate good fot the Breaft and Lungs, and loofning
tothe Belly, applied as a Fomentation or Plaifter. They refolve Inflammations,
eafé Pains, foften ‘Tumours, ripening them, Women ufe them the fame ways,
and in Baths for hardnefs of the Uterus. A Decoction with white Sugar,
taken by the Mouth is very good in Inflammation of the Kidnies and Stone,
ufed for fome days. It is good in Decodtion againft Ophthalmia, ufed as a
Collyrium, and with it in Pleurifies they foment the affected Side. Alp.

It is ufed to promote Venery. Ce/falp.

Te came from Ethiopia, or the Capeof Good Hope. Cluf.

XXII: Alcea'hirfura flavo flore'cy femine mofchato: Maregr. Cat. p.98.

This is ‘well 'defcriv'd and figur'd by Pi/o; ahd is to be found in every
Plantation, every'Seed dropt thriving very well in any Soil, efpecially ftony.
Te“is ‘much moré' finwated than that of C. B- cc. in the Leaves.

The Seeds are gathered by Children, and made into Beads, being coveted
becaufe of their {mell.

Drugfters ufually adulterate Musk with thefe, which Sophiftication is
known by its fmall continuance. The Leaves are ufed as thofe of Mallows
in Fomentations and Clyfters, being of the fame quality, \Péfo.

Young, green Locufts, covetthefe young Leaves very much, Marcgr.

The

ce ee rennet mene ump cag

ely anew owen eee

rap Vana 2 Natural Ehiflory of Jamaica.

The Seed is counted Cordial, and powdered with Coffce, is good for the
Stomach, Head and Heart, Vefling. and is therefore given in Palpitations of

the Heart, powdered to a Dram. 4/p. ae
It is in great price, and ufed by the Egyptias Women in Baths, but to
what purpofe they will not reveal to Chrittians. Bell. ap J. BL .
The Confectioners in France ufe the Seed to give a good {mell to their

Comfits. TZertre.

XXIV. Alcea acetofa, trifido folio India orientalis. Breyn. prod. Cat. p. 99,
Alcea Acetofa Indica goffypii folio pericarpio coccinei colorts, capficé filiquam amin
lante. Plukenct. Alm. p.15+ An fair Indorum Oxalis Cannabina fruticofa frudéss
coccinea coronato. Triumf. MSS. Cupan. Hort. Cathol. p.194. Ketmia Indica,
golfypit folio, acetofe fapore. Tournef: Inft. p. 100. French Sorrel.

This rifes higher thana Man, it has athick round Stalk, covered with a
red Bark, with a Pith within it, and a great number of Branches coming
out onall fides, without any order, three or four Foot long, having Leaves
{tanding on red, Inch long Foot-Stalks, being about three Inches long, and
two broad at the Bafe, and divided into three great Lacinie, cach of which
has a Rib going from the Center through the Leaf, which are all red, they
are alfo indented, about the edges green, the whole Plant having a fowr
taft like Sorrel, whence thename. Fx alis foliorum come the Flowers ftand-
ing on fhort Foot-Stalks, of a greenifh yellow colour, with purple in the
bottom, large, and pentapetalous, with Stylus and Stamina, as in this Kind,
{landing within five Capfular, red, fmall, long Leaves, inclofed by twice as
many narrower of the fame fort, being very red and thick. “When the
Flowers fall off there follows a membranaceous, oblong, round, five cor-
nered, pointed, fharp Cupfula, in which are five Cells, containing {fo many
rows of roundifh, comprefs'd, light, brown Sceds, like thofe of Mallows,
only much larger.

It is planted in moft Gardens of this Ifland.

The Capfular Leaves are made ufe of for making Tarts, Gellies, and
ee to be ufed in Fevers, and hot Diftempers, to allay Heat, and quench
Thirft.

The Root given to two Drams, purges eafily the Stomach and Guts.
flernandez. Whofe Defcription agrees, the Stature excepted, but his Figure
is very faulty. |

The firft Leaves are fometimes whole, commonly divided into three L.ci-
wiz, and fometimes like Elleboraftrum, into {even Sections.

The Leaves either alone, or boiled with other Herbs, are eaten by Jz-
dians. The Stalks are, as Hemp with us, {pun into Ropes and Yarn,
therefore fet in their Fields and Gardens. Herm,

XXV. Caryophyllata foliis alatis. Cat. p. 99. Caryophyllata Campeftris elatior
Brafiliana folits acuminatis. Pluk. Almag. p.87.

This is well defcrib’d and figur'd by Pifo, fo that there ‘needs no more
be faid of it, but that ’tis very common in the Woods of this Ifland.

It is very Hot and Dry, it attenuates, Cuts, Cleanfes and is Adftringent,

and therefore is not only good to corroborate the Bowels, but likewife to
cut tough Humours. Pi(o, :

Cuar.

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. 22 5

Cuar. XV.
Of Flerbs that are Bacciferous or Pomiferous.

I, Uscurbita longa folio moi, flore alto. J. B. Cat. p. 100. Cue

curbita longa. Mu[. Swamm. p.13. Gourds, whereof they make

Conferves of an Avnonymus Portugal of Brafilt, Parchas, lib. 7.

cap.¥. p. 139. The {weet Gourd. .

I could not obferve any difference between the Plant I faw

here in Gardens, and thofe in Europe, only they feem’d to be larger, and
had a whitifh Skin, which is only, I fuppofe, an accidental variety.

It was planted by Mrs Aylmer in her Garden at Guanaloa.

The Pulp of chis is edible and cooling, whercas that of moft of the
other Gourds growing here is very purgative.

This is what the Jews, Spaniards, and Portugaese make into Sweet Meats,
in the Ifland of s/ader2 and elfewhere.

— If crude it is nor grateful to the Stomach.

Applied to the Head by way of PouitefS, it cures inflammations of the
Eyes, and pains thercof. The Seeds are Diuretick and made into Emul(i-
ons temper the Urin, taking off its Acrimony.

Bodaus a Stapel cells us that he had one of thefe Gourds which came
from Indian Sced, as large as a Human Body.

This is cut into long flices, and candied with Sugar by the Spaniards and
Portugu:(2, and {ent into the North to fell, it is call'd Carbafade, and is
very delightful to Dry or Feverifh People. Zod.

The Seed of this is one of the four greater cold Seeds.

It is eat with Onions boil'd after the manner of Coleworts, being good
for Lean People. The diftilled Water is good in Fevers. Lon.

Children in Fevers are cured, if one of thefe, as long as themfelves, be
put to Bed tothem. Dod,

Being of no taft they imbibe any. Lac.

S

The long, round, and comprefs'd Gourds come of the fame Seed from
different parts of the Fruit. Duraat.

Il. Cucurbita (pherica maxima. Cat. p. 100. The largeft round Gourd.

In Leaves, ec. it agrees with the white, long, {weet Gourd, only the
Shell is yellow, or Cinamon coloured, hard, {mooth, fhining, having a bit-
ter Pulp withln it, and {maller and darker coloured Seeds. One of them
is able to contain many Gallons of Melaflus, gc. for which they are us’d
inftead of Bottles.

ihe Shell gives a purging quality to any ching infufed in it for fome
times.

They are planted on ftony Hills.

_ They are fo large, that cut in two they make Panniers to carry any thing
in. Acoffa. And others are leffer for eating and drinking in.

Il. Cucurbita tertia few lagenaria, flore albo, folio molli. C. B. Cat. p» 100.
An Kabach, cucwrbita lagenaria Herbar. Olear. p. 23% 2

This grows with the former likewife.

This is falfly taken for Colocynthis though it Purges, and gives that qua-
lity to any Liquor ftanding in its Shell. :

M m m The

aoe

226 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

The Genouefe cut them into long flices, dry them in the Sun, keeping them
{weet with alittle Sugar. Lugd.

IV. Cucurbita lagenaria minima, collo longo recurvo. Cat. p.r0%. Tab. U4E.
Sons is like the others, only the round part is no bigger than a ‘Tennis
Ball, the Neck being four Inches long and crooked.

V. Cucurbita lagenarit, longa, maxima, recurva. Cat. p. YOU.

This istwo or three Foot long, round, about four Inches Diameter, {malleft
at both ends, and crooked.

This and the former are planted as the others.

VI. Cucurbita lagenaria, longa, recta, minor. Cat. p. 10t. 7. ab. 14t. Fig. 2.

This is juft like the others in every thing. The Fruit is Pyramidal or
Oval, fix Inches long, and two in Diameter, very round and polith d.

They are made into Bottles and carried about for Dram Bottles in ones
Pocket.

Gourds are lighter, and not fo brittle as Glafs, wherefore coveted to
carry Wine and other Liquors in, in France, Spain, and [taly. Lob;

VII. Pepo maximus Indicus compreffus. Lob. Obf. Cat. p. 101. Melo pepo
fruttu maximo, albo. Tournef. Inft. p. 106. Pompions.

They are commonly planted here in moft Gardens, both by Poor and
Rich, and the Fruit being boil’d as Turneps, are very favoury and cooling.

The juice, with a little Mufchat, takes away weaknefs. A. 77.

Marco Polo tells us, thofe in Sapurgaw are the beft Pompions in the World,
being fweet like Honey. Purchas, lib. 1. p.73.

VIII. Anguria prima, Citrullus dicta. C. B. Cat. p. ror. Anguria Indica
feu melo aquaticus. Tournef. El. p.89. Melo facharinus anguria folio, Virginiae
nus, frutiumagno cortice viridi, carne lique{centi albo vel incarnato. Plukenet. Alm,
p. 247. Banift. Cat. Stirp. Pirg. An cucumis peregrinus major fativus, ang ue
rie foliis horto Comptonianoe femine natus. Pluk. Alm. p. 123. Uva of Ogilty
America. p. 313. Water-Melons of Dampier. cap. 10. =

This is commonly planted here, and is of two forts, that with whitith
green, and that with red Pulp, the Seeds of the latter being red, thofe of
the firft black.

They are ufed here by way of defert, are very much commended and
every where planted, efpecially in dry, fandy, or rocky Grounds. ‘hey
are Diuretick, counted very good in Fevers, extremely good againft hot Li-
vers, and Kidnies, very cooling, and therefore often eat with Wine.

The Secds are us'd for Emulfions, and provoke to Sleep.

It grows bettcr if Dung be mixed with the Sand, where it is planted
Marcer.

Gerard {eems very much deceived, when in his Figure and Defcription,
this is fulcated or furrow’d, which itis nor. ,

£Ticronimo de Lobos tells us, in his Relation of the River Nile, gc. that
about the Red Sea, were the beft he ever tafted.

Thefe Melons are much wholefomer than ours at Paris, railed by Dung
and Water. Zhevet. | ig

They beget bad and venemous Humours, bringing Autumnal Fevers, they
are of bac Digeftion, wherefore not us’d as Meat. Dorftein, pena es

oe fays they grow about <Argiers, and are there eaten, being very
cooling.

Cafal-

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 227

Cefalpinus mentions two forts of this Melon, faying caro interna aliis can-
dida, aliis rubens, and that the latter is the beft, he takes likewife notice
of the Seed, that ’tis colore Nigro, aut rubente aut fulvo. The Pulp next the
Bark is the lefs fapid. Cefalp.

In Alexandria they make holes in the outward fides of this Fruit and
draw out the Liquor, and fell Glaffes of it to thofe who are hot. Zd._

The unripe Fruit kept in a heap of Wheat ripens. Luga. Who mentions
one reddifh femine ex Afia miffo. |

The Seed of the Jndian is larger and f{moother. 7. B.

z The Seed from New-York, called Maracock, proved on fowing to be this.
Act,

IX. Cucumis anguria folio latiore, afpero, fructs minore candido {pinulis obtufis
muricato. Cat p.103. <Anguria Americana, frutiuechinato eduli. Tournef. Inf.
P1077.

This has a deep, white, oblong Root, fending forth feveral long, trailing
Branches. The Stalks are four-fquare, and rough, five or fix Foot long, at
about every four Inches diftance of which come out the Leaves, Clavicles,
and Flowers. Ihe Leaves are divided into five Sections, they are curled,
finuated, and rough, the undermoft, or Sections at Bale, being fimallett eve-
ty way. The fifth Section is three Inches long, and has two notches in it,
Their Foot-Stalks are four Inches long, and rough. Fx alis foliorum come
the Clavicles, which are an inch long. from‘thence alfo coine the Flowers,
feveral on two Inch long Foot-Stalks, which are yellow, monopetalous, their
ore being divided into five Sections. The Fruit is of a pale green colour,
Oval, as big as a Walnut, having many fhort, blunt, thick Tubercles,
fharper than thofe of other Cucumbers, and within a Pulp, a great many
fmall Seeds, like thofe of other Cucumbers. :

It grows every where about the Town, and in moft Plantations, as well as
in the Caribes.

This Fruit is eaten very greedily by Sheep, and all manner of Cattle,
and they are thought to thrive extremely by feeding on them.

The Fruic is likewife eat in lieu of our Exropean Cucumbers, are very
cooling, and equal, if not exceed them in every thing.

Pifo in his firft Edition fays nothing of this, and Marcgrave meations it,
whereby Pifo takes occafion in his fecond Edition to {peak of it, and rca-
fons upon it out of his own imagination, forthe Fruit of this is no way like
that of our Cucumis afininus, neither is it bitter, or yields any thing like
elateriam, but is very much coveted, and eaten by Cattle of all forts, and
Men themfelves, whence one may make a conjecture concerning feveral
things of thar Author, that they were his own conje@ures, or the produc
of his own Brain, rather than his own Experience, or that of others.

The Leaves of this in famaica are rough, whatever Dr. Plskenet may have
found in Exzlifh Gardens, or fay to the contrary, p.59. of his Mantiffa.

X..Cacumis minima frattu ovali nigro levi. Cat: p. 103. Tab. 142. Fig. 1.
Bryonia Canadenfis, folio angulato, fruttu nigro. Tonrnef. i p. 102. Cucumis
fruttu minime, viridi, ad maturitatem producto nigricante. Plukenct. Alm. p. 12}.
An bryonia alba bevis Americana cortice alto nitente; forte Tztaczazalic Mexicen-
fitus feu herba glutinofa ey candens. Flernandez apud Reccum, lib, 8. f. 283. Pluk.
Alm. p. 71. Phytogr. Tab.272. Fig. 3?

‘This Cucumber has 2 very flender Stafk, which mounts by its Clavictes,
or runs along the Ground for five or fix Foot in length, catching hold of any
thing ic comes near. The Leaves, Flowers, and Clavicles, come out hete

artd there together. The Leaves ftand on an Inch long Foot-Sralks, are of a
roundifl

a

238 The Natal Pifory of Jamaica,

——-

roundifh triangular fhape, a little auriculated, being an Inch and an half
from kar to kar, andas much from the Foor-Stalks end, to the point or end of
the Leaf oppofite to it. They are rough and harfh to the touch, fomething
finuated and indented a little about the edges, and of a dark green co-
lour. The Clavicles are very tender. The Fiowers fiand ona {mail Inch
long Foot-Stalk, are yellow, monopetalous, though at the Ore divided into
five Sections. The Fruit is of the fhape of a Nutmeg, or Oval, though
not fo big as an ordinary red Goofeberry, fmooth, blackifh when ripe, and
full of {mall white Sced, like that of other Cucumbers, lodged in athin in-
fipid cooling Pulp.

It grows in cleard low Grounds, by Hedges and Ditches.

The Fruit is eaten either pickled as unripe Cucumbers ufe to be, and are
good, or when fully ripe, and are thought extremely cooling.

XI. Colocynthis Lryonia alba folio, in quinque lacinias dentatas profunde [-éo,
afpero, cathartico Cat. p. 103. Tab. 142. Fig. 2. Belly-ach-wecd.

The Root of this was whitifh, oblong, and deep, having {everal Stalks
creeping along on the Ground, which at about two or three Inches diftance
fend out Leaves and Clavicles. The Foot-Staiks of the Leaves were two
Inches long, the Leaf its felf being fmaller than others of this Kind,
rounder, and more deeply cut in on the edges. it is always divided into
five Sections, the Section oppofite to the Foor-Stalk being three Inches long,
which is much longer than the two Sections next it, and they than thofe at
Bafe. Each of the Sections had one middie Rib, and was jagged without
any order. Jt was rough on its furface, and of a yellowifh zreen colour.
Its Clavicles were ‘not very long, but caught hold of the Stones it came
near, and would creep a greatmany Feet from its Koot.

Te grew at Mr. Ai7vaham’s Plantation in the Northfide of the Ifland, up-
on fome ftony Hills, near the place called Ocho Rios, corruptly Chireros

By what | faw, I queftion not but this is a Colocynthis, although T faw
neither Flower nor Fruit, neither could any inform me any thing about them.

This is counted an extraordinary Medicine againft the Belly-ach They
take a handful of the Leaves, boil them in water, and give the Deco@ion,
which ufually Vomits and Purges, but more certainly the firit.

It is accounted a very good Remedy againft the Dropfie, and is taken the
fame way.

It is alfo ufed for the fame purpofes in Clyfters.

XIV. Cucumis punicens. Cord. hift. Cat. p. 103. Momordica vulgaris. Tourney.
El. p. 86. Inft. p.103. | 7

This is very much us’d for the Belly-ach. 7

The Leaves are accounted very vulnerary as well as the Fruit, and both
taken inwardly, or their Oil outwardly applied are thought to cafe Pains,
and cure the Colick.

It confolidates Wounds, and eafes pain of bad natured Ulcers, the Fruit
being beaten and boiled in Oil. The Fruit is call’d Charantia, for being like
aLemon. Lob, |

If an Ear be cut off of a black Horfe, and faftened to that of a white
Horfe, likewife cut off, they will be healed with this Oil; but I am not cer-
tain that ‘tis fo. TZrag.

The Oil cures Burns, and takes away Scars. Dod.

The Oil of the Seed is commended by fome for the beft Remedy. Cam.

XI. Flos

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. 229

XU. Flos paffionis major pentaphyllus. Cat. p. 104. An Paffiflora foliis lati-
ovibus citins ficrens. Pluk. Alm, p.r8x 2 Clematis paffiflora pentaphylla, angufti-
folia. Munt.p.53? Tab.1652 Flos paftionis pentaphyllus mvjor, auguftifolius
femper virens. D. Kiggalaer. ib?

‘Chis hasa green, almoft round Stalk, about the bignelS of a Goofe-Quill,
mounting about any Tree it comes near, to twenty (fometimes more or lefs)
Feet high, at every two Inches difltance, putting forth Leaves, Clavicles and
Flowers. The Leaves ftand onan half Inch long, crooked, green Foot-Stalks,
being divided even almoft to the Foot-Stalks end, into five very long, and
narrow Sections, that in the middle, which is oppofite to the Foot-Stalk, is
the longeft and narrowelt, being three Inches long, and about three quarters of
an Inch broad, every Section having one middle, and fome tran{verfe Ribs
of a dark green colour,and fmooth. Thofe Sections at Bafe are a little ear’d,
and the whole Sections are entire and not ferrated. Oppofite to the Leaf is
the Clavicle two or three Inches long, and taking hold of any thing it comes
near. The Flower comes out in the middle between both, and ttands on
an Inch long Foot-Stalk, is very large, and of the fame make with others
of this Kind.

It grows in the Woods going from the Town to Guanatoa,

Pifo commends the Fruit of this in hor Difcafes, to cool and be ufed
inftead of Currans or Berberis.

The firft of thefe was eaten in New-Spain, being thought cooling, and
they have in their Flowers, if one be aided by Picty, the Figures of the Sn-
ftruments of the Paflion. The Fruit is not Savory to thoie who eat it at
firft. Zertre.

The Fruic is good in Fevers for the Spiritsand Appetite, and is pleafant,
and withour naufcoutnefs in thofe ufing it. Rochef. The Rind and Flowers
are preferv’d likewifc, and usd asthe Fruic. Rochef.

XIV. Flos paffionis. folio hedsraceo angulofo, fatido. Cat. p. 104. Flos paffte-
nis alius reticulatus Herm. par. Bat. p. 27}.

This has a round woolly Stalk at every Inches interval, fending forth
pretty {trong Clavicles, and reaching many paces in length. The ‘Leaf has
two Kars, or is three-pointed like Ivy Leaves, downy and foft, like thofe
of Althea, and of a very rank and offenfive {mell. ‘The Flower is like o-
thers of this Kind, of the fame colour with the ordinary. After thefe fuc-
ceeds a round, hollow, reddifh Fruit, in the Cavity of which are Seeds,
{ticking to the infide in rows, each Sced being inclofed in a white Skin, and
the Fruit having a Fringe, Filament, or Leaves under it, like the Seed-Vel-
fel of Nigella Romana. a |

It grows in Gullies near Mr. Ellet{on’s in Liguanece, Colonel Crem’'s in
St. Dorothies, the Banks of the Rio Cobre below the Town, and in feveral
other places of this Ifland very plencifully.

It flowers in May.

XV. Flos paffionis, folii media lacinia quaft abfcifsd, flore minove, carneo. Cat.
p. 104. Granadilla flore fusverubente, folio bicorni. Tournef. El. p. x06. Inft.
p.241. Paffflora Americana flore fuaverubente folio bicorni. Pluken. Mantifl:

. 146.
f The Stalk of this Plant is ftriated, redifh green coloured, and mounts
very high by its Clavicles about any Tree near it, or creeps along the
Ground, covering it for fome confiderable breadth, putting forth alterna-
tively Leaves, Clavicles, and Flowers. The Leaves are large, of a whitifh
green colour, having two points, and as it were a want or defect in room

~

peter

2 30 | The Nateral Hiftory of | Jamaica.

~-

of the third, as if one had by Art cut of the third point, refembling in this
the Leaves of the Tulip-Tree, orthe Acets{a rotundifolia repens Eboracenfis fo-
lio in medio deliquinm patiente Morif. The Clavicles are ftrong, and the
Flowers very fmall, of a pale red, or flefh colour, in every thing elfe like the
others of this Kind. The Fruit is oval, having fix red Lines on it, and
contains {everal, long, black Seeds, each of which is inclofed in a white
mucilaginous membrane, and plac’d as the others of this Kind.

All the parts of this Plant are without fimell.

jt grows on the Banks of the Rio Cobre, about, and below the Town of
St. Jago de la Vega, and clfewhere very plentifully. |

XVI. Flos Paffionis perfoliatus, frve periclymeni perfoliati folio. Cat. p. 104.
PAP tne Pie 3) a:

This Paffion Flower has a round, purple Stalk, which has at every two
Inches diftance, asit were two Leaycs joind together on one fide by a Seam,
on the other between two Ears, it comprehends or catches hold of the

. Stalk, and feems co be perfoliated like the Fremch Honyfuccle. Each Section

or Leaf is two Inches long, very fmooth, one Inch broad at Bafe where
broadeft, having one Rib: from Bafe to end. Both Sections or Leaves
are joind to the Stalk bya fhort, thick, crooked Foot-Stalk. Out of
the Alu of this comes a pretty long Clavicle, which catches hold of any
thing near it, fo rifing or crecping as the others of this Kind. ‘The Leaves
eottie out alternatively on each fide of the Stem, where are the Flowers
towards the top of the Stalk, having an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They are
purple in colour, made up of five large, and as many narrow Petala, of
about an Inches length, ftanding horizontally. It has fome ftrong, green
Filaments, with orange colour’d tops, and a green Stylus, every way like
the other Patiion Flowers.

It grew ina wooddy, rocky Mountains fide in Liguanee, near-Mr. Ellet {on’s
Plantation.

This is not the Paffflora [caphoides, gc. Plaken. Alm. p. 282: being nei-
ther that defcrib’d by Plamier, nor Hernandez, mention’d by him in that
piace

XVI. Flos pafficnis minor, folio in tres lacinias non ferratas profundius divifo,
flore tutco. Cat. p. 104. Flos paffionis triftdo folio, flore minimo pentapetalo vi-
ridi, fruttu winimo, wigro, molli, Breyn. prod. 2. p. 47+ Flos paffionis flore &
frudia omnisim minimis, Par. Bat. p.177. Granadilla folio amplo tricufpidi,
fruit olive forma. Tonrnef. El. p. 2.06. Inft. p. 240.

This has a three orfour Inches long black Root, about the bignef§ of ones
little Finger, throwing into the Ground feveral long Threads or Strings very
deep. From the top of the Root, are feattered on the furface of the Ground,
er climbing any Plant for four or five Foot high, feveral round, green,
tough Stalks, befet alternatively at an Inches diflance with Leaves fet on oné
third part of an Inches long Foot-Stalk, being an Inch anda quarter long, and
about an Inch from the end of one divifion at Bafe, tothat of the other, be-
ing divided into three parts or Sections, cut even almoft to the Foot-Stalk,
each of the divifions having Ribs from the Foot-Stalk. They are of a dark
green fhising colour, and {mooth. Fx «kis folorum comethe Flowers, they
itand on three quarters of an Inch long Foot-Stalk, are very tender, and of
a greenifh yellow colour, im every thing refembling thofe of the other Paffion
Flowers, and after them follows the Fruit, in every thing like the others of
this Kind, only finaller.

Tt grows ia all 'the rocky Banks and Sides of Hills in this Hand.

This

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. 231

tte)

This is not the Flos paffionis folio angufto, flore amplo decapetalo, cc. of
Breynius prod. 2. p. 47. as 1 once queftion’d, but is mentioned by that Au-
thor by the name above recited. This is the Clematitis Indica folio hede-
raceo, Cc, Plum. notwithftanding Dr. Plukenet’s contrary Opinion, p. 146. of
his Mantiffa.

XVII. Flos paffonis minor, folio ia tres lacinias non ferratas, minus profun-
das, divifo. Cat. p.t04. Paffiflora hepatica nobilis folio parvo non crenato, flore
ex luteo viridante. Pluk. Alm. p. 282. Granadilla pumila, flore parvo, lutee,
Alexandri Balam. Geo. a Turre. Cat. p.55. Au Clematis [ew flos paffioxis flore
Iuteo, Murucuja Mexicana. Belluce. hort. Pif. p. 18? Alia Murucuja Species
Marcer. p.72 2 Alia Murucujia fpscies foliis hedere (candentis. Raii. hit. p.656 ?
Clemsatitis feu flos paffionis flore viridi: Hort. Reg. Parif. p.53 2 Clematis paf-
henis bedere folio floribus parvis herbacets, fructu minimo quando maturus nigro.
D. Banift. apud Raium, hift. pl. app. p. 1874 ?

This is in every thing the fame with the precedent, only the Leaves are
not fo deeply divided, the end of the Leaf having only two great notches,
or defects for divifions.

It grows on the rocky Banks or Hills, every where through the Ifland.

XIX, Smilax afpera, fruétu wigro, radice nodosd, magna, levi, farinaced, Chi-
na ditta, Cat. p. 105. Tab. 143. Fiz. 1. An [milax vitienlis afperis Virgini-
ana foliis angujtis Levibus nullis auriculis pradita, Pluken, Phyt. Tab. 110. Fig.4.
Alm, p.3492 China Root of Dampier, cap. 15.

This has a Roor as big as the thickeft part of ones Leg, though fome-
timesit be no bigger than ones Wrift, having feveral f{wellings, being crooked
and jointed, having fome fhort membranes here and there, and athin red-
difh brown Skin, within which isa friable light red coloured fubflance, more
mealy than fibrous, yielding a reddifh tinture to water. The Stalk is round,
as thick as ones little Finger, very thick fet with fhort and fharp prickles
grcen, turning its {elf round any Tree or Plant it comes near, and rifing with
their help to fifteen Foot high, putting forth Leaves, the lowermoft of
which are very likethofe of the Smilax afpera, being{cordated, fmooth, of a
very dark green colour, with Nerves running through the Leaves like thofe
of Plantain. The Twigs go out towards the ends of the Branches, having
here and there Leaves, fimaller, narrower, and thicker fet than the others
which are on the Stalk, not fo broad at Bafe, and in greater numbers. The
Flowers come out on the ends of the Twigs being feveral together, flanding
on an half Inch long Petioli, taking their Original from the {ame common
Center, wmbel-fathion, each of which has fix Petala, or very fmall and green
Apices, ftanding round a green, fhort Stylus. After thefc follow fo many blackifh
Berries, being round, of the bignefs of thofe of Ivy, containing, withth
an unfayoury purple Pulp, one round purple Stone, as big as that of Haws.

