iS tt re ¥ * f) F - FLORA INDICA; /532.- OR, _-DESCRIPTIONS OF INDIAN PLANTS. BY THE LATE 3 | WILLIAM ROXBURGH, M.D. F.R.S.E. ____ eve. ere. 2 Nee eons VOL. I. a SERAMPORE: | PRINTED FOR W. THACKER AND CoO, CALCUTTA, AND PARBURY, ALLEN AND CO, LONDON, 1832. Me. Bot. Gardery CONTENTS. CLASS V. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA ee cas fen es es ath ——~———_ DIGYNIA 0. see ove cae cae tee nee ere PRIGNNIA ca ice Ses «nen Sha, ei oe ta PENTAGENIA oi: +s: poleeeeee — iin, pees - er CLASS VI. HESANDRIA MONOGYNIA b.60 es a as DIGYNIA ... Set ess ces eee see ose tee ARE Ns ea Sa ees oe oe HEXAGYNIA see see wee nee eee eee wee CLASS VIL. . SUAMORTA MONOGYNIA —§ 2s. os ecu. tps nee sts ts CLASS VIII, OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA== 4, 5- s .ti‘ , le TRIGWNIA ss: $i ee sks nce aes SS rane TETRAGYNIA ore ete Bes eee eee eee eee CLASS IX. ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA $00 egern eee 2 ee iees SERRA AGUNIA e360 ves. eae: age cee tee 217 CONTENTS, vi CLASS X. CDRA MONCGYNIA OS on. i ae ee DIGYMEA Nis SS Skee ee = ee TMIGE NIA. 500 cos oes ve eee PEN TAGNIGR pi etc nes ce 0 re rr hh ... Ciw«w“a“assCw“s 458 CLASS XI. DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA «ww wee ee se Wheeits — = CLASS XIL. TOOBANDRIA MONOGYNIA 1. -1- oe. see nee wee ne aes 47S ! PU ie an as PENTAGYNIA tee ese a eee ee ————--tlt, POLYGYNIA =~ 3. OSS Oo ___ CLASS XIII. . FOLYANDRIA NONOEYNIZ wa“: sa f+ nce ORS tiara a easiest St PEGE NEE SSG g #23 FLORA INDICA. CLASS V. . PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. VINKA, Schreb. gen. N. 419. Corol funnel-shaped. Follicles two, erect. Seeds nak- ed. Embryo inverse, and furnished with a perisperm. 1. V. rosea, Willd. i. 1233. fcrenniel o erect, _ _Tamous. Flowers in pairs, sessile. = Hind. Gool-fering: Obs. Both the red and white varieties are common in gardens over India, and in flower great part of the year. I have never found it in its native state. 2. V. parviflora, Willd, i. 1234. Retz. Obs. ii. N. 33. Annual. Leaves lanceolate ; flowers in pairs. Mouth. of the tube contracted, and shot with hairs. Cupa-veela, Rheed. Mal. ix. t. 33. Vinka pulsilla, Linn. suppl. 166. : A small, erect, annual, ramous plant ; a native of open, fertile, cultivated lands. Flowers during the wet season, Stem erect, smooth, branchy, four-sided; angles acute, from six to twelve inches high. Leaves opposite, short« petioled, lanceolate, entire, smooth ; about two inches and : a half long,and three-fourths of an inch broad. Sti sles subulate. Flowers axillary, in pairs, small, white, short. ad a‘ 1 nage a PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Nerium. peduncled.—Corol, mouth of the tube contracted, and shut with hair.— Nectarial corpuscles as in the family. NERIUM, Schreb. gen. N, 420. Corol funnel-shaped ; ‘wiouth® of the tube variously crowned. Germ two-celled ; cells many-seeded, epitach ment intetior. Follicles two. Seeds many, comose. - bryo inverse, (sub-convolute, or expanded.) 4. N.odorum, Willd. i. 1235. Leaves linear-lanceolate, tern. Segments of the calyx erect. Nectaries many-cleft, divisions filiform. Sung. Karavira, vide Asiat. Researches, iv. 265. Beng. Kurubee, Rukta Kurubee (the red variety), Sweta Kurubee (the white variety), Pudma Kurubee the double variety). Hind. Lall-Karpud, (the single rés6-colounane or shwet Karpud (single white), Padmu-Karpud (the double variety.) Belutta-areli, Rheed. Mal. ix. ¢. 2. Tsjovanna-areli, Rheed. Mal. ix. t. 1. Common in gardens in overy parle of agin, and in flow~ er the whole emt, | ae 2.N. coccincéum, R. ; _Arboreous. Leaves siieebaeil, ovate-oblong, entire, apex alternate. Flowers terminal, three or four : ; necta- rium acetabuliform. Follicles linear, rough. _ Pullum, the vernacular name in Silhet. A native of the eastern frontier of Bengal, beyond the mouth of the Megna, from thence introduced by R. K- Dick, Esq. into the botanic garden at Calcutta, where it _ Blossoms in April. In its native soil it grows to bea large Nerium, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIAz 3 timber tree ; the wood white, remarkably light, but firm, and much used by Turners to make palkees; &c, where: light, strong wood is required. Stem (in plants six or seven years old) short, but- stfaight, and to the base decorated with numerous patent branches and branchlets. Bark of the ligneous parts ash- coloured. and smooth ; whole height from six to ten feet. escent. Leaves opposite, very short-petioled, bifa- rious, ovate-oblong, entire, long, taper-pointed, smooth on: both sides, dark green, from two to six inches long, and from one to two and a half broad Stipules, some short bristles in the axil of theleaves. Flowers terminal, soli- tary, tern, twice tern, or more, with one in the forks,’ short-peduncled, and pedicelled, large, of a deep, but ra~ ther dull red. Bractes opposite, lanceolate, waved. Calysx divided to the base into five, nearly equal, sub-_ cordate, smooth | segments, with somewhat waved mar= gins. Coral. Tube very short, fleshy, sub-campanulate.- Border divided into five, obliquely-obovate, thick, tough segments, soon after expansion they become revolute, Nectarium five-lobed ; crimson-coloured; lobes with rounded, somewhat crenulate margins and firmly unit-- ed to the base of the segments of the corol. Filaments very short and thick, inserted on the mouth of the tube of the corol, within the neetary. Anthers sagittate, united; and forming a conic dome over the stigma. Germ two- lobed ; each lobe one-celled, with numerous seeds at= tached to the incurved margins of the suture on the in side. Style cylindric. Stigma with two-lobed apex. Follicies two, linear, about as thick as the little finger; and nearly twelve inches long, olive-coloured, but ren- dered rough with elevated white specks. Seeds numer- ous, imbricated, linear-lanceelar, with very ample coma, pointing to the base of the follicle. Integuments two, — ane exterior ‘one rather thick; the interior onea thin e adhering to the embryo. Perisperm none. A2 4 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Nerium. Embryo inverse ; cotyledons triangularly convolute. Ra- dicle cylindric, superior (pointing from the coma to the apex of the follicle.) The whole almost exactly as in Gaertner’s Nerium Zeylanicum, 2. p. 172 t, 117. 3. N. dinctorum, R. Stic. eas _ Arboreous. Leaves opposite, ovate-oblong. Panicles terminal. Follicles pendulous, very long, united at the © apex. i igtegy Nerium indicum, &c. Burm. Zeyl. 167. t.'77 Telinga. Chite-ancalloo. ; A middling-sized tree, agreeing perfectly in its botani- cal character with Nerium of the Linnean sexual system, and from the quality of its leaves I have called it (Neri- um) tinctorium. Dyer’s rose bay, for to me it seems a new species ; at least itis not taken notice of by Linne« = hs us, nor by his son in his last Botanical publication, ‘the - Supplementum Plantarum published in 1781. It comes -Conessi bark ofour Materia Medica, Cadaga-pala of the Hortus Malabaricus, Pala Cadija of the Telingas. They are both natives of the lower region of those mountains which bound the Rajamundry Circaron the north side, and are so much alike in most respects, (the Nectarium ex- cepted) that without a tolerable knowledge of both, the one may be mistaken for the other ; and I have no doubt but the bark of the Nerium may have been gathered and sold for Conessi bark to which I attribute the disrepute that has fallen upon Conessi bark in Europe ; for with the natives of most parts of India it is deemed a specific in OES. most complaints of the bowels. And I am inclined to : think it deserves a better name than it has hitherto ac« quired amongst Europeans, one Trunk very irregular in shape, when very old it is from one and a half to two feet in diameter, but when of that size, it is full of large, rotten cayities ; its height to Nerium. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 5 the branches when large, is from ten to fifteen feet ; the bark of the old wood is scarbous, of the young pretty smooth, and ash-coloured. Wood remarkably white, _ close-grained, very beautiful, coming nearer to Ivory in - appearance than any other Iknow. Branches irregular- ly disposed, being bent in various directions; small branches opposite. Leaves numerous, opposite, short- petioled, oval-pointed, pretty smooth, entire, pale green ; when full grown from six to ten inches long, and from three to four broad. Stipules none. Flowers about an inch and a half in diameter, when fully expanded per- . fectly white, fragrant, disposed on lax globular panicles at the extremities of the branches. Bractes a small oval one below each sub-divisions of the panicle. Calyx di- vided into five equal semi-orbicular, permanent segments. Corol one-petalled. | Tube short, somewhat gibbous. Ks Border large, dlivided into five, oblique, linear-oblong, — ‘arium many ramous, white fi- laments crowning the mouth of the tube of the corol, (no nectary in the Conessi bark tree). Filaments five, very short, rigid, inserted just within the mouth of the tube, and within the nectarium. Anthers arrow-shaped, rigid. united to one another laterally, forming a very firm, co- nical cover for the stigma, their lower parts inwardly are covered with fine white hairs. Germ two, seemingly united. Style the length of the tube. Stigma, double, co- vered with transparent gluten, by which it adheres to the inside of the anthers. Folliclestwo, very long, slender, pendulous, united at both ends singly, they are from _twelve to twenty inches long ; and about as thick asa common pencil. Seeds numerous, long, slender, crown. ed with down, like the seed of the common thistle. Em- bryo inverse, without perisperm, and the cotyledons roll- ed up in a compound manner. between involute and con a = - Obs. This tree as I observed before, is a native o Khe 6 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Nerium. hills and lower regions of the mountains directly north from Coringa_ in the Rajamundry Circar, and delights most in the south or sunny side of these hills and moun- tains. lam informed that it also grows in great plenty over the Carnatic, and in every part of the Circars. where there are hills or mountains, being an extent of above one thousand miles in iar oud. of breadth un- certain. It contains a milky juice, chiefly in the ronda tending, and young leaves, which flows freely on being wounded: The natives make scarcely any use of it, except for fire- wood ; and the more it is cut down, the more it increases : _ many shoots issuing from the old stumps, these in one year acquire various heights, from one to ten feet, accord- ing to the nature of the soil, &c. and are thick in proporti- on. It casts its leaves during the cold season ; about the beginning of the hot season in March and the beginning of April, the young leaves begin to make their appear- ance, together with the flowers ; by the end of the month — (April,) those that first began to be unfolded, will have attained to their full size. This I have found to be the pro- per time to begin to gather the leaves, and make the indi- go, about this time also it ceases flowering, and the seed vessels are fully formed, but the seeds are not ripe until January or February. The colour the leaves acquired in drying for my Hor. tus siccus, particularly if they chanced to be bruised, first induced me to think they possessed colouring mat—_ my “expeUEGOn although T have been often deceived by the same appearances in the leaves of other plants. For an account of the method of making the indigo, see Separate treatise. ; 4. N. tomentosum, R. | ope _ aArboreous, Leaves ih pointed, dew Nec Nerium. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 7 of fleshy lacerated glands, on the mouth of the tube. An< thers without threads. Follicles divaricate, sub-cylindric. Nelam-pala, Rheed. Mal. ix. t.3 and 4.. Telinga. Poota-jeeleroo. A small tree ; a native of the mountainous parts of the - Circars ; flowers during the hot season. Bark rust-colour- ed, with small scabrous, light-coloured specks; the * young shoots very downy. Every part of the plant dis. charges a yellow, milky juice on being wounded. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oval, pointed, both sides downy, from two to three inches long, and one and a half, or two broad. Stipules none. Panicles corymbi- form, terminal, small. Bractes minute, caducous. Flow- ers pretty large, white; nectary orange-coloured. Calyx, the segments are ovate and obtuse. Corol. Tube gib- bous, firm, somewhat fleshy. Nectary fleshy,andlacera- ted into obtuse, fleshy segments. Anthers arrow-shaped, ng ; they terminate in a sharp rigid point with- out any threat Follicles about eight or nine inches long, and two in circumference, scabrous. _ Obs. With the yellow juice which flows from the wound- ed plant, diluted with water, bits of cotton cloth were died a pretty good yellow, which still continues bright as at first, now two years.—Seeds numerous, oblong: com- pressed. Coma pure white and delicately fine. tateqemeet and embryo, as in ibiaseiaie : dD. N. vain R. : Leaves oblong entire, lucid. Panicles terminal ek. ate shorter than the leaves. Flowerssalver shaped, Nec- taries bifid, and villous. Follicles oblong, obtuse, smooth, buffed. Echaulut or Echalut the vernacular about Silhet. An extensive, perennial woody climber, a native of _Silhet in Bengal; flowering in May and June seed ripe in January. Its bark, contains a quantity of fibrous 1 ina tte ~ * 8 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA.- Nerium, which the natives of the country where the plant grows, use as a substitute for hemp. In steeping some of the young shoots in a fish pond in order to accelerate the removal of the bark, and cleaning the fibres, many, if not the whole of the fish were killed, hence the specific name. . ; . * Stem and larger branches ligneous, and ramble to a vast extent. Young shoots long, round and smooth. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong, taper-obtuse jointed, entire, firm and lucid; about six inches long, by two broad. Panicles terminal, sub-globular ; composed of a few pairs of brachiate, short, few-flowered branches ; all are round andsmooth. Flowers many, large, pale yellow Salver-shaped. Bractes oblong, rather obtuse, and small. Calyx five-leaved. Leaflets ovate smooth. Tube of the corol larger than the five obliquely trapiziform segments of its border, gibbous in the middle where the stamina are lodged. Nectarium consists of five bifid, villous seg- ments, rising from the five fissures of the border of the co- rol, round the mouth of its tube. Germ two-lobed, two- celled, with numerous ovula in each, attached to an eleva< tion down the centre of the partition. Style scarce half the length of the tube. Stigma large, with contracted bifid apex. Follicles ovate-oblong, while fresh very large, by being much inflated or puffed, smooth, obtuse, greenish yellow when ripe. Seed many, thin, oval, with broad membranaceous margin, crowned. Integuments two, ex- terior, soft, smooth, light brown; interior, rather fleshy while the seeds are recent. Perisperm no other than the interior integument of the seed. Embryo inverse, coty- dedons round-cordate, strongly marked with veins. Radi- cle cylindric, superior. 6.N. reticulatum, R. : Shrubby, twining. Leaves oblong, smooth. Cymes ax illary. Nectarial scales five, wedge-shaped. | eis | a2 Se a * ve eRe tS —) Nerium. - - PENTENDRIA MONOGYNIA. Kalli-pal-valli. Rheed. Mal. 9. €. 11. Apocynum reticulatum. B. H. Teling. Adivi pala-tiga. — Hind. Karunta. 2. _ A large twining shrub, a native of hedges, thickets: &e. Flowering time the rainy season, abounds with milky juice. a Leaves opposite, short-petioled, obovate, or oblong,en- - tire, smooth, very pale underneath ; with numerous, small, reticulated veins running through every part, from three to six inches long. Cymes axillary, many times shorter than the leaves, and short peduncled, many-flowered. Flowers small, yellow. Calyx five-parted; division short, ovate. Coral: tube very short, gibbous ; divisions of the border linear-lanceolate. Nectary five wedge-form- ed scales, inserted on, or rather in the mouth of the tube. Stamens within the tube, below the nectarial scales. Style short. Stigma peltate, five sided. Follicles lance- olate, horizontal, about three inches long. oni 7. N. chinensis, Hunter. _Shrubby, with erect, dichotomous branches. Leaves sub-sessile, ovate-lanceolate, smooth. Peduncles terminal » becoming lateral, or in the forks of the branches, fow-Hovge ered Segments of the corol narrow, and end ensiform, ina in the base of the tube. how A native of China. In one garden on Pulo-penang Dr. Hunter found it in blossom i in July : I can find no nectarial crown on the tube of the corol, nee I suspect it to be an Echites. 8. N. caudatum, R. Shrubby, scandent. Leaves oblong, smooth. C) ynes ter- ‘minal. Segment of the corol ending in long, filiform poin ts. _ A large climbing shrub, a native. of the mountain B 10 PENTENDRIA MONOGYNIA. Neriune. parts of the Coast, bark. ash-coloured with scabrous ‘specks. apr Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oval, waved, smooth, shining. Corymbs terminal, two-forked. _Bractes nar- row-lanceolate, revolute. Flowers large, pretty numer- ous. Calyx five-cleft ; divisions linear, waved, revolute, coloured, very much like the bractes. Corol ; tube con- tracted at the middle, each of the segments of the border ending in a large linear filament, as in Echites caudata. Nectary crowning the mouth of the tube as in the family. Anthers within the tube, and ending in filaments as in the genus. Germs two. Style length of the tube, white, rugose as if it were composed of small air bladders. ‘T know of no use any part of this plaat is put to. Tf Burman’s Echites caudata is the same, the nectary, and threads to the anthers, are omitted in his figure, Flora In- dica Table 26. Is allied to De Candoll’s Strophanthus. 9. N. grandiflorum, R. _ ee Shrubby, twining. Leaves oblong, polished. Flowers ter- minal. Nectaries bifid. Follicles three-sided horizontal. A native of the Peninsula of India. In the botanic garden at ‘Calcutta it is in flower great part of the year though the seeds do not often come to maturity. ‘Stem stout, and woody. Bark smooth, greenish ash cor lour. Branches twining up and over trees of very consi- derable size severy part abundantly lactescent when wound- ~ ed. Leaves opposite, short petioled, oblong, entire. obtu- se-pointed, polished on both sides; underneath minutely re- ticulated, about three inches long, , by one and ahalfbroad. Flowers terminal, from one to many, forming a dichoto- _mous raceme with one in the fork, very large, pale pink. Bractes conically-lanceolate, opposite, caducous. Calyx five-leaved. Leaflets oval-lanceolate, with ample, thin curled margins. Corol campanulate, half five-cleft. Nec- taries five, not alternate. with, ‘but attached to the tube of Echites. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ll the corol immediately above the stamina ; each divided in- to two long, filiform, cdloured segments. Filaments short, inserted on the contracted base of the tube of the corot. Anthers cordate, incurved in form ofa dome over the stig- ma, Germs two, one-celled, each containing many ovula attached to a large projecting fleshy receptacle on the in- ‘side. Style at the base double and coalescing into one body near the top. Stigma single, large, globular, with the vertex two-toothed, and five glands round the side, which are firmly attached to the inside of the five anthers near their base, between these are five dark-coloured, spoon-shaped scales, which become detached by age. Follicles horizontal, three sided, with the angles sharp ; tapering toa long, incurved, rather obtuse beak, ECHITES. ‘4 [By some accident the Gikesin Character of Echites, wat the description of the three first species, viz: Antidysenterica, Tincto- ria, and Scholaris are wanting in my copy of Dr. Roxburgh’s work; The two first of these are now removed to Wrightea, and the last to Alstonia. It is thought better to print the genus as it stands with this deficiency, than to insert a generic character of the ge- nus, and a description of the three species which would not be Dr. Roxburgh’s. W. Carey.] “ =: z. caryophyllata, R. Ef ok q r ee ag. Leaves ovate-cordate, pointed. Cymes termi- 5 Tube gibbous at top. Nectary ile ma oat Segments of the corol, triangular. ; a Sans. Malati. See. Asiat. Res.ivy. 246. — Kemetti valli. Rheed. mal. ix. t. 135. Compare with E. costata Willd. This is a large twining shrub, a native of moantata? ous tracts only. It flowers during the wet season : the . flowers are delightfully fragrant, partaking much of the smell of cloves. Stem woody, tyiining, as thick as aman’s :. ee 2 12 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Echites. leg. Bark dark rust-colour, with fissures and scabrous specks. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, ovate-cordate, pointed, entire. Petioles with the nerve and veins colour- ed red. Cymes terminal, sub-globular. Bractes falling. Flowers numerous, large, pure white, delightfully fra- grant. Calyx fiye-leaved, leaflets lanceolate, as long as the corol, somewhat coloured, on the outside a little downy. Corol; tube five-sided, gibbous; segments of the border large, triangular. Nectary and pistillum as in other species. Follicles cylindric, spreading. Seedsa few, very large, crowned with down. The delightful smell of the flowers of this plant, as well as their beauty, makes it highly deserving a place in the flower garden. On my arrival in Bengal I found it in a few gardens only. d. E. frutescens, R. : Twining. Leaves oblong, pointed. Panicles terminal ; segments of the corol long twisted and hairy; tube gib- bous above the middle. a ae headed filaments. Follicles linear. A. floribus fasciculatis. Burm. se me. tc dey, Ae Syama. Asiat. Res, iv. 261. ; Beng. Syama-luta. Teling. Nalla-tiga. This plant Dr. Konig thought was Apocymum frutes- cens of Linneus. Itis a large, ramous, twining, shrubby species ; common in hedges, &c. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong, seioadsaneso. late, pointed, smooth, entire ; from one to two inches long. Panicles terminal; ramificnsiala opposite. Flowers small, white, inodorous. Corol. Tube gibbous where the stamens are lodged ; mouth contracted, and shut with hairs ; segments of the border linear, twisted hairs. Nec- tary five subulate bodies with large recurved heads, sur- rounding the germs. Style mangle, ofa tongs sufficient to * Echites. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 13 bring the large, compound Stigma in contact with the anthers. Follicles and seedsas inthe genus. __—* 6. E. macr ophylla, R , Shrubby, twining. Leaves sub-rotund acumineee: dow- ny underneath. Cymes terminal. -Belutta-kaka-kodi. Rheed. mal. ix. ft. 5 and 6. Harkee the vernacular name in Silhet; where it is in- digenous. Flowering time the hot months of May and June; the seeds do not ripen until the following March or April. Stem and larger branches ligneous, twining, young shoots marked with little elevated brown specks. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, from oval to roundish oval, entire, acute, downy underneath ; from ten to twelve inches long by from seven to ten broad. Cymes termi- nal, elevated on a strong erect peduncle, many-flowered. — Flowers very large, white. Bractes opposite, at the divisions of the cyme, ovate, acute. Calyx companu- late, five toothed. Corol infundibuliform. Tube gib- bous immediately above the base where the anthers are lodged; segments of the border unequally obovate, spread- ing. Filaments short, hairy. Anthers sagittate, united at the sides into a cone over the stigma, Germ superior, ovate, two-lobed, two-celled, with many ovula in each, attached to the thick middle ofthe partition. Style short, grooved, as if composed of two portions firmly united. Stigma headed, with an acute, bidentate apex. Follicles pendulous, about twelve inches long, and as ‘thick as the little finger, tapering to an acute point, pretty smooth. Seeds numerous, large, spatulate ; coma ample, pointing to the apex of the follicle; the reverse of Nerium cocci- num. Infeguments single, firm, and brown. Perisperm in asmall quantity; in fact an interior integument. Embryo inverse. Cotyledons oblong. Radicle yeh aggre, superior, and pointing to the coma, 14 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Echites.. 7. E. grandiflora, R. . Scandent. Leaves cuneate-oblong. Cymes terminal, and axillary. Leaflets of the calyx-lanceolar, waved, and coloured. Corol companulate. Follicles linear. A native of the hilly parts of Chittagong and Silfet, where it blossoms during the dry season. The seeds take nearly one year to ripen. Stem and large branches ligneous, and ont toa very great extent, young shoots villous. Leaves oppo- site, short-petioled, from oblong-cuneiform, to obovate— oblong, entire, apex rounded, with a short point; void of pubescence, hard; from six to eight inches long by from _ two to five broad. Cymes axillary, becoming lateral, short, few-flowered, all the parts thereof clothed with fer- ruginous down. Flowers very large, equalling those of So- landra grandiflora; greenish yellow. Bractes oblong, co- loured and veined. Calyx to the base divided into five long, lanceolate, waved, acute, coloured, veined seg- - ments. Corol campanulate; border expanding about five inches, and divided into five oval, waved, rather acumi- nate, broad segments. Filaments five, nearly as long as the corol, ascending in a gentle curve, smooth, inserted . into the base of the bell of the corol. Anthers sagittate, sides firmly united, forming a conical cover for the stig- ma, to which they cohere. Germ two-lobed, hairy, two-celled ; ovula numerous, attached to a jugiform receptacle in each cell, rising from the partition. Style length of the stamina. Stigma large, clammy. Follicles horizontal, linear, obtuse, pretty smooth, the thickness of ‘the little finger ; points rather incuryed, and obtuse ; from six to ten inches long. Seeds numerous, imbricated, ob- long, compressed, brown, comose; coma very ample, I have rarely seen so large points to this apex of the folli- cles. Perisperm thin, light grey. Embryo straight, Coty- ledons oblong. Radicle Ne Nae puberior, Echites. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 15 8. E. acuminata, R. Shrubby, scandent. Leaves from oblong to broad-lan-_ ceolate, acuminate, Panicles axillary, longer than the leaves, diffuse, trichotomous, segments of the corol linear and falcate. Follicles filiform, about eightiinches long. Pingoree, or Bengeree the vernacular name in Silhet, where the plant is found in the forest, climbing up and over trees, &c. to a large extent. Flowering time May; the seeds ripen in about nine months. Young shoots rather rough with little, lighter coloured, elevated specks. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, broad- lanceolate, entire, acuminate, smooth ; from two to four. inches long, by one anda half broad. On young plants linear-lanceolate, and waved. Panicles axillary, solita- ry in one axil, the other vacant, longer than the leaves, lax, trichotomus throughout, smooth. Flowers many, large, white, and Aagrants Bractes opposite, long, slen—_ der, and smooth. - Calyx, large divided to the base, into live, long, narrow smooth segments. Corol. Tube the length of the calyx, enlarged at the base, the border cut in to five long, narrow, falcate, curled segments, which are imbricated inthe bud. Nectary cup-shaped, embracing the base of the germs, obscurely five-toothed. Filaments five, short, attached to the tube a little below the middle. Anthers sagittate, completely within the mouth of the tube, Germs two, or very completely two-lobed, each one- celled, containing numerous ovula, attached to a groov-.__ ed vertical receptacle on the inside. Style half the length of the tube. Stigma large, oblong, bidentate. Follicles pendulous about a foot and a half Jong, and not thicker. than a goose quill, dark brown, marked with small lighter. coloured specks, Seeds many, crowned with an am~ ple: coma, which points to the apex of the follicle. Pe- risperm aula sa iealaion inverse, _ Les * ny E, marginata, Ps 3 ‘ 16 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Echites. Shrubby, scandent. Leaves lanceolate; an anasto~- mosing vein near the margin. Panicles terminal, corym- bose. Dood-luta the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is indigenous climbing up, and over trees &c. Flowering time April and May when the air is perfumed with its fragrance. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, lanceolate, entire, smooth, veins large, apices anostomosing and forming a waved line within the margin ; from two to six inches long. Panicles terminal, longer than the leaves, lax, corymbi- form; first ramifications opposite, i. e. subtrichotomous . afterwards dichotomous; all smooth. Bractes ensiform. Flowers many, large, white, fragrant. Calyx five- leaved; leaflets ensiform. Tube of the corol gibbous at the base, the stamina lodged near the middle. Segments of the border five, linear, falcate. Nectary a ring round the base ofthe germ. Germ two-lobed; ovula in each’ lobe numerous, attached to a projecting receptacle down. the centre of the partition. Style half the-length of the tube of the corol. Stigma large, oblong, bidentate. ~ 10. E. cymosa. R. : Shrubby, hairy. Leaves elliptic, acuminate. Cymes terminal, shorter than the leaves, crowded. Calyx five -leaved, length of the corol, Nectary poculiform, with five-toothed mouth. Kasee, Ewtaesbrab. . A native of the copses, or low jungle in the Silhet dis- trict, where it grows to be a middle sized, ramous shrub; flowering in May. ~ Young shoots hairy. - Leaves petioled, opposite, elliptic, acuminate, hairy, particularly underneath; from three to four inches long, by from one and half to two and half broad. Cymes ter- minal, subglobular, much shorter than the leaves, crowd- Echites. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 17 ed with small dull white, fragrant flowers. Bractes en- siform, hoary. Calyx of five, hoary, ensiform leaflets, scarcely united at the base, and as long as the tube of the corol, Corol hoary on the outside, Tube gibbous ; bor- der of five, obliquely ensiform segments, which are shorter than the tube, and white in the bud, imbricated. Necta- ry poculiform, embracing very completely the whole germ ; mouth five-toothed. Anthers within the tube, sa- gitate. Germ of two distinct lobes, their apices very hairy, each lobe one-celled, and containing numerous o- vula attached to a vertical ridge on the partition. Style short, Stigma large, acuminate, adhering by gluten to the inside of the anthers, 8. E. paniculata, R ~Shrubby, scandent. Leaves broad-lanceolar, entire, smooth. Panicles axillary and terminal, trichotomous - throughout. Nectary cup-shaped, surrounding the germ, five-toothed. Follicles obclavate, few-seeded. . An extensive, powerful, woody rambler ; a native of the forests of Silhet. Flowering in March and April, the seeds from the flowers of the former year ripening about the same time. Young shoots round and perfectly smooth. Leaves op- posite, short-petioled, broad-lanceolar, smooth and of a ‘very firm texture, entire, obtuse-pointed ; from four to eight inches long, and from oneand a half to three broad. Stipules none. Panicles axillary, and terminal, long- er than the leaves, smooth in every part, throughout tri- chotomous to the extreme divisions, and they are three- flowered, Bractes oval, embracing the base of the divi- sions. Flowers very numerous, and very small, pale-yel- low. Calyx five parted. Corol with a short gibbous tube, _ and border of five, falcate, woolly-margined segments. Nectary cup-shaped, five-toothed, embracing the low- er half, or more, of the germ, Filaments short. c pS ae PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Echites, saggitate, adhering to each other, in the gibbous part of the tube, and forming a dome over the stigma, Germs two-lobed, two celled, &c. Style very short. Stigma very large, with a pointed, bifid apex. Follicles horizon- tal, five or six inches long, as thick as the little finger at the base, and from thence tapering to an obtuse point, smooth, Seeds a few, with an immensely long and large coma. to the apex and Embryo, as in the Asclepiade, 9. E. hircosa, R. _ Twining. Leaves petioled, oval, smooth. Panicles ~axillary, globular, and open. Anthers exert, a pearl like gland on the back. Pergularia glabra. Willd, 1, 1247. Flos pergularia. Rumph. amb, 51, 29. f. 2. A pretty extensive, perennial, twining shrub ; a native of Bengal, but scarce. The flowers are pretty white, larger and more numerous than in dichotoma, but have a very offensive smell, truly goatish, as noticed by Rum- phius. It flowers about the end of the hot season, and the beginning of the rains in May and June. Leaves opposite, rather short-petioled, oval, senrowient pointed, entire, smooth ; from three to five inches long, and from two to three fren: Panicle axillary, shorter than the leaves, subglobular, very open, though very ramous, slightly villous. Flowers large, pure white, long pedicelled. Bractes from lanceolate to ensiform. Calyx 5-parted ; seg- ments sub-lanceolate, acute, Corol with a short, rather gib- bous tube. Border of several round spreading segments ; which are imbricated in the bud. Nectary of five, fleshy, smooth scabs, covering the germ, Filaments five from the mouth of the tube, thick, andshort. Anthers saggittate, forming a pointed cone over the stigma on the base ; on the outside a large, beautiful pearl-like gland. Germ Sasi two-lobed, 2 celled ; Ovula numerous, attached to an ; elevated vertical receptacle on the partition, Style long- Echites. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 19 er than the tube of the corol, columnar. Stigma large, clammy, and adhering to the anthers, apex two-toothed, 13, E. dichotoma, R, Twining. Leaves opposite, ‘lanceolate-oblong. Racemes axillary, dichotomous. Segments of the corol obovate. Filaments thick, headed, and woody. ~ Beng. Happur-malee. Pergularia glabra, Kon. in B. H. . A large, twining, shrubby plant, found in forests, &e, near Calcutta ; flowering time, the hot season, Stems ligneous. Branches numerous, spreading and twining ; bark of the woody part ash-coloured, of the young shoots green and smooth. Leaves. opposite, very short-petioled, from oblong to lanceolar, acute, recurved, entire, smooth ; from two to three inches long, and from one, to one and a half broad. Stipules, some awl-shaped, brown glands surrounding the insertions of the leaves. Racemes axilla- ry, ora little above, solitary, generally two-cleft, or two racemes toa common peduncle, rachis winding. Flowers alternate, generally solitary, pretty long-pedicled, large, pure white, pleasantly fragrant. Bractes, afew ofan unequal size at the insertion of each pedicel. Calyx of five, cordate, pointed leaflets ; the length of the tube of the corol. Corol tubular ; tube short; border large, flat; di- visions roundish-obovate. _Nectary cylindric, surround- ing the germs ; mouth five-notched. Filaments inserted. on the mouth of the tube of the corol, very thick, with a large round pearl coloured projection behind the insertion of the arrow-shaped anthers, which are woolly on the fore side.‘ Germs two, &c. as in the former species, Style single, hairy. Stigma headed, and adhering firmly toa projection in the fissure which forms the barb of the Anthers. Follicles oblong, large, being about six inches long, and above two _in diameter at the thickest part, and what is most extraor- einarys ibe.cnkn:tem.renh reasele which Ihave yet.mmet c2 20° PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Plumeria, with, divided spontaneously into four parts or equal. valves, when dry. Seeds numerous, comose, &c. with in- verted embryo, as in the other Apocinee. 14. E. parviflora R. : Twining. Leaves lanceolar. Panicles terminal, and axillary, brachiate. Tube of the corol gibbous toward. the base ; | segments of the border linear-falcate. Necta- ry an entire ring round the germ. A stout perennial species, a native of the partes Cir- cars, ™ 15. E. clavata, R oat, Twining, dichotomous. Leaves broad, lanceolate, en- tire, villous underneath. Paniclesaxillary, dichotomous, Tube of the corol clavate, with the segments of the border falcate. Anthers linear, and within the mouth of the tube. A native of the Moluccas, and of all the species known to me, this most resembles E. Dichotoma, but differs suf- ficiently in the length of thetube, the segments of the bor- der ofthe corol, and the stamina, to authorise its being considered a distinct species. PLUMERIA. Schreb. gen. N. 422. Calyx 5-parted. Corol infandibuliform. Germ 2 celled’; cells many seeded, attachmentinterior. Follicles refies. Seeds inserted into their proper membrane. P. acuminata of the Banksian herbarium. : - Arboreous. Leaves cuneate-lanceolar, acuminate, those of the branchlets obtuse. Racemes corymbose, Flos convolutus. Rumph. Amb. 4. t, 38 3 9008. Hind. Gool-achin. This very elegant, small tree does not appear to bea ‘native of this part of India, I have only found it in gar- dens; but there itis verycommon, which shews it to be of Tabernemontana, PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ° 21 considerable antiquity. Every part is full of tenacious, white juice, which exudes plentifully on being wounded. Trunk crooked, from six to ten feet high. Bark rough. Branches numerous, three-forked, swelled towards the ends; the height of the whole tree fifteen or twenty feet. Leaves crowded about the end of thebranchlets, petioled, wedge-lanceolar, acute, entire. Many straight veins run — towards the circumference, and are lost in another waved vein, which surrounds the leaf within the margins; theyare smooth on both sides ; about a foot long and three inches - broad. Petioles round, with a small channel on the upper side, which ends below in a hollow filled with blackish co- | nical glands. Peduncles subterminal, having several co- rymbiform racemes, in a verticelled order. Flowers numer- ous, succeeding one another for a great length of time ; on the outside they are tinged red ; the inside pale yellow be- low, and white towards the base of the segments ; diffus- ing a pleasing fragrance, chiefly during the night. Calyx of five, small, roundish, fleshy leaves, Corolfunnel-shap- ed, with a large imbricated border ; divisions obovate. Stamens in the bottom of the tube. Filaments short. Anthers sagittate- Follicles pendulous, horizontal, very rigid. In thirty-five years I have only met with them once, so rarely does this tree ripen its seed. TABERNZ MONTANA. Contorted. Corol funnel-shaped. Follicles two, ‘re- curved. Seed several, immersed in a pulpy aril, and rirsomnise attached to the two 1 margins of the follicles. 1. T. dichotoma. R. Subarboreous, dichotomous. Leaves oblong, and li- near oblong, with deverging veins, Racemes simple or compound, single. or in pairs from the forks, A native of ber and Malabar and ‘introduced into ‘the Botanic Garden at Calcutta from the former place, 22 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Tabernemontana. the Rev. Dr. John; where it flowers during the - part of the year, but chiefly during the rains. Trunk short. Branches numerous ; spreading much in every direction; dichotomous, the old ones with smooth olive coloured bark ; the young ones green, round, and very smooth. Leaves opposite, petioled, oblong,and linear-oblong, entire, rather obtuse, of a firm texture, and polished on beth sides ; veins parallel, diverging from the rib; length from four to eight inches and from one to two broad. -Petioles short, and united ina cup like a stipulary ring which com- pletely embraces the branchlets, All these parts very re-. sinous. Racemes simple or compound ; single or in pairs, in the extreme divisions of the branchlets ; often as long as the leaves, polished, bright green, Flowers rather remote, long-pedicelled, large, white, scarcely fragrant. . bractes scarcely any. Calyx five-parted ; divisions short, semilunar, resinous, Coral ; tube long, gibbous near the base, much contracted above the stamina ; Border of five, contorted, faleate segments, Filaments short, inserted into the tube of the corol near the mid- dle. Anthers sagittate. Germs two, closely united; single, one-celled ; ovula numerous, attached toa two- lobed receptacle, on the inner side of the cell, Style two-thirds shorter than the tube of the corol, two-lobed. Stigma large, with a tapering bifidapex. Follicles, it is rare to find more than one of the two come to ma- turity, they are recurved with the back considerably concave; and very gibbous on the opposite side, where an elevated rib runs along each side of the suture; ob. tusely pointed, pretty smooth; when ripe of a bright orange colour, four or five inches long, and nearly two in dia- meter where thickest. Seeds numerous, of an irregular, cuneate-oblong shape, with a deep longitudinal groove on one side; each enveloped in its own proper, scarlet, pulpy aril and inserted along the side of the two margins Tabernamontanad. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 293 of the suture by the small end of the aril, which is again attached by a broad umbilical cord to the centre of the longitudinal groove just mentioned, Perisperm in pret- ty large quantity, rather soft, and of a pale bluish white colour. Embryo nearly as long as the seed, with the two cordate cotyledons ledged near the thick end ; and the | long, almost straight cylindric radicle directed to the small end where the aril was attached to the margin of _ the follicle ; (relative centripeta of Gertner.) : An incomplete drawing, and description of this tree, was sent to the Honourable the Court of Directors under the name of Cerbera dichotoma, and numbered 1541. At that time IT had not seen the fruit but since my return to ' India, I have met with it ina perfectly ripe state and find the plant must now be referred to the genus Tabernemon- tana esti I ink, it forms a new proces: fort 2. T. ergs R. Shrubby, dichotomous. Leaves lanceolar, waved, smooth. | Penduncles from the divisions of the branches few flowered, Calyx 5-toothed. Follicles arith ma- ny-seeded. Nerium coronarium, Hort. Kew. 1, P. 297, Nandi-ervatum major, and minor, Rheed. Mal. 2. t 54, and 55, 1 take to be the gonbhe and single varieties of this, itl Firk-tugur the Hindoo name of the single flowered, 5,3 om .d Bura-tugur of the double flowered. — Jasminum zylanicum. &c. Burm, zeyl. 129. 1. 59. _ Flos Manilhanus, Rump. Amb, 4, t, 49. appears to be the double variety. _A flowering shrub common in gardens over India. Tti is in flower the greater part of the year but rarely ripens its seed, I mean the double sort, the single neni them fre- “04 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Taternemontana. Trunk trifling, but numerous, two-forked branches, with a pretty smooth light ash-coloured bark. The whole shrub is about 6 or 8 feet high. Leaves opposite, short- petioled, spreading, lanceolar, smooth, shining, deep green; margins waved a little, with elevations above the veins ; four or six inches long. Stipules within the leaves, Tesinous as in most species of Gardenia. Peduncles ge- ‘nerally solitary, from the divisions of the branchlets, one or two inches long, from one to eight flowered. Flowers pure white, and delightfully fragrant during the night. Calyx five-toothed. Corol funnel shaped ; tube contract- ed towards the mouth, and crowned with small yellow glands, (which brings it in this respect near to Nerium ;) border five-parted ; divisions obliquely ovate, and curled at the margins. Stamens rather below the middle of the tube. Germs two. Style short. Stigma single, headed with its slender apex, bifid. Feollicles spreading ; and recurv- ed singly, from one to three incheslong. Seeds three to six, irregularly oblong, dark brown, and striated ; each enclosed in its own proper, fleshy, deep red pulpy ari Perisperm conform to the seed ; with the cordate cbiliile.. dons lodged in its thick end, and the long, cylindric, straight radicle, directed to the small end. Note, This pulp seems fit for yielding a very beautiful colour. ‘The double flowered variety is much more com- mon than the single and i is more beautiful; few shrubs surpassing it. 3. T. Crispa. R. 2 _ Shrubby, dichotomous. Leaves oblong, rh waved, smooth. Peduncles from the divisions of the branches, three or four flowered, Calyx five-leaved. Follicles three or four seeded, ) ALT, alternifolia. Willd, 4. 1246, Curutu-pala, Rheed. mal.1, P. 83, t, 46. - Tabernemontana. PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 25 This is a large, tamous shrub, I have only found it in the Botanic Garden of the Company at Calcutta, where it flowers during the rains. Trunk short ; branches numerous, two-forked; bark ash coloured ; young shoots dotted, Leaves opposite, cross« armed, short-petioled, reclined, oblong, pointed, waved, pale green, but smooth on both sides ; from 4 to 8 inches long and two or three broad. Peduncles from the divisi- ons of the branchlets, solitary, few-flowered. Flowers pure white, fragrant. Calyx five-leaved, leaflets cordate, smooth, falling. Corol ; tube a little gibbous above the middle, and there the stamens are lodged ; divisions of the border curled. | Germs two, each one-celled, containing four vertical rows of ovula, two on each side, attached to the inner elevated margins of the cell. Follicles oblong, three-six-seeded. Seeds surrounded with their proper pulpy arils, &c. &c: as in T. Coronaria, I never saw this species with double flowers, nor is it so ornamental as even the single flowered. T. Coronaria. ‘To distinguish it from that species, attend to the calyx, and follicles chiefly, the leaves being in this also oppo— site, made me change the Linnean specific name atterni- Folia, for crispa on account of its curled petals. 6 corymbosa. R. | Leaves petioled, oblong. Corymit terminal, ample, de- compound, all the primary divisions dickonaneny An thers inclosed. . 2 A native of the Moluccas. Uy TT. parviflora. R. Shrubby, dichotomous. Leaves broad-lanceolate, ta< per, obtuse pointed. Peduncles in pairs at the forks, few- ‘flowered. ‘The five segments of the calyx ensiform. _ This small shrub, was sent from Sumatra to the Bota- 26 PENTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Tabernemontana. nic Garden at Calcutta, where it flowers during the rainy season ; but has not yet perfected its seeds in Bengal. Stem erect, slender, round, and smooth, soon dividing intoa few, slender, dichotemous branches, the. whole height rather under three feet. . Leaves opposite, short- petioled, broad-lanceolate, taper, obtuse- pointed ;margins -waved, but entire, smoothon beth sides, length from two to six. inches and the breadth frem one to two. Peduncles generally in pairs from the forks of the branches, few- flowered. Flowers pedicelled, small, white... | Pedicells as Jong as'the peduncles.|. Bracfes. few and small. | Calyx five-toothed.. Divisions erect, ensiform: _Corol infundibi- diform ; tube widest. close to. the mouth, and there the sessile anthers are lodged... Border of five falcate, linear, obtuse segments, which are shorter than the tube. Germ two-lobed; style of two; coalesced portions, and sufficient- ly long to elevate the stigma even with the anthers. Terecurva. R. Bal Biie.02 pene Ricbetuncas ico aiwbin ace sxtootl. Pedunclés i in pairs at the forks, recurved, corymbiform, Calyxes five-cleft. _Anthers in the mouth of the clavate tube. e A native of Chittagong fom whence it was sent to adhe Botanic Garden at Calcutta by Dr. Buchanan, where it blossoms in March and April. | Trunk tolerably straight, but short, soon dividing int several, dichotomeus branches. Bark smooth. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, broad-lanceolate, obtuse-point- ed ; smooth on both sides ; length from two to six inches, Peduncles in pairs from the divisions of the branchlets, short, recurved, each ending in adichotomous corymb of many, long, white, drooping flowers. Bractes lanceo- late. Calyx five-cleft to very near the base ; divisions | li- near, unequal, smooth, Coro! ; ; tube many times lor than the calyx, widened at the mouth, where the an- c- => Ceropegia. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. — 27 thers are lodged. “Border of*fivé, large, wedge-shaped, very obliqitely, smooth, entire segments. Fil short. An- thers sagittate, lodged just within the tabe of the corol. Germ two lobed. Style neatly as long as the’ tube of the corol, Stigma bifid, issuing from the apex of an’ bey = goalie cg gland. Sopher tr} : a = PR pei baHtafetid: Willd. 1. 1246. ' : Arboreous. Leaves opposite, lanceolar. “Panicles ter- minal and axillary, sinall, er _Pollicles' inany seeded. . ‘A small tree, with smooth ipweaied and dichotomous’ branches and’ branchlets. 8 ta rather ecaews ‘pale yel- low. ~ Keliia iP atiiet + try ‘ met seioinlas olfbin sar dued: HOSTS HX ct. pain Unseen S vik Seuss a ee GS ae ES ay. a pre fot EE ESR, JUGS: PSC Arie 2 OG) aon “PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. CEROPEGIA. Schreb. geu. n. 43%. - Calyx five-toothed. Corol with the divisions of its’ borders converging. Nectary surrounding the fructifica- tion, protruding five sterile ae fiesta} linear, ic askenestane agri nID ie botine pe eer Yandelabrum, Willd. 1.1275. 8 Perennial, twining, smooth. wrest -oblong ne bells pendulous. i: - Njota-njoden-valli. Rheed. aeist: 9 t. 16. : Native of Malabar. It flowers in the rainy ser sara per Botanic species sil spa ee: ats ; dh a ied €. oulbosa, swita. 1. 125 Ri Cord: BANA. 28 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA, Ceropegia. Leaves obovate, short-petioles, fleshy. Umbels short- peduncled, few-flowered. , _Teling, Manchi, viz. good Mandu. Hae It grows amongst bushes in hedges, &c. on dry, barren, uncultivated ground and flowers during the hot sea- son. : Root tuberous, a little flattened like a turnip, with several fibres from its base ; itis about as large asa small apple. Stems twining, herbaceous, smooth, succu- lent ; from 2 to 4 feet long. Leaves opposite, short-petiol- ed, obovate, with a small point, entire, fleshy, size vari- ous. Umbels lateral, lengih of the leaves, peduncled few-- - flowered, direction various. Flowers pretty large, erect ; tube greenish ; border purple. Calyx five-toothed ; tooth- lets acute, permanent. Corol one-petalled ; tube swelled’ at the base, contracted about the middle, enlarging from thence into a bell-shaped mouth. Border five-parted ; segments linear, downy, purple, erect, tops united, gaping at the sides. Nectary ; its body is already described in the — preliminary observations ; from each of its five divi- sions, rises a curved. tapering, filiform, sterile filament, of about half the length of the tube. Anthers five pair, rest- ing on the black pointed angles of the common stigma. (Corpus truncatum.) Germs two united. Styles two, united, short, thick. Stigma common large, peltate, five- cornered, before the flower opens these corners adhere firnily to five, incurved, yellow glandular parts of the nec- tary, and between them are the anthers. It requires some force to separate them, to have a view of the anthers ; when the flower is afterwards fully blown,. they separate of themselves, the anthers are then seen poised, asit were, on the five black, pointed angles of the stigma... riieliicles . two, slender, singly about 3 or 4 inches long, Every part of this plant is eaten by the natives, either raw or stewed in their cuties, The Balertione” on | a raw turnip, Asclepias. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 29 8. C. acuminata. Willd. 1.1276. R. Corom, pl.1. N. 8. Root tuberous, perennial. Stems Se twining. Leaves ensiform, succulent. Teling. Commoo-madu. ASCLEPIAS. ’ Contorted. Calyx five-toothed. Corol rotate, or sal- ver-shaped. Nectary subcylindric, embracing the organs of the fructification. Anthers five pairs, attached to the five angles of the common stigma. follicles two. Seeds ‘ comose. (apis tixe es The East Indian plants of this extensive family, be- longing to the natural order Apocinea of Jussieu, are, “with the exception of two or three species, uniformly twining perenials. The Leaves always opposite ; inflo- rescence sub-axillary or rather laterifolius umbels. “The Calyx and Corol five-parted. The nectary a subcylindric pentagon, more or less deeply divided into five, lanceo- late, lamellated segments. The organs of the fructifica- tion consist of five pair, of one-celled anthers and as I cannot subscribe to Brown’s opinion, I must say at all periods attached to the circumference, or when angular, to the five angles of the common stigma, and furnished with a fecundating fluid, instead of pollen. The germs two, or very perfectly two-lobed, superior, each crowned with its proper style, but the two are often pretty rn ed, and end in a single large, roundish, or pentagonal, spongy body, which I call the common stigma, (Jacquin’s tuberculum staminiferum, and Cavanille’s radix stamine- um) and gives the germs nearly as great a claim to t he first order of this class, as the other parts of the pistil- jum do to the second. ‘This body is in some parts firmly attached to the interior lamella of the five seg- ments of the nectary, and that organ being united to th Corol, the whole falls off in one body. Several of our In- “30 PENTANDRIA: DIGYNIA: Asciepias. dian plants of this order hitherto consigned to Pergula- ria, Periploca,Cynanchium, and Apocynum, fallinto this genus; nor can I contrive any possibility of placing. them elsewhere, so exactly alike are all the essential parts of their generic character, which appears to me as. completely Gynandrous, as any of the Orchidee. Section Ist. ‘Corel rotate. 1A. gigantea. Willd. 1264. ' Shrubby, hoary. Leaves stem clasping, aici ot vate, downy underneath. Umbels simple. _ Madorus Rumph. amb. 7. t. 14. f.1. (caine . Urka is the Sanscrit name of the lilac variety, nat Ulurka the name of the white. Ericu. Rheed. mal. 2. t. 31 the lilac, and pase ote 31 the white. Nella-jeberoo, the Telinga name of the lilac Someaail variety, and. Zella-jeleereo of the white flowered. Tene Akunda, and Swetakund. reer - This i is one of the most common, large, ramous annie : over. India. It is in flower, and has ripe seed all the year round,. It grows every where, but chiefly about old walls, hedges, or ruinous places. Stem. often as thick as a man’s leg, or thigh, cohaent ramous, Bark ash-coloured. Young shoots covered with soft woolly down. Leaves opposite, decussate, sub-ses~ sile, embracing the stem, broad, wedge-form, bearded on the upper side where they end in the petiole ; the upper surface pretty smooth ; the under one, covered with a white woolly pubescence, from four to six inches long, and from two to three broad. Umbels generally simple, though sometimes compound, peduncled. Pedunclesround, covered with the same woolly substance, as the leayes and young shoots, and issuing. alternately 1 from. bet the opposite | leaves, nearly erect, half the lengt of ‘the bay as We ee Asclepias. PENTANDRIA DIGYNTA. 31 leaves. Involucres several oblong, pointed scales. Flowers large, beautiful, a mixture of rose ee and am Calyx five-parted. Corol flat. The white flowered variety differs oily from the: tlas _ flowered, in the colour of the flowers. A large quantity of an acrid, milky juice, five rove wounds made in every part of these shrubs; the natives apply it to various medicinal purposes; besides which, they employ the plant itself, and the preparations thereof to cure all kinds of fits ; Epilepsy, Hysterics, Convulsions from Coitu immediately after bathing ; also Spasmodic disorders such as the locked jaw, Convulsionsin children, Paralytical complaints, Cold sweat, Poisonous bites, and venereal complaints, Good charcoal for ganpowder issaid to be made of it. A fine sort of silky flax is in some parts prepared from the bark of the young shoots. * SALSOLA. Schreb. gen. n. 437. Calyx five-leaved. Corol none. Capsules one-seeded. Seed screw-shaped. “1S. nudiflora, Willd. 1. 1313. Prostrate, perennial. Leaves entire, linear, obtuse, fleshy. Spikes terminal, long, ramous. Flowers fascicled, trigynous. Teling. Rawa-cada. Itis a native of salt, barren lands near the ‘sea and flowers the greater part of the year. _ nieg Stems perennial, many, spreading close Pe the dein, and often striking root, ramots, extremities of the branches ascending; young parts smooth, and coloured reddish. Leaves alternate, sessile, linear, fleshy, obtuse, smooth, generally about half an inch long. Spikes ter- minal, erect, very long, compound, Jeafless. Flowers very numerous, collected in little fascicles. ‘Filaments inserted into the bottom of the divisions of the calyx. Styles three, spreading. Seeds smooth, horizontal, oval, beaked, covered by a thin membrane, and that by the permanent calyx. 2 This plant is very common in many places near the sea; the natives gather it for fuel only. The taste is strongly saline, no doubt it would yield good Fossil alkali. How many valuable sources of wealth, and happiness lie lost to the world, ce key parts of the Salsola. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 61 Company’s Territorial possessions in India for want of encouragement, and enterprizing men. The two species of Salicornia, already described, and this plant, might be made to yield barrilla suflicient to make soap and glass for the whole world’; at the same time such a work would give bread to thousands of poor starving labourers ; which no doubt would greatly pro- mote population, and the consumption of the productions of these fertile countries ; for, except during years of re- markable drought, there is always more grain produced than can be sold on the spot, I will not say than can be eaten, because few of the poorer classes can, at the best of ‘times procure a sufficiency of food during the dry season of the year, when there is little or no employment for them, It therefore appears the more necessary to insti- tute such branches of manufacture as will employ those people during the dry season ; such as oe these plants and burning them for the Alkali. Our extensive, and I may also’ say imnpenetrible fo- rests (Jungle) which occupy such large tracts of the best lands in India might by degrees be cleared, and turned _into potash,. for the same reasons, and by the same means. Certainly labour is as cheap here as in Russia, where the largest quantities of that useful commodity are made. In this hot climate we have many advantagesthat _ the Russian manufacturer must ever remain deprived of ; viz, immense tracts of wood of the most solid texture which requires little labour to prepare it for the fire, on account ofthe great drought and heat which prevails at the sea- son this manufacture could best be carried on. The same heat and drought is fully sufficient to evaporate the ley, without the least assistance of fire. All that could be ne- cessary, would be some broad shallow vessels, exposed to the sun, and wind. (In this manner would 1 recom. mend the extract of my new Fever bark to be prepared. - But to effect such highly interesting objects, the I abou! 62 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Salsola. ofan individual however inclined to promote the public good, can avail but little, when not powerfully and cor- dially assisted by Government. The Spanish ministry sensible of the value of that branch of commerce, has pro- hibited the exportation of the seed of their best Barilla plant, under the strongest nities. | 2. S. indica. Willd. 1. 1317. Perennial, erect. Leaves linear, acute, semicylindrical, fleshy. Spikes panicled, leaf bearing. Teling. Ella-kura, With C. prostratum, Salicornias, &c. a native of the salt moist ground near the sea. It flowers during the’ most part of the year. —~ Stem ,woody, perennial, erect, very short, almost im- - mediately branching out into many diffuse, alternate ra- mifications which sometimes rest on the ground, but in general they are sufliciently strong to support themselves, Young branchlets erect. Leaves scattered round every part of the branchlets, erect, approximate, sessile, li- near, semicylindric, fleshy, smooth; half an inch Tong, and one-twelfth broad. In young plants, green, in older, coloured. Floral leaves shorter, and thicker. Spikes ter« minal, erect, compound, or panicled, glomerate, leafy. Flowers small, collected at the axills of the floral leaves.’ Calyx five-leaved ; leaflets outwardly semicylindric, with- in concave ; margins slightly membranaceous. Styles” two, or tonear the base two-cleft, hairy. Stamens shorter than the calyx. Anthers globular, two-lobed. Seed hori- zontal, beaked, enclosed in a tender membrane, which is enveloped by the succulent calyx. The green leaves of this species are universally eaten by all classes of natives wholive near the sea, where it is to be had ; itis reckoned very wholesome, and must be 80; as during times of § scarcity and famine, it is a very essential article of the food of the poor natives ; ~ dress it intheir Celtis. | PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 63 curries, kc. The leaves of this plant alone, the natives say, saved many thousand lives during the late famine of 1791, 2, and3: for while the plant lasted, most of the poorer classes who lived near the sea, had little else to eat, GOMPHRENA. Schreb. gen. n. 441. Calyx coloured, exterior, three-leayed ; leaflets two, converging, keeled. Petals five. Nectary cylindric, five- toothed, Style half two-cleft. Capsules one-sceded, * 1, G. globosa. Willd. 1. 1321. | Annual, at first erect, by age diffuse. Leaves oyate- lanceolate. Heads solitary. Peduncles two-leayed. _ Sans. Amlana. Hind. Lal idaho the crimson Soncied. va- riety, Suffet gool-makhmiul, the white flowered. 3 Flos globosus. Rumph. amb. 5. t. 100 f. 2. Wadapu. Rheed. mal. 10. t. 37. InGardens over India where it blossoms during the rainy and cold season, native place uncertain, , CELTIS. Schreb. gen. n. 1591. _Pouycamous, HERMAPHRODITE. Calyx ae leaved, Corol. none. Germ superior, one-celled, one-seeded, attachment superior 2 Drupe one-seeded, Embryo | trans- versely 1 inverse, with scanty Pperisperm, — : MALE. Calyx five-six-parted. Cor ag Pe ieas, LE. - Calyx five-six-parted. Drews and embryo as in the her- Pepa Be pay ST wea aad 1008 obliquely ovate, lanceolate, oe cuspi | th. Flowers axillary, triple, tetrandrous. sae * 64 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Celtis. A native of Nepal, from whence the seeds were sent by Dr. Buchanan to this Garden in 1802; in March 1809 the trees began to blossom, and ripened their seed in September ; they were then fifteen or twenty feet high, with stout, short, rather crooked trunks, and smooth ash-coloured bark. ‘Branches spreading much, and end- ing in long, drooping, or horizontal twigs. Young shoots bifarious, and slightly villous. Leaves alternate, bifa- rious, short- petioled, obliquely ovate, lanceolate, the base being unequally cordate, and entire; anterior margins obtusely serrulate ; points taper, acute and entire, rather smooth on both sides ; while young, colored, length about three inches, by one and a quarter broad. Stipules li- near-lanceolate, caducous. Peduncles axillary, tern, longer than the petioles, one-flowered, —— one hermaphrodite, and two male. HERMAPHRODITE, Calyx, four-leaved. Stamina four, longer than the calyx, and expanding with an elastic jerk, asin urtica, &c. Germ, oblong, one-celled, with one seed attached to the top of the cell. Styles two, recurvate, thick. Drupe round, size of a pea, smooth, olive colour. Nut obovate, apex obtuse ; base, acute, ribbed, one- celled, Seed solitary. Integument single, thin, membrana- ceous. Perisperm no other than a fleshy partial Integu- ment, entering into the plaits of the cotyledons. Embryo, — the size of the seed. Cotyledons variously folded. Radicle sub-superior, that is ascending toward the umbilicus or apex of the cell of the nut, &c. asin Laos occidentalis. Gert. sem. 1. 374. t. 77. _ Maue. Calyx and stamina as in the hermaphrodite. No pistillum. Note, C. occidentalis has flowered in this Garden, but the filaments are short, and not endowed with that re- markable elasticity of Gis Urtica, as in our Nepal pe = eles. . * Celtis. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 65 2. C. orientalis. Willd. 4. 995, Arboreous. Leaves bifarious, obliquely cordate, serrate, five-pointed, villous underneath. Papyrus spuria. Kemph. amom., 474, t. 472. Beng. Chicon. It is common over most parts of India, particularly in Bengal, where it grows to be a small, erect tree, covered with smooth, dark-coloured bark. It is in blossom the greater part of the year. ‘ Leaves alternate, bifarious, short-petioled, ovate-cor- date, fine-pointed, minutely serrate; above a little scab- rous, villous and whitish underneath, Flowers axillary, collected on short, common, two-cleft, diverging pedun- cles. . Mate, Calyx five-leaved, or_to the base five-parted, Corol none. Stamens five, elastic, longer than the calyx. Pistil an oval, abortive body, in the centre of the sta- mens. Female flowers generally on a separate tree, though * sometimes androgynous. Calyx as in the male. Germ oval, Styles two, hairy. Drupe small, succulent, when ripe black. Nut rugose, with one cell, and one seed. This tree is neither useful, nor ornamental, nor is it of long duration. 3. C. trinervia. | Arboreous. Leaves obliquely ovate-cordate, acuminate, serrulate, three-nerved, smooth. Flowers pentandrous. A middling sized tree, a native of Chittagong, where it blossoms in February and March, about the time the young foliage appears, and that of the former year begins to fall. Young shoots a 1 little villous, the bark of the old woo- dy parts ash-coloured, with still lighter coloured vite = ad = 2 seam oer ovate-ct 4 66 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Ulmus, remotely serrulate, acuminate, smooth on both sides ; length from four to six inches, and the breadth two and a half. Stipules ensiform. Maus. Flowers on small, open racemes from the base of the young shoots, or solitary under the hermaphrodite ones, small and not very conspicuous. Calyx five-leaved. Corol none. Filaments, five, short, opposite to the leaflets of the calyx. Anthers oval. HERMAPHRODITE flowers on slender, wiidind: axil« lary racemes, they are remote, and rather larger than the male. Calyx and stamina as in the male. Germ su- perior, ovate-oblong, one-celled, containing one ovula, attached to one side of the top of the cell. Style scarcely any. Stigmas two, spreading, large, and villous, LJ 4. C. tomentosa. R. Shrubby. Leaves long-cordate, acuminate, serrulate, three-nerved, scabrous above, very downy Un dehaeea Thyrses axillary short, and dense. : Te of Chittagong where it flowers in April. ULMUS. Schreb. gen. n. 443. Calyx five-cleft. Corol none. Germ superior, one-celled, one-seeded, superior. Capsules pedicelled, compressed, membrane-winged, one-seeded. Embryo inverse without perisperm. 1.0. lancifolia. R. Fa Leaves obliquely-lanceolate, pes and sbiuscly ser rulate, ‘obtusely acuminate, hard and lucid. Flowers pedicelled, hexandrous. Capsules unequally obcordate, pedicelled. A large timber tina: anative of the hilly parts of the Sal province of Chittagong, where it flowers in March. Trunk — erect. Branches many, sxlending far on every side. Ulmus. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 67 Young shoots slender, smooth and drooping consider. ably. Leaves bifarious, short-petioled, unequally lanceo- late, very equally obtuse-serrate, of a very hard texture, with a lucid surface; length from two to three inches; about one broad, Stipules ensiform, caducous. Flowers numerous, small, long-pedicelled, collected in little so- litary fascicles in the lower axills, or in those of the former year’s leaves. __ Pedicells slender, villous, one- flowered. Bractes many, round the insertion of the pedi- cells, oval, ciliate. Calyx campanulate, five-toothed, smooth. Filaments, six, longer than the calyx, broad, smooth, Anthers oval, two-lobed. Germ superior, while in the calyx subsessile, but after it opens it becomes pedicelled, oblong, one-celled, containing one ovula, at- tached to the top ofthe cell. Styles two, short, broad, and villous on the inner edge. Stigmas simple. Capsule pedi- celled, unequally-obcordate, very thin, scariose, wing- ed, nearly an inch each way, one-celled. Seed solitary, oval, compressed. Integument single, thin, brown. Peris- perm none. Embryo conform to the seed, inverse. 2. U. virgata. R. Branchlets pendulous. Leaves lucid, obliquely-oblong, equally serrate, base’ unequal. Flowers crowded, short ‘peduncled, tetrandrous. Fruit obliquely oval, sessile. From China this beautiful, small slow growing tree, was introduced into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, by Sir John Royds ; wherein about ten years, from the time ofits arrival, it began to blossom in November, and ripen- ed its seed in February. pedi: ve Trunk in trees of ten or twelve years growth, nearly erect, short, and not thicker than a man’s leg, Branches few, spreading much; many of the extreme branchlets run out into very long, slender, pendulous twigs. Bark of the young parts lighter coloured, and a little scabrous. ‘Height of the whole tree about ten feet, Leaves alter- 12 ie ee oe oS 68 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Ulmus, nate, bifarious, short-petioled, obliquely oblong, equally, and obtusely serrate, obtuse, of a hard or firm texture, and somewhat scabrous, yet shining on the upper sur-. face, length one or two inches, and about half of that in breadth, Stipules ensiform, caducous. Flowers axil- lary, minute, several together, short-peduncled. Bractes several, roundish, hard, dry, dark brown, concave scales embracing the flowers before expansion, caducous. Calyx four, or five-parted ; segments rounded, thin, and perma- nent, Corol none, Filaments four, or five; four most com- mon, rather longer than the germ. Anthers large, two-lob- ed. Germ obliquely oval, one-celled, with one ovula at- tached to the top of the cell. Styles none. Stigmas the villous margins, of the somewhat lengthened, bifid apex ofthe germ. Capsule superior, thin, obliquely oval, and sessile in the calyx, with a broad, membranaceous, co- loured margin ; less than half an inch long, one-celled, &c, 3. U. integrifolia. Willd. 1. 1326. Corom. pl. 1. N. 78. Leaves ovate, entire. Male flowers mixed amongst the hermaphrodite. Tam. 'Tambachi-marum, Teling. Naulee. A large timber tree, a native of the Circar mountains, It flowers during the cold season. Leaves deciduous about the close of the wet season; they come out again in March. bi Trunk tolerably straight, and high. Bark a little sca- brous, of a dirty grey colour. Branches numerous, spread. ing, horizontal, forming a large shady head. Leaves alter- nate, bifarious, short-petioled, ovate, though sometimes cordate, entire, smooth, shining; from three to five in- ches long, and about two broad. Stipules lanceolate, caducous. Flowers hermaphrodite, and male mixed, and springing from little germs over the leafless branch- lets. ‘H ey py hdas sk Moacurra. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA, 69 . HERMAPHRODITE. Calyx or corol four, five, or six-leaved ; leaflets spread- ing, small, oval, caducous. Filaments seven, eight, or nine, exceedingly short. Anthers linear, erect, two-lobed. Germ superior, obovate, emarginate, compressed. Styles two, short, incurved, permanent. Stigmas acute, woolly, Capsule pedicelled, orbicular, leafy, compressed, emargi- nate, one-celled, one-valved, not opening. Seed none. MALE FLOWERS mixed with the hermaphrodite. Calyx and Stamen as above. Pistil, no rudiment of one. Observation. The first part of the flowers that appears, . is the anthers ; they are then reddish ; next the calyx increases, and becomes visible to the naked eye, but is at all times small, and unless looked for, is waite ob- served. The wood of this tree is reckoned of a good quality by the natives, and is employed for a variety of uses. MOACURRA. R. Polygamous. Calyx five-leaved. Corol dieipenanath Neetary a scale within the base of each petal, Germ su- perior, two-celled, cells two-seeded, attachment superior. Capsule two-lobed, two-celled, two-valved. Seed solita- _ nese ote. inverse, with SRE M. "elon R. . Dae Moakurra, is the vernacular name in Silhet, sanaie iti is indigenous ; it grows to the size of a small tree. Flowering time April and May; the seeds ripen in December. Bran- ches numerous, ascending. Bark of the old woody parts rather rough with little whitish dots ; that of the young shoots villous, and yellowish. Leaves alternate, short- petioled, broad-lanceolar, entire, long, taper-pointed, of a thin texture, and smooth ; three or four inches — : one and a quarter broad. Stipules subulate, villous. — 70 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Gentiana, Ma.e flowers numerous, small, and collected on small, axillary, solitary short-peduncled fascicles. Calyx five-leaved ; leaflets oval, hoary. Petals five, length of the calyx, but narrower and smooth, Nectarial scales five on the base of the petals, small, oval, alternate with the filaments. Filaments five, from the receptacle, alternate with the petals, and shorter than them ; anthers cordate. HERMAPHRODITE FLOWERS on a different tree and disposed asin the male. Calyx, corol, nectary, and sta- mina as in the male. Germ ovate, cordate, a little com- pressed, downy, two-celled, with two ovula in each, at- tached from the apex to the top of the cells. Styles two, recurved. Stigmas somewhat two-lobed. Capsule transversely oval; two-lobed, soft, with grey olive-colour- ed down, size of a nutmeg, two-celled, two-valved, open. ing round the apex. Partition slender. Seed (nuts ?) one in each cell, or lobe of the capsule, oblong, more convex, on the outside completely covered with a soft scarlet or exterior tunic. Integuments two besides the red aril ; exterior of a tough fibrous ensiform texture, and very rugose on the outside ; inferior soft, and spongy. Peris- perm none. Embryo inverse ; cotyledons two, conform to the seed. Plumula from two to five-lobed, Radicle short, superior, ; In habit this tree approaches Willdenow’s two Geloni- ums, and in the structure and contents of the germ and mature seed vessel, they agree almost exactly, except in the absence of a perisperm in this ; yet their flowers dif- fer widely, here they are pentandrous with a five-petalled corol, male on one tree and hermaphrodite on another; completely dioecous, no corol, polyandrous, * GENTIANA. Schreb. gen. 450. Corol one-petalled. Capsule superior, two-valved, one- celled ; receptacles two pair, longitudinally —— to the inside of the margins of the valvelets, Gentiana. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 71 1. G. verticillata. Linn. suppl. 174. Root creeping, perennial, Stems simple, erect, four- sided. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, three-nerved, Flowers verticilled ; corols five-cleft, funnel-shaped, with five glands below the filaments. ; Exacum hyssopifolium. Willd, 1. 640. Teling. Nella-gullie. A small, erect plant, with an annual stem, and perennial roots ; a native of moist uncultivated grounds. It flowers during the wet season, Root perennial, creeping, filiform. Stems herbaceous, simple, erect, from six to twelve inches high, four-sided, jointed. Leaves opposite approximated, cross-armed, ses~ sile, lanceolate, three-nerved, smooth, entire, one and a half or two inches long, by half an inch broad, Flowers axillary, sessile, generally three-fold, vertical-like, small, white. Coro/ funnel-form. Nectary, a swelled gland at the insertion of each filament. Filaments short. Anthers within the tube. Style single, length of the filaments, Stigma large, two-lobed, 2.G. cherayta. R. Fleming in Asiat. 11. p. 167. Herbaceous, straight. Leaves stem-clasping, lanceolate, three or five-nerved. Flowers terminal. Corol rotate, four. ers tetrandrous, Capsules ovate, bifurcate- “Sans. ete Chirataka, &e. . id Calais orontatiGaty of the Ancients, pg This famous plant is said to be found on the mountains of Nepal, and the Morungs. _ Root ramous, and probably perennial. Stems single, straight, round, smooth, jointed, above ramous ; branches generally decussated, nearly erect, with their extremities somewhat angular ; the whole height of the plant about three feet. Leaves opposite, stem-clasping, lanceolate, very acute, entire, smooth, — or five-nerved ; 5 size va- a PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Cressa. rious, Stipules none. Flowers yellow, most numerous, peduncled, the whole upper half of the plant forming an elegant, oblong, leafy decussated panicle. Bractes two at each division of the panicle, and like the leaves, but © smaller. Calyx four-cleft ; divisions linear, acute, perma- nent, Corol; border expanding, four-parted ; divisions as long as those of the calyx and also permanent. Sta- mina four. Anthers cloven at the base. Style single,as long as the germ. Stigma large, two-lobed. Capsules rather shorter than the permanent calyx, and corol, one- celled, two-valved, opening a little at the apex. Seeds numerous, affixed to two receptacles adhering to the sides of the valvelets. Note. When I refer this plant to the genus Gentiana I am guided by the capsule chiefly, otherwise I might probably have placed it with the Exacums. An infusion, or decoction of the whole plant, pulled up by the root, about the time the flowers begin to decay and the capsules are well formed, is much used by the na- _tives of Bengal, and the adjoining provinces, as a tonic. It appears to me to be a pure bitter, although it gives signs of astringency with a chalybeate, Its febrifuge vir- tues arein high estimation amongst both natives and Eu- ropeans, and I think very deservedly. Our medical gentle- men prescribe it in the same manner, and with the same intention, particularly when Peruvian Bark is ditons? to be obtained, CRESSA. Schreb. gen. n. 439. Calyx five-leaved. Corol campanulate, with stamens inserted into the bottom of the tube. Capsule superior, two-celled, with from one to four seeds in each, — C, indica. Willd. 1, 1320, Annual, erect, ramous, hoary. Leaves alternate. Flow- ers terminal, sessile. Apices of the segments of the osol bearded. Capsule — four-seeded, Nama. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 73. A small, erect, ramous annual, a native of sandy, salt lands near the sea. It flowers during the wet season. Stem nearly erect, from six to eight inches high, hairy. Branches numerous, ascending, alternate; hairy. Leaves alternate, very numerous, sessile, the lower, or larger cor- date ; the upper or smaller ovate, and lanceolate ; all are hairy, soft, and very small. Flowers terminal, sessile, small, numerous, white. Bractes like the leaves. Calyx asin C. cretica. Corol ; tube campanulate. Segments re- volute, outside of their apices hairy, withering. Anthers oblong, incumbent.. Germ, its apex woolly. Stigma large, globular. Capsules four-seeded. ' NAMA. Schreb. gen. n. 444. .: Calyx five-leaved. Corol rotate, five-parted. Capsules, : superior, one-celled, two-valved, aid timgiar’ 2 asia Seeds numerous, N. Zeylanica Linn. sp. pl. 327, Annual, creeping. Leaves lanceolate. Hydrola zeyla- nica. Willd, 1. 1327. Vahl. symb. 2. 46. ~ Sans. Langali. Beng. Kanchra Isha-langulya. Tsjeru-vallel. Rheed. Mal. 10, t. 28. , An annual ; a native of moist, or marshy ground, Suen as rice fields. Flowering time, the cold season. Stems or branches many, creeping, round, pretty smooth, from one to four feet long. Leaves alternate, short-petiol- ed, lanceolate, entire, smooth. Flowers, numerous about the extremities of the branchlets, or solitary, opposite to the leaves or between them; colour a deep bright “blue. Calyx one-leaved, divided to near the bottom ‘into five, long, narrow, pointed, hairy permanent di- visions, Corol five-petalled, longer than the calyx. Fila- ments shorter than the corol. Anthers sagitate. Styles _ two, spreading. F2G5 8 Seo Si 74 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Panax. PANAX. Schreb. gen. n. 1604. Calyx five-toothed. Corol five-petalled. Germ two- celled ; cells one-seeded, attachment superior. Berry infe- rior, two-seeded. Embryo inverse, and furnished with a perisperm. 1, P. palmatum. R. Shrubby, armed. Leaves palmate, serrate. It is found indigenous in the moist vallies between the hills over the province of Chittagong, where it blossoms about the close of the rains in September. Stem in healthy plants now three years old, in the Bo- tanic Garden at Calcutta, three feet high, and as thick as a stout walking cane, very completely armed with numerous, straight, acute, brittle prickles ; and on the. tender young parts mixed with much appressed, short, harsh, ferruginous pubescence, which disappears by the time the parts become ligneous. Branches few and like the stem, Leaves alternate, petioled, nearly round, pal-— mate, serrulate, smooth and firm; when very young densely clothed with ferruginous avert ; lobes from three- angular to broad-lanceolate, acute ; length and breadth of the whole leaf about twelve inches, say from six to eighteen. Petioles nearly as long as the leaves, unarmed, columnar base thick or somewhat stem-clasping, and a small acute, stipulary process on each side. Racemes lateral, solitary, bearing from twenty to thirty, diverging, peduncled, globular umbellets, of small white flowers. Bractes tern at the base of each peduncle ; some smaller on the peduncles and one still smaller under the insertion of each pedicel on their little globular receptacle ; they are all ferruginous. Calyx minute, and minutely five- toothed. Petals five, lanceolar, spreading. Filaments five, alternate with the petals, and rather longer. Anthers o- vate, two-lobed, Germ inferior, turbinate, two-celled, with one ovula in each, attached to the very top of the partition. Style short. — bidentate. Panax. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 75 2. P. digitatum. R. y Arboreous, armed, Leaves digitate ; leaflets entire, lanceolate, acuminate. Panicles pendulous, It is the Soo- nath, or Kota-soona of the Hindus about Silhet, where the tree is indigenous and flowers in May, and produces seed in November. Itis a pretty large tree, with numerous branches spread- ing in all directions,the younger ones armed with innumer- able, short, somewhat incurved, very sharp aculei, which fall off with the exterior coat of the. bark. Leaves alter- nate, about the ends of the branchlets, digitate. Leaflets generally seven, petiolate, oblong, and broad-lanceolate, - entire, smooth, acuminate ; from three to six inches long. Petioles from ten to fifteen inches long, round, smooth, © and unarmed. Petiolets from one to two inches long. Panicles terminal, from two to four feet long, pendulous, and composed of many, alternate, simple, globular, long- pedicelled, small greenish-yellow flowers. Common pedun- cle armed ; partial or pedicells, with some little scaly brac- tes; allareround, and somewhat downy, Calyx five- parted; divisions ensiform, Petals five, oblong, patent, Filaments five, rather shorter than the petals, inserted be- tween them into a fleshy, crenate, poculiform body which embraces the germ. Anthers two-lobed. Germ sunk in the solid body just mentioned, two-celled, with one ovula in each, attached to the tup of the partition. Style two, shorter than the stamina, coalesced. Stigma simp) e. Berry inferior, nearly round somewhat succulent, black, smooth, widely crowned with the remaining fiye-toothed calyx ; size of a black currant, and not unlike one, two- celled. Seed solitary, hemispheric, a small groove down the middle of the inside, covered witha single, rather tough, smooth integument. Perisperm conform to the seed, cartilaginous. Embryo small, inverse, lodged on the out- side of the upper half of the perisperm.. s Coote. small, p oblong, Radicle oblong, Superior. i genni ae 76 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Panax. 3. P. fragrans. R. Arboreous, unarmed. Leaves supra-decompound ; leaf- ‘lets obovate oblong, acuminate sub-entire, smooth. Pa- nicles terminal. | Gootee-soona is the vernacular name of it in Silhet, where it grows to be a middling sized tree. Its immense panicles of fragrant blossoms appear in October and November, and the seed ripens in February and March. Leaves alternate,approximate, oppositely supra-decom- pound, from two to four feet long. Leaflets ovate-oblong, entire, except in young plants, then remotely and very sharply serrulate, all rather obtusely acuminate, and smooth ; from two to six inches long, and about half that in breadth. Petioles perfectly round, polished ; base sheathing, and swelled. Panicles terminal, immensely © jarge, and composed of numerous compound branches of short peduncled, globular umbellets of small fragrant flowers, embraced by a minute, ferruginous mealy invo- lucre. Calyx superior, five-toothed. Petals five, spread- ing, oblong-lanceolate, a ridge down the middle on the inside. Filaments five, alternate with, and longer than the petals. Anthers ovate. Germ inferior, two-celled, with the ovulain each attached from its upper end to the partition. Styles two, short, woolly. Stigma simple. Berries two-lobed, a little flattened, two-celled, size of two small peas joined. Seed solitary, attached as in the germ. Perisperm conform to the seed. Embryo minute, lodged almost transversely in the apex of the perisperm, with the point of the radicles a little elevated bstpisaie: the umbilicus. 4, P. feutticantii Willd. 4. 1127. Shrubby. Leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets lanceo- Jate, acutely serrate, often laciniate, sates — Jar, forming terminal panicles. hia Scutellaria tertia. ‘Rumph: ‘amb, vol. 4, t. 33. Panax. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. “ Be This elegant erect shrub, was introduced into the Bo- tanic Garden near Calcutta from the Moluccas in 1798, and in April 1800 blossomed for the first time. There were only two plants originally, and both completely hermaphrodite. Trunk straight, but short, soon dividing into many branches ; general height from five to eight feet. Bark dark coloured, with many small, ash-coloured, sca- brous dots. Leaves alternate, recurved, supra-decom- pound ; from ten to fifteen inches long. Pinne and low- _er pair of Pinnule opposite; there are generally about six pair of the former, but the number of the latter is ve- ry unequal. Leaflets lanceolate, often variously laciniate, serrate ; serratures ending in subulate, inoffensive points, smooth on both sides. Petioles stem-clasping, round, smooth, maculated, jointed, and swelled at the joints, Inflorescence may, I think it should, be called a termi- nal panicle, composed of numerous, small subrotund simple umbellets. Involucres most minute, caducous. Perianth small, generally five-toothed, permanent. Pe- tals five, linear, first spreading, then reflexed. Fila- ments five, alternate with, but shorter than the petals. Anthers oblong. Germ inferior, generally two-lobed though sometimes three. Styles short, two or three ac- cording as there are lobes in the germ. Berry two or three-lobed, small, lead-coloured. | The pulp stains pa- ae Seeds —— ‘Iti is readily propagated fein catings “ad hetckon: aay 5. P. conchifolium. R. : Shrubby. Leaves simple, round-cordate, — ser- : rove concaye, - Scutellaria. HRumph. amb. 4, t. 31. ene Steipeatiiydenge} very erect, smooth shrub, wantivoueliep Moluccas, from thence introduced by wen of Madra: est : 78 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Stroemeria. to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta where is grows freely during the hot and rainy season; but when the cold wea- ther of December and January sets in sharp, it generally loses nearly as much, during those two months, as it gains the rest of the year. It is curious and ornamental on ac- count of the large, lucid, deep green, concave, or ladle- shaped leaves. STROEMERLA. Vahl. Symb. 1. 19. Corol four-petalled, or none. Calyx four-leaved. Nec- — tary ligulato-infundibuliform. | Germ one-celled,, many seeded. Berry pedicelled, many-seeded. oe 1. S. tetrandra. Willd. 1. 993. Shrubby. Leaves linear-oblong. Corol Siniedinces: ; nectary infundibuliform, Stamina four. Cleome fruticosa, Linn. sp. Pi. 057 maine ind. €. 46, Sioa Higiigaais Teling. chown Pe aHieviletney Teme Saas A large straggling, very ramous iadly: a Aaitem, of old walls, dry barren ground, &c. It flowers during the great: er part of the year. Stem scarcely any, but woody branches innumerable, — with the extremities often drooping. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, oblong, or broad-lanceolate, entire, an inch and a half long. peo Stipules minute. Racemes terminal, few-flowered, downy. Bractes awled, solitary. Calyx four-leaved ; leaflets oval, expanding, greenish white. Petals four, long- clawed, equal, oval, waved, sub-erect ; two placed lateral- ly, and two above. Nectary tubular, erect, about as long as the claws of the petals ; inserted into the upper side of the base of the pedicels of the germ, and stamens ; mouth oblique, widening, jagged. Filaments four, awled, ascend- _ ing, inserted into the middle of the pedicel, or column that Stroemeria. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 79 supports the germ. Anthers oval, two-parted at the base. Germ oblong, sitting on the extremity of a long, ascend- ing pedicel, Style none. Stigma simple. Pericarp a si- liqua, subcylindric, pendulous, replete with firm, orange- coloured pulp, in which the seeds are immersed. Seeds several, kidney-form. 2. S. trifoliata. R. Shrubby. Leaves ternate. Flowers two-petalled, hex- androus. ; A native of Kootullum, where it was found by Dr. Ber- Ty, growing to the height of ten feet, with long, unarmed, weak branches. Se. Leaves alternate, ternate. Leaflets toncaolate? entire, smooth, about two inches long, and rather more than half an inch broad. Petioles scarcely half the length of the leaflets. Stipules subulate. Racemes terminal, from five to ten-flowered, villous. Flowers large, on long vil- lous, patent pedicels. Bractes minute, subulate, gene- rally three under the insertion of each pedicel. Calyx of two opposite pairs of ovate, oblong, veined leaflets, the exterior pair larger, the inner more deeply coloured. Pe« tals two, large, round, pure white, beautifully veined and elevated on claws nearly as long as the petals themselves which ascend opposite to the pedicel of the fructification. Nectarium horn-shaped, rising to a curve, just within the claws of the petals, and shorter than them; mouth per- forated, and ornamented with a large, reflected border like a ruffle, colour a bright yellow. Filaments six, elevated on a long ascending pedicel, opposite to and as long as the claws of the petals, nearly erect, and about as long as the pedicel which supports them. Anthers linear, erect, - opening on the side, Germ elevated rather above the anthers, on a second pedicel, or stipe, linear, one-celled, — with two longitudinal rows of ovula attached to thang in- . ae hetnenteennniee te sstenan sioatts tyle none eT “ 80 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. , Holigarna. Stigma large, convex. Capsules berried, siliquose, subcy- lindric, about as thick as a goose quill, and nearly two inches long, one-celled, two-valved. Seeds a few ; reni- form, attached, as in the germ. HOLIGARNA. R. Potycamovs. Calyx five-toothed. Petals five, germ one-celled ; ovula single, attachment lateral. Berry infe- rior, one-seeded. Embryo transverse, without perisperm. 1. H. longifolia. R. Cattu-tsjeru, or Kattou-tjeroe. Rheed. Mal, 4. p. 19 Eo. Leaves alternate, cuneiform, some inoffensive subulate bodies on the inside of the short petiole. Flowers pani- cled. A large tree, a native of the mountainous parts of Chigegomsn where, it blossoms in ete _ Seed. ips in “Dr: Honest first found the aaie tetas in Chittagong, and some years after found the female hermaphrodite in ‘Malabar, and gave it the name Holigarna, from its ap-_ _pellation in the language of Kurnata. He thinks itis the variety called Bibo of the Cattu-tsjeru,Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 9. And says the natives of Malabar by incision, extract an exceedingly acrid juice, with which they varnish their targets. I am however inclined to consider Van. _Rheed’s Catiu-tsjeroe to be this very tree, and his Bibo, or Tsjeervo, vol. 4. p. 20. to be Semecarpus Anacardium. . Trunk straight, in a twelve years old male tree ten inches in circumference, Bark smooth, ash-coloured. _ Branches patent; height of the whole tree twenty-five feet. Inits native soil the trunk attains to the thick- - ness of six feet in circumference ; while the total height of the tree is above fifty. Leaves alternate, crowded a- _ Holigarna. - PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 81 bout the ends of the branchlets, short-petidled, narrow, cuneiform, entire, acute, smooth on both sides, but paler underneath ; length one or two feet, and the breadth from three to six inches. Petioles short and thick, and arm- ed generally with two subulate, inoffensive, incurved, thorn-like bodies on each side of the margin, Stipules no other than the last mentioned subulate bodies, on the petioles. Mae, Panicles axillary, single, much shorter than. the leaves. Flowers numerous, small, dull white. Bractes small, ferruginous. Calyx five-sided ; angles somewhat ‘sharp. Corol flat, to the base five-parted, or it may be called five-petalled. Segments oblong, villous. Filaments five, shorter than the corol. Anthers incumbent. ~ FEMALE-HERMAPHRODITE on a separate tree. Pani- cles, bractes, calyx, and corol as in the male. Stamina as in the male, but much smaller, and with minute, seem- ingly abortive anthers. Germ inferior, a little hairy, with one compressed cell containing one compressed ovula, at- tached to one side of the top ofits cell. Styles three, re- curved. Stigmas crescent-shaped, a little hairy. Berry inferior, naked, exactly ovate, a little compressed, size of a large olive, smooth, when ripe yellow, one-celled, e- valvular. Cortex rather thick, and containing between its soft lamina, numerous cells, filled with a black, rather thick, acrid fluid as in the common marking nut, or Ana- cardium. Seed conform to the berry. Integument single, membranaceous. Perisperm none. Embryo conform to the seed, transverse. Cotyledons equal, ovate, yellow- ish, Corcle lateral. Plumula hairy, acute. Radicle ob- long, inverse, attached to one edge of the cotyledons, considerably below their apex and corresponding with . ‘Welattachment of the ovula in the-germ. jis Set K “i 82 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Holigarna, 2. H. racemosa. R. Leaves alternate, linear-oblong. Flowers racemed. Am-jour the vernacular name in Silhet where it is indigenous on the hills of that province, and grows to be a large tree. It flowers in March, and the fruit ri- pens in May, June and July. Branches and branchlets very numerous, the bark of the former ash-coloured and rather rough ; of the latter, smooth, and void of pubes- cence: Leaves alternate, petioled, lanceolar and linear, oblong, entire, obtusely acuminate, of a hard texture, glossy on the upper surface or rather glaucous underneath; from four to eight inches long, from one to three broad. Petioles less than an inch in length, smooth, channel- led. aay Mate flowers I have found on a separate tree by them- selves collected on little lateral, and terminal villous racemes, small, much crowded, olive-coloured, Calyx five- toothed. Petals five, ovate. Filaments five, alternate with the petals, and with them inserted on the receptacle. An- thers ovate. Germ none. HERMAPHRODITE racemes as in _ the male but less crowded with flowers. Calyx superior, - five-parted, permanent. Corol as in the male. Filament. short. Anthers of two distinct lobes, Germ inferior, oval, one-celled, containing a single ovula, attached to one side of the cell a little above the middle. Style single, very short. Stigma capitate. Berry, the size of a large olive, obliquely, and transversely oval, smooth, when ripe red, pulp in considerable quantity, the fibrous pores _ contain a pale coloured acrid, thick juice as in Semecar- pus, one-celled, one-seeded. Seedsitransversely oval. Perisperm none. Embryo transverse. . Cotyledons can- form to the seed, equal. Pluwmula two-toothed, fringed. Radicle short, truncate lateral, directly within the umbi- licus. : | ene? Semecarpus. |§ © PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. ss SEMECARPUS. Scherb. gen. n. 501. Calyx tive-parted. Corol five-petalled. Germ one-cell- ed, one-seeded, attachment superior. Nut superior, cor- date, cellular, One-seeded, sitting on a large, fleshy pear- shaped receptacle. Embryo inverse without perisperm, 1.8, Anacardium. Corom. pl. 1. No.12. Willd. 1. 1476. Polygamous. Leaves cuneiform, downy a Panicles terminal, Sans. Arushkara, also Bhela. ‘Beng. Bhela, Bhola-twki, or Bela-tuk7. Eng. Marking Nut. - Teling. Nella-jedee. _ Anacardium of the Materia Medica. ih A tree, bearing male or male-hermaphrodite foworbt on one and hermaphrodite on another ; which circumstance might remove it from the fifth, to the twenty-third class ofthe Linnzan system. Itis a native of all the moun- tainous parts of India; flowering time from May to se gust. Seed ripe in January and February. iw 3 Dr. Konig, my predecessor, who was the first that described this tree, had never met with the male, other- wise so particular a circumstance would not have bouts omitted by so accurate a describer as the Doctor was. | ' Trunk straight, covered with grey, scabrous bark, os seal of the younger parts” smooth, light ash-coloured, its inner substance contains in crevices, a quantity of white, soft, almost insipid gum. Branchlets numerous, spreading. Leaves about the extremities of the branchlets, alternate, petioled, somewhat wedge-formed, or oblong- obovate rounded at the apex, entire, firm above, pretty “smooth, yet harsh, whitish underneath; from nine to eighteen inches Jong and from four to eight broad, Pe tioles-one and a half, or two inches zeit half vound. eS. K 2 84 _ PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Semecarpus. nicles terminal, very large, composed of many simple spikes ; that of the male tree much slenderer, but as large, or larger, and with ramouse branches. Bractes ma- ny, small, caducous. Flowers numerous, small, of a et greenish yellow colour. HERMAPHRODITE as in the supplementum plantarum. Page, 25 and 182. Pericarp none. Receptacles erect, fleshy, pear-shaped, smooth, when ripe yellow, about the size of the nut. Seed a single nut resting upon the recep- tacle, cordate, flattened on both sides, smooth, shining, black ; the cover or shell of the seed is composed of two. la~ mina; the inner one hard, the outer one less so, and lea- thery; between them are cells which contain the black cor- rosive resinous juice which has long made them famous. This juice is of a pale milk colour, till perfectly ripe when it becomes black. MALE FLOWERS on a separate tree, they are smaller than the hermaphrodite, Calyx, and Corol as in the hermaphrodite. Filaments five, the length of the petals. | Anthers much larger than _ in the hermaphrodite. Pistillum none, or small and abor- ~ tive, and in form of a semi-globular, hairy, anes. body. The wood of this tree is reckoned of no use, not wale on account of its softness, but alsoon account of its con- taining much acrid juice, which renders it dangerous to — cut down and work uponit. The fleshy receptacle on which the seed rests are roasted in the ashes, and eaten by the natives ; the taste is exceedingly like that of roast- ed apples. Before roasted they are astringent, and acrid ; leaving a painful sensation on the tongue for some time. The kernels are rarely eaten. The green nuts well pounded intoa pulp make good. lime, The pure black, acrid juice of the cells is sanhveuatie the natives externally to remove rheumatic pains, aches, * Semecarpus. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 85 and sprains. A little is well rubbed over the part affect. ed, But in tender constitutions it often produces infla- — mation and swelling, doing much more harm than good ; but I think where it has mot this disagreeable effect, which is generally the case, it is an efficacious remedy. It is universally employed to mark, all sorts of cotton cloth. . The colour is improved, prevented from run- ning, and fixed by a mixture of quick lime and water, The juice or resinous balsam, is not soluble in water, and is only diffusable in spirits of wine, for it soon falls to the bottom, unless the menstruum be previously alka~ lized ; the solution is then pretty complete, and of deep black colour. It sinks in but soon unites _ perfectly with expressed oils. Alkaline livixia act upon it with no better success than plain water. It is employed by the Telinga Physicians for the cure of almost every sort of venereal complaint, and is com— monly prepared. as follows : Take of this black balsam, and epesied juice of garlic, each one ounce. Expressed juice of fresh Tama- rind-tree leaves ; cocoanut oil and sugar, of each two ounces ; mix and boil them for a few. minutes, A table. spoonful is given to the patient twice a day. I know nothing of the efficacy of this composition. The bark is mildly astringent, gives out in decoction a deep colour, which dies brown of various shades. From wounds made in the bark,a dirty looking, brown- ish soft gum is procured, which dissolves alomiss in the mouth without much taste. — ete ag pee git 2. S. Cassuvium, R. Leaves alternate, lanceolar, entire and very smooth, Nut resting ona depressed fleshy, broad turbinate recep- _— | ' Cassuvium silvestre. Kumph. amb. 1. t.70. Age - Anative of the Moluccas, from thence. introduced into + 86 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA, Semecarpus. the Botanic Garden at Calcutta in 1798, and.in August,’ 1804, they blossomed for the first time, when they were handsome, small trees, about twelve feet in height, with many smooth ascending branches, and branchlets. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, lanceolate, entire and very smooth on both sides; length from ten to eighteen inches, and from three to five broad. Petioles from one to two inches long, round, and smooth. Stipules none, Panicles terminal, thin, long-ovate, smooth. Bractes minute, caducous. Flowers numerous, small, greenish- yellow, and inodorous, Calyx saucer-shaped, five-tooth- ed. Petals five, ovate, spreading. Nectary a yellow fleshy ring round the base of the germ, which becomes the fleshy receptacle of the seed. Filaments five, rather broad, length of the germ, inserted round the base of the necta- ry. Germ superior, roundish, one-celled, containing one ovula attached to the top of the cell. Styles three, spread- ing. Stigmas two-toothed. Nut resting on the large smooth, yellow, fleshy, cup-shaped receptacle, obliquely-obverse, reniform, one celled, one valved, considerably compress- ed, longitudinally striated and wrinkled, colour a brown- ish black, and ofa firm leathery consistence, composed ofan exterior, and interior integument, with numerous small cells between. Seed single, completely filling the nut, covered with a single brown integument. Perisperm none. Embryo inverse. Cotyledons two, conform to the — seed. Plumula two-lobed. Radicle conical, superior, that is, lodged between the most elevated part of the co- tyledons, and at the greatest distance from the umbili- cus, or base of the nut. 3. S. cuneifolia, R, - Leaves wedge-shaped, vacate vaadiid villous under- neath, A native of the range of mountains which posiids 3 Hindoosthan on the north, from thence seeds were sent — * Bosea. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 87 to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where the tree grows slowly ; the heat of Bengal being, I presume, too great for this species. OPILIA. R. Calyx five-toothed. Corol five-petalled. Nectarial scales alternate with the filaments. Style none. Berry superior, one-seeded. O. amentacea. Corom. pl. 2. N. 158. Teling. Balee-koma. A small tree, a native of the mountainous parts of the Circars. : Leaves .alternate, bifarious, short-petioled, ova or oblong, entire, smooth, shining, sometimes very slightly serrulate, about three inches long, and one and a half broad. Stipules none, Aments axillary, small, erect, before the flowers open, every where closely imbricated with small, peltate, kidney-shaped, pointed, ciliate, cadu- cous three-flowered scales, Flowers small, greenish- white, tern. Calyx, perianth proper, very small, five- toothed. Petals five, spreading, oblong. Nectary, five short, thick, fleshy, clubbed bodies alternate with the shattie Filaments five, spreading, shorter than the petals. Anthers ovate. Germsuperior, oblong. Style none. Stigma single. Berry size of a cherry, globular, juicy, one-seeded. idles _BOSEA. ~ Calyx five-leaved. “ Corolnone. Berry superior, ‘one- seeded, 1. B. trinervia. R. Arboreous, Leaves oval, pointed, entire, three-nerved. | Male flowers under the hermaphrodite ones. _A large tree; a native of the Circar mountains, Bark , sii smooth, and brown, Leaves alternate, bifarious, 88 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Hydrocotyle. short-petioled, ovate, pointed, three-nerved, smooth, en- tire; when young a little downy, about five inches long, and two anda half broad. Stipules filiform, hairy, ca- ducous. Racemes axillary, slender, erect, sometimes compound, but generally simple. The hermaphrodite flowers always above themale. — HeRMAPHRODITE, Calyx or corol five-leaved; leaflets spreading, oval. Filaments five, spreading, shorter than the pistil. Anthers incumbent. Germ superior, ovate. Styles two, erect. Stigmas simple. Berry ovate, size of a cherry, ene-seeded, MALE flowers on the same raceme, below the herma- phrodite ones, Calyx and stamina as above. Pistil, not the least rudiment of one. H YDROCOTYLE. Schreb. gen. n. 457. Umbel simple. Involucre from two to four-leaved. Pe- tals entire, Sruit sompngneeds gibbous, emovpactinie x ‘HL “pialita: Willd. 1. 1362. Creeping in shady places. Leaves line potiaints 3 reni- form, dentate. Umbellets from the joints, two or more to- gether, short-peduncled, three or four-flowered. Involucre two-four-leaved. - Codagen. Rheed. mal, 10, t. 46, Hind. Thul-kura. . It is common in moist shady places over Indie med: ap- pears with most luxuriance during the rains, when it blos- soms aud ripens its seed, 2. H. rotundifolia. R. Filiform, creeping. Leaves long-petioled, round, lobate, crenate, smooth. Umbellets erect, from eight to ten flow-_ ered, Involucre of three, four or more minute leaflets. A small creeping species, found in wet, cultivated . Vakka, ~~ PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 89 spots in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta during the rains, VAHLIA. Schreb. gen. n. 452. Calyx fvecleaved: Corol five-petalled. Capsule i in- ferior, one-celled, many seeded. 1. V. oldenlandioides. R. Annual, erect, ramous. Leaves linear, lanceolate. Pe- duncles solitary, two-flowered, Oldenlandia pentandra. Willd. 1, 676. Retz. obs. 4, n. 64, A native of cultivated lands on the coast of Coroman- del ; it appears only during the cold season. Stem erect, annual, round, jointed, ramous, a little downy, about a foot high. Leaves opposite, sessile, spread- ing, linear, lanceolate, entire, downy; about an inch long. Peduncles axillary, solitary, erect, rather shorter than the leaves, each bearing two small, yellow flowers. Petals nearly as large as the calyx. Capsule crowned with the calyx, one-celled, opening at the apex. Re- ceptacles two, affixed by. the apex. Seeds numerous. I believe Konig called this plant Cyrilla Oldenlan- dioides. ° ie v. viscosa. R. : 74 ‘Annual, sub-erect, ramous, jeune: and clammy. Leaves lanceolate. Peduncles two-fold, very short, one flower- ed, rae Oldenlandia digyna. Willd. 1. 674. Retz. obs. 4. n. 65, A native of the same places with the former, and ap- pears during the same season. Stem uot so straight as that of the former, less branchy, shorter, more downy, and a little glutinous, Leaves oppo- ‘Site, sessile, from lanceolate to linear; all are entire, Pointed, and downy ; from half an inch to an inch long. 90 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Ligusticum, Stipules none. Flowers paired, axillary, very short- peduncled, small, yellow. The rest as in the genus. This is, I think Konig’s Cyrilla viscosa. DAUCUS. Schreb. gen. n. 466. Corollets sub-radiated, all hermaphrodite. Fruit his- pid with hairs. : _- D. Carota, Willd. 1. 1889. Seeds hispid. Petioles nerved underneath. Sans, _Grinjana or Gargara.* | - Hind. and Beng. Gajur. Persian. Zerduk. Arab. Istufleen or Gazir, Itis said to bea native of Persia. In India it is only found in a cultivated state. « -FERRULA. Schreb. gen. n. 475. ~ Fruit oval, flat, compressed, with three strias on n each side. F. Asiafoelita, Willd. 1. 1413. Leaves alternately sinuate, obtuse. Beng. Hing. ‘ Pers. and Arab, Unjudan, Native of Persia. It does not appear that this valuable plant has ever been found in any part of Ls or to Sond éast of that country. LIGUSTICUM. Solirebs: gen. n. 478. Umbelliferous, with both universal, and partial invo- lucres. Fruit oblong, five-furrowed on both sides. Co- — oun, all fertile, —_ es mpvolts and waiener * 1 find no authority for these, Sangskrit ames —W. G, Ligusticum. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 91 1. L. Ajowan. Kt. Fleming in Asiat. Res. 11. 170. Annual, erect. Leaves supra-decompound, with filiform leaflets. Ridges and furrows of ae seed distinct, and scabrous, Sans, Bruhmadurbha, Pacis, &e, Hind. & Beng. Ajouan, Ajwan, or Jouan. - This is one of the most useful and at the same time grateful of the umbelliferous tribe. {tis much cultivat- ed in Bengal, during the cold season. [I never sawit - wild, ? ; Root annual. Stem erect, the whole plant from one to three feet’ high; branches, alternate, smooth, and slightly striated. Leaves sparse ;*those nearest the base of the plants supra-decompound; the superior, less so ; all have smooth, filiform subdivisions, or leaflets. Um- bels terminal, erect, compound, universal, of from six to eight rays, on rather unequal peduncles, partial, of many — rays, on unequal pedicels. Calyx ; involucres universal, and partial, from five to eight, linear, unequal, shorter than the umbels, and umbellets, permanent. Proper perianth superior, most minute. Corol, universal uni- form. Corollets pure white, all equal, hermaphrodite, and fertile. Proper of five equal petals, furrowed on the back, and keeled within, with involute apexes and broad waved, rather reflected margins. Stamens as long as the petals. Anthers reddish. Fruit didymous, or two seeds. united, of a compressed, broad, ovate ees with. five scabrous ridges on each side. Ican scarcely imagine that this very famous Tadian plant is unknown to our European Botanists ; ; at the same time I cannot find any one of the whole natural order hitherto described to which I can refer it unless it’ be Bunium aromaticum. 1 do not find that it was known to Dr KGnig, nor did I ever see it but in Bengal. Sto ‘The seeds, like those of caraway, have an aromatic smell, —e ed, ; they are mach ee 92 - PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Cuminetii, both natives and Europeans, for culinary, and medicinal uses; they are among the smallest of the umbelliferous orders, and are to be met with in every market in India. 2. L. diffusum. R. Annual, diffuse. Leaves decompound, and supra-de- compound. Furrows of the seeds deep, and smooth. Involucres, and involucles with membranous ciliate mar- gins. Beng. Junglee-ajouan. It is found wild in the vicinity of Calcutta, during the cold, and the beginning of the hot season ; it delights: in shady moist places. + Root ramous, Stems and branches Aten: Scie, striated, dichotomous, from one to two feet long, slight-.’ ly hairy. Leaves alternate, long-petioled, decompound, and supra-decompound, divisions variously formed, . and jagged, a few small hairs over them and the pe-: tioles. . Umbels leaf-opposed, and terminal, compound. Universal and partial of from twelve to twenty-four rays, on nearly equal peduncles, and pedicels. Calyx ; involu-. cres universal and partial, of from six to eight, sub-mem-- branous, linear-lanceolate, ciliated, spreading, reflect-. ed leaflets. . Perianth, corol, &c. as in L. ajowan. Fruit’ of a compressed, rounded shane, with five smooth ridges E on each side. The seed is used asa medicine for cattle, CUMINUM. Schreb. gen. ne ». 483. Fruit ovate, striate. Umbellets and Involucres four- cleft. C. Cyminum, Will. 1. 1440. Hind. and Beng. Zeera or Jeera, Sans, Jeera, Jeeruka. Coriandrum. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA, 93 Arab. Kimoon. A Native of Persia, &c. and the western parts of Asia. PHELLANDRUM. Schreb. gen.n. 485. Umbelliferous, no universal involucre; partial one, many-leaved. Florets equal, all fertile. Fruit ovate, smooth, crowned with the calyx, and styles. P. stoloniferum. R. Stoloniferous, erect. Inferior leaves bipinnate ; supe- rior quinate, and ternate ; leaflets lanceolate, serrate. Beng. Pan-turasee, A native of Bengal, and found: flourishing in, and on the margins of sweet water, about the beginning of the ‘hot season, Roots running, fistulous, jointed, emitting fibres and long creeping stolones from the joints. Stem erect, striat- ed, fistulous, winding; from two to four feet high. Leaves, the inferior ones composed of one or two lateral pairs of ternate, and a terminal quinaté portion; the superior ones, quinate and ternate. Leafletslanceolate, smooth, serrate, Umbels leaf-opposed, long-peduncled, convex, many-ray- ed. Umbellets convex, many-rayed with inyolucles of many shortish, linear leaflets, Calyx ; perianth proper of five, large, conspicuous toothlets. | Corol proper, five-petalled, uniform, white, ovate, with long, inflect- ed points. Fruit mboyaic, smooth, crowned as in the ge- nus, . _I do not find that the natives make any use of any part of this plant; its taste, both seeds and leaves is some- what aromatic, but not ‘palatable. E CORIANDRUM. Schreb. gen. n. 488. Corol radiated. Petals inflex, emarginate. Universal : involucre one-leaved ; partial ones halved. - Fruit sphe- 94 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Anethum, C. sativum. Willd. 