ANNALS

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA.

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ANNALS

OF THE

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA.

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Vol. ІХ.

PARI d.

A SECOND CENTURY OF NEW AND RARE INDIAN PLANTS `

By SU (жа. ЖАЛҚЫ ЖАЛА لات‎ FR Si late Director of the Botanical Survey of India, di F.DUTHIE, БАС F.L.5.,

Director, Botanical Department, Northern India,

and D. PRAIN, Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta.

ж» TP

PART II.

THE ORCHIDS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN HIMALAYA

By de P. БАН ВА, Е. late Director, Botanical Department, Northern India.

CALCUTTA: Printed at the Bengal Secretariat Press.

1906.

TO THE HONOURABLE

Oir Andrew Henderson Leith airaser, M.A; LUD, К.С.8.1,, LIEUTENANT-GOVERNOR OF BENGAL, THE PRESENT CONTRIBUTION TO A KNOWLEDGE OF THE VEGETATION OF INDIA, THE PUBLICATION OF WHICH HAS BEEN RENDERED POSSIBLE OWING TO THE LIBERALITY OF HIS GOVERNMENT,

IS VERY RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED

Royat Boranic GARDEN, CALCUTTA, October 1904.

ANNALS

OF THE

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA.

----”-.- -

Vol. IX.

ANNALS

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA

~~ _

Vol. IX.

PART I. A SECOND CENTURY OF NEW AND RARE INDIAN PLANTS

Sir С. KING, KELTER; GED. می‎ 0 late Director, Botanical Survey of India; | І. Е. DUTHIE, B.A., F.LS., Director, Botanical Department, Northern India, and D. PRAIN, Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta.

CALCOCUTTA : Printed at the Bengal Secretariat Press.

1901. PRICE—in Indian money, Rs, 22: in English money, £ 1-13-0,

Published at the BENGAL SECRETARIAT Book DEPOT, Writers’ Buildings, Calcutta.

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А

SECOND CENTURY OF NEW AND RARE INDIAN PLANTS

By Sir GEORGE KING, К.С.Г.Е., LL.D., F.R.S., late Director of the Botanical Survey of India;

4.F. DUTHIE, В.А. F kas, Director, Botanical Department of Northern India,

and

D. PRAIN, | Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta.

WITH FRONTISPIECE AND NINETY-THREE PLATES,

— مت‎ apu...

CALCUTTA:

Printed at the Bengal Secretariat Press. 1901.

NOTE.

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Tue present part of the Annals of the Calcutta Garden is the work of three authors. For the descriptions of twenty species Sir. G. King, of fifteen species, Mr. J. F. Duthie, and of forty-seven species, the writer is responsible. For the account here presented of fifteen species Sir G.. King and the writer, and of two species Mr. Duthie and the writer are jointly responsible. The preparation of the plates of species for which Sir G. King, or the writer, or Sir G. King and the writer jointly, are responsible, have been prepared under the writer’s supervision; Mr. Duthie has supervised the preparation of the plates of those species for which he alone or for which he and the writer are conjointly responsible, except in the case of Gleadovia ruborum the main drawing of which is from the pencil of Mr. J. 8. Gamble, F.R.S., who also wrote the specific description, the analyses being partly by Mr. Gamble, partly by Mr. Duthie’s native artist, partly by the writer. This responsibility is duly indicated by the initials that follow the descriptions throughout the work and appear in the table of contents.

For the supervision of the work of the lithographers and for the editing of the letter-press the writer is responsible.

Roxan Вотлхіс GARDEN, CALCUTTA ; D. PRAIN. November 21st, 1900.

CONTENTS.

SPECIES.

_ 1. Goniothalamus peduncularis King $ Ргат Апопасее Papaveraceso

2. Meconopsis grandis Prain 3 primulina Prain 4, bella Prain

5. superba King

6 sinuata Prain

7

. Cathcartia lyrata Ситт. & Prain

polygonoides Prain

9. Chelidonium Dicranostigma Prain

10. Capparis Cathearti Hemsi. 11. Heritiera dubia Wall.

12. Grewia denticulata Wall 18. Evodia pilulifera King

14

macrocarpa King 15. pachyphylla King - 16, Santiria laxa King 17. macrocarpa King

18. oblongifolia B7.

19. longifolia King 20. Wrayi King 21. floribunda King

22, Dysoxylum reticulatum King

23. Lepidopetalum Jackianum Radik.

24. Acer Papilio King 25. Spondias axillaris Road.

` 96. Taeniochlaena birmannica Prain

en Indigofera squalida Prain -beila Prain

5 Hamiltonii Grah. 30. Millettia unifoliata Pratn 81. albiflora Prain

82. stipularis Prain

39. Uraria prunellefolia Grah. 34. Cruddasia insignis Prain 35. Kunstleria Kingit Prain 36. Dysolobium grande Prain

37. lucens Prain 38. dolichoides Prain 89. tetragona Prain

40. Dioclea reflexa Hook. /. 41. Albizzia Gamblei Prain

42. Riehardiana King $ Prain

43, Piptadenia oudhensis Brandis 44. Pahudia javanica Mig.

45. xylocarpa Kurz

46. martabanica Prati 47. Leucostegane latistipnlata Prain 48. Crudia Curtisii Prain

Ann. Вох. Bor, GARD. Catc., Vou, ІХ

Order.

Capparidez Sterculiaces

Tiliacese Rutaceæ

”

” Burseraces

Meliaces

Sapindaceæ

” Anacardiacese Соппатасеге Leguminosx

Authors.

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SPECIES.

49. Rubus fasciculatus Пи ие 50. Pottingeria acuminata Prat» 51. Terminalia bialata Steud.

52. Terminalia Manii King

58. Heptapleurum Hullettii King 54, Ridleyi King 55, Wardenia simplex King

56. Dendropanax Listeri King

57. Tricholepis stictophyllum C. В. Clarke

58. Saussurea chitralica Duthie 59. Agapetes Pottingeri Prain 60, Desmogyne neriifolia King & Prain 61. Androsace Harrissii Duthie

62. - fragilis Duthie 63. Primula Inayati Duthie 64. hazarica Duthie

65. Sideroxylon longepetiolatum King & Prain

66. Hoya obreniformis King 67. Ceropegia kachinensis Prain

68. Cotylanthera paucisquama C. B. Clarke

69. Gleadovia ruborum Gamble & Prain 70. Didymocarpus elatior Prain 71. Plectranthus pharicus Prain

22, Kurzii Prain

73. Kunstleri Prain

74. Scuteilaria andamanica Prain

75. petiolata Hemsl. & Lace 76. Kingiana Prain

77. Molucella otostegioides Раф

78. Leucas Collettii Prain 79. Stachys cordifolia Prain

80. Phlomis oblongifolia Kuntze

81. rugosa Benth.

82. Eurysolen gracilis Prain

83. Gomphostemma inopinatum Prain 81. Nepeta Prainii Duthie

85. Afridia nepetaeformis Duthie

86, Gymnostachyum Listeri Prein

87. Peristrophe longifoiia King & Proin

88. Peristrophe fera Clarke var. Gagei King & Prain j

89. Polygonum virginianum Linn. 90. Machilus Duthiei King

91. Apostasia Walliehii Lindl,

92. Hitchenia glauca Wall.

93. Hedychium luteum 7. Thoms. 94. Zingiber pardocheilum Wail. 95. Clarkei King

96. Pancratium longiflorum 0026. 97. Cryptocoryne Cruddasiana Prain 98. Eriophcrum microstachyum Boeck. 99. Tripogon purpurase2ns Duthie.

‚ Festuca lucida Stapf.

Order. Authors. Page. Rosacex d. Dian 39 Saxifragaceze ik P. 40 Combretacess С. К. 41

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Araliacess G. К, 42

a G. K. 43

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Compositze J. Е. D. 8

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Vacciniaceze H.E. ls

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Primulacess J. F. D. 47

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š: d, 15. 1X 63

7 J. F. D. 64

DI 65‏ 6ھ

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Polygonaces J. F. D. 67 Laurinem J. F. D. Кт

А postasies +. К.

Scitaminese رس فا و یہ ار‎ gg

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Amarylidaeee G. K.; D. P. 72

Aroideæ D. P. 73

Cyperaceæ J. Е. D. 74

Gramines J. F. D. ы

` J. F. D. 75

Plate. 48

DESCRIPTIONS

OF

A SECOND CENTURY

OF

NEW AND RARE INDIAN PLANTS.

PLATE 1.

GONIOTHALAMUS PEDUNCULARIS King $ Prain, in Journ, As. Soc. Beng. lxvii. 2. 284 (1898).

Natural order Anonacee.

А shrub? young branches slender, glabrous; leaves thinly coriaceous, oblong, somewhat oblanceolate, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate ; both surfaces glabrous, dul, the lower pale-brown when dry; main-nerves 10 to 12 pairs, curved, inter- arching within the edge, somewhat prominent on the lower, obsolete on the upper surface when dry; length 1:5—2-5 dm., breadth 4—6 cm. ; flowers solitary, erect, slightly supra-axillary, 4 ст. long, their pedicels somewhat exceeding 9:5 cm., adpressed- puberulous and minutely bracteolate near the base; sepals fleshy, free, ovate, subacute, spreading, puberulous on both surfaces, 1 em. long; petals fleshy: the outer row obliquely ovate-lanceolate acuminate, contracted and thickened at the base and excavated on the inner surface, adpressed-pubescent externally and at the base inter- nally, otherwise glabrous, 4 cm. long and 2 ста. wide at the broadest part ; inner row ovate, acute, narrowed at the base, pubescent on both surfaces but especially on the outer, cohering in the upper half to form а ealyptra with three o penings at its base; anthers numerous, sessile, linear, their apices capitate; різшіз about 20, the ovaries linear; the styles twice as long, linear, pubescent; fruit unknown.

Uprer Burma: Kachin Hills, road to Sima, 1,000 ft. above sea level; Collectors of the Bol. Gard., Calcutta 1

Of all the Indian species of this genus those which most resembles this are the Ceylon G. Gardneri Н. f. & T. and 6. Thwaitesii Н, f. & T.

Pirate 1.—Goniothalamus penduneularis King $ Prain. 1, flowering branch ; 2, flower ; 8, flower

dissected ; 4, essential organs, laid bare; 5, inner petals,—of natural size ;

6, anthers, —en/arged. Specimen from Sima Road, Kachin Hills, 1,000 ft.

9 А ا‎ P.

Ann. Roy. Вот. Garp. Care., Vor. 1X,

PLATE 2. 2. Meconopsis GRANDIS Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxiv. 2. 320 (1896).

Natural order Papaveracee.

A tall, softly hairy herb with a stout rootstock clothed with sheaths, its neck villous; radical leaves tufted, numerous, ovate-lanceolate, blades coarsely serrate, 9—18 ет. long, and tapering into petioles 15—24 cm. long; stem 4'5—9 dm. high, leafy, cauline leaves like radical but short-petioled or sessile passing into bracts, the lower 1—3 scattered, the upper 3—5 collected in a whorl, the lowest shortly petioled, vacant, at times absent; the next 1—2 with axillary flower-buds; bracts of the whorl subequal, 12—15 сш. long, 6—8 cm. wide, with 1—2 axillary flowers; .main-axis terminating in a 1-41. scape extending 15—45 cm. beyond whorl; buds 4 cm., flowers 12 cm. in diam.; sepals 2, hirsute; petals deep-blue, 5—9, imbricate; stamens numerous ovary subcylindric, sparingly covered with harsh, spreading, ultimately subdeciduous bristles, placentas usually 5, slightly intruded ; style about one-third the length of ovary or less; capsule linear, oblong, 6 cm, long ; seeds rugose.

SIKKIM : Jongri on the Nepal Frontier, at 10—12,000 ft.; Кіп/з Collec tors ! Тай n, 5435! б. А. Gammie !

This is one of the finest of the Indian species of Meconopsis ; it is evidently, in spite of its great difference in habit, closely related to М. simplicifolia Walp. (Вер. 1. 110; Hook. f. Ill. Him, РІ, t. 8), with which it agrees in having tufted, coarsely dentate radical leaves and of which it has exactly the capsules and the seeds. It is also nearly related to Meconopsis integrifolia Franch. (Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. xxxiii. 389) which agrees with JM. grandis in having a stem that, though shorter, has also 1—2 leaves below and a whorl of 5—8 bracts with 2—3 axillary as well as a terminal flower: above, but which differs in having all the leaves entire and in having yellow

petals.

When first describing this species tho writer stated that it “seems confined to the district of Jongri, but is very plentiful there." Mr. G. A. Gammie has very kindly written to say that this is so, but that even in Jongri it is only a cultivated plant, not grown, however, for its beauty but for the oil that is obtained by expression from its seeds. The inhabitants of Jongri say that the plant itself was brought thither from Nepal.

When it was first described the largest number of petals found in a single flower had been seven; in the flower figured, however, which is from a more recent gathering, nine were present.

2.—Meconopsis grandis Prain. 1, base of plant with radical leaves; 2, upper portion‏ ہیں of stem with bracts, buds and opened terminal flower; 3, young fruit; 4, ripe capsule —of natural‏ size 5, stamens; 6, ovary, out transversely; 7, seeds,—en/arged. Specimen from Jongri, in Western‏ Sikkim, at 12,000 feet above sea-level.‏

JE

PLATE 3. 3. Месохорвів PRIMULINA Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxiv. 2, 819 (1896).

Natural order Рарахетасеге.

A small, almost glabrous herb with a fusiform rootstock 3—10 cm. long, its neck clothed with old sheaths; stems short, leafy at the base only; /eaves linear-oblong, entire, acute, 4—7 cm. long, 7 mm. wide, radical few, spathulate, all narrowed into short petioles and very sparsely strigose on both surfaces; flowers pendulous, dark violet-purple, on a terminal scape 18 cm. long and one or two axillary lateral scapes 8—10 em. long ; sepals 2, glabrous, 1:25 cm. long; petals 6—8, imbricate, narrowly ovate with а distinct claw, 2 cm. long, '75—125 cm. wide, the inner narrower; stamens about 50; filaments of the outer series sometimes united into phyllomes with antheri- ferous fringe, when free filiform, as long as tie ovary, anthers orbicular-ovate, golden, yellow; ovary glabrous, 4-carpelled, narrowly ovate, 12 тат. long, 5 mm. wide, tapering into a slender style one-third as long; placentas intruded and passing up the substance of the style as two pairs of approximated vascular traces each bearing at the base of the style a projecting papilla inclined laterally so that the 4 papillae form 2 pairs alternating with the placental traces and style-lobes aud opposite the clefts of the 2-partite stigma with oblong plano-convex lobes, the outer convex surfaces of each pair stigmatic.

eastern HIMALAYA ; Вообап, at Do lep; Chumbi, at Sham-chen; Collectors of the Calcutta Botanie Garden !

This species is most nearly related to Meconopsis Henrici Franch. (Journ, de . Botanique v. 19), a plaut from Szechuen with much the same habit and with the same tendency to cohesion of the stamens of the outer whorl but with a depressed globose ovary, strigose in its upper half, shorter than its style, and without the peculiar epaulettes characteristic of the ovary of M. primulina,

Рілте 8.—Meconopsis primulina Prain. 1, plant with bud, opened flower and flower with perianth fallen,—of natural sise ; 2, stamen of inner row; 3, phalanx of stamens of outer row: 4, young fruit; 5, another young fruit, cut transversely ; 6, young seed,—all enlarged ; 7, ovule,— much enlarged. Specimen from Sham-chen, in Chumbi, probable elevation 11—12,000 feet above sea-level.

U, È.

PLATE 4.

4. Meconopsis BELLA Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. Ixiii. 2. 82 (1891) and lxiv. 2. 321 (1896).

Naiural order Papaveraceæ.

A dwarf, perennial, glabrous or sparingly setulose herb with a stout rhizome 12 em long, slightly branched below, its neck exserted 2 cm. or more and densely sheathed with old leaf-bases ; /ea'es all radical, petioles 6—10 cm. long, widening towards the base into a membranous sheath, blades 2°5 ст. long, 1--1۰5 em. wide, ovate-lanceolate, | 2—3-jugately unequally pinnatisect, the segments 3-partite with ovate-obtuse lobules

Any. Roy. Bor. Garp. Catc., Vor, ІХ,

+

5 mm: long and 3 mm. wide; scapes simple, slender, 1-flowered, the buds at first nodding ; flowers rather large, 4 em. across, blue; sepals 2, ovate, 12 mm. long, 8 mm. wide; petals usually 4, but occasionally 5, 3 cm. long, 2 cm. across, ovate-rotund ; stamens ©, about 80, the filaments filiform, 6 mm, long, glabrous, the anthers oblong, apparently golden-yellow, 2°5 mm. long, hardly 1 mm. wide; ovary ovate, slightly setose below, glabrous above, 5 mm. long, placentas 4—5, hardly intraded, style distinct, 2—3 mm. long; ripe capsules obpyriform, 15 mm. long, tapering below into a false stipe 4 mm, long; seeds numerous, 1:28 mm. long, ‘3 mm. wide, testa lax, pseudostro- phiolate; embryo small, basilar.

EASTERN HIMALAYA : Sikkim, in Jongri at Pey-kiong-ia, about 12,000 feet above sea-level and at Nyegu on the Nepalese frontier, about 14,000 feet elev.; Collectors of Calcutta Botani: Garden 1

A pretty little species, with leaves like those of a Corydalis, It flowers in July. All the specimeus received up to 1894 had been quite glabrous, but some, obtained in 1896 by the orchid-collectors working for Sir George King and Mr. Pantling, have sparingly setulose scapes and leaf stalks.

Рглтв 4.—Meconopsis bella Prain. 1, flowering plant; 2, fruiting plant,—of natural size; 8, stamen; 4, ovary; 9, another ovary, cut transversely; 6, ripe capsule; 7, seed,—a more or less enlarged. Specimens from Pey-kiong-la, in Jongri. |

Dok.

PLATE 5.

5. Meconopsis SUPERBA King ex Prain in Journ, Аз. Soc. Beng. lxiv. 2. 317 (1896).

Natural order Papaveraceze,

А tall, softly hairy herb probably 15—20 dm. high, stems 4 ст. in diam. about 5 dm, from the top, simple, hirsute like the leaves with کم‎ spreading, flexuous hair and densely clothed with soft, grey pubescence; cauline leaves sessile, amplexicaui, obovate-oblong, serrate, acute, 25—50 em. long, 7—10 сш. wide, passing upwards into similar but smaller bracts; cymes simple, rather dense-flowered, pedicels short, never exceeding З cm., 2—3 in each axil; flowers white, nearly 10 cm. wide; sepals 4°5 ош. long; margins of petals entire; ovary globose, 7—11-valved, سد‎ clothed with adpressed setae and with close stellate pubescence.

Eastern HiMALAYA: Ho-ko-chu in Chumbi, about 10,000 ft, above sea-level; Collectors of the Calcutta Botanic Garden!

This very fine plant has been only once collected; it is perhaps no more than a form of Meconopsis paniculata Prain (М. napaulensis Walp., Н. f. у Т, but not of DC), The chief differences are the larger size of all its parts, the white not yellow petals, and the serrate but not lobed cauline leaves. The ovary is quite like that of М. paniculata ; the fruit is unknown.

Puare 5.—Meconopsis superba King. 1, top of flowering stem,—of nitural size; 2, stamens; `8, ovary,—enlarged. Specimen from Ho-ko-chu, Chumbi.

G. К.; D. P е

MALI

PLATE 6. 6. Meconopsis SINUATA Prain in Journ, As. Soc. Deng. lxiv. 2. 314 (1896).

Natural order Рарахегасег.

A tall, annual herb with a fusiform rootstock 10—16 cm. long, 1 em. thick, the neck clothed with old leaf-sheaths ; stem 30—90 cm. high, smooth except for scattered prickles, leafy throughout; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtuse with sinuate margins, 10—18 em. long, 3—5 ст. wide, sparsely prickly, radical and lower cauline with petioles 4—6 ст. long, upper cauline passing into bracts, sessile, subamplexicaul; cymes few-flowered ; flowers pale blue-purple, 5—7 cm. across, pedicels bracteate, slender, prickly, 6—8 ст. long, fastigiate in fruit; sepals 2, prickly; petals 4; capsules elongated, narrowly obconic, 4—5 cm. long., 1 cm. in diam. towards upper third, sparsely prickly, at length almost smooth, style 5—12 mm. long., stigma small; seeds scaberulous, hilum slightly crested.

Eastern HIMALAYA: Sikkim, at Patang-la, Pey-kiong-la, and Ney-go-la, 10—12,000 ft.; Collectors of Calcutta Botanic Garden! Jongri, 12,000 ft.; G. A. Gammie ! Bootan, in the Dichu Valley, about 11,000 ft.; Cummins!

This species bas much the habit of Meconopsis aculeata Royle, a North-West Himalayan plant, and appears to be the representative of Royle’s plant in the Eastern Himalaya: what seems to be а variety of our plant occurs in Szechuen. Meconopsis sinuata has, however, leaves that differ from those of M. aculeata in being merely sinuate instead of irregularly pinnatifid, and has very dissimilar capsules, those of М. aculeata being densely aculeate and short-oblong, only about twice as long as their styles. ;

Prate 6. Meconopsis sinuata Ргат. 1, flowering plant ; 2, rootstock ; 3, top of fruiting plant,— of natural size; 4, stamens; 5, ovary; 6, ripe capsule; 7, the same, cut transversely; 8, seed,—a// enlarged. Flowering specimen from Pey-kiong-la; fruiting specimen from Dichu Valley.

D.P.

PLATE 7. 7. CATHCARTIA LYRATA Ситт. $£ Prain in Journ, As. Soc. Beng, lxiv. 2. 325 (1396).

Natural order Papaveracee.

_ А small glabrescent herb with a rootstock slender throughout or swollen towards the neck which is clothed with sheaths, 2—3 cm. long; stems simple or sparingly branched, 8—25 em. high, about as thick as a crow-quill or less, glabrous or very sparingly hairy; radical leaves few, early withering; cauline 3—4, from hastate-entire to lyrate-pinnatifid, sparingly hirsute on both surfaces, green above, glaucescent beneath, lobes rounded, 2—4 cm. long, 1—2 cm. wide, petioles 2—4 cm. long; flowers 1—3 (oftenest solitary), cymose; pedicels slender, 8—10 cm. long; buds nodding, 7 mm. in diam.; full-blown flowers 2:2 em. across; sepals orbieular, glabrous, green; petals blue, 4, narrowly to widely lanceolate, rounded or obtuse rarely acute, always faintly crispate at margin; stamens 16 in 2 rows of 8 each; ovary narrow-ovate, style distinct, stigma small 2—3-lobed, placentas 2—3, distinctly intruded; capsuies 4 cm. long, very slender, erect, valves membranous, dehiscing from apex downwards towards Базе; s;eds smooth, urcrested.