It grows on the red Hills very copioufly, the moifter the ground is where-
in it grows the greater the Roots, and the worfe tobecured. x,

The Leaves of this are both ecard and long, fothat I doubt concerning
it, whither it may oot be che fame with both Dr. Plykenct’s mention’d here,
and in my Catalogue.

"Twas fict known in the Ea/f-Jndies from China, in 1535. Lugd.

This is ufed for China Roots, and yields a much deeper Tincture
than that {of the Exf-Zudies, whence I think it much better for the purpofes
to which it is employed, than that which is Worm eaten coming from
China, although Pifo {eems to be of another mind.

It yields a Gum called Zzételi, which the Zadians chaw to ftreagthen the
Teeth. The Decoction is good againft Chronical Diftempers, againft the

Friuch Pex. Oriental China has a lighter, not fo firm, tenderer, and lefs
Adftringent

2

9

3

mee ee

2 ‘The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

Adftringent Root, and yet this Kind does the fame with it, Sarfa or Guajacum,
#f the (ame methods are followed. It is Cold, Dry, and Adftringenr, but
bitterith, and of fubtle parts, ftrengthening the Stomach, expelling Wind,
voiding by the Pores Melancholick Humours and Flegm, which eludes other
Medicines, thereby giving cafe. Flcriand.

In the Za/f-/ndies they usd China very much for the cure of Difeafes,
boiling one Ounce with two Drams of Smallage in fixteen Pints of water
to ten: they drank a draught warm in Bed, lying two hours after, and ano-
cher two hours before Supper, and cold other times of the day, meking ir
freth every day; and many ufe to take two Drams of the powdered Root
morning and evening in Wine, or its own Decoction when going about their
Bufinefs, or failing, with happy fuccefs, It is beft preferv’d with broken
Pepper. Its diftilled water is good in Ruptures, Headaches, Callus’s and
Ulcers of the Genitals. It is allo proper in Venereal Difeates, but the De-
coction better, Acof?a.

Saris, apud Purchas, lib, 4. cap. 2. p. 394. tells us that Chins Roots are a
Commodity for Fapan.

China was in ufe to cure a fort of Pox in Eaft India, called Afmaphea or
Stink, ic came to the knowledge of the Latins in the year 1535. by two
Chincfe Merchants, Nacmach and Makal, Trathicking in Africa, Don Martin Al-
fonfe was cured of an otherways incurable Diftemper with the Pox by it,
which was known to the Arabians before us, and at firft fold for its weight
in Gold. The Country Mountaineers eat of it raw, oz rofted as Turneps,
it is boil'd in Potrage by fome. f. 417. Thevet. Cofmograph.

The White is the beft, whence that from New-Spain is not good, which
is {o red that a little of ic makes red water, neither is it fo efficacious as
the other. !t is when frefh fo tender as to be eat either raw, or boiled as
Turncps here with Flefh. Fragof.

Canes are made in Virginia of them. Pl.

It appears by Lame, Hariot and Laudonniere, in the Places mention‘d in
my Catalogue, that this Root is ufed for Bread in Virginia, from thefe
Tfnaw Roots, ({ays Hariot) new or frefh, chopt into {mall picces and {tampr,
is {trained with water, a Juice that maketh Bread, and alfo being boiled a
very good Spoon-Meat, in manner of a Gelly, which is much better in caft
if it be tempered with Oil. and Landonniere, p. 55. ap. Hakl. p. 344. fays
that beat ina Mortar it makes Mea!, which boiled in water is eat in {carcity
in Florida.

XX. Bryonia racemofa foltis ficulncis. Plum. p. 83. Fiz. 97. Cat. p. 106.

This has a ftriated yellowifh green Stalk, being jointed at every two
Inches diftance, not fo big as a Hens-Quill, having at every joint one
Leaf, fianding on an Inch and an half long Foot-Staik, each Leaf being
deeply cur into three parts or Lacizie, like to ordinary white Bryony. The
two Sections at Bafe have a round Auricle, which is ferrated. The Se-
tion in the middle is from the Foot-Stalks end to rhe fharp point, two
Inches and an half long, and ’tis three quarters of an Inch over in the mid-
dle. ’Tis likewife two Inches from one Auricle to the other, every Sedctioa
has a middle Rib, furnifhing tranfverfe ones. The Leaf is fomewhat rough,
and of a ycllowifh green colour: Oppofite to the Leaves ftand Clavicles
a which it mounts the neighbouring Trees or Hedges, as others of this

ind. | 7 :

it groweth every where in Barbados. 7

XXII. Bry

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 23 nig

XXI. Brycnia alba triphylla, genitulata, foliiscraffis, acidis. Cat.p.to6. Tah.
ee, 4015, C7 S. |

The Root is two or three Footlong, reddifh, and fends forth other Roots,
{maller, pretty long and jointed, creeping under the Surface of the Earth.
The Stalk is jointed, reddith brown, as big as onesFinger, every joint making
a very Obtufe Angle with that next it, it flicks to Palifadoes or Trees by
Clavicles, and on its upper parts towards the top, is befet with a grear
many Leaves, three always together on a pretty long Foot Stalk. The
Leaves are thick, juicy, {ower, and cut in pretty deep on the edges like a
Saw. The Stalks towards the tops are always red. The Flowers ftand ro-
wards the tops of the Branches in bunches or Corymbi, like Ivy, and are of
an herbaceous colour. After thefe follow feveral, little, round Beriies, no
bigger than a {mall Pea, of a black colour, ftanding on an half Inch long
green Foot-Stalks. The Pulp is of a blackith green colour, and contains
one {mall round Stone, having a white Kernel within it.

it climbs the Trees in the Woods in feveral places, and grows near the
River fides, and about the Palifadoes, near the Town of St. Fago de la
Vega.

ic Flowers in Afay. 3

The Juice of this is ufed in Sauces.as that of Sorrel.

Whofoever pleafes to compare the Figures of Bryonvides trifoliatum Indi
cum, Cre. Plukenet. Phyt. Tab.155+ Fig. 2. and his Chamedrifolia [candens,
orc. Phyt. Tab. 81. Fig. 5. and has feen this Plant, will be ready to think
the laft only a Figure taken from a dry’d Plant, from which the Leaves are
drop'd off, and the firft from the fame Plant, growing in a Garden, not-
withftanding what.that Author fays, p. 33. of his Manti{fa.

XXII. Bryonia alba genicalata, viola foliis, baccis ¢ viridi purpurafcentitus,
Cat. p. 106. Lab. 144. Fig. 1. 4a Bryonia alba levis’ Americana, cortice
albo nitente Dy Pdukenet. Phyt, Tab. 272. Figs}. Almag. p.71 > Vel an Bryoa
nia Americana fractu aureo, ceraft parvi magnitudine tetrapyrene venenato, Bar-
badenfibus noftratibus Poifon Wythe, vocata. Ejnfd. Alm. p.71. Tab. 151.
Fig. 4? |

This has jointed ot geniculated:Stalks as big--as.ones little Finger, and ~
rifes, catching hold of any thing it comes near by its Clavicles to feven, eight,
or even thirty Foot high, being round, greenifh, every joint an Inch long,
making a very Obtufe Angle with that next it, and putting forth Leaves,
Clavicles and Flowers. The Leaves ftandon an half Inch long Foot-Stalks,
are four Inches long, three broad at the round Bale where broadeft, being of
a dark gren colour, and fomewhat refembling the Leaves of Violets. The
Flowers are many, {mall, of a pale yellow colour, ftanding many together
as the others of this Kind. After thefe follow ‘Berries of a purplith green
colour, like thofe of the other Bryonies or Ivy.

it grows near the Town about old Palifadoes and Trees, as likewife
near the Bridge over Black River, on the Trees growing there, very co-
pioufly.

XXIL. Bryonia alba triphylla maxima. Cat. p.106. Tab.144. Fig. 2.

This has a «many-cornered Stem about the bignefS of a Goofe-Quill. It
has, at every Inches or more interval, Leaves, three always together at a
crooked joint, and a Clavicle oppofite to that, three Inches long, and catch-
inghold of any Tree:they come near. The Leaves ftand on an Incly and an
half long Foot-Stalks; that oppofite to the Foot-Stalk, or in the middle,
being an Inch and an half long, and an Inch broad near the further end

Ooo where

oe)

A. The Natural Hiftory of jamaica. .

where broadeft. They are fmooth, and of a yellowith green colour. Whar
che Flower and Fruit were I did not obferve, though 1 am apt to think, by
its Leaves and Clavicles, it may be a Briony, of the Kindred of thofe
defcrib'd before, and therefore I put it among them.

This is not the Bryonia fideritidis folio multiplicz, difpermos, flore caruleo.
Prom, Bon. fpei. Plukenet. Phyt. Tab.152. Fig.t. Alm. p.7%. as Dr. Plukenet
fulpects in his Mantiffa. p. 33.

Ix grew on the larger Trees in the Road to Guanaboa, and at Mrs. Guys

Plantation.

XXIV. Bryonia nigra fruticofa, racemi ramulis varie implicitis, atque caude
feorpionis injiar, in fz contortis, baccis albis una vel altera nigra macula nota-
tis. Cat.p.106. Tab. 143. Fig. 2.

The Trunc of this Plant is nearthe Ground, as thick as ones Arm, woody,
turning about any Trees it comes near, {mooth, hard, and of a dark brown
colour, branci’d into a great many Twigs, crooked, and turning round any
thing they come near, rifing feven or eight Foot high, towards the ends
of which are plac’d alternatively the Leaves. ‘They ftand at half an Inches
diftance from one another, on an eighth part of an Inch long Foot-Stalk,
are an Inch long, and half an Inch broad in the middle where broadeft,
{mooth, and of a dark brown colour, and alittle bowed back. At the tops
of the Twigs come out feveral two or three Inches long crooked Branches,
very variouily turn’d, twilted, and bow'd one within another, each of which
is turtrd like a Scorpions Tail, or the Heliotropes, and fuftains ‘on none,
or very {mall Foot-Stalks, a great many very fimall, five-pointed; herbace-
ous Flowers. . After thefe follow fo many Berries as big as Pepper Corns,
round, firit green, but_when ripe, white, | markt with one’or two black
fpecks, and containing, lodged in a Pulp, one or two black, round Acini
er Seeds. 3

It grows about the Palifadoes in the Town of St. fago de la Vega, and ih
the Woods of the Savannas about any Trees or Shrubs it comes near. |

Ihave perufed what Dr. Plukenct {ays in his Mantiff1, p. 187. concerning
this Plant,.and remain of the fame Opinion as when I wrote my Catalogue,
that itis what he calls Virga aurea Americana frute{cens glabra, foliis fubtus
caftis, comis ad fummitatem in ramulos brachiatos implicatis. Phyt. Tab. 235.

Fig. 6...Alm. p. 389.

XXV. Bryonia nigra fruticofa, foliis integris ex adverfo pofitis, flore luteo, race-
mofo, fatide. Cat. p.106. Tab.145. Fig. 1. : C39"

This Plant has a Stem as large as ones: little Finger;: covered with an almoft
{mooth, white Bark, creeping amongft the Treesit comes near, and: putting
forth here and there Foot-long Branches -adorn’d with Leaves fet atan Inches
diftance by pairs oppofite to one another, ftanding on an eighth part of an
Inch long Foot-Stalks, They are three Inches long, and an Inch anda quarter
broad, near the middle where broadeft, being of .a very green colour,
{mooth, thin, having one middle, and feveral tran{verfe Ribs... The tops of
the Branches are a great many bunches of Flowers, cach one flanding ona
weak Foot-Stalk, in a green Calyx, being long, tetrapetalous, yellow, with
yellow Stamina, and of a very unfavory {cent.
tt grows on the Road fide, amongthe Woods, going to Guanabea very plen-

tifuily.

XXVI. Bryonia nigra frticofa, foliis lanrinis, floribus; racemofis, fpeciofis.: Cat.
7. 106,:7ab 145. Fig. de | :

This

eer

This had roundifh, reddith brown Stalks as big as a Goofe-Quil, by which
it climb'd and turn’d its felf round the Truncs and Branches of Trees, put»
ting forth here and there Leaves, ftanding on one third part of an Inch long
Foot-Stalks. ‘They were four Inches long, and near twice as broad in the
middle where broadeft, being narrow at the beginning, and obtufe at the
end, whole, very fmooth, and having an eminent middle Rib, running
through the middle of the Leaf. At the top of the Branch are Flowers
{tanding ina bunch together, being many very beautiful and {mall.

I gathered ic, if | rightly remember, in St. Maries, near Cabeca del oro in
the North-fide of this ifland amongft the Woods.

XXVIL. Solanum bacciferum primum, feu oficinarum. ©. B. Cat. p.106.. Sos
lanum fructu nigro, Rudbeck. Brom, p. 108. An folanum Indicum vulgari fimile,
Hloribus albis parvis. Pluk. Alm. p.349 ?

This has a green Stem, as big as ones little Finger, having fome very
narrow membranes which make it look angular, rifing two or three Foor
high, cither flraight up, or amongft other Shrubs. The Branches are
inveigled among one another, {preading themfelves on every hand, and
having Leaves {tanding on a quarter of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, being an
Inch and an half long, and half as broad near the middle where broadetft ;
very much finuated on the edges, foft, of a dark green colour. Towards
the tops of the Branches come the Flowers, feveral together from the top of
an half Inch-long green Foort-Stalk, each whereof is made up of five white,
or pale yellow reflected Petala, with Orange colour’d Apices, {landing up in
the middle making an Umbo. After thefe follow round Berrics, as big as
Pepper-Corns, fmooth, black when ripe, containing in a thin Pulp a great
many very {mall, roundifh, flat, white Seeds.

It grew near the Church-yard back-fide, and near Mrs, Guys’s Houle in a
Gully in Guazaboa.

The Leayes of. this are boil’d and eaten by Negros in their Pepper-Pots or
Potages... 344;

The Leaves being applied cure Wounds of the Shins, Fiflures of the
Nipples, and are good againft all {nflammations. They are Anodine, and
good againft the Inflammation and heat of the Aw, the Juice being put up;
but becaufe of its very cooling and adftringent quality, - it muft be cautioufly
ufed. The Bark bruis’d and put into water, intoxicates Fifhes fo that they
may be eafily taken. Paifo.

I only doubted whether the Famaica and European Nightfhades were the
fame, on account of the Leaves, being eaten there, and the European coms
monly accounted not wholefome, but when J found by Cordus, Dorff.¢é>c. that
the common Solanum was anciently fowed for Meat, 1 am confident ’tis in
every thing the fame, efpecially fince the colour of the Berries differs in the
European Plant.

The Leaves cool, being applied to St. Anthony's Fire. It is good fora hot
Stomach. Beaten with Salt and applied, ic difcufles the Parotides, Fuch/.

Tt is good againft hot Apofthems. Dorf.

The diftill’d water outwardly: or inwardly ufed is cooling in Inflammati-
ons, outwardly the Leaves being applied to the Head helps Phrenfies, and
all Inflammations. Loz.

Tragus feemsto be confufed as to this Plant, and {ays that ‘tis not edible.

The Leaves are cooling and adftringent. It is hazardous to apply it
outwardly, it being Repercuffive, and not to be usd in Ery/fipelas’s, Gc. Dod.

The Juice, with Oil, is good in the Phrenzy, orc. Math,

The Leaves eaten are adftringent and cooling. Gal.

The

~The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 235

"236 The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

The Boys eat the raw Berries. It contemperates fharp and biting humours,
Schwenckf.

The Juice is ufeful in Cancers. Cam.

The diftill’d water is good in Fevers. Lob.

XXVIII. Solasum bacciferum, caule ex foliis tomento incanis, [pinohs, flore
luteo, fructu croceo, minore. Cat. p. 107. Tab. 144. Fig.3. An folanum {pinofam
Famaicen{e glabrum foliis parvis minus profande laciniatis, Pluk. Alm. p. 3516
Phyt. Tab. 316. Fig. § ? An folanum Americanum, tomentofum folio verbafci
parvo, fruciu flavefcente. Plum. Tournef. Inft. p50?

The Stalks of this Plant are very thick fet with fhort crooked prickles, the
points downwards, woolly, round, and about three Foot high, having Leaves
{et alrernatively every Inch and halfs diftance, about fix Inches long, and five
broad, beginning narrow, and ending in a point, very much finuated on
the edges, very rough, downy, of a whitifh green colour, and having one
middle Rib, and fometranfverie fmnaller ones, in every thing like thofe of the
Solanum {pinolum fructu rotando. C.B, Piz. only lefler, both befet with prickles.
In the middle {pace between the Leaves come out the Flowers, two or three
together on the {ame half Inch long, hoary Foot-Stalk, monopetalous, though
the Ore be divided into five Petala, refle&ted back, of a yellowith colour,
and having in the middle many <4pices ftanding up together, making an
Umbo, as the other Solanum's. After each of thete follows Spherical Orange
coloured Berries, as big as Field Peafe, having five green Captular Leaves un- —
der them, and being full of {mall, white, comprefled, irregularly figur'd Seeds,
lying in an Orange colour’d Pulp.

It grows on the fides of the Streets of the Town of St. Fago de la Vega,
near the old Monaftery, and on the fandy and gravelly Banks of the Rio
Cobre, below the Town on the fame frde of the River.

The Leaves and Juice are good to temper and cleanfe Wounds and UI-
cers, and although it be bitterifh, yet ‘tis not hot. Their Koots are very
bitter, and of thin parts, and excellent Vertue, efpecially the Male. Its
Decoaion is Diuretick. They open Obftructions of the Liver and Pro-
ftates, being usd inflead of the opening Roots. It is very much efteem’d
both by the learned and unlearned. Pifo.

The Leaves of this Furepeba, which are not prickly, are commonly us‘d
to heal Ulcers of the Legs. Murcer.

Margrave making mention of this, but of ino diftin@ion of Sex, Iam ape
to believe Pifo was impos'd upon; efpecially fince he does not explain him-
felf {ufficiently about it. 3 ;

The Root given'to half an Ounce ipurges.all Humours downward. Hern,

The Decodtion of the Root is good in ‘burning Fevers, and with Honey
in Catarrhs, and in the Strangury with fome Cardsmoms. It is proper for
windy Guts. The Juice of the Roots and Leaves is good for Concoction,
and the Juice with Sugar is good for the forene{s of the Breaft. The De-
coction of the Leaves is good for the Itch with Sugar and Lime. Z. 7.

XXIX, Solanum fruticofam lacciferum fpinofam, flore cortleo. Cat. p. 108.
Tab. 145. Fig.3.. An folanum Amevicanum fruticofum, perfice foliis aculeatum.
Plum. Tournef. Inft. p.149 ?

This Shrub ‘by ‘crooked woody Stettis, as ‘thick as ones little Finger, co-
vered with a ‘whitith coloured Bark, and having here and there fome
fharp, fall, and {hort ptickles, ‘fifes three or four Foot high, having -
feveral Branches and Twigs of a green <olour, and, without any order,
Leaves flanding on an ‘half Inch long Foot-Stalks, they are two Inches and
an half long, and almoft one broad, fomewhat rough, and like thofe of the

Amomuns

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 237

Amomum Plinii. Ger. Towards the ends of the Branches ftand feveral purple
pentaperalous Flowers, having five Orange-coloured Stamina, Apices, of points
ftanding ftraight up in the middle, making an Umbo, the Petalabeing bow'd
back or reflected. After which follows a round, red Berry, like thofe of the
Amomum Plinii, having many fmall flat Seeds, white, and of the thape ofa
Kidacy. |

It grows in the Sand by the Sea-fide, near Old Hfarbour, on the
Road from the Town to Colonel Cope’s Plantation in Guanaboa, and in the
Carive Iflands.

XXX. Solanum pomiferum quartum, five fructu oblongo. C. B. Cat. p. rot.
Melongena fructu oblongo, Tournef. El. p.126. Melongena fructu oblongo viola-
ceo, Ej.Jnftep.15%. Mala infana, Swert, An Nila-barudena. FIM. part. 10.p.147.
Tab. 74 2 Mad Apples.

This has feveral white Roots, fending up a branched purple Stalk, three
_or four Foot high. The Branches ends have Leaves many in number, ftanding
of four Inches long purple Foot-Stalks. They are fix Inches long, and three
broad, finuated, of the fhape of thofe of the others ofthis Kind. The Ribs
are all purple, and the-Leaves fomewhat hairy and rough. The Flowers
come out feveral on the fame Foot-Stalks, they being monopetalous, the
Ore divided into five Sections, blue, and inevery thing like thofe of the
other Nightfhades. The Fruit is oblong, pear-fafhion’d, from a narrow
round Stalk, ending larger, firft purple, then yellow, containing in a fun-
gous Pulp, a great number of flat, roundifh, brown Seeds.

The Seed was brought from the Main Continent of America, where it
was planted by the Jews. Mr Harrifon planted it in Liguanee.

The Fruit boil'd, and dreft as Turneps, is very much commended, and
eaten by the Jews.

The Arabians ufed it in their Meats, but it breeds vitious Juices. Its taft
is iyeeatly flat, and bitterifh. Jt is only for fhow fownin Gardens or Pots:
Cora. Pos

It is eaten as Mufhrooms. Rwellius.

It is boil'd and eat as Mufhrooms. Ce/alp.

Rofted under the Embers, boiled or fried, every day ’tis eat in Egypr.
Bellon. . Perr yi

It iseaten to promote Venery. Math.

Rawolf apud Lugd. ap. fays that the black is different from the others.

They are fufceptible of any caft; much ufed about Zoledo, and boil'd firft,
then fried. with Fat. They caufe’ Obftructions, darken the Complexion,
breed Melancholy, ec. Lac. .

They are boil’d with Wine and Pepper, and taft like Artichoaks. They
are Diuretick. Boat.

This agrees in every thing with Nils Barudena. H. M. p.to. p-147. Figs
74. only that has prickles, this has none. Commelinus makes it Focky focky
G mala infana.

Thefe are the Melongena.of the Arabians, ap. Purchas, lib. 9. cap. 9. p.
1499. where we find Mahomet affirm’d he had feen this Plant in Para-
dife; and. meafur'd the quantity of Mens Wits by their cating ftore hereof.

This feems to be one fort Melanzana, Melongena or Beudengian, called
Bathlechain, oblong of Rawolfe, lib. 1. cap. 6. which grows about Aleppo,
and’ is there eaten boiled as Averrhoes mentions.

XXXI,. Solanum fecundym racemofum cerafornm forma: vel cerafa amoris ra-
cemofa. rubra. C» B. prod. Cat. p. 009. Tab..146. Fig. 1. Lycoperficon frutty
ceraft rubro. Towrnef. Inf. p. 150: Lycoperficon frucin cerafi ejufd. El. p15.
Tomato Berriés. Ppp This

oe oe

2 38 The Natural Eliftory of Jamaica.

This grows in feveral places about the Town of St. Jago de la Vega, and
in Guanaboa, near Mrs. Guy’s Houfe, in her Plantation, but I cannot be pofi-
tive that tis wild. It grows likewife in the Caribes.

They are eaten by fome here, are thought very naughty, and yielding
little Nourifhment, though they are eaten either boil’d or in Sauce by the
Spaniards.

They are good to cat, being cooling, give a relifh to Sauces, and take off
the ill effects of Zndian Pepper, which is too heating. fof. 4co/Pa.

The Fruit is innocent, and not bad {mell’d. Ge/z.

This came firft from the Pers Iles. The Fruit boiled or fun'd in Wine is
good again{ft the Scab. Cam.

The Juice is good for Eyes with Defluxions, againft Ery/pelas’s. The
Chymical Oil is good for Burns, and to procure fleep rub’d on the Temples.
One flept in a frenzy with thefe under him, and in his Hand. ¥ B.

The Fruit boil’d, or infus’d in Oil, is good againft the Itch. Park.

XXXII. Solanum veficarium erectum folani vulgaris foliis. Cat.p. 110. Alltes
kengi Virginianum fructu luteo. Tournef. El. p.126. Inft. p.151. An folanum
veficarium Virginianum pdocumbens annuum folio lannginofo. Bob. hift. Ox. part.3.

y 5278

: This has a four-{quare hollow green Stalk, rifing three Foot high, branch’d
out on every fide. The Branches have feveral Leaves fet onan Inch long
Foot:Stalks, they are two Inches long, one broad, ending in a point, of a
dark green colour, and like the Leaves of the ordinary Solamum. The
Flowers are on the tops of the Branches, on half an Inch long Foot Stalks,
monopetalous, . with five notches in them of a yellowith white colour. After
thefe follows red Bladders, in all things like thofe of A/kekengi.

. It grows by the Rio Cobre in wet places above the Town.’ ~ 189

The Fruit is eaten, and tafts like European Winter-Cherries. A Deco@ion
of the Herb ferves to wafh the Legs. Maregr.

The Fruit is of feveral parts, and takes off the Obftructions of the Liver,
and Kidnies, differing only from that of Ewrope in that its Diuretick quality is
more remifs. Pifo. | i

The Root is hot, cures Surfeits, refolves Wind, provokes Urin, ‘eafes
pain in the Belly mix’d with Zndian Pepper. The Decoétion drank, 6¢ the
Root to a Scruple in quantity, ftops all Fluxes from hot Canfes, and applied
to the Breafts drys up the Milk. Hzerz. 3
_| The‘Jndiays and Chinefe cat it with Capfcum, and love Apples. The green
Juice is ufed im hot Difeafes of the Bladder and Kidnies, and in Venerea!
Gonorrheas, it is a great Remedy eafing pain. Bont.

The Juice diminifhes the Tumours of the Tefticles. The Roots help the
burning Fever, and fried with Oil helps the Dropfie called pitao, A. Mt.

XXXII. Pifamdecimum five veficarinm fruttw nigro alba matula wotato. CB.
Cat.p. 10. Corindum ampliore folio fructu majore, Tournef. El. p. 342. Life

PB 431. Cor Lndum frutin majore Pluken. Almv p. ¥x0. :
This has a woody, cornered, tough Stalk, taking hold-of any Tree or
Shrub it comes:near by its Clavicles, and mounting ‘to eight or nine Foot
high, the tops then falling down, and covering the Tree or Shrub it Climbs.
At about every three Inches diftance it puts forth Jeaves, Clavicles and
Flowers, at the fame place. The Leaves, ftand on two Inches and an‘ half
long Foot Stalks. They are very much divided or laciniated, cut always
into’ nine Sections, flanding:thrée together on the fame common Peticlus,
coming from the-énd of the Foot-Stalk, that ‘divifion of the three oppofite
to the end'of the Petiolus, or in the middle is the biggeft, being two seroma
‘Totig,

Re eee am

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. 239

a sai

Jong, and one broad where broadeft, deeply notch’d, or cut in on the edges
of a dark green colour, being very {mooth, foft, and thin, the other two at
Bafe, being of the fame fhape, éc. only {maller. The Clavicles ftand op-
pofite to the Leaf, being five inches long. Ex alis foliorum come the Flowers
feveral together, {landing on three Inches long Foot-Stalks, being white, pen-
tapetalous, andvery open. After the Flowers follow three cornered, oblong
Bladders, having in each of them three diftin@ Cells, and in every one of
thefe lies faftened to a membrane, a round, dark, brown, or black Seed,
about the bignefs of a {mall Field Pea, having three Triangular Lines, meet-
ing at the Center of a clay coloured, or whicidh triangular or cordated
{pot, which is at the place where ‘tis join’d to the Bladder, or its bilus.

It grew-on fome Bufhes, on the Banks of the Rio Cobre, a little below the
Town, and very copioufly among the Shrubs on each fide of the way, riding
through the Zhickets, near the Moneque Savanna, in the North fide of Fa-
maica, and in the Caribes.

There is a variety of this, which isin every thing les, but I believe it no
diftiné Kind.

From the likenefs of the divifion of the Leaves of this, to thofe of Parfley,
it got the name of wild Parfley in the Caribes.

This is no Solanum, becaufe it has no Berries. Ge/n.

Ic’s not Llopyrum. Col.

Its thought good for Difeafes of the Heart. Schrtencf.

The Seeds occafion greater Sleep than Opium. Cord.