1, 1448. Sans. Dhunyuka. Beng. Dhuaya. N. Danga. - Cultivated over India during the cold season. SESELTI. Schreb. gen. n. 492. Umbelliferous ; umbellets globular ; universal involucre none, partial one subulate. Fruit ovate, striated, S. bengalensis. R. Erect. Leaves bipinnate, or more ; leaflets gashed. Um-. bels leaf-opposed. Involucrets of several, subulate leaf- és lets, : Annual, It appears during the dry season upon the — cool, moist, shady banks of ponds, &c. Root annual. Stem erect, winding, piped, smooth, about ‘afoothigh, Leaves bipinnate, or more. Leaflets : smooth, gashed, variously formed, Umbels leaf-opposed, short- peduncled, rigid, naked, from six to twelve-rayed, umbel- lets subglobular, short-pedicelled. Involucrets linear, longer than the umbellets. Corollets all fertile, uniform, Petals ovate, inflected. Fruit nearly globular, crowned. ANETHUM. Schreb. gen. n. 496. ‘Umbelliferous, with no involucre nor involucel. Corol. _ ets equal, all fertile, with entire involute cecil Fruit somewhat ovate, striated, 2 Bi 1. A. Panmovi. R. | Annual, erect, ramous. Leaves supra-decompound. Uin- bel of ten or twelve unequally elevated sasbianes Fruit. ‘oblong, deeply-furrowed, but not winged. — 20 A RORE: Anethum, _ PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. 95. Beng. Panmuhuree. Sans. Mudhoorika. Mayuri. See Asiat. Res. 11. 156. Like Sowa this plant is cultivated in various parts of Bengal during the cold season for the seed, which the natives eat with their betle and also use in their curries, Seed time the close of the rains, about the end of Octo- ber. Harvest in March, when the plants perish. Root white, nearly fusiform, and almost simple. Stem erect, ramous, from the base to the top, the branches also erect, round and smooth, with a uniform, pale, glau- cous tinge, and not striated as in Dill, and Sowa, the general height of the whole plant from two to four feet. Leaves alternate, scattered, supra-decompound, divisions round, tapering, smooth and filiform, but by no means SO numerous as in A. Feniculum which this plant re- sembles, Umbels terminal, ‘rather concave, but not regular, the convex, from ten to thirty-flowered umbel- lets, of which there are generally from ten to twenty, standing on peduncles of very unequal lengths. Flowers small, bright, deep yellow. Petals long, ovate, with their apices rolled in. Stamens longer than the petals, Germ oblong. Styles scarcely any, Seeds exactly as in Anethum Fenculum and with the same taste, "The seeds of this plant, for which it is cultivated, pos- sess a pleasant, warmish, very sweet taste, and aromatic smell so much like. sweet fennel that J should certainly have thought them at Most nothing but varieties of the Same species, if I had not had both growing before me for several years in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta where plants of A. Feniculum reared from Europe seed do not blossom till the second year, during which period the leaves are bifarious, infinitely larger and more divided than in Panmuhuree, which is an annual plant of only four or five months duration with the loaves at es times © : Scattered; ee PRE AS 96 PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA. Anethum. From my Anethum Sowa, Panmori differs very conspicu- ously in many respects, but the best mark is in the seeds, In this they are longer, less flattened and without any membranaceous rim, or border. In that, much flattened with.a thin margin, like that of A. graveolens. . 2. A. Sowa. R. ; Annual. Leaves supra-decompound. Umbel of from five to fifteen radii, equally elevated. Seeds flat, with a membranous margin and three ribs on the back. Sans. Mishreya. Beng. Sowa, shuloopa, soolpa. A native of Bengal, where it is cultivated for the seeds, which are much used for culinary and medicinal purposes, Time of culture the cold season. Root annual, in fact of only a few months duration. Stem winding, ramous, smooth, striated with deeper and lighter green, and covered with a whitish bloom ; from two to three feet high. Leaves alternate, petioled, decom- — : pound, and supra-decompound, /eaflets filiform, as in Fen- nel, Petioles, their lower half sheathing. Umbels termi- nal, convex, without involucres or involucels. Calyx, proper, scarcely any. Corol, universal, uniform. Corollets yellow, all fertile and equal. Proper, petals ovate-oblong, inflected. Stamens longer than the petals. Germ beneath, obovate. Styles scarcely any. Fruit oval, compressed, composed of two seeds each, with three ridges on its out- side, and surrounded with a membranaceous margin. _ The seeds are to be met with in every market over India, they are much used by the natives in their curries, and also for medicinal uses. 3. A, trifoliatum. R, | et Annual. Leaves ternate, Seeds reniform, slightly striat- a ed. A native of the Circar vallies ; not onllirated’> a Apium. PENTANDRIA DIGYNIA, 97 APIUM. Schreb. gen. n. 499. Involucre one or more leaved, Petals equal. Flow- ers all fertile. Fruit small, gibbous, ribbed. Style de- flexed. Annual, glaucous, villous, superior leaflets filiform both general and partial about six-leaved. Beng. Chanoo, also Radlrooni- Hind. Ujmood, Ujmud, I have only met with this plantin its cultivated state _ and itis often raised in our Gardens in India as a sub- stitute for parsley, A.petroselinum. It is’cultivated over many parts of Bengal during the cold season, for the seed only, which the natives use in diet, and medicine ; the leaves they make no use of. | Root annual, white, penetrating deeply into the soil. Stem erect, flexuous, glaucous, slightly villous. Branches numerous, and like the stem ; height of the whole plant about three feet. Leaves alternate, petioled, decompound by ternary. Leaflets, of the lower leaves broad, variously and deeply cut; of the superior ones narrower, ever to li- near, and often simple. Umbel, universal, generally of about six spreading rays; in luxuriant plants these are sometimes proliferous ; partial, of from twelve to twenty. _ Involucre and Involucels of about six villous subulate leaflets. The first shorter than the rays; the latter of nearly the same length. Flowers numerous, all fertile, white. Perianth scarcely any. Petals ovate, with a long, taper, inflected apex. Seed small, ovate, villous, gib- bous, and three-ribbed on the back. M S8 PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Rhus. PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. RHUS. Schreb. gen. n. 502, Calyx five-parted. Corol five-petalled. Germ superi- or, one-celled, one seeded, attachment, base and vertici. Drupe one-seeded. Embryo inverse, without perisperm. 1. R. succedaneum. Willd. 1. 1497. Arboreous. Leaflets five pair, entire, seen Ba ie Petioles simple. Berry oblique. Arbor vernicifera spuria, &c. Kempf. Amoen.794, t.'795, A small tree, in blossom, was received from Dr. Berry at Madras, into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta in April 1801, which came originally from China, It had not in March 1809 attained a greater height than about ten feet, so slowly does it grow, but it blossoms annually dur- ing the hot season and produces an abundance of fruit. Trunk short, with but few, ascending branches, cover= ed with smooth ash-coloured bark. Leaves about the ends of the branches, alternate, unequally pinnate, from six to twelve inches long. Leaflets from four to six pair, op- posite, obliquely broad-lanceolate, long, taper-pointed, drooping, entire, perfectly smooth on both sides ; from three to four inches long, and about one inch broad. Pe- tioles round, and smooth. Panicles axillary or from the base of the naked branchlets of the present year’s shoots, ‘Spreading, ovate, very. ramous. Flowers small, very nu- merous, short-pedicelled, yellow. Bractes small, one- flowered. Calyx, here it may be said to consist of five- leaflets, Petals five, oblong, first spreading, but soon be- coming reflected back over the calyx. Nectary a five-lob- ed cup, as in the Rhamni, between the base of the germ, and the insertion of the petal and stamens. Filaments five, the length of the corol, erect, inserted, alternate with Rhus. PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 99 the petals. Anthers ovate-oblong. Germ superior, coni- cal, one-celled, containing one ovula attached from its apex to the bottom of the cell. Style short, Stigma three- lobed. Drupe the size of a pea, obliquely-reniform, 2, R. Bucki-amela. R. Arboreous. Leaves pinnate; leaflets five-pair, ovate, serrate, villous; exterior half of the petiole winged. Pa- nicle terminal. Berries orbicular, compressed, viscid. Bucki-amela is the name under which it was sent from Nepal. — : October, 1800. There are now many of the youn trees in the Botanic Garden, in full blossom. The seeds were received from Nepal about two years ago. At present they are from six to twelve feet high, with an erect, soft, - woody stem, and a few simple, ascending branches. — Note, in 1812, They scarcely ever grow larger. — Leaves alternate, pinnate, from one to two feet long. Leaflets from four to six pair, opposite, subsessile, ovate, oblong, serrate, pointed ; of a thick, firm texture ; villous on both sides, and whitish underneath; from four to six inches long, and from two to three broad. Petioles round, somewhat villous, the exterior joint or two often winged. Panicles, a very large, expanding one termi- nates the branches, and sinyle smaller onesspring from the exterior axills. Flowers numerous, small, pale yellowish green, ‘Calyx, corol, stamina and pistillum as in the ge- nus ; the germ contains only a single ovula from the apex of which the umbillical cord proceeds to the bottom of the © of the cell where its attachment is. Drupe the size of a pea, . Orbicular, compressed, when ripe, greenish-white, with a tinge of yellow near the apex and somewhat clammy. Nut smooth, dark brown, much compressed. The berries or little drupes are covered with a very small portion of a pulpy envelope which is of a sharp, . acid taste, and in Nepal, I am told, is much | steeme M2 100 PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Tamarix. 3. R. parviflorum. R. Subarboreous ; all the tender parts very downy. Leaves ternate ; leaflets sessile, obovate, anterior margins ser- rate-crenate. Panicles terminal. A small bushy tree, a native of Nepal from thence in- troduced into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta where it. blossoms during the rainy season. SAMBUCUS. Schreb, gen. n. 505. Calyx five-parted., Corol five-cleft. Berry three-seed- ed. , S. Ebulus. Willd. 1. 1494. Herbaceous. Leaflets from seven to nine, sessile, lan- ceolate, finely serrate. Stipules quatern (four on each side,) leafy, unequal. Cymes from three to six-parted, A native of Rungpore in Bengal. It flowers during the rainy season. Its taste is simple hefbaceous and has nothing of the ungrateful smell of the Europe plant. It may be a different species, though I cannot at — fix on a different character. TAMARIX., Schreb. gen. n. 510. Calyx five-parted. Corol five-petalled. Germ superior, one-celled, many seeded, attachment parietal. Capsule - one-celled, three-valved. Seed comose. Eabiye centri- fugal ; no perisperm. 1. T. indica. Kon. Mss. Arboreous. Panicles terminal, racemed. Style single. and short. Anthers double, and crowned. T. Chinensis. Lour. Cochin Ch, 228. T. Articulata, Vahl. Symb, 2. 48, t. 32. Willd, 1.1498. Sans. Jhavuka. Beng. Shou, Jhouca, Jhaoo. Tamarix. PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 101 This species grows to be a middling tree, is a native of sandy islands in large rivers or on their sandy banks, or in the vicinity of the sea, between Upara and Pan- tacota, on the coast of Coromandel, It flowers during the latter part of the rainy season. Trunk often as thick as a man’s body, from six to twelve feet high, generally crooked. Bark scabrous. Branches numerous spreading in every direction ; their bark greenish, with brown scabrous specks. Zeaves mi- nute, sessile, pressing close to the branchlets ; on the ex- tremities of the young shoots, imbricated ; on those more advanced in size, more remote, occasioned by the increas- ing size of the branchlets, Flowers small, white, exceeding- ly numerous, collected on many terminal racemes forming a very large, beautifully drooping panicle. Bractes leaf- like, solitary, one-flowered. Filaments twice the length of the petals. Anthers four-lobed, with a terminal point. Style short, single, more than half way three-cleft ; divisi- ons or stigmas recurved, feathery. When it meets with a good soil, it has a very elegant appearance, particularly when in flower. 2. T. dioeca, R. Dioecous, arboreous. Leaves short, obliquely truncat- ed. Panicles terminal. Male flowers pentandrous, Fe- male with five abortive stamens. Beng. Lal Thon, Picpula. Asiat. Res. 4. p. 268. A native of the islands in the Ganges and of its banks above Sook-saugor, where it blossoms during the rains, at which period, in some situations, little more than the: tops of the plants are to be seen above water. In our gardens it is in flower the greater part of the year and is highly ornamental. Trunk short, covered with dark-coloured, cracked bark, Branches very numerous, spreading in every. 1 102 PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Pharnaceum. with their extremities drooping. Leaves tubular, ob- liquely truncated, pointed, smooth ; in fact, they appear more like joints of the bark than leaves. Spikes termi- nal, simple, cylindric, often drooping, and so numerous as to compose the most beautiful drooping panicles on the extremities ef the branches and branchlets. Flowers very numerous, sessile, small, rose-coloured, inodorous. Bractes triangular, acute, one-flowered. MALE Fiowers. Calyx five-leaved. Corol five-pe- talled. Petals linear obloug, emarginate. Filaments five, — longer than the petals. Anthers purple, two-lobed, with a projecting gland between them. Pistillum nothing more in all the flowers I examined, than a three-lobed gland in the centre of the flower. . Femate HerwapuHRopire FLowers on a separate plant. Calyx asin themale. Petals rather broader than in the male. Filaments five, the length of the germ. An- thers sagittate, glands without the appearance of pol- len. Germ three-lobed. Styles three, longer than the corol, Stigmas clavate, recurved, retuse. Capsules co- nical, three-sided, one-celled, three-valved, hid in the withered calyx, and corol, Seeds numerous, compressed, seemingly imbricated, PHARNACEUM. Schreb. gen. n. 517. ‘ Calyx five-leaved. Corol none. Capsule three-celled, many seeded, 1. P. Mollugo, Wilid. 1, 1508. | Annual, procumbent. Leaves verticelled, lanceolate ; peduncles lateral, one-flowered. Sterile filaments alter- nate with the stamina ; anther twin ; capsule subcylindric. Seeds with a reflected ‘Maient, Alcine erecta. Burm. Zeyl. 13. t.7. « Pharnaceum. PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA, 103 Molluga spergularia sp. plant, 131, Burm, flor. Ind. 3. tsi f.4, Beng. Ghima Sag, or Shak. Shak means a pot herb. Common over India, generally a weed in gardens during the cold season. 2. P. pentagynum. R. Annual, prostrate, dichotomous, hoary with stellate down. Leaves opposite, round. Flowers axillary. Beng. Doosera-sag. It appears during the cold and the beginning of the hot season, on dry land that has lately been, or is in cultiva- tion. Root perpendicular, seems fi ecual. Stem none, but nu- merous, alternate, jointed, dichotomous branches, spread- ing close on the ground, they are round, covered with soft, stellate pubescence, and from one to two feet long. Leaves opposite, petioled, obovate, or roundish, with smaller leaves in their axills; all entire and, like the branches, petioles, &c, hoary with stellate down. The flow- ers stand on the upper side of the branches between the insertions of the leaves, from two to six together, short- peduncled. Calyx five-leaved, the outside covered with stellate down, permanent. Corol none. Filaments gene- rally five, though sometimes more, even as far as ten, short, Siero round the base of the germ. Anthers two-lobed. above, conical, five-sided, five-celled, five-valved opening from the apex. Seeds numerous, reniform, orna- mented with regular lines of elevated points, inserted by a large white vesiculated umbilicus to the bottom of the capsule which is continued in a seemingly Fete Ss white filament reflected over the seed. The tender shoots are used by the natives in their cur- ries. It has the habit and appearance of Chews: oides or ot dictamnoides, but the number of stamens and at a 104 PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Basella. want of the nectary or corol forbid my considering it as even a species of that genus. I have repeatedly exa- mined the flowers of different plants at different periods and places without ever being able to discover any thing like a corol or nectary, so that I must consider this a non-descript or Glinus lotoides itself, and that the former descriptions thereof have been inaccurate. * BASELLA. Schreb. gen. n. 520. Calyx seven-cleft, with the two opposite divisions broader ; at last it produces a berry. Seed one. B. alba. Willd. 1. 1514. Perennial, twining. Leaves cordate, smooth, entire, fleshy. Batsalla hura, or Matto-batsalla, are its Telinga names when cultivated ; and Alla-batsalla, when wild. Poi, the ea and Hindoo name of the cultivated variety and bun-poit when wild. Gandola alba. Rumph. amb. 5, p. 417. The natives of the Coromandel coast reckon five varie< ties of this ; three of these are cultivated, and two wild ; the wild ee are, Ist. Yerra,or Poha-batsalla, the ‘Telinga name of the red wild Batsalla. Ructa bun-poi of the Bengalees. Basella rubra. Willd. 1.1513. | Gandola rubra. Rumph. amb. 5. 417. t. 154. f- 2. bad. Is found wild in hedges, &c. twining round other plants to a considerable extent, the stems, and branches smooth, as thick as a quill, and deeply tinged red. d. Alla-batsalla, above mentioned, grows with the | last in hedges, and differs from ito in the colour of the stems, and branches ; here they are always pale green, Evolvulus. PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. » 105. The cultivated sorts are ; Ast. Yerra, or red garden Batsalla. ' It differs from the wild red in being more luxuriant ; it is not much cultivated. 2nd. Mattoo, or white Garden Batsalla. Poi, of the Hindoos and Bengalees. Like the last, it differs from the wild white only in being more luxuriant, according to the nature of the soil, and is much cultivated. The abeve two are generally raised from the seeds, 3d. Pedda, or large Batsalla of the Telingas. B. lucida, and cordifolia. Willd. 1. 1514." Poi-sag of the Hindoos and Bengalees. Basella. Rheed. Mal. 7. t. 24. This is much cultivated, and always from slips taken from the old plants ; it grows to a great size running over extensive, trellises, erected for the purpose, and gene- rally about the houses of the natives, where its numer- ous, large, succulent branchlets and leaves form a most agreeable shade to protect them from the heat of the sun. This variety is also more used as a pot herb by the na- tives, than any of the other four, though all are reckoned equally wholesome. I think the whole may be reckoned varieties of one spe- cies, and probably Basella Japanica Burm. ind, t. 39. f. 4. is idittings more than from a stunted specimen of one joa these varieties, — EVOLVULUS. Schreb. gen. n. 524. Sales five-leaved. Corol. companulate, plaited, Germ. Capsules superior, two-celled cells, two-seeded. LE. alsinoides. Willd. 1.1517. —_ - Perennial, diffuse, hairy. Leaves subsessile, oblong, » 106 PENTANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Evolvulus. hairy. Peduncles from one to three-flowered ; fruit droop- ing. 2. E. hirsutus. Willd. 1. 1517. Vistnu-clandi. Rheed. Mal. 11. t. 64. Anagallis hirsuta minor. Burm, zeyl. t. 6.f. 1. and t. 9. J. 1, seems also the same plant. Is a native of the various parts of tages and in blos- som most part of the year, Root perennial. Slem scarcely any, but numerous, very slender, cespitose, round, bifarious branches, which, while young, are covered with long, soft, white hairs. Leaves alternate, bifarious, subsessile, oblong, entire, hairy on both sides. Peduncles axillary, solitary, longer than the leaves, jointed near the middle, where two opposite, lanceolate bractes are inserted ; from one to three-flow-. ered, but one is the most common number ; while in blos-. som erect, afterwards drooping. Calyx of five lanceolate,. hairy leaflets. Corol rotate-campanulate, margin almost entire, deep bright blue. Stamens crowning the mouth of. the very short tube. Germovate. Styles two, but each. three-fourths two-cleft.. Stigmas simple. Capsule, and. seed as in Convolulus, 3. E, pilosus. R. . Perennial, diffuse, hairy. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceo- late. | Peduncles three-flowered, and amply bracted. Style single, two-cleft. A native of Hindoosthan. In the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, it is in flower most part of the year. Root perennial. Stem scarcely any, but several, some- what ligneous branches spread ¢lose on the ground ; ten- der parts clothed with soft, appressed hairs. Leaves al- ternate, remote, sessile, linear-lanceolate, hairy, Pe- duncles axillary, very short, hairy, three-flowered. Flow- s ers nearly sessile on the common peduncle. _Corol short- PREG Ne al RARER ETE ae eae ee sok ae aa 2 RAN aie Aralia, PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 107 campanulate, white ; margins crenate. Style single, two- cleft. A. E. angustifolius, R. Diffuse, filiform, every part clothed with brown, serice- ous pubescence. Leaves sessile, linear-lanceolate. Pe- duncles longer than the leaves, from one to three-flower- ed, Styles two, each two-cleft. A native of the Moluccas, agreeing well with Brown’s figure of Convolvulus herbaceous erectus, 152. t. 10. f. 2. except that his plant is erect, and nearly smooth; whereas this spreads on the ground, and is very villous. I there- fore think it must be different. ; PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. ARALIA. Schreb. gen. n. 525, Involucre to the umbellet. Calyx five-toothed. Corol five-petalled. Germ five-celled ; cells one-seeded, at- tachment superior. Berry inferior, five-seeded, Embryo inverse and furnished with a perisperm. 1. A. digitata, R. Subarboreous, unarmed. per digitate. Leaflets, broad-lanceolate, entire. Panicles terminal. Unjala. heed - Mal. 7. £. 28, Hind. Dain. A native of the Circarmountains and lately Sand by Dr. - Buchanan about Lukshmeepoor. Flowering time the rainy Season. Young trees are in the Botanic Garden at Cal- cutta, where they grow luxuriantly, but always continue bushy, somewhat scandent, and from the lower branches, many roots continually descend into the ground or em- brace other trees, The bark is smooth, and on the i sh¢ cots of a bright deep green colour, ae * Leaves round the ends of the young shoots « lig N2 iM 108 PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Aralia, Leaflets petiolated, generally five or six, and of different sizes, oblong, pointed, entire, smooth on both sides, the shortest about the length of the common petiole. Petioles stem-clasping, round, smooth. Petiolets the largest about an inch round, and smooth. Umbellets globular, numerous, inserted alternately on many long, terminal, leafless ramifications the whole forming a large open pa- nicle. Flowers very numerous, small. Calyx ; involucre of the globular umbellet, scarcely any. Perianth a five- sided marginal elevation round the germ, Corol ; petals five, inserted on the five marginal sides of the perianth. Stamens five. Germ inferior, five-celled, with a single ovu- ja in each attached to the top of the cell, &c. exactly asin the ripe state. Berry round, size of a small pea, smooth, — yellow, five-celled. Seed solitary, attached to the top of the cell immediately under the remains of its stigma, straight and sharp on the inner edge, convex and broad in the interior. Integument single, white. Peris- perm conform to the seed, entire, pure white, of a firm and rather tough consistence. Embryo inverse, scarcely half the length of the perisperm. Cotyledons two, linear, Radicle cylindric, superior, immediately within the um- bilicus. In Hedera terebinthacea “which this species most resembles, the style which is single, is as long as the fi- lament, and ends in a single acute stigma; consequently they cannot be the same, though in the Banksian herbari- um 1 believe my plant is there marked H. terebinthi- ana. | 2. A. umbraculifera. R. Arboreous, unarmed. Leaves pinnate; leaflets numer- ous; inflorescence terminal. Papaja silvestris. Rumph. Amb. 1, p. 149. t. 53, f. 1. - A native of the Molucca Islands, from thence introduc- _ od into the Botanic — at Calcutta in 1798 ; where : ame ‘ e ¥ Linum. PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. © 109 it blossoms in April, but has never ripened its fruit in Bengal. Trunk straight, perfectly simple, about twelve feet hig h, and eighteen inches in circumference, towards the top marked with the large cicatrices of the fallen leaves, otherwise perfectly smooth, and ash-coleured. Leaves round the top of the plant, below the inflorescence, une- qually pinnate, drooping, about six feet long. Leaflets about twenty pair, opposite, subsessile, drooping, ovate- lanceolate, margins waved and slightly serrate, very smooth on both sides, upper surface shining ; length from four to eight inches, and from two to three broad, Petioles smooth, sharp on the upper edge, jointed at the insertion of the leaves, and then much swelled. Inflo- rescence, I will call it an immense terminal pannicle is- suing as in Corypha umbraculifera, from the apex of the simple Papaya-like stem and composed of nu- ous, primary, diverging, compound branches, of from three to four feet in length, while the numerous di- verging branchlets thereof are from six to nine inches long, and support numerous alternate diverging pedun- cles of small, globular heads, of from six to - sessile, greenish, stellate flowers. Bractes minute. In- volucres also very minute. Calyx superior, obscurely five-toothed, Petals five, broad-lanceolate, spreading. Filaments shorter than the petals, spreading. Anthers ovate. Germ inferior, crowned within the insertion of the petals and stamina, with a convex, grooved, coloured gland ; from its centre rise the five styles, which are in some degree coalesced, and shorter than the corol, Stig- mas five, distinct, and simple. LINUM., Schreb. gen. n. 528. Calyx five-leaved. Corol five-petalled. Capsule su- perior, from five to six-valved, from ten to twelve-cel ——" ae 110 PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA, Linum. 1. L. usisatissimum. Willd, 1. 1533. Annual, ramous. Calyx and capsules mucronate. Pe- tals crenate. Leaves alternate, lanceolate. Sans. Utusee. Hind. Tisi. Beng. Mushina. Much cultivated over the Northern waits of India for the seed, from which the Hindoos extract the oil. They make no use of any other part of the plant, 2. L. trigynum. R. Shrubby. Leaves alternate, oval. Filaments united at the base with alternate sterile bristles. Styles three. — sules six-valved, twelve-celled. _ Hind. Gool ashruf. This beautiful plant I have only met with in the gar- den of the curious about Calcutta, though it is indigenous in Hindoosthan, and the eastern parts of Bengal. Flow- ering time, the cold season. It grows readily from bits of the root; consequently, is easily propagated ; it is ~~ jndeed, a troublesome, though beautiful weed. a _ Stem or rather branches numerous, sub-ereet, the whole shrub about two or three feet high. Bark ash-coloured. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, ovate-oblong, with a bristle-like point, the larger are most minutely serrate toward the apex ; both sides smooth, size very various. Stipules minute, Flowers solitary, peduncled, large, of a bright, deep, rich yellow colour, inodorous. Bractes none, unless some small floral leaves which surround the _ peduncles near the base may be so called. Calyx five- leaved ; leaflets lanceolate, acute, smooth, erect, perma- nent, Petals five, claws the length of the calyx, forming _asitwereatube. Border flat, round, entire, inserted below the bristles, into the ring formed round the germ by the union of the base of the filaments, on the outside of the neck of each petal are two small toothlets. Filaments _ é Aegelatis, PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. | lili five, as long as the calyx, becoming broad towards the base, and then united with five, small, intermediate bris- tles placed betweenthem. Anthers sagittate. Germ su- perior, globular, six-celled, with one ovula in each, attach- ed to the top of the axis, Styles three, considerably long- er than the stamens, Stigma headed, undivided. Cap-_ sule globular, smooth, size of a large pea, six-celled, six- valved. Seeds solitary, reniform. This plant. is highly ornamental, Miller’s two figures in plate 268, are not unlike it in any respect ; yet I think itis evident they cannot be the same; it seems more nearly allied to Linum, for in all respects the characters agree perfectly, except in the three styles and capsule. I have therefore called it Linum trigynwih. AEGELATIS. Brown. Calyx cylindric sulcated, five-toothed. Petals five and with the five filaments, united at the base. Germ supe- rior, one-celled, one-seeded, attachment from the base of f the cell to the apex of the ovula.. lacing, a ee A. rotundifolia. R. Leaves alternate, orbicular ; petioles long, sheathing and winged. A small ramous shrub found with Rhizophora, &c. growing on the banks of the salt-water creeks which intersect the lower part of the delta of the Ganges, Flowering time December. Stem scarcely any, but many pe smooth, di- chotomous branches and branchlets. Leaves alternate, petioled, orbicular, entire, glossy, most finely veined, from two to three inches each way. Petioles as long as the leaves, sheathing, broad-winged, smooth ; when they — drop, annular, permanent marks are left in the branches. - Racemes axillary and terminal, the latter dichotomous 112 PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA, Aldrovanda. or even stbpanicled, round, and smooth. Flowers nu- merous, pretty large, pale yellow, short-pedicelled. Bractes three to each flower, oval, sheathing, clammy. Calyx cylindric, sulcated, clammy, mouth five-toothed. Corol, it may be called one-petalled, with filaments insert- ed on the mouth of the tube ; or five-petalled, and those inserted on the tube, formed by the base of the filaments, lamina oblong, recurved over the mouth of the calyx. Fi- laments five, shorter than the corol. Anthers linear-ob- long. Germ superior, oblong, five-grooved, closely em- braced by the tube, formed by the stamina and petals, one-celled, containing a single ovula, pendulous at the end of a long umbilical cord which rises from the bot- ‘tom of the cell. Styles five, rather longer than the Sta- mina. Stigmas large. ALDROVANDA. Schreb. gen. n. 529. Calyx five-parted. Corol five-petalled. ‘Capsule su- perior, five-valved, one-celled.. Seeds longitudinally af ~ fixed toctthé inside of the valves of the pericarp. A. verticillata. R. _ Twining. Leaves verticelled, wedge-shaped, Beng. Malacca-jhanjee. Found swimming on ponds of water over Bengal dur- ing the cold and hot season. . Thave never seen it in any other form than that of detached pieces from one to three inches long, sometimes ramous, sometimes simple. The stems are round and smooth with verticells of six or eight leaves at every quarter of an inch or less. ie Leaves sessile, verticelled, wedge-shaped, oie ip four or five bristly horns of nearly the same length; over — the insertion of the middle pair is inserted a crescent-shap-_ = ed, winged utricle, the body of which is inflated, and 4 a Drosera, PENTANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 113 serves to keep the plant suspended on the water. Pedun- cles axillary, solitary, about the length of the leaves and their horns, one-flowered. Calyx, corol, &c. as in the ge- nus except that here the seeds are numerous. DROSERA. Schreb. gen. n. 531. Calyx five-cleft. Corol five-petalled. Capsule supe. rior, one-celled opening into five valves at the top, Seeds numerous, D. Burmanni. Willd. 1. 544, Scapes axillary. Leaves radical, cuneate, spatulate, ciliate, pressing close on the ground in a circle. Stipules petiolary, varicose, from three to six-cleft. : Ros solis zeylanica, &c. Burm. zeyl. t, 94. f. 2. Native of Coromandel, Ceylon, &c, D. indica. Willd. 1. 1546. Stems ramous, leaf-bearing. Eeuveés linear. ciliate. Ros solis ramosa. Burm. zeyl. t. 94. f. 1. Araka puda. Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 20. | A native of Coromandel, &c. Flowering time the cold _ season, és o CLASS VI. -HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. URANIA., Schreb. gen. n. 539. Calyx acommon spathe. Corol six-petalled. Germ 4 three-celled. Ovula numerous ; aifachment septal. Cap- sule inferior, three-celled, hace caleot Seeds in two rows, axilled, Embryo centripetal, and furnished with a peris- perm, U. speciosa. Willd. 2.p.7. _. > Rayenalia madagascariensis, - Sonner. it. ind. 208. t 124-5 and 6. In 1802 three plants of this elegant tree were brought from. the Island of Mauritius by Capt. Tennant to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta. They were planted in dif. ferent soils, and situations... That which was in a very moist place, and in a rich brownish black soil, throve more Juxuriantly than the other two, though in a soil equally rich but lighter coloured, much higher and drier; the former flowered for the first time about the close of _ 1806 and again in September, 1807, when the accompany- __ ing and following description was made. The seeds of the first crop of flowers ripened in November, 1807. Trunk of the tree now in flower, simple, and straight, eighteen inches to the leaves, and thirty-six in circum- ference, round, and marked with the circularimpressions =~ Urania. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 115 ‘of the leaves that have fallen off. Leaves cauline, bifa- ‘rious, alternate approximating, petioled, erect when they first appear, and in all directions from that to di- -verging when about to decay, like the ribs of a semicir- cular fan, linear, oblong, nearly truncate at both ends, very smooth on beth sides, veins simple, diverging in a waving line, length about six feet and the breadth from two to three. Petioles about eight feet long, sheathing, a deep groove runs along the upper edge, except for two or three inches at the apex ; under side round, and smooth. Spadix axillary, solitary, much shorter than the peti- oles ; in our young trees many leaves intervene ; bifarious; — branches simple. «Spathes, common, three or four, alter- nate, embracing the stalks of the spadix, which are most- ly hid in the groove of the next petiole below. Partial spathes about twelve, cuneiform, from twelve to twenty- four inches long, the inferior being about twice the length of the uppermost, each enclosing about ten flowers in each side, every one of these flowers is also embraced by its own proper spathe. Flowers large, white, sessile, al- ternate in two rows on the upper side-of- the branches of the spadix, before expansion, imbricated in a horizontal line ; when expanded, erect, inodorous; while in blossom - the spathes are all completely filled with a super-abun- dance of clear, gelatinous matter. Calyx no other than the spathes already described. Corol six-petalled, three inner and three outer, all nearly ensiform, straight, and of a firm rigid texture, five of them are nearly equal © in size ; the sixth (one of the inner three) much small-— er, ‘the other two of this series adhere lengthways _ by their margins, overlapping each other, which m: have occasioned the corol to have been called - petalled, but their distinct insertions, and separat both above and below, readily point to very distir petals, Stamina six, the length of the corol. Anthers_ ’ linear, slightly recurvate, twice ‘as long as their thic! ss 02 ie Le ee < Ws, 116 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bromelia, filament. Germ inferior, obliquely linear, three-celled with two vertical rows of ovula in each cell attached to the partition. Style rather longer than the sta- mina, straight and very stiff. Stigma clavate, perforat- ed, three-lobed, lobes bidentate, and acute. Capsule inferior, linear, oblong, less convex on one side, and the separation marked by two opposite, longitudinal, sharp ridges; size of a small cucumber, smooth, dark brown, ofa hard, tough fibrous texture, three-celled, three-valv- ed, opening from the apex. Seeds many, reniform, in two rows, attached to the inner edge of the partition, each enveloped in its proper, beautiful azure-coloured axil (the robe of Urania.) Perisperm conform to the seed, white, friable. Embryo pointing immediately to the umbilicus — of the seed, pure white ; varying its shape from that of a — common flask to that of a retort. BROMELIA. Schreb. gen. n, 540. Calyx three-parted. Petals three, with a nectarial — scale at the base ofeach, Berry superior, three-celled. 1. B. ananas. Willd. 2. 7. Leaves ciliate with spinous points. Spike tufted, Kapa-tsjakka. Rheed. Mal.11.¢.1.and2, _ Beng. Ananas. ) ag Ido not know that it has been found indigenous in ‘any. a part of India. Its not being a native of India is supported by the various vernacular names, evidently derived from ananas, as well as by their being no Sanscrit name for so _ remarkable « a plant, A thing which could scarcely have _ happe med if it had been a native of the East Indies. The general flowering time in India is about the beginning of _ the hot season. sit There is a very beautiful striped-leaved variety of this _ species found at Malacca, is eet ‘Burmannia. © HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 117 BURMANNIA. Schreb. gen. n. 542. Calyx gibbous, mouth six-toothed ; the alternate one very small, (or they may be called petals.) Corol none. Stamina in pairs. Capsule inferior, three-celled, Seeds numerous, 1. B. disticha, Willd. 2. 16. Leaves sword-shaped. Spike double. Burmannia spica gemina, Burm. zeyl. p. 50. t. 20.f. 1. It is a native of Ceylon. Root of numerous capillary fibres, annual. Leaves radi- _ cal, sword-shaped. Scape erect, from twelve to twenty inches high, round, pointed, with a sword-shaped sheath at each joint. Spikes double, spreading in opposite di. rections. Bractes lanceolate, one-flowered. Flowers e- rect, subsessile on the upper side of the spikes, pale blue. Calyx gibbous, one-leaved ; mouth six-parted, divisions alternate, larger permanent, and keeled on the back, Corol none, unless the three smaller divisions of the calyx be so called. Filaments none. Anthers three, joined to the sides of three large, ox-head-shaped glands, affix- ed to the calyx just below the smaller divisions thereof. Germ ii erior, three-sided, three-winged, the wings a continuat.on of those of the calyx. Style erect. Stigmas three, large, emarginate. Capsule three-winged, three= cornered, three-celled, three-valved. Seeds numerous, __ 2. B. triflora. R. Flowers about three in a terminal head. Leaves ensi- — form. Found by Mr. W. Roxburgh on Prince of Wales’ Island. Root annual, consisting of a few small fibres, Leaves, few round the base, those of the scape ensiform, _ smooth. Scape filiform, erect, generally simple, invested _ in a few remote leaflike scales ; height about six inches. _ Flowers from two to four, terininil; short-pedicelled, al —: 118 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Tradescantia. — and beautiful. Bractes ensiform, one at the base of each pedicell. Calyx superior, subcylindric, amply three- winged, mouth six-toothed, the three alternate, (Corol of Linnzeus,) very small, and ensiform. Filaments short — in the mouth of the calyx, Anthers three-pair, Germ — inferior, Style rather shorter than the calyx. Stigma — three-cleft. Segments emarginate, adhering to the stami- na. Capsule three-celled, Seeds numerous, minute, attached to the inner angle of the cells. TRADESCANTIA. Schreb. gen. n. 543. Calyx three-leaved, or three-parted. Filaments Lead ed, or naked. Germ three-celled. Cells few-seeded; at« tachment inferior. Capsule superior, three-celled, threes _ valved. Seeds few. Emoéryo inthe back of the ample perisperm, centrifugal. jig 1. T. axillaris. Willd. 2. 20. Ka Annual, creeping. Flowers axillary. Calyx atten - ed. _Corol one-petalled, Filaments bearded, and club« — bed. ame nil: eh Nir puila. Rheed. Mal. 10. p.2.¢.13, .. Hind. Baga nella. -‘Teling. Gola gandee. a0 Annual, a native of moist pasture ground, pears ik of rice fields, &c, appearing and flowering during the — wet and cold season. at Root fibrous, Stem, there is in young plants an erect A one, but in old ones it is depressed, and appears like one of the many long creeping branches that issue fromits — base, all are round, smooth, jointed and often coloured. Leaves alternate, sheathing, lanceolate, spreading, striat- ed; mouths of the sheaths ciliate, Flowers axillary two or _ three, but in succession, so that there is never more than one expanded at a time, they are pretty large ; colons: Oe. Tradescantia, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 119 deep, beautiful, blue purple. Calyx membranaceous, three-parted. Corol one-petalled, funnel-formed ; tube cylindric, twice as long as the calyx. Segments three, cor- ‘date. - Filaments six, the length of the corol, and inserted into its tube near the base; toward the apex Swelled into an oblong pellucid body, and a little below sur- rounded with beautiful, jointed hairs. | Anthers incum- ‘bent. Germ superior, three-sided. Style the length of the stamens, and near the apex swelled like the flarsents. Cattle are very fond of this plant. 2. T. tuberosa. . Corom. pl. 2. n, 100. Perennial, creeping ; radical leaves ensiform, cauline, lanceolate, and downy. Spikes crested. Corol one pe- talled. Filaments bearded and clubbed. A native of moist vallies. Root tuberous, perennial. Stems ‘giver: creeping,, ‘a round, jointed, from six to thirty inches long; there is a tuft of three or four, liliaceous, sword-shaped leaves, issuing immediately from the heads of the tuberous roots or rather Se i nei ee whence the roots and procumbent stems issue. Leaves. of the stems linear-lanceolate, sheathing, striated, under. side tinged with purple and downy. Spikes terminal, or , _ from the interior axills, one or two together ; peduncled, , beautiful, imbricated as in F. cristata, with two rows of, falcate, ciliate bractes._ Flowers one in the axill of each bracte, small, blue purple, — Corol one-petalled, &c. asin ~ the last described. Stamens and pistil as in T. axillaris. 3.T. paniculata. R. Annual, partly erect. Leaves lanceolate. Panicles ier-» minal. Corols three-petalled. Filaments naked, ‘Teling. Kanda amadikada. | A native of moist vallies. i bis Root i Stems creeping, isuitle their 2 120 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Tradescantia. tremities erect, jointed, smooth. Leaves lanceolate, sheathing. Mouth of the sheaths woolly. Panicles ter- minal, globular, many-flowered, hairy. Flowers small, blue. Calyx three-leaved, hairy. Corol three-petalled, the superior two, large, and ovate, the third lanceolate, Filaments simple, inserted round the germ, as longa as the petals, without hairs or swelling, i 4, T. sabrtciite Corom. pl. 2. N. 108. Creeping. Leaves lanceolate-cordate, stem-clasping — and sheathing. Spikes secured, imbricated with two rows of bractes. Corols one-petalled, funnel-shaped. Veetla caitu. Rheed. Mal. 7. t. 58. Common on wet ground over most parts of India during ; the latter part of the wet season. a Root annual. Stems or branches creeping, jointed, round, — pretty smooth, a small woolly ridge runs from joint to” joint, being a continuation of the fissure of the base of — the leaf next above ; length from one to two feet, Leaves — = stem-clasping, sheathing, lanceolate-cordate, entire, ” "womewiat fleshy, beautifully striated ; margins woolly, — otherwise smooth, from two to three inches long, and about one broad. Spikes terminal, solitary, sessile, re- curved over the base of the last leaf, which may be eall- ed a common spathe, secund, imbricated with two pairs — of lunulate, sessile bractes, each row generally consisting of from six to sixteen pair. Flowers sessile, one to each bracte, opening in succession, pale blue. Calyx — three- parted, ciliate on the back and margins. Corol one- _ petalled, funnel-shaped; border of three equal divisions. — Filaments inserted round the base of the germ, spirally — twisted, and hairy, Style spirally twisted, naked. Stigma 4 pitcher-shaped. Seeds two in each cell, pitted on the back. — Note. The corol being of one petal eaceienr the idea - of its being T. cristata, There is a variety with dark Glas. flowers. ~ Pontederia. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. BE PONTEDERIA. Schreb. gen. n. 545. Calyx, spathe common. Corol six-petalled or parted. Stamina and style ascending. Capsule superior, three- celled, three-valved, * _1.P. vaginalis. Willd. 2. 23. Corom-plh-n~L0——— Leaves cordate, acute, from: five to seven-nerved ; ra-- cemes peduncled, after the flowers decay, recurved. Carimgala. Rheed. Mal, 11 t. 44. Sans. Neelotpala. | Beng. Nouka- Teling. Nirocancha. A native of the borders of sweet water lakes or marshy places. It flowers. during the rains, Root perennial, creeping. Leaves radical, narrow-cor- date, pointed, entire, smooth, glossy ; ; from two to four © inches long, and from one/to.two broad, _ Petioles sub- erect, tapering, fistulous, smooth, from six to twelve inches long; those that bear a raceme are swelled a lit- tle about the middle, and there open like a spathe length- ways near the base, those that do not bear flowers are enlarged into a sheath, which embraces the exterior _ leaves. Raceme short-peduncled, after flowering time, drooping, from six to twelve flowered. Pedicels about three ausTise of an inch long. Flowers blue and pretty. aes other than the common spathe of the raceme. a Petah a six, the three exterior are the smallest, and oblong, the three interior obovate. Filaments ascending, in- ‘Serted round the base of the germ, the lowermost one is generally broad, and two-cleft, its lower division bears a blue anther, the other nothing ; the rest are yellow.. Germ og superior. | Style single. ae gladular. | 2 P. hastata, Willd. 2.21. Corom. pl. 2. NU. : Leaves triangular, or hastate, pointed, na : seerr sessile, erect. ‘* ae oe ee 122 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Pontederia, Teling. Neroo-Tamara. A native of marshy places, or shallow standing sweet water. It flowers during the rainy and cold season. Root perennial, thick, spongy, creeping when long, a little flexuose with many fibres issuing from every part. Leaves radical; those that bear the flowers a little more ‘elevated; but differing in no other respect from the rest; broad-sagittate, or triangular, very entire, pointed, very smooth and glossy, from six to seven inches long, and from five to six inches broad, posterior angles gene- rally obtuse. Petioles the flower-bearing longest and grooved a little, swelled near the apex, and there on the fore part, split like a sheath for the passage of the ra- ceme ; the other petioles are increased near the base into a large sheath, which embraces those within ; they are ta- pering, sometimes spotted with small purple dots, from eighteen to twenty-four inches long, and not grooved like the flower-bearing petioles, or scapes. Racemes subsessile, erect, while they are in flower, while young, globular, but lengthening as the flowers expand. Spaihes ovate. Flowers numerous, pedicelled, closely surrounding every part of the raceme ; those nearest the apex begin to expand first, and continue in succession down; they are large, and of a beautiful bright blue, violet colour. Pedicels round, smooth, about an inchlong. Petals six, withering, the three interior largest, and obovate; the three exterior ob- _ long. Filaments six, short, the lower rather longer, and as in the last bifid or broad and undivided with a double anther. Anthers linear, erect, the lowermost one is much larger and blue, the rest are yellow. Germ superior, ovate, with three cells, each containing numerous ovula attached to a vertical thickened line, or a receptacle on ach side of the partition. Style single, ascending, rather ‘onger than the stamens, Stigma downy. _ Pontederia. WHEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 123 3. P. Plantaginea. R. Diffuse. Leaves narrow, cordate. Racemes pédundied. three-flowered, Plantaginis stellate folie. Pluck. t. 2215. f. 4. agrees much better with this, than with P. vaginalis. A native of marshy, or watery places“over Banga — It flowers during the rains. Stems annual, and very tri- fling, but spreading on the ground for a few inches so that the radical fibres issue through the sheathes of the leaves and strike into the earth. Leaves petioled, nar- row-cordate, entire, taper, obtuse-pointed, smooth ; lobes - semicircular; nerves about five, and faintly visible on the under-side only ; the largest of the leaves is about two inches long and one broad. Petioles from three to four in- ches long, round, variously curved, with an opening about the middle on the inside for the raceme ; from the mouth of the stem-clasping base, a very large tapering ligule, or bracte rises. Racemes peduncled, from two to four-flow- ered, and erect till they decay, then recurved. Flowers large for the size of the plant, short-pedicelled, bright, deep blue. Calyx the spathe of the raceme, inserted near its base. Corol one-petalled, to the base six-cleft ; divisions lanceolate, the interior three narrower. Fila- ments five smaller, and one large, with a hornlet as in P. vaginalis and hastata. Anthers on the small filaments, small and roundish; on the large, sagittate, oblong. Germ oval, three-celled, each: containing numerous ovula at- tached to septal receptacles. not far removed from the axis. Style shorter than the stamina. Capsule oblong, three-celled, three-valved. Seeds numerous, round. 4. P. dilatata. Syme’s embasy to Ava. Leaves cordate-sagittate. Umbel peduncled, prt flowers numerous, long-pedicelled. Hind, Cacheree. pitas 2 A Native of page &c. It flowers during the rainy a P2 124 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Pancratium. 5. P. sagittata. R. Leaves sagittate ; umbel sessile ; flowers long-pedicel- led, - A Native of low wet places near Chittagong. PANCRATIUM. Schreb. gen. n. 551. Corol superior, infundibuliform, crowned with a cam- : panulate, staminiferous nectary. 1. P. zeylanicum. Willd. 2. 41, Leaves linear-lanceolate. Spathe one-flowered, Sex: menis of the corol longer than the tube, Stamens incur- ved. Nectary twelve-toothed. Lilium Indicum, Rumph. Amb.6 t. 70 f. 2. anda tolerably good figure, but Cat- tuli Pola, Rheed Mal. 11 t. 40 mustcertainly be excluded. A native of the Molucca Islands and of Ceylon, from both places the roots have been received into this Gard- en, where they blossom about the beginning of the rains. Root a round, smooth, truncated bulb, about an inch and a half in diameter. Leaves radical, bifarious as far a as ten or twelve from the ae bulb ; slightly recurved, 2 linear-lanceolate, pointed, smooth, from six to twelvein- __ ches long. Scape axillary, shorter than the leaves, a lit- _ . tle compressed, smooth, supporting a single, large, pure — 2 white, faintly fragrant flower, which expands about sun- — o set, and fades next morning. Spathes membranaceous. — length of the tube of the corol. Corol superior; tube ~ cylindric ; segments of the border linear-reyolute, longer ie than thetube. Nectary or crown of the corol spreading wide i in the shape ofa shallow bowl. The twelve divi- _ sions of its border acute, Filaments scarcely so long as the segments of the border of the corol, incurved. i ri 2. P. longiflorum. B, H. ; nae Leaves narrow lanceolate. Spathe one-flowered. Seg- 4 ments of the corol _linear-lanceolate, half the length. of Pancratium. -HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 125 the tube. Stamens incurved, scarcely longer than the divisions of thegibbous campanulate-twelve-toothed nec- tary. ' _ A native of the Moluccas, from whence the roots were brought to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta in-—~ 1798. Itisin blossom about the beginning of the rains. Leaves radical, narrow-lanceolate, deep green, and smooth on both sides ; length about twelve ffiches, and Jess than one in breadth. Scapes much shorter than the leaves, and even short- er than the tube of the corol, compressed, one flowered. Flowers large, pure white, fragrant. Corol ; tube pale green, cylindric, a little furrowed, about six inches long. Filaments incurved, and very little longer than the divisi- ons of the nectary. Anthers large. 3. P. biflorum. R. : Leaves linear-cuneate. Spathe from three'to four-leav- ed, two or three flowered. Coro! with a long, slender, three- sided tube and linear segments of the same length. Sinu- ses of the nectary erose. Filaments length of the nectary, A native of India, but scarce. Flowering time in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, the rainy season, Leaves froin four to eight, bifarious, erect, flat, linearly wedge-shaped, rather obtuse, smooth on both sides, slight- ly reticulated with transverse green veins ; length about twelve inches, by one broad. Scape shorter than the leaves, erect, smooth, a little compressed, supporting two or three, large, pure white, faintly fragrant flowers. Spathe three or fuur-leaved, two-flowered ; leaflets of va- rious sizes and linear. Corol ; tube pale whitish green, three-sided, slender, from three to four inches long, divi- sions of the border linear, first expanding, then recurved, about as long as the tube.. Nectary broad funnel-shaped, Scarcely one third the length of the lacinize of the corol, — ie s ee between the filaments erose. Filaments cape oe : two or three. bulbs seeds. 126 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Crinum. — long as the nectary, spreading. Anthers first yellow, ; afterwards brown. Style longer than the stamens. Stig- : ma three-lobed. A. P. triflorum. R. Spathes three-flowered. Leaves linear acute ; Segments — of the corol shorter than the tube ; fissures of the nectary : alternately deeper, in which the incurvate stamens are 4 inserted. Beng. Sada-kanoor. An elegant species, with large fragrant flowers. a Since writing the above, I have seen in the 2nd. Vol. — of the Linnean Society’s Transactions, Mr. Salisbury’s des- cription of P. verecundum, which he thinks is P. maritimum — of Linneus, and from his acurate figures and description, — find that my plant differs from his in the following ree pects. 2 Ist. Here the leaves are more numerous, acute-point- 3 ed and not bifarious. a 2nd. Here there are only from two to four flowers in the fascicle as also the ten divisions of the mouth of the nec- — tary, are longer, waved, much more pointed than in his, and the filaments are at Jeast two or three times longer 2 than those divisions, whereas in his they are about the — same length ; so that I conceive this must be another s species. - CRINUM. Schreb. gen. n. 553. Calyx ; Involucre spathaceous. Corol infundibuliform, e six-parted, Filaments inserted on the mouth of the tube-— Germ inferior three-celled ; ovula few ; attachment lateral. Berry inferior, somewhat fleshy, evalyular, containing Z Crinum. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 127 Sec. Ist. FLowrERs REGULAR. 1. C. amoenum. R. Bulbs spherical. Leaves linearly tapering, smooth, margined, length of the inflorescence ; umbels from fourte———_ six-flowered, regular, sessile, An elegant small species ; a native of Silhet where it ‘is called Gocinda by the natives. It flowers in April and May, as well as now and then during the rains. Bulbs small, and nearly round. Stemless. Leaves from six to twelve from each bulb, sparse, linear, toward the apex tapering, straight, more or less channelled, particu- larly toward the base ; margins slightly scabrous ; from one to two feet long and about an inch and a half broad. Scape from the axills of the old leaves, solitary, about a foot long, round, and smooth. Umbels from four to six- flowered with some filamentaceous bodies mixed amongst them. Spathe two leaved. Flowers large, white, sessile, Tube of the corol from three to four inches long, three- comered ; border of six equal, regularly disposed, linear- iekbpcias: recurved segments, which are about as long as the tube ; apices acute, and alternately uncinate. Fila- ments nearly as long as the border of the corol, ascend- ing,red. Anthers linear. Germ inferior, sessile, oblong, polished, seemingly three-celled ; ovula many, attached to the two margins of the three-receptacles, which are substantially attached to the walls of the ovarium and Only meet in the centre; for on drying a transverse sec- tion, they separate spontaneously from the margins to the Centre, and again each of the three has a fissure from the inner angle toward the insertion. Style above the tube, incurved, coloured like the filaments, and rather longer | than they. Stigma three-lobed. : 2. C. asiaticum. Willd. 2. 45. : a Root an oblong bulb with a fusiform crown. : Stemies. sf: = — _ subsessile, fragrant during the night. Corol ; tube cyl « 128 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Crinum. Leaves sparse, rigidly linear, chanelled, ebtuse, jointed ; margins smooth. Umbels from ten to twelve flowered ; flowers subsessile. Style as long as the stamens. Beng. Sookh-dursun. Belutta pola taly. Reed. Mal. Vol. 11.€. 38. ; This plant, which I now consider to be Crinum asia- % ticum of Linneus, may have been the only asiatic. species known to him when he wrote his Flora Zeylanica, grows on the moist muddy or swampy banks of rivers and is in blossom the greater part of the year, and is no doubt Rumph. second species of Radixtoxicaria. Herb, Am. 6. p. 156. which like ours delights in swampy banks of creeks, &c. where mud abounds. : _ Root bulbous, with a terminal, stoloniferous, fusi form portion issuing from the crown of the bulb, descending deep into the mud or earth; from the last mentioned pot tion issue the ramons fibrous roots. Stem none. Leaves — radical, equally disposed on every side, linear, concave, (so much so that asection forms nearly a perfect sewicit- cle,) no keel ; margins smooths ; length from one to three feet, and Cs broadest little more than three-fourths of aninch. Scapes generally shorter than the longer leay a little compressed. smooth, often coloured. Umbels with from six to sixteen flowers. Spathe two leaved, with f liform bractes amongst the flowers. Flowers lates ite, dric, from four to six. inches long, coloured, or “pale-greem, according to exposure, smooth. Divisions of the bord linear-lanceolate equally disposed; margins waved alittle, ayecurved process at the apex of each. Filaments & qually disposed, ascending, upper half coloured. Anthers- linear, incumbent. Germ beneath’ Style as long as the stamina, declined. Stigma simple. Berry membranace ous, subglobose, containing in one cell, one or two rugose, bulb-like seeds and although the flowers are sul sub: the — are — a pa Crinum, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 12 Note. I suspect that two or more, very distinct spe- cies have hitherto been included under one specific name ;— which I have now assigned to the above described, by far the smallest of the two, and no doubt Van Rheede’s Beluta pola tali. The other, Rumphius’s first species of Radix Toxicaria, which is the one he has figured, and now called by me Crinum Toxicarium, was, | believe, con- sidered by Konig to be C. latifolium of Linn. and was for- merly described and figured by me as such. 3. C. ensifolium. R. Bulb ovate. Leaves sparse, straight, énsiform:” A native of Pegu from thence introduced by Dr. W. ‘Carey into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta but has not yet blossomed there. In habit it most resembles Asiaticum but differs from that species in the shape of tbe bulb. The leaves also differ, for here they are less channelled, taper more toward the apex whichis much shorter ; other differences will, no doubt, be found when the flowers ap. - pear. 4. C. brevifolium. R. Bulb stemless. Leaves rigid, straight, lanceolate, broad, obtuse-pointed, waved, margins smooth. Umbels from ten to twelve flowered ; flowers regular, short-pedicelled. Segments of the border equalling the trigonal tube. This elegant, rather small, very well marked species, has been introduced from. the Mauritius into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta where it blossoms during the hot and Yainy season. Leaves six or eight from each bulb, sparse, straight, Spreading a little, lanceolar, broad, obtuse, pointed, mar- gins smooth, from twelve to eighteen inches long, and. two and a half or three inches broad. Scapes from the axills of the old withered leaves, much compress- . ed, about twelve inches high, Involucre two-leaved, from ten to twelve flowered. Flowers large, whites and : ie Q oo ae 130 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Crinum, faintly fragrant, short-pedicelled. Tube slender, about three inches long, trigonal. Segments of the border six, linear, recurved, length of the tube. Filaments equal, and equally disposed, shorter than the segments of the border. Anthers linear, incumbent. Germ, style, and stigma as in the other species. 5. C. longifolium. R. : Bulb spherical, stemless.. Leaves linear, long, droop- ing, channelled, maryins slightly scabrous. Umbel from ten to twelve flowered ; flowers subsessile, __A native of the interior parts of Bengal where it was found in single plants among grass, and on low inundated. ground, by Dr. Carey, and by him introduced into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where it flowers and ripens its seed during the rainy season, It comes nearest C. asiaticum, but differs muchin appearance, and in the size — and shape of the bulb, This being a much better looking plant, the bulbous root has not the long spindle-shaped crown of that species, which penetrates deep into the mud on the borders of creeks, where that plant is fase: “aed found, Root many strong, fleshy Sbies! from the crown of : round, tunicated bulb, which penetrate deep into the soil. Leaves many, equally disposed in all sides, de-' clinate, tapering regularly from the base to a fine point; — general length from two to three feet, including their — withered apices, concave, but no keel, margins cartilagte nous, and hispid, striated, breadth about two inches at the base. Scapes axillary, length various ; in low inun- dated places, sufficiently long to raise the flowers above the water ; in the Botanic Garden, on dry ground, always much shorter than the leaves, variously bent, a little compressed, smooth. Umbel, with from eight ‘to twelve sessile, large white, fragrant flowers, intermixed with filiform bractes. Spathetwo-leaved. Calyx none. Corol Crinum. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. | 131 and tube subcylindric, inside rugose, about four inches long. Segments of the border linear-lanceolate, rather shorter than the tube. Filaments ascending, coloured, nearly as long as the segments of the corol. Anthers incumbent, brown. Germ oblong, three-celled, each con- taining many (from eight to sixteen) ovula attached, or ra- ther immersed in the margin of their vertically oblong pa- rietal receptacles. Style as long as the stamina, above the tube coloured. Stigma small, three-lobed. Pericar- pium ( Berry) subrotund, from one to two inches in dia- meter according to the number of seeds, swelled out — where the seeds are lodged, crumbling away, or other- _ wise decaying. Seeds from one to eight or ten, shape and size varying according to the number. 6. C. lorifolium. R. , : Bulb cylindrically-ovate. Leaves very long, thong- shaped, margins scarcely scabrous. Umbels with about twenty pedicelled regular flowers. A native of Pegu, from thence introduced by the Rev. F. Carey, into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta» where it flowers about the close ofthe rains. It has immenselylong, weak, recumbentleaves, the breadth of which at the base, the broadest part, is rather under two inches, and the length five feet. The bulbs thrive well, and produce ’ abundance of suckers, by which it is very readily multi- plied. : ! iyity Fone ee! 7. C. Sumatranum. R. 5 “Stemless. Leaves \inear-lanceolate, straight, stiff, chat. nelled, margins hispid. . Umbel from ten to sige fescss de ; ered, flowers subsessile, regular. - A native of the interior parts of Sumatra, from thence - Dr. Charles Campbell sent the plants to the Botanic Gar- _ den at Calcutta in 1801, where they thrive well reset Som at different. periods ofthe year, tA Q2 132 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Crinum, — Root perennial, ovate, with many thick, fleshy, fibres, descending from its crown. Stem none, at least scarcely any thing that can be so called has yet appeared after ten years culture, Leaves radical, straight, rigid, linear- lanceolate, rather obtusely pointed, concave on the upper surface ; smooth on both sides, with their margins whit- _ ish, callous and hispid, held between the light and the’ eye, beautifully striated with double lines, and tessellated with transverse green veins, from three to six feet long, and from three to six inches broad. Scapes axillary, so- — litary, much shorter than the leaves, smooth, a little’ compressed. Umbel from ten to twenty-flowered. In- volucre two-leaved, with filamentaceous fibres mixed amongst the pedicells. Flowers large, white, pedicelled. _ e Corol ; tube cylindric, about four inches long, divisions of the border linear, as long as the tube, having their — apices alternately hooked. Filaments ascending, colour- ed, shorter than the segments of the corol, Anthers li- near, incumbent. Germ inferior, subsessile, scarcely thicker than the tube ofthe corol, three-celled, in the in- ner angle of each isa fleshy succulent receptacle in which one, two, or three seeds are found immersed. Style a shorter than the stamina. Fruit the size of a man’s fist 3 cells uncertain, the partitions being obliterated, but the : whole contains one, two, or three large, bulbiform seeds, covered with a tender, somewhat fleshy envelope, which does not open in any regular form, but soon decays. *. 8. C. canaliculatum. R. Stemless. Leaves linearly tapering, nie aveapetiaes _ twice the length of the inflorescence. Umbels, from thirty to fifty-flowered ; flowers pedicelled, regular, Seg- ments of the border linear, channelled; obtuse, longer — than the tube. Leaves from eight to fourteen, sparse, li near, tapering near the apex channelled, margins quite smooth ; from three to five feet long, and {rom three to four- Crinum, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ~_ 338" inches broad. Scapes from the exterior axills, solitary, about two feet long, surface smooth, inside flattened, about as thick as a man’s thumb. Umbels composed of about forty middling-sized, pure white, long-pedicelled, sweetly fragrant flowers. Tube of the corol sub-semicylindric, two and a half inches long ; border of six linear chan- nelled, obtuse, alternately uncinate, recurved segments, which are larger than the tube. Filaments scarcely more than half the length of the segments of the border of the corol, ascending towards the point, coloured. Anthers li- near. Germ elevated on pretty long, thick pedicells, and as in the other species, only apparently three-celled, the receptacles being in fact parietal, and only meeting in the centre ; ovula several, in two vertical rows, attached to the double margin of the receptacle. Sty/e above the mouth of the tube, three-cornered, and about as long as the fila- ments. Stigma of minute lobes. 9. C. superbum, R, Caulescent. Leaves lanceolate, smooth, margined. Um- bel of from twenty to thirty, pedicelled flowers ; tube of the corol equalling the regular border. A native of the interior forests of Sumatra from thence ‘sent by Dr. Charles Campbell to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta where it thrives luxuriantly, and blossoms at various periods through the year. This is the largest and by far the most beautiful species of Crinum I have yet met with, and if the fragrance of its numerous large flow- _ ers is taken into the account, it is probably the most de- © sirable of all the liliaceous tribe. . Root of many fleshy, ramous fibres from the rounded ‘ base of the stem, for there is scarcely any appearance of abulb, Stem short, in six or seven year-old plants from twelve to eighteen inches high, as thick as aman’sleg, or more, invested with the withered sheathes of the leaves, oe from its base and lower part shoots spring, in such abun- ne eanil” a 134 ~~. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Crinum, dance as to render it readily multiplied. Leaves sparse, sheathing, lanceolate, straight and smooth, margins also smooth ; points blunt, deeply concave on the upper sur-_ face ; held between theeye and the light they are beau- tifully striated with numerous, simple, straight, longitudi- nal lines, and between these, tessellated with transverse, — green veins; from three to six feet long, and from three to. six inches broad about the middle, which is the broadest’ part. Scape from the stem immediately below the leaves about three or four feet long, much compressed, particu- _ larly on the inside, and about as thick asa man’s ~ thumb. Umbel from twenty to thirty-flowered. Involu- cre of two large, long, cordate, reflexed, coloured exterior — 2g leaves ; with numerous filaments mixed among the flow- ers. Flowers very large, pedicelled, rose-coloured, de- lightfully fragrant ; tube obscurely three-sided, about five or six inches long, deeply. coloured ; segments of the bor- der equally disposed, linear-lanceolate,revolute,as long as, or longer than the tube, deep rose colour on the outside, _ pale pink within, apices alternately uncinate. Germ in- . ferior, oblong; three-celled, with a few ovula in each, at- tached to a fleshy receptacle, which appear to originate ; in the centre, from the axis, but their real insertion is in- to the walls of the Germ. Style declinate, the length of the deeply coloured, equally incurved, slender filaments. Stigma small, perforated, and obscurely three-lobed. The ripe seed vessel has not yet been seta, they : have continued abortive in Bengal. at 9. C. toxicarium, R. ee Caulescent. Leaves sparse, lanceolar. Flowers pedi- celled, numerous, even as far as sixty ina hemispheri¢ — umbel, Capsules with one or more bulbiform seeds. - Crinum asiaticum. Bot. Meg! N. shoal 2 has the im leaf of this species. bere’ Radix toxicaria. Rumph. Amb. 6. var. 1st. p. 15868: é Crinum. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. “235__ Beng. Bura-kanoor. Cing. Tolaho.’ I have only found it in gardens; where it is indigenous I cannot say, in Ceylon I believe. | Flowering time the wet season, though more or less the whole year. Stem short, but distinct, and stout. Leaves linear-lan- ceolar, very smooth ; margins most entire ; under side ele- gantly striated length-ways with deeper and lighter green; from three to four feet long, and from five to se- ven inches broad. Scapes axillary, shorter than the leaves, smooth, a little compressed, as thick as a man’s thumb. Flowers numerous, often fifty, growing in a he- mispherical umbel, white, almost inodorous. Spathe two-valved, with filiform bractes mixed among the flowers. Stigma small, entire, three-sided. Berries round- ish, the size of alarge pigeon’s egg, smooth, crowned with the lower part of the remaining tube of the corol, seldom more than one-celled, without any natural opening, and containing one or more large, bulb-like, rugose, firm fleshy seeds ; though in the germ there are the rudiments of three cells with many seeds in each, _ Its immense large, beautiful, smooth, deep green leaves, make it conspicuous and desirable in the Flow- er Garden. This plant has hitherto been blended with Crinum asi- aticum, though no two species of liliaceous plants, of the Same genus, canbe more strongly marked, not only by the size, shape of the leaves, and number, &c. of the flow- ers in the umbel, but still more strongly by Toxicaria, being caulescent; and the other most perfectly desti- tute of every appearance ofa stem. It ought to be com- vored with Willdenow’s Crinum bracteatum. | 10. C. nervosum. Willd. 2. 47. Se ae area: poet 2 Spathes many 136 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Crinum. Cepa sylvestris. Rumph. Amb. 6. p. 160. t. 70. f. 1. Pancratium amboinense. Willd. 2, 45: Introduced from Amboyna into the Company’s Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where it blossoms in May and June, | : but rarely ripens its seeds. : Root bulbous, perennial. Leaves radical, petioled, re- niform-cordate, many-nerved, entire, smooth on both sides ; length and breadth nearly the same, andin healthy luxuriant plants about ten or twelve inches each way. Petioles smooth, deeply channelled. Scape erect. Spathes three, many (from thirty to fifty) flowered. Flowers pedicelled, large, pure white, and fragrant. Bractes chaffy, intermixed amongst the pedicells of the flowers. Corol infundibuliform. Tube slender, straight ; divisi- ons of the border shorter than the tube, alternately lan- ceolate and cuneiform, Filaments inserted by broad, lo- hate, sometimes united, fleshy bases, into the mouth of the tube of the corol, rather shorter than its divisions. Anthers incumbent. Germ.beneath, three-celled, with two seeds in each, attached to the inner angle of the cell. : Style rather longer than the stamens. Stigma simple, acute. _ Berry asin the other species but smaller, and with rarely more than one bulbiform seed, Sect. J. Flowers declinate. 7 U. augustum, R. : ad Bulb columnar, mostly above ground. Leaves sparse, lanceolate, channelled, smooth-margined. Scapes lateral, the length of the leaves ; umbels of from twenty to thirty, pedicelled, declinate flowers. ; From the Mauritius this magnificent plant has been introduced into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where it blossoms at various times throughout the year, but with the greatest luxuriance during the rains; the scapes are as thick asa child’s wrist, above three feet long, and of a dark, reddish purple colour, the umbels have then about — Crinum. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 137 _ thirty sweetly fragrant, rosy flowers, on pedicells from one to two inches long; and coloured like the scape; tube of the corol from four to five inches long, colour a lighter purple; segments of the border lanceolar, six inches long’; filaments and style purpie, declinate, with the in- cumbent anthers yellow. This is the only species known to me with any thing like a stem, and declinate flowers, nor can I reconcile it with any one cf the many species of Crinum or Amaryllis hitherto described in any book that I have met with. | 12. C, latifolium. Sp. pl. 419. Bulb spherical, stemless. Spathes many, from ten to twenty-flowered. Flowers sessile, declinate, with an ob. liquely campanulate border, Leaves lanceolate, margins scabrous. _ 3 _Amaryllis latifolia, Willd. 2. 57. Sjovanna-pola-tali. Rheed. Mal. 11. t. 39. Amaryllis ornata. Bot, Mag. N. 923, agrees so well with this as to induce me to think they are the same, or only varieties of one species. A native of Bengal where it begins to blossom with the first showers in April, and continues to do so during the early part of the rainy season. s I long considered this most stately plant, a variety of C. Zeylanicum, but on taking up some of the bulbs of both sorts to send to England, I observed a greater difference in their appearance, than can be traced in the parts above ground, though even their disagree- ments are sufficiently conspicuous to justify the separa- tion. The following description will be found more com- parative than usual with me, on account of their resem- blance and no doubt both belong to Crinum, at least to _ the same genus, with our East India Crina. I do not a therefore think L, Heritier, and after him Wil 2 3 138 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Crinum, have rendered Botany any service by changing the place of C. Zeylanicum and latifolium. Root a spherical, tunicated bulb, often two feet in cir- cumference and rather more flattened at the base, than — on the opposite end. In C. Zeylanicum it is ovate, never solarge and abounds more in cobweb-like fibres. Leaves numerous, radical, disposed equally on all sides, lanceo- late, waved, smooth, tapering slowly from within a few inches of the base to rather a broad and obtuse point; margins scabrous, with minute, cartilaginous denticuli, length from one to three feet, and from three to five in- ches broad ; in Zeylanicum, they are much narrower, the rib much more prominent, the length as much as three feet, the margins much more waved, and perfectly smooth; this — mark alone is sufficient to distinguish the two plants. Scapes from the axills of the decayed leaves, somewhat compressed, as thick as a man’s thumb and from twelye to twenty-four inches long ; in Zeylanicum it is longer, and coloured. Umbels with from ten to twenty flowers ; in Zey- lanicum rarely so many ; spathes (in both) two, ofan ovate, conic form, with many soft filaments mixed amongst the flowers. Flowers sessile, large, tube green ; border very ~ palerose, almost white, faintly fragrant, particularly when they first expand soon after sunset. In Zeylanicum they arescarcely so large, and the colours aremuch more bright, almost like Amaryllis vittata. Corol ; tube declinate, cy- r lindric,obscurely three-sided, about four inches long. Bor- der campanulate, horizontal ; segments lanceolar, with ra= — ther soft, subulate points; length between three and — four inches. Filaments six, shorter than the segments of the border of the corol, inserted on the mouth of the tube, declinate, with apices sharp, and always erect. Anthers — falcate, incumbent and tremulous, pale yellowish grey. — In Zeylanicum they are brown. Germ inferior, oblong, three-celled, with several ovula in each, attached in two — vertical rows, to the two lobes of the thick fleshy recep- Crinum. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 139 > tatles, which are substantially united to the wall of the germ, and only seemingly so to each other in the centre. C. Zeylanicum and our other Indian Crinums have exact- ly the same germ, and all produce large bulbous seeds, Style filiform, declinate, projecting beyond the stamina. Stigma small, three-toothed. Pericarpium ; berry, as in the plants quoted in the last paragraph, a soft some- * what fleshy perishable envelope which covers one, two, or three, rarely more large, fleshy, bulbiform seeds; no ~ trace of either partitions or stutures to be found. 13. C. zeylanicum. sp. pl. 321. Syst. veg. Murr. 318, &c. Bulbs ovate, stemless, Spathes many, from ten to twelve flowered. Flowers sessile, declinate with a long recurved tube, and oblique, campanulate border. Leaves linear- lanceolate, keeled, much waved, drooping ; margins smooth, , Beng. Sookh durshun. Tulipa Javanica. Rump. Amb. 5. t. 105. Amaryllis lineata. Lamarck Encycl. 1. 128. A. zeylanica. Willd. 2. 56. A. ornata. Bot. Mag. 1171. Grows wild on low, rich, uncultivated ground, and ge- nerally on the banks of rivers and water courses, Flow- "ers first in May, and continues doing so during the rainy season. ones Spathes two-leaved with linear membranaceous brac- ~ tes amongst the flowers. Corol ; tube very long, recurv- ed. Berries aud seeds exactly as in the other species. Note. When the plant is suffered to remain some years in the same place, it multiplies so much, as to throw the bulbs nearly even with the surface of the earth, and then — they appear to have stems, which are formed by the con- - centric sheathes of the leaves, as in the more pees cau- lescent species. Date asi! ps Crinum giganteum, Andrew's Bot. Rep. 169, has . ip. ce R2 140 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Amaryliis, been introduced from the Mauritius, into the Botanic Gar- | den at Calcutta, where it grows luxuriantly, and blossoms ~ with the other species, in May, and during the rains. It has almost the exact flowers of my C. latifolium, with | nearly the leaves of this species, only rather longer, and narrower, margins more waved as in Amaryllis spectabilis, N. 390. of the same work, curled, and scabrous ; in Zeyla- nicum they are smooth. 14. C. moluccanum. R. Bulbs spherical; stemless, Spathes from four to six- — flowered; flowers sessile, declinate ; tube recurved, equalling the lanceolar segments of the border, Leaves linear-lanceolate, waved, reclinate ; margins scabrous, — This most elegant, rather small species, was introduc- ed from Amboyna, into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta in 1798, where it blossoms during the rainy season, ge- nerally in July and August, | AMARYLLIS. Schreb. gen. n. 554. 2 Zs Corol hexapetala, irregular. Filaments from Fre mouth of the tube, declinate, upeanalt in proportion, or direction. : 1. A. radiata. Willd. 2. 60. eee ; Spathe two-parted, many-flowered. Flowers pedicel-— led ; tube short ; divisions of the border unilateral, linear, waved, revolute. Stamina and style ascending, longer than the corol. pe Chin. Yuk-lan. es , A native of China, blossoming during the rainy season . in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta. 2. A. aurea, Willd. 2. 57. Bot. Mag. 409, | Spathe from six to eight flowered ; flowers short-pedi- Allium. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 141 _ celled, declinate ; segments of the border linear, revolute, and waved. Leaves linear. A native of China ; from thence introduced into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where it blossoms about the close of the rainy season, ALLIUM. Schreb. gen. n. 557. Spathe many-flowered. Umbels collected. Corol six- petalled, expanding. Capsules superior, three-celled. 1. tuberosum, R. Root tuberous. Scape naked, nearly round, having only a ridge on one side. Leaves linear, flat. Umbels fas- tigiate ; capsule-bearing, : Beng. Bunga-gundeena. This plant I find cultivated about Calcutta by the Hin- doos, yet [cannot well reconcile it with any species hi- ‘therto described. It grows in large tufts, like A. schoeno- prasum, or Cives. Root tuberous, perennial, with numerous long, white, fleshy fibres. Leaves radical, united for an inch or two, by means of their sheathes, into something like a short stem, above thesheathes they are linear, somewhat twisted,a lit- tle concave on the upper side, and convex underneath, smooth, about halfthe length of the scapes. Scapes naked, rising amongst the leaves, suberect, round, with a pretty sharp ridge on one side, tapering from the base. Umbel fastigiate, crowded. Spathe single, membranaceous, wi- thering. Petals oblong, acute. Stamens equal, simple, shorter than the petals. The Hindoos use it as an article of diet as leeks are used in Europe, and other countries. 9 Perens: Willd. 2. GA. poe poate bie Umbel Se Stamens three-point ee 142 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ° Allium. Beng. Gundeena. Pers. Gundana. Arab. Koomass, 3. A. sativum, Willd. 2. 68. — Stem flat-leaved. Umbel bulbiferous. Bulb compound. Stamens three-pointed. . Sans. Lusoona, Mahoushwdha, &c. Beng. Lusoon, but generally pronounced Rusoon. Pers. Seer. 4. A. cepa. Willd. 2. 80. Scape naked, gibbous near the base, longer than the colummar leaves. Arab. Besel, or Bassul. 5. A. ascalonicum: Willd. 2. 75. te Biennial. Scape naked, round, a little swelled below, and longer than the sub-columnar leaves. Umbels round, ig many-flowered, Stamens alternately swelled at the base. Petals equal, expanding, shorter than the stamens, = ,_—| Beng. Peeaj. Sans. Pulandoo, Fe This very useful onion, is much cultivated in India during the latter part of the rains, and the cool, dry — months of October, November, December, January, an February, by planting the smaller bulbs, and offsets, or by the seed. The dry roots are universally sold in every — market over India, and form a very considerable partof the diet of the natives. The general price in Calcuttais _ : : about two shillings the hundred weight. Root biennial, or more, consisting ofa fascicle of seve- . ralovate oblong bulbs, generally (as found in the markets,) about as large as the first joint of the middle finger, Leaves — somewhat bifarious, fistulous, more than semicylindrical, tapering, pointed, compressed toward the apex, smooth’ 7 Curculigo. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 143. and shorter than the scapes. Scapes rising from the cen- tre of the short stem formed by the united sheathes of the leaves, naked, round, smooth, slightly swelled towards the base and from thence tapering to the umbel, from one to two feet long. Sheathes shorter than the umbel, irregularly bursting into two or three subovate segments. Umbels globular, as much as two bundred-flowered. Flow- ers like those of the common onion, (Cepa.) Petals equal, expanding, shorter than the stamens, white, with agreen keel. Filaments erect, alternately dilated at the base. Anthers ovate, green. GLORIOSA. Schreb. gen. n. 561. Calyx none. — Corol six-petalled reflex. Germ supe- rior, three-celled. Cells many-seeded, attachment cen- tral. Style oblique. Capsule three-celled, three-valved. Seeds several. Embryo double, furnished with a peris- perm. 1. G. superba. Willd. 2. 95. Root bulbous, biennial. Siem herbaceous, Leaves lan- ceolate, ending in a tendril, Mendoni. Rheed. Mal. 7. t. 57, Hind. Cariari. . Kar hCard Beng. Ulat-chandal. Eesha langula, _ Native of forests of India ; it appears during the rainy — season in Bengal, and is one of the most ornamental plants — any country can boast of; the root is said to be a violent Poison, CURCULIGO. Gort. Calyx none. Corol superior, pedicelled or sessile ;_ border six-parted. Germ three-celled, Cells many-seeded ; ws attachment central. Capsule veined, one.three-celled: 144 _ ‘'HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. - Curculigo. — Seeds few. Embryo cylindrical, radicle centripetal ; peris- perm arople. 1.C. orchioides, Geert. Sem. 1. 68. Willd. 2. 105. Corom. pli. n. 18. Polygamous. Leaves linear-lanceolar, plaited ; apices viviparous. Corol long-pedicelled. 4 Nela pana kelangu. Rheed. Mal. 12. t. 59. good. Or- — -chis amboinica major. Rumph, Amb. 6. t.54,f.1. - ‘Teling. Nanla, Tadee. 3 A native of shady, uncultivated places about Samul- 7 cota, though by no means common ; in my garden ite flowers all the year round. ee Root perennial, tuberous, with many fleshy, vermicu- i lar, fibres spreading in all directions. Stem none, Leaves — numerous, radical, petioled, narrow-lanceolar, nerved, . slender, when young there are a very few soft white hairs on them ; from six to eighteen inches long, and from half an inch to an inch broad, their apices are viviparous, whenever they rest on the ground for any length of time. Petiols channelled, below sheathing, so as to embrace those within. Racemes solitary, axillary, two-ranked, with their apices just appearing above the earth. Pedun- — cles compressed, clavate, about an inch long. Bractes one-flowered, below remote, above nearer, spathiform pointed, decreasing in length towards the top, so thatthe ‘ apices of the whole are nearly horizontal, (corymbiform). Flowers pretty large, yellow, the one or two lowermost — are HERMAPHRODITE, above, all are male, ge : HerMaruropits. Calyx none. Corol one- petal 2 the border elevated above the soil on a long, slender, vil- lous imperforated pedicel ; segments of the border six, lan- ceolate, spreading, hairy on the outside. Filaments six, very short, inserted on the base of the segments of the bor- der of the corol. Anthers linear, erect. Germ inferior, ses-_ sile, lanceolate, three-celled, with several ovula in each, Curculige. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 145 attached to the axis. Style very short. Stigma large, tapering, apex more or less three-cleft. Capsule, when a germ, it shows three-cells, with the rudiments of six or eight seeds in each, bit when the seeds are ripe, the num- ber is only from one to four in the whole, and they seem as if in a transparent, fleshy, one-celled capsule, separat- ed by a spongy substance. Seeds from one to four, shin- ing black, beaked. Male peduncle, corol, and stamens as in the hermaphrodite ; no germ, style, or stigma. Noite. Itisa plant of no great beauty, nor are its flow- ers fragrant ; variety alone must sprommend it to a place in the Flower Garden, 2. C. recurvata. R. Leaves lanceolar, plaited. Raceme globular, recurved. Corol sessile, rotate. ene bacciform, round, many- seeded. It is a native of the eastern frontier of Seacai Siva thence received into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta,where it blossoms, and ripens its seed the whole year round. . Root perennial, consisting of many fleshy fibres proceed- ing from a tuberous, stoloniferous body. Stem none. Leaves Yadical, petioled, lanceolar, recurved, plaited, entire, Smooth on both sides, from one to three feet long, and from two to six inches broad. Petioles deeply channelled, ®ne-third, or one-fourth the length of the leaves. Scapes axillary, about as long as the petioles, compressed, Nillous, apex recurved... Racemes solitary, strobiliform drooping. Bractes spathiform, solitary, singly one-flower- ed, villous, tapering, about as long as the pedicells and flowers taken together. Flowers hermaphrodite, yellow, €xpanding three quarters of aninch, Calyx none. Corol. Superior, sessile, rotate, six-parted. Segments lanceolate, Spreading, villous on the outside, smooth and yellow, on the inner persistent, Filament short, inserted on the 146 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Curculigo. short tube of the corol. Anthers linear, erect, adhering | to each other as in the syngenesious tribe. Germ obo- vate, hairy, three-celled, with many ovula in each, at- tached to the axis. Style longer than thestamens. Stigma dilated, subtrilobate. Capsule berried, inferior, ovate, the size of a large pea, soft, and clothed with hairs, not opening, three-celled with several seeds in each, arranged in two or three vertical rows, and attached to the axis, Seeds round, the size of a small grain of black pepper, and like it black, and wrinkled. Inéeguments two; exterior | hard, thick, red, and brittle; inner, a brown membranace- ous crust. Perisperm contorm to the seed, cartilaginous, pale blue. Embryo simple, cylindric, straight, penetrat- ing from the umbilicus more than half through the peris- perm, (centripetal.) _. 3. C. sumatrana, R. : Leaves broad-lanceolar, plaited. Spike half hid in the earth. Corol pedicelled. Stigma three-lobed. Involucrum, Rumph. Amb. 6. 114. €. 53. A native of the mountains of Sumatra, and from thence — sent by Dr. Campbell to this ‘Garden in 1800, ‘where . blossoms in March and April. - Root stoloniferous, perennial. Stem none. Leaves radi- cal, few, petioled, lanceolar, recurved, plaited, above smooth, somewhat woody underneath, entire, about nine inches long, and about three broad. Petioles deep- oo ly channelled, from three to four inches long, smooth. Spikes strobiliform, mostly hid in the earth, the points of the bractes, and flowers only are visible. Bracies ovate- lanceolate, hairy, one-flowered, shorter than the pedicels of the corols. Flowers yellow, the lower hermaphrodite, while those that occupy the crown of the spike, and of course expand last, are generally male. Calyx none — Corol flat, elevated above the germ, on anerect, hairy — columnar pedicel; segments six, lanceolate, united at the Scilla. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 147 base, withering. Filaments six, short, inserted on the unit- ed segments of the corol, §Anthers erect. Germ flask- shaped, villous, three-celled, with many ovula in each, at- tached to the axis. Style crooked, shorter than the petals, Stigma enlarged with three small lobes. = SCILLA. Schreb. gen. n. 567. Calyx none. Corol six-petalled, spreading, deciduous. Filaments filiform. 1. S. indica. R. Bulb tunicated. Leaves narrow and taney from the base. Racemes simple, longer than the leaves. Flowers remote, solitary, long-pedicelled, drooping. _ A native of the sandy shores of various parts of India. Flowering time the month of March and April. Root a round, white, perennial, tunicated bulb, about the size of a large apple.. Leaves numerous, radical, sub- bifarious, ensiform, nearly flat, smooth on both sides, from six to eighteen inches long. When in blossom the plant is perfectly destitute of leaves. Scape erect, round, smooth, naked; including the raceme from two to three feet long. Raceme very long, erect. Flowers remote, long-pedicelled, drooping. The taste of the root is fully as nauseons, and bitter as that of Scilla maritima, and may be possessed of the Same qualities. _ 2. S. coromandeliana, R. | Leaves linear, rather acute, deeply channelled. Ra- cemes erect, longer than the leaves, bearing from four to eight, remote, long-pedicelled, drooping flowers. Inner Petals straight, and bearded at top, A native of the sand hills of the Coast of Coromandel. Ih the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, it blessopne 3 in ‘May, 5s ths 148 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Asphodelus, at which period the plant is perfectly destitute of leaves, nothing but the straight very slender scape, and raceme’ is to be seen. Root a round, tunicated, erential; greenish-white bulb, of about an inch and a half in diameter. In tasteit is: exceedingly nauseous, and bitter, and is in India some- times used as a substitute for the oflicinal squill. Scilla maritima. Leaves linear, rather acute, smooth, deeply channeled ; generally six or eight inches long, and less than half an inch broad, even when spread flat, Scape straight, erect, naked, smooth, and slender ; whole height, raceme included, from twelve to eighteen inches; and not thicker than a crow quill. Flowers from four to eight, re- mote, long-pedicelled, drooping, colour a mixture of dull green, and still duller white, with a slight purple tinge. Bractes small, caducous. Petal oblong, and nearly of the same size, the inner tliree with bearded apices. Fi- laments six, equal, inserted on the base of the petals, clavate. Germ ovate-oblong. Style a three-sided, in- verted cone, with a triangular opening at top, for the stig- ma, ASPHODELUS. Schreb. gen. n. 569, Corol six-parted. Nectary six-valves covering ie ge nitals. 4 1.A. clavatus. R. a Annual. Stem naked, ramous, Leaves erect, stexieiah ae cylindric, fistulous. Filaments clavate above their nec- tarial ciliate base, A native of the interior parts of Bengal, where it ap- pears to blossom, and ripen its seed during the cold sea- son, It seems, from the descriptions and aiueted in my pos- session of A, Jistulosus to be very nearly allied to it, Io Anthericum. | HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. De this the leaves are perfectly straight, and upright, taper- ing to along fine point, and as completely fistulous as in the Onion. The filaments are nearly of equal lengths, and as much contracted inimediately above their ex- panded ciliate base, and swell much toward the apex. The petals are white, witha brown line along the centre, ANTHERICUM. Schreb. gen. n. 570. Calyx none. Corol beneath, six-petalled, expanding. Capsule ovate. 1. A. uniflorum. R. Bulb ovate. Scape simple, straight, one-flowered. Leaves linear, channelled ; stamina smooth. Style scarcely any. Stigma three-cleft. A native of Rohilkhund, from thence introduced into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, by Mr. A, Gott, where it blossoms during the cold season. Bulb ovate, from its base spring many fleshy fibres, some of which support a pendulous oval tuber. Leaves two, from the crowh of the bulb, and generally two, remote from each other, on the lower half of the scape; all are linear, channelled, equalling in height the scape itself, Scape erect, round, smooth, about a foot high, supporting on its apex one, large, pure white flower, Petals broad-« lanceolate, spreading. Filaments short, broad, and smooth. Anthers linear, erect. Germ oblong, obtusely three-sided. Style scarcely any. Stigma three-cleft ; lobes recurved. 2. A. tuberosum. Root tuberous. Ane radical, waved. Scape ending in an oblong panicle. All the stamens subulate. Sans. Chitra, also Vrishna, Teling, Kushellee. A native of the moist vallies up amongst the Circar = mountains, - Flowering time the = Season. — _ 150 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Asparagus.. Root perennial, consisting of many, fleshy, round fibres ending in small, oblong tubers. Zeaves radical, ma- ny, ensiform, margins. waved, smooth, from one to two feet long ; and from twoto four inches broad., Scapes round, smooth, naked, from one to three feet long. Pani= cles oblong, erect. Flowers numerous, sub-erect, pure white, about the size and appearance of the snow-drop. Filaments equal, simple, short, ascending. Anthers lineat,, erect. Style ascending, projecting rather beyond the an- thers. Stigmalobed. Capsule three-sided. I have had many of the plants in my garden for seves ral years ; they are very beautiful when in blossom, and have a long succession of flowers. ASPARAGUS. Schreb. gen. n. 573. Calyx none. Corol beneath, six-petalled. Germ supe-— rior, three-celled ; cells few-seeded ; attachment interior: Berry three-celled, one or two-seeded. Embryo ser- pentine, transverse, on the exterior side of an ample pe-— risperm, opposite to the umbilicus. 41. A. officinalis. Willd. 2. 150. a Stems herbaceous, columnar, erect. Leaves bristly- Stipules in pairs. Pers. and Hind, Nak-doun, Beng. Hilyoon. Arab, Hulyoon. Found as in Europe, in a cultivated state only. 2. A. acerosus, R.- 2 Herbaceous, erect. Thorns solitary, recurved. Leaves three-fold, three-sided, acute, polished, permanent. Ra- cemes lateral. A native of the interior parts of Bengal. _ Flowering ia Asparagus. .HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 151 time the close of the rains, and the beginning of the cold season ; seed ripe in December. Root perennial, composed of many, fusiform, succulent: tubers. Stems erect, flexuous, round. Branches numer- ous, alternate, expanding, when old round, while young angular. Bark smooth, and green on the young parts; on the old, a little ferruginous. Thorns solitary, under the branches ; branchlets and leaves, recurved, strong,and sharp. Leaves three-fold, acerose, three-sided, polished, acute. Stipules solitary; between the three leaves, branch, orbranchlet and thorn triangular, scariose, permanent. Ra- cemes lateral, generally solitary, simple, and short. Flow- ers pure white, delightfully fragrant. Petals equal, at first expanding, afterwards recurvate. Filaments five, in- curved, inserted on the petals considerably above their insertion, and shorter than them. Germ three-lobed. Style short, Stigma three-cleft, with lobes recurved. Berry nearly round, about the size of a pea, rarely more than one of the lobes of the germ comes to maturity, and in that Case it is enlarged a little on one side, with the two abor- tive lobes, smooth, when ripe red, one-celled. Seed sin- gle, spherical, attached to the axis, which is now on one side by the abortion of two of the lobes of the germ, In- tegument, a single lucid, somewhat dotted, black crust, adhering firmly to the perisperm. Perisperm conform to the seed, horny, greenish-white. Embryo slender, e- qually thick on every part, white, arched in a large semi- circle round the circumference of the seed most remote from the umbilicus, A charming shrub, and easily distinguished by its ace- rose three-fold, three-sided, polished, acute, permanent leaves, _ 8. A. racemosus, Ed. sp. Willd. 2, 152. yin. oe —— scandent. Thorns solitary, recurved: as wv 152 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Asparagus, fascicled, incurved, channelled on the back. Racemes :% thorn-axillary over the ligneous branchlets. Sans. Suta-moolee. Hind. Sada-bori. Beng. Sut-mooli. A native of various parts of India. Flowering time the cold season, when it perfumes the air to a consider. able distance with the delightful fragrance ofits flowers ; seeds ripe in March. Root consisting of many, fusiform, smooth, perennial tubers. Stems scandent, slender, woody smooth ; young shoots striated. Thorns solitary, recurved, short, strong and sharp. Leaves fascicled, filiform, incurved, three- sided. Racemes generally simple,often crowded together ; in the axills of the thorns, over the slender woody branchlets. Bractes cordate, and scariose, several ¥ about the base of the raceme, they are one-flowered. Pedicelis diverging, jointed at the middle, one-flower- ed. Flowers very numerous, small, pure white. Petals oblong, reflexed. Filaments incurved, rather shorter. than the petals. Anthers purple. Germ superior, three- lobed, thrée-celled, each containing about four ovula, at- tached to the axis. Style short. Stigma three-cleft. Berry three-lobed, two are generally small, and abortive; _ : when ripe red, and covered with a small portion of pulp. Seeds solitary, black. Embryo transverse, and curved in — a serpentine manner in the back of an ample, hard perise perm, nearly opposite to the umbilicus. i 4. A. curillus. Buch. _ Herbaceous, leaning. Thorns solitary, recurved. Leaves tern, three-sided, acute, incurved. Racemes la- teral, few-flowered. Flowers long-pedicelled. Petals cuneiform, expanding. A native of Nepal, from whence Dr, Buchanan sent seeds thereof to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where it Asparagus. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 153 about two years, the plants blossomed in July for the first time, and continue so to do, and to ripen their seeds in January. Root perennial. Stems weak, diffuse, leaning much, er scandent in a favorable soil and supported ; flexuose, round and smooth, very ramous. Branches expanding, angular, Thorns solitary, recurved, acute, Leaves tern, three-sided, incurvate, acute, smooth, tapering toward both sides. Racemes lateral, and generally one on each side of a small branchlet, short, bearing a few, remote, long-pedicelled, small white flowers. Pedicels jointed, swelled, and bracted at the middle. Bractes tapering, _membranaceous, two at the base of each pedicel, and one at or near the middle. Filaments inserted on the pe- tals above the base, incurved. Germ turbinate. Style, short. Stigma of three, recurved lobes, Berry, size of a pea, three-lobed, when ripe red, 5. A. adscendens. R. . Herbaceous, erect. Thorns solitary, straight. Leaves fascicled, cylindric, straight. Racemes lateral, simple or compound. Berries pendulous. i This very elegant species, is a native of Rohilkhund ; from thence Mr. A. Gott sent seeds to the Botanic Gar- den at Calcutta in 1804; and in November 1807, the Plants began to blossom, and ripened their seeds in Fe- bruary. Root perennial. Stems round, and slender, yet in ge- neral nearly straight and erect. Bark smooth, ash-co- loured. Branches round, diverging, with their extremi- ties ascending. Thorns solitary, straight, slender, and acute. Leaves numerous, fascicled, cylindric, filiform, Smooth, permanent. Racemes lateral, at the insertions of the branches and branchlets, solitary, or one on each Side, the former, often compound. Flowers small, pure white, supported on diverging, slender, jointed pedicels. 154 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Flagellaria. — Petals six, distinct at the base, oblong, first expanding, I afterwards reflexed. Germ turbinate, three-lobed, three: _ celled, with about six seeds in each, in two vertical rows. | Style three-grooved. Stigma three-cleft. Berry pendulous, — size of a pea, three-lobed ;andas I have constantly remark- 4 ed that two of the lobes are abortive, its shape is oblique- | ly obovate, smooth, when ripe red, and succulent. Seed — ‘single, round, attached to the axis, which is now much ~ to one side, by the abortion of two of the lobes of the | -germ. Integument single, lucid, black. Perisperm con- — form to the seed, pure white, cartilaginous, ss ser- pentine, lateral. s FLAGELLARIA. Schreb. gen. n. 614. a - Calyx three-leaved. Corol three-petalled. Germ su- — perior, three-celled. Cells one-seeded, attachment sa- perior, Berry superior, one-seeded. Embryo in * a base of the petisperm, 2 F. ected Willd. 2. 263. Teling. Poindee-pootee. in Beng. Bun-chunda. 4 Hind. Harcharrul. Panambu-valli. Rheed. Mal. 7. t. 53. Sirioides. Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 29. f. 1. i A long, straggling, scandent, perennial plant; a na- tive of forests. Flowers during the beginning of the rains in June, ghee Calyx three-leaved ; leaflets unequal, one or two be- ing broader, and emarginate. Petals three, oblong, al- ternate with the leaflets of the calyx, and of nearly the same size. Anthers linear, cleft at each end. Germ st- perior, three-celled, one oyula in each, attached to the top of the axis, Styles three, shorter than the stamens: Stigma simple. Berry globular, size of a large pea, - Dracena. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 155 smooth, red, pulpy, generally one-seeded, though there is always the rudiments. of three. e DRACZENA. Shreb. gen. n. 574. Calyx none. Corol six-parted, erect. Filaments some- what thicker in the middle. Germ superior, three-celled, cells one-seeded ; attachment interior. Berry three-lobed, with one seed in each (generally one or two of the lobes abortive.) Embryo near the base of the perisperm en the outside. 1. D. angustifolia. R. Shrubby. Leaves stem-clasping, linear, acute, droop- ing, waved, smooth. Panicle terminal, flowers fasci- cled. en ; Terminalis angustifolia. Rumph. Amb. 4. ¢,35 A native of Amboyna, and from thence introduced in- — to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta in 1798, Flowering time in Bengal, the hot season; seed ripe in September and October. Root ramous. Stem erect, as thick as a stout walking cane ; ramous, marked with the oblique cicatrices of the - fallen leaves ; whole height, when in blossom, eight or ten feet. Leaves crowded about the top of the plant, stem-clasping, linear, acute, drooping ; margins waved, entire, smooth on both sides; from Secs to eighteen _ inches long, and under two in breadth. Panicles termi- nal” ovate, composed of many somewhat ascending, compound branches. Flowers numerous, fascicled, pe- dicelled, greenish white. Bractes small, from one to four- flowered. Calyx none. Corol one-petalled, permanent, ~ Subcylindric, half six-parted, divisions linear, on the day of expansion revolute, Filaments six, rather shorter than. the corol, inserted on the middle of the base of its s divi- —Sions. Anthers incumbent. Germ superior, | three. T2 156 HEXANDRIA MONOUYNIA, Dracena. Style length of the corol. Stigma three-lobed. Berry from one to three-lofted, pulpy, deep. orange colour, each lobe the size of a marrow-fat pea, containing ~ one, large, round, horny seed. 2. D. ferrea. Willd. 2. p. 157. Perennial, caulescent, erect. Leaves petioled, lanceo- — late, cuspidate, ferruginous- Petioles stem-clasping, and channelled. Panicle terminal. = oe Terminalis rubra. Rumph. Amb. 4. p. 80. t. 34, f. 2. A native of China. In Bengal it blossoms from De- cember until March, but never produces seed. _ Stem erect, often as thick as a man’s wrist, with few, erect, perennial, round branches marked with the cica-. trices of the fallen leaves, height of the plantsin Bengal, when eight or ten years old, from six to ten feet. Leaves sub-bifarious, petioled, lanceolate, cuspidate, entire, smocth on both sides ; while young a lively pink, chang- ing to a deep ferruginous colour, particularly on the up- per surface ; from one to two feet long. Petioles stem- clasping, deeply channelled, from three to six inches long. Panicle terminal, composed of several, generally simple, diverging racemes. Bractes three-fold, triangu- lar, acute. Flowers numerous, short-pedicelled, diverg- ing, pale purple. Calyx none. Corol one-petalled. Tube short, and somewhat gibbous. Border of six, oblong, spreading segments ; the exterior three deeper coloured. Filaments rather shorter than the segments of the corol, and inserted on their base, at the mouth of the tube. Germ three-celled, in each many ovula in two vertical rows, attached to the axis. Style as long as the sta- mens. Stigma three-cleft, | Note. In Bengal this has not ripened its fruit. 3. D. terminalis. Willd. 2, 157. Perennial, caulescent, erect. Leaves lanceolate. Terminalis alba, Rumph, Amb, 4, p. 80. t, 34. f.3. 2 Dracena, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 157 A native of the Moluccas, Flowers about the beginning of the hot season in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta. 4. D. spicata. R. Caulescent. Leaves lanceolate, drooping. Spikes ter- minal, bractes:-many-flowered. Corol cylindric, at last becoming twisted. Stigma three-lobed. A native of Chittagong, and from thence introduced into this Garden by Dr. Buchanan, where it blossoms in April. | Root fibrous. Stem erect, toward the top succulent, perennial, marked with the cicatrices of the fallen leaves, as in the other Dracaena. Leaves crowded about the extremity of the plant, sheathing, lanceolate, drooping, entire, pointed; smooth on both sides ; from six to twelve inches long, and two or three broad. Spi. terminal, bent a little to one side ; humerous pointed, | curved bractes surround the base, and a few shorter, ap- pressed ones from thence to the flower-bearing position. Flowers numerous, sessile, collected in small fascicles, each fascicle having a small, cordate, pointed bracte immediately under it, Calyx none. Corol one-petalled, cylindric, divided half way down into three exterior, and three interior slender, linear, equal, straight segments ; colour pale greenish yellow, as they advance in age the tube becomes twisted. Filaments inserted on the base of — the segments of the corol, and of their length, Stigma . three-lobed. Berry with from one to three, distinct, round, and smooth lobes ; while immature, a deep olive green, when ripe, deep reddish orange ; each lobe contain- ing a single, large, round, smooth, white, horny seed. 5. D. maculata. R. Caulescent, shrubby, weak. Leaves oblong, ‘| broad- 3 oe » spotted, Panicles, terminal, lax ; ; flowers 50> tary, 158 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Dracena, A slender, leaning, shrubby species, from three to four feet in height, a native of Sumatra, from thence in- troduced, by the late Dr. C. Campbell into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where it flowers during the hot months of March and April. The variegation of the co- lour of the leaves makes it interesting and ornamental. Stems tending to be erect, but from their weak texture, — ’ Jeaning much to one side. Branches few, and like the stems ; general height of five year old plants, from three to four feet. Leaves alternate, approximate, sheathing, from lanceolar to oblong, entire, smooth, strongly mark- ed with circular spots of a deeper, or lighter yellow; from four to eight inches long, and from one to three broad. Panicles (in stunted plants racemes) terminal; thin, smooth, variously bent. Flowers scattered, pedi- celled, pretty large, pale greenish yellow. Bractes soli- tary, ensiform, one, rarely two-flowered. Corol ; tube gibbous ; border six-parted ; segments linear, length of the tube. Filaments six, inserted on the base of the seg- ments of the border of the corol and of their length. An- thers incumbent. Germ superior, obovate, three-celled, with one ovulain each, attached to the axis below its middle. Style length of the corol. Stigma composed of three, roundish, beautiful granulated lobes. 6. D, cernua. Willd. 2, 157: ‘Subarboreous. Leaves crowded, sessile, varie Jae ceolar, fine-pointed. Panicles terminal, drooping; bran- ches few, divaricate. Flowers solitary. ; ‘ Found by Colonel Hardwicke on the Island of Mau- . ritius, in flower in August and September. oe 7.D.umbraculifera, Willd. 2. 156. Subarboreous. Leaves cuneiform-lanceolar (that is, ta- per most toward the base,) acute. Panicles terminal, sessile, short, with the ramifications and flowers diverg- ing- : 2 Dracena. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 159 Found by Colonel Hardwicke at the Mauritius; in flower in July and August. 8. D. terniflora. R. Shrubby, erect. Leaves lanceolar, petioled. Raceme terminal, often panicled ; flowers tern, pedicelled. Bunamtol, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is indigenous amongst the hills which bound that province to the north ; there it grows to the height of about eight feet, flowering in February. The seeds take nearly one year to ripen, aids Stems slender, nearly erect. Branches few and weak. Leaves about the extremities of the branches, alternate, approximate, petioled, lanceolar, acuminate, perfectly smooth on both sides, and ofa fine texture, slightly marked with many, very fine, scarcely conspicuous, pa- _ rallel veins, from six to twelve inches long, and, the petiole included, two or three broad. Petioles from one to three inches long, stem-clasping, &c. as in the genus. Racemes terminal, solitary, rising, curved, often more or less compound, sometimes panicled, nearly as long asthe leaves, every part smooth. Flowers always in threes, pedicelled, delicately slender, colour pale green- ish-white. Pedicels slender, jointed near the middle, the part below the joint more permanent, and longer than the bractes. | Bractes an exterior, three-flowered, ovate one, and a smaller within it, to each pedicel ; all de- licately thin, membranaceous and white. Calyx none, _ Corol funnel-shaped ; segments of the border six, linear, longer than the tube, withering, and becoming spiral. Filaments six, from the mouth of the tube, length of the Segments. Anthers incumbent. Germ superior, oyal, three-lobed, three-celled, with one ovula in each, at- tached to the lower end of the axis. Style longer than the corol. Stigma three-lobed. Berries rarely more than One of the three lobes of the germ comes to matt urity : Pee 160 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Sanseviera. when it is about the size, and appearance ofa fine red cherry. Seed solitary, conform to the berry, perisperm conform to the seed, horny, as in the palms. Embryo sim- ple, lodged in the base of the perisperm on the outside. 9. D. atropurpurea. R. Shrubby, erect. Leaves lanceolar, acuminate, (highly coloured.) Panicles terminal ; branches few, long, simple, and diverging ; flowers solitary. Lall Bun-amtol, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is found wild in the forests, growing to be a tall, scan- tily branched, caulescent species, with dark purple leaves and inflorescence of from six to eight feet in height ; flow- ering in March and April, and the berries ripening the January following. Leaves about the ends of the branchlets, short-petioled, lanceolar, acuminate, polished, striated lengthways with innumerable, fine, parallel veins, colour an enchanting, rather dark ferruginous purple ; from six to eight inches. long, by one to two broad. _Panicles terminal, solitary, composed of a few, long, diverging branches toward the base, length of the leaves, colour purple, and particular- ly dark when young. Flowers solitary, on jointed pedi- cels ; the part below the joint permanent, and shorter thin the bractes. Bractes two to each pedicel ; one ex- terior and larger than the other, inserted on the base of the pedicel laterally, and smaller. Corol, stamina, pistil- lum, and berries, as in the genus. SANSEVIERA. Thunb. prod. Calyx none. Corol six-parted, with the stamina insert- ed on their base. Germ superior, three-celled. Cells one~_ seeded ; attachment interior, Berries from one. to three, united, one-seeded, # Le ‘Sanseviera. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 161 S. zeylanica. Willd. 2. 159. Corom. pl. 2. N. 184. Stemless. Leaves linear, fleshy, concave, cuspidate, Racemes as long as the leaves ; flowers fascicled. Ber- ries drooping, their lobes globular, and slightly united. Sung. Moorva, See Asiatick Researches 4. 271. Beng. Moorba, Murahara, Murgalie. -Aletris hyacinthoides zeylanica. Linn. We may call it in English Bow-string — Teling. Ishama-coda nar. Aloe zeylanica pumila, of Plukenet. t. 256. Fig. 5. is no doubt this plant as is also Katu-kapel of Rheed Mala- baricus, vol. 11. page 83. table 42, so that I conclude the plant in the King’s garden at Kew “ Aletris acaulis foliis lanceolatis carnosis, floribus geminatis” to be the Guineen- . sis, the fruit of which has lately been so well described, and figured by Geertner, as to enable me with the more certainty to say that our Indian plant is perfectly dis- tinct. It grows very commonly under bushes, in thin jungle (forests,) in almost every soil. Flowering time the cold and the beginning of the hot season, that is, from the beginning of January till May. Root perennial, stoloniferous, Stolones as thick as the little finger,running under the ground, inserted in sheath- ing scales. Stem none. Leaves radical, from four to eight, the exterior ones shortest, spreading most, and considera- _ bly broader, the interior ones nearly erect, from one to four feet long, semi-cylindric, grooved on the upper side, each ending in a round, tapering, sharp point, they are all co- loured. with deeper and lighter green, and somewhat Striated, but otherwise are smooth. Scapes issuing from the centre of the leaves, from one to two feet long, including the raceme, or flower bearing part, erect, found, smooth, about as thick asa small ratan, between the raceme and the base there are at regular distances, four or five pointed, alternate sheaths, Racemes erect, about as long as, or longer 7 the scape below the flow- 162 -HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA.” Sanseviera, ers, striated, smooth. Flowers middle-sized, greenish white, erect, collected in fascicles of from four to six, on little, regularly distant, tuberosities of the rachis. Bractes small, membranaceous. Pedicles clubbed, short, ascend- ing, one-flowered. Calyx none. Corol one-petalled, not in the least wrinkled, funnel-shaped, half six-cleft ; divisions nearly linear. Filaments length of the divisions of the corol, and inserted into the base. Anthers linear- oblong incumbent, half two-cleft. © Germ three-lobed, three-celled, each containing a single ovula, attached to the axis. Style length of the stamens. Stigma three- sided, clubbed, entire. ‘ Berries one, two or three, slight- ly united ; when single, globular, fleshy, orange-coloured, smooth, the size of a pea, one-seeded. Seed globular. Embryo simple, lodged near the base of the perisperm on’ the outside. OBSERVATIONS. In: a good soil, when the plants are regularly and mo- derately watered, the leaves grow to be from three to four feet long, and contain a number of fine, remarkably strong, white fibres, which run their whole length. The natives make their best bow strings of these fibres. To separate them from the pulpy parts, they lay a single fleshy leaf, on a smooth bit of board, on one end of whic (leaf,) they place one of their great toes, and with a thin bit of hard stick held between the two hands, they serape the leaf from them, and very quickly remove every part. of the pulp, It can also be removed by steeping the leaves in water, till the pulpy parts rot, &c. as is practis- ed with flax, and hemp in Europe, but with me this dis coloured the fibres much, _ About eighty pounds of the fresh weitiiis vuaaet’@ one pound of the clean ie fibres: saci ‘were pliers seta at Pesce Sanseviera. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 163 once from a small bed of the plants which I planted a- bout twelve months before in my own garden. The bed was scarcely three yards square, and the leaves upon an average less than two feet long, owing to my having ga- thered them before they were at their full size. Full grown leaves of three or three and a half feet long yielded in the proportion of one pound of the clean fibres (flax,) for every forty pounds of fresh leaves, for eight pounds of such leaves, yielded me three ounces of clean fibre; hence I conclude that this plant might be cultivated to advantage. For even according to the first mentioned rate, of one pound of the fibres, from a bed of three square yards of the plants, one acre would yield one thousand six hundred and thirteen pounds of the clean flax at a gathering, two of which may be reckoned on yearly, in a good soil, and a favorable season after the, plants are of a proper age, mine being only as yet about twelve months old, which [ imagine is too short a time for them to have acquired sufficient size, and strength, to yield the best and largest proportion of fibre. _ There are certainly a great variety of uses to which these fibres may be applied better than any other sub- Stance yet known. Iam inclined to think that the fine line, called China grass, which is employed for sts lines , fiddle strings, &c. is made of these fibres. | It grows readily from the slips, which issue in great a a- bundance from the roots, requires little or no care, and as they are perennial, would not require renewing often, if at all ; indeed the bed in my garden requires thinning, ‘Some years ago, 1 remember to have seen a bed or two of these plants in Dr, Russell’s garden at Vizagapa- tam, which grew most luxuriantly, more so than mine has done ; which gives reason to think that a rich sandy soil may suit this plant better than our stiffer soil about Samulcota, Should it ever become an_ object. of cul- | of = expensive and more expeditions methe U2 164 -HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Dianella; clearing the fibres from the pulpy parts of the leaves,than that of the natives above mentioned, must be contrived 5 _ for as they now do it, that alone would involve a greaiey _ ‘than every other charge. DIANELLA. Lamarck. Calyx none. Corol six-petalled, the three inner re- * | fracted. Filaments with glandular apices, Anthers per- forated at top. Germ superior, three-celled ; cells few- seeded ; attachment subsuperior. Berry shonetaliadl Seeds few (from one to two, in each cell.) Embryo in the Be apex of an ample perisperm, D. nemorosa. Lamarck, Encyclop. 2. 273. Perennial. Leaves cauline, bifarious, ensiform. Draceena ensifolia. Willd. 2. 158. ) Gladiolus odoratus Indicus, Rumph. Amb. 5, t. 37. In 1800 the roots were sent from Sumatra, where I am. told it is indigenous, to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, by Dr. Campbell, where the plants thrive well, and con- tinue in blossom and seed most part of the year. Root fibrous. Stems perennial, several from the same root, erect, or nearly so, smooth, jointed at the insertion of the leaves, somewhat compressed. In our plants the naked part of the largest is only as thick asa ratan, and two or three inches high, and the height of the whole, about three feet. Leaves cauline, bifari alternate, sheathing, spreading, or a little recurved, sword-shaped, keeled on the back, smooth on both sides; edges most minutely serrulate. Sheathes compressed, embracing the stem edge-ways, as in the Iridee, ScapeS from the centre of the leaves, round, smooth, with two or three very short leaves at nearly equal distances. Panicles terminal, with ramifications ending in small Teta, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 165 umbellets of pedicelled, pale, whitish green, small, ino- dorous, naked flowers. Involucres cordate, spathiform, Calyx none. Petals six, ovate-oblong, exterior three broader, expanding ; inner three refracted, or rigidly bent back. Filaments six, inserted between the petals and germ, broad, and rather short, with their apices incurved, each augmented at the apex with a large yellow gland. Anthers issuing from the forementioned glands, erect, ta pering, with two small. round perforations on the top, for the pollen to escape. Germ superior, nearly round. Style straight, about as long as the stamens. © Stigma small, somewhat three-dentate. Berry three-celled, succulent, size of a large marrow fat pea, smooth, and when ripe, very dark purple. Seeds from one to three in each cell, smooth, black, ovate pointed. I was long inclined to think this a species of Draceena, but the corol, and stamens differ so widely from any other Indian species of that genus I have yet met with, that I thought it would be better to adopt Lamarck’s name, TET A. (R.) _ Calyx none. Corol six-petalled, spreading. Nectary turbinate ; petal-bearing. Anthers sessile, in the mouth of the nectary. Berries from one to three, annem dee T. viridiflora, R. (*.) Found by Dr. Buchanan at Chittagong, oe on the eastern border of the Delta of the Ganges, and introduc- ed by that gentleman into the Botanic Garden at Cal- cutta, where it blossoms in the months of March and April; the seeds ripen in July and August. Root perennial ; from the crown or united bases of the leaves issue many, long fleshy fibres. Stem none. Leaves -" Probably it may belong to Jussien’s natural order 2 166 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA- Polyanthes, radical, petioled, erect, lanceolate, plaited, entire, smooth on both sides, about one foot long. | Scapes so- litary, rising from the centre of the leaves, and about the same length ; lower half destitute of flowers and with . here and there a long, curved, pointed scale. Flowers nu- merous, collected in fascicles over the upper half of the raceme, short-pedicelled, small, deep green, inodorous» Bractes one, two, or three, to each fascicle of flowers 3 ovate, pointed, concave. Petals six, nearly equal, cordate, expanding ina double series, inserted on the outside of the nectary. | Nectary.one-petalled, turbi- nate, quickly contracting into a small, hexangonal mouth through which the stigma, and part of the anthers are seen. Filaments scarcely any. Anthers six, sessile, dis- tinctly two-lobed, inserted round the inside of the mouth of the nectary. . Germ superior, ovate, somewhat three- lobed, three-celled, with two ovula in each, attached to the lower part of the axis, Style short. Stigma large, three-sided, rather within the mouth of the nectary. Ber- ries from one to three come to maturity, obovate, smooth, succulent, dark-bluish-olive colour, the size of a pea. Seeds solitary. The plant is elegant in its foliage, even when destitute of flowers, but much more so when in blossom. ‘The ve- ry uncommon deep green colour of the flowers, makes | it particularly interesting. : POLYANTHES. Schreb. gen. n. 576. Calyx none, Corol funnel-shaped, recurved, equal. Filaments inserted into the mouth of the tube, Germ in the bottom of the corol, P. tuberosa. Willd. 2.164. — Leaves linear, shorter than the scape, Agave. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 167 Amica nocturna. Rumph, Amb. 5. p, 285, t. 98. Hind. Gool shubbo. Beng. Rujunee-gundha, In Gardens only, where both the saad and double varieties blossom all the year, but chiefly during the . rains. ALOE. Schreb. gen. n. 581. Calyx none. Corol erect, with the mouth expanded ; bottom nectar-bearing. Filaments inserted on the recep- tacle. oye perfoliata, Willd. 2. 185, Leaves ensiform, dentate, erect. Flowers racemed, re- flected, cylindric. Kadenaku, vel catevala. Rheed. Mal. 11. t, 3.. Taruni. Asiatick Researches. 4, 272. Sans. Ghrita-koomaree. Beng. Ghrita-koomaree. Hind, Gheekoomar. The gum Elwa. Itis common in gardens throughout India. AGAVE. Schreb. gen. n. 582. _ Calyx none. Corol erect, superior. Filaments longer ; than the corol, erect. | ih Cantula. R. 3 ! | Stemless. Leaves oleate Scape ramous. Tube of the corol contracted at the middle, Stamina much longer than the corol, Style about the same length. Aloe Americana. Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 94. Sans. Kantula, which induces me to think it indigenous. Bilatee-ananas, (i. e. Europe*Pine apple) is the Hindoo name upich seems to imply that this plantis not an ve 168 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Hemerocallis. — of India. Be that as it may, it is now common every — where, In Bengal the plants blossom in May and June, — a when from ten to fifteen years old, and are then from twenty to thirty feet high. 7 a, HEMEROCALLIS. Schreb. gen. n. 58 Calyx none. Corol aie page tube cylindric. «Sta. — mina declinate. 1. H. fulva. Willd. 2. 197. Leaves bifarious, linear, acute, keeled, smooth, Scape — twice the length of the leaves. Stamina ascending, the — : length of the revolute divisions of the corol. It is only, as far as I know, found in our gardens; it may not therefore be a native of India, though known to _ the native gardeners by the Hindoo name Gool nurgus — (Narcissus ). It was introduced by Dr. W. Carey into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta from Dinagpoor, where ifnot indigenous, it may have been carried thither from China, _ its native country through Bootan, ; 2. H. cordata, Thunb. Leaves round-ovate-cordate, many-nerved, acuminate; petioles deeply channelled, with winged margins. From China this elegant plant has been introduced by Mr. W. Kerr, into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta; where it thrives luxuriantly, and blossoms during the latter part of the rains. The leaves are about eight in-— ches long by six broad ; the petioles rather longer than _ the leaves. The racemes about two feet high, bearing about twenty, alternate, large, six inches long, pure white, fragrant flowers, which expends about sun set, - droop i in the morning, . wae Tacca, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 169 ACORUS. Schreb. gen. n. 586. Spadix cylindric, covered with florets. Corol six-pe- talled, naked. Style none. Capsule three-celled, A. calamus, Willd. 2. 199. The point of the scape very long and leafy. Vaembu, Rheed. Mal. 11. t. 48. Sans. Vucha. Beng. Buch, or shwet-buch. Gora-buch. Sweet flag, or Calamus aromaticus. Mat. Med. Iti is common in gardens throughout India, TACCA. Schreb. gen. n. 588. B i sinkipntteds staminiferous. Corol none. Stinthin eailted: Germ inferior, one-celled ; ovula numerous, at- — ‘tached to three equidistant parietal receptacles. Berry “one-celled. Seeds many. Embryo subcentrifugal ; and ‘furnished with a perisperm. ~ 1. 'T. aspera. R. Leaves oblong, entire ; petioles and scapes scabrous. ~ _ Found by Mr. J. R. indigenous in the yallies amongst the hill behind Chittagong; from thence it was intro- . duced into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta where it blos- -Soms during the hot and rainy season, and the seeds ri- ‘pen three or four months after. © Root an oblong, curved tuber, of a middling size, with Wiry fibres fromits sides ; inward colour pale yellow ; pe- rennial. Stem none, or very trifling. Leaves radical, peti- ‘Oled recurvate, oblong, entire, acuminate, smooth, strong- ly marked with parallel veins, and somewhat bullate ; ee from. sight to sixteen tg long, and fron a. = ight : 6 170 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA,. Tacca. broad. Petioles shorter than the leaves, sheathing atthe base, and above that having a groove down the inside, the whole considerably rough,with small visible sharp points. Scapes axillary, solitary, about as long as the petioles, and rough like them, cylindric, direction from erect to di- verging, and often variously bent, Involucre four-leaved, besides many filiform filaments,which are mixed amongst the pedicels. Exterior two leaves of the involucre | stem-clasping, reflexed, broad ovate-lanceolate, finely — acuminate, many-nerved, two or three inches long, and one and ahalf broad. The interior pair much longer, broad- petioled, ascending in the form of a vault over the flowers, z oval-ventricose, many-nerved, smooth and coloured; — length, petioles included, about five inches, and three broad. Flowers from four to eight, long-pedicelled, large, at first nearly erect, but on the second day of expansion drooping, colour, a mixture of greenish purple and yellow; about the same number of very long, filiform, smooth — pendulous bodies are found interspersed among the pedi- cels.. Calyx superior, one-leaved; base bowl-shaped; border consisting of six large coloured segments ; exterior three, rather narrow, more pointed, and less deeply co- loured ; inner three, oblong, obtuse, or emarginate, soon — after expansion becoming completely reflex. Corolno other than the segments of the border of the calyx, which very much resembles one. Filaments (petals of Forster ) six, inserted about the middle of the tube of the calyx, resembling little conic vaults. Anthers on the inside of the exterior wall of the vaults. Germ inferior, clavate, six-ribbed, one-celled, containing numerous ovula, at- — tached to three bifid, parietal receptacles. Style short. Stigma three-lobed; lobes large, coloured, emarginate © on the exterior edge. Berry oblong, fleshy, an inch and ahalf long, and one broad, six sharp-ribbed, crowned with three semilunar marks, the remains of part of the calyx, one-celled, Seeds numerous, attached to three Tacca. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 171 divided parietal receptacles, reniform, ribbed. Integu- ment single, tough, dark brown. 2. T. levis. R. Leaves oblong, entire ; petioles and scapes smooth. Moti? munda, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is indigenous, and from whence it was introduced into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where it blossoms dut- ing the hot, and rainy season. Root a subcylindric, perennial tuberous body furnishing numerous dark brown fibres, which penetrate the soil in every direction. Stem none. Leaves radical, petioled, oblong, acuminate, entire, smooth on both sides; general length about twelve inches, and the breadth five or six. Petioles about as long as the leaves, base sheathing, above the sheathing part cylindric, and slightly grooved on the inside, every part perfectly smooth. Scapes axil- lary, solitary, shorter than the petioles, round, smooth, of adark green purple colour; direction more or less re- curved. Involucre four-leaved ; leaflets equal, and equally disposed crosswise in opposite pairs, sessile, ovate, finely acuminate, smooth, many-nerved, about two inches long, and one broad. Flowers from six to twelve in the umbel, intermixed with many long, filiform filaments, pretty long pedicelled, large, of a dark greenish grey violet co- lour. Calyx one-leaved ; tube or base bowl-shaped, and per- Manent ; border six-parted ; three exterior segments ra-. ther longer, narrower, and more pointed than the inner three, which are broader, all deciduous. Filaments six, inserted into the tube of the calyx near its base, vaulted, with the linear, two-lobed Anthers attached to the innér Side of the vault. Germ inferior, clavate, turbinate, three- sided, six-keeled, one-celled, and containing numerous ovula, attached to three bifid parietal receptacles. Style short. _ Stigma of three rather recurved double Johes,, al- late with the stamina. $2 172 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Tacca. 3. T. pinnatifida. Willd. 2. 200. Forst. gen. N. 35. Leaves pinnatifid. Involucre many-leaved. Tacca littorea. Rumph. Amb, vol. 5. t. 114, table 112 of the same, though quoted for a variety of this by Forster, is an Arum figured and described by me under the name A. campanulatum. Lekin of the inhabitants of the town of Malacca. -Tacca pinnatifolia. Gert. sem, 1. p. 43, t..14. f. 2. A native of the Moluccas, and Malay countries, and from the latter introduced by Dr. Harris, of Madras into the Company’s Botanic Garden at Calcutta in 1800, where it blossoms in June and Juiy, Seeds ripenin Oc- tober, ; Root tuberous, perennial, often as large asa chila’s 8; head, round, and pretty smooth ; with but few slender fibres from its surface, intensely bitter when raw, but yielding a great quantity of beautifully white starch, of which the best flour for confectionary, puddings, &c. is made. Leaves radical, petioled, three-parted; divisions — bi-tri-partite and ultimately pinnatifid, with waved mar-. gins, smooth on both sides, length and breath almost equal, and often two orthree feet each way. Petioles. columnar, slightly grooved, from one to three feet long. Scapes radical, round, tapering, smooth, naked, near- ly twice the length of the petioles, slightly grooved, and striped with darker and paler green. Umbel simple, composed of from ten to forty long-pedicelled, drooping, greenish flowers, intermixed with about as many long; slender, smooth, simple, drooping filaments or bractes.— Tnvolucre from six to twelve leaved ; leaflets lanceolate, recuryate, beautifully marked with pale purple veins. Calyx superior, one-leaved, globose, fleshy, permanent, six-parted ; segments obtuse, incurved, alternately broad-_ er, green, with the margins somewhat purple. Corol none, as I consider what Forster so calls to be the sta- mina. Filaments six, short, with broad, coloured wats; | = Canarina. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 173 gins, inserted on the segments of the calyx; apices white, vaulted inwards over the stigma. Anthers linear, two-lobed, attached to the middle of the vault, with their apices outwards. Germ beneath, turbinate,) six-sided, crowned with three large, hairy, convex, purple glands, one-celled. Seeds many, attached to three equidistant, pa- rietal receptacles. Style short, rising from the centre of the three purple glands, and evidently composed of three united into one. Stigma broad, peltate, composed of three, two-lobed divisions. Pericarp ; berry nearly round, size of a pigeon’s egg, crowned with the withered calyx, and marked with six, protuberant, equidistant, vertical ribs, smooth, when ripe yellow, one-celled. Receptacles asin the germ. Seeds numerous, attached to the three parietal receptacles, as in the germ, oval, or ovate, longitudinally furrowed, light brown, each en- veloped in a small portion of colourless, succulent pulp, which may be termed a complete aril. Integuments two, exterior spongy ; interior a thin, reticulate, white mem- brane. Perisperm conform to the seed, rather succulent while fresh. Embryo minute, and lodged in the end of the perisperm next to the (umbilicus,) subcentrifagal. CANARINA. Schreb. gen. n. 603. Calyx six-leaved. Corol companulate. Stigmas ie Capsule inferior, es con igre peor eee ¢. moluccana. R. | Erect, smooth, Leaves opposite, short-petioled, ovate | oblong, serrate, smooth. Flowers terminal, and axillary. Calyx subpinnatifid. A native of the Moluccas. The specimens seen are re her-. baceous, The number six prevails throughout the flow-. * ae aft; 174 _HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Corypha. CORYPHA. Schreb. gen. n. 1694, _ Spathes many Spadix (terminal) supra-decompound. Preianth three-toothed. Corol three-petalled. Germ su- perior, three-celled ; cells one-seeded ; attachment inferior. Berries from one to three, conjoined, globose, one-seeded. Embryo in, or near the apex of the perisperm, Geertner says he found it in the base of the perisperm it in unbracu- lifera. . . 1. C. Talliera. R. Leaves subrotund, palmata:pinnati#d) plaided: ; seg- ments forty pair, margins of the channel of the petioles armed. Juflorescence pyramidal, the length of the trunk of the tree. Sans. Tali. Beng. Tara, Tallier. Tareet. , _ This elegant, stately Palm, is a native of Bengal, though scarce in the vicinity of Calcutta. Flowering ' time the beginning of the hot season. The seeds ripen about nine, or ten months afterwards. Trunk perfectly straight, about thirty feet high, and as near as the eye can judge equally thick throughout, of a dark brown colour, and somewhat rough with the marks left by the impression of the fallen leaves. Leaves pal- mate-pinnatifid, plaited, subrotund. Leaflets or divisions of the frond united rather more than half way, numer- ous, generally about eighty, or forty pairs, linear-lan- _ ceolate, pointed until broken by the wind, or otherwise, polished on both sides, with a strong somewhat four-sided rib running their whole length; generally about six feet long, greatest breadth about four inches. The thread which forms part of the Linnean specific character of corypha umbraculifera, is sometimes present, sometimes wanting, at best such perishable marks deserve no notice, Petioles from five to ten feet long, remarkably strong, upper side Corypha. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 175 deeply channelled, the sharp margins armed with nu- merous, short, strong, dark-coloured polished, com- pressed spines. Spathes just as numerous as the prima- ry and secondary ramifications in the spadix, all smooth, and obtuse. Spadix supra-decompound, issuing in the month of February from the apex of the tree, and centre of the leaves, forming an immense, diffuse, ovate panicle, of about twenty or more feet in height, so that the height of the whole tree, form the ground to the top of the spadix is now about fifty feet. Primary branches alternate, round, spreading nearly horizontal, with their apices ascending. Secondary ramifications alternate, bifarious, compressed, drooping, recurved, soon dividing into numerous, variously curved, smaller, subcylindric, branchlets, covered with innumerable, small white, odorous, subsessile flowers. Calyx; perianth inferior, minute, obscurely three-toothed. Petals three, oblong, concave, fleshy, smooth, expanding, many times larger than the perianth. Nonectary. Filaments six, — nearly of the length of the petals, at the base broad, and in some measure united. © Anthers ovate. Germ above, three-lobed, three-celled with the embryo of a distinct seed in each, attached to the bottom of its cell. Style shorter than the stamina. Stigma simple. Berries from one to three conjoined, though one is the most common, and then the rudiments of the other two are present, they are Singly quite round, about the size of a crab-apple, when Tipe, wrinkled, and of a dark olive, or greenish yellow Colour. The pulp is but in small proportion, and yellow When the fruitis ripe. Seed solitary, round, attached to the base of the berry, of a white colour, and horny sub- Stance, with a small vacuum in the centre. Embryo lodged i in the apex, which circumstance alone, is sufficient to distinguish it from Gertner’s Crypha umbraculifera, » The leaves of this tree are employed by the native : ee ‘© write on with their pointed steel bodkins, and so to 176 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Corypha, tie the rafters of their houses, for they are said to be strong and durable. Ido not find that the wood is ap- plied to any useful purpose. 2. C. elata. R. __. Leaves lunate-cordate, palmate-pinnatifid, plaited; seg- ments from forty to fifty pair; stipes armed. Inflores- cence globular, one-fourth the length of the trunk of the tree, ’ Beng. Bujoor, or Bujur-batool. This stately palmis a native of Bengal, where it flow- ers in March and April ; the seeds require about twelve months to ripen. . Trunk straight, but often varying in thickness. I hitve two trees, which were pretty well ascertained to be about thirty years ‘old when in flower ; one was seventy feet to the base of the inflorescence, the other about sixty ; cir- cumference near the root eight feet, and about the middle of the trees five and a half or six ; their whole length strongly marked with rough, dark coloured, spiral ridges, and furrows, which plainly point out the spiral arrange- ment of the leaves. The ligneous fibres, as in the order, -are on the outside, forming a tube for the soft spongy substance within, of a dark chocolate colour, tough and hard, but by no means equal, in either quantity or qua- lity, to the very serviceable wood of Borassus pape: formis. Leaves (fronds,) round the top of the teal; ieeaseilt- ately under the base of the inflorescence, numerous, _palmate pinnatifid, plaited from eight to ten feet each “-way ; segments generally from forty to fifty pair, united about half their length, ensiform, apices rather obtuse and bifid, texture hard, smooth on both sides. When the tree begins to blossom, the leaves wither and soon fall off, leaving the fructiferous part naked. -Petioles (stipes) from six to twelve feet long, concave above, with the— Corypha. HEXADRIA MONOGYNIA. 177 thin, hard, black margins thereof cut into mumerous, very short, curved spines, Spathes numerous, there being one at each joint of the various ramifications of the spadix, all smooth and when recent, of a pale yellowish green. Inflorescence, (spadix) terminal; it may be called an immense, more than supra-déecompound, round pani- cle ; in this species it is of a much smaller span than the leaves, and only about one fourth or one fifth part of the whole height ofthe tree ; the various and innumerable ramifications are always alternate, smooth and of a pale yellow colour. Flowers small, sessile, collected in little bundles over the ultimate divisions of the panicle, pale yellow, small, rather offensive. Calyx small, three-tooth- ed. Petals three, oblong, reflexed, shorter than the sta- mina. Filaments six, broad at the base, and there uni- ted, toward the apex, slender and incurved. Anthers ovate. ‘Germ superior, round-ovate, three-lobed, three. celled, with one ovulain each, attached to the bottom _ ofits cell. Style short, three-grooved. Stigma three-lob- ed. Berry globular, the size of a musket ball, olive-co- loured, smooth when fresh, but it soon becomes dry and wrinkled, one-celled ; the two abortive lobes of the germ are always to be found at the base, Seed solitary, sub- globular. Integuments, apparently two, but they are firm- ly united, and of a friable texture ; the exterior one pale yellowish brown, and veined ; the interior one brown, and adhering firmly to the perisperm. Perisperm conform to the seed, of a hard, horny texture, and pale gray colour, Embryo simple, short, cylindric, lodged near the apex of the perisperm. 3. C. umbraculifera. Willd. 2. 201. Gert. sem. 1.18 t. 7. Leaves sublunate, palmate-pinnatifid, plaited. Seg- ments from forty to fifty pair; petioles armed. Injflores- Cence pyramidal, equalling the trunk of the tree, if ie; ~ Sryo in the base of the need. Geert.) ies 178 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Corypha. Codda-pana. Rheed Mal, 3. t. 1-12. Talipat. Knox. hist. of Ceylon. Cing. Tala, or Talagas. Tam. Conda-pani. — This is an intermediate species, (with regard to size,) between Taliera and Elata. From Ceylon it has been introduced about nine years into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta. The seeds were fully as large as those of Ta- liera, consequently much larger than in Elata, This alone is a sufficient mark in a tree of this nature to dis tinguish it from lata; infortunately I did not exa- mine the situation of the embryo, we must therefore take — it for granted that Geertner was correct in placing it in the base of the seeds ; our young trees, are only now, when nine years old, beginning to exhibit the first appearance of a trunk. In the same Garden are plants of Taliera, of the same age ; their appearance at this period is so very different as to announce their being distinct species, * 4. C. Utan. Lamarck. Encyclop. 2. 131. Leaves semicircular, palmate, pinnatifid, plaited + sege ments from twenty-five to thirty pair ; petioles very long, and much armed. Lontarus silvestris. Rumph. Amb. 1. 56 t. 11, A native of the Moluccas. One young tree of this species is in the Botanic garden at Calcutta; it was brought from Amboyna ; though now about twelve years old, it only begins to form the appearance of a trunk, which, at present promises to be longer than in wnbra- — culifera. The stipes or petioles are much longer than in any of the other species, and the leaves expand little more than half a circle, as in Rumph’s figure, and have only about half the number of segmeuts the others have. Licuala. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 179 LICUALA. Schreb. gen. n. 1691. Calyx three-toothed. Corol three cleft. Germ supe- perior, three-lobed, three-celled. Cells one-seeded; attach- ment inferior. Style single. Stamina simple. Drupe one- celled, one-seeded. Embryo a little above the base on the: inside. 1. L. peltata. R. Fronds. palmate, orbicular, peltate. Stipes armed. Drupe turbinate ; no nectary. This small palm is a native of the woody mountainous parts near Chittagong, which separate that province from. the Burma dominions ; it was brought from thence to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta by Mr, William Roxburgh, where it blossoms in November and ripens its seed in May. " . Trunk, in our young oot short, and ‘apuniy. em- braced by the base of the petioles, and a web of coarse, light brown fibres, down to the ground; in that state it is about as thick asa man’s thigh. eaves (fronds,) alternate, long-petioled, orbicular, peltate, smooth, di- Vided to the base into from twenty to twenty-five wedge-shaped, dentate-truncate, plaited portions; the superior two, or more, are much broader and longer, being composed of from ten to fifteen ribs, while the la- teral, and inferior ones are composed of from three to five only ; the apices of these ribs taper off conically, and have their points bifid, the breadth or length of the _ Whole leaf, for they are nearly the same size, from three to four feet. _Petioles or stipes spreading, three or four feet long, nearly triangular, having the two lateral edges armed with numerous, dreadful, strong, variously curved, smooth, dark brown, sharp spines, of different. Sizes ; toward the base channelled, stem-clasping, and. | finaly tied over each other, and round the trunk, Ag . W2 : 180 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, | Licuala, web of strong, coarse, light brown fibres, which issue from the margins, and begin where the spines end. Spadices axillary, solitary, rising several feet above the leaves, their whole length being from ten to fifteen feet, of one uniform thickness, which is that of a man’s fore-finger; from the upper part, at the distance of about a foot from each other, issue pendulous, cylindric spikes of about a foot and a half long beyond the spathe; these are whol- ly covered by numerous, sessile, diverging, pretty large, greenish white, inodorous flowers. Spathes seven or eight, a tubular,embracing the whole of the spadix; from the mouths of the last four or five, the pendulous spikes issue; all the tender parts are covered with a large portion of fe- ruginous dust. Calyx inferior, one-leaved, campanulate; mouth obscurely three-toothed ; outside sericeous, per- manent. Corol one-petalled, outside sericeous, perma- nent. Tube campanulate, the length of the calyx. Borders three-cleft ; divisions expanding and tapering to rather obtuse points. No nectarium. Filaments six, short, broad at the base, and inserted round the inside of the mouth — of the tube of the corol. Anthers sagittate. Germs three, forming a short, turbinate, truncate body, like a single germ, but perfectly distinct, except the base of the style, which is about as long as the stamina, and rises equally from the three, and keeps them together. Stigma simple- Drupe obovate, the size of a field bean ; a little to the in- side of the vertex a three-cornered, three-toothed tubercle marks where the style joins this fertile lobe ef the germ to the two abortive ones ; when ripe orange-red, and smooth, one celled. Pulp in considerable quantity, orange-colour- ed. Nut conform to the drupe, much pointed below ; above are three slight elevations running “from a point under the tubercle of the drupe, hard, dark brown, one-celled- Seed single, conform to the nut. Integuments a single, very thin, brown membrane. Perisperm conform to the — seed, horny, from the back a ferruginous spongy body Berberis, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 181 penetrates to, or beyond the centre, and there enlarging, it occupies a considerable space. Embryo lodged in a co- nic pit, a little above the base on the inside. 2. L. spinosa. Willd. 2. p. 201. Leaves digitate-palmate. Spadix shorter than the arm- ed petioles. . Licuala arbor. Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 9. Corypha licuala, frondibus palmatis’ foliolis linearibus nervosis apice premorsis. Petiolis basi spinosis, spadice erecto stricto. Lamarck, Encyclop. 2.131. ACHRAS. Schreb, gen. n. 593. Calyx six-leaved. Corel six-cleft, with scales on the inside. Germ superior, from eight to ten celled ; cells one- Seeded ; attachment interior. Berry from eight to ten cel- led. Seed solitary. Embryo erect, and furnished with a perisperm. _ A. Sapota. Willd, 2. 224. Flowers solitary. Leaves lanceolar, lucid. “A native of China, from thence introduced into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where growing in the same place with the West India tree they are not to be distin- guished fromit. The China trees have not yet blossom- ed, but those from the West Indies flower in the hot Sea- son, and the fruit ripens in the rains. BERBERIS Shreb. gen. n. 595. Calyx six or more, leaved, — Corol six-petalled ; at the are two glands. Germ superior, one-celled two or More-seeded ; attachment sub-inferior: Berry from two to thre-seeded. aa erect and furnished witls a hese a ema eo wn 3 ey bi 182 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Berberis, 1. B. asiatica. R. _Shrubby- Leaves obovate-oblong, hard, mpinonastontiil ed. Spines triple. Racemes axillary. Pedicels, and flowers erect. Nectarial glands subcylindric. Germs from five to six-seeded. Berberis ilicifolia. Asiat. Researches. 6. p. 357. A native of the mountainous countries north of Hindoo- sthan, where it was first observed by Captain Hardwicke, on his journy to Shreenagur, and afterwards found by Dr. Buchanan in Napal, from whence the latter sent seed to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta in 1802; in April 1808. the plants therefrom blossomed for the first time. In ap~ pearance it resembles the common Berbery bush of Eu- rope. Stems several from the same root, bending much to ene side. Branches slender, after the first year spreading and drooping ; young shoots angular, and furrowed. Bark of the old ligneous parts of a light ash colour, and yellow within ; and sois the wood ; the height of our shrubs now when seven years old, is from four to eight feet. Spines three, rarely five-fold from one base, straight, strong, and sharp. Leaves in fascicles in the axills of the spines, sub- sessile, obovate, and oblong ; margins spinous, with cir- cular sinuses between, texture hard, smooth on both sides, but reticulate with veins; from one to two inches long. Stipules small, subulate, petiolary, having some small scales intermixed with the insertions of the leaves. Ra- cemes solitary, from the centre of the fascicles of Jeaves, many-flowered. Pedicels often as long as the racemes, straight, one-flowered ; sometimes there is no raceme, and then several, long-pedicelled flowers occupy its place. Flowers rather large, pure yellow. Bractes at the base’ of the pedicels triple, one-flowered, ovate, acute. Calyx about nine-leaved, imbricate. Leaflets unequal, yellow, smooth. The exterior three minute, and may be called bractes; the next three larger; the iner three still larg- - Berberis. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 183 er, and nearly as long as the petals. Petals six, in two series, round-obovate ; exterior margins a little notched and curled in over the anthers. Nectarial glands subcy- lindric. Filaments shorter than the petals, and opposite to them, thick at top. Anthers a polleniferous, oblong, operculated pit on each side near the apex. Germ oblong, one-celled, on the inside is a ridge; four, five, or six seeds _ are attached to its base. Style scarcely any. Stigma large, peltate, with a pit in the centre, Berries ovate, rather larger than the common berbery of Europe, smooth, with red, succulent, acid pulp; colour a dark purple, with a bloom over it, like that of the common plum, one-celled. Seeds two or three, attached as in the germ, oblong, somewhat rugose. Integuments two ; the ex- tertor one thick, spongy, and brown; the inner one mem- branaceous. Perisperm conform to the seed, yellow. Cha- laza large and conspicuous on its apex.- Embryo nearly as long as the perisperm, straw-coloured, erect. Cotyled- ' os oblong. Radicle subcylindric, inferior. 2. B. angustifolia. R. Shrubby. Racemes simple; pedicels one-flowered. Spines Single. Leaves lanceolar. Germ two-seeded. Found by Francis Picrard, Esq. on the mountains north of Rohilkhund, and Hurdwar. Spines oftener single than triple, straight, diverging. Leaves fascicled in the axills of the spines, sessile, lanceo-— lar, rather rounded at the apex, with a minute spinous Point, some of them have a small spinous toothlet on one or both margins, but are otherwise entire, tapering most toward the base ; smooth, veined, texture hard, the length from one to two inches, and generally less than half an inch ‘breadth, Racemes axillary, the length of the leaves, so- litary. Flowers solitary, long-pedicelled, small. Bractes oblong, concave, acute, solitary at the base of each pedi-— Cel, and sometimes one or twosmaller ones near the top.Jn _ 184 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Loranthus. B. asiatica, they are triple at the base of the pedicels. Ca- lyx nine-leaved ; leaflets in three series ; the exterior three minute ; the inner three nearly as long as the petals. Pe- tals six-obovate, entire. Nectarial glands oblong, Fila- ments inserted into the base of the petals. Anthersa long operculated pit in each side of the filaments, just under the apex. Germ oblong, one-celled, containing two seeds, attached to the bottom of the cell. Style short. Stigma peltate, glandular. 3. B. pinnata. R. Leaves unequally pinnate; leaflets grossly spinous, dentate. Racemes terminal, . Candingne young more, is the vernacular name in the Munipoor Country, where it is indigenous. It flowers in November. Thunbere’s figure of his Ilex Japonica is so very like this plant, as to induce me to think they may be the same. — NANDINA. Schreb. gen. n. 596.. Calyx many-leaved, imbricated. Curol nixohotallal Berry one-celled, two seeded. Embryo inverse, and far- nished with a perisperm. N. domestica. Willd. 2, 230. Thunb. ge 147, Gert. sem, 2. 69, Bot. Mag. 1109. Said to be a native of Japan ; it was et be from Canton in China into the Botanic Garden at Calcutta by Mr, William Kerr. LORANTHUS. Schreb. gen. n. 600. Calyx uncertain. Corol generally one-petalled wad of- ten irregular, Germ interior, one-celled, one-seeded ; at- tachment superior, Berry one-seeded. ES eres and —_e with a perisperm. Loranthus, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 185. 1 L., bicolor Corem, pl. 2. N. 139. Leaves, opposite, oblong, smooth, Racemes axiliene Corols irregular, five-cleft. Stamens tive. Berries oblong. Beng. Bura-manda. Vanda.is the Sanscrit name. Sir William Jones thought this the general term for all Parasitic plants, , Compare with Loranthus longiflorus, and also with falcatus, Willd... Teling. Yellinga:wodinaka (wodinaka means parasi- tical.) Itis always found growing upon the branches. af vari- ous kinds of trees, and is, very ramous., It flowers during , the greatest part of the year, and is highly ornamental. _. _ Trunk scarcely any. Branches numerous, ascending, woody, bark grey. , Leaves nearly opposite, sessile, or very short-petioled, from oval to linear-lanceolate, waved, entire, reclined ; .veins scarcely any ; from three to five inches long, and from one to one and a half broad. Ra- cemes axillary, single, simple, sub-erect, many-flowered, Flowers in size and appearance muchlike those of the ho- | ney suckle, Bractes a small, concave, cordate one, press- es on the base of the germs on one side. Calyx there is no other perianth of the fruit, than the above mentioned bracte ; that of the flower, cup-shaped, entire, permanent. ' Corol one-petalled, Tube long, a little curved, swell-) ing from the bottom to within a third of the mouth, it then Contracts a little; border five-parted, the upper fissure — much the deepest ; segments linear, reflexed towards one Side. Filaments five, from the base of the segments of the. corol, short, .Anthers linear. Germ superior, naked. Style the length of the corol, Stigma clubbed. Berry inferior, Crowned with the remaining calyx, oblong, smooth, pul- PY, One-celled, Seed single. iy -This.is a handsome looking parasite, bearing a great. Shes, of. EY, naaniila ponent its ide pds alan oni “bg 5 “Ft TKS (Apk2s $35 ' 186 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Loranthus, very well; all that part of the branch of the tree above where it grows, becomes sickly, and soon perishes. This species differs from Gertner’s Lonicera zeylanica, in being without the calyx of the fruit, and having only five parts in the corol, &c. but in the raceme they agree. ' Nor can I reconcile it to be L. falcatus of the supplemen- tum, nor L. loniceroides of Linnzeus, for here the inflores- cence bears no resemblance to an involucred umbel. Nei- ther can it be L. pentandra, as there the leaves are alter- nate, with petioles nearly as long as the racemes, in short I cannot well reconcile it to any of the hitherto des- cribed species. It unites the two bapa of Loranthus and Lonicera. In Bengal I have found it with leaves from five to six inches long, and from four to five broad, 2. L. scurrula. Willd. 2. 232. Corom, pl. 2: N. 140, Leaves opposite, ovate, underneath downy. Flowers axillary, fascicled. Corol sreegmiars® four-cleft. Stamens four. Berries turbinate. The natives have no other name for this than Wodi= “It is a parasiatical shrub, but smaller considerably than the last, and much scarcer ; it grows upon branches of trees in the same manner, and flowers aywing the nay season. Me _ Leaves opposite, petioled, cordate, scolloped, sincatah with soft white down underneath ; about two inches long, and one anda half broad. Peduncles numerous, collected in the axills, one or more flowered. Flowers considerably © smaller than in the last, a rusty grey colour, and coyer- ed with grey, farinaceous dust, Bractes one, pressing on ’ the germ, as in the last species. Calyx of the fruit no other. than the bracte of the flower, as in the former. Corol one- petalled. Tube swelled towards the base. Border four+ parted ; upper fissure deepest ; divisions linear, reflexed- Loranthus. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 187 Stamens four; the pistillum as in the last. Berry top- shaped, one-seeded, 3. L. globosus. R. Leaves opposite, oblong, smooth. Spikes axillary. Co- rols regular, six-cleft. Berries round-oval. Kanneli itti-kanni. Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 5. Beng. Chota-manda. A ramous, shrubby parasite, like the two species al- ready described; it is common on trees all over Bengal and flowers all the year. Leaves generally opposite, though sometimes alternate, and also three-fold, short-petioled, oblong, smooth, en- tire, of a thick leathery texture, almost veinless ; from two to three inches long. Racemes, (or rather spikes,) axillary, or between the leaves, or from the old axills ; generally solitary, though sometimes there are two, or even three together, much shorter than the leaves. Flow- ers opposite, from three to six pair in the spike, sessile, small, of a greenish-orange colour. Bractes no other than the perianth “of the fruit. Calyx ; perianth of the fruit inferior, two-leaved, the under and exterior cordate ; the inner two-toothed ; that of the flower is no other than the circular margin of the pit, which receives the flawer. Co- rolone-petalled ; tube gibbous, six-sided. - Border. six- parted ; divisions alike, and cut equally deep, reflected. Filaments six, erect, inserted into the base of the diyisi- ns of the corol, Germ ovate. Style length of the sta- mens, Stigma large, glandular, naveled. Berry inferior, round, oval, the size of a pea, smooth ; when ripe the pulp is yellow, clammy, and elastic, which makes it adhere sa the branches of trees where it terminates, resting on permanent calyciform bractes and crowned witha - ) ring where the corol stood, round the permanent base of the Style, one-celled, Seed solitary, conform to the berry. tegument single, white, _ and clammy, nark = HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Loranthus, with twelve whitish striz. Perisperm conform to the seed, six-grooved, green. Embryo central, inverse, straight, pale green, nearly as long as the perisperm. Cotyledons two, linear-oblong. Plumula minute. Radicle subcylin- _ dric, the length of the cotyledons, superior. Birds are fond of the berries. 4. L. ferruginosus. R. - Young shoots, as well as the under. ‘sities of the oval épness long, slender, tetrandrous, regular ; flowers, fruit, and pedicels, all clothed with much ferrmginous, penene cence. Found by Mr. William Betta growing. on wiiecai in Aheiforesia of Pulo Pinang. Heal: re eay pos aq . ae #a% Be ‘E involucratus. R. Leaves opposite, ovate-cordaté, smooth: \ Umbellets axillary ; involucres four-leaved, pets ae tite a, j flowers regular, Pe a of Chittagong, Silhet, &e, where j it t blossomis the greater part of the year. » je Bae Branches’ while young clothed with smooth, shining, dark brown bark. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, ovate, and ovate-cordate, sides often unequal, as in most of the plants of this genus, entire, smooth’on both! ‘sides’ from three to four inches long. Umbellets axillary, crowded, subsessile, much shorter than the leaves. In-- volucres four-leaved, four-flowered ; leaflets ovateIanceo- late, smooth, entire. Flowers sebanet pretty large, e- qualling the involucre. Calyx superior, short, five-tooth-" ed, villous. Corol ; tube widening toward the ‘mouth, villous. Border regular, five-parted. Segments linear, revolute. Filaments equalling the segments of. the corol, and inserted on them below their middle. Anthers oval. Germ oval, sericeous. Style rather longer oe the coral. “Stigma two-lobed, —_ Loranthus. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 189 ~ 6. L. ampullaceus. R. Leaves opposite, oblong, polished. Racemes axillary, simple. Flowers calycled, regular, hexandrous ; tube of the coro] gibbous. Berries long-oval. Found on trees in the forests of Silhet, but seeming to prefer the mango trees to all others. Flowering time the © dry season, probably the whole year round. Stem as in our other Indian parasites, the size and shape very uncertain, but numerous from two to four- cleft ; smooth branches and branchlets spread in all di- rections. Leaves opposite, short petioled, oblong, entire, smooth, from three to four inches long, and generally less than two in breadth. Racemes axillary, solitary, or in pairs, much shorter than the leaves. Flowers ‘opposite, short-pedicelled, pretty large, ofa greenish yellow colour, Bracies oval, one at the base of each pedicel, and two pressing the base of the germ, like an inferior bilabiate ca- lyx. Calyx supérior, entire, rotate. Corol regular ; tube sibbous ; border six-cleft ; divisions revolute, somewhat Spatulate. Filaments six, from the mouth of the tube of the corol, the length of its segments. Anthers ovate. Germ inferior, one-celled, .containing one ovula attach- ed to the top of the cell. | Style longer than the corol. Stigma large. Berry inferior, long-oval, smooth, yellow, the size of a currant, one-celled- Pulp pale yellow, and very clammy. Seed solitary, ovate. Integuments two; the exterior one marked with six longitudinal fibres; the in- ner one membranaceous. Perisperm conform to the seed, Six-grooved, green. Embryo cylindric, inverse. Cotyle- dons short, semicylindric. Radicle cylindric, with a turbi- nate apex, rising above the perisperm, inverse. 7. L. clavatus. R. Leaves opposite, broad-lanceolate. Flowers axillary, few together, tetrandrous. Corols irregular, four-cleft ; clavate. . oA has 190 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bambusa, A delicate, shrubby parasite, found in the Silhet dis< trict, growing on Averrhoa Carambola. 8. L. pentapetalus. R. Leaves opposite, from lanceolate, to ovate-cordate, and obliquely alternate, smooth. Racemes axillary. Flowers pentandrous. Petals five, with an enlarged three-sided base. A large, very ramous, shrubby plant, found growing on various trees in the forests of Silhet. Flowers red, ap- pearing about the beginning of the rains in June, Branches and branchlets columnar, and quite smooth. Leaves opposite, petioled, from lanceolate to ovate-cor- date, obliquely alternate, from the middle to the apex, en- tire, smooth; from three to four inches long, and about two broad. Racemes axillary, solitary, or paired, straight, sim- ple, often as long as the leaves, smooth. Flowers very nu- merous, short-pedicelled, smooth, scattered, red. Bractes, an obliquely-ovate one embraces the base of the germ on the outside. Calyx superior, rather small, sub-entire,- smooth. Petals five, the base of each swelled out into a fleshy three-sided body, giving to the bottom of the corol,a globular form, and meeting in the centre, leaving only a small aperture for the style; above tongue-shaped, and recurved. Filaments five, inserted in the petals. Anthers ovate. Germ oblong, one-celled, containing one ovula, pendulous from the top of the cell. Style four-sided, joint- ed, or appearing so, near the middle. Stigma a little en-— larged. Berries oblong, smooth, of a greenish dade one- seeded, &c. as in the eae ar “ BAMBUSA. Schreb.gen.n-60]. Calyx calycled, from two to three-valved, many- flowered. Corol, glume two-valved. Style bifid. Seed. one. | ‘3 aac Fle ee 3 Bambusa, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 191 1. B. arundinacea. Corom. pl. 1. N. 79. Spikes half verticelled; calyces about four-flowered, half of which are male ; nectaries three-leaved. Arundo bambos Linn. sp. pl. 120. Ily, Rheed. Mal. 1. t, 16. Beng. Bans. Teling. Mulkas, Vedroo. Tam. Mungil, vel Munkil. It delights in a rich, moist soil, such as the banks of rivulets, lakes, &c. among the mountains. Stems, I fear to call them culms, numerous, from ten to a hundred from the same root, for eighteen or twen-— ty feet straight, then bending gently to one side, pip- ed, jointed, undivided, but with innumerable, very ra- mous, alternate, winding, bifarious, spreading branches. Thorns double, or triple, alternate, on the joints of the . branches and branchlets ; when double, a branchlet oc-. cupies the centre ; when triple the largest thorn stands there ; they are remarkably strong, sharp, and somewhat Tecurved ; sometimes they are wanting, particularly in tich moist soils. Leaves sheathing, bifarious short-petioled, linear-lanceolate, the upper side and margins backwardly hispid, broad at the base, fine-pointed, from two to six inches long, and half or three quarters of an inch broad ; on the rich moist soil on the banks of the Ganges they are from two to four inches broad, and about a foot long. — Sheaths somewhat downy with a few short, bent filaments on each side of the mouth. Inflorescence. When in flower the tree is Sinai a titute of leaves, and as the extremity of every ramifica- tion is covered with flowers, the whole tree seems one entire, immense panicle, composed of innumerable, some- ~ what verticelled spikes, each verticil is composed of se-— veral, distichous, oblong, pointed, sessile, rigid paren 2 Such as those of ELEuSINE, Poa, &c. ge Common calyx, calycled, from two to sixllowered, 192 ‘HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bambusa. from two to three-valved, valvelets equal, oblong, con- cave, smooth, and of a firm texture ; scales round the base small, oval, number uncertain ; they are also often common to several minute, sterile spikelets. HERMAPHRODITE flowers one, two, or three below the male. Calyx no other than that above described. Corol two-valved, the exterior valvelet rather the shortest, ob- long, pointed, smooth, cartilaginous ; the inner valvelet oblong, margins inflected, concave behind, -and fringed with hairs round the elevated margins: of thei posterior concavity. Nectary three obovate scales embracing the insertions of the stamens, and germ. Filaments six, in- serted in the base of the germ. | Anthers linear, incum- bent. Germ oval. Style single. Stigma two-cleft;— divisions plumoge. . Seed, firmly closed in the corol, ex- geodinghy like oats and about,the same size. | Agee meget FLoweERs from one abi three above ths hesnill phrodite. Pistil none. ene. ioe It would be calla isin and unnecessary to mention she . various purposes to which this most useful plant is. = they are already known to-most people. ‘The Tamul Doctors say the root is diluent; tliat the’ bark cures eruptions ; the Camphire, or salt ¢( Tabaséer)o cures all sorts of paralytic complaints, flatulencies, and poisons, The leaves are esteemed the best Emmenagogue } the Chinese are said to possess the same idea. The neti ) -is_used for food as rice... -Tabasheer Vedroo Paloo, that: is en of beating of the Telingas ; and Mungle Upoo, salt of bamboo, of the Tamuls, the substance so well described by Dr. Patrick Russell, in the 80th vol, of the Philosophical Transactions of London, ie: fount: in the; asian: psa a ‘ ¢ me 8, = borsweli-2i4 6 owt medi boloy!so yanks sale Bambusa, HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 193 2. B. stricta. Corom. pl. 1, N. 80. Spikes with dense globular verticels. rial from two to three-flowered, all hermaphrodite ; no nectary; — exterior glumes of the corols daggered. Teling. Sadanapa vedroo. - This is clearly a distinct species ; it grows in a drier situation, is not near so large, has a much smaller ca-_ vity, and is very straight; its great strength, solidity, and straightness renders it much fitter for a variety of uses, than the common sort; the natives make staffs to their spears, &c. of it. _ Stems fewer, straighter, and smaller, than in the com- _ mon sort, otherwise they are the same. Thorns oftener wanting. Inflorescence the same as in the former. Verticels sessile, globular, very dense, entirely surrounding the branchlets, Spikelets of the yerticel, crowded, distichous, &c, as in the last, Calyx as in the last, except that the scales are longer, and common to two or three spikelets, Here the flowers are generally all hermaphrodite, and _ Seldom more than three to the calyx. Corol two-valved ; exterior valvelet downy, with a very stiff, sharp, daggered point. Inner valve as in B, arundinacea. Nectary 1 could not see any. Stamens six. Pistil woolly, Stigma two.cleft, filiform. Seed asin the last. 3.B. Tulda. R. Arboreous, unarmed, Spikelets shoal a all hermaphrodite. Nectaries cuneate, fringed. Style three-cleft. oe. Vansa is the Sanscrit name which Sir William Jones applies to bamboos in general. Beng. Tulda Bans. Hind, Peka-Bans. - This is the common bamboo of Bengal, where it grows in the greatest abundance every where. Flowering time the month of May. waa ¥ 194 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bambusa. The root consists of many small fibres, ‘spreading in’ every direction, but to no great distance, nor do they pe- netrate very deep. | 7 The roots of all the other species are similar. Stems in old plants numerous from the same root, joint- ed, smooth, and ramous. In the month of June, soon after the first: rains set in, new ones rise up amongst those of the former year and in the same manner in all the o- ther species, at first in the form of a Targe’ straight ele- phant’s tusk, invested in strong coriaceuus sheaths, one at each joint ; these shoots rise simple to their full size, from twenty to seventy feet in height, and from six to — twelve inches in circumference, in the course of about thirty days ; during which period the sheaths drop off, and aré soon Succeeded by numerous, alternate, ramous, bifarious, unarmed branches, from the joints ; before these appear, the shoots look like as many naked fishing rods, of immense size. Leaves alternate, bifarious, subsessile, sheathing, linear-Ianceolate, acute-pointed, with ‘their bases broad, and often’ rounded, or cordate ; from six to twelve inches long, and about one broad. Sheaths of the leaves ‘longer than the joints, and ending oe two, ae i ral, stipulary, bearded processes,” ib 998308 : Inflorescence. Before these trees blossom, they salen wa’ of considerable age, several years ; and even then it is seldom they can be found in this state ; at that period the whole plant is destitute of leaves, and forms one im- mensely, oblong, waving panicle, composed of innumiera-. ble, supra-decompound ramifications. " Spikelets lanceolate, sessile, one, two, three, or more at : the joints of the most extreme rawifications ; each bear-— ing from four to eight, (generally all.) hermaphrodite flowers. Calyx calycled, as in the other species describ- ed by me. © Corol two-valved. Exterior valve oblong, pointed, smooth, completely involving the inner valve, — as well as a portion of the flat rachis in which it is in- | Bambusa. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 195 serted. Jnner valve concave on the inside, where it press- es on the rachis ; this concave portion is surrounded with asharp ciliate margin. Nectary of three, broad, cuneate, ciliate leaflets. Filaments six, half the length of the valves of the corol.. Anthers linear, drooping, red- purple. Germ. obovate, obtusely three-sided. Style very short, Stigma three, long, feathering. Seed, they may best be described by comparing them to oats, which they exactly resemble, and are of the same size. This species is very generally used allover Bengal, for covering the houses of the natives, scaffolding, &c. &c. If soaked in water for some weeks previously to their be- cad _ ing used, they last much longer, and are stronger; if not they are soon devoured. by a small species of Bostrichus, Itis notwithstanding deemed inferior to Balkooa C Bal- koo bans) of the Bengalees, ‘This species, Tulda bans, so far as I am able to des at present, is not to be found on the Coast of Coroman- del. Its quick growth, size and universal commonness in Bengal, renders it one of the most variously useful plants in India. The young thick shoots, mentioned when describing the stem, ‘are when about two feet high, ten- der and very frequently pickled, anda most excellent one they make, when properly prepared. Jowa Bans of the Bengalees, is only a large sta of Nie cnocing and used chiefly for scaffolding, and build- ing the larger and better sorts of houses of the natives.» It: differs from Tulda in the greater length, and greater: thickness of the joints, _.Basini bans of the Bengalees, is another variety of Tulda. It has a larger cavity, and is used chiefly to make baskets. Behoor bans of the Bengalees, is of a small size, very” Solid, and strong, much bent to one side, and armed with numerous strong thorns, which renders it very fit for hedges. A staff of this species must be placed in the hand of every young brahmin, when invested with the sacerdo-— : Y2 ; 196 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bambusa. tal cord, otherwise they say the ceremony cannot be per- formed, 4. B. Balcooa. R. ; ; Arboreous, unarmed, Leaves sublanceolate ; with a cordate base, inflorescence sub-radical, spikelets from four to five-flowered, all hermaphrodite. Beng. Balkoo-bans. It is a native of Bengal, and on account of its size, and strength, is reckoned by the workers in bamboo work the very best sort for building the houses of the na- — tives, scaffolding, &c. works requiring both size and _ strength. Flowering time the rainy season, however it — rarely arrives at this state, for I have but once met with it in blossom. Stems similar to the other species, but stouter, and of- — ten taller. Ramifications also the same. Leaves bifarious, subsessile on their sheathing bases, lanceolate, with the base cordate ; margins slightly hispid; smooth, deep green on both sides; from one to two inches broad, and from four — to twelve long. Sheaths longer than the joints ; exposed parts villous, with a bearded stipulary mouth, (ligula,) — rising above the insertion of the leaves. Inflorescence in radical, verticelled spikes ; verticels large, sub-globular, — composed of numerous, sessile spikelets, of from four to _ six hermaphrodite flowers. Calyx calycled. Corol two- valved. Exterior smooth, ovate. Inner with the exterior margins ciliate. Nectary of three, oval, ciliate leaflets. — Stamina six. Style woolly. Stigmas three, and also woolly. To make this species more serviceable, long immersion in water is required to render them firmer, and proof _ against the attacks of the Bostrichi, and their larva. nee ‘There are two varieties of this most useful species. The ~ large the natives call Dhooli-balkoo, and the smaller Bal- koo-bans, which has a smaller cavity, and though notso large a bamboo, is on that account very strong. Bambusa. - HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 197 5. B. baccifera. R. Arboreous, unarmed. Pericarp a very large, pendulous pyramidal, one-seeded berry. Beesha. Rheed. Mal, vol.5. t. 60. p. 119. Pagu-tullu, of the people of the Chittagong mountains, where the plant is indigenous. This uncommonly curicus berry-bearing bamboo, is a native of the Chittagong mountains. Growing plants, seeds, and well preserved specimens, were sent me from thence, by Mr. Richard Pierard, a gentleman to whom the Botanic Garden at Calcutta is under many obligations. The bamboo he writes is the one in common use in that country, for every purpose of _ building, &c. His description of the tree is so full and per- fect that [do not think I can do better than transcribe what _ he says, in reply to my queries regarding this plant, viz. “It bears no thorns ; grows in dry places, chiefly on the sides of hills, where the upper stratum of the soil is sandy. The circumference near the base twelve or thirteen Jnches; height from fifty to seventy feet, beautifully erect, and without the least flexure, or unequality of surface, bare of branches except near the extremity, Perishes after yielding its fruit. “Ityields more or less Tabasheer of a siliceous crystalli- zation ; sometimes it is said the cavity between the joints is nearly filled with this, which the people call wegen . time.’ ” So far Mr. Pierard. - — Leaves alternate, bifarious, subsessile on their dvvectili 2 ing base, ovate-lanceolate, smooth on both sides, and slightly ribbed underneath ; from six to twelve inches 8, and from two to four brad: Sheaths of the leaves villous, with their mouths bearded with many long fili- form fibres, Spikes compound, issuing many together from the joints of the large branches, or upper part of the ne? Stem, long, slender, jointed, ramous, each joint furnished with a sheath on itslength. — Spikelets three, four. 198 HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA., Bambusa. or more flowered. The inferior scales ( Calyx, ) thereof -abortive, or with male flowers. Corol of two unequal, long, taper, acute-pointed, smooth valves, Stamina six, about as long as the pistil. Germ ovate, Style single. Stigmas three, filiform, woolly. Pericarp. In this singu- lar species, itis a very large, hard, fleshy, conical, smooth taper, curved, pointed fruit, with a single,large, oval seed in each, ee 6. B. spinosa. R. Subarboreous, dreadfully samed with simple, ae com pound spines. Spikelets from three to five-flowered; florets trigynous. Nectary cirenials eats Beng. Behor Bans. Arundarbor spinosa, Rumph, Amb, 4, 14. t. 2. This beautiful, middling sized, very elegant. species, 1 have only found in the vicinity of Calcutta, where now and then some of the oldest. are found to blossom about the beginning of the rains, in June. _ Stems scarcely fistulous, jointed, &c. as in the other spe, cies ; in this many grew so close together, as to appear a single trunk at some distance, and by the help of theif bifariously alternate, triple branches, and. spines, 0 completely bound together, that itis a most arduous task to cut down an old clump of them; joints from six to twelve inches asunder, The plants, or shoots of the clump, which come into flower, Ihave observed to be those of the centre, and they are taller, straighter, and with a much longer cavity, and longer joints than the rest, which are shorter, droop more, and wave elegant- ly with the motion of the wind, notwithstanding they are nearly solid, for it is only the larger stems that have small cavity, the branches being generally solid; whole _ height from thirty to fifty feet, Spines at the joints, and very generally present, through the whole plant triple; this is evidently the habit, though frequently incomplete; the Bambusa. HEXANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 199 middle one is the largest, and often compound ; all are more or less recurved, very strong, and sharp, By the number and strength of these spines, and of the branches of this species, it may be said to form the most impenetrable jungle in India. Leaves sessile on their sheaths, bifari- ous, linear-lanceolate, cuspidate, rarely more than six inches long. ‘The sheaths have their mouths ciliate with hairs and filaments. Inflorescence. The plants of the clump when in flower, form one immense, naked panicle; for at this time there isnot aleaf to be found onthem. Spikelets crowd- ed on the joints of the extreme branchlets, sessile, lanceo-— late, generally three, four, five or six-flowered, &c. ex- actly as in Poa. Florets the inferior two and terminal one male hermaphrodite, or neuter, the middle two, or three, or four hermaphrodite. Calyx, the number of scales which embrace the base of each spikelet uncertain, Co- | rol ; glume, two-valved ; exterior smooth, hard, and point- ed ; inner as long as the exterior, concave behind; margins incuryed, forming one acute angle, asin Poa ; edges of the posterior concavity much ciliate. Nectary of three, Corol-like, oval, ciliate scales, Filaments six, three im- mediately within the nectarial scale, and three alternate with them. Germ clavate. Styles three, cuninnl pees with pale purple wool. : Like the other species, this is employed for various useful purposes ; and as it grows toa pretty large: size, and with a smaller cavity than any of the others, it is’ Revita well adapted for a sabia of uses, z. B, nana. R. ‘Shrubby, unarmed, “Sans. Keu-fa, of the Chinese ; a native of their country, | and now plentiful in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, but — nn me eeeasapuasgsip in rape co ne makes oe t bean re 200 HEXANDRIA DIGYNIA, Oryza, The popular belief, that Bamboos often take fire by the violence of their friction, during those hot, dry months, when, what is called, the land wind prevails, is support- ed by the Sanscrit stanza, quoted by Sir William Jones, (See As. Res. vol. 4. p. 254,) of which the following isa copy- __ “Delight of the world, beloved Chandana, stay no Jong- er in this forest which is overspread with rigid pernicious Vansas, whose hearts are unsound ; who being themselves confounded in the scorching stream of flames, kindled by their mutual attrition, will consume not their own families merely, but this whole world.” HEXANDRIA DIGYNIA. ORYZA. Schreb. gen. n. 609. Calyx, glume two-valved, one-flowered. Corol two- valved, growing to the seed. Nectary two-leaved. Of this genus I have found only two species, but of | the first, sativa, there are between forty and fifty varie- ties known to, and cultivated by the Indian farmers ; they seem all tohave sprung from the wild sort called New- aree by the Telingas, and from it the following descrip: tion is taken. O. sativa.* Willd, 2. 247. &c. &c. Panicle diffuse. pal ts tk Si Unoo, Dhanya, Vrihi, the Sanscrit names of the cultivat- ed sort, and Nivara the wild variety, called by the Telin- gas Newaree, Aruz of the Arabians. — “An improper name, certainly for aaieceaeasena al which is never cultivated ; however as custom has established it for Cin scaseninee vasietion thawad I cannot well attempt to alter it in describing what I take fér the original, wild stock, Som, nhaner the cultivated varieties have sprung, which I am now desc cribing- = Oryza. HEXANDRIA DIGYNIA. 201 © . Dhan the Bengalee name of the plant, and the unhusk- ed rice, and Chaul the clean rice. Uri the generic Telinga name of the cultivated sorts. Urloo the grain in the husk; and Bium the grain, or rice. Newaree of the Telingas is the plant in its wild State. This original stock is always found wild in and about the borders of lakes throughout the Circars, is never cul- tivated so far as I can learn, because the produce, they say, is small, compared to that of the varieties in cultiva- tion. Root fibrous, annual. Culms numerous, near the base floating, or creeping, with the extremities erect, they are _ jointed, round and smooth, from two to eight or ten feet long, according to the depth of the water. Leaves Sheathing, long, and slender, backwardly scabrous; mouth of the sheaths crowned with a large, conical, membranaceous, lacerated process. This process, ligula, or stipule, is common to all the varieties I have examin- ed. Panicle terminal, thin, bowing when the seed is Weighty. Rachis common, and partial, angular, and his- pid. Flowers single, pedicelled. Calyx and corol as described in the Genera plantarum, except that here the large valye of the calyx ends in a very long hispid, co- loured awn. Nectary, two falcate bodies embracing the Posterior half of the germ which are common to all the — Varieties. Stamens six. _ The rice of the wild sort above diactibed, is fetal ably white, palatable, and reckoned very wholesome ; so that it is carefully gathered, and sells dear. The rich esteem ita dainty ; and to make it still more delicate, they boil it only in steam, A coarse kind of confec- tion, called beat rice, is made of it, and sold in most “ab Zars, Adepts in eineiitvand in England and Scotland say there is no such thing in = as perpetual fertility, 202 HEXANDRIA DIGYNIA, Oryza. . they probably do not know that much.of the rice land — in Asia is so situated as to receive no help whatever from — nature, except what the air and rains yield ; however the greatest. proportion, and the best, are those that are overflowed annually by the inundations of large rivers. These we know receive from the waters much fertilizing matter; but the greatest part of the rice lands in the Circars, are of the former sort ; there they depend entire- ly upon the rains ; consequently can receive no help but from the rain. that immediately falls upon them, and the dry stubble that is annually left on the ground, to- | : gether with the remains of a few other plants that may have grown up with the rice. The crop is always al- lowed to be in every part dry ripe before cut, and is then immediately carried.off the field. Cattle are turned to -eatup the stubble through the day; but never suffered to remain on.it all night, as they are then constantly house- ed. I speak of those parts the Circars only which are near Samulcota; they cannot. therefore communicate much fertility to the ground, and I never, saw, nor heard of an east Indian farmer, manuring, in the smallest degree a rice field ; yet these fields have, for probably thousands of years, continued to yield annually a large crop of rice,on an average from thirty to sixty-fold ; agen eighty, ora hundred has been known, 7 ti There is no rotation of crops on rice lands, they lie idle from the time one crop is cut till the next is trans- planted into them, during which time the soil is most pet- fectly dried, I may say burnt up; whether it receives a- ny benefit from. being so, is a as on which I cannot pretend to.give an opinion... a The best rice lands. are extensive open plains, oiceni whickincn rivers pass, and which are exposed to. eve~ ry wind that blows. No hedge, nor any kind of shelter ; is here necessary, so that the plants are exposed to the greatest glare of solar light, and the freest circulation oF er ia . Oryza. HEXANDRIA DIGYNIA. | 203 ; air. The soil is generally of great depth, many feet pure mould without the least mixture of'sand, small stones, &c. Itis of a darker colour than garden mould in general. During the dry hot’ seasons these fields retain the water long upon the surface, allowing but little ‘to” escape through, so that most of the waste is by immediate eva- poration. a The Hindoo farmers divide the numerous varieties into two orders ; the first they call the Poonas, or the early sorts ; the second the Pedda, and Worloo, or Ped- da Panta, which means the late or great crop. 1S 4, Division First, : Teling. Poonas. Sungskrit, Asoo, Beng. were The varieties of this order are generally, if the weather admits,sown thick in June, or early in July, on such small well laboured spots as are a little above the level of the common rice lands, for fear of their being too long inun- dated by heavy rains ; at the same time it is necessary that those spots should be so situated, as to admit of be- ing watered, in case of too dry weather: In about furty days, if the season has been favorable, the young plants will have attainegl to the: height of from nine to eighteen inches ; by this time fields are flooded, ‘slightly plough- ed, and made level by dragging by a pair of bullocks, or buffaloes, a long flat piece of wood. The fields being now in the state of very soft mud ; the plants are taken up and Wansplanted by the hand. It is astonishing to see how Soon a few labourers, men, women, and children, will plant a field, nothing more is now requisite to bring the etop to maturity, than keeping the fields constantly wet, More or less flooded, according to the sort of rice up- °n it, for some sorts require very little water, while others “manne: a great deal. .When nearly ripe, the water is. Off some days before they cut- down: he grain, Zz3 204 HEXANDRIA DIGYNIA. Oryza. which is done with the sickle, as in most parts of Europe. The produce is then carried to some neighbouring elevat- ed spot, where it is stacked, or immediately trod out by © cattle. The grain is then winnowed, dried, and de- posited in pits dug in high ground, and lined with the rice straw. The straw is stacked by the careful far- mer, and reserved to feed his cattle with, during the hot months when all vegetation is burnt up. The following eight sorts are amongst the most com- mon of this division ; and those I am best acquainted with, viz. Ist. Jillama-waree, is the Telinga name of the plant, and Jilla-maloo the ripe grain. This seems the first re- moved from the wild sort, newaree ; the awn is shorter, and there are many of the flowers female. ‘The riceis of a dark colour, and when husked, coarse, and reddish, 2nd. Yerra-dal-waree the plant, and Yerro-daloo the grain. This sort has also a long awn, there are many sale neuter and female flowers mixed with the hermaphrodite ones, It requires less water than most other varieties, of course the higher situations suits it best, particularly if the seasonis very wet. The grain is white, but the husk- ed rice is coarse and reddish ; hence the name 7 which means red. 3rd. Dal-waree, and Dal-waloo the grain. This sort has also along awn. It is chiefly cultivated during the dry season, on such spots as can then be watered ; both. the grain, and husked rice are of a dark blackish brow? colour, and it is reckoned a very coarse sort. Ath. Satica-waree the plant, and Saticaloo the grain- This produces a coarse brown grain, the husked rice of which is coarse, and reddish, It has a long esis — is ~ not much cultivated. 5th. Tella-koadama, the plant, the grain is white,-bat “| the husked rice is coarse and reddish; it has no awn. This a Oryza. HEXANDRIA DIGYNIA. 205 sort is generally sown broad-cast, where it is to grow ; it requires little water, and of course is most cultivated on the higher lands that cannot command constant and re- gular supplies of water. 6th. Suma-waree the plant, and Sumaloo the grain. This is a small grain, of a dark colour, but the husked rice is white, and tolerably fine. It yields but a small pro- duce, and is not much cultivated. Ithas no awn. 7th. Kartee-waree the plant, and Kartikaloo the grain. This sort is much cultivated, to a greater extent than all the other early sorts put together. It has no awn, the grain is of a middling size, brownish coloured ; the rice when husked for the table is tolerably fine and white. It does not require a great deal of water. Sth. Gouree-waree the plant, and Gowree-kunkaloo the grain. This is the finest of the early sorts, the grain has no awn, and is of a pale purplish — and the husked rice is fine and white. ’ There are many other sorts belonging to this division, but as I have not had an opportunity of examining them, I say nothing further about them. Division SeconpD, or Peppa WoRLOoo, 1st, Atagadal-warce the plant and Ata-gadaloo the grain ; of this sort a large proportion is cultivated, pro- _ bably as much as of all the other sorts put together. It is _ without awn,the unhusked and husked rice are both white, and ofan excellent quality ; it requires much water. 2nd. Yerra-suna-waree the plant, and Yerra Sunaloo _ the grain. The unhusked and prepared rice is white, and of 4 Very superior quality, no arista, grain long and slender. 8rd, Kosa-waree the plant, and Kosarloo.the grain. The grain is of a light yellowish brown colour, small, awn- less, and the cleansed rice, white, and Raabe: wat it a Tequires but little water, and is little cultivated, | ip! 206— HEXANDRIA DIGYNIA, | Oryza. Sth. Aksuna-waree the plant, and Aksunaloo the grain. Grain like the last, but the table rice is finer; a large proportion of this is cultivated, 6th. Krishna-neel-waree the plant, and Kirisline-necteliey the grain. The grain is awnless, very small, dark bluish- black colour. The prepared rice weky fine, and white; it is not much cultivated, Shi Ht This rice is generally boiled in: steam, on account of its fineness. It is eaten by the rich only, 7th. Bangar-tiga, a large luxuriant sort; Grain white, and awnless ; prepared rice white, and tolerably fine, it is much cultivated in the Vizagapatam district, Sth. Kalee-ganda. | 'Thisis also a large luxuriant sort. The grain dark-coloured, awnless. The prepared rice to- lerably white, but not fine ; it requires but little water. 9th. Telasuna-waree the plant, and Tella sunaloo the » grain, Itisa large luxuriant variety. The grain white, awnless ; the prepared rice white and fine. It is much colltiamdials ben : : There are besides the wiles about twenty more varie- ties of this division, more or less fine, but the principal are those above-mentioned. 2. 0, coarctata, R. Panicle contracted ; valvelets of the cays subulate. Leaves culm-clasping. A native of the Delta of the Ganges, atid first disco vered there by Dr. Buchanan i in 1796. i time bax rainy season, } PPIEG 3 : Root fibrous, and appearsto be anaes Culms erect, ramous, jointed, from two to four feet high, smooth, their lower parts stem also perennial. Leaves sword-shaped; broadest at the culm-clasping base, tapering to a very fine, long point, smooth, and of a firm texture, unequally divided by the nerve, which is visible on the ‘back only, — margins armed with minute. prickles. Sheaths of the 4 » Leersia, HEXANDRIA DIGYNIA. 207 leaves smooth, with ample, waved, fringed mouths, be- ing a continuation of the leaves themselves. Panicles terminal, contracted, subcylindric. Flowers solitary, pedicelled. Calyx of two, minute, subulate valvelets. Corol two-valved, smooth ; the exterior one boat shaped, ang daggered. I have not been able to learn that any use is made of this sort, nor even to obtain any Asiatic name for it: | LEERSIA. Soland. Calyx ; glume selpsigcommecan one-flowered. Corel none. a L. aristata. fe “Leaves lanceolate, Panicles diverging. Flowers pair- ed, exterior valve of the calyx awned. Nir-valli-pullu. Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 12. Beng. Junglee dal. Found growing on the surface of déexs, standing, sweet water, in the vicinity of Calcutta. Flowering time the cold season. Compare with Pharus aristatus. . Clums jointed, long, floating on, and- in the water; emitting numerous roots from the joints; apices above the water sub-erect. Sheaths much longer than the joints, and about as long as the leaves. ' Leaves sheath- | ing, sublanceolate, rather obtuse ; cordate at the base ; Striated and clouded with dark fib dhiall spots | Kbbve, scabrous. © Panicles thin. Flowers paired on pedicels of very unequal lengths, all hermaphrodite. Calyx ; glume one-flowered, two-valved ; valvelets long, hispid, about five-nerved the exterior ending in a pretty long straight arista, Coro! none. ‘Nectary two-leaved, obcordate, crenulate, Stamens six. Germ ovate. Styles two. Stig- mas plumose, ©’ ae a 2.Lciliata,R. tou * Leaves linear-lanceolate, margins: bachaily isp é 208 HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Rumex, Panicles oblong. Flowers solitary, valves of the calyx equal in length, and awnless, but amplyciliate on the back. Pharus ciliatus. Retz. obs, 5. p. 23. A native of Bengal, where it occupies with its primitive roots the margins of pools, lakes, &c. of sweet water, sending forth innumerable, several-fathoms-long, float- ing stems, and branches over the surface of the water, to a much greater extent than L. aristata, which grows in the same manner, but rarely extends more than a few feet. Cattle are fond of the former. Compare with Leersia hexandra of Swartz, and Leer- sia australis Brown’s Prodromus. In both the foregoing species I have never found the flowers completely herma- phrodite. HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA. RUMEX. Schreb. gen. n. 613. Calyx three-leaved. Petals three, converging. 'Three- seeded. 1, R. acutus. Willd. 2. 253. Annual (in India.) Flowers hermaphrodite, valvelets all grain-bearing, at the flowering time entire, at the fruit time toothed; verticels approximate, with most numer- ous, pedicelled, drooping flowers. Leaves lanceolate, entire. : | _ Hind. Jool-pallum. Beng. Bun-palung. This plant is common about Calcutta in low places, during the dry season, it perishes as soon as the first rains begin. * Root long, slender, somewhatramous, annual, external- ‘ ly of a pale yellowish brown colour. Stem erect, ramous, — Aponogeton, ‘HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 209 furrowed, otherwise smooth; from one to three feet high. Leaves alternate, all petioled, lanceolate ; the superior or floral leaves linear, and very smooth ; all are entire, wav- ed and smooth, from one to twelve inches long. Petioles with a trifling membranaceous vagina at the base; _verti- cels numerous, approximate, consisting of numerous, drooping, pedicelled flowers. Calyx; leaflets linear, small. Corol, valvelets ovate-lanceolate, callous grained on the outside; at the flowering time they are entire, and as the seed advances to maturity become toothed on the sides, by which time the grains are very large, oblong- ovate, and with a granulous surface. Style short, fili- form. Stigmas pencil-shaped, Observation. This differs from R. acutus of Europe in being annual, and I think it may be a different species. I must however leave it to those to point out wherein they differ, who have an opportunity of doing so with the living plants before them. Every part thereof possesses a considerable de- gree of astringency and bitterness, without any thing like acidity, 2. R. vesicarius. Willd, 2. 256. Flowers hermaphrodite, geminate; all the valves very large, membranaceous, reflexed. Leaves undivided. Sans. Shutavedhee. Beng. Chooka-palung. Arab. Humarbostanee. Pers. Toorshumuk. Found cultivated in gardens all over Asia, and Gaod by the natives in their food, as well as medicinally. APONOGETON. Schreb. gen. n. ae _ Calyx, or corol two-leaved. Capsules three or four, superior, each containing two, or more seeds. _ Aa 210 HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Aponogeton, 1. A. monostachyon. Willd. 2. 917. Corom. pl. 1. N. 81. Spike single, simple. Leaves linear, with cordate base. ~ Capsules smooth, with about six seeds in each. Parua-kelanga. Rheed. Mal. 11, ¢. 15, Sans. Kakangi. Hind. Ghechoo. - Nama is the Telinga name of the plant, and nama- - dumpa of the root. Saururus natans. Mant. 227. GGe* It is a native of shallow, standing, sweet water; and appears, and flowers during the rains. Root tuberous, perennial. Leaves radical, ong: peti- oled, linear-oblong, at the base cordate, pointed, entire, — smooth, from three to five-nerved, from three to six inch- es long, and about one broad. Scapes as long as the leaves, a little striated, perforated by many pores length- ways. Spikes elegantly bent this way and that, closely surrounded with flowers. Calyx, orcorol, which you may please, two wedge-shaped, concave leaflets, or petals, in- serted at the base of the two fissures, between the inferior and two superior germs, permanent, Filaments always six, shorter than the bractes, withering. Anthers blue. Germs constantly three, surrounded by the permanent . stamens. Capsules three, pointed, with the remaining style, smooth, one-celled, from four to eight seeded, Seeds oblong, inserted into the base of the capsule, The natives are fond of the roots, which a are nearly as good as potatoes. I have removed this genus from the fourth order of _the seventh class, to the third order of the sixth, as all ‘my four Indian species are uniformly hexandrous, and for the most part with three germs. 2. A. ¢hinatum. R. Spike single, and simple. | Leaves linear, with ise base. Capsules echinate. — about six, ces, Aponogeton. HEXANDRIA. TRIGYNIA. 211 Found, with the former species growing in shallow © fresh water all over the Circars, 3. A. undulatum. R. Said a Stoloniferous. Spikes meaples Leaves lanceolate, waved. A native of Bengal, and like A. monostachyon, grows in standing sweet water. It flowers during the rains. Root tuberous, perennial, stole-bearing and edible. - Leaves radical, petioled, generally under, or floating on the water, lanceolate, waved, from ‘three to five-nerved, with numerous, small, expanding yeins, from four to six inches long, and Jess than one broad, Petioles compress- ed, shorter than the leaves, __ Scapes round, smooth, the length various, according to the depth of the water, thickening as it ascends. Spikes simple, crowded with flowers. Bractes and stamens as iti A. monostachyon. Germs three, sometimes four, but this does not affect the number of stamens ; in all the flowers I examined, they are invariably six. Capsules smooth. Seed generally one or two, oblong. : 4.A. microphyllum. R. - Root tuberous. Spike single, simple: Leaves radical, cylindric, many times shorter than the spike. Capsules | with one or two seeds, A native of damp places near the Bhotan’ mountains, Flowering time, the rainy season. Root tuberous, and esculent. Leaves radical, ett about three, four, or five to the scape, spreading close: on the surface of the earth, sub-semicylimdric, their mar- gins being incurved ; about one inch long, and one-eighth’ ofaninch broad. Scape erect, round, smooth, three or four times longer than the leaves. Spathe caducous. _ Spike terminal, suberect, every where covered with beautifal: blue colounps flowers. Calyx ( bractes or coroly tele Wes Aa2 eae 212 HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Andersonia,. ed ; leaflets wedge-shaped, expanding. Stamens uniform- ly six. Germsthree. Capsules with one, or two round seeds in each, ANDERSONIA. R. Calyx three-five-parted. Corol petalled. Nectary | globular, with the sessile anthers aflixed to its inside. Germ superior, three-celled ; cells two-seeded; attachment interior. Capsules three-celled, three-valved. Seeds so- | litary, arilled. Embryo inverse, without perisperm. 1t was named in memory of the late Dr, James Ander- son, Physician at Madras. It differs from Cupania in having a three-petalled corol, and globular antheriferous nectary; and from Guarea and Persoonia in the calyx and pericarpium. 1. A. cucullata. R. Polygamous, Leaves unequally pinnate; leaflets op- posite, from two to four pair, obtuse. Hermaphrodite peduncles axillary, few flowered, male panicled. Beng. Umut. A tree of considerable size, but of very slow growth, & native of the Delta of the Ganges. Flowering time, the latter part ofthe rainy season, and the beginning of the “ cold season. Trunk in young trees straight, with few branches ; the bark ash-coloured, and smooth ; young shoots also smooth. Leaves alternate, unequally pinnate, from six to eighteen inches long. Leaflets opposite, two, three, or four pair, short-petiolated, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, un- equally divided by the nerve, polished on both sides, and of a firm texture ; margins entire, from three to six inches long. The terminal leaflet is often cowled at the base, hence the specific name. Petioles nearly round, and pretty. smooth. Stipules none. MALE tree. Panicles axillary, solitary, ions about 7 Andersonia. HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA, 213 as long as the leaves ; ramifications numerous, diverging. Flowers numerous, small, yellow. Bractes a small ob- scure scale, under each division of the panicle, and two pressing the calyx laterally. Calyx small, one-leaved, three-toothed. The two bractes, while they remain, make it appear five-parted. Petals three, oval, concave, press- ed to the nectary. Nectary round, turbinate, with a con- tracted triangular opening on the apex. Filaments none. Anthers from six to eight, sessile, round the inside of the nectary, apparently abortive. Germ none, but a clavate gland in its place. HERMAPHRODITE tree. Peduncles axtibainys solita- ry from three to six-flowered. Flowers longer than the male, in other respects the same. Calyx, corol, and nec- tary as in the male, Anthers always six. «Germ supe- rior, three-sided, ovate, covered with minute, stellate scales, three-celled, with two ‘vertically placed ovula in each, attached to the middle of the axis, Style none. Stigma large, three-lobed; lobes somewhat two-lobed. Capsule nearly round, as large as a middling sized apple, three-lobed, three-celled, three-valved. Cortex thick, firm, and ofa tough, fleshy texture. Seeds solitary, ofa - roundish trigonal shape, three-fourths covered with a fleshy bright orange-coloured aril, Integument under the arilsmooth, and of a chesnut colour. -Perisperm none. Embryo inverse. Cotyledons conform to the seed. Plu- mula two-lobed. Radicle semilunar, superior. — 2. A. Rohituka. R. Polygamous. Leaves unequally pinnate ; leaflets six- Paired, obliquely oblong, entire, smooth, opposite. In- florescence axillary, the fertile flowers spiked, the abor- tive ones panicled. “Sans. Rohituka. Beng. TVikta-raj. - Hind, Harrin-hara, or khana. 214 HEXANDRIA TRIGYNIA> — Andersonia, These synonyms refer chiefly to the shies hermaphro- dite, or fertile tree. A small tree, a native of Bengal. Flowering time the rainy season. Trunk pretty straight, caieee seith smooth, ashiole loured bark. Branches not very numerous, but spreading and drooping much; and. so densely decorated with leaves, as to yield.themost complete shade. Leaves al- ternate, unequally pinnate, from. one, to two feet long. Leaflets from four, to,eight pair, opposite, short-petioled, _ oblong, and linear-oblong, somewhat falcate, entire, ob- tusely cuspidate, smooth on both sides; the most exte-_ rior are about;six inches long, while the lower pair is scarcely half the length, Petioles nearly round, and very slightly villous. Stipules none. “4 MAte tree. Panicles axillary, or rather a little above, shorter than the leaves, composed of numerous, simple, diverging, somewhat drooping ramifications. Flowers nu- merous, subsessile, small, white, inodorous. Bractes mi- nute, scales under the divisions of the panicle, and ca- lyx. Calyx one-leaved, thick, firm and fleshy. Border di- videdinto five nearly equal, imbricate, reniform segments. Petals three, oval, concave. Nectary globular, pure white, fleshy, smooth, with a roundish triangular open- ing on the apex, Filaments none. Anthers six, theit back attached to the inside of the nectary. Germ abor- tive. Ee HERMAPHRODITE tree. Spikes axillary,solitary, pedua- cled, erect, generally simple, rather more than half the length of the leaves. Flowers sessile, numerous, small, cream-coloured. Bractes, a very minute one below each flower. Calyx five-leaved. Leaflets orbicular, unequal, leathery, concave, smooth on both sides. Petals three, roundish, concave, much longer than the calyx. Nee- tary globular, fleshy, perforated at the apex, occupying Damasonium. HEXANDRIA HEXAGY¥NIA. 215 the whole centre of the corol ;inclosing the stamens, and pistil. Filaments none, or very short. Anthers six, li- near, pointed, joined to the inside of the nectary, with their apices just appearing at its perforation, which makes the nectary look as if its mouth was six-toothed. » Germ three-celled, with two ovula in each, attached to the middle of the axis. Style scarcely any. Stigma three-lob- ed; lobes emarginate. Capsule round, about aninch and a quarter in diameter, smooth, pale yellow, rather soft and fleshy, three-celled, three-valved, opening from the apex. Seeds solitary, oblong, enclosed in a complete, thick, fleshy, scarlet aril, which is attached length-ways to the three-partible mouth of the capsule, and this again to a light coloured mark on the inner edge of the seed, and round its apex. Integuments two ; exterior the colour, po- lish, and consistence of the chesnut; the inner one lighter coloured, thin and firmly attached to the cotyledons. Pe- risperm none. Embryo inverse, minute, until vegetation has taken place, Cotyledons conform to the seed, and sofirmly and completely united, as to seem one, until the two-lobed plumula, and superior radicle, are consider- ably advanced. From the seeds of this species, the natives, where the trees grow plentifully, extract an oil, which they use for various economical purposes. HEXANDRIA HEXAGYNIA. DAMASONIUM. Schreb. gen. n. 624. Spathe superior. Perianth superior, three-leaved. Corol three-petalled. Germ lanceolate, from six to twelve-cell- ed ; cells many-seeded ; attachment septal. Styles equal- ling i in number the cells of the germ, Capsule one-celled, Six-valved, Seeds numerous. Embryo minute ; direction Various ; perisperm ample, 216 HEXANDRIA HEXAGYNIA. Damasonium. 1. D. indicum. Willd. 2. 276. Corom. pl. 2. N. 185. Ottel-ambel. Rheed. Mal. 11. ¢. 46. Beng. Parmi-kulla. Teling. Neer-venekee. An annual plant, a native of sweet water, Flowering ’ time the rainy season. Root fibrous, Leaves radical, petioled, from oblong-cor- date to broad-cordate, waved, from seven to eleven- nerved, smooth, of a thin membranaceous texture ; size very various, say six inches each way; they generally grow under the water. Petioles three-sided, length va- rious. Peduncles radical, with the petioles, of suffi- cient length to raise the flower above the surface of the water, from four to five-sided, smooth, one-flowered. Calyx, spathe, superior, one-leaved, from five to six- winged ; wings membranaceous, waved ; mouth five or six-toothed. Perianth superior, three-leaved ; leaflets lanceolate, three-nerved. Corol three-petalled, Nectary three small, obcordate scales within the insertion of the petals. Filaments from six to twelve, erect. Anthers linear, erect. Germ within the belly ofthe spathe and in- ferior to the perianth, from six to twelve-celled, each con- taining numerous ovula attached to the partitions, as in Nymphea. Styles from six to twelve, half two-cleft. Stig- mas acute. Capsule oblong, crowned with the withered perianth, six-grooved ; one-celled, six-valved. Seeds nu- merous, affixed to six sharp keels, (parietal receptacles,) running on the inside of the sutures of the six valves. % k CLASS VII. HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. PISONIA. Schreb. gen. n. 1603. Calyx campanulate, five-toothed. Corol none. Seed solitary, involved in the enlarged, bacciform calyx. Eni- bryo erect, a embracing a central perisperm. 1.P. aculeata, Willd. 2. 283. Geert. Sem. 1. 367. t. 76. ~ Dioecous, shrubby, scandent. Thorns axillary, recurv- ed. Leaves oblong. Panicles axillary. | Beng. Baghachura. “<— Tam, Karu-indu. ~Tragularia horrida, of Konig. M. S. 8. ~-Teling. Kunki-pootri, _ A very common, strong, large, straggling shrub. - Trunk scarcely to be distingaished. Bark smooth, dark-olive-coloured. ranches numerous, nearly oppo- _ Site, decussate, horizontal, extending far; young parts downy. Thorns axillary, solitary, recurved, very sharp, and strong. Leaves sub-opposite, petioled, oval, obtuse. a little downy. Flowers collected on smail, rigid, ter- minal, and axillary panicles. Main. Calyx, bell-shaped, five-toothed, five-angled, Somewhat scabrous. Corol none. Filaments seven Sreight, twice the length of the calyx, inserted into a leshy receptacle, which surrounds the base of the abor- Se a: tive germ. Anthers eae: Germ lancetlales be ; | Bh pe 218 HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Jonesia. Femaue. Calyx asin the male. Corol none. Stamens none, Germ superior, conical. Style longer than the calyx. Stigmaheaded, Pericarp none, the calyx now enlarged, and contracted at the mouths serves for one, It is five-sided, each angle being armed with two or three _rows of conical, headed, very glutinous glands. Seeds one, nearly cylindric, &c. as described by Geertner. | It makes most excellent,impenetrable fences, and when fairly caught in its trammels, it is no easy matter to be extricated, the prickles being so numerous, strong, crook- ‘ed, and sharp. Both Konig and myself were so situated a- mongst the Vandalore hills near Madras, and hence be named it T. horrida, not at that time suspecting it tale : Pisonia aculeata. Plants received from the West Indies into the Botamie ‘ carden at Calcutta, do not in any respect differ from our Fast Indian one, which grows common in forests, hedges, &e. Hi J ONESTA. R. Calyx two-leaved. Corol infundibuliform, the tabe fleshy and closed, border four-parted. Nectary, a stami- — -niferous and pistiliferous ring crowning the mouth of the tube. Germ pedicelled. Legume turgid, from four to eg seeded. J. asoca, R. in Asiat. Res. 4, 355. Y Leafleis five pair, lanceolate. Flowers heptandrous. Jonesia pinnata. Willd. 2. 287. f Asoca. Asiat. Res. 3. 254, and 4. 274. Asjogam. Rheed. Mal. 5. p. 117. tab. 59. Beng. Usok. o Found in gardens about Calcutta, where it grows to be a very handsome, middling sized, ramous tree; flowet- ing time the beginning of the hot season; the seeds hao 2 during the rains, Jonesia. HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. “, SiS The plants and seeds were probably brought originally from the eastern frontier of Bengal, where it is indigenous. Trunk erect, though not very straight. Bark dark brown, pretty smooth. Branches numerous,speading in every direc- tion, so as to forma most elegant, large shady head. Leaves alternate, abruptly pinnate, sessile, generally more than a_ foot long ; when young, pendulous, and coloured. Leaflets opposite, from four to six-pair, the lower pairs broad-lan- ceolate ; the superior lanceolate ; all are smooth, shining, and of a firm texture, with their margins a little waved. Common petioles, round, smooth, Stipules axillary, solita- ry, in fact a process from the base of the common petiole, as‘in many ofthe grasses. Cymes terminal and axillary, between the stipule and branchlets, nearly globular, large, and crowded with flowers. Bractesa small, cordate, one under each division, and subdivision of the cyme. Pedun- cles, and pedicels smooth, and reddish-coloured. Flowers numercus, pretty large ; when they first expand, they are ofa beautiful orange colour, gradually changing to red, forming a variety of beautiful shades, fragrant during the night. Calyx two-leaved ; leaflets nearly opposite, coloured, cordate, bracte-like, marking the termination of the pedicel, or the beginning of the tube of the corol. Co- rol one-petalled, funnel-formed. Tube slightly incurved, firm, and fleshy, tapering towards the base, and imper- vious. Border four-parted ; divisions spreading, sub- orbicular, one-third the length of the tube ; margin slightly woolly. Nectary, a staminiferous, and pistilifer- ous, crenulated ring crowning the mouth of the tube. Filaments generally seven, and seven must, I think, be the natural number ; viz. three on each side, and one be- low; above a vacancy, as if the placeof an eight filament, .ecupied on its inside by the pedicel of the germ ; the fila- ments are equal, distinct, ascending, and about three, or four times longer than the border of ~ ry are ‘An- Bb2 ets 220 HEPTANDRIA MONOGYNIA., Jonesia.. thers reniform, small, incumbent. Germ oblong, pedi- celled ; pedicel inserted into the inside of the nectary, immediately below the vacant space already mentioned, one-celled, from eight to twelve-seeded, attached to the upper margin of the cell. Sty/e nearly as long as the stamens, declining. Stigma simple. Legume scimi- tar-shaped, turgid, on the outside reticulated, otherwise pretty smooth, from six to ten inches long, and about two broad. Seeds generally from four to eight, smooth, gray, the size of a large chesnut. Note. Many of the flowers have only the rudiment A | of a pistilium. . When this tree is in full blossom, I do not think the ; whole vegetable kingdom, affords a more beautiful object. ae: 2. J. scandens. R. es Shrubby scandent, or twining. Leaflets two or three pairs. | A native of Sumatra, and has been received into the - : Botanic garden at Calcutta, but has not yet ploddomieee ao there. Sir William Jones, whose name this genus bears, mentions (Asiat. Res. 4. 275.) a twining species, to which Jayadeva gave the epithet voluble which : is pro- bably a fourth species, if not this. ; 3. J. triandra. R. Leaflets two pair, oval. Flowers triandrous. _A native of the Malay Archipelago. CLASS VIII. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. acd XANTHOPHYLLUM. R. Calyx five-leaved. Corol five-petalled, sub-papiliona- ceous. Germ superior, one-celled, few-seeded, attached to two opposite parietal receptacles. Berry one- -seeded. Enbryo transyerse, without perisperm. “1, X. virens. R. Panicles interfoliaceous and terminal. Germ four-seed- ed. : Beng. Gundee. 95 A large timber tree, a native of the thick forests of Silhet, where it blossoms int March and the seed ripens in. June and J uly. The wood is said to be oe hard: and useful to the natives. Branches and branchlets very numerous, and hen Crowded, smooth. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, from oblong to lanceolar, entire, of a firm texture, and polish- ed;. about six inches long, and from one and a half to ‘wo and half broad, Stipules none. Panicles terminal, and between the leaves, internodal, very numerous and pretty much crowded with flowers ; in general they are ‘Shorter than the leaves, and every part is sr rs humerous, rather small, colour a mixture of y oe a = = 222 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Xanthophyllum. low and pink, generally solitary, pretty long-pedicelled. Bractes tern, at the base of each solitary pedicel, small, ensiform, villous, caducous. Calyx five-leaved, rather un- equal, the lower two, and the superior one being smaller. Petals five, the superior and lateral four nearly equal, sub-spatulate, falcate ; the upper two from what may be called the vexillum; the fifth or lower, (carina,) boat- shaped, unguiculate, and pink-coloured. Filaments eight, incurved, nearly equal, shorter than the corol, and hairy; four of them inserted on the claws of the upper four petals, two on the claw of the lower, viz. the cari- na, and the remaining two into the receptacle, be- tween the two petals which form the vexillum and the two wings. Anthers oval, Germ superior, short- pedicelled, the insertion of which is embraced bya seven-angled, nectarial cup, round, ribbed, a little hairy, one-celled, containing four ovula, attached two and two to two opposite sub-parietal receptacles, near the base of the cell. Style the length of the stamina, toward the apex incurved. Stigma slightly two-lobed. Berry globular, short-pedicelled, of a firm fleshy texture, when , ripe, olive-coloured, and about the size of a pigeon’s egg; one-celled. Seed solitary, nearly round; attachment lateral. Integument single, rather thick ana brownish. — Perisperm none. Embryo. transverse, green, Cotyle- dons two, conform to the seed, equal. Radiele lateral, truncate, lodged immediately within the umbilicus of the seed, and pointing toit. 2 2. X. flavescens. R. Panicles axillary and terminal, _ SGerms from eight to ten-seeded. Two glands on the back of the leaves 1 non. the base. Beng. Ajensak, | A large tree, a native of the hilly parts of the province wf Chittagong, where it blossoms in May, and is so mr Osbeckia. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 293 ry much like the former species, virens, that I was for some time inclined to consider them only varieties of one species, but attentive examinations made at various times, give me reason to think they are sufficiently dis- tinct. In the former, virens, the leaves continue green when dry, and are destitute of the two small, hollow glands on the base of the lower pair of veins, one on each of the lower ends of the rib, or nerve, which particular- ly mark flavescens. The panicles except those that ter- minate the twigs, are in this perfectly axillary ; in that far above the axills, and their insertions accompanied by two or three, vertically situated knobs or buds, as in some species of Capparis, &c. There the germ has never more than four ovula, inserted by pairs on opposite sides near the bottom of the cell; here are from eight to twelve ovula in the germ, inserted on opposite sides of the cell, from the base to near the top. There the stigma is large and more or less two-lobed; here’simple, In other res- pects they agree so well, that it seems unnecessary to figure more of flavescens, than the back of the base of one leaf, to shew the two glands. OSBECKIA. Schreb. gen. n. 635. Calyx from four to five-cleft; lobes separated with afringed scale. Corol from four to five-petalled. An-. thers beaked, Capsule four-celled, girt with the tube of the calyx. 1.0. zeylanica. Willd, 2. 300. Annual, bristly. Leaves petioled, oblong, bristly. Flowers axillary, and terminal. _ Anative of Ceylon. | _ Stem annual, erect, four-sided, the ainies armed with ‘rect bristles. Branches opposite, stem-like ; whole height about one foot. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong; entire, fringed, bristly on both ninhnne Flowers # sillary, — 224 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Osbeckia, and terminal; those of the axils solitary, and short-pe- duncled ; the terminal from one to five, or seven toge- ther, and still shorter peduncled, a large, beautiful bright blue-purple. Bracies fringed, Calyx bristly ; interme- ‘diate scales»consisting of a pedicelled star of bristles each. ; 2. O. chinensis. Willd, 2. 360. Annual, erect, four-seeded, scabrous. Leaves sessile, lanceolate, three-nerved. . Flowers terminal, subsessile, four smaller divisions of the calyx fringed. Found in Cuttack, on dry rice fields, in flower during the cold season. ; Gees a , 3. O. tetrandra. R. ae Shrubby, scandent. Leaves opposite, three-nerved. e Panicle terminal. Flowers tetrandrous. g8 A large, climbing’ shrub, a native of Pulo Pinang ae Tendrils few, scattered, solitary, undivided. Pie Leaves opposite, short-petioled, three-nerved, cordate ae oblong, entire, smooth on both sides; a marginal vein runs round the leaves, which gives (her the appearance — of being five-nerved. Petioles short, bristly on the up- per side. Panicles terminal, cross-armed, conical; dé visions thereof trichotomous, Calyx one-leaved. Tube gibbous, permanent. Border four-parted, deciduous. — Petals four, alternate with the stamens, long-clawed, -cres- cent-shaped, fringed, each having a long spur projecting downward from the inside. Filaments four, inserted into the calyx. Anthers erect ; before expansion their points — are lodged in four deep pits, between the calyx and germ, with long perforated beaks and two small scales at the — base of each on the inside. Germ hidden within the calyx: Style awled.. Stigma simple. Capsules roundish, crowned with the entire tube of the calyx, four-celled ; cells 0j ingat top. Seeds Mog numerous. Receptacle semiluna zi Combretum. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 225 Observation. This plant appears to me to be nearly allied to Osbec- kia, however the want of the intermediate small scales of the calyx, and their being only four stamens, are I think sufficient motives for doubt. Compare with Melastoma, also with Rhexia. New genus (Blank.) Calyx entire. Corvol four-petalled, insertod on the calyx. Capsule inferior, four-celled; receptacles parie- tal. Seeds numerous. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, ovate-oblong, entire, pointed, three-nerved, smooth on both sides. Corymbs terminal, and axillary, much shorter than the leaves, crowded, decompound, Flowers numerous, small. Brac- tes minute. Calyx entire. Petals four, contorted, ovate- cordate, subsessile, expanding, inserted in the mouth of the calyx. Filaments eight, the length of the petals, insert- ed into the calyx under the petals, points incurved and fine. Anthers crescent-shaped, with a double pollenifer- 0us groove on the inside, Germ inferior, roundish, small. Style the length of the stamens. Stigma clavate. Capsule four-celled, four-valved, crowned with the remaining calyx. Seeds numerous, aflixed to four, callous, vertical parietal receptacles, as in Vallisneria, &c. | COMBRETUM. Schreb. gen. n. 6Al. _ Calyx superior, from four to five-toothed. Corol from four to five-petalled, inserted with the stamina into the mouth of the calyx. Germ one-celled; ovula from two to four; attachment superior. Seeds solitary, from four & > five-winged, orlobed. Embryo inverse, be rer pee 226 OCTANDRIA MON®GYNIA, Combretum, 1. C. ovalifolium. R. Scandent. Leaves opposite, oval, smooth, obtuse. Spikes axillary and terminal, the latter compound. Ca- lyx subrotate. Petals elliptic. : _ Anative of Coromandel. Flowering time in the Bo- tanic Garden at Calcutta March and April. The seeds ripen during the rainy season. Stem stout, and ligneous, soon dividing into numerous, woody, scandent branches and branchlets of great ex- tent. Bark of the old parts rough, and brown; of the young shoots smooth. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oval, entire, obtuse, smooth on both sides ; from four to six inches long, and two to three broad. Stipules none. Spikes terminal and axillary ; the former compound, hay- ing two, or three pairs of opposite, expanding branch- es, and may be called a panicle. Bractes minute, subulate, one-flowered. Flowers small, yellowish white, sessile. Calyx without a tube, concave within, and there ~ the rim is surrounded with a large, orange-coloured, — hairy ring ; border four-parted ; segments three, angular, reflexed. Petals elliptic, obtuse, longer than the seg- ments of the calyx, smooth, white. Filaments longet than the petals, incurved, alternately somewhat shorter. - Germ inferior, oblong, one-celled, containing two ovu- la, attached to the top of the cell. Style shorter than the stamina. Stigma simple. Seed narrow-lanceolat, four-winged ; wings semilunar, smooth, membranace-_ ous. Integuments two; interior thin, and brown. — Perisperm none. Embryo inverse. Cotyledons intti- — cately folded into the four lobes of the seed, when ex- ‘panded two-lobed, as in most of the Convolvulacea. Rar dicle supetior. 2, Cc. rolubilifitiats R. Fe Scandent. Leaves opposite, petioled, ously oun smooth, entire. Racemes axillary, solitary, cylindr Combretum. -OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 227 dense. Flowers pedicelled ; calyx narrow-campanulate ; petals obcordate. Cou-luta the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is in- digenous. Flowering in January and February. Stem and branches scandent ; the young shocts often twining. Leaves opposite, or nearly so, petioled, sub- rotund, entire, smooth ; from three to five inches long, and nearly as broad. Petioles about an inch long. Ra- cemes axillary, solitary, long-peduncled, short, cylin- dric, crowded with numerous, small, straw-coloured, pedicelled flowers. Bractes subulate, one-flowered, caducous. Calyx narrow-campanulate, four-toothed. Petals four, obcordate, and about as long as the teeth ofthe calyx. Filaments eight, long and slender, just under the insertion of each is a hairy gland. Germ lan- ceolar, four-sided, one-celled, containing two ovula at- tached to the top of the cell. 3. C. costatum. R, Scandent. Leaves opposite, oblong, smooth, veins Single and parallel. Spikes axillary, single, or paired ; calyx cup-shaped ; petals lanceolar, minute. Tali jooniar the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is agi and like the other East India species, a large, Scandent shrub. Flowering time March and April. __ _ Branchlets opposite, or dichotomous, round, and smooth. Leaves opposite short-petioled, oblong, taper- Pointed, entire, smooth on both sides ; veins simple and parallel ; about six inches long, and three broad. Sti- pules none, Spikes axillary, and terminal, single, or in -Pairs, subsessile, from one to two inches long. Flowers numerous, scattered, small, dull yellow. Bractes mi- _ ‘Rute, one on the under side of each germ. Calyx cup- - Shaped, obscurely four-toothed, pretty smooth and eyen a on both sides, < Petals fows, very small, lanceolar, : Cc2Z 298 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Combretum. laments eight, smooth, many times longer than the calyx, and inserted into it. Anthers two-lobed. Germ inferior, one-celled, containing two, three, or four ovula, attached to the top of the cell. Style nearly as long as the stami- na. Stigma acute. 4. C. acuminatum. R. Scandent. Leaves opposite, and alternate, subsessile, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, with a cordate base. Spikes — q axillary, and terminal. Calyx campanulate, a very be belt within. Petals subrotund. Patjooni, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is" found wild in the forests, running over trees, &c. to a great extent. Flowers in March and April; seed ripe in July. ; | Young shoots downy. Leaves subopposite, and alter- nate, subsessile, from oblong to ovate-lanceolate, entire; base cordate; apex alternate and acute; upper surface pretty smooth, villous underneath ; from four to six inches — long, and from one to three broad. Spikes axillary and terminal, peduncled, shorter than the leaves, villous. Flowers numerous, sessile, small, yellow. Calyx cam- panulate ; mouth acutely four-toothed, round the inside just below the insertion of the filaments, is a very hairy, membranaceous ring, with the lower hairs thereof point- ing down, while those above point up through the mouth of the tube, and are straw-coloured. This hairy valve, or membrane, will immediately point out this species. * Petals four, round-oval, yellow. Stamina eight. Germ ovate, one-celled, containing three or four ovula, at- tached to the top of the cell. | Style length of the stami- na. Stigma simple. Seed oblong, four-cornered, the four — sides grooved; angles thick and rounded, smooth, dark ; brown and dry. Integuments two, no perisperm. Embryo inverse, with the large cotyledons most intricately folded — Combretum. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 229 as in the Convolvulacee, and not expanding, or rising above ground during vegetation, 5. C. extensum. R. Shrubby, climbing and twining to a great extent. Leaves opposite, oblong, smooth, entire. Spikes lateral, often compound, short-peduncled, ovate. Calyx infun- dibuliform, smooth ; divisions acute, Petals truncated. A most extensive, stout, woody, twining, and climb- , ing plant, with smooth brown bark ; a native of the Ma- lay Islands. From Amboyna it has been introduced in- to the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, where it blossoms in January and February ; seed ripe in April. ; Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong, entire, firm and polished, about six inches long, and about three broad. Spikes lateral, and axillary; the first from the former years branches, below the leaves, short-peduncled, often compound much shorter than the leaves, ovate, and Closely covered with diverging, small, pale greenish white flowers, becoming reddish by age. Bractes most Ininute, one-flowered. Calyx funnel-shaped ; border of - four, triangular, recurved, acute, divisions. Petals four, not half the length of the divisions of the calyx, ovate. truncate, but as the edges become revolute, they then appear acute. Filaments eight, inserted into the mouth of the calyx, and longer than the divisions of its border, Anthers roundish, orange-coloured, Germ inferior, li- near-oblong, one-celled, containing two, three, or four * Seeds attached to the top of thecell. Style so long as to elevate the stigma even with the anthers. Seed al- ways single, and with Geertner, I consider the exterior integument thereof all there is for a seed vessel, which is of a lanceolateshape, with four grooves on the four sides, and the four angles extended into four, large, scariose, Semilunar wings. Inner integument more spongy and — ©ntering into the four angular grooves formed by the a 230 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Combretum, ings of the lobes. Perisperm none. Embryo inverse, Cotyledons two, oval, three-nerved, emarginate, plaited into each other. Plumula minute. Radicle clavate, superior, pointing directly to the convoluted cord, which attaches the inner integument to the outer, under the style. 6. C. chinensis. R. Subarboreous, scandent. Leaves opposite, and tern, oblong, smooth. Spikes axillary, shorter than the leaves. Tube of the calyx clavate, mouth shut with hairs. A very large, spreading, ramous, scandent plant, in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta ; originally from China, Flowering time in Bengal the beginning of the cold _season. Y Trunk scarcely any, but numerous branches, spreading _ : in every direction and climbing when supported, to the extent of somefathoms. Bark dark brown ; and pretty smooth. Leaves opposite, and tern, petioled, drooping, entire, oblong, polished on both sides ; about four inches long, and two broad. Spikes axillary, solitary, simple, erect, subcylindric, compact, scarcely half the length of the leaves, bearing sessile flowers on all sides, _Bractes subulate, recurved. Calyx. Tube, clavate ; mouth shut with hairs ; border of four, acute segments. Petals obo-— e vate, acuminate, twice longer than the segments of the calyx, Stamens eight,a little longer than the petals. Germ sessile. Style nearly equalling the Blanca Seed with four large wings. This is evidently different from C. secundum aid de- candrum but to distinguish it-from laxum, requires that attention be paid to the three-fold leaves ; the form and 2 length of the spikes, the size of the petals, sae the length of the filaments. Vide Jacquin. a Amer. p, 103. 45. Combretum. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 231 7. C. macrophyllum, R. Scandent, smooth. Leaves opposite, ovate. Racemes axillary, subcylindric, dense and crowded. Calyx infun- dibuliform. Segments acuminate. Petals oval. A very extensive, powerful rambler, a native of Chit- tagong, where it blossoms in December. It is readily distinguished by the flowers being pedicelled, and while _ in the bud acutely conical, also within is a hairy rim round its mouth, below the eight stamina. The larger leaves are about a foot long, and from six to eight inches broad. 8. C. squamosum. R. | _Scandent, all the tender parts covered with minute scales, Leaves opposite short-petioled, oblong, entire, acute. Panicles terminal, and.axillary. Petals lanceo- lar. : A native of the Malay Archipelago, * 9. C. laxum. Willd. 2. 319. Scandent, Leaves oval. Racemes lengthened, thin of flowers and without bractes. Calyx woolly within. Teling. Bandikota. A native of the Northern Circars, but I doubt whether itbe the same as the American species with the same Specific name. 10. C. pilosum. R. sir . Scandent. Leaves opposite, IBA 5 " Pies cles uncommonly dense and hairy. Flowers hairy, decan- drous. Petals lanceolar. Beng. Jooni-ugur. - A native of the Silhet district, and like the other Indian Species, an extensive, very permanent, large scandent — Species with the more slender branches twining. Bark oe of the ligneous parts prety * smooth, dark DIRE hat of — 932 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Combretum, the younger shoots clothed with much ferruginous, soho pubescense. : Leaves opposite, subsessile, broad ovate-lanceolate, entire, nearly smooth, as scarcely any thing more than the nerve and veins on the underside are slightly pubescent; six or eight inches long, and from one to three broad. Flo- ral leaves small, broader in proportion, more pointed, and somewhat coloured. Panicles terminal or short, with op- posite, diverging, hairy branchlets, very large, crowded ‘with opposite, brachiate, compound racemes, and those again crowded with opposite flowers, bractes, and small — floral leaves ; every part densely clothed with mtuch fer- ruginous hair. Flowers tawny, with ferruginous hairs, short-pedicelled. Bractes linear-lanceolar, opposite, — | one-flowered. Calyx superior, campanulate, five-tootb- ed, both sides hairy. Petals five, lanceolar, much longer than the segments of the calyx, outside clothed with appressed fulvous hairs. Filaments ten, much longer than the corol, five inserted immediately under the petals, and five deep in the tube of the calyx. Germ _ five-angled, hairy, one-celled, containing two ovula, attached to the top of the cell, Style length of the sta- mina. Stigma simple. Seed five-winged, villous. Integu- ments two. The exterior is the soft, villous winged tunic; the inner a thin dark brown membrane, adhering to the cotyledons. Perisperm none, Embryo inverse. Cotyle dons angularly-convolute, Radicle superior. , 11. C. decandrum., Willd. 2.319. Corom. pl.1, N.59. Shrubby, climbing. Leaves opposite, oblong, smooth, floral leaves coloured, and villous. Spikes terminal, and axillary ; flowers decandrous, Capsules five-winged. : Teling. Arikota. y Itis a large, climbing shrub, a native of forests and f mountains, &c. Flowers during the cold season, Stem woody, climbing. Leaves opposite, reflecte Grislea. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 233 short-petioled, oblong, acute, waved, smooth, about six inches long, and three broad. Floral leaves small, colour- ed, downy. Spikes numerous, terminal and axillary. Bractes opposite, lanceolate, one-flowered. Calyx cam- panulate, five-toothed. Corol five-petalled. vimmneetyt ten. Seed five-winged. 12. C. purpureum. Willd. 2. 319. Vahl. Symb. 3.51. Scandent. Leaves opposite, broad-lanceolate, glossy, underneath purple. Spikes panicled, terminal, flowers decandrous. Cristaria coccinea. Sonnerat. it. 2. 247. t.140. A native of the Mauritius, from thence introduced into. the Botanic garden at Calcutta. _ GRISLEA. Schreb. gen. n. 642. Calyx from four to six-toothed. Corol from four to six- petalled, inserted into the fissures of the calyx. Fila- ments long, ascending. Capsule superior, two-celled. Seeds numerous, “ G. tomentosa. Willd. 2. 321. Corom. pl, 1. N. 31. Shrubby, Leaves opposite, stem-clasping. _Racemes axillary. Petals minute ; stamina eleven, or twelve. Lythrum fructicosum. sp. pl. 641. Dhawry. Asiat. Res. 4. p. 42. . Sans. Agnijwala, and Dhatree. Teling. Seringir. Beng. Dhau-phool. pik very beautiful, flowering shrub, or small tree, a na- tive of the hills and vallies through the northern Circars, &c. &c. It flowers during the cold, and the beginning of the hot season, and the seed ripens in the rains. Stem and principal branches erect, smaller ascending. : . Bark rust-coloured ; twigs SoD : hemes opposite, 234 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Roxburghia, in a position between decussate and bifarious,stem-clasp- ing, lanceolate, with cordate base, acute, above smooth, whitish underneath. Racemes axillary and below the leaves, over the leafless branchlets, often compound, short, bearing from five to fifteen flowers. Flowers pret-_ ty Targe, red, ina great measure permanent, Calyx red, twelve-toothed, the alternate ones very small, per- manent, as is also the colour, Petals six, small, linear, lanceolate. Filaments twice the length of the calyx, al- ternately a little shorter, ascending, inserted into the calyx near its base, and projecting along its under side. Germ superior, two-celled. Style shorter than the sta- mens. Stigma bifid. Capsule two-celled, two-valved, covered with the coloured permanent calyx. Seeds most numerous. Receptacles reniform, large. Note. The bright red, permanent calyx, which retains its colour till the seeds are ripe, gives to this shrub a ve- ry gaudy appearance. : ROXBURGHIA. Banks. Het Calyx four-leaved. Corol four-petalled, their lowef half carinated on the inside. Anthers sessile in the grooves formed by the carinas of the petals. Germ su- perior, one-celled, many-seeded ; attachment inferior. — Capsule superior, one-celled, two-valved. Seeds i each sitting on a spongy Leip eTeT | R, gloriosoides. Willd. 2. 821. R. Corom. pl. 1. N. pa Teling. Kanipoo-tiga. Ubium Polypoides. Rumph. Amb. 5. p. 364. t. 129. Compare with Stemona tuberosa. Lourier. Cochin Che ee 40D: This elegant pleats is a native of moist iti apart mongst the Circar mountains. —. time e the byt Roxburghia. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. (235 Root perennial, compounded of many, smooth, cylindric, fleshy tubers, of from six to twelve inches long, and from three to five in circumference about the middle; they taper equally towards each end. Stems perennial, or more, twining, smooth, running over trees, &c. Branches like the stem, round, smooth, and slender. Leaves sofme- times alternate, sometimes opposite, petioled, nearly de- pending, cordate, fine-pointed, entire, smooth, shining, in Substance soft and delicate, generally eleven-nerved, with beautiful very fine, transverse, veins running be- ‘tween the nerves ; from four to six inches long, and from three to four broad. Petioles slightly channelled, smooth ; one and a half and twoinches long. Pedunecles axillary, single, erect, the length of the petioles, general- ly two-ilowered. Pedicels clubbed, short. Bractes one, lanceolate, at the base of the pedicells. Flowerslarge, and. beautiful, but foetid. Calyx four-leaved ; leaflets lanceo- late, membranaceous, striated, coloured, revolute, placed immediately below the petals. Corol ; petals four, near- ly erect, lanceolate, the lower half is rather broader than the upper, and along its inside runs a deep, sharp, slightly waved keel, which forms on each side of it, a deep groove, or hollow; these four keels converge, and in Some measure adhere together, which brings the side of the petals close so as to resemble a tube ; the upper part of the petals is narrow, first bending out a little, then Converging at their points. Nectary composed of four, lan- ceolate, yellow bodies, each sitting sessile on the apex of the keel of the petals, converging into one conical dome. Filaments none. Anthers eight, linear, lodged in the grooves formed by the keel of the petals, adhering their whole length, but their chief insertion is near the base. Germ superior, cordate, compressed, one-celled ; 9vula many, attached to the bottom of the cell, Conta ty Style none... Stigma pointed. Capsule ovate, com : a e-celled, two-valved, opening from the spe a | Da2 236 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Mimusops. about an inch anda half long, and one broad. Seeds odutes _ from five to eight, inserted by pedicels into the bottom . a of the capsule, cylindric, striated ; the pedicels are sur- rounded with numerous, small, pellucid vesicles. Note. This was one of the last plants Dr. Konig saw. It was brought in when he was on his death bed ; he did attempt to examine it, but was unable, the cold hand of death hung over him; he desired I would describe it par. ticularly, for he thought it was uncommonly curious, new, and beautiful. This observation, from a worthy friend, a preceptor, and predecessor, has made me more — than usually minute in describing and drawing it. MIMUSOPS. Schreb. gen. n. 644. ‘Calyx from six to eight-leaved, alternately smaller. Corol one-petalled, segments many in a double series, with alternate scales on the inside. Germ superior, from six to eight-celled, cells one-seeded ; attachment interior. Berry one or more seeded. Embryo erect, and fur ish at ed with a weeneas 1. M. elengi. Willd. 2. 325. R. Corom. pl. 1. N. 4. ) ‘Leaves alternate, short-petioled, — pointed, * wave eo Ss ed, smooth. Bacula. Asiat. Res. 4. p- 273. Elengi. Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 20. Beng. Bokul. Hind. Mulsari. ' Teling. Pagadoo. The Kunki of the native Portuguese. I have only once found this tree in its wild state. It rew aie: on the mountains in ‘Rajamundree Circar, where it | to be a middle-sized tree. = ‘account of its fragr nt : y te ead na the gardens of he flowers, it weit genel Mimusops. | oOC'TANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 237 natives, as wellas in those of the Europeans in India. It flowers chiefly during the hot season. - Trunk erect, generally from eight to twelve feet to the lowest branches, Bark pretty smooth. Branches exceed- ingly numerous, spreading, with the extremities ascend- ing so as to form a most elegant, globular thick head. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, approximated, declined or depending, waved, very firm, both sides of a deep shin- img green; from three to four inches long and one or one anda half broad. Stipules small, lanceolate, concave, rus- ty, caducous. Peduncles axillary, from one to eight, short, clubbed, bowing, undivided, one-flowered. Flowers mid- dle-sized, drooping, white and fragrant. Calyx inferior, eight-leaved, in a double series; leaflets lanceolate, the four exterior ones leathery, larger, and permanent. Corol . one-petalled. Tube very short, fleshy. Border ; it may be divided into a double series of segments, and a single nec- tary, or a single series of segments, and a double nectary; the first method I shall follow. I therefore consider the border to be composed of a double series of segments; the exterior one consists of sixteen, spreading ; the interior one of eight, generally contorted, and converging, all are lanceolate, a little torn at their extremities. Nectary eight- leaved, conical, ragged, hairy near the base, inserted al- ternately with the filaments, into the mouth of the tube, _ converging. Filaments eight, short, hairy. Anthers linear, sharp pointed, below two-parted, converging. Germ eight- celled, with one ovula in each attached from their middle to the lower end of the conic axis, The germ of Achras Sapota is exactly the same, only from eight to ten-celled. Berry oval, smooth, when ripe yellow, and edible, one or more celled, according to the number of seeds that ripen, which is generally one. Seed solitary, oblong, compress- ed; attached to the bottom of the cell ; covered with a_ smooth, hard, ‘thick integument, lined with a veined | . Perisperm conform to the seed, afte lo 238 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Mimusops, pointed at the base, the lobes uniting round the radicle; above the. radicle they are often entirely divided by the large cotyledons, which extend to, or rather through its margins. Embryo erect. Cotyledons large, oval. Plu- mula minute. Radicle inferior, linear-oblong. . 2. M, Kanki. Willd, 2. 326, : Leaves scattered, petioled, about the ends of sik : branchlets, obovate-oblong, obtuse, hoary underneath. — Fruit oval, drooping. . seit Flowers hexandrous. au Metrosideros macassarensis, Rumph. Amb. 3. t. 8° ii Manil-kara. Rheed. Mal. 4, t. 25. visi Malay. Booa-sow. * Achras dissecta. Linn. Supp. 210. Forst. pl. escul.N. 13. A native of the Malay Islands, Malabar, &c. It flowers during the hot season ; the fruit is edible, and ree | 3. M. hexandra. Willa. 2. 326. cen. ol i Nb by Leaves alternate, long-petioled, obovate, emarginate, | smooth. Flowers hexandrous. Tamul. Palle. Teling. Palla. oe This tree is a native of the mountainous parts of the Cir ao ; Cars ; it is never cultivated, nor have I seen it near culti- oe vated places. It flowers during the hot, and beginning g of ee the wet season. pe ee Trunk erect, frequently when old it has large rotten - excavations. Bark ash-coloured. Branches numerous, rigid, spreading, extremities nearly erect, forming a large shady head. _ Leaves alternate, petioled, broad, wedge formed, or obcordate, deeply emarginate, very hard, both sides of a deep shining green; from three to five inches, oe long, and one and a half, or two broad. Petioles roun one, or one and a half inch long. Peduncles | axillary Cyminosma. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 239 from one to six, erect or spreading, nearly as long as the petioles, clubbed, undivided, one-flowered. Flowers con- siderably smaller than the former. Calyx inferior, six- leaved, three interior and three exterior; these last men- ‘tioned three are leathery. Corol one-petalled. Tube very short. Border like Elengi, consisting of two rows of seg- ments, the exterior twelve, the interior six, all spreading. Nectary situated between the filaments, as in the former, but spreading, shorter and more deeply indented. Fila- ment six, spreading. Anthers oval. Pistillumas in Elengi, but six-celled. Berry the size and shape of an olive, yellow, rarely more than one-seeded. Perisperm, embryo, &e. as in Elengi. CYMIN OSMA. Gert. Calyx four-leaved. Coral four-petalled, Berry supe- rior, four-celled. Seed solitary. Embryo inverse, and fur- nished with a perisperm. C. pedunculata. R. Jambolifera pedunculata. Willd. 2, 326. Vahl. Symb. 8, 52. t. 61. good. Cyminosma, bacce ovato acuminate, Gert. sem. 1. p.- Bl. t. 58.7.1. Perin-panel. Rheed. Mal, 5. t. 15. Dr. Konig’s description of this plant as given a Dr. Dryander, in the 2nd. vol, of the Transactions of the Lin- Rean Society ; page 233 is very correct. A native of Ceylon, Chittagong, &c. XYLOCARPUS. Schreb. gen. n. 646. Calyx four-toothed. Corol four-petalled. Nectary . .fight-cleft, staminiferous, Capsule four-valved, cells _ Uncertain, replete with from six to twelve, angular, : ously shaped seeds, Embryo centrifugal, Bee Pies is 240 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Guarea: — X. granatum, Willd. 2. 328.. yo Leaflets opposite, from two to three pair, oblong, : smooth. ’ cree Granatum litoreum. Rumph. Amb, vol. 3. t. 61. Tam. Kandalanga. Cing. Kadul-gaha, Beng. Pussoor. ’ This tree is a native of the Soonderbuns, (the lower Delta ofthe Ganges.) Fruit ripens in June and July. | Leaves alternate about the extremities of the brenda ’ lets, pinnate ; from six to twelve inches long. Leaflets two pair, opposite, sessile, oblong, entire, obtuse, smooth, deep on both sides ; about four inches long. Petioles ron smooth, dark oie. Stipules none, ie GUAREA. Schreb. gen. n. 649. Calyx four-toothed. Petals four. Nectary cylin bearing the anthers in its mouth. Germ superior, four celled, cells two-seeded ; attachment superior, Capsule — four-celled, four-valved. Seed solitary. Embryo inverse i : no perisperm. bei | 1. G. binertarifera, R. Arboreous. Leaves pinnate; leaflets froin: four to six a pair, alternate. Panicles rigid, axillary, com composed - ; dichotomous ramifications. Nectarydouble. | — Bik A native of the eastern parts of Bengal, where it grows to be a tree of considerable size. Flowering time the be- ginning of the rains, in June. Seed ripens in February. _ Trunk straight. Bark smooth, between ash colout, — and olive. Branches patent; young shoots round, and ee pretty smooth. Leaves alternate, pinnate, from one tose ven on each side, drooping, ovate-oblong, petioled, from one to two feet long ; leaflets alternate, petioletted, taper : pointed, entire, we on Tosa se inch Guarea, OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. oe long, and two or three broad, —_-Petioles common, flat on the upper side below the leaflets, where they are inserted, flexuose, and nearly round, Petiolets short, andround. Stéz- pules none. Panicles axillary, or rather above the axils, “rigid, not balf the length of the leaves, composed of short, alternate, rigid, expanding ramifications. © In old stunt- ed trees, the panicle has dwindled into a small, rigid, simple raceme. Bractes minute, caducous at a very early - period, Flowers rather small, of a pale yellow colour, in- dorous, Calyx one-leayed, small, campanulate ; mouth four-toothed. Petals four, linear, recurvate, many times larger than the calyx, and rather longer than the exterior nectary. Nectary double ; exterior subcylindric, and ofa deeper yellow colour than the petals; mouth a little con- tracted, and obscurely eight-toothed, the inner one some- what gibbous, about one-third of the length of the exte- ‘Hor one, fleshy, orange-coloured ; mouth funnel-shaped, eight-toothed; teeth alternately smaller, and many of them dentate. Filament none, Anthers eight, inserted on the _ inside of the exterior nectary, a little within its mouth, and immediately under the eight fissures. | Germ supe- nor, ovate, four-celled, with two horizontally placed ovu- lain each, attached to the top of the axis. Style cylin- dric as long as the exterior nectary. Stigma enlarged ; a- Pex obscurely four-lebed, its base surrounded with a belt. Capsule globose, the size ofan apple, of a hard fleshy tex- ture, smooth ; when ripe, ofa deep yellow throughout, four- celled, Sinctovilined; opening from the apex. Seed solita- Ty, obovate, oblong, the size and appearance of a chesnut ; RO aril; Integument single, spongy ; the outside polished, ofa dark purple colour ; inwardly yellow. Perisperm none. Oinverse. Cotyledons conform to the seed, firm, of a deep green round the edges, paler within. Plumula Conic, two-lobed. Radicle ovate, superior, its apex consi- derably within the vertex of the cotyledons, = Bo. all I have yet examined, this tree comes m . Be eae ee 242 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. - Guarea, to Sandoricum Indicum. have not observed that any part of it possesses any peculiar odour, which, with the double — nectary is a sufficient reason to induce me to think itis — not the American species, Guarea trichilioides. 2. G. paniculata. R. Bh Leaves alternate, abruptly pinnate ; leaflets from six to twelve pair, alternate and opposite, ovate-lanceolate. Panicles axillary. ” E is Kulikoura is the vernacular name in Silhet, whereit grows to be a pretty large tree. Flowering time May and : | June ; the seed ripens the following April. ce Young shoots slightly villous. Leaves alternate, abrupt _ ly pinnate, from eighteen to thirty inches long. Leaflets — from six to fourteen pair, short-petiolate, the inferior paits _ often alternate, those above opposite, somewhat ume qually ovate, lanceolate, entire, taper-pointed, nearly _ smooth ; from five to ten inches long, and two or four broad. Common petioles round and villous. Stipules none. Panicles axillary, solitary, nearly as long as the leaves, spreading. Ramifications villous. Flowers very numerous, — pedicelled, pretty large, of a pale yellow, expanding in the evening, and dropping the next morning, Bractes fili- form, villous. Calyx cup-shaped, obscurely four-toothed, alittle villous. Petals four, spatulate, obtuse, recurved. Nectary cylindric, the length of the corol,and hairy on poth sides ; the mouth eight-toothed ; segments bidentate. Fila- ue ments scarcely any. Anthers oblong, attached round the © . inside of the mouth of the nectary. Germ superior, ovate four-celled, with one, rarely two ovula in each, attached - 8 to the top of the axis. Style the length of the nectaty, hairy. Stigma globular. Capsule globular, the size of 2 crab apple, -three or four-lobed, with a furrow betwee? smooth, of a dark orange colour, from three to four-celled, - from three to four-valved ; valves thick, and spongy, wit the partitions rising down the middle. Seed solitary, Molinea. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 243 round or oval, considerably flattened ; interior half yellow, in the middle of which is a large whitish, flat umbilicus ; exterior half of a smooth, shining, chesnut colour, across which is a trifling groove, marking the se- paration of the transverse cotyledons. Perisperm none. Embryo transverse. Cotyledons conform to the seed. The Plumula and Radicle together form a minute, round spot in the centre of the cotyledons, the former pointing to the umbilicus, and the latter to the circumference, (centrifu- gal.) MOLINEA. Juss. : Calyx five-parted. Corol five-petalled, unequal. Fila- ments woolly, ascending over the small petal. Capsule _ three-celled, three-valved. Seed solitary. 1. M. canescens. Willd. 2. 329. Corom. pl. 1. N. 60. Leaves abruptly-pinnate; leaflets two pair, obtuse. Racemes on the leafless branchlets, Style single ; stigma three-toothed. Teling. Korivee. _ Sapindus fetraphyllus. Vahl. Symb. 3. 54. A native of the Circar mountains, and flowers about the time the Sapindus does. - Trunk not straight, but thick. Bark ‘ach oalseabies a little scabrous. Branches numerous, spreading in every direction, Leaves alternate, abruptly-pinnate, sometimes ternate, about six or eight incheslong. Leaflets opposite, generally two-pair, oblong, entire, smooth, shining, firm, five or six inches long, and two or three broad. Petioles round, four or five inches long. Racemes many, simple, or compound, from the extremities of the last, or two last years’ leafless branchlets round the base of the present ‘Year's shoots. Flowers small, white, fascicled. Calyx ine, ‘ ferior, paveesttor Petals five, four large, and standing on Ee2 244 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Amyris. the upper side, the fifth small, standing singly on the under side. Nectary the leaflets torn, and woolly. Style single. Stigma three-toothed. Capsule single, three-sided, three-celled, three-valved. Seeds one ineach cell, * — The wood of this tree is white and not so serviceable as eat of Sapindus rubiginosus. , 2. Mi: levis: Willd, 2. 329. : _ Leaves abruptly-pinnate ; leaflets one or two pairs, cu- neate-obovate, obtuse, entire, smooth. Panicles axillary. Petals round, with a woolly scale in each side near the base. A handsome slender tree, a native of the Mamrition where it blossoms in June and July, and the seeds — Es in October. ek ee AMYRIS. Schreb. gen. n. 650. . Calyx four-toothed. Corol of four expanding i | _ Germ superior, four-celled; cells from two to three-seeded ;_ attachment interior. Berry one-seeded. Embryo inverse, without eoere: a. ‘simplicifolia R. fe Leaves simple, oblong, and broad lanceolate, Racemées axillary, short, few-flowered. Germ two-celled. Ag, A small tree, a native of Pulo Pinang. In this spe- cies, the leaf is joined to the apex of the petiole by aD articulation, and there the leaf falls off, leaving the petiole, which is much more permanent. ee The racemes are about twice the length of the petioles; the flower small and white, The ripe fruit has not beet 2. ‘ celiac d R. Arboreous, branchlets often ending i in spines, Leaves Amyris. OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 245 petioled, simple, elliptic, serrate, acute, with a pair of mi- nute leaflets, or ears at the base. Flowers axillary. Commiphora Madagascarensis. Jacq. Seeenpes 2, p. 66. t, 249, ‘ Sans. and Beng. Googgula. The tree is a native of Silhet, Assam, &c, E. and N. E. from Bengal, in the Botanic garden at Calcutta it blos- soms about the beginning of the hot season, in Februa- ry and March, but seldom ripens its seed, Trunk of our small trees crooked, and clothed with many spreading and drooping, crooked branches down to the ground. The short lateral branchlets often end inthorny points. Bark of the young shoots green and smooth, that of the larger branches, and trunk covered with a light coloured pellicle as in the common birch, ‘ which peels off from time to time, exposing to view a smooth green coat, which in succession supplies other Similar exfoliations. Leaves alternate, petioled, oval, or elliptic, serrulate, smooth on both sides, at the base or apex of the petiole on each side, is generally found a _ small leaflet tending to give the whole the appearance of aternate leaf. Flowers short-pedicelled, small, red, collected in little bundles on the small protuberant gems left by the former years’ leaves, over the now leafless slender twigs. Calyx, corol, and stamina as in the ge- hus. Nectary, eight glands alternate with the insertion of the filaments. Berry drupaceous, the size of a black currant, red, smooth. Nut two-celled, with a single seed in each, The whole plant, while growing is considerably odori- ferous, particularly when any part is broken or bruised, and diffuses a grateful fragrance, like that of the finest myrrh, to a considerable distance round, which for some. time induced me to think it might be the plant from Which that drag was procured, particularly as I obsery-_ S don or wounded, there exuded much barat colour- — 246 OCTANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Amyris, ed juice, but unfortunately for my conjecture, it is soon carried off by evaporation, leaving little or nothing be- hind, Ihave at various times of the year wounded the plantin different places, and placed various contrivances to collect the juice, but all 1 could ever procure, wasa very minute portion of a gummy matter, which certain- ly resembled myrrh, both in smell and appearance, but had no tendency to be tenacious, or elastic, hence I con- clude there must be a mistake in its being the elastic gum tree of Madagascar, as mentioned by Jacquin. 3. A. gileadensis. Willd. 2. 334. Shrubby, the branches and branchlets spinous. Leaves short-petioled, ternate ; leaflets from oval to elliptic, ser- rulate, smooth. ti A native of Arabia. It has not yet blossomed in the — Botanic garden at Calcutta, though a pretty large plant has been there five years. 4, A. acuminata. R. ' chis simple. Panicles subterminal. Petals five, regulat, with two very hairy clavate scales near the base. A native of the Moluccas. Polygonum, OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. . 286- OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. POLYGONUM. Schreb. gen. n. 677. Calyx none. Corol ig abi resembling a calyx. Seed solitary. Sect, Style two-cleft. Seed without angles. 1. P. nutans. R. Annual, suberect, ramous. Leaves lanceolate. Sti- pules not bearded. Corols four-cleft. Stamens five. Styles two, Seed roundish, compressed. . Several plants came up accidentally in the Botanic garden at Calcutta, but from whence the seed came I — cannot be certain. Stem short, erect, soon dividing into any: first spread- ing, then ascending branches, covered with red bark, and maculated with still darker red, with a few short, white, stiff hairs, scattered over every part, as also over the underside of the nerves of the leaves, Leaves short- petioled, lanceolate, margins a little curled, and some- what waved. Stipules membranaceots, smooth, trun- cated, not ciliate. Racemes terminal, and from the ex- terior axils, cylindric, nodding, most completely covered _ With numerous, small, white flowers. Bractes somewhat fringed. Corols four-cleft, opposite ; divisions a little Unequal. Stamens five. Styles two. Seed roundish, Pointed, much compressed, smooth. 2. P. lanatum. R. ' Procumbent, with erect branches, Leaves linear-lan- ceolate, woolly; sheathes lacerated. Corol four-cleft. Styles two-cleft, Stamens six. Seeds rod, compressed. — Beng, Swet-panee-murich. Annual, growing in ditches, &c. near Chea Aino fowering during the rains. | 286 OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA- Polygonum. Stems herbaceous, jointed, below procumbent, and striking root from the joints that rest on the ground ; a- bove erect, internally of a deep red colour, particularly at the joints, height various, Leaves short-petidled, narrow- lanceolate, entire, hoary underneath, long and about one inch broad, withering on the plant. Stipules nearly as long as the joints, striated, woolly, having their mouths lacerated, but not bearded. Racemes terminal, peduncled, erect,crowded with numerous, small,whiteflowers. Bractes many-flowered, &c. as in the other species. Calyx four- parted. Stamens six, Style two cleft. Seed round, point- ed, much compressed, smooth, ofa shining brown colour, _ 3. P. pilosum. R. Erect, annual, hairy. Leaves jong -petioled, ovate-cor- date, downy; the mouth of the sheaths spreading open. Style two-cleft. Stamens from seven to eight. Seeds — round, compressed, and somewhat thin at theedge. Beng. Bura-panee-murich. Lagunea Cochin Chinensis. Lourier Flor. Cochin Ch. ; Colimén near Calcutta, on the Wrditi of such stoi as are inundated during the rains. Flowering time the beginning of the wet season, 6 ins Stems annual, suberect, branchy, the whole plant from” two to four feet high, and covered with many soft greyish” hairs. Leaves alternate, petioled, ovate-cordate, decurrent on the petiole, pointed, entire, both sides covered with | "much soft down, six inches long, and three broad. Peti- oles two inches long, inserted into the stipules. Stipules sheathing, hairy, striated, truncated, having the mouths _ ciliated, sometimes expanded, sometimes closely embrac-_ ing the stem. _ Racemes long-peduncled, crowded with, small white flowers. Stamens seven, five in the fissures ; of the corol, and two embracing the germ. Style half two- cleft. Stigmas iii: Seed round, compressed, smooth, brown, “ : Polygonum.. OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 287 Note. The ends of the succulent branches, after being wetted became covered with a clear thick gluten. 4, P. tomentosum. Willd. 2. 447. Annual, suberect. Leaves lanceolar, silky ; sheaths and bractes bearded. Stamens seven or eight. Stigma two- cleft, Seed round. Teling.. Yeatee-mallier. Persicaria maderaspatana. Pluk. t. 210. f. 7. good. This plant is annual, a native of ditches, rivulets, &c. appearing during the wet season, Stems several, below procumbent, and there rooting at the joints, above erect, jointed, with but few branches ; from two to four feet high. Leaves broad-lanceolar, short- petioled, silky, entire ; from four to six inches long, and from one to two broad. Stipules long, sheathing the stem, with the petioles issuing from it a little above its base, lobed, having the mouth bearded. Racemes (generally from three to five,) terminal, or from the exterior axills, erect, peduncled, hairy. Bractes a large exterior one at each joint, which embraces the rachis,and fascicle of flow- ets ; this is unequally lobed, and its mouth much bearded ; besides this there is another common one which embraces the fascicle of flowers only ; within it each flower has its proper bracte, these are not bearded. Flowers numerous, Small, white, from six to eight at each joint, or set of bractes, but always expanding in succession. Stamens seven or eight, Style two-cleft, shorter than the stamens. Seed round, compressed, not in the least angular. Cattle eat it greedily. 5. P. glabrum. Willd. 2. 447. Annual, suberect, smooth, reddish. Leaves gatrow-lans ceolar. Stipules alittle ragged. Stamens seven, Style three- cleft, Seed round. : Schovanna mudela muccu. Rheed, Mal. 12. t. 77. ‘Annual, a native of the same places as the other sf a® 288 OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Polygonum, are, but less common, It is a much more elegant, deli- cate looking plant. Stems as in the last species, but deeply tinged with red, Leaves short-petioled, linear-lanceolar, tapering much towards each end, smooth on both sides, entire, from five toseven inches long. Stipules sheathing, lobed, short, smooth, adhering firmly to the stem ; mouth a little rag- ged, but not ciliated. Racemes as in P. tomentosum, but . longer, slender and smooth. Bractes as in the former, but without a beard. Flowers numerous, rose-coloured, three or four in each set of bractes, appearing in succession, heptandrous. Style three-cleft, twice as long as the sta- mens. Seed ovate, compressed, not in the least angular. 6. P. perfoliatum. Willd. 2, 454. ) Prickly, scandent, perennial. Leaves triangular. St pules ample, round-oval, spreading, perfoliate. Stylethree- cleft. Seed round. . A native of various parts of India. From Nepal the seeds were sent by Dr. Buchanan to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where the plants thrive well, and blossom most part of the year. Stems and branches slender, scandent to a considems ble extent, armed with numerous, acute, recurved pric- kles, but without pubescence. Leaves long-petioled, somewhat peltate, triangular, entire smooth on both sides, except a few, very minute prickles on the ul- derside of the nerve and veins; size various, from one to three inches each way. Petioles as long as the leaves, armed, Stipules large, round, oval, surrounding the branch, or branchlet immediately within the insertion of the leaves ; smooth and unarmed. Spikes terminal, solitary. Bractes cordate, spike-clasping. Stamens from eight to ten. Style three-cleft, “Seed round, smooth, shining black, hid in the enlarged, livid, fleshy caly%, and in that state appear a berry. - It is probably a Coccoloba. | oe. ead Polygonum. OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. ; 289 7. P. chinense. Willd. 2. 453. Scandent, flexuose. Leaves oblong, with tanelie base. Bractes ear-shaped. Peduncles terminal, sub- panicled ; flowers in globular pedicelled heads. A native of the eastern parts of Bengal. Flowers in February, March, and April. 8. P. cymosum. R. ' Shrubby, scandent, ramous. Leaves ovate-lanceclate, — entire, acute, smooth. Cymes terminal ; flowers in small heads, octandrous. A native of Chittagong, where it flowers in April. Sect. 2. Style three-cleft. Seed three-sided. 9. P. tenellum. R. Annual, flaccid, ramous. Leaves lanceolar, with beard- ed sheaths. Racemes filiform, fascicles of flowers remote. Tube of the corol internally ribbed. Stamens from seven tocight. Styles three. Seed three-sided. ’ Found in ditches, &c. low wet places all over Bengal, Flowering time the rainy season. Root fibrous, often biennial, if not perennial. Stems several, ramous, weak and straggling, slender, and Smooth. Leaves subsessile, lanceolar, entire, smooth. Stipules on the outside furrowed, otherwise smooth, hay- ing their mouths crowned with long distinct filaments. Racemes terminal, often subpanicled, filiform. Bractes tather remote, obliquely truncated, ciliate, outside glan- dular. Flowers small, white. Corol, the mouth of its tube Contracted with ridges, alternate, with the insertions Of the filaments. Stamens eight. Styles three. Seed three-sided. ! ° . 10. P. barbatum. Willd. 2. 447. oe Branches erect, ramous, smooth. Leaves lanceolar, : Smooth. Stipules bearded, and hairy. Tage, Kk 290 OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Polygonum. with fascicles of flowers rather remote. © Stamens eight. Style three-cleft. Seed three-sided. Teling. Kunda-malilier. Itisa native of moist, or wet places amongst the mountains. Stems several, erect, ramous, slender, smooth, from three to four feet high, joints a little swelled. Leaves short-petioled, lanceolar, smooth, from three to five in- ches long. Stipules as long asin P. tomentosum, mouth much ciliate, the whole outside hairy. Racemes terminal, long, twiggy, short-peduncled ; fascicles of flowers rather remote. Bractes as in the former species, the exterior one ciliate and hairy. Flowers rose colour, numerous, in succession from the same set of bractes, octandrous. Style three-cleft, length of the stamens. Seed three-sid- ed. Cattle are fond of all these four species, ee 11. P. rivulare.. Kon. Mss. ay Annual ; branches erect. Leaves narrow-lanceolate, pretty aoa. Stamens eight. Style three-cleft, Seed three-sided. ill Velutta modela muccu. Rheed. Mal. 12. t, 76. _ Annual, a native of similar places with the last two species, has nearly the same appearance and habit, _ but is rather more slender than even P. glabrum. pigne Leaves narrow-lanceolate, entire, pretty smooth ; from five to sixincheslong. Stipules short, obliquely | lobe much ciliate. | Racemesas in the last described spe® Bractes as in the former two, the exterior one is here bearded. Flowers numerous, crowded, from three to four to the set of bractes, also in succession. Stamens eight Style three-cleft, twice as long as the stamens. ; three-sided. Note. The three-sided seed and three-cleft te i as a tinguish it from P, tomentosum. : . Polygonum. OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. ' 291 a2. PB; flaccidum. R, Annual, flaccid, smooth, Leaves lanceolate, with cor- date base, smooth. Stipules long, ciliate. Stamens eight. Style three-cleft, Seed three-sided. Beng. Panee-murich. 4 A native of ditches, &c. near Calcutta; flowering time ae wet season, _ Stem scarcely any, but many, slender, straggling, etiaate jointed, round branches. Leaves sessile, from the base of the stipules, lanceolate, with the base cordate, en- tire, and smooth on both.sides ; from one to six inches long, Stipules, bristles on the outside; mouths long ciliate. Racemes terminal, subcylindric, crowded with small, white flowers. Bractes ciliate. Stamens eight. Style half three-cleft. Seed three-sided, smooth, of a dark brown colour, 13. P. elegans. R. Perennial, prostrate, Leaves lanceolar. Flowers axilla- ty, crowded. Stamens eight. Stigma three-cleft. Seed three-sided. _ A native of dry, uncultivated ground, aj i eee and flowering chiefly in the dry season, Root simple, very long, yellow. Stems numerous, pros- trate, from six to twelve inches long. Branches numerous, bifarious. Leaves alternate, bifarious, very short-petiol- ed, lanceolar, dotted with small glandular points, smooth, Margins red ; about halfan inch long. Stipules sheathing, membranaceous;mouth torn, and ciliated. Bractes sheath- ing, membranaceous. Flowers axillary, peduncled, small, tose-coloured, octandrous. Calyx, the three inte- rior divisions obtuse, the two exterior pointed. Styles three, very short. — three-sided, with sharp red 14, P. horridum. Tick, ; dent, angular; the angles armed with sharp aculei, Leaves sessile, linear, with a cordat Kk2 292 OCTANDRIA TRIGYNIA. | Coccoloba. sheaths fringed. Spikes terminal, subcylindric subpani- cled. A native of the eastern parts of Bengal. 15. P. fagopyrum. Willd. 2. 455. Stem nearly erect, unarmed. Leaves petioled, cordate, sagittate, Flowers in loose spikes; angles of the seed equal. es . - Found cultivated all over the mountainous countries north of Bengal, Oude, &c. COCCOLOBA. Schreb. gen. n. 678. Calyx beneath, five-parted, coloured. Corol none. Berry calycine, one-seeded. C. crispata. Buch. Perennial. Leaves short-petioled, ovate-oblong, mat- ~ gins finely curled, smooth; sheaths membranaceous, truncate, Panicles terminal, composed of numerous: heads, on glandular peduncles. ee A native of Nepal. In the Botanic garden at Calcut- ta it blossoms during the cold season. a. CARDIOSPERM UM. Schreb. gen. n. 680. ee Calyx from four to five-leaved. | Corol four-petalled. Nectary four leaved, unequal. Capsules three, united, } in- flated. Seed solitary, globular. | C. halicacabum. Willd. 9. of ge Scandent, five-sceded. Leaves compound, gashed, smooth. Tendrils umbelliferous. Sung. J yotishmutee. Beng. Noaphutki Sibjhool. Teling. Nalla goolisienda. | _ Very common all over the southern ama of ina 2 in lower, ad eed allthe year os See r Odina, OCTANDRIA TETRAGYNIA, 293 OCTANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. ‘ ODINA. R. PoLycamous. HERMAPHRODITE. Calyx four-tooth- ed. Corol four-petalled. Germ one-celled, ovula single, pendulous. Drupe superior, one-seeded. Embryo in-' verse, without perisperm. “Mat. Calyx and Corol, as in the Hermaphrodite. » O. wodier. R. ‘+ Sang. Jeevula. Beng. Siyal. Teling. Gampina. Hind, Kushmulla, Kashmulla, Kimul, &c. It is a very large tree, a native of most mountainous parts of the coast, Bengal, &c. it is also frequently found in a cultivated. state, chiefly about Madras where the sides of the roads are lined with them. It srows readily from cuttings, which is I believe, the chief inducement for employing it ; for it is without leaves from the begin- ning of the year, till April or May, a season when shade is particularly wanted, for after that the weather, in ge- heral, becomes more clouded. Flowering time March and April, when it is perfectly naked of leaves. Nor could the flowers be any inducement to have it near the hous- €s; in short there is nothing in its favor, but its growing easily and quickly. | The following description is taken from the tree in its wild state amongst the Circar mountains, — Trunk straight to the branches, of no great height but Very thick. Bark pretty smooth, ash-coloured. Branches numerous, the lower spreading, the upper ones disposed in every direction. In a cultivated state it is generally prun- €d very close once in two or three years, which makes the a : ches shoot more erect, but takes ane from: : 294 ss @OTANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. Odina. tive beauty of the tree, and renders the shade when in foliage much less extensive, than in its natural state. Leaves alternate, about the ends of the branchlets, pin- nate with an odd one, from twelve to eighteen inches long. Leaflets generally three or four pair, opposite, ses- sile, oblong, ovate, pointed, smooth, entire ; about five in- ches long, and two broad, the exterior ones largest, Ra- cemes terminal, filiform, pendulous if long, which they ge- nerally are, if short spreading. Bractes minute, falling, Flowers small, purple, inodorous, In general the Hermaphrodite and Male flowers (there are no other sort that ever I saw,) are on the same tree, . and even mixed on the same racemes ; the male are by far the most numerous ; sometimes but fafely they are ona separate tree. gee HeeMarnropirs. Calyx four-toothed, small, perma- nent. Petals four, oblong, concave, spreading. Filaments eight, spreading, rather shorter than the petals. Anther$ ovate. Germ superior, oblong, one-celled, containing one ovula, attached to the top of the cell. Styles four, ae ‘short, erect, Stigmas simple. Drupe kidney-form, smooth, the size of a large french bean, when ripe red, one-celled. Nut the shape of the berry, one-celled. Seed conform t0 the nut; no perisperm. Embryo inverse,curved. Mate. Calyx, Corol, and Stamens as in the hermaphro- dite. Pistil the rudiments of a germ, with a short, four toothed style. The wood.of old trees is close grained, of a deep | ae dish mahogany colour towards the centre. This colou! ed part is serviceable for many uses, and looks well. The white wood is fit for no use that I know of. Ze ‘From wounds in the bark there issues a gum, which, . when dry, is much like pieces of dry glue ; but I know % no use it is put to. ) i This is the tree Dr. Anderson calls Wodur in} his cellanies, 202 @ogeeeviae G2 oats tion jeeun ener CLASS IX. ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. LAURUS. Schreb. gen. n. 688. ~ Calyx one-leaved, six-cleft. Corol none. Anthers four- celled. Germ superior, one-celled ; attachment superior. Berry superior, one-seeded. Embryo inverse, without perisperm, ‘tiga SECT. 1. Leaves opposite. 1. L. Cinnamomum. Willd. 2. 477. Leaves opposite, ovate-oblong, three-nerved. Panicles terminal, with the extreme ramifications three-flowered. Nectarial glands sagittate. -Cinnamomum foliis latis, &c. Burm. zeyl. 62. t. 27. Kasse Koronde of the same. -Dar-cheeni, often pronounced dal-cheeni, the Persian, Hindee and Bengalee name of Cinnamon. Twuk-putra, Ootkuta, Bhriga, Twucha, Chocha, Vuranguka, are some of the numerous Sanscrit names of Cinnamon, and Dr, Carey says the last three are also given to the bark of urus Cassia, commonly called Cassia lignea, or Cas- sia bark. LF Ra Pee Cet This well known tree seems still to require a little illustration, particularly as there are no doubt several Vatieties, if not species, included under this name, n General Hay Macdowall was in command on the Island of Ceylon, he sent to the Botanic garden at Cal- Cutta in 1801, several plants of the first, or best sort ; called by the Cingalese Kasse Koronde. ‘These plants © have now, 1810, attained to the height of twenty feet ; the trunk is short, and from sixteen to eis ate Z Sd 26 * ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Laurus, inches in circumference. The bark thereof scabrous, and considerably cracked in various directions, that of the younger parts smooth. The head remarkably ra- i mous, large, and dense, for the last three or four years S they have flowered freely during the monthsof January and February ; and ripened abundance of berries. It isfrom these the following description wastaken. The drawing and description, No. 1058,* was made from young trees, which were reared by me at Samulkota, from the seeds of the trees growing in Tinnevellee, near Palamkotta, which were procured from Ceylon in 1781 or 1782, and which differ from this in the leaves being much narrower at the base, in short, broad-lanceolar, and the three nectarial glands clavate. - The sort introduced into Bengal by Mr. Hastings, between thirty and forty years ago is of this narrow leaved inferior kind. 7 Descriptions of Kasse Koronde. ‘Leaves opposite, rarely sub-opposite, short-petioled, ovate-oblong, entire, rather obtuse ; texture hard, surfa ces polished, the three nerves often uniting a little above the base, and the lateral two vanishing beyond the middle of the leaves ; from four to six inches long, and from ope and a half to three broad. Petioles about half an inch Jong, smooth, and channelled. Paniclesterminal ; the large ramifications opposite, expanding,the extreme ones three- e flowered, all more or less four-sided, and smooth. Flow- S ers numerous, small, greenish-white, smell rather offensive: Bractes minute, caducous. Calyx six-cleft ; base entire, embracing the germ ; border divided into six, oblons> os slightly villous segments, the three exterior rather proad- ; er, all are permanent and from a cupula, or small cup #! in 2 which the berry sits, as in the common oak. Corol no ie ther than the last described body. Filaments nine, the sis . exterior inserted on the base of the segments of the cal - Sent to the Honourable the Court of Directors: Laurus. ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA, * 27 and without glands, the other three have a conglobate gland on each side, and alternate with the three short pedicelled, sagittate, nectarial bodies, inserted a little’ _ lower down, Anthers four-lobed, &c. as in the other spe- cies. | Germ ovate, one-celled, containing one ovula, at- tached to the top of the cell. Style length of the sta- mina. Stigma three-lobed. Berries oblong-oval, smooth, succulent, when ripe, dark blackish purple, the size of a field-bean, one-celled, one-seeded. Seed conform to the berry. Perisperm none. Embryo inverse. Cotyledons ob- long, fleshy. Plumula two-lobed. Radicle ovate, supe- rior. 2. L. malabathrica. Soland. Mss. Leaves oblong, three-nerved, with the lateral nerves distinct to the very apex. Panicles terminal. Katou-karua. Rheed. Mal. 5. t. 53. A native of the Malabar mountains. 3, L. cassia, Willd. 2. 477. Leaves subopposite, lanceolar, triple nerved. Panicles axillary with simple, three-flowered ramifications. Nec- tarial glands sagittate, Stigma triangular. Sans. Twuk-putra. Tej-pat the Hindoo name of the leaves. Carua, Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 57. Cinnamomum perpetuo florens of Burm. Zeyl. L 28, is too broad in the leaf, and too ovate for this, and seems to _ ‘Me to agree better with my next species L. multiflora, which is also a native of Ceylon. An elegant large tree, a native of the various moun- tains of the continent of India. The trees are now com- Mon in gardens about Calcutta, originally from the moun- malts of Tippera, Flowering time, in the gardens, the ing of the warm season ; the seed — in a Li ae 298 | ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Laurus. Trunk straight. Bark smooth, of a greenish ash-colour, Branches numerous, forming an elegant, tall, oblong head. Leaves subopposite, drooping, short-petioled, lan- ceolar, triple nerved, smooth and polished on both sides ; about five inches long, and one and a half broad. Panicles axillary, or terminal, on small axillary branch- — _ lets, as long as the leaves. Ramifications opposite, sim- ple, each bearing three short-pedicelled, small, whitish flowers. Bractes minute, caducous. Calyx as in the ge- nus. Segments villous. Nectarial glands sagittate, and yellow. Filaments nine, six in the exterior series, without glands ; and three in the inner, with glands. Stig- ma clavate, three-lobed. Berry oval, the size of a black currant, smooth, succulent, when ripe black, one-celled. Seed conform to the berry. Embryo inverse, without pe risperm. ; This differs from all the other species hitherto deseule ed by me, not only in the narrowness of the leaves, but in the lateral nerves thereof issuing from the middle nerve considerably above the base, The panicles also differ greatly; for here the ramifications are simple, and beat three flowers ; there they are compound, and umbellifer- ous. In both this, and multiflora (which is the species it comes nearest to,) the nectarial glands are sagittate, but there the stigma is peltate, here three-lobed. : A. L. multiflora. R. Leaves opposite, three-nerved, ovate-lanceolar, the nerves vanishing towards the top. Panicles terminal, ‘and axillary, with compound umbelliferous ramifications Nectarial glands sagittate. Stigma peltate. Cinnamomum perpetuo florens. Burm. zeyl. p. 63. t “4 28, appears to be this plant, and is the only figure ait @ , ; to me that I can well refer to. | This small elegant tree, as far as I know, is only ss found in Ceylon, and approaches the true Cinnamon * Laurus. ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 299 yet I must deem them distinct species for the reason mentioned throughout the description, and in a note at the bottom.* Leaves opposite, short-petioled, ovate, or oyate-lanceo- late, entire, very smooth on both sides, three-nerved, with the lateral nerves vanishing towards the apex. Stipules none. Panicles from the exterior axils, and terminal, crowded with numerous,cross-armed ramifications, divid- ing into others, and finally ending in umbellets of small, whitish-yellow flowers. Calyx of six divisions, which are sublanceolate, nearly equal and very downy, particular- ly on the inside. Nectarial glands, the three that stand alternate with the three interior stamens are sagittate, and purple. Stamens, the three interior filaments have each a pair of large, flat, crenulate glands near the middle, asin L. Cinnamomum, &c. Anthers with four polenifer- ous pits. Stigma large, peltate. 5. L, culitlaban. Willd. 2. 478. Arboreous, Branches appressed. Leaves apposite, ovate, lanceolate, triple-nerved, retrofracted. Panicles terminal, and axillary, Pedicells three-flowered. Nectarial scales Sagittate. Mal. Culit-lawan, Culi-lawan, or Cortex caryophl laides. Rumph. Amb. 2. t.14, — About the year 1802, many plants of this tree were re- ceived into the Company’s Botanic garden at Calcutta from Amboyna, and in the dry seasons of 1809 10 the only plant that remained alive blossomed, It is about twelve * The remarkable, umbelliferous, extreme ramifications of the Panicles in this species, readily distinguish it from others hither- ° to described by me. I must, at the same time say, that I think every attempt to find clear, cites Senate ale 8 ee alone, will prove fruitless. 300 ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Laurus. feet high, slender as the common Cypress, in conse- quence of the branches being short, erect, and pressed to the stem. The bark of the trunk, which is about as thick as a man’s arm, is ash-coloured; of the round young shoots a shining deep green, from it the Malays obtain an essential oil by distillation ; and Dr. Fleming informs me that he has seen various specimens of it from Bencoolen, and says it smelt like a mixture of sassafras and cloves. 1 suppose that its medical virtues agree with those of the essential oils of those substances. ‘Murray says that the inhabitants of Amboyna esteem it an excellent remedy in a retention of urine, piven in a dose of six drops twice a day. Leaves for the most part perfectly opposite, shore tioled, refracted, broad-ovate-lanceolate, triple-nerved, — of a hard texture, and with a polished, deep green surface, from three to five inches long, and from one to tw0 broad. Panicles terminal and axillary, shorter than the leaves, brachiate, the ultimate divisions three-flowered- Flowers small, white, inodorous, Bractes oblong, or lan- ceolate, opposite at the divisions of the panicle. Caly* to near the base, six-parted, &c. as in the other species: Stamina also as in the other East Indian species. Nec- tarial glands with very exactly sagittate heads. Germ _ ovate, one-celled containing one seed, attached to the top of the cell. Style of a middling length. Stigma of scurely three-toothed, 6. L, nitida, R. Leaves opposite, broad-lanceolar, obtuse, aie glossy. Panicles axillary, and below the leaves, with simple, three-flowered, ramifications. Glands of the in- ner filaments pedicelled. Cassia Coolit manees Marsden’s Sumatra, p. 125. A native of Sumatra, from thence Dr. Charles Camp- bell sent plants in 1802, to the Botanic garden at Cal- Laurus. ENNEANDRIA- MONOGYNIA. 301 cutta under the Malay name. Koolit manees. | After seven years the young trees blossomed in February, and tipened their seeds in May. Trunk straight, in our young trees the bark is yet quite smooth, and of a greenish ash-colour.. Branches, and branchlets spreading. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, broad-lanceolar, distinctly triple-nerved to near the ‘apex, permanent, of a firm texture, polished, and very ‘smooth on both sides, but paler coloured underneath ; five or six inches long, and from one and a half to two broad ; when young, coloured; when bruised they emit a ‘pleasant spicy odour, Petioles short, and. channelled. Panicles below the tender leaves of the young shoots, and also solitary in their axils, and shorter than them, com- posed of opposite, and alternate, three-flowered, diverging peduncles. Flowers small, pale yellow. . Segments of the calyx; (corol. Linn.) oval and hairy on the inside. Nectarial glands ; the inner three cordate-sagittate, on short pedicells. | Those attached to the inner three fila- ments, are also supported on short pedicells, which issue from their filaments a little above their base. This circumstance alone, if constant, distinguishes it from all the other species of this genus which I have yet met With, for in all the rest they are sessile. Germ conical, one-celled, with one seed, attached to the top of the cell. Stigma three-lobed. Berry obovate, the Size of a field-bean, polished, and when ripe, of a deep dark green bordering on grey, one-celled. Seed solitary, conform to the berry. Integuments two, both thin, and ofa dark, dull brown colour. Perisperm none. Embryo con- form to the seed, inverse, pale green. Plumula conic, three-lobed. . Radicle roundish, superior. 7, ‘L. recurvata. R. ‘aunties - Leaves subopposite, ovate, Jong-pointe, With the two lateral neryes evanescent towards the 302 ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA; Laurus. apex. Nectarial glands with cordate heads. ra axillary, three-flowered. Py There are several trees of this species in Mr. Cox’s gar- den at Russapugla near Calcutta, formerly Mr. John-— son’s ; the plants are said to have been originally from China. Flowering time the hot season. Trunk short, with suberect, rigid branches ‘oni large, oblong, erect bush. Bark smooth, and more of less green, accordiug to age, Leaves subopposite, short- petioled, ovate, tapering to a long narrow point, recurv- ed, three-nerved, with the two lateral vanishing towards the apex, on both sides smooth. Peduncies axillary, & opposite, on the present years shoots below the leaves; ‘solitary, three-flowered. Corol, nectary, stamens, ana pistil as in L. Dulcis. it The leaves possess a considerable share of a swoetiel aromatic taste ; but are much weaker than those of a and the bark still more so. re 8. L. obtusifolia. R. _ Leaves opposite, three-nerved, lanceolar, obtuse. P& — nicles terminal, with an involucre of four large leaves, and a bud in the centre, smooth. Nectarial glands cor- date-sagittate. Berries oval. Kinton is the vernacular name in Silhet, and Ramtejpat at Chittagong. A large tree, a native of the mountainous countries immediately east of Bengal, where it blossoms in Janua ry and February, and the seed ripens in July and August It has the habit of the Cinnamon tree, but grows to @ “much greater size, being as large as the mango tree. timber is said to be very useful, and as it can be ar A a large size, it is used for various purposes. Branches opposite ; the young ones smooth, and some- what four-cornered. Leaves opposite, when they attend the panicles subquatern,short-petioled, lanceolar, obtus® entire, completely three-nerved, of a very firm texture Laurus. ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 303 \ smooth, of a deep, shining green on the upper surface, and glaucous underneath ; from six to ten inches long, and from two to three and a half broad. Panicles many, round a smooth scaly bud, which forms the apex of the branch- let, and also from the axils of their subquatern leaves, long-peduncled, subdecussate ; ramifications smooth, and tending to be four-cornered ; ultimate divisions three- flowered. Flowers very numerous, small, greyish-yel- low. Bractes caducous at an early period, clothed with greyish, sericeous pubescence. Calyx six-cleft, &c. as in the genus, somewhat sericeous. Nectarial filaments hairy, with large cordate-sagittate heads. Stamina as in the ge- nus, the inner three filaments have their glands clavate, and hairy. Germ superior, ovate, one-celled, containing a single ovula, attached to the top of the cell. Style shorter than the stamina. Stigma large, three-angled. Berries oval, succulent, the size of a field bean, smooth ; when ripe, black, one-celled, one-seeded, &c. as in the genus. * 9. L. dulcis. R Leaves sub-opposite, three-nerved, lanceolate. Pa. nicles terminal and axillary ; nectarial glands with pur- ple cordate heads. This elegant, tall, slender, small tree, I have only found in an Armenian’s garden near Calcutta, who in- forms me that he got the plants from China about seven years ago; they are in flower about the beginning of the hot season, in March and April, the seed ripens a in the rains. - Trunk straight, and high in proportion to its thickness ; bark ash-coloured, and smooth. Branches elegantly scat- tered in all directions, with extremities often pendulous, forming a slender, oblong head. Leaves opposite, a or Rearly so, drooping, short-petioled, lanceolate, entire, ra- - ther obtuse, three-nerved, with the lateral ones vanis! ng 304 ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Laurus. above the middle, smooth, deep green. on both sides; — about four or five inches long, and from one to one and a half broad ; when young coloured like those of the Cin-. namon tree. - Panicles terminal, or opposite near the ex- tremities of last year’s shoots, or the base of the present; when so, the coloured leafy shoot from the centre, gives to the whole the appearance of a large tufted panicle. Bractes minute, caducous.. Flowers small, of a pale yellowish colour, on pretty long, slender, diverging pedicels. Calyx none. Corolas in L. Cinnamomum. Nectarial glands cordate, dark purple, on short, thick, yellow filaments. Stamens exactly as in L, Cinnamomum. _ Germ ovate. Style crooked, the length of the stamens. Stigma Dr large, and: glanduiar. From tho sweet aromatic taste, and smell of the leaves and bark of this pretty tree, I am inclined to think itis this which yields the thin, small, quilled cinnamon like Cassia, and Cassia-buds. carried from China to Europe and elsewhere. . It is readily distinguished from L. cinnamomum by its long narrow leaves in which the nerves vanish a little above the middle, and-by its cordate nectarial glands. From Laurus Cassia it is - readily distinguished. by its leaves ; there the nerves are triple, (that is they meet the main or middle one considerably above the base of the leaves) and continue distinct to near the apex, as in Ca- rua Rheed. Mal. vol. 1, f. 57. be SECT. 2. Leaves alternate. 10. L. camphorifera. Willd. 2. 478. Leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, taper-pointed, three- nerved. Panicles axillary, with alternate corymbifo ramifications, Nectarial glands clavate, hairy. - The trees from which my description, and: capa a this famous plant are taken, grow at Hottentos Hollané near Cape Town, Cape of Good Hope. Laurus. ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 305 They were brought to that place from Sumatra, or Java by Governor Vanderstell, in 1692-3, the trunk of these trees, now 1798, is short in proportion to their thick- hess, rather crooked, and from ten to twelve or even more feet in circumference. The whole tree has much the appearance of a fine old oak. I saw about twenty of them, besides which many have been cut down for the wood, nor could I learn that any attempts had been made to pro- cure Camphire from them ; though the owner, Mynheer De Vos says, he has often observed minute whitish grains amongst the fibres of the wood, but knew not what they were, and paid no attention to them. Many young trees and plants are to be found in the neighbour- hood. They all seem perfectly at home. M. De Vos would certainly find it worth his while to cut up into chips every refuse piece, and sublime, or distil it with water in an iron retort, covered with an earthen, or wooden head, in the cavity whereof hay or straw should be put to which the Camphor as it'tises would adhere, See Kemp. Amoen. p. 772. Thunberg, &c. authors who have written on the subject. The Leaves are alternate, petioled, ovate, and oblong- lanceolate, smooth, entire, pointed, triple-nerved, the herves less regularly disposed than in any of the other spe-_ cies, and vanishing about the middle of the leaf ; they are from three to four inches long including the petiole, which is from a third to a fourth of the whole. Stipules none. Panicles axillary, solitary, about as long as the leaves, and composed of small, alternate, — Corymbiform ramifications. Flowers numerous, all her- maphrodite that I have examined, small, of a pale green- ish yellow. Bractes small, caducous. Corol, nectarial glands, stamina, pistil and berry exactly as in L. Cinna- momum, See the description thereof, The alternate leaves, and alternate ramifications f Edt We Gg RL TOS GOS Bis 306 ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Laurus, the panicles, ‘immediately distinguish this species from all the others I have yet met with. “é This is far removed from the famous san ste tree a Sumatra, which is a Shorea. ‘ Laurus camphorifera, Keempf. Amoen. 770. t. 771. Leaves alternate, oblong, ventricose, acuminate, sub- triple-nerved, with glands in their axils. Racemes axilla- ry, nectarial glands conglobate. - This slow growing, handsome tree, is a native of the Malay Islands, and was introduced into the Botanic gar- den at Calcutta in 1802.; now 1810, the largest of many individuals is only eight or ten feet high, clothed with spreading branches down to the ground, They now be- gin to blossom in April. ee Trunk in our young trees short, variously bent, divid- ing into many, far expanding, ramous branches. Bark of the oldest woody parts rather scabrous; of the young shoots smooth, polished, glaucous-green. Leaves alter- — nate, no tendency toward being opposite, petioled, of an ovate, oblong-ventricose shape, entire, waved, tapering at the apex to a long sharp point, while young, of a soft, when old, of a firm, or rather hard texture, of a polished deep green above, glaucous underneath, somewhat triple- nerved, and in the axils of the nerves little glands, as men- tioned by the accurate Koempfer ; from two to four inches long. In this species they are particularly permanent, and what is uncommon in these countries, scaly conical buds areformed. The leaves, bark, and succulent parts smell strongly of camphor when bruised, Petioles slender, chan- nelled, scarcely an inch long. Racemes axillary, short, and as yet simple, and bearing but very few, subopposite, small i whitish, pedicelled flowers. Bractes minute, and cadu-_ ; cous. Calyx and Stamin _as in the genus. ‘Nectarial ’ glands three which (as in all the other species of Laurus — described by me,) are alternate with the inner three {fila- : Laurus. ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 307 ments, sessile, conglobate, and yellow... The other three pairs are small, and attached laterally to the very base of the inner three filaments. Stamina as in the other species. _Germ superior, ovate, one-celled, containing one seed, at- tached to the top of the cell, Style about as long as the stamina, Stigma three-lobed. Berry sub-globular, size and colour of a black currant. Seed solitary. Embryo in- verse, without, perisperm, &c, as in the genus, USS Pe glaucescens. R. Leaves alternate,narrow-lanceolate, triple-nerved. Flow- ers in lateral fascicles. ; A native of the northern Circar mountains, behind Rajamundree, Laurus sylvestris. B. H. Arboreous. Leaves alternate, lanceolar, acuminate, one-nerved, Panicles terminal, tomentose (with a tomen- tose scaly bud in the centre.) Nectarial glands, broad- cordate-sagittate. Berries spherical, _ Orook, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is indi- genous, growing to the size of the mango tree. _ It flowers in February, and the seed ripens in Apriland May. The timber of this tree is made use of by the natives for vari- ous economical purposes. _° Leaves alternate, short-petioled, broad-lanceolar, and though acuminate, tapering most toward the base, en- tire, smooth on both sides, but glaucous underneath ; (no tendency to the tri or triple-nerve habit,) from three to Six inches long, and two broad, Stipules none. Panicles terminal, several, round a terminal scaly tomentose bud, the length of the leaves, having every part amply clothed With soft, light-brown pubescence, and composed of alternate, dichotomous branches ; each division three- flowered, and one in the fork. Bractes small, villous, caducous. Calyx six-cleft. Segments oblong, villous on bei sides, permanent, Nectarial glands with short fila M m 2 + 308 ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Laurus. ments, and broad-sagittate-cordate heads. Stamina as “7 in the genus, viz. six forming the exterior series, with the side of the anthers containing the four poleniferous pits facing the stigma; the inner three with their anthers re- versed ; (i. e. the four poleniferous pits facing outward. Germ ovate, one-celled, containing one ovula attached to the top of the cell. Style shorter than the stamina. Stigma small, and obscurely three-toothed. Berries round, &e, in size and appearance much like a large black cur- rant. Seed solitary, round, &c. as in the genus. eee Bae RE tn eee i 12. L. porrecta. R. “ion Leaves alternate, oblong, veined, glaucous underneath, Panicles \ateral. Nectarial glands sagittate. a ps toothed. Berries round. i Cayoo-gaddees. Marsden’s Sumatra, p. 129. A native of Sumatra. From thence Dr.Charles Campbell — sent plants to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where af ter seven years they blossomed during the cool months = of December and January, and ripened their berries May. Roots, the ligneous parts very much like sassafras, — and possessing the same pleasant, sweetish, aromatic taste and fragrance. Trunk straight to the top of the tree, and clothed with numerous branches tothe base ; the lowe? — ones reclinate, with their extremities ascending, the supe- rior ones expanding. Bark on the trunk, and old branch- es, of a brownish ash-colour, and somewhat scabrous; 00 ae the young ones smooth and green ; height of the tree, seven years, about twenty feet. Leaves alternate, petioled, a veined,* permanent, oblong, entire, generally acuminate, firm, both sides smooth, the upper polished, the under glaucous, from three to six inches long, and from two © — three broad. Petioles about an inch long, channelled, - * The trinerve or triple-nerve habit, so general amonget our East India Lauri is not found in this species. 4 Laurus. ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 309 smooth and slender. Panicles lateral, scattered round the base of the young shoots, below their tender fo- liage, solitary, long-peduncled, expanding, small, com- posed of a few, nearly diverging branchlets. Flowers numerous, pedicelled, small, pale yellow. Bractes few, mi- nute, caducous. Calyx with border divided into six al- ternately rather smaller, oblong, obtuse, expanding seg- ments, which are somewhat hairy on the inside. Nec- tarial glands three, with sagittate yellow heads, alter- nate, with the inner three stamina, and three pair on their filaments, immediately below the anthers, Fila- ments nine; six in the exterior series, inserted on the base of the divisions of the calyx, and three on the in- ner inserted with the sagittate nectarial glands, round the mouth of its tube. Anthers oval, with four poliniferous, lidded pits, on the inside of the exterior series, and four on the inside of the inner. Germ superior, ovate, one- celled, with one seed attached to the top of the cell, Style short. Stigma three-toothed. Berry globular, the size of a small black currant, smooth, when ripe succulent, and of adark purple colour, the pulp smells exactly like the fresh skin of a green orange, one-celled. Seed solitary, round. Integuments two ; the exterior one rather hard, and dark brown; the interior one membranaceous, and adhering to the cotyledons. Perisperm none. Embryo in- verse. Cotyledons semispherical. Plumula tne, peas Radicle ovate, superior, 13. L. lanceolaria. R ) Arboreous, every part glossy. Leaves alternate, lan- _ Ceolar, acuminate, one-nerved. Panicles axillary, and _Tound the base of the young shoots. Berries oblong. Pe scsmucange the vernacular name in Silhéet where it is indigenous. It grows to be a middling sized tree, the were of which the natives convert into various useful purpo ie a Flowering time igo the fruit ripens in the rains, 310 : ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Laurus, Branchlets crowded, or subverticillated, smooth, cloud- * _ed. Leaves alternate, petioled, lanceolar, tapering equally _at each end, acuminate, one-nerved, entire, shining ; from four to six inches long, and from one to one and a half broad, Panicles axillary, and round the base of the young shoots, from the-axils of the scales which formed the bud of the shoot, and also from the axils of the leaves of the shoots, long peduncled, small, smooth. Bractes, the inferior ones like the leaves, but small, those of the sub- divisions linear. Flowers numerous, small, pale yellow. Calyx six-parted. Segments oval, smooth. Stamina e : asin thegenus. Nectarial glands broad, cordate-sagit- tate, their pedicles hairy on the inside. Germ ovate, — j one-celled, containing one ovula attached to the top of the cell. Style cylindric. Stigma three-lobed. Berries oblong, succulent, smooth, black, one-celled, &e, as in the genus, il 14. L. villosa. R. vid Arboreous. Leaves alternate, petioled, lanceolar, one nerved. Panicles axillary and round the base of the young downy shoots, villous. Berries spherical, © “ A large tree, a native of the forests. of oie where it blossoms in January. ce Trunk in fall grown trees in their native soil, from ‘our ae five feet in circumference and covered with scabrous, dark brown bark ; young tender shoots tomentose, but becom — ing smooth by the second year. Leaves alternate, petioled, lanceolar, entire, one-neryed, obtuse-pointed, when they first begin to expand soft and very downy, like the twigs that bear them, but soon becoming hard and somewhat — glossy ; ; from four to six inches long, and from one and 3 half totwo broad. Panicles axillary, and round the bas@ of the young shoots, copious, the length of the leaves, very’ ramous, and very downy. Bractes small, downy. Calye, stamina and germ as in the genus, permanent. Necla Laurus. ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 31L glands pedicelled, triangularly sagittate. Berries sphe- rical, of the size and appearance of a black currant, Seeds and Embryo as in the genus. 15. L. bilocularis. R, : i Arboreous, with a straight trunk, and many, abst tended branches. Leaves opposite, and alternate, broad- lanceolar, veined. Racemes solitary under the leaves, or axillary. Filaments without glands. Necéaries nine, An- thers bilocular. Berries oblong, glaucous. _A native of the country about Tippera, from thence Stephen Harris, Esq. sent plants to the Botanic garden at Calcutta in 1797, where at the age of ten years, they blossomed in March, and the fruit ripened in June. Trunk straight, In trees thirteen years old, two feet in circumference four feet from the root, covered with smooth, ash-coloured bark. Branches very numerous, and spreading horizontally to a great extent, forming a large, Ucommonly dense, broad-ovate shady head; young Shoots round and smooth, green on the side most remote from the sun, and purplish on the other, Leaves oppo- Site and alternate, petioled, veined, broad-lanceolar, of- teneunequal at the base, entire, obtuse-pointed, smooth %n both sides ; about six inches long and two broad, deciduous Actioad the cold season, and appearing with the flowers in March. Petioles one-sixth or one-eighth the length of the leaves, round, smooth. Peduncles axillary and from the base of the young shoots below the tender leaves, solitary, scarcely so long as the petioles, round, a little villous, bearing a few, viz. from six to twelve, small Pedicelled pretty yellow flowers, in form of a raceme. Br actes. ‘one under the insertion of each pedicel, ovate, ca- , - Calyx of six oblong, villous, expanding segments, &e. as in all the other species examined by me. Corol none. Filaments nine, six in the outer series and three in the inner, all without glands, Anthers oblong-oyate, bilo- — 312 ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Anacardium, cular, that is with only one oblong, polleniferous pit on each side, as in Cassyta, this species differing from all [have yet met with, the rest having two pits on each side. Nectarial glands nine, all pedicelled ; six alter- nate, with the six exterior stamina, with larger, and more rounded heads, and three alternate with the inner three, and of a cordate-sagittate shape, all. yellow and fleshy. | Germ ovate, one-celled, with one seed attach- ed to the top of the cell. Style straight, length of the fila- ments. Stigma somewhat three-cornered. Berries ob- long, as thick as the largest olive and considerably long- er, being about two inches long, and one in diameter, smooth, when ripe a deep dark purple, covered with much whitish-grey bloom which easily rubs off. Pulp pale — yellow. Seed solitary, conform to the berry. Integument somewhat nuciform, and lined with a thin membrane, Perisperm none. Embryo inverse. Cotyledons conform to the seed. Plumule of two minute lobes, Radicle Bis i ; ish, superior. ANACARDI UM. Schreb. gen. n. 1582. 4g - Calyx five-parted. Petals five, reflexed. Germ super or, one-celled, one-seeded, attachment lateral. Nut ee form, resting on a fleshy receptacle. Embryo erect, sith ee : out perisperm. mit 1. A. occidentale. Willd. 2. 486. Kapa mava. Rheed. Mal. 3. t. 54.— Cassuvium. Rumph. Amb. 1, t. 69. » Hind. and Beng. Hijulee-budam. — _ Acajuba occidentalis, Gert. sem. 1. 192. t. 40. f2 2. A tree common in the East and West Indies. In| | Lies it is found in the vicinity of the sea only, where : the soil i is almost ess sand. ee: time Susitt . Anacardium, .ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 313 Trunk short, thick and very crooked. Bark considerably rough, and in old trees deeply cracked. Branches numer- ous, spreading in every direction to a great extent. Young shoots round, and smooth, Leaves alternate, rather short, petioled, obovate, with a rounded or emarginate apex ; smooth on both sides and of a hard texture, from four to eight inches long. Panicles terminal, bearing both barren and fertile hermaphrodite flowers intimately inter- mixed, small, and of the same size and external appear- “ance. There may be trees which produce barren flowers only. Bractes gibbous, lanceolate. Calyx inferior, five- cleft nearly to the base ; divisions oblong, conic, acute, and pretty smooth. Petals five, linear-lanceolate, revolute, of a pale yellow colour, with longitudinal pink stripes, Fila- ments generally nine, united at the base into a ring round the germ, one of them particularly in the sterile flowers, ‘More than double the length of the others. Anthers, they “appear to be all fertile, that of the major filament larger, Germ in the barren flowers minute, with a very short style, in the fertile flowers obliquely obcordate ; one-celled, with one reniform seed attached to the side of its cell. Style long, becoming convolute, as if to bring the simple stigma into contact with the large anther of the lung fila- ment. Fruit as described and figured, by Gort. vol. 1. . 192. ¢. 40. 2. A. dubium. R. A native of Sumatra, and said to be a larg’ and beau- tiful tree, tn Branchlets round, and smooth. Leaves alternate, Short-petioled, lanceolate, entire,.smooth, from four to _ Six inches long, and about two broad. Stipules none. _ Panicles terminal, thin, pretty large, and composed of _ @ few, alternate, compound, and simple corymbiferous Yawifications. Flowers numerous and small, Calyx . inferior, one-leayed, bifid. Segments rounded, — aaa : No es 314 ENNEANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Casytas. four, five, or six, (five most common,) inserted round — the middle of the clavate receptacle which elevates them, — the stamina and pistil above the calyx lincar-lanceolar. — eS Filaments four, five, or six, corresponding with the num- — ber of petals, inserted on the receptacle below the germ, rather shorter than the corol. Anthers oblong. Germ ob-— liquely obcordate, one-celled, containing one ovula at- tached to the upper part of the cell a little to one side, and immediately under the insertion of the long curved style, Stigma simple. “ae CASSYTA. git: Calyx three-leaved. Corol three-petalled. Filaments : a petaliform ; the inner three with glands at the base. Ne tarial glands three, alternate with the appendaged fila- ments. Drupe inferior, one-seeded. sabe C, filiformis, Willd. 2. 487. Filiform, lax, leafless. _ Acatsja valli. Rheed. Mal. 7. t. 44, Sans. Akashavuli. Teling. Paunch tiga. aes A thread-like leafless parasitic plant, found pane a on, and twisting round the branches of trees, &c. in ab — most every part of the Coast and in Bengal. ee Spikes lateral, ascending. Flowers small, white, ras ther remote. Bractes three-fold, embracing the fructifi- cation, like a calyx, and only a little less than it. Ca- lyx three-leaved ; leaflets very small, round, permanent Corol ; petals three, oblong, many times larger than the — calyx. .Nectary (I call what have been termed filaments — such) composed of nine, stameniferous leaflets and nine — glands ; the leaflets stand in three,series, those of the ex terior series are clubbed, lying immediately over the petals, and rather shorter than hey are ; on the inside naar lt Butomus. ENNEANDRIA HEXAGYNIA. 315 apex are two oval pits, where the stamens are lodged till they are ripe, the second and largest series oblong, stand- ing: alternate with the petals, length of the exterior series, and having their stameniferous pits the same ; inner or third series the smallest, each augmented with two yellow glands at the sides of the base, swelling out over these glands, and then tapering to an obtuse point ; the stameni- ferous pits are here on the outside. The three remaining glands are cordate, pointed, standing alternate with the ‘inner series, embracing immediately the germ. Filaments _ nine pair, most minute, inserted into the upper margins of the pits of the nine leaflets of the nectary. Anthers small, oval, when ripe they spring with a jerk from their en- closures and stand erect, or spreading upon their little filaments. Style short. Stigma entire. Nut round, covered by the increased receptacle. ENNEANDRIA HEXAGYNIA. BUTOMUS. Schreb. gen. N. 693. Gals none. Petals six, Capsules six, many-seeded. B. lanceolatus, R. | | Leaves radical, long-petioled, lanceolate Scape as long as the leaves, bearing from six to twelve long pedi- celled flowers in an upright umbel. Found by Dr. Buchanan, in the Eastern parts of Bengal. No2 CLASS X. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. : SOPHORA. Schreb. gen. N. 694. Calyx gibbous, five-toothed. Corol papilionaceous, wings length of the vexillum. Legume necklace-shaped. 1. S. tomentosa. Willd. 2. 500. . Shrubby. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets about eight pait, between alternate and opposite, ovate, obtuse, hoary un- derneath. Legume necklace-shaped. | This large shrub, or small tree, is so far as I can learn, a native of Ceylon. From thence it was introduced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta in 1798, by Dr, A. Berry. Flowering time in Bengal the rainy season, | Trunk erect, with expanding branches. Bark of ee old woody parts somewhat scabrous, of the young shoots hairy. Leaves alternate, pinnate, from six to tet inches long. Leaflets about eight pair, short- petioled, neither alternate nor opposite but between the two; ovate, - obtuse, entire, of a firm texture, smooth above and hoary underneath ; from an inch to an inch and a half long, and about one broad. Petioles and petiolets round, and je villous. Stipules none. Racemes terminal. Flowers nt merous, generally single, bright yellow, fragrant. Bractes — : solitary, one-flowered, caducous. Calyx villous, of a short urceolate shape, with the margin slightly five-tooth- ed, and incurved. Coro/ papilionaceous. Legume neck- — : lace-shaped, villous, composed of about five or six neal- ly round. protuberances,, with a single, round, Deg emhooth seed i in aeach, erg ce eeee rae nage Ceceiy te ee REE RSET ING So age ae Pie Podalyria. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 317 PODALYRIA. Lamark. _ Calyx five-toothed. Corol papilionaceous. Legume veniricose, few, or many-seeded. P. bracteata. R. Shrubby. Leaves simple, oval. Peduncles axillary, once or twice bifid; ultimate divisions flowered, with a pair of large, opposite, roundish, many-nerved bractes, hiding the calyx, and a similar pair at the forks of the peduncles. Gopoort, the vernacular name in the Silhet district, Where it is found indigenous in the forests, growing to the size of a large bushy sbrub,; | Flowering in May and June, and the seeds ripening in December and January. Tender shoots columnar, and clothed with a few thinly Scattered hairs. Leaves alternate, bifarious, petioled, - oval, entire, obtuse, smooth, and beautifully reticulat- ed with slender veins ; from three to six inches long, and from two to four broad. Petioles from half an inch, to.an inch and a half long, a little hairy. Stipules ovate, ma- hy-nerved. Peduncles axillary, solitary, once or twice bifid, each ultimate division, one-flowered. Bracfes in pairs at the divisions of the peduncles, one pair the Jargest, embracing each flower; all round, or oval, and Many-nerved. Flowers large, white, perfectly papiliona- ceous. Calyx bowl-shaped, hairy on the outside, Mouth Mequally five-toothed, caducous. Banner very broad, deeply emarginate, short-clawed. Wings falcate, obtuse, five-clawed, the length of the banner, keel two-petalled, their lower margins united, of the length and shape of the Wings, Filaments ten, distinct to their insertion into the Teceptacle round the base of the germ, subulate, smooth, Nearly as long as the pistillum, ascending in a gentle “urve, Anthers ovate, oblong, erect. Germ lanceolate, Smooth, one-celled, containing three ovula attached to: the paula Style subulate. Stigma acute, g 818 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bauhinia. liquely oblong, tapering equally at each end, with the apex acuminate, and somewhat recurved,one-celled, two-valy- _ ed, smooth, on the outside dark brown, within pretty . and whitish, from three to four inches long and one and _ahalf broad. Seeds two, or three, large, and very wne- qual, ofa dark brown colour. Perisperm none. Embryo as in other Leguminose. ~ BAUHINIA. _ Calyx a spathaceous border or tubular base: Corol ir regular, five-petalled, expanding. Anthers incumbent, bursting longitudinally on their sides. a4 * SECT. I. Trees or Shrubs. 1. B. candida. Willd. 2. 510. = Arboreous. Leaves roundish, downy underneath. pe obtuse, Panicles terminal. Segments five, all fertile. ee. gume linear. om _ Sans. Kuvidara, also Yooga-putra, doublo‘leated Hind, Kana-raja. A small handsome tree. I have only found it in gar " be dens, where it flowers about the beginning of the hot sem a son. . i Leaves alternate, petioled, nearly bifarious suborbicu- € lar, two-lobed, from nine to eleven-nerved, the middle : one ending in a villous bristle between the lobes, below downy ; lobes oval, obtuse, or very obtusely-pointed ; the eee whole leaf is from three to five inches each way. ptt ee ‘mes axillary, and terminal, those of the axils small _ simple, the terminal ones large, compound, or pa es Flowers humerous, white, large, delightfully fragrant, Calyx spathiform, leathery, not gaping ‘at the base, split- ting longitudinally on the under side; apex. minutely five-toothed. Filaments five, ascending, the uppermost smallest, Anthers linear, incumbent ; there. seit ee arate rare Bauhinia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 319 rile filaments in this species. Germ long-pedicelled. Style short, ascending, Legume linear, compressed smooth, many-seeded. - 2. B. variegata. Willd. 2. ’ Arboreous. Leaves smooth, subrotund with obtuse lobes. Racemes terminal and axillary. Petals broad- cuneiform, with waved margins. Stamens five, all fertile. Legume linear, Chovanna mandaru. Rheed. Mal. lip: 57. t. a2. Sans. Kuvidara. Beng. Ructa-kanchun, It is one of the most stately of the genus, growing to be atree of considerable size ; I have only found it in gar- dens ; where it is indigenous I cannot say. Flowering time the rweastlts of February and March, the seed eripass in April and May. Trunk tolerably erect, often as thick as a man’s Bye _ Bark dark ash-coloured and pretty smooth. = Branches humerous, spreading in every direction, with smooth ash- coloured bark. Leaves subifarious, petioled, suborbicu- — lar, two-lobed ; lobes obtuse, smooth above, somewhat villous underneath, from two to three inches each way, Racemes terminal, few-flowered. — Peduncles clavate, round, villous. Bractes small, caducous. Flowers large, — ofa lively reddish purple. Calyx spathiform. Petals Unilateral, pairs equal, and oblong, with somewhat curled Margins ; the upper one is broader, more deeply colour- ed, and with a longer channelled claw. Stamina five, all fertile, sometimes there are the minute rudiments of {tom one to five abortive-filaments between them. Legume Straight, linear, compressed, acuminate, pedicelled. Seeds | Six totwelve, approximate, or often with the anterior _ oe one eae: over the posterior edge of its neigh- as a “This tree can only ‘be said to differ from B, 320 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bauhinia. in the colour of the flowers ; had I met with this first, at. should certainly haye considered the other asa a i only. wt 3. B. purpurea. Willd. 2. 511. Arboreous. Leaves smooth ; lobes obtuse. Filaments ten, of which three or four are large and fertile. Pamnicles terminal. Legumes linear. i Chovanna-mandaru. Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 33. “ Hind. Sona. Kit Beng. Deva-kanchun, i This I have not only found in gardens, bind also wild on the mountains, where it grows to bea large tree. ‘Leaves alternate, petioled, nearly bifarious, smoothon — both sides, from nine to eleven-nerved ; the middle one ending between the lobes in a bristle ; lobes oblong, ob- — tuse, the whole from five to six inches long, and from four to five broad. Panicles terminal, ascending, com- posed of racemes, similar to, though larger than those-of B. candida. Bractes, one embracing the insertion of the — pedicel, and two pressing the calyx laterally. Flowers — numerous, of a deep rose colour, very large. Calyx gene rally splits into two ; divisions reflexed, the lower one 8 generally emarginate, and the upper one three-toothed. Petals lanceolate, waved. Stamens three or four, large with fertile anthers and six or seven small sterile filaments. ~ 4. B. triandra. R. ss _ Arboreous. Leaves smooth, subrotund, with lobes 5 ob ie tuse. Racemes terminal and axillary. Petals form, obtuse, long-clawed, margins waved, and a Fertile stamina three. Legume linear, many-seeded. A native’of Bengal. In the Botanic garden at Caleut- ta,it blossoms in October and November, the ate ripens | in March. . Trunk straight, and of considerable size. Brances Bauhinia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 321 with smooth brown bark. Leaves alternate, petioled, sub- orbicular, two-lobed, having the lobes obtuse, entire, and smooth on both sides, about three inches long.and four broad,the whole leaf being nearly the same. Petioles round, smooth, swelled at each end, length about one-third of the leaves. Racemes terminal or axillary, rarely oppo- site to the leaves. Calyx spathiform, &c. as in the other species. Petioles cuneiform, obtuse, with the mar- gins waved and curled, three of them forming as it were an upper, and the other two the under lip of the corol. Filaments ten, of which three only are of the length of the pistil, and bear fertile anthers, the other seven very small and without the least vestige of an anther. Leé- -gume somewhat sickle-shaped, linear, smooth, from six to twelve inches long. Seeds remote, flat, round, ,from _ eight to sixteen in each legume. - This when in flowers, is one of the most beautiful spe- cies of Bauhinia I have yet met with, and as it blossoms when so low as three feet, and when not more than one year old, is particularly well adapted for the conservatory. It comes nearest to purpurea in the parts of fructification, 5. B)malabarica. R. Arboreous. Leaves transversely broad, oval, smooth, ‘Rine-nerved, slightly two-lobed ; lobes rounded. Race- mes axillary, corymbiform, sessile ; calyx and coral regu- lar; stamina ten, all fertile, A pretty large tree, a native of Malabar, in the’Bota- nic garden at Calcutta, young trees four or five years old from the seed, are about twenty feet high, their stems about as thick asa man’s thigh ; coma very ramous, With its numerous, smooth, slender, flexuose branchlets, drooping. It begins to blossom in October and November. is very distinct species is remarkable for the regulari- 'y of its five-parted calyx, and equally disposed, equal — al DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA- Bauhinia, 6. B. retusa, R. ; Arboreous. Leaves roundish, reniform, from cocostalal to scarcely emarginate. Panicles terminal. Petals round- ish. Stamens three, all fertile. Legume oblong, from five to six-seeded. I found this species i in the Company’s Botanic. gar- den at Calcutta, but could never Jearn from whence it _ was brought. The trees are about twenty years old, Flowering time September ; the seed ripens in March. Trunk short and thick, but rarely straight, Branches spreading, with long, slender, waving, pendulous branch- lets. Bark pretty smooth, rust coloured. _ Leaves bifa- rious, alternate. petioled, round-reniform ; from two lob- ed, to slightly emarginate, with a bristle in the notch, from seven to eleven-nerved,; smooth on both sides, di+ mensions from three to six inches each way. _Panicles — terminal, and axillary, composed of many corymbiform racemes ; the ramifications a little villous. Flowers nu> merous, small, pale yellow, beautifully marked with nu- merous, small, purple spots. Filaments three, from the under side, nearly as long as the pistil, ascending, they até allfertile, On the upper side of the large woolly recep- tacle into which these and the pistil are inserted, ate two large; yellow, bristle-pointed, smooth glands, with smaller brownish ones, intermixed ; some, or all of these have also a little bristle issuing from them, Pistillum, when the flowers firstexpand, and for sometime afterwards — recurved, as if to. place the stigma below the anthers; afterwards it becomes incurved like the stamens, and im, that, situation the stigma is higher than the anther. Le- gume linear-oblong, with the apex rounded, flat, smooth, — about six inches long, and two broad. Seed from four t0, eight in the legume, obeyate, much compressed, smooth, and of a dark brown colour. . . From wounds made in the bark a brownish pa gam ; like that of the cherry tree, is produced. ey, * : : . ; : * of* ~ ban Bauhinia. DECANDRIA MONOGY NIA. 323 7. B. parviflora, Willd. 2. 509. “Arboreous. Branchlets drooping. Leaves subreniform, deeply two-lobed ; lobes obtuse. Racemes solitary. Stamens ten, all fertile. Legume linear, ligneous, many-seeded. Sans. Vuna-raja, Tam. Areka-marum. Teling. Arro. -/A small, uncommonly crooked bushy tree; a native of most forests on the coast of Coromandel. Bark dark and scabrous. . “Leaves alternate, petioled, two-lobed, ndiiderer built dow- ny; lobes oblong, rounded at both ends ; size various, the whole leaf generally about two inches’ broad, and not quite so long. Petioles round, downy. Racemes simple, ter- minal, or leaf-opposed. Flowers scattered, pretty large, _ yellow. Calyx spathiform, bursting on the under side, reflected, not gaping atthe base. Petals and stamens ascending. Anthers fertile on all the ten filaments. Le- gume scimitar-shaped, very hard, not opening, inter- tupted, Seeds from ten to twenty, oval, smooth, shining, brown. Matchlock men make their matches of the bark ~ ofthis tree ; it burns long, and slowly, without the help Of salt-petre or any other combustible. ‘To prepare the bark itis boiled, dried, and beat. Ropes are also made of the inner rind, which is fibrous, strong and durable. » 8. B. tomentosa. Willd, 2. 511. _ Shrubby. Leaves roundish, deeply two-lobed, villous underneath. Stipules setaceous. Peduncles leaf-oppos- ed, two-flowered. Petals oval. Stamina ten, all fertile. Legume lanceolate, villous. Canschena-pou. Rheed. Mal..1. t. 35. _ Anative of Malabar, Coromandel mountains, &¢ oo "4 the Botanic garden at vaca it is in blossom most Part of the year. | 700% 324 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Bauhinia, Trunk straight. Branches numerous, forming a close, handsome, large shrub. Bark ash-coloured ; young shoots villous ; the general height about ten feet, I mean of large plants, Leaves alternate, bifarious, petioled, roundish, deeply two-lobed, with a minute bristle between ; lobes roundish, villous underneath. Stipules filiform, villous. Peduncles solitary, nearly opposite to the leaves, two- cleft, two-flowered, Flowers large, of a pale sulphur colour, drooping. Bractes three on the outside of the base of each pedicel. Petals oval, the upper one smaller, and ~ in some plants marked on the inside, with an oblong deep purple spot. Filaments ten, ascending, the length of the pistillum, Anthers ten, all fertile, Legume lanceolate, vil- lous, from five to six-seeded. 9. B. acuminata. Willd. 2. 511. : Shrubby. Leaves with lobes somewhat pointed, Ra- cemes laterifolius, and terminal. Stamens ten, alternate by shorter. Legumes lanceolate, Velutta-mandaru. Rheed. Mal. 1. p. 61. t. 34. Beng. Canchun. Hind. Cuchunar. It is a small, ramous tree, or large shrub ; whole height from eight to ten feet. It is in flower most part of the year. Trunk scarcely any, but many large branches spread i m every direction ; bark greyish brown. Leaves alternate, bifarious, weiteiid two-lobed, nine-nerved, the middle nerve ends in a short bristle between the lobes ; smooth above, downy underneath ; lobes oblong, somewhat point- ed ; from two to four inchéd long. Petioles chann euitiod: and jointed at the base, downy, one inch long. Stipules half-lanced, very acute. Flowers racemed, large, pure white, inodorous, Racemes solitary, laterifolious, OF terminal, short, few-flowered. Bractes a small pointed one oelow each pedicel, with two or more scattered among © the * Bauhinia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 325 pedicels. Calyx above, tapering toa long, fine point, Corol regular; petals expanding, oblong, concave, obtuse. Filaments ten, ascending, five are larger, more spreading than and alternate with the five shorter ones. Anthers equal. Legume obliquely linear-lanceolate ; upper margin three-keeled. Seeds from eight to twelve. Note. The pistillum is often minute, and abortive. This species differs from candida in being rarely more than a shrub; in having the lobes of the leaves pointed, and Inodorous. Flowers with ten fertile stamens. It is a very specious plant, well deserving a place in the Bardens of | Gp curious. SECT. II. Scandent. - 10. B. racemosa. Vahl. symbol. 3. p. 56. ¢.62, Willd, 2. - Scandent, and of immense extent. 'Tendrils opposite. Leaves subrotund ; lobes obtuse, downy. Racemes corym- biform, terminal. Stamina five, three of them fertile. Legume linear, ligneous, very downy. Hind, Mahwal. Nap. Boila. Teling. Adda. The largest and most extensive creeper I have seen, It is a native of the mountainous parts all over India, where it runs over the highest trees. Trunk often as thick as a child’s waist when only ten years old. Bark brown and rough, Branches very ex- tensive, I may say from one to three hundred feet; young. shoots covered with remarkably soft down, Leaves re- Markably large, alternate, petioled, two-lobed ; lobes rounded at both ends, downy with a middle nerve, ending in a soft bristle between the lobes ; size often a foot each Way. Petioles round, downy. Tendrils opposite below, 326 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bauhinia. the leaves, woody, very strong, simple. Racemes terminal corymbiform. Peduncles round, downy; not very long, as the flowers grow near each other. Pedicels about two inches long, thickened near the apex, jointed, and have there two small lanceolate bractes ; besides a downy, narrow-laaceolate one below each pedicel. Flowers pret- ty large, when they first open white, but gradually be- coming yellow. Calyx spathiform, on a tubular base. Corol, the superior petals larger, the inferior more dis- tant, Filaments on the upper side of the germ three, — nearly as long as the petals, ascending, bearing oblong, incumbent anthers; on the under side two or three very small, and without anthers. Germ oblong, sessile, — downy. Style subulate, rather shorter than the filaments. Stigma headed. Legume pendulous, about twelve or eighteen inches long, and from two and a half to three — broad, compressed, woody, covered with much, dark brown, soft yelvet-like down. Seeds from eight to twelve, orbicular, flat, smooth, brown, about an inch in diameter, and one-sixth of an inch thick, They are eaten raw, when ripe, the taste islike that of Cashew-nuts. - _ The leaves are employed to line baskets, and various other sorts of packages by the hill people, where the plant grows for which they are well adapted not only on | account of their great size, but also on account of theif being remarkably firm, tough, and durable, Tl. B. scandens. Willd. 2. 58. Pie Scandent. Tendrils opposite. Leaves round cordate, apex two-lobed. Racemes terminal, simple, or ramous- Flowers triandrous, Loganes linear, from four to five- . Folium tail: Rumph, Amb, 5. p.1. t. 1. ‘ Gunda-gilla the vernacular name in Silhet, where it : is indigenous i in the forests of that province, running UP» * Bauhinia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.- 327 and over trees of the first magnitude. Flowering in April and the seed ripening in October. + Branchlets very long, flexuose, sending forth from each knee, a small tendril-bearing floriferous twig. The ten- drils are generally opposite, slender, flattened and simple. Leaves alternate, long-petioled, round-cordate, apex di- vided into two lobes, by an open gape; some few are found perfectly entire, smooth on both sides, general size _ from three to five inches each way. Racemes terminal, . sometimes ramous, but far more frequently simple, co- vered with much brown sericeous pubescence. Flowers rather small for a Bauhinia, alternate, solitary, long pe- dicelled. Bractes acuminate, one under each pedicel, sericeous. Calyx clavate, sericeous, having the mouth divided into five, small, rounded segments. Petals five, nearly equal, orbicular, short-clawed, densely clothed with much soft, ferruginous grey-down, Filaments three, ascending, longer than the pistillum. Anthers incumbent, Germ short-pedicelled, linear, densely clothed with ferru- ginous down, one-celled; ovula from five to six. Style tather short. Stigma capitate. Legume linear-oblong, dark brown, somewhat villous, from four to six inches long, and two broad. Seeds about two, nearly orbicular, ora little compressed, smooth, of a dark brownishsblack, seven-eighths of the margin is surrounded with the eye as in Carpopogon ; they are the size of a chesnut, and. ‘sur- rounded with a soft, spongy, greyish, yellow substance, 12. B, piperifolia. R. Scandent, smooth. Leaves entire, cordate, from five | to seven-nerved, lucid. Panicles terminal. Legumes from Tound to oval, one or two-seeded. A large scandent species, a native of the mountain : forests north of Silhet, where it blossoms about the We ; Ciena of the pels season. — aa? 328 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA; Bauhinia, 13. B. anguina. R. Scandent. Stem compressed, flexuose; flexures approx- imate, regularly and alternately concave and convex on the two flat sides. Leaves subcordate, smooth, en- tire, or two-lobed ; lobes subtriangular, and acuminate. Panicles terminal, flowers triandrous. Legumes oval, smooth, from one to two-seeded. Naga-ma-valle. Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 30 sink 31. Folium linga. Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 1. cannot be this, and to it Ihave retained the old Linnean specific name scan- dens, though some other might be better, as there are ma- ny scandent species now known. oi Nag-poot is the vernacular name in Silhet. xg, _ Thisis the most extraordinary as well as one of the — most extensive ramblers I have met with. Itis a native of the mountainous tracts in the vicinity of Silhet, Chit- tagong, &c. andthe most regularly serpentine pieces of - the stems and large branches are carried about by our nU- merous mendicants, to keep off serpents. Flowering time about the end of the rains, and the seeds ripen in the cool, season. Stems and large branches flat being from four to six inches broad, scarcely half an inch thick, when old the margins become double, like the letter V or T, and pretty straight, whereas the body, or space between them, is regularly flexuose, with the flexures alternately conve* and concave. Bark rather rough, and ill defined. Wood hard, but porous, and nearly white. Branches and branch- lets bifarious, and regularly alternate, from the flexuose parts just mentioned. Tendrils simple, or bifid, permanent. Leaves bifarious, alternate, petioled ; on the older plants entire or nearly so, and round-cordate ; on young plants; and on the luxuriant shoots, more or less bifid, with the lobes narrow and tapering much to their points ; from five to seven-nerved, smooth on both sides, from two to six inches each way. Paniclesterminal, composed of long, sim ple racemes, of numerous, very small white flowers. Calys Bauhinia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 329 cup-shaped, unequally five-toothed. | Petals five, obo- yate, short-clawed. | Stamina only three, all fertile. Germ short-pedicelled, oblong, inserted on the under margin of a large, two-lobed gland, which occupies the centre of the flowers, one-celled, two-seeded, Style short. Stigma simple. Legume oblong, thin, with the edges even, and the apex a small recurved point, both sides smooth, about two inches long, and one broad, one-cell- ed. Seeds one or two, oval, with an obtuse point on ~ the anterior upper part, which is formed by the radicle compressed, smooth. | Integument in the recent state single, Perisperm in considerable quantity in the fresh ‘seed. Embryo curved, &c. as in the sides. | 14. B. corymbosa. R. Scandent. Leaves two-parted ; lobes semicordate, ob- _tuse, two or three nerved. Corymbs terminal ; flowers triandrous ; petals spatulate, and curled, Legumes uepar, from six to twelve-seeded. . This very extensive delicate species, is a native of China ; from thence seeds were sent to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where in five years the plants raised from them began to blossom abundantly in April, and ripened their seed in the rainy season, Stem scarcely any thing that deserves the name, but many, long, slender branches, and branchlets, climb and Spread in every direction to an extent of many fathoms, Tanning over high trees, &c. Bark smooth, that of the old ligneous parts dark-brown; of the young shoots green,and. Often coloured. Tendrils opposite, simple, short. Leaves alternate, bifarious nearly round, smooth, divided for about three-fourths down; length and breadth about one inch and a half, lobes semicordate, very obtuse, from two to three-nerved. Stipules ensiform. Corymbs ter-. Minal on the short lateral branchlets, short peduncled, Flowers of a middling size, age with a ie Seana 330 ‘DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bauhinia. pink, fragrant. Pedicels long, jointed at the. middle ; the upper portion, or rather tube of the calyx clavate. Brac- — tes filiform. Calyx, here, and I believe in all our Indian species, ought to be described witha long slender tube, and five-parted border.. Petals five, equal, spatulate, elegantly curled, spreading. Filaments from the mouth of the tube of the calyx ; three long and fertile, and from two to five small, and abortive. Anthers oval, two-lobed. Germ linear, curved, smooth, rising on a pedicel, with the three fertile stamina, from the lower edge of the mouth of the tube of the calyx, one-celled ; ovula many, attach- ed tothe upper margin. Style short. Stigma large. Le- gume thin, from four to five inches long, and three-fourths of an inch broad, smooth, dark brown, from six to twelve- seeded, : 15..B. semibifida. R. Scandent. Leaves subovate, deeply two-lobed. Sigal broad-falcate, Racemes terminal. Calyx five-leaved. Pe- tals oblong, claved. Stamina three, with two rudiments. Legume flat, smooth, few-seeded. ida A native of the Malay Archipelago ; from Sumatra it has been introduced into the Botanic garden at Calcut- ta where it blossoms in October and N ovember ; “i ripen in April. Stems and branches ligneous, scandent, ue bent in _ various directions, Bark of the young shoots clothed with much ferruginous pubescence. Leaves bifarious, petioled, subobevate, deeply two-lobed, from seven to nine-nerved; lobes linear oblong, obtuse, pretty smooth on both sides 5 length of the whole leaf from three to five inches, and the breadth from two to four. Petioles round, villous, half the length of the leaves. Stipules broad-falcate, obtuse. Ten- drils simple, ligneous, permanent. Racemes terminal, erect, solitary, large, many-flowered. Flowers white, changios to pale yellow when the stamina drop, pretty large, ope ‘Bauhinia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 831 ing in succession from the base up, fragrant, Peduncles and pedicels round and clothed with rust coloured down, like the other tender parts; the latter from one to two inches long, ascending; apex clavate, this club or en- largement is hollow, with a perforation from the apex immediately within the attachment of the pedicel of the germ, and as itis common to all, it may very properly be called the tube of the calyx. Bractes minute, caducous ‘at an early period. Calyx of five linear, thick, fleshy, reflexed, caducous leaflets. Petals five oblong ; base ta- pering into claws, the exterior two large, the inner one very small: Filaments five, the three exterior ones fertile, incurved, shorter than the two longest petals, smooth, white, the twoinner ones minute. Anthers very large, incumbent. © Germ short, thick and villous. Stig- ma very large, and clammy. Legume sublanceolate, thin, very smooth, of a dark chesnut colour. Seeds a few, near- ly round, flat, and smooth, 16. B. ferruginea. R. ~ Scandent. Leaves subrotund, two-lobed. Racemes ter- minal, solitary. Tendrils solitary. Petals lanceolate, ob- — tuse, downy on the outside. Filaments sah three with anthers, and two sterile. _ Avery large, woody, scandent species, a native of the Malay Islands,. &c- about the straits of Malacca, “YB. integrifolia. R. RDS? Scandent. Leaves subrotund, emarginate ; floral aver cordate, acute. Corymbs panicled. ‘Filaments five, three with anthers, and two sterile. — Alarge, woody, climbing species, a native of Pulo Pe ~ Stem, and larger branches woody, climbing over rees, Ke. bark smooth; 3 young. ‘shoots covered with dark: rust-c a r os alternate, petioled, orbicular, « Pp2 332 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Cassia, ginate, otherwise entire, smooth on both sides; from seven to eleven-nerved, size very various. Floral leaves _ cordate, with downy nerves and petioles, _ Tendrils gene- rally axillary, simple, or two-parted. Corymbs terminal, and from the exterior axils, numerous, forming large ter- minal panicles ; every part covered with much dark rust- coloured down. Flowers very numerous, small, of a pale yellowish colour. Bractes solitary, one-flowered, oblong, concave, caducous. Calyx witha tubular base. Border _often divided into five parts. Petals oval, subequal, waved, expanding. Claws hairy. Filaments five, three with anthers, longer than the pistil ; two sterile, rather shorter than the petals, and very slender; the whole, with the style, ascend in an elegant curve. Germ pedi- celled, very hairy, from three to four-seeded, inserted on the lower margin of the mouth of the tube of the calyx. Stigma peltate, 18. B. cordifolia. R. Smooth in every part. Leaves cordate, from shigell five-nerved. Corymbs terminal, Flowers Rripnlronte ene pedicelled. Stigma peltate, Agistt _A native of the Moluccas. CASSIA. Tourn. Gert. Calyx five-leaved, Petals five, nearly equal, Filennts unequal. Anihers opening by two slits on the front. - Note. The genus Cassia, like many others, is now, more extensive than convenient, I haye therefore, with Gertner ; separated the lomentaceous species from the leguminous. - The former under the old generic name Cassia and. he: latter Senna. The first are trees of great. beauty, eaten when in : aynet, the leaves pinnate ; no glands on the common pe \ Cassia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 333 tioles but stipulate at the base. Flowers on axillary ra- , . cemes. Calyx of five equal leaflets, Corol of five nearly equal petals. Stamina very unequal; the three Jower fi- laments much longer. than the rest, with a double curve below the middle, and in two of them, a large swelling at the middle. Loment cortical, cylindric, pendulous, many-celled, with one seed in each. Embryo straight, furnished with a hard perisperm, large, roundish Cotyle- and a centrifugal radicle, BDO, fistula, Willd. 2. p. 518. ‘Leaflets about five pair, ovate oblong. Rucomi panda lous. Loment cylindric, pendulous ; partitions lined with soft sweet pulp. Sans. Soovurnuka. _ Beng. Soondali. Hind. Umultuss. Teling. Rela. Conna. Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 22. A native of various parts of the East Indies, as well, I presume, as of the west; as young trees reared from West India seed, now ten years old, do notin any respect differ from these of the East, both are now, April, in full flower, and the seeds are ripe about nine, or ten months afterwards. ! Trunk short. Bark smooth,ofa light net Branch- ésnumerous, spreading in every direction ; general height of full grown trees from twenty to thirty feet. Leaves al- ternate, bifarious, pinnate, from twelve to eightecn inches. long, deciduous in the cool season, and appearing with the blossoms in April. Leaflets from four to eight pair, five the most common, opposite or nearly so, short petioletted, the inferior ones broad-ovate, the superior ones. oblong, entire, generally obtuse or emarginate, polished on both Sides, from two to six inches long and from ane anda alt to three broad, Petioles round, without glands. pets 334 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cassia. _vermicular. Stipules minute, conic, Racemes pendulous, simple, from one to two feet long. Flowers large, bright yellow fragrant, diverging on long slender, smooth pedi- cels. Calyx of five, nearly equal, oval, smooth leaflets, which are much shorter than the corol. Petais equal in shape ; viz. oval, but differing in size. Filaments the three lower much longer than the others and having a double curve, but no swelling, as in some of the other species with cylindric filaments. Anthers on the three long filaments oblong, opening by two lines on the face, the other seven clavate, with pores at the small end. Germ’ pedicelled, filiform, smooth, one-celled, containing numerous seeds, which at this period are without any sign of separation, that appearing in the advanced state, attached to the up — per margins.’ Style short, incurvate. Stigma conic, smooth, Loment cylindric, pendulous, &c. as deseribed by the accurate Geriner, vol. 2.p. 313 t. 147. an The tree is uncommonly beautiful when in flower, few surpassing it in the elegance of its numerous long, pen- dulous racemes of large, bright yellow flowers, inter ed with ed young, lively green 1 foliage. ee ob: #3 . ‘ ee 24 Har7e. rhombifolia. R. ' Leaflets about five-pair, rhombiform, polished, abe pendulous. Loment ghee Sine il lined ee bitter pulp. | 2 Last: A native of Ceylon, from thence General Hay Mace dowall sent seeds to the Botanic garden at Calcutta ° 1802, In six years the plants therefrom have attained t3 the height of twenty feet. It blossoms during the months of May and June, and the ‘seed ripens 1 in Febraaty, March, and April, Trunk straight. Bark light ska lbpRaired? and sot! Branches spreading, with bark like that of the trunk. Branchléts bifarious, flexuose, round, and smooth. ne base often remains, and resembles rude thorns, Led se wor Cassia, DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 335 alternate, bifarious, pinnate, rather. more than a foot long, Leaflets from three to seven pair, opposite, short petiolet- ted, tapering equally at both ends, rhombiform, entire, obtuse, polished ; from two to four inches long, and from one to two broad. _—‘Petioles round, slender, no glands. Petioles vermicular. Racemes from the leafless branch- lets of the former year, also axillary, solitary, or in fasci- cles, pendulous. Flowers large, bright yellow, on long slender diverging pedicels. Bractes tern, lanceolate, very early caducous. Calyx of five, nearly equal, oblong, ob- tuse, concave, smooth leaflets. Petals five, nearly equal, spreading ; oblong, obtuse, concave. Filaments the lower three as long as the pistillum. They have a double curve at the base and ascend ina semicircle. Anthers on the three long filaments, oblong, and opening in two. lines on the face, those of the other seven clavate, with two pores at the smallend. Germ pedicelled, filiform, smooth, ascending in a semicircular curve, with the three long filaments, one-celled, in which are numerous seeds attached to the upper margin. Style short. Stigma minute, “Loment cylindric, pendulous, above two feet long, and Scarcely so thick as the little finger, having the sutures Sometimes strongly marked with Cortex dark brown, smooth, and hard,and the bristle as in C. fistula,many-cell- ed, about four in every inch, but not opening spontaneous- ly. Partitions lined with soft, black, bitterish pulp, Seeds one in each cell, round, obcordate, the size of a small pea. Integument simple, hard, and polished. Perisperm con- form to the seed, of a hard tough texture, and pale ash- colour, even while fresh. Embryo straight, pale yellow. Cotyledons nearly round, and so large as to extend to the integument all round, dividing the perisperm, Plumula of one pectinate lobe. -Radicle roundish, pape 4 Within: the umbilicus, iM It differs from ©. fistula in the alison: of the leaves a more ‘Slenderloment, and general habit of the tree: 336 - DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cassia, 3. C. nodosa. Buch. Leaves bifarious ; leaflets ten- -paired, oblong. | Stipules obliguely crescent-shaped, with a bristle. at each angle. Racemes lateral. Three lower filaments with a globular swelling near the middle. irs A native of Chittagong, In the Botanic garden at Calcutta it flowers in April. Trunk short; in one tree twelve years old, it is thirty- eight inches in Eeceuienains Bark smooth. Branches nu- merous, bifarious, spreading much ; young shoots slightly pubescent, grooved, and flexuose. | Leaves bifarious, spreading, about a foot long or more. Leaflets from eight to twelve pair, toward the apex narrower and sub-lance- olate ; the lower pairs ovate and ovate-lanceolar, all are smooth and entire, from two to three inches long, Petioles round, slightly villous, without glands, Stipules obli- quely crescent-shaped, with the extremities lengthen- ed into long subulate spurs. Racemes lateral, ont naked, two or more year-old branchlets, simple. _Bractes three-fold, one-flowered, narrow-lanceolate, the lateral pair smaller. Pedicels slender, villous, diverging, about two inches long, one-flowered. Flowers large, of a beal- tiful pale pink colour. Leaflets of the. calyx equal, ovate. Petals lanceolate, nearly equal, eight or ten times longer than the calyx. Filaments ten, very unequal ; the lower three much longer, each with a globular swell- ing near the middle and a double curye below it. Anthers on the three long filaments opening on the sides, the rest opening by two pores at the base. Germ pedicelled, incuty> ed, cylindric, one-celled, containing numerous seeds ab tached to the upper suture or concaye side. Style vey short. Stigma minute, green. _-Loment cylindric, pend- lous, about two feet long, more than eighty-celled, with transverse partitions, lined with a dry substance. Seed $0 litary, Perisperm in small quantity, and particularly yel- low. Embryo as in ©. bacillus, Ke. see. ataeie ak 313. oe Cassia. | DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 337 4. C. bacillus. Gert, sem. 2. p. 313. Leaflets from ten to” twelve pair, oblong, or pie: ob- tuse. Stipules crescent-shaped, adnate. Racemes termi- nal, on short lateral branchlets. |The three lower fila- ments with an oval, swelling near the middle, » | « - Cassia fistula silvestris, Rumph. Amb. 2, t. 22. A native of the Malay Islands. From seed received from Sumatra into the Botanic garden at Calcutta many trees have been reared. They blossom during the hot season and ripen their seed in February. _ When in flower it is by far the most beautiful cassia Ihave yet seen, Trunk of our young trees rather crooked and leaning to one side. Bark smooth, dark brown, spreading almost horizontally, with alternate, bifarious spreading-flexuose branchlets. — Spines, the base of many of the branchlets become such, and of great strength, and size. Leaves: al- ternate, bifarious, pinnate, from six to twelve inches long. Leaflets generally from eight to fourteen pair though on the small lateral floriferous branchlets they are often only from two to three or four pair, all very short petioletted, oval, or oblong, entire, very obtuse or even Marginate and smooth; from one to two inches long and about half that in breadth. Petioles without glands. Stipules crescent-shaped, lower half narrower, and less obtuse, the upper half much broader and emarginate, With a bristle.. Racemes terminal, on short lateral branch- lets.’ Bractes ten, cordate, cuspidate, one-flowered. Pe- dicels long, and slender. Calyx of five, ovate, dull red- dish leaflets; many times smaller than the corol. Petals oblong; differing in size only, ofia lovely pink or rose colour, Stamina all fertile, the three lower filaments much longer, and having each an oval swelling near the middle and a double curve below it. Anthers on the three long filaments ovate; onthe other seven incumbent, with pores'at the small end. Germ long-pedicelled, su~ bulate, one-celled, containing numerous seeds. chet Q4q Z 338 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cassia, to the upper suture, Loment cylindric, from eighteen to twenty-four inches long and about three quarters of an inch in diameter, covered with very dark brown, rather smooth, torose bark, &c. as in cassia fistula, which it re- sembles so exactly that the soft sweet pulp of fistula is the only distinguishing mark. In this species the cells between the seventy or eighty partitions are filled with a spongy substance in which is a roomy cell for each seed, Seed solitary, obovate, a little compressed, the size _ of a pea, smooth, ofa shining brown colour. Integument simple, when fresh rather soft and tough. Perisperm of a tough, soft, horny texture, and brownish colour. Embryo straight, yellowish. Cotyledons two, oval, cot- date, three-nerved- | Plumula two-lobed, one large, and pinnatifid, the other a minute point. Radicle oval, me immediately within the umbilicus. 358 5. C. marginaia. R. Leaflets fifteen pair, oblong, margined. Bate: semisa- gittate. Racemes axillary. A native of Ceylon introduced into Di Botanic gar- den at Calcutta by General Macdowall in 1802, where it blossoms during the rains, and ripensits seed in March and April. The tree is at all times uncommonly bang ful and particularly so when in flower. Trunk tolerably straight, in trees six years old ahonk: two feet in circumference, and covered with deeply crack- ed, dull, light brown-coloured bark. Branches spreading much, secondary branches, and branchlets bifarious a0‘ horizontal, Bark of the larger branches greenish, ash-€ lour, spotted with brownish spongy excrescences ; shoots fiexuose, furrowed and villous. Leaves alternate bifarious, drooping a little, pinnate, from six to ten inches long. Leaflets from ten to twenty pairs, linear-oblong, often emarginate, a little villous underneath, having ‘the at margins oni smelt, thickened, about one inch : Senna, DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 339 long and halfaninch broad. Petioles channelled, villous, with glands upon them. Stipules semisagittate, both barbs and the apex cuspidate and curved. Racemes axillary, so- litary, much shorter than the leaves. Bractes tern, lanceo- late, the inner two on the base of the pedicel, and much smaller. Flowers of a middling size, pink colour, marked with greenish nerves and veins, Petals nearly equal, three on the upper side and two on the under. Stamina all se- mifertile ; the three lower ones much the longest and with a double curve below the middle, but no swelling as in C. nodosa, and some of the other species, the anthers on the three long filaments, are ovate and erect, all the | others are incumbent, with pores at the small end. Lo- ment cylindric, from eight to twelve inches long, and as thick as a man’s little finger, covered with a dark brown, torosé, somewhat ligneous bark; divided by transverse partitions, into thirty or forty cells, in which is lodged,a ) soft, white, spongy substance which involves the s Seeds solitary, obovate, size of a small pea. Integuments single, smooth, light brown. Perisperm conform to the seed, soft, and tough, divided to the base into two lobes by the large cotyledons. Embryo straight, green, Cotyle- dons oval-cordate, three-nerved, transversely curved like — the letter S. Plumula of two very unequal lobes, the largest pinnatifid; the smallest a mere point. — sect roundish; ee within the umbilionsy! td SENNA. Gert. Catys five-leaved. Corol irregular, five-petalled. Fer- file anthers beaked, opening by'two pores at top. | Bathe two pair, oval. Stipules and bractes iiform, i 340 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIAy Senna, A minute, erect, flexuose, hairy plant, with small yel- low flowers; in small subterminal racemes. . A native of Bengal ; it flowers about the close of the rains. 2. S. absus. R. af Biennial, clammy. Leaflets two pair, eure Flow- ers pentandrous. Stamens five, equal. Legumes straight, hairy, six-seeded. ; ‘vif Cassia absus. Willd. 2.514. ~ A small bi- or triennial, ramous species, every ee which, the leaves excepted, is covered with aati: hairs. Leaves alternate, bifarious, twice-pedands sitassialle quely-oval,obtuse, somewhat hairy on the under side; about aninch long. Petiolesthe length of the leaflets. _ Glands an awled one between each pair of leaflets. Stipules acute. _Racemes either opposite to the insertion of the leaves or nearly so, or terminal, few flowered. Flowers yellow, small. Pedicels bracted at the middle. Calyx glandular. Stamens five, equal, no rudiments of more ;_ the anthers opening by a slit on each side of the pointed apex and not by round lobes in the apex. Legumes hairy, six-seeded- Seeds black. : Deeb 3. S. Tora. R. br Annual. Branches spreading. Leaflets pe He obovate-cuneate, a subulate gland between each of the lower two pairs. Stipules subulate. Flowers in axillary pairs. Legumes long, recurved, subcylindric. eae merous, sO Cassia tora. Willd, 2. 515. Sans. ort ie Teling. Tantim. : 4 A little more robust than the last, and a native oft the same country. le entennentien pontae Senna. DECANDRIA, MONOGYNIA. 341 4. S. toroides. R. - Annual. Leaflets three pair, cuneate, obovate, a ope late gland. between the lower pair only, — Flowers in axil- lary pairs on a short common peduncle. Stipules subu- late. Legume linear, four-sided. The seeds of this plant were sent from Mysore to the Botanic garden at Calcutta by Dr. Buchanan in 1800, and about the close of 1801 the plants blossomed. Stem annual, erect, somewhat woody. branches ; spread- ing, height of the whdle plant about six feet. Leaves pinnate, spreading or drooping. Leaflets three pair, oc- cupying the exterior half of the petiole, obovate-cuneate, sessile, entire, villous ; the lower pair smaller ; all some- what acuminate, with a small soft bristle, from one to two inches long. Glands, a single, yellow, subulate one between the lower pair of leaflets only. Stipules subulate, villous. _ Flowers axillary, in pairs, large, yel- low, on long pedicles, inserted on a short common pedun- cle, with some small bractes about the insertion, one of the two uniformly proves abortive. Petals, the upper one obcordate, the rest oval. Filaments, the three upper ones minute, and abortive ; the lower seven nearly equal and fertile. Legume long, straight, four-sided, with a dou- ble groove, or three keels on each margin, from six to nine inches long. Seeds numerous, from twenty to thir- ty, trapeziform, smooth, pale brown, __. De _This plant is allied toC. Tora. The best ‘specific dif. ference is one gland only, and that between the lower Pair of leaflets, in Tora there are always two, that i is pee between each of the two lower pairs. But in appear- ance and smell the difference is very great, This grows nearly erect, to the height of six or more feet, and has_ little or no smell whereas in the same soil, and with the Same treatment. Tora is diffuse, rarely more than one oF two feet high, the flowers and legumes are much oe ‘and the smell very different, 342 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Senna, 5. S. aurata. R. Shrubby. Leaflets three pair, ovate-oblong, sled smooth, having a conic gland between each pair. Stipules and bractes ensiform. Racemes corymbose. Legumes cy- lindric, obtuse, pendulous. A stout, lucid, very handsome shrub, with many large, bright gold coloured flowers ; a native of the countries and islands to the eastward of the Bay of Bengal. In the Botanic garden at Calcutta it blossoms freely wig the rains and the seed ripens in the cool season. 6. S. bicapsularis. R. Shrubby, with long, weak, slender, smooth, distivairidut branches. Leaflets four-pair, obovate ; a globular yellow gland between the lower pair. Stipules subulate. Ra- cemes axillary, as long as the leaves. Two of the anthers much larger. Legume torulose, many-seeded. Cassia bicapsularis. Willd. 2. 516. Probably not a native of India ; how it came into tho! Botanic garden at Calcutta is uncertain, but there it is” now common, and blossoms about the close of the nae in September and October. . 7. S. purpurea, R. a FOR Ae Annual, erect, smooth, Leaflets from four to: six pait, lanceolar, on hemispheric glands at the base of the petiole, the lower one and three superior stamens sterile. 2 Legumes turgid, many-seeded. waite Beng. Kala-Kalkashinda. Teling. Conda kashinda. ; A large, erect, ramous, annual species, a native of the: eae mountainous parts of the Coast. Ihave raised it from seeds in my garden, and from these plants this descrip- — tion is taken. Flowering time the cold season, “ a : plant is about three feet high, = 0 Siem erect, as thick as the little sive: anhiag snooty Senna. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. $343 somewhat woody, purple coloured. Branches numer- ous, ascending, a little flexuose, very smooth ; of a deep, clear, reddish purple colour. Leaves remote, from four to six-paired. Leaflets oblong, lanceolar, smooth, entire, ending in a_ soft bristle, the interior one generally the largest ; in breadth nearly equal, from one to one and a half inches long, and about half an inch broad. Petioles smooth, purple, channelled. Glands a semiglobular one neatthe base of the petiole, Racemes axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves, few-flowered. Flowers pretty large, bright yellow. Bractes broad lanceolate, falling. Stamens as in the genus, except that, as in C. sophora and esculenta, the inferior one is small, and sterile. Stig- ma incurved, perforated. Paes sub-cylindric. Seeds very numerous. 8. S. occidentalis. R. Annual, erect, ramous, Leaflets four or five pairs, ovate lanceolate, acuminate, having a dark brown, polished, _ hemispheric gland on the tumid base of the petiole. Le- _ gume linear, subcylindric. Cassia occidentalis. Willd. 2. 518. A native of Bengal. Flowering time the rainy season. The smell of every partheavy and offensive in the extreme. Stem erect, smooth, rather polished, somewhat ligne- ous, though generally annual. Branches many, ast B ing, flexuose, smooth, coloured with a mixture of dark purple and green ; height of the whole plant from three to six feet. Leaves alternate, pinnate, from four to eight inches long. Leaflets four or five pair, the lowermost ovate, and smallest, the superior ones ovate-oblong and much larger, all smooth, entire, and acuminate, fromi one — to three inches long, and from one to one and a half broad. Petioles nearly round, and smooth; on the green . tumid base is a polished, dark brown, hemisphee Bo gland. ‘Stipules semi-ovate, aes curled, cadu 344 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. — Senna. cous. Flowers terminal and axillary, when terminal they form an uninterrupted raceme ; when axillary they are three, four, or five, on a very ‘dines common pedunele. Pedicels much longer than the peduncle. Calyx, scarcely” half the length of the corol.. Corol, the lower two petals, rather smaller than the other three, and closer together. Filaments, the lower one small and abortive, the next pair largest, the next two pairs smaller, and with the large pair, fertile, the upper one small, and barren. Legume nearly straight, when full grown about as thick as a ag tan and nearly cylindric. Seeds numerous. 9. S. obtusa, R- 3 Diffuse. Leaflets five-pair, obovate obtuse. Petioles without glands, Stipules cordate-lanceolate. Racemes axillary. Legume lunate. "fee Cassia senna. Burm. H. Ind, t. 35. f. 2. A native of the high, dry, uncultivated lands of My- sore, where the leaves are used as a substitute for semm = The seeds were sent by Dr. Buchanan from Seringapa- tam to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where the or thrives well, flowering and ripening its seed most part of the year. — # Root perennial. _ Stems scarcely any, but many strage gling branches resting on the ground, . Leaves. nearly bi- farious, five or six inches long. Leaflets from four to Si& pairs, linear-oblong, with the exterior pair more cuneat®, all obtuse, and somewhat villous, about one ait? Petioles slightly channelled without any appearance of glands. Stipules tapering, from an ovate-cordate base. Racemes axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves, beat- ; : ing a few small, yellow, short-pedicelled flowers. Bractes ovate-cordate, acuminate, concave, one-flowered. Caly* about a third shorter than the corol. Filaments, the t° uppermost small and sterile. Legume broad, shin canes pres croonsils in one potpesins smooth 5 Senna. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 345 two inches long and three quarters of an inch broad. Seeds from six to eight, wedge-shaped, rugose, &c. as in Cassia senna. 10. S. arborescens. R. Arboreous. Leaflets five or six pairs, oblong, with a pedicelled gland between each of the lower two or three pairs, Stipules falcate. Racemes axillary. Legumes linear, thin, pendulous, many-seeded. Cassia arborescens. Willd. 2. 520. C. glauca, Lamarck’s Encycl. 1. 647, - Wellia tagera. Rheed. Mal. 6. t.9. and 10, Itis a native of various parts of India, and in blossom in the Botanic garden at Calcutta most part of the year, Trunk rarely straight and in length and size very vari- ous. Branches numerous, spreading in every direction. Bark of the trank, and larger branches of a brownish ash colour, and tolerably smooth; that of the youngshoots smooth and green. Leaves scattered, pinnate, from six to teninches long. Leaflets from four to six pair, elliptic ; the _ inferior pairs smallest, and broader in proportion to their length ; smooth on both sides, and of a pale green colour, the superior pair about three inches long, and about one and a quarter broad, Petioles round, smooth, havi ng a pedi- celled, brown, round gland between each of the lowertwo or three pairs of leaflets. Stipules falcate, incurved. Ra- cemes axillary, solitary, about half the length of the leaves erect, bearing near the apex, many, large, pale yellow, long-pedicelled flowers. Bractes solitary, one-flowered, elliptic, revolute, caducous. Calyx, leaflets very unequal, pale yellow, smooth. Petals nearly equal, expanding. Anthers all fertile, and nearly equal, though the inferior two have much longer filaments than the other eight. Legumes linear, thin, contracted between the seeds, Smooth, pendulous, from six to eight inches lon and oe about three quarters of an inch broad, Rr 346 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.- Senna. — va - 11. 8S. officinalis. Gert. Biennial, ramous. Leaflets six-paired, lanceolar, no glands. Stipules acute, expanding. Racemes axillary. Te | gumes oblong, incurved, thin. Cassia Senna. Willd. 2. 520. Arab. Suna, or Sena. A native of the interior of India, as well of Arabia, Kc. 12. S. esculenta. R. Annual, erect. Leaflets seven or eight pair, lanced- late, acute, Racemes terminal, panicled. Legumes lines, turgid, many-seeded. , Teling. Nutee-kashinda-kura. A large, erect, annual, much like cassia sophora, but not so very offensive in its smell. It grows about hedges, rubbish, &c. with that plant, but is not so com- mon. Flowers during the cold season, Stem erect, flexuose, a little furrowed, commonly from two to three feet high. Branches few, nearly erect, axilla- ry, in form like the stem. Leaves alternate, abruptly- pinnate, six or seven inches long. Leaflets from six t0 nine pair, lanceolate, acute, entire, smooth, soft, when young a little downy ; two or two and a half inches long, and three-fourths of an inch broad, Petioles chan- nelled, ending in a brown bristly point. Glands a club- bed one near the base of the petiole. Stipules small, ca- ducous. Racemes terminal, and from the exterior axils, the terminal one a large, compound pannicle, the axil- lary ones smaller and simple. Flowers middle-sized, yellow. Stamens, the lower one small and sterile, the next two large ; the next four middle-sized ; ‘the upper tees small and sterile, The smell of this plant is bear and disagreeable. — Its, leaves are eaten in curries by the natives. — Senna. ' DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 347 13. S. sophora. R. Annual, erect. Leaves from eight to ten-paired, lance- - olar, smooth ; the lower much smaller, a clavate gland at the base of the petiole. Upper petal retuse. The lower and three upper stamina sterile. Legume linear, turgid, many-seeded. Cassia sophora. Willd. 2. 525. Beng. Kul-kashinda, and the dark purple variety, which is as common as the Mite they call Kala-kul ka- . shinda. Ponnam-tagera. Hort. Mal. 2. t. 52. Gallinaria acutifolia. Rumph. Amb. 5, t. 97. f. 1. A native of Bengal, &c. Flowering in the rainy and cold season. 14. S. speciosa. R. Arborescent. Leaflets from eight to nine-paired, oblong, obtuse, having a smooth pedicelled gland between the lower two, or three pairs. Racemes axillary, long-pedun- Cled. Legumes leafy, linear. ‘This species I have only found in gardens; there it is “a most shewy plant, aud in flower most part of the year. Trunk erect, Branches many, ascending. Leaves nu- merous, about six inches long. Leaflets from eight to nine pair, oblong, obtuse, smooth, the interior pairs larg- est ; a pedicelled gland ‘bebween each of the lower two or three pairs. Stipules ensiform, inflexed. Racemes axil- lary, solitary, long-peduncled, Flowers numerous, large, yellow. Bractes solitary, one-flowered, lanceolar oblong. Stamens, all the ten fertile. Legumes thin, leafy, about six inches long, and less than one broad. 15. S. Sumatrana., R. i Arboreous. Leaflets from six to ten pairs, oblong, emar- ginate, smooth, glands none. Stipules minute, subulate. Panicles terminal. Legumes linear, Es, pa | : Rr2. 348 ‘DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Senna. The seeds of this quickly growing, beautiful, stately, useful species were. sent to me from Bencoolen by Dr, — C. Campbell in the beginning of 1800, and in two years the young trees reared from them, were not less than from ten to twenty feet high, and stout in proportion. In August, 1801, they blossomed for the first time and ripen- ed their ssed in April, 1802. Now, 1809, they have grown to a very great size for their age, with a trunk thirty-six inches in circumference and four feet above ground. Trunk straight and covered with smooth, olive-colour- ed bark. Branches few, spreading. Leaves numerous, — alternate, pinnate, from six inches to a foot long. Leaf- lets from four to fourteen pair, opposite, short-petioletted, oblong, entire, smooth, polished, of a deep, shining green, the exterior pairs largest ; are entire, more or less emat- ginate, with a small bristle at the apex ; from two to three inches long and from half an inch to an inch broad, Petioles smooth and channelled, no glands. Stipules minute, subulate, caducous. Panicles terminal, very large, erect, ovate, composed of many alternate, corym- biform racemes. Flowers numerous, large, bright yellow. Bractes lanceolate, concave, one-flowered. Calyx of five, unequal, pale yellow, roundish, concave reflexed leaflets, about one-third the length of the corol, Corol the superior petal small, longer-clawed, and -obcordate ; the other four nearly equal, and almost round. Filaments se ven fertile ones, but asin the genus, differing much in size; the three uppermost barren, and small. Legumes linear, thin, swelled a little at the seed, smooth, both margils — rounded, of a dark brown, from six to eight inches long. Seeds many, thin, oval, of a dark shining brown colour. — Dr. Campbell says that it is one of their most usefal trees in Sumatra, is of rapid growth, and the wood not inferior to Ebony when old. . I may “add that in Bengal its growth is also. uncommonly rapid and the tree one of - the most beautiful the ean: can boast of. : Senna. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 349 16. S. auriculata. R. Shrubby. Leaflets ten-paired, oblong. Stipules ear- shaped. Racemes terminal, corymbiform. Legumes mem- branous, from ten to twelve seeded. Cassia auriculata, Willd. 2. 526. Teling. 'Tangheroo. It is one of the most common shrubs on the coast of Coromandel, looks well, and is in flower during the whole. of the year. Stems trifling, crooked. Branches spreading i in all direc- tions ; bark dark-coloured, and pretty smooth ; the whole plant is in general from four to eight feet high. Leaves scattered, from eight to twelve-paired. Leaflets oblong,. entire, mucronate, a little downy. Glands a subulate one between each pair of leaflets. Stipules kidney-form, behind is along spur on the side next the petiole. Ra- cemes terminal, and from the exterior axils, sometimes compound, corymbiform. Bractes three-fold at the in-— Sertion of the pedicels, Flowers large, numerous, bright yellow. Calyx, the two exterior leaflets small. Stamens asin the genus, Legume linear, membranaceous, waved, from ten to twelye-seeded. ; With the bark the natives commonly tan and dye their leather of a buff colour, It is a pretty strong, eee as- tringent. The caterpillar ofa large species of silk worm feeds on penton of this plant, yee: Aaa yy, S. alata. R. Shrubby. Leaflets from ten to twelve pair, linear-ob-. long ; no glands. Racemes terminal. Bractes coloured, caducous. Legumes enlarged on each side with a broad | Crenulated wing. Seeds numerous. __ ; Cassia alata. Willd. 2. 523. Herpetica, Sic obs 2. . 24. t. 45. f.2. a Herpetica, Rumph, Amb, 7, t. 18. bik 350 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Senna. Sans. Dadrooghna. Hind. and Beng. Dad-murdun. Tam. Wandu Rolli. Teling. Mitta tamara. The English, and I believe all other Europeans on this coast, callitalso Mitta tamara. Itisa large shrub found in our gardens ; where it is indigenous | cannot say. In a cultivated state it flowers during the latter part of the wet season, and beginning of the cold. The seeds ripen during the latter part of srk cold season. Stem erect, often as thick asa man’s leg, marked re cicatrices of the fallen leaves, and the permanent stipules which appear like prickles. Leaves scattered, abruptly pinnate, two feet long. Leaflcts opposite, from eight to - fourteen pair, the exterior largest, linear-oblong, obtuse, or emarginate, with a point, smooth, entire, veined ; 5 from three to six inches long, and from two to two and@ half broad ; the lower pair more distant from the next pair than the others above, nearly round and reflexed _ back on the stem or branches. Petioles channelled ; the channel large and formed by two thin, firm yellow bor- ders ; there is a cross-bar between each pair of leaflets, CO- vered with small dark-coloured bristies and no other gland, each of them terminates in a cordate point. St pules ear-shaped, rigid, pointed, lasting. Racemes ter minal and from the exterior axils, long, sometimes two- forked, nearly erect. Flowers numerous, simple, large, ; yellow. Bractes large, one-flowered, oval, concave, yel- low, caducous. Calyx coloured like the corol. Legume horizontal, from five tu six inches long, enlarged with @ broad crenulated wing on each side which runs oe whole length. Seeds numerous. — The Telinga and Tamul Phystohaiia say it cures” yan! poisonous bites and other venereal outbreakings, and al- so strengthens the body. | The fresh leaves-are very OF * Senna. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 351 ten employed to cure ring-worms, ‘They are well rubbed into the parts affected, once or twice a day, and generally with great success. ; Seeds from the West Indies received into the Bo- tanic garden at Calcutta, under the name Cassia herpeti- ca produced this very plant. 18. S. glauca. R. Arboreous. Leaflets as far as sixteen pair, linear, ob- tuse, smooth, no glands. Stipules minute. Panicles ter- minal, composed of distinct corymbs. Legume linear, from eight to ten-seeded, having a conical gland on the upper edge of its pedicel which is particularly conspicu- ous in the germ. A pretty large tree, a native of the Carnatic, from hence Dr. Berry sent seeds to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where it blossoms in November and December, with Senna Sumatrana which it much resembles, but differs in the number, and shape of the leaves, the shape of the pe- tals, and the pale glaucus colour of the whole foliage, the seed ripens in March. Trunk of young three-years-old trees in the Botanic garden erect, thick as a man’s leg, with smooth brownish bark. Branches spreading ; young shoots smooth and Coloured, whole height of the trees about fifteen feet, Leaves alternate, pinnate, from six to twelve inches long. Leaflets from eight to sixteen pair, linear-oblong, smooth, obtuse, with a slender bristle at the apex, from one to two inches long, and about half an inch broad. Petioles channelled, and destitute of glands. Stipules minute, ca- ducous, Panicles terminal, composed of simple, expand- ing corymbs, A single, simple, similar corymb is generally found in * the axil of each of the exterior leaves. Flowers pretty large, yellow. Petals the lower pair oi and more bean: Mote from each other. Stamens simple, sever me ee 352 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Senna, ly equal and fertile, the superior three small and sterile. Legume linear, very thin; smooth, somewhat pedicelled, with a gland, or conical process on the upper edge of the pedicel. This is particularly conspicuous in the germ, and is a good specific mark and immediately distinguish- es it from S. Sumatrana which has no such gland and is the only species known to me, forwhich it can be mistaken. Seeds generally about fifteen, separated by very firm dis- tinct partitions, and attached by convolute slender cords to the upper margin. 19. S. prostrata. R. Perennial, prostrate. Leaflets minute, twenty-paired, daggered. Peduncles from two to three-flowered. Sta- mens five ; all fertile. Legumes straight, six-seeded. Teling. Nalla Jeelooga. A native of pasture ground. Flowers during the wet and cold seasons. 32 ome Root woody, perennial. Stems perennial, numerous, spreading every way and pressing close upon the ground, round, a little hairy, about a foot long. Leaves pinnate, al- ternate, bifarious. Leaflets from twelve to twenty-six pait, ‘minute, linear, acute, the lower margin ciliate. a long pedicelled, peltate one between the lower pair of leaflets. Stipules semilanced, very acute. Flowers above the axils, peduncled, small, yellow, from one to three. Calyx. Leaflets equal, daggered. Stamens five, nearly equal ; no sterile filaments. Legumes linear ; partitions obliquely-transverse, as is Galega, smooth. Seeds from six to seven, shining, dark brown. _ Cattle eat it. » 20.8. dimidiata, Buch.. i aS : _ Annual, slender, erect. Leaflets thirty pair, with aflat gland between the lowermost. Peduncles above the axil8 from two to four-flowered- Stamens four, or five, all fer Senna. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA,. 353 tile, but two coloured. Legume straight, from ten to fif- teen seeded, A native of Nepal, from thence seeds were sent by Dr. Buchanan, to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where the plants thrive luxuriantly, and are in blossom and seed most part of the year. It is a beautiful, delicate species. Root sometimes biennial. Stems and branches straight ; the lower parts round, and smooth, the superior and more tender parts clothed with a few curved hairs ; the gene- ral height of the plants in the Botanic garden is about three feet. Leaves alternate, bifarious, pinnate, from two to three inches long. Leaflets numerous, semilanceolate, smooth. Glands a pretty large one between, or rather under the lower pair of leaflets. Stipulets fine taper-point- ed. Peduncles solitary, rather above the axils, very short, each producing in succession, three or four long- pedicelled, small, yellow flowers. Stamina four or five, all fertile, two of the anthers are always coloured. Stigma large, with a sharp ciliate margin. Legumes straight, smooth, containing from six to twelve, or even fifteen seeds. QL. S. sensitiva. R. Perennial, procumbent. Leaflets minute, from forty to fifty pairs. Peduncles from one to two flowered, Stamens _ ten, all fertile. Legumes straight, many-seeded. A small, elegant, procumbent plant, growing on pas- ture ground. It flowers during the wet season. Root perennial. Stems or branches many, procumbent, alternate, bifarious, a little hairy, with the extremities ascending, from twelve to eighteen inches long. Leaves pinnate, alternate, bifarious, from one to two inches long, Leaflets from thirty to sixty pairs, minute, obliquely- oblong, pointed. Glands, a round, peltate, sessile one be- tween the lowest pair of leaflets. Petioles upper side ridg- “bey notched, with a minute bristle in each of 1e Di : Ss nes 354 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Senna. Stipules at the base cordate, tapering to an acute point. Peduncles above the axils, one or two, one-third the length of the leaves, one-flowered. Bractes one or more embracing the base of the peduncle, and two opposite near the apex. Flowers yellow, the stamens being much shorter than the pistil, bow till the germ is impregnated. Stamens ten, nearly equal. Legume erect, linear, flat, from fifteen to twenty-seeded. _ Note. Itis at first sight very much like S. prostrata but on examination they prove very different. The leaves are considerably more sensitive than any other of this genus, that I know. 22. S. tenella. R. abe Biennial, erect, ramous. Leaflets from fifty to sixty pair, minute, linear-lanceolate mucronate, a flat gland between the lower pair. Petioles sharp-edged and crenu- late on the upper side. Flowers one or two, rarely three, above the axils. Anthers ten, all fertile. ae from ten to twelve-seeded. It isa native of the interior parts of Bengal, and from a thence was introduced into the Botanic garden at Cal- cutta, by Dr. W. Carey in 1799, where it blossoms during the rains, and the seeds ripen during the cold season. Root about biennial in the Botanic garden at Calcutta. Stem erect, slender, with many expanding, slender, bifa- ) rious, somewhat hairy branches, height of the whole plant, ina good soil from two to three feet. Leaves alternate, bifarious, pinnate, from two to three inches long. Leaflets from forty to sixty pairs, very small, lanceolate, mucro- nate, and smooth. Petioles villous, with the upper-edge sharp and crenulate, and a large flat cland at the lower pair of leaflets. Stipules semilanceolate, acute. Peduncle, common, a little above the axils, short, each bearing 2 — succession two or three, pretty large, bright yellow flow- ets on long pedicels. | Bractes one at the base of each _ Poinciana. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 355 pedicel and two below the flowers near the apex of the pedicels. Calyx ; leaflets lanceolate, rather shorter than the petals. Petals orbicular, the two lower ones smaller than the others. Anthers ten, all fertile, alternately larger. Legumes linear-cuneate, much compressed, suberect, smooth, from one to two inches long, containing from six to twelve or even more seeds. POINCIANA. Schreb. gen. n. 701. Calyx five-leaved. Petals five, unequal, the highest longer clawed, more beautifully coloured, and fringed. Stamina long, ascending, naked, all fertile. 1. P. pulcherrima. Linn. Shrubby, armed. Leaves bipinnate. Leaflets oblong, emarginate. Racemes terminal, corymbifo orm. Claw of the upper petal tubular. Stamina much longer than the petals, Cesalpinia pulcherrima. Ed, sp. Willd. Q, 531. Tsetti-mandarum, Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 1. Sans, Krishna choora. Beng. Krishna-choora. Tam, Komri. ~Common in gardens all over India, and in flower and . 8eed the whole year. Plants reared from seed fromthe West Indies do not in any respect differ from those of Thdia. nr 8 The trunk of this little tree or cas shrub, when old, Ihave found constantly hollow, and occupied by a large ted dark brown ant, From these, when disturbed, they issue forth in numbers, and by their bite inflict a severe and painful punishment on their disturbers. oghape elata.. Lin. Spec, 544. ; 3 _ Arboreous, unarmed. Leaves bipinnate. Leafle Ss2 ? 356 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA., Caesalpinia, Cesalpinia elata. Willd. 2. p. 532, A native of Coromandel, where it blossoms — the dry season. : Trunk erect, though rarely straight, often as thick asa man’s body. Bark pretty smooth, ash-coloured. Branches numerous, spreading much, the general height of full grown trees from twenty to thirty feet. Leaves alternate, bipinnate, about six inches long. Pinne from six to seven pair, opposite. Leaflets from ten to twenty pait, sessile, opposite, linear, smooth; about four lines long, and one in breadth. Petioles common, grooved on the upper side, smooth, and without glands, Stipules mi- nute, subulate. Racemes terminal, corymbiform, simple, few-flowered. Flowers large, very gaudy, inodorous, yellow. Bractes small, one-flowered, caducous. Calyx divided to its fleshy base, into five, equal, lanceolate segments, which are villous on the inside. Petals five, inserted on the fleshy base of the calyx, of which the up- per one is smaller, and deeper coloured, all nearly round, and much curled round the edge. Filaments ten, equal, ascending, afterwards recurved, twice the length of the petals, thick and villous at the base, inserted 0B the calyx, within the petals. Anthers incumbent. Germ sessile, linear, villous, one-celled, with from fifteen te twenty ovula attached to the upper suture. Style as long as the filaments, for some time after the flower expands modestly recurved from the filaments, which have thed a different direction, afterwards ascending, when the fila ments become declinate, Stigma small, turbinate, ge _ CAESALPINIA. Schreb. gen. n. 703. Calyx, base permanent ; border five-parted, and deci- dnous. Corol irregular, five-petalled, the upper on smaller, Filaments dat Anthers all the. ten See _, and open on their sides, _ i mt ipa gS Caesalpinia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, ma sf 1. C. Sappan. Willd. 2. 533, R.Corom, pl. 1. p.17: t.16, Arboreous, armed. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne from ten to twelve pair; leaflets from ten to twelve pair, some- what dolabriform, Panicles terminal. Legumes pata sub-trapeziform, from three to four-seeded. Lignum sappan. Rumph,. Amb. 4. t. 21. Sans. Patanga. Teling, Beng. and Hind. Bukkum. This is also said to be the Arabic and Persian name. Tjsam-pangam:. Hort. Mal. 6. ¢. 2. Found in most parts of India, and its islands, It flow- ers in the hot season. 2. C. Bonduccella. R. Fleming in Asiat. Res. 11. 159. Scandent, armed. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne seven pair ; leaflets eight pairs, ovate-oblong. Stipules large, and pinnatifid. Bractes lanceolate, reflected. Racemes sim- ple, above the axils. Legumes armed, tWo-seeded. . -Puticaraja. Asiat. Res. 2. p. 351 ; also 4, p. 276. and IL. 159. Guilandina bonduccella, Linn. Lamarck, &c. Globuli majores. Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 49. f. 1. Caretti. Rheed. Mal. 2. t, 22. Beng. Nata. Hind. Katkarunja, Katkulija. _ The plants reared from seed from the West Indies, Proved to be exactly the same. The seed is a powerful tonic. gp Balt 3. C. oleosperma. R. Scandent, prickly. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne and leaf. lets eight paired. Stipules subulate. Legumes unarmed, from two to three-seeded, and swelled at the anes » Beng. Umul-koochi. PPO -Teling- Noonee glika. Nosiolin means oil, oily +H This seems to me to be an undescribed ecie: ? 358 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Caesalpinia, much the habit of Bonduccella. 1t flowers during the wet season. The seeds ripen in March and April- fas Stem and branches climbing, woody, armed with many : small, sharp, recurved prickles. Leaves alternate, abrupt- ly-bipinnate, oblong, from eight to nine inches long, and about four broad. Pinne opposite, seven, eight, or nine pairs. Leaflets opposite, from six to ten pair, linear-ob- long, smooth, entire, about one-third of an inch long, and one-fifth broad. Petioles common, are frequently armed with some, small, scattered prickles, and there is generally a pair below each pair of pinnz. Stipules subulate. Racemes rather above the axils, simple, some- what shorter than the leaves. Pedicels diverging, about an inch and a half long. Flowers many, pretty large, yel- low. Petals orbicular, the lower end smallest, and striated with red. Filaments woolly, alternately shorter. Legume smooth, oblong, obliquely-jointed, very protuberant at the seeds; about two and a half inches Jong, and one broad. Seeds two or three, oval, smooth, shining, hard, about the size of a large pea. From the seeds, an oil is expressed, in some part of the country, whichis used to burn in lamps. 4. C. cucullata. R. Scandent, armed. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne from four to six pair ; leaflets from four to five pair, ovate, polished. Panicles terminal, and axillary, thin. Upper petal two — lobed and vaulted. Legume thin, smooth, membrane — margined on the back, one or two-seeded. A native of the Delta of the Ganges where it was found by Dr. William Carey, and by him introduced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta where it blossoms in Febru ary and March. Trunk ligneous, stout, scandent, which together with the scandent branches are armed with numerous, stto0S, very sharp, dark-coloured, recurved prickles, which by a _Caesalpinia, DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 359 age acquire alarge conic base. Bark smooth, and polish- ed in the young shoots. Leaves bipinnate, from one to two feet long. Pinne opposite, from three or four to six or seven pair. Leaflets generally four or five pair, opposite, ovate, entire, taper-pointed, firm, and polished on both sides, from one to three inches long. Petioles common and partial, round, smooth, and armed with recurved prickles. Stipules minute, falling long before the leaves are full grown. Panicles axillary, and terminal, composed of a few simple, ascending, rigid racemes. Bractes small caducous. Flowers numerous, solitary, drooping, green- ish yellow. Calyx as in the genus, yellow, and smooth, size. of the corol. Color greenish, the upper petals two-lobed, the lobes large, and at all periods folded down like an arch, over the base, and the insertion of the stamina and pistil ; lateral pairs nearly round, at first greenish, becoming — yellow by exposure to the air and light, Filaments scarce- _ ly downy at the base, much longer than the corol. Germ short-pedicelled. Stigma obliquely funnel-shaped, Legume linear-oblong, thin, pointed and often twisted hear the apex, smooth and unarmed, a thin membranace- 0s, scariose wing runs along the whole length of the back, Seeds one or two, smooth, light brown. 5. C. Simora. Buch. _*Scandent, armed, the tender parts coloured and glan- ’ dular. Leaves bipinnate; pinne from twelve to twenty- four pair; ; leaflets from eight to sixteen pair. Stipules €nsiform. Racemes simple, leaf-opposed and terminal. Legume dolabriform, turgid, two-seeded, A native of Mysore, from thence Dr. Buchanan sent Seeds to the Botanic garden at Calcutta where the plants | s'ow luxuriantly, and blossom during the cold season; the _ Seeds ripen four or five months afterwards, Stem and lar- ser branches stout, and ligneous, climbing over trees t a considerable extent, Bark brown, and armed se it 360 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. — Caesalpinia, sharp, straight prickles; young shoots of a bright reddish — w colour, armed, glandular, and somewhat hairy. Leaves alternate, bipinnate, from one to three feet long. Pinne from twelve to thirty pairs, opposite, about two inches long. Leaflets from eight to sixteen pair, opposite, linear-ob- long, smooth, entire ; nearly half an inch long. Petioles common, nearly round, armed, and chiefly with three larger prickles at or near the insertion of the partial pe- tioles, two of them below, and recurved ; one above, and incurved. Partial petioles also armed. Stipules ensi- form. Racemes nearly opposite to the leaves, and some- times terminal, single, and simple, very long. Peduneles armed near the base; the rest and the diverging long pe- dicels dotted with many, clammy dark-coloured glands, interspersed with a few hairs. Bractes solitary, one flowered, at the base ovate-cordate with subulate apices, _caducous. Flowers solitary, pretty large, colour a bright yellow. Legumes turgid, of an irregular kidney-shape; acuminate, somewhat hairy ; more than an inch and a half long, and about one inch broad near the ape* Seeds two, oblong, smooth, of a shining dark brow® Embryo without perisperm. Coty/ledons two. directed to the umbilicus. 6. C. sepiaria. R. Scandent, prickly. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne eight pairs a leaflets ten pair, linear oblong. Stipules semisagittate Racemes axillary. Calyces coloured. Legume un daggered, six-seeded. The Mysore thorn, was introduced into Bengal agi _ that country by General Martin, where it is now as CO mon as it is in the Mysore country, and is used to fenves. Flowering time in Bengal the cold season. Trunk and branches stout, and ligneous, s or climbing to a considerable extent, if not checked all armed with strong, eed prickles, Leaves alter Caesalpinia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 361 nate, bipinnate, from ten to eighteen incheslong. Pinne opposite, generally from six to ten pair, from one to four inches long. Leaflets opposite, from eight to twelve pair, subsessile, linear-oblong, rounded at both ends, smooth on both sides, about three-fourths of an inch long and one quarter broad. Petioles common, armed in the same manner with minute prickles. Stipules caducous, of a broad, waved, sub-semi-sagittate form. Racemes axillary, solitary, nodding, from the weight of the great number of large, beautiful, yellow flowers. Peduncles armed, and having often a small leaf or‘two below the flowers. Brac- tes solitary, ovate-lanceolate, caducous, one-flowered. Calyx with the divisions reflexed, coloured like the co- rol, and about half the size thereof. Corol, the two pairs of lateral petals equal, nearly round; the upper one much smaller, with a longer claw, all ofa bright yel-_ low colour. Filaments woolly below the middle, about as long as the larger petals, and with them inserted on the permanent base of the calyx. Germ oblong, villous. Style as long as the stamens, Stigma simple, perforated. Legume linear-oblong smooth, with a long subulate point. Seeds from four to eight, obovate, oblong, smooth, dark coloured, variegated, the size of a large pea. - This, when in full blossom, is ornamental and well de- Serving a place in the gardens of all such as are fond of showy productions, It also makes an excellent fence, and as such was much employed by Hyder-Alli in the bound-hedges of his forts, and other strong holds. 7. C. chinensis. R. : Scandent, armed. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne and leaflets from two to four pairs, the latter oval and oblong, both ends obtuse lucid. Petioles and petiolets armed. __ Introduced from China, into the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where it has now been for these five or six < Years and has not yet blossomed. Tt 362 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Caesalpinia. 8. C. bonduc. R. : Scandent, armed. Leaves bipinnate. Pinna from four to eight pair ; leaflets from six to seven pair, oval, lucid, mucronate. Guilandina bonduc. Willd. 2. 534. From Sumatra this very large species has been intro- duced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta without hay- ‘ing blossomed, though i in perfect health, and of pare ex- tent. ' 9. C. resupinata. R. Arboreous, subscandent, ated: Leaves bipinnate ; pinne, and leaflets many-paired ; common petiole armed on the underside. Stipules minute, caducous. Racemes axillary. Flowers resupine. Legume two-seeded. ~ A native of the Moluccas, and reared in the Botanic garden at Calcutta from seed received from those islands — in 1798. It blossomed for the first time in the month of September, 1800, and ripened its seeds the March er lowing. | $ Trunk tolerably erect, though rathertoo weak to support itself at its present age, every part thickly armed with numerous, short, very sharp prickles. Branches numer- — ous, some scandent, some spreading or drooping ; height of the whole plant at present about twelve feet, Leaves alternate, bipinnate, from six to twelve inches long. Pit” nce about twelve pair, opposite, from one to two inches long. Leaflets opposite, from eight to twelve pair, oblique- — ly oval, entire, smooth on both sides; about one-third ofaninch long. Petioles common, round, villous, arMl- ed with recurved prickles between the pinnz on the under side, and a gland between each pair on the upper _ Stipules filiform, very small, caducous. Racemes axilla- ry, solitary, and generally simple, spreading, shorter than the leaves, Pedicels solitary, one-flowered, round, smooth, slender, about an inch long. Flowers met, 7 Mappers. . DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 363 numerous, bright yellow, and though not small, they are more so than any other Indian species of this genus I have yet met with. Bractes most minute, one-flowered. Calyx smooth, coloured on the inside ; lower division of the border much larger than the rest; the base only permanent. Corol the two lateral pair of petals nearly equal, roundish, expanding, short-clawed. The superior one smaller, ovate-cuneate, with a curled margin, and on the centre a tuft of wool, coloured with reddish veins. Legumes oblong, thick, fleshy on the margin, protuberant where the seeds are lodged. Seeds from one to three, round, smooth, brown, size of a marrow-fat pea. : 10. C. enneaphylla. R. Shrubby, scandent, armed, Leaves bipinnate. Pin- ne and leaflets from eight to ten-paired. Panicles termi- nal, Legume unarmed, winged on the back, five-seeded. A native of the eastern parts of Bengal, where it blos- - soms about the beginning of the cold season. Trunk and larger branches stout, ligneous, climbing up and over large trees, and whatever else they meet with, armed with humerous, curved, sharp, black prickles, each inserted over the old woody parts, on a large, transversely oblong, subsolid tuberosity.. Bark of the young shoots smooth, Shining, deep green, armed with numerous smooth, sharp prickles, ~ Leaves alternate, bipinnate, from nine to ten inches long. Pinne opposite, generally eight nine, or ten pairs. Leaflets from eight to ten pairs, cuneate-oblong, rounded at both ends, entire, smooth _ on both sides ; from half an inch to one inch long. Petioles common, armed underneath ; with many, recurved, sharp prickles ; a pair of which is always placed at the inser- tion of the pinne, and sometimes a single straight one On the upper side between them. Stipules scarcely any. Panicles terminal, composed of many large, RSCeR ing angie « of numerous, beautiful yellow fragrant ; Wers. Tt2 364 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Caesalpinia, Calyx of five, subequal coloured, reflected, caducous di- visions inserted on a permanent base. Corol pp ous; the upper three petals placed on the upper side re- sembling the banner, the lower pair resembling the wings, while the lower division of the perianth before it becomes quite reflected is not unlike the keel. Filaments ten, de- clined, woolly, alternately shorter. Anthers incumbent, brown. Pistil hid amongst the stamens. Legume unarmed, smooth ; broad-lanceolate, thin on the back, enlarged by a membranous wing which is united by an elevated suture, Seeds five or six, oval, smooth, flattened, 11. C. paniculata. R. Scandent, armed. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne and leaflets three or four-paired. Stipules minute. Panicles tet- minal, Legumes obliquely oval, smooth, cuspidate, one-— seeded. Kaku-mullu. Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 19. . Guilandina paniculata, Willd, 2. 535. Peace En- : cyl 1. p.4800 2 alu ‘A native of various parts of India. It blossoms dav ing the dry months of February and March. The seeds ripen in August and September. . Stem and branches liyneous, climbing up and over trees» — &c. Bark smooth and green until the plants are sev years old; every part armed with dreadfully sharp, strong, recurved chesnut coloured aculei which acquite an immense base like the point of the finger on the irunk © and large branches of old plants. Leaves bipinnate, — from six to twelve inches long. | Pinne three or four pair, remote. Leaflets three pair, ovate-lanceolate, ob- tuse, entire, of a firm texture, polished on both sides, _ from one to two inches long. Petioles common and pal- — tial, armed on the underside, smooth, round, generally coloured on the upperside. Stipules very minute’ ae soon falling off, Inflorescence, generally one re my Caesalpinia. |§DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 365 panicle, or compound rageme, and one or two simple, single racemes from the axils next the panicle. _ .Bractes ovate-lanceolate, but dropping long before the flowers ex- pand. Flowers numerous, pretty large, yellow and fra- grant, Legume obliquely oval, smooth, compressed, cus- pidate. Seed solitary. 12. C. tortuosa. R. Armed, subarboreous, with a long, weak, straggling trunk, and branches, Leaves bipinnate ; pinne and leaf- lets numerous ; common petiole armed. Racemes axil- lary. Legume from three to four-seeded, twisted, and contracted between the seeds. This dreadfully armed species is a native of the Island of Sumatra. From thence the seeds were sent by Dr, - Campbell, to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, in 1796. Now, October 1800, the trees are about fifteen feet high, with weak, slender trunks, and few still weaker subscan- dent branches, armed with numerous very sharp some- what incurved, subulate prickles, It blossoms in October : and the seeds are ripe in February. Leaves bipinnate, a foot or more long. Pinne from fifteen to twenty pair, opposite. Leaflets from twenty to forty pairs, opposite, tapering from the base to an obtuse point, smooth, firm, and shining, about half an inch long, andone-eighth of an inch broad. Petioles common, — keeled on the upperside, and armed with small recurved — Prickles underneath. Racemes axillary, erect, solitary, generally simple, subcylindric, rather longer than the leaves, Flowers scattered, very numerous, large, yel- low, slightly streaked with red near the base of the pe- tals. Bractes minute, caducous. Calyx here the lower. * division is uncommonly large. Coro! the two: pairs of lateral petals nearly equal, and almost round, the weer 5 One much smaller, deeply emarginate, coloured, hav- a ing along claw. Filaments woolly, wien : 3866 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.. ~- Caesalpiztia. and shorter. Legume linear-oblong: swelled at the seeds, © considerably twisted. Seeds from two to five, hard, smooth, of a dark blackish brown, size of a large pea. — 13. C. Sumatrana, R. 6 Scandent, armed. Leaves bipinnate, no stipules ; sie tioles armed on the under side. Racemes cauline, axilla- ry,or terminal. Calyx cylindric, confining the petals. Filaments naked, Legume winged on the back. Introduced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta from Sumatra where it is held in as much dread as the ai tuffu is in Abyssinia, ae Trunk scarcely any, but many stout, woody branches climbing up and over trees to a great extent. ‘These are covered with dark brown bark, and armed with numer. ous, strong, sharp, recurved prickles, the largest of them are generally in stipulary pairs. Leaves alternate, bipit- nate, from one to two feet long. Pinne from three to six pair, opposite. Leaflets from six to twelve, short-petio- letted, alternate, oval, entire, smooth on both sides, from one to two inches long. Petioles common, and of the pin n@ armed on the underside with sharp, recurved prickles otherwise smooth and polished like every other young part of the plant. Stipules none, but a brown smooth gland in their place, Racemes very large, compound, OF simple, from the naked ligneous branches, or from the axils, orthey are terminal. Flowers numerous, drooping; pretty large, of an orange colour tinged with pink. Bractes : minute, caducous, large before the flowers expand. Calyx subcylindric, the inferior division a little longer, pase per oe manent. Petals subclavate, the superior one rather larger oe and more beautifully coloured, all are only a little long- er than the calyx and inserted with the stamina a little — : above its base. In this species the great length of the ca : lyx prevents the petals from expanding, © Filaments te, ee ascending, smooth. Anthers Caesalpinia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 367 | ovate, two-lobed. Germ obliquely ovate. Style the length of the stamina. Stigma simple. Legume oblong, thin, with a broad membranaceous margin along the upper edge, - this wing is about one-third the breadth of the whole and united to the seed-bearing body of the legume by a suture which is somewhat elevated like the nerve of a leaf. Seeds from one to three or four, small, ovate, com- pressed, coloured and smooth. 14. C. inermis, R. Unarmed. Leaves bipinnate; pinne as faras ten pair ; leaflets as far as twenty. Panicles terminal, ferruginous. Peials base of the filaments, and germ very woolly. A native of the Moluccas. The legume not seen. 15. C. lacerans. R. ee Shrubby, scandent, dreadfully armed. Leaves bipin- nate. Calyces coloured like the corol. Legumes unarm- ed, winged, one-seeded. Teling. Walekadooda, A large climbing species, most completely armed. Itis common in wild, woody, uncul- tivated places, and flowers during the first part of the wet Season. Stem and longer branches climbing, woody, covered with scabrous, ash-coloured bark ; the smaller branches less so, and armed with innumerable, large, strong, sharp, recurved prickles ; the tender shoots purple. Leaves alter-— hate, abruptly bipinnate, from five to six inches long and three broad. Pinne opposite, from four to eight pair. Leaflets opposite, from four to eight pair, oval, entire, ‘Smooth, half aninch long and a quarter of an inch broad. P etioles common, smooth, armed with a pair of recurved Prickles below each pair of pinnae, and a single erect ; ne opposite to them on the upper side. Racemes’ axil- — » and only from the extreme leaves, which gives ‘Masa ofa large terminal leafly panicle, . cowers Pa 368 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Gertnera, ~ middle sized, numerous, white, beautifully tinged with red, Calyx coloured, as large as the corol. ¥ HYPERANTHERA. Pail. Calyx five-cleft. Corol irregular, five-petalled. Sta- mina unequal. Capsule superior, one-celled, three-valv- ed. Seeds winged. ig H. moringa. Willd. 2. 536. Asiat. Res. 11. 168. Arboreous. Leaves supradecompound, Half the sta- mina sterile. Guilendina Moringa. Linn. Jacq. &c. Anoma Moringa. Lourier. Cochin Ch, 343-4. Mouringou, - Rheed, Mal. 6. f. 11. Sobhanjana. Asiat, Res. 4. p. 277. Beng. Sujuna. Tam, and Teling. Morunga. iat Common in a cultivated state all over India. ‘The leaves, flowers, and tender seed-vessels, are eaten by the natives in their curries, 2 A red flowered species, or variety is found in the vici- nity of Malda, its Sanscrit name Mudhoo-shigroo. — GERTNERA. R. Calyx five-leaved. Corolirregular. Petals five, flexed. Germ three-celled, cells one-seeded, attachment subsuperior, Capsules three, superior, each three-wilS- ed, and one-seeded. Embryo inverse, without nn 1. G, racemosa. Willd, 2.551. R- Corom. pl- 1. pe t. 18, | Leaves eyatesblong, acute. Two exterior petals | ong, Wie Antimucta. Asiat, Res. 4. p. 282. Banisteria Bengalensis. Linn. sp. pl. 611. i ~ Madab lota, Sonnerat. N, 2, p. 238. t.135. Caesalpinia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 369 Molina racemosa. Lamarck. Encyclop. 4. 227. and Ca- cies: Diss. 9. t. 263. Sida-pou. Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 59. Teling. Vedal-tshittu. - Beng. Madhuva-luta, or Madhubuluta, also Mal tee. Found in various parts of India. It flowers during the rainy and cold season. The blossoms are uncommonly beautiful, and exceedingly fragrant. 2. G. obtusifolia. R. Leaves oblong, obtuse. All the petals round, the low- © er two expanded, the upper three reflex. A native of China, and from thence brought to the Bo. tanic garden at Calcutta, prior to 1793. Like racemosa, itis a large, scandent, somewhat twining shrub; running over trees of considerable size. Flowering time the month of March. Its blossoms are smaller, less beautiful, and hot so fragrant, as those of G. racemosa. Flowers of five petals, the lower two, more ex panded, the upper three completely reflexed, allelegantly fringed round the margins, the uppermost one has a rosy tinge round a yellowish base, where two curved hornlets project in to- ward the stamina, the other four are white. Filaments un- equal, ascending in a beautiful curve ; the lower one much larger, and longer. Germ superior, three-lobed, each lobe crowned with one larger, and two smaller,semilunar,hairy processes, which in the fertile lobes become wings ; each lobe contains a single seed attached to the inner and upper angle of the cell. Style ascending, nearly as long as the long filament. Stigma simple, incurved, Samara, rarely more than one of the three come to ma- turity, globose, villous, of a soft chaffy texture, three- Winged ; wings lanceolate, scariose, one of them larger, between it and the base is a small scar, the mark of the attachment of the style. Seed single, round. Integument Single, tender, brown, attached to the samara under the’ Ca 370 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Adenanthera, remains of the style. Perisperm none. Embryo inverse, yellowish. Cotyledons conform to the seed, unequal, and sometimes divided. Plumula two-lobed. Radicles oval, curved up, and pointing to the vertex of the seed. _ADENANTHERA. Schreb. gen. n. 707. | Calyx five-toothed. Corol five-petalled; a globular gland crowns the apex of cach anther. 1. A. pavonina, Willd. 2. 550. Unarmed. Leaves bipinnate ; leaflets smooth. Ra- cemes axillary. Sans. Koochunduna. Beng. Ructa-chundan, Runjwna, which means ved san- dal, whereas we consider Pterocarpus Santalinus to be the tree which yields that wood. si Mandsjadi. Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 14. Corollaria parvifolia. Rumph. Amb. 3. t. 109. Found in various forests over most parts of India. Tt grows to be a very large tree with an erect trunk, and when old, dark-coloured scabrous bark; while yous, smooth. The interior wood of large trees is of a “ie vat colour, very hard and durable. Leaves alternate, abruptly bipinnate, from one sonal feet long. Pinne opposite, generally from four to six pair, each from four to twelve inches long. Leaflets alternate, — short-petioletted, from four to ten or twelve pair, oval, with the margins waved, smooth on both sides, from one to tw? inches long. Petioles round, smooth, coloured. Racemes terminal and from the exterior axils, solitary, cylindriG, about aspanlong. Flowers numerous, small, yellow, — fragrant. Bractes minute and caducous. Calyx, bo. : parts of fructification as in the genus, only the petals ad- | pea here slightly at the pas and there the damien are serted. Adenanthera. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 371 The coloured wood of this tree is used for a variety of | economical purposes. ‘The smooth, oval, bright scarlet coloured, hard seeds are strung ona thread and worn by the women round their necks in many parts of India, The wood yields a dye, and is employed by the Brah- mins after religious bathing in marking their foreheads; for which purpose it is obtained, by rubbing the wood on a wet stone. 2. A. aculeata. R- Arboreous, prickly. Leaves bipinnate, smooth, Legumes cylindric, replete with a farinaceous substance, in whish _the seeds are found, Prosopis spicigera. Willd. 2: 547. R, Corom. pl. 1. N. 63. Somi. Wilford in Asiat. Res. 4. p. 363. Sir William Jones’s Sami of the same vol. page 307, is very differ- ent; viz. Mimosa farnesiana, a plant he never intended for Sami. Prosopis aculeata. Asiat. Res, 4. p. 405. Prosopis aculeata Kon. Mss. Teling. Chanee. This grows to the size ofa tree. It is a native of most Parts of the coast of Coromandel, chiefly on low lands at a considerable distance from the sea; it is also found in some parts of Hindoostan. It flowers apying. the cold and beginning of the hot seasons. Trunk tolerably erect. Bark deeply crack of a sits ash colour. Branches irregular, very numerous, forming a pretty large, very shady head. Prickles scattered over the small branches, in some trees wanting. Leaves alter- nate, generally bipinnate, from two to three inches long. _ Pinne from one to four, when in pairs, opposite, andhay- ing a gland between their insertions. Leaflets opposite, from seven to ten pair, obliquely lanceolate, smooth, en-— tire, about half. an inch long, and one-sixth broad, Sti- | Pules none, Spikes axillary, several topethe i U u2 372 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Petaloma. nearly erect. Bractes minute, one-flowered, caducous, Flowers numerous, small, yellow, single, approximate. Calyx below, five-toothed. Filaments united at the base. Anthers incumbent and white, with a gland on the apex of each which falls off soon after the flower expands. Style crooked. Stigma simple. Legume long, pendulous, not in- flated. Seeds many, lodged ina brown mealy substance. | ‘The pod of this tree is the only part used; it is about an inch in circumference, and from six to twelve long; when ripe, brown and smooth, containing besides the seeds a large quantity of a brown mealy substance which the natives eat. Its taste is sweetish, and agreeable ; it may therefore be compared to the Spanish Algaroba, or Lo-- cust iree ( Ceratonia siliqua.) CYNOMETRA. Linn. Calyx four-leaved. Corol five-petalled. Legume fleshy, lunate, one-seeded. Embryo centripetal, no perisperm. _C. polyandra. R. es Leaves pinnate, Branchlets floriferous. Flowers p% lyandrous. His Peng is the vernacular name in Silhet, where it grows to be a very large and useful timber tree. Flowering time March and April. The seeds ripen in July and August \ PETALOMA. Schreb. gen. n. 1750. aloe five-toothed. Petals five, the stamina inserted on the calyx. Berry inferior, one-celled. Seeds from one to four. P. alternifolia. R, Leaves alternate, meron cmetie, emarginate. nar axillary. ere Ruta, DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 373 Kada Kandel. Rheed. Mal. vol. 6. t. 37. Beng. Kripa, A pretty large tree, a native of the Delta of the Ganges, where the spring-tides rise so high as to overflow the ground onawhich they grow. Flowering time the hot season, Trunk straight, bark scabrous. Branches numerous, erect, and ascending, with dark brown, smooth, bark. Leaves alternate, subsessile, obovate, emarginate, slight- ly crenate, almost veiniess, smooth on both sides, and fleshy, about two inches long, and one broad. Stipules — none. Spikes axillary, solitary, generally simple, about as long as the leaves, each bearing from six to twelve, alternate, small, white flowers. Bractes, a very minute one at the base of each germ, and two growing on the Opposite sides ofits middle. Calyx five-toothed ; teeth rounded and frequently unequal. Petals five, inserted within the fissures of the calyx, oblong, entire, first ex- panding, then recurved. Filaments ten, alternately a little longer, about the length of the petals. Anthers ovate. Germ inferior, ovate, compressed. Style awled, as long as the stamens. Stigma acute. Pericarpium a small ovate, oblong, compressed, drupaceous berry, with a single linear, oblong seed. . The wood is remarkably strong and durable; it is much used for posts and other parts of the houses of the na- tives, but its chief consumption about Calcutta is for fuel, large quantities being brought daily from the Sunder- bunds (low parts of the Delta,) for that purpose. I doubt if this can with propriety be considered a Pe- taloma, ‘The habit does not by any means agree, It “will probably form a genus. RUTA. Schreb. gen. n. 725. Calyx five-parted, Petals.concave. Receptacle of the germ impressed with ten melliferous pits. Capsule ie 374 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Murraya. R. graveolens. Willd. 2. 542. . Leaves supra-decompound ; leaflets oblong, the termi-. nal ones obovate. Petals entire. Arab. Sudal, Sans. Somalata, also Brahmee. Hind. Saturi, also Arooda. It is I presume a native of Persia, and the western parts of Asia. In Bengal, it is found in gardens only where it flowers during the cold season. ~ MURRAYA. Schreb. gen. n. 717. Calyx five-toothed. Corol campanulate, fiye-petalled. Germ two-celled, with two subpendulous ovula in each, attached to the top of the axis. Berry superior, tw0- celled. Seeds solitary, woody. Embryo inverse without perisperm. 1. M. exotica. Mant, 393, Willd. 2. p, 518. Leaves alternately pinnate ; leaflets from five to seven, obliquely oboyate, oblong, | Corymbs terminal, globular, crowded. aisgel Chalcas paniculata. Mant. 68. mE Camunium Sinense. Rumph. Amb, 5. t. 18.f. 2. Marsana buxifolia. Sonnerat it. 3. 192. t. 139. Teling. Naga golunga, zit It grows to be a small tree, though in general found i the state ofa large, erect, very ramous shrub, with a light ash-coloured bark. It was brought from China to this coast many years ago, where it continues to be cultivat- ed in gardens ; but I have found it very common wild, ; amongst the mountains in the Circars. It is from the wild plant I take my description. It flowers chiefly Aor: ing the hot season. “FP Leaves scattered, pinnate with an odd one. _ Leaflets generally three pair, alternate, obovate-oblong, maf Bergera. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 375 nate, smooth, ofa shining deep green, from one and a half to two inches long, and about one broad, the inferior smallest. Petioles glandular, round. Corymbs terminal, globular, crowded with pretty large, beautiful, pure white, exquisitely fragrant flowers. Calyx one-leaved, five-parted, glandular, divisions erect, acute. Corol five- petalled, campanulate. Petals lanceolate, spreading at top. Nectary a fleshy ring surrounding the base of the germ. Filaments ten, alternately longer, and larger. An- thers oblong. Germ superior, oblong, glandular, two-cell- ed, with two ovula in each vertically attached to the upper half of the partition. Style thick, length of the stamens. Stigma large, glandular, Seeds one, or two, oblong, pointed above, flat on one side, woolly. Embryo inverse, and without perisperm. 2. M. Sumatrana. R.. 2 Leaves alternately pinnate ; leaflets from five to seven, ovate and ovate-oblong, emarginate. Flowers terminal. A large shrub, a native of Sumatra, and from thence sent to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, by Dr. C. Camp- bell, under the name Chalcas; it is much thinner of branches, has larger leaves, and fewer but much larger flowers, than exotica, and when growing together most conspicuously different in habit. Flowers, and pees. its Seed at various times through the year. BERGERA. Schreb. gen. n. 718- Calyx five-toothed. Corol five-petalled, expanding. Germ two-celled, one ovula in each attached to the axis. _ Berry superior, one or two-seeded. Embryo inverse, Without perisperm. 1, B. Konigii. Willd. 2. 549. : Leaflets obliquely lanceolate, serrate. 376 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bergera: Beng. Bursunga. _Teling. Kari-Vepa. | Tam. Kamwepila. This grows to be a smalj tree. Is a native of the mountainous parts of the Coast, and is also cultivated in gardens for the sake of its leaves; they being a princi- pal ingredient in the country stews called curries, Its flowering time is the hot season. ; This tree is so well described by the late Dr. Konig, in the genera and species plantarum of Linnzeus, thatitis unnecessary for me to say any thing on that head. The leaves, as observed above, are a very principal in- gredient in curries; and when they cannot be had fresh, are used dry, for they retain their flavour very well ia that state, and are to be had in every market, They have a peculiar flavour, which I cannot describe; at first it is rather disagreeable, but. most. people soon become perfectly reconciled to, if not fond of it. The bark and root are used as stimulants by the na- tive physicians, Externally they are also used to cure eruptions and the bites of poisonous animals. The green leayes are prescribed to be eaten raw for the - cure of dysentery ; they are also bruised and applied externally to cure eruptions. 2. B. integerrima. Buch. -Arboreous, Leaflets entire, with long taper points. Bun kooncha of the natives of the eastern banks of the mouth of the Megna, where the tree grows. It was i troduced into the Botanic garden by Dr. Buchanat in 1797 ; now, January 1800, they have advanced to the size of small ramous trees, and are at present in blossom. Leaves alternate, petioled, pinnate, with single termi- nal leaflets, from six. to eighteen inches long. Leaflets opposite or subalternate, short-petioletted, obliquely lan- ceolate, oblong, waved,ending in long, fine, tapering alate = Limonia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 377 tolerably smooth above, and somewhat villous under- neath, differing in size, the exterior or largest above six inches long and two broad. Petiolets and petioles round, and a little villous, Corymbs terminal, decompound, large, ramifications villous. Flowers short-pedicelled, erect, numerous, white, emitting a strong, heavy, offen- -Sive smell. Bractes very minute, Perianth five-toothed. ‘Petals five, lanceolate, expanding. Stamens alternately longer. Germsuperior, oval, resting on a fleshy receptacle. Style clavate. Stigma subrotund. Berry the size of a large pea, oval, when ripe yellow. Seed solitary, nearly as large as the berry. ie _LIMONIA. Schreb. gen. n. 720. Calyx four or five-toothed. Corol four or five-petalled. Germ from two to five-celled ; cells from one to two seed- ed, attachment interior. Berry superior, few-seeded. Embryo inverse, without perisperm. 1. L. bilocularis. R. Shrubby, armed. Leaves elliptic, emarginate, glossy. Flowers axillary, and terminal, subsessile, decandrous. Germ and berries two-seeded. — A very ramous, well armed, rigid shrub, very like Li- monia monophylla, but always smaller; a native of Coro- mandel. Flowers in June; the seed ripens in September. ~ Spines axillary, solitary, long, strong and sharp. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, reflexed, elliptic, somewhat crenulate, emarginate, firm and glossy, abounding in Minute cells, and odorous like the leaves of the orange, &c. when bruised ; about an inch and a halflong, and three quarters of an inch broad. Stipules axillary, solitary, by ‘the base of the spines, subulate. Flowers axillary and terminal, in little, subsessile clusters, small, pure white. Bractes minute, subulate. —— eter 2 five -tooth- v 378° DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Limonia: ed. Petals five, oblong. Nectary a crenulate, white fleshy cup, round the lower half of the germ. Filaments ten, alternately shorter, lanceolar, thick, and distinct, inserted between the nectary and petals. Anthers ovate. Germ superior, two, very rarely three-lobed ; two, rarely three-celled with one ovula in each, attached to the mid- dle of the partition; styleshort and thick. Stigma large, nearly round, and clammy. Berries spherical, of the size and appearance of a ripe s/oe, succulent, two-celled. Seed solitary. Integument single, thin, and clear. Perisperm none. Embryo inverse, toes Cotyledons conform to th seed, 2. L. monophylla. Willd. 2. 571. Corom. pl. 1. N. 83. -Shrubby, armed with straight spines, Leaves simple. Nectary. campanulate, antheriferous. Trichilia spinosa, Willd. 1.2. p. 554, Limonia pumila, Burm. zeyl. 143. t. 65. Mal-Naregam. Rheed. Mal. 4, t. 12. Teling. Adivi-nima, (wild lime.) This plant is a native of our large, extensive forests over the Coast of Coromandel, where it often grows to be a small tree, though oftener found in the state of a Targe_ shrub. Flowering time about the rainy season. Trunk irregular. Bark pretty smooth, of a greenish ash colour, Branches numerous, very irregular, and very rigid. Thorns single, axillary, yery strong and sharp ; ’ in some plants entirely wanting, Leaves alternate, short- petioled, oblong, emarginate, smooth, firm, two or three inches long, and one or one anda half broad. Sti pules subulate. Racemes axillary, short. Bractes subU- late, small. Calyx from four to five-parted, permanent. Corol four or five-petalled ; petals equal, oblong, expand- ing. Nectary cylindric, mouth ten-toothed; teeth alternate- ly larger. Filaments none ; ; authers resting on the teeth of the nectary. Germs EULER, globular, generally four- _ Limonia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 379 with two ovula in each, attached to the axis. Style length of the nectary. Stigma three or four-lobed. Berry the size of a nutmeg, very much like a lime (hence the Telinga name, wild lime) generally four-celled, Seeds generally solitary, that is one in each cell. The flowers of the above described plant agree with those of Melia, Trichilia, Turraea, and Swietenia ; their pericarps must be depended on to distinguish the genera. 3. L. citrifolia. R. Shrubby ; armed with recurved spines. Leaves simple, elliptically oval, entire, obtusely acuminate. Flowers axillary. Berries ovate, few-seeded. Seay very ramous, rigid, well-armed shrub, of five or six feet in height, a native of the forests of Chittagong, and with the other armed species, well adapted for fences, Flowering time the hot season. ; Young shoots polished. Thorns axillary, solitary, short, somewhat recurved. Leaves alternate, round-pe- tioled, ‘elliptic, with an obtuse, somewhat lengthened point, entire, smooth, but marked with numerous pellucid points, as in many Aurantia ; from four to five inches long, and from two to three broad. Stipules none, Flow- ers small, white, short-peduncled, axillary. Bractes mi-_ nute, about the insertion of the peduncles, and on them, Calyx five-toothed, having its substance marked with pel- lucid points. Petals five, oblong, smooth. Filaments ten, distinct, short, inserted round the base of the germ, An- thers linear, erect. Germ ovate-oblong, five-grooved, on the outside five-celled, each cell containing two ovula at- tached to the axis. Style thick and short. Stigma sub-pel- tate. Berry ovate, of the colour and appearance of a lime, €ven to the little green cells in the cortex, Seeds from one to four, separated by some few small fibres only, which are scarcely to be traced when dry, oblong, having the Sides agreeing in shape with the number in the ber . In- Vv2- 380. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Limonia. tegument single, membranaceous. Perisperm none. Em- bryo inverse. Cotyledons conform to the seed. Radicle superior, _ 4.1L, scandens. R Shrubby, scandent, armed. Leaves ternate ; leaflets lan- ceolar, entire, smooth. Berries three-seeded, Sans. Luvunga-luta. ‘Lung-phool of the natives about Silhet. | A very extensive, powerful, scandent shrub, a native of the hills about Silhet and Chittagong, where it blos- soms in March and April, and the seeds nipen! in Sep- tember. Trunk or branches several from the same root, late, thick, stout, ligneous, scandent, armed. Bark pretty smooth and ash-coloured. Thorns axillary,solitary, strong, long, acute, and a little recurved. Leaves alternate,ternate- Leaflets lanceolate, entire, smooth, shining and firm, from six to seven inches long, haying both surfaces marked with minute, dark green, glandular dots, or cells, though the smell, as in most leaves of this conformation, has nothing particular init; when the plants are young, the leaves ate simple. Petioles channelled, smooth, deep green like the leaves. Peduncles axillary, or from the naked branchlets below the leaves, each supporting from four to twelve, pedicelled, pretty large, white, fragrant flowers, in form! of a raceme, Calyx one-leaved, cylindric, with the mouth cat into four short, truncate divisions. Petals four, linear ob- long, fleshy, recurved. Filaments eight; the lower half unit- ed into a firm, fleshy tube. Anthers linear, incumbent Germ conical, elevated on a fleshy receptacle, three-cell- ed with two vertical ovula in each, attached to the axis- Style cylindric, Stigma entire, roundish, Berry ob- long, somewhat three-lobed, size of a pigeon’s egg, prety ) smooth, pulp of aresinous nature, and odoriierous, three celled. Seed solitary, mab somewhat pointes at. the a Ee: Limonia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 38L pex, covered with a single greenish-veined integument. Perisperm none, Embryo conform to the seed, inverse. Cotyledons oblong green, fleshy. Plumula two-lobed. Radicle dvate, superior. Previous to haying seen the pericarpium of this plant, an incomplete description and drawing were sent to the Honourable the Court of Directors, under the name Aitonia spinosa. The discovery of the seed vessel, toge- ther with its structure, &c. convinces me it cannot be- long to that genus, and seems to associate best with Li- monia, Murraya, and Triphasia, and no doubt belongs to the seed, and divisions of J ussieu’ s natural order Au- rantia, 5. L, pentaphyla, Willd. 1. 572. R. Corom., pl. 1. p. 60. t, 84, Unarmed, shrubby. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets about five, subalternate, oblong, entire, smooth. Berries with one or two, rarely three, perfect seeds. ; Teling. Gulunga. Beng. Ash-shoura. A very common shrub every where, and in flower and Tipe seed all the year. The small white flowers are sweetly fragrant. 6. L. arborea. R. Corom. pl. 1. 60, €. 85. Unarmed, arboreous. Leaves pinnate ; five, oblong, serrate, smooth. Berries with one or two perfect seeds. Teling. Konda Gulunga. A native of the Circar mountains. 7. L crenulata. R. Corom. pl. 1. p. 60. t, 86. Arboreous, armed, Leaves pinnate ; leaflets from two to three pair, oblong, crenulate ; petioles winged. Corols four-petalled. | Berries with from one to besos fatwa and one seed ineach. * 382 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Cookia. Limonia acidissima. Mant. 380. Willd. 2. 572. Tsjerou-katou narigam, Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 14. Teling. Torelega. An elegant small tree, a native of Coromandel, Mala- bar, &c. Flowering time the hot season. 8. L. pentagyna. R. Arboreous. Leaflets from-five to nine, sublanceoltite, _Racemes axillary, compound. Nectary short, crenulate Berry with from one to five dobes, and as many seeds. Teling. Chitreka. A large timber tree, a native of the Circars, Bengal, ko. and in flower during the hot season, COOKIA. Retz. Calyx five-toothed. Corol five-petalled. Germ éiovate ed on a receptacle, five-celled; cell two-seeded ; attach- mént interior. Berry superior, five-seeded. Embryo in- verse, no perisperm. 3 : 1. C. punctata. Willd. 2558. Sonnerat, it. 2. 181. t. 130- Sonneratia punctata. Syst. 1. 675. Quinaria lansium. Lour. Cochin Ch. oe Chin. Whung-pi. . A Chinese fruit tree, now common in Bengal, and vari- ous other parts of India. Flowering time the beginning ‘ of the hot season; the fruit ripe in three or four months after. Trunk straight; branches numerous, suberect; bark pretty smooth, ash-coloured, that of the young shoots green, and scabrous. Leaves alternate, pinnate, with an _oddone. Leaflets three or four pairs, nearly opposites short-petioletted, obliquely oblong-oval, entire, of @ firm texture, smooth on both sides, while the ‘under side of the veins are scabrous. —Secage round, hairy, | and Boswellia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 383 scabrous. Stipulesnone. Panicles terminal, large, erect, composed of many, suberect, compound racemes, covered with rough, glandular excrescenses. Flowers numerous, small, white. Bractes small, falling. Calyx inferior, cup-shaped, five-toothed, outside glandular. Petals five, lanceolato-oblong, spreading, concave. Filaments ten, ra- ther shorter than the petals, recurved, inserted with broad bases round the bottom of the receptacle. Anthers round- ish,incumbent. Germ superior, short-pedicelled, five- celled with two ovula in each, attached to the thickened middle of the axis. Style short, and thick. Stigma of five obtuse lobes. Berry the size and appearance of a goose- berry, skin tough, and replete with cells filled with a fragrant green balsam, five-celled. Seed solitary, oblong. Integument single, thin, colourless. | Perisperm none. Embryo inverse, green. _ Cotyledons conform to the seed. Plumula conical, bidentate. Radicle cylindric, superior. The fruit, and indeed every part of the tree, possess a peculiar kind of agreeable fragrance, which is something ofa Terebinthinaceous nature. BOSWELLIA. (R.) Calyx five-toothed. Corolfive-petalled. Nectary a cre- -‘Dulated fleshy, staminiferous cup, surrounding the lower Part of the germ. Germ superior, three-celled, cells two- Seeded, three-valved. Seed solitary, membrane winged. Embryo j inverse, folded, without perisperm. Note. The genus is so named, in memory of the late Dr. John Boswell, Physician in Edinburgh. : 1. B. patios: Colebrooke in Asiat. Res. 9. 317. and 11, 58. Leaflets serrate. Racemes simple, tine Hiloments ‘. inserted on the exterior margin of the nectary, be | Canarium hirsutum, Willd. 4, 760, . 884 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA- Buchanania. ‘Canarium odoriferum ; hirsutum. Rumph. Amb. 2. t.51, Sans. Salaci the tree, and Koondooroo the drug, or in- cense. , Beng, Salai the tree, and Koondooroo, or Gundhurus the drug. Hind. Luban. A large timber tree, a native of the mountainous parts of Coromandel, Bundelkhund, &c. Flowering time the ~ hot season, March and April, and the seeds ripen about the end ofthe year. From the researches of Mr. Colebrooke, above quoted, in the 11th Vol. of the Asiatic Researches it appears that the oblibanum or Frankincense of the aa- — cients is the produce of this tree, and not of i tS lycia, as hitherto thought. ot ~ 2. B. glabra. R. Corom. pl. 3. N. 207. is Leaflets smooth, serrulate, or entire. Racemes termi- nal, subpanicled. Filaments inserted into the base ee the -nectary on the outside. Canarium odoriferum leve. Rumph. Amb. 2. t.50- Canarium balsamiferum. Willd. 4. 760. Teling. Googoolupoo-chittoo, a This as well as thurifera yields a resin, which is use a as incense, and for pitch, in some parts of India- iti isa a ae native of the mountainous districts of Coromandel v a it blossoms during the dry season. BUCHANANIA. (R.) Calyx five-toothed. Petals five. Nectary double ; 4 ; the exterior a crenulate cup between the filaments and germ j Bs the inner four subulate bodies are one side within the : ‘former. Germ superior, one-celled, one-seeded ; atta ment from the bottom of the cell to the apex of the rt with a one-seeded nut. serge transverse, 3 Buchanania. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 385 1. B. latifolia. R. Arboreous. Leaves oval. - Sans. and Beng. Piyala, the name of the tree. Hind, Peeyar, Peeyal, Piyala. Sans. Chirika, the name of the fruit. Beng. Chirongi, the name of the fruit, as sold in the eccicin. Teling. Charoo-mamudee. Mowdo, or Kati mango-marum of the Tamuls. It . _ Inust have been the Telinga and Tamul names, which in- _ duced Konig to call this tree Mangifera silvestris. Larmzon. Buch. in Asiat. Res. 5. p. 123. A large tree, a native of the mountainous parts of the coast. It flowers in January and February. Trunk strait, thick, and of a great height. Bark sca- brous. Branches numerous, spreading in every directi- on, Leaves alternate, though sometimes three-fold, short- petioled, oval, oblong, or obovate, obtuse, entire, of a hard texture, pretty smooth, above scabrous, below soft- ét, six or seven inches long, and about four broad, Sti- pules none. Panicles terminal, and from the exterior axils, erect, branchy, conical. Bractes small, caducous. Flowers very numerous, small, of a whitish green, ia inferior, five-toothed, permanent. Petals five, o spreading. Nectary double ; exterior, a fleshy ed yellow ring surrounding the base of the , Consisting of four subulate bodies, placed on one side of the germ, and within the exterior ring4 they are about as long as the whole pistil, and look/like four additional _ Styles. Filaments ten, equal, sprfading, nearly as long as the petals, inserted into the outside of the base of the €Xterior nectary. Anthers ovate Germ conical, hairy, Sne-celled, containing one ovula, attached to the bot- ‘om of the cell by a long curved cord, which takes near- : ly a turn round the ovula, and enters it on the middle of the opposite side, Style aah Stigma simple. 1 w wi ee net 386 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA-. | Walsura. 2 e size of a cherry, a little compressed, smooth, when ripe, black, Nut very hard, one-celled, two-valved. Seed so- litary covered with a double integument. Perisperm none. Embryo transverse. The wood of this tree is used for various purposes, and the kernels are a very general substitute for almonds, amongst the natives. ' |. 2.°B. angustifolia. R. Arboreous. Leaves linear-oblong, apex rounded. A native. of the south end of the Peninsula of India Flowers in June, and the fruit takes nearly one you en come to maturity. ; 3. B. lancifolia. R. fe Arboreous. Leaves lanceolate, obtuse —— — ae entire. Panicles terminal. _A large, and tall tree, a native of Chittagong. The ten- der, unripe fruit is eaten by the natives in their curries. _WALSURA. (R.) ns -.. Calyx. five-toothed. Corol_five-petalled, Nectary double ; exterior subcylindric, bearing the anthers in is — eae ere a fleshy ring round the germ. Germ — superior, — cells two-seeded ; attachment inte- rior. Berry one>seeded. Embryo erect, no perisper™- 1. W. robusta. R. geri _ Leaves quinate-pinna\te ; leaflets lanceolate. — ‘Panicles og ‘terminal and axillary. . Filaments distinct, fconbene™ oe ly the | exterior nectary is) not found.) 2 Upphing, the vernaculgr name in Silhet, where it grows to be one of their largest, timber trees; having a up’ seven feet in } a other arts in emeee tion. Walsura. - DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 387 ~ It flowers in March and April, and the seed ripens in June. Young shoots rough with scabrous specks, but void of pubescence. Leaves alternate, unequally pinnate, some ternate ; from six to nine inches long. Leaflets generally five. The pairs opposite, from oblong to lan- ceolate, acuminate, entire, smooth ; from four to five inches long, and from one to two broad. Petioles marked with the same sort of elevated rough white specks that are to be found on the young shoots. Panicles terminal, and from the exterior axills, length of the leaves, much crowded, and very dense ; their numerous ramifications scarcely villous. Bractes minute. Flowers numerous, ra- ther small, ‘and white. Calyx five-parted ; segments nearly equal, small, and’ oval. Petals five, oblong, spreading, a little villous. Nectary a large fleshy crenate ring round the base of the germ, within the filaments.’ Filaments ten, broad towards the base, but not in the least united, tapering regularly to the apex, which is’ very slender ; they are inserted under the exterior part of the nectary, and are alternately a little shorter. Anthers small, oval. Germ superior, ovate, two-celled; ovula two in each cell, attached to the middle of the partition. Style short. Stigma peltate. Berry oval, size of a small olive, resting on the permanent corol, calyx, and stamina, One-celled. Cortex rather thin, and bright grey. Seed so- litary, conform to the berry, before maturity or when im- perfectly ripe, a pretty large quantity of a clear, very’ succulent exterior envelope, or aril isfound,but when ripe it is searcely to be seen. Integuments besides the aril, ‘Single. Perispermnone. Embryo straight, inverse. Co- tyledons conform to the seed. Radicle obovate-truncate, os Ss ~ 2. W. piscidia, R. : Lies subternate ; leaflets subternate obtomis: 0 Ww2 “ 388 DECANDRIA: MONOGYNIA. Walsura, -~ Teling. Wallursi. Tam. Walsura, A tree,a native of the mountainous parts of the Circars, It flowers during the cold season. Specimens of this, in the Banksian herbarium, are referred to Trichilia. Trunk erect. Bark ash-coloured ; in old trees deeply cracked. Branches very irregularly scattered, forming a thin head. Leaves alternate, petioled, subpinnate. Leaflets from two to four, alternate, oblong, entire, frequently emarginate, above smooth, of a deep, shining green, below whitish, from two to three inches long, and about one broad. Stipules none. Flowers numerous, small, of a dirty yellowish white colour, collected on small terminal pait- cles. Bractes minute, falling. Calyx interior, five-cleft, permanent. Petals five, equal, lanceolate, expanding. Nectary double; exterior cylindric, half the length of the petals, ten-cleft for two-thirds of its length; divisions emarginate, staminiferous ; interior, a fleshy ring sur rounding the base ofthe germ. _ Filaments ten, short, in-- serted into the notches of the divisions of the exterior nectary. Anthers oblong, erect. Germ roundish, sank deep into the interior nectary, two, rarely three-celled with two ovula in each, attached to the pattition. | Style the length of the exterior nectary. Stigma large, turbinates Berry oblong, downy, pulpy, one-celled. Seed one, larete : oblong, . This tree has nearly the flowers of Melia, Trichilia, and Swietinia, but the fruit of Murraya ; it may there fore constitute a new genus. The. wood serves .for various eidaguial peor ks am informed by the natives, that if the bark in quantity, is thrown into fish ponds, it soon kills the fish, which is believe is true, for it is rare to meet with a tree that has not been deprived of its bark. They do not esteem the fish the less wholesome, and it renders them easily caught, as they svon float, probably before they die; 05 — : e Heynea. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 389 is the case when cocculus Indicus is employed. This is the second species of fish poison, employed by the na- tives of this country, to enable them to catch fish, with little or no trouble. The fruit of Gardenia dumetorum, was the first which has been already taken notice of. 3. W. ternata. R. Leaves ternate ; leaflets narrow-lanceolate. Panicles axillary. Neciary gibbous, with divisions alternately rounding and bidentate. Tam. Kaka-walsura. Teling. Chinna-wallursi. ets ‘A small tree growing on the sides of hills. It flowers — during the hot season. ‘ Trunk erect; bark smooth, rust colour. Leaves alter- nate, petioled, ternate. Leaflets narrow-lanceolate, equal, entire, above smooth, of a deep shining green, whitish un- derneath ; from four to five inches long, and one broad. Petioles semicylindric, rust-coloured, two inches long, Stipules none. Panicles axillary, middle-sized. Bractes Single, small, caducous. Flowers very numerous, small, milk white. Calyx and corol as in W. piscidia. Nec- tary, the exterior one gibbous, and having only the a- Pex of every other division bifid; the intermediate one, Tounded, and a little shorter. Interior salver-shaped, with a large, high, callous margin. Stamens as in the former species. Style half the length of the gibbous necta- ; Ty. Stigma large ; apex two-lobed. | Ihave not seen the pericarp, but from the structure, and contents of the germ, I imagine it will be a one-seed- ed berry, HEYNEA. (R.) Sales five-toothed. Petals five. Nectary cylindric E ‘With the anthers attached round the inside of its tn 390 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Heynea, Germ two-celled ; cells two-seeded ; attachment interior. Capsule superior, one-celled, two-valved, one-seeded, Seed arilled. Embryo inverse, without perisperm. 1. H. trijuga. R. Leaves unequally pinnate ; leaflets three pair. Pant- cles axillary, long-peduncled. Kapyakooshee. A native of Nepal; from thence, in 1802, Dr. Bucha- nan sent seeds of this tree, to the Botanic garden at Cal- cutta, under the vernacular name yakooshee, where in se- ven years, the young trees were about fifteen, and twenty feet high, with much the habit of the Walnut tree. Flow- ering time in the Botanic garden, March; the seed ripens in October. ‘Trunk straight, in our young trees about as thick as @ man’s thigh, Bark dark ash-coloured, and pretty smooth. Branches few ; young shoots marked with scabrous spots Leaves unequally pinnate, alternate, from one to two feet long. Leaflets opposite, short-petioletted, two or three pair, ovate-oblong, acuminate, entire, smooth, from four to eight inches long, and from two to four broad. ‘Peti- oles round, smooth, swelled at the insertion of the leaflets. Petioles channelled, less than an inch long. Stipules none. Panicles axillary, solitary, long peduncled, smooth, . erect. Flowers numerous, small, white. Bractes minute, — caducous. Calyx one-leafed, five-toothed, permanent. Petals five, cuneate-lanceolate, spreading. Nectarium subcylindric, shorter than the petals, half ten-cleft, divi- sion alternately a little shorter, bifid. Filaments scarcely any. Anthers ten, ovate, three-lobed, crowned with an obtuse point, ‘attached to the inside of the divisions of the nectary. Germ superior, immersed in 4 large fleshy ring, two-celled, with two ovula in each, attack to the middle of the partition. Style short. “Stigma large, nearly round, with a Bee ote apex which is ip re i Ekebergia, -DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. _ 391 ther within the mouth of the nectary. Capsule round, the size of a small cherry, fleshy, one-celled, two-valved, opening round the apex. Seed solitary, round, invested in a complete, thin, white, sebaceous aril, which with the seed, as in the germ, are attached to what was the partition, now pressed to one side by the abortion of three-fourths of its original contents. Integument single, when recent orange, but soon changing to a chesnut co- lour, smooth, and strong, with a long white umbilicus strongly marking the side of attachment,. Perisperm none. Embryo inverse. Cotyledons two, hemispheric, conform . to the seed, firm, green. Plumula small, two-lobed, Ra- dicle superior, small. eres . The back, leaves, and tender parts possess a consider- able share of a peculiar bitter taste ; and the cold infusi- ous thereof, with the addition of a little sulphate. of iron, becomes black; two principles very generally found amongst the plants of this natural order, which grow in Thdia. Specimens of another species were received from. the Molucca Islands where the tree grows, but I have no drawing thereof. I however add a short definition below, 2. H. quinquijuga. R. Arboreous, Leaves unequally pinnate ; ——. Lg pair. Panicles, the length of theleaves. = A tree, native of the Moluccas, with the perfect habit ofa Melia. -EKEBERGLIA. Schreb. gen. n. 619. - Calyx from four to five-toothed. — Corol five-petalled. Nectary cylindric, ten-cleft, antheriferous. Germ supe- Tior, five-celled, cells one-seeded. Embryo inyerse, sand fumished with a perisperm. 392 — DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Sandoricum. 1. E. indica. R. ‘Shrubby. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets grossly serrate. Nectaries ten-cleft to near the base. Panicles axillary. Teling. Pooroodona. Common throughout the Circars. It delights chiefly in the lower, sloping barren lands, about the bottom of mountains, where it grows to be a small tree. It flowers ali thé year round. Leaves alternate, unequally pintiate, from six to nine inches long. Leaflets from four to six pairs, opposite, oblong, grossly serrate, smooth ; the most exterior al- ways largest, about three inches long, and one and a half broad. Panicles axillary, small, long-peduncled. Flow- ers small, white, inodorous. Nectary ten-cleft, cylindric; segments bifid. Filaments exceedingly short, inserted into the divisions of the ten segments of the nectary. Germ superior, five-celled, with one ovula in each, at- tached to the upper end of the axis. Berry, the size of a pea, round, smooth, when ripe red and somewhat succulent, five-celled. Seed solitary, reniform. Integu- ments two ; exterior hard, thin, and elastic ; inner mem- branaceous, and brown. Perisperm conform to the seed, soft and juicy. Embryo a little curved, inverse. ony ledons oblong. Radicle oblong, superior. I have not found that this species is rapt in ye | | =e except for fuel, SANDORICUM. Schreb. gen.n.VJ51. Calyx five-toothed. Corot five-petalled. Nectary cy- lindric, bearing the ten anthers in its mouth, Germ sU- pias five-celled, cells two-seeded, attachment subsupe- - Berry five-seeded. Embryo i inverse, no pene “LS, indicum, Witla: 2. 556, nis Sandoricum. Rumph. Amb. 1. p. 167. ¢.64.0 * I a ei a a a Sandoricum. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA., 393 A most elegant tree, having a straight trunk, about ten or twelve feet in height, covered with smooth, greenish bark; the tree this measurement is taken from is in the Company’s Botanic garden at Calcutta, about twenty-four years old, eighty inches in circumference, four feet above the ground, supporting a large, globular, dense head ; it flowers in February, and the fruit ripens in the rainy sea- son. ae Leaves alternate, petioled, ternate, about a foot long. Leaflets ovate, entire, having the upper side smooth, ex- cept when young, and the lower one downy, the veins pa- rallel, from five to seven inches long, and from three to four broad. Petioles round, when young downy. Stipules none. Panicles axillary, diffuse, shorter than the leaves, Bractes oblong. Flowers numerous, small, yellow. Calyx beneath, campanulate, five-parted; divisions rounded,dow- ny. Petals five, linear-oblong, expanding. Nectary dou- ble ; the exterior one cylindric, with a ten-toothed mouth ; the interior one is one-fourth the length of the exterior one, enveloping the germ and base of the style, with its mouth about ten-toothed. Filaments none. Anthers ten, linear, affixed to the inside of the exterior nectary. Germ supe- ‘tior, five-celled, with two ovula in each, attached to the upper end of the axis. Berry nearly round, size of a small orange, slightly villous, when ripe yellow ; pulp in _ large quantity, fleshy, acid, and edible, five-celled, but the partitions are often incomplete, when the seeds come to maturity. Seeds one in each cell, oblong, each enveloped in its own proper aril, as in the guttifere ; aril replete with tough woolly fibres, which adhere firmly to the exte- rior, tough, parchment like integument ; the inner integu- ment brown, polished and spongy; attachment from the upper and inner edge to the upper end of the axis, as in the germ. Perisperm none. Embryo straight, inverse. — Cotyledons two, conform to the seed, ents over 2 _ Radicle short, clavate, papier. bs: BOE 394 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. _ Melia, MELIA. Schreb. gen. n. 724. Calyx five-toothed. Corol five-petalled. Nectary cy- lindric, bearing the anthers in its mouth. Germ superior, five-celled; cells from one to two seeded ; attachment sub- superior, Drupe with from a one-to a five-celled nut, Seed solitary. Embryo inverse, with little or no perisperm, 1. M. azadiracta, Willd. 2. 559. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets falcate. Drupe one seeded. — Sans. Nimba. Teling. Vepa. Beng. Neem, or Nimb, Tam Vepam. Azedarach. Burm. Zeyl. 40. €. 15. Aria-bepou. Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 52. A middling sized, very common, beautiful, and very useful tree. Flowering time the hot season. It differs from all the other species known to me in having a one- celled, one-seeded nut, though the germ has ats five-cells, with one or two ovu/a in each, ah 2. M. tomentosa. R. , wit Leaves pinnate ; leaflets ten paired, entire. ThryseS’ axillary, solitary, long peduncled, simple. jist Mal. Barang babee. + oye A native of Pulo Pinang, where it grows to be a large - Leaves alternate, pinnate, six feet, or more in length- Leaflets opposite, ten or more pairs, subsessile, lanceo- late, entire, fine-pointed, of a firm, leathery texture, Fe- ticulated, and very downy underneath; exterior pails largest, often a foot in length. Petioles round, very ' downy. Stipules none, Racemes axillary, solitary, long- peduncled, thyrsiform, compound. Flowers pretty large, _ Very numerous, crowded. Bractes subulate, dow?y+ ee Melia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 395 Calyx cup-shaped, almost entire, downy. Petals five, wedge-shaped, expanding. Nectary cylindric, nearly the length of the petals, the ten divisions of its mouth linear, and ragged on the inside ; exceedingly hairy. Sta- mens as in the genus. Germ ovate, hairy. Style as long as the nectary, hairy. Stigma globular. The ripe fruit has not been found, but the germ has five cells, with one seed in each. 3. M. sempervirens. Willd. 2 559. Leaves bipinnate ; leaflets ovate cordate, gashed, with taper, entire apices, smooth on both sides but not shin- ing. Melia foliis Guplinata’pinnstis.” Flor, Zeyl. 162. Sans. Muha-nimba. | - Hind. Bakarja- Arab. Ban. | vee danse BE ce Teling. Turka-vepa. : Rises “A native of Persia, now common CrBuguout India. Plants reared in the Botanic garden at Calcutta from seed received from the West Indies, did not in any res- pect differ from our own Asiatic sort. It blossoms the greater part of the year in our gardens, and is perfectly distinct from Azedarak which is a robust, deciduous timber tree, and this a small, delicate,ever Jew’ of short duration, suman with the other. si 4. M. azedarak. Willd. 2. 558. Leaves bipinnate; leaflets obliquely ovate-lanceolate, serrate, taper-pointed, ofa deep shining green, — Shum-shu of the Chinese at Canton. Melia azadiracta. Gert. sem. 2p. 474 t. 189. I. 9. : A native of China, &c. In the Botanic garden at Cal... Ps cutta it flowers during the hot season, thrives Juxuriant-, ly. and quickly becomes a large useful timber tree, of vex ae a a2 i ee 896 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Melia. great beauty. Its flowers are like those of the Lilac, and are sweetly fragrant. iy, 5. M. superba. R. Leaves. bi-tripinnate; leaflets ovate-cordate, wiiilias acuminate, lucid. Drupe ovate ; nut perforated at a ends, A native of Soonda, where Dr. Berry found it, a forest tree of immense size. In the Botanic garden at Calcutta where it has been raised from the seed, sent by Dr, B. it has, in six years from the time the seed was sown, at- tained the height of forty or fifty feet, with a most state- ly trunk, of about four feet in circumference, at four feet above ground. Flowering time February and March, and the seed ripens in December and January. Trunk nearly straight. Bark dark brown, dotted with small white specks. Branches generally trichotomous, their bark like that: of the trunk. Young shoots mealy. Leaves alternate, in luxuriant young trees tripinnate, when older generally bipinnate ; from two to fuur feet long, (in M. robusta they are only from twelve to eighteen inches long). Pinne from three to six pair, opposite. Pinnule ternate. Leaflets from three to seven pair to each pinna, generally opposite, petiolated, cordate, and ovate-cordate, crenate, smooth, acuminate; from three to five inches long. Petioles round, while young mealy, P. anicles axillary,-and lateral, round the base of the present annU- al shoots, large, ascending, very ramous, and of an ovate form, while young mealy. Flowers numerous, small, of a dull white, and offensive smell. Bractes small, lanceolate, nearly caducous, Calyx five-leaved ; leaflets ovate-lan- i incurved,mealy, Petals tient concave, recury-_ . Nectary subcylindric, rather gibbous at the base, pater hairy on the inside ; the ten teeth of its mouth divided into three, four, or five short, subulate segments. po Germ five-celled, with two seeds i in each, attached as : Ge te ee. + Melia. - DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, | 897 _their upper and inner angle, to the axis. Style cylindric. Stigma large, with a five-toothed apex. Drupe ovate, the size of a pigeon’s egg, smooth, fleshy, when ripe yellow. Nut oblong, perforated at both ends ; apex five-toothed round the perforation, five-celled. Seeds solitary, lanceo- lar, attached from the apex. Perisperm in small quantity. Embryo straight, inverse, pale green. Colyledons lan- ceolate. Radicle oval, superior. 6. M. robusta, R. Leaves bipinnate ; leaflets obliquely ovate, polished, entire, or with the anterior margins crenulate, acuminate. Panicles axillary. Drupes. ovate. Nut with a quinque- dentate apex. A large tree, a native of Malabar, and introduced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta by Dr. Berry, where in seven years the trunk of the largest tree was forty-four inches i in circumference, four feet above ground, and the total height forty-six feet. Flowering time March and April. ~The seed ripens-in December. Trunk very straight. Bark clean, smooth, dark brown. Branches large, not very numerous, but spread- ing considerably, their bark like that of the trunk, with Some light grey, scabrous specks. | Young shoots dow- ny, with minute stellate pubescence. Leaves alter- nate, unequally bipinnate, from twelve to eighteen inch- éslong. Pinne about three pair. Leaflets three, five, Seven, or nine on each pinna, the pairs obliquely-ovate, and oblong; the terminal one biform, all are smooth, or rather polished, entire, or crenulate, acuminate, from two to three inches long. Panicles axillary, scarcely half the length of the leaves. | Flowers numerous, small, White, inodorous. Bractes, below the ramifications of the panicle, solitary, filiform, and often yery long. Calyx j five-leaved ; leaflets ovate-oblong. Petals linear-lan- _ ceolar, recuryate, ‘Nectary gibbous at the base; seg- ‘Ments of its mouth minute and filiform. Filaments * 398 _DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Swietenia. none, Anthers sessile, round the inside of the mouth ofthe nectary. Germ ovate, five-celled, with two seeds in each, attached from their apex to the aril. Style the length of the nectary. Stigma large, with a five-point- ed apex. Drupe ovate, the size of a large olive, smooth, of a yellowish green within, when ripe, one-celled. | Nut oblong, a perforation at each end, which passes through the centre ; apex deeply five-toothed, thick and hard, five- celled, five-valved, for by age and exposure they divide spontaneously. Seed solitary, lanceolar. Integuments two ; the exterior one highly polished, black; the inner one membranaceous. Perisperm none. Embryo inverse. Cotyledons lanceolar, Plumzla two-lobed. Radicle short, superior. , SWIETENIA. Schreb. gen. n. 723. Calyx five-toothed. Cuvrol five-petalled. Nectary ith! cylindric, bearing the anthers in its mouth. Germ supe rior, from three to five-celled ; cells:many-seeded ; attach- ment interior. | Capsule from three to five-celled, from three to five-valved. Seeds imbricated, and winged. Ee: bryo inverse, no perisperm. 1. S. febrifuga. Willd. 2. 557. R-_ Corom, pl. 18. t. 1% Leaflets from three to four pair, opposite, oval, and ob- long, obtuse. Panicle terminal, diffuse. Capsules a, celled, opening from the apex. | Teling. Soymida,. - Beng. Rohina. - Tam. Wond-marum. - _ A native of the mountains of India. It flowers during the hot season. The bark is a powerful febrifuge, and am excellent substitute for Peruvian bark, which was one of Sir William Jones’s desiderata ; see pape capa — a 180. fa Swietenia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 399 _ 2.8. Chickrassa. R., _ Leaflets from six to eight-pair, sub-alternate, oblique- ly oblong, pointed. Pauicles terminal, diffuse. Capsules three-celled. Beng. Chikrassee. A native of the mountainous parts near Chittagong, &c. to the eastward of Bengal. Flowering time the hot sea- son, viz. April,and May. Itisa timber tree of great size, with a thick, strai-ht trunk, and dark rust-coloured bark, which is pretty deeply cracked, but inwardly very firm and of a pretty deep reddish brown colour, whichis pow- erfully astringent, but without bitterness. Leaves alternate, abruptly-pinnate, in luxuriant plants often bipinnate, from six to eighteen inches long. Leaf- lets subopposite, from two to ten pair, subsessile, ob- liquely-ovate ; with a pretty long tapering point, entire, smooth on both sides, increasing in size towards the apex of the leaf. -Petioles round, with here and there a small scabrous speck. Stipules none.. Panicles terminal, erect, pretty large. Flowers numerous, pretty large. Bractes small. Calyx inferior, small, five-parted, the divisions ex- panding, linear, wedge-formed, slightly emarginate. Nec- tary nine-leaved, subcylindric, rather shorter than the pe- tals, striated ; mouth most slightly ten-toothed, Filaments Minute, inserted into the top of the toothlets of the necta- Ty, Anthers cordate. Germ oblong, striated, a little hairy. Style just long enough to raise the large peltate. Stigma €ven with the mouth of the nectary. Capsule oval, some- What pointed, scabrous, the size of a small pullet’s egg, three-celled, three-valved, with double integuments, anda three-winged receptacle, | Sceds numerous, winged and imbricated in a double series across the cells. The wood of this tree is greatly admired for its beauty, being of alight colour, and most elegantly veined ; at’ the Same time very close in the grain- Itisemployed to” make furniture of various kinds, Tt coal BS Se, : ‘z & oe 400 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Tribulus, 3. S. chloroxylon. Willd. 2. 557. R. Corom. pl. p. 49. t. 64. _ Leaflets alternate, from ten to twenty-paired, semicor- date, oblong. Nectary a fleshy ring, with the stamina in- serted round its base. Panicles terminal. Capsules three- celled. Teling. Billoo. — Cing. Boorootch gata. Tam. Moodudad-marum. ‘This is our beautiful East Indian, satin wood tree, which grows in mountainous districts chiefly, and bles soms during the hot season. GARUGA. (R.) Calyx campanulate, five-toothed. Corol five-petalled inserted into the mouth of the calyx, alternate with five stamina, and just above the other five. Germ superior, five-celled; cells two-seeded; attachment subsuperior. Stigina five-lobed. Drupe with from one to five one-seed- ed nuts, Embryo inverse, no perisperm. | G. pinnata. R, Ind. pl.3.N. 208, - Teling. Garuga, or Garugoo, Katou-Kalesjam. Rheed. Mal. 4. t.33. - Beng. Joom. A tree of great size, a native of various parts of India. It flowers during the hot season. The fruit is eaten by | the natives, both raw and pickled. “ TRIBULUS. Schreb. gen. Nn. 732. iH _ Calys five-leaved, or five-parted. Corol svespetalled: Style none. Germ five-celled ; cells about three or four seeded ; attachment central. Capsules or nuts supt five or more united, thorny, many-celled, — on ! ed. Embryo centripetal, — perisperm. — a * Jussieua. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. " 401 T. lanuginosus, Willd. 2. 566. » Prostrate amongst grass, &c. Leaves about aoe oval, hairy. Nuts two-horned. T. terrestris zeylanicus, Burm. zeyl. ‘1, 106, fi. Sans. Gokshooruka. Beng. Gokhoor or Gokhooree. Common on pasture land in many parts of India, pro- ducing flowers and ripe seed great part of the year, JUSSIEUA. Schreb. gen. n. 741. Calyx from four to five-parted. Corol from four to _ five-petalled. Capsule inferior, from four to five-celled, Opening at the nuelos, eee numerous, 1. J. repens. Wina. 2. 574, _ Annual ; floating by vescicles round the insertion 1 of the alternate, obovate-cuneate leaves. Flowers axillary, five- petalled, decandrous. ‘Nir-carambu. Rheed. Mal. 2. t. 51. Sans. Bhooluvungga, also Langulee. Teling. Neer batsalla. Hind. Kanchana. Beng. Kesara-dam. It is found in most parts of India, floating on lakes, and pools of fresh water ; in flower during the oe sea- . 80n, OR, J. exaltata. R. Perennial, erect. Leaves alternate, sessile, narrow, lanceolate, downy. Flowers solitary, four-petalled, oc- tandrous. Capsule nearly as long as the leaves. Catta-carambu. Rheed. Mal. 2. 1. 50. Beng. Bun-lung, or Lal-bun-lung. - Teling. Ronee: ~ 402 _ ‘DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Melastoma, This species is perennial, it delights in moist. places overgrown with small jungle.- Flowering time the wet season, ae Stem erect, when old woody. Young parts slightly four-sided, and downy. Leaves alternate, sessile, lineat- lanceolate, entire, downy, from two to four inches long. Stipules: minute, semilanceolate. ..Peduncles axillary, solitary, very short, one-flowered. Calyx four-cleft, Pe- tals four, orbicular, clawed, Stamens eight, erect. Cap- sule four-celled. a MELASTOMA. Schreb. gen. n. 742. Calyx campanulate, five-toothed. Corol five-petalled, _ inserted into the mouth of the calyx. Germ five-celled; cells many seeded ; attachment to a cuneiform recepta- cle projecting from the axis. Capsules five-celled, in- volved in the calyx. Seeds numerous. _ Note. All the species examined by me, have the seeds regularly attached to a cuneiform semilunar, receptacle in each cell, vertically ’united to the axis, as in Osbecki@ hirta Gert. sem. 2. t. 126. I make this remark becaus¢ Geertner describes them to be nidulent ; his seed vessels may have been old, and the receptaclesdecayed. » — 1. M. ferruginea, R. eit Shrubby, all. the tender parts, except the upper sur: face of the short-petioled, ovate-cordate, acuminate, &® - tire leaves, covered with ferruginous, stellate pubescence Panicles terminal. Flowers octandrous... Calyx Wi ample, obtusely four-lobed borders. igi? fel ‘ is A native of Pulo Pinang, 2. M. cxinita, Rk | | | | 132 “ital 4 Shrubby, all the tender sonia t very ey Leaves PO" ; tioled, lanceolate, from three to five nerved, entires Pt ‘Melastoma. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.- 403 nicles terminal ; flowers octandrous ; border of the calyx eight-parted ; segments ensiform, four of them minute, all ciliate. A native of the most moist, and shaded parts of the rocky coast of Chittagong where it blossoms in April and May. It is remarkable for its great quantity of long, dis- tinct, appressed, pale coloured hair, and large beautiful red flowers. 3. M. pulchella. R. Shrabby. Leaves short-petioled, lanceolate, entire ; . margins and nerves with a few appressed bristles, Pa- nicles terminal; bractes cordate, bristle-ciliate. Flow- ers octandrous, in the bud, bristle-ciliate, and ramentace- ous. A native of Chittagong. 4, M. geniculata. R. Shrubby. Leaves subsessile, lanceolar, entire, sca- brous, bristly, with three strigose nerves. Flowers ter- Ihinal, triple, octandrous, alternate, filament jointed. A large ramous shrub, a native of many parts of In- dia, gciab Bark of the old branches pretty smooth, of the young very strigose; all round. . Leaves opposite, short-pe- tioled, lanceolar, entire, three-nerved, scabrous on’ both. sides, not only from numerous, short, bristly hairs point- ing forward, but also from a natural harshness ; the under Side of the nerves, and petioles strigose.. Flowers termi-; nal, generally three-fold, short-peduncled. | Peduncles Very strigose. Bractes solitary, or in pairs to each flow- €ts, ovate-concave, and falling off with, or soon after the petals, leaving the tube of the calyx for an envelope to the capsule. Calyx four-parted, very strigose; divisions — cordate, acute. _Corol four-petalled. Filameniaalier- ; Y yi” ra . 404 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Melastoma. nately enlarged with.a second curved joint. Anthers te~ curved, linear, Capsule four-celled. 5. M. cernua. I. R. Scandent, Leaves ovate-lanceolate, five-nerved,smooth. Panicles terminal, long, thin, drooping, with the rane cations four-winged. Flowers octandrous. A native of Chittagong. It flowers in October bie November ; and the seed ripens in February, and March. The leaves in this elegant large rambling species that — occupy all but the base of the panicle are rather long- petioled, remarkably large, often a foot long, and from three to four inches broad ; with the nerves ‘particularly large and distinct to the very apex ; those close to the panicles are sessile, and very exactly cordate; the pa- nicles are also uncommonly long, as far as two feet, oF more, and droop elegantly when loaded with its profusi- on of middling sized, bright red flowers. 6. M. vagans. R. Scandent. Leaves ovate-cordate, bristle-serrulate, acu- minate, three or five-nerved ; petioles and nerves hairy. Panicles terminal, large ina decussated, flowers octan- drous. Beng. Juy-phutkee, An extensive, beautiful scandent shrubby species, @ native of the hilly countries immediately east of Be where its numerous, small, bright red flowers appear in” October, and the seed ripens during the ensuing hot sea~ son. ‘The young shoots, petioles, and nerves of the leaves” are the only hairy parts, and but in a small degree, all the rest are smooth ; the leaves are large, about six inches tees and three broad. ve M. senate ‘Te , Smooth in every part. “Leaves vil pean 4 ovate ayia Melastoma. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA,. 406 cordate, entire, threé-:nerved, (beside the marginal rib.) Panicles terminal, divaricate.' Flowers octandrous. Ca- lyx subcylindric, with the mouth obscurely four-toothed. Capsule hid in the bottom of the calyx. _A native of the Moluccas. The flowers in this pretty, smooth species, are uncommonly small, with the oval pe- tals shorter than the filaments, which are all simple, and shorter than their anthers. 8. M. cordifolia. R. Scandent, every part smooth, Leaves short-petioled, cordate, entire. Panicles terminal. Flowers octandrous, Petals ovate. Calyx with an ‘aida oe neeneeer: border... A native of Chittagong and Pulo eon 9. M. saibbathriba. Willd. 2, 592. Shrubby, tender parts strigose. Leaves entire, broad- lanceolar, from three to five-nerved, scabrous, with ap- pressed, short, sharp, flat bristles. Flowers terminal, and surrounded with ovate-cordate bractes, divisions s the calyx cordate, acute. | - Kadali. Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 42. A large shrub, or small tree, a native of our Circar mountains, Chittagong, &c. It flowersin March. _ - Leaves opposite, sbort-petioled, broad lanceolar, from three tu five-nerved, entire, scabrous, particularly above ; about four and a half inches long, and one and a half or two broad... Flowers terminal, short-peduncled, large, red. . Calyx 4nd Corol as in the genus. Filaments ten, yellow, five are short, tapering, ending in a crescent-shap- ed gland, in which the anthers sit ; five others are alter- hate with those five, double their length, have a bend, With a crescent-shaped process on their middle. Anthers , erect. Germ hairy, five-celled, with numerous ovula in each cell, attached to their semi-ovate une 405 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Melastoma. receptacles, which adhere vertically to the axis, as repre- — sented in Osbeckia hirta. Gert. sem. 2. t. 126. 10. M. decemfida. R. Shrubby. Leaves petioled, lanceolar, three or five- nerved, entire, smooth, except a few bristles on the nerves, Flowers terminal, decandrous. Calyx ten-cleft, and very shaggy, with long stiff hairs. A native of hills on Pulo Pinang, in flower and sed : in July and August. 11. M. curva. R. 4 Shrubby ; all the tender parts strigose, Leaves petio- led, ovate-cordate, from five to seven-nerved, finely sel tulate. Panicles terminal, corymbiform, supradecom- pound. Flowers decandrous. Petals cordate, ciliate. A native of Chittagong. et 12. M. furcata. R. Shrubby, tender parts a little bristly. Leaves short petioled, oblong, three-nerved, entire. Flowers terminal, long-pedicelled, decandrous. Calyx covered with bifid aioe, the segments of its border subulate, and decida-, “ous. » A native of the Moluccas, a slender, delicate species _ 13. M. dodecandra. R. _ All the tender parts more covered with bristles than : : ‘the lanceolate, entire, three-nerved leaves are. Flowers in terminal fascicles, dodecandrous, twelve segments of the very bristly calyx deciduous. ene alternately doubled. . A native of the Moluccas, and by far the tanjest-flow- ered species I have yet met with; when full plown they expand from four to’ ioe inches, The - cee only five cells, Gastonia. .. DECANDRIA:. MONOGYNIA. 407 GASTONIA. Juss. gen. n. 242. Calyx obscurely from eight to ten-toothed. Petals from eight to ten. Germ inferior, from eight to ten-cell- ed ; cells one-seeded ; attachment superior. Stigma from eight to ten-rayed. Capsule evalvular, from eight to ten-celled. Seed solitary. Embryo inverse, and furnish. ed with a perisperm. ‘¢ 1. G. palmata, R. Sub-arboreous, armed. Leaves palmate, serrate ; pe- tioles armed. , An erect, stout shrub, or small tree; every part well armed with numerous, short, straight prickles. A native of the moist vallies of Chittagong, where it blossoms in January and February, and the seeds pen in May % and June. : Stem, in luxuriant plants in the Botanic garden at Calcutta now three years old, straight, nearly simple, about as thick as our largest walking canes, from six to seven feet high, completely armed with numerous, small, straight and incurved prickles, toward the leaves, round, ‘the top intermixed with appressed, feruginous, stiff bristles. Branches only two or three from the lower parts of the stem, where it is thicker, and more ligneous, in every respect like the stem. Full grown trees in their native vallies, are from ten to twelve feet high, With stems twelve inches in circumference, bearing only _ afew branches at the top. The /eaves round the top of the stem and branches are nearly round, alternate, ap- proximate, petioled, palmate; from five to nine-lobed, from five to nine-nerved, of a hard texture, the upper sur- face pretty smooth,the under one rather rough ; lobes lan- ceolate, acuminate, acutely serrate; sinuses round ; the length and breadth from twelve to thir yas inches. ~* 408 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Gastonia. Petioles often as long as the leaves; base somewhat sheathing with one bidentate, acute, stipulary process on the inside ; from thence to the thickened incurved apex columnar, and armed with small prickles; which are more numerous about the apex, and ramentaceous, Pa- nicles axillary and terminal, composed of a few, long-pe- duncled, simple wmbellets; the whole much shorter than the leaves. Involucres a few, ensiform, feruginous scales. Bractes solitary at the division of the panicles, sheathing, tapering, acute, feruginous. Flowers numer ous, pretty large, white. Calyx superior, small, with a sub- truncate margin, being only obscurely marked with from eight to ten denticles, clothed on the outside with meally feruginous down. Petals from eight to ten, generally ten, lanceolate, spreading. Filaments from eight to ten, gene- rally ten, alternate with the petals, and about the same length, or rather longer. Anthers of two very distinct linear-oblong lobes, which separate more at the base Germ turbinate, from eight to ten-celled, with one ovula in each cell, attached to the top of the axis, Style short, conic, from eight to ten grooved, permanent. Stigma con- cave, with its margin marked with as many elevations, as there are cells in the germ, Berry or capsule, nearly round,crowned with the remaining calyx, the size of a nut- meg, somewhat mealy, thin, and of a soft ligneous tex- ture, from eight to ten-celled, evalvular (never, by a0Y mode yet observed, opening spontaneously.) Seed soli- tary, conform to the cell, consequently very thin, parti- cularly the inner edge. Perisperm conform to the Embryo inverse. Cotyledons two, lanceolate. Radlicle optong, ett: oe cad ~ 2.G. sasiiro oides, R. Unarmed. Leaves simple, A native of the Moluccas, and nearly allied to Rom phius’s Sasuru or Pseudo-sandalum, vol. 2. ¢, 12. Here’ ethe “* a | ae Lal Rhododendron. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA: 409. umbelets are decompound ; the first rays numerous’; the. second dichotomous; and the third many-fold, and short. * RHODODENDRON. Calyx five-parted. | Corol infunbuliform. Stamina de- clined, Capsule five-celled. OL. R. puniceum. R. Arboreous, Leaves lanceolar, coriaceous, hoary un- derneath. .Racemes terminal. Bractes ensiform, serice- ous. Corol campanulate ; segments retuse. aan ten-. celled, . ce eet ' Boorans. Hardw. in Trans, Raid: Soc. 6. 359. _A large tree, a native of the mountains north of Rohil- khund, &e. It flowers in April and ‘May. Trunk Soom twenty to thirty feet high, in large trees about two feet in diameter. Bark suberous, light, scaling off in irregular pieces, of an inch in thickness, and com- posed of numerous, reddish cinnamon-coloured lamina of about half a line in thickness ; the exterior one of a burnt- brown. Branches numerous, very crooked, Leaves al- temate, about the ends of the branchlets, short-petioled, lanceolate, entire, coriaceous ; smooth above, hoary un- derneath ; about six inches long, Stipulesnone. Germs terminal, imbricated. Racemes terminal, sessile, subglo- bular, much shorter than the leaves, crowded with large, beautiful, deep crimson flowers. Bractes; exterior, before the flowers expand, imbricated, strobiliform ; large, of a ‘shape from oval to cuneiform, solitary, one-flowered cloth- edon the outside with much, long, beautiful, sericeons, pale yellow pubescence ; the inferior two, filiform, inserted on Opposite sides of the pedicells near the base, Calyx small, unequally five-toothed. Corol campanulate, somewhat oblique. Border of five, nearly equal, broad, retuse seg ‘Ments, the undermost one more highly coho ‘if pos. Za 410 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Rhododendron. sible, and rather the largest. Filaments ten, shorter than the corol, unequal, declining. Anthers open with two pores at the top. Germ superior, ovate-oblong, serice- ous, ten-grooved, ten-celled. Style longer than the sta- mina, curved. Stigma large, infundibuliform, with a ten- notched margin. Capsule linear-oblong, pretty smooth, and void of pubescence, ten-celled, ten-valved. Recep- tacles very thin, vertically attached to the axis, and pro- jecting far into the valves. Seeds numerous, minute, somewhat winged. Colonel Hardwicke informs us that the wood is in es- timation among the natives, for making gun stocks, one stocks of their match-lock pieces. cil To introduce this beautiful tree in the Botanic garden at Calcutta, many attempts have in vain been made; ‘the seeds are exceedingly minute, and have always proved abortive. Dr. Rutherford, of Mooradabad, who has just sett me seed and specimens, writes that he had at last pene trated to the second range of Hills in the neighbourhood of Chipea, and there had an opportunity of seeing this most lovely of all trees in its glory, and says, “ 02 the “leaves of the accompanying specimens, you will observe “a substance encrusted like sugar, or honey. [was “much struck with this appearance, for the trees td “which it was first observed, glistened in the sun asi “they had been just moistened with rain, and my sut- “prise was not a little encreased when I discov “ that this substance was sweet as the most delicious ho- ‘“‘ney, It existed in various degrees of density, from “ thinest varnish, to a crust of several lines in thickness + “while from some leaves it hung in drops, that wer? “sometimes soft and pellucid, at others opaque and s- _ “iid like candied sugar ; what is remarkable, the’ south- “ern face of the trees only presented this appearance, — “nor was’ it observed’ = but those at the very sum Feronia, DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 411 ‘mit of the mountain. To us, parched with thirst, and “exhausted with fatigue it proved extremely grateful ; “though afterwards, a somewhat different feeling was “excited. On discovering that the underside of the “leaves was covered with thousands of insects, of a faint “green colour, and so minute as to be barely distin- “euishable by the naked eye, at first I supposed that the “honied substance must have been a formation of these “insects ; but I was afterwards able to correct this no- “tion, by observing that some of the stems and branch- “es, which were hoary with lichens, were likewise cover- “ed with it, though no traces of the insects could be'ob-. “served. The nectaries of the flowers were plentifally “ supplied with ret ; but i in them it was fluid, and tran- ——— as water,” FERONIA. Correa in Trans. of Linn. Soc. 5, 224. _ Calyx from four to five-toothed. Corol from four to five-petalled. Germ superior, one-celled; ovula numer- ous, attached to five parietal receptacles. Berry spheri- cal, covered with a hard cortex, one-celled. Seeds nu- merous, immersed in pulp. Embryo vaga without peris- perm, “tak. "Bi ccm Willd. 4. 973. R. Corom. pe 2N, Ut. , eeiuless vallanga, Kon. Mss ss. “et some writen balanga, ‘or balangas. Capittha. Asiat. Res. 4. p. 230. Anisifolius. Rumph. Amb, 2. t, 43. Beng. Kath-bel. - Teling. Yellanga. | hs ete Wns 8 Vola-maram.. ey 412 _ » DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ceratostema, A large tree, yielding very hard, durable timber, found in most parts of India. | Flowering time the beginning of the hot season. The germ is one-celled, containing numerous ovula attached to five parietal receptacles, The fruit edible, and much esteemed by many. ~ARBUTUS. Schreb. gen. n. 750. - Calyx five-parted. Corol ovate, diaphanous at the base. ob superior, five-celled. A. herpetica. C. ri Arboreous. Leaves ovate, entire, pointed. Racemes terminal, drooping. Berries many-seeded. i ’ Found by Colonel Hardwicke, amongst the mountains on his tour to Sirinagur. See Asiat. Res. vol. 6. p. 360- CERATOSTEMA. Juss... a 33 Reign five-parted. Corol tubular, subcylindric ; mouth five-cleft... Anthers long-horned. Germ inferior, five-cell- ed; cells many-seeded ; attachment central. Berry five- celled, many-seeded. | Embryo ——— and a ed with a perisperm. 1. C. vaccinacea. R. Shrabby. . Leaves subverticelled, narrow-lanceolar, $¢ rate. Racemes axillary, the length of the leaves. _ An elegant, very ramous shrub, a native of the Garrow hills, where it is called Kesaproom, the flowers have 4” acid taste, and are eaten by the natives in their curries. Hieeesing time April; the seed ripens in July. Branches and branchlets numerous, and very erect : ; the young twigs rough with the withered permanent sti- a pule, like ensiform scales; general height of the shrub ae _ about six feet, Leaves tending tobe verticalled, s0b6° . a ‘ Ceratosfema. DECANDRIA’ MONOGYNIA. 413 sile,narrow-lanceolar, serrate, acute, smooth, three inches long, and half aninch broad. Racemes axillary, the length of the leaves. Flowers numerous, drooping from the ex- _ terior side of the raceme, small, white, tinged with green. Bractes two, small, on each pedicel near the base. . Ca- lyx superior, five-toothed, permanent. The base is join- ed to the enlarged apex of the pedicel by a contracted articulation. Corol tubular. Tube considerably gibbous. Mouth five-toothed, and contracted. Filaments ten, in- serted on the base of the tube of the corol. Anthers li- near, ending in a linear, brown scariose flat arista, as long as the anthers themselves, the whole shut up with- in the corol. Germ inferior, five-celled, with two ver- tical rows of ovula in each, attached to the axis. Style the length of the corol. Stigma five-lobed. Berries inferi- or, globular, succulent, the size of a small pea, smooth, of a greenish-yellow when ripe, five-celled. Seeds many in each cell, oblong, rugose. Perisperm soft, and white, Embryo straight, cylindric, green, nearly as long as the perisperm. Cotyledons oblong. — Radicle cylindric, the length of the cotyledons, centripetal. 2. C. variegata, R. Shrubby. Leaves lanceolar, entire. Racemes axillary, few-flowered, drooping. . ir Beng. Jalamoot- iy ordi : - A stout shrubby plant, a native ia mountain pe near Chittagong, Silhet, and on the Garrow hills, where it blossoms during the cool season, when its numerous, most beautiful, large, variegated, rosy flowers are — ornamental ; the seed ripens in July. Branches thick, ligneous, and of a stunted appearance, covered with rough, ash-coloured bark. Young shoots Smooth, and coloured. Leaves alternately crowded about the ends of the branchlets, subsessile, lanceolar, entire, firm and smooth ; from five to six inches long, andone — 414 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Styrax, and a half or two broad. Stipules none. Peduncles axil- lary, but chiefly from the old axils on the two to three year old branches, solitary, or in pairs, very short, from five to twenty flowered, smooth. | Pedicels much long- er than the peduncles, smooth, clavate, highly coloured, pendulous, having the apex enlarged into a saucer-shap- ed receptacle for the germ. Flowers large, (two inches long,) pendulous, of a variegated pink and_ red colour, with the mouth greenish. Bractes some triangular scales at the base and divisions of the peduncle. Calyx supe- rior, five-parted. Segments smooth, conical, and acute. Corol one-petalled. Tube considerably gibbous toward the middle; the shades of colour appear imbricated, and acuminate ; mouth five-cleft; segments taper, rather ob- tuse, and greenish. Filaments ten, short, scariose, some- times slightly united at the base, inserted partly on the crown of the germ, andthe base of the tube of the: corol on the inside. Anthers linear, of a bright rust colour, two celled, crowned with a very long, scariose, bright, gold coloured horn, which reaches to the mouth of the corol, and united their whole length into a tube round the style. Germ inferior, urn-shaped, five-celled, with many ovulain each, attached to the axis. Style the length of the corol. Stigma five-lobed. — Berries inferior, turbinate, crowned with the permanent calyx, the size ofa small cherry, SU& culent ; when ripe the colour is a mixture of red and yel- — low, five-celled. Seeds many, linear-oblong, inserted aS in the germ. Integument single. Perisperm conform to the seed, soft, and clammy. Embryo nearly straight, cy" lindric. Cotyledons two, Radicle ——— si at the umblicus (centripetal.) — Ol eases RAL: Kelech gru a: 0. cand Calyx five-toothed. Coro! one-petalled, cimuciel Germ superior, one-celled, many-seeded ; attachment it Styrax. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Al5 ' ferior. Drupe dry ; nut one or two-seeded, Embryo wate and furnished with a perisperm, . 1, S. serrulata. R. Leaves oblong, acuminate, serrulate, smooth. Racemes terminal, simple. ag: Beng. Koom-jameva. A small tree,a native of Chittagong, where it blossoms in March, and the seed ripens in October. - Branchilets alternate, the extreme tender parts only villous, with a little, minute, stellate pubescence. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, broad-ovate-lanceolate, serru- late, acuminate, while young somewhat villous under- neath, about three inches long, and from one to one and a half broad, Stipules none. Racemes terminal, generally on very short lateral branchlets, solitary, sim- ple, shorter than the leaves. Peduncles and pedicels villous. Flowers pretty large, alternate; besides those which occupy the racemes there are two, or three, on pretty long, recurvate, proper peduncles, in each of the exterior axills., Bractes subulate, villous. Calyx cam- panulate ; mouth repand-dentate, the outside and margins villous. Corol one-petalled. Tube short, cylindric. Bor- der six-cleft ; divisions lanceolate, villous on the out- : side. Filaments ten, inserted into the mouth of the tube of the corol, and there broad and woolly. Anthers li- near, erect. Germ superior, ovate, villous, one-celled, containing a number (from ten to fifteen) of seeds attached toa receptacle, which rises but little above the bottom of the cell, and is also in some measure attached to the sides ofthe germ by three partial partitions, in short, semi-trilocular. Style the length of the stamina, smooth. Stigma obscurely three-lobed. Drupe or capsule superi- or, ovate, the size of a small nutmeg, clothed with short, soft, grey, thin, and rather bristly, pubescence one-cell- ed, when ripe, slitting irregularly from the base, “into + 416 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Inocarpus, two, three, or four irregular portions. Nuts or seeds gene- rally from one to four, consequently their shape varies’ much, attached asin the germ. Integuments two; the ex-_ terior one somewhat nuciform, pretty smooth, dark brown, the inferior one membranaceous. Perisperm conform to the seed, of a firm texture, and dull whitish grey colonr, Embryo erect, nearly as long as the perisperm. Cotyle- dons ovate-lanceolate. Radicle oblong, inferior. _ 2. S. benjoin. Willd, 2.623. Dryand. in Phil. Trans. 7 308. f. 12. i Leaves alternate, oblong, tapering to an obtuse eile racemes (panicle,) axillary, compound, not villous, one- seeded. pes Benjamin, or Benzoin, Marsden’s Stimatra, p- 123. -Luban the Bengalee, and Arabic name. of the resin, though in fact this name ought to be applied to the resin of my Boswellia thurifera, which is the real olibanum oF Frankincense, of she ancients. iv Suis eer rs Galysx. bidentate. Corol infundibuliform } ‘cole Stamina ina double series from the tube, Germ superiors one-celled ; one-seeded; attachment superior. _ Drupé one-seeded, Embryo inverse; no perisperm. - @ A, edulis. Linn. suppl. 239, Gajanus. Rumph. Amb.1. p. 170. t..65.. bs A native of the Molucca Islands; and from thence i2- troduced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta in 1798, where in ten years the largest of them was twenty-five OF thirty feet high ; they blossom during the hot season, ow ripen their fruit in August and September. ._- ahs Trunk straight. Bark smooth ; ofa inane Branches spreading with numerous, bifarious, flexuoser . 7 o Inocarpus, - DECANDRIA MONOGYNTA. 417 beautifully drooping branchlets. Leaves alternate, bifa- rious, short-petioled, permanent, oblong, emarginate, en- tire, both sides polished, and of a deep shining green colour ; from six to twelve inches long, and abont three orfour broad. Stipules minute, caducous, Spikes axil- lary, sessile, solitary, or in pairs, much shorter than the leaves. In the Bengal plant smooth. Flowers numer- ous, small, very pale yellow, fragrant. Calyx bilabi- ate. Corol funnel-shaped. Border five-cleft ; segments lanceolate. Filaments ten, ina double series, hid in the tube, and inserted intoit. Anthers oval, those of the - upper series even with the mouth of the tube of the co- tol, Germ superior, oval, one-celled, containing one- seed, attached to the top of the cell, immediately under the stigma, for there is no style. | Drupe obliquely oval, the size of a goose’s egg, a little compressed laterally, smooth, when ripe yellow, and of a tough fibrous texture, one-celled, two-valved, opening round the margin into two equal portions. Nué solitary, thick, two-valved, Ohe-celled, and of a hard, tough fibrous consistence. ‘Seed single, conform to the nut, and attached to it imme- diately under the stigma. Integuments two, the exterior one brown, firmer and thicker than the inner one, and beau- tifully marked with numerous, ramous, veins ; the inner “One membranaceous. Perisperm none, Embryo inverse. Cotyledons two, conform to the seed, amygdaline. Pluie “mula, in seeds beginning to vegetate, it consists of several _imbricate scales. Radicle superior, cylindric, and lodged Immediately within the umbilicus, under the stigma, The rapid growth of this very beautiful, ever green tree, and the elegant shape of its spreading, dense crown of deep creen foliage, renders it one of the most ornamen- tal presents Bengal has got from the Molucca Islands. The kernel is certainly edible, but by no means palata- iil As yet re can s nothing of the quality of od ase < . Aaa 418 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Casearia, CASEARIA. Schreb. gen. n. 756. Calyx five-leaved. Corol none. Nectarial filaments eight, or ten, distinct, and alternate, with the same number of stamina. Germ superior, one-celled, many-seeded, at- tachment parietal. Capsule berried, three-valved, one- celled. Seeds nidulent. Embryo in some centripetal, in others centrifugal, and between those directions, witha perisperm. 1. C. vareca. R. | Shrubby. Leaves linear-oblong, and lanceolate, very finely serrulate. Flowers axillary, crowded, octandrous. Stamina and nectaries on the bowl of the one-leayed ¢a- lyx. Vareca. Gert. sem. 1. p. 290. t. 60. aa Tetahehera the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is indigenous ; it flowersin May, and the seed ripens in Sep- tember and October. Young shoots straight, rather 40- gular, and somewhat hairy. Leaves alternate, bifarious, short-petioled, linear-oblong, and lanceolate; very fine ly, and acutely serrulate, a little hairy underneath ; from three to six inches long, and from one to two broad. Sui- pules cordate, villous. Peduncles axillary, crowded, short, one flowered, the insertions embraced by many, s@@ scariose bractes. Flowers small, of a greenish grey colour. Calyx one-leaved,bowl-shaped,the border divided into fV° orbicular segments. Nectarial scales broad, short, hairy, inserted alternately with the filaments, into them! dle of the tube of the calyx. Filaments eight, short, slightly united to the nectarial scales. | Anthers cordate. Gem superior, ovate, one-celled, containing several ovula at a tached to three equi-distant portions of the middle of io the ovarium. Style short. Stigma capitate. Capsules* perior, oval, the size of a french bean, smooth, one-cele" Casearia. ‘ DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. “419 three-valved, opening from the apex ; the edge of the valves elevated. Seeds generally six, oblong, attached to the middle of the valves, enveloped in a little succulent aril, which dries into Geertner’s partial cells. Infeguments two ; the exterior one thin and white ; the interior one firmer and brownish, Perisperm conform to the seed, oily. Embryo green, shorter than the perisperm, straight. Cotyledons _ cordate. Radicle cylindric, centrifugal. 2. C. glomerata. R. Shrubby. Leaves bifarious, ovate-lanceolate, acutely serrulate, smooth. Flowers axillary ; peduncled, crowded, octandrous. Capsules berried, two-valved, five-seeded. Loorjoor the vernacular name ‘in Silhet where it is found indigenous in the forests. Flowering in December, and the seed ripening in March. Trunk short, dividing soon into many, nearly erect, smooth branches and branchlets. Leaves bifarious, short- petioled, from ovate to ovate-lanceolate, sharply serru- late, smooth on both sides, from two to four inches long, and one and a half broad. Stipules a brown downy scale, on each side of the insertion of theleaves. Flowers axil- lary, very numerous, small, ofa greenish-yellow, each with adistinct peduncle. Calyx five-leaved. Corol none. Nec- tary of eight hairy filaments, alternate with, and shorter than those of the stamina. Filaments eight, incurved. Anthers cordate. Germ superior, ovate, one-celled, con- taining a few, from four to six, ovula attached oppo- Sitely to the inside of the cell near the middle. Style rather shorter than the stamina. Stigma large, subpeltate. Capsule berried, oblong, fleshy, somewhat ventricose, the Size of a very’small olive, one-celled, two-valved. Seeds generally from three to six, attached in the germ, nearly tound, invested in a small portion ofa red, soft aril. In-— _ teguments two, the exterior one thin, ie ag Anaad e @ * 420. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Casearia. ment, and white ; the inferior one membranaceous. Pe- risperm conform to the seed. Embryo straight. Cotyle- dons two, cordate, green, Radicle directly opposite to the umbilicus, centripetal. 7 3. C. ovata. Willd. 2. 629. Arboreous. Leaves alternate, bifarious, ovate-oblong, serrulate. Flowers axillary, crowded, octandrous. Ca- lyx five-leaved, Stamens and nectaries distinct. Anavinga, Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 49. A pretty large tree, with an erect trunk, and numerous - spreading and drooping branches, and branchlets. Found | in the garden of Mr. Cowper on the banks of the Hoogly just below Calcutta, and was in full blossom in March, . the old leaves were then falling, and the new ones just be- . ginning to appear. Leaves alternate, bifarious, drooping, ovate-oblong, and . oblong. serrulate, downy underneath. Petioles short, round, villous, Stipules small, villous, caducous. Flowers — axillary, or from the old axills of the new leafless branch-- lets, much crowded into globular heads, small, of a pale | green, | Peduncles short, one-flowered, surrounded at their — insertions with numerous, short, chaffy, villous involucres; these, when the flowers are removed, form a round chatty » receptacle, like that of many of the syngenesious flower Calyx five-leaved ; leaflets ovate, villous.. Corol none. — Nectaries eight subclayate, ciliate. bodies, distinct from and alternate with the antheriferous filaments, and. about half their length, Filaments eight, subulate, rather shorter than the calyx. Anthers two-lobed, on the an-) thers or the filaments being touched, or otherways iataeis. She ted, they immediately expand and approach the base ' the stigma, by means of an articulation at the base ‘ of the filament, which admits of this motion. Germ above — Casearia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 421 ovate. Style the length of the stamens, villous. Stigma large, somewhat three-lobed. . The mature fruit has not been seen. 4. C. glabra. R. a Arboreous. Leaves bifarious, alternate, drooping, ovate-lanceolate, slightly and remotely serrulate, smooth. Flowers axillary, decandrous. Stamens and nectaries inserted distinctly from each other. Of this there is a single small tree in the Botanic gar- den at Calcutta, raised from seed from the Molucca Is- lands; it is in flower most part of the year, but never pro- duces: fruit, yet the flowers seem perfect hermaphrodites, The trees are now above ten years old, with a straight trunk, up through | the divergiug, or rather drooping branches to the very top of the little tree. 5. C. tomentosa. R. Leaves alternate, oblong, serrate, downy. Flowers axillary, octandrous. Stamina and nectaries united at the base. Teling. Gamgudoo. A small handsome tree, a native of most of the Circars, but not abundant. It flowers about the beginning of the hot season. Trunk erect. Branches spreading, horizontal ; bree. lets bifarious ; young shoots downy. Leaves alternate, | bifarious, short-petioled, ovate or oblong, serrate, dow- hy underneath ; from three to five inches long, and from One and a half to two anda half broad. Stipules small, downy. Peduncles axillary, many, short, one-flowered. Flowers small; downy, of a greenish yellow. Calyx five-cleft to the bottom ; segments oval, hairy. Nectary a Small flat ring surrounding the base of the germ ; from it — Projects eight, clubbed, hairy divisions. Filaments ——* 422 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Aquilaria. alternate with the divisions of the nectary and inserted into it; length of the calyx. Anthers oval. Capsule oblong, the size of anutmeg, fleshy, sulcated, three-valy- ed, one-célled. Seeds many, nestling ina scarlet nidus, 6. C. esculenta. R. _ Leaves alternate, oblong, entire, smooth. Flowers axillary, octandrous. Stamina and nectaries united at the base. 2 Tojeron kanneli. Rheed. Mal. 5. t. 50. seems to be this plant. Teling. Kunda-jungura. This I have found only amongst the Circar mountains; it is a large shrub, differing from the last in size, and in having the leaves and every part perfectly smooth and _ Shining ; in other respects they are the same. The leaves are eaten in stews by the natives. The roots are purgative, and as such used by the hill people- I have, without success, tried to extract a good colour from the red nidus of these plants, aii AQUILARIA. Schreb. gen. n. 1753. Calyx campanulate, five-cleft. Corol none. Nectary ten-leaved, alternate with the stamina. Germ superior, two-celled ; cells one-seeded ; attachment interior- sule uwnanelled, two-valved, Seed solitary. . apelin: im: verse, without perisperm. A. Agallocha, R. Leaves lanceolar. Umbels lateral, subsessile. Sans. Ugooroo the name of the incense, or Aloe ¥ Hind, and. Beng. Ugoor. . 5 salt CAA q Arab. Ayaloogi, Ayuloogin, Yellanjooj, &e. jie eee Hardwickia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, A423 Pers. Ayaloor-chee, Oud, or-Oud Hindee, Eng. Agallochum, or Aloe wood. An immense tree, a native of the mountainous tracts East and South East from Silhet, in about the latitude of twenty-four and twenty-five north. Flowering time the month of April ; the seed ripens in August, There can be little, or no doubt, that this is the tree which furnishes the real Calambac, or Agallochum of ‘the ancients, and there seems more reason to think that it was carried to China from our eastern fron- tier, than to suppose it was carried from Cochin China, or any other country in the vicinity of China, where it has.always been in greatdemand, Small quantities are ‘Sometimes imported into Calcutta by sea, from the east- ward ; but such is always deemed inferior to that of Silhet. Thriving plants of the Goro de Malacca re- ceived from that place, are now in the Botanic. garden and so exactly like plants of the same age and size of our species, that they cannot be distinguished. But for proof positive of their being the same, we must wait ‘till the Malacca plants blossom, and ripen their fruit, or till good specimens that can be depended on, in those states are obtained (and they are promised ;) till then we may be allowed to consider A. ovata, Willd, 2. 629. as another species of the same genus, HARDWICKIA. R Calyx none. Corol from four to fiye-petalled. Legume capsular, one-seeded. 1. H. binata. R. Leaves binate ; leaflets semicordate. Tam. Acha, alti-marum. This elegant tree is found indigenous on the moun- tains of the coast of Coromandel, where it — a ¥ 424 _ DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ~~ Hardwickia. large size, and yields timber of an excellent quality for a ' variety of uses. Trunk tolerably straight. Bark deeply eg Branch- es numerous, spreading in every direction, with bifarious, alternate, slender, smooth, waving, drooping branchlets. Leaves alternate, bifarious, petioled, binate, with a minute bristle between them. Leaflets sessile, of a shape be- tween semi-cordate and reniform, entire, very smooth on ‘both sides, while young tinged with red, slightly marked with three or four nerves, from one to three inches long, and a little more than half of that in breadth. _Petioles round, smooth, about one-fourth or one-third the length of the leaves. Stipules small, cordate, caducous. Pant- cles terminal, and from the exterior axils, small, delicate- ly slender, and smooth on every part. Flowers scatter- ed, slender, pedicelled, small. Bractes minute, caducous- Calyx none, except the corol be so called. Petals five, obovate, concave, spreading, somewhat hoary on the outside ; inside yellowish, rather longer than the stamens. Filaments ten, alternately shorter, inserted round the base of the germ, Anthers incumbent, ovate, with an a cute point between the lobes. Germ oblong. Style as- cending. Stigma large, peltate. Legume lanceolate, from two to three inches long, two-valved, striated length- ways, Opening at the apex. Seed solitary in the ape* of the legume, and there inserted, cuneate, furrowed 5 the posterior edge thin and somewhat membranaceous no aril, Some beautiful thriving young trees are in the Bota- nic garden at Calcutta, reared from seeds sent from the mountains of Coromandel by Dr. Berry of Madras, will soon enable us to know whether this tree produ- ces any thing like the medicinal balsam ( Copaiva) obtained from a tree which seems to be yery pearly. ed to it. y Nectandra. §DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 425 2. H. pinnata. R. Leaves alternately pinnate, A tree a native of Travancore ; the leaflets are about © five in number, alternate, obliquely ovate-oblong, entire, firm and lucid. NECTANDRA. Juss. gen. Calyx inferior, tubular, from four to five cleft. Corol none. Nectarial scales from eight to ten from the mouth of the tube of the calyx, alternate with the stamina. Germ one-celled, one-seeded. Berry dry, one-celled. Seed solitary. Embryo inverse without perisperm. N. decandra. R. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, entire. Nectarial squamz linear-clavate. ; Herenda is the vernacular name inSilhet, where it has been found on only one hill, in the centre of an extensive jungle growing on the ruins of an old Hindoo place of religious worship, where the largest were elegantly bushy shrubs; flowering time October, the seed ripens in Ja- nuary, February and March. Bark of the woody parts with small lighter coloured specks thickly scattered. Branchlets dichotomous, and much crowded. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, lanceolate, smooth, entire, finely veined ; from two to three inches. long, and Jess than one in brokiith: Floral leaves sessile and coloured, in other respects like the common green leaves. Peduncles terminal, pretty long, smooth and Slender, embraced generally above their base, by a pair of floral leaves, each bearing an erect umbellet of about six, pretty large, greenish white, fragrant flowers. Pedi- cells‘about as long as the flowers, and jointed a little be- low the middle ; no bract@. Calyx inferior, tubular, ‘with- : ering ; tube rather gibbous, hairy within ; border five- Bbb 426 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Quisqualis, cleft ; segments linear, and about as long as the tube. Co- ‘rol none, but there are ten clavate, abortive, filament- like bodies which originate from the mouth of the tube of the calyx, alternate with the true stamina. Filaments ten from the mouth of the tube of the calyx, twice as long as the nectarial clubs, and rather longer than the segments of the calyx. Anthers erect, ovate. Germ superior, ob- long, remarkably hairy, one-celled, and containing one ovula attached to the top of the cell, Style the length of the stamina, Stigma large, round. Berry dry, roundish-_ obovate, size of a large pea, hairy, particularly the some- what pointed apex, one-celled. Seed single, nearly round, Integument single. Perisperm conform to the seed, Em- bryo inverse, oval, lodged in the upper half of the peris- perm, Cotyledons thick, semi-circular. Radicle conical, superior. ¢ QUISQUALIS. Schreb. gen. n. 739, Calyx with filiform tube, and five-cleft border. Petals five. Germ inferior, one-celled ; attachment superiors Drupe five-seeded. ie 1. Q, villosa. R. Bractes ensiform. Petals obovate-cuneate. Devee-moung, the vernacular name at Rangoon. From Pegu this elegant, scandent, stout shrub has been sent to me by the Rey. Mr, F, Carey, and differs no doubt, from another species recéived from Amboy®% which I consider Q. indica, on account of the form of the bractes and greater degree of pubescence. Leaves opposite, or nearly so, short-petioled, orate long, entire, somewhat acute, slightly villous; three incheslong, and nearlyas broad. Spikes terminaland axillary, solitary, villous. Flowers numerous, op Poe and alternate, sessile. Bractes solitary, one-flowereds 2° a Quisqualis. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 427 siform, villous. Calyx superior. Tube very long, and slen- der; widening considerably near its five-toothed mouth, _ somewhat villous on the outside. Petals five, obovate- cuneate, inserted into the mouth of the tube of the calyx, alternate with its segments, villous. Filaments ten, alter- nately shorter, inserted below the petals into the mouth of the tube of the calyx, and much shorter than they. Anthers oval, incumbent. Germ inferior, lanceolar, five- sided, villous, one-celled with generally three, linear ovu- la, attached to the top of the cell, (exactly as in our combretums, Pentaptere, and Terminalie ). Style blended in the tube of the corol, free at top only, where it emer- ges from the tube. Stigma clavate, perforated. : 2. Q. indica. Willd. 2. 579. Bractes oblong-ventricose, Petals oblong, very hairy. Quis-qualis, Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 38. A native of Amboyna, where it grows to be a large scandent shrub, with the young shoots very downy. Leaves sub-opposite, short-petioled, from round-oval to oblong-cordate, entire, villous, their points triangular and acute, Stipules none. Spikes terminal, and axillary, villous. Flowers numerous, opposite, and alternate. Bractes solitary, one flowered, rhombiform and ciliate. Calyx. Tube filiform, widening just below the five-cleft hairy mouth. Petals five, oblong-lanceolar, inserted on the mouth of the tube of the calyx, very hairy. Filaments ten, short, in two alternate rows round the mouth of the calyx. Anthers oblong, incumbent. Germ inferior, ob- long, one-celled, and containing generally four ovula, at- tached to the top of the cell, as in the Pegu species, (Q. villosa.) Style united to the tube of the calyx until it reaches the stamina, where it separates, and ends equal with the anthers, ina large, three-sided, perforated stig- Mia. . Bbb2 428 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, - Getonia, GETONIA. Calyx one-leaved, five-parted, permanent. Corol none. Filaments inserted into the calyx. Germ inferior, one- celled, from two to three-seeded ; attachment superior. Seed solitary, crowned with the remaining calyx. 1. G. nutans. R. Panicles drooping. Stamina one-fourth the length 0 of _ the calyx. Found indigenous on the Rajmahl hills by Mr. Wil- liam Roxburgh ; in the Botanic garden at Calcutta it blos- soms in February, March, and April, This genus differs from Combretum in the want of a corol only, for in - some of the species of that genus, there are ten stamina. Trunk short. Branches scandent, or even twining. Bark of the young shootssomewhat mealy ; of the old and ligneous parts light grey, and pretty smooth. Leaves opposite, or nearly so, short-petioled, oblong, and ovate- oblong, entire, acuminate, drooping, while young villous; about six inches long and from two to three broad. Sti- pules none. Panicles terminal, and axillary, droopitg, composed of several opposite, diverging downy spikes Bracies very downy, lanceolate, one-flowered, shortet than the germ, Calyx superior subcampanulate, villous, permanent; tube very short; borders of five long spread- ing lanceolate, acute, three-nerved divisions. Coral none, Filaments ten, about one-fourth the length of the : calyx, inserted on its tube. Anthers small, incumbent. Germ five-ribbed, one-celled, containing for the most part three seeds attached to the top of the cell, Style the math of the stamina. Stigma simple. 2 G, floribunda, Roxb. Corom. pl. 1. pl. 61. t. 87- Panicles erect. Stamina as long as the divine” of the calyx. Terminalia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 429 Teling. Bandee mooroodoodoo. A native of the Circars, flowering in February and March, Note. Calycopterus. Lamark illust. gen. t. 357. is ex- ceedingly like this, consequently like the former. TERMINALIA. Schreb. gen. n. 1583. - Calyx five-parted. Corol none. Germ inferior, one- celled, two-seeded, attachment superior. Drupe one- Seeded, oe inverse, spiral, no perisperm. 1. T. procera. R. i ech Branches horizontal, verticelled. "gas cuneate, po- lished. . Racemes axillary. Corol flat (rotate.) Drupe oblong, obscurely five-seeded, with the nut of the same Shape. This very charming species is a native of the ‘higdn- man Islands, where it grows to be a tfee of the first mag- hitude. From thence it was introduced with many other plants, into the Botanic garden at Calcutta by Col. A- | lexander Kyd in 1794 ; and in L809 they were about fifty feet high, with a slender, perfectly straight smooth trunk, and several verticells of perfectly horizontal branches ; with bifarious, alternate branchlets. . Flowering time in Bengal the month of March; the fruit ripensin July. Its leaves as in Catappa, drop about the beginning of winter in Bengal, and appear with the flowers in March. Leaves crowded about the ends of the branchlets, short- petioled, cuneate ; margins slightly waved, apex round- ed, with a large rather, obtuse point ; perfectly smooth ©n both sides; veins parallel, and simple, with a small . hairy bit in the axill of each, and two glands on the sides" of the nerve near the base ; from eight to twelve inches _ long, and from four to five broad. Racemes axillary, soli- 9 tary, shorter than the leaves. Flowers numerous, small, — 430 “‘DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Terminalia, pure white, the hermaphrodite ones are near the base of the raceme ; the male ones farther in. Ca/yx salver-shap- ed (spreading flat without any tube.) Stamens alternate- ly short, andincurved. Germ inferior, one-celled, con- taining two ovula, pendulous from the top of the cell. Drupe oblong, obscurely five-sided, but not in the least compressed, as in T. Catappa, which in most respects this species resembles very exactly, when ripe yellow. Pulp in large quantities, of a lively red colour and plea- sant subacid taste. Nut in shape exactly like the drupe, but the five sides are better defined. Embryo with the thin cotyledons wrapped spirally round each other and the superior radicle. 2. T. Catappa. Willd. 4. 967. Branches horizontal, verticelled. Leaves obovate. Racemes axillary. Drupe and nut compressed. Catappa. Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 68. Beng. Budam, ~ Adamaram. Rheed. Mal. 4. t.3. 4. Badamia. Commersoni Gert. sem. 1. t.97. Juglans Catappa Lourier. Cochin Ch. 703. A most beautiful, large tree, found in gardens, X¢- near towns and villages, where indigenous, I have not been able to ascertain. On the Coromandel coast it isin flower and fruit almost the whole year. Trunk straight ; branches verticelled, spreading horizon- tally like the different stages of that kind of compound — table, called a dumb-waiter. Branchlets alternate, bi- farious. Bark smooth, of a dark olive colour while youas- Leaves about the extremities of the branchlets, subses- sile, horizontal between obovate, and wedge form ; mar- gins a little scolloped ; apex rounded, with a small ob- tuse point, smooth on both sides, having a large gland 00 each side of the nerve near the base on the back, from six to twelve inches long. Racemes axillary, solitary, simple, Terminalia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 431 shorter than the leaves. Flowers numerous, small, dull- whitish colour, Bractes minute, falling. MALE FLOWERS, most numerous, scattered profusely over every part of the raceme, above the hermaphrodite. Calyx, &c. as in the genus. HERMAPHRODITE FLOWERS a few below the male ones, Drupe oval, compressed, smooth, having the margin ele- ‘vated with a groove on each side; when ripe, of a yel- lowish colour, nut are with a rough surface. Nucleus linear-oblong. The kernels are fully as palatable as the best filberts, or even almonds, and I have every reason to think they are equally wholesome, and nutritive, The tree is highly or- namental, few surpassing it in elegance and beauty. The wood is also useful. 3. T. belerica. Corom. pl. 2, N. 198. Leaves crowded about the extremities of the branch- lets, long-petioled, oval, with smooth glands on the pe- tioles. Spikes axillary, simple. Calyx campanulate, Drupe oval, downy. Sans. Vibhituka, Beng. Buhira. Arab. Be-ley-luj. Pers, Be-ley-leh. Tam, Tandra marum, Tani. Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 10. Teling. Toandee. Myrobalana. Belerica. Geert. sem. 2. 90. t. 97. M. M. &. It is a native of the mountainous parts of the Circars, gTowing to be one of the largest trees, with an erect trunk, and avery large spreading head, ‘Flowering time the beginning of the hot season. ; Leaves crowded about the extremities of the branches, petioled, oval, entire, firm, smooth ; six or seven inches ; long, and two and a half broad. Pitot round, | from i 432 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Terminala two to three inches long, with two opposite glands on the upper side of the apex, and sometimes near the base. Spikes axillary; solitary, simple, erect. . Flowers small, of a dirty grey colour. The male flowers towards the apex of the spike, the hermaphrodite ones below. Calyx, stamens, and pistillum as in the genus. Drupe oval, somewhat pentagonal, the size of a nutmeg, fleshy, covered bid a grey silky down. Embryo inverse, &c. The kernels of the fruit are eaten by the natives ise taste like filberts, but are reckoned intoxicating, when eaten in any quantity. Hereabouts they do not use any part of the fruit in medicine, so far as I can learn. Wood white, rather soft, durable and seldom used. From wounds in the bark, large quantities of an insipid gum issues, it much resembles Gum arabic, is perfect ly soluble in water, burns away in the flame of a candle, — with little smell, into black gritty ashes. The flowers have a_ strong offensive smell, not unlike i those of Sterculia pide fie 4. T. moluccana. Willd. 4. 968. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, oblong, entire, pail without glands. Spikes axillary. Flowers rotate. Drupé — obovate, villous. ough ie Sans. Kala Drooma. 3 The dry fruit of this tree, of which there are two varie- ties, a larger and a smaller both growing in this garden are so very like the real Beleric myrobalans, the pr0- duce ofmy Terminalia Belerica. Corom. pl. 2. N.198. 45 — to be sold by the native druggists as such, under the Hindoo name Bohura, which is their name for that drug. The trees which produce the above-mentioned : large, and smaller sorts, are exactly alike in every other — ‘Tespect except in the size of the fruit. They are natives of the various mountainous countries North Kast of Bet ae Terminalia. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 433 ‘In this garden ‘they blossom in April and May, and ripen their seed the following March. Trunk straight. Branches sub-verticelled, horizontal. Bark pretty smooth, and of a dark brown colour, height of the whole tree about fifty feet. Leaves alternate, short- petioled, oblong, obtuse, entire, smooth on both sides, beautifully reticulated with minute veins, while young coloured and villous, from two to twelve inches long, and broad in'proportion. Petioles scarcely one-fourth the length _ of the leaves, round, smooth, without glands, and this is the only species of the genus, I have yet met with, that is so, and in this it differs from T. belerica. Spikes axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves. Flowers numerous, of | a dull yellowish brown colour, and rather offensive smell. Male towards the apex, and the hermaphrodite below. - Calyx flat, with the apices of the five divisions revolate, villous on the outside, and woolly within. Filaments ten, twice or more longer than the calyx. Germ and style in the male small, and abortive, in the hermaphro- dite larger and longer. .Drupe round-obovate, some- ‘what villous, size of a large nutmeg, Nut the shape of the drupe, slightly five-grooved, from the apex to the base, - For some time I gave this species the trivial name eglandulosa ; a specimen so named must have fallen into Willdenow’s hand to have enabled him to quote me for that name, See his edition of the species, vol. 4, p. 968. > 5. T. chebula. Willd. 4. 969. : Leaves sub-opposite, oblong, villous underneath, glands on the margins and petioles. . Spikes terminal, ften panicled. _Drupe oval, smooth. Sans. Haritaka. ‘ T. chebula, Retz. obs.5.31. Corom. pl.2. N. 197. Asiat Res. 11: p. 181. itso: Myrabolana chebula. Gert. sem. 2. 91. t. 97. i nit yt M. Indica and Chebula. Hills. M. M. p. 500. 4.28 Coo 434 | DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Terminalia. Hur, Harwa, Hindoo names of the chebulic wth? lans, Teling. and Tam. Kadukar. Zengi, or Zunguhar, the black or Indian myo and for the Asiatic synonyms of the other varieties, see Dr. Fleming’s paper at page 181, in the L1th. esos. the Asiatic Researches above quoted, i - A large tree, a native of the forests of inten Cape Comorin, to the mountains which bound the plains of Bengal, Oude, &c. on the north, Flowering time in Benyal, the hot season. The seed ripens in pao and December. Trunk rarely straight, and but short for the size of ihe tree. Bark in young trees of about seven or eight years growth, ofa light ash-colour and slightly cracked, theit trunks are then from two to three feet in circumference, three feet above ground. Branches many, spreading much in every direction, their extremities often drooping, 4 while young downy. Leaves opposite, or nearly so, short petioled, oblong, entire, obtuse, while young very downy on both niicann but when old underneath only, some small glands in the margins near the base, and generally two on the edges of the downy petioles near the ape* about six inches long and three broad. Stipules none. Spikes ina terminal panicle, or axillary, and there gene rally undivided, downy. Flowers numerous, small, dull white, smell offensive, (as in most, if not all, the othet species,) all hermaphrodite, Bractes solitary, —, downy, one-flowered. Calyx bowl-shaped, five-t very hairy, particularly the inside, and five very bi oe glands in its bottom, surrounding the base of the : Filaments ten, alternately a little shorter, twice the oat of the calyx. “ Anthers small, oval. Germ inferior, °V hairy, one-celled, containing two ovula attached at the top of the cell. - _ Style rather shorter than the 5' Stigma acute. — oval, about an inch and a half ; e Se Re En a ee Terminalia, DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 435 long, and about one inch in diameter, smooth, of a pale greenish yellow, very obscurely five-angled; one-celled. Pulp in considerable quantity, hard and yellowish. Nut oblong, thick and very hard, with surface rough, the irre- gularly and obscurely five-grooved, one-celled, Seed so- litary, lanceolate. Integument membranaceous. Peris- perm none. Embryo conform to the seed, inverse. | Co- tyledons thin, and large, and spirally rolled up round each other, and the lower part of the cylindrig; superior radicle, The tender leaves, while scarce unfolded, are said to be punctured by an insect, and its eggs deposited therein, which by the extravasation of the sap, become enlarged into hollow galls of various shapes and sizes, but rarely exceeding an inch in diameter. They are powerfully as- tringent, and make as good ink as oak galls. They also yield the chintz painters on the Coast of Coromandel, their best and most durable yellow. They are called by the Tamuls Kadu-kai, and by the Telingas Aldicai, and are very like the Faba Bengalensis of our Materia Me- dica. 6. T. citrina. Roxb. ' Leaves sub-opposite, oblong, with a tapering base, smooth, acute, having two small glands on the apex of the petiole. Panicles terminal and axillary. Nut ere winge: Myrabolanas Citrina. Gert. sem. 2. 91. t. 97. “A very large, and tall timber tree, a native of the va- rious extensive forests on the eastern frontier of Bengal where it is called Hurituki; it blossoms there in April and May, and the seed ripens in November. The fruit of this, like that of T. chebula, is an article of import in Hindoo Materia Medica and generally, I be- lieve, pass under the same name, so much alike are they, 7 and pesos Hthemost _ employed as gentle sent Cece 2 ia es 436 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA.- Terminalia. Trunk straight, and of very great size. Branches spreading, but not much crowded. Bark rather scabrous that of the young shoots strongly marked with light co- loured, elevated specks ; wood much like mahogany, but finer grained ; a beautiful specimen sent to me by Mr. Smith of Silhet, was accompanied with the follow- ing words :— _ “ This piece of wood is from a tree which I heath it “ was eighty feet long, one straight body or trunk, and was “nine feet in circumference, This wood is very hard,no * insect will touch it.” ia Leaves sub-opposite, short-petioled, from broad-lance- olar to oblong, tapering less at the base than at the apex, entire, rather obtusely acuminate, smooth and glossy 02 both sides, from four to six inches long, and from two to three broad ; when the plants are young the leaves are vil- lous. Panicles terminal, and from the exterior axills, com- posed of many, simple, erect, slightly villous spikes. Flow- ers numerous, small, of a dull yellow, all hermaphrodite. Bractes solitary, one-flowered, subulate, smooth. » Caly* cup-shaped, five-toothed, hairy on the inside, five, very hairy glands having at the bottom round the base of the style. Filaments ten, alternately shorter, butall much longer than the calyx, and inserted into its inside. Anthers oval. Germ inferior, one-celled containing t° ovula attached to the top of the cell. Style shorter thaa the stamina, smooth. “Stigma acute. . Drupe oblong-la0- ceolar, about two inches long, and two in circumference where thickest, while fresh obscurely five-cornered: ‘but more Clearly so when dry, of a dull orange, yellow, and smooth, Nut oblong, deeply five-grooved, with the five angles sometimes sharp, sometimes rounded, 0 _ Seed solitary, linear-lanceolar.. Integument single, thi, of alight brown. Perisperm none. -Embryo inverse. - nell > -yledons to thin, and broad, ipaalet wireline asin a superior. wis a 4 Pentaptera, DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 437 7%. T. angustifolia. Willd. 4. 970. Tender parts hairy. eaves narrow-lanceolate, acu- minate ; glands on the margin of the base. Tam. Morgatchee. _Adarge tree, a native of Tinnivalle and Travancore. It has now been four years in the Botanic garden at Calcutta, in which time they have ‘attained to the height of ten and twelve feet, but have not blossomed. The young leaves are clothed with much ferruginous hair. The fruit so much like the chebula myrabolans, as scarce- ly to be distinguished from it, and they possess the same sensible qualities. _» 8. T. gangetica. R. Tender parts villous. Leaves opposite, and alternate ovate-oblong, acuminate, base abruptly rounded and has some glands in the margin. A tree, a native of the banks of the Ganges, where it blossoms and ripens its fruit. It is also like the Che- _bula myrabolans, goes by the same general name, Hur or Hura, and is used for the same purposes, so that it is difficult, to say which of the last three species de- Serves most to have the specific name Chebula attached to it, PENTAPTERA. R Calyx bowl-shaped, five-toothed. Corol none. Germ - One-celled, ovula from twoto three, pendulous, Nut infe- tior, woody, five-winged. Seed single. Embryo inverse, Without perisperm, and the two cotyledons spirally roll- ed up. a. R. angustifolia. R. ‘ _. Bark smooth ; branches drooping. Leaves au ber : site, from lanceolar to linear oblong, smooth, having two 438 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Pentapiera, sessile glands at the base, on the margins of the short pe- tiole where it joins the leaf and which are equally con- spicuous viewed on either surface, Spikes terminal, sub- panicled, _ A stout timber tree, a native of the Balla-ghaut moun- tains. Flowering time in the Botanic garden at Calcut- ta in April and May; ; the seed ripens about the close of the year. 2. P, Arjuna. R.. : Bark smooth. Branches horizontal. Leaves sub-op- posite, linear-oblong, with over unequally cordate base, smooth, having two sessile glands underneath the base, and not visible when looking at the upper surface of the leaf. | Sang. Urjoona, also Kukooubha. Hind. Cahua. Beng. Urjoon.” A stout quick growing timber tree, a native of various. parts of India. It flowers in April and May, and the seed ripens about the close of the year. The margins of the leaves are often slightly crenulate, and the two glands underneath the base are only conspicuous on the under side, whereas in P, angustifolia, which this resem bles most, they are equally conspicuous in viewing either surface. 3. P. crenulata. R. Bark remote. Leaves sub-opposite, oblong, ¢ ‘acute, ore nulate, smooth, one or two crathitoe glands on the rib, far above the base. A large timber tree, a native of Coromandel. It flowers in Apriland May. 4. P. coriacea. ‘Roxb. - | _ Leaves sub-opposite, short-petiled, oval, with 3 oF Pentaptera, §DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 439 date base, hard above, hoary underneath, having one or two sessile, turbinate glands at or near the base of the nerve. Spikes panicled, terminal and axillary. Nut hoary. Tam. Anemui marum, A timber tree of considerable size, a native of the moun- tains of Coromandel. I[t flowers in July. It is nearly allied to’ Pentaptera tomentosa, (which was formerly called Terminalia alta tomentosa.) The chief marks of distinction are to be found in all the tender parts, except the hard upper surface of the leaves, that being in this very hoary ; the leaves are shorter, broader, and more cordate at the base ; the glands sessile, and the nut soft with hoary pubescence. Trunk tolerably erect. Bark ash-coloured, and deep- ly cracked, even in young trees. Branches spreading, with the extremities often drooping, and downy. Leaves sub-opposite, short-petioled, oval with a cordate base, and one side generally extending further down on the petiole than the other; obtuse or emarginate, entire, hard, on the upper surface, except while very young hoary and soft underneath, about five or six inches long, and four broad. Glands near the base of the rib, or nerve, either one or two, when two they are on Opposite sides; turbinate and sessile. Panicles termi- nal, and from the exterior axills, composed of a few, Simple, long, cylindric, hoary spikes. Flowers sessile, all hermaphrodite, crowded, small, of a dull yellow, with the outside hoary. Bractes solitary, one-flowered, linear, the length of the germ, hoary. Calyx five or six cleft, hoary without, and very hairy within, In the bottom, round the insertion of the style, are five or six glands, which are so yery completely covered, as to seem a tuft of hair only. Filaments ten or twelve, much longer than the calyx, Germ round, one-celled, containing two ovula at- tached to the top of the cell, immediately under toate 5 ; my 440. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Pentaptera. about as long as the stamina. Stigma simple. | Nut linear-oblong, enlarged with five, very broad, hard, thin, hoary wings, one-celled, size nearly two inches each way, wings included for the diameter of the nut itself, is less than half an inch. Seed solitary, linear-lanceolate, acute at both ends. Perisperm none. Embryo inverse straight. Cotyledons two, thin, wrapped spirally round the superior, sub-cylindric radicle and each other. Dr. Andrew Berry, of Madras, who is acquainted with the tree in its native soil, has furnished the following information: “It is a native of the inland mountains of Coromandel, chiefly those of the western parts, The bark is very thick, and deeply cracked, outwardly of a dark grey co- lour, inwardly red like dragon’s blood. The trunk straight and lofty; wood of considerable diameter, so as to be made into solid wheels for buffalo carts; strong, hard, and heavy. gate : 5. P. tomentosa. Roxb. Bark deeply cracked. Leaves sub-opposite, linear-ob- long, downy with some turbinated pedicelled glands on the rib near the base. * Sans. Usna, Peeata-saluka. Hind. Aans. Beng. Peea-sal, or Usan. ' Teling. Nella-madoo. Found in various parts of India, grows to bea large timber tree of much utility. Flowering time ‘April ol = the seed ripens in the cool season. mada Glabra. R. é | Bark smooth ; branchlets drooping ; leaves sub-opP® site, narrow, oblong, smooth with some sub-pedicellet umbilicate glands towards the base of the rib, er Teling. Tella-madoo. — ou alk Sad Pentaptera.. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 441 A timber tree, a native of various.parts of India. It flowers in May and the seed ripens in the cool season. 7. P. bialata. R. Arboreous. Branches horizontal. Leaves alternate, cuneate-oblong, waved, pointed, polished. Spikes axil- lary, drooping, Drupe two-winged. Of this very distinct species, there is a large one in the Botanic garden which blossoms about the beginning of the rains. It is a native of the mountainous parts of In- dia, ; Trunk perfectly straight, even up through the horizon- tal subverticelled branches to the very top; itis from five to six feet in circumference four feet above ground. Bark smooth, of a brownish ash colour ; the height of the whole tree about fifty feet. _ Leaves alternate, about the ends of the branchlets, long-petioled, oblong-cuneate, entire, acute, with waved margins, smooth, polished, of a deep green on both sides, from four to seven inches long, and from two to three broad. Petioles about half the length of the leaves, Very smooth, the lower half being round, and the upper half flattened on the upper side. Spikes axillary, solitary, smooth, drooping, about as long as both leaf and petiole, ers numerous, smali, of a greenish yellow, herma- Phrodite in the lower half of the spike, and male in the test. Bractes minute, one-flowered, caducous, Calyx cam- panulate, five-parted, having the bottom filled with brown hairs. Filaments ten, alternately a little shorter, the short Ones do not expand so much as the longer five. Anthers _ two-lobed. Germ beneath, ovate, villous. Style nearly as long as the stamina. Stigmaacute. Drupe oblong, vil- lous, tapering equally towards each end, and enlarged With two broad, membranaceous, waved, villous wings. Seed lanceolate. Embryo with its two large thin cotyle- dons, rolled spirally up round each other and the Be or radicle, ae tea Daa «i Bat ae 442 DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Conocarpus. 8. P. paniculata. R. i Branches diverging. Leaves sub-opposite, linear-ob- long, with a cordate base, entire, smooth, but very hard; there are two sessile umbilicate glands underneath the base. Panicles terminal. Nuts unequally three-winged. . Tam. Pe-karakai. Teling. Neemeeri. A stout timber tree, a native of the peninsula, and from thence introduced by Dr. A. Berry into the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where, in eight years, from the seed the young trees began to blossom in December, and the seed ripened in May, they were then about twenty feet high, and the stems eighteen inches in citcumference at four feet above the ground. . CONOCARPUS. Schreb. gen. n. 321. Flowers aggregate, Receptacle, common, globular, that of the corollets columnar raising them above the germ. - Calyx bowl-shaped, five-toothed. Corol none, or five-pe talled. Stamina five orten. Seeds naked, inferior. — 1. C. latifolia. Roxb. _ Leaves obovate, sub-retuse. Peduncles ramous ; Gore lets apetalous, decandrous, Teling. Sheriman, This is one of the largest timber trees that is to be found amongst the chain of mountains, which separate the Circar from the Mahratta dominions, where it = native. It flowers during the cold season, J anuary a February, ‘Trunk erect, straight, varying in length and witenaiale? the largest are thirty or thirty-five feet to the branches, and about six in circumference. Bark pretty of a light ash colour. Branches numerous, bee forming a large, high, ever green head. Leaves jes opposite, short-petioled, ovate, generally ema! ¢ Conocarpus. DECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 443 entire, smooth, from one to four inches long, and from one and a half to two broad, Peduncles axillary, short, round, smooth, ramous, each ramification supporting a little glo- bular head, of small yellow corollets. Calyx, common pe- rianth scarcely any, a globular common receptacle unites the corollets, with which it is every where covered. No proper perianth. Corollets supported upon columnar, par- tial pedicels, one-petalled, imperforated, five-cleft ; seg- ments acute, erect, with the bottom woolly. Filaments ten, twice the length of the corollets, erect, inserted into the mouth of the tube. Anthers oblong, lower, bifid. Germs in- ferior, sessile, compressed, ending in the pedicel of the co- rollet, which is permanent, and looks like a remaining Stile. Style awled, rather shorter than the stamen. Stigma acute. Pericarpnone. Seeds single, oblong, perpendi- cularly surrounded with a rigid, narrow ring. Receptacle globular, a little scaly. 2. C. acuminata. R. Leaves oval, pointed. Panicles undivided ; corollets a- petalous, decandrous. Teling. Paunchinan. This second species is also a large timber tree, a na- tive of the same places. It flowers during the cold season, Trunk equally high with that of the preceding species, but seldom or never straight. Bark ash-coloured. Branch- es very numerous, spreading, with their extremities pen- dulous like the weeping willow, the whole forming a most beautiful, large, regular, ever-green top. Leaves nearly ©pposite, short-petioled, oblong, pointed, entire ; when young downy ; when old smooth, about two inches long, and one broad. Peduncles axillary, single, simple, un- divided ; each bearing one small globular head of small yellow sonolleka 7 These trees are valuable on account of their wand Particularly the first, Shereman ; its. timber.is | univer Ddd2 444 DECANDRIA DIGYNIA. Trianthema. sally esteemed for almost every economical purpose. ‘Towards the centre it is of a chocolate colour, andis — then exceedingly durable. For house and ship building, the natives reckon it superior to every other sort, Pen-— taptera tomentosa, and teak expected. The wood of Paunchinan is exceedingly like, and fully -as strong, and as durable, if kept dry, as the former, but exposed to the water, it soon decays ; of course itis unfit for the Marine yard, but equally fit for house building when it can be obtained straight,which i8 seldom the case. DECANDRIA DIGYNIA. TRIANTHEMA. Schreb. gen. n. 762. Calyx two leaved, or none. Corol five-cleft, or five- petalled, daggered under the top. Capsule inferior, Ci! cumcised. _1. T. erystallina, Willd. 2. 635. Perennial. Stems filiform, prostrate, in fact cespitose, dotted with crystalline specks. Leaves opposite, broad- lanceolate. Flowers single, or in pairs in the forks of the branchlets, pentandrous, monogynous. Seed solitary: _ Teling. Kooka-pal koora. : A native of Coromandel. It flowers during the rainy and cold season. te? 2. T. decandra. Wilid. 2. €36. _ Prostrate. Leaves elliptic. Peduncles many-owerd Stamina from eleven to twelve. Styles two. Capsules sao _ Teling. Tella galgeroo. Hind. Gada-buni. ye. Zallia Decandra, Birm. Ind. 110. t. 31. f. 3. A common weed in gardens in most parts sta : : ne year. Saponaria. DECANDRIA DIGYNIA, 445 3. T. obcordata, R. Stems prostrate. Leaves opposite, mltemintals larger and obcordate, smaller and oblong. Flowers solitary. Stamens from fifteen to twenty, Style single. Capsules _ Many-seeded. Swet-sabuni the Hindee name of the pale variety, and Lal-sabuni the reddish. Teling. Yurra-galjeror, or Bodo-pail-kura. It delights in old. gardens, rubbish, &c.. It flowers all the year round. : Root long, perennial, Stems many, diffuse,: dichoto- © mous, round, jointed, coloured, a little downy on the up- per side, Leaves opposite, petioled, obcordate, smooth, waved, with a reddish margin, alternately smaller, the large one being more than an inch each way, and the smaller one less than an inch long and narrow. Pe- tioles winged, concaye, uniting and clasping the stem, forming a cup with two lateral stipulary, or calyx like processes for the flower. Flowers solitary, sessile in the divisions of the branches, Calyx no other than the pro- cesses of the united petioles. Corol as in the genus. Sta- mens from fifteen or twenty in our Indian plant. Germ totally superior, turbinate. Style single, shorter than the stamens. Capsule oblique truncate, circumcised. Seeds many, reniform, black, rough. Receptacle a line running along the upper side of the bottom of the capsule. The leaves and tender stops are eaten by the natives. SAPONARLIA. Schreb. gen. n. 769. ~ Calyx tubulous, naked, five-toothed, permanent. Corol of five, long-clawed petals. Capsule superior, one-celled. Seeds many. _S. perfoliata. | ee -s Calgon iitlicads five-keeled. Stem erect, to-forked. . 446 DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Silene. Leaves perfoliate, three-nerved, sublinear, panicles ter- minal, dichotomous ; apices of the petals notched. A native of Bengal, appearing during the cold season. It has the habit of Gypsophila perfoliata. DIANTHUS. Schreb. gen. n. 770. Calyx cylindric, one-leafed ; at the base four scales. Petals clawed. Capsule superior, cylindric, one-celled. — 1. D. chinensis. Willd. 2. 677. Flowers solitary. Scales of the calyx subulate, ex- panded, as long as the tube. Petals crenate. Leaves lan- ceolate. A native of China, but succeeds well Sas the ad season in Bengal. * B.D: Cnesidnaiben Willd. 2. 674. Flowers solitary. Scales of the calyx ovate, acute, short. Petals crenate, beardless. Pers. Gool Karunphool. A native of Persia, and succeeds during the cool s¢4- son in Bengal. DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. SILENE. Schreb. gen. n. 772. Calyx one-leafed, ventricose, five-toothed. Petals fives entire, or bifid, unguiculate, crowned with the nectarium- Capsule incompletely three-celled. Seeds numerous. Re- ceptacle columnar. ue S. indica. R. ' Leaves stem-clasping, lanceolar. Flowers suai Calyx ventricose, ten-angled, with five short teeth. P i Hirea. | DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 447 tals bifid, with a toothlet on each side near the nectary. Capsule ovate-oblong, one-celled. A native of Nepaul. It flowers during the cold season in the Botanic garden at Calcutta. ARENARIA. Schreb. gen. n. 774. _ Calyx five-leaved. Petals five, entire. Capsule one- celled, many-seeded. A. flaccida, R. Annual, flaccid, jointed, smooth, dichotomous. Leavis in opposite fascicles, filiform, the length of the joints. Flowers panicled. Calyces rather obtuse. Capsules glo- bular. Seed reniform, membrane-winged. This plant greatly resembles spergula arvensis, and pro- bably may be a variety of that plant ; itis only found dur- ing the cold season as a weed in gardens about Calcutta, and may have been accidentally introduced from Europe. HIRZA. Schreb. gen. n. 781. Calyx five-leaved. Corol five-petalled. Germ supe- rior, three-celled ; cells one-seeded ; attachment interior. Seeds (Samara) three, each with a large membranaceous wing on each side. Embryo inverse, without perisperm. 1. H. nutans. R. Shrubby, twisting. Leaves simple, ovate ventricose, entire, acuminate, Panicles terminal, drooping. Samara elliptic. . An extensive, twining, shrubby species, a native of the interior parts of Bengal. It flowers in August and September, the seed ripens in November and December, Stems ligneous, and with their extensive branches, twin- _ ing up and over trees of considerable size. Bark of the old 448 DECANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Hirea. woody parts dark brown, and pretty smooth ; young shoots pendulous, round, and clothed with closely appres- sed hairs. Leaves opposite, petioled from ovate to cor- date, entire, tapering much toward the acute apex, having the upper surface glossy, with a few appressed hairs, and the under paler and more hairy, from four to eight inches long, and from two to five broad. Petioles round, hairy, from one totwo incheslong. Stipules minute, subulate, — pointed. Panicles terminal, and axillary, pendulous, large, composed of many, opposite, diverging, simple or compound racemes, and like the other parts clothed with appressed brown hairs. Bractes lanceolate, conic ; those of the ramifications solitary, those of the pedicel tern. Flowers numerous, opposite, small, yellow, ino- dorous. Calyx five-parted ; segments equal, oblong, ob- tuse. Petals five, oblong, sessile, expanding ; mamelli- ferous pores. Filaments ten, shorter than the petals, base broad and slightly united, inserted into the recep- tacle round the germ. Anthers oblong, erect. Germ superior, three-celled, with one ovula in each, attached to the axis. Styles three, length of the stamina. Stig- ma headed. Samara three, united, singly linear, and surrounded with a yery large entire reticulate, scariouS, : elliptical wing, one-celled, evalvular. Seed solitary, li- near, attached near the apex to the inside of the cell, In- teguments single, thin, brown. Perisperm none. Embry? inverse. Cotyledons two, equal, linear. Radicle ovate, superior. 2. H. indica. R. . Shrubby, climbing. Leaves opposite, ovate, entire. Panicles axillary and terminal. Samara linear. Teling. Regrak tiga. A native of the Circar mountains. 3. H. rotundifolia. R. : a ents Leaves emcees entire, villous Erythroxylon, DECANDRIA TRIGYNiA. 449 underneath, Panicles axillary, thin, villous. Samara or- bicular with a small wing on the back. An extensive perennial, woody rambler, a native of Chittagong. It flowers in March and April. ERYTHROXYLON. Schreb. gen. n. 783. Calyx five-toothed, Corol five-petalled with emargi- nate scales over the base on theinside. Nectary campa- nulate divided into ten antheriferous filaments. Germ superior, three-celled ; attachment superior, Drupe one- seeded. Embryo inverse, furnished with a perisperm. 1. E, monogyum. R. Corom. pl. 1. p. 61. t. 88. Leaves subsessile, cuneate, entire. Stipules conic acute. Flowers axillary, one or two. Style single. Stigmas three. Drupe oblong. ‘Teling. Adivi gerenta, 2, E. sideroxyloides. Lamark Encycl. 2. f, 390. Willd. 2. f. 748. A native of Coromandel, Ceylon, &c, It flowers dur- ing the greater part of the year. From Ceylon General Macdowall sent it to the Bota- nic garden at Calcutta, under the name of the Fen tree. 3. E. laurifolium. Willd. 2.749. ; Arboreous. Leaves short-petioled, oblong, obtuse, lu- cid. Peduncles axillary, crowded, longer than the flow- ers. Nectarial scales with truncate, porous nee Sta- mina monodephous. Found by Colonel Hardwicke indigenous on the Mau- Titius in flower in August, Eee 450 DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Averrhoa. DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. AILANTHUS. Schreb. gen. n. 167. Polygamous. . Male calyx five-toothed ; corol five- petalled. Hermaphrodite calyx and corol as in the male. Germ from three to five. Capsules (Samara) from three to five, one-seeded. | A. excelsa. Willd. 4.974. R. Corom. pl. 1. N. 13. Leaves abruptly pinnate ; leaflets twelve pair, petiolet- ted, opposite, broad-falcate-lanceolate, grossly serrate. An immense tree, a native of the interior of Coroman- del. It flowers during the cold season. The wood is white and soft, consequently of little use. a -AVERRHOA. Schreb. gen. n. 784. Calyx five-leaved. Corol five-petalled, campanulate. Germ superior, five-celled cells ; few-seeded ; attachment interior. Pomum angular, five-celled. Embryo inverse and furnished with a perisperm. a 1. A. Carambola. Willd, 2.750. Pomum oblong, acute-angled. Leaflets ovate. Tamara tonga, Rheed. Mal. 3. t. 43. and 44, Sans. Karmurunga. Hind. and Beng. Kamarunga. Native place uncertain, but common in gardens all over India, There are two varieties ; one producing 4 sweet, the other a sour fruit, In Bengal both blossom dut- ing the rainy season, and the fruit ripens during the months of December and January. Spondias. DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA, 451 2. A. bilimbi. Willd. 2. 749. Leaves pinnate, many paired ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate. Fruit oblong, obtuse-angled. Bilimbi. Rheed. Mal. 3. t. 45 and 46. Blinbingun teres. Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 36. This pretty little tree I have only found in acultivat- ed state ; where it is indigenous I cannot say. In Bengal it is uncommon ; and in the Botanic garden flowers in March and April, and the fruit ripens in about two months, For the uses of the fruit of these two species I refer to Rumphius. SPONDIAS. Schreb. gen. n. 784. Calyx five-toothed. Corol five-petalled. Germ supe- rior, five-celled ; cells one-seeded ; attachment superior. Drupe with a five-celled nut. Seed solitary. Embryo in- verse, without perisperm. 1. S. mangifera. Willd, 2. 751. Leaflets four or five-pairs, oblong, mucronate. Pani- cles diffuse. Nut oblong, nearly smooth on the outside. Ambalam. Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 50. - Amrataca. Asiat. Res. 4, p. 284. Hind. and Beng. Amra. , Teling. Amatum, Ponastia. Juss. Genera. plant. 410. Spondius amara, Lamark Encycl. 4. p- 245. Mangifera pinnata. Linn. suppl. plant. p. 56, This is a large tree, amongst the mountains of Coro- mandel, but in gardens where it is frequently found culti- Vated, it is of a smaller size, and low. Flowering time the beginning of the hot season, when the leaves come out. The fruit ripens during the cold season, and then its leaves are deciduous, Eee2 é 452 DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Spondias. Trunk straight, in our gardens from one to two feet in diameter, Bark smooth, ash-coloured, astringent. Branches nearly horizontal. Leaves alternate about the extremities of the branches, pinnate with an odd one, from twelve to twenty inches long. Leaflets about five pair, opposite, oval, pointed, entire, smooth, veined ; from three to six inches long, and two or two anda half broad. Petioles round, smooth. Stipules none. Panicles terminal, very large, diffuse, and thin. Flowers very numerous, small, white, mostly barren, though no male flower (apparently so) is to be found. Calyx be- low, small, five-toothed. Petals five, oblong, spreading. Nectary a large fleshy notched ring surrounding the germ. Filaments ten, awled, alternately shorter,incurved, scarce- ly half the length of the petals. Anthers small, Germ ovate, five-celled, with one ovula in each, attached to the top of the axis, Styles five, short, erect, distant, Stigmas simple. Drupe oval, fleshy smooth, the size of a pullet’s egg, when ripe, yellow. Nut oblong, woody, very hard, outwardly fibrous, five-celled, but seldom more than one, two or three of them produce seed. Seed lanceolate. Embryo inverse, without perisperm. The wood of this tree is soft, and of little or no use. From wounds made in the bark, about the beginning of the hot season, very large quantities of a transparent — juice issues, which soon hardens into a mild insipid cad exactly like gum-arabic, The fruit is eaten raw when ripe, and before ripe at Pickled, = in Curries, made into tarts, &c. &c. 2. S. dulcis. Willd. 2. 752. Leaves from six to seven pair, oblong, swiicieoe ter nicles terminal. Nut round, armed. S. cytheria. “Lamark. Encycl. 4. 245. Gert. sem. pa 108 : t. 103. Sonnerat. 2. 222. ¢. 123. ; A native of the Society Islands, and now common ia © Spondias. DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 453° the Botanic garden at Calcutta where it grows to bea large tree-with an extensive, very ramous head. Flow- ering time in Bengal, March ; the fruit ripens about the close of the rains. 8.8. acuminata. R. Leaflets from five to eight pair, subopposite, long, oval, remotely sp iggad acuminate, polished ; petioles cylin- dric. A most elegant, middling-sized tree, with an uncom- monly dense crown, a native of Malabar. In the Botanic garden at Calcutta young trees reared from the seed, were in four years twenty feet high ; the trunk perfectly Straight; the bark smooth, olive grey; the branches Spreading in all directions from erecto-patens above, to | divaricate below. 4. S. longifolia. R. Bark verrucose. Leaflets opposite and alternate, from ten to twelve pair, very unequally ovate-oblong, entire, lucid, obtusely acuminate. From the Mauritius this very distinct species has been introduced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where its growth is rapid; it is nearly straight, with a few stout, patently diverging, almost, simple branches, very rough with brown tubercles; the leaflets very peeanelns Mivid~» ed by the nerve. wet .. S. axillaris. R Leaflets from six to eight pair, ovate-lanceolate, gash- Serrate cuspidate. Peduncles axillary, few-flowered. Nut oval, smooth. ! A small beautiful Melia looking tree, a native of Ne- pal. In the Botanic garden at Calcutta it flowers in March, and the seed Lape about the close of ee: rains. : 454 _ DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Cnestis,. CNESTIS. Juss. Calyx five-leaved (five-parted, Juss.) Corol five-petal- led. Germ five, superior, one-celled, one-seeded ; attach- ment inferior. Capsules from one to five, one-celled, one-valved (two-valved, Juss.) Seeds solitary, attached to the base of the cell. Embryo inverse, without peris- perm, : C. monadelpha. R Shrubby. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets five or seven, sub- alternate, oblong, obtuse, acuminate, polished. Panicles axillary, crowded, Filaments united at the base. Sookurtothee of the Hindus about Silhet, where the shrub grows. Itis also found on the hills of Chittagong, and there called Kowatothee ; the natives eat the fresh aril of the ripe seeds. Flowering time the gape | season ; , the seed ripens in October. Compare with Geriner’s Aegiceras minus. Leaves alternate, unequally pinnate ; from six to eight inches long. Leaflets five or seven, sub-alternate, short- petiolate, from ovate to oblong, entire, firm, polished, obtusely acuminate, from two to five inches long, 4% from one to two broad, the. exterior by far the largest. Stipules ensiform. § Panicles axillary, several toge- ther; slender, smooth, nearly as long as the leaves. Pisibe’s numerous, small, sub-campanulate, white fragrant. Calyx five-leaved ; leaflets broad-ovate, subci- liate, permanent. Petals five, linear-oblong, margins. connected for a little way near the base, above that os campanulate, Filaments ten, alternately long, toward the base, and there united into a ring” a the lower half of the: germ. -Anthers oval, incu -Cotyledon. DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. 455 Germs five, each one-celled, and containing a single ovu- la, attached to the bottom of the cell. Styles five, scarce- ly half the length of the stamina, recurvate, Stigmas simple. Capsule solitary ; the four abortive germs may be found under its base, now minute, dry and com- pressed, obliquely ovate-oblong, coriaceous, smooth, about an inch, or three quarters long, one-celled, one- valved, one-seeded, opening along the whole of the in- side, exposing the seed before quite ripe. Seed solitary, attached to the bottom of the capsule, as in the germ, ovate, invested in a complete orange-coloured aril. Pe- risperm none. Embryo conform to the seed, inverse. Coty- ledons thick fleshy, of a pale green. Radicle patelliform. ROBERGIA. Schreb. gen. n. 787. , Calyx five-parted. Petals five. Drupe one-celled, with two-valved nut, Seed solitary. Embryo inverse, and fur- nished with a perisperm. R. hirsuta. R. ' Shrubby, scandent, hairy. Leaves unequally pinnate ; leaflets from four to eight pair, oblong-cordate, entire. Panicles terminal and axillary, A native of Chittagong, where it blossoms in March. The cortex of the drupe has its inner lamina perforated With large cells filled with a fragrant, clammy, brownish balsam, COTYLEDON. Schreb. gen. n. 788. - Calyx four or five-cleft. Corol oné-petalled, four or five cleft, Nectary of four or five awled scales embrac-_ ing the germs. Capsules four or five. Seeds pumerous. 456 DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. Bergia. 1. C.. laciniata. Willd. 2. 758. ; Perennial. Leaves decompound, pinnatifid, and sim- ple. Flowers octandrous. Planta anatis. Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 95, _ Hemasagara. Asiat. Res, 4. p. 284. Beng. Hemsagur. Found in gardens about Calcutta, and in flower dur- _ing the rainy season. 2. C. rhizophylla. R. Shrubby, succulent. Leaves fleshy, simple and pit- nate, crenate, viviparous. Flowers pendulous, octan- drous. A native of the Moluccas, in the Botanic garden at Calcutta ; it blossoms in the cold season. When leaves are placed in a damp place and shaded, young pian epee from their crenatures. _ 3. C. heterophylla, R. Perennial, succulent, smooth. Leaves joa petiol- ed; in young plants ternate, when more advanced simple, ovate-oblong, slightly laciniate, fleshy, smooth. Corymbs decompound. Flowers octandrous. A native of M ysore, in the Botanic garden at Calcutta; - it blossoms during the cool season, BERGIA. Schreb. gen. n. 791. Calyx five-parted. Corol five-petalled. Capsule supet- or, globular, protuberant, five-celled, five-valved, valve lets petal like, Seeds most numerous. 1. B. verticillata, Willd. 2, 770. Creeping, annual. Leaves lanceolar, serrate, smooth Flowers axillary, sessile, numerous, . Pola-tsjira. Rheed. Mal. 9. t. 78. - Teling. Neeroo-pavala. oa Oxalis. DECANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. _ 457 Hind. and Beng. Lal-khesura. A native of various parts of India in wet places dur- ing the rainy season, 2. B. ammanioides, Roxb. Annual, erect, ramous. Flowers axillary crowded with stamina, corresponding in number with the parts of the calyx and corol. Lechea verticillata. Willd. 1. p. 495. A native of various parts of India ; it appears and flow- ets during the rains and cool season, OXALIS. Schreb. gen. n. 794. Calyx five-leaved. Corol five-parted, cohering above the claws. Capsule, superior, tive-celled, five-valved, _ five-cornered, opening at the angles. - 1. 0. corniculata. Willd, 2. 800. Creeping, ramous, villous. Leaves ternate. Peduncles longer than the leaves, umbelliferous, Flowers monadel- phous. Filaments alternately shorter and sterile. Cap- sule subcylindric. 2. O. pusilla. Salisbury in Trans. of Linn. Soe. 2. hits Sans. Amluionika, Chukrika, — Beng. Amrool. Common all over India, delighting in cool, dark, shady. moist places, where it blossoms most part of the year. 3. O.sensitiva. Willd. 2. 804. Leaves pinnate. Peduncles umbelliferous. Hind. Lak chana, Todda vaddi. Rheed. Mal. 9, t.19. is a pretty good re- Presentation of a young plant, while Herba sentiens, Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 104. f. 2. is tolerable for an old one. Common all over India, and in flower the whole eee Ai aia 458 DECANDRIA DECAGYNIA. Phytolacca. . * CERASTI UM. Schreb. gen. n. 797. Calyx five-leaved. Petals two-cleft. Capsule one-cell- ed, gaping at top. : C. cordifolium. R. Annual, flaccid, ramous. Leaves opposite, the lower ones petioled, the superior ones stem-clasping. Peduncles solitary, one-flowered, hairy. A native of Bengal, where it appears as a weed in our gardens and cultivated fields during the cool season. DECANDRIA DECAGYNIA. PHYTOLACCA. Schreb. gen. n. 800. Calyx none. Petals calycine. Berry superior, ten-cell- ed ten-seeded (or compound,) with a seed in each acinus. P. acinosa, R. Herbaceous, erect, ramous. Leaves oblong. Flowers decandrous. Berries composed of from six - eight distinct acini, A native of Nepal. It flowers about the end of the cool and the beginning of the hot season in the Botanic garden at Calcutta. The leaves are used by the natives of Na- pal in their diet. CLASS XI. -DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. RHIZOPHORA. Schreb. gen. n. 806. Calyx from four to many-cleft. Corol from four to many-petalled. Stamina from eight to many. Germ inferior, from three to four-celled ; cells from one to two- seeded ; attachment superior. Pericarp none. Seed so- litary, subcylindric. Embryo inverse, no perisperm. 1. R. mangle. Willd. 2. 843. Leaves opposite, oblong, cuspidate. Peduncles three- flowered. Flowers octandrous. Fruit subulate-clavate. Pee-candel. Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 34. . Teling. Upoo-poma. Mangium calendarium. Rumph. Amb. 3. t. 71. Bhora of the inhabitants of the Delta of the Ganges, ‘where it grows to be a tree of considerable size. Leaves opposite, petioled, decussate, oblong, entire, cuspidate, smooth on both sides, fleshy, veinless, marked with numerous, blackish minute dots underneath ; from four to six inches long. Petioles round, about an inch long. Stipules large, in pairs within the leaves, cadu- cous, Peduncles axillary, solitary, recurved, .generally three-flowered, smooth, compressed, bracted at the apex, where it divides. Pedicles short,thick and ending in a cup- like bracte, in which the flower sits. Calyx four-leaved. Leaflets oblong, permanent. Petals four, lanceolate, havy- ing the inside and margins very woolly. Filaments always eight, very short. Anthers linear, Germ superior, four- celled, each containing a single ovula attached to the up-— per end of the axis. Style thick, Stigma bidentate. Seed clavate, pendulous, from one to two feet Bees ret eet | eee 460 DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Rhizophora. smooth, its base inserted, (as in a socket, into a large firm flask-shaped receptacle, which I take to be the albumen and vitellus of Gertner, If the seed be erect, the perma- nent calyx adheres to its globular base.. Perisperm none. Embryoinverse, Cotyledons undetermined, Plu- mula of along, sharp, conical shape, two-lobed ; plumula _within. Radicle conform to the seed, superior, the real - root proceeds from its apex. The great length of the seed of this species, gives ina very short time a young tree ; for if the apex from whence — the root issues, is only stuck a little way into a wet soil, or mud, the leaves quickly unfold at the opposite end, as mentioned by Brown in his History of Jamaica. — , The wood of this tree is of a dark reddish colour, hard and durable. "2. R. gymnorhiza. Willd. 2. 843. Leaves opposite, oblong and broad-lanceolar, smooth. Flowers solitary. Calyx many-cleft. Stamens twenty oF more. | Kandel. Rheed. Mal, 6, t.81. and 81. good. Rumphius's figures are not so good. Kakra of the inhabitants of the Delta of Ganges, where, i in such places as the spring tides rise over,it grows — in abundance to be a tree of considerable magnitude. — ieee Trunk generally dividing before it reaches the ground, a like a parcel of hop-poles piled up in form of a cone. : Leaves opposite, decussate, crowded about the ends of s the branches, petioled, erect, oblong, pointed, very smooth, z entire, firm, and somewhat fleshy, almost veinless ; 8° — - nerally about six inches long. Petioles from one to two a inches long, channelled. Stipules large, within the leaves, : caducous, — Peduncles axillary, solitary, one-flowered, shorter than the petioles, nodding. Calyx about twelve- = cleft ; divisions tapering, acute, a little incurved, fteshy; _ smooth, permanent. Petals just as many as the divisions = of the Ade of nearly the same Jength, and — on” é ‘Rhizophora. DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. | 461 its inside, opposite to the fissures thereof; at the base they are formed into a tube opening on the inside, and. there bearded ; apex two-lobed, and ornamented with, generally, five short filaments. Stamens just twice as many as there are petals in the corol, two-being found enclosed within each of them, Filaments half the length of the petals, unequal, the interior one of the pair being shorter. Anthers linear, erect, with their apices sharp and incuryed. Germ inferior, turbinate, three or four- celled, with two ovula in each. Style the length of the sta- mens, Stigma slightly three or four pointed. Pericarp no other than the permanent calyx, in which the plumu- la, or ascending part of the embryo on the base of the seed is lodged. Seeds solitary, subcylindric, tapering equally towards each end, pendulous; the plumula, or ascending part of the future plant is lodged on the base,* while from its apex the rostel/um, or root issues. The wood is of a yellowish colour, hard and durable ; its chief use is for burning, and for posts with which to construct the houses of the natives. 8. R. parviflora. R. Leaves ventricose-oblong. Peduncles axillary, many- flowered ; calyx eight-cleft. Stamina eight pair, embrac- ed by the eight petals. Fruit subcylindric. A small, very ramous, smooth, glossy tree, a antinns of 7 the salt, and brackish creeks, &c. of the Delta of the Ganges. Flowering time December. Leaves opposite, Crowded about the ends of the smooth twigs, short-pe- tioled, from broad-lanceolar to ventricose-oblong, entire, firm and polished ; from four to five inches long, and from One to two broad. Stipules large, within the leaves, &c, asin the Fici. Peduncles axillary, once or twice tricho- tomous, smooth. Bractessmall. Flowers small, one on : each division of the peduncles. Calyx eight-cleft ; seg- ments acute. Petals eight, considerably shorter than the — 462 . DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA, | Triumfetta, segments of the calyx, deeply emarginate, and bearded ; sides incurved, round the two stamina. Filaments sixteén, unequal, inserted by pairs into the receptacle immediate- ly within the petals, and closely embraced by their in- curved sides, Anthers sagittate. Germ inferior, cylin- dric, furrowed, three-celled, containing in each two ovula attached to. the top of the axis. Style shorter than the petals. Stigma three-toothed. beste TRIUMFETTA. Schreb. gen. n. 819. Calyx five-leaved. Corol five-petalled. Germ superior, from three to four-celled ; cells one or two-seeded ; attach- ment superior. Capsule hispid, three or four-partible. Embryo inverse, and furnished with a perisperm. 1. T. trilocularis, Roxb. Shrubby. Leaves three-lobed, serrate, from three to five- nerved; downy. Racemes terminal ; flowers complete. Capsule three-celled, bag A native of India, In the Botanic garden at Calcutta _it blossoms during the cool season, viz. November, De- cember, January and February, and the seeds ripe? from March to June, igh Stem short, stout and ligneous ; covered with pretty smooth ash-coloured bark. Branches numerops. Young : shoots clothed with stellated pubescence. Height of plants three or four years old, five feet. Leaves alternate, : petioled, broad-cordate, three-lobed, from three tO fivey © nerved, unequally serrate ; both sides clothed with soft pubescence. Those next the racemes ovate-oblong, front one to six inches long. Stipules ensiform, Racemes ive nal, Peduncles verticelled, three-flowered. Bractes Br. merous, the large solitary one at each verticel may be call- ,. ed a floral leaf, its lower serrature on each side glandu- : lar, the rest ensiform. Flowers numerous, small, yellow, ae 4 pedicelled. Calyx, color, and stamina as in the gp Portulaca. DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 463 Nectarium, a slender, crenulate cup round the insertion ofthe petals. Germ round, echinate, three-celled, with two seeds in each, attached to the upper end of the axis. Style simple, length of the petals. Stigma minute, obscure- ly three-toothed. © Capsule globose, of the size of a pea, brown, and of a tough coriaceous texture, armed with numerous, diverging uncinate, backwardly hispid bristles, marked with three small sutures, which do not open, (three-celled.) Seeds two in each cell, obliquely ovate, of a brown colour. Integuments two, the exterior one thin, the inner one thick and tough. Perisperm conform to the seed. Embryo straight, inverse,the length of the perisperm, yellowish. Cotyledons oval. Radicle cylindric, superior. 