Eastern Himataya: Sikkim, at 13—14,000 feet, not common; Ta-me-da; King? Chiani, Phallut and Jongri; Calcutta Garden Collectors ! Tankra; G. Gammie! пеат Gnatong; Cummins!

This little species was a puzzle to Indian systematic botanists from 1877, when it was first obtained by Sir G. King, till it was met with by Capt. Cummins at Gnatong in 1893. The ripe fruits, dehiscing downwards towards the base and not by valves at the tip only, indicate that it is а Сайсагйа rather than a Meconopsis; the fact that there are often 3 valves, and the placentation, show that it is not a Stylophorum.

Рглте 7.—Catheartia lyrata Ситт. & Prain. 1, plant,—of natural size; 2, floral diagram; 3, petal x 2; 4, samen x 3; 5, 6, ovaries, cut transversely x 2; 7, capsule x 2; 8, seed x 5. Specimen from Chiani, on the Nepal Frontier.

D P.

PLATE 8. 8. CaTucartia POLYGONOIDES Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng, lxiv. 2. 326 (1898).

Natural order Papaveracee.

À glabrescent herb with aslender rootstock clothed with sheaths, 4—5 cm. long; stems simple, slender, strigose, 15—35 cm, high, about as thick as a crow-quill or less; radical and subradical leaves long-petioled, cauline leaves 2—3, lower long-petioled uppermost sessile stem-clasping, radical and lower cauline petioles 6—10 cm. long, laminae ovate-oblong, obtuse, base cuneate, truncate or slightly cordate, margins entire or slightly incised crenate, sparingly hairy on both surfaces, 4—5 cm. long, 1:5—2 cm. wide; jlswers solitary, nodding, 2*5 сш. across; petals blueish-white, rather narrowly lanceolate, apex acute or rarely obtuse, margin entire; stamens 16 in two rows of 8 each; ovary narrowly ovate, style distinct, stigma small 2—3-lobed, placentas little intruded, 2—3.

EASTERN HimatayaA: Chumbi, at Sham-Chen, аб Put-lo, and at Ling-moo-tong; Сайсийа Garden Collectors !

The flowers and unripe capsules of this plant are so like those of б, lyrata that there would seem to be little room for doubt as to its generic position. But it is also very like a smail form of a plant from Yunnan described and figured by М. Franchet as Meconopsis betonicaefolia [Plantae Delavayanae, 49. t. 12 (1889)] of which it has all the habit and, though оп a smaller scale, exactly the foliage. A final decision as regards both Cathcartia polygonoides and Meconopsis belonicaefolia can only be given when ripe fruits of both have been received. The specific differences between the two plants are the fewer (16) stamens in the Chumbi plant than in the Yunnan one, which has 64; the narrower, much smaller petals; and the smaller ovary and stigma.

Ртлте 8.—Catheartia polygonoides Prain. 1, plant,—of natural size; 2, floral diagram ; 3, petal, from the plant figured as fig. 1; ard 4, petal, from a plant collected at Put-lo,—btoth x 2; 5, stamen x 3; 6, ovary x 3. Plant from Sham-Chen, Chumbi.

Е,

چم

PLATE 9.

9. CHELIDONIUM Dicranosticma Prain in Bull. Herb. Boiss. iii. 585 (1895), Natural order P&paveraces.

A glaucous, glabrous or puberulous herb with a stout, fusiform, descending root- stock 10—15 cm. long, enlarged at the apex to 1:5 cm. diam. and there densely covered with old sheaths; radical leaves many, petioled, 4—6-jugately pinnatifid to -partite, 12—25 сш. long. 3—5 cm. wide, segments usually distant, rhomboid, acutely incised-lobed, terminal lobe 3-64; petioles 4—5 cm. long; stems several, leafless below, 10—25 сш. long before branching, apex of stem and of each branch supporting a terminal flower, branches few, subfastigiate, 6—8 cm. long, in the axils of floral leaves conformable with the radical but sessile and smaller only 3—8 cm. long by 2:5—4 сш. wide, segments 2—4-jugate, and with occasionally 1—9 sterile bracts or, less often, 1—2 flowers near the middle; flowers 3—5 em. across, pedicels ebracteolate, 5—8 сш. long; sepals ovate-acute, puberulous, 2 сш. long; petals orange ; stamens about 80; ovary narrowly ovate-acute, puberulous with soft weak hairs, style distinct, stigmas mitraeform, lobes large erect acute; capsule cylindric 5—6 cm. long, (including style 5 mm, long) tapering, softly puberulous ; seeds small, numerous, ovate, not scrobiculate and not crested. Journ. Аз. Soc. Beng, lxiv. 2. 327 (1894). Dicranostigma lactucoides Hook. f. $ Thoms. Flor, Ind. 255 (1855); Walp. Ann. iv. 272 (1857). Stylophorum lactucoides Вай. Hist. des Plantes iii, 114 (1871); Hook. f. б Thoms. Flor. Brit. Ind. i. 119 (1872).

Himataya: Kamaon; Strachey and Winterbottom n. 3! Duthie nn. 2699! 8819! 5826! Phari; King’s Collectors !

Nearly allied to Chelidonium Franchetianum Prain and ОС. leptopodum Prain (Glau- cium leptopodum Maxim.) but differing from both in having large stigmatic lobes, softly hairy capsules, and simple or subsimple cymes. The plant from Phari which is figured on PLATE 9 as fig. 1, almost always has one or two flowers on the branches, whereas none of our specimens of the Kamaon plant have other than simple cymes though some of them have a barren bract near the middle; the Phari plant has moreover the angles of the leaf-segments more acute, and is glabrous and smaller in all its parts; to illustrate these features an outline of a leaf of the Kamaon plant and a figure of a capsule with its pedicel, from the Western Himalayan form, are given as figs. 4 and 5 respectively. 1 do not feel able at present to consider these differences specific; should they prove constant, however, it may ultimately be necessary to recognise the two as distinct, in which case the name C. Dicranostigma may be restricted to the Eastern form and the Western may be known С. ۰

as

Puare 9.—Chelidonium Dicranostigma Риби. 1, plaut from Phari,—of natural size ; 2. stimmen x 2; 3, seed x 5,—both from the plant shown in fig. 1; 4, leaf; 9, capsule,—doth of natural size; 6, seed x 5; figs. 4,5 and 6 are from a Kamaon plant. Е

D. P.

PLATE 10. 10. Capparts Сатнсавті Hemsl, ex Gamble, Darjeeling List Ed. 2., 6 (1896).

Natural order Capparideze.

A large scandent shrub, glabrous, the branches armed with strong stipular thorns; ‚ leaves chartaceous, shining above, dull beneath, ovate-acute the base shortly cuneate, edges slightly incurved when dry, midrib and 8-jugate secondary ascending nerves rather prominent beneath; petiole 1:25 em. long, lamina 8—12 cm. long, 4—6 cm. wide; umbels paniculate towards ends of branches, leafy; flowers 3 cm. across, pedicels 2 em. long; sepals ovate-rotund, puberulous externally ; petals thin, obovate, margin faintly crenulate; stamens 25—86, the filaments equal; gynophore 3°5 cm. long, as long as filaments; ovary ovoid apiculate; fruit globular with slightly umbonate tip, 2:9 cm. across; seeds 4—5, imbedded in scanty pulp. Capparis (sp. allied to б. floribunda) Hook. f. & Thoms. Flor. Brit. Ind. i. 180 (1870); Gamble,

Darjeeling List, 5 (1878). С. sikkimensis Kure MSS. in Herb. Calcutta.

. біккім: near Darjeeling; Cathcart in Herb. Kew. Darjeeling District, 4,000 feet; Kurz! Kurseong; Clarke 13854! Gyabari, 4,000 ft.; Gamble 1037! Badamtam, 3,000 ft.; Gamble 9839!

A species most nearly allied to C. floribunda Wight, from S. India, the Andamans and the Philippines, but with larger flowers, and more numerous stamens. The plant described in this work, vol. v. p. 119, as C. andamanica, is conspecific with б, floribunda.

PrarE 10.—Cepparis Cathearti Hemsl. 1, specimen from Darjeeling District at 4,000 ft., collected by Kurz,—of natural size; 2, bud, partly laid open,—of natural size; 8, sepal, seen from side,—of natural size; 4, sepal from within,—of natural size; 5, petal, with stamens of outer row from a young flower; 6, stamens in bud, after removal of perianth; 7, stamens in opened flower,—of natural size; 8, ovary with gynophore x 2; 9, fruit,—of natural size; 10, fruit, іп section,—of natural size.

D. Р,

PLATE 11. 11. HERITIERA DUBIA Wall, ex Kurz in Journ, Bot. xi. 65 (1874).

A tree; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate or elliptic-oblong, petiole rather stout, lepidote, 12—20 mm. long, base cuneate, rounded or obtuse, apex obtuse or acute or acuminate, 10—15 ст, long, 4—8 cm. wide, when young sparingly beset with tawny hairs but soon quite glabrous above, densely silvery-lepidote and sparingly brown-punctate beneath; panicles axillary much shorter than the leaves, pubescent with longish, rusty hairs; flowers small, urceolate-campanulate, brownish-green, pedicel slender 4 mm. long; calyx 5 mm. long, puberulous externally and internally, shortly 4-lobed, lobes obtuse or subacute; staminal column considerably shorter than the calyx, tip slightly angled, anthers 7—10, sessile; mature carpels compressed, cuneate-oblong, 4 cm. long, thickly winged towards the tip оп one side, smooth, brown,

Kuasta Hits; at low elevations, De Silva (ic. in Herb. Calcutta)! Gallatiy, 7 !

9

There is often a curious unwillingness to admit that the genus Heritiera includes other than littoral species. As a matter of fact it is, so far as India is concerned, less of a littoral than an inland genus; only two of the five Indian species are littoral.

The right to specific rank was vindicated for H. macrophylla Wall. by Kurz in Journ, As, Soc, Beng. xlii. pt. 2. 61 (1873) and more emphatically by the same author in Journ, Dot. xii, 66 (1874) and again in For. Flor. Brit, Burma i. 141 (1877); Kurz’s contention was practieally admitted in the Gardener's Chronicle (1886). i. 81 and since then has been thoroughly established by King, (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lx. 2, 80) by Pierre (Flor. For. Coch.-Chin. t. 204) and by Hooker (Bot. Mag. t. 7192). This is a purely inland species.

The right to specific rank for another Wallichian inland Heritiera—H. acuminata Wall.—was equally vindicated by Kurz in Journ, Bot. xii. 65 (1874), This species, like £1, macrophylla, was nominally published in Voigt’s Hortus Suburbanus Caleuttensis (1815). Kurz, however, was not, in the absence of specimens, in a position to discover that H. Papilio Bedd. (Flor. Sylvat. t. 218), from Travancore and the Carnatic is the same tree as the earlier published Z. acuminata Wall, which was originally found by Wallich’s Collector DeSilva in Silhet and has since been collected in Cachar, {Bhuban range, 0, Mann! Naraindar Panji, М. G. Young! Jbiri Ghat, Prazer!) as well as in the lower Lushai Hills (Lengti, Prazer/). It is a large, often lofty tree, 5—6 feet in girth; the vernacular name in Cachar is ** Akhar,"

The species now described and figured was in 1874 only represented by a manuscript drawing made under Wallich’s supervision and named by that botanist Н. dubia. This also Kurz recognised in 1874 as a valid species, even though no specimens were available. Some years later Gallatly, collecting in the Khasia hills, obtained flowering specimens of a Heritiera with leaves in shape like those of Н. acuminata but differing from those of that species in not being 3-nerved at the base. The leaves of Gallatly’s specimens differ from those of A. dubia as figured by Wallich in being narrower and acuminate, and the flowers too differ in having subacute, not obtuse, calyx-lobes. The staminal column is however exactly like that of H. dubia as figured by Wallich and the calyx-lobes are erect, not reflexed as in Н, acuminata. In the flowers examined by me the stamens are usually 7—8, very rarely 10, The species has, as Kurz has remarked, a considerable resemblance to I. littoralis and is obviously the most nearly related of all the inland, non-saline Heritieras to that species. |

It may be well to note here that H. littoralis, which is the species usually met with on the Indian coasts, has never been found anywhere on the coasts of Bengal although it has been the object of very careful and prolonged search in order, if possible, to verify the statement to the contrary which is made by Masters in Flor. Brit. Ind. i. 363. Н. minor Roxb. (Balanopteris minor Gaertn.) named H. Fomes in the same work, is stated to occur inland. This is equally not the case—it does not extend beyond the mangrove swamps of the Sanlribuns, It is the 6 Sundri ” whieh gives its name to that characteristic portion of the Gangetic Delta, It appears to be equally common in the corresponling portion of the Irrawaddy Delta, but to occur nowhere else either in India cr Burma.

Axn. Roy Bor. Garp. Carc, Vot. ІХ,

10

Prarg—11. Horitiera dubia Wall. 1, flowering branch; 2, leafy twig; 8, 4, ripe fruit,—of natural size; 5, flower; 6, tha same, calyx laid open to show staminal eolumn,—en/arged. From

a Wallichian drawing in Herb. Calcutta. а

PLATE 12. 12. Grewia DENTICULATA Wall, ex Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcuti, 128 (1845).

Natural order Tiliaceze.

A shrab or small tree; young shoots scabrous with stellate hairs; branches terete, sparsely stellately hairy; laves rather thickly membranous, scabrous, ovate-lanceolate acuminate, finely subaqually serrate, base rounded 3-nerved, central nerve with 3—5 pairs of slightly arching nerves; sparsely stellate-hairy above, densely stellate-hairy especially on the nerves beneath; length 10—15 cm., width 6—7 cm.; petiole 6 mm., stellately hairy ; cymes axillary, peduncled, umbellate, few-flowered; peduncles 8—12 mm. long, pedicels nearly as long, in fruit elongated and attaining 15 mm., bracts triangular lanceolate, 5 mm. long, stellate-hairy outside, striate within; buds obovate, striate, 6 mm. long, 45 mm. wide; sepals 10 mm. long, lanceolate; petals ovate- lanceolate, 4:5 mm, long; torus densely adpressed rusty tomentose, cylindric, 3*5 mm. long; fruit a 2- or l-lobed drupe, subtesselately rugose with lenticular swellings each crowned by a stellate hair; lobes suborbicular, 7:5 mm. long and broad and 6 mm. thick, G. scabrida Wall. Cat. 1113 E (1832) С, nagensium Prain in Journ. As, Soc, Beng. \xix. 2. 168 (1900).

Assam: Silhet; Wallich! Kala Naga Hills; Prazer n. 13! Eastern Naga Hills, at Narazu; J. W. Masters 1263! Teock Ghat, near Tingali Bam; Prain’s Collector n. 128! 262! Margarita; Prain’s Collector !

The collectors describe the flowers as yellow. The leaves of this species most closely resemble those of the Burmese species Grewia microstemma, but the margins are more finely toothed than in that plant. Tie flowers are quite unlike those of 6. microstemma and most closely approach those of G. oppositifolia though the torus is considerably longer than in that species. The fruits are very distinctive and approach most nearly to, though they are still widely different from, those of G. umbellifera Bedd. (6. capitata Dalz.), next to which species the present one must be placed, I am indebted to Mr, Duthie for the discovery that this very distinct species is the same as С. denticulata Wall, which, after having recognised it as a distinct species its author unfortunately merged in his own С. scabrida.

Pirate 12.—Grewia denticulata Wall. 1, flowering branch from Teock Ghat in the Jaboca Naga Hills; 2, fruiting twig from Narazu,—doth of natural sí»; 3, flower, dissected; 4, stamens; 5, ovary,— all enlarged. :

DT

PLATE 13.

13. ЕуошА PILULIFERA King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. \sii, 2. 210 (1894). Natural order Rutacee.

A shrub 10 to 15 feet high; young branches rather slender, flattened at the nodes, minutely tawny-tomentose, the bark pale; leaves 3-foliolate, the petiole 7-5—11 cm.

il

long, terete, grooved in front, deciduously tawny-tomentose ; leaflets thinly coriaceous, petiolulate, oblong-elliptic, tapering to each end, the apex shortly acuminate, the base very narrow; both surfaces glabrous, the lower paler when dry; main-nerves 9—10 pairs, oblique, interarching boldly well within the edge, prominent on the lower, depressed on the upper surface when dry; length 9—90 cm., breadth 8—7 cm., petiolules 4--10 mm., the middle leaflet rather larger than the lateral; cymes every- where tawny-tomentose, axillary, on long peduncles, the branches few, opposite, each bearing towards the apex a few dense, subglobose masses of flowers; flowers under 2:5 mm. long; sepals ovate-acute, densely tawny-tomentose ; petals glabrous; ovary villous; خر‎ of slightly compressed, ovoid, blunt cocci, minutely tawny-tomentose outside, glabrous within, 5 mm. long; seed solitary, shining.

MaLaYaN PENINSULA : Perak, Maxwell's Hill; Scortechini 360! Larut; Wray 9995! Kunstler 6975!

This species is readily distinguished by its minutely tomentose, few-branched cymes, each bearing a few densely crowded heads of small flowers.

Рглтв 13.—Evodia pilulifera Hing. 1, flowering twig, from Maxwell’s Hill, Perak; 2, fruiting twig, from Larut, Регак,—Ф of natural size; 9, flower-bud; 4, petals; 5, stamen, from in front; 6, stamen, from behind; 7, ovary and stamens; 8, fruit ; 9, seed,—al/ enlarged.

Gk.

۰ PLATE 14. 14. EvoprA MacROCARPA King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxii. 2. 209 (1894), Natural order Rutacez.

A tree 20 to 40 feet high; young branches rather stout, compressed, cinereous- puberulous ; leaves 3-foliolate, the petiole 8—10 cm. long, glabrous; leaflets coriaceous, oblong or elliptic-oblong, acute, narrowed to the slightly unequal-sided base, both surfaces glabrous, the upper shining, the lower dull and paler when dry, main-nerves 14—18 pairs, almost horizontal, faint; length 15—30 cm., width 5—8 cm., the petiolules 2:5—5 mm., the middle leaflet largest; cymes axillary, pyramidal, shortly pedunculate, olivaceous- tomentose; the branches opposite, spreading, bracteolate at the base; peduncles 1:5--4 сш. long, puberulous; flowers white, 9:5 mm. long, densely crowded, many of them with perfect stamens but an abortive ovary, sepals triangular, acute, pubescent; petals puberulous; stamens exserted ; ovary villous; fruit of 3—4 cocci to each flower, com- pressed, obovate, blunt, 1 cm. long, dark-coloured and puberulous externally, lined inside with dense, white hairs; seeds 2, black, shining.

Maayan PENINSULA: Perak, at Sungie, Larut, Thaipeng; Kunstler 7489! Wray 2275! 2648! 3266!

A very distinct species, recognisable at once by its long and comparatively large leaflets, small cymes and large cocci.

Рглте 14,—Evodia macrocarpa King. 1, flowering branch from Thaipeng, Perak ; 2, fruiting cyme

from Larut, Perak,—both of natural size; З, unopened flower; 4, flower, laid open; 5, stamens; 6, ovary ; 7, the same, cut transversely; 8, тіре coccus; 9, seed,—all enlarged.

G. K.

Axx. Roy. Вот. Garp Catc., Vor. IX,

PLATE 15. 15. ЕуорА PACHYPHYLLA King in Journ, As. Soc, Beng, lxi. 2, 210 (1894).

Natural order Kutaces.

A small tree 10—15 feet high; young branches flattened at the nodes, minutely rufous tomentose as are the petioles, midribs beneath, and peduncles of cymes; leaves 3-folio- late, the petiole 6—8 cm. long; leaflets very coriaceous, oval to elliptic, obtuse or sub- acute, the base slightly cuneate, the edges revolute when dry; upper surface glabrous shining, the lower pale, glaucous; main-nerves 8—12 pairs, subhorizontal, curving slightly, interarching within the edge, slightly prominent on the lower surface when dry, the midrib very prominent; length 6—9 cm., breadth 3—6 cm., petiolu'es 7:5—12:5 mm. ; cymes axillary, pedunculate, the branches few, short, close together; peduncles 2:5—4 cm. long; flowers white, 6 mm. long, in dense subglobular masses; sepals broadly ovate, acute, oli- vaceous-tomentose externally, glabrous internally; petals erect, ovate-lanceolate, pubescent on both surfaces, the edges glabrous; stamens not exserted; ovary glabrous; fruit of 9—8 cocci from each flower, sub-compressed, ovate, blunt, pale and puberulous externally, glabrous within; seed solitary, shining, black.

Maayan PENINSULA: Perak at elevations of 4,500—5,300 ft., оп Gunong Batu Pateh ; Wray 229! on Gunong Bramber Pahang; Wray 1571! on Gunong Вафа, near the top, common ; Scoríechini 732! Kunster 7432! Wray 3835!

Ртлтв 15. Evodia pachyphylla King. 1, flowering branch; 2, fruiting twig,—both from Gunong Bubu, and both of natural size; З, flower; 4, flower laid open; 5, ovary; 6, seed,—all enlarged,

Ө. K.

PLATE 16, 16. SANTIRIA LAXA King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxi. 2. 254 (1894).

Natural oraer Burseracez.