The Plant beaten with water, and applied cures the Gout, and coldnefS of
the Joints with ftiffnefs. The Juice of the Leaves with Zit Avanacu Oil
Purges. The juice warm is good forthe gouty, with black Cumin Seed ‘cis
good for the Heartburn, the beaten Leaves are good for the Cough mix’d
with Sugar, and boil’d in Oil it is good for the Eyes. A. M1. )

XXXIV: Pifumtordatum nan veficariam. Cap. vir. Leehaminofa Brafili«
enfis fructn ovato cofta folit appendicibus autta. Raii hiff. p.1347. Am cords
Indi folio & facie frute(céns Curaffavica latifolia. Flerm. par. Bat. prod. p 328 2
Plukenct. Phyt: Tabixv64. Fig.62 0°

This by round, fmooth, brown Stems, rifes roa greavheighth, mouitifig
by its ‘Stalk fometimes twenty Foot high, more or lefs, aceorditig to the
Tree or Shtub ic Climbs, having Leavesiat every half Inch’s diftance, ftand-
ing on one third part of an Inch long Foot-Stalks, being ufually nine Leaves
plac’d by threes, on the fame common, {niall Foot-Stalks, thofe thrée in the
middle, or ftanding oppofite to the Foor-Stalk, being the largeft, and that
Leaf of the three in the middle the largeft Leaf, being more than an Inch
long, and about half as broad near the further end where broadeft, {mooth, of
a yellowifh green colour, augmenting from the Foot-Stalk to near the end, and
thence decreafing to the point. -Onthe tops of the Branches come the Fruit,
ftanding in Bunches, or many together'on branched Twigs; ‘having {mall
Clavieles. Each of themisa Triangular Head, having three plain fides, and
three very {mall extant membranes, of fharp Gornets, red or black, wheri
opened containing three, large, black, thining, almoft round Seeds, or
Peafe, with a white Hilus, Eye or Spot, at that place where they were join’d
to their Capfulz. 3

It.grows between Puffage Fort and the Town, on cach fide of the Road,
onthe Trees in the Woods, and on the Red Hills very plentifully.

The Fruit bruifed and put into water intoxicates Fifhes. ‘The green
Leaves bruifed, or their Juice, is good for Wounds, being vulnetary, and
eleanfing them, Pf. ,

XXXV. Caps

o ‘The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

XXXV. Capfcum minus fructu rotundo, erecto, acerrimo. Cat. Pp. Tir. Cape
ficum filiquis furreCtis ceraft forma, Tourucf. Taft, Pe X35.

From a woody, brown, ftrong Root, {pring feveral woody Branches, two
or three Foot high, The Stalks, Leaves, Flowers, and other parts of this
Plant are in every thing like thofe of the other Cup/icums, only every way
fmaller, and the Fruit is plac’d on the tops of the Twigs. It is almoft
perfectly round, no bigger than a Ficld-Pea, and full of fuch {mall Seeds as
are common to others of this Kind.

It grows in thady low Woods, whether Parrots and other Birds refort to it
by natural Inftint, to forward the Digeftion of thofe Fruits they meet withal
and feed on in the Woods. |

It grows not only inthe Ifland of Famaica, but in the Madera, and all the
Caribes.

This fort is counted the fharpeft and moft biting of any of its Kind,
and is much ufed by Jndiams, Negres and Europeans, who have liv’d kere any
time.

The Birds, Toucan and Saviath, feed of this, and their Dung produces
it, being Sown, as if the whole Fruit were Sown. Theuct. Cofm.

Powdered with Salt, ’tis a portable Sauce in little Room, and agreeing al-
moft to every Difh and Pallat, being mix’d with Gravy or Vinegar.

Jr is counted very good againft the Belly-ach.

The Savages cure Fevers by drawing over the Eyes of the Sick a Thread
dipt inthis, by making them forget it. TZertre.

There are two other forts very like this, common in moft Planters Gardens,
which may perhaps be only varieties of ir.

This was brought by the Spaniards in,Colons firft Voyage from the W/-
Indies, to fhow the rarities of them, and was then admired. Lopez. de Go-
MATA.

Merchants brought it from Brafle, though it be not fo good as Malacette.
Thevet.

The Leaves of this burnt with Mother of Pearl Oifters fhells, and wet
with water till ’tis white, makes an Ointment which rub’d on Teeth makes
them black, and free fromaching. Bez, |

This was call’d Caribe by the Indians, which fignifies fharp and *ftroae in
their Language, and becaufe they of Efpanola found the Canibals, or thofe
inhabiting the-atilles, to be fharp and ftrong like this, they gave them
the name of Caribes.. Martyr. So that we need not trouble our felyes fo
much about the Derivation of that Word as Rochefort»has done.

This fort, if tafted, the tharpnefS cannot be got out of the Throat in
fome days. It grows in Brafile and Portugal. Cluf.

One muft have a care after touching thefe Csp/ica not to touch the Fye
with the Hand it occafioning great pain, which is remedied by cold water.

They are reckoned much wholefomer than the Eaft-India Peppers, they
give a good taft, being cut and mixed with Fifh or other Meat. The final
whole Pepper, being {wallowed helps Digeftion, Corroborates the Stomach,
and expels Wind. The fame is done with Vinegar in which it has been infufed
whole, or Salt, and it powdered and mix’d together. It hurts the Breaft
and Body, and occafions a Cough, if it be put on Coals, and the Fume re-
ceived by Mouth or Noftrils. The Leaves and Roots'are the Firft Ingredi-
ents of hot Baths. Pifo,

XXXVI. Capficum minus fruttw parvo, pyramidali, erecto. Cat. p. 112. Tab.
146. Fig.2, An folanum mordens Americanum perenne Berberidis fruttu furretto
Berberry Pepper. Barbadenfibus vale. Pluk. Alm p. 3542? vel Solanum

mordens

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 241

mordens foliis majoritus furrectum fructu parvo, eblongo, Ejufa. ib > vel folani mor-
dentis filiquis furrectis rotundis, alterummeenus frutty parum acuminato. Ejuld. ib >
Capficum filiquis furrettis & oblongis exiguis. Tournef, Inft. p. 152. Caphicum
five piper Barbadienfe fruttu Berkeridis acerrimo. Bob. hil. Ox. part. 3. P. 530. |
This differs only from the foregoing, in that ‘tis not perfectly round, bur
pyramidal, and a little poinred.
It grows commonly with it.

XXXVIT Capficum oblongum minus recurvis filiquis. Park. Cat. p.113. Cuap-
ficum filiquis recurvis, minus. Tournef. Inft. p. 15%. Piment qui femble du co-
rail de Biet. p. 334. An Solanummordens oblongum minus pendentibus recurvis
iliquis puniceis. Pluken. Alm. p. 353 2 Vel Solanum mordens propendentibus fili-
quts oblongis recurvis. Ejufd. ¢ >

This is in every ‘part like the other larger Cap/ioums, only its Fruit is
two Inches Jong, ‘a little crooked, ‘round, about the bignefS of a Goofe-
Quill, bat towards the end decreafing, and ‘ending'in a blunt point, of a
wery fine {Carlet colour.

It is planted by the Inhabitants very carefully :in their Gardens, for its
ufe im Pottages, ¢c. and is us'd indifferently with the Fruit “of thofe of the
other Kinds.

This powdered with ‘Salt is made into Loaves, after every Morel, fome
of which is taken up between the Fingers, and at by the Brafilians. It is
the only Simple of Brafile defcribed by Marbivlus. Liery.

This is figured in Cordws with two orher forts on the fame Shrub, from
Tragus, and in Lonicerus with one othet. ‘a many of the old Herbals many
of thefe Capfica'are figured together on'the fame Stalk. /

XXKVIIL Capficum filiqua lata & rugofa. Park. p. 14, Tab, 146. FH. 3.
Solanum mordens fructu magno petafvide, Bonnet Pepper, woftraribus vulzo.
Pluk. Alm. 0.353. Bell-Pepper.

This rifes four or five Foot high, as in every thing like theether Caphicums,
only the Fruit is large, turbinated, conoidal, or fomewhat fhap’d like a
Bell, whence the Name, hanging down towards the Ground, the fidés-of it
being deeply finuated or furrowed here and chore, efpecially towards the

oint.
It is {weet fimell’d. Greg. de Rec.

A little put on Coals, the Fume entring the Nofe and Lungs, excites a
troubleiome Cough, not to be remedied but by a Handkerchief wet in Vi-
nepar. TZertre.

It is the moft commonly planted of any of the Cupfcwms, and ufed &x-
tremely by /ndians and Blacks.

It is very often pickled by cutting off the largeft part mext the Stalk, and
clearing it of its Seed, and putting it into Pickle of Vinegar atid Salt.

Itisusd in every thing as the others. The Ledians and Noproes make it
the proper Corrective for all forts of Legamina, and Sallers, and will Katee
abftain from it in hot Difeafes.

Thefe Peppers ought not to be inwardly us'd, having fomething venetious
and malignant in them. Dod.

It is ufed all over Spain for Pepper. 7. B.

XXXIX. Capfewm filiqua lata non rugofa. Cat. p. rr 4.
It differs only from the other in making a lefler not furrowed Fruit, which
is yery fhining and polifht. This feemsto be only a variety of the former.

Q4qq 7 XL, Capfi-

ete hn ia te

24.2 The Natural Ehifiory of Jamaica,

=

AL Capficum cordatum propendens. Park, Cat. P3114. dn Solanum mordens
fructu dependente fubrotundo cralfo. Pluk. Alm. p. 3532 Vel Solanum mordens
filiqua cordiformi pendula. ejufd. ib 2 Piper Indicum cordatum majus filiqua plana
ce propendente Hort. Reg. Parif. p.142?

This Capficvm is like the others in every thing, only the Leaves come out ia
oppofite Tufts along the Branches at an Inches diflance. The Fruit is
Conoidal, and inftead of being fharp at point, is blunt, very thining, po-
lift’d, and {mooth, exactly like that of a Womans Nipple. |

It is planted as the other Kinds.

A Peflary is made of this kind of Pepper, of. dawriz. Gentian and Cotton,
which Valve oriimpofitum, purgationes Menftruas deperditas revocat. Taken to
a Scruple it cures Pains of the Uterus, if it be boil’d in Wine, and with it
the Hernia aqnofa be bath’d it curesit. If the Fruit be infufed in Wine it
takes away ftinking Breath, and mixt with Flydromel, usd as an Evrhinum, it
takes away the fmelling of the Nofe. If infus’d in Aqua Vite it helps the
parts grieved with the Palfie if rub’d with it. Mixt with Vinegar it refolyes
Apoftems and hard Spleens. Drank with the Decodtion of Bay-Berries it
cures the Colick. Chaw’d with Raifins and Stavifacre, it draws Flegm from
the Head. Boil’d in water the Decoétion cures the Tooth ach. Drank
with Wine it cuts tough Flegm in the Breaft, Lungs, or Guts. It takes away
the cold Fits of Agues if mix’d with ung. de Alabaftro, if it be rub’d on the
Back-Bone. With Hens Greafe it refolyes Apoftems and Buboes, it cures
the Gout and Nodes, and voids Hydropick waters. Mixt with pil. aloephance
with Decodtion of Mallows it is Diuretick. It takes away the Flegm in the
Kidnies, being drank with Saxifrage water. Given to a Scruple with Broath
every morning, it warms the cold Stomach, difcufles Flegm, and diflipates
Tough Humours of the Stomach. Taken three days together with Decoéf,
Pulegii, it expels the dead Child. Gregorius de Regio.

This is one of the three Fruits figured by Zragus on the fame Stalk, and
from him in Cordus ¢ Tab. ernemontanus.

It raifes Blifters. Park. |

Thofe ufing it are troubled with their Stomach and YellowifhnefS. Roch.

The Root or Fruit bruifed and applied to the Bite of a Mad Dog; cures
ab. fd. M1. :

This Pepper is us’d all over the We/-Zndies, it is hot in the fourth, and
dry in the third Degree. It excites Flatulency, and Venery. It’ purges
with griping in thofe not ufed to it, from its Acrimony, but eatily in others;
it helps the Catamenia, and is Diuretick; it is good againft the Sciatica
made into a Plaifter with Honey. The Zndians help Hecticks with pricking
their Bellies or Loins with Necdles or Pins dipt in this; but immoderately
ufed it caufes Inflammations of all forts: it is eat by the Zvdians for ordinary
Food, by others for Sauce. Xim.

Infufed in Spirit of Wine it is Diuretick, and cures Palfies if the parc
be often wafhed with it, Mix’d with Hens Suet it refolves Apoftems that
ay cold. Inward Apoftems and Abfcefles are caufed by its immoderate ufe.
Pifo.

Five Grains of this Pepper makes pleafanter Potage than twenty of the
other from the Eaft-Indies. Martyr.

It kills Dogs if cat by them. Chair.

EUsrnandez and Ximenes are {o confufed in their Defcriptions, and Names,
that, although the Figures are good, yet the Defcriptions are fo very bad
that I cannot make any thing of them. |

Ie

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. 243

—

It was the only general Spice of the Weft-Indies, and a Merchandife in
efteem amongtt the Zzdians, fome {trong, others eatable, it is only ftrong in
the Seeds and Veins. It is corrected by Salt or Yomato-Berties = it is too
bot for young Men, and Venereal, Acofta,

The Decoction of the Fruit brings away the Dropfie water. Cam.

It is planted very much in Spain, for ule in their Kitchens, either freth or
dry’d ’tis in ufe. Cluf.

The Roots, Stalks, Leaves and Flowers, are not in ufe, only the flefhy part
of the Pod and Seed, is planted for Ornament or Uf. It raifes Puftles wherever
applied. In opening the Pod, and taking out the Seed, afubtle Vapor pene-
trates the Nofe, going to the Brain, and draws out much tough Matter,
caufing Sneefing fometimes, and entering by the Mouth it caufes Cough and
Vomits. The Handsare {fo inflamed in holding it, that they muft be {peedily
wath'd for their burning. Clufus touching his Eyes, when Watering, with
this Vapor from the Seed, a great Inflammation came, which had almoft
coft him his Eyes but they grew well with frequent Lotion with cold water :
burnt they raife a very ftinking Smoak. Three of the Silique are dry'd over
the Fire, cut in {mall pieces, mix’d with a pound of Flower bak’d like
Bisket, then fearc'd and kept as the beft Preparation, and gives an Appetite ;
it is good againft old Coughs. Greg. de Reg.

Jt diffolveth Strame, cures the Sciatica and Quinfie, and Freckles, ap-
plied to the Face with Honey. Ger.

_Moft of the Fruits of .thefe Cup/ica are firfl green, then turn purple, and
afterwards {carlet.

The Fruit was ufed by the Zndians as a punifhment for Vagabonds, who
were forc’d for their Faults ro receive the fume of it. ?
~ At is ufed by the Spaniards in their Chocolate as well as Potages,

All thefe forts of Capfica differ little from one another in Vertues.

XLI. Periclymeum rectum herbaceum, gentiane folio, folii pediculo caulem ambi
ente. Cat. p. 115+ Lab.147. Figs ts...

This has a green, round, fmooth, jointed Stalk, rifing about a Foot high,
at every joint having a Leaf, whofe Foot-Stalk encompafles the Stalk at the
joint, making a hollow Zubulus wider then the Stalk about half an Inch
above the joint, which may beable to hold fome water. The Leaves are five
Inches long, and two broad, {mooth, thin, and fomething like the Leaves
of Phalanginm Dipetalon, or Gentian. Towards the top over againtt every
Leaf comes a five Inches long, jointed Foot-Stalk, on the top of which
ftand above two green, fimall Leaves, feveral, {mall, white Flowers. After
thefe follows feveral, round, pretty, large, black Acini, cluttered very clofe
together, making one Berry. In each of the Acini lies one black Seed with-
in a very thin Pulp, which ufually dries away.

It grew in the Woods by the Path going to Sixteen Mile Walk, very co-
pioufly, and in the Woods going to the North-fide, and elfewhere.

XLII. Viole folio baccifera repens, flore albo pentapetaloide, fruttu rubro di-
cocco. Cat. p.115. Pyrola afinis Malabarica Karinta-Kali. H. M. Pluken.
Almag. p. 309. Perislymeno accedens planta utrinfque India, foliis periclymeni
rotundioribus fructu bipyreno, Bob. hift.Ox. part. 3. p. $35.

This Herb has a {mall, round, creeping Stem, putting forth at its joints
many, fmall, fibrous Roots, and having {mall Branches, at about one Inches
diftance from one another, each of which is about an Inch and an half long,
having roundifh Leaves, ftanding oppofite the one to the other, on an Inch
Jong, reddifh Foot-Stalks, in every thing refembling thofe of Violets, only
{mailer and rounder, The Flowers come out at the tops of the meee

they

244 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

they are white, and divided in their Margins into five Sections, and to
them follows (everal red, {mooth Berries, round, as big as a {mall Pea, con-
taining in an Orange colour'd Pulp, two oblong, brown Seeds, each of
which is flat on one fide, and rais’d on the other, with a {harp or more
eminent ledge on it.

Ic grows in fhady, dark, and moift Woods in the Path going to Sixteen
Mile Walk, and ellewhere.

Boil’d in Whey it cures the Flux. Boil'd in Oil it cures bloody Eyes.
HI. M.

Gaus: KVI:

Of Herbs with bulbous Roots, thofe of their Kindred, and of Herbs
with Flowers that have fix or more Petalaor coloured Leaves.

Arciffus totus albus latifolins polyanthos major odoratus, fPaminibus
fex @ tubi ampli margine extantibus. Cat. p.115. Autre forte
de Lys. Rochef. tabl. prix. Narcif{us Americanus, flore multi-
plici albo odore balfami Peruviani. Tournef. Inf. p.358. White
Lilly.

This hasa Wiaskd bulb as large as ones Fift, made up of one white thick
Coat over another, as Onions, and having at bafe many white fibers, by
which it draws its Nourifhment. The Leaves are two Foot long, about
three Inches broad, channel'd, or being a little concave in the infide, very
green, juicy and {mooth. In the middle of thefe rifes a flat Stalk, four Foot
high, not hollow, but fill'd wich a fungous Matter, when cut dropping
water, about one third part of an Inch thick, and being fharp at the edges.
At the top of this are fix or feven, or more white Flowers, ftanding each
on a fix Inches long Foot-Stalk, each of which has a white large Zabus,
having fix Ribs, very long Stamina, or Lingule with long Apices, dividing
it into {o many parts, and {tanding up above the Flower on its edge or margin
two Inches long, being there of a green colour. A Stylus of the fame
colours, ‘is in the middle. There are fix white, five Inches long, very nar-
row, divided ‘Petala, which ftand between the aforefaid Lingaule.

The Flowers of this Plant havea very fragrant finell.

It grows in the Savanna’s beyond the Black River in the Low-Land Woods
every where in Famaica, in the Woods in St. Chriftophers, and by the Roads
in Barbados.

Jc is not only coveted as as ornamental and pleafant in Gardens, but Jike-
wife the Roots are us’d all over thefe Iflands, in lieu of White-Lilly-Roots
for Maturating Cataplafms.

Ii. Lilio-narci([us polyanthos, flore incarnato, fundo ex luteo albefcente. Cat.
p-uag5. Lilium Americanum, puniceo flore, bella donna dictum. Herm. par. Bat.
p-194. Lys des Antilles pareilles a mos Lys jaunes ou Orangers. Rochef. Tabl.
p. 122. Lilio-warciffus Americanus puniceo flore Bella donna dittus. Pluakenet.
Alm, p.220.

The Root of this is no larger than that of a great Onion, or the half
of ones Fift, a little oblong, made up of many white Tunicles or Coats,
inclofing one another, after the manner of Onions, having under its Bafe
maay whitifh fibers drawing its Nourifhment. The Leaves are one Foot

long,

The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica. 24

og
@,

Jong, an Inch and an half broad, juicy, of a very frefh green colour, blunt,
round, or obtufe at their ends, channel’d or furrowed towards the Stem,
or inwards. The Stalk rifes from the Leaves, being one Foot and an half
high, hollow, of about one quarter of an Inch Diameter, fuftaining on its top
feveral Flowers going out of, or inclofed in a membranaceous Sheath or
Follicle bow'd back, or hanging down by two Inches long Foot-Stalks. Each
of the Flowers is wide open, of a yellowifh and white colour in the middle,
and of aCarnation, or pale red the reft, having in its Center feveral reddith
and yellow Stamina.

It is planted along the Walks fides for Ornament in Gardens, and comes

from Barbados, where it iswild. It is {aid likewife to grow wild in the Gul-

lies here, and to come from Surinam.

III. Aloe Diofcorid. e& aliorum. Col. min. cognit. flirp. Cat. p. 115. Aloe
Muf. Mofcand. p.289. Aloe vera vulgaris Munt. Phyt. cur. p.r0. Tab. 96. Sem-
pervive,

This grows every where, where it is or has been planted, but I never faw
any that I thought was {pontaneous, in Jamaica, though cnough about old
ruind Plantations. It is planted both here, and chiefly in Barbados to make
Aloes to fend into Europe.

In {peaking of this Plant,’ Pifo fays he never found ir Purge, but only
that it was cleanfing if ufed by Chirurgeons, which is manifeftly contrary to
Experience, whence may be almoft plainly gathered that he took out of
Marcgraves Notes only, which in this Chapter he calls his owa, whereas
what Marcgrave there {peaks of feems not to relate to this Aloes, but to
all of them in general, and‘ to the Caraguata-guafa in particular. What
they fay of the Metle, muft belong to that not this, which is the true
Aloes.

The. Figures of thefe Plants in Pifo, are fo tranfpos’d that I cannot make
any thing of them. |

It purges and fortifiesthe Stomach again crude Humours. Dal.

It purgeth Choler, Flegm,’ Worms, opens Womens Obftru@tions, and the
Hemorrhoids. Jt is good againft Surfeits of Meat or Drink. Wath’d it
fortifies more, and purges lefs. - Ic is hor in the firft, and dry in the third
Degree. it preferves Carcafles, Heals bad Sores, {tops Bleeding, is good
for the Eyes, being drying, che. Ger.

The Jndians have a Medicine made of Aloes and Myrrhe, call’d Mocelar,
which they ufe in curing Horfes, and wormy Wounds. A Decodtion of
three Ounces of the Leaves, with two Drams of Salt, being boiled over a
gentle Fire, then ftrain’d- over night, and given the next morning to eight

Ounces, ’: gives © four-or ‘five''Stools. If it be bruifed with Milk, and ~

given to thofe troubled with an Ulcer of the Kidnies or Bladder, it cures
them. The fame cures Birds broken ‘Legs, and they are us’d in Zudra to
ripen Swellings. » There is great Controverfie between the Greeks and Ara-
bians concerning. Aloes,°the laft faying that it {trengthers the Stomach, and
opens. the Hxmorrhoids, the others denying it, who were certainly mi-
{taken The beft Aloes is that which is folid, without empty fpaces, and
not mix'd carelefly with Sand. The beft formerly was accounted that com-
ing from: Alexandria, whichis the fame now coming from Socotora. It
isimade 'JikeWife-in Cambaya and Bengale, but \ef§ efteemed. Garcias ab
Ort. Acofta. 2) ove: j ,

Diofcorides {ays it is very bitter and {trong {mell'd.

The Leaves are to be cut tranf{verfly, not long ways to cut the Veins,
which drop a yellowifh Juice,of which Aloes may be made, it dropping on a
glazed Tile. Col.

rr There

om a ty RD
aA a OO

ee

246 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

—-- ee

There are three forts of Aloes, viz. Lucida, Citriza, and Hepatica, which
is the wortt, the firft and fecond are almoft the fame or fuccotrine Aloes,
the laft is black and harder to break. ’Tis odorifcrous as Myrrhe, not ill
{inelled, unlefs not good or frefh. Bod. a Stapel.

’Tis infipid with us, but grows bitter in Stoves, being hang’dup, the #e
patic is belt. Cord. ; |

They take it up in Cyprus before Winter, and hang it up, planting it again
in the Spring. Gefz. |

It does not purge lef$ mix’d wich Honey, and is not hurtful to the Stomach,
Fuchy.

ae ufed, the Leaves being beaten, to confolidate frefh Wounds, and for
Corns. Cefalp.

Aloe is of two forts, the Caballina, or Arenofa, and the Socatrina, from
that Ifland or Aepatica, from its confiftence it is friable in Winter, and
foftifh in Summer. C. B.

It grows wild about Lisbon, dc. on Walls. Clu/.

This is the true Aloe, from whence comes the Aloe of the Shops. It is
made by cutting the Leaves obliquely, that a yellow juice may come from
the Veins running its length, which is evaporated a little , and makes a
ma{S agreeing to the Aloe of Diofcorides, crc. being all diffoluble in water,
and friable ro the Fingers. It is purgative, and outwardly applied flops
Blood.. The Leaf, the outward Skin taken off, with the juice applied,
curd a Palm of the Hand where Nerves and Tendons were hurt. Col.

Pieces of the green Leaf are given to Horfes for the Worms, as alfo to
Children for the fame Difeafe, with great fuccefs.

Ic is hang’d up to be ready in Houfes to apply to frefh Wounds. Park.

IV. Aloe (ecunda feu folio in oblongum aculeum abeunte. Morifon, Cat. p. 11 7e
An Aloe Americana fpinifera anguftis foliis radice bulbofa cujus folia ad pannum
conjiciendum funt apta. Pluken. Alm. p. 192 Aloe mncronato folio Americans
Major. Munt. Phyt. cur. p. 19. Tab. ox.

I canadd nothing to the Defcription extant in Authors.

It grows frequently on the rocky {mall Hills, in feveral places of this
land, in Bra/ile, New-Spain, ec. and Flowers generally about Adsy, afters
wards dying cown, Root and all. !

The Stalk and Flowers being very ftraight, and twenty Foot high, are
planted before Houfes for May-Poles.

The Leaves are us'd.to fcour. Rooms, Plates, or any thing withal, inftead
of Soap, having avvifcid Juice. 1t occafions a great pricking and tingling
in the Hands of thofe which are befmeared with it. :

Cloath is made of this, little inferior to Linnen Cloath, and Nets to Fifh
withal, both being made of the fibers of the Leaves.

The Root or Leaves being frefh, and bruifed, and thrown into water, kill
the Fifh, that they caneafily be taken with the Hand. Afarcgr.

The Wood is as good as Touch-Wood to kindle Fire, Acofa. or with
another harder rub'd on it to: beget Fire, and. to hang Hamacs by. arcgr-

They put forth new Leaves, like Sedums, being hang’d up ina Room.

Pifo’s Figure is very faulty. brige

Tt is fomewhat, doubtful whether,this be the fame Plant grows in Mexico,
call'd Maguei'ox Metl, Columna thinks this differs from it. However moft
of the properties of that of Mexico agreeing to this, I have fer down the
ufes they in Mextco make of it, viz :

About

The Natural Hifory of Jamaica. 247

About Afexico, and other places in Nova Hifpania, there groweth a cer-
tain Plant called Magueis, which yieldeth Wine, Vinegar, Honey, and
black Sugar, and of the Leaves of it dried they make Hemp, Ropes, Shoes
which they ufe, and Tiles for their Houfes, and at the end of every Leaf
there groweth a fharp point like an Awl, wherewith they ufe to bore or
pierce through any thing Chilton. ap. Flakl. p.3. ps 462.

There is much Honey, both of Bees, and alfo of a kind of Tree, which
they call Magweiz. This Honey of Magueiz is not fo {weet as the other
Honey is, but it is better to be eaten only with Bread than che other is, and the
Tree ferveth for many things, as the Leaves make Thread to fow any kind of
Bags, and are good to cover and Thatch Houfes, and for divers other things.
Frawks ap Hakl. p. 2. p.464. where he tells us it grows about Mexico, p. 465.
The Indians are given much to drink both Wine of Spain, and alfo a certain
Kind of Wine which they make with Honey of Magueiz, and Roots, and
other things which they ufe to put into the fame. They call the fame Wine
Pulco, they are foon Drunk, and when fo, are givento Sodomy, che. where»
fore all Wines are forbiden by a Penalty on Buyerand Seller i,

There (in the way from Pasuco to Mexico) alo groweth a ftrange Tree,
which they call Afagueiz, it ferveth themto many ufes: below by the Root they
make a hole whereac they do take'\outyof it twice every day a certain kind
of Liquor, which they Seeth ina great Kettle, till che third part be con
fumed, and that it wax thick, it is as{weet as any Honcy, and they do eat
it. Within twenty days after thatthey have taken all the Liquor from it, it
Withereth, and they cut it down, and ufe it as we ufc our Hemp here in Engs
land, which done they convert it to many ules, of fome part ithey ‘make
Mantles, Ropes, and Thread : of the ends they make Needles\to fow their
Saddles, Pannels, and other Furniture for their Horfes, of the°rett they
make ‘Tiles to cover their Houfes, and they put itcto many! other purpofes.
FTLortop. ap. £Lakl. p.3. p. 492. 7 [yeapzpoizoin * & POV!