2. T. Bartramia. Willd. 2, 854. Annual, erect, ramous. Leaves with the anterior part © three-lobed, serrate, hairy. Flowers axillary. Beng. Bun-okra. Lappago Amboinica. Rumph. Amb. 6. p. 59. t. 25. a fe A native of various parts of India. PORTULACA. Schreb. gen. n. 824. Calyx two-cleft. Corol four or five-petalled. Capsule circumcised. * ae elivaces Willd. 2. 859. Leaves cunieform. Flowers sessile. “Hind. and Beng. Loonya or Nooniya shak. Arab. Khurfa also Tooruk. 2. P. meridiana. Willd. 2. 861. Annual, creeping, the joints hairy. Leaves oblong, fleshy. Flowers subsessile, with four floral leaves and a hairy involucre. Petals four. Stamina from six to eight. Nela tsjera. Rheed. Mal. 10, t. 31. which Willdenow — uotes for his Oldenlandia depressa, Are they thesame? * 4G4 DODECANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Talinum: Teling. Pail-kura. A. Beng. Nooniya. Its flowers open at noon, and shut at two. It is com-’ mon in gardens, chiefly as a weed, though much used by the natives of Coromandel, as a pot-herb. 3. P. guadrifida. Willd. 2. 860. Creeping ; joints hairy. Leaves oblong, fleshy. Flow- ers subsessile, with four floral leaves ; petals four; sta-. mens ten or twelve. Teling. Pedda pail-kura. It is much like P. meridiana, but a much rarer plant, and considerably larger in all its parts, in the form, &e. of its stems, branches, leaves, hairs that surround the joints, and the insertion of the leaves and flowers, four terminal leaves, or bractes, &c. they are nearly alike ; but in this species there are from ten to twelve stamens, and always: four stigmas, which are the chief marks by which it is dis- tinguished from meridiana, _ The natives do not eat this sort ; they reckon it very unwholesome, and apt to produce stupefuction: The flowers expand at or before noon, and continue open till near sun-set ; this is another circumstance which marks its being a distinct species, and no variety of P. meridiana, — 4. P. tuberosa. R. ee pe 4 Root tuberosus and villous, Leaves alternate, lance olate. Flowers terminal. . . A native of the Circars. It flowers during the rainy season, TALINUM. Juss. ie Calys two-leaved.. Corol five-petalled. Germ super ne or, one-celled, many-seeded ; attachment inferior. bana ae sule three-valved, one-celled. Seeds several. eg a! Euphorbia. DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. AG5 T. cuneifolium, Willd. 2. 864. Leaves obovate, cuneate, smooth, entire, fleshy. Pa- nicle terminal, inferior peduncle from two to four-flower- ed. . ork Native place uncertain. In the Botanic garden at Calcutta, it flowers chiefly during the rains, and ripens abundance of seed in the cool season. PEMPHIS. Forst. Calyx tubular, twelve-toothed. Petals six. Germ se- mitrilocular ; ovula many ona receptacle rising from the bottom of the cell. Capsule superior, one-celled, many- Seeded, _P. angustifolia, R. Shrubby, hoary. Leaves opposite, sessile, lanceolar. _ Found by Colonel Hardwicke, growing on the shores in corol sand between Port Louis and Petit Rivier, on the Mauritius ; in flower in August. At a distance, he says, it resembles much a common Myrtle bush. DODECAN DRIA TRIGYNIA. EUPHORBIA. Schreb.. gen n. 823. Calyx one-leafed, gibbous, Corol four or ive petalled, i sitting on the calyx. Capsule tricoccous. ses - LE. figularia. R. Arboreous ; branches five-angled. Flowers stipulary. Leaves petioled, wedge-shaped. Peduncles from thige to fifteen-flowered, : B Ligularia. ris Amb. icdei 40. Beng. Munsa-sij. - Thave only found this , plant i in Boogsl, about the Ggz os * 466 DODECGANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Euphorbia. Poot houses of the natives. Flowering time the months. of ‘February and March; when perfectly destitute of otaaas ‘ ripe seed not seen, ; Root branchy. . Trunk when twenty years old, coma and scabrous, often a foot in diameter, the whole height of the largest trees seldom more than twenty feet. Branches scattered, ascending, having the young shoots constant- ly five-sided, angled, somewhat spirally disposed and armed with elevations like the teeth of the largest saw 5 each of these supports a leaf, and a pair of short, sharp, black, hard, stipulary thorns. Like the other species every part abounds with acrid milky juice, which is em- ployed toremove warts, cure cutaneous eruptions, &c. Leaves alternate, about the summits of the branches, short-petioled, inserted singly on the elevations, or set ratures of the angles of the branches, wedge-shaped, e- tire, waved, fleshy, smooth on both sides, almost vein- less from six to twelve inches long, and two or three broad, deciduous at the beginning of the cool season, and appearing again after the flowers decay, in March or April. Peduncles solitary in the sinuses between the serratures of the angles of the branchlets, short, once, twice, or thrice dichotomous, with a sessile flower in the forks, that is, bearing three, seven, or fifteen flowers. The sessile flower which is the largest, is often el- tirely male, the lateral, or terminal peduncled ones have always been found to contain one pistil ; and male florets. Flowers middling sized, greenish yellow. Bractes reniform, opposite, embracing the base of the pedicels on the outside, withering. Calyx* five pith 7) Zhe calyx and corol, as hinted. by that excelent Botan Jussieu, in his Genera Plantarum, page 424, may be re a common perianth, “da Sasliers to asany janine a dds Henly bowen Pam or A eect: ee) — DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 467 led. Petals round-cordate, fringed with a finely ragged. margin inserted into the calyx, just under its fissures. Sta- mina collected into five fascicles; male florets of about five each, which expand in succession, and are sur- rounded with an uncertain number of finely divided. pe- tals, or scales. Anthers four-lobed, Germ. pedicelled, somewhat two-lobed, three-celled, with one seed in each, attached to the top of the axis. Style short. Stigma three-cleft. . This plant is sacred to Munsa, the goddess of ser- pents. The root of the tree mixed up with black pepper, is employed for the cure of their bites; both internally and externally. In the months of July and August, on Tuesdays and Saturdays, the natives approach the tree with offerings, and pray to Munsa to be preserved from the bite of snakes. I suspect this and Euphorbia nerei- folia, have hitherto been considered as one species, both being quoted for the last by Linnzeus, Burman, &c. I have for these fourteen years had both growing in this garden, so that I do not hesitate to pronounce them to- tally distinct, and clearly marked. 2. E. nereifolia. Willd. 2. 984. Arboreous. Branches round. Thorns stipulary. Leaves subsessile, wedge-shaped. Peduncles thiee-flowered. -Ela-calli. Rheed. Mal. 2. t. 43. Tithimalus — Pluck. 2. t.'330. pc sa Bsissendaan bb tilda seu witht eseiadia. gular, orcornered, and armed with stipulary spines, namely, E. anti- quorum ; and three other East Indian triangular species, one round E. nereifolia, five and one-angled ligularia of Rumphius; and ve- Ty lately from Pegu, a small, shrubby, tuberous-rooted unarmed Species, with similar flowers, has come to my knowledge ; 4 drawing ae emer Sheenet prunes this under the name E. sessi- flora, » aliases 2 a jzoda to tied whe eat wo: “Gg? % 468 DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Euphorbia. Beng. Sij. It grows to be a small, poor looking tree, dslightingtee an almost dry, barren soil. Flowering time the hot season. 3. E. antiquorum. Willd. 2. 881. Shrubby, leafless, | Branches spreading, irianaid armed with double spines at the protuberances of the an- gles. Peduneles solitary or in pairs ; three-flowered. Sanscrit, Seehoondee. Beng. Nara-shij. Teling. Buma chumadoo, Schadida calli. Rheed. Mal, 2... 42, 4 . Very common on barren uncultivated lands allo over India. In Bengal it blossoms during the cold season. A, E. arborescens. R. - 5 SES Arboreous, leafless. Branches numerous, ascending, triangular, armed, as in antiqguorum, Native place uncertain, but I believe, Bengal. a the Botanic garden at Calcutta it grows to be a pretty large tree, with a round distinct trunk, and numerous branches forming a large, dense, subglobular head. —5b.E. lactea. R, Shrubby, ereet. postin erect, appressed, wianglas armed, leafless. A native of the Moluccas, differing: ne ‘antiquorin in being more slender, in having the centre of the three Sides milky, coloured; and particularly in.the erect 4P- pressed habit of the numerous. branches. It has bee be psa Yeas. in the. Botanic garden at pens: but bas TRS 45 Be: bet ee ti ves . ae Sh i 169% wie tah i GR trigona. R. i Se eer oe Shrabby, three-sided ; egies acenay’ ‘repand w pair of short spines, ned. a sues sessile obovate _ cite Euphorbia. DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA, 469 leaf from the apex of each tubercle, Peduncles thrée-' flowered. This pretty species of Euphorbia was brought from the Molucca Islands to the Botanic garden at Cal- cutta in 1798, where it thrives well, and blossoms in Fe- bruary, March, and April. Stem erect, three-sided, with a few scattered, ascending, smooth, deep green, succulent branches ; these are all three-sided, with the angles considerably extended into large, scollop-toothed tubercles; the extretnity of each is armed with two short, sharp spines, and like the rest of the family every part abounds with much aerid, milky juice ; the general height of the plants, when ten years old, six or seven feet. Leaves solitary, one between each pair of spines at the end of the tubercles, sessile, wedge- shaped, entire, smooth on both sides, having the upper side of a deep green, and being much paler underneath, from one to two inches long, and less than half that in breadth. Stipules, on the upper side of the base of each Spine, is a small, somewhat acute, hard, brown gland, not unlike the spines themselves, but much smaller, Pe- duncles from the sinuses on the angles of the branches, short, thick, generally three-flowered, the main one ses- sile, containing five fascicles of staminary male florets Only ; the lateral pedicelled flowers, contain one female and five male florets, Calyx in both five-parted ; segments two-edged, entering the calyx below its fissures, roundish, jagged, incurvate over the male and hermaphrodite flow- ers, there are five segments of the male florets those are in fascicles of about six each, lengthening and expand- ing in succession, these are also surrounded by several multifid. scales, or petals.© Aathzrs of two round lobes- Germ superior, short-pedicelled, ovate, three-sided, three- Celled, with one seed in each, attached to the top of the axis, Style short, half three-cleft. ee came Sones “a meee not found. shgarts : ‘] PP eI re rig ; Wes) GaRs EPIRA ES * 470 DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Euphorbia.. 7. E. Tirucalli, Willd. 2. 890. Arboreous, unarmed branchlets, cylindric, susculedls polished, from alternate to crowded. Leaves linear, ses-' sile. Flowers terminal, and in the forks of the branch- — lets. gn Tirucalli. Rheed. Mal. 2. t. 44. Ossifraga-lactea. Rumph. Amb. 7. t. 29. Beng. Lunka sij. Tam. Tirw calli. A native of various parts of India ; when well advanc- | ed in age and size it flowers during the rains. About Madras it is very generally employed for fences, and rages called Milk hedge. oF Trunk of old trees as thick as a man’s thigh or more. Bark dark olive-coloured and cracked. Wood white, pret- ty close grained, and of a middling hardness, Branches very numerous ; young shoots from alternate to crowd: ed into the form of an umbel, proliferous, succulent, smooth, polished, green points abrupt. Every parta- bounding in an acrid milky juice. General height of what may be called large trees, twenty feet. Leaves alternate, remote, and at the end of the twigs chiefly sessile, lineat; smooth, small and fleshy. Flowers at the end of the twigs and in the divisions of the branchlets, crowded, subses- sile, chiefly female, or abortive hermaphrodite, small, pale yellow. Calyx campanulate ; mouth enlarged by three or four, or more generally five, flat, roundish, smooth, — peltate, horizontal segments, on the inside of the bell, woolly. Corol, I could find no other than the peltate s€8°_ ments of the calyx. Stamina very uncertain, more fre-! ber not found, when present very few, involved in ; Anthers two-lobed. Germ pedicelied, woolly, Mee with one seed in each attached to thetoP of the axis. Style recurved. Stigmas bifid, with enlarged glandular heads. Capsule the size of a large pea, villous; hard, dark brown, three-lobed, three-celled, six-valved: on * Euphorbia. DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. 471 Seed solitary, ovate. Integuments two, the inner one a white membrane adhering to the exterior one. Perisperm and embryo as in the other Euphorbia. 8. E. dichotoma. R. - Somewhat shrubby, hairy. Leaves opposite, oval, ser- rate, three-nerved, hairy. Flowers in terminal and axil- lary heads, imbricated with hairy scariose bractes. Corol of four large obcordate, membranaceous petals. Found by Dr, Hunter at Oojjein; it blossoms in Octo- 9. E. cuneifolia. R. Shrubby, particularly near the root, erect. Leaves al- ternate, sessile, cuneiform, entire, smooth. Umbel trifid then bifid. Involucres sgt. involucels cordate. Cap- sules smooth. - Found by Colonel Hardwicke in the northern parts of Hindoostan ; in flower in March. 10, E. sessiliflora. R. Root tuberous. Stém simple, round, smooth. Leaves alternate, postin, oblong, obtuse. Flowers Scoot ses- Sile, This pretty little species was brought from Pegue by the Rey. Mr. Felix Carey to this garden, where it blos-_ Soms freely during the month of February, at which time — itis perfectly destitute of leaves; like the rest it is abund- antly lactescent. | Root an irregularly shaped single tuber, about the size of 4 potatoe, in our small plants, Stem erect, simple, round, Smooth, about a foot high. Leaves sessile, alternate, oblong, obtuse, smooth, entire, nearly veinless ; about three inches long and about half as much broad, deuidix : Us in the cold season, and appearing — the rains . set in, when erie done flowering, — Stipz 2 /*- 472 DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA, Euphorbia. minute glandular point on each side of the insertion of leaves. Flowers axillary, sessile, solitary, or paired with the rudiments of one or two more pressing on opposite sides of the fleshy base of the common calyx, and covered by an angular bracte. Calyx common, its mouth divided into five equal semilunar coloured segments, Petals five, red, equal, with the apex incurved and deeply cut into filiform segments, Stamina in five fascicles of five each. Germ oval, Style scarcely any. Stigma trifid. 11. E. acaulis. R. a8 Root tuberous, perennial, stemless, unarmed. Leaves radical, fleshy, sessile, cuneiform, smooth, with curled margins, crenulate, and callous, with a circular apex- Peduncles from the crown of the (now leafless) tuber, three, five, or seven-flowered. A native of Bengal. From Poornea Mr. B. Smith sent me a plant to the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where it flowers in March, its leafless period, but has not yet produced ripe seeds. The leaves spread much and are deciduous about the end of the rains, and appear after the flowers have perished, in Apriland May. As in our East Indian armed Euphorbias, the flowers are compound, atis several male corollets surround the pistillum. Tas 12. E. hirta. Willd. 2. 897. Annual, hairy, oblique, with the apices recurved. Leaves opposite, obliquely oblong, serrulate, Gegheles axilla) peduncled, globular. ico Beng. Bura keru. 2300 _Tithymalus botryoides. Burm. zeyl. 223. t. 104. A common weed every where, and in n flower and whole year. ) ta 13. E. sit ge Willd. 2, 898. z : : _ Annual, smooth, dichotomous, oblique. Leaves opp * Euphorbia, § DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIAs 473 site, obliquely-oblong, serrulate, smooth. Flowers inter- foliaceous, many on acommon peduncle, one ona proper peduncle of the same length. Calyx and corol unilate- ral, and each of four parts. A native of various parts of India, and in flower near- ly all the year, 14, E. glauca. Willd. 2. 916. Erect, smooth. Leaves lanceolate, entire. Umbel quin- quifid-trifid. Involucres linear-oblong, involucells ovate- cordate. Inside of the calyx woolly. — A native of Hindoostan. 15. E. thymifolia. Willd, 2. 898. Branches pressing flat on the earth, coloured, hairy. Leaves opposite, obliquely ovate, serrate. Flowers axil- lary, crowded, short-peduncled. Calyx and corol of four semilateral parts each. . Beng. Swet-kerua. A native of gravelly spots, and in flower most part of the year. 16, E. uniflora. R. Annual, dichotomous, diffuse, filiform, smooth. Leaves Somewhat linear, with the base obliquely cordate, and Serrulate toward the apex. Flowers solitary. Petals with a large gland on the inside. Capsules smooth. Common on dry barren spots, such as neglected gravel ; walks, &c, flowering all the year. hee’ E. ST neemath Willd. 2. 999. | Root perennial. ‘Branches spreading flat on n the mek smooth, and sub-dichotomous. Leaves opposite, obliquely- Oblong, serrulate, Flowers axillary, ia cle Beng. Chota-kerua, Hhbh 474 DODECANDRIA TRIGYNIA. Euphorbia. A native of Coromandel and Niateend on it is in flower and fruit at different periods through the year, Trunk tolerably sthatehi quickly dividing into numer- ous spreading branches, forming a large extensive, dense head. Bark of the old woody parts brown, but pretty smooth; that of the young shoots polished, ofacleargreen. Leaves opposite, stem-clasping, oblong, entire’). with a, Tounded apex, firm and glossy, from six to eight, oie hes eid 3 ; dangnh 484 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Eugenia. long, and from three to four broad. | Peduncles lateral, short, three-flowered, trifid ; each division three-flowered. Flowers large, white, inodorous. Calyx four-parted; the opposite segments unequal. Petals four, nearly round. Stamina numerous, &c. as in the genus. Germ turbinate, two-celled, with several ovula attached to the thickened middle of the partition. Style about as long as the stamina. Stigmaacute. Berry round, the size ofa’ _ small apple, greenish yellow when ripe. Pulp of a soft, rather spongy texture, and sweet insipid taste, rarely more than one-celled, containing one or two large, oval, more or less compressed seeds, covered witha soft’ _ white integument, the abortive cell, and its contents are~ very evident in the ripe fruit of this species. Perisperm none. _ Embryo conform to the seed. | Cotyledons of a thick, firm, fleshy texture, and nearly equal. Ca generally near the middle of the cotyledons. i The cultivation of this species cannot well be recom mended, on account of its fruit ; but the tree is one of -_ most handsome of the genus. peach 4, E. Jambolana. Lamarck. Encycl. 3. 150. . Leaves oblong, entire, sub-acuminate. Panicles below the leaves. Calyx entire. Berry oblong, and often heer liquely so. ” Calyptranthes Jambolana. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. 2 z 975. . Perin-njara. Rheed. 5. t. 29. Jumboo, Jumboo, Sanscrit names. Beng. Kalla-jam. ‘Telling. Nasedoo. — This grows to be a large tree, is common every’ where, both in its wild and cultivated states; every soil and ay j tuation suiting it equally well, Flowering time the be- ginning of the hot Season, The fruit ripens in Jalyand | August. Eugenia. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. =—«-_ 485 ‘Trunk generally a little crooked. Bark whitish with a few cracks. Branches the larger irregular, the smaller depending ; the whole forming a very large; beautifal, shady head. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong, . pointed, waved, smooth, shining, firm, from four to five inches long, and two broad. Stipules none. Panicles often opposite on the naked branchlets, just below the leaves, middle-sized, globular, cross-armed, rigid, and subdivided by them. _ Calyx cup-form, with the margin entire, permanent. Petals four, orbicular, claws very short, insertedinto the mouth of the corol. Anthers small. Germ inferior. Style rather shorter than the stamens, declining. Stigma acute. Berry roundish, about the. Size of a large cherry, succulent, smooth, when ripe. black. Seed one, roundish, smooth. The wood of this tree is hard, close grained, and dur- able ; it is of course used for various purposes. . The bark is strongly astringent, and dyes excellent dur- able browns of various shades according to the corrosive employed, or the strength of the decoction. The fruits are universally eaten when ripe, by man and birds ; they are of a subacid, astringent taste. , There is a variety of the fruit in the northern and mountainous parts of the coast of a sar ealility; and as large as a pigeon’s egg. 5. C. obtusifolia. R. Leaves elliptic, obtuse, polished ; seaisie below. the leaves. Corol calyptrate. Berry oblong, one-seeded. Jambolifera pedunculata. Gert. sem. 1. 178. t. 36. Jambolana.. Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 42. A tree of considerable size, a native of the Moluccas. Inthe Botanic garden at Calcutta, where it has been — about twelve years, it blossoms in March, and the fruit . 5: ripens in June. It differs from E, Jambolana of the onti- 486 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Eugenia. nent of India, only in the leaves being obtuse, and ffe- quently emarginate, as in Rumphius’s figure. Jambosa Ceramica. Rumph. Amb.1. t. 41. seems a spe- . cies still undescribed, except by Rumphius, which I have not yet met with. 6. E. operculata. R. sing Trunk short, thin of branches. Leaves short-petioled, oblong, smooth, coarsely veined. Panicles lateral, brachi- ate, collecting the flowers in sessile, terminal heads. Calyx entire ; corol operculate. Berries spherical. From Amboyna this tree was brought to the Botani¢ garden at Calcutta, where it blossoms in March and pit and the seeds ripen in May and June. ’ 7..E. caryophylifolia. Lamarck. Leaves oblong-lanceolate.’ Panicles below the leaves cross-armed., Calyx obtusely four-toothed. Corol four petioled, deciduous without expanding. Berry globular. 4 Calyptranthes Caryophyllifolia, Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. 2. 975. % ‘Myrtus Cuminum. Linn. sp. pl. 674. Jambosa Ceramica. Rumph. Amb. 1. t.41. Beng. Chota Jamb. “ A native of various parts of India, growing iieunaote ly in almost every soil, and situation. Flowering | time | the hot season. ‘Trunk seldom straight, nor long, but thick, ait cover ed, as well as the numerous spreading branches, W"” srbtoit ash-coloured bark, the smaller branches, and twigs are generally pendulous. Leaves opposite, petioled, ding, oblong-lanceolate, waved, very smooth, and shi ing on both sides, with numerous, most slender, P ‘z ed veins ; from three to four inches long, and ‘about i. broad. Petioles about an inch long, channelled. ser Eugenia, ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 487 cles diverging from the naked branchlets below the leaves, cross-armed, rigid. Flowers numerous, small. Calyx cup-shaped, obscurely four-toothed. Corol, petals four or five, orbicular, concave, sessile, they seldom or never expand, but are pushed off by the stamens in one cup- shaped body like the calyptra in mosses. Stamens nu- merous. Berry round, but in general disfigured, by de- pressions or pits, size of a large pea, when ripe black. _ Observation. This tree comes exceedingly near my Eugenia Jambolana, but when found growing together, it is evidently different. I considered them as one, or at ‘Most as varieties of one species, until I met with them both together in this garden, and, have now raised plants from the seeds of each, and they continue distinct. The best distinguishing marks are stated in the defini- tion ; besides, the /eaves and fruit of Jambolana are much larger in the same soil ; particularly the fruit, and also uniformly of an oblong shape. Perin Njara. Rheed. Mal. vol. 5, t. 29. is evidently the last mentioned. ‘The wood is whitish, very strong, close grained, hard and durable. The fruit scarcely eatable, whereas many reckon that of Jambolana good, particularly if soaked in a lit- tle salt and water for about an hour, which removes a great part of their superabundant astringency. 8, E. fruticosa, R. Shrubby. Leaves from broad-oblong to oval, finely veined. Panicles lateral. Flowers numerous. Calyx en- tire. Peduncles and pedicells square. Corol four-petiol- ed, but generally deciduous, in form ofa lid. Hind. and Beng, Bun-Jamb. A large shrub or small tree, a native of Chittagong, It flowers during the hot season, and its very small seeded berries ripen early in the rainy igre ' {ode ~ 488 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Eugenia. 9. E. brachiate. R. Arboreous. Leaves elliptic, Spiiies-Sinited? Panicles lateral. Peduncles and pedicells four-seeded. peice en- tire. Berries spherical. A native of Amboyna. In the Botanic garden at Cal- — cutta it blossoms in May, and the fruit ripens in July ; they are about the size of pease, dark purple or black, and of an astringent taste. It is nearly allied to frutico- sa, but grows to a much greater size ; the leaves are broad- er and more obtuse, and in the same gardenit has taken eleven years from the seed to blossom, while saiaiabeies requires only three or four. dient’ 10. E. claviflora. R Leaves \anceolar. Corymbs lateral, subsessile, umbelli« form; flowers clavate. Berries long, ovate, crowned with the cyathiform base of the calyx. Lumba-nuli-jamb the vernacular name in Chittagong, where it is indigenous, and grows to be a stout useful tim- ber tree, of very considerable size. Flowering time Febru- ary and March, and the fruit which is eaten by see? na- — te in May. u. EB Spteatidles. R. Leaves short-petioled, from oval to oblong, — coarse-veined. Panicles lateral, brachiate. Fruit round, of the size and appearance of small black cherries. -Botee Jam, the vernacular name in Chittagong, where : it is indigenous. Its trunk is so large as to furnish plaa for various purposes. Flowering time April and May, and the fruit, which is very generally eaten, ripens in Jaly- 12. E precox. R. Leaves opposite, petioled, lanceolar, rather obtuse, coarsely veined. Panicles lateral and axiletie Soar iil : MRE onkior eel enaee, = . ed, Involucre two-leaved. _ Berries spherical, smooth. Eugenia. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 491 Myrtus Coromandeliana. Kon. Mss. Myrtus bracteata. Willd. 2. 969. Teling. Gorag-moodee. Hind. and Beng. Hijulee Mendee. It grows in great abundance on the sand hills near to the sea on the coast of Coromandel. 19. E. polygama. R. Polygamous. Leaves short-petioled, elliptic, cuspi- date. Panicles axillary on some trees, and not on others, villous, Stigma capitate. . A native of the Malay Archipelago. I have not seen. the pericarp, its genus is therefore uncertain, particalar- ly as it has a capitate stigma. 20. E. venusta. R. Arboreous, with numerous drooping branchlets. Leaves : broad-lanceolar, obtusely acuminate. Panicles axillary and terminal, brachiate, shorter than the leaves, ultimate divisions three-flowered. . From Tippera, where this elegant tree is indigenous, the seeds were received into this garden, where in six years the largest of the young trees was about twelve feet high, clothed with innumerable slender, drooping branches down to the ground. Bark of the woody parts dark brown and smooth, of the tender shoots green and smooth. Leaves opposite, short petioled, from lanceolar to ob- long ; when the plants were younger they were much narrower in proportion to their length, entire, firm, highly Polished, obtusely acuminate; from three to four inches long, and one and a half broad. Panicles axillary, more rarely terminal, shorter than the leaves, composed of brachiate pairs of branches with their ultimate divisions _ three-flowered, all round and smooth. Flowers like those of the common myrtle, and about the - ‘same size. Jalyx four-toothed. Corol of four short-clawed, orbicu- Jjj2 492 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Eugenia. lar, concave, reddish petals. Germ two-celled, with re, ovula in each, &c. 21. E. acuminata. R. . Leaves broad-lanceolar, acuminate, polished, finely veined, Peduncles axillary, terminal, many-flowered. Corol operculate. Berries round. A small, but tall, handsome tree, a vative of the Mo- luccas ; in the Botanic garden at Calcutta it Bowers in rey and the fruit ripens in June. 22. E. cymosa. R. Arboreous. Leaves oblong, polished, hard. Cymes ter- minal and axillary, crowded. Buttee Jamb, the vernacular name in Silhet where the tree is indigenous ; it grows to a great size, and the wood is used for various economical purposes. Flowering time December. 4 93. E. aquea. R. . Arboreous, trunk soon divided. Leaves opposite, sub- sessile, oblong-lanceolate, entire. Peduncles ter and from the exterior axills, many-flowered. Fruit flat- tened at both ends, (turnip-shaped.) _Jambosa aquea. Rumph. Amb. 1. p. 126. t. 38. f. 2- tho rose-coloured-variety, and Jambo-ayer. Rumph. isso p. 126. the white. : Both the above varieties have been introduent ‘from the Moluccas iuto the Botanic garden at Calcutta, whet they thrive luxuriantly, and blossom during the month March, the fruit ripens in May and June. Trunk short ; branches numerous down to the soma Bark smooth, Rak-coloured : whole height from twenty to twenty-five feet. aces opposite, very short-p® tioled, sublanceolate, with their narrow base some ae what cordate; meg entire, smooth on both. sides. mm. Eugenia. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. A493 duncles terminal, and from three to five or seven large, white flowers, on peditels of various length. Calyx the four segments of the border subreniform. Petals subro- tund, rather larger than the divisions of the calyx. Fila- ments numerous, twice the length of the petals. Anthers small, oblong. Germ broad-turbinate, two-celled, with the rudiments of many seeds in each. Style longer than the stamina. Stigma acute, Fruit about the size of a large Medlar, somewhat turbinate, with both ends much flattened ; surface smooth and polished, but uneven, and in the first noticed variety of a most beautiful lively pale rose colour, and aromatic taste, containing from one to four seeds, though in the germ, asin all the other spe- cies I have examined, there are the rudiments of a great - many. The other variety, Jumbo ayer, has the fruit per- fectly white, there is no other difference. The tree which bears the rose, or pink coloured va- riety, is conspicuously beautiful, when the drooping branches of the fuil grown, brilliant coloured fruit, ap- pear through the dark deep green leaves. 24. E. alba. R. Trunk rarely straight, and soon divided. Leaves sub- Sessile, oblong. §Peduncies lateral and terminal, bra- chiate, many flowered, Flowers nig Berries de- pressed, turbinate, Beng. Jamrool. . A native of the Malay Islands. In the Botanic gar- den at Calcutta, this rather low, very ramous tree blos- soms, and bears immense crops of large pure white shin- ing fruit during the hot and rainy seasons, but they are ~ ic tt and quite watery. 25, E. oblata. R. _ Leaves opposite, broad lanceoiar, obtusely-acaminate. Panicles terminal, with smaller axillary corymbiform fas- 494 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Eugenia. cicles in the axills, all shorter — theleaves. Berries transversely oval. . Goolum, the vernacular name in Chittagong, where it is found wild, as well as cultivated for its edible fruit ; the wood is also in some estimation. It blossoms in March, and the fruit ripens in June and July. 26. E. lanceefolia. R. Leaves short-petioled, lanceolate, with the base ete ed, acuminate, smooth. Panicles axillary and terminal, globular, shorter than the leaves. Berries oblong, crown- ed with the entire calyx. 1 Poora-Jamb, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is ‘indigenous in the forests of that district, and grows to be one of the largest trees. Flowering time November, and the seed ripens in February ; uncommon periods for an Eugenia to flower and ripen its fruit ; this I am in- clined to consider one of the most elegant ne most use- ful species of this extensive, and truly superb genus. x 27. E. lanceolaria, R. Leaves short-petioled, narrow-lanceolar. Flowers tet minal, about fifteen, corymbose-fascicled. Berries wit gularly round lobate. Pounee-Jamb, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it grows to be a small smooth tree of from ten to twelve feet in height, the flowers very large, rosy, and somewhat fra- grant, which with the elegant foliage, renders it one of the prettiest of this _very grand family. It flowers in May, the fruit ripens in December, and, though as large asa small apple, is not eaten, the pulp being in - quantity and tough. . 28. E. esisen: Willd. 2. 959. Trunk rarely straight and soon dividing. Leaves iat io ceolate.~ Flowers terminal. Berries globular. — Eugenia. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 495 Malacca schambu. Rheed. Mal. 1. t.17. Jambosa sylvestris alba. Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 39. Jamba the Sanscrit name. Asiat. Res. 1. 419. Beng. Gulab-jamb. Found common in gardens in most parts of India and its Islands. 29. E. caryophyllata. Willd. 2. 965. Leaves from lanceolar to oblong, acute. Corymbs ter- minal, Berries oblong, one, rarely, two-seeded. Luvunga, the Sanscrit name. Pers. Meykuk. English. Clove tree. On the Molucea Islands site ew trees are indige- nous they begin to blossom when about nine years old; the average produce is about two, or two and a half pounds of cloves yearly. Arab. Kerunpul, Beng. Lung. -Caryophyllus aromaticus. sp. pl. 735. Gert. sem, t. 167. 33. Caryophyllus. Rumph. Amb. 2. t. 1. 2. 3. 30. E. leptosperuma. R. Leaves short petioled, lanceolate, coriaceous, polish- ed. Panicles terminal, very ramous. Calyx acetabu- liform, obscurely five-toothed, Stigma two-toothed. _A native of the Island of Romoa. 31. E. Thumra. R. Leaves lanceolar, polished. Panicles terminal, extreme, Temote, many-flowered. Divisions of the calyx subrotund ; petals reniform, sessile. Sent trom Pegue by the Rev. Mr. F. aaa under the 3 Vernacular name Thumra. ge: ‘496 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Eugenia. 32. E. pulchella. R. Leaves broad-lanceolar, acuminate, finely veined, lucid, Panicles terminal, divided in a triternate form ; peduncles and pedicells four-seeded. Berries spherical. A very beautiful, slow growing, small tree; a native of the Molucca Islands. Flowering time in the Botanic garden of Calcutta March and April, and the fruit which is like the black currant, ripens in the early part of the. rains. . 33. E. Inophylla. R. * Trunk straight to the top of the tree. Leaves from oval to oblong, finely-veined and polished. | Panicles termi- nal, corymbiform. Calyx obscurely from four to five- lobed. Corol from four to five-petalled. Berries turbi- nate. A native of the Moluccas. It flowers during the hot season in the Botanic garden at Calcutta. . _ Although it resembles the clove tree, it possesses m kind of fragrance’ The large pear-shaped berries até not eatable, the pulpy part or rather cortex being of a hard tough texture and unpleasant taste. 34. E. rubens, R. Leaves short-petioled, opposite, and subalternate, ' Jan- ceolar, obtuse, fine-veined, hard and glossy. P terminal, ultimate divisions often umbelliferous. A large timber tree, a native of the extensive frets Chittagong, where it is called Kuree Jamb. It flowers is April ; the fruit which is eaten by boys, ripens alieat sai eres of the rains. 2 35. E. glandulifera. R. OF Shrubby. “Leaves broad-lanceolate, highly aie? : Panicles terminal, brachiate; ramifications simple ae Myrtus. IGCOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. _ 497 umbelliferous. Calyx five-toothed, and with the germs and pedicells glandular. A native of Sumatra. 36. E. macrocarpa. R. Leaves subsessile, lanceolate, acuminate, base narrow- cordate. Peduncles terminal, few-flowered. Berries sphe- tical, of the size of a large orange, crowned with the four- lobed permanent calyx. Chalta-jamb, the vernacular name in Chittagong, where it is indigenous in the forests amongst the timber trees. Flowering in April, and the immensely large fruit, resem- bling that of the Chalta, (Dillenia indica now called Speciosa, ) which is eaten by the natives, ripens in August and September. , 37. E. corymbosa. R. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, entire, smooth. Corymbs ter- minal, decompound. Calyx with large round divisions. Berries globular. _ A native of the Moluccas, MYRTUS. Schreb. gen. n. 844. _ Calyx five-cleft ; petals five. Berry inferior, from two to five-celled, with a few gibbous seedsineach, 1. M. communis. Willd. 2. 967. Flowers sub-solitary. Involucre two-leaved. Arab. Isbor. Hind. Belatee mendee. | Common in gardens, it flowers during the cold season, i am not certain that this species is found indigenous in any part of India. : Pa ae ‘498 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Feetidia. 2. M. tomentosa, Willd. 2. 960. oat Shrubby. Leaves short-petioled, oblong, three-nerved, — hoary underneath. Peduncles axillary, one flowered. Bractes two at the bottom of the germ. Berry oval, cells - uncertain ; seeds very numerous, 3. M. canescens. biaee Cochin Ch, 381. Arbor sinensis, &c. Pluk. am. p. 21. t. 372. f. l.is oa A native of the Island of Pulo Penang, as opie as of © —— Cochin China, &c. EUCALYPTUS. WU Herit. ee Calyx permanent truncated, before flowering covered with an entire deciduous lid. Corol none. Capsule in- ferior, four-celled, opening at top, many-seeded. ’ E, moluccana. R. oS * Lid conical, shorter than the calyx. Panicles lateral, - composed of peduncled heads, of six or seven flowers. Leaves alternate, petioled, lanceolate, entire, firm and | polished. _ a A native of the Molucca Islands, differing from all es .the species described by Dr. Smith in the 3d vol. of pees Transactions of the Linnean Society, in having lateral panicles, composed of heads of six or seven flowers. FETIDIA. Juss. Calyx superior, four-parted. Corol. Drupe shite 2 Nut ligneous, four-celled. Seeds one or-two. 23 F. mauritiana. Willd, 2, 980. Lamarck. Juss. 50. Found by Colonel Hardwicke indigenous on the Maw- Amygdalus. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 499 ritius, in seed in the month of July. Hesaysit is a fall, stout tree. ‘ Stem smooth and straight, thirty feet without ticectiin Branches diverging. The bark very tenacious, thick, en- tire; surface whitish, red within, bitter and astringent, The wood-cutters strip young shoots of the bark to bun- dle up their wood, Leaves about the ends of the branches on all sides, crowded, lanceolar, entire, smooth, with mid-rib red, sessile. PUNICA. Schreb. gen. n. 847. ’ Calyx five-cleft. Petals five. Pome inferior, many- celled, many-seeded, " P. granatum. Willd. 2. 981. Asiat. Res. xi, 175, Arboreous, Leaves lanceolate. seed ; Arab. Rana, or Ruman, — : : - Pers. Anar. Hind. Darim, also Anar. Sung. Darimba. Beng. Dalim, or Darim. Gool-anar is the Hindee name of the double flowered variety ; both are common in gardens throughout India. | A decoction of the bark of the root, has been found a sovereign remedy for the Tenia, or Tape-worm. For the knowledge of this valuable discovery, we are indebted to: Mr. Alexander Colvin, and Mr. Home of Calcutta. See - Dr. Fleming’s Account thereof in the 11th vol, of the ' Asiat. Res. above quoted. AMYGDALUS. Schreb. gen. n. 848. Calyx five-cleft, Petals five. Drupe superior, res ae a a shell ai with pores. — Kkka 500 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Prunus. 1. A. persica. Willd. 2. 982. All the serratures of the leaves acute. Flowers sessile, — and solitary. A Arab. Tuffa-parsee. Pers. Shooft-aloo. Chin. 'To is the name of the common peach, and ve to of the flat peach. Several varieties from China and Persia have been in- troduced into the gardens of India. The most uncom- mon is the flat peach from China, its fruit is vertically compressed, like a turnip. In Bengal they blossom in February and the fruit ripens in May. 2. A.-communis. Willd. 2. 982. Lower serratures of the leaves glandular. Floptns ses- sile and in pairs. Arab. and Hind. Budam. Common in Persia and Arabia I therefore pees it is a native of those countries. It does not succeed in i: dia, requiring much nursing to keep it alive. ss 3. A. cordifolia. R _ Leaves cordate, acuminate, gland-serrulate. F Towers in pairs, peduncled, Nut hairy. A native of China, and now common in sailed about Calcutta, where it grows to be a large very ramous tree and is cultivated for its small, yellow, succulent, acid fruit, of which tarts are often made. Flowering time 12 Bengal the coo] season, the fruit ripens in the hot seasom PRUNUS. Schreb. gen. n. 849. Calyx five-cleft; Petals five. Drupe eiagicts — re nut having Prominent sutures, | at ae | se i Prunus. ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 501 1. P. cerasus. Willd. 2. 991. Umbels sub-peduncled, Leaves ovate-lanceolate, smooth, folded together, Arab. Kerasya, or Jerasya, Pers. Aloo-baloo. A native of Persia, &c. 2. P. armeniaca. Willd. 2. 989. Flowers sessile. Leaves subcordate. Hind. Khoo-banee. Arab. Bin-kook, also Tuffa-urmena. Pers. Mishmish, A native of China, as well as the west of Asia. ~ 3. P. silvatica, R. Peduneles short, few-flowered. Leaves oblong, cuspi- date, finely-serrate, polished, having two glands at the base. Bractes ovate, sessile, pectinato-serrate. Prunus, Hardwicke in Asiat. Res. 6. 362. Found wild by Colonel Hardwicke, and afterwards by Mr. Francis Pierard; a tree of considerable size on the mountains norih of Hurdwar. 4. P. trifolia. R. , Unarmed. Peduncles tern. Leaves oblong, very fine- ly gland-serrate, smooth, in the bud equitant. Drupes cordate, 2 Chin. Hong-sum-li. This elegant very ramous bushy shrub has been re- ceived from China, into our gardens in Bengal, where it blossoms in Febryary, immediately after which the luxu- tiant foliage expands, and the fruit, which is about the Size of the common plum, and nent as pesnees eset in May and June, : Trunk in our young oadiivated trees, ot rather shrubs, _ Very short, soon dividing into numerous branches and 502 ICOSANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Alangium, branchlets in all directions from diverging to erect. Bark on all smooth. Leaves alternate, in the bud equitant, pe- tioled, recurved, oblong, tapering equally at each end, ve- ry finely gland-serrate, considerably acuminate, smooth, from two to four inches long, and from one to two broad, in Bengal deciduous about the close of the year. Stipules from the base of the petioles, ensiform, gland- ciliate. Flowers very numerous, rather small, and white, short peduncled, regularly three from each bud, and there are generally two of those buds in each of the old axills, with a leaf-bearing one in the centre. Bractes, the scales of the bud, cordate, scariose, and nearly cadu- cous. Calyx, segments five, oblong ; margins glandular. Petals oval, short-clawed, the length of the peduncles. Filaments about thirty, shorter than the petals. Germ ovate, one-celled, containing two ovula attached to the same side of the cell. Style the length of the stamina. Stigma large. Drupe cordate, with an obtuse rising at the apex, the size of the common plum, and of the same purple colour, covered with a similar bloom, grooved on one side. Pulp in large quantity, ofa pale reddish yellow. Seed single, conform to the nut, Integument single. Perisperm a thin covering on one side only. Embryo inverse. Cotyledons unequal, the small one eet - and embraced by thn larger, subequitant. ALANGIUM. Juss. _ Calyx from six to seven-toothed. Corol from six tO seven-petalled. Germ inferior, one-celled, one-seeded, attachment superior. _Drupe one- seeded. geese in verse, furnished with a perisperm, “é aA ja Willd. 2.1174, - a eines with the twanohiets sometimes vending Rubus. ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 517 vex, very hairy, receptacle, one-celled, containing one ovula attached to the top of the cell. Style the length of the germ, permanent. Stigma simple. . Seeds, rather, partial berries, for they are so, from one to six, generally three or four, distinct, obliquely ovate, smooth, red and succulent ; when dry wrinkled, almost chocolate-coloured. Integuments two, the exterior one sublucid; the inner one membranaceous. Perisperm none. Embryo inverse, Coty- ledons ovate, conform to the seed. Radicle superior. It ought to be compared with Dr. Smith’s Rubus ‘pyrifolius. To me it appears to differ from his figure and description, in the leaves being broader and .cordate at the base ; in all the calycine segments being undivided, and lastl y in the petals being only alittle, say one-fourth, shorter than the calyx. ; 2. R. gowree phul. R. _ yh See Shrubby, armed with recurved prickles and (ophital, subpanicled. Peéals twice the length of the calyx. Rubous. Asiat, Res. 6. p. 364, A native of the Sewalik mountains, which bound Hindoostan on the north. -A large, bushy, perennial plant, with very long spread- ing and recurved branches, and somewhat five-sided, succulent ; branchlets armed with many sharp recurved prickles, and a great quantity of tone harsh Data ag reddish-brown hair. ' Leaves scattered, ternate. Leaflets vad. serrate, Hawn and whitish underneath, from two to four inches long. Petioles round, armed and hairy like the branches. Sti- pules petiolary, subulate. Flowers axillary, and terminal, forming small corymbiform panicles, pretty large and white. Bractes subulate downy, Calyx downy, parti- -Cularly on the outside. Petals cuneiform-obovate, twice the length of the calyx, pure white, Stamens in meee site eee Lhe Sore and of nearly ine meee’ sh 518 ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Rubus. Introduced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta, by ‘ Col. Hardwicke, where plants grow most luxuriantly ; it blossoms during during the dry months of February and March, but the berries never ripen well, nor are they so palatable as Col. H. found them in their native soil on the Sewalik mountains. 3. R. moluccanus. Willd. 2. 1086. Shrubby, prickly. Leaves simple, cordate-ovate, ser- rate, downy underneath. Panicles terminal, with axilla- ry umbellets. oH Rubus Moluccanus latifolius. Rumph. Amb. 5. p. & 47. f. 2. A native of the Malay Archipelago. A. R. paniculatus. R. Shrubby. and smooth. Prickles free. Leaves pinnate, quinate, ribbed, smooth, acutely serrate.. . Panicles ter minal, segments of the calyx subulate; petals round. A native of the Moluccas. In the Botanic garden at Calcutta, it blossoms and ripens its fruit, which is rather. tasteless, during the rainy and cool seasons, indeed more or less the whole year. 5. R, rosefolins. Smith. ic, ined, 3. 60. Willd. 2. 1080. Shrubby, erect, prickly. Leaves generally quinate, pinnate, green on both sides, doubly serrate, villous: Flowers solitary. ae A native of the Mauritius, In the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where it has Jats been introduced, it bloga bese the cold season. ice 6. R. hirtus. R, Shrubby. Stem and petioles pickdvia and very hirsute Leaves ternate ; 3 leaflets mar serrate, eilonats Pa a” Rubus. ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA,. 519 nicles terminal, composed of small umbels. Petals ob- long, length of the calyx. A native of the- mountains of the Peninsula of India. It flowers during the cold season in the Botanic Garden at Calcutta. 7. R. racemosus. R. Shrabby. Stem and petioles prickly and villous. Leaves pinnate ; leaflets from five to seven, serrate, villous, ovate, lanceolate, the exterior ones often three-lobed, Racemes terminal. Petals as long as the calyx. A native of the mountains of Mysore. © 8. R. roseflorus. R. Shrubby, erect, smooth, armed, as well as the petioles, with recurved prickles. Leaves pinnate; leaflets from seven to nine, elliptic ; serratures large and very sharp, hoary underneath. Comrybs terminal, hoary, sessile, shorter than the calyx. : Found by Captain Hardwicke in the vicinity of Serina- gur. See Asiat. Res, 6. p. 364. 9. R. albescens. R. Shrubby, long, scandent, or creeping, apices vivipar- ous ; armed with sharp, acute prickles, and clothed with a white bloom, which becomes brown by age, Leaves pin- nate; leaflets from five to seven, from cordate to ovate, oblong-serrate, hoary underneath. Stipules lanceolate. Flowers terminal. . Petals round, red, shorter than the calyx. 69 ; A native of the mountains of Malabar. In the Botanic garden at Calcutta it blossoms and ripens its bramble or freitt — the ane season, 10. Rs giacttiat Shrubby, iided tiieapiing, ees ana as + well “i \ 520 ICOSANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Fragaria. the petioles, with recurved prickles. Leaves ternate, and quinate-pinnate ; leaflets from round. cordate to oblong, doubly serrate, rugose. Stipules petiolary, lanceolate, Flowers axillary, solitary. Calyx twice the length of the spatulate, crenulate petals. Pits es A native of Nepal. It flowers during the hot season in the Botanic garden at Calcutta, FRAGARIA. Schreb. gen. n. 865. Calyx ten-cleft... Corol five-petalled. Receptacle. of the seeds ovate, succulent, and coloured like a berry. © L., F. indica. R.. | .» Roots tuberous... Leaves from ternate to quinate, Set- rate, hairy. Peduncles. opposite to the leaves of the run- ners, solitary, one-flowered... All the divisions ‘of the calyx dentate-serrate, the inner five incurved over the fruit. rb és0 vd bane It is a native of the banks of the Bruhmapootra, to the east and north-east of Bengal; the fruit is perfectly in- sipid. It flowers during the cold season in the Botanic — 7? garden at Calcutta, 2. F. malayana, R. ae sigias Runners rooting at the joints. Leaves ternate; leaflets obovate, cuneate, dentate-serrate, a little hairy- Peduncles from the joints of the runners, simple, one-flowered- Ex- terior divisions of the calyx cuneate, and deeply (three) dentate’; inner lanceolate, entire and incurved over the A native of the tops of the mountains of Palo Penang. In the Botanic garden in Bengal it is in flower and frat the whole year; and the last the berries were perfectly ‘insipid. HOCHS ehatity eiiteat 4 shagle «gl Giee i * Ternstroemia. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA, | 521 COMARUM. Schreb. gen. n. 869. : Calyx ten-cleft. Petals five, smaller than the calyx, | Receptacle (of the seed) roundish, spongy, villous, per- Manent, Seeds naked, smooth. C. flavum. Buch. Annual, with slender, short, dichotomous, villous branches. Leaves pinnate, quinate and ternate, with obo- "Yate, gashed, villous leaflets ; stipules lanceolate. A native of Nepal. It flowers about the beginning of the hot seasen in the Botanic garden at Calcutta. | CLASS XIIL. | POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. TERNSTROEMIA. Schreb. gen. n. 872. Gen. Cuar. Calyx five-leaved. _Corol one-petalled, With a staminiferous tube, and five-parted border. Anthers turbinate, with biperforate apices. Germ from three to five-celled ; cells many-seeded; attachment interior, Ber- ries superior, from three to five-celled, many seeded. __ 1. T. serrata. R. _ Leaves alternate, lanceolate, serrate, acuminate. Pe- dwicies in lateral fascicles, compound and decompound. Berries five-celled. : - Daloop the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is indi- genous, and grows to the size of the apple, or pear tree. tis used for: fuel only. Flowering time ape and May the seed ripensin July and August. Nnn aie eS 522. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Ternstroemia. Young shoots clothed with a little grey, meally pubes- cence. » Leaves alternate, petioled, from lanceolate to ob- long, serrate, acuminate, smooth, except the veins on the under side ; from five to ten inches long, and from two to three and a half broad. Petioles about an inch long, channelled, meally. | Stipules none. Peduncles \ateral, many together, drooping, divided in a triternate man- ner, with one flower on each of the ultimate divisions. Flowers small, rosy. Bractes small, opposite at the di- visions. Calyx five-leaved, permanent. Leaflets unequal, oval. Corol one-petalled. Tube gibbous, sub-campanu- late. Border of five, nearly round cordate, spreading seg- ments, which are imbricated in the bud, as in the contort. Filaments above fifty, shorter than the tube of the corol, and inserted in a double series into it near the base. Anthers turbinate, two-lobed, having a circular opening in each at the top, for the discharge of the pollen. Germ superior, ovate, five-celled, with numerous ovula in each, attached toas many vertical receptacles, which project into their cells from the axis. Style short, five-grooved, five- parted ; segments spreading and finally recurved. Stigmas transversely oval. Berries rather dry, nearly round; the size of a small pea, smooth, five-celled. Seeds a few 0 each cell, intermixed with a little pulp, oval, brown. 2. T. bilocularis. R. Branchlets, scaly ; leaves alternate, cuneate, lanceolate, acute, serrulate. Flowers in lateral fascicles below the leaves. Berries three-celled. A native of the Moluccas. Young shoots clothed with ferruginous subulate scales- pea short-petioled, cuneate, lanceolate, acute, finely serrulate, smooth, from four to six inches long and two broad. Flowers peduncled, and collected in little fascicles over the leafless branchlets, small. Calyx five-leaved ; iL - leaflets roundish, imbricated, smooth, permanent, — | Bassia, POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 523 one-petalled. Tube very short. Border of five obliquely oblong, spreading, smooth segments. Filaments from twenty to thirty, short, broad, inserted at the bottom of the tube of the corol. Anthers clavate, opening, with two pores at top. Germ superior, ovate. Style short, three- cleft; segments long and recurved. § Stigmas simple. Berry three-celled, with numerous seeds in each cell, in- serted on large receptacles, rising from the axis. BASSIA. Schreb. gen. n. 805. Gen. Cuar. Calyx four or fiye-leaved. Corol one-pe- talled ; border about eight-cleft. Germ superior, from six to eight-celled, cells one-seeded, attachment interior. Em- bryo erect, no perisperm. 1. B. longifolia. Willd. 2. 842. Gert. sem. 2. 104. ¢, 104. Leaves lanceolate. Flowers crowded round the ends of the branchlets, drooping. Stamina from sixteen to twenty, within the gibbous tube of the corol. Tam. Ulupi. A native of the peninsula of India, and found in planta- tions along the southern part of the coast of Coromandel. It flowers during the hot month of May, the seed ripens in August and September. Trunk pretty straight, and of considerable thickness, but short, in proportion to the size of the tree. Branches humerous, dividing much, and spreading far, forming a very extensive, shady head ; young shoots downy, Leaves Crowded about the ends of the branchlets immediately above the peduncles, lanceolate, smooth, entire. Petioles from one to two inches long, round, slightly villous. Sté- _ pules ensiform, downy, very early caducous. ~ Pedun- cles crowded round the base of the young villous shoots, twenty-three inches long, drooping, one-flowered. __ The Naas eg 524 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Bassia. bractes, if any, fall so soon, and are so'small, that Lhave not detected them. Calyx of two opposite pairs of ovate oblong, rather acute, somewhat villous leaflets. Corol Tube length of the calyx, gibbous, of a thick, firm, fleshy texture ; border eight-cleft; segments sub-ianceolate. Filaments scarcely any. Anthers from sixteen to twenty, attached to the inside of the tube of the corol. Germ from six to eight-celled, with one seed. in each, attached to the inner and under-side of the cell. Style twice as long as the corol. Stigma contracted, but evidently from six to eight-toothed. Berry. oblong, the size of a large plum, villous, pulpy, when ripe yellowish, seldom more than three-celled, and one ismore common; in the germ, always from six to eight. Seed solitary, oblong, of various shapes according to the number in the berries, attached to the lower half of the axis. Perisperm none. Embryo erect. Cotyledons conform to the seed. Radicle roand- ish, inferior. to I cannot account for Geertner’s large, five-celled, Pade? seeded berry, and suspect it belongs to.some species which Ihave not yet met with, probably one Rumph’s, Vidort- cum. See vol. i. of his Hor. Amb. page 173 and iii. 184. Economical uses of the Lllupie tree. © Bassia losin by the Rev. Dr. John of Tranquebar. 1. The oil pressed from the ripe fruit is used by the 2a tives as common lamp oil, who cannot afford to buy ©? coanut oil. It is thicker, burns longer but dimmer, smokes alittle, and gives some oe ona smell which common | ‘people do not mind. 2. It is a principal ingredient in pO oe country soap, and keeps therefore often the same price with the cocoanut oil. ‘3. 1t is to the common people a substitute in place of “ghee and ‘cocoanut oil in their curries and other dishes- They make cakes of it, and many of the Bett) shai ae : livelihood by — these sweet oil cakes. ices Bassia. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 525 4. It is. used to heal different out-breakings, such as the itch, &c, . 5. The cake left after the oil is ait peogendd is used for washing the head, and is carried as a small article of trade to those countries where these trees are not to be ‘found. 6. The flowers which fall in May are gathered by the common people, dried in the sun, roasted and eaten as good food. They are also bruised and boiled to a jelly, and made into small balls, which they sell or exchange for fish, rice, and various sorts of small grain. 7. The skin is taken off from the ripe fruit as well as. the unripe, and after throwing away the unripe kernel, boiled ‘to a jelly, and eaten with salt and capsicum. ' 8. The leaves are boiled with water, and givenasa medicine in several diseases to both men and cattle. 9. The milk of the green fruit and of the tender bark is given also as a medicine. y 10. The bark is used to cure the itch. “11. The wood is as hard and durable as Teak wood, but not so easily worked, nor is it procurable of such a length for beams and planks, except on clay-ground, where it grows to a considerable height, but in such a soil does not produce so many branches, and is less fruitful than when in a sandy or mixed soil, which is the best for them. In a sandy soil the branches shoot | Out nearer to the ground to a great circumference, and _Sive more fruit. | These trees require but a little atten- tion and watering. during the first two or three years in the-dry season, and being of so great use, we have here whole plantations of them. on high: and sandy grounds, where no other fruit tree will grow. ‘12. We may still add, that the owls, squirrels, lizards, Country dogs.and jackals, take a share in the flowers, but the report is that the latter, especially in the time of blos- Som, are apt to grow mad by too much feeding on them. 526 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Bassia. t & 2. B. latifolia. Willd. 2842. Corom. pl. 1. No. 19. Leaves oblong. Calyx four-leaved. Stamina from twenty to thirty, within the gibbous tube of the corol, Madhaca, is the Sanscrit name. See Asiat. Res. 1. p. 300. vol. ii. p. 301, and iv. p. 280. Mudhooka, Guroodshpoo, Madharama, st Mudhooshpootheela, Mudhoo. Mahwa, Muhooa, and Muhoola of the Bengalese. Teling. Ipie. A middling sized tree, a native of the inountainons parts of the Circars and of Bengal. Leaves deciduous dut- ing the cold season, and appearing again with the flowers in March and April. The seed ripens in July and August. Trunk straight but short, covered with smooth, ash- coloured bark. Branches very numerous, the lower ones spreading horizontally. Leaves alternate, petioled, crowd- ed about the extremities of the. branches, oblong, rigid, smooth above, somewhat whitish below, from four eight inches long, and from two to four broad. Peti- oles round, about an inch long. Stipules subulate, downy. Flowers numerous, crowded from the extremities of the branchlets, peduncled, at all times bowing, viz. bent with the mouth of the flower directly to the ground. Pedun eles about an inch long, round, thickened, covered with rust-coloured down. Calys as in the genus. Coral tube as inthe genus. Border from seven to fourteen-parted. Germ ovate, hairy, from six to eight-celled, with one: in each, attached to the upper end of the large axis. Ber- # ry, the size of a small apple. Seeds from one to four, Ve ry rarely more. Embryo erect, and without perisper™. This is a very useful tree. The wood is hard, ver strong, and proper for naves of wheel carriages, &¢- The flowers are eaten raw by the natives of the mou” tainous parts of the Circars, and by jackals. They have sweet spirituous taste. An ardent spirit is x ed from them by the hill people, which is strong and intoxieal' e Diospyrus. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. _ §27 The seeds yield a large quantity of oil by expression ; but it is thick, of a quality inferior to castor oil, and used only by the poorer people to burn. Large plantations of B. longifolia axe to be found about Tranquebar, Karikal, Nagur and Nagapatam ; but the proprietors do not find them answer their expectations. ~ On the apices of the flowers, before they open, there is frequently a drop of a whitish, soft, tasteless resin to be found. 3. B. butyracea, Roxb. itr Asiat, Res, 8. 477. Leaves obovate. Calyx fivé-leaved. Stamina from ihiite to forty crowning the subcylindric tube of the corol. — Frelwa_ or Phulwara, of the natives of the Almora hills, where the tree is indigenous. | Flowering time the month of J: anuary ; the seed ripensin August, Fora full account of this valuable species, see the volume of the Asiatic Researches above quoted. DIOSPYRUS. Schreb. gen. n. 1598. Gen. Cuar, Potycamous. HERMAPHRODITE. Ca- lyx and corol four, rarely five-cleft. Stamina varying in every species, and often abortive. Germ superior, many- celled, cells one-seeded, attachment superior. Styles three or four, rarely five, or one and variously divided. Berry from one to twelve-seeded. Embryo inverse, and furnished with a perisperm. res Mate in general on a different tree. Calyx and corol as in the hermaphrodite, but with stamina more nu- merous, and frequently with twin-anthers. 1. Diospyrus. Kaki, Suppl. p. 439. Willd, 4. 1110. _ Leaves bifarious, ovate-cordate, downy. MALe pedun- cles three-flowered. Stamina about twenty ; hermaphro- dite solitary, octandrous. Style four-cleft. Stigmas bifid. 528 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Diospyrus. Kaki. Kempf. amoen. p. 805. 6. 7. The Chinese gardeners employed in the Botanic gard den at Calcutta call it Chin. A native of China, and from thence introduaed into. the Botanic garden at Calcutta, by the late Col. Kyd, where it blossoms in March. In ‘twelve years they have only grown to be from twelve to fifteen feet high, with but few sub-erect branches. The bark is pretty smooth, but of a dark brown colour, that of the young shoots downy. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, cordate, more or Jess acuminate, entire, very downy on both sides, particu- larly while young ; from two to five inches long, —_ pin one to four broad. Stipules none, AxBorTIVE HERMAPHRODITE, or rather male flowers small, yellow, sometimes on the same, sometimes on a dif- ferent tree. Peduncles axillary, and from the base of the young shoots, recurved, short, villous, from) one 0 three or more-flowered. Bractes small, caducous. Ca- lyx four-cleft ; divisions ovate, half the length of the co- rol. Corol urceolate ; mouth four-cleft ; diviszons con- torted, sub-orbicular, emarginate, becoming revolute 5000 after expansion. Filaments from sixteen to twenty- four, or even more, very short, inserted sometimes by hairs, sometimes singly round the bottom of the tube of the corol. Anthers sagittate, hid in the tube of the corol. Pistil none, or in some trees a small, conical: wile : gland. FrertTiLe HERMAPHRODITE flowers solitary, 0D , short drooping peduncles. Calyx and:corol-as in the abortive hermaphrodite, but larger, Filaments generally eight,sbort, inserted into the bottom of the tube of the corol. Anthers sagittate, with the barbs bearded. Germ superior, jconie cal, smooth, eight-celled, attached to the top of the»ax!s- Style four-cleft. Stigmastwo-lobed. ‘Berry nearly rounds the size of a small orange, when ripe yellow, er. and Diospyrus. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 529 abounding in edible yellow, fleshy pulp, covered with a firm but soft skin, eight-celled. Seeds one in each cell, when all come to perfection, which is uncommon, from semi-orbicular to linear-oblong, compressed, attached from the apex to the top of a soft central receptacle. Integuments single, firm, pretty thick, brown, polished, two-valved, with a slender, lighter coloured groove run- ning down the back, or convex edge. Perisperm con- form to the seed, cartilaginous, pearl-coloured. Embryo inverse, half the length of the perisperm. Cotyledons two, ovate-oblong. Radicle subcylindric; straight, su- perior, with its apex close to the umbilicus. — j This tree is now pretty common about Calcutta, and I find it is not only a native of Japan but of China, and the mountains of Nepal, to the northward of Bengal. The fruit is tolerably pleasant, though by no means equal to a good apple, but what is worse, the trees about Cal- cutta are — neers: 1. D. Ebenum. Kon. in. Suppl. pl. 440. Leaves short-petioled, alternate, bifarious, oblong, en- tire, polished. MaLe FLowERs sub-racemed, with about _ twenty anthers; HERMAPHRODITE solitary, octandrous. Style single. Stigma four-cleft. ~ D. Ebenum. Suppl. p. 440. Hebenaster. Rump. Amb. vol. 3. p. 13. t. 6 em to be the same. 2. D. Ebenaster. Willd. 4. 1109. This species is a tree of considerable magnitude, a native of Ceylon. There are many young trees in this garden, they grow slowly, and flower during the hot sea- Son, but have not yet produced fruit. Leaves short-petioled, bifarious, alternate, oblong, ‘en- tire, of a firm texture, and smooth on both sides ; from two to four incheslong. MALE FLOWERS ona. . Ooe Se 530° POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA,- Diospyrus. tree,. Peduncles axillary, drooping, many-flowered, . Ca-. lyx funnel-shaped: tube a little bellied, and considera- bly longer than the calyx. Border four-parted. Fila- ments, number uncertain, inserted into the very base of the tube of the corol ; some are simple, others two, three, or even four-cleft. Anthers generally about twenty, that is, one on each division of the filaments. ' _FemaLe Hermapnropite FLowers axillary, sub- sessile. Calyx beneath, four-parted, with a callous, elevat- ed, four-lobed, permanent; marginal ring round its mouth, inside villous. | Corol; tube cylindric, about as long as the divisions of the calyx... Border four-parted. Fila- ments eight, very short. Anthers small, sterile. Germ conical. Style, shorter than the tube of the corol, Stigma four-parted. Berry nearly globular, succulent, when ripe, yellow, and about the size of a large cherry, resting 02 the permanent, reflexed calyx; cells, eight is the matt- ral number. Seed, one in each cell semi-ovate, thin 0B the inner edge, of a light brown colour, and, smooth, united at the apex to the central receptacle. There are many species of this extensive genus, which yield a hard, black wood. I mean, pure intensely black (not variegated,) to all of which we give the general ap- : pellation Ebony; my D. Melanoxylon is one. The sp& cies I am now describing, a second. Ebenus, Rumph. . Amb. vol. 3. p. 1. t. 1, seenis a third. From all these I know that of the Mauritius differs essentially, by th entire fruit, with ripe seed, just received from that Island, and now before me. The mountains of Bengal, Bootat, and Nepal produce at least another very distinct specie» viz. my tomentosum, several young trees of which aren0W in this garden.. a8 Bh A 3 -melanoxylon. Willd. 4. 1109. Corom: pode sea Leaves sub-opposite, oval and oblong, obtuse; 1 Maxe PEDUNCLES. fram three to six-flowered. 4! _RMAT em Diospyrus. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ‘531 PHRODITE, solitary, sub-sessile with calyx and corol five- cleft. Styles three or four. Berry with as many as eight seeds. é Tumballi of the Tamuls. Tindoo of the Hindoos. Coromandel Ebony-tree. Tumida of the Telingas. The Ebony tree is a native of most woody mountainous countries in India, viz. Ceylon, Malabar, Coromandel, Orissa, &c. It grows to be very large, particularly the male tree; the wood of this sort is also more esteemed. Leaves deciduous in the cold season; the new ones’ “ap- pear with the flowers in April and May. : ' Trunk tolerably straight in large trees, from twenty to twenty-five feet to the branches, and about eight or ‘ten in circumference. Bark scabrous, or deeply crack- “ed, somewhat spongy, colour a mixture of grey and black, in irregular strata. Branches very irregular, numerous, rigid, forming a large spreading, shady head; young shoots _-yery downy. Leaves nearly opposite, short-petioled, ob- long, entire, obtuse, when young very downy, when old pretty smooth ; about four inches long, and one and a ‘half broad. Stipules none. Mae Pepunc tes axillary, single, short, bearing three ‘or four small whitish flowers, supported by short bowing pedicels. Bréctes a small one at the insertion of each pedicel, and one or two, still smaller pressing the calyx. ‘Calyx and corel as in the genus. Filaments generally twelve or thirteen, short, inserted into a — Anthers linear, erect. Pistil none. ‘HerMaAPHRoODITE FLOWERS rather larger than the male, axillary, single, nearly sessile. Bractes, a small one pressing the calyx. Calyx always five-cleft, downy. Co- rol five-cleft. Filaments about ten, short, inserted into a ‘Teceptacle between ‘the germ and flower. Anthers small, Seemingly sterile: — Styles three, eis: rn: Oo02 532 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Diospyrus. bifid. Berry round, of the size of a small apple, yellow, pulpy. Seeds as many as eight, immersed in the pulp, kidney-shaped, sharp on the inner straight edge. The black part of the wood of this tree is too well known to require any description in this place. — It is only the centre of large trees that is black and valua- ble ; which part is more or less in quantity, according to the age of the tree. The outside wood is white and soft, which time and insects soon destroy, leaving the black untouched. The ripe fruit is eaten by the natives ; it has an astringent taste, and is not very palatable. The bark is-also astringent. Powdered and mixed with pep- per, it is.given for the dysentery by the native doctors, 4. D. tomentosa. Roxb. Pe, Dicecous, all the tender parts very downy. Leaves opposite, and alternate, oval, entire. MALE PEDUNCLES three-flowered. Calyx and corol gibbous, four-toothed. Stamens twelve, ona receptacle. FEMALE solitary, with the calyx and corol five-parted ; berry as far as five cable Kakindoo, the Sanscrit name. Beng. Kyou. A native of the northern pales of Bengal, where it grows to be a tree of great size ; the wvod is black, hard, and heavy ; in short the Ebony of that country. In @ garden at Allipore, formerly belonging to Mr. Hastings, are some of the oldest trees about Calcutta. They may be about thirty years old. The trunk and whole tee very erect, tall and slender, not unlike the form of the common Cypress. The leaves are completely deciduo™s during the cold season, and appear again wie the flowers in April, Trunk of the trees just mentioned, erect, ional not perfectly straight, with deeply cracked, spongy Leaves sub-opposite and alternate, petioled, oval, oa tire, very sown while young, pantcneaiy underneath ; eS Diospyrus. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. | 533 from four to six inches long, and from two to three broad. Petioles short, very downy. Mave Pepunc Les axillary or round the base of the young downy shoots, round, recurved, very downy, three-flowered. . Flowers small, whitish. Bractes small, _ covered with much ferruginous down. Calyx gibbous, very downy, four-toothed. Corol ; tube gibbous, downy. Border of four cordate, downy, contorted divisions. Stamens about twelve, inserted on a receptacle in the centre of the corol, and shorter than its tube, FEMALE Prpuncues’ axillary, ‘solitary, ‘very short, one flowered. Calyx five-cleft, downy on the outside, and hairy on the inside, divisions triangular, with waved reflexed margins. Corol; tube short, cylindric, hairy ; mouth five-parted. Stamens none. Germ round, hairy, five-celled, with one ovula in each. Styles two. Berry ovate, as large as a pigeon’s egg, covered with a smooth, hard. bark, which becomes yellow when ripe, and is filled with a soft yellow, edible pulp. | Seeds as far as five, when all come to perfection. 5. D. glutinosa. Konig. Leaves linear-lanceolate, smooth. MALE PEDUNCLES from three to four-flowered, with about twenty filaments, and forty anthers. HERMAPHRODITE aNianes usicacnge one to four. Styles four. - Embryopteris glutenifera. Willd. 4. p- 836. R. Co- rom. pl. 1. N. 70. and I suspect Embryopteris , pere- grina, Gert. Sem. 1. 145. t, 29. to be the same, and that by some mistake or accident, the fruit, &c. have -been inverted. Zindookd, the Sanscrit name. Hind. and Beng. Gaub. - Teling. Tumika. iy ~. Panitsjika-marum. Rheed. Mal. 3. t. 41. icacggegedle .» Acmiddle sized tree, growing in the mnclatxiee: valle, « eS 554 CO POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Diospyrus. amongst the mountains in the Circars. Leaves not deci- duous. Flowering time, March and April. : _ Trunk erect, straight, middle sized. Bark pretty smooth, of a dark blackish rust colour. Branches spreading, scattered; young shoots smooth. Leaves alternate, short- petioled, bifarious, linear-oblong, pointed, smooth, firm, shining; when young soft and red, six. inches long and two broad. Stipules a single variegated one which bursts and falls when the leaf begins to expand. 4 Mae PEpUNCLEs axillary, single, bowing, bearing three four or more small white flowers, Bractes, a small, deciduous one, below each pedicel. Calyx and corol as — in the genus. Filaments about twenty, bifid at the point. Axthers about forty, linear, erect. al HERMAPHRODITE. PEDUNCLES axillary, single, uD- divided, bearing one white flower, which is considerably larger than the male. Calyx and corol as in the genus. Filaments one, two, three, or four, small, short. Anthers linear, small, sterile. Germ globular, eight-celled, with ~ one ovula in each, attached to the top of the axis. Styles four, spreading. Stigmas branched, generally three-cleft. Berry globular, as large as a middle-sized apple, pulpy, rusty, yellow when ripe and covered with a rust colour- ed farina. Seeds generally eight, immersed in pulp, te niform, straight, thin at the edge. The wood of this tree is but of an indifferent quality, and not much used. — The ripe fruit is eaten by the natives, but I cannot say it is palatable; it is strongly astringent. == Sir William Jones writes me from Calcutta on the 2oth December 1791, that the name by which this tree is £& nerally known in Bengal is Gaub, (in Sanscrit it is ed Tindooka,) and that the astringent viscid mucus ofthe fruit, is used all over that country, for paying the bot- tom of boats. The unripe fruits contain a very JaT8° proportion of Tannin. An infusion is employed to steeP— bly adds to their strength. oe Diospyrus. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. | 535 6. D. sapota. Roxb. Leaves bifarious, oblong, entire, obtuse, sash MALE PEDUNCLES many-flowered, with about sixteen hairy an- thers, on eight or ten hairy filaments. HERMAPHRODITE solitary, with about the same number of filaments and an- thers. Berry globular, the size of a large orange, with a few irregular-shaped seeds. Sapotte-nigra, Sonnerat it. nov. Guin. p. 45.1. 14. 15. and 16. _ A native of the Mauritius, and from thence introduc- ed by the late Hyder Ally, into his garden at Seringa- patam ; from thence in 1804, Dr. Berry of Madras sent Dr. R. good specimens, and the entire ripe fruit. Since that time the tree has been introduced from the Mauri- tius into the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where it grows most luxuriantly and blossoms in the hot season, but has not yet perfected its fruit in Bengal. 7. D. ramiflora. Roxb. Arboreous, Leaves lanceolate, glossy ; hermaphrodite and male flowers in fascicles from the large woody branches. Calyx and corol from five to six-parted. Style from five to six-cleft. Berry with ten or twenty seeds. __. Oori-gaub, also goolwl of the natives of the eastern frontier of Bengal, where the tree grows wild, and to a - great size, and supplies the natives with very strong, hard wood. A single hermaphrodite tree only of this species grows in the Botanic garden ‘at Calcutta. It is about twenty years old, and was brought from the hills immedi- ately east of Tippera. Flowering time, the end of March and April; and the fruit, which is as large as an orange, takes about twelve months to ripen. Trunk straight. Branches, numerous, spreading ; branchlets alternate, bifarious. Bark of the old woody partssmooth, of a dark olive brown, that of the young parts Smooth and green, Height of the individual tree in this ’ x 536 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Diospyrus. garden about sixteen feet; on the mountains of Tippera, Silhet, &c. where indigenous, they grow to a great size; but it is evidently a tree of very slow growth, as are most, if not the whole of the genus. Leaves alternate, bifarious, short-petioled, lanceolate, acute, entire, of a firm texture, and deep smooth shining green on both sides, from six to ten inches long, and about two or three broad. Flowers collected in small, subsessile fasci- cles, over the thick woody branches, the hermaphrodite ones on one tree, and the male ones on another. The short, thick, scaly peduncles and calyx are clothed with much dark, olive-coloured down; the corol white and smooth. Calyx five or six-toothed, half the length of the tube of the corol. Corol one-petalled ; tube somewhat gibbous, margin five or six-parted; divisions contorted, sub-reniform, at first spreading then revolute. Filaments, ten or twelve, inserted into the base of the tube of the corol. Anthers sub-sagittate, small, and containing little pollen, whence I conclude there is a male tree, which I have not yet seen. Germ in the hermaphrodite flowers ovate, smooth. Style short. Stigmas five or six, thick- ening, expanding. Berry globular, a large apple, slight- ly scabrous, resting on the very thick enlarged caly% replete with yellowish edible pulp. Seeds ten or twelve, oblong, thin on the inner edge where they are raises to the central paca 8. D. racemosa. Roxb. : Leaves from oblong to lanceolar, obtuse, glossy. Both male and hermaphrodite flowers on axillary, comos? racemes, the former with twenty or thirty stamina, the latter with twelve or sixteen; germ four-celled. Styl. none ; stigma four-cleft. Berries round, smooth, po as many as four seeds. : Goolul, the vernacular name in Silhet.. A middling sized tree, a native of the - Diospyrus. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 537 countries east of Bengal, where it blossoms in April ; the fruit ripens in November, and is eaten by the natives. 9. D. lanceefolia R. Leaves short-petioled, lanceolate, and polished. Flow- ers sessile ; the male flowers crowded in axillary heads ; the hermaphrodite solitary. Goolul the vernacular name in Silhet, where it grows to be a pretty large tree, and furnishes the natives with hard durable timber, for the construction of their habita- tions, &c. Flowering time in April; the fruit is edible. Leaves alternate, bifarious, short-petioled, lanceolate, entire, lucid ; texture particularly hard ; from four to six inches long, and from one to two broad. Mave Fiowenrs sessile, and crowded together in the | axills of the present leaves as well as in those of last year; it is the only species I have yet met with that has sessile flowers. Calyx downy, four-toothed. Corol with gib- bous tube and imbricated four-parted border. Filaments about sixteen, short, inserted into the receptacles. An- thers linear. - HERMAPHRODITE Flowers axillary, solitary, sessile, cernuous. Calyx déwny, from four to five-toothed; fro’ the apex a keel runs down on the outside. Corol downy onthe outside. Tube gibbous. Border from four to five- parted ; segments cordate, imbricated in the bud. Filaments from eight to ten, short, inserted on the base of the tube of the corol. Anthers linear. Germ hairy, ovate, torulose, eight-celled, with one ovu/a in each attached to the top of theaxis, Style scarcelyany. Stigma with about as many Short divisions as there are cells in the germ. 10. D. sylvatica. Willd. 4.1108. R. Corom. R.1. No. 47. Leaves from oval to oblong, smooth. Male peduncles — many-flowered, with about eighteen single-antiegee fila- oe = PP 538 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Diospyrus. ments; female hermaphrodite, solitary, with an ample calyx. Berry with as many as eight seeds. Tella-goda of the Telingas. : A native of the Circars, where it blossoms during the hot season. 11. D. montana. Willd. 4.1110. R. Corom. pl. 1. N.48. Armed. Leaves ovate-oblong, smooth. Male flowers numerous, with about eight filaments, and sixteen anthers; female hermaphrodite solitary, with only four sterile sta- mina, as many as eight seeds. Yerra-goda of the Telingas. A native of the Circar mountains ; it flowers during the hot season. 12. D. chloroxylon. Willd. 4. 1112. R. Corom. pl. 1. N. 49. Armed. Leaves oblong, downy underneath. Male flow- ers fascicled, with about twelve filaments and sixteen an- thers ; hermaphrodite solitary, with about eight single sta- mina ; styles four. Berry two or three-seeded. Nalin: setae of the Telingas. ay *A native of the Circars ; it flowers during the hot season. 13. D. cordifolia Willd. 4.1111. R. Corom. pl. 1. N.80. Armed. Leaves linear-cordate, downy. Male pedun- cles three-flowered, with about eight filaments and sixtee? anthers ; hermaphrodite single, with twelve single ata styles four. Berry eight-seeded. _Tumala ; the Sanscrit name: Teling. Kok wolimera. _ Beng. Bun-Gaub. Found over most parts of India, and with the whole of the other species blossoms during the hot season, that is, from the beginning of February to the end of May: — - % a Symplocos. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 539 14. D. stricta. R. Trunk straight to the top of the tree. Leaves ovate- lanceolate. Male peduncles from three to six-flowered ; slamina sixteen on a convex receptacle. A tall slender conical tree with a trunk perfectly straight, as in the Firs, to the very tep; a native of i dace it flowers in March. The female tree unknown. 15. D. bracteata. R. Leaves oblong, acute. Fertile flowers solitary and bracted: styles four. Berry with as many as eight seeds. A native of the Dooab; ne male tree has not been found. SYMPLOCOS. Schreb. gen. n. 1223. Gen. Cuar. Calyx superior, five-parted. Corol one-petalled, rotate, with the stamina inserted on its base. Germ semi-infera, three-celled; cells few-seeded; attach- ment to the upper end of the axis. Drupe inferior, thir- teen-celled. Seeds one or two. Embryo inverse, and fur- ‘nished with a perisperm. ; 1. S. racemosa. Roxb. Racemes axillary. Leaves oblong, smooth, serrulate, Sans, Savura, Lodhra. Beng. Lodh. A small tree of from twelve to twenty feet high, a native of Burdwan and Midnapore in Bengal. Flower- ing time the month of December ; the seed ripens in May. Compare this plant with Myrtus Retz. obs. 4. p. 26. Trunk about twenty inches in circumference. Bark somewhat rough, with a spongy, friable, exterior grey coat, inwardly of a firm, fieshy texture ; when frei of avery. iid yellowish colour, and the taste mildly as- Ppp2 540 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Symplocos. tringent. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, from ovate- oblong to broad-lanceolar; margins serrulate, both sides smooth, of a thick firm texture, fromtwo to six inches long, and from one to one and a half broad. Stipyles none. Racemes axillary and terminal, single and gener- ally simple, shorter than the leaves, many-flowered. Flowers solitary, approximate, small, short-peduncled ; colour a lively yellow. Bractes three to each flower, ovate, villous, one, viz. the largest under the pedicel, and two placed opposite at the base of the germ. Calyx superior, five-parted, permanent; segments broad-ovate or nearly round-obtuse. Corol one-petalled, rotate. Border five-parted ; segments oval, deeply divided, con- cave, smooth, thrice the length of the calyx or more. Filaments numerous, as long as the corol, and inserted into its base. Anthers small, two-lobed. Germ inferior, tut- binate, three-celled, with from two to four ovula in each, attached to the inner and upper angle of the cells (up- per end of the axis.) Style shorter than the stamina. Stigma three-lobed. Drupe oblong, smooth, with @ - beautiful purple pulp in small quantity, when ripe purple, crowned with the permanent calyx. Nut conform to the drupe, three-celled. Seed generally solitary, (with the abortive integuments of the other one or three close by its apex) linéar-oblong, attached to the inside of the top of the cell, Integument scems single, tough, and thick, colour on the outside light brown. Perisperm conform to the seed, rather soft. Embryo cylindric, inverse. Cotyledons small, oblong ; radicle three or four times longer than the cotyledons, cylindric, superior. 2 . The bark of this small tree is in request amongst the diets of red in Calcutta, and is met with in the persue in ! that city fora trifling price. z _ Ttseems to be used asa mordant only. To dye yoo : Munjeet (East India madder,) in which the bark oe Lodh is an ingredient. — ¥or three yards of cloth take ~ Symplocos. POLYANDRIA -MONOGYNIA. 54 Lodh, the bark is meant, Bura Hur (Myrobolana Che- bula. Mat. Med. Terminalia chebula Roxb. ) of each one chatuk, or two ounces, pound and rub them with water on a stone ; mix them up with water, and steep the cloth in it, then dry it. Take onechatwk of alum, dissolve it in water, and boil it, put the cloth into this solution, and let it boil for an hour, then wash and dry it. Then take Al, viz. Mor- inda tinctoria. Roxb. one chatuk Dhawra flowers, Gris- lea tomentosa. Roxb. one chatak Munjeet Rubia Mun- jeet. Roxb. half a seer, nearly a pound, separately, mix _them with lukewarm water, and let it boil. Then put in the cloth, and let it remain boiling for forty minutes. Aboor the red powder used by the natives during the Hoolee holidays is made about Kheerpaee, of the bark of this tree. 2. S. spicata. Roxb. Leaves from lanceolar to oblong-serrate, acute. Spikes axillary, compound. Drupes, curceolate-torose ; nut one- celled, one-seeded. Booree, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is in- digenous, growing to be a middle-sized tree. It flowers in August, and the seeds ripen in the cold season. They are very hard, about the size of a pea, and resemble a mi- nute fluted pitcher; when bored, they are strung like beads, and by the natives put round the necks of their chil- | dren, to preventevil. The nuts only of Nageia Putranjiva are employed in the same manner, and for the same end. Young shoots smooth and straight. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, from lanceolar to oblong-serrate, acumi- nate, smooth, texture hard, and in drying turn yellow; from four to six inches long and one anda half broad. Stipules none. Spikes axillary, solitary, compound, I may say panicled, scarcely half the length of the leaves, smooth. owers numerous, sessile, small, scattered, yellow. Bractes three, roundish, concave and ciliate, embracing a POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Symplocos. the base of each germ, like a calycle. Calyx superior, five- parted, the five oblong segments being only slightly united at the base into one ring with the insertion of the filaments. Filaments about forty, twice the length of the coro]. An- thers two-lobed. Germ inferior, three-celled, with three or four ovula in each, attached tothe axis. Style the length . of the filaments. Stigma large and perforated. Drupes ~ the size of a pea, short, urceolate, torose, about twelve- ribbed, olive-coloured. Nut conform to the whole drupe, — thick and hard, one-celled, cell annular, &c. conformable to the cell in the nut. Integument single. Perisperm conform to the seed, oily. Embryo shorter than the pe- risperm, arched. Cotyledons semi-columnar. Radicle cylindric, much longer than the cotyledons. 3. S. ferruginea. Roxb. Leaves \anceolar, serrulate, acuminate, parallel-veined, downy underneath. Spikes axillary, solitary, compound, downy. Foolinazur is the vernacular name in the Garo coun- try, where it is indigenous; it grows to the size of a small tree, with much soft, ferruginous pubes: Flowering time the latter part of the rains. "Leaves alternate, short, villous, petioled, lanceolar, se rulate, acuminate, texture hard; smooth above, downy U2- derneath ; from four to seven inches long, and from one to two broad. Stipules none. Spikes axillary, solitary, €O™- pound, not half the length of the leaves, very downy: Flowers sessile, crowded, middle-sized, yellow. Bractes three to each flower, like a calycle, broad ovate, downy- Corol rotate. Tube very short; segments of the border five; oblong. Filaments numerous, uineted on the sharp tube of the corol. Anthers two-lobed. Germ semi-inferior, downy three-celled ; cells with from two to four ovula in each attached to. ‘the upper end of the axis. -— - eng agth of the stamina. Stigma three-lobed, a Mimosa. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 543 \ MIMOSA. Schreb. gen. n. 1595. Gen. Cuar. Aggregate. Calyx five-toothed. Corollets one, diadelphous legume. TI call them corollets hecause _ inclined to consider the whole as one aggregate flower. SECT. I. unarmed Spikes globular. _ 1. M. Keringa. R. Leaves conjugate-pinnate; /eaflets three pair, short, petiolate, lanceolate, when young highly coloured. Pa- nicles axillary, and lateral. Legumes many-jointed, spi- tal; seed enveloped in an‘edible fleshy arill. A large unarmed tree, a native of the peninsula of Malacca, where it is called Keringa by the Malays. The legumes are very large and spiral, like a cork screw; the joints are nearly circular, compressed, and often two inches in diameter; each containing a single sced, as large as_a common garden bean, covered with a considerable quantity of edible fleshy pulp. 2. M. Xylocarpa. R. Corom. pl.1. N. 100. Leaves conjugate pinnate ; leaflets from two to four pair, With a single one on each side below the pairs. Stipules lanceolate. Spikes axillary, round, long-peduncled; corollets deciduous. senee falcate, ligneous, many- ’ Seeded. Acacia xylocarpa. Willd. 4. p. 1055. Teling. Konda-tangeroo. Itis called Pingadoo in Pegu, where it is used for rae crooked timbers, &c. in ship building. A large stately timber tree; a native of various parts of India. It blossoms during the hot season, at which _ Period it is nearly destitute of foliage. The timber is . temarkably strong and durable. ait ae 644 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Mimosa. ‘ 3. M. lucida. R. Leaves bipinnate, and conjugate-pinnate ; pinne one or two pair; leaflets from one to three pair, oblong, lucid. Spikes terminal, sub-panicled, round ; corollets from ten to twelve, monadelphous. A large and beautiful tree, a native of the mountains north east of Bengal. Flowering time the hot season. 4. M. monadelpha. R. Leaves bipinnate; pinne and leaflets about two pair of each, the latter obliquely oblong and smooth. Panicles terminal.. Tube of the numerous united filaments very long. Legume pedicelled, one or two-seeded. Nut black uncertain. 5. M. Sirissa. R. ; Arboreous. Leaves bipinnate, pinne from two to three pair. Spikes axillary, round; corollets monadelphous. Segments leafy, dry, joni: iifiear and broad, not ee spontaneously. Sirisha, or Shirish in Sanscrit and Bengalee. Teling. Durshuna. This tree is very common in every part of India; all soils and situations seem to please it equally. It grows to be a pretty large tree, but with a short thick — trunk covered with ash-coloured bark. It has a very extensive but thin head. Flowering time the hot and rainy season; the greatest part of its leaves drop dur ing the cold season. Leaves about the ends of the branchlets bipinnale, and about a span long. Pinne from two to four pait, sometimes the lower pairs are somewhat alternate. Leaf- lets opposite, from four to eight pair, obliquely ner. | oblong, slightly emarginate, otherwise entire, $s _ about an inch and a half long and three-fourths Petioles common, round, tapering, with a large Mimosa. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 545. _ alittle above its base on the upper side, and sometimes one at the extremity; there are also two small glands near the base of the partial petioles, and smaller ones between the leaflets, but their presence and number is always uncertain, except those near the base. Peduncles axillary, one, two, or more, each supporting a globular head, of white, fragrant corollets. Filaments numerous, united below, monadelphous, very long. Legume leafy, ) from six to twelve inches long, and from one to two broad. Seeds from eight to ten, remote, lodged in the middle, where the legume is alternately elevated and depressed. The wood of this tree, is much like that of M. Xylo- carpa, and equally serviceable. The flowers are very | fragrant. I have often seen large masses of very pure gum upon it. - 6. M. heterophylla. R. Arboreous. Leaves bipinnate, pinne from two to three pairs ; /eaflets from three to six pairs, varying in shape from unequally round-cordate to lanceolar. Panicles ax- illary ; corollets pedicelled, monadelphous. Legumes en- tire, spirally twisted, into one or more circles. Kawahurunee the vernacular name in Silhet, where it _ grows to be a large and useful timber tree. It flowers in February, March, and April ; its seed ee in a or June. _ Young shoots state and densotie Leaves stile; bipinnate, from six to twelve inches long. Pinne from two to three pairs. Leaflets from two to three pairs on the lower pinnz, from five to six the exterior; the infe- rior pairs small, say from half an inch to an inch each Way, and unequally cordate: the exterior pairs from four to five inches long, and one and half broad; all are firm, entire, and glossy. Petioles, common and partial, smooth. Glands, a large umbilicate one at the base of the com- mon petioles and one between each pair of pinnew and Qqq 546° POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Mimosa. leaflets. Panicles axillary, crowded ; divisions umbelled even to the globular heads of corollets. Calyx five- toothed. Corol tubular, four times longer than the calyx; mouth five-parted, Filaments many, twice the length of the corol, united toward the base, and inserted on the bottom of the tube of the corol. Anthers oval,incumbent. Germ pedicelled, lanceolar. Style the length of the stamina. Legume entire, not articulate, contracted between the seeds, spirally twisted into one or more circles, smooth and brown on the outside, orange on the inside. Seeds from six to eight, remote, of the size of a i smooth, deep black. 7. M. trapezifolia. R. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne from three to four pairs; leaf- lets from four to seven pairs, trapeziform, downy under- neath. Panicles terminal, ultimate divisions three; com- posed of small umbellets of meee heads of monadel- phous corollets. A native of the Molucca Islands ; it is the only spe cies [ know, that bears its flowers in umbellets. 8. M. odoratissima. R. Corom. pl. 2. No. 20. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne from three to four pairs; leaf lets ten pairs; panicle terminal; spikes round ; wed monadelphous. Legumes thin, linear. Acacia odoratissima. Willd. 4. p. 1063. Teling. Shinduga. Tam. Solomanim. ee . A native of Coromandel. It flowers during the hot se@- son, the tree is large and handsome, the timber particu- darly hard and strong. Flowers with a gland pontine: ably above the base of the petiole. its 9. M. atid, Roxb. on _ Arboreous. Leaves mplnseies ; pinne, fain ree tofive ‘ Mimosa. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 547 pairs, leaflets from six to ten pairs, oblong, a concave gland on the base of the petiole. Panicle axillary, com- pound. Spikelets globular: | Stamens monadelphous. Legumes linear, thin, from six to eight seeded. A large, tall, most stately and excellent timber tree, a native of the interior parts of Bengal. In the Botanic garden at Calcutta it blossoms at the close of the rains, and the seed ripens during the dry season. _ Trunk of trees sixteen or seventeen years old, from twenty-five to thirty feet to the branches, and from four te five feet in circumference, four feet about the ground. Bark in the above trees still smooth; but in old trees it is cracked in various directions, and of a dark ash co- lour. Branches spreading toa great extent ; young shoots _ flexuose and smooth, the whole height of the just men- tioned young trees is from fifty to seventy feet. Leaves bipinnate, from one to three feet long ; pinne from three to six pairs; four is the most common. Leaflets from six to ten pairs, subsessile, opposite, oblong, emargi- nate, smooth on both sides, from one to two inches long. Petioles with a ridge on the upper side, and one large, oblong, concave, brown glang near the base of the com- mon one, and generally one between or rather below the last one, two, or three pairs of leaflets. Racemes or pani- cles axillary, generally compound, being composed of several diverging, pedicelled, globular heads of white corollets. Calyx subcylindric, five-toothed. Corel funnel- shaped, five-cleft, twice the length of the calyx. Sta- mens numerous, monadelphous, twice the length of the corol. Germ oblong. Style rather longer than the sta- mens. Stigma minute. Legume linear, pointed, smooth, thin (leafy) six inches long and scarcely one broad. Seeds from six to coll ) 10. M. Kalkora. R. ae, Arboreous. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne from sini rs six Qq4q2 548 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Mimosa. pairs; leaflets from fifteen to thirty pairs, sublinear, smooth; there is a smooth, convex gland orf the base of the com- mon petiole, and one at the last pair of pinnee. Beng. Kalkora. , A large timber tree ; a native of the hills in the vicinity of Gwalpara, and from thence brought to the Botanic gar- den by Mr. R. Kyd. ; 11. M. procera. R. Corom. pl. 2. No. 21. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne four pairs ; leaflets ten paits; stipulesensiform. FPanicles terminal and axillary. Spikes thereof round ; corollets monadelphous. Legumes lineat- lanceolate, pointed. Acacia procera. Willd. 4. p. 1063. Teling. Pedda-Patseroo. A native of Coromandel, where it grows to be one of their largest trees. (12. M. pulchella. R. , Arboreous. Leaves bipinnate; pinne from nine to. ten- pairs ; leaflets from twenty to twenty-five paits, linear-ob- long, glaucous ; there is a gland above the base of the common petiole. Stipules subulate. rs A most beautiful, stately tree, with an immensely large dense head, the larger branches spread much and the smaller droop, but what renders it most conspicuous is the dark bluish grey colour of its numerous large leaves- It is a native of Malabar, and from thence was sent to the Botanic garden at Calcutta by Dr. A. Rony 43. M. amara. R. Corom. pl. 2. No. 122. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne ten-pair ; leaflets twenty- pais stipules lanceolate; spikes axillary, crowded, aa round ; eorolletsmonadelphous sire thin, linear # aad broad. Jogi eters Acacia amara, Willd. ab 107A Mimosa. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA,. 549 Teling. Nella renga. Tam. Shekram. ~ * A middling sized tree, a seit of Coromandel. 14. M. fructicosa. R. Shrubby, sinooth. Leaves bipinnate; pinne from eight to ten. pair; /eafets from ten to twenty pair, sub-falcate, minute, a gland toward the base of the common petiole. Stipules minute, subulate. From China it has been introduced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta, under the Chinese name Tham-yeaong- ton, ; vit es ayaa 15. M. stipulacea. R. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne from ten to twenty pair; leaf- lets numerous, scymitar-shaped ; stipules and bractes se- micordate. Panicles terminal; spikes pedicelled, globu- lar; corollets monodelphous. Legume linear, leafy, from six to twelve-seeded. é Beng. Amlooki. A native of the mountains north of Bengal. It flowers during the hot season, and is probably the largest of the genus; for I have seen a young (say twenty years old) tree which measured thirteen feet in circumference, five feet above ground; one in the Botanic garden, planted by myself was forty-eight and a half inches in circumference four feet above the ground, when only seven years old. 16. M. microphylla. R. : Sub-arboreous. Leaves bipinnate; pinne from ten to fifteen pair; leaflets from three to five pair, obliquely- linear. Panicles terminal; corollets sionedel pions; Le- gumes thin, few-seeded. ; - Tetooleeya, the vernacular name in Silhet where it grows to the height of twelve feet. Flowering time, May and June ; the seed ripens in March and April. © 550 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Mimosa. Young shoots dark brown and scarcely villous. Leaves bipinnate, from six to eight inches long, of a bright green colour. Pinne from ten to fifteen pair. Leaflets from thirty to forty pair, minute, obliquely-linear, smooth. Petioles common and partial, downy. Panicles terminal and _ axillary, villous, composed of globular heads of minute greenish-yellow corollets. Bracies subulate, villous, © ‘Calyx and Corol as in the genus, both villous. Filaments from ten to twenty, monodelphous. Germ long-pedicelled. Legumes thin, leafy, smooth, long, broad, obtuse-point- ed, from three to six-seeded, from six to eight inches long and rather above one broad. | Seed oval, flat, smooth, light brown. With the bark of this tree the mountaineers make an intoxicating liquor which they drink as we do beer; 0D the Coast of Coromandel the natives distil an ardent spi- rit from a fermented mixture of the bark of Mimosa leucophiea, coarse sugar, and palm-wine, 17. M. Smithiana. R Arboreous. Leaves baneaciies pinne from twelve to fit teen pair, leaflets thirty pair, semi-lanceolate. — Panicles terminal; corollets monodelphous. Legumes thin, sats from ten to twelve-seeded. Suris, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it age genous, and grows to be a very large tree. naan time May, the seed ripens in December. x Young shoots somewhat angular, a little villous, and spotted with light grey dots. Leaves alternate, bipin- nate, about a foot long, greenish. Pinne fram twelve es eighteen pair. Leaflets numerous, from twenty te forty ‘pair, semi-lanceolate, scarcely half an inch long, # about one-fourth of that in breadth. Petioles common partial, villous. Glands one near the base of the “common 2g petiole, and one between each of the last two oe three : pairs of pinnee. Stipules semicordate, in er : . Mimosa. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 551 plants remarkably large, viz. one inch and a half long and one broad. Jnflorescence terminal, panicled, and in the exterior axills a single, long-peduncled raceme, all composed of long-pedicelled globular heads of white corollets, the whole downy. Calyx and corol as in the - genus, and both villous. Filaments from twelve to fifteen, very long, united toward the base into a tube which is inserted into the bottom of the tube of the corol. Germ pedicelled. Style as long as the stamina. Legumes linear- lanceolar, thin, straight-margined, and smooth, from three to four inches long and rather under one inch in breadth, from ten to twenty-seeded. Seeds oval, much flattened, smooth, of a greyish olive-colour. 18. M. pedunculata, R. Arboreous. Leaves bipinnate, pinne from twenty to forty pair, sub-alternate ; leaflets from sixty toa hundred pair, a pair of umblicated glands on the base of the petiole, and one between-each of the last, from four to eight pair. Spikes subclavate, corollets monodelphous, decandrous. An elegant tall large tree, a native of the Islands to the eastward of the Bay of Bengal, where it blossoms in May, and the seed ripens in December. The Malays are said to be fond of the seeds, which taste like garlic, and of the meally matter which surrounds them, as in M. biglobosa, to which it isin many respects nearly allied. 19. M. biglobosa. Jacq. Amer. 267. t. 179. f. 87. Arboreous. Leaves bipinnate; pinne from ten to thirty pair ; leaflets from twenty to thirty pair, linear, an um- blicated gland on the petiole below the lower pair of the -pinne, and one between each of the last three or five pair. Panicles terminal. Spikes few, long-peduncled, clavate ; corollets decandrous, monodelphous, Legumes linear, many-seeded, in a mealy pulp. cc Tin ee 552 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Mimosa. Beng. Supota, : A native of the forests of Silhet, and its osiditsials hood, where it grows to be a large tree, flowering in De-~— cember, and ripening the seed in April: Trunk straight, when full grown about two feet in dia- meter, or six in circumference; young shoots villous. Leaves scattered, bipinnate, from twelve to tweuty-four inches long, from ten to twenty pair; pinne opposite, from three to six inches long; leaflets from twenty-five to fifty pair, linear, lucid, half an inch long. Petioles ” common and partial, villous ; glands an umblicated one under the lower pair of pinne, and one between each of the last three, four, or five pair. Stipules minute, st- bulate. Panicles terminal, composed ofa few, alternate, very long peduncled, large, sub-clavate, pale yellow fra- grant spikes, (or flowers.) Bractes or scales of the ¢la- vate receptacle, solitary under each corollet, spatulate with the apex broad, and villous on the out-side. Calyx tubular, mouth cut into five unequal, roundish, villous segments. Corol five-parted. Filaments ten, united from the middle downwards. Germ linear, many-seeded. Style the length of the stamina. Legumes about a foot long, atid an inch and half broad, flat, swelled at the seeds, where a quantity of mealy matter is found to sw each seed ; surface smooth, brown*when ripe; it can scarcely be called jointed, except when very old. = from twelve to twenty, oval, smooth, dark brown. 3 Note. About the base of the spikes on the sub-eylin~ drical part, the corollets are generally male-neuter. 20. M. triquetra. Vahl. Symb. 3. 102. Bi-triennial, prostrate. Leaves bipinnate: pimn@- sot pairs; leaflets from ten to twelve pair. Peduncles” axik lary, solitary, bracted ; spikes round, erect ; corollets fives petalled, a oe a i — — we ee seeded. ee : an ida Dalal : Mimosa. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNEIA. 553 Desmanthus triquetrus. Willd. 4, 1045. A small procumbent species, a native of Coromandel, In flower and seed the whole year. SECT. II. Unarmed. Spikes cylindric. 21. M. natans. Corom. pl. 2. N. 119. Annual, flowing. Leaves bipinnate; pinne from two to three pairs; leaflets ten pairs. Stipules obliquely-cor- date. Flowers axillary, five-celled, decandrous, the lower ones barren. Legume falcate, many-seeded. Desmanthus natans. Willd. 4. 1044, Nitti-todda-vaddi. Rheed. Mal. 9. t. 20. Neptunia oleracea. Lourier. Cochin Ch. 804. Beng. Panee-lajuk. Teling. Neeroo tayvulupoo, and Nidra-yung. This species is annual; it is found growing on pools and: lakes of sweet water, or where water has stood. Flowering time the wet and cold seasons. Branches or stems round, jointed, flexuous piped, tufts of radical fibres from the joints, between the joints spongy bodies are formed, which prevent the plant from sinking, the roots have not any connection with the earth, except when the water leaves it, and then it soon perishes. Leaves alternate, bifarious, bipinnate ; pinne two or three pair, opposite. Leaflets from eight to twelve pairs minute, smooth, possessing much sensibility, I think next to that of M. pudica. Stipules cordate, caducous. Pe- duncies axillary, single, longer than the leaves, support- ing an oblong head of fertile and neuter florets. Bractes - Solitary, lanceolate, one-flowered. Fertile flowers above, decandrous. Calyx five-toothed. Corol five-petalled. Legumes falcate, acute, smooth, from six to eight-seeded, torose. Neuter flowers below the fertile ones. Calyx and Corol as in the genus, but the ten stamens are here ten, linear, lanceolate, waved, yellow petals. iy eee ae It aEnien pretty well with Miller’s figure of Rrr »554- POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Mimosa. plena, but the East Indian plant wants the bractes on the middle of the peduncles. The flowers are either neuter or hermaphrodite, and the latter have always ten stamens, Plukenet’s 4th figure of plate 307 is certainly intended for this plan. | 22. M. adenanthera. R. Terminal, erect, smooth. Leaves bipinnate; pinne three pair; leaflets from twenty to thirty pair with coloured margins. Stipules obliquely cordate, acute. Peduneles axillary, bracted; spikes ovate, nodding, inferior corollets — double, neuter ; the superior ones, decandrous; anthers crowned with a gland, Legumes sub-falcate, many- seeded. tO Native place uncertain, Flowering time in Bengal the rainy season. It is a pretty slender, somewhat flexuous, sub-erect, shrubby plant. It is nearly allied to Willd- enow’s Desmanthus punctatus ; if the anthers havea gland on the apex, as in Adenanthera, 1 think we may — — are the same. : 23. M. scandens. R. ‘Scandent. Leaves bipinnate, ending in a teal pime two pair; leaflets from three to four - —_ emarginate, glossy. Spikes panicled, lateral ; decandrous. Legume jointed, with an entire margin Mimo Entada. Willd. 4.1041. Acacia seandens. Willd. 4. 1057. Perim-kaku-valli, Rheed. Mal. 8. t; 32. 33. ane a. Entada. Rheed. Mal. 9. t. 77. Beng. Gilla. pease An immense scandent plant of many years s durations the oldest in the Botanic garden has beem there fiftee years, and has not yet blossomed. Flowering time ci forests of Silhet where it is common, marine" e : the seed ripens toward the close of the year ot a Mimosa. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 005 Trunk thick in proportion to the age and soil; in the above mentioned fifteen years old plant in the Botanic garden, it is twenty-four inches in circumference. Bark rough, olive-grey, and like most of the genus, astringent. Young shoots remarkably long, smooth, slender, and shin- ing, and while very young, furrowed, Leaves alternate, bipinnate; from six to twelve inches long. Pinne two pair. Leaflets three or four pair, oblong-emarginate, lucid, entire, from one to three inches long. Petiole common, ending in a two-cleft, powerful tendril; all are polished, without glands, but channelled. Stipu/es subulate, small, embracing the branchlet. Spikes generally from four to eight, on a common peduncle, from the axills of the former leaves, upon the two or three years old branchlets, and there is often more than one. such peduncle in the same -axill. Rachis and the minute bracte clothed with ferrugin- ous pubescence, Flowers numerous, small, pale yellow. Calyx cup-shaped, five-toothed. Corolone-petalled, but — divided to very near the base into five lanceolate seg- ments. Filaments ten, inserted into the short tube of the corol. Anthers two-lobed, with a glandular point be- tween them, Germ linear, containing many ovula. _ Style the length of the stamina. Stigma simple,but large. Le- gumes of an immense size, often several feet in length, and _ from four to five inches broad, spirally twisted, surround- ed with a thick very firm, polished, entire rim, which, is found to remain, like a picture frame, when the less: durable, : jointed body of the legume has disappeared ; joints from, ten to thirty, one-seeded, ligneous, swelled in the centre where the seed is lodged, and more or less transversely furrowed, otherwise pretty smooth, and of a greenish ash colour when ripe. Seeds sub-ovate, nearly as large as -apullet’s egg. Integument single, thick and hard, in fact _ @ powerful, polished, shining, chesnut-coloured nut. Peris- ‘perm none. Embryo straight. Cotyledons equal, conform to the seed, amygdaline. . Radicle patelliform, lodged at. the umbilicus of the sced. Rrr2 *- 556 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Mimosa. SECT. II. Thorny. Spikes globular. 24. M. dulcis. R. Corom. pl. 1. N. 99. Thorns stipulary. Leaves bipinnate;_ leaflets subsemnd elliptic. Panicles terminal ; spikes round, subsessile ; corol- lets monodelphous. . Legumes twisted, turgid, with sweet, firm pulp, and smooth black seeds. Inga dulcis. Willd. 4. p. 1005. s A native of the Philippine Islands. It flowers during the cold season in India, where it grows quickly to be a large beautiful tree, yielding annually abundance of nourishing, edible fruit. The timber is also of a good” quality. an 25. M. concordiana. R. : Arboreous. Thorns stipulary. Leaves bipientel pisiva one or two pair ; leaflets from three to seven pairs. Spikes globular ; corollets pedicelled, monodelphous. Legumes curved, many-jointed, notched on the exterior margin. A low tree. Trunk short, a few feet only, ee various. Bark light ash colour, and scabrous. - rene - Branches numerous; forming avery large iprectlie send) which ‘is out of all proportion to the trunk; branchlets flexuose. Thorns often solitary, large, diverging ; leaf- and flower-bearing, they then appear as small branch- lets, with sharp points; from one line to three inches long. Leaves bipinnate; on the young shoots, alternate, on the older parts collected. Pinne one or two pait, from one to three inches long: Leaflets from thtee to ten pairs, opposite, sessile, linear-oblong, smooth, . entire, the exterior largest, and obliquely obovate-oblong, from six to twelve lines long, and about the same- breadth. | Petioles common, short, downy, with an um- bilicated gland between each pair of pinnae, and a@ short point at the apex. Peduncles one or two, axillary, about two taste om globular head of afew, oe oa +? oe “ Ser ee i ] Ae Mimosa. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA/ ‘567 white, subpedicelled corollets. | Calyx and Corol five- parted. Filaments numerous, monodelphous. — Legume large, articulate, compressed, much curved, often forming a circle, or more, as in M, dulcis, hard, dark brown or blackish, a little scabrous. Seeds round, —" smooth, brown. Note. It ought to be compared with Vabl’s M. nitida. I think his description agrees tolerably well with this plant, except in the stamina, his being polyandrous, mine most perfectly monodelphous, but if Willdenow is correct in his definition of the degume in his genus Acacia, this plant, which has a most perfectly articulate legume, + cannot be his Acacia nitida, ed. sp. 4. 1086. the only Species observed by me, which it resembles. Vahl is ~ silent about the legume. : 26. M. Farnesiana. Linn. Syst. Veg. ed. 4. p. 916. Shrubby. Thorns stipulary. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne from four to five pairs: leaflets from ten to fifteen pairs, Spikes axillary, long-peduncled, round ; corollets polyan- drous. Legumes turgid, with two rows of seeds enclosed in pulp. Acacia farnesiana, Willd, 4. p. 1083. Teling. Kustoori, or Piktoomee. Sans. Urimeda. Vitkhira, § Beng. Gooya-babula. Saini. Asiat. Res. 4. p. 307, is this plant, aoa the : ‘specimens of the Sami tree sent to me by Capt. Wilford, belong to my Adenanthera aculeata. See slascceena acu- leata, Asiat, Res. 4. p. 495. _ A native of every part of India, It flowers in the cold es 27. M. arabica, Lamarck. Encyclop, 1. 19. R. Corom.. Pl. 2. N.1495 ina ae Leaves isbiatensis ; pinne ive p ei fa oe 558 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Mimosa. leaflets fifteen pairs. Spikes axillary, round ; corollets po- lyandrous. Legumes pedicelled. ' Burbura the Sanscrit name. Acacia arabica. Willd. 4. p. 1085. Teling. Nella-tooma. Beng. Babool or babula. ~ Very common all over India, flowering and Be asin its seed at various times of the year. t 98, M. eburnea. R. Corom. pl. 2. N. 199. Shrubby: Thorns stipulary, often longer than the «leaves, and united at the base. Leaves bipinnate ; pinn@ six pair ; leaflets nine pair. Spikes axillary, round; ¢o- ' rollets polyandrous. Legumes linear, and nies bent. Acacia eburnea. Willd. 4. p. 1081. et A native of Coromandel, where it flowers dusty the cold season. - 29. M. lencophilea. R. Corom. pl. 2. N. 150. - Thorns stipulary. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne ten pair; leaflets twenty-five pair. Panicles terminal, spikes round; corollets polyandrous. Legume, long, linear, curved. — Teling. Tella-tooma. 3 eae Acacia lencophlea, Willd. 4. p. 1083. A native of Coromandel. It flowers during the way season. 30. M. tomentosa. R. scien - Arboreous; tender parts tomentose. Thorns stipalaty. Leaves ivennidte” ; pinne from ten to twelve; leaflets twen~ ty pair, downy. Spikes globular, peduncled, axillary, single or paired ; corollets Ne decese ret Legume com — pressed, falcate. seh Acacia tomentosa. Willd. 4. 1089. _ Beng. Sainbabul, smabet o % 2 Pan Rodinelpisicuaisisccnck iene” Mimosa. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 559 This I have.met with in Bengal, in the state of a small tree, but it appears as if it would be large if permitted to remain, Flowering time the beginning of the cold season; young shoots downy. Thorns stipulary, straight, divaricate, about an ich long, very strong and sharp, when young downy. Leaves bipinnate;.pinne ten or twelve pair. Leaflets from fif- teen to thirty pairs, very minute, downy. Petioles com- mon and partial, downy, with an umbilicated gland or two between the last pair or two of pinnz, and an oblong one below the lower pair. Spikes axillary, globular, white, peduncled, one, rarely two, together, small, rather offensive. Peduncles pretty long, and bracted at the middie,. Legume linear, compressed, falcate ; from six to eight-seeded. agay. SECT. IV. Thorny. Spikes cylindric. 31. M. dumosa. R. . Shrubby, very‘ramous,. Thorns stipulary, enka recurved; pinne from two to four pairs ; leaflets. four or five pairs, oval, minute, . A small, very bushy tree, or large shrub of uncommon beattl, a native ofthe country immediately west of Delhi; its leaves are minute, and of a greyish colour. - 32..M. datronum. Linn. Suppl. 4. 38. Subarboreous. Thorns stipulary, united at the a often dreadfully large. Leaves bipinnate, pinne four pair; leaflets about ten pair. Spikes axillary, pedun- cled, subcylindric; corollets polyandrous. Legume thin, broad-falcate, three or four-seeded. ‘Teling. Pukee-tooma. ; - Acacia latronum. Willd. 4.1077. | - A native of the coast of Coromandel, where, it aoe, soms about the beginning of the hot season. Jt.is asmall, ~ §60 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Mimosa. tree, or large ramous shrub, with numerous, interwoven, flexuose branches, covered with a dark brown bark, dot- ted with white. ; Spines united at the base, often very large, round, ta- pering to an acute, hard, brown point, the rest white, and smooth, particularly when young. Inwardly hollow, and the habitation of ants. From the fork, where the two unite, often a small branchlet, or leafissues. Leaves bi- pinnate, in the young growing shoots they are solitary, from the fork of the spines all over the older branches seve- ral are frequently found together. Pinne from three to five. pair, opposite and rarely an inch long. Leaflets from ten to twelve pair, minute, smooth, Petioles common, acute, pointed, with a gland on the upper side a little below the first pair of pinnee. Stipules no other than the spines. Pe- duncles generally in pairs, from the axills of the spines, and mixed with leaves, short. Spikes cylindric, about as long as the leaves, Flowers polyandrous, rather re- mote, fragrant, pure white when they first expand, but becoming yellow. Calyx minute, from four to five-tooth- ed. Corol three or four times longer than the calyx, from four to five-cleft. Stamens numerous, distinct, Germ ob- liquely oval. Style crooked, as long as the stamens. Te- gume thin, broad-falcate, three or four-seeded. ERY 33. M. fera. Lour. Cochin Ch. 801. Thorns solitary, often much branched. Leaves bipin- nate and pinnate ; when bipinnate the pinne are from. four . to eight pairs ; leaflets sub-alternate, from six to tem pails~_ Spikes axillary, cylindric; Corollets with from five a. ten stamina. Legumes long, linear, variously bent. Gleditsia horrida. Willd. 4. 1098. A native of China and Cochin China ; “young ixces Ze reared in the Botanic garden at Calcutta, from seeds. af, Gleditshia triacanthos received from America, do 2Ot in any respect differ from our China plant, which Mimosa. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 561 evidently < Mimosa, and most likely Loureior’s fera. It is a tree of very slow’ growth, and the wood particularly hard. ‘Trees in this garden about twenty-five years old are not above twenty-five feet high, avith slender, crooked, poor-looking trunks. 34. M. cinerea. R. Corom. pl. 9. N. 174. Subarboreous. Thorns solitary; leaves bipinnate ; pinne from eight to nine pair ; leaflets fifteen pairs. Spikes axillary, subcylindric ; a te icinedea — lower ones sterile. os 8 ‘Desmanthus cinereous. Willd: 4, tx 1048. Teling. or Yellow. Tam. Warfataro. A native of Coromandel. The spikes of this plant are large, droop much, and. are particularly elegant. 1 SECT. V. Prickly. Spikes cylindric. 35. M. obovata. R. ‘Arboreous, armed with stipulary, recurved prickles. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne about three pairs ; leaflets about four pairs, obovate. Spikes cylindric, axillary. Legumes linear, oblong, leafy. _A native of Rohilcund, where it blossoms in March. 36. M. ferruginea. R. Arboreous? Prickles sitpulary. Leaves bipinnate; ; pinne from four to six pairs; leaflets from ten to twenty pairs. Spikes axillary, cylindric; corollets monadelphous, Le- gumes leafy, from five to six-seeded. Teling. Woanee. This species I cannot well reduce to any of tan mentioned in the works of Linnzus. It is a native of the mountainous parts of the country, where it grows to be a pretty large tree. Bark deeply cracked, of a dark, rusty colour, and strongly astringent. ci aa Sse 562 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Mimosa. Thorns stipulary, recurved, strong, short and very sharp, they are not always present. Leaves alternate, bipin- nate, from two to three inches long. Pinne@ from three to six pair, opposite, one or one and a half inch long. Leaflets from eight to twelve pair, linear oblong, smooth, small. Petioles common, now and then armed with a few small prickles on the under side. Peduncles axillary, from one to three, and about the extremities of the branch- lets, short, each ending in an erect, cylindrical spike of pale yellow corollets. Filaments many, conjoired into a tube near the base. Legumes membranaceous, rust- coloured, about six inches long, and one broad. ets from five to seven. - 87. M. catechuoides. R Arboreous. Bark dark brown. — Prickles stipulary. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne from ten to fifteen pair ; leaflets from thirty to forty pair. Spikes axillary, from one 1 | three, cylindric; corollets monadelphous. Legumes linear, 38. M. Catechu. R. Corom. Pl. 2. N. 174, A mistake I was not aware of till I found the real M. Catechu in Bengal. . Teling. Podol Mann. A pretty large tree, a native of Coromandel and Bengal. 4 39. M. Sundra. R. Corom. pl. 3. No. 225. : -Arboreous. Bark dark brown. Prickles stipulary, curved, with decurrent base. Leaves bipinnate ; pine fifteen pair; leaflets from twenty to forty pair. Spikes 4 axillary, from one to two, cylindric; corollets monadel- phous. Legumes lanceolate, thin, two or thse sete Acacia Chundra. Willd. A. p. 1079. era _ Teling. aati, ¥ Mimosa. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 563 A native of Coromandel, It flowers in July and Au- gust, : : i 40. M. Suma. R. : Arboreous, with remarkably white bark, twigs villous. Prickles stipulary, broad-based, straight. Leaves bipin- nate; pinne from ten to twenty pair; leaflets fifty pair. Spikes (from one to six) axillary, cylindric; corollets po- lyandrous. Bractes lanceolate. Legume linear, thin, from six to eight-seeded. _ Acaeia polycantha. Willd. 4. p. 1099. Sans. Shumee. Beng. Sai-kanta. A very common tree about Calcutta, and over Bengal, and is remarkably conspicuous on account of its white bark. Flowering time the rainy season. There isa large concave gland above the base of the petiole, and two or three between the last two or three pairs of pinne. 41. M. Catechu. Linn. suppl. 439. Arboreous. Bark dark brown, armed with most acute, _ stipulary, recurved aculei. Leaves bipinnate ; pinne from ten to thirty pair ; leaflets as far as fifty pair; petioles arm- ed, Spikes axillary, cylindric. Bractes from lanceolate to triangular ; Corollets polyandrous. _ Legume brittle, li- near, thin, from six to eight-seeded. ~ Acacia Catechu. Willd. 4. p. 1079. 42. M. Catechu. Medical observ. v. 5. p. 151, t. 4. Beng. Khira. Khadira in Sanscrit and Kudhir the name of the ex- tracts. The last five species are nearly allied to each other, and require no small degree of attention to point out their differences in a short definition. Probably they are equally fit for yielding the extract now called Catechu. Flo e 564 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Mimosa, ing time the hot and rainy seasons. . The seed) ripens after the rains. SECT. VI. Prickly. Spikes globular. - 43. M. pudica. Willd. 4. 10. 31. i Perennial, diffuse, aculeate. Leaves digitate, pinnate; _pinne about four; leaflets many; corollets Poutanen: Beng. Lajuk. et Native place uncertain, but common in gardens trough out India. 44. M. mutabilis. R Shrubby, ‘sialon armed with remote nme ptic- kles., Leaves bipinnate ; pinne four pair; leaflets from four toeight pairs. Spikes panicled, round; corollets octandrous. Legume curved, three jointed, with a prickly margin. — A native of the banks of the Ganges near Benares, and particularly corispicuous on account of its numerous flow- — ers, which appear during the rains; they are of a bright lively purple when they first expand, but become white by age, the reverse of the greater part of our Indian change- ~~ fowmen which generally acquire colour by eu # “4b. M. octandra. R. Corom. pl. 2. No. 200. BITSY Shrubby, scandent, prickles scattered. Leaves bipin- nate; pinne from three to six pair; leaflets eight pot. Spikes panicled round ; corodlets octandrous. Teling. Wadlay-doora; or Poota; with prickly, joined margins, Korinta. ae? - M. rubicaulis. Willd. 4. p. 1038: Beng. Shai-kanta. A native of the warmer parts of Asia, and like the st ¢ ist | blossoming in the rains, and the flowers changing the colour in the same manner ; 1 doubt if they are removed from each other to make distinct species Mimosa. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 565° . 46. M. Intsia. sp. pl. 1508. Shrubby, scandent, prickles scattered. Leaves biping nate; pinne four or five pair; leaflets about nine pair, shining, glands, one near the base of the petiole, and an obconical one between each pair of pinne. Stipules nar- row, cordate. Spikes panicled, round; corollets polyan- _drous. Legumes leafy, linear. ey Teling. Korinta. _ us uk hd) . vn Rees 2g FA Garcinia. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. ' 625 spherical, of a deep purple throughout, with as far as eight seeds, Of this evidently very distinct species I have only specimens with leaves and the ripe fruit sent by Dr. Berry, under the name Mate mangostan, which is found in gar- dens only, and supposed to have been originally brought from the Eastern Archipelago. It differs from every other species in the whole fruit, which is about the size of a “small orange, being throughout of a deep purple colour, even the proper pulpy aril of the seeds. 7. G. pedunculata. R. Dioceous. Leaves oblong with aitallel veins. aes terminal, long-peduncled, male numerous, female sub-soli- tary, with nectarial filaments united into five bodies. Ber- ry ten-seeded. Tikul or Tikoor. " A native of Rungpoor, lis the. tree is s indigenous. The following description was taken from fresh speci- mens, sent from thence by Mr. Todd, who writes that the trees are high, perhaps sixty feet, and of stately growth, some young ones planted in a garden there, were inseven — years, twenty feet high with a trunk, twenty-five inches in circumference, covered with bark of a spongy texture and inwardly ofa flesh colour. Flowering time from January till March. The fruit ripens in April, May and June. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong and oboyate-ob- long, entire, obtuse, smooth on both sides, with large and parallel veins, from’six to twelve inches long. Flowers terminal, peduncled ; male numerous, forming small tri- chomous panicles ; female solitary, and also long-pedun- _cled. Bractes opposite, one or more pairs of the divisions of the male panicles, and also at the base at the long proper peduncles of both male and female flowers. The male flowers so far as I can see are always on a separate tree. Calyx of two opposite pairs of nearly equal cor- date smooth, concave, fleshy leaflets. Petals four, ob- Aaaa 626 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Garcinia. long, alternate with the leaflets of the calyx, and nearly of the same length. Filaments numerous, short, collected ona large elevated four-sided, fleshy receptacle. Anthers twin. Pistil no other than an abortive gland immersed in the fleshy receptacle of the stamens. Female calyx and corol as inthe male. Nectary, or abortive stamens, a membranous ring surrounding the base of the germ, which divides into twenty or thirty, compressed filaments, ending in enlarged, glandular heads, not unlike anthers. This ring is soon split into various portions by the growth of the germ and then appears like the phalanges of fila- ments in the class Polyadelphia. Germ superior, globu- lar. Style none. Stigma peltate, about ten-lobed. Berry large, two pounds weight each, round, smooth, when ripe of a rich yellow colour, and exceedingly acid. Seeds about ten, reniform, each inclosed in its own, proper, fleshy, suc- culent envelope, or aril, within which I always sat a quantity of soft yellow resin. The fleshy part of the fruit which covers the seeds and their proper juicy envelope, or aril, is in large quantity, of a firm texture and of a very sharp, pleasant, acid taste. It is used by the natives in their curries, and for acidulat- ing water. Ifcutinto slices, and dried, it retains its qua- lities for years and might be most advantageously em- ployed during long sea-voyages, as a succedaneum for lemons, or limes, to put into various messes, where ‘salt meat is employed, &c. 8. G. fimiitidlatal, R. Dioceous. Leaves oblong. Male flowers sical Sfe- male spiked, and Mipndot a nectary. ‘Berry spherical, four- seeded. - This tree, found in a few gardens about Calcutta, was _ orginally from Silhet; where the tree is indigenous, and known to the natives by the name Boobee-Kowa ; about Calcutia, iy a lt ee a Flow- Garcinia. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 627, ering time the cold season ; the fruit ripens in July. Trunk straight, branches numerous, erect, and ascending ; branch- lets cross-armed. Bark pretty smooth, of a dark-brownish colour. Leaves opposite, decussated; short-petioled, ob- long and oblong-lanceolate, entire, obtuse-pointed, or emarginate, smooth and shining on both sides; about. six inches long and from two to three broad. Male flowers very numerous, white, collected on large brachi- ate panicles, Calyx and corol as in the genus. Stamina numerous, on an elevated, glandular, central receptacle, Female flowers on a distinct tree. Spikes terminal, short, rigid, supporting a few, generally five or seven rigid’y sessile, decussate, small, pure white flowers. Calyx and corol as in the genus ; no nectary. Stamens, rarely the rudiments of. one or two may be present. Germ oyal. ~ Style none. Stigma large, convex, entire, dotted with glands. Berry round, of the size ofa large cherry, when ripe yellow, succulent, and containing generally four reniform seeds, each immersed in a pulpy aril. ‘This pulpy aril is palatable ; its taste more like that of the mangosteen than any thing else 1 can compare it to, 9, G. pictoria, R. Leaves oblong, ventricose. Flowers axillary, solitary, sessile. _ Stigma four-lobed. Berry with as far as four seeds. : "This tree is a’native of the highest parts of. ‘Wynaad, where the soil is-a stiff whitish clay ; where there is con- stant moisture from fogs during the dry season, and abun- dant rains during the wet. Flowering time, on their native soil, February ; the frait ripens in May and June. Mr. Dyer, the Surgeon at Tellicherry writes me, that many "attempts haye been made to rear this tree on low lands, near the coasts, , but that they uniformly perish in a short time, being transported: from their native soil to their gar dens, The same gentleman sent exerah Sa plants & “Aaaa2 628 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Garcinia. the Botanic garden in Bengal, and others have been reared from seed received from the same gentleman ; but both sorts soon died. I have therefore much reason to think the Ar- bor Zeylanica of Burm. Flor. Zeyl. p. 27, is different, for though the fruit of both is small, and contains four seeds, yet that of Ceylon has round leaves which is by no means the case in our Wynaad tree; and I am further inclined to think that this very tree of Burman is now in this garden, at least I have several plants of one which was reared from seed, sent from Ceylon by General Macdowall, about nine years ago, under the Cingalese name Ambul ghoorka, they are now beautiful small trees, with polished, thick, obtuse, oval leaves; two of them have produced male flow- ers abundantly, and from their situation and structure I think will be a new species of Xanthochymus. Tree tall, say sixty feet high, of a conical. shape, alt very full of branches. Bark pretty thick, scabrous and ramous on the outside of a dark ferruginous colour, in- termixed with many yellow specks, and through its sub- - stance, particularly on the inside, considerable masses of gamboge are found. Young shoots somewhat angular, smooth, polished, ofa deep green. Leaves opposite, short- petioled, oblong-ventricose, rather acute, entire, smooth on both sides, and of a firm texture, from three to four inches long by one and a half or two broad. | Hermaphro- dite flowers, axillary, over the axills of the former yeat, solitary,, sessile, of a middling size, and yellow colour. Bractes some very short, obscure scales, round the inser- tion of the flowers. Calyx of two unequal pairs of com cave, obtuse leaflets, permanent. Petals four. oval, longet than the calyx. Filaments united into four bodies, which are again united at the base into a narrow rivg, round the bottom of the young germ, above each body is divided into from: two to six single unequal, short filaments. Anthers from ten to fifteen, oblong, two-lobed, and seem-— ingly fertile. Germ superior, round, four-celled, with one Garcinia, POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. . 629 ovulum in each attached to the axis, a little above its middle. Style none. Stigma four-lobed, permanent. Berry size of a large cherry, oval, smooth, very slightly marked with four lobes, crowned with the sessile, four-lobed, ver- rucose, permanent stigma. Bark leathery, pretty thick, and rather spongy, one-celled. Seeds four when allripen, © oblong-reniform. Perisperm and embryo as in the genus. Male flowers. Calyx and corolla as in the female. Necta- vium none. Filaments ntimerous, inserted on the crown of a square fleshy receptacle, in the centre of the flower, clavate, angular. Anthers arenas Pistillum no praee of one. Ihave received frequent samples of the Gamboge the produce of this tree, from my good correspondent Mr. Samuel Dyer, the Surgeon at Tellicherry, and have uni- formly found it even in its crude, unrefined state, supe- rior in colour, while recent, to every other kind I have wid mia but not so permanent as that from China, 10. G. cornea. Willd. 2, 849. Dioecous. Leaves opposite, oblong. Flowers terminal ; male many-fold; female solitary. Stigma four-lobed. : » Lignum corneum. © Rumph. Amb, 3. p. 55. t. 30. - Two small, beautifal trees, one male, the other female, of about twenty years growth are found in ‘the garden of the late Colonel Robt. Kyd, near Calcutta, said to have been originally, from one of the Malay Islands. They blossom in January and February ; and the female ripens its fruit in May and June, Trunk straight. Branches opposite, many of them drooping ; height of the whole trees about twenty feet. Leaves opposite, petioled, droop- ing, oblong, entire, smooth, ofa deep shining green on both sides + from four to six inches long and about two broad. - Petioles about three ee of an inch \ round, , Mga bthiys SR IPO #1 Sach east” 630 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Xanthochymus, Mave Frowers terminal, peduncled, from: three to nine-fold, pretty large, of a pale yellow colour and without smell. Bractes lanceolate, caducous. Calyx of four roundish expanding, concave, withering leaflets. Petals four, nearly oval, concave, expanding, twice the size of the calyx, ofa pale-yellow colour. Stamens yery numerous, inserted on a fleshy four-lobed receptacle. Filaments very short, indeed scarcely any. Anthers sub-ovate, small, recurved, Germ none. Style four-seeded, clavate. Stig- ma a large glutinous, abortive yellow gland. FEMALE FLOWERS on a separate tree, terminal, ses- sile, and always solitary on our single tree. Calyx and corol as in the male. Stamens entirely wanting. Germ above, ovate, four-celled, with one ovulum in each attach- ed to the axis. Style short and thick, Stigma large, four-lobed and covered with glutinous glands. Berry nearly round, of the size of a medlar, covered with a dark purple, juiceless bark, and crowned with a rugose, rather elevated stigma. Seeds as far as four each, enveloped in a small portion of a pleasant sub-acid, white pulp, like that of the real Mangosteen. Perisporm, &c, as in the other species already described. From wounds made in the sams or unripe fruit, there flows a yellow-juice, which soon hardens into a gum Te — sin of a tolerably good yellow colour, In this country — the plant is an exotic, of course there is no information _ to be procured from the natives regarding the quantity procurable, nor the uses to which it is applied in its 24- tive soil; we must therefore depend on what — says, if this be his tree. Bead Ms ee weeed: SRS _XANTHOCHYMUS. p eee “OEE ‘Cuan, Calyx five-leayed. Corol ‘five-petalled. Nectaries five, alternate with the five polyadelphous fila- ments. Germ from three to five-celled, one. ovalum in Xanthochymus. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 631 each attached in the middle of the axis. Berry supe- rior, one-celled, with from one to five seeds, each enve- loped in a pulpy aril. Embryo simple, erect, in ampie perisperm. i=. ‘hlletd. R. Polygamous. Leaves opposite oblong. Flowers fas- cicled, lateral. Corols globular. Fruit oval, obtuse, frem one to five-seeded. | A native of the Molucca islands; from thence intro- duced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta as a species of Mangosteen. Flowering time in Bengal June and July. The fruit ripens about the beginning of the cool season. ‘The trees in the Botanic garden are but small, being only cight years old ; but very handsome, and the fruit pa- latable. Trunk quite straight to the top ofthe tree. Bark smooth, olive-coloured. Branches and branchlets oppo- site, expanding, the latter grooved and keeled ; the height of trees eight years old about ten feet. Leaves opposite, short-petioled, oblong, entire, often pointed; texture hard, both surfaces polished, about six inches long, and from two to three broad. Petioles short, transversely wrin- kled at the base ; on the inside a fleshy ligule, or protu- berance, which is I believe common to the whole of this order (Guttifero.) Stipules 1 none, - Flowers in small fas- cicles, from the axills of one or two-year old branchlets, peduncled, ofa middling size, or nearly globular, greenish white, inodorous.. Calyx of from four to five or six un- €qual, round concave leaves, as long as the stamina, con- tracted into a globe, with a small opening at the apex when most expanded. Nectary in the male, a truncated porous, yellow body, with five lobes projecting between the insertion of the five filaments. In the hermaphrodite are five yellow porous glands, alternate with the filaments round: the base of ‘the germ. Filaments in both, ate five curved, broad, flat bodies divided at the apex into Six, 632 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Xanthochymus. seven, or eight short portions, each of which supports a twin anther, Germ in the hermaphrodite ovate, smooth, five-celled, with one ovulum in each, attached to the mid- dle of the axis. Style scarcely any. Stigma five-lobed. Berry the size of an apple, from round to oval, obtuse, smooth, bright yellow when ripe, fleshy, the flesh or pulp in quantity, yellow, and rather sweet, one-celled. Seeds from one to five, oblong, rather pointed at the base on the inside, where a large, oblong, lighter coloured space marks the attachment. Integument single, reticulated with light- er coloured veins, on a dark cinnamon-coloured ground. Aril a large portion of the pulp, of rather a softer consis- tence, somewhat darker colour, and pleasant taste, ap- pertains to each seed, which separates spontaneously with its seed from each other, and from the exterior, thick, fleshy covering when the fruit is perfectly ripe. This is the only edible part not only in this but also in all the spe- cies of Garcinia. Perisperm conform to the seed, of a hard fleshy texture and pale yellowish colour. Embryo simple, slender, the length of the perisperm, and scarcely to be distinguished from it till vegetation begins, when the radicle issues from the more pointed base of the seed, and the plumula from its apex. At this stage, a vertical section shows distinctly the form of this body passing through the centre of the seed (as represented by Gaertner in his Mangostana Cambogia. t, 105,) into the ligneous part of the plumula and radicle, while the two extremi- ties of the perisperm may be as clearly traced to the cor- tical part. When vegetation is a little more advanced a mére substantial root issues from the base of plumula, as in monocotyledonous plants, which increases rapidly while the other from the gene is well established, and hon perishes, 9X. isnt eee _ Polygamous. Leaves ova, pultiteat diittat Barringtonia. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 633 ral fascicles, maleand female hermaphrodite mixed. Germ three-celled. Berry oval (size of a small apple) from one to three-seeded. From Ceylon the seeds of this very ele- gant, straight, uncommonly ramous tree, were sent by General Hay Macdowall to the Botanic garden at Cal- cutta, under the Cingalese name Ambul Ghoorka, where in from seven to ten years the trees began to blossom abundantly during the whole of the hot season, but did not produce perfectly ripe fruit until the month of July 1812, when they were fully ten years old. 3. X. -ptotdnsiee: R. Corom. ph 2 N. 196. Leaves opposite, linear-lanceolar. Flowers in lateral fascicles. Berry ovate-pointed. ~ Beng. and Hind. Dampel. Teling. Iwara memadee. . Cing. Rata ghorka. ’ _ A native of the mountainous districtsin India. Flow- ers during the hot season. Fruit ripens in November and -- December. | This beautifal tree yields a green fruit, and a large quantity of indifferent gamboge. It is truly guttiferous, and: but a femoved 3 in its natural habit, from the Gar- retnitts. © PPA, ee id + gt eas - BARRING TONIA. Schreb. gen. n. cage Gen: CxarR. Calyx simple, from two to four-cleft, per- manent, Corol one or four-petalled, inserted on the short -tube of the stamina. Germ inferior, two-celled, (4..Geert.) «cells many seeded; attachment interior.* Berry dry, one- “"* Or it may be called one-petalled, and the stamina inserted on the short tube of the corol, as in Eugenia the germ has two cells, with many ovula in each, and exactly as in the real Guttifere, the Sree is sine a PE eRe toreighesle: ang f i Bbbb 634 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA, Barringtonia. celled, one-seeded. Embryo simple, inverse, length of the ample perisperm. 1. B. racemosa: R. : ' ; Leaves broad-lanceolar, serrulate. Racemes pendulous, Calyces from two to three-parted. Fruit ovate, nants mith rounded angles. . Eugenia, racemosa. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. 2. 966, . Samstravadi.. Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 6. Butonica sylvestris. alba. Rumph.. Amb. 3. t. 116. A stout timber tree, a native of the Molucca Islands, the Delta of the Ganges, Malabar, &c. In the Botanic garden it blossoms during the cool season, and the seed takes above half a year to ripen. Trunk pretty straight. _ Branches, numerous and spreading much. : Bark on the younger part, a dark ash-colour; on the older scabrous, and darker coloured. Leaves alternate, short-petioled, broad-lanceolar, acuminate, serrulate or crenulate; smooth on both sides; from three to twelve inches long, and from one to four broad. Racemes sometimes terminal, some- times from the large branches, pendulous, coloured and smooth. . Flowers remote, short-pedicelled, large, pale pink... Bractes minute, caducous. | Calyx superior, two or three-parted, smooth, permanent. Petals four, insett- ed on the base of the short tube which is formed by the base of the filaments united, and dropping off with them in one body, oblong, smooth, margins revolute. Filaments numet- ous, longer than the petals. Germ inferior, turbinate, two- celled, with several ovula in each attached to the middle of the partition, as in Eugenia, Style longer than the stami- ‘na. Stigmasimple. Fruit drupaceous, of the size of a large pullet’s egg, and not unlike one in shape, only somewhat four-sided, pretty smooth on the outside, olive green within, the flesh rather spongy and brown, one-celled. Seed solita- ry, ovate-oblong. Integuments scarcely any other than the smooth, dark brown Um of the pelle ericarpium. © Barringtonia. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 635 Perisperm conform to the seed, firm, fleshy and white. Embryo simple, (as in the Guttiferous seeds) lanceolate, length of the perisperm, inverse ; when vegetation begins, the plumula issues from the base of the fruit, and this part (the simple embryo) forms the ligneous centre. of the ‘shoots, while the perisperm furnishes the cortical part andthe leaves. Radicle superior, (that is, from the apex of the perisperm and embryo, as the plumula is from the base) no appearance of any other cotyledon or cotyledons than the perisperm and embryo... The seeds of Barringtonia acutangala have exactly the same conformation, In neither have I observed any thing that can be called a cotyledon except the copious perisperm which performs the same office, for by the elongation of its two extremities, it furnishes the bark and foliage of the young plant, while the opposite end of the embryo or central part supplies the wood and pith ; it is exactly the same in the several species of Garcinia and Xanthochymus examined by me, only there the central portion, which 1 call the embryo, is ve- ry slender, and the permanent toot proceeds from the base of the plumula as in the plants usually called mo- nocotyledonous, while that from the upposite end of the embryo soon persian or remains shlender Esomepated to the other. .- ‘ i ids agi ny R. oR Una Leaves cuneate-obovate, serrulate. Racemes pendu- lous. Calyx four-parted. Fruit oblong, four-sided, with the angles sharp. - a. . Tsjeria samstravadi. Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 7: Eugenia acutangula. Linn. sp. pl. ed. Willd. sete 966,. _ Stravidium,. Juss. gen. pl. 361. a name, we ip, ee 636 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA.. Careya. » Butonica terrestris rubra. Rumph. Amb. 3. t. 115. Teling. Cadamic. OY This species is common in most parts of India; it grows to be a large handsome tree, in appearance it is more like a regular, well-shaped, middle-sized Oak, than any other tree I have ever met with. It flowers about the beginning of the wet season. Its long pendulous racemes, of scarlet-coloured flowers, give it at that time a most elegant appearance. Bark dark-coloured, sca-. — tough and thick, Ae “3. B. speciosa. Willd. 3. 845. » Leaves entire. Flowers on a terminal thyrse. Fruit premidally four-sided: ~ Butonica. Rumph. Amb. 3: t. 114... ‘Commersonia sonnerat. Guin. 14. t.8. 9. A large, and beautiful tree, a native of the eit en and the South-Sea {slands. = ig Ber CAREYA. R. i nae Gen. CHAR. Calyx four-parted. Corol four-parted. piercer aire exterior and interior filaments abor- tive. Germ inferior, semiquadrilocular ; dvula numer ous; . Sate sub-interior. Stylesingle. Berry many- seeded. Seeds nidulant. anys werd st ts length ' of _ ae en seo when © F Le. spheerica: R. PREG -Arboreous. Leaves obovate, sbinbes gray: ‘pervies globular and - crowned with the inflected: — seg- ments of the calyx. : - A-large tree, a native of the mountains of - Chittagong. Flowering in April; the fruit ripens in July. The leaves” are deciduoys just before the flowers expand, and appeat with orimmediately after them. Trunk se ai Se Careya. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 637 trees, thirteen years old, about twelve feet to the branches and twenty-four inchesin circumference, four feet from the ground. Branches scattered, and dividing without order. ° Bark pretty: smooth, ash-coloured, and abounding with very strony fibres, fit for cordage ; whole height’ of the young trees about thirty feet. Leaves alternate, approxi- mate abvut the ends of the branches, short-petioled, obovate-oblong, firm and glossy, obtuse-pointed, slightly- crenulate, from eight to twelve inches long, and from four to seven broad.- Stipules none. Spikes or heads termi- nal, sub-globular. Flowers large, sessile, crowded, from six to twelve toyether from the spike or head, expanding in succession at night, and dropping soon after sun-rise, inodorous. Bractes tern, embracing the base of the germ on the outside, ovate, smooth. Calyx superior, four, rarely five-parted, smooth, permanent; segments semilunar, firm, and fleshy. - Petals four, rarely five, oblong, obtuse, expanding, of a pale greenish yellow; soon afterexpansion the margins become so much rolled back, as to make them appear sharp-pointed, inserted into a hollow rim round the crown of the germ, within the base of the calyx. Filaments numerous, all united into one thick, fleshy ring near the base, and inserted within the petals, into the same ring; naturally dividing into three sorts, the first or innermost, short and converging : round the lower pait of the style, these are abortive; the second ‘nearly as long as the petals, and fertile ; the third as long as the ‘petals, of a pretty deep red colour and abortivealso. An- thers small, and attached to the second, or middle range of filaments only. Germ inferior, semiquadrilocular. Recep- tacles four, parietal two-lobed, meeting below in the centre (the body of the receptacle being there exactly rectan- gular,) though receding in the upper part; hence four-— celled below, and one-celled above. Ovula numerous. and arranged in six vertical rows in each cell. Inthe other arboreous species (C, arborea) there are only two rows 638 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Careya. in each cell. Style the length of the stamens. Stigma obs- curely four-lobed. Berry spherical, smooth, of the size of an orange, the whole substance, the seeds excepted, of a firm, yellowish fleshy consistence, intermixed with a few fibres. Seeds a few scattered through the pulp of the berry, shape various but generally oblong, and about the size of a field bean. Integument single, tough, smooth, of a light-brown, Perisperm conform to the seed, hard, amygdaline. _Em- bryo simple, (as in the Guttiferous seeds) lanceolate, extending the whole length of the seed. | When vege- tation commences the radicle issues from the small end of the seed, close to the umbilicus; and the scaly pla- mula from the opposite end; the embryo furnishing the centre, or ligneous part, and the perisperm the cortical part of the young plant. 2. C. arborea. R. Ind. pl. 3. N. 218. Arboreous. Flowers sessile. Leaves oval, serrulate- dentate, Berries ovate and crowned with the erect seg- ments of the calyx. : Pelou. Rheed. Mal. 3. t 36. Teling. Kumbi. yi ee Pootta-tanni-marum, oa A tree of immense size, growing on the mountains of Coromandel, &c, where it blossoms during the hot season, and the seed ripens about three or four months afier. 8. C. herbaceous. R. Ind. pl. 3. n. 217. . Herbaceous. Flowers peduncled, Leaves obovate-ci- neate, serrulate. Bhoomi darimba the Sanscrit name. Beng. Bhooi dalim. | _ A small herbaceous plant, with a de cia’ permanent. root, which shoot from short, perishable stems, or branches | of only a few inches in length ; a native. of the interior parts of Bengal, where it was found by Pies Wilham b Berria. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA, 639 Carey, whose name the genus bears. Its numerous, very large beautiful pink flowers appear in February and March and the seed ripens in June and July. BERRIA. R. Ger. Cuar. Calyx five parted. Corol five-petalled. Germ superior, three-celled ; cells many-seeded ; attach- ment anterior. Capsule three-seeded, three-yvalved, six- winged, Seeds a few in each cell. Embryo inverse and furnished with a perisperm. _ B. Amomnilla, R.* Cing. Ammonilla. — - Eng. Trincomalee wood tree, A native of Ceylon and one of their largest and most. useful timber trees. Much of the wood is annually ex- ported from Trincomalee. Trank in young trees in the Botanic garden at Calcutta, straight with smooth, light brown bark, and an extensive, very dense, shady head, Leaves alternate, petioled, cordate, sometimes slightly scolloped, from five to seven-nerved, acute, smooth on both sides, from four to eight incheslong. Petiolesrather - shorter than the leaves, slender, round, smooth, and often coloured. ‘Stipules ensiform, Panicles terminal, and axil- lary, large, ramose, bearing ‘numerous, elegant, middle- sized white flowers. Calyx one-leaved, downy, on the outside splitting irregularly into three, four, or five, seg- ments, permanent. Petals five-spreading, linear-oblong, double the length of the calyx or more. , Filaments nu-. merous, half the length of the petals. Anthers incumbent, * This Dr. R. is inclined to consider a perfectly distinct, and well marked, hitherto undeseribed genus, which he has named after _ Dr. Andrew Berry « of Madras, an eminent Physician and Botanist,. to whose abilities and industry, the Botanic garden at Calcutta is_ much indebted, Bie iricee? aig to Jussieu's mal et Malwacee. © 640 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Humea. two-lobed, ofa bright yellow. Germ superior, hairy, ovate, three-lobed, three-celled, with about six or eight ovula in each, attached in two verticalrows totheaxis. Style short. Stigma three-cleft. Capsules six-winged, round, three-celled, three-valved, each valve ornamented with two large oblong, membra- naceous, reticulated, expanding villous wings. Seeds from one to four in each cell, irregularly ovate, clothed with much stiff, light-brown, short hair, affixed to the central receptacle near its apex. The hair very readi- ly enters the skin and produces as much painful itch- ing as that of Carpopogon pruriens ( Dolichos pruriens Linn.) Integuments three, the exterior one friable, light- brown; the second tough, smooth and darker coloured ; the inner one a membrane adhering to the perisperm. Pe- risperm conform to the seed; amygdaline. Embryo in- verse, of a pale yellow. Cotyledons roundish, from five to seven-nerved. Plumulatwo-lobed. Radicle oblong, supé- rior, with its point immediately within the umbillicus. any HUMEA. R. - Gen. Cuar. Calyx simple, five-parted. | Corol five- _petalled. | Nectary five-leaved tetween the germ and numerous stamina. Germsuperior, five-celled ; cells two- seeded. Style and stigma simple. Capsules as far as five, one-celled, twc-valved, Seeds one ortwo. Embry erect, without a perisperm., | nate 1. H. elata. R. ade . Mas-jot the vernacular name at Chittagong, where the tree is indigenous and grows to a very great size ee ticularly in the back part of that: province. Flowering time the month of May; the seed ripens in October, No- vember and December. S ee es Note. This truly majestic tree, appears to © sti .. a new. genus in the class Polyandria, and order Mono Humea. POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 641 gynia of Linneus, and many stand between Pteros- permum and Sterculia in Jussieu’s natural order Mal- vacee, and as the plant named by Dr. Edward Smith, in honour of the late Lady Amelia Hume, had somewhat earlier been described and published in France, under the name Colomeria,* consequently if that name was prior- to Dr. Smith’s, it must have the preference on that ac- count. Dr. R. takes the liberty of consecrating this ge- nus to the memory of that most amiable lady, by whose death Botany has lost one of its greatest admirers and best benefactors. Trunk straight and of a great size; that of fall grown trees in their native soil about fifteen feet in circumfer- ence four feet above the root. Branches numerous, ‘spreading, forming a very large, ovate, shady head: ‘Bark of the trunk and large branches ash-coloured and smooth, that of the young parts, clothed witha little hoa- ry pubescence. Leaves alternate, petioled, from three to ‘seven-nerved, cordate,*margins entire, one of the lobes into which the base ,is divided, generally larger than the other, upper surface smooth, hoary underneath, from four to twelve inches long, and from three to eight broad. Petioles swelled at each end, the rest round, and a little hoary about one-third or one-fourth. the length of the leaves. Panicles ‘terminal, large, ovate, very ra- mous ; with the ramifications rather hoary. Flowers numerous, pedicelled, collected in little fascicles, colour bright yellow, not fragrant, but pretty large and showy. Calyx inferior, one-leaved, campanulate; border four or five-toothed, hoary on the outside, smooth within. -Corol. Petals five, in the bud contorted, when expanded obliquely-oblong ; yellow, spreading. Nectary‘or abortive filaments five, linear, shorter than the stamina, id “Cece” : 2 eae ee 642 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Humea. between them and the germ, opposite to its five grooves. Filaments numerous, slender, shorter than the petals, very slightly, or rather, scarcely united at the base, and insert- ed round the apex of a short turbinate receptacle. Germ superior, and elevated on the turbinate receptacle consi- derably above the insertion of the calyx and corol, and very hairy, conspicuously and deeply five-lobed, five-cell- ed, each containing two ovula attached from their middle to the inner angle of thecell. Style single, five-furrowed, the length of the filaments. Stigma simple. Capsules from one to five, two or three most frequent, round-oval, about an inchand a half in diameter, and one inch thick, ofa firm, fibrous, woody texture, surface grey or ash-coloured, and somewhat downy, one-celled, two-valved. Seed one, rarely two; conform to the capsule. Integuments two, the eX- terior one light-brown and friable; the interior one mem- branaceous. Perisperm none. Embryo conform to the seed, erect. Cotyledons two, nearly equal, amygdaline. Plumula small, villous, two-lobed. Radicle oblong, in- ferior. * OBSERVATIONS. An sbcheipnate drawing and description of this very Stately tree, were sent to England (with my other draw- ings,) in 1804, numbered 1482, under the name Pleros- permum paniculatum ; they were taken from excellent spe- cimens in flower received from Chittagong, but unfor- tunately, the seed vessel ofa Pterospermum, was BO doubt brought, tied to the specimens for that of Maus-jot, and as such given in the above-mentioned drawing and de- scription. This error has only been discovered during the last year (1810), by procuring not only plants for the Botanic garden but abundance of specimens with flowers and seed vessels. in all stages, from bear ene and Silhet, : - Roydsia, | POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. 643 OCHNA. Schreb. gen. n. 891. Gen. CuHar. Calyx inferior, five-leaved. Corol from five to twelve-petalled. Germ from five to twelve-celled, one-seeded ; attachment inferior. Seeds several, affixed to a large roundish receptacle. Embryo erect without perisperm. _ ©. squarrosa. Willd. 2. 1158. Corom. pl. 1. p. 62. f. 89. Panicles lateral. Leaves oti finely serrate. Kunuk-champa the Sanskrit name. Teling. Yerra-juvee. Japotapita cinnamomifolia. Burm. Zeyl. 128. t. 56. ~ A small tree, anative of the mountainous parts of Tn- dia. Leaves deciduous in the cool season, and appearing with the sweetly fragrant flowers i in February and March. The seed ripens in sep? and June. ROYDSIA. R. Grn. Cuar. Calyx inferior, six-parted. Corol none, Stamina on a column or receptacle, Germ pedicelled, above the insertion of the filaments, three-celled ; cells many-seeded ; attachment interior. Drupe pedicelled, one-seeded. Embryo erect, without perisperm. | This elegant, strongly marked genus is named _ in honour of Sir John Royds, one of the puisne Judges of the Supreme Court of Judicature of Bengal, an emi- nent benefactor to the science. R. suaveolens. R. 2 ~ Madhuavee-luta, the vernacular namein Silhet, where the plant i is indigenous. Flowering time the month of March, when its numerous blossoms diffuse a strong, but plea- Cecc2 644 POLYANDRIA MONOGYNIA. Roydsia. sant odour through the forest, where they grow. The seed ripens in August and September. Stem stout, woody and with its numerous branches climbing over trees to a great extent. Bark of the young shoots green, void of pubescence, but covered with numerous, small, ele- vated,-whitish specks, Leaves alternate, short-petioled, oblong, entire, of a firm texture, and smooth en both sides, sometimes pointed, about six inches long, and about two and a half and three broad. Stipules none. Inflo- rescence terminal, and axillary, when terminal it is gene- rally a long slender panicle, as long as the leaves; when axillary, a simple raceme. Flowers numerous, alternate, short-pedicelled, pretty large, of a pale yellow, and fragrant. Bractes solitary, oblong, villous, one-flowered. Calyx in- ferior, one-leaved, six-cleft, villous. Segments ovate, ina double series, the exterior three rather longer than the others. Corol none, nor any thing like a nectarial organ. Filaments numerous, (about 100,) the length of the pistil- lum, the pedicel of which is inserted on the apex of a short column. Anthers incumbent. Germ pedicelied above the elevated receptacles of the stamina, oblong, three-celled, with about two rows of ovula in each, at- tached to the axis. Style very short, Stigma trifid. Drupe pedicelled, of the size of a large olive, oval, covel- ed with a rather scabrous, orange-coloured, thin, brittle cortex, one-celled. Pulp in considerable quantity, soft and yellow. Nut oblong; texture of a ligneous nature, thin, one-celled, and three valved. Se eds:solitary, con- form to the nut. Integument single, mem branaceous. Perisperm none. Embryo erect. Cotyledons two, unequal, the larger one deeply concave, receiving the smaller one doubled into its concavity, as in Shorea; they are of a firm fleshy texture, and yellowish. _ Radicle inferior, and rather WU te a of the cotyledons, — 2 Tetracera, POLYANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. 645 » POLYANDRIA TETRAGYNIA. TETRACERA. Schreb. gen. n. 930. GEN. Cuar. Calyx from four to six-leaved. Corol from three to six-petalled. Filaments dilated at top. Anthers twin. Follicles from one to four. Seeds arilled, one or more in each follicle. 1. T. sarmentosa. Willd. 2.1240. ’ Shrubby, scandent. Leaves oval, ribbed, scabrous, ser- rate. Panicles terminal. Flowers monogynous. Follicles one-seeded. Piripu. Rheed. Mal. Delima sarmentosa. Burm. Ind. 37. a 5 A native of Pulo Penang, Ceylon, &c. Dr. William Hunter who found it on Pulo Penang, thinks this may be Marsden’s Pulass, see his History of Sumatra. p. 76. 2. T. trigyna. R. Shrubby, scandent. Leaves broad-lanceolar, acute, ser- rulate. Ranicles jgrminal, scanty ; flowers trigynous. Co- . Follicles with several seeds in each. ~ Mamplas of the Malays on. Pulo Penang, where it is indigenous in the forests, running up and down trees, &c. toa great extent. Flowering time uncertain. The seed ripens in July and August. Leaves alternate, short- petioled, short, broad-lanceolate, slightly serrate, having a few scattered hairs on both sides, from two to three in- ches long: Stipules none. Panicles terminal, small, a little hairy. Flowers pretty large. Bractes ovate-lancevlate, hairy, one or two at each of the divisions of the panicle. Calyx generally four-leaved ; leaflets unequal, round, con- cave, ciliate, permanent. Petals genera!ly four, much -Jonger than the calyx, deciduous. Filaments numerous, clavate. Anthers twin. Germ superior. — Style recur- 646 POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Nelumbium. ed. Stigma simple. Follicles three, polished, size of a field bean. Seeds several, generally from three to five, round, smooth, enveloped in a large quantity of orange~ coloured wool, growing from the eye of the seed. 3. T. Euryandra. Willd. 2, 1242. Shrubby, scandent. Leaves elliptic, scabrous, lineate, with the margins a little waved. Panicles terminal, large and ramous. Flowers trigynous. Calyx and corol of about seven leaflets and petals. Germs very hairy. A native of the Moluccas. POLYANDRIA PENTAGYNIA. NIGELLA. Schreb. gen. n. 935. Gey. Cuar. Calyx none. Corol five-petalled. Nec- - taries within the corol. Capsules five, connected. N. indica. R. Annual. Petals entire. Germs five, length of the sta- mina. Leaves decompound. Exterior lip of the necta- ries ovate, and deeply two-cleft, interior entire and acute. ~ Beng. and Hind. Kalla-jeera. A native of Hindoostan. It appears, flowers and rip- ens its seed during the ws Are Season, Beacon “et esta N. arvensis. POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. NELUMBI UM.* Tas: Gen: Cuar. Calyx none. Corol inferior, many-pe- talled. Germs many, distinctly immersed in the turbi- * Dr. Carey considers this name to be derived from two Sung- skrit words. viz. Neel, blue; and Umboja, generated in water. Al- though we have not yet found a blue Nelumbium in these — Adie rot nmi eenaetion at ii aceon ee Nelumbium. vpouyYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 647 nate, truncate receptacle ; one-celled, one-seeded ; attach- ment (of the ovula) superior. Seeds many, lodged as in the germ. Embryo inverse, without perisperm or vi- tellus. N. speciosum. Willd. 2. 1258. Root creeping. Leaves suborbicular, peltate, entire. “Peduncles and petioles prickly. Flowers many-petalled. Tamara, Rheed, Mal. 11. ¢. 30. Padma, Asiat. Res. 4, 286, ' Sungs. Pudma, Muhotpula. — aie The red variety, Ruktotpula, Kokunuda. Beng. Rukta pudma. Sungs. The white sort, Poondureeka, Sitambuja. Beng. Shwet pudma. Pers. Nilufu. . Thave met with only two sorts on the coast of Coroman- del, one with rose-coloured flowers, the other with flowers perfectly white, and since that time a third variety has been brought from China with smaller rosy flowers. They grow in such sweet water lakes, &c. as do not dry up during the driest season, and on the coast, flower all the year round. In Bengal they flower during the hot season, April, May and June, and ripen their seed about the close of the rains. Root creeping in mud, jointed at various distances, in general, fully as thick as the - fore-finger, of uncertain length, but it must be very great ; smooth, generally tinged with red, perforated internally with many pores. The joints in old plants are often swell- ed into tubulosities of various sizes; sometimes as large as a man’s fist; from them issue many fungous fibres, and from the upper and the interior part of these tubulosi- ties issue one, two, or more leaves and flowers ; their inser- tions being surrounded with spathe-like sheaths. Leaves. radical, from the joints, petioled, peltate, floating on the | * water, transversely broad-oval, entire, except at that * - 648 _ POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Nelumbium. ‘part which was the upper point before the leaf expand- ed, where it is emarginate with a point; the nerve that ter- minates in this point is simple and straight, all the other nerves, fifteen or thirty in number, are twice or thrice two- cleft; akove, the leaf is of a beautiful pea-green colour and of a very soft velvet-like texture; underneath is a cuticle which is frequently of a turgid red, covering innumerable small vescicles, these render the leaves specifically lighter than water; the breadth of the leaves from twelve to twenty-four inches, and the length, from the emarginated point to the opposite margin, from nine to eighteen inch- es. Petioles of various length, according to the depth of the water, being always sufficiently long to admit of the leaf floating; round, rigid, as thick as a rattan, or thicker, armed with many small inoffensive prickles, and perforated with four larger and many smaller pores. Peduncles radical, one-flowered, of various length, round, thicker than the petioles, rigid, frequently tinged red, armed with small inoffensive prickles, and perforated with from six to seven large and many small holes. In * the rose-coloured China variety, the prickles are sharper and more numerous. Flowers large and beautiful beyond description, particularly in the rose-coloured varieties, nearly inodorous, about nine or ten inches in diameter when expanded, they are then elevated a few inches above the surface of the water. Calyx none. Corol ma- ny-petalled (from fifteen to sixty,) the exterior ones small, - and coloured, green on the outside, the middle series large, the interior lessening in size, all concave, ‘ob- long, with a minute point, lower part pale rose-coloured, deepening toward the apex. Filaments numerous (from “two to three hundred) inserted in several series with- in the petals, round the base of the receptacle and about one half its length. | Anthers linear, as long as < the filaments, which elevate their apices a little above the surface of the solar each ‘crowned with a- Nelumbium. POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA, . 649 most beautiful, white, slightly incuryed, pearl-coloured club. Receptacle sub-conical, from the apex from ten to thirty cells. Germs one in each cell of the receptacle, attached at the base, oblong, one-celled; ovula single, attached to a swelling at the top of the cell. Style scarcely any. Stigmas fleshy, sub-infundibuliform. Seeds gener- ally as many as there were germs, oval, reniform. Inte: guments two; the exterior one spongy and spreading into lamina. Perisperm none. Embryo inverse. Cotyledons (vitellus) of Geertner two, equal, white, united at the apex to the corol, and in some degree to each other round that organ. Plumula of two meq fal sub-opposite, long-peti- oled, orbicular, péltate leaves; between them and the apex or point of union with the cotyledons is a short column, which as in Anneslea, I will call the peduncle. When vegetation begins, this, as well as the leaves of the plu- mula, and their folded petioles swell and lengthen and soon force a passage through the base of the seed, &c. as very accurately represented by Geertner, 1. p. 73. 4. ¢.19. By the time the two leaves of the plumula are expand- ed, the proper roots begin to appear, issuing from the base of their petioles, where they unite with the peduncle, Ih China, there | is a still more beautiful bright crimson variety, which they call Hu Pcl I haye hitherto only seen a drawing of Mei oT ~ cue eae ais The white Nelumbium differs i in pe espects trie. the red one, and. may be considered as onlya variety of i it. The difference i is as follows. Ist. In the white one the flowers are milk-white, in the red one rose-coloured. 2nd. In the , White one the number of germs (consequently seeds) are from eight to twenty, in the red one from ten to thirty, The seeds of both come eanally well to maturity and are “The needa are e.eaten = sage ee Ddad 650 POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Dillenia. boiled. The leaves are used to eat off instead of plates. These holy and beautiful plants are often met with in the religious ceremonies of the Hindoos under their Sanscrit name Padma. DILLENIA. Schreb. gen. n. 939. ~ GEN. Cuar. Calyx five-leaved. Corol five-petalled. Germ superior, few or many, one-celled, many-seeded ; attachment interior. Capsules conjoined round a coni- cal receptacle. Seeds few or many immersed in a gela- tinous pulp. Embryo centripetal, and furnished With perisperm. 1. D. speciosa. Thunb. in. Linn. 1. p. 100, Willd. 2. 1251. : Leaves petioled, oblong, acutely serrate. Flowers so- litary. Capsules about twenty. Dillenia indica. Linn. sp. pl. 745. Syalita. Rheed. Mal. 3. t. 38. 39. Beng. Chalta. Teling. Uva-chitta, the name of the tree, and phd 1 the fruit. ai * This when in flower i is one of the most beautiful trees I have ever seen; it is a native of the vallies, far uP amongst the Ghoar mountains ; is also found cultivated in some gardens on account of its elegant appearance. It flowers during the hot season, and the beginning of the rains, and the seed ripens in February. Trunk very - straight but of no great height. Branches numerous, spreading, then ascending so as to form a most regular ’ round, dense, shady head, particularly while the tree is young. Leaves about the extremities of the branchlets ap- proximated, short-petioled, oblong, most regularly sharp- serrate, very firm, with many large, elevated, parallel veins, corresponding in number with, and ending in the points of the serratures, smooth, about nine inches long Dillenia. POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. } 651 by four broad. Pefioles about an inch long, channelled, embracing half the circumference of the branchlets, leav- ing a permanent mark after they fall. Peduncles generally one amongst the leaves that surround the extremity of each branchlet undivided, clavate, round, smooth, one- flowered. Flowers looking down the earth finally, de- lightfully fragrant, very large, about nine inches in dia- meter. Calyx five-leaved, roundish, concave, thick and fleshy, enlarging with the capsule, which it permanently encloses. Petals five, oblong, waved, spreading, white. Filaments short, very. numerous. Anthers numerous, linear, the inner series longer and larger, bending out un- der the stigmas and forming a large yellow globe in the centre, which is elegantly crowned with the white lance- olate, spreading stigma opening by two pores at the top. Siyle scarcely any. Stigmas linear, lanceolate, recurved. Capsules about twenty, surrounding the large, conic re- ceptacle, sub-reniform, soft, fleshy, pale green, one-celled, eyalvular, containing a pellucid glutinous liquid which surrounds the seeds, Germs, about twenty, surround- ing a thick, firm, conic receptacle : singly linear, one-cell- ed, containing numerous ovula in several rows attached to atwo-lobed receptacle in the inner angle of each cell. Seeds numerous, reniform or obliquely oval, attached as in the germ, very hairy. Integuments two, the exterior one rather thick and hard, the inner one membranaceous, and adhering to the perisperm. Perisperm conform to the seed. Embryo small, lodged immediately within the umbilicus. Cotyledons two, small. Radicle oblong, cen- _ tripetal. . The fleshy leaflets of the calyx when the fruit is full grown haye an agreeably acid taste, and are much used ‘by the natives where the trees grow, in their curries. ‘They make a. tolerably pleasant jelly. The wood is both. hard and tough ; and used to. make gun-stocks, Dadaz : & a ey pert fim? 32 pores | 652 . POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Ditlenia. 2. D. pentagyna. R. Corom. pl. 1. p. 21. ¢. 20. Leaves petioled, broad-lanceolate, acutely serrate. Pe- duncles one-flowered, lateral, fascicled. Capsules five. Teling. Rowadan. This is a large timber tree, a native of the Phonssihides Circars ; it flowers in March and April. 3. D. repanda. R. Leaves oval, retuse, repand, smooth ; racemes leaf-op- ‘posed, from five to seven-flowered. Calyx villous on the ‘outside. A native of Hindoostan. A. D. augusta. R. Leaves stem-clasping, broad-lanceolar, parallel-veined, acutely serrate towards the base, the rest repand, den- tate. 3 eh An immense tree, a native of the mountaiious countries on the eastern frontier of Bengal. The leaves on the young trees in the Botanic garden at Calcutta, are from two to four feet long, and from nine to eighteen inches broad ; _ while young beautifully coloured, and then somewhat vil- _ lous, they taper most toward their insertion, and there embrace the branchlet with a rufile-like waved pone ‘tion of the leaf. | 5. D. pilosa. R. Leaves sessile, lanceolarly cuniétfotin hairy, serratares subulate,-and hairy. A majestic timber tree, a native of the monsitutiiets countries in the vicinity of Goalpara, on the banks of the river Megna. From thence plants have been intro- duced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta, where they grow freely, but have not yet blossomed ; the leaves in, our young trees are from twelve to nineteen inches long, and from four to. nine broad ; in the larger leaves the Liriodendron. POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 653 serratures become more remote scallop-dentate, they are finely pointed and hairy on oa ee as well as round the margin. 6. D. scabrella. R. | Leaves petioled, cuneate, lanceolar, acutely serrate, ribbed, both sides harsh with short hairs. A stately timber tree, a native of the mountains on the eastern frontier of Bengal. LIRIODENDRON. Shreb. Ben. n. 942. Gen. Cuar. Calyx three-leaved. Petals nine. Germs numerous, one-celled, two-seeded ; attachment interior, many imbricated so as to form a strobile, winged, one- celled, from one to two-seeded. Embryo centripetal, with ample perisperm. 1. L. grandiflora. R - - Leaves oblong, witha tapering base, entire. Flowers terminal, solitary; calyx of several deciduous spathes. Corol pine petalled, the exterior ones green on the outside. - Doolee champa, the vernacular name in Silhet. A middling sized, “very. ‘ramous tree, a. native of the hilly countries in the vicinity of Silhet and ‘Chittagong, where it blossoms in April and May, and perfumes the air to a considerable distance with the fragrance of its fine large flowers; the seed ripens in October and Novem- ber. Young shoots strongly marked with the annular marks left by the stipules, otherwise smooth. Leaves al- — ternate, oblong, tapering most to the base, entire, hard, and void of pubescence, but glaucous, particularly un- derneath, obtuse, ribbed with large, simple, expanding ag between which he small ones are a ale reti-- 654 POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Liriodendron. side of the edges of the petioles of the next inferior leaf. Flowers terminal, solitary, large, as in Miller’s figure of Magnolia grandiflora, and like them white and fragrant. Calyx what I consider to be it, or an involucre on the many spathes which cover the flower bud, and drop off in succession, as it swells, leaving strong annular marks behind. Petals nine, oval, thic., firm, and fleshy, with thin waved edges, the exterior three or four green, on the outside, all the rest white. Stamina numerous, imbricated upwards, linear, incurved, having on each side a polliniferous groove to within a very little of the base. Germs numerous, imbricated upward into a cone, swelled at the base, one-celled, and containing two ovula attach- ed to the inner angle or side of the cell ; upper part (style,) free, ensiform, and villous. Stigma simple. Fructification as described by Geertner de fruct. 2. p- 475. an oblong strobiliform cone, of about sixteen inches in length, and from seven to eight in circumference, Up- wardly imbricated, with numerous long-tailed, folicular samara, which open on the outside near the base, and expose to view the large beautiful orange-coloured seeds, often hanging by a slender, soft, sericeous filament. Seeds ‘one or two, sub-triangular ; angles rounded. Integuments three, the exterior one fleshy, and while fresh of a fine glossy orange colour, the second of a ‘yeniform texture, dividing into two valves, when vegetation begins, the inner one a fine membrane. Perisperm conform to the seed, soft and oily. Embryo small, lodged in that angle of the perisperm next the umbilicus. Cotyledons cordate. Radicle oval, centripetal. 5 “20 L. Lilifera. Willd, 2. 1255. Leaves broad-lanceolate, entire, ‘smooth, an Ate: Anoa-chumpa. : A pretty large tree, a native i. the ly countries in ‘the vicinity of Silhet. Sr nigreee 2s Magnolia. POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 655 MAGNOLIA. Shreb. gen. n. 942. GEN. Crar. Calyx three-leaved. Corol nine petal- led. Germs numerous, one-celled, two-seeded, attach- ment interior. Capsules two-valved. Seed berried, pen- dulous. 1. M. pumila. Bot. Repos. N. 226. Shrubby, erect, smooth. Leaves broad-lanceolar, en- tire. Peduncles terminal, solitary, one-flowered. Retans six, concave and fleshy. . A native of China. Flower pure white, and exqui- sitely fragrant. Compare with Louriero’s Liriodendron Coco. p. 424. In the Botanic garden at Calcutta it is in blossom all the year, but has never produced even half grown fruit. The genus is therefore doubtful. 2. M. obovata. Willd. 2. 1257. ‘Shrubby, erect, twiggy. Leaves oblong, entire, smooth. Peduncles terminal, solitary, one-flowered. Petals six, expanding. | ae A native of China; it blossoms during the rainy sea- son in the Botanic ites: _ Flowers very large, rose- coloured, and inodorous, like pumila it it never aoinees fruit in Bengal. 3. M. fuscata. Bot. Repos. N. 229. : Shrubby, very ramous. Leaves oblong, ventricose, ob- tuse, smooth. Flowers axillary, solitary. Calyx spatha- ceous, petals six, lanceolar. A very ramous middling sized shrub, a native of Chi- na, In the Botanic garden at Calcutta it blossoms in March. The flowers are rather small for a Magnolia, of a very pale yellow, ox cream-colour, and seca fragrant ; it has never produced fruit in Bengal. — “” 656 POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Michelia. MICHELIA. Schreb. gen, n. 943. Grn. Cuar. Spathe one-leayed, deciduous. Corol many-petalled. Germ numerous, one-celled, few-seed- ed; attachment interior. Capsules numerous, few-seed- ed. Embryo centripetal, furnished with a perisperm. 1. M. Champaca. Willd. 2. 1260. . Leaves lanceolate, round, smooth, entire. Flowers aailary solitary, short-peduncled. Champaca. Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 19. Sampacca. Rumph. Amb. 2, t. 67 and 68. Beng. Champaka, or Chumpa. . Sans. Champaca. See Asiat. Res. 4, 287. __A pretty large tree, common in gardens over most parts of India. . Flowering time the rainy season; the seed ripens in the cold season. Trunk straight; branches ascending and spreading. Leaves alternate, round the extremities of the branchlet, petioled, lanceolate, waved, smooth, entire, from four to six inches long. . - Petioles marked on the upper margins with the cicatrices of the stipules. Stipules spathiform, adjoined to the petioles, caducous, , Peduncles axillary, short, thick, one-flower- ed, Flowers large, yellow, delightfully fragrant. Bractes several, below the calyx, like it, but smaller, é also cadu- cous. Calyx a conical, leathery ‘sheath bursting on one side, and falling off before the flowers expand. Petals ‘from twelve to twenty, lanceolate, the exterior larg re Filaments subulate, inserted into the receptacle below the germs. Anthers, two, growing on the inside of each es filament. Germs numerous, forming an imbricated cone, _ ‘semi-oyate, furrowed ¢ on the outside, one-celled, with from four to twelve ovula in two vertical : rows , attached to the inner ‘angle € of th the cell. Style and | stigma f from a short Pgh ragg« : , glandular, yellow. body. ) ik — ‘mat on sessile, distinct, ob oblo a Stas aang Annona. POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA, ; 657 ‘ * ed round the lengthened receptacle, of the size of the first joint of the little finger, scabrous, straw-coloured, brown when dry, one-celled, two-valved ; valves thick and firm. Seeds from one to twelve, attached as in the germ, various in shape, of the size of a pea. Jnteguments three ; the ex- - terior one thick, fleshy and flesh-coloured ; the second hard, irregularly furrowed, of a dark-brownish black ; and the inner one membranous. Perisperm, conform to the seed, while fresh succulent. Embryo small, sub-cylindric, lodged close to the umbilicus. Cotyledons oblong. Radicle ovate, pointing to the umbilicus (centripetal.) ma ANNONA. Schreb. gen. n. 945. Gen. Caar. Calyx three-leaved. Corol six-petalled. Germs numerous, one-celled, one-seeded ; attachment in- ferior. Fruit compound, many-seeded. Embryo amply furnished with a perisperm. 1. A. squamosa. Willd. 2. 1265. Leaves narrow, oblong, obtuse, smooth. Fruit ovate, obtuse, squamose, Exterior petals lanceolate and obtuse ; the inner scarcely any. Beng. Ata. Atamarum. Rheed. Mal. 3. t. 29. Eng. Custard-apple. Cultivated ; where indigenous uncertain, it flowers dur- ing the early part of the hot season; the fruit ripens in July, August and Sepiember, 2. A. reticulata. Willd. 2. 1265. Leaves oblong, lanceolate, somewhat acute, smooth. Fruit ovate, lanceolate and obtuse. _ Beng. Noona. -Anona marum. Rheed, Mal. 3. t. 30, and 31. _ Tad said to be indigenous amongst the 658 POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Uvaria. ‘mediately east of Bengal, and universally cultivated over India. 7 Lil, I strongly suspect Louriero’s A. asiatica is this very tree. UVARIA. Schreb. gen. n. 944. Gen. Cuar. Calyx three-leaved. Corol six-petalled. ‘Germs many, one-celled, seeds one or many ; attachment — interior. Berries many, pedicelled on a common recepta- cle, one or more seeded. Embryo centripetal, and fur- nished with ample perisperm, 1. U. ventricosa. R. Arboreous, with a straight trunk and diverging branches. Leaves ovate, lanceolate, entire, shining. Fascicles leaf- ‘opposed, many-flowered. Calyx minute. Petals equal, the inner three pitcher-shaped. Berries oval, from six to seven-seeded. This elegant tree is a native of the onsteen hilly and mountainous provinces of Bengal, from Tippera it. was introduced by Mr. Stephen Harris into the Botanic garden, where it blossoms in March and ripens its seed in July. _ Trunk, in trees of eight or ten years’ growth, thick as as a man’s thigh, perfectly erect, and straight, covered with smooth, ash-coloured bark. Branches numerous, _ diverging, with apices somewhat curved up. Height of _ the young trees’ twenty-five or thirty feet. _ Leaves alter- nate, bifarious, short-petioled, broad, ovate-lanceolate, entire, taper, obtuse-pointed, recurvate, or drooping, © of a very firm texture, and shining, from four to eight inches ~ long, and from one to three broad. Peduncles, or rather, fascicles solitary, nearly leaf-opposed, very short, general- ly bearing from ten to fifteen, long-pedicelled, somewhat drooping, pitcher-shaped, greenish white, fragrant flowers, which os Pua succession, Bractes ovate, solitary: at Uvaria. POLYANDRIA POLYGYNISA. 659 dle. Calyx of three small, triangular, brownish leaflets. Petals equal, ovate, cordate, acute, the exterior three re“ volute, the inner three converging, and forming a conic dome over the genitalia, with the only apices recurvate, vil-. lous on the outside. Germs ten or twelve, nearly linear, in- curvate, one-celled, containing two vertical rows of ovula vertically attached to the inner angle of the cell. Style short. Stigmas somewhat capitate. Berries from four to eight; short-pedicelled, ovate, smooth, of the size ofa pullet’s egg, yellow. Seeds six or seven, placed in a double order, and separated from each other by a considerable portion of pulp. Shape various, but always ‘more or less oval, or oblong, much flattened on both sides. Integuments singlé, brown’ and pretty smooth, sub-ligneous, and thick, particularly round the margins. Perisperm conform to the seed, of a pale colour and horny texture; ‘deeply inter- sected with numerous brown, hard fibres, which. project from the hard integuments of the seed. Embryo small, straight. Cotyledons ovate-oblong. Radicle oblong, im- ——— within the umbilicus and paemin’ to it. p2o WU. dipeelt. R. » Shrubby.» Leaves from lanceolate to oblong, ateaeiaiie smooth. Peduncles lateral, two-flowered. Calyx six-leay- ed. Corol three-petalled. | Berries! fusiform, one-seeded. « Tusbee, is’ the vernacular name in Silhet, where -the means is indigenous. It flowers in April and May; and the ‘seed ripens in September. Trunk short; soon dividing into many branches and bifarious: villous branchlets. Leaves short-petioled, bifarious, from lanceolate to oblong, entire, smooth, except while very young, taper-pointed, from three to»six inches long,and from one to two broad. »Pe+ duncles lateral, and generally below the leaves, two toge- ther, or bifid, villous, about'an inch long. | ‘Bractes lan: _ ceodlate, villous. _. Flowers of a middling size, drooping. a Manone ‘shrubs I could discover only ——————- Eeee2 660 _ -POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA, Uvaria, only female, but in size and colour the same. Male calyx in this species must be described to consist of three, ovate, equal, lanceolate leaflets. Petals six, nearly adhering to each other from the middle downwards, resembling a monopetalous corol, hairy, much longer than the calyx, red, Stamina numerous, covering the whole sub-globular receptacle. Filaments scarcely any. Anthers turbinate, with a polleniferous groove on each side. Germs none. Female calyx and corol asin the male. Stamina, none. — Germs numerous, covering the whole of the receptacle, hairy, one-celled ; and containing one ovula, attached to the bottom of the cell. Style short. Stigma recurved, large and obtuse. Berries numerous, long-pedicelled, of the size of a pea, smooth, one-celled; seed solitary. Peris- perm round, conform to the seed, deeply penetrated with brown fissures, with the small, straight embryo, lodged in its base, clese to the umbilicus. 3. U. bracteata. R. Scandent, twigs villous. Leaves from lanceolate to oblong, villous. Peduncles between the leaves two-flow- ered, amply bracted, Calyx three-parted. Petals six, oval and nearly equal. Berries oval, of the size of a pullet’s Jupa-bun Kula is the vernacular name in Silhet where it is indigenous; flowers in May, and the fruit ripens in September, and is then very inviting to the eye. | Trunk and branches climbing over trees to a very consid extent; the young shoots are round and very downy- Leaves bifarious, alternate, short-petioled, from lanceo- late to oblong, entire, downy, particularly while young, from four to eight inches long, and two to three broad. Peduncles lateral, between the leaves, very downy, bifid, two-flowered. Flowers small, of a pale yellowish white, drooping. Bractes large and downy, one at the division othe s common short pedencle: and one on each ee Uvaria. POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 661 Calyx three-parted. Segments sub-orbicular, downy. Pe- tals six, much larger than the calyx, nearly equal, oval, concave. Filaments numerous, short. Anthers, a groove on each side of the filaments. Germs many, in the disk, surrounded with the stamina, linear, downy, one-celled; ovula many, in two rows ; attached to the inside of the cell. Style scarcely any. Stigma bidentate. Berries few, pendulous, of the size of a small pullet’s egy, from oval to oblong, obtuse at both ends, smooth, when ripe of a rich yellow. Seeds a few, oval, compressed, smooth, rather longer than those of the common Tamarind, and of the same colour, and appearance. Perisperm and mre as in eishe genus, ie v. era Willd. 2. p. 1262. Leaves ovate-lanceolate, waved. Peduncle three-flower- ed, drooping. Petals equal, linear, acute, very long. | Cananga. Rumph. Amb. 2. 195. t. 65, A native of the Malay Islands, and east of the Bay ‘of Bengal. From Sumatra it was introduced into the Botanic garden at Calcutta in 1797, the largest of them, now 1809, has a trunk thirty-six inches in circumfer- ence, four feet above ground, and rather tall in pro- portion, it flowers and ripens its seed at various times of the year. Trunk straight throughout. - Bark smooth, ash-coloured. Branches from patent to diverging. Young shoots round and smooth. Leaves alternate, bifarious, short-petioled, drooping, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, — with the margins entire but waved, smooth on both sides, from four to eight inches elong, and from two to four broad. Stipules none. Flowers in small fascicles of gene- rally three, on very short peduncles from the buds of the shoots of the former year’s growth, large, drooping, of a pale yellow, odorous. Pedicels pretty long, recurvate, villous, Bractes a few, small, recurvate on the ‘short pe- duncles and base of the pedicels, ‘Calyx of three an- 662 POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Uvaria. gular, obtuse divisions united at the base, yellow. Fila- ments shorter than the germs, each headed. with a large, roundish, subulate, pointed gland. © Anthers a groove on each side below the heads. Germ many, sessile, linear, one-celled, with two vertical rows of ovula there-’ in attached-to the innerangle. Styles scarcely any. The stigmas, are so firmly united into one solid, hemispheric, glandular body that they cannot be separated. Berries about a dozen on pretty long pedicels, from a hemispheric umbel, singly oblong, about the size’ of a small olive, smooth, when ripe black. Seeds from six to twelve, se- parated by the soft greenish pulp of the berry, flattened, ovate, or nearly so, pitted. Perisperm and embryo as in the genus. See Gert. Sem. 2. 155. ¢. 114. 5. U. fornicata. R. Scandent. Leaves cuneate-lanceolate. Peduncles he- tween the leaves, one-flowered ; the exterior three petals large, and lanceolate, the inner three small, and coalesced » into a cone over the genitalia. Beng. Yatamala. viet A large’ scandent shrub, a native of Silhet, where it flowers in May and June. 6. U. bicolor. R. 4 ¢ Scandent. Leaves linear, oblong, wicidih iidtte, pain veined, a little hairy underneath. Peduncles one or two between and opposite to the leaves. Petals’ six, nearly equal; the exterior three, brown and hirsute, the inner three, smooth and red. Berries s spherical, vet villous, from four to eight-seeded. : o large, stout, scandent shrub, a native of Silhet; it flowers in mee. and: the fruit Hip daring the rains. t a, ‘UU; cordifolia. R. Uvaria. POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. ' 663 cles between the leaves, one-flowered : ; petals six, anges lar, very long and sericeous. A native of the moist vallies near Chittagong, where it grows to be a ramous shrub of about six feet in height, it blossoms in June, and the seed ripens in November. 8. U. macrophylla. R. Shrubby, spreading; leaves oblong, obtusely acuminate, base cordate. Peduncles (knobs) leaf-opposed, short, few- flowered, flowers rotate. Petals equal, obovate. Beng. Bagh-runga. . A large stout spreading shrub or y eitia tied with long, weak, sub-scandent branchlets, which are clothed with much short, ferraginous down; the leaves are remarkably large, often a foot long, and six inches broad, parallel- veined, with the upper surface somewhat bullate, under- neath villous. The flowers are of a dull reddish colour, and expand an inch and a half. | - 9. U. heteroclita. R. Shrubby, scandent. Leaves ovate, oblong, acuminate. Pedunceles axillary, one-flowered, male and female on the same or different pints Berries many, sessile, Beng. Tubee-kura. © - ‘A large scandent shed, a ‘native: of the Garrow hills and other mountainous districts in the vicinity of Silhet, where it blossoms about the beginning of the rains and the seed ripens in October and November. Young branch- lets smooth, glossy, green, with angles. Leaves alternate, petioled, oblong, and ovate-oblong, entire, except in young plants and slitublly: acutely serrulate-dentate, acuminate, smooth on both sides, from four to six inches long, and from one and a half to three broad. Petioles short, chan- nelled and coloured. Stipules none. Female flowers axil- lary, solitary, long-peduncled. Bractes some scales round the base of the peduncles, one or two tow: ards t 664 POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Uvaria. “dle. Calyx inferior, about eight or ten-leaved; leaflets . unequal, roundish, concave, imbricated, smooth, cadu- cous. Corol none. Stamina none. Germs numerous, in an imbricated, globular head, single, conical, containing two ovula that are attached to the inner side of the cell. Style — scarcely any. Stigma short, small, and, bifid, situated where the keel ends in the upper edge of the twin apex of the germ. Berries numerous, sessile, on a globular, “peduncled receptacle, distinct, turbinate,.of the size of a red currant, and of nearly the same colour, succulent, one- celled. Seeds two, round, reniform, curvate, one end some- what longer than the other, Integuments single, thick, and firm, of a brownish ash-colour. Perisperm conform to the seed, smelling spicy when cut. Embryo small, lodged in the small end of the perisperm. Cotyledons two small projections only. Radicle oval pointed, pointing to the end of the seed where itislodged. Male flowers axillary, &c. as in the female ; sometimes on a different tree. Calyx asin the female. Corol none. Stamina a small globular fleshy body in the centre formed by many imbricated, fleshy, sessile filaments, or bases for as many gaping, two- valved, one-celled anthers. 10. U. longifolia. Willd. 2. 1263. Leaves narrow-lanceolate, waved, smooth, shining. | Flowers fascicled, long-pedicelled ; petals equal, narrow, lanceolate, waved. Berries oval, one-seeded. | Devadari. Asiat. Res. 4. p. 288. Hind. and Beng. Devadaree, or Debdaree. «alt Its native place uncertain. In Bengal it blossoms i in February and the seed ripens during the rains; the tree is large and elegant, but of slow growth, yet the wood is soft and white, and deemed of little use. 7 LL U. villosa. R. alate ia ala tiiag sal aytheaves oval, entire, villous. Peduncles fow-flo were! 7 Uvaria. » POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 665 Tnner three eepeygls larger and orbicular, Berries oval, two- seeded. © gle A tree of considerable size, a native ie Bengal. Flow- ering time March and April, and the berries ripen in June and July. *They are very much like black cherries. 12. U. pilosa. R. Leaves oblong, entire, hairy, as are also the young shoots, petioles, and solitary one-flowered peduncles, Calyx hairy. Petals equal, smooth, and longer than the calyx. logins Dos A native of the Moluccas, | pes ‘13. U. grandiflora. R. - Shrubby. Leaves cuneate-oblong, villous underneath, peduncles one-flowered. Petals sub-equal, obovate, flat. Berries long-peduncled, many-seeded. A native of Sumatra, from thence introduced into the Botanic garden in 1804, and in June 1809 they blossomed for the first time. Stem in our young plants short, and as thick as a man’s leg. Branches many, sub-bifarious, nearly erect, with their villous, round, extremities spread- ing ; the height of the plants about six feet. Leaves alter-, nate, bifarious, short-petioled, cuneate oblong, narrow- ing most towards the base and there rounded, with entire, margins and the apex rather acute, downy underneath, simple and parallel-veined, six inches long, and three. broad. Peduncles leaf-opposed, solitary, drooping, one-_ flowered, villous, from one to two-jointed near the middle, and in the aril of the lower bracte a flower bud and its bracte. Flowers very large, flat, about three inches in. diameter, of a crimson colour, gradually changing to very dark redjinodorous. Calyx three-parted ; divisions ovate, veined, villous. Petals six, nearly equal, the three. exte- rior ones oval, the three inner ones obovate-oblong, all are, obtuse, spread out flat; their texture is soft thick, and. : Fett 666 POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Uvaria. slightly villous: Stamina numerous, forming with the pis- tils, a firm globe in the centre. Filaments cuneiform, in- curved, rigid, crested. Anthers a groove on each side of the filaments. Germs numerous, linear, one-celled; with rows of from ten to fif- teen seeds attached to the inner side of the cell. Style none. Stigmasaclammy gland with a notch on the inside. Berries few, long-pedicelled, from oblong to cylindric, smooth, yellow, from one to three inches long. Pulp sweet and edible. Seeds from six to twenty, or more, crest com- pressed, smooth, light brown. Perisperm and embryo as in the genus. See Gert. sem. 2. 155, t, 114. | 14. U. odorotissima. R. Shrubby, scandent. Leaves lanceolate, smooth. Ten- drils bearing solitary peduncled flowers. Petals equal, lanceolate, gibbous at the base. Berries one-seeded. . 15. U. uncata. Lour. Cochin Ch, 4. 26. A native of China. In the Botanic garden at Calcutta it blossoms throughout the year. It is powerfully fra- grant, the odour not unlike that of very ripe apples, when tee > tte ina a garret. 16. Uv. hited Willd. 2. 1262. ; se Leaves oblong, smooth, shining. Flowers fascicled. Calyx minute. Petals equal. Berries oval, about six-' seeded. Teling. Muoi. “TG A native of the Circar mountains. Flowering ti time the ) ~~ season. peat e | i 7.0. corasvides. Willd: 2. 1261. pa rans hs Leaves broad-lanceolate, downy underneath. »iPsdimoles Jateral, solitary, ee owernd.” ge spe ec mre? hee equal. Berries one-seeded. tet, aE Uvaria. POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 667 fh » Tehing. Doodooga. mama a4 A native of the Circar mountains ; it bicetiiie during the hot season; the seed ripens in Taays 18. U. suberosa. Willd, 2. 1251. R. Corom. pl. p. 31. Leaves oblong, waved, smooth on both sides. Pedun- cles solitary, one-flowered. Exterior three petals’ and ca- lyx small. Berries one-seeded. 2 Teling. Chilka doodooga. Beng. Bura-chalee. . A native of various parts of a in Sowet — 9 72 SaARY the whole year round. : 19. U. tomentosa. Willd. 2. 1262. R. Corom. pl. 1. p. 31. N. 35. Leaves oblong, downy on both sides. Peduncles soli- tary, one-flowered ; exterior petals minute as the calyx, and narrow-lanceolate.’ Berries oval, about four-seeded.. A native of the Cirear mountains, where it blossoms during the hot season. at #8 oe: 5 pepe tet 20. ilies tripetala, R, . _ Leaves broad-l: te, efron. Flowers three- peta led ; petals lanceolate, fleshy. LP Baesercteepee id 10 A native of, the, Molnocy Islands, In the B Bota ic’ “a. U sitinale R. “% a _ Leaves narrow-oblong ; base rounded, diatins adubetaer axillary, many-flowered, All the six petals linear and» equal.. A native of the Isle of France, where it was found. , by Col. Hardwicke in flower in June and ager BEDE Bk i th GAO HITS DG ces ; osu 44 d si Mey das ree me sii ‘Aigpaes a7 4 Leaves broad-lanceolae iaasienli 1ed “ re FPrrr2 “668 POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Unona. axillary, many-flowered. Calyx minute. Petals unequal, the inner three'cuneiform. Berries sub-sessile, one-seeded. A native of the Moluccas.) é UNONA. Schreb. gen. n. 947. GEN: CHAR. Calyx three-leaved. . Corol three, four, or six-petalled. Germs many, one-celled, few-seeded ; attachment interior. Berries. many, necklace-shaped. oe erect, and amply furnished with a perisperm. LU. longiftora. ‘R. Leaves linear-oblong. Flowers from two to threexietlile led, _of great length and pendulous. Joints of the, bees few and linear oblong. -Kudlla-kura_the vernacular name in Silhet, where it is indigenous ; grows to the size of a large shrub or small bushy tree, flowers in April and May, and the seed ripens about the close of the rains. Young shoots quite smooth, round, and flexuous. Leaves alternate, bifarious, short- petioled, linear-oblong, entire, smooth on both sides, and particularly glaucous underneath, from six to twelve in- ches long, and from two to four broad. “Peduncles ax- illary, Solitary, from three to ten inches long, filiform, smooth, one-flowered. Flowers uncommonly long, pen-— dulous';' yellow on the outside, bright” orange on the inside. Calyx thtee-léaved ; leaflets ‘reuifurm, cordate, | acuminate, very small and hairy. Petals two, rarely three, — ensiform, thick and fleshy, from six to eight inches long, — with the sides smooth, yellow on the inside, orange with-— out: Stamina numerous, glandular-headed, forming a he- mispheric ball round the germs. Germs from ten to twenty, — sessile, clayaté, very hairy, one-celled; ovula a few, im-) bricated upwards, and vertically attached to the inner margin of the styles, ‘short. Stigmas: large, recurved. — Berries several, , ie i ike “i en Coren, ts £2 Unona. POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 669 joints linear-oblong or sub-cylindric, smooth, Seeds one in each joint and of the same form, smooth. _Integument polished, of the consistence of parchment. Embryo in the base of the perisperm, two-valved, from its inside innu- _ merable fibres projéct exactly as in Uvaria. See Gert. sem. 2. 155. ¢. 114. 2. U. discolor. Vahl. s. 2. p. 63. t. 36. Willd. 2. 127. Arboreous. Leaves bifarious, ovate-lanceolate, acute, smooth. Peduncles one-flowered. Berries from two to four, jointed ; joints globular. _ Uvaria monilifera. Gert. sem. 2. 156. t. 114. ». Teling. Chilika doodooga. — _A pretty large tree, a native of the mountainous cart of the Northern Circars and the country near Chittagong. Trunk straight, with a thin, conical, tapering head ; bark scabrous. Branchlets bifarious, spreading. Leaves alter- nate, short-petioled, bifarious, from oblong to lanceolate, waved, smooth, pointed, from three to six inches long and abont two broad. \ Peduncles leaf-opposed, or between the leaves, rather more than an inch long bracted below the middle, each supporting a single large, yellowish, serice- ous, drooping flower. Calyx, three-leaved ; leaflets oblong, conical, acute, much shorter than the eorol, caducous. Petals six, lanceolate, sericeous, the three inner ones con- siderably smaller than the others. Stamina num iy wedge-shaped, ‘crowned with a large truncate brownish gland. Anthers a line on each side from the gland to the base. Germs about twenty, linear, densely clothed with ferruginous down. Style scarcely any. Stigma recurved, glandular, naked. Berries several, short-pedicelled, com- posed of from two to four roundish-oval, pretty smooth | joints, attached to a firm globular receptacle. Seed soli- tary, round-oval. Integument single, brown, thin, hard, — and ae pictoaaie conform to the eee sg died 670 *POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. Clematis. The wood is employed for various economical purposes, but chiefly for rafters. Note. An imperfect description and drawing, No: 956, have been sent to the Honourable the Court of Directors, at which time the flowers had not been seen. ~ 3. U. dumosa. R. . - Scandent. Leaves linear, oblong, base cordate, parallel- veined, downy undemeath. Petals six, oblong and very large. Berries composed of two or three oval joints. Tooba chura, the vernacular name in Silhet, where it grows to be a very bushy climber. Flowers very large and pendulous, they appear during the hot seasony and the ' —* in October. reyes AT RAGENE. Sokeok: gen. n. 949. > Gan. Cuar. Calyx interior, four-leaved. Petals ations ‘twelve, seeds tailed. 6...» A. Zeylanica. Willd: 2. 1287. R Corom. 155. ha 2 Tendrils tyo-leamedi int Be sepeienoet sao _ Beng... Chagul-batee.... : i _ Found in. hedges. in aiosts parts of: Indiats The root is tuberous, the stems and branches: perennial, climbing. Elowexing time the rains; the seed ripens in n the cool sea~ nage Aiba tag he) piste A Rta Ded wore eg bast Se ee Wine, baitokCLEMATIS. Sthrebigen. im 26Dancis0 Loaaeie Grn. Crap. Calyx none. Corol cater rarely re tallied. Seeds with a — tail. 3 = - ; cy trek ss Z. Costes 3 - 3 gens ne — R os a soit _ Shrubby, climbing. , srt aeons an sealed lanceolate, entire, Peduncles axillary and terminal, tricho~ | foment, many-flowered. Painlg ngenslentnigtte ieee Ranunculus. POLYANDRIA POLYGYNIA. 671 . A native of the interior of Bengal, flowers about the close of the rains ; in the environs of the ancient city of Gour, it forms with Porana panicula extensive, lovely festoons. THALICTRUM. Screb. gen. n. 951. Gen. CHAR. Calyx none. Corol of four or five petals ; styles, persistent, Seeds without a tail. , 1, T..bracteatum. R. Perennial, scandent. Leaves opposite and three-fold, bi- and tri-ternate; leaflets long, cordate, ovate, entire; pe- duncles axillary, solitary, one-flowered, with two opposite cordate bractes above the base. ’ I received this very elegant, small, scandent, plant from Dr. Carey, who found it indigenous in the north- ern parts of Bengal. Flowering time the end of the cold season. Root perennial. Stems herbaceous, scandent, ' round, smooth, scarcely so thick as a pack thread and from two to four feet long. Leaves opposite or three-fold. between bi- and tri-ternate ; leaflets of an oblique, ovate, oblong, cordate shape, entire and smooth on both sides, size various, the largest seldom more than an inch long. Peduncles axillary, solitary, erect, one-flowered, with two opposite cordate bractes above the base. Petals four or six lanceolate, expanding, very pale blue. Stamens, one- : fourth or one-fifth the length of the petals, Germs from — fifteen to twenty. Styles scarcely any. Seeds with a sharp stiff back. RANUNCULUS. Schreb. gen. n. 953. GEN. CHAR. Calyx five-leaved. Petals five, with a homey beating ee within the claw. Seeds naked. » Anacardium eS 313 — asthmatica ... 33 ER gs 312 echinata ... . 4 Andersonia cucullata .... 212 geminata 45 Rohituka 213 —— gigantea .. Fed Anethum panmori “94 herbacea. «-- 50 ——sowa «+. 96 —laurifolia + 49 Angolam ... .. 503 _e micranthe . 50 Anisifolius ... ....... 411 -— — microphylla... 35 Annona reticulata PORE montana ... ++ 45 squamosa 657 odoratissima..- 46 Anoma Moringa .. 368 — pallida . 4 Anona marum 657 —— parasitica «- 42 Anthericum tuberosum ... 149 ae pendula vee 36 —— uniflorum: --, 149 —— pseudosarsa = 39 Auitineda BSc AD — pulchella . 54 Api ie. OF —— racemosa 82 _ Apocynum reticulatum ... 9 —— rosea 5 ae _ INDEX. 675 Page | a Page ' Asclepias suberosa .... ... 38 | Basella cordifolia .... 105 ——sussuela.... 31 —- lucida vos 5, EOS —— tenacissima ... 51] rubra: 10 we od tenuissima ... 41 | Bassia butyracea ... ... 527 ——tinetoria... ... 43 latifolia wc cis 9 626 tingens = azo 68 longifolia... -... 523 ——tunicata ...... 35 | Bauhinia acuminata ... 324 volubolis ... 36 anguina ... ... 328 AN OREM EI... IIB candida 1p Meee RE 218 cordifolia... ... 332 Asparagus acerosus . 150 | = ——corymbosa ... | adscendens 153 ——ferruginea eurillus... ... 152 {| §—— integrifolia . —— officinalis .... 150 | =—— malabarica — —— 108 Konigii... ... 375 Basella alba ..: ... ... 104 | Bergia ammanioides _... 457 Ggg2 * 676 INDEX Page | Page Bergia verticillata .... 456 Caesalpinia oleosperma ... 357 Berria Amomnilla ... . 639 paniculata... 564 Bilacus 579 —— pulcherrima ... 355 Bilimbi .. 451 resupinata... 362 Bilva ... 579 Sappan... ... 357 © Bintagor maritima . 607 —— sepiaria ... 360 Bixa Orellana 581 —— Simora.... .°. 359 Blatti wine 5g3- BOG Sumatrana... 366 Blinbingun teres... ... 451 — tortuosa ... 365 Boorans ... .. 409 | Calophyllum angustifolium 698 Bosea trinervia® ... 87 Boswellia glabra . 384 thurifera 383 Bromelia ananas a, a6 Buchanania angustifolia 386 —— lancifolia ... 386 latifolia ... 385 Budamia ... ae See Burmannia disticha 117 —— spica gemina 117 —— triflora ‘7 Butomus lanceolatus . 815 Butonica wig 636 Butonica sylvestris sili 634 —< terrestris rubra 636 Cactus chinensis 476 —— indicus ... 475 Caesalpinia Bonduccella... 357 —— bonduc 362 —chinensis ... 361 — cucullata ... 358 elata see +. 356 ; — Bintagor toa Inophyllum 606 ——lanceolarium 608 —— Suriga ... 608 tetrapetalum 608 Calycanthus precox ... 672 Calyptranthes Caryophy- lifolia ... Pa —— Jambolana 484 Cambretum acuminatum 228 chinensis... 230 —— costatum.... 227 decandrum ... 232 extensum..- 229 i Ome eS we. 231 —— macrophyllum 231 euaeak pilosum 5 ~ BBE —— purpureum ... 233 —— rotundifolium 226 . squamosum oes: 231 Camunium Sinense «. 374 _ Cananga Sere... 661 — a 363 | | Canarium balsam ‘forum 384 —— inermis . eee 367 © sce scat ... 383 pee marginata... ++» — occidentalis ... INDEX. 677 Page Page Canarium odoriferum leve 384 | Cassia senna ... « S44 Canschena-pou Bae): | 346 Capittha ogee hl sophora . 347 Capparis acuminata ». 566 tora .. 340 Carallia lanceefolia 481 | Cassuvium a 312 lucida .. 481 | Cassuvium sylvestre ... 85 Cardiospermum _halicaca- Cassyta filiformis... . 314 bum . 292 | Catappa 430 Caretti 357 | Catevala... ec ROE _ Careya arborea . 638 | Catta-carambu ... ... . 401 herbaceus 638 | Cayoo-gaddees* .. -+- 308 ‘ spheerica . 636 | Celtis orientalis ... — 65 Carimgala ... 121 | —— tetrandra sve OS Carus... --:... 487 —— nercifolia. - ... 467 —— glandulifera. ... 496 —— parviflora’... 472 ——Inophylla .). 496 —— peltata... ... 474 " —— Jambolana 484 sessilifolia .... 471 —— Jambos.:: ... - 494 | — —— thymifolia ... 473 INDEX 681 Page Page Euphorbia trigona ........ 468. | ‘Garcinia Cowa © ... 622 —— uniflora 473 |. kydia .. 623 Euphoria aeons. 269 —— lancefolia 623 es alsinoides ... 105 —— Mangostana ... 618 uy angustifolius' ... 107 —— paniculata 626 hirsutus 106. —— pedunculata ... 625 pilosus ... 106 ——— purpurea 624 Exacum hyssopifolium... 71 —— pictoria = 627 Zeylanica 621 Fabricia bracteata . 476 Garugapinnata .. «... 400 Faroom-akkar = 5 oe Gastonia palmata... 407 Feronia elephantum All sasuroides' .... 408 Ferrula Asiafoelita ... » 90 Gentiana cherayta?’*"...- 72 Flagellaria indica 23... 154 verticillata ... 71 Flos convolutus «0... 20 | Getonia floribunda 428 —— globosus 63 nutans - . 428 —— Manilhanus 93 | Gladiolus odoratus Hades 164 — Siamicus... 47 | Gleditsia horrida ... ... 560 pergularia .. 18 | Globuli majores ... 357 - Feetida mauritiana .. 498 | Gloriosa superba... ... 143 Folium linga 328 | Gomphrena globosa ... = 63 lingue . 826 | Gordonia decandra... ... 573 wonliuagaria indica 520 integrifolia :.. 572 TP ayana.... .. 520 oblata 2 672 + | Granatum litoreum ... 240 Gwrtnera obtusifolia ... 369 | Greevia montana .... ... 503 — racemosa 368 | ——salvifoia :... 503 Gajanus 00 ws... 416 | Grewia asiatica —..... 586 _ Gallinaria acutifolia .... 347 | Grislea tomentosa _ 233. Gandola alba ... . 104 | Guarea binertarifera ... 240 rubra 104; | paniculata ... 242 Ganja sativa . . 582'| Guilandina bonduccella ... 357 Ganitrus. ... 592 moringa ... 368 Cubitres ipliliien, .. .. 592 —— paniculata ... 364 Garcinia. Gamboa 621 —_ a _—— cornea .. 629 | Hardwickia binata ... “... 423 Hhhh~ 682 INDEX. Page Page Hardwickia pinnata :... 425°} Jasminum zeylanicum ...° 23 Hebenaster 529 | Jonesia asoca 218 Hemasagara. .... ..- Hemerocallis cordata ... 168 fulva Herpetica bust Heynea quinquijuga ... - trijuga ST >. Hirea indica... s.. i nutans ... rotundifolia Holigarna longifolia racemosa |... Hopea eglandulosa .... ... 611 - §3 odorata}. <4.) )..4. ——— scaphula ..;.., ... 611 Humeaelata wo Mydrovotyle asiatica. rotundifolia Hydrola zeylanica .. Hyperanthera moringa aii —_—_—— Tly.. Wracbet Sas Inga penne stahifact< B66 Inocarpus | oaelies . 416 Intsia Sey 565 Involucrum rae se 146 Jauboloen at peisoy eae Jambolifera peduncle » 239 , 485 Fates aquea ssn se 492 _—— Ceramica 486 —— domestica... ... _ Lappago Amboinica «.. pinnata. wwe scandens ... 220 +—. triandra . 220 Juglans Catappa 430 Jussieua exaltata ... -.. 401 repens ... 401 Kada handel is) se oe Kadali 406 Kadenaku 167 Kaka 2. nits 528. Kaku-mullu 1 CON Kalli-pal-valli ... «-. 9 Kandel 460 Kanneli-itti-kanni 187 Kapa-mava on. sees Kapa-tsjakka Katou-kalesjam Katou-karua oe Kemetti-valli. ... se oe Aatd UGE — eee POSES a Flos eed 505 grandiflora 503 ——aeceeee ters OD agin ass 505 Hapiecn Cochin Chinensis 286 463 ans 311 Peis ted Egy zon. sey or ikin Laurus bilocularis ... .«.- ‘——— camphorifera . ee “tee coma yee 683 INDEX. Page | Page Laurus culitlaban... 299 | Liriodendron grandiflora “653 —— duleis ve BOB Lilifera ..: 654 - —— glaucescens 307 | Lontarus sylvestris ©... 178 »—— lanceolaria .... ... 309 | Loranthus'ampullaceus ... 189 —— malabathrica ... 297 —— bicolor 185 + multiflora... ... 298 ~ —— clavatus... 189 4 nitida 300 ——ferruginosus 188 —— obtusifolia . .» 802 —~—globosus 187 —— porrecta ... 308 involucratus 188 —— recurvata 301 | oe —— ie snl 190 sylvestris i BOT | ae —— seurrula, - 186 villosa ... . 310 ilits foetida '. .. 508 Lawsonia inermis 258 | —— spinosa aes: 507 Lechea verticillata ... 457 | Lythrum fructicosa -. 233 Leersia aristata eee 207 ari ciliata . 207 | Mabua 579 Licuala arbor 181 | Madab lota .. 368 + peltata ... ... 179 | Madorus .... % 30 —— spinosa ... 181 | Magnolia fuseata ... ... 655 Lignum corneum ... ... 629 obovata 655. | sappan ...... 857 pumila ... ... 655 Ligularia aa un 465 | Mail-anscht ~~ ss 258 Ligusticum Ajowan .,. 91 | Malacca schambu ... ... 495 > =difusum ... 92 | Malacka-pela 480 Sr? «« 379 ‘Mangifera ‘pianidle a 451 381 | Mangium calendarium ...\459 382 | Mangostana ... ... .... 619 37 881 a Cambogia — 621 378 Garcinia... 619 .. 380 Masibbore’ So ee 110 | Marlea begonifolia ... ... 261 LO | Marmelos... 24 ys 67D Hbbbh2 INDEX. Page | Page Marsana buzifolia 374 | Michelia Champaca .. ».. 650 Mayuri ... - 95 | Mimo Entada 554 Melastoma cernua 404 Mimosa adenanthera ee cordifolia . 406 amara 548 crinita ... 402 arabica a s : curva |... 405 — biglobosa 551 _ +—— decemfida ... 405 cesia 565 —— dodecandra _ 405 Catechu 562 —— ferruginea .., 402 — ah 563 —— fureata 405 —— catechuoides.... 562 — geniculata ... 403 —— cinerea .- 561 ——impuber ... 404 ——— concina 565 —— malabathrica 406 concordiana ..... 556 —— pulchella ..,. 403 — dulcis 556 vagans ... 404 | - —— dumosa, . 559 Melia azadiracta .» 394 ——— eburnea 558 ee —— teed B95 . elata : 546 +— azedarak .... 9... 395 -—_— Farnesiana 557 — foliis duplicato-pin- fera ... . 560 naites: de —..— 305 — ferruginea _ 561 —— robusta 397 | .. —— fructicosa .. 549 —— sempervirens... 395 —— hyterophylla. .. 545 superba 0804 | 4a-— Inteia .: pvcenentinelll” -—--— tomentosa ;: .«s « a B94 — Kalkora 547 Melicope tetrandra .... 257 —— Keeringa . . 543 Melodinus monogynus .... 56 _—— latronum......__ 559 Memecylon amplexicaulis .260 | ~—. leucophlea _.... 558 Mendonj. -ssaesse0t en DAB 1 Gr — lucidaiisnenis 544 Mespilus bengalensis ... 510 —— microphylla... 549 —— japonica . 510 —— monodelpha... _ 544 Mesua ferrea ... ... 605 —— mutabilis ... ... 564 Meteorus coccineus..... 635 —natans ....+- 553 Metrosideros comosa ... 478 —— obovata’....- |». 561 CPS ee neatig.: 1. gO — octandra +. 564 —— suberosa.... 478 — odoratissima ... 546 z Rerereih 3 al ese 4J7 __ pedunculata oe INDEX. 685 Page Page Mimosa pennata § .:.» 565 Myrtus cuminum ... ... 486 ——— procera .. 548 tomentosa 498 —— pudiea sen 1 564 pulchella’...»... 5648 | Nagacesura .. 605 - —— rnbicaulis ©... 564 | Naga-ma-valle ... 328 —— scandens ..: 554 | Nagkesura ©... .«. 605 —— Sirissa .... ... 544 | Nandi-ervatum major and ——— Smithiana .... ... 550 MIRON a eB stipulacea 549 | Nandina domestica 184 _—— Suma 563 | Nansjera-patsja ©... 37 —— Sundra .. 562 | Narua zeylanica s+»... 73 tomentosa » 558 | Naru-nindi ows a... 39 torta ... ... 566 | Nati-schambu ... 483 trapezifolia. ». 1.546 | Nectandra decandra © ... 425 —— triquetra «552 | Nelam pala 9... ... 7 —— Xylocarpa .. 543 | Nela-pana-kelangu ... 144 Betiansaps elengi. - 236 | Nela-isjera + 463 a hexandra ..... 238 | Nelumbium speciosum ... 647 -Kanki. .... 238 | Nephelium Cappacum 272 Moacurra gelonioides :... 69 | Neptunia oleracea... ... 553 Molineza canescens. ...: 243 | Nerium caudatum 9 levis... 244 chinensis:........ 9 Molina racemosa . 369 —— coccineenm .. 2 7 COnORAESN 23 10 4 idl ee ae — «8 Myrabolanus Citrina... . 435 | Nigella indica . ...... 646 Myrtus bracteata ee ADL | Nipepull ts sssciesevics css 2 0B ——_ canescens .... 498 | Nir-valli-pullu « 204 -/—— communis... ... 497 | Nitti-todda-vaddi 553 _—— Coromandeliana 491 27 Njota-njoden-valli nee Pe 686 INDEX Page Page Nurvula ... see 571 | Pai-paroe ... 586 Nymphaea cyanea 577 | Panambu-valli. . 154 —— esculenta 578 | Panax conchifolium ... 77 Lotus 577 | —— digitatum 75 —— rubra 576 | |_—— fragrans... 76 stellata 579 | —— fructicosum , ewes —— versicolor oh 77 palmatum — 74 — Pancratium amboinense ... 136 Obait ... weeds wri GIB biflorum ... . 125 Ochna squarrosa . 643 longiflorum ... 124 Odina wodier 293 triflorum... _ 126 Oldenlandia digyna . .. 89 zeylanicum.... 124 | pentandra.... 89 | Panitsjika marum 533° Opilia amentacea... 87 | Papaja sylvestris ... 108 Orchis amboinica major 144 | Papaver somniferum ..... 571. Ornitrophe aporetica..... - 264 | Papyrus spuria . 65 Cobbe ... 268 | Parparam ...) «9. 36 —— glabra... 267 | Parua-kelenga .. 210 —— integrifolia :... 268 | Pee-candel ... (is 4... 459 repanda..... 269 | Peini-marum ... .. 603 —— serrata... ... 266 | Pelouw ... | 638 villosa 265 | Pemphis angustifolia .» 465° — coarctata -- 206 epee ‘ifo sativa... >... - -200 —— Arguna. Ohbeckin:chimeitibes:2 w+ 224 —— bialata . -_— tetrandra 224 of. ——-— coriacea..\ & -zeylanica... 223 | }\¢ —— crenulata»..: Ossifraga lactea .... 470 iw ——glabrass - .. Ottel-ambel «i500... ... 216 | —— paniculata —— pusilla - 457 Sapien 44 “—— sensitiva .., 0... 457 | Pergularia §ladea coos 18 7 — Kies —— —aiegioes. 19 Pile oe. 285-3 OY a Minor... oe 46 Paence .. ...ae-0 32 602 | <> .——odoratissma — 46 Pagapate. ss... 506 | Perim-kakuovalli,.... >... 554 a 7 oe ais Perin-kara em = 596 Paks yeti perfoliatoma .< . 288 Perin-njara -» 484 | | —— pilosum ... 286 Perin-panel een - Bao ——rivulare ... 290 pppioce emetica . no OO Ee tenellum ... . 289 gale Secateuili’ ie 40 tomentosum... 287 —— indica” OO | Panastia: cance as) :462 tunicata ... 35 | Ponna-marum ieee 2 oe Persicaria maderaspatana 287 | Ponnam tagera... ... 347 Petaloma alternifolia... 372 Pontederia dilatata ss — mollugo .... 102 hastata’ ... 121 pentagynum 103 Pharus ciliatus —...... 208 a) Phellandrum stoloniferum 93 . vee QE Phytolacca. acinosa + -/458 | Portulaca meridiana .:. 463 Papa se wow de oleracea’... _ 463 Pierardia sapida. ...... 254 —— quadrifida ... 464 Pigmentaria ... s.. | 5B1 tuberosa ... 464 Piripus 6 ue aay 5/645 | Prosopis aculeata ... «.. 371 Pisonia aculeata .... ... 217 spicigera ... 371 Planta anatis ... ... ... 456 | Prenat oo a 501 Plumeria acuminata ... 20» =~ Prunus armeniaca ... 501 eyelyris bracteata... ... 317 | cerasus.. «0s 5Ol ~Poinciana — Wii SITs sylvatica +) SOL - ? zima ... Eaetium pomiferum ... 480 adil Bie ena ppriteram .. 480 Bide infira ae Polyanthes sobelsic y ag barbatum ... 289 | Puticaraja... ... 2... 357 —— chinense... 289 | Pyrus chinensis... 1.511 > —— elegans ... 291 | +—cydonia .. ... 511 —— fagopyrum ... 292 | ——Jindica ... .. 9 SIL —— flaccidum... 292 | ——malus .. ... ... SIT —— glabrum ... 287 | -—— tomentosa pee UGS _——Ilanatum .... 285 | Quinarialansium ... .,. 382 —— nutans. 285 | Quisqualis ..0 4. 0 497 688 Quisqualis indica —— villosa Radix toxicaria Ranunculus indicus Ravanelia madagascarien- Rhizophora caseolaris ... gymnorhiza —— mangle parviflora Rhododendron puniceum Rhus Bncki-amela —— Cobbe —— parviflorum ... ‘succedaneum Robergia hirsuta Rosa centifolia —— chinensis —— diffusa ... ... —— gladulifera ... inermis ... involucrata —-. MR are —— pubescens. .. —— recurva . +— semperfiorens a3 — triphylla... Ros solis samosa ... zeylanica Rbaburgie gloriosoides Roydsia suaveolens. Rubus albescens INDEX Page Page . 427 | Rubus hirtus ... ..° 518 426 moluceanus 518 — _latifolius 518 . 134 —— paniculatus — 518 671 ——— racemosa 519 rosefolius ... 518 114 roszflerus 519 506 | Rumex acutus ~..: ... 208 460 vesicarius 209 . 459 | Ruta graveolens B74 461 | aera 2g 409 Salsola indica es 99 nudiflora ~ .... 60 268 Sambucus ebulus .... ... 100 100 | Sampacca .... «.- 656 98 | Samstravadi ... ... ... 682 .- 455 © Sandoricum Sais 513 Sandoricum indicum... 392 513 Sanseviera zeylanica’... 161 515 | Sapindus detergens —..._ 280 514 edulis ... ... 269 516 emarginatus -.. 279 513 —— fruticosus 263" . 515 —— laurifolius ... 278 514 longifolius’.... 262 514 a a ee i 2BZ 514 —— serratus...» 284 2 BE —— squamosus —-.- 282 113 tetraphyllus 243 113 | Saponaria perfoliata .-- 445 234 | Sapotte-nigra ... += 635 . 643 | Saururus natans %- + 210 519 | Schadida calli... -- 468 . 517 | Schleichera pentaphylla 275 519 | © —— trijnga 277 516 | Schmidelia racemosa... 267 INDEX. Page | 1 aiianong mudela muccu 287 Senna Sumatrana .. 347 Scilla coromendeliana —— indica Seutellaria Ate ave a Scutellaria tertia ~ Seytalia .Chinensis Danura —— Lichi Longan parviflora (——- Rambontan* «=<: oppositifolia — ... . 147 | tenella tie vee BOA 147 Tora Bute vex BHO 77 toroides Jas, < 5a 76 | Seselibengalensis .. 94 269 | Sesuvium portulacastrum 509 274 | Shorea camphorifera ... 616 . 269 longisperma .. 618 270 robdsia =... Oe -~—+ Talura pt Silene indica ... ... ... 446 Sirioides ... . y. 184 Sonneratia apetala ... 506 punctata ... 382 Sophora tomentosa... 316 : cuneifolia 86 | Spina spinarum ... ... 507 em absus 340 | Spiraea corymbosa. ... 512 alata .. 349 | Spondias acummata —_.... 453 _—— arborescens 345 amara ss... 451 aurata ... 342 —— axillaris...) ... 453 ee auriculata 349 cytheria» .. 452 oe. eularis 342 | —— dulcis. 4ict -..-482 + dimidiata” "> -~362_ = longifolia ph ae ——exigua ... 339 Kicwvidiaeds : 635 = glauca... ... ... 351 | Stroemeria tetrandra i 7 —— occidentalis .... ... 343 | Styrax benjoin eae ase 416 —— officinalis ... 346 serrulata... .... . 415 Se prostrata. ou... 352 | Swietenia Chickrassa ... 399 _ —— purpurea 4° .., 342 —— chloroxylon - 400 i SMBitiva... 0° ..5 B53 febrifuga —... 398 a phere nano. 347 | Sjama... .... .... ico ——— speciosa... . 347 | Symphorema involuerata 962 Lit 3 * 690 INDEX. Page Page Symplocos ferruginea ... 542 = Tithymalus zeylanicts. 467 “dee racemosa .... 539 | Todda-vaddi .... ... 2x 457 spicata .. ... 941 | Tradescantia axillaris... 118 imbricata ... 120 Tabernemontana alternifolia 24 —— paniculata 119 tuberosa ... 119 corymbosa 25 | Tragularia horrida ... 217 ——rispa ... 24 | Trichilia spinosa .... ... 378 —— dichotoma 21 | Triumfetta Bartramia - 463 “io . —— parviflora 25 trilocularis .... 462 | —1— persicaria- Tsetti-mandarum .... 355 folia .... 27 | Tsjum-panjam- ... ... 357 . -recurva 26 | T'sjeria samstravadi ... 635 Tacca aspera ... -.- +. 169 | Dsjerou-katou narigam... 382 Ievis.2;\s evs vin: AGR | eperevallel :.i10.: +. 73 be Uittorea. sss s-:---ve 192 | Dajovannnqéreli :.24::\ voices 2 —— pinnatifida ss» 172 | Tsjovanna-pola-tali .... 137 Talinum cuneifolium ... 465 | Tulipa Javanica ... ..,. 139 BARGE. ke Re Oe : ’ Tamara ... su... 647 | Ubium polyoides. .... 234 Tamarix articulata ... 100 | Ulmus ee atte —— Uhinensis —_... 100 ~ Taneifolinsnsigntps 06 coronaria 23 % » ——dioeca ... ... 101 | —— virgats<:: -— nites 4 2 100 Unjala — a Taruni eke 7. 167 | Unona uel (aveifens 0090 ‘Terminalis alba 156 dumosa ... «. 670 — 155 longiflora ... .... 668 | ——srubra ».. ... 156 | Urania speciosa ........ 114 ‘erntroemin bien 522 | Usubus triphylla... ... 267 serrata... 521 | Uvaria axillaris .... .... 667 Sieisarams \raaeaclc 671 _ Tetracea Euryandra... 646 —— bracteata... .. 660 | ——sarmentosa ... 645 — cerasoides:.., +... 666 ———trigyna ... 2... 645 cordifolia ..,. 662 Tirucall 52. 490 | ——— dine... ida 659 hicdlor..( >is 35-0 INDEX, 691 Page Page Wraria grandiflora. . 665 | Velutta mandaru... B24 .—heteroclita .... 663 | Velutta modela muccu 290 <— longifolia . 664 | Vinka parviflora 1 woe lutea 666 pulsilla 1 we macrophylla . 663 rosea. 1 eS monilifera 669 | Visinu clandi - . 106 , iS nitida . 667 . odorata ... 661 | *Wadape sn 63 1 odoratissima . 666 Walsura piscidia . 387 —— pilosa f° Gap robuste':.: -..u> 3 suberosa ««¢#-0667 7 ee te. ... 389 tomentosa 667 | Watta kakacodi ... 86 — tripetala .. 667 | Wellia tagera . 345 ————umeataw i ... 666 = Willughbeia edulis 57 S— ventricosa ... ... 658 | — . —— villosa 664 Se betherdinenns dulcis... 630 ‘ | —— ovalifolius 632 Faemba ... ~-+ 169 | pictorius 633 Vahlia oldenlandioides 89 | Xanthophyllum flavescens 222 —— viscosa . .. 89 , Ximenia egyptica .. .. 253 - Vateria indica 602 | americana 252 lancezfolia... 601 _ Xylocarpus — 240 en caitu.. 120 | age | Zallia decandra .. 444 END OF VOLUME SECOND. s