A tree 50—70 feet high; young branches, rachises of the leaves and the inflor- escence densely clothed with rusty, hispidulous, spreading and mostly deciduous hairs; leaves 2°5—5°5 dm. long, the stipules, if any, deciduous; leaflets 7—9, oblong to oblong- elliptic, sometimes slightly obovate, shortly and abruptly acuminate, the edges entire, the base often unequal-sided, cuneate; length 12:5—20 cm., breadth 4%5--65 cm., petiolule 10—19 mm.; both surfaces reticulate, the upper glabrous, the lower sparsely hispidulous, especially on the midrib and nerves; main-nerves 12—14 pairs, slightly prominent on the lower surface, spreading, curving, interarching near the edge; panicles usually much longer than the leaves, terminal, their branches short, lax, rather few-flowered, the ultimate branchlets glabrous, the larger hispidulous-pubescent ; flowers 8 mm. іп diam., glabrous, shorter than the slender, minutely bracteolate pedi- cels; culyz with 3 broad, spreading, very blunt teeth, much shorter than the corolla; petals 3, thick, slightly keeled on the back, ovate, obtuse; stamens 6, free, about as long as the petals, inserted on the outer margin of the 6-lobed cushion-like disk; anthers ovate, about as long as the thick, rather flattened filaments; rudimen- tary orary submerged in the disk, small, subcylindric, glabrous, as is the thick fluted style; stigma 3-lobed; female flowers unknown; ripe drupcs narrowly ellipsoid, trigonous,

18

one side wider and flatter than the other two, glabrous, 2°5—3°5 em. long, 1:5--2 cm. іп diam., stone thin. Canarium laxum 4. W. Benn. in Hook. f. Flor Brit. Ind. i, 535; Engler т DC, Моп. Phaner. iv, 139.

Maayan PENINSULA: Malacca; Maingay 366 К. D.! Perak; Kunstler 3192! 6 ! Penang; Curtis 1431! Pahang; Ridley 2451!

The drupes in this species have the remains of the stigma terminal and in this respect they agree technically with the diagnosis of Canarium. But they are not equally 3.sided as in that genus, one side being wider and much more rounded than the other two. The structure of the flover is not at all that of Canarium, and the species is therefore transferred to Saníiria.

Pirate 16.—Santiria laxa King. 1, flowering twig from Larut, Perak; 2, fruiting panicle from Pahang,—both of natural size; 3, flower, land open; 4, calyx with disk, the stamens removed; 5, rudimentary ovary of male flower,—al/ enlarged; 6, fruit, split open to show the thin sione; 7, seed,—of natural size.

G. K.

PLATE 17.

17. SaNTIRIA MACROCARPA King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxi. 2. 256 (1894).

Natural order Burseraces.

A glabrous tree, 40—70 feet high; young branches with brown, lentieular bark; leaves 1°25—2°25 dm. long, the rachis slightly flattened on the upper surface near the base; leaflets thinly coriaceous, oblong-elliptic to obovate or subrotund, very shortly and bluntly apiculate, the base cuneate, rarely rounded; main-nerves 7—8 pairs, spread- ing, slightly curved, interarching boldly, slightly depressed on the upper surface when dry, and subprominent on the lower; length 8—12 cm., breadth 5—7 em.; petiolues 1—1'25 cm., the terminal one 25 cm. ог more; panicles axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves, with distant lateral branchlets 1:25— 9-5 cm. long and bearing at their apices 2—6-flowered bracteolate cymules; flowers 5—6 mm. long ; sige thick, deeply cupular or subeampanulate, with 3 bold triangular lobes, glabrescent ; petals twice as long as the calyx, fleshy, glabrous, broadly oblong, very concave, the apex much thickened and deeply inflexed and the sides partly inflexed to form a kind of hood; stamens 6, the filaments shorter than the oblong anthers, lanceolate dilated at the base and inserted outsidé the quadrate lobes of the thin, ring ike disk; ovary ovoid-globose, glabrous, tapering into the short, thick style; stigma discoid ; irpe drupes obliquely ovoid, flattened on one side, glabrous, 3—4 cm. long, and About 2 cm. іп diam.; peduncle slender, 1:22--25 cm. long, scar of stigma terminal,

Maayan PENINsULA: Perak; Kunstler 5304! 5508! 7298!

PrarE 17,—Santiria macrocarpa King. 1, flowering branch; 2, fruiting twig, from Perak.— both of natural візе; 3, bud; 4, flower, laid open; 5, stamens; 6, ovary; 7, transverse section of ovary,—all enlarged; 8, fruit, laid open; 9, seed; 10, embryo, showing the remarkably laoiniate cotyledons,—of natural sise,

G. K,

14 | PLATE 18. 18. SANTIRIA OBLONGIFOLIA Bl. Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat, i. 211 (1850).

Natural order Burseracez.

A tree, 50—80 feet high; young branches pale, lenticellate, at first scurfy, after- wards glabrous; leaves 3—4"5 dm, long, their rachises terete, not winged at the base but slightly flattened, glabrous, the stipules, if any, deciduous; leaflets 7—9, thinly coriaceous, oblong, occasionally ovate-oblong or ovate, slightly inequilateral especially at the base; the apex very shortly, abruptly and bluntly acuminate, edges entire; base in the oblong forms subcuneate, in the ovate forms broad and rounded; upper surfaces glabrous and reticulate, olivaceous when dry, very minutely lepidote; main- nerves 10—13 pairs, in the ovate forms only 7—8 pairs, spreading, interarching near the edge; length 10—15 cm., the ovate forms shorter; breadth 4°5-—6 cm., petiolules 1'25—2 cm., the terminal one 4 cm.; panicles axillary or terminal, shorter than the leaves, pale-scurfy when young, divaricate, cymose, spreading, the flowers crowded near the extremities of the branches, ebracteolate; duds 2'5 mm. in diam., subglobular, about as long as the clavate pedicels; calyx campanulate, deeply cut into 3 round- deltoid, subconcave teeth, scurfy outside; petals subrotund with a truncate base, slightly concave, longer than the calyx, puberulous outside, glabrous inside; stamens 6, anthers oblong about as long as the filaments, the latter flattened, narrow, . inserted outside the glabrous, thin, fleshy, lobed disk; ripe drupes ovoid, ellipsoid or globose, flattened on one side, oblique, obscurely trigonous, glabrous, 2 cm. long and 1:25 cm. iu diam., the scar of the stigma at the apex of the flattened side. Engler in DC. Моп. Phaner, iv. 162 (1883); King, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. lxu. 2. 257 (1891). S. Maingayi A. W. Benn. in Hook, f. Flr. Brit. Ind. i. 588 (1875); Engler in DC. _ Mon. Phaner. iv. 165 (1883). Canarium oblongifolium Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 2. 645 (1859). С. Eupteron Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. 1. 2. 648 (1859). = Maaya PeNINSsOLA : Malacca; Maingay 310 K.D.! Perak, Goping; Kunstler 4321! Larut; Kunstler 5487! 6602! Thaiping; Kunstler 8472! Ulu Bubong; Kunstler 10265! 10448! 10927! Maray ARCHIPELAGO: Sumatra; Forbes 9981! Korthals, Diepenhorst! Java; Blume. Borneo; Mueller.

Blume’s original description, drawn up from specimens from Sumatra, Java and Borneo, suits this plant well. An authentic specimen of Canarium Eupleron Miq. shows that that species must be reduced here, as must also Santiria Матуау А. W. Benn., of which aspecimen collected by Maingay (310 К. D.) is the type. Canarium subrepanium Мід. is, according to its author, closely allied to С. Eupteron Miq., and should probably also be reduced here.

Pirate 18.—Santiria oblongifolia .اق‎ 1, flowering specimen from Larut, Perak; 2, fruiting panicle from Ulu Bubong; 3, leaflet of the ovate type, from Goping, Perak, —all of natural sise; 4, flower, laid open; 5, calyx and disk; 6, ovary,—wall enlarged; 7, fruit, laid open,—of natural size.

а. К. PLATE 19. 19. SANTIRIA LONGIFOLIA King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxii. 2. 258 (1894). Natural order Burseracez.

A tree 10—90 feet high; young branches very stout, 1:25—2 сш. thick, their bark brown, glabrous, lenticellate; aves 6—8 dm, long, glabrous; the rachises stout,

15

flattened below the lowest leaflets, not winged at the bases; leaflets 6--15 pairs, narrowly oblong, gradually tapering to the acuminate apex, the base oblique or rounded ; main-nerves 19—14 pairs, spreading, curved, not prominent; length 2:25—2 75 dm., breadth 4:5—6°5 em.; petiolules 1°5—2°5 cm., stout, enlarged at each end; flowers un- known; Jruiíing panicles much shorter than the leaves, 1—2 in the axil of a leaf, unequal, only 1—1:75 dm. long, glabrous, the branches short; ripe drupes ovoid, flat- tened on one side, the scar of the stigma terminal, glabrous, 2:5 сш. long, 1'5 em. in diam.

Maayan PENINSULA; Perak, Larut; Aunsiler 3594! 6838!

This is so very unlike any described species of Santirta that in spite of the absence of flowers on the only specimens hitherto communicated it seems desirable to name and describe it. The smali size of the tree and the large size of its leaves render its recognition in the genus easy.

Prate 19.—Santiria longifolia Hing. 1, branch, with smallest leaf communicated, and with panicles from which flowers have fallen; 2, fruiting panicle, with fruits barely ripe; 3, ripe fruit, laid open ; 4, seed,—all from Perak, and aZ of natural size.

@. Е.

PLATE 20. 20. SawTIRIA WRAYI King іп Journ, As. Soc, Beng, lxii. 2. 259 (1894).

Natural order Burseracez.

A tree, 20—30 feet high; young branches very thick, 1—1:25 cm. in diam.; leaves 3—7:5 dm. long, the rachises trigonous, channelled in the lower part and almost winged а% the base, puberulous; leaflets 13—15, membranous, oblong to elliptic-oblong, very shortly and bluntly acuminate; the base rounded, slightly oblique; upper surface shining, olivaceous when dry, the lower pale-brown, both glabrous and reticulate ; main-nerves 10—15 pairs, spreading, curved, slightly prominent beneath, length 1%5--2 dm., breadth 68—10 сш.; petiolules thickened at both ends, 1°25—2°5 cm. long, the terminal one more than twice as long; panicles 8—10 cm. long, several densely crowded in the axil of one leaf, ebracteolate, puberulous or glabrescent below, the ultimate branchlets scurfy rufous-puberulous; flowers 2'5—1 mm. long, shorter than the pedicels; calyz cupular, the mouth with 3 broad, shallow teeth, glabrous with a few hairs near the edge; petals valvate, rotund, glabrous, rather fleshy; stamens 6, the anthers ovate, longer than the flattened filaments which are inserted on the outside of the edge of the ring-like, fleshy, glabrous, corrugated disk; rudimentary ovary small, ovoid; female fuwers unknown: гір? drupes obliquely ovoid, slightly compressed, blunt at each end, 1:5—9 em, bon

glabrous, the scar of the stigma approximated to the peduncle, peduncle 1-95 cm. long

MaLAYAN PxNINSULA: Perak; Wray 1423! 2970! Scortechini 9095! Kunstler 3689! Allied to Santiria conferta A. W. Benn., but has larger leaves and Íruit, much less hairy panicles, and perfectly glabrous leaves. !

Piare 20.—Santiria Wrayi King. 1, flowering twig, fiom a specimen from Perk: 9 leaflet from another specimen; 3, fruiting panicle from a third specimen,—all of natural size ; b us the petals detached ; 5, disk, stamens and calyx seen from above; 6, rudimentary ovary ; 7, жәй سے‎ open, showing position of immature ceed. ,

6. К.

16 PLATE 21. 91. SaNrIRIA FLORIBUNDA King in Journ. As. Soc, Beng. lxii. 2. 254 (1894).

Natural order Burseracez.

A tree, 20—30 feet high; young braaches stout, scurfy, rusty-pubescent; leaves 6—9 dm. long, the rachises flattened aud channelled on the upper surface below the lowest leaflets, auricled at the very base, puberulous at first but speedily glabrous; leaflets 13 or 15 or 17, coriaceous, oblong, shortly acuminate, the base rounded, slightly unequal, glabrous on both surfaces, the midrib alone sometimes puberulous on the lower, reticulations minute, main-nerves 20—30 pairs, spreading, curving at the tips, only slightly interarching; length 2:25—5 dm., breadth 7—12'5 cm.; petiolules very stout, 1:25—2 em. long; panicle 6—9 dm. long, slender, much branched, striate, glabrous, bearing numerous, scattered, horizontal branchlets 1°25—4 cm. long, each with 2—3 3—5-flowered cymules; flowers 2:5 mm. long, their pedicels longer, unequal, slender, puberulous, with a few subulate bracteoles at the base, calyx flat, 3-angled, glabrescent ; petals erect, deltoid, fleshy, concave, keeled along the middle, glabrous externally; stamens 6, the filaments shorter than the oblong anthers, slightly dilated below, inserted on outer surface of the edge of a thick, fleshy, cupular disk; ovary small; style short, stout, 3-angled like the stigma; ripe drupes elliptic, apiculate, glabrous, 2 cm. long and 1:25 em. in diam., the peduncles slender, 1:25—2 ош. long, stigmatic scar terminal.

MaLavax PENINSULA: Perak, Larut; Kunstler 7510! 7632! 10151!

Prare 21.—Santiria floribunda King. 1, twig, with part of a leaf and of a flowering panicle ; 2, part of a fruiting panicle,—of natural size; 3, flower, before opening; 4, calyx, seen from above; 5, petals; 6, disk with stamens; 7, two stamens, removed ; b, ovary,—all enlarged.

у. Қ.

PLATE 22. 92. DYSOXYLUM RETICULATUM King in Journ. As. Soc. Peng. lxv. 9. 114 (1896).

Natural order Meliacee.

A tree, 50 feet high; young branches stout, striate, puberulous; leaves 9'95—1°5 du. long, even-pinnate; the petiole flattened in front, the rachis anglel, both puberulous ; leaflets 4—7 pairs, opposite or alternate, thinly coriaceous, oblong, slightly uuequal-sided, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate and often oblique; both surfaces glabrous and minutely reticulate, the lower glaucous when young, both pale when dry; length 8—18 cm., breadth 2°5—6 cm., petiolules 5—8 mm. long; racemes solitary, axillary, 1°5—2 dm. long, tawny-puberulous, bearing flowers from near the base; lowers broadly ovoid in bud, about 6:5 mm. long, rather remote, their pedicels about 5 mm. long, each with a subulate basal bracteole; cays cupular, with 4 remote teeth, glabrous, fleshy ; petals 4, three or four times as long as the calyx, elliptic, subacute, concave, hoary-puberulous on both surfaces; séaminal-tube cylindric, shorter than the petals, slightly inflated about the middle, the mouth with 8, shallow, emarginate teeth, hoary-puberulous externally, glabrescent internally, anthers 8, oblong, their apices much below the mouth of the tube; disk tubular, short, fleshy, glandular-pubescent, the mouth incuryed anl irregularly toothed; ovary depressed hemispheric, 3-angled, 3-celled with 2 ovules in each cell

{7

pubescent, tapering to {һе stout, subglabrous style; stigma slightly exserted, cylindric with a narrow basal annulus; ripe fruit broadly pyriform, the apex depressed, 8 cm. long and 6:5 em. in diam., rugulose when young, glabrous and smooth when adult, the pericarp crustaceous, 4 mm. thick; seeds 3-angled, the posterior surface concave, 3 cm. long.

EASTERN HIMALAYA: Sikkim, on the banks of the Ryang and Tista; King! 0۸0۰ Prazer !

The nearest ally of this species is D. binectariferrum Bedd., from which it differs conspicuously in its smaller flowers, different disk, and minutely reticulated leaflets.

Рглте 22.—Dysoxylum reticulatum Кіл. 1, flowering twig, from Ryang; 2, fruiting twig, from Tista,—both of natural size; 3, bud; 4, opened flower; 5, staminal tube; 6, disk; 7, anthers; 8, ovary,— ай enlarged; 9, dehiseing capsule; 10, seed, — both of natural size.

G. K.

PLATE 23. 23, LEPIDOPETALUM JackiANUM Radlk, т Siizb. Bayer. Acad. ix. 623 (1879).

Natural order Ѕаріпдасег.

A small tree with brittle wood; young branches puberulous, soon becoming glabrous ; leaves 1:5—3 dm. long, leaflets 2—10, subopposite, oblong ог ovate-oblong, sub- acuminate, the base rounded or cuneate, both surfaces shining, quite glabrous and finely reticulate; main-nerves 7—8 pairs, bold beneath, spreading; length 8—19:5 cm., width 8—5 cm.; petiolules 4 mm. long; racemes under 5 cm. long; flower-buds oval, pointed ; sepals ovate-lanceolate, green; petals white, minute, cordate, acute, each with a large scale connate to its margins ; stamens short, hypogynous, 8, filaments glabrous short, anthers oblong hirsute; ovary 2-celled; capsule not lobed, coriaceons, compressed, obovate, glabrous reddish-brown outside, hirsute bright scarlet within, minutely apiculate, 3 em. long and about 2 cm. wide, pedicel 5 mm. long; seed solitary, black, covered with mucilage amd embraced as to the lower third by а pink, cup-shaped, thick, fleshy arillus. Prain, Proc. As. Soc. Beng. (1891) 167; King, Journ. As. Soc. Deng. lxv. 2. 449 (1896). Connarus? Jackianus Wall. Cat. 8552 (1847). Cupania Jackiana Hiern in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. i, 678 (1875). :

Кісовавв: Car Nicobar; Jack! Prain! Kamorta; Kurz! Batti Мау; 70

Рлтв 23.—Lepidspetalum Jackianum Radlk. 1, fruiting branch from the Nicobars ; 2, seed,— both of natural size; 3, bud; 4, opened flower; 5, calyx and corolla, laid open; 6, stamens ¿nd ovary, the perianth removed; 7, sepal; 8, petal; 9, vertical section of petal; 10, stamen; 11, vertical

section of ovary, ~all somewhat enlarged. ie D, Р,

PLATE 24. 21. Acer Parttio King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxv. 9, 115 (1896).

Natural order Sapindaces, | 0ص0‎ | А small trce; the young branches at first rusty-tomentose, afterwards glabrous and with cincreous exfoliating bark; eaves simple, 5-lobed, the lobes caudate-acuminate —

Ann, Вот, Bor, Garp, Сале. Von, ІХ,

18

and unequally serrate-lobulate; the base in adult leaves subtruncate to subcordate, in the young leaves deeply cordate, the upper surface glabrous except the puberulous middle-nerve, the lower when young densely covered with flexuous hairs deciduous with age except on the nerves, the secondary nerves rather prominent beneath ; length 1—1:5 dm., breadth 1—1:25 dm., petiole 8—10 em. long; inflorescence a raceme- like, terminal or axillary rusty-tomentose panicle 8—10 cm. long; the branchlets cymose 2-flowered, about 9 mm. long; flowers 5 mm. in diam., on pedicels slightly longer than themselves ; sepals 5, oblong, subobtase, pubescent оп the nerves and edges; petals 5, oblanceolate-linear, glabrous except the pubescent claw; disk fleshy, with 8 large and 2 small quadrate lobes; stamens 8, inserted inside and between the lobes of the disk; anthers oblong, minutely warted; the filaments slightly flattened, glabrous; ovary rusty-tomentose, styles glabrous 2-fid; fruit З cm. long and the same in breadth at the apex, the wings obliquely and broadly rhomboid-triangular, the outer side of each the longest and the inner the shortest, slightly puberulous aad with bold forking veins, the nucule about 8 mm. in diam.

Eastern HIMALAYA: Sikkim, Lachung, 11,000—12,500 ft.; Hooker! G. А. Сатти! Phalut, 11,500 %.; 0. А, Gammie! Jongri, 12,000 ft.; King’s Collectors?

This species has been confused with A. pectinatum Wall. and A. caudatum Wall.; it is at ence distinguished from both by its paniculate inflorescence—that of A. caudatum being fasciculate, while that of A. pectinatum is a few-flowered, simple raceme. The wings of the samara of this are also rather broader than those of the other two. The disk of the flower in this species has 8 Jarge square lobes, but at two points which stand opposite to each other the disk has a fold in it and hidden in each of these folds there lies a small lobe. The disk is thus really 10-lobed, although at a superficial glance only 8 lobes are visible. |

Prate 24.—AÀ er Papilio King. 1, flowering branch, from Phalut; 2, fruiting twig, from Jongri,— both of natural size; 3, bracteole and bud; 4, flower; 5, flower, laid open; 6, stamens; 7, ovary ; 8, samara with the faces of each nucule removed; 9, seed, not quite mature,—a// enlarged except fig. 8, which is of natural size.

G. K.

PLATE 25. 95. SPONDIAS AXILLARIS Rozb. Hort, Beng. 34 (1814).

Natural order Anacardiacez,

An evergreen tree of the middle hill-forests in the Central and Eastern Himalaya, attaining a height of 30—35 metres, with a clear stem of 12—13 metres, 1—2 metres in diam, at 1:5 metres above level of soil; bark brown or reddish, peeling in long flakes; wood dark-pink, reddening on exposure, soft but durable; leaves alternate, nnequally pinnate, 25--4 dm. long, leaflets 13—17, opposite except the terminal, ovate- lanceolate, base cuneate on both sides or on lower side only and then rounded on the upper, apex acuminate to caudate, margin in leaves of young trees deeply gash-serrate, in half-grown trees beginning to bear flowers and fruit wide-serrate, in full-grown trees almost entire, 9—10 сш. long., 3—39:35 сш. wide, slightly puberulous on tho nerves beneath in young trees, glabrous on both surfaces when full-crown except for а few hairs in the angles of the main-nerves and midrib beneath, dark-green above, rather

19

paler beneath, nerves 6—8 pairs, not looped; lowers axillary or in axils of fallen leaves along branches, solitary, or two more rarely three on same peduncle, 6 mm. across ; peduncles 1:5 em. long, slender, glabrous, pedicels 3 mm.; ca/jyz green, 5-fid, lobes acute petals 5, white, elliptic, subacute; stamens 10, filaments short, subulate; dise annular, 10-lobed; ovary 5-celled with 5 short erect styles; ovules solitary, pendulous; drupes 3 cm. long, 2 cm. in diam., oval, rounded at apex, yellow, edible; putamen 5-celled with 5 eyes at top. Roxb. Flor. Ind. ii. 453 (1832); Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 42 (18767. S. acuminata Gamble, Trees. etc., in the Darjeeling Dist, Ed. 2. 25 (1896) not of Roxb. Cedrela Toona Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb. TT (1881); іп part, not of Roxb. С, Toona var, 3. Lapshi Gamble, Trees, еѓг., in Darjeeling Dist. 17 (1878). Cedrela sp. Gamble, Trees, etc., in Darjeeling Dist, Ed. 2, 17 (1896). Poupartia axillaris Praga Mss,

11181۸0۸۸۰: Nepal; Hamilton, fide Roxburgh, Sikkim; 1,000—3,000 ft.; Gamme! Manson ! King! Bootan, at Kalimpong, 4,500 ft.; Gamble 7323 1 Dumsong, 8—4,000 №; Prain ! Каснік Hitts: Sima, Sadon, etc. ; Prain’s collector !