The MacurieeTree',or .Cabuya, yields Wine,’ Vinegar, Honey, Beds,
Threads, Needles, (out of the prickles of the Leaves) Tables, and Hafts
of Knives, befides many-medicinable ules. Pedro. Ordonnes ap. Parchas,lib.7.
cap. 4. p-142x. {peaking of New-Spain: 10

Oviedo in his Coromica de las Indias, lib. 7. cap.x. tells us that they make
of this and Henequen, or Silk-Grafs, good Ropes. The Leaves are laid in
Rivers, and covered with Stones, as Flax in Spain, for fome days, then they
dry them inthe Sun, after clear them of filth, with which they make many
things, efpécially Hamacas, fome of this is white, others reddifh. . The Zp-
dians with thefe Threads have broke Prifons, and Chains of Jron feveral
times; nay, on the. Continent cut Anchors in pieces, rubbing it in the
fame place with this Thread, and putting now and then fome {mall Sand;
taking a new-firm. placevof. the Thread:as it breaks.

Hernandez, whofe Figureis not good,: fays this Plaat alone is fufficient for
Fields and Gardens., .. The; Leavesaregood ‘Thatch, the Stalks Beams; The
fibrous, ot nervous part fupplies the ufes of Flax, Hemp, or Cotton, to take
Thread or. Cloath ; \the.prickles are good: for Pins, Needlés, Nails;Bodkins;
and Piercers to. make holes.in the Ears. The Jadiaas likewile'us'd them to
do Pennance on their Bodies, neither were they unfit for inftruments' of War.
If this Plant be Lopt,,or,the Trunc cut off, there iffucs out forty orfifty Ar-
robas (each of whichis thirty two Pounds) of Liquor: from eacl Plant, oue
of which is made Wine,. Vinegar, Honey and Sugar,” The Liquor ‘is {weet
of its felf, and, drinkable, growing by boiling thicker, turning “firlt to Sy-
rup, then to Sugar. . They mix Water with the Juice, and fome Orange and
Melon Seeds, adding Jikewife fome intoxicating Ingredients, with which
they loye to be Drunk. Vinegar is made by mixing the Sugar with eae

| an

248 Lhe Natural Hiffory of Jamaica.

and expofing it nine days to the Sun. The Juice brings down the Catame-
nia, 18 Diuretick, opens the Belly, cleanfes the Kidnies, Bladder, and Ure-
ters, breaks the Stone, it is likewife vulnerary. The rofted Leaf, the Juice
fqueezd out with a little Nitre, takes away Scars if they be yet new, and
anointed therewith. The Leaves*and Trunc are, when bakd, eatable.
The Leaves, rofted and applied, remedy Convulfions, and take away Pains,
efpecially if the hot Juice be drank at the fame time, even if they come from
the Freach Difeafe.

This Aloes after ftanding one hundred years in .4vinion, flowr'd with
them, growing to its full Stature in forty five days, as may be feen by Fon-
tanus in his Epiftle, in Clufins’s Cure Pofteriores.

You muft not expect to make Aloes of the Shops of this. Col,

The Mexican Hiftory, apud Purchas, tells us that the Children of eight or
nine years of Age, were chaftifed with the Thorns of this thrutt into their
Bodies, for Difobedience or Negligence, and the Priefts correGed No.
vices with them, and brought blood for Sacrifices. The Wine made of
this had its inebriating quality from the Root, Tepatcli mix’d with ic. f- 998.

This is what the Women Cloath themfelves with in Sibola, Lop. de Gee
MAY A. .

It is ufed for a Fence, andcalled Cardon ; Shirts and Hamacsare made of
coe The Fume from it boiled, cures the Pox, caufing very much fiveat.
Claf.

Lact tellsus of Nequen, a Cloath for the meaner fort in New-Spain, made
of Lenequen,

This bruis’d and fteep’d° makes Flax, of which they make very white
Cloaths. C. B. and of this ¥ believe Clafias’s Thread was made, mentioned
Exot, p. 6 7

The Leaves boil’d yiclds Thread. The Root or Léaves bruifed putina
River, gives a Juice intoxicating the Fifh that they may be taken by Hand.
The great Trunc, dried, burns like a match, efpecially being rub’d againft
with another. Dz Zertre.

The tops and tender Leaves make Conferve, the Leaves are fic for Parch*

ment, or Cardsto write on, and the Vapour from large peices cures the Pox:
Duret.

Wi, Caraguata-acanga Pif Cat. p. 118. An Ananas fylveffris Brafliana Kere
kita vulgo.. Herm. par. Bat. Cat. p. 3? Yellow Peénenins of Dampier. “cap. 9.
Ananas Americana fylueftrisaltera: minor Barbados ‘“Infuie Famatce Pencuin
ditia. Pluken. Phyt. Tab. 258. Fig 4i ° Penguins, © :

I cannot add any thing material to the Defcription éxtant in feveral Au-
thors. wii |

It grows very plentifully in the Cuaribes, and Jamaica, between Paffie
Fort and the Town, as likewife towards the Sea-fide by the Salt Ponds.

The Fruit is very acceptable by reafon of its grateful acidity, but ir
not only fers the Teeth fpeedily on edge, but likewife brings the Skin off
of the Roof of the Mouth and Tongue. It quenches Thirft extremely, and
on the landing of the Exglifh Forces on Fiifpaniola, in their want of Water,
was thought to {ave many Lives by that its quality. deh

of

The Natural Fiiflory of Jamaica. 2409

of the Fruit, the Juice being {queez’d out and kept for ufe ; but becaufe ’tis
ftrong, it intoxicates and heats the Blood. Pifo. :

Pifos Figure isbad, as is PYernandez’s, if this be it he means, to which
the Defcription in every thing agrees, but in the fhortnefs of the Stalk.
Jo de Laet thought it the fame.

The Fruit helps Ulcers in the Mouth from heat. era.

It is antifcorbutick, and good in Fevers, Laet.

VI. Aloe Tucce foliis. Cat. p.118. An Aloe Americana non pinifira Tacce
feliis Domini Bobart. Pluken. Alm. p.19 2? Tucca Virginiana foliis er ambitum
apprime filatis, Ejufd. ib. p.3962 Tuecafolia filamentofa cr bulbofa. Ejufd. ib 2
Aloe Pita ditta. Herm, par. Bat. cat. p.3 2 Silk-Grafs.

This has long arundinaccous Leaves, and grows in the Caymanes.

This [ fuppofe to be what Zery tells us the Savages in Brafil made ule of
for Filhing-Lines, and Bow-Strings, and Dw Tertre fays, is made into Stock.
ings and Hamacks. They make a running Knot faft to a Tree, and fo
draw the Leaf through, firft one way, and then another, and keep the Flax
intheir Hand. TZertre.

In the Spanifb Galeons that were taken at Vigo, was a good quantity of
a kind of this, or Hemp, or Flax, the fibers whereof were three Yards long,
and very ftrong. It was of a grayifh colour; and | am told is brought to
Spaincto be wrought, either there or in /taly, into Point called Punta da pita.

In the Eaft-Zndies, in the Kingdom of Orixa, near the River Ganges, grows
a Plant, wich yields fibers as Flax or Hemp, or this Alocs. ‘The fibers are
whiter than chofe of the Aloes, and finer, and of thefe mention is made in
FHaklayt, in the two following places.

Cloath of Herbs, which is a kind of Silk, which groweth amongit the
Woods, without any labour of Man, and when the Bole thereof is grown
round as big as an Orange, then they take care only to gather them. Freé
derick ap. Hakl, p.2. p.r30 2

In Orixa is Cloath made of Cotton, and great ftore of Cloath which is
made of Grafs, which they call Yerua, it is like a Silk, they make good
Cloath of it, which they fend for Zedia, and divers other places. Fitch. ap.
Fahl. p. 237.

VIN. Aloe vifci in modum arboribus innafcens. Cat. p. 119:

The Leaves of this are very large, and like thofe of Aloes, always ready,
and fit to retain che Rain water, {everal Stalks rife up from among them a-
bout three Foot high, their tops being Cones or Spikes a Foot long, befet
very thick on every hand with an Inch long Foot-Stalks, fuftaining cach {e-
veral Heads, fometimes lower, and fometimes higher. They are oblong,
roundith, in the middle biggeft, and have each a red top, and three prickles
going out thereat. l

it grows on the large Arms and Truncs of great Trees efpecially thofe de-
ih through Age.

In fcarcity of Wells or water in dry Countries, Travellers come to this
for relief, it being capable to hold much pure water, able to extinguifh their
Thirft. The beft Polypody grows on this.
= The Thread lies on the Surface, whereas in the other Aloes it lies within:

entre.

This feems to be mention’d by Xvivet, viz. Thus {ceing my felf at the
laft caft, 1efpied a great Tree, in which grew a thing of thick long Leaves,
called by the Indians Caravala; as big as the Neft of an Eagle, | got me
into that, ¢c. Knivet. ap. Purchas, lib. 6. cap.7. 9. 2. p.t2L0. Where he hid
fiimfelf in ic from the Zndians fhooting at him.

Sie VIW. Orchis

a rns a nee nee oe

| 2 5 O The Natural Hiffory of ‘Jamaica.

VII. Orchis elaticr latifolia afphodeli radice, {pica ftrigofa. Cat.p. 119. Tab.
IA7: fy . By

F he ae of this was double, fungous, two or three Inches long, be-
ing fomewhat of the fhape of thofe of the Afphodel’s or Oenanthe's, and not
{o round as thofe of the Orchides Tefticulate. The Stalk was about a Foor
and an half high, being flender, jointed, and befet with Leaves alterna-
tively, which had Foot-Stalks of about an Inch long, by their under part
next the Stalk incompafling ir, and ‘making a Sheath for it. The Leaves
are about three Inches long, and one and an half broad in the middle where
broadeft, whence they decreafe to both extremes, ending in a point, being
nervous, and fomething like the Leaves of Saponaria. ‘The top of the Stalk,
about two Inches in length, is a flender Spike of Flowers, under each of
whichis a {mall membranous Leaf: the Petiolus of the Flower is crooked,
the Spur blunt, the Labellum {mall, andthe Galea large, and divided as others
of this Kind.

Jc grew inthe Woods of Mount Diablo.

IX. Vifcum radice Lulbosd majus > clatins, delphinii flore ferrugineo guttato.
Cat. p. 119. Tab. 148. Fig. 1. An Tzanxochitl. Hernandez. p. 4332 vel
Amazanili. Ejufd. p.349 2 Uracatu Marcgr. p. 35?

This grows on the Truncs and Arms of Trees, as Mifletoe, or others of
this Kind, and is the largeft of all thofe Ihave met with of its fort. The
Roots are large, and the Leaves many, long, narrow, {mooth, of a dark
green colour, and fomewhit like thofe of our common White Lillies. The
Stalk is round, tough, brown, crooked, rifing fix Foot high, and join at
every eight or nine Inches diftance, where are Branches ftanding ftraight
out wich feveral Flowers, whofe Foot-Stalks are an Inch long. The Flowers,
themfelves are of fix or feven Petala, each of which is narrow at the begin-
ning, and round towards its end, being of the fhape of a Spoon, only not
hollow, of a ferrugineous colour, and {potted, except one difform, hooded
Petalum, which is in the middle of a white colour, and within which are
feveral Orange colour’d Stamina.

It grows on the Truncs and Arms of Trees, between the Town and the
Salt-Ponds.

XX. Vifcum radice bulbofa minus, delphinii flore rubro fpeciofo. Cat. p. 119.
Tab. 121. Figs. An-vilcum arboreum feu epidendron {cille folits Barbadenfium.
Pluk. Alm. p. 350 >

This has a great many white, thick fibers or Roots, like the fibers of
Leeks, or Capreoli of Ivy, taking firm hold of the Trees Bark whereon it
grows, and being matted, or interwoven one within another. When united
they fend up one thick greenifh, almoft round, a little comprefs’d bulbous
or tuberous Leaf or Root, of an Inch Diameter, cover’d with fome brown
wither d Filaments. From the top of this comes two {mooth, ftriated, hol-
Jow, hard, light colour’d green Leaves, three Inches long, and one broad,
between which fprings out a naked, brown, jointed, round, fmooth Stalk,
about a Foot high; near, and at the top of which ftand feveral long, red-
difh purple Flowers, very beautiful, made up of fix Petal, five whereof
are broader, and fhorter than the others of this Kind, ftanding round, and
inclofing in their] Center a fixth large difform one, or inward Flower, like
the Flower of Lark-Spurs, which is in the inner part thereof yellowith, with
purple ftreaks. |

It

u~—_

The Natural Hiflory of J amaica, 251

It grows on the Ebonies, and other Trees in the Savanva Woods, very
plentifully, as alfo on the Palifadoes inclofing the Gardens of the Town
of St. Fago de la Vega. Terrentius ap. FLernand. his Defcription is as exactas
can be from the Figure of this Plant.

XI. Vifcum delphinii flore minus, petalis @ viridi albicantilus angnftisriins ras

dice fi:rosa. Cat. p.120. Tabr21. Fig 3. Orchidi affinis planta parafttica folio
craffo fulcato. Par. Bat. p. 187. Epidendron Curaffavicum folio craffo [ulcato
vulco. Ejufa. ibidem. — |
Several Cupreosi, a little longer, but of the colour and bi:nef$ of thofe of

climbing Ivy, warp and knit themfelves one within another, flicking very
clofe on every fide to the Bark of the Tree, or Palifado, or even into the
Body of the Tree, (forthe moft part rotten) on which they grow. Fromthofe
Roots come out feveral purplifh, round, jointed Stalks, from the upper-
tmhoft joint, about two or three Inches from the Root, (each of the under Js
ternodiums being very thort) ftands one pointed Leaf, which is very thick
or almoft round, three or four Inches long, of the bignels of a Goole-
Quill, the two infides flatted, purplifh in colour. Out of the infide of this,
upon a three, four, or five Inches long, green, round Foot-Stalk, or top of
the Stalk come feveral Flowers, having a long green Calyx, with five green-
ifh white, narrow Petala, {landing Star-fafhion, and in the middle is one
white hooded, large, difform Petalum, of a very odd fhape, and to thefe
follow an angular Tricapfular knob, very like thofe of feveral of the
bulbous Tribe, in which is contained a white, very fimall Farina.

_it grows on old Palifadoes and Trees, about the Town of St. Fago dé /s
Vega.

XII. Vifcum delphinii flore albo guttato minus, radicé fibrosa. Cat. p. 120.
Zab. 148. Fig. 2.

This froma matted Root like the others of this Kind, fends out feveral
Leaves three Inches long, and not one quarter broad, almoft triangular, and
of a yellowifh green colour, from the midft of which comes a Stalk in every
thing like the former, only the Flowers are more, and different, viz. each
is made up of four little white Petals, {potted with’ brown, and one large
one with fewer {pots, on which is a {mall yellow Hood, as in the Flowers
of Larks-Spurs, and oppofite to it, one like it of a blue colour, all ftand-
ingon Inch Jong Foot-Stalks, round the top of the Stalk.

{t grows on the Ebonics every where, efpecially on the way towards the
Angels.

XI. Vifcum delphinii. flore minimum. Cat. p.120. Ta>. 148. Fig: 3.

This was for Roots, manner of growth, Gc exactly the fame with the
preceding, only much lefler. The Leaves were ftriated, green, carinated,
and long, the Stalk not over three Inches high, having two or three
lefler Leaves on it. On the top of the Stalk were four or five Flowers,
{tanding on crooked, large Foot-Stalks, which are the Rudiments of the
Fruit. The Flowers were fo {mall that their Petala and parts were not eafily
to be diftin@ly difcerned, but I fuppofe they were the fame witlr the
others. |

"It gréw onthe Truncs of Trees by the way going to Guanaboa onthe Red
Hitls and other places.
This is very like Zsjerow-ManeMaravara. EI. M. pot2eoporr. Tabe5s But
leffer.

XIV. Ny:

~

atiataie 2

2 5 2 Tbe Natural Eiftory of Jamaica.

NIV. Nympea alba major. C. B. Cat. p. 120.

I could not obferve any difference between that here and in Europe.

It grows in a Pond near the Ange/s, on the frefth water Lazuna in the Cay
visnes, and in the way to it very plentifully. We are told it grows in Java,
by Bout. p. 129.

It is for qualities the fame with the Furopean being dry. The Leaves ap-
plied cure hoc Ulcers, Inflammations, and the Erifypelas of the Legs. The
Onl of its Root is likewife moft excellent again{t both inward and outward
hot Diftempers, the Root boiled is accounted an Alimentary Medicine, by
way of Sallat, and cures Fluxcs of Blood. Pife.

It extinguifhes the Appetite to Venery both inwardly and outwardly
ufed. Ger.

The Infufion of the Flowers in water fora night, drank ‘in the morning,
is uled by the Zurks to keep them from the Head-ach. Dorf.

In Ferdinando de Soto’s Expedition into Florida, written by a Portuzal of El-
vas, p.54. 4p. Purchas,p. 1533. The Jndians being {urrounded in a Lake by
the Chriftians, they endeavour'd their efcape in the night, with thefe Wa-
ter-Lily-Leaves on their Heads,

XV. Nymphes Indica flore candido felio in ambitn (errsto, Commel. Cat. p. 120.
Nymphaea Indica crenata flore pleno, candido, Pluk. Alm. p.267. Nymphes A-
gyptiaca alba folio crenato radiee tuberofa. Bob. hiff. part. 3: P- 513- An Nym-
phes Malabarica alba, crenatis foliis, radice fibrofa floribus ex albo refacets. Fj. ib >

This differs from the former by its indented Leaves, which are deeply cur
in on the edges, agreeing with the Defcription and Figure of this Plant X=
tant in Authors.

{t grew on the Freth River going up to the Laguna.

The L£egyptians eat the Stalks in the Heats. They ufe the Leaves and
Flowers, as likewife the Juice for all hot Pains, Inflammations, Burnings,
Ulcers, ce. as likewife the Oils, which are ufed in want of Sleep, The
Seed and Roots are ufeful in Dyfenteries, Diarrheas, Gonorrheas, and the
Flaor alous ; but it makes People frigid, therefore ’tis us’d by Hermits. Alp.

The £eyptians make their Sarbet Nufar of Sugar diffolv'd, from which the
water is evaporated till it Candy’s, then they put to it fuch a {mall quantity
of the depurated Juice of this Plant, fo as not to hinder its Concretion,
Vefling.

This was carried to the /ndies by way of Merchandife. Bod.

Salmafius mended Pliny putting the word Refidentibus for Recedentibus; tot
it grows on the top of the water. Pliny tells us it was uled for Bread by
the Egyptians, and that when hot it was good, never occafioning Loofene(s
or Tenefmas.

Diodorus Sicatus, mentions it among the Edibles of Ezypt.

It extinguifhes Venery very much. . B.

Its Root is ufed as Meat. The Root is alfo given in Decoion for
the Dyfsriz. The Seeds candied with Sugar take off rhe hearof the Bones,
The Leaves, beaten together with thofe of Otte! Ambel, and boil'd with But-
ter, makes an ¢rrbinwm which is good for pain’d Eyes. HY. M.

The Ambel of the H.M. and the Lotus LEgyptia of Alpinus, feem to meto
differ in very little from each other.

XVI. Nymphee minoris afinis Indica lore albo pilofo. Commelin, Cat. p. 124.
Nymphaea Indica {ubrotundo folio minor, flore albo fimbriato. Plukenet, Alm. p. 567.
Nymphoides Indica flore albo fimbriato. Tournef. Inft. p. 154.

This

The Natural Fiifory of Jamaica. 25 3

This hada Leaf fomewhat like Coltsfoot, which floated onthe top of the
water like the Leaves of Water-Lilics, each Leaf was roundifh, and about
two Inches Diameter, having a defect towards the Foot-Stalk, being thick, of
a yellowifh green colour, and fmooth without any appearing Nerves in it.
The Foot-Stalks of each Leaf were about a Foot long, or reached to the
bottom of the water, round, and brownifh, and out of them, juit under the
Leaf its felf, came the Flowers, which were feveral, fome on Inch long,
others on fhorter Foot-Stalks, being enclofed in a Calyx, made up of feveral
{mall Leaves, like the former, and containing in rotten Heads, fome pretty
darge Seeds.

It grew on the furface of ftanding waters in the Savannas, where they
were not deep.

The whole Plant, bruifed and boiled with Butter, taken inwardly, is an
Antidote againft the biting of the Snake called Cobra Capella. Hi. M.

XVIL Nymphee afinis paluftris, plantaginis aquatica folio, flore hexapetalo
feellari coruleo, Cat. p. 121. Tab. 149. Fig. 1.

This has a great many white fibers, like thofe of the Roots of a. Leck,
and feveral Leaves, the Stalks of which inclofe one another, and are full
of Cells or Membranes, as other watry Plants. Thefe Foot-Stalks are a-
bout feven Inches high, and about their middle, like to the Figures of Gra-
men Parnaft, {end out an Inch long Foot-Stalk, fuftaining a blue, hexape-
talous, ftarry Flower, after which follows a great many {mall, flat, blue Seeds.
The Foot-Stalks have at their ends green, roundifh, nervous Leaves, like
thofé of the leffer Water Plantains.

_ It grows in the Savannas, in places where water has ftood, moft part of the
year.

: This is of the fame Kind with Carim-Gola. H. M. P.t1. p.gt. Tab. 44.
only lefler and fewer Flowers come out together.

- XVIID.: Canna Indica. Riv. Cat.p. 121. De Bry Florileg, Canna Indica flore
rubro. Swert. part:2. Tab. 32. Cannacorus latifolius vulgaris. Tournef. El..p.r95,
Inft. p. 367. Canna Indica fylueftris fruitu faxea duritici, & gypf adinftar,
mana {ub dentibus [crupofo, Wild Plantine Barbadenfibus ditta. Pluken, Alm. p80.

It grows inthe Lower Grounds very commonly, having {carlet coloured
Flowers.

The Leaves are cold inthe fecond Degree, and cleanfing. They are ufe-
ful againft many cutaneous, inward and outward Diftempers. Appliedto the
right Alypochondre, with White Water Lily, and Avinga Oil, they cure an
over-heated Liver, or Spleen. The Gum coming out of this Plane does the
fame. Pifo. ,

_ The Seeds are made into praying Beads. Marcgr.

This Plant repels Tumours, for the Root which is ufed is glewy, of a
{weet taft, and cold and moift. Herz. ,

It feems to wrap'up,Gum Elemmi. Banh.

It grows very well under the water Spouts in Portugal. Cluf.

Out of the Fruit, a little rofted, a Juice is drawn, which put into the
Ears eafes their pain. Of the fame, and Sugar is made a MafS, which ap-

lied to the Navel cures the Diabetes, proceeding of hot Fevers. The Juice
of the Root weakens the Poifon of Mercurius Sublimatus. HY. M.

‘XIX. Canna Indica radice alba alexipharmaca. Cat. p.122. Tab. 149. Fig. 2.
Canna Indica anguftifolis, pediculis longis ad imum folinm, nodo fingulari genic
culatis. Pluken. Alm. p.79. Indian Arrow-Root. |

ett This

254 ‘The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

This has a two or three Inches long, jointed Root, as big as ones Thumb ;
white, tapering, each internodium being half an Inch long, and at the joint
having feveral two or three Inches long fibers to draw its Nourifhment from
the Earth. From this Root rife feveral Leaves, having three Inches long,
broad, Foot-Stalks, inclofing one another with a white Ring at the Leaves
fetting on, they are four Inches long, and two broad, near the round Bate,
where broadeft : thin, nervous, graflie, and of a yellowifh green colour, in
every thing like the Canna Indica. The Flowers, by their Buds, feem to
agree in every thing with the foregoing, only are {maller.

This Plant was firft brought from the Ifland Dominica, by Colonel Fames
Walker, to Barbados, and there planted. Fromhence it was fent to Famaicz,
being very much efteem’d for its Alexipharmack qualities. That Gentle-
man obferved the Native Zndians ufed the Root of this Plant with fuccefs,
againft the Poifon of their Arrows, by only mafhing and applying it to the
poifon’'d Wounds.

The Root of this bruifed and applied remedies the Poifon of the
Mancaneel and Walps of Guadaloupe, even {topping a begun Gangreen., Zertr:.
Rochef. |

I am inclinable to think this to be mentioned by Harcourt to. grow in
Guiana, where he {ays that the Juice of the Leaf called Oppec, cures the
Wound of the Poifoned Arrows. Harcourt ap. Purchas, lib. 6. cap. 6. p.1276.
and by Sir Walter Rawleigh, where he tells us that there is a Root called 7s
para, the Juice ferving for ordinary Poifon, quenching the heat of burning Fe-
vers, healing inward Wounds, and Veins bleeding within the Body, Sir Water
Raleigh, p.59. ap. Hakl. p.649. 1 believe this alfo to. be thar Root fpoke —
of by Lopez de Gomara, tobe a Counter-poifon to the Manganeel, which
he fays grows in Cartagena, and was faid to be the Herb wherewith Alewan-
der heal’d Ptolomy, and which was difcovered by a Afoor in Catalonia, and
was called Scorgonera, in which he might be eafily miftaken, there being
{ome refemblance between the Root of this Plant and of that.

Fob Horton. ap. FLakl. p.3. p. 487, fays that eight of their Men, witly their
General and Captain Dudley, going afhore at Cape Verd, were by the Negros
there wounded with poifoned Arrows, amongft which the cight died, the
General being cured bya Clove of Garlick drawing the Poifon cur of his
Wound, he being taught it by a Negro.

XX: Alfinefolia per terram fparfa, flore hexapetalo purpurco. Cat. p. 12%.

This from a {mall fibrous Root, fends out feveral Branches: lying: along
the Ground, red, of: about a. Foot ins length, having Leaveslike thote
of Chickweed, fet one againft another at equal: diflances ‘along~-the
Stalk: the Flowers ftand at the ends of the Branches are few hexapetalous;
of a purple colour. After thefe follows a green Head, inclofing feveral
roundifh, flac, brown Seeds. id ei

It grows every where in the Savannas, efpecially in dry places. «

CHAP.

The Natural Eiiftory of Jamaica. 255

———

, Cw ae XVI
Of Herbs whofe Flowers are compofed of feveral Flowers.

Onchus Leavis Cord. hift. Cat. p. 122. Common fmooth Sowthiltle.
This is common every where through the whole Ifland.
It is cooling and adftringent, and good for hot and burning Sto-
machs. It increafes Milk. It is proper for pains and gnawings of
the Stomach. Jr is a remedy againft the bitings of Scorpions.

Fuchf.
It begets Milk in Nurfes, in Peffaries it is good for Inflammations of
thofe parts. Loz,
They are eat in /taly, efpecially the tender Roots by way of Sallet. Math.

Il. Sonehus afper laciniatus. Park. Cat. p. 123.
1 found this on the fide of a Hill near Mr. Batchelor’s Houfe, about four
Miles from the Town of St. Fago de la Vega.

It is good againft cold Pains of the Stomach, and Obftru@tions of the
Liver, and Gall Bladder. Adv.

Ill. Hicracinm fruticolum, anguftiffimis gramincis foliis, capitulis parvis. Cate

p. 123. Tab. 149. Fig. 3.
© This hada whitifh oblong Root, with feveral fibers to draw its Nourifh-

ment, from whence rofe a folid, ftraight, ftriated, green, {mall Stalk, about
a Foot high, having Branches fet oppofite one to the other, going out of the
Ale of the Leaves. The Leaves were about two or three Inches long, and
very hard, like thofe of Grafs, without any \Foot-Stalks, ending in points,
by which this may be fufficiently diftinguifh’d from all Ihave hitherto feen
of this Kind. The tops of the Twigs have fmall Heads of Flowers’ and
after them a long pappous Seed, as others of this Kind.

I am not certain where I found this.

IV. Hieracium minimum, longis integris & anguftis foliis. Cat. p.123. Tab.
150. Fig. 1. Botpih

From a fmall, fibrous, oblong Root, {prings one round, red Stalk, three
or four Inches high, having here and there, without any order, little Branches
fer with many long, not indented, nor finuated, narrow Leaves. Their edges
are hairy, and their backfides fpotted with blackifh fpots. At the tops
of the Bratiches {tand yellow Flowers, in every thing like thofe of the other
ETieracinums. :

It grows every where in the drier or fandy places of the Town Savanna.

V. Dens leonis, folio fubtus incano, flore purpurco. Cat. p. 123. Zab. 150.

Fig. 2. : ae
This has feveral reddifh, Inch long Roots, which united make an_half
Inch long white one, fending forth round the top of the Root, on the fur-
face of the Ground, a great many Leaves three Inches long, and one broad,
near the end where broadeft. The Leaves have near the Root feveral deep
Incifures or jags, and there they are narrow, as the others of this Kind. T he
upper fide of the Leaf is of a dark green colour, and under it is very white
or woolly, and in every thing for fhape it is like the Leaf of our eet
ens

2 56 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

Dens Leenis. In the middle of thefe Leaves rife one or more Stalks, they
are naked, pale green, covered with Wool or Down, a Foot and an half
high, and the Head has onthe outfide a Calyx, made up of many green
Leaves, fome purple Petala ftanding round a whitifh hairy Matter, after
which follows pappous Seeds, ftanding round, ready to fly away when ripe,
like the Seeds of the common Dens Leonis.

It grew near Colonel Cope’s Plantation at Gwanatoa.

The Decoctien is given to Women in Childbed. It diffipates Wind, pro-
vokes the Catamenia, is good againft Convulfions, takes away Gripes, and
is aremedy againft all forts of Cold, for it is hot and bitter. Hernand.

VI. Conyza major inodora, helenii folio integro ficco cr duro, cichorii flore
albo ¢ ramorum lateritus exennte. Cat. p. 123. Tab. 150. Fig. 3,4.

This at firft coming up has a great many Leaves, like thofe of the Facobes

folio integro, five Inches long, and one and an half broad near the end where
broadeft, beginning very narrow, it continues fo for two Inches of its length,
and endsinaround point, ‘tis hard, {mooth, of a dark green’ colour, {nipr
or indented about the Edges. In a while after thefe Leaves rifes a round,
ftrong, green Stalk, four Foot high, from every joint, at a quarter of an
Inches interval, goes one of thele Leaves, inclofing the Stalk where it is
joind to it. It has Branches towards the top, ftanding round at every
joint, divided into others, which are befet with leffer Leaves. Ex alis foli-
orum come the Flowers, without any Foot-Stalk, ftanding in feveral green
Leaves, being a great many white, long, Petala, ftanding round like thofe
of Cichory. After thefe follow pappous Seeds.

This is very anomalous, butI think it comes neareft to this place, al-
though, if 1 rightly remember, ‘tis not milky.

Ir grew on the other fide of the Rio Cobre, near the Town of St. Jago de
la Vega, in Guanaboa, near Colonel-Cope’s Houfe-in his Plantation, and in
the Thickets, near the Monegue Savanna, very plentifully.

The Stalks and Leaves of this Plant being hard, are made ufe of for
Brooms to {weep and clean Houfes withal.

VIN. Conyza inodora, helenii folio, integro, dure, angufto, oblengo, capitulis
in lateril us ramorum conglomeratis, Cat. p. 123. Tab. 148. Fig.

This had a large oblong Root, with {ome lateral fibrils, from whence rofe
a fingle, rourd, {triated, hollow Stalk, about two Foot high, having Leaves
fet on it alternatively, without any Foot-Stalks; rheit lower part whereby
they are joined to. the Stalk, having a membrane inclofing it. Thefe Leaves
are about five Inches long, and half an Inch broad near their top where
broadeft, from the Foot-Stalk, increafing to near:the top, where they are
broadeft, ending round, being of a pale green colour, and corrugated on
theirfurface. Towards the top come the Flowers in a Spike, ftanding with-
out any Foot-Stalks, being inclofed with a Perianthium, made of fome few
dry membranes of a brown colour, fometimes one of thefe, and fome-
times many being conglomerated together. After each of thefe follows {mall,
brown cannulated Seeds, having much Pappus on it.

I found it about Mount Diablo very plentifully.

Any body who compares this Defcription and Figure with thofe of Cory.
[anthemum Virginianum caule alato ramofius flore minore, Plak. Phyt. Tab. 439.
Fiz.3. Alm. p. 109. will find them very different from one another, though
Dr. Plukenct in his Almageft. p. 46, thinks they may be the fame.

VIII. Conyza

wove

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 257

a

VIN. Conyza fruticofa, cifti odore, floribus pallide purpureis, fummitatibus ras
mutlorum infidentibus, capitulis cr femine minoribus. Cat. po 123. Tab. 151.
Fig.r.

“This Shrub rifes to about fix or even Foot high, it has feveral Stems as big
as ones Thumb, covered witha reddifh brown Ropy, or membranaceous tough
Bark, and the Branches go out oppofite one to the other, or fometimes
three together, they are thick fet with Leaves, ftanding on a quarter of an
Inch long Foot-Stalks; they are Inch long, half as broad near the round
Bafe where broadeft, the Nerves running from the Foot-Stalks end, as from
a common Center, they are fomewhat rough, vifcid and f{mell like thofe
of Ciffus. Thetops are branched out into feveral Foort-Stalks, fuftaining fe-
veral naked Heads like thofe of Facobea of a pale purple colour. After thefe
follow many f{mall, light brown, oblong, canulated pappous Seeds. There
are fome {mall varieties of this.

It grows by the way going to Guasaboa on the Red Hills, and on Mount

Diablo on a {mall Savanna very plentifully.

IX. Conyza fruticofa, cifti odore, floribus pallide purpureis fummitatibus ras
mulorum infidentibus, capitulis & femine majoribus. Cate p. 124. Tabs 191.
Pig. 3

’Tis in every thing like, the former, only feemed fomewhat larger, the
Heads were alfo much larger, being inclofed by feveral Leaves of a brown
colour, furrounding Squammatim the Flowers and Seed.

X. Conyza fruticofa, folio haftato, flore pallide purpureo. Cat. p.124. Eupa-
torium Americanum, foliis urtica mollibus cy incanis. Tournef. Inft.p. 456: An
Conyza Americana urtice folio flore caruleo. hort. Amft. p.99 ?

This by a large woody Stalk rifes to about feven Foot-high, the Batk is
of a whitifhcolour, the Branches are quadrangular, and. fet oppofite one to
another. The Leaves ftand likewife on the ends of the Twigs on an Inch
tong Foot-Stalks, oppofite onetothe other, being almoft triangular, an inch
and an half long, and more than anInch broad at Bafe, a little hairy, having
Ribs run through the Leaf to the feveral parts of it from the end of the,Foor-
Stalk. They are of a. yellowifh green colour,..and very,,odoriferous. Ex
alis foliorum towards the tops are {mall two Inches long Stalks, having here
and there {maller Leaves of the fame fhape with the larger, {upporting {e-
veral naked Flowers, each whereof have an half Inch long Foot-Stalk, is
naked, and compofed of many pale purple Flowers with their feveral Sta-
mina, {tanding very clo{e by one another, and all inclofed by many green,
long, fcaly Leaves. . After thefe follow feveral {mall; oblong, cannulated,
or ftriated Seeds, of a light, brown or gray colour, having fome {tiff pappous
hairs on their ends. :

It grows every where about the Town.

It is counted an admirable vulnerary, being only beaten and applied,
having cur’d one who was Lanc’d through the Body at the taking of the
Ifland. cunts 7 Bedi ¢'

There is a variety in this, the Leaves being fometimes more hairy, and

{maller;

XI. Conyza fruticof flore pallide purpureo, capitulis & lateribus ramulorum
fpicatim excuntibus. Cat. p. 124... dn Cotino affinis arbor Americana, Tremate

Brafilienfibus. Marcgr. Pluken. Alm. p. 20?
Uuu This

os ALTE SE cee, eee

258 The Natural Hifory of Jamaica.

This Shrub rifes to four or five Foot high, having a round, whitifh,
woody Stalk, its Branches come out at top, and are reflected, or bow
downwards. The Twigs are thick fet with {mall Leaves, coming out alters
natively on fhort, or no Foot-Stalks, they are fomewhat curled, or uneven
on their furface like Sage Leaves, an Inch and an half long, and half an
Inch broad in the middle where broadeft, ending in a point, and being
whiter on the under fide. Ex alis foliorum come the Flowers, which are of a
light purple colour, like the others of this Kind, inclofed with fome pale
brown Leaves. After thefe follow fmall, oblong, white pappous Seeds.

It grows in the cleard Woodlands at the Crefcent Plantation, and in the
Caribe Mlands. s

The bruifed Leaves are good againft Pains and Inflammations of the Eyes.
The Leaves and pappous Seeds, becaufe of their being Aromatick, are good
in Baths tocleanfe and fcour. Pifo. 7

XI. Conyza major odorata, fen bascharis, floribus purpurtis mdis, Cat. p. ta 4.
Zab. 152. Fig.t. |

This has a large, woody, fhort Root, having very many fibrils on every
fide. The Stalk rifesas high as that of Baccharis Mon{pelienfium. Ger. Park.
being round purple, folid, having Leaves flanding without any order, on an
Inch long Foot-Stalks, being three Inches long, one broad in the miiddle
where broadeft, rough, and notch’d about the edges. The Stalks are di-
vided towards the top iato feveral Branches, cach being fubdivided into fe.
veral others, on the topsof which are round, purple Heads, of the bignefs
of thofe of the Baccharis Mon(pelienhum, confifting of an innumerable com-
pany of dry Pétala,and white Down, almoft like thofe of Gasphaliam America-
num, after which int fall time follow many {imall, brownifh, cannulated,
pappous Seeds. > RAE

The whole Plant is very gratefully odoriferous. :
It grew by the Sea-fide in the Marifh Grounds by Mr. Delserée’s in Lie
RUBE. :

XH Comzsurtica folio. Cat. p. 1244. Tab. 152. Fig. 2.

This had feveral white, {trong filaments for Roots, with lateral fibers,
from which went up a {quare, reddifh coloured, woody Stalk, @ Foot and
an half high, more orlefs. The Leaves, as well as Branches, ftartd oppofite
tofone another, the firfton three quartets of an Inch: long Foot-Stalks, ‘Being
about amInch and an half long, and three quarters of an Inch broad in their
middle where broadeft, hairy, from their Foot-Stalks end inereafing to the
middle, anid thence-decreafing to a point, being very much ferrared about the
edges, afid like the Leaves of ‘Nettles. The Flowers arid Séed comé at
top, the latter being cannulated; fmall, black and pappous;’ inclofed’ with
an Leaves for their Calyx, fet round them /quammatim, as in others of this
Kind. i YIDVIEWOTS -

. It gtows in Famaica and the Caribes. dis V9 IUOY

XIV. Conyza folio haftato, feu triangulari, ferrato, glabro. Cat. p..24. Tab,
IGF. Hise 1, Be ome ‘Serecaaiamate “cipstachdiaion
This Plant has a long, white Root, with feveral lateral fibrils, fending up
a green, {mooth fourfquare Stalk, one Foot and an half high, bigger than a
Swans-Quill: At‘an Inch and: an half’s diftance the Bratiches come out fer op-
pofite one to the otlier, and the Leaves on the Brattches in tke manner,
ftanding on Inch long Foot-Stalks, ‘being: altttoft triampular, they are ant fitclt
broad at Bafe, and a little longer from the Foot-Stalks end to the op-
pofite point, ferrated pretty deép on the edges of a yellowith green —
3 ing

The Natural Hifi ory of Jamaica. a 7

being nervous, having Ribs running through them like thofe of Plan-
tain. The Flowers come at top of the Branches, are whitifh and naked like
thofe of Ground{el, and after them follows a {mall, pappous, cannulated;
brown Seed. ~ 3 : |

There is a variety of this, having the Leaves as it wete cared at Bate.

It grew in Colonel Nedham’s Plantation in Sixteen Mile Walk.

XV. Conyza minor procumbens fatida, flore Inteo, feminibus tomento obduitis.
Cat. p. 124 Lab.153. Figs 3. ?

Several Strings, or brown, fmall fibrils, fend forth on all Hands f{quare
Stalks, of about a Foot in length, at every two orf three Inches of which
are joints, and from thefe proceed the Branches, Twigs and Leaves. The
Leaves are hairy all over, without any Foot-Stalks, an Inch long, atid half as
broad in the middle, where broadeft, {nipt, of indented about the edges, of
a ycllowifh green colour, and unfavory {mell. The Flowers ftand many to+
gether on the tops of the: Branches, ard ex <alis folioram, and are of a
yellow colour. After thefe follow a great many long, black Seeds, covered
all over with:a white: Wool.

{t grows in feveral places where Woods have beets cleat’d in- moft Planta-
tions of the Ifland.

XVI. Affer folio oblongo, integro, flore pallide coruleo. Cat. p. £24.

-, Vhis rifes about a Foot arid am half high, with a reddifli, routid, finooth
Stalk; having long pointed Leaves, broadeft in the middle, a little whitifh,
finooth, without: any notches on theedges, The Flowers are many, of a
very light blue colour, the middle and -Barbsle being both of the fame
colour.’ Kdid not obferve whether the Seeds were pappous or not; fo know
not whether it be atrue After or Chryfanthimum afferis facies ©’ -

ft grows in moift watery places in the Savannas about the Town.

The Defttiption ofthis fhews it to be very different from the Afer wove
Belgia latifolins umbellatus floribus dilute vielaceis. Herm. Fort. Leyd. This
I take notice of, becaule’ Doctor Plukenct in his Mantiff. p.29. thinks they
may be the fame. |

XVI: After cansdenfis annuus. nom deftriptus.» Branyer? Hort. Bhef. Cat.
p24. Conyza acris annna alba hirfata major. Plukem Alm. p. Ut7e

I found this in feveral places of this Mand, as likewife plentifully in the
Caribes.

~ XVIN. Sewecio major florum calyce purpareo. Cat. po 124. :

This! has feveral white fibrils, going out of every fide of an oblong,
reddifti Root, from «whence fprings up a: round, green, jaicy Stalk, about
one Footand an halfltigh Ie has Leaves #tregula ly placd, and thick fet on
every. fide: without auly Foor-Sralks, about four’ Inches long, and an Inch
Broad: nae’ the farther “endo where broadeft, beginning narrow, ihcreafing
to nearctle end, wheitce'it ftraicens; ending if a point, being very much fi-
nuated, or jagged on the edges like ordinary Ground (el. At the top come
the Flowers, beiig wavy, naked, of-a yelowith whice colouti ay caly-
cular Leaves are purple, and cach flands on fometimes # lofiget; and fome-
ti er Foot-Stalk. a
ie ireele clear’ Giound it Colonel Nedbam's Plantation’ in fixteen

d . i } | of « ’
needle to mexeo fhe very differen’ fort’ the Senecte vifcofas AE thhopi-
cas florea parparée. Breyn-cent. As nvay be eafily’ gathered frow? their totes
and Deferiptions, - De. Pjakiner in: iis Munrife; p. 470% thinks they may beth
fame. XIX. Senecio

260 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

so

XIX. Senecio minor, bellidis majoris folio. Cat. p. 125. Tab. 152. Fig. 3.

This has feveral Inch and an half long, fmooth, fmall, white Roots, no
bigger than Thread. The Stalk is round, hoary, about five or fix Inches
high, having fome few Leaves on them, without any order. The Leaves
have no Foot-Stalks, but {tick to the Stalk with a narrow beginning, and aug-
mentto their round end, being in all about an Inch long, rough, hoary;
and of a whitifh green colour, very often having two or three notches
in them, and like in fhape to the Leaves of the Bellis major caule foliofo,
C. B. pin. The top of the Stalk and {mall Branches coming out ex afis foljo-
yum, {upport the Flowers, which are in every thing like thole of Groundfel,
being made up of many {mall, yellow Flowers, clofe fer together, and en-
circled by many whitith, long, narrow Leaves.

Ir grew onthe Banks of the Rio Cobre, under the Town, on the fame fide
of the River.

The Figures and Defcriptions of this Plant, and the Senecio trixaginis [pecie
ac mollitia cauliculis fubrubicundis. Plin. Pluken, sdlm. p. 343. Phyt. Tab. 315.
Fiz.1. fhew them to be very different, though Dr. Plskenet in his Manri{fa,
p-170. thinks they may be the fame.

XXI. Virga aurea major, five herba Doria, folio finuato hirfuto, Cat. p.125.
7ab.152. Fig. 4.

This has..a very ftrong, Inch thick, ftriated, green Stalk, as high, or
higher thanja Man,’ having along the Stalk, feveral Leaves Jarger than thofe
on its- Branches, which are four Inches long, and one broad in the middle
where broadeft, rough;-finuated about the edges, and of a dark: green co-
lour. Towards the top of the Stalk are many Branches and Twigs, every
one of which fuftains a great. many naked, yellow Flowers, like thofe of
Facobad.

It grew on the Road to Mountain River, in. Colonel Cope’s Plantation.

XXL ZAelichryfum caule alato, floritus {picatis. Cat, p.125. Tab. 1525 Fig. 5.

This has feveral ftraight Stalks rifing two Foothigh fromthe fame Root.
The Staiks are round, though the two long, one tenth part of anJnch broad
Fimirie, belonging to each Leaf, makes it look as if it were four {quare,
being on every fide of the Stalk, The Leaves are tet. at about an Inches di
{lance from: one another, on-every fide of the Stalk, having the two Fimbriz,
or ledges aforefaid under them on each fide. They are three Inches long, and
not over one quarter of an Inch broad, indented flightly about the edges, of
a very dark green colourabove,-and woolly or white. underneath, with one
eminent Nerve running longways. The tops of the Stalks, and the {mall
Branches near the top coming out ex alis foliorum are Spikes of Flowers
{tanding fometimes fingly, and fometimes three or four in a Tuft; on the
very Stalk its felf, without any Petioli, or Foot-Stalks, being naked, the
outwardmoft Calicular Leaves inclofing the Flowers, and the tops at firft
coming our being purple. Afterthefe come a great many {mall pappous Seeds,
as inthe othersof this Kind.

This grows in the dry Savanmas, near Mr.Batchelors, and_over the Rie
Cobre by the Angels.

XXII. Chryfanthemum fruticofum maritimum, foliis glancis oblongis, lore lu-
teo. Cat. p.125. |

This Shrub rofe to about four Foot high, having undera whiteilh, fmoorh
Bark, a, white Wood, being about the. bignefs of ones little. Finger, di-
vided) into feveral Branches, towards the top fet’ oppofite ro one anothier,
ye whereon

The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. 261

whereon grow the Leaves by Tufts, or feveral together, one Tuft being
fet oppofite to another, and made up of longer and fhorter Leaves, which
when Jongeft-are about an Inch in length, and one third parc of an Inch
broad near the end, where they are round and broadeft, having at the end
athort, {tarce difcernible prickle. They are at their beginning narrow, with-
out any Foot-Stalks, all covered with a Down, making them look white all
over, without any incifures on the edges. On the tops of the Branches
'fland the Flowers in large Heads, on the outfide of which are many whitith
finail Leaves, inclofing the Flowers, which are many, clofe fet together, of a
‘yellow colour, having a Cirele of the like colour'd Petala, or Barbuyle ftand-
ing above them. After thefe follow. many folid Seeds, like the others of
this Kind.
I found it growing near St. Chriffopher’s Cave, not far from the old Town
of Sevilla, on the Rocks by the Scaefide.

XXIII. Chryfanthemum Salvia folio rugofo, {cabro, oblongo. Cat. p.125. Tab.
154. Fig. 4.

The ‘Stalks were jointed, woody, and had Leaves fet on them, which
were about two Inches long, and more than half as broad, being narrow
both at-beginning and point, equal on the edges, rough, and bullated, or like
the Leaves of wild Sage. The Heads were as large as thofe of Chry/anthe-
raum Segetum, but becaufe the Specimen from which | deferibed ic was imper-
fet, Ican fay no more of ic.

_ | found it in one of the Caribes.

~ XXIV. “Chry[anthemum trifoliatum [candens, flore luteo, femine lonvo, roftrato
bidente. Cat.p. 125. Tab. 194. Fig. 2,3. An Chryfamhemim Americanum, ci-
_ceris folio glabro, flore bellidis majoris. Herm. par. Bat. p. t24. 'An Bidens
trifolia, Americana, leucanthemi flore. Tournefort. Inft. p. 4622 Bellis major
Americana frute(cens trifoliata glabra. Bob, hift. Ox. part. 3. p.30?
-. This has a flender Stalk, four or five Foot high, needing the help of
neighbouring Shrubs or Trees on which it leans, and among which ir al-
ways grows, being divided into Branches, three or four Inches long, having
Leaves ftanding on three-quarters of an Inch long common Foot-Stalks, be-
ing three always together ; that Leaf in the middle, or oppofite to the Foot-
Stalk, is an Inch long, and half an Inch broad at Bafe, very deeply jagged
or cut-on the edges, fmooth, of a grafS green colour, and chin, the other
two Leaves at Bafe are of the fame thape, éc. only fmaller. The Flowers
are feveral, ftanding on an Inch and an half long Foot-Stalks, coming our
ex. alis foliorum, each of which has on the outfide feveral green, long Leaves
on the top of which are five or more yellow, pretty long Petala, witly-
im which are many Flowers crowded clofe together, as in the others of
this Kind. After thefe follow feverat half an Inch long, rough Seeds,
rat two horns ftanding on their ends, in place of the Pappss in other

eeds.

Jt grows among the Trees and Shrubs on the Red Hills going to Guana-
boa, on Mount Diablo, and other the inland woody parts of chis Ifland.

The colour of the Flowers of this makes it {eem to be different from the
Chryfanthemum Americanum, ciceris folio, ce.

XXV. Chryfanthemum cannabinum Americanum alatim, flore aphyllo, globofo,
auvantio, baccharidis foliis. Breyn. Cat. p.126. Chryfanthemum Americanum canl+
alato, flore aphyllo, elobofo, aurantio, foliis baccharidis. Commelin. hort. Am|t.
parti. p. §. Bidens Indica, FHicracii folio, cavle alato. Tournef. p. Inft. 462.

yanthemun conyzoides cawle alato CuraSsvicum. Herm. par. Bat. et
ax Chryfan-

: kent cece nm

262 The Natural Hiflory of Jamaica. :

Chryfanthemum Curaffavicum alato cante, fore aurantiaco bullato. Bob, bift. Ox.
6, 30- Pe 25.
res has ‘ large Root with many ,white ftrings flrongly fixed in the Earth, |
from which rife feveral Stalks a Foot high, having a green Selvedge, or be-
ingalated. The Leaves grow along the Stalk, are rough, indented like thofe
of Cichory, or Facea, growing larger towards their top, and ending ina point
about an Inch and an half long, and half an Inch broad near the end where
broadeft, of a dark green colour. The Flowers come many together in
Heads like thofe of the others of this Kind, they are of a deep yellow, or
Orange colour, After thefe follow broad Seeds, fomething like thofe of
Parfnips, black in the middle, white about their edges, and having two
prickles or horns on their ends. a.
It grows near the Bridge over Black River in St. Derothies Parith.

XXVI. Chryfanthemum Conyzoides nodiflorum, femine roftrato bidente. Cat.
p.126. Zab. 154. Fig. 4.

This had a round brownifh Stalk, about a Foot long, which was jointed at
every two or three Inches, and at the joints had Leaves, fet oppofite to one
another, f{tanding on very fhort, if any Foot-Stalks. The Leaves were a-
bout an Inch and an half long, and half as broad in the middle where
broadeft, beginning narrow, increafing to the middle, and thence decreafing,
and ending ina point, being hairy on their upper fide, having many appear-
ing Nerves, and being of a dark green colour. x alis foliorum come the
Branches, fet oppofite to one another, and the, Flowers, which ‘are {mall
Heads, without any Foot-Stalks, being one or more ftanding together, cach
being furrounded by a few dry, brown Membranes. After fome time fol-
lows the Seed, which is fmall, gray oblong, having two horns, ftanding out
as others of this Kind, which are Bidentia. |

It grewin the inland part of this Ifland, and in Barbados.

XXVIL. Chryfanthemum paluftre, repens, minus, odoratum, folio {cabro trilo-
bato. Cat. p.126. Tab.155. Fig. t. |

The Stalk is jointed, creeping along the furface of the Earth, every joint
fending into the Earth many hairy fibers and ftrings of a blackifh brown
colour, and Leaves oppofite to one another. ‘They are very like the Leaves
of Caryophyllata, only very rough, having {everal points or notches, and: be-
ing very atomatically {weet {melled. At, or towards the tops.ex alis foliorum
go out fome long Foot-Stalks, having yellow Flowers exadlly like the other
Chryfanthemums.

It grows on the Banks of Rio Cobre, and in all the moift places. of the
Town, and other Savannas.

The Defcription and Figure of this, fhew it to be different from the Chry-
fanthemum fae Virginianum auriculato dulcamara folio oétopetalon, Pluken.

Phyt, Tab. 242. Fig. 6. though Dr. Plukenet doubts in his Mantiffa, p. 48. if
it be not the fame.

XXVII. Chryfanthemum fylvaticum repens minus, Chamadryos folio, flore lye
teo nudo, [emine roftrato. Cat. p.t26. Tab.155. Fig2. An Chryfanthemum Ma-
derafpatanam mentha arvenfis folio & facie floribus Ligemellis ad foliorum alas
pediculis curtis. Pluken. Phyt. Tab. 118. Fig. 5. Alm. p. 100 ?

This had feveral hairy fibrous Roots, which it {truck into the Earth from
the lowermoft joint, it ufually lay along on the furface of the Earth, having
joints, and.a Stalk about nine {Inches long. The Leaves ftand on half an
Inch long Foot-Stalks, oppofite to one another, being about three quarters of
an Inch long, and as broad at round Bafe where broadeft, from whence they

decreafed

The Natural Hiffory of Jamaica. 263

decreafed to the point, being ferrated about the edges, and of a dark green
colour, with {everal appearing Ribs, going through the Leaf, fome whereof
take their Original from the end of che Foot-Stalk, as from a common
Center. At the tops on three quarters of an Inch long Petioli ftand the
Heads, being made up of many Flowers fet clofe together, naked, finall,
and yellowifh, with many Stamina appearing on them. After thefe follow
feveral oblong, fhort, brown, cannulated Seeds, having two or three prickles
at their ends.
It grew in the inland Woods in feveral places of this Ifland.

XXVUT. Chryfanthemum paluftre minimum repens, apii folios. Cat. pe 126.

Tab. 155. Fig. 3. Chryfanthemum Americanum, hamile, randaculi folio. Plums,
Tournef. Inft. p. 492.
- This has (mall, ftringy, dark brown Roots, fending out feveral Branches,
{pread round on the furface of the Ground, having Leaves cut im on the
edges, refembling Smallage Leaves, of a pale green colour. The Flowers
are made up of feveral {mall, yellow Flowers, ftanding: clofé by one: ano-
ther in the manner of other Chryfanthemums, being farrounded by Barbule,
of the fame yellow colour. The Seeds are long, greenifh brown, ftriated,
and to each Flower follows one Seed, ftanding in the Heads juft as the
Flowers did.

It grows in the moifter places of the Town Savanna’s, and in the Caribes
and.is in perfection fome time after rainy weather.

_. Dr. Plukenet.in his Mantif[a, p. 47. doubts whether this be the Chryfanthe-
sour Chinenfe foliis plurifariam divifs, rc. Phyt.Tab.r2. Fig.3. whoevercoms
pares the Figures and Defcriptions of thefe Plants, will foon fee they: differ.

> XIX. Artemifia hamilior flore majore albo.. Cat. p.127. | Abfynthium eryfimi
folio, Achoawan Alpini quodammodo accedens ex infula Famaicenfi. Pluk. Alm, p.ré
Wild Wormwood. : |

_ This from a {mall, whitith brown Inch long Root, having fome few fibers,
thereby to draw its Nourifhment, rifes one Foot high, feveral, ftriated,
whitith, folid Stalks, fupporting feveral Branches, coming from the infide
of the Leaves, very deeply cut in onthe edges; after’ the manner of Worm-
wood, from whence its name, or Mugwort, only whiter in colour than
thofe of the laft, the lower the Leaves the larger they are. The Flowers
at top ftand in Heads on the Branches ends, and are made up of a great
many fingle white ones, making much larger Flowers than thofe of ordi-

ort.

a oe. by the Town of St. fago de la Vega, in the claiy and gravelly
ae. of the Savapnas.

r flowers moft part of the year. |
: as ode ufe df as a good vulnerary Herb, and accounted very effectual.