This has long been a puzzling tree. It was known to have been introduced from Nepal into the Calcutta Garden in 1802 by Dr. Buchanan-Hamilton under the Nepalese name ‘Neema,’ and though the description given in the Flora таша, ii. 453, is very brief, Roxburgh left an excellent drawing representing a tree very near Spondias in the structure of flower, fruit and embryo. Roxburgh calls it “а small beuutiful Afelia-looking tree," a description which the Nepalese name ‘Neema,’ supplied by Buchanan-Hamilton, would suggest. Sir Joseph Hooker remarks on the fact that though Roxburgh describes the leaflets as ‘gash-serrate’ he figures them as obtusely serrate. In this we now know there is по real discrepancy; the leaflets of seedlings are deeply ‘gash-serrate’ and even іп a 4- years old plant they deserve to be so described; the leaflet shown on Plate 25, fig. 3, shows what all the leaflets on such a plant in the Caleutta Gardens are like, while the leaflets shown on the same Plate, fig, 2, shows what all the leaflets were like on the tree that yielded the seed from which the plant whose leaflets were ‘gash-serrate’ was raisel. This change in type of leaflet has however probably had a good deal to do with the difficulty there has been in identifying Roxburgh’s Spondias axillaris in the field; collectors have expected to find a small tree looking very like a. ‘Nim’ (Melia), which is what it does look like while it js still young, When full grown, however, it is a lofty tree that looks very like a “Тіп” (Cedrela) anl, as has been shown by Gamble (Trees, Shrubs, etc., of the Darjeeling District, p. 17), is often taken for a variety or perhaps distinct species of 14"

There have been long known to be one or more trees, very like Tún in appearance and qualities, passing under the name Zabshi or Lapshi in the Sikkim Himalaya, whose botanical identity was highly doubtful. Of one of these which he terms Labshi, Gamble has distributed specimens to various herbaria (бае р 2412) under the tentative name “ Melia composita Willd”, а species to which سن‎ certainly cannot be referred because the leaves, though twice pinnate, have not ot the secondary rachises opposed in pairs; moreover all tho leaflets aro alind It bas а red wood with the appearance and odour of Tún and has ee pras fruit, characters that it shares with Spondias azillaris, but the foliage makaj ¿a

Axx. Вот. Bor. Gaz». 0۸٥۵, Vor. IX,

20

identification with the Spondias as impossible as its identification with the Melie. What tbis large tree, represented by Gamble’s n. 2412, may be, is as yet not certainly known, though in the Darjeeling List, Ed. 2, 16 (1896) it is termed Melia dubia. Another tree, which he terms JLapshi, Gamble. treats tentatively in his first Darjeeling List as a variety of Fún; in his Manual of Indian Timbers, 78, where he terms it JLabshi, this is the only Labsh; that he recognises. This second .Labshi constitutes, moreover, Labshi as it is usually understood by the natives of Sikkim and British Bhutan. In the second edition of the Darjeeling List this is, at p. 17, very. justly removed from Cedrela Toona апа C. mi:rocarpa; as the list passed through the press it was added again under Spondias, though by a typogra- phieal error the name is given as S. azuminaía instead of 5. azillaris.

As regards the generic position of Roxburgh’s plant there is no doubt possible. It belongs to Commerson's genus Poupartia, which is merged in Spondias by Bentham and Hooker in Genera Plantarum, i. 426, but which Engler in DC. Mon. Phaner. has, in our opinion and in that of Hemsley (Zones Plantarum +. 2557), justly restored. If the view which we, in common with these distinguished botanists, hold, be correct, the true name for this Roxburghian species is therefore Poupartia avillaris. Our present purpose being, however, to make botanists fully acquainted with the plant of Roxburgh, we have deemed it preferable to publish Roxburgh's own figure and give here а full description of the plant under Roxburgh’s own name. I; should, however, be added that, so far as can be judged from the excellent figure of Poupartia Fordit Hemsl., Icon, Plantar. t. 2557 (1899), there is no character whereby that plant, which is a native of Hong-Kong, can be distinguished from the Eastern Himalayan Poupartia axillaris, and the suspic:on that the two may be the same is greatly strengthened by the fact that the native collectors of the Calcutta Garden have recently sent specimens and quantities of seed of the Himalayan tree from the intermediate locality of the Kachin Hills,

Prate 25.—Spondias axillaris orb. 1, branch, with leaves and flowers, from Roxburgh’s original drawing; 2, single leaflet from a large tree growing on the ‘Cinchona Plantation at Mungpoo, Sikkim; 3, single leaflet, young, froma plant 4 years old in the Calcutta Garden, raised from seed yielded by the tree bearing the leaflet of fig. 2; 4, flower, laid open, from Roxburgh’s drawing; 5 and 6, ovary, cut transversely and vertically, from Roxburgh’s drawing; 7, fruit; 8, the same, cut transversely; 9, seed—from m drawing. Figs. 4, 5, 6 are enlarged, the others are of natural size.

OG RES D. Р.

PLATE 26. 90, "TArNIOCHLAENA DIRMANNICA Prain in Journ, As. Soc. Beng, Ixvii, 2, 982 (1898). Natural order Соппатасеге,

A shrub with round, puberulous branchlets and minutely lenticelled bark: leaves unequally pinnate, 15—20 еш, long, leaflets 2—3 pairs increasing upwards, the terminal the largest 8—19 сш. long, 4 cm. wide, the others 4—7 em. long, all oblong-lanceolate

21 with apex caudate-acuminate and emarginate, base of terminal equally of others slightly unequally cuneate, margin entire, firmly subcoriaceous, puberulous above along the somewhat impressed midrib elsewhere quite glabrous, secondary nerves about six pairs, slender but distinct, ascending and looped within margin, intermediate reticulations fine but distinct, especially beneath ; rachis about 8 em. long, puberulous as are the petiolules 4 mm, long; flowers in short axillary racemes or congested panicles, 4—5 cm. long, bracts minute, pedicels 10—12 mm. long; calyx rounded at base, lobes 5, oblong, acute, valvate, reflexed іп fruit, 6 mm. long, 2°5 mm. wide; petals not seen; stamens 10, alternately short and long, hardly connate at base; carpels 5 sessile, style somewhat elongated, puberulous, slightly excentric ; capsules 1—3 in each flower, sessile, ovoid, slightly apiculate, dull-brown outside, pale-tawny within, glabrous both outside and inside, 1°5 em, long, 1 cm. wide; seed single, oblong, the lower half enclosed within an adnate aril, 12 mm. long, 7 mm. wide, testa claret-red, shining.

Каснік Hints: СасиНа Garden Collector !

This plant much resembles the only other known species, Taniochlena Grifithi Hook. f, from Malacca, but that species has differently shaped leaflets and a capsule pubescent externally.

Prate 26,—Teeniochlena birmannica Prain. 1, twig with flowers and fruits, ——of natural size; 2, flower x 2; 8, the same, calyx-lobes detached x 2; 4, stamens x 4; 5, ovary x 4; 6, the same, cut open x 4; 7, ovule x 4; 8, fruit,—of natural size; 9, capsule cut open, showing seed in situ,—of natural size ; 10, seed, cut vertically,—-of natural size.

БОЕ.

PLATE 97, 27. INDIGOFERA SQUALIDA Prain in Journ, Аз. Soc, Beng, lxvi, 2, 355 (1897). Natural order Leguminose, |

An undershrub, 1-5-3 feet high, branching only near the base, persistently sparsely adpressed grey-pubescent ; leaves simple, sessile or subsessile, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute or obtuse, stipules linear, subulate, petiole *5—2 mm. long, lamina chartaceous, 4—5 сш. long, 2 cm. across; flowers 12—18, in small, sessile, congested, axillary racemes, 6—15 mm. long; calyx 1 mm. long, white, pubescent, teeth long, setaceous; corolla purple, twice as long as calyx; standard pubescent; pod deflexed, straight, tetragonous, yalves slightly adpressed-puberulous, not torulose; seeds about 8, smooth, subreniform,

Burma: Shan Hills, at Koni and Fort Stedman; Calcutta Collectors ! The leaves of this species are not unlike those of J, Brunoniana Wall, but are

much smaller; the habit, inflorescence and pods are practically those of the otherwise very different 1, ¢rifuiata Linn, |

Prate 27.—Indigofera squalida Prom. 1, flowering plant, and 2, fruiting branch,—both from Fort Stedman and both of natural size; 3, flower-bud; 4, flower; 5, calyx, laid open; 6, standard ; 7, wings; 8, keel; 9, stamens; 1o, anther; ll, ovary; 12 and 13, pods; 14, seed,—ai? variously magnified.

DE

52 ФӘ

PLATE 28. 98, INDIGOFERA BELLA Prain in Journ. As. Soc, Beng. lxvi, 2, 855 (1897).

Natural order Leguminose.

A shrub, 8—12 feet high, branches long, virgate, slender, glabrous, slightly 4-angled ; leaves odd-pinnate, leaflets 7—9, large, 8 сш. long, 4:5 cm. wide, ovate-acute, apiculate, quite glabrous above, very sparsely puberulous and glaucous beneath, rigidly chartaceous, veins 10—12 pairs, slender but rather conspicuous beneath; stipules linear, deciduous, 2 mm, long, stipels setaceous subpersistent; leaf-rachis deeply channelled above, 10—12 em. long, petiolules 5 mm. long; racemes axillary, 10—20 ст. long, becoming bare ut base but not truly peduncled, copiously close-flowered; flowers shortly pedieelled ; calyx campanulate, З mm: long, teeth short, deltoid; corolla "white, 1:5 cm, long, standard thinly pubescent externally twice as long as broad, claw short base truncate apex obtuse, wings lanceolate; pod 5 cm. long, cylindric with thickened sutures 4 mm. thick, glabrous, tip very abruptly upturned; seeds many, tessaroid, 2 mm. long, l'ó mm, wide and thick, testa reddish-brown.

Burma: Myingyin Hills; Prazsr 1 Kalay Hills; Prazer! Респ; Kurz!

A very handsome species that ought to prove welcome when introdueed into gardens, Its nearest ally is а Chinese plant (Henry п. 3865) which does not appear to have received a name.

Prate 28.—Indigofera bella Prain, 1, portion of branch from flowering specimen from Kalay Hills, Upper Burma,—of natural віс; 2, calyx, laid open x 2; 3, stindard x 2; 4, wings x 2; 5, keel x 2; 6 and 7, staminal sheath and vexillary stamen x 2; 8, ovary x 2; 9, portion of branch from specimen in fruit, from South Myingyin Hills, —of natural size ; 10, seed x 4,

D. Р.

PLATE 29. 29. INDIGOFERA HAMILTONII Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5465 (1830), |

Natural order Leguminose.

A low undershrub, burnt down annually by the forest fires, branches 5—8 in., thinly coated with adpressed hairs; leaves 2°5—6-5 em. long, leaflets oblong, usuall у 3, rarely 5, opposite except the terminal, 1:5—2 cm. long, 1—1:5 em. wide, membranous, pale-green, sparsely adpressed-pubescent on both surfaces, petiole 15 em. long and rachis glabrous, stipules small, lanceolate, caducous; petiolules 9:5 mm., stipels minute, subulate, very caducous; racemes usually all springing from the woody stock, clustered, rather long- peduncled, 20—30 cm. long, Bowers throughout scattered, bracts caducous, lanceolate. TU shorter than the very short pedicels; calyz 2 mm. long, obliquely wide-campanulate, teeth wide-deltoid ; corolla under 1 ст. long, pale-purple with darker lines; pod ligulate, straight, not turgid, 9—12 seeded, 3°5 em, long, 4 mm. wide, 2 mm. thick; séeds йени? compressed. I. atropurpurea Baker in Hook. f. Рот. Brit, Ind. її. 101 (1876) £n port, not of Ham. I. juncea Ham. Mss, not of Del. :

N. W, Provinces: Gorakhpur; Hamilton in Wall. Cat. 5405! Duthie’s Collector f Oudh, Kheri; Duthie’s Collector ! (Herb, Saharanpur nn. 21518, 21519, 21520.)

23

This very interesting plant was first collected in the Gorakhpur Dist. by Buchanan- Hamilton in 1814, but was not again communicated till re-discovered by the Saharanpur Collectors іп 1898 both in Gorakhpur and in Kheri. Hamilton’s specimens, which have no leaves, were referred by Baker to Т. aíropurpurea, with the flowers of which those of Hamilton’s plant closely agree. Kurz, however, from a MSS. reference in Herb. Calcutta, was unable to agree with Baker’s reduction, and the fine suites of specimens obtained in 1898 show that the reduction is at least premature; Duthie’s nn, 21518 and 21519 are both exactly like Hamilton’s original specimens; his п. 21520 has longer leafy stems about 1°5 ft. high with the uppermost leaves with 5 leaflets and with racemes in the axils of these leaves that have rather longer peduncles than the racemes springing close from the ground.

This plant adds another to the interesting group including Grewia sapida Roxb. (G. nana Wall.), Combretum nanum Ham., Erythrina resupinata Roxb., and others of the same habit, that are burnt down annually by forest fires; it may be that all of them are only modi- fied forms of species which, when allowed to grow freely, have quite another habit and bear another name. In this case, however, it is too soon yet to say what the actual species may be; in any case, to judge from the different bracts and fruits and the leaves with much fewer leaflets, that species would appear not to be 1. atropurpurea.

Pirate 29.—Indigofera Hamiltonii Grah. 1, flowering plant from Marha in the Kheri dist., Oudh; 2, plant in fruit from Shurpur in the Gorakhpur dist.,—of natural візе; 3, flower; 4, standard; 5, 5’, wings; 6, keel; 7, 8, stamens,—ai/ somewhat enlarged; 9, pod, opened,—of natural size; 10, seed; 11, embryo—exlarged,

9. FU D. Р.

PLATE 30. 30. MILLETTIA UNIFOLIATA Prain in Journ, As. Soc. Beng, lxvi. 2. 93 (1897).

Natural order Leguminosae.

A handsome spreading tree, 30—40 ft. high, trunk 1 ft. in diam., branches glabreus ; leaves consisting of a solitary terminal leaflet, petiolulate, ex-stipellate, obovate-oblong or lanceolate, entire, apex acute rarely caudate, base cuneate, thickly membranous, shining above, dull beneath, midrib prominent beneath, main-nerves 6—9 pairs, ascending, hardly more prominent then the distinct secondary nervation; glabrous, p2tiolule 6 mm. long, directly articulating with branch; racemes in very slender axillary panicles, shorter than the leaflets, 7-5—10 cm. long, 6—10 mm. across; individual racemes short, 3—5-fid., separated from each other by intervals 2:5 cm. long; peduncles and pedicels glabrous; calyx Š mm. long, glabrous externally, campanulate, 2-bracteolate at base, bracteoles minute, ovate-lanceolate, teeth hirsute within, shorter than tube; corolla pure white, 2 сш long, standard orbicular, 2-auriculate at base of lamina, glabrous externally ; stamens monadelphous in a sheath split along the vexillary side; ovary puberulous; pod linear, 15 em. long, 2:5 em. wide, flat, rather woody, tapering to both ends, finely pale yellow- ish-velvety externally. Kraunhia unifoliata Руа Mss.

Maayan PENINSULA: Perak; very common; Curtis! Seorteehini! Wray! Kunstler!

Closely related to М. albiflora, but differing from all the hithertc known Millettias in having 1-foliolate leaves, | !

24

Рілте 30.—Millettia unifoliata Prain. 1, flowering branch, from Perak; 2, unopened pod; 3, pod after dehiscence,x—all of natural size; 4, calyx, laid open; 5, vexillum; 6, alae; 7, сагта; 8, stamina] sheath; 9, stamens; 10, ovary; 11, the same, laid open; 12, ovules,—al/ variously enlarged.

AK Е.

PLATE 81. 31. MILLETTIA ALBIFLORA Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 92 (1897).

Natural order Leguminosce.

A handsome spreading tree, 80—50 ft, sometimes 80 —100 ft. high, trunk 9—3 ft. in diam., branches glabrous; (aves up to 3 dm, long, leaflets terminal and іп 2—3, more rarely 1, opposite pairs, shortly petiolulate, exstipellate, elliptic-lanceolate, entire, apex caudate, base cuneate, 12—24 ст. long, 5—65 em. wide, lowest pair rather smaller, thickly membranous, shining above, dull beneath, nerves 6—9 pairs, ascending, rather prominent, midrib very prominent, quite glabrous, petiolules 5 mm. long; racemes in very long, narrow, axillary panicles towards ends of branches, 3—7 dm. long, 6—7 cm. across; the individual racemes subfastigiate, 10—15 ст. long with 10—12 solitary, short-pedieelled flowers ; pedicels 4 mm, long, rusty-puberulous like the peduncles and main-rachis; calyx 6 mm long, rusty-puberulous, tube campanulate rather longer than the triangular teeth, the two upper teeth connate, emarginate; corolla pure white, 2 cm. long, standard orbicular, 2-auriculate at base of lamina, glabrous externally; vezillary filament extending half-way up the sheath or at length free on one side only or on both; ovary puberulous; pod linear 1:75—3 dm, long, 4—5 сш. wide, straight, flat, rather woody, uniformly soft brown-velvety. Kraunhia albiflora Prain Mss,

Maayan PENINSULA: Perak, very. common; Scortechini! Kunstler! Wray y! Ridley! Pahang; Ridley !

Prate Sl.—Millettia albiflora Prain.. 1, twig with leaf and flowers; 2, twig with fruit, from Perak—loth of natural size; 3, calyx, laid open; 4, vexillum; 5, alae; 6, carina; 7, staminal sheath; 8, stamens; 9, ovary; ‘10, the same, laid open; 11, ovules,—a/! enlarged; 12, seed, unripe, showirg the much thickened funiculus—of natural size,

a, ЕС

PLATE 82. 89. Милета STIPULARIS Prain ia Journ. As. Soc. Peng. xvi, 2, 363 (1897)

Natural отт Legiminose.

A shrub, 8 feet high, with ash-grey bark and with short, conical, raceme- hearing processes in the axils of fallen leaves; laves 6 аш. long with glabro „rachis, clustered at apex of stem, leaflets 17—19, upper oblong, or of upper cuneate, apex rounded FT abruptly нау caudate, exstipellate, glabrous on both surfaces, green, shining above, dull beneath, midrib and 8—10 pairs of lateral nerves. prominent beneath, lowest. leaflets 8 cm. long, 4 em. wide, terminal and upper pairs 15 -20 cm. long, 6 cm. wide; petiolules 6 iam. ; stipules largo

lowok ovate, base rounded

25

obliquely oblong, acute, 2°25 сш, long, 6 mm. wide, persistent ; racemes 1—3 from each papilla, 7—12 ст. long, 10—15-fld.; flowers shortly pedicelled, usually solitary on small produced nodes showing traces of 3—5 abortive or fallen flowers ; ca(yz 3 mm. long, rusty-puberulous; corolla purple, standard orbieular, 7—8 mm. long, emarginate, exter- nally slightly pubescent, exauriculate; stamens monadelphous ; mature pod quite glabrous, linear-oblong, straight or slightly falcate, rigidly coriaceous, 7—10 cm. long, 1—9 em. broad, MALAYAN ARCHIPELAGO + Sumatra, В. Roepit, 200 Ғы; Forbes 2948!

Prarg 31.—Millettia stipularis Prat. 1, apex of stem with leaf; 2, portion of stem with racemes of buds and young fruit; 38, portion of stem with ripe fruits, of natural size; 4, bud; 5, calyx, laid open; 6, standard; 7, wings; 8, keel; 9, staminal sheath; 10, ovary; 11, the same, opened; 12, ovule,—all enlarged.

DP. PLATE 33.

33, URARIA PRUNELLAEFOLIA (ғай. in Wall. Cat. 5686 (1830).

Natural order Leguminose.

A herb with woody base; stems 8—16 in. high, erect, sparsely pubescent ; laves 1-foliolate, leaflet oblong or lanceolate, obtuse or acute, rounded or truncate at the base, 6—10 cm. long, 1:5—3 cm. wide, petiole 3—6 mm. long, hirsute on veins and nerves especially beneath; flowers in simple terminal racemes of fascicles 5 em. long; pedicels bristly pubescent, slender, 1—1:25 cm. long, bracts lanceolate, deciduous; calyz З таш. long, campanulate, bristly teeth lanceolate, lower twice as long as the upper; corolla blueish, 5 mm. long, standard shorter than keel; pod 5—6- jointed, joints sparsely puberulous, black, opaque, spiral or hamate, not folded within the calyx; seeds subreniform, Bak. іп Hook. f. Рог. Brit. Ind. ii. 7 (1876). Hedysarum hamatum Herb. Нат. ez Wall, IL с. (1830).

N.-W. HiwaLayA: Kamaon, Ramganga Bridge, 3,000 ft.; Thomson 1159! Осрн: Pilibhit; Duthie’s Collector! Kheri; Duihie’s Collector! Gorakhpur; Duthies Co:ectcr! E. HIMALAYA : Grifith. Assam: Brahmaputra Valley; С. Mann! Fisher ! Khasia, at Nya Bungalow, 3,500 ft.; Clarke 38131! Kacuin His: near Myitkyina; Prain’s Collector 114! ` i | Puare 33.— raria prunellhefolia Grah. 1, flowering plant collected in the Pilibhit Dist. (Duthie n. 21489); 2, fruiting plant collected in the Gorakhpur Dist. (Duthie n. 21490),—of natural size ; 9, flower; 4, flower, laid open; 5, standard; 6, wings and keel; 7, staminal sheath; 8, ovary and vexillary stamen ; 9, part of a pod; 10, joint of pod, laid open; 11, seed, showing

hilum; 12, embryo. ФАТЫР,

PLATE 34,

94. CRUDDASIA INSIGNIS Prat in Journ. As. бос. Beng. lxvii. 2. 287 (1898).

Natural order Leguminose. | ‚ А climber with slender stems, rather closely covered with a short, reflexed, adpressed, tawny pubescence; ‘aves pinnately 5-foliolate, 20—30 сш. long, petioles 5—10 сш.