_ XXX Scabiole afinis anomala fylvatica, enule folio, fingulis flofculis albis in
todem capitulo oe habentibus, femine pappofo. Gate p. 127. Tab. 156.
ee has a round ftriated, rough, pretty large Stem, rifing to three Foot
high, having towards the bottom feveral Leaves fer without any order, on
half an Inch long Foot-Stalks. They are five Inches long, and two broad
in the middle where broadeft, from a narrow beginning increifing to the
middle, and thence decreafing to the end, indented about the edges, being
rough above, having the furface {cabrous, or corrugated after the manner of
Sage or Foxglove, and woolly underneath. Towards the top the Leaves are

fmaller, out of whofe .4/e come hoary Inch long Foot-Stalks, Pr ecreteg

— aa

(264 The Natural Hiftory of Jamaica.

rt a

round Head, of many white tubulous, oblong Flowers, eachFlower ftanding
in a cchafty Calyx, or Perianthium, made up of feveral dry, brownith mem-
branes, which afterwards contains three or four fmall, oblong, f{mooth,
and fhining gray Seeds, having a few pappous hairs on their upper ends.

It grew in the Woods on the Road to Colonel Cope’s Plantation in Gua-
naboa, and in feveral other Woods of this Ifland very plentifully. :

This is not the Plant called Eupatorio afinis Americana, tulbofa floribus {cari-
ofts calyculss contectis. Plukenet. Alm. p. 142. Phyt. Tab.177. Fig. 4. as Dodtor
Plakenct thinks it may be in his Maatif[a, p. 73.

XXXI. Eryngium foliis anguftis ferratis fatidum. Cat, p. 127. Tab 156.
Fig. 3,4. An Eryngium fatidwm oblongis capitulis Americanum. Pluken. Alun,
a7?

his Plant has fix or feven round, {mooth. whitifh Roots, aboutten Inches
long, going ftraight down into the Earth, taking very firm rooting therein,
which uniting in one towards the furface of the Earth, there fends forth
Leaves {pread on the Ground on every hand, to the number of five or fix,
eight Inches long, and one broad near the end where broadeft, very deeply
ferrated, and having on its edge foft prickles. From the middle of the
Leaves rife one or two Stalks about a Foor and anhalf high, being round,
green, hollow, {mooth, always divided into two, or obferving a Dichoto-
my, and having at parting two deeply-cut, prickly, fhort, Leaves. The top
or Heads are like thofe of other Erynginms, having feveral long, narrow
Leaves: under them, which are prickly ; they ate at firft greenifh, after-
wards brown, and have feveral brown Seeds fet. round a {mall column.
All parts of the Plant have a:very penetrating {trong, though nat very unfa-
voury fimell.

Tt grows at the Crefcent Plantation near the Orange: Walk on the Banks of
the Rio Cobre, in moift, low, flat Grounds in f{everal other places, by Co-
lone! Bourden’s Houle, in his Plantation, and in Barbados.

It is counted one of the greateft Alexipharmaca’s of thefe parts.© The De-
ftill’d water of it is reckon’d a very great Antepsleptick, and extremely to
refift Hyfterick Fits. 3

I queftion not this being the Plant mentioned by Hernandez, called Co-
hayelli, every thing agreeing to it. He tells us thar, ; ae

It is hot in the fourth Degree, tafts like Skirrets; though a little fharp and
fmelling- The Root powdered, and taken to tlie quantity of three Drams
in ten Ounces of water, ftrengthens the weak and cold Stomach, cafes
pains of the Belly and other parts from Colds, diffipates Wind, is good for
Colick and Iliack Difeafes, is Diuretick, and helps the Catamenia.% alos
Surfeits, incites to Wenery, and is good againft the Bites of Venemou. ‘7!
pents. It has a better effect, if it be given out of a hot and ftrengthening
Liquor, it diffipates preternatural Tumours, and humours in the Joints, and
remedies all cold intemperatures. Hernandez.

It is called Jtubs in Surinam, or Fuga Serpentum, becaufe they come not
where it grows. “Tis Alexipharmac from its volatile Salt, and the {mell of
the Leaves cures Hyfterick Fits. Herz. i

The End of the fu(t Volume.

ERRORS of the Prels,

Age 2. line 11. read Guanabani. p.7.1.23. for 1cocoo, r. toocogo. =p. 8.0L. 31.1. Gridirom
or Plate cf Iron. p.24.1.28,1. Rats or Dormice. p.29. 12.1. cr at moft. 1, 23. ¥. more of.
1. ult, x. fometimes the : for Nights, r. Night. p. 30.1. 16.1. all tke. p. 37. 2d Col. Sept.21. 1. and
great. p» 38.2d Col. O&. 26. r.a very eafy Sea-Breeze. pp. 39. Dec, 9. add Dyfenteries very common.
p. 45.1. 20, dele after much Rain, p. 46.1. 6. dele as and as theycan. 24. 1.25.7. ave. ‘ p. 47.1. 16.
tether, p. 48. 1.29. r. after them, when. Id. \. 41. lLawdryor. p. 49. 1. 9.d. fit canbe, p.52.'
1.16.1. fometimes. Ib. 32. after Piganinny d. the Comma, _p.56.1.13-and 15. Curaffao. Ib. 1. 34.
r. or Creolians defcended frcm them. p.60.1.23. 1. fome other’ Places or. pp. 61.1. 37.1. (as well as
the Scum or Fuice from the bad Canes) p. 62, 1.34. after put to the Quantity of. 1.18.1. Moun,
tains. 1. 34. after Pews dele the Comma, p.73.1.37.%. as'tis. p.7§.1.17.1. Vinifera. p. 76,
1. 12. deleze. p. 83.1. 2. after together add a Comma, 1.6. dele or. 1.18.1. their, 1.19.1. felling,
1.24. after Englfh add a Colon: after fince add then. 1, 41. after Water adda Colon: p. 95. 1. 2.
1. Particles which: 1. out again, p. 96 1. 36. 1.25 Tears. p. 97. 1.29.1. Diftemper which. 1. 40.
x. Pufiles which. p. 106.1. 13. 5. Difeafe which, p. 108). 31. for the fame put no. 1. 35.1.
Phyfician. 1. 36.1. by which the Operation of the Cathartick was flop d. p. 111. antepen. for of r. or.
p. 312. 1.13.0. firft of. 1.35. for bys. for, p.s14. 111.4. bis had 1.40.1. moft who. p.123. pen.
d, fhe. p. 133. 1.22. after inadd an. p. 134). 11. 9. Perfons. p.135.1.19. for berer. there. fs
136. 19. after be addhe. p.140.1.23.r.ber. pir4a. 14.1. Thought. p. 146.1. 19. for alterna-
tive rt. alterative. 1.28.4. feveral times to. p.147. 1.2.1. the other. 1.17. 1.8¢in the Hamaca. p.
150. 1. 2. for not dome read omitted. 1. 4. 1. Chirurgeons. |. 32. r. ufed when they were.
Page 13. line 1. for Weft read Eaft. p. 47.1. penult. for weftwardlyread eaftwardly. p.57.1.18:
r. Tournefort. antepen.d.the Leavesand. p. 62.antepen-r.Spongia. ibid.t.digitata. p.83.37.d. rae
dice. p. 93.1.4.1.53. p.95.r- LXXVJ, LXXVIi, and fo to the End of the Chapter. p. 116.1.
27. for 84read 74. p.130.).14.7. 85. &, 141. Fig.t. p.134..19.1. kind. p. 149.117. read
fiupefied Benzo. p.15§2.1.9. for itr. they. p. 161.1. 7. forSeds read Seed. 1. 13. 1. the Leaves of this,
and for theyread it. p.165. 50. add ates or, mine, and d. mine the end of the fame Line. p.167¢
lg. d.Cafalp. 1. 43.1. XL. p.175. Lo ag.r. very much. p. 179, 1.23.1. which fee. p. 184.
Lule. r. Fig. 2. p.187- 1.18. for are read is. p.199.1, 24. .SeedeVeffel. p. 201.1. 43. 1.128.

p. 219.1. 2,1, Tab.151. Fig. 1. p.250,h 24, 4. pointed. p, 252. 1.22,8. rofaceis. p.259. | 390%
srregularly, p.260,1. 19,0. XX.

Taig 4:

ith
NNVALSS

AlN) \\
SANS

sien;

AK

Gy

i

HRN,
Nip 's

NS

\

Serpens Marinus comprefsus lividus.

~S . > ‘ Yo Sw vr SSSN N N

\S

~~ >

ssl lll TY HMM

\ WY \\W iM MAM LY
ANY NASCAR AYR AR MY
N WY ’ MA AO uy
AW WAAL \\} Hug
ACER Ree
NY i Ba a
NYS Sg abies So eos oe

Locufta maxima, cinereo

Cochlea marina e caruleo purpuraicens , purpurea, maculis brunis.
_ comprefs a, levis, tribus volutis conftans.

I , : +Uaqey
Y cn, ee PR :
f Pr. oh iio PULLS vpNSUTT snfno

— ———— : —

-
a ee
aS
HS -
Ses
"a we e
z = SSR, — * STUTUTUT styN90F7 ‘ UN;Te
= = a ; 7 “ a ‘ Tun TOFT 5 Sue TMs PTIUaT NOUreaAr)
" 3 SS cn et a =*
SA ” oe — ———— —= iat. a ees NEE eZ
hh SS

Fig...

Capillaceis —

——— . stp ge STJETUTIRE apungz-
sd‘ stauoy * snqmuay stud nay
-O ,

‘ snife ut urnmyotrer TREY

Mulcus Marinus

sftpoj

eee

age. —

ee

is.“

Lenticula p rs

“G2 fq TMjaqryxs

SaTIVT via ye snf{o ‘IR Ung IvUaA\y Weureir

_—

— : _ =~ > = — — — ——<= = —_——S ‘ ———— ;
= — SS SS a - 7 f = === —= =
a SS SS ————— — =
~ ——— ——_———— = SSS —_ —_—

alustr :
five Stratiotes aquatica , folijs fedo

miajore jatioribus. C.B

Zz Za 2 we ¢

A
\ Tes

\} ’ I

WN}

I \ eat
“a

\\
(wuts
gine

if}
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Y
GY
YA Wy y Uy Yy
I i} y ly Y Yj Mi UK,

y/ ]}

WW |

if ll

Wl
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Y

Uh A Wi
A.
i

iD

aati

WY

i "
ya

“I ‘ AN Uy
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f

vd —
— LAGE IF”
Wa YE atl
Qos’
We RS
SS = Sass S
OY ML eee
Wa ) LF
ERS
/ RSS| 2
SS Aa
10, SS
bine LSS

Apocynum fruticofum fo- \
=lio oblonge, acuminato, flori-

—bus racemolis. ——_—_

j glabro, fubtus aibido,vat -
/ -culis trigonis. =

A ee Gi -

ae a :

N { ——- SS
a

SSN NN sect

% Y — Ass SSS

N
i\\\
\

Ab: 6.

lab. 6.

Gis
Ypres,

ae.
fig: Z.

Anferi Bafsano congener avis cinereoalbus.

A Boob y.

Ne
Wy
iW
4),
i

SS

SNS
NSS
NNNINY

~*~

Fig. 2. |
Hirundo marina,minor, capite albo.

A Nodde.

iy

|

i\
WY
WW Nii GH

Wa yi/

)})

erage foole.
Ow

Arbormali perfice Mame-
=ya. dicta folijs fubrotundis A

|

at
|
iy

tM

acuminatis ex adverfo

AN
ay |

EN WANA
TN if)
win )
NY

i

\\
\\
Ve

5

ZZ , 1g: 5;
Amaranthoides

fruticofum folijs jon-}
“$18, angultis »fubtus
~Diveis

i >, SS

“
\ S
.
X
:

|malavafculo |»

muitafemina «)

Aparines folio ano

feminali rotundo i.

—minutifsima }\continente. ©

Pule gium

| longifsimis

|

fan 8.

y
ANY

im

N
AN
Arh

imus panicula

foliacea

——

aE

—— — ne a

a ae
————— ae ———
SS ————s. — a

2 oe ee

SF. <ZZP

{parfa ferru-

cula minus

capitulis compacts

ginea ;

crafsioribus :

Teucroides filiculofum
=bus galeatis et la- f

N

1 folijs jaurinis ,flori-

Mist

aN \' be
Gramen cyperoides \\\\\\\ panicuda congio-

ee es
{picis cinereis _

YZ

-merata,e plurimis

SS
Z

conftante \Oy

I,

Tab .10.

\ Le. 4 WW z
syeium forte , & \" = folijs fubrotundis

SSS
=>, —
Sey re

integris ,{pinis —< | <=
SN

\\A4A
RX

Lyfimachia lutea
folijs ¢labris fr

ucf,
jj

yl
Hy

Malva vel alcea

folijs,femini |\bus afperis .

fruticofa ribefij

Fi:5. Ol
eS:

S olanum bacciferum fruticofum {tipitibus

et folijs majoribus fpinisferocioribus armatis.

Tab .12.

«
.
te

Ree gete nt feng

twee
a al
eteet ef hiese
af ee :
@
*, ' ‘
*

.
a ee ie

“Permanent

* *
ere ee
arn ve ee tt ge Ff
tee ee ttc tt
ry

: e J 2 e
* *
aT. Poa aeeurs {haar .
ce te. eee ett =
e.'e eee Pes
‘ whe qete é . ‘
« eagtké twee, 4
ee etet ll sag fh ete teeta le cies
. iter’

Jrum to mentofum,

Solanum pomife |

fructu pyri-

*
a
*

1
[
i
I
fi

!

ah eae
et ty ®

ant
ha ®

% 4

om
-
*
1 Cy
+m
4,

hy”
at ny

hoe

Seas

; : te
humanum caput exceden~’,

Tab .13.

|
tht Seul:

7 Ue

2

M Venrer

ahian: 7

-uitis ,
is.

folijs ang
adverfo fitis

| folij

Aen,

\\\\
\\ aN

a ~ un —. Y
ve aA SS
a.
ko 9 i
= a “bh

nf . ff - Aad sTpunjorquystt™. srynures

aw ' WY
NSF en Sy Wy; ef -utd 42. srpnoruy

Nw 1 al ate oes : : — a
th EY RY = Ee
P, \ ny ay SS “7 Sy - : % 5
—~ ¥ <= x a, = i, <<) ni ;
t, LZ ZA > ay hy ‘ \

ek “Tab.14.
Fea}

if

Gramen avenace- \\: B m, panicula
4

minus {parla glu f Kmis alba feri

cea Janugine ob\ Wiductis .
L

ae
~ aaa,

tut ff /fruticofa pimpi- |
nellz folio filigu is falcatis bovino- . j

/ bicorne tomentolum

Gramen dactylo

Y / aumerofifsimis .

maximum ,fpicis

Fig.s. = a 4 jh | ‘ ; \ y Y TL,aurocerafi folijs fili-

Urtica racemofa fruticofa arigus- —
_ctifolia fructu tricocco . _—_—.

=quofa fruticofa .

°

ok” gogo @
a o ws oe
@! Op 2 ee

OL

eus major

apid

2

P An Coratlium
album (tellatim

2

C

.

piss Cee n\n ; ee ae ae ; .
ee jj 5 iat am : 4 ante : :
WUE LARK 1 : i : oe ae Rae Ms

S)

aeoentey
ee,

i

~witias

‘0 cand

ds

: alp

tcabatur .

Lo

7

-

icano pro

e A j
Wy
yt

pi

tota corall
x

Tama

4
a,c

,

quz mari
ulapfa,indeab Urmatore

4
ct

I

a

Ys. obdus

Ven

a

e

viftrea

ay + .
ypettese
TE
RH HBOS

abe

can ce J.

oyall cafu
cerramotiuna venante

Ss

pulla

5

=

ues

COT He

ohh
y

Se

Port R
poft tc

—s
=

=

—— oe

iii 8 a

a

SS

=

0 At

fy
4

e3 Upe SNgiyzUEL Xo sTUvIQIUS Wu

Sua o
a JPY sejnorpon SnIL1Avi SNoNy

\ a

— gh eine
Ger ee
EE
: : c e
4% : 4 y
a te
oe :
2:
| BE
a
: B

eu

%,

g
%

‘2

FARILS « ccpitenlinndess

tate pl

Oo.
wa

raptor,

Nl

minim

*.

O
Fa nectente -

~ mgt
~
>

1-

'
°
x
Dey
- Be
. CO Ee |
: ¥
= 2 8
Na) ae :
» Poa
; re
~6 5 ¢
a) Te
RM get
a
SEs
“mS 4
wea

RES

at
acéhateam

,

aneita.

in
1atph

liareper tus
ef{t,11t
1emetd

&

t

An
duri

111

itannmutatus

fit
tem. converlus fi 1¢

a
>

apt

iceam

qui i
vel

Tdeni
firper fictem

4 Max-

Yj;
Ui

Nip,

Y/

Yj,

VY

| effoila ub

in

tate reperitur prope terra

-

{
quan ti

uidem pars

J

4ma

2

E

"Ni

/
y
! albaf

niculata. anak vip ic

Tab 29
/

JjJuncca five

Alga |

juncus marinus radice

&

"en,
t
min

Fig. 1.2.3.

ruticofa elatior ramis quaqua- ) 4

/

rfum expantis teretibus .

=ve

Corallina | /

|

|

4 qualquaverfum | Wh

4 2

expantis purpureis edlegantiffi mis

ram fuliskcau-

mort st

Corallina fruticofal
-liculis compreflis

a

ere

eal

a minoret

moll

edulla

Se,
m
Rap tke

eae eee
Tio Shee

pa-

%)

_-

33

ist

.

"

4

OS

Cie avi

sot cavern «

er fi

mS
Pee

sy,

5

ia

or)

2

sage
6 Min, D4

7

"Tab.2 +

‘

uria

WN

, era pet AS

-

at sy

ee het

RA \
YAN

NWS AN

YY

yramofla , fiftulofa.

.

b
maxima

1ustay consy
7.

uS paLtcior1

Spongia dura , feu fp

ib
culze

hinds Toe
BA Sed nr

en eS Mi

KZ

4

marina non vamo-
1S major

en ey Oe Si
> Due

Wi ly

p

Af

ts

“rete i ‘ : CES pee eee ' \ ©
: te | z

WVelicaria

* \

\ ‘ :
& : tn ote
—S

AN

Aidit Qs x
NN NO eo
HALL

cavia marin
e veliadis

Vek

fundib fi forma,

1th

| {fat is.

ata extante coronatis con

membrana undid

Limaria elati
folio {pica

| or matricariz

duplici .

.

6 fi l e 2 . é ‘ = = =
Muteus terrefiris repens ; Nex ajor, ramutis

circa extremitates conglomeratis ’ Foliolis multis
. . . , 4 ° *
et minimis capillaceis caulem occulfantibus .

raat

Ly
v

2S, S SS ||
Mucus terrefirismin SOF repens, cujus

feriatim qua

y oF cy
47 Mh
J PA An ie Wea
4 4 oe
5 ra

‘ 4m {eu Pol try
heart po thy,
_ureu mediuin , cap; G

prowrt© poe eelidnf

2 @

Marcus terreltris® repens minor,

ramulis circa extremitates conglo-
-meratis folijs.capillaceis .

Phyllitis non! linuata minor,

apice foliy |} radices agente.

‘Tab .26.

a S S
\
ve \\
ANA \\

\\ Ni \ MN

\Y
YY

“( AAW \
EAA
(Mh ut Wis
\\ AN
¥ \ \\) N \ NN
Ky MY WAY
HAN
\) \ \ NY :

\q
NN \
ni \\

\

SS : . ‘\
M

Hemiuonitis peregrina \

foliorum fegimentis finuatis ,
, . ° . \ f \
longioribus k magis acumix i!

-natis,feuhedere folio hie

angulofo .

/
Ve
£3 ¥
Bie Sra"
re
ne
\
{ . ee
ets )

. | ee

NK Naty \\\X\ ih) Yoo CZ

My
Yi
uy)

it

Mt BY
i LH 4
MLN
\ fg 4

Yy
tig f

wh

\)

LK
thi

——

/ Lp Mi \

HN I)
Hill ir
i i]

IN

iy

=.

<
" 1
*

Ny
s

folijs membranaceis fubrotundis .

S
SS ORE eis

NAAN

iy, Uff
GT

ee,

| affinis minor grarminifolia
Hill fol10 oblongo acuminato a Say

: , r 5 iN
foliorum pediculis alis extam_>~.
| -tibus auctis

\\ oblon go acum

-nato ,foliorum pedieu
tibus audtis .

Vab.2 =.

SF

Phyllitidi {canden - q ta affinis minor.

foliys fubrotit =| dis acumnatis

ex adverfo

PONY

WY
if)

HT} Hy) f}
Wil)

AY

\ WAY
Yfyye 4
Wy
YW
Wp,
Vf
i it

Yor

wy \ XY yy .
Wi VF ai
, ‘dl Ss (i \
Oe

I
i
VV NY ON
7A. \ A
YX
= \\\ WN
. \\\

; Kili) Yj 7}
Phyllitidi {ceandentt i May Wj Ze
fees : Wi GUY G
afFinis major, folio =

crafso fubrotundo .

iy
LW

v :
' i A —

| \\iee . ==
. \ AR \ \ $233

‘ ‘ =
\ Nah VAR AAA WY = nyt “3
lg. . N AAS \ —s: ¥. e
py} \ : WS =

t oy >

Phyltitidifcan— denti affinis minor , FON ZZ | er
folio craflo ff oblongiori t / CF ~*~ Gy Z fe:
| : LLL Ce c-

, iu

/ M .

rh}

)
y

$, VIZ

lis varity
ex utrod; jatere auri-

cie pinntt

“ry
x Oe
Coe: ee * -
ee:
_ za
con
es %. 7S
aa}
G2 f
Rn
--..Q
ro

L, on chit

Filix non ramoiama

raris,pinnulis ang

a

TRA eetros eae
iA

DOAHRTDUDD ARORA

wan

ETT TELE TTT

jor, caule nigro,furculis

ultis ,raris ion gis, dentatis .

acie.pinnulis
otundis . et ex
auriculatis

+
N)
e
° wa ae
ee
eee
Se
gon
oe
oe og,
:
ve \ mnes © ae
van ; .
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tere :
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L onchitis alti
utring, ,

AWAY i ni Hii
ie)

M)

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&

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fuddfm ,

Uy 4 |] Fi fee : NO
j Ye 7

y

,

niatis

isima ,
ct

alti

snon ja

4s rari

Lonchitis
nut

fe &

were:
"pin

=s=— >

/ WR = Al

>
4 yy 5

iy
A\Y\\N
we \\

\
AK RERUN

i

Ih

\ \ wl Nitin

i | | y | // Cy Up

‘Lon chitis

jangultiorib us

\ {irperior late

jmayjor, pinnis

iY Li
wy,

Us fp

a

feviter dentic el

re auriculatis .

Tab - 33.

Tab. 3 #.

S
~

ift1s

Lonch

183 «

\

' tiflim

\

sangu

longi

"Tab. 3%.

\
\\ ee OS
Ny we
»—VN in *
ESN

ti

ti Tri éhomanes majyu \\ 7, y i igrum, pinnis
NW/-# CZ1]

figura ;

|. leviter dentatts, tra}

Lr) Nyy mM

Fig.s =

fubtits |

oy

ay jus pinnis {inucatis fo
\ | | a -

TAvCIS.. | :

~_\e
~ ™ |
fl st
Watt Vary
\

\

“a “ll MN il

TUN

Tab.s6

\

SAY

= yy \ / \
- ay,
Ze

<> bl RA
gZ

J

y YY Y -
Wi 4a

\

\ ye) L SS

4 -

Fig-1.9.3. 4.4.’ Tricdhomanes anayjis | totum

album,pinnis aculeatts trapezy figura ;

NG =

SMH

Ly

Yh AL

Za

c=

FA

FB
EELZAAA

EZ

aS
te
WLLL
UL 4
Uiittiiiih
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ee

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ifa

1

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if
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nas tantum d

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pl

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Filix max

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{}

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a)
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fi

re ity 5
HAT es
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\y
oe,
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Sate

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; Filix may or feandens ,in pinnas tantum. divila,

‘Tab. 39.

An ss
( hy

11
lp
=

S= “t

!

WAAAY AA oR a EARN inibainnin hte cnn So EERE Bb oa Na eS ney

|
-Mas non cre jnatas .

|

Tab.40.

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CW

\\\

y| Yf Wj
j if Y Wf
t ‘

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>
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WG
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at
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— ————/
SS

~ /
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7

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ill
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f NNW

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ie end
Filix major in pinnas tantum divila, oblongas
ang uftafg, no crematas - a.j——_—_

}
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er
——

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SULTS ff

a Lt iculata , pinnis

mis finuatis .———

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ia parte -

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| tritida.

SSS
Wo

Filix minor rufta 1a nugine tota obducta,

im pimunas tantum f divila, raras, non

' {ubrotundas °

crenatas ff

of | NA Tab. 46.

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s\\

=

—
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==

ftteuili
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i

=
SS

==>

7 |
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WX
Ya
ANE

SL

_

iy y
iw

\

Vy

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NS
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= Y
wi
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ag ye
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yriix {eandens in pif/anas

A tantum divila,o i longas ,
|

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Gly!

bin
YY

fy,

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Y

c crenatis .

yi Ruta muraria

maxima, foltjs.

M Vander guckt Scul’

aes Ya Ye
NZ

Yt

\ SS
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Filix non ramofa maxima,furculis raris, WE y. 0 I |
pinnis variys inferiorib us {cil: oblong is ae LZ oe WN

acutis ,ficperioribus vero afplensj fubrotundis .

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Fig: 2.
A. 4: ram ot:
Filix non 1 fa majo
furcults raris,brevi oriby,.
ulis crebris , latis bea
on. aculcatis ,

i
ajibus »

Filixnon ramo}||f{a major, furculis

raris, pinnulis \\crebris latis, m1-

. ° - i °
nimis, brevibus} aculeatis + —_——

a
thy
i)

hy)
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WW) /y
nif VU
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Wy

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it

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pinnulis long is ,f) anguftis,rariflimis .

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rates

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2

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ve?
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a fii mayor, {urculis rar is,

}
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lon gt $

1)
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> syn ue <
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627

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WV

Filix non ramo{y,

mitima fiurculis
crebris ,pinnulis WY, breviflimis

Ry | // Vy
angultis UY; ;

= cory =

q 3
ie =
aoe.
ere
5 as
aS
Cy ea
, oy “4 & :
ef 1 SS — os
ap . we , ey ee
Hilix non vamola minor, furcu \\its crebris n ae
"Ty od \ aa
pinnults breviflimis ar ™\ uitis , a yy ae s
¥ ES
bos os 8
qo &
yo 2
fas

a Tab ‘53 :

Filix non ramofa m1 ma, caule ni erofureulis
raris pinnulis angus 7VG ytis, raris ,brevibus ,
1

PAY

acutis , fubtus

: SSSSSSASS

LLL

murAria major tolijs varijs

egrys, et {ubrotundis ferratis .

‘Lab 54.

NAT)

Wi i it!
AWN\}

.\ "i hi i (fy ae 4

‘il

aN’
Mi Vi

| ?
ms Si tf HE Wt SANS ink s
4 Mi i ~ AS \ ay

Say \’
AY
WY WY
NX \

: ’ N s / d % tie My ‘ f N . y { f WA / re ZZ j : \ Vs
if Wi, H Z wi ,

Adi antum ni grum ramofum.
minus, -pinnulis minoribus tenu-
ibus' 4 obtufis crenatis :

Fig. 1

Filix non ramofa minor, pinnulis
crebris, obtufis , crenatis

aT A
‘y V7) J
YYW jy)

YY iy Z
WY Ls Z

GLE a

LLZLZZ_ S
\ f Za \\ N

AZ \ \. S

—
——

SS LA —
~ w= = ~$ALWR S SS
WA\\I REN \

———

==

SS
S—
Ss

==

—=

SS

Uf YY |
UY J \\ Fi 1 :
A diantum nignd| maximum non

erebris ,mayoribus

ramofium, pinnis}}
lin modum fieuratis

| erum non ramo-
fum majus , pin] aulis majoribus

tenuibus, trapdzij in modum

‘Tab. 46.

ny ANA
Zio
ta BEA

Nit
haat by
mii WZ i,
a

NY

. MAVay
aetna, (ees SW
ANY SS
SANA

Ar
ee
AAWAN

PANT ANY
AO

yp NNN

>» || Gieers f/2
. Ww i . R \ ~ MK 1) es =
it ie, 4 : ee y ay }
HM) 22

iil

<A
tee ; LZ

N %
4 (Ls
e (Gx

. % 4 "
BQO WS yp SS
SN Wi

non divilo, pinnulis latis, dentis , bre
vibus tenuibus,minutim déntatis .

\

M: Vander Gucht Seal’

\\s;

ONY

(Z5
=:

s 4
a Yel YR » te
SLL bs }
Se é p=
Mal ew Ay bs Q ae
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MSS oe b= 924 : 2 f

Fic. 2 nee

%. cn |
mn nigrum rainolum

a

» Adi antu
maximum, “folie feu pinnulis te-
nuibus , lon gts ,acutis, {pinofis

y

ui}
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FN NSS 2
NSN
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NY
PA

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fi we y NN ee
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ioe iN iS
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oN) pe AN

SW \\ UN TN
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Ah we SON
y WS

of, fA,
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“Wf il
J

p\ \
Hh}
Wi}

Y/ é
ZP4 My
ates

A

fim icandens ,

\ Adiantum ramo: 7
pinnulis feu fo lays Oblongis ,
profundetacint Artis pellucidis..

A

LJ a ,
M’ Vander Suche Seul:
<

WW

|

\
:

\
\\ ‘

>

ff

Zz
ZEEE
: Z

SS
SS

Ss al wie

ee =f" WAN
ASS :
i

Adiantum nigru j
folijs majoribuf/trapez ij in modum

figuratis .

\
SS
SS NA

4

ASS
Ai
i Ske
‘i y QS

yj

4

y
Y

PY
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wy)

v

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4

—= ee
OR eee
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4) jj
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ell |
hy LG a, ITAL I Uj o

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to Yh
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\ Wi
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ay jek

CCE?

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bo)
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wot
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QQ

s

ae \\
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SS
SS

ae,
fy
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LL
4: : nN 15 Trt
fini! Uy Wee, UA
iid ) Ke SSN Sh
TL Hi RAVAN : 2 i
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Titi

~

\
SS \ y iy i
AY | TRA THAME ||| EE WH SC om

CM | aN AW > Gry
’ Aaa vi \ p H) ii Ni Ne
me \) ' uy i

\ tii i

i ,

Filix ramofa maxima icandens ,
ramulis raris, pinnults crebris ,

fatis brevibus , obtulis .

—

Q sd
M Vane er Guach é Scul:

~ ie
2

Filix ram ofa.
folijs feupinn

“jy
7

a.

A - ls
J

EEN on
baaS

A.
WX

Ge =

me ie i: \'

, ON

I; Mayor, caule fpinofo,
\\ . ‘ =

s feu N\lis rotundis protunde
laciniatis feu W

\\, cerefol iy folijs .

\\
\\

ey.

M: Bender gucht Scul :

Ss ¥
SS \
ee
SSS
SS
>

, t \
nN A\\'\

\

\\
\
\

MY // aff)
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0
HN W A

\ pf) ; YY YM AY \\\ AW Wty i wn AN!
Mh \ - We \\

fi

Hi

{ \ | yy! { Yj fl
Ly ( i OS ZZ
Me) OM) ON ) ye
MN a eh Nz
4 Hi Hp 1)
KX ; WC f} y
nM NUN]

ht

Se

\\

Ns
Ah, WAAAN

Ih |
i)
1,

4 \ \
A Hay} \ \\\ iy)
AY aN ii N,/ \
N\A \ AN
HY) \\ ; a)
EWN

am NE
: NZ

Wil) es |
\ DY

i /

> SN
d

i Ss
i SS
\\y Sss

SS
Filixramofa major,ram\\ulis raris, ex adverlo fitis :

pimnulis alpleniy eid crebris , latis » brevibus ,
‘baedi\ non dentatis .

\

——

SV ne
Ny SS
om NYY
\ it
\ ik ee
TOL
|
i) H| i)
\ vu y
')
' =
i =

Wi

\
Filix femina feu \ yamofa mayor ,
pmnulis angus" if | fimis, rarifsim1{q, -

!
i)
\
)

M'vander Gucht Scud :

"Tab. G4.

= Ror os .

LS ’
ey eS

~~

zg

Fey: 3. Gramen paniceum minimum QS&

humi ftratum ,fpica divifa mu-

-tica, folijs variegatis .

M: dzder Gucht~ Scul:

ton el atius {pi-

i tomentol{is .

| |

-Cis plurimis

—
—

echinatum pro-

fioribus.

Win longiori fp1-

ft i}/
\ YM)
Wa Ui Y,
\
\

Gramen maritimiuf Ay 7

Asian faccha vi lritera.C.B.

HM: Vander gucht - Seal.

=
ok

| Uf
/
/

Arundo alta \

i
€

locuftis minoribus .

gracilis folijs

y

wiridi ceruleis

e

tb.6

L

‘bums SNqtJorpoes3 N STOTAF WoFAIDeD Uo
. STI ; we

— = :

on bicorne

Joinus .

\

\\ \
\
\

tomentofum \Y

SS |
"i \ | } j
WY \ | | |
\) | } /
. ’ \) \ | |
| yj
: \\ \ | / Yj
\\ i f y
e ® \
\ Jalil
\ i ]
: H
SY) vf r/
\\ \ f
\ y Y
\ WY, Yf/
\ \EY
\\ \' 7 /
ramen \ /

snqyUooFes 1d.4n0 stordy aUAOOIG WO Aypep we 2

*snuin

I
Hy

: h AWM \ |
VAN WZ
SAV
YX NAY lh 74
\ q “/\
SY \ A Ved |
‘Sy NY WP,

Ea
_Gramen dactylo

SSS

NS

1corne
minimum ariftis lon pts armatunt,
i. a,

= |g
a oy
ead
a td &
a §
ya a
pS Eee ete
fee
ao ¢

Gramen dattylon ,
plurimis i

efpicis |
puvets vel viridibus 4

* siSuOT Jo *snqworpoess stwatInyd,
STOTd} ¢ v.duoy epnomred woyAyVyep USUIEAL)

Gramini tremulo

wminini\m .

clegans

“OTe ourutay va?

“Hey sfryos OP

Ze

; Tur AP
"Moray ¢ , TMOoy wredzswary
SF ——— Unap erprur outer)

—— — BRke ——————

‘veandand Pa TPratA
vpnotwed umsovrprus Us Ue ID)

5 Shy

_ SS < S
SS SS
SS SS

STICIIFE tow STS UO} STI-NDO} SS

AA; EAA ZG;

ui
=
ih

au Ss

wk yperus longus odo~f ratus, panicula {parfa ,

picis {tri~ffl| ¢ofioribus viridibus

:

: : §
& yperus ro tundus ®
}

\

i aes {fparla,Spicis {trigo fis ferrugincis . aaah |

’ ae =s SS ee

oversee you oTfOF Jo : Opnt OlrpND

At Scilp

= unyepnotuas wend yenbs umMeom wou S
aS 8
SoA iy 7 °

oo Bouts i

wurgnuesap yaad ?
gnzad\)

Eas
4
DB
=
ree
i
a
od
ae
2)
cn Slr
oe
= ton

\

Juncus aqua-
capitulis equ

GHA
Ld
BAG

Z

A clus gramineus fore
| eee {p arla
compretia \ MM } ne y viridi .

Cyperus ro \run\

inodorus ,°

| ee majus

aquaticum , panic tis is plurimis

junceis {parfis {pi ; cts ex oblon-

§© rotundis {pad ill

Gramen cyperot-

iceis.
\

\

\
i)
\\\\

i

N\

amen cyperoi- Iiides fylvaticum
. e i) a Yt
maximum genicuff latum alperius ,

femine muliy [fiolis EE — — —————

Yyy

Wh,

\

Sire: \ \

Gramen cyperoi- Wa \ / des mayus {picis
\ \ Mh
ex oblongo rotun ) \,{ wdis, compactis ,

ferrugi neis A AWA
aig vf ;

Tab. 73.

) Fig a
Gramen cypero1 QQ jYdes minus Apica
compa ca fubrotun Qs

2 M Vader Suche Sal:

; ~ | | Tab.79

“ |
ji
3
/
by
Fig.2. |
| encyperoides mining |
. cta, adic ode ;
,rcompactaytadice tubo, 7 icy
Se O
“fA ’ hes, & oy,

ra (men cyperoides
minus fpicis compac-

tis fubrotundis flavicantibus .

S oo

CO
4. Vander Gucht Scul

rd

+

Gramen cyperoides poly{tachion ,
{picis adnodos ex utriculis {eu fo-
liorum alis echinatis prodeuntibus -

- rofeut tyayinbo sTprqidep

« snyepnoiUs.s snonenbe mount 7

= —SS_—__j—_ = — —— —; — LS
—— | —— 4 = = LS ES SSS ESS =

4 — ——= SS SS ee ee ————— | —————

— ———— SFE ——a ———} ——__—} ————— | Ss SE = —

6 tts &
HORE

» . ae ae
"BSR CE

——

Miriudctu

,

Tab Le.
candens ,

n
Pe ae
Sia 8 t
fe 8
Pas
Se
te,
2
es oe

Wi} !
ty LZ
Yf ,
, y
YY

Y

2 \

ve

4

fa

-

Vrtica racemo

Ww

a
—— pe
a
S +
: es}
oar
wo &
cD)
Sy See
oo

1 WW

, —
sat
GD: =
“4 4
ae 3
gua
cri

ce octet

Vert
fol

J ——=

=

: | | Tab. 83.

\ Ke
NY
\y

,

\
\\

XA)
\

ASS ww :

HN Ng
ti Mh
VM

|
LN
MGs ap
f,

FLT
Ae XK i CX
ES \

1. =

/
{|
.

Vrtica urens arborea, folijs
—— oblongis , anguftis .

rtica iners “racemofa ~

4 fylvatica : Folic nervoto .

\v
SY aaa
—

- { (» P

=
iy

SSN
NNS

SY
WAYS .
| INN \
W yy ‘ WY
ail i \ x

vl

Ricinus min or {taphyfagriz folio,

flore pentapetah tal purpureo ,

| X NH} \
\ aA \Nh
‘ian

A N
Ca
NIN

HH

i i\ i \
AI \ \\)
y AN \\ \X\

NX Ni
‘

Wa i |
yh
hy My i
Hilt

\\
Mi

i‘ Wi

ZS
———

oe
— =

——
=a ea:

\\ AY \
\ ‘| \\!
| |

¥ x

WA ANN \ WG \ \\ \
\ We \\ AN Aw \
‘ \ NYY AMA Yh

WN \\ ) \ \ \ Hf
re \ a
é \ ,

NAN, YY \ ‘\
\\ \ \\ .
: \

\

\Y

\

Up
Yi, U, Uy YY
YY

| | obtufo folto , caule verru-

Ricinus minor viticis
-cofo ,flore pentapetalo

berola fucco venena to

urgida Amertcani panem
conficiunt CaBada.

Tas 6.

Ricino affinis |{/ odorifera fruticofa minor,
. Nf . 5

tevcray - ~~ | folio fructu tricocco

|) Dilute purputeo,

Rictino allinis odorifera fruticola

major roris maf}}rini folio, frudu
|

albido.

\

tricocco }

Amaranthoides :
vicuin folijs polygon. Par. Bat. pro.

humiule curaffa-

Vise

AS
X\

XG

RRS
SS

N

\

NN

\\\

\

\y

A

———

\

2
um folio nervofo

long

per
pal

Hh

ilius

Jum

rida

|
{yh

14>

lide v

gum arboreum ait

Wy

lon-

Pip er

i
\

y

1Ca

>

» Ip

1f10re

‘

folio ner-

\vofo m

gracilior et brev

10T1

M 2 Gucht. Sculp

©

4 yt a
: nN Nt ca
ha ae (i i Hs :
: 228 2 i hi We iM Me | “a
M \ \ ‘Wi: } ain \y AN AN
: & ee, wy ae e :
a in ih : \\ \ \ ANY AK \\\ a bi a 4 Y YU fy
‘ ie a ACN “< iit naa wii
e hy Ne uff | ‘ 4 " i 7 \ A \\\ Nai ii mii a by Sig QU yyy Yy Yj,
| My i a ~ .y a 2
f wa es Ni iy is) as Bo on, f x it a. Le x yyy
Aan ji nH | \\\\ \ AYN j
(i i ATT ul - o me i A i is SS QA oo i
As ", ae i i aft ~ cal FR iA
ny Sie ah of CS

(Me
AY WY i YY thy
‘ | Li Tea ™ en

hoe

| it all ‘i Hi i i ch,
i lian nis

| a ut nt y Hah
il oii wil ul ol ma i)

Hill

na i i Mii LH |

: aN
Ea
il in wl nie

‘ly | a aT
a | Hit Mill il Uh
rok Ml i mee (a a

Hii
“A
HII

ty

Ui
Hi
l/]
Y

ae //
UH
My

SL \

, i i | H | ie
ii! in iy

See

ff
4
I)

/
Hi

fh

Ss
a
- =.
— — —
Coosauacdl
So er mew eerenmm
Fete
————

— >.

ii il i ON

_% wi iG wa ef ‘ eel v)
\

| ie AN ti i ian A ie | a i SA - Yaruma de Ouida’.

'"e | Wea en MT au a ul A ale a) ay | i | rumpet tree.

Oe i ie
ity

—
—

wl I uh Ht wi i it Mi

Ny

bl : hiv ba Wi ( Til HH
uA it i ‘ a oy
| a ily aif Ait , i y

<a uy

eh i y

yo Naa

= “—S

— aeY Wane’ RAS PK Wo
¥ \\ YIN ‘ se ¥ \ \Y
RAY AA Det

SSS

SA
WS
J

Hy ' Wy Mh
} nf i} Hy Hf j ij yi)
y Hf Hf}
~
ae WAS

=> ¥ SS NO SS SK « SN ¥ SA,
“9 SS ae yoo yf WH \
< NAA S

a

tres J
N SRA TY
Wx S SS

WAY SSh MOoos SSS ‘

S . SS WANN NY ARRON
\ ~S \ MWS 2 8

. » \

WSS

ISN
So ~ SS y$ >
S

.

= —
SS
SS

. 8 NANOS NY | SSSELLIXY Jd hh Jb re |
Piper longum arbore | Y Wi
folijs tatiflimis. | “XY NG Ley
; \\ ff vi LE, Ug il

yi
oe eS

Tab 39.

Huh

SALLY
LT HN)
ind
a
¢ ’
jit I hy i}
fi uC NAY YY |
UY \ Hy LIN HHT
CTT | yy i, / Hii ] yy y
sie MT VN WM MY LL LL LU Gh
HN My MA) \ YY if | Mi Nf} Mj ip Mh

i WAL HY y Wi i BH) dj } I
AN HM a
me Lh say
Ny L YU ALY, WH, y///}'

\\ \N\ ‘ Uf f HY YY i / WN i “i V/)

tA

Ze
Be
IFA

LOM
Li iW TOE
ath

HY) i] /
if ;

Ss
a

SSS

| ia mi Nt
AN NY

=
——
=
——

| My
YH j Y
if

4

—

LH

==

YA

Y iY
AN

——

fhe

CLA tl fi bbs
they Mia bis
YY GN p

] Li) Ly Y} M/ Uy 7
HM OO AWAY Ae LY IY)
Vy \\\ \\\t \ MR iff Wy } Hy ? i} ly Ais WW,
\\ \\ \\ ANN NX \ \\ \ \\ \\\ ' y HHH My M) My / () “il WW,
A RN MMT
A RN i

\ itt
\\ ‘\\ \\\

NY

=
~~

—
——

=
—
==

Nt N
XV ANI \

\\ vill

=
——

—_——_=
~

SS
— =

——
——

TK
\\ SU ey
X\ RY \) \ \\ \\\Y Mit
AA AI Hh me
|
\ Hy TRY |
AI AR ANN WT if ;
ANA \\ \ AAS RY \y Mi Mi PH) ni K | H
\ \\ \ \\\ A\ \ Ww NW \ HH i LH i} i}
\ \ \ LANKAN AY \\ HATH
AAI II WOW
ANI ANN
SK ANN YX\ \\ \ \\\\ \\ \ WAN \\\ \\ Hh Hi} i)
RSS ANY AY \\X\ ANY, A A AN Hy |
SY \WHE
. vs A AY \) M1 }

Hi]
|

NS
SSS
SS

SY

~~ \\

gi
Ue

SS
SSN

\ Hi HH YY
S H/ / iu j ( y “A 4 A A,
SN SS ~ HITTIN Hi Me | H p Hp Yiy Yc ty Uts
y ES ALAA
Hi) Mw yi MLA Wy “WLLL GY
Wii Z

/
}

LZ

7G,

yeu)
as

AN
SR

fF

Gy

Lp “a

yy

Z
SG
SS

Wg

ae
Yo

Q

2
YO

Zz

4
LoL

Y3

ZA
Vhs
)
./
“4 d .
iN
W'S,

YT),
AAS
NX

iF,

yj

\N
»

KN

YY yr

4M)
YK,
y

,

y
i

\ W /
‘il yy
\ )
s
i

AOR
SIGS

_——

A NS .
fy Lh WH ; 7\ XN Ws WS NY
Wy} GY eey /

S

VANVNN

LEN
YY

\

Nx)

yp

ZA
} LX

2271
V/ Ide iY
Z ZZ
LLU LLY

Qe y
te

| /niacula flavi
-cante gracili heflofericea .
Hi

4

Ataarantus pa

SE BLA ‘

Pee oe

i] 4 ns few volubilis nigra

yp Aructu mentibranaceis ;

Fe opyrum {can- Sey
S" pytut Sages
major, flore et AP

fubrotunds

|
4 M
\

jet compreflis .

. “oe MK UA iit Hale,
PAA ||

YM)

3 Z /
Wye Y YY.
LALLY

|

Ui} 4 UE
Wind Lt
Y Pe LW, J

“ CH

SS
WW
SSON
RAS
WSS

Ss

SANSA
SSO

WW:

<A

RSS
SY

WT

f
.

Z

Ze

SON

Amarantus fri® ticolus erectus ,
{pica varidi laxa et {trigofa .

S

7] J

f viride feu ex vir1 di

Blitum poly gonol- Nic es

“~eratun’,
et albo variega ,

Edina ena

}

———_—____—_

\\
: i s album , polyf
& : se -“permon, folio fubrotundo. |

M. av vucht 2 Soul

Tab.9 3.

SANS

\ ex adverto nat

| Pari etaria folijs

- scentibus, urticx \racemifera: flore .

da aquatica a

Herniaria |

A

WY j
My

" ‘
ffi | WW
(

Ww) <a

ia
ny

J

M.

Y

\ BZ f Mj
\ f

Y/
/
WM

YP

\\. IN . xy \ A ANY CB \ \ / \ i, Z / ] If Wi
AX \ BAY Ni _ V7 | Wii)
\\ RAY WAS S\\ NS \\\ \\ - A\ N \ | } Mf Uh 4) hy 4 fi) yy ///,

OW

RY
ANS
\ AN

ii} Yih

My it
MLA 4), y
Wii!) / i}
ff Hy IT} lis

Y
iyi) Ly

Wy WW)
Yi UY HU

4 if

. WW Wy
\\ Uf
\

\\\\
AN
\\ NV

Ws
\\ \\
\

a\h) XN \ = i 4
AW \ . \\Y Wi \ \ ~ ETH TA I /Mys fj) Ip i/} LS f “UMfijp, Ly Hs) Vey /
ASS AA \ . ME SU } LM EW
CI a ee | My IY)
‘ / y Yih; Yf

Yh) \
WI
\ NYY \ SAN NAYS
WN WS

\

Lif I

, y Y

YY NY Vi Wate fe “WN. fj, Wy

| Wy Y Yh HH Ly Yi
1} i / ff // W “Lf, Ys,

UW:
tb kph Ye
SM YY iL,
yy yf Wy

A
AN AN\
\ Wr\ \

PNM LT iy Wy Y
Yi) Li pay UY; YY YY) Uy
wil f) Wi YT y if
f Hy) ] My M / Y if Y YY Ii YY; 4/4] “Yj
i il jj } ify 4,

4, if;
HY CM ES YY)
1 fly) f Gee! MY fy
Hy

\

ANY y WN \Y N\ AW
\ vk , ‘ \

SN MQW? WA \ \N AN AY SNS \\ , Ys) \ \ \\\\\
SOI SV $°©*Aann MAK Wak AW ANE \W\ YW

\ \ SOW RY WO} \\ A \\K\

. NWA AIA ST SAN \\

OOO . WW} OT LAN \

\N
\

WSN \N I It} NG pp Wy Muy
WIA \ RY i MM 7 Wii)
\\ \ \ ‘ AN 1M Ii; y Y Vy J
ANS AY YY : OQ ih YY WY yy YY My
\\ \ \ | ¢ lif / /
AN \ \ i
\

My
Wy fio Uf

a=

YY
iy Hf
y Hy

—
—

ig

a

——7,
i
= i J
E =

Y Yo 4
Yiiy
Ve

LY
Ke
yp

a Gentiancellatlore cceruleo imte
gro »vatculo feminali ex hit

| folio oblongo
ferrato,flore | galeato ,integro,
pallicde duteo - .

Rapunculus | | smidi contactu impatiente :

S NOX ANY .
AQ \\\
th

—

———

\\ \\\
h ih
H hil

| ue i |
me

it

At tf}

SS

IN
\

Convolvulus maxi-

-nulis obtufis obfito ,

{

i /: Up
be ff,
ft

~ hederaceo

\)
Wey AY
WS
DN,

Yi

7

. 4 Convolvudus 1
eh -plrylios, flore fulph\)ureo ,
ae odoratofpeciofif @

Spanifo arbor ume, or}

7 Wy :
oe jor hepta:

LZ

a\\ \
AN
\\\\4

fimo .

Whelan

rw

—menw -e

ZB <r Moony
ay TTT} i AN

SS Mi 209

iy

WY
YYWWZ2Z
VLA

Za
CY,
Hy

1071. J
Convolvulus ¥ pentaphyflos
minor,tlore} purpurco .

\ ‘i ae eS la
a : r -

Fig-%.

" y, -
A

Convolvulus ma- { jor polyanthos :
lpneiflime Jatifl pmieq, repens .

floribus albis min ae odoratis .

Mx, Gucht. Sculp:

Tab. 9 oe

EZ

i

CAYO
\ \\iih

. Wi

\ WW
SS SHH

WSR |! 1)

4

SS
A\
\

\
ws \
NA \ \

|

MIU

ef A
ii )
AGU \ \ 1)
( NV vi \ \ A Y)
(ANY \ ]
(IW \ yyy
‘\ AIX RIN EZ ty
A RAN ‘ Zo
NO \ aE YY,

(\
Wa On

NI
LOS RY

Ws

LI v, >> f
Dh ML ip i

Lh,

,

GY YW

ZY

ZA

“yy

\\
AX

AN

\

yf Figs. ; ; ie a
/ Convolvulus m ajor folio firbrotundo,

Hore amplo purpureo .

Hi)

HH
WW

Janato ,in tres lacinias

i)
Ma

| Convolvulus folio

divifo , flore oblon-

MM: Zo ra ucht. Seculp

ic \

oS SN
axl] UY
al |

5 33's 3 | Jy |
Ee Fe

Convolv ulus minor repens ,nun —
miulariz folio flore coertfeo. —

Convolvulusgy ii (N\24-ectus minor

ae 7
folio uN f an grudto candcicante .
yy M2 Gucht. Seulp

/ g
f
/ YY

foliy s oblon gis : integris

| tis,flore purpureo, villofo.

Hy

villolis ex adverfo fi

4,
4

Y
Ht

Rapunculus fruttcofus , J)

Tab. 101.

Ney,
7 OM IP
Mii WBE YY fj

HH Ufity y Yih,
My,
HY Yi

| H| y My
Mh

EA
a

ZA

SS

ee
SEs —3

——

a
Fi).

SA >

‘~

I}
YY /;

.,

$=
= ——

Rapunculus fruti- folius , lore

luteo {pectolo, fof

| Rapunculus aiquaticus foliys cichorsy ,.
flore albo, tubulo fongiflimo

Wf

La iil!
ny Hf I
ii) l
GM

Ul

-_—
——=

ph!

nem <4 WW é SS SS SN SSSAN Bi WU
S: \\ ] . SK ~ = S ~ : ( TH iY Yl

— = ~ . ] WY{ ZZ 7 A Z Z Z
S SSAC \ —— ge ZZ SSS =

—*

ss . ISS
casi a F NS WS WW
——=F \ Sil
WN

aw
WH:

——
——_0

——,!

=

===

Se a
meen oe ar oes SO

eh acorn rd AE ES

anomata vaiculifera,

folio oblongo ferraW\\\to ,flore coccinco tubu-

Te... i \
Lolo, femine minnii\\\\ to oblongo {uteo -

mov

Vetty
Vy

WY

ae Fig 3. e
) Mentaltrum maximum, flore

Hormitio atti nis . folijs \\ é; |
‘ tig YEE), wer ee
\ Wiih, ceruieo,nardiodore.

anortis olabris :
oD

Y \S

Uj
M1

Y Y
yy

\
XY
|
> A
WA
w |
= J
|
fli } |
\ =| “
|
|

gS LOS.

\\ | i
AVN
i) \
WW.
Wi ii
\y
\\|
WY if 3.3.
Wi
\\
\\\
i
i}

NM Cardamomum (i i
l minus, pleudo \

" adphodeli toliys .

‘
Patches minus angulti-

are “ow
foltum, flore dilut! tecceruleo.

Balfam berb.

M:». gucht Seulp .

Q
AN Hi}
ATA
\\ iy

WA
F

ANY

(YY

SENSES Md | YEG 2 Uy
. S as . ise. 44 y K Yip
AVS BON } q ty Ved Wit!
felir WS, | ily

wT 3 , " y,

3 = |
SSS z
[SSS \ .
i | —— Fig. I
riftolochia {cand lens ocloratiflima ,
labello pur fipureo ,femine ,
Cordato.Con / rayerva. @&

4S

BADER

T oblon go ferrato :

Digitalis folio q
| Walas florida.

ad foliorum

Mv. gat Seulp

‘Lab LO.

)
&

= 2
a =
|
= %
ie

| &
_

Y

J
elt re

oY
caulium fiummi-Z

Zinzibertylyv

Yh) /
YY} /

W//,

| Z inziber fylvettre mayus , tructiu

in pediculo fingulart. |

‘Tab. fo.

>

\

\\
NX

{js

Pe

AY
\\

Se
NS eS SSE.

=>
=,

SAT .

Lp

\S =
Ui) 1 \ AWA —
H) \

ca

tm minus

Ae

soe 8
ae

sans ; moi <<< MIVA IT WE

YY VX

=
ij

AN it

_————

\\
XK

aay

fagittarix
tibus .

-niericant

a

eu

} a r\h J : <
is ae ue
os
?
Ra
a
O
7

Jarre cn tum

2°

Mx, Gucht. S culp:

\ m\
\\ S "VW 1 AN
Ki ¥\ i 7 \ \\ \ \ \t y

Wor SW Qi A \N \ N
i \\ 'y | i SS WN \ WS X \
\\\ A \ | ny \ \ \ Ny
AWRY
WA
\

\\'

Xa WN \\

\

\ \
\\\

7, Zz
VW 3
Uf mre.
Y WY \ il \ Ns 4 MY Yyjp
WS Ga i al Ny gear
\ \\ Ay NY! ‘ ‘\ ) AY RW }
\ Wa AI ai KN)
WN SA a NY
Noy Ny Vi \\\ \ \

Vy

i/ Mf J

lf
Ver Chin

minima Cham,
-dryos folio ,
. RN WY

NY , AW \
ZA Ny \
7\\\ \

WAS
: Wp Lg: 1 .
ie Wait
Verbena folio fiubrotundo > | | ve
4 i) a
ferrato, flore coerileo, If
Vervaur é

it

Dee |
“(
i

Hitt

Alt | | iM mW
ae MINH
Ani A Hil

“ : ay aN) \)
\ \), BA)

¥ wy ‘ \
N a ,

\\\
\

NAN
1s
NY) SONY ity?)
)) 2
\'\

\
AV)
Ih

UY

aerecta dulcis hexan

\\ \ \ |
\

\

Nepeta maxima, flore albo {pica habitiori. difute ceeritfeo .