Анх. Вот. Вот, Garp, Carc, Vor. ІХ,

26

and common rachis 4 em. long, channelled above and closely covered with shorf, reflexed, adpressed pubescence, petiolules short, adpressed-pubescent, leaflets ovate- lanceolate, apices acute, bases cuneate, margins entire, 8—15 cm. long, 4--7 cm. wide, chartaczous, glabrous above, adpressed-puberulous beneath, reticulately veined between the 12—15 pairs of rather prominent secondary nerves, midrib closely adpressed- pubescent and prominent beneath; stipels filiform, 1:5 mm. long, stipules rigid, spinulose- setaceous, 5 mm, long, developing before the leaves, basifixed, caducous; flowers fascicled on axillary racemes 20—30 cm. long, with nodiform rachis; the peduncles 5—8 cm, long, the nodes about 4 mm. apart; bracts and bracteoles minute, caducous; calyz 5 mm. long, adpressed-pubescent, tube campanulate as long as the teeth, the two upper teeth connate in a very shortly 2-dentate upper lip, the three lower triangular of equal width but the lateral pair rather shorter than the central; petals purplish, 1°25 cm. long, standard suborbicular retuse at apex, silky externally, 1 сш. wide, wings oblong-ovate, slightly adherent at base to cymbiform keel; stamens 10, monadelphous, anthers uniform; ovary sessile, many-ovuled, densely silky; style inflexed, glabrous except round the capitate stigma where it is shortly sparsely penicillate; pod 8 em. long, 8 mm. wide, flat, coriaceous, slightly adpressed-puberulous, and faintly depressed between the 10—12, suborbicular, compressed, estrophiolate, pale-greenish, smooth seeds with ovate hilum, 6 mm. long. and 4 mm. wide. Sc. Mem. Med. Of. India xi. 42 (1898).

Upper Burma: Kachin Hills, 3—5000 feet elev., at Sima, Naku, and elsewhere; Calcutta Garden Collector !

This species might with almost equal propriety be referred to the subtribe Galactica, especially to the section Collæa of the genus Galactia itself where also the vexillary stamen is connate with the remaining nine, or to the subtribe Diocke, especially to the genus Pueraria of which it exhibits most of the characters though it differs very markedly in having 5-foliolate leaves. From both Galactia $ Collea and Pueraria our plant, however, differs still more markedly in having the style bearded round the stigma after the fashion of certain of the Huphaseolee, and. it seems therefore preferable to treat it as the type of a distinct genus, bearing to the other Dioclee very much the relationship that Clitoria bears to the rest of the Glycine.

Prare 34,—Cruddasia insignis Prain. 1, enl of а branch with axillary inflorescence; 2, in- fruitescence—of natural size; З, bud; 4, flower; 5, calyx, laid open; $, staminal sheath; 7, ovary; 8, the same, laid open; 9, ovule—al? enlarged; 10, seed-—of natural sise. Specimens from Sima, Kachin Hills.

D P;

PLATE 35. 35. KuwsrLERIA Кїхєп Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng, lxvi. 9. 110 (1897)

Natural order Leguminose.

А very extensive climber over 100 feet long, with slender branches; bark brown lenticular j; 4120063 12—20 cm. long, pinnately 3-foliolate; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, 10—15 сш. long, 4—5 см. wido; apex acute, bases of lateral leaflets rounded, of central, rather the longer, shortly cuneate, latcral nerves ascending, 5—6 pairs, rather

27

prominent like tle midrib beneath, margin entire, firmly chartaceous, pale-green, glabrous on both surfaces, petiole glabrous, 4—6 ст. long, petiolules glabrous, 2'5 mm. long, marginally attached; flowers in copious terminal and axillary panicles 20—30 cm. long, 19—20 cm. across, rachis and branches rusty-pubescent; nodes not swollen, pedicels solitary, pubescent, 1 mm. long; calyx campanulate, densely pubescent, 2 mm, long, the two upper teeth connate in а broadly deltoid lip bifid at tip, the others triangular almost as long as the tube; corolla dark-purple, 6 mm. long, standard ovate-oblong, entire, keel boat-shaped the petals slightly cohering; séamens 2-adelphous the upper one quite free from those of the keel-sheath and slightly adnate at base to standard claw; anthers versatile, uniform, free portions of fila- ments alternately long and short; ovary sessile, usually 2-ovuled, style slightiy incurved, filiform, stigma capitate; pod thin, flat, densely brown pubescent and distinct- ly reticulated, 5—10 cm. long, 15 cm. wide, 1—2-seeded ; seeds oblong, 3°25 em. long, 1°25 cm. wide, cotyledons thin and leaflike, testa very dark brown, faintly rugose externally, thinly chartaceous.

MALAYAN PENINSULA : Perak, at Larut, Kunstler nn. 3830! 6870! 6935 1

The genus Kunstleria was founded by the writer to accommodate 5 evidently congeneric Malayan species with the habit of Spatholobus and with the calyx and almost the corolla of that genus. This new genus however differs from Spatholobus in having its flowers solitary instead of fascicled on tumid nodes; in having ex- stipellate leaflets varying in number in different species from 1—7 ; in the present species only one of the many specimens sent by Kunstler had a leaf with a solitary leaflet all the other leaves being 3-foliolate. Another point of difference between 7:06 and Spatholobus is that the pods of the former are quite indehiscent with the seeds situated centrally and not terminally ; in this respect therefore Kunstlerta is not dis- tinguishable from Lonchocarpus. From Lonchocarpus, however, Kunsileria differs іп having unfascicled flowers, in having a toothed calyx and in having diadelphous stamens. As regards inflorescence Kunstleria agrees exactly with the species of Derris that constitute the section Aganope and agrees moreover with that group of species in having the vexilary stamen free. But here again Kunsileria differs in having a wingless pod and a toothed calyx, and in having the free stamen slightly adnate to the standard claw. With the calyx of Spatholobus therefore we find combined in Kunstleria the pod of Lonchocarpus and the inflorescence of Aganope. The genus is dedicated to the memory of the late Herr H. H. Kunstler.

Prate 35.—Kunstleria Kingii Prain. 1, flowering branch; 2, fruiting branch—both of natural sisê ; 9, calyx, laid open; 4, standard; 5, 6, wings; 7, keel; 8, stamens; 9, ovary; 10, the same, laid open; 11, оуше--ай enlaryed; 12, pod; 18, всей; 14, vertical section of seed—of

D. Р, PLATES 36—39.

DYsoLoBruM Prain tn Journ. Аз. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 425 (1897).

Natural order Leguminose. | Twiners, usually woody, with 3-foliolate stipellate leaves; flowers in copious axillary racemes, bracteoles inconspicuous, deciduous; calyz campanulate, the lower

Ann. Вот. Вот. Garp, Carc, Vor. IX.

28

tooth laneeolate longer than the rest but shorter than the tube, the upper two teeth connate; corolla much exserted, keel beaked and sometimes distinctly curved and laterally deflexed ;. stamens diadelphous, anthers un'form ; ovary sessile many-ovuled, style filiform bearded below the oblique stigma; pod thick, woody, subterete, oblong, villous, very markedly septate, with double partitions between the velvety seeds.— Species 4, Indian. : |

The firm septate pods and the hirsute seeds mark this as one of the most natural and definite genera withiu the whole tribe Phaseolide.

Key to the species.

. Flowers large, racemes long-peduncled, lax ; pod closely velvety, keeled along suture but not winged ; seeds sparsely velvety :— Leaflets rather firmly chartaceous, hirsute on the nerves beneath ; flowers

over 1-5 in. long ; keel with a long, laterally deflexed beak ... D. grande, Leaflets membranous, glabrescent ; flowers “6 in. long; keel-beak not deflexed ... «xà wei А vat ... D. lucens,

Flowers small, :3 in. long or less, racemes short-peduncled, dense; pod softly hirsute with long hairs; seeds densely velvety; beak of keel not deflexed :—

Leaflets roundish ; pod neither keeled nor winged 222 ... D. dolichoides. Leaflets lanceolate ; pod subquadrangular, prominently winged along the angles .. -— “+ oe 2. es D. tetragonum. DT PLATE 36,

86. DYSOLOBIUM GRANDE Prain $n Journ. As, Sor. Benz. lxvi. 2. 427 (1897).

А wide-twining woody-stemmed climber ; laves 3-foliolate, 3—5'75 dm. long, rachis below lateral leaflets 15—18 cm., beyond them 4 cm. long ; leaflets chartaceous, all roundish-cuspidate, acuminate, pubescent on nerves beneath, lateral 12—15 сш, long, 8—9 em. wide, base oblique, terminal 18—:2 cm. Jong, 11—12 em. wide, base rounded, 3-nerved at base, stipels 4 mm. long, subulate, petiolules 6 mm. long; racemes 9:5--4 dm. long, 20 —30-flowered, peduncles woody, terete, 15—18 cm. long; pedicels 4—6 mm, long, bracteoles roundish, minute, adpressed ; сауд 12 mm. long, finely silky ; corolla reddish-purple, standard orbicular-cordate, 2*5 em. wide, keel pro- duced in a narrow, laterally decurved, faleate beak 15 mm, long ; pod subcylindrie; woody, straight, 15—18 em. long, 2 cm. wide, deeply channelled along both sutures, densely velvety; seeds longer than broad, 15 mm. long, 10 mm. wide, sparsely velvety. Phaseolus grandis Ham. т Wall. Cat. 5602 (1830); Benth. in РІ, Jungh. 1. 239, footnote (1855), vot Phaseolus grandis Dalz. P. velutinus буа), in Wail. Cat 5615 (1830) ; Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 20% (1876. Canavalia grandis [ Wall, Mss.]; Kurz in Journ. Аз. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2. 185 (1874) and xlv. 2, 959 (1877).

EASTERN HIMALAYA : Sikkim, lower hill forests; Anderson ! Prain! submontane forests of Terai; Kurz! and Duars; Prain! Assam: Goalpara, etc.; Hamilton ! Jenkins ! Masters 7 Clarke ! Khasia, lower hill forest; Clarke ! Burma: Shan Hills; King’s Collectors ! Taoung Doung Міз,; Wallich !. Kachin Hills; Prain’s Collector! Cuwa: Yunnan; Anderson 7

Рілтв 36.—Dysolobium grande Prain. 1, twig with leaf and flower, from Shan Hills; 2, raceme with young fruit, from Sikkim; 3, pod, with ripe seeds, from Gauhati, Assam ; 4,

calyx ; 5, standard; 6, wings; 7, keel; 8, staminal sheath; 9, vexillary stamen; 10, ovary; 11, the same laid open; 12, ovules; 13, seed,—a// of natural size. D.

PLATE 37. 97. Пузотовшм Lucens Prain in Journ. As. ос. Beng. lxvi. 2. 497 (1897),

А wide-twining perennial climber with woody stem ; leaves 3-foliolate, 1:5—3 dm. long, rachis below lateral leaflets 5—12 сш., beyond them 1 cm, long, leaflets membranous, ovate-acute, glabrous or nearly so, lateral 8--10 cm. long, 4—5 cm. wide, terminal 10—15 em. long, 6—9 cm. wide, stipels 3 mm, long, subulate, petiolules 5 mm, long ; racemes 1—2 dm, loug, 12—15-fld., peduncle woody, terete, 5—10 em. long, pedicels 3—4 mm. long, bracteoles ovate, minute; calyr 6 mm. long, glab- rescent ; corolla reddish-purple, standard ovate-cordate, 12 mm. wide, keel produced in 4 short spur, slightly faleate not laterally decurved, 3 mm. long ; pod subcylindric, woody, straight, deeply channelled along both sutures, densely velvety, 12—18 cm. long, 9 em. wide; seeds broader than long, 8 mm. long, 12 mm. wide, sparsely velvety. Phaseolus lucens Wall. Cat. 5601 (1830); Benth, in Pl, Jungh, 239, footnote (1855). Canavalia lucens Kurz іп Journ, As. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2. 185 (1874) and xlv. 9. 252 (1877). Vigna lucens Bak. in Hook. کر‎ Flor, Brit, Ind, її. 207 (1876). Phaseolus grandis Herb. Ind. Or. Н. f. $ Ty not of Wall. nor of Dalz.

CHITTAGONG : Hooker & Thomson ! Burma : Реби; Kurz 2550! Rangoon; Cleghorn 1 Tavoy; Gomez!

PLATE 37.—Dysolobium lucens Pratn. 1, twig with leaf and unripe fruits from Pegu; 2, twig with ripe pod from Rangoon; 3, seeds,—all of natural sise; 4, bud; 5, full-sized flower before opening ; 6, opened flower; 7, the same dissected, 8; stamens; 9, ovary,--all from a Тауоу speci- men and of natural size.

ЮР.

РГАТЕ 38. 38. 0800200 DOLICHOIDES Prain in Journ. Аз. Soe. Deng. lxvi. 2. 427 (1897).

А wide-twining climber with woody pubescent stems; laves 3-foliolate, 1°5—2°5 dm. long, rachis below lateral leaflets 85—19 cm., beyond them about 2 em. long, leaflets membranous, rhomboid-ovate, obtusely pointed, densely hirsute like the rachis, especially below, lateral 7—8 cm. long, 5 em. wide, base oblique, terminal 8—10 cm. long, 7—8 сш. wide, stipels 3 mm. long, subulate, petiolules 5 mm. long ; racemes 5—7 сш. leng, 12—20-fld., peduncle terete, pubescent, 1—9 сш. long, pedicels 2—3 mm, long, bracteoles ovate, minute; сах 3 mm. long, adpressed-pubescent; corolla reddish purple, standard orbicular-cordate, 1 cm. wide, keel prolonged into a distinct besk; pod subtorulose, woody, straight, not channelled along the sutures, . densely softly birsute, 7—8 em. long, 1:5 em. wide; seeds rather broader than long 6 mm. long, 8 mm. wide. Phaseolus dolichoides Rozë, Hort. Beng. 54 (1814); Flor. | Ind, їй. 290 (18:2); Wall, Cat. 5600 (1830, ; Benth. in Pl. Jungh, 239 (1855),

80

Mucuna recta Wall. Cat. 5626 (1830). Dolichos dasycarpus Mig. Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 1. 186 (1355). Canavalia dolichoides Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlii. 2. 185 (1874). Vigna dolichoides Bak. in Heok. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 207 (1876).

Assem : Goalpara, ete.; Jenkins ! Masters! Simons! Silhet; Wallich! Hooker & Thomson / CHITTAGONG : Clarke! Burma; Arracan; Kurz /

Prate 88.—Dysolobium dolichoides Prain. 1, flowering twig ; 2, fruiting twig, both from Assam,—both of natural size ; 8, bud ; 4, flower, standard and calyx removed ; 5, calyx; 6, standard ;

7, ovary; 8, seed. Ik I

PLATE 39. 39. DYSOLOBIUM TETRAGONUM Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 427 (1897).

A wide-twining climber with woody pubescent branches and stems; leaves 3-foliolate, 1:5--2 dm. long, rachis below lateral leaflets 5—6 cm, long, beyond them about 1—1°5 сш. long, leaflets thick, entire, ovate-lanceolate, prominently veined, densely hirsute like the rachis, all 10—14 cm. long, 2:5 cm. wide, stipels 9:5 mm. long, subulate, petiol- ules 4 mm. long; racemes 3—4 cm. long, 12—20-flowered, peduncle very short, pedicels 1:5 mm. long, bracteoles ovate, minute; calyz 2:5 mm. long, pubescent ; corolla purple, standard orbicular, 7°5 mm. wide, keel hardly beaked; pod stout, straight, quadrate in section, 5—6 сш. long, 1%2--Г5 em. wide, densely softly hirsute, all four angles distinctly winged ; seeds as broad as long, about 6 mm. across. Psophocarpus, sp. Bak. ta Hook, f. Plor, Brit. Ind. ii, 212 (1876). Canavalia tetragona Kurz Mss. Vigna tetragona Kure Mss.

BreNcAL: Duars; Heawood ! Assam: Masters, С. Mann !

Рілте 39,—Dysolobium tetragonum Prain, 1, flowering specimen from М. Bengal; 2, specimen in fruit from Lower Assam; 3, bud; 4, calyx, laid open; 5, flower, laid open; 6, staminal sheath ; 7, ovary; 8, the same, opened; 9, ovule,—ali enlarged ; 10, part of opened pod showing the transverse septa; 11, transverse section of pod, showing the wings; 12, seed,—all of natural $156.

Б Р.

PLATE 40. 40. Drocuea REFLEXA Hook. f. in Hook. Niger Flora, 306 (1849).

Natural order. Leguminose.

A strong woody climber 20—30 feet long, with rounded, black, sparsely setose, early glabrescent branches ; leaves 3-foliolate, 22—21 cm. long; leaflets dull-green above, paler beneath, subcoriaceous, when young sparsely hairy on both surfaces but early becoming glabrous above and glabrous except for a few adpressed hairs on the nerves beneath, ovate, shortly acuminate, with subtruncate base, 125 сш. long, 8 em. wide, petiole 19 ста. long, channelled above, sparingly adpressed-hirsute ; petiolules 6 mm. long, rusty-pubescent, stipels 5 mm. long, subulate, stipules lanceolate 6 mm, long,

81

deciduous; ‘inflorescence in dense subspicate racemes 15 ст. long, оп axillary pedunules 20—30 cm. long with 2—3 widely separated empty bracts; rachis rusty- tomentose, flowers 2—3 together on rounded alternate nodes 5—6 mm. apart; bracts 1:25 cm. long, linear, reflexed, rusty-pubescent, early deciduous; ca/yz campanulate, 1 cm. long with 2 small obtuse bracteoles at the base; pedicels 4 mm. long, rusty- puberulous, teeth subequal triangular except the upper rather wide-truncate, half as long as tube; corolla pale-pink, 2 еш, long, standard-limb orbicular-emarginate ; pods few, 1—2-seeded, 8—10 cm. long, 5 cm. wide, 1:25 em. thick along the upper suture, at first sparsely adpressed-rusty-silky, at length glabrescent; seeds discoid, dark-brown, 3 cm. in diam. Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit Ind, ii, 195 (1876) ; Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 60 (1897). Dolichos hexandra Rozb. Hort, Beng. 55 (1814). D. coriaceus Grah. in Wall. Cat. 5562 (1830).

Assam: Silhet. AxpAMANS: very common. MALAY PENINSULA: Perak, etc.

The vexillary stamen in this species is free at the base but not above; it is rather shorter than the others and bears a perfect anther; the anthers of the 9 stamens forming the sheath are alternately perfect and abortive; there are thus 5 perfect anthers on the sheath and a sixth perfect anther on the vexillary stamen. T'his structure pro- vided Roxburgh with the excellent specific name that has usually been overlooked. Partly on this account, and partly on account of the interesting characters of the plant, a copy is now given of Roxburgh’s original figure.

PrarE 40.—Dioclea reflexa Hook. f. 1, branch with leaf and inflorescence; 2, inflorescence;

3, tip of young branch; 4, details of flower; 5, pod opened to show seed ,—all 49 natural size, and all taken from Roxburgh’s original MSS. drawing of Dolichos hexandra. б; K.; р. Р,

PLATE 41. 41. ALBIZIA Өамвікг Prain in Journ. As, Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 513 (1897).

Natural order Leguminose.

A tree 50 feet high; laves 8—10 cm. long, 2-pinnate, ріппе 4—6 with a large gland 5 mm. above the base of the main-achis and with large projecting glands on each secondary rachis at the bases of the distal pairs of leaflets; leaflets ovate- lanceolate, acute or subacute, 10—14 on the distal 6—8 on the proximal piunæ, in all cases ecreasing slightly downwards, base cuneate from the middle, 1:5—5 em, long, 1—2:5 em. wide, pale-green above, glaueeecent beneath, sparsely adpressed-puberulous on both surfaces; stipules minute; heads many-flowered, panicled, the ultimate branches of the panicle umbellate ; calyz 2 mm., campanulate, shortly pedicelled, puberulous externally, teeth minute; pedicels “5 mm. long; corolla 4 mm. long, teeth oblong-lanceolate ; filaments about 25, 7 mm. long, connate in their lower third; pod 15—90 сш. long, 2°5—3°25 cm. wide, thin, rather firm, strap-shaped, the base narrow-cuneate, the tip blunt, pale straw-coloured, very faintly reticulate; seeds *6 ,8ھ‎ irregularly oval, 10 mm. long, 6 mm. wide, 1:5 mm. thick, testa brown, dull, lateral areola faint. Albizzia Lebbek Gamble, Trees, etc., of Darjeeling Dist. 33 (1878; Ed. 2, 1896) not of Benth. А. procera Clarke, Journ. Linn. Soc, xxv. 18 (1889) not of Benth.

N.-W. HixanayA: Kangra; Lace 7 E. HIALAYA: Sikkim ; Gamble 161! 7486! 9661! Naca Huius: Kohima; Clarke 41480! Cina: Yunnan, near Mengtze; Henry?

This species is not very closely related to either of the species to which it has been referred. It agrees with A. Lebbek in colour of pod and in having pedicelled flowers, but its leaves. and leaflets are altogether different. With A. procera it agrees in having the secondary rachises glandular as well as the main rachis, but its leaflets are different in shape and colour while its flowers and pods in no way resemble those of A. procera. The nearest ally of the species is А. tomentella Miq. of the Malay Archipelago, which has leaflets similar in size, shape and disposition, but has them densely pubescent and not glaucescent beneath. A. tomentella has morcover several glands, in place of a single one, on each secondary rachis and has a broader brown pod very differently reticulated,

Pyare 41. Albizzia Gamblei Prain. 1, twig from a tree at Phulsering, Darjeeling, 4,000 feet (Gamble 9661), in flower, of natural size; 2, bud; 3, calyx; 4, corolla; 5, staminal column ; 6 end 7, ovary—from the same specimen, all much enlarged; 8, twig from a tree above Punka- bari, 2,500 feet (Gamble 161), in fruit; 9, seed, from the same specimen—both of natural size.

Prk,

PLATE 42, 42, ALBIZZIA RicHagDIANA King $ Руби.

Natural order Leguminose.

А tree 80 feet high; аз 6—8 cm. long, 2-pinnate, pinnae 10--14 with a small gland 10 mm. above the base of the main-rachis and another between the bases of the distal pair of pinnae, the pinnae intermediate between the distal and proximal pairs occasionally only subopposed, the tips of main-rachis and of secondary rachises slightly prolonged beyond ultimate pinnae and leaflets; leaflets linear, all slightly curved forwards and decreasing upwards, close-set, 54 on proximal to 100 on distal pinnae, dark-green, glabrous on both surfaces finely sparsely puberulous on the margins, firm midrib removed one-third from anterior subconcave margin, hardly visible above, more distinct benenth as are a few looped veins and two secondary basal nerves on the wider posterior subconvex side, 7 mm. long, 1 mm, wide, base cuneate anteriorly, subauriculate behind, apex subacute, main and secondary rachises finely closely puberulous; stipules linear small; heads many-fid., in small rather few-headed panicles, from one-fourth to one-third as long as the leaves, with puberulous maino-rachis 1%2--5 cm. and slender peduncles 6 mm. long, the latter with puberulous lanceolate basal bracts 3 mm. long; calyz tubular- campanulate, subsessile, green, puberuloas externally, 1 mm. long, teeth minnte ; corolia white, 8 mm. long, teeth lanceolate half as long as tube; margins of teeth finely sparsely puberulous, corolla elsewhere glabrous; filaments about 95—30, all united in their lower two-fifths and further shortly connate in 5 phalanges of 5—6 fila- ments each; pod 10—12 cm. long, 2 em. wide, thin, very firm, strap-shaped, the base narrow-cuneate the tip rounded with an abrupt point, the margins somewhat thickened, dull-browuish-grey, hardly visibly reticulate; seeds 10-1 2, oval, testa olive- green, somewhat shining, 6 mm. long, 3 mm. wide, 1 mm. thick, lateral areola very faint. Gagnebina Richardiana Wall. ez Voigt in Hort. Suburb. . Caleutt. 257 (1845), Albizzia paludosa 7. And, Cal. Pl, Roy. Bot. Gard. Calcutta 18 (1865). |

83

Cultivated in the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, since 1841; native of Madagascar,

The seeds, sent by Mons. Richard, were received by Dr. Wallich on 20th January, 1841, with the note ‘‘Gagnebina spec. Bel arbre de Madagascar.” In his manuscript Catalogue Dr. Wallich gave the tree the manuscript name Gagnebina Richardiana Wall, which name was duly published by Voigt in the Hortus Suburbonus Calcuttensis. This name was however subsequently lost sight of and the origin of the tree forgotten, for Dr. Т. Anderson іп his Catalogue has used the name Albizzia paludosa, and has indicated that to him the native country of the tree was unknown. In a subsequent Catalogue issued by Dr. G. Henderson the double error is made of citing as the author of the species Mr. Bentham, who probably never залу a specimen, and giving as its native country Mexico, where no Albizzia is indigenous This species is evidently near, yet is obviously different from, A. polyphylia, a Mada- gascar plant described by Fournier in Ann, Se. Nat. ser. iv. xiv. 372 (1860) and indeed is rather to be referred to Fournier’s group Falcifoliatae thun to the Mizrophyile within which A. polyphylla is placed. To the kindness of M. Drake del Castillo we are indebted for a comparison of A. paludosa with another Madagascar plant ten- tatively named A. Jernieri (Bernier n. 162) loc. cil.8 name omitted from the excel- lent Index Kewensis, We have deemed it best, in view of the confusion that has taken place, to conserve the oldest specific name.

Pirate 42.—Albizzia Richardiana King $ Prain. 1, twig from tree in flower,—of natural size; 2, single leaflet, from above and from beneath, x 3; 8, single flower; 4, calyx, laid open; 5, corolla, laid open; 6; staminal tube, laid open; 7, ovary; 3—7 all much enlarged; 8, twig from same tree in fruit,—of natural size; 93; seed,—of natural size,

Frontisrirce. Albizzia Richardiana in Royal Botanie Garden, Calcutta,—from a photograph by

J. Н. Lace, Esq. r.L.s. ось. D. b.

PLATE 43. 43. PIPTADENIA OUDHENSIS Brandis, For. Fl. 168 (1874). Natural order Leguminose.

A small or medium-sized tree, glabrous except the inflorescence; bark of stem and older branches greyish- or reddish-brown, rough with flat exfoliating woody scales; inner-bark red, fibrous; branches armed with large compressed conical prickles ; branchlets drooping ; Laves abruptly bipinnate; pinnae 4, long-stalked, each of a single pair of leaflets; primary and secondary petioles with a large flat circular gland _ at the base of each pair of pinnae; leaflets 5—10 em. long and 4—9 cm. broad, on short, stout, transversely wrinkled stalks, obovate-rhomboid or reniform, entire, subcoriaceous; veins prominent on both surfaces, anastomosing and forming loops within the margin; flowers greenish-yellow, sessile or nearly so, in dense cylindric spikes 25 to 75 сш. long and arranged in short axillary panicles shorter than the leaves; calyx 2 mm. long, campanulate, nearly truncate, with 5 short teeth; petals 5, three times longer the calyx, lanceolate, fleshy; stamens free, slightly exserted; filaments attached to the outer basal edge of an annular disc; anthers dorsifixed, broadly oval, terminal glands globose; ovary stalked; style filiform, overtopping the stamens, stigma cupular; pod stalked, 2-3 dm. long and about 1 сш. broad; seeds 15—90, broadly oval, compressed, brown. Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc, xxx. 300 (1875); Вай. in Hook. f. И. Br. Ind. ii. 289 (1876). |

}

Aun. Бот. Вот. Garp. Carc, Мо, ІХ,

34

N.-W. Innra: Oudh, Gonda; №, Thompson, Inayat ۸۸۸۰ھ‎ Е. Kamaon, at 1,200 ft, elev.; Brown, Nepal; Inayat Khán.

This very local tree was first discovered in 1871 by Mr. Richard Thompson in the forests of the northern portion of the Gonda district in Oudh. It has been found also by Mr. Brown, of the Indian Forest Service, in Eastern Kumaon, at an elevation of 1200 feet. Flowering and fruiting specimens have recently been obtained from the Gonda locality, and from the adjacent hilly portion of Nepal, by Inayat Khán, the head plant-collector of the Botanical Department of N. India.

The trunk of the largest specimens seen by Inayat Khan measured 33 feet in circumference. The large characteristic prickles were found only on the branches, and not on the trunk. The tree is very abundant on the banks of streams within the Nepal territory. Тһе genus Piptadenia contains about 40 species, all of which, except the above and one in New Guinea, inhabit tropical regions of America and Africa.

PLATE 43.—Piptadenia oudhensis Brandis.. Portions of foliage, flowering and fruiting branches,—of natural size. Fig. 1, a single flower; 2, ditto, Zaid open; 3, calyx, laid open; 4, stamen, front view; 5, ditto, back view; 6, pistil,—al/ enlarged. қ

J. P. D.

PLATES 44, 45. PAHUDIA Mig., Flor. Ind. Bat, i. 1. 85 (1855).

Natural order Leguminose.

Trees; leaves abruptly pinnate; leaflets few, paired, chartaceous; flowers racemose, in sessile or peduncled terminal panicles; stipules, bracts and bracteoles caducous; calyz elongated, the tube lined by the disk, the limb 4-lobed, lobes coriaceous, decussately imbricate ; petal solitary, short-clawed, posterior, the others rudimentary or absent; stamens 7, declinate, united in a declinate sheath split above, filaments free above, unequal, often with 2 small staminodes at the base of the sheath; ovary stipitate, the stipe adnate to calyx-tube; style filiform, stigma small, terminal; pod obliquely oblong, 2-valved, valves thickly woody, base rounded, septate between the seeds and lined with a thin spongy pulp; seeds more or less compressed transversely, ovate or oblong, with a large basal arillate strophiole; testa crustaceous, albumen 0; cotyledons thick fleshy, radicle inferior, short, straight. Species 3, Malayan and Indo-Chinese.

A very distinct genus, based by Miquel (Flor. Ind. Bat. i. 1. 85) on a plant first collected by Horsfield in Java, and very well characterised by its author in the original definition, Unfortunately Miquel added, as a second species (/. с. 1080), Р. Hasskarliana based on Hasskarl’s deseription of Jonesia monopetala in Retzia i. 199. Kurz (Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. 2. 290) pointed out (1876) that Hasskarl’s plant could not be a Pahudia ; he wished, however, to transfer it to the American genus Macrolobium, which is neither necessary nor possible, because Jonesia monopetala Hassk. is apparently specific with Jonesia triandra Roxb. and is probably, as has been pointed out by Koorders and Valeton, Bijdr. 2. 27 (1895) the same thing as Afzelia bijuga A. Gray. Koorders and Valeton while removing from the genus the plant of Hasskarl, wish, however, to refer to it another species, Afzelia coriacea Bak, (Intsia coriacea Maing.) ; this latter species is in reality a Sindora |8. coriacea Prain, Journ, Аз, Soe. Beng. lxvi. 2. 206 (1897) }, |

35

Baillon [Hisé. des Plantes ii. 112 (1869)] would reduce Pahudia to Аўгейа S Inisia, a proposal that, with our fuller knowledge of the genus Pahudia, it is not now possible to entertain. Taubert in Engler’s Naturlich. Pflanzenfam, Ші. 3. 141 (1894) has failed to notice that ۶۰ Hasskarliana does not belong to this genus.

Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. 2. 290 (1876) and For. Flor. Brit, Burm. i. 413 (1877) founded and described a second species of Pahudia (P. zylocarpa) on a Siamese plant collected by Teysmann. There is no doubt whatever that Kurz’s species really belongs to Miquel’s genus, though neither Taubert nor Koorders and Valeton allude to its existence.

The existence of a third species of the genus has now to be recorded and the necessity for providing a suitable diagnosis for this species renders it advisable at the same time to empliasise the existence of Kurz's species and, if possible, to establish the validity of Miquel's genus. "Through the kindness of Mr. Willis, Director of the Royal Botanic Garden, Peradeniya, who has generously presented the Calcutta Herbarium with a copy of a drawing from life of Р, javanica, it is possible to publish an accurate figure of that species; on another plate a leaf and pod of P. aylocarpa and of P. martabanica respectively are given for purposes of comparison.

Key tothe species. Funieulus arillately prolonged in front and behind on the slightly antero-

posteriorly compressed seed . : š we P. javanica. Funiculus arillately cupular with margin horizontal under the веей:— Seed much compressed laterally ... se .. P. xylocarpa. Seed slightly compressed antero-posteriorly ... ss ... P. martabanica. D. PLATE 44.

44. РАНОЮІА JAVANICA Mig., Flor. Ind. Bat, 1, 1. 86 (18557,

A tall unarmed tree, in habit like Péerocarpus indicus, with puberulous branchlets; leaves 15--20 cm. long; leaflets 4—5-jugate, opposite or the lower pairs subopposite only, ovate or oblong, subequal-sided, base rounded or slightly cordate, apex obtuse or abruptly shortly apiculate, margin entire, main-nerves 7—8 pairs hardly more prom- inent than the distinct secondary reticulations, glabrous above, beneath somewhat pubescent especially on the rather prominent midrib, 4—8 сш. long, 2°5—4'5 em. wide, petiolules puberulous 2—3 mm. long, petiole below lowest leaflets 2—2°5 еш. long; stipules connate at the base between the leaf-stalk and branch, subulate, pubescent and ciliate, deciduous above, their common base persistent, 6 mm. long; racemes 5—8 cm. long, usually sparingly panicled, rachis strict, hoary-puberulous, bracts elliptic caducous; flowers articulate with the very short pedicels, bracteoles opposite, elliptic, puberulous, herbaceous; calyz hoary externally, pubescent within, the segments rounded concave; petal red, cordate at the base, acute, about as long as inner and as broad as the outer sepals; stamens 4 cm. long, the free filaments rather shorter than the sheath ovary densely villous, stipe nearly 1 cm. long, style 5 сш. long; pod 7°5—13 cm. long, 6—7 сш. wide, 4 cm, thick, glabrous, 3—8-seeded; seeds slightly compressed antero- posteriorly, 48—33 mm. long, 13 mm. wide, 16—22 mm, thick, arillate funicle somewhat

Ann Roy. Вот. Garp. Carc, Vou, ІХ,

56

prolonged anteriorly and posteriorly on the seed. Kurz, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. xlv. 2, 289 (1876); Koord. д Valet. Вуаг. 2. 28 (1895). Intsia puberula Mig., Рог. Ind. Bat. Suppl. 290 (1860).

MALAY ARCHIPELAGO : Java, Samarang, etc.; Horsfield 147! Koorders 4,151! 4,153 ! 14828 !

Pirate 44,-Раһайа javanica Mig. 1, flowering branch; 2, outline of pod; 3, pod opened to show seeds; 4, seed, seen from one side; 5, the same seen from the other side; 6, seed cut trans- versely about the middle; 7, seed cut longitudinally,—all from life, and al/ of natural size; from a tree grown in Hort. Peradeniya.

р. P.

PLATE 45А. 45. PaHUDIA XYLOCARPA Kurz in Journ. As. Soc. Deng. xlv. 2, 290 (1876).

A tall unarmed tree with pruinose branchlets; aves 7—12 cm. long; leaflets, 2—4-jugate, opposite or the lower pairs subopposite only, wide-ovate, subequal-sided, base rounded or slightly cordate, apex obtuse or shortly bluntly acuminate, margin entire, main-nerves 5—6 pairs hardly more prominent than the distinct secondary reticulations, quite. glabrous on both sides and slightly glaucescent beneath, midrib rather prominent, 7—8 cm. long, 5—6 сш. wide, petiolules 3 mm. long, quite glabrous as is the main-rachis, petiole below the lowest leaflets 2:5—3 cm. long; stipules connate at the base between leafstalk and branch, subulate, glabrous and deciduous above, their connate bases sparsely pubescent, persistent, 4 mm. long; racemes 8—8 cm. long, very sparingly panicled or simple, rachis strict, hokey шығай bracts orbicular, caducous, 6 mm wide, sparsely pubescent; lowers articulate with short stout pedicels, bracteoles oppo- site, shortly ovate, puberulous, herbaceous; calyx hoary externally and internally, the segments shortly oblong, concave ; petal ovate, acute; ovary densely villous; pod 10—12 cm. long, 6—7 cm. wide, 4 em. thick, glabrous, 2—3-seeded; seeds much compressed laterally, 33 mm. long, 25 mm. wide, 15 mm, thick, arillate funicle at base of seed regularly cupular with a horizontal margin. Kurz, For. Flor. Brit. Burma, i, 413 (1877); Prain, Journ, As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2, 494 (1897).

Іхро-ОніхА: Siam; Zeysmann! Shan Hills; King’s Cotlector !

The different foliage at once distinguishes this species from Р, jaranica. Тһе inflorescence and the pods are, however, very similar, but the seeds have a quite different funiculus.

Piate 45A.—fPahudia xylocarpa Kurs. 1, twig with leaf and pod; 2, seed, side view; 3, seed seen from anterior edge; 4, transverse section of seed, —all of natural size.

D. bP.

PLATE 45В.

46. PaHUDIA MARTABANICA Prain т Indian Forester, xxvi, 312 (1900).

A tall unarmed tree, in habit like Pterocarpus macrocarpus, with glabrous branchlets; leaves 20—24 ст. long; leaflets usually 4-jugate, opposite, oblong or obovate, distinctly unequal-sided, base cuneate or rounded, apex obtuse or emarginate, margin entire,

37

main-nerves 4—5 pairs distinctly more prominent on both sides but especially beneath than the secondary reticulations, quite glabrous on both surfaces, somewhat glaucescent beneath, 10—12 сш. long, 6—7 cm. wide, petiolules 4 mm. long, quite glabrous as is the main-rachis, petiole below lowest pair of leaflets 3 сш. long; pod 20 cm. long, 85 cm. wide, 5 cm. thick, glabrous, 8—10-seeded; seeds cylindric or quadrate or slightly compressed antero-posteriorly, 86—40 mm. long, 16—18 mm. wide, 16—22 mm, thick, arillate funicle at base of seed regularly cupular with a horizontal margin,

Іхро-Оніхл : Tenasserim, between Sinbyudine and Aungthawara; Hearsey !

This fine tree is known to the Burmese as Руш Padouk, “but it is neither the one nor the other. The trees attain a girth of 10 feet and logs of 20 feet or more in length can be obtained. Тһе seeds when fresh and bright are worn as necklaces by the wild Siamese on the border,”

The quotation is from a letter written by Mr. Hearsey, Extra Assistant Conservator of Forests, 5, Tenasserim Division. The leaves and pod sent by Mr. Hearsey are un- fortunately detached. These leaves have all the appearance of Pahudia or Inísia leaves. The pod and seeds are undoubted those of а Puhudia and the characters of that pod and particularly of its seeds indicate that the tree is specifically distinct from the other two species.

The seeds make this species intermediate between Р. zylocarpa Kurz and P. javanica ; it differs however, (if the leaves here described belong to the pod, and there is little room for doubt that they do) in foliage; it differs still more in the seeds; instead of being laterally compressed, these are either cylindric or subquadrate or if compressed have their shorter diameter parallel to the axis of the pod.

Рглте 45B.—Pahudia martabanica Prain. 5; leaf; 6, half of a pod; 7, seed, seen from side; 8, seed, seen irom anterior edge; 9, transverse section of seed,—a of natural size. . D. Е,

PLATE 46. LEUCOSTEGANE; Pra,

Natural order Leguminose. |

Trees; leaves abruptly pinnate, stipellate; stipules large, foliaceous, intrafoliar, connate ; pedicels bracteate ; calyx 2-bracteolate, jinfundibuliform with somewhat fleshy tube, limb 4-partite, lobes obtuse, imbricate, reflexed in flower; petals small, much shorter than calyx-lobes, 2, inserted in calyx-throat between upper and lateral sepals, the upper if present a staminode-like process; stamens only 2 perfect, opposite the lateral sepals, with large ovoid anthers, decurved plicate in bud, dehiscing longitudinally and with two erect short sterile staminodia between and above the fertile stamens; ovary stipitate, exserted, oblong, the stipe adnate to calyx-tube, style filiform, circinate in bud, stigma oblique; pod oblong, compressed, apiculate.—Species one, Malayan. |

The species on which this genus is founded is a small tree discovered by Mr, H. N. Ridley of Singapore and referred by him in the field to Saraca. The presence of two small petals with what appears to be the rudiment of а third, makes this generic position impossible. It is nevertheless very nearly related in other respects io атаса, though it differs in having stipellate leaflets. It also, as regards its

38

perfect stamens, remarkably resembles the Chinese genus Lysidice Hance, with which it obviously has considerable affinity though not sufficiently close to admit of the two being considered congeneric.

И, Ез

47. LEUCOSTEGANE LATISTIPULATA Pra,

A small tree with slender leafy pubescent branches; leaves 20 cm. long, rachis puberulous, leaflets 6-jugate, rigidly coriaceous, ovate-lanceolate, apex acuminate, base some- what obliquely rounded, 11—15 сш. long, 4 cm. wide, dark-green, dull glabrous above, pubescent on the midrib beneath and puberulous along the margins, petiolules 4 mm. long, pubescent, stipels small, subulate, persistent, pubescent; stipules large, foliaceous, each with а strong midrib, ovate, acute, auriculate at base on their outer free margin, connate between petiole and branch for one-third their length on the inner margin, from 1:25--4 ста, long, from "75--2:5 cm. wide, usually slightly unequal; flowers in few-flowered cymes, sometimes reduced to single pedicels, clustered on rugose woody nodes along thick old branches, under 2 cm, long, with ovate-lanceolate, persistent basal bracts and with 2 subopposite, amplexicaul, triangular, persistent bracteoles midway between bract and calyx- tube, pedicels and bracteoles puberulous ; ca/yz white, tube cylindric, 4 mm. long, shorter than the limb of 4 narrow, oblong lobes, pubescent on margin at tips; petals small, 2 latera, ovate, acute with truncate base and very short claw, posterior very minute; stamens 2 with two rudimentary posterior short staminodes, anthers nearly twice as long as broad, filaments in fully opened flowers twice as long as calyx-lobes, pink; ovary pubescent along the margins; pod oblong, obliquely obtuse at the apex with a rather prominent beak, obliquely rounded at base, 5 cm. long, 25 cm. wide. Saraca latistipulata Prain, Journ. Аз. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 217 (1897).

Maayan PENINSULA: Perak, Dindings at Lumut; Ridley 3089! 8006!

Prats 46.—Leucostegane latistipulata Prain. 1, portion of branch from Lumut, Dindings; 2, portion of old branch with flowers; 3, aestivation of Lysidice rhodostegia Hance, for comparison with 4, aestivation of Leucostegame latistipulata; 5; bud; 6, young flower, opened; 7, ‘young flower dissected; 8, 9, young stamens from side and front; 10, ovary; 11, pod.

In Icones Plantarum t. 1192, Oliver describes the petals of Lysidice rhodostegia as remarkable for their convolute aestivation, In twenty flowers of Lysidice examined the aestivation found has been asshown in РгАТЕ 46, fig. 3,

АҚЖ,

PLATE 47. | 48. 02051۸ Cortisu Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 2. 221. (1897).

Natural order Leguminose, :

A tall tree 80—150 feet high, with spreading crown and densely grey-pubescent branchlets; stem 2—3 feet thick; leaves odd-pinnate, rachis 3—4 in. long, petiole arti- culate on an auricled node with an interpetiolar 2-lobed stipule, leaflets 7—9 alternate with peticlules 6 mm. long, closely puberulous like the rachis, obovate to shlong de slightly obliquely rounded ог cuneate, apex rounded or tapering to a bluntly w Papi tip,

59

5—9 cm. long, 25--4 cm. wide, membranous, green and glabrous above, paler and uni- formly sparsely puberulous beneath, lateral nerves ascending, prominently looped within the margin, secondary reticulations indistinct; flowers in rather lax, narrow racemes at the ends and bases of new leafy shoots, 1--1:5 dm. long, with angular, densely grey- pubescent rachis; pedicels very slender, at length 1°5 cm. long, grey puberulous, with a caducous subulate bracteole about the middle; buds oblong, 4 mm. long; ca/yz-tube very short, lobes 4, imbricate, reflexed in flower, sparsely pubescent externally, glabrous within; petals 0; stamens 10, filaments glabrous, free, alternately long and short, anthers broadly oblong, versatile ; ovary stipitate, densely grey-downy, 1—2-ovuled stalk glabrous longer than the calyx-tube, style glabrous incurved; pod oblong, obliquely rounded at base, subequally rounded and apiculate at tip, rusty-puberulous, rather distinctly reticulate, 8 cm. long, 5 cm. wide, 1:25 cm. thick, valves very firmly coria- ceous; seed solitary, oblong, З cm. long, 2°75 cm. wide, “2 cm. thick.