AN nM
Nanas \ /)
\ Ky )

A Hf d y) \ WS
NORA 11/7 !/ INCNW AC GS My
AN) Nile Wf iM AN N \ ASSES S N iff) y,
\ Z SS @_ >? °©~9aQ—~ws f t
AWN Vg L RQQWEG tf WA
\\ \\\ Z SY S WW y Y

\

WN

Uf

SS

y
Ui

Y

SS SS
FINNS
Ur
ANY A

\)

yA

S\N SAN)
UW WwW

Ny ANY
SNS

\\\ NAN
Wt
+ NA
Ww
Wy

\y

\ \ \\
\\\ \\\ \\
|

AN

Prunella elatior \

Fig.2,. |

Sideritis fpicata,ferdphiwaria folio flore albo,

{picis brevibus habitioribus rotundis,pedicuis

—infidentibus , W/d hopps

i
|

hha ag
tdi
il Mil
| INIT

Wa

Yi YM
: Wi i
Scordium mariti j _

hy, mum fruticofim
N Hore cceruleo.

x\\\
\

| Tab. 111.
Ny,

| IK
Mu Vs
Clg

mei

iN 4 i\\\\
| \\ \ \ \
XN \

We) |
hy

{
NK Ih

\) 2 Any,
Yi
mr
I
a ltt
N tn!
i
AN,
\\

wy
: \

[
NG i \V
Ny
sil

LO
NY
NUS
WANA

WI S
QNRSS>

\\\
\\

\ \

\

AS SNA AN \

Hy tT]
HA, eel
Hi lif ip hilt H/) f
| HAN ADH
MM
! if May!
YHOU:

Mi, A
U4
Ni

\
\
A AY WW Gy Z Uy y “pti
\\ XX Qy \\
AY
UNS

AWG
YN NN’ SS SS
NWS
S

\
NRA”
NU G
ASS

S

FAY
ANN

SS
WN)
NSA

WU
SSI
\ AN

|

i

;

ll

“d

y
MN) S ~

|

Phatfeolus perennis anguftifolius, A ore luteo .
i ; Y 4, :
- femune Lato, comprefio minoresrubro ,maculis

Thefmall red [potted bem.

UT

| a nig ris notato.

Phafeolus maxims

lato ,nig-ris maculis notato
The great bean.

Tab. 72.

gp

MY / fh
i Uy;

yh
uh
jo | WA

: \/= i NA
== \ i il Z Yi Gi Zi, i \ \ \\\. : = M HN Hf
= A \ x \

All

MM;
Hi,
Ww -

| |
m%, %

Phateolus major perennis,floribus {picatis

filicqua breviort rotundiore femine alho

Uf F436.

Fhafeolus gtyeyrrhizites {|
folio alato, p1fo coccineo |
atramacula u0tato -

Wild Liquorice.

‘

"Tab. 113.

WS
NA
WS \

RAS
\\\

SS

N77;
Yj
Uf

YY
Y/f,

Sc

OH

ad

\ \)

\ \Y & \\
eA

Na

\ AN

\\ \ \\\
\ \ \ \ \ '
\ \}

<>

\

18
+

AN

\\\\

—
—=—=S=

19° 1.2,.3.

Pafeolus maximus perennis floribus {picatis

albis {pectolis, iliquis brevibus latis , femen

album hito albido fere circuindante. .

Bonam/t.

7 \
NY

Tab.114,

WAY Ww <\)
AY - a

4s

+ ig
Wi
;

i
ti
Wits

lA

his)

}

ry Wt 1
Ahi aN
‘ii ]

Z eS
Sa
a SS:
SS Se Be
SSS
SS
SSS SSF
SS SaaS 3
== =

a
—— ~
a

—

My)
tty

AY
\ ’ WAN
AW AWA

‘\ WW \
\ WY

Zz ——-

\

Nit
{

———

as Se
————

s' ‘
~ \
NH)

NN
SS
\ RAN
WH

i

ue

WN \ KY \
\\

\ \

—.
= ——

Pig.1.2 2.

formi nervis infig

= “Mita,etfemine alb.

|| | \ Wi 4 Y= Hor/e- beans.
Phafcolus mina ‘\ | \\

{lore pur-

~~

Tab 15.

AWN
\ we

;
Ax
iY

NN

\i
ANN
\ TN
\\\

AK AY: vii h\\
SY \\\ x \ \ \ if Mi | |
ACG Qs
QQ |

mM
KN i |
Hil

MN \ Nt i i N\\ ft) Wt ath \\ |
Ss SS YAW Ny Wi \ \ 1 | Pann ctne! \ i
i\ AAAI DA rN A
|; A\\ SS - ANY A \ vant \\ 1} i \\ MH Mite
i\\ \\ MN Si, A AY \\ x\\\ \ \ \\
\ tN RQ
WU) WA
Yes \ UIQ WX N\\\\\\
Wy) AWG GC NN

AK \
NN \w

iggs

—-s

a MTT HLL/
tit Mi Mi

\ \ NW J \ LY J 1
| | \ \ HE \ \ y Yip h } im fl NW
ANA a MANN WN WIZ ZUIN | (|
WANNA ral Lyf » | |
WN K\ \ i WAN WNZGY A a || WZ i]

=
——

——=
———
——S

—s
———

——
es
So = — = —
—— — = —=—
——. — — ——
—< =
—=+ —
= —
= ——
—

HTH Hi}
i ) HH hip

—+—
—ee

I)

i) Mi) / Wf
7
\¥

—

= —

\'\Lyg

‘ 4 Y
BAH \'
. we"
LZ.
Z

.
NS
SS

Wy \
WKY \ (tii? . \\\\"
if! Mwy, \ j\ ’
ML \ A \\ NU
My WE ‘ Hu WNW \\\} A\\Y

NY
i, \ ZONA) |! . \
VA i) ‘i i : N \\\t

SS

us mayor, {iliqua

\ SS , rubro,

neal ;

Jamaica rea

SE q a sucht e Bon /

Fig 3.

ae eo) Op
Quadrifolik credum bE
flore q duteo. ; y. ee Vat
by i : - 4 : Lier

2 ys
&
Ved

\\
Uf ,

AY

ESS
NS
SN

\
\\
iy

y \
bY iy

RNY WN iS
N Aw \

\\"
AY)
NY

ALES UUNNESSS

He dvfarum triphylium fruti

=cofium , flore purpureo jfiliqu a
varie diftorta ..

WS

. Ay
RY) WY
AX AN

Tab. 127.

A\\ AY
YN

KAA as
SWRA
SCARY UR
S A X\ ANNES \
WW RAN \\S a

SS WN (
=

GG,
Uf
y,

"U4GUUE:

LiL

4 y,
tO LEELA

Z / >

A Ny)

B iy) \
‘yp

My)
Y/

FL1.ES. |
Phaieolus erectus minor femine {pharico ©
albido hilo nig‘ro . The Calavane.

n
RA

iy

i

\\ WA} \
YY

\\h

it
Ny \ WW

LY

/
Yip

ly
4

Y
V4 Y
HY LY

Ls 4,
¢ WG
j Yi 4
Wy}

Ui

pee bee oe

yilum

“ph:

f: afrum tr

feuticofium

ial edly:

CO

cam oR
gs 3
We 6
mS
imo
+
ao
Cy
nF

:

tis minimis\

J

0
=

Hedytarum caf}ulehirfisto
Li

molz fo

Fi

_-

cofum

A

Hum frut

1

re purpureo .

\

O- \

inum., fl

fu

Hedyfarum trip-
P

LAX SAN .
AWA QS
~~

Tab. 119.

M

i Yi

Figs.
Loto pentaphryllo lili

Sy
Ah
SS)

: quofo villofo fimitlis
|

anonis non {pi = iN 2} foltjs cilti ,

—

a VAtine 3 | ee
initar eluting MMR f1s& odoratis . Antonis non Apinofa minor, glabra,

procuunbens , fore liteo.

= SS

MW Yb Vifeum cariophylloides maximuin

V4 Capitulis in fummi tate conglomeratis .

jad POAT,

iy aap M

TH) LT
MM Mh

121

s pruine star cand

\‘

2

N \

|

‘tpeta

tol

HHH nt

HI

i}

SSSA pee
Pre

WE,

fee

aN

*

ie

as i

NM y} me

des ae
ae
Le

WY caaitt

A

Jo purpureo, font

Mee ee :

1¢

u

t1

}

[ ‘Tab.122.

P|\des manus toliorum
|| bus fubrubicundis flore —

N femine Filamentofo.

Vitam cariophilidk W\\
"4 . ° . \ \ Ti
mis viridibus apinn \\ \\

WANA Y
wl

NAA

edX&, tenuillimum,e ramulis acborum muiciin

Tab 123.

Fig. 9.
‘Sinapi foliis fubrotuMl

, femine ruffo.
Leucotum lif teum five | i}

Keiri minimum poly gale

facie.

Fig 3. Iberis humilior an |\nua Virgsntana

' } yr. OF, J
ramolior. \\Moor : Pepper grap Ly

Tab .124.

\
\

Sinapiftrum Indi \ cum triphylum
flore carneo non }j) fpinofum. Her.

ee
\\\ WN
WS

A NN
AN \ van
\ \\
\\ \

\

|

|

—-_

— mayjus arborcum
foliys ) quercinis .

‘Tab126.

acris , parietariz folys

giabris ) floribus ad} cauiium nodos conglo-

‘Tithymalus erectus

merafi

a
wD «¢

‘Tab. 127,

OF

2
wy

y Ly UW if

Vad

ify /; Mii

LE ist
UY;

Vy Y pup

te

Fig-t.

. prceris fruchy f; erh,

fF
ag

\;
\\ ANY

\

N

\ Hore te™
— \

\ Cistus urticr folio,
Fee Hore iuteo,valcults >}
Xe

, AY

M trivonis - Cistus urtice folio,
/ Flore Luteo, vafeulis

\

Y

ayfimachia {utea non pappofa eretta major
cariophylloide .

i folijs hirfutis fructu
i he cae 3

Fig-¢
Chamezcistus urtice

{
folio flore luteo . #
Y}
i
ni }

fig P
|Chamecistus caule hirluto, 3
A {folio oblonygo, angutto, finuato,

| | i | 3

\ ¢ fflore luteo pediculo snfidente.

|
\ ff

“pit

WZ;
it.

Fig: Himachia &
luteagie +g pola erecta mino® =
Flore futeo

fructi cario4

TaGniadhin Lites ten,
pappofa erecta minor.
{lore luteo pentapetalo,

frucht cari ophylloide ;

orem %~%& mimorem me dia,
fortibus latdgime fuper.
Ss {e extendens .

©

s

at 5 &

fy / Gy Y
| 67 ae
ae — : aa 7
Clematitis prima five fylvesti- is est z wn
4 latifolia.C B. folijs ternis . 3. § .
5 a 6

MH SG

= ae are

Uc *

=—=—

eflexis :

ocynum erechim Folio oblongo, Hore

umbellato , petalis coccin eis ©

pr:
1TH, Ny
ly Sil!) SS Hae :

HH)

TH
i:

il }

hi
nit
L]

Hi

ule et folijs .

Ss

Ay

ticzx

1S

lacaz aqua

1s
An agall

el
=a "I

“oe

Re -N e

ve

cette

yy |
ow ee 5)

tn

et

ae
noris facie

Go Pe
we ae S& 2 8
as > : :
i mG:
-

ie

i

5

«el

Portulaca erecta fe
Cap

‘[Lab.120.

A My

“EGS

Rr
>
pet

ia8

“a
at
Cerrar

WANN
+e aw
yY\ NN

)
0

"
D>,

Fig: 1 Apocynum erec
it A 7 ee | luteo maximo
Linum fcandens ,flore dilute

pu eo, femine triangulart. Savanna

tum fruticofum flore
et [peciofiflimo.

Hower.

=

ITLL Le

pur

SA

Tab. 131.

yy,

S===

/])
H}

—

My;
yf)
My

j

—S

j

—

ff

Nummuaria [= Laxatilis

minima repeny —folijs crena
; ; Lo ;
tis, villofiigd
ay

Yo
iy Y YY TG, Y
YU é

Uys

NN) wil
yi

My wit

i

,

Nummularia minima/

flore albo :

\
WN
YO
Nant

SS SS ee a PS
A\ pocynun fruticofiu dcandens = a , :
q ‘ 2 ¥ mM a \ ‘ = : : ; . $s
> @ &, geniftx hifpanicx fa\cte, flo : Apocynum feandens mats

ribus lactis odoraus 5 = SS folio fubrotundo ,

Tab.

he
u9
dO

fig. 4p.

Heliotropium | mints 11 thos

perini fo His an = acer
}

I
|

Hi -

Fiz.2.

: = | Vetica folio ano § mata, flore pentape-
Fi a .3.% | talo plurplreo , -fructupentacocco
Heliotropium maritimumy) =. Secaamcatots fo —
mints folio elauco, fore ) | \ é \ S pe fi ie 1.
a | Tribulus terrefiris major,
. | [ NI - flore niaximo odorato

My ||
Wy»,

i)
‘
U
y

q
f

\\

\ \\\\ \\\\
AY

Alcea maxima ,maive rolex f

fructu decagono, recto, craffiore

breviore , elculento .

Okra.

Ke
\ WSS .

A
AW

(
oy

aie

yan

sey

(ad,
fin, hl
HTN

Z

olio

A coal ]

lcea fuaxina ,malvx rofex folio :
finictu pentagono recurvo efcidento
graciliore et longiore Lo Ohra -

} RES xt

\
WS

Wy,

AQSV

Ws, Uy mae he be hh
LTS Ah
Nip)
Wijywe,

Fr i
Dentellaria lych- |

nioides fylva tica
{catidens Hore

albo.

|

|

/

Matva arborea maritima, folio tub rotundo,
minore acuminato firbtis:can dido,
corticein funes ductil1, flore

{uteo .

The fea Mabotor Mangrove
Tre.

—S
—
Zz —
~
~ —— S
= = ae SS | SSS
— SESS Qh
Ss — = — \ ~
z mre cee ~ = SES
~ ~~ == =. SS
FZ : _ - . ~ ‘
rt = = SSO
= : WY
= —— — SS Be S \ ‘
— — — — oe =
= = = — . > \\
= }
}
ni
‘
«
'
°
= _
iy
Y/
*
}
ij
ij
/);
pe
AL WM yy
If] YAY |)
7 UMM
[ie area te
: aaa a
*
; %
oat. .,
; “ft L

Fig. 4.

Za : ce
a
‘ ae
M
| ;
Matva arborea . ) folto rotundo , cortice
a . a eS
infiunes duct, flove miniato maxi-
: =mo iiliaceo |

The Mabot¥

Vi YU fy
My
YY) i f

\ { \| ;
il } HT if i il | | iit
YO fy), [GLP ; |
Yj

Wf; Yj ; iy A i

“te 7
i i inn
NAS

Yi An ttt NAP |
I age So

UX) f =s oav__ Nt | iN M ;
LGTY SSS |i yi
y Wy j = ; SS SSS ES ay y \\ \ \\ i) f \' it

Vy ENS SG i Hibs i ql
SSS SESS iin Mh i At wil
> \ : SS \ \ i

alk
\
in

\
wi:
"

A
\

\

| =
——
—S ipl
sy wae (/// /
’ i
G

————
eo
—
ame,

\\
ROW LSS
XN AN SOY ASN

WY

AN Ws WY !
AN \Y \ NYS n\ iif I |

amy i 6
q y) HAM HH Hf
My fh
l y i

ui] Kh

7, 4,
th,
Ss
Zs
Seer
7 —>
me
ai
a
-
——

hi
if
y

“1 NY RAS . \ os
OQ Wn
Y IANS 4" WAY

AN . ONY NAN FANNY \\ \\\

KC CANNS

\

\\

LYM)

yy yy

LIT |
fj \

Amie My SN

BLA
1 im ih
at

, ZZ 2 | | BID GH TRA
Fg.2. | ZS Lior Yj, ZG YY TH fy ‘ |

Fg 3 ] Y yj H i
Hs \

Abutiton fruticof fim folijs Bite-ctudadss :

ferrats ,floribi is albis pentapetalis ad ;
alas foliorund conglomeratis . ' \
FS ; Ma y

me Yi yf

(f oO
4
LAs

minato,veluto, dentato et leviter

finuato flore exrubro flavelcente .

SS
\
SN

Mi)
Wi l
HI)

i
i

oe
S)

+ i,

hi
/)
/]}

Yn,
WV i)

Wy:
{/

{i

?

Mp

UY,

<

mh

Y

i
Hil

DM
sly,

Wy,
in:

Y
Uf

HY GY te
WW jE:

a}; YM 2 Uy

M)

=

My
M,

M

CU,

Y/

Ly ify
MO MI WHE se 2ee 2 BX \\\\
MWA all a e LEE IEA AQ
We MOB === He MEN Pm (ABEL AS
WI) Te te (fa
Ti Vial oe! \ «

Yj \k ‘

ww

S S . . S SN SS SS .
: NSS SS RQ GK
; | YY | ) AWS NGS WAAL GG{_
W /, Ll ¢lp Le SEQQ : : RW
f= ugS a ‘ Lo Yy i; i YY UY Y/, Y YY 4 Yy W///, WN NS Q) ‘ :
F744 I) bd Vi YY | / if jf YYy fy, li Wy fe .

Z \\ Yi,
7 \ / .
"Uf Y
Wty ff \ y Y j
i/ A \ Y
ZB N 4
WON
Z

Wh yy

ag

Y)
Mi
| pif yf

Nii /

ALLL

WE SV CVC RMA A
YW ; . SS LX RAY
a ca To : AY WE RIAA RRQ RVWARGQW NQRAG AQ
fhe a7/1/) iia ff Y) Y 7 Yi, My Y ; ve SOS \ WS S WS ’ \

aa Wh CLG, AA QA AN SAX Y AS
vill UH GM ap) | RWI RQ AQYKRC NY \\ NAXQRYG
Ht TTY Hy yy RK Ry \ WN
| MBN LAA : UW AKA \
CH Wit RY

i

Yi,
Uj

» S \\
| ; H || : RS N\A S WAN SS RAS
¥ Yh Hl ||| flint! , ih ANY AG SSN AS N QQ
Go \\f ; a ee Gi y Og \\ ACC AMMAR SAK S
: bf \, SE tes ned Ma YSU \ SNS : RAK SG W

NS WIG SS
1H) 7 N44 i TH] ; RV WSISSe OO ANS \
itl Wy ao \\ NY
1wa | NW

1uteo

lHio oblongo.

MOY \
NN WA
NI ik

: \ \ ; ANY
acuinina\ | | dentato - ANN Va

\\
YX
Ww

Miv. fucht Seulp:

—

Wi

‘ig : iN mn nn rea a ff :
owe a“ a ag aa wipe

—————

A ie “igh
i re XA ae
An
\ \ \ y
mat

‘ A
i
A i i} Ai rl mil i ;
ik rg Pot ig 9 a |
iil, ys « re i
we = |

——>
=>

\1 i

7

Ali

aes
——
——

\ iil

y Ae Mi } alll i

a lu
‘ y: vil »/ Ne Mil! iif i TH
+ ne ‘i " sy x id

y i?
‘\ \it iY iv < ue ad Hp
fie: WN \ ! i a Ti iy sass mM vie TS
: oie ei HEH TW WY UP

4 if anes” “Uy yl Yj yj {y } Vif
ZZ GE , Zi ee

: — , /

—— WV Li Yili

AN

ss

Z

\
n

IN
Nn

uf

an

—— x

<—the
“Tisteae
.
af

if}
]]
]]}

——
—=—

i

I
|

i

quatica., ex hortenlium

ore minore 1uteo femine

afperis. Sa

w\ 5
RAG

% *
WY,

Z
4

Tab. 138.

Hy

SW
AYA

wi Witt =
SSERCANG z | Zr ZOANNN ] | 7 / ) 5
SAN | 7 WY 4 ANNAN yj)

iM Uy Hi

c

Dy) WE

/ LK) So

Uy | =
i =
ee
\\Y ee
aed |
a

icata
{fofi{t

10 V1

S ;
Althz a {p
fol

SS

SF FES

ON Wo We =

SAN
AN \
AS WN

U4
YY
Te,

alte
Wh f:
i]

Hi!
Hy)

Hy

CZ St

icatum
,flore

tp

10 111CaATLO

== Zz / ey), —L__SSS

SSS

ice fol
1n111LoLre pirpiureo.

A bution arboreum
betons

y/
H

“
”
eS
.
et
X ry 4 oe
Wr , ‘ ® oO Oo.
an we M2 8 & 2
SX f | Dy Go
SS s ©
os ee
= — o
a8
o
uo
a8
5
oes
Bes
—
ea
4
qa

~

SS WN
ZA \N
©

\

\
\

Wy

\

{\

{

Alcea popult |[folto ,

4ancatio 1mte- ip gro .

q

Yj,

Y

Wy

quatica ,folto cor

\\¥

re pallide Luteo .

cola a

Fig. Ay .
Alcea popult folio, villofo,
feviter ferrato . —_

fruti

abio, Ho

Atak
datofe

|
|
,

Wy

= ee | ‘Tab. 140.

¢ UWE:

Z,

1 Mi /
iy f Wh

Hy
hay
if

/ fh

fe
gs oe

oe

TTx4
YW
Yj
4,

UY
YW

yy
Yj YY
Wf

yj

/
/
| Hf (I

\ =

Yj Yuji Ys
Y)/ fff yp
“yyy yj

GHG: y
ttitjy YW) WY
Le

Vif
bi
Yy
Y

hk

=
SS
Z—
=
=
=
= —_

—SSSSs5

——
——

—
FS
= s=.

=

—
= —— ——— S
= = >
= —S Sax
————— S
= S
WY

K : Pig. 1.Y : 3.
| deca arborea , althea folio, forum

petalis lutergs deorfiun rcHlexis .

dora. MW ontagne

fimilis ino

pics

hy

ZE4
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$2

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CALILAS

:

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wa HG

perfoliatus , five
!perfoliato folio -

3
- p

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1

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gia

10,11 Gui

dentatas profinde ecto, afpero, cathartico .

.

.

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peri

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y, i)

b\

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Bryonta migra fruticofa, racemi rami
dis varie mmplicitis, atq, card {corpionis
inftar an fe contortis , baccis albis una

vel altera mera 8 acula notatis .

Sunitax afpera,fructugAticro ,radice nodofa,
, ee” t “= * » im .
magna ,lavi, fariGnacea China dida. China |

| 3
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—

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SSS

ANA
NX iy
AAW ili
AA \\) A\ AS Wy N
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Bryouta alba

iphiila maxima

\ toes

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4

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WY) ga

, WY WYYY VALE) GY Yi Wy
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L ith
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Bryonia alba geW\niffcuy

. PA ata ,violx foliys.
> NS Xn \ . , he baccise-viridi Y j purpurafcentibus :
s\\ \ \\ Y atin \ \ \\\\\Y \\Y -

att Y

ve GA:

a

atthe

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lit: wt 2
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anum bacetterum ;caule ef,
folijs tomento incanis {pinolis s
floreluteo fructu croceo minore,

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Tab. 146.

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MY

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i!
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i

1. 2

: cell” oti: \ Z
| : , a 1 ieee = \(
| ( Capfi cum mi1iws triuctit Solanum 2 ‘ \racemolum
4/92 rvo pyramidaft erecto - ceraforum forma vel cerafa
y | amoris racemo fal cubra. C.B.

Male yuht Seulp

tb. 747-

M: Ye gucht Scudp :

mm. herbaceum gentiane

|| 10 caulem ambiente.

LILLIE

folio ,folty pedicul

i

Periclymenu m rectu

WY

tifolia, alphodeli

= — - — ZE e S — lig = SS ~\
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ai
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if
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\

Orchis elatior 1

; qrry Ty i: W

$1] RADUTOLS UO 9 : ~~ “:

tun tours saqitoywyur srpuyprdvo
Za : al. ae cane

, ak es
Mtuopoy By DO: vzAuo yb Ping

ee, ‘oyeyn.s courens=

-sopa.toy futydyjap * ste yo
29 snivus v FOG JN DorpesI WINIFTA

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. TON TUITUT Ur

= EZLZ
<7ZZ

=: =
z=

SS
=——

se We],

x

. 5 NY
e Gn ayn aw

sta aed |
TaU|| wy
stpijtdes sftpoy stau} TUTUL.S STUY

i
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WA, ae yds xope
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OFTGRL, eS ae

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mter1o {ideo et
albo € ramorum

————
= °

SS
SS

S SS ———
S SSSSs
SS
SS
=

Se

U ens leonis , folio fubtus.
uncanto , flove pus pureo .

\N

NAY

2 Mv guche. Seulp F

RUT Nie 7 pee
TOE Oe ee ae

se, =

ey 5 5
PRES a a ee ee x

y

( WM fs
py
Wf ij)’

Yy, i u

=== .
>

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i
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Vy
y My
Wy iY)

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AANA AQ
Wnt Y\\
N\\ AN
YEA

pallide purpureis fimanutatibus ramu-
Aorum infidentibus ,capitudis etfemane
» majoribus .

\

\
\Y

Nb

}

i

Altheafpicata » | betonice Se elabr . Conyzafruticofa fe cite odore. floribus
pallide purpureis }|{ummatcbus ramulo-

flore Luteo ,habi

tori fpica .
run miidentibus capitulis et femine m1-

-noribus.

‘ | ee Tab.152.

ite Ni.

Ry

hes

" ~
ro

‘ ~

SER: YF

- \
107 INNS \
5 4 ¥ SS“ WS \

wa | sas \\\
Virga aureamajor \ \five herbadoria
folio finuato : hir \. {ito .

n

Wabily
ayy
Cae
LN

- saat

SS
J—=z = —=

——

—
——————
———-~

=
SS

Senecio mi

ror, bellidis
folio. |

Conyza corti ce folio -

\y

niajoris (@

Fig: §.
Hefichtyfim |
| Aor1bus L{p1-

ih
Wii |

Tab.f 53.

fi //
“iy Hh

WM y
he iy
My YY} YY

ff
th Ys.
ie

HL

YY)

] Wy, Y Y}
WZ

WK

YW,

i
j

Hh
1 it i}

Yff Mf,
“ifi}
My,

\\
\

i "Yy,
Y

N

C onyza folio haftato ; feu trian-
gulari ,ferrato giabro.

Tab. 154.

My}

it
i ]
H})
Y Hy /
Y)) /
y Yj YY / 4
GF Y 4
p y y

OY \\
NOY
oe X \

Yy 2

YY
YY

Y, 2

Fig: 9.3. ¥
Chryfanthem | um trifoliatum
{candens flo ‘re luteo, femine

longo roftraf to bidente .
as | t

i bsg § ‘ | : i
ary £ he UP stabi 2 nt Taf. mente nn eee |
nodiflorum, fe }imine roltrato a
bidente .

|
|

\Ee a

‘\pP

Z
4

i Fi ig. 1.
\N Chryfanthemum falviz folio
QR rugofo (cabro oblongo .

Ss

MM: pla yucht Seulp Zs
e

&.
vee 7
: a
2 Ou
: 5
om :
5 cD)

2 8 2

ee =

; a

Se >

) ae i

wi 2 =

fol
as ato .

fylvati
los

Oo
ads
crams
oe Ss
Sc eee
3 & 3
a
ae
ee S

, ese

’ CS

i)
i}

Chryfanthemum paluftre av

N \ Z i
S Ws ~s SN . YY \ “SSS er
\ Y \ bf \ SS :
EZ

ZZ
< Z

odoratutt

folio (cabro trilob

repens ;minwus

AY

AY
2 \\

=

S

av

c

Uv

— .

oO

so
—_

ro

E

E

] |

MV. Gucht Seulp ,

¢

Tab -f 50.

iif
Wh

Mh,
He

—

\
\ .

SS
—SS=S=

——S
—

HN

WY YY;

pti
W/; iZH/fy/y Wy

“Wy tpi Gi)
“My j yj y

y

Fei... pic a fl Fig.3
S cabiole affiuis | LY | ‘A

enulez folto, fin- g gulis Holculis albis in
-eodem capitulo perianthia habentibus femi-
=f£1e pappoto .

—E ryn gium foliy Ss an guftis

ferratis foetidum .