Maray PENINSULA: Penang; Curtis! Malacca; Derry! Perak; Kunstler! The Malay name in Malacca is given as Kumpas ruman.

PLATE 47.— Crudia Curtisii Prain. 1, flowering branch; 2, twig with fruits—of natural size; 9 bud; 4, opened flower; 5, ovary—all enlarged.

D, P.

PLATE 48. 49, RUBUS rascicULATUS Duthie.

Natural order Rosacez.

An eglandular sarmentose shrub; stems angular, shaggy with long reddish-brown spreading weak bristles mixed with a shorter coating of white downy pubescence; prickles few, stout and somewhat compressed at the base, straight or slightly curved; leaves 3-foliolate; petioles 2—3 cm. long, bristly; stipules 15 mm. long, subulate; leaflets thin, cartilaginous, dark-green above and slightly paler beneath, more or less abruptly acuminate, doubly serrate, smooth on both surfaces except on the midrib and veins beneath, the lower portion of the midrib bearing scattered curved prickles and bristles; veins 8—10 pairs, impressed above and prominent beneath; terminal leaflet usually much larger than the basal pair, 8—12 сш. long by 3:5—9 cm. in breadth, its stalk often as long as the common petiole, broadly ovate or obovute, more or less abruptly acuminate, rounded at the base; basal leaflets shortly stalked, suborbicular or oblong, rhomboid ; flowers in dense terminal or axillary clusters or solitary in the leaf-axils; bracts ovate-lanceolate, equalling the short bristly pedicels; calyz velvety pubescent on both sides, more or less bristly outside; lobes 7—8 mm. long, ovate, mucronate, brownish-green with pale margins; petals about 8 mm. long, spathulate, white, their claws clothed with long silky hairs on the outside; stamens in one series, shorter then the calyx-lobes; filaments dilated; anthers oval, attached to the summit of the fila- ment by а minute siender stalk ruit globose, succulent, golden-yellow; drupes on a clavate, hispid receptacle; styles longer than the carpels, bristly towards the base ; alone rugose,

Western HiwaLAYA: in damp shady ravines leading into the Tons Valley, in l'ehri-Garhwál, at an elevaticn of about 6,000 feet; also at Chakrata and near Mussoorie, in similar situations.

40

. Amongst Indian brambles this plant most resembles R, ellipticus Smith; but it may at once be distinguished by the colour and texture of its foliage, the abruptly acuminate leaflets, and the very different inflorescence. The drawing was made from a specimen collected in the Bamsu Valley in Tehri-Garhwál, where I have never observed the fruit becoming succulent, the carpels always remaining dry like achenes, and the styles persistent.

Pirate 48.—Rubus fasciculatus Duthie. Portions of plant, of natural size. Fig. 1, flower seen from above; 2, side-view of a flower at a later stage; 3, vertical section of a flower; 4, calyx laid open to show the stamens and receptacle; 5, petal; 6, stamen; 7, ripe fruit (from a Mussoorie speci- men); 8, ripe achene-like carpel (from a Bámsu Valley specimen); 9, stone of succulent carpel; 10, seed—

all enlarged, Ji Fe D,

PLATE 49. 50. PorriNGERIA ACUMINATA Prain in Journ, Аз. Soc. Beng. lxvii. 2. 291 (1898).

Natural order Saxifragaces.

A shrub, with round glabrous slender branches; laves alternate, ovate-acuminate, rigidly coriaceous, glabrous on both sides and punctate beneath, entire, 5—9 cm. long, 2—4 cm. wide, 5-пегуей from the base, the marginal pair very slender the others almost as strong as the central, petioles about 5 mm. long; flowers in many- flowered, axillary cymes 4—5 cm, long, 2:5 cm. wide, pedicellate, the pedicels 4 mm. long, jointed above the middle and with ovate-acute bracteoles 2 mm. long at the base ; calyz-tube short, wide-campanulate, adnate to the base of the ovary, 1:5 mm. long, teeth 5, ovate-acute, almost as long as tube, the sinuses wide, rounded ; petals 5; stamens 5, erect, attachel to the edge of the perigynous disk, filaments subulate upwards somewhat explanate at the base where each has a median gland on its outer aspect; ovary half-superior ; capsule 5 mm, long, 3°5 mm. wide, superior, oblong, longitudinally slightly 3-grooved, septicidally 3-valved, the style and central axis partible from the base almost to the coherent stigma; placentas fertile only for about one-third, from the middle mnpwards, and only there contiguous; seeds narrowly fusiform, testa erustaceous, slightly reticulated, somewhat prolonged at both ends; embryo cylindric, rather large, in the centre of the fleshy albumen. Sc. Mem. Med, Off, India xi, 43 ( 1898). |

Клснік Нплв: Chesyan, 3700 ft.; Pottinger!

This species has been made the type of a new genus of Saxifragaceae, in the tribe £scallonieae near еа, which it resembles in having a similarly partible style with a similarly half-superior ovary. It differs markedly, however, from Itea in having 3 earpels in place of 2 and іп the capsule when dehiscing leaving the three filiform placentas persistent. The leaves too, which are like those of a Cinnamon, or of a Melastomaceous plant, give the plant a facies of its own.

Unfortunately the only specimen brought by Capt. Pottinger has been collected just as the plant was passing out of flower; the petals and anthers have all dropped and though the scars left show that there are 5 petals it is at present impossible’ to say whether they are imbricate or valvate, : d:

Prate 49.—Pottingeria acuminata Prain. 1, branch;—of natural size; 2, capsule, with valves commencing to dehisce, showing persisting placentas, persisting filaments, jointed pedicel and

41

bracteole x 10; 3, calyx, with persisting filaments, the carpels completely removed x 10; 4, filament removed, seen from outside and showing basal gland x 10; 5, filament, from within x 10; 6, segment of calyx tube, showing attachment and relative position of the placentae after removal of the valves x 10; 7, single placenta, seen from without x 10; 8, the same, central aspect x 10; 9; floral diagram, the petals being unknown are indicated by dotted lines, the ovary is shown in the lower sterile part; 9, ovary in the upper fertile part; 10; seed, from behind x 20; 11, seed, from side x 20; 12, vertical section of seed x 20.

+. А PLATE 50, 51. TERMINALIA BIALATA Steud. Nomencl. ii. 668 (1821).

Natural order Combretaceze.

A glabrous tree, 80—J00 feet high; young branches stout and with large cicatrices; laves crowded at the apices of the branches, alternate, thinly coriaceous, obovate or obovate-oblong, with long petioles, the apex abruptly and shortly cuspidate, narrowed from above the middle to the cuneate and usually oblique base; upper surface shining when dry, the lower dull and paler; the reticulations rather distinct on both sides; main-nerves 7—9 pairs, spreading, rather distinct on both surfaces when dry; length 15—18 em.; breadth 7—11 em.; petioles 6—7 ст. long ; spikes axillary, drooping, solitary, longer than the petioles but rather shorter than the leaves, rusty-puberulous; flowers 5 mm. in diam., sessile, the male flowers in the upper part, the hermaphrodite flowers in the lower, each with a minute deciduous bracteole ; calyx rusty-pubescent outside, densely rusty-villeus within, the lobes triangular, reflexed ; stamens exserted; ovary. villous ; fruit ellipsoid, tapering to each end, somewhat flattened on опе side, covered with minute dense rusty tomentum and with large, slightly wavy, coriaceous, puberulous, horizontally striate lateral wings; length of fruit 3:5—45 cm., breadth of body 1:905—2 cm., the wings 2-4۰56 em. wide. Kurz, Fur. Flor. Brit. Burma i. 45 (1877); Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. ii. 449 (1878); King, Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi. 9. 332 (1897). Pentaptera bialata Hozb. Hort. Deng. 34 (1811); Wall. Cat. 3986 (1830); Roxb. Flor. Ind. ii. 441 (1832).

ANDAMAN ISLANDS: common. BURMA : Tenasserim.

This fine species, though provided with 2 lateral wings of the nature of the

. wings present in the fruits of species of Terminalia $ Pentaptera is really, as Mr, Clarke

has pointed out, more nearly allied to $ Catappa than to the Penfapieras. As no figure of the species has ever been published the present opportunity is taken to reproduce the unedited drawing of the plant left by Dr. Roxburgh in the Calcutta Herbarium Collection. | |

Prate 50.— Terminalia bialata Steud. 1, flowering branch; 2, ripe fruit; 3, the same, cut transversely,—of natural size; 4, male flower; 5, hermaphrodite flower,—bdoth slightly enlarged.

6. К. PLATE 51, 53. TERMINALIA Махи King in Journ. Аз. Soc, Вену. lxvi. 2. 879 (1897).

Natural order Combretacee, | А {тее 20—40 feet high; young shoots slender, deciduously rusty-puberulous, lenti- cillate ; (eaves thinly coriaceous, almost opposite, not crowded, scattered, elliptic or ovate, |

Axx. Roy. Bor. Garp. Carc, Vor. IX.

42

Shortly and rather abruptly acuminate, the base rounded or somewhat cuneate and slightly oblique; both surfaces glabrescent or glabrous, minutely reticulate, the reti- culations on the lower surface tesselate, main-nerves 9—12, rarely 14 pairs, spreading, curving upwards at the tips; length 8—16 m., breadth 5—8 cm., petiole 2 em. long often with 2 sessile oblong glands at the side near the apex ; panicles lateral and terminal, with numerous spike-like, rusty-puberulous, ultimately glabrous branches shorter than the leaves when in flower, longer when in fruit; flowers 4 mm. in diam. at ће mouth, each subtended by а linear puberulous bracteole as long аз itself; ealyz-tube narrow, cylindric, thickened and pubescent towards the base, the upper half and the raouth glabrous outside; the mouth cupular with inconspicuous, broad, shallow teeth, woolly inside; stamens exserted, glabrous; fruit oblong, tapering a little to each end, slightly compressed on one side, obscurely 5-ridged, quite glab- rous, 1:2--2 em, long, '75—[ cm. in diam.; pericarp crustaceous, hard, thick.

Кісованв : King’s Collectors / ANDAMANS: King’s Coliectors !

The nearest ally of this species is probably 7. citrina Roxb. ; itis named in slight recognition of the great assistance for many years afforded to the Calcutta Garden by Mr. E. H. Man, c.r.g., of the Andamans Commission.

Prate 51.— Terminalia Manii King. 1, flowering branch; 2, fruiting twig; 3, fruit; 4, the same cut transversely.—a// of natural size; 5, bud; 6, opened flower; 7, calyg-mouth, laid open to show staminal insertion ; 8, stamens; 9, ovary, split open; 10, ovule,—a// enlarged,

G. K. PLATE 52. ЗЕ

53. HEPTAPLEURUM НишЕТТИ King in Journ. Ав. Soc. Beng. lxvii. 2. 54 (1898).

Natural order АтаПасеге,

A small tree, 10—15 feet high; branches stout, rugulose, deciduously pubescent ; leaves large, digitate, the common petiole terete, glabrous, 9:5--6 dm. long ; leaflets 7—11, coriaceous, oblong ог elliptic-oblong, occasionally somewhat broader in the upper than in the lower half, shortly and abruptly acuminate, slightly narrowed to the rounded base, both surfaces glabrous, not reticulate, the midrib prominent; main-nerves 5—8 pairs, distant, slightly curved and ascending, prominent on the lower surface when dry, obsolete on the upper; length 1—3 dm., width 4—8 .دہ‎ petiolules 8—9 cm. long, slender, glabrous; panicles 2—3 dm. long, terminal, several together, Jong and narrow, with short, horizontal, slender branches from 1-25-—2:5 em. long, bearing terminal, 8—12-fld. umbels of small, 6-merous, subglobular flowers 29:5 mm. in diam. ; Jruit elliptic, 6-ridged, 6-celled, crowned by the 6 short distinct styles, glabrous, the pedicels 6—7*5 mm. long.

Maravaw PENINSULA : Singapore; Ridley ’ Wray! Kunstier! Johore; King and Hulleti!

A species much resembling H. divaricatum Miq., but with leaflets that have fewer nerves and show no retieulations, with much longer pavicles and a narrower fruit. It is also allied to И. longifolium Seem,, but the leaves of that species have many more main- nerves and the panicles are densely clothed with broad scale-like hairs and have longer lateral branchiets.

Piare 52.—Heptapleurum Hullettii Wing. 1, flowering twig with leaf; 2, fruiting panicle, both from Singapore,—loth of natural size; 3, flower unopened ; 4, flower opered, from outside; 5, the same from above; 6, stamens; 7, fruit; 8, the same, cut transversely; 9, styles, seen from above; 10, seed.

48

‚РГАТЕ. 58. 54, HEPTAPLEURUM RIDLEYI King in Journ. As. Soc. Beng, lxvii. 9. 54 (1898).

Natural order Araliacez.

A scandent shrub, young branches stout, glabrous; leaves digitate, common-petiole terete, glabrous, 12—24 cm. long, leaflets 5, very coriaceous, oblong, oblong-elliptic or oblanceolate-oblong, acute, slightly narrowed at the base; the edges entire, very slightly revolute when dry; both surfaces glabrous, the reticulations faint when dry; main-nerves very slightly prominent on the lower surface, about 8 pairs, spreading, the intermediate nerves almost as conspicuous; length 10—16 cm., width 5—7 cn., petiolules unequal, 2—6 em. long; panicle terminal, glabrous, 12—15 cm. long, with several spreading branches; the branchlets few, about 1°25 cm. long, each bearing ап umbel of 10—20 globular flowers 4 mm. in diam.; calyz-tube short, wide-campanulate, the limb narrowed and truncate ; petals 5, elliptic, glabrous; ий ovoid, somewhat succulent, smooth, faintly 6-ridged, 6 mm. long, 6-celled.

Maayan PENINSULA : Singapore ; Ridley 6336 ! PLATE 52.—Heptapleurum Ridleyi King. 1, fruiting branch from Singapore, —of natural size ; 2, fruit; 3, fruit, cut transversely; 4, seed in situ; 5, seed removed, G. Ki PLATE 54. 55. оши SIMPLEX King їп Journ. As, Soc. Beng. lxvii. 2. 60 (1898).

Natural order Araliacez,

A фу 6—8 ft. high, deciduously rufous-pubescent towards the apex, prickly near the: base; leaves бай, elliptic, coriaceous, tapering gradually to the shortly acuminate apex, not narrowed to the slightly cordate base, both surfaces with minute, scattered, rusty, stellate hairs ; length 2—4 dm., breadth 1—2 dm., petiole 1°25—2-5 dm., terete, expanded at the base into a short sheath with 2 minute stipules on its inner surface ; inflorescence a terminal, shortly branched, compound umbel; lowers herma- phrodite, buds 9% mm, across, conical; pedicels 1— 1:25 cm. long, slender, rusty- pubescent, 10--20 in each umbel; calyz slightly rusty-pubescent, tube narrowly campan- ulate, limb with 5 small, spreading teeth; petıls 5, glabrous, calyptrate, their edges slightly infoldel, valvate below, slightly imbricate near the apex, the midribs prom- inent on the inner surface ; stamens 5, alternate with the petals; the anthers versa- tile, with linear, separate cells each united by its middle to the tip of the short, straight filament ; disk large, fleshy, convex, covering the whole of the apex of the ovary, slightly 5-lobel; styles united to form a short thick column without any stigmatic enlargement; ovary I-ce'led with 2 parallel, pendulus ovules; fruit 2-celled by form- ation of a false dissepiment, elliptic-globose, subglabrous, 5 mm. long, crowned by calyx and style, 2-seeded ; seeds compressed. ١

MALAYAN PENINsULA: Perak, at Ulu Kerling; Kunstler /

Prate 54.—Wardenia simplex King. 1, fruiting twig; 2, fruit, ош obliquely ; 3, the some

cut transversely ; 4, seed; 5, the same іп vertical section. G. K.

Ann. Roy. Bor. Garp. Carc, Vor. IX.

44

PLATE 55. | ‚ 56, Denpropanax LISTERI King in Journ. Аз. Soc. Beng, хуи, 2. 294 (1898),

Natural order ۸7۶11866۰

A small glabrous tree with shrubby habit, 20 feet in height; young branches with coarsely lenticellate bark, pale-brown when dry ; /eaves simple, thinly coriaceous, broadly elliptic, shortly acuminate, the base cuneate, the edges entire or with a few minute distant irregular teeth; both surfaces quite glabrous, the upper dull; the lower reticulate; the nerves and midrib distinct on the lower surface, the latter with 2 bold, ascending, curved nerves rising from its base and running more than half way to the apex, a small pair occasionally rising outside and below these and running close to the margin of the base of the leaf; the midrib giving off above its middle 3 or 4 pairs of curving, lateral nerves ; length 9—20 cm., breadth 4—10 cm. ; petioles very various in length (from 4 em. to 15 ст.) very slender ; panicles axillary, slender, from 10 to 15 em. long, with few umbellate branches, the alternate umbels with 4 or 5 sub-globular flowers 4 mm. iu diam.; their pedicels | very slender, 8 mm, long; calyz-tube subglobular, its limb narrow and with 5 small teeth; frut globular, 5 mm. in diam., crowned by the short styles, connate below but with recurved apices. |

E. Hrwaraya: At Torupatiin the Daphla Hills, Assam; elevation 5,500 feet; J. Г. Lister 193!

This very distinct species of Zendropanaz was collected by Mr, J. L. Lister while accompanying the Daphla Hill expedition of 1874. | :

Pirate 55.—Dendropanax Listeri King. 1, fruiting branch; 2, larger ieaf from another specimen; 3, young fruit; 4, ripe fruit; 5, the same in section ; 6, seed.

Ch جک‎

PLATE 56. 57. 'TRICHOLEPIS STICTOPHYLLUM Clarke Comp. Ind. 241 (1876).

Natural order Composite.

A perennial, glabrous, scapigerous herb; stem 0, or up to З dm. high, sparingiy branched from the base; branches angular, grooved, leafy below; leaves "5 to 1'5 dm. long by З to 10 mm., sessile, -amplexicaul, linear or ligulate, tapering to a mucronate point, entire cr obscurely toothed, coyered with minute raised points and pellucid-punctate ; margin pale, thickened ; veins parallel to the slender midrib; heads 2—3 em. in diam., usually solitary at the naked ends of the branches; involucre bracts 1—9 cm. long, adpressed, glabrous; outer ovate, acuminate; inner linear-lanceolate, with erect flexuous tips; recepfacle bristles many, longer than the асһопев; corolla 1'5 ст. long, light- purple, lower portion of tube very slender; filaments papillose; achenes 6 mm. long, oblong compressed, truncate, many-ribbed ; basal areole very oblique; tip rather dilated; pappus 1'5 em. long; hairs soft, silvery-brown, feathery, slightly united at the base. Hook. کر‎ Flor. Brit. Ind, iii, 382 (1881). Stictophyllum glabrum .Edgew. in Trans. Lina. Soc, xx. 78 (1846). Cnicus angustifolius Wall. Cat. 2915 (1830).

45

NORTHERN INDIA ; Submontane tracts: Kánsrao, in Dehra Dun; Falconer, Siwalik range, in grassy places; Lgeworth. Pilibhit, Northern Oudh, and in the Gorakhpur district; Duthie’s Collectors (Nos. 22253, 22254). Central India (probably Sagor) Jerdon.

Sir. J. D. Hooker in Flor. Brit, Ind. l.c. remarks as follows regarding this species:

“Ап anomalous plant, with the habit and involucre of Serratula, and the pappus of Jurinea; the achene is, however, quite that of Tricholepis tibetica, and different from that of other species of

the genus, with which, however, it agrees in the leaves having raised points (whence the name Stictophyllum Edgeworth).”

Prate 56.—Tricholepis Stietophyllum Clarke. А plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, а single floret; 2, corolla, laid open; 3, receptacle; 4, pistil; 5, vertical section of achene; 6, transverse section of ditto,—all enlarged,

J. Ж/Ш, PLATE 57. 58. SAvussuREA CHITRALICA Duthie.

Natural order Composite.

Perennial; stems about 6 dm. high, simple below, sulcate; leaves mostly towards the base of the stems, dark-green and somewhat scabrous above, clothed beneath with white cottony pubescence ; lower 10—12 ст, long by 3—5 em, wide, lyrate- pinnatifid ; upper smaller, lanceolate, acute, dentate; heads in terminal corymbs ог solitary in the axils of the much reduced upper Jeaves, erect or somewhat inclined, 25 сш. long and about 2 cm. across, tapering to the base; involucre bracts glabrous, tinged with purple; outer ovate, scute; inner lanceolate, acuminate ; corolla 15 mm. in length, slender, pale-purple ; anther-tatis lacerate; receptacle densely bristly ; pappus white, shorter than the corolla; outer bristles 0; achenes З mm. long, smooth, 10-ribbed, crowned by a toothed cup,

N.-W. FRONTIER: near Пговһ, at an elevation of about 6,000 feet; found by Inayat Khan, one of the plant collectors of the Botanical Department of N. India, | during the Chitral Relief Expedition of 1895 (Herb. No. 16273).

Allied to S. candicans Clarke, but with broader and quite glabrous involucre-bracts, and smaller very differently shaped head,

PrarE 57.—Saussurea chitralica Duthie. А plant,—of natural size, Fig. 1, vertical section of a head of flowers; 2, an outer bract of the involucre; 8, inner bract of ditto, 4, single floret; 5, stamens ; 6, ditto, laid open; 7, pistil; 8, style-arms; 9, receptacle, with bristles,—-ai/ enlarged.

у. P. D. PLATE 58. | 59. Аваретев (Holocalyz) Роттікоғві Prain in Journ. Аз. Soc. Beng. lxvii. 2. 296 (1898).

Natural order Vacciniacer. E An epiphytic shrub, the branches adpressed-puberulous and at the same time beset | with setaceous spreading hairs; leaves sessile, ovate-lanceolate, gradually narrowing from a rounded base to a moderately long acuminate tip, margin entire, firmly coriaccous,

46

glabrous on both sides, 12—18 em. long, 4—6 em. wide, secondary nerves 8--10 pairs, rather more prominent above than below ; Лошегз along the branches in few-flowered corymbs 4 em. long, peduncles pubescent about 5 mm. long, their bases surrounded. by small firm scaly bracts, pedicels 1°25 ст. long, slender, pubescent, in the axils of ovate- lanceolate, rigid, striate-reticulate bracts 4—5 mm, long,.with puberulous margins but elsewhere glabrous; calyz-tube globose, articulate with the slightly enlarged apex of pedicel, clothed with long yellow sprealing hairs with glandular tips, 2°5 mm. long, Jimb campanulate, 85 mm. long, reticulate throughout, the margin 5-toothed, teeth trian- gular, ӘӘ mm. long, glabrous within, sparsely covered externally with flaccid hairs; corolla tubular, straight, 15 mm. long, slightly inflated in the centre, the mouth shortly bluntly 5-lobed and slightly contracted, pubescent externally with flaccid hairs, the lobes green, the tube red not marked with lines; stamens 10, epigynous, free, the filaments almost as long as the anthers and glabrous as are the anthers which are 2-spurred behind their tubes and hardly reach the limb of the corolla; ovary 5-locular, style filiform, shortly 5-lobulate at the apex; ovules numerous.

Каснік Hits: at Lakham, 4,100 feet; Pottinger! |

A very distinct species separable from any hitherto described Agapetes by its large bracts and large calyx-limb the teeth of which are not partite to the disk as in most other specie:, It thus deserves to be treated as representative of a new section Holocalyx.

Prate 58.—Agapetes Pottingeri Prain. 1, twig with leaves, 2; twig with flowers,—of natural size; 8, vertical section of flower; 4, calyx, laid open; 5, corolla; 6, corolla, laid open; 7, 8 and 9, stamen, seen respectively from in front, from behind and sideways.

D. P.

PLATE 59,

Desmocyne King & Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvii. 2. 297 (1898).

Natural order Vacciniacese.

Cais tube round, enclosed in the enlarged cup-shaped subglobose pedicel-tip; limb much enlarged, widely campanulate, margin entire, persistent; . corolla tubular, narrowly funnel-shaped, elongate, tube straight, limb shortly 5-lobed, lobes erect; stamens 10, epizynous, as long as the Stolle, filaments free below among ара and from the corolla-tube, anthers elongated, straight, free, muticous behind, with straight slender connate membranous tubes, snther-cclls muricu'ate; ovary 5 locular, style filiform, stigma lobulate; ovules in each ` loculus numerous, attached to the inner angle. Epiphytie shrubs, leaves alternate, persistent, shortly petioled, coriaceous, entire.— T wo species or varieties from the Chin and Kachin Hills und from the Hukung valley.

G. Bes D.

60. DESMOGYNE NERIIFOLIA King § Prain in Journ, As. Soc. Beng, lxvii. 9, 297 (1898).

Au epiphytic shrub with slender glabrous branches; /eaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate, apex caudate-acuminate, base rounded, short-petioled, margin entire, thickly coriaceous, 10—15 ещ. long, 23-2:27 cm. wide, midrib prominent below grooved above, sccondary

47 nerves obscure; inflorescence corymbose, pedicels clustered in axils of triangular bracts 2-5 mm. long near somewhat swollen apex of peduncle which attains 6 em. in length; pedicels З em. long., enlarged upwards with cup-like tips; calyz-tube globose, 4 mm. long., articulate at the base of the pedicel-cup and covered by it, limb inflated 8 mm, long., wide-campanulate, margin entire, distinctly reticulated throughout; соғойа elongate, tube 4 cm. long, straight, funnel-shaped limb 1:25 em. wide, 5-lobed, lobes 5 mm. long, triangular ; stamens 10, epigynous, free, filaments short, anthers long erect, their tips on a level with corolla- limb, not spurred behind; ovary 5-locular, style filiform the tip shortly 5-lobulate, ovules numerous; fruili ovate, crowned by the persistent calyx-limb, 1 cm. long, 8 mm. wide,

UPPER Burma: Clin Hills; King’s Collector! Kachin Hills; King’s Collector !

A second species or variety, Desmogyne minor, very similar to D. neriifolia but much smaller in all its parts. was obtained by Mr. Wallace, during the Railway Survey Expedition through the Hukang Valley.

Pirate 59.—Desmogyne neriifolia King $ Ргат. 1, branch with flowers and fruit; 2, flower in vertical section; 3, calyx-limb, laid open; 4, corolla, laid open; 5, stamens, in situ, the corolla removed ; 6 stamens, seen from inside; 7, single anther x2, from inside; 8, the same x2, from outside; 9, placenta- tion; 10, seed; 11, pedicel, in fruit, showing the cup-like apex; 12, ovary, in transverse section, with the ring-like apex of pedicel surrounding it; 13, floral diagram. '

а. K. ; D. Р.

PLATE 60 A. 61. ANDROSACE Hannrssu Duthie їп Ree, Dot. Survey of India, 1, 161 (1898),

Natural order Primulacez.

Perennial; stems woody, much branched, lower naked portions concentrically leaf- scarred ; leaves imbricate, in compact squarrose rosettes, 3—4 mm. long, ligulate or somewhat boat-shaped, acute and subspinulose, pale-green turning to a chesnut-brown colour when older, quite glabrous; bases dilated and with membranous edges; scapes

5 to 2 em. long, solitary at the ends of the leaf-rosettes, bearing umbels of 8—5 flowers, clothed with short, crisp, glandular hairs; bracts 2—5, rather unequal, boat-shaped, entire, hairy; pedicels 4—6 mm. long, deflexed after flowering; calyx densely glandular- hairy, turbinate, shorter than the pedicels; segments rounded, imbricate, about 1 the length of the tube, smooth inside; corolla white, about 5 mm. in dium.; tube globose, membranous, equalling the calyx; mouth constricted by a prominent 2 lobes spread. ing, broadly obovate or spathulate, emarginate; stamens attached }-way dowa the corolla- tube, on very short filaments; anthers globose ; capsule turbinate, flattened above; style 1 mm. in length ; seeds 8, oval-oblong.

N.-W. Himaraya: Chitral district, above Zidrat, at an elevation of about 11,000 feet (Herb. Хо. 16354) Found by Captain Harriss, г.м.з., during the Chitral Relief Expedition of 1895. Flowers in June.

This plant very much resembles in habit A. Tapete Maxim.: it differs, however by ihe flowers being in umbels, in the glabrous leaves, and in the shape of the corolla. lobes; the seeds also ате more numerous. Mr. J. В. Drummond, rc.s, who kindly undertook, when in England іп 1898, to compare specimens of this plant at the Royal Herbarium, Kew, is inclined to regard it and A. Lehmarni Wall. as extreme forms cf A. squarrcsula Maxim. I have not seen specimens of the latter.

48

Рілте 60 A.—Androsace Harrissi Duthie. A portion of plant,—of natural sise, Fig. 1, rosette of leaves; 2, single flower; 3, calyx, laid open to show the capsule; 4, corolla, laid open; 5, stamens; 6 seed,—

all enlarged. 9. Е. Di

РГАТЕ 60 В.

69. ANDROSACE FRAGILIS Duthie in Journ. Bomb. Nat. Hist. Soc. ined.

Natural order Primulacez.

Perennial ; whole plant excessively glandular-viscid ; petioles, peduncles and pedicels slender, wiry, brittle ; /eaves all radical; petioles 2—6 em. long; blade usually broader than long, 2—3 cm. wide and 1:5 to 2 сш, from base to apex, orbicular or reniform, cordate, deeply lobed, thinly cartilaginous, dark-green above, the lower surface reddish-brown turning to bright-red, glistening on both surfaces; veins promi- nent; lobes extending almost to the centre of the blade, overlapping at their apices, usually with 3 crenatures at the summit; peduncles far-exceeding the leaves, 9—19 em., usually curving upwards from the base, clothed with short silky pubescence with shorter glandular hairs intermixed; pedicels 2—3 cm. long, slender, spreading ; bracts cuneate-obovate or spathulate, often trifid at the apex, clothed with long silky hairs and shorter glandular ones; calyx broadly campanulate, deeply lobed, enlarging and spreading in fruit; lobes oblong or obovate, cuspidate, prominently veined; corolla slightly exceeding the calyx when in flower, deeply lobed; limb at first pure-white turning pink and afterwards bright-crimson; lobes obovate, bifid; tube short, globular, greenish ; stamens on very short filaments, attached to the corolla- tube 3-way up; ovary turbinate; style very short; capsule subglobose, usually covered by the marcescent corolla ; seeds about 20, “5 mm. long, ovate, flattened at the sides, minutely granular.

Western HIMALAYA; in Jaunsár and TehriGarhwál, in the valleys of the Tons and its tributaries, growing in crevices of rocks at elevations of between 3,000 and

7,000 feet.

Judging merely from herbarium specimen of this plant, it night very reasonably be regarded as only a variety of the polymorphous A. rotundifolia Hardw. Its peculiar habit, however, when seen in a living state, together with certain very distinctive characters enumerated іп the above description, fully entitle it, in my cpinion, to specific rank. At all elevations it maintains its habit of confining itself to the crevices of overhanging rocks, nearly always out of the reach of direct sunlight. At the higher elevations, where A. rotundifolia becomes abundant, I have failed to detect anything approaching to an interme- diate form. It is at once recognized by its rather small glistening dark-green leaves, its minute pure white and crimson flowers, and by the long slender petioles, peduncles and spreading pedicels. It is also a very much more viscid plant than any of the known varieties of A. rotundifolia.

Puare. 60 B.—Androsace fragilis Duthie. B. Entire plant; 7, and single leaf,—of natural size; 8, flower seen from above; 9, corolla, laid open to show the position of the stamen; 10, calyx, laid open to

show the young capsule; 11, ripe "fruit; 12, seed,—all enlarged. J. Е. D.

49 PLATE ۰ 63. PRIMULA INAYATI Duthie.

Natural order Primulacese.

Perennial ; roststock thick; leaves all radical, tapering into long slenler sheathing petioles, upwards of 3°2 dm. long by 1-3 сш. broad, narrowly oblanceolate, rounded or subacute at the apex, erose or unequally crenate-serrate along the margin, membranous, dark- green above and covered underneath with a lustrous, silvery-green mealiness ; petiole and midrib reddish-brown; veins slender, reticulate; scape very long, sometimes exceeding the leaves, stout, pilose towards the summit; /fowers numerous, in umbels; bracts 1—1:5 cm. long, linear or lanceolate, acuminate, bases not produced ; pedicels varying in length, upwards of 3 cm. when in fruit, clothed with dark-coloured spreading hairs; calyx 6 mm. long, divided half-way down into 5 ovate-lanceolate, acuminate lobes, green-mealy inside. enlarging in fruit, and with wide sinuses; corolla about 6 mm. across, its tube longer than the calyx; lobes obcordate ; anthers sessile, attached below the middle of the corolla-tube, ovate, acute; ovary globose, depressed at the summit; style longer than the ovary; capsule globose, included within the calyx; szeds minute, oval, compressed, with a winged appendage at either end,

N.-W. Himataya: Hazara, оп wet rocks in the Siran and Касап valleys, at eleva- tions between 4,509 and 6,000 feet (Herb. Nos. 19919, 21974); discovered by Inayat Khan, of the Botanical Department of N. India.

A very distinct species, approaching P. obtusifolia Royle, and P. elongata Watt. Only one specimen was found with the remains of flowers, the colour of which was not recognizible in the driel specimen. Its flowering season is probably during the late autumn. I have much pleasure in naming this species after my head plant collector, Inayat Khan, whose intelligence and enthusiasm have resulted in the discovery of several other new and rare plants in various parts of Northern India. Some diminutive single-flowered specimens, about 4 cm, high only, were gathered in the Siran Valley.

Puare 61. Primula Inayati Duthie. Portion of a plant,—of natural size. 1, a flower; 2, corolla, laid open; 3, calyx, laid open, showing the young capsule; 4, ripe capsule, enclosed in calyx; 5, seed,— all enlarged.

J. F. D.

PLATE 62.

64. PRIMULA HAZARICA Duthie, Natural order Primulacesze.

Height of plant up to 18 сш.; rootstock perennial; leaves 1:2 to 7:5 cm. long and 7 to 19 mm. wide, obovate or spathulate, tapering into the more or less broadly winged petiole, thin, green above, white-mealy beneath, denticulate; veins conspicuous on the under surface, curving upwards in forks and terminating in the marginal teeth; scape firm, up to 8 cm. long; flowers 1—many, in umbels, di-morphic; bracts linear, up to 7 mm. long, erect or reflexed at the apex, their bases not produced, minutely ciliate along the margin ; pedicels slender, varying in length, up to 25 mm., spreading or recurved and elongating in fruit; сауа 5—7 mm. long, cleft to or below the middle; lobes erect, lanceolate, acuminate, minutely ciliate; corolla bright purple, about 17

Any. Вот. Bor. Garp. Catc., Vor. ІХ,

--— ws oa am, Дым

50

mm, across; lobes obcordate, longer and narrower and not overlapping in the long- styled form; tube pale-yellow, 2—3 times the length of the calyx; capsule inciuded within the calyx, obovate, rounded at the apex; seeds many. |

Western HIMALAYA: abundant along the upper portions of the Kagán and Siran Valleys at elevations of between 10,000 and 14,000 feet; Duthies Collector, W. KASHMIR; in the Muzaffarabad district ; Duthie’s Collector. |

Closely allied to P. Jaffreyana King, a very rare Eastern Himalayan species found in the Chumbi Valley at an elevation of about 12,000 feet. It differs in the venation of the leaves, and in the shape of the ovary; the underside of the leaves are persistently coated with a brilliant silvery mealiness.

Pirate 62. Primula hazarica Duthie. A plant of the short-styled form,—of natural size. А, short- styled form. Fig. 1, single flower; 2, corolla, laid open; З, calyx, laid open, showing the ovary and style,—a enlarged. В, long-styled form. Fig. 1, single flower; 2, corolla, laid open; 3, calyx, laid open; 4, ripe capsule; 5, seeds, —a// enlarged. |

Je RU EN

PLATE 603. 65. SIDEROXYLON LONGEPETIOLATUM King & Pra,

Natural order Sapotacez.

A considerable tree with straight stem and rather slender horizontal branches, somewhat buttressed below ; innovations with sparse, rusty, caducous tomentum ; leaves very large, especially on younger trees, glabrous, shining, entire, thinly papery, obovate- lanceolate, acute rarely obtuse, narrowed from the middle to a rather stout, long petiole; nerves very slightly ascending, parallel, looping within the margin, 20—25 pairs, secondary venation finely distinctly reticulate; lamina 8—16 cm. long, 3'5—7 cm, wide, on young trees sometimes 70—75 cm, long, 30 сш. wide; petioles 4—7 em. long; flowers axillary, near apices of branches, usually in fascicles of 6—10, lower down with sparsely pubescent, furrowed peduncles 2—6 cm. long springing from the centre of the axillary fascicle and bearing at intervals, 1 cm. apart, similar fascicles racemosely disposed; pedicels slender, pubescent, “75 cm. long; bracts and bracteoles minute ; calyz puberulous externally, glabrous within, lobes 5, suborbicular, much imbricated ; corolla campanulate, lobes oblong, obtuse, imbricated ; stamens 5, attached to base of corolla, opposite the lobes; staminodes 5, subulate, attached between corolla-lobes ; torus annular, pubescent ; ovary 5-celled, pubescent, subglobose; style conical, short ; stigma minute; ovules in each cell solitary, attached near base to inner angle; fruit ovoid and l-seeded, less often globose 2-seeded, with succulent pericarp, indehiscent, at first yellow, when fully ripe of dark-maroon colour; 4 сш. long, 2:5—4 em, in diameter ; seeds 1 or 2, compressed subfusiform, 9:25 сш. long, 1:5 em. wide, 1 cm. thick, testa thiek, coriaceous, dark-brown or almost black with a pale-pink hilum extending nearly the whole length of the seed. Gluta longepetiolata Kurz, Pegu Forest Кер, App. A. 41 (1875); Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxv. 2. 210 (1876); For. Flor. Brit. Burma i, 310 (1817). Sideroxylon ferrugineum Prain in Journ. Аз. Soc, Beng. ізі, 9. 79 (1893) parüm, non Н, $ A. :

ANDAMANS: near Port Blair; Kurz! Е, Н, Man! Narcondam; Prain! BURMA: Tenasserim, Mittikit Forest; Falconer n. 311 |

ol

This species has been somewhat troublesome to deal with. One of us, in working through the material of Anacardiaceae in the Calcutta herbarium, had in 1895 to remove from the genus С the specimens on which the late Mr. Kurz based his proposed species Gluta longepetiolata, Examining them together we recognised that they were undoubtedly conspecific with a tree of which the other had personally collected speci- mens in the island of Narcondam, and recognising it as a JSiderozylon, had tentatively included in his Narcondam list under S. ferrrgineum, a species that also occurs іп Narcondam. Of the same tree there are several examples under cultivation in the Calcutta Garden, raised from seed received from Mr. E. Н. Man, crr, of Port Blair. Before formally announcing the reduction of Mr. Kurz’s species it seemed to us better to wait till tke frees at Calcutta had flowered and fruited. This has now occurred and the drawings given in PLATE 63 have been made from living trees in Hort. Calcutta.

The species is very nearly related to Sideroxzyion nitidum ВІ, of which large suites of specimens have recently been recetved from Java through the kindness of Dr. Treub and Mr. Koorders. Тһе leaves of cur tree are, however, thinner as well as larger than those of S. лишит; its flowers are rather, and its fruits much, larger.

In the Flora of British India, iii, 542. and in the Journal cf the Asiatic Society of Bengal, xlvi. 2. 230, reference is made to a specimen collected by Falconer in the Mittikit Forest, Martaban, which is said to be nearly allied to Palaguium polyanthum (Isonandra or Dichopsis polyantha of the works quoted). Faleoner’s specimen does not, however, belong to any Palaquium but to the species now described,

Prate 63.—-Sideroxylon longepetiolstum King $ Prain. 1, flowering branch; 2, fruiting branch ; 3, flower,—of natural size; 4, bud, seen from side; 5, bud, from above; 6, calyx, laid open ; 7, the same, in section, to show aestivation; 8, corolla, laid open, showing insertion of stamens and staminodes; 9, stamens; 10, ovary, the calyx removed; 11, very young ovary, showing relation to enlarged annular torus ; 12, vertical section of flower; 13, transverse section of ovary,—a/] enlarged ; 14, fruit with single seed; 15, fruit with two seeds; 16, seed; 17, seed, cut transversely,—a// of natural size.

Q: №: БР;

PLATE 64. 66. Hoya oBRENIFORMIS King Mss. in Herb. Calcutta. Natural order Asclepiadacez.

A herb with slender, minutely puberulous, creeping and rooting stem and pendulous branches; leaves obcordate or obreniform, sometimes broader than long, lobes rounded, sinus acute, base rounded or subacute, rather thin, opaque, nerves obscurely reticulate, faintly visible above not evident beneath, bright-green above, paler beneath; length 1:25—2°5 cm., width 2°25—2°5 em. ; flowers 15—20, in rather loose umbels on peduncles puberulous like the stems, 3°5—6 cm. long, pedicels slender, glabrous; calyz pale-green, lobes triangular acute; corolla white, 1 em. wide; lobes triangular obtuse with villous margins and upper surface. Н. obcordata Hook. f. in Flor, Brit, Ind, iv. 56 ( whe not of Teysm, & Binnend. Cat. Hort. Bog. 385 (1866).

Ann. Roy. Bor. Gard., Care.. Vor. ІХ.

52

SIKKIM : Chakoong, 4—6,000 #.; Hooker. Kalit; T. Thomson 1 Yoksum; Clarke! Rungbee, Sureil, etc., 5,000—6,000 ft.; Кт!

This species was first described by Sir J. D. Hooker in 1883; the name used being, however, preoccupied it is necessary to provide another. In August 1875, a drawing was made from a living plant to which drawing, and to the specimens that correspond, the Mss, name now used was attached. The figure given on PLATE 64 is a reproduction of the drawing alluded to.

Pirate 64,—Hoya obreniformis King. 1, portion of plant from Rungbee, Sikkim,—of natural size; 2, calyx-limb; 3, corolla, from above; 4, the same, from below; 5, pollen-masses; 6, ovary,—

all enlarged. с. К.

РГАТЕ 65. 67. CEROPEGIA KACHINENSIS Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxix. 2. 170 (1900).

Natural order Asclepiadacee.

A slender tuberous-rooted rather extensive climber; lares membranous, quite glabrous on both surfaces, dark-green above, pale beneath, elliptic-ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 10—12 cm. long, 4-5 ст, wide, petiole glabrous, 1:22--2 сш. long; peduncles glabrous 2-—2:5 ст. long, 8—12-fld., pedicels glabrous, slender, 1:25— 1:5 cm. long; calyz-teeth lanceolate; corolla slightly curved, 3 cm. long, base very slightly swollen, tube slightly dilated at mouth and funnel-shaped, lobes oblong, half the length of the tube, their margins ciliate with purple hairs in the upper third, tube externally pale yellowish- green with fine purple lines on the lower two-thirds and faint purple spots on the upper third, internally purple with dark close-set lines in the lower two-thirds, rather bright-green in the upper third, lobes bright-green in .lower and pale-yellow in upper half on both sides; coronal lobes lanceolate, ciliate, reddish-purple, less than half as long as clavate straight processes; follicles 9—10 cm. long, 6 mm. thick, with discontinuous pale-purple streaks ; seeds ovate, compressed, 1 cm. long, 4 mm. wide, 2 mm. thick, C. pubescens Prain їп Вес. Bot. Surv. Ind. i. 252 (1898) not of Wall.

UPPER Burma: Kachin Hills, near Myitkyina ; Prain’s Collector.

‚ А very distinct species, nearest among Indian ones to б. Thwaitesii Hook. but with smaller flowers, |

PrATE 65.—Ceropegia kachinensis Prain. 1, portion of flowering stem; 2, tip of young branch,— of natural size; 3, single flower; 4, corolla, laid open,—of natural size; 5, corona, from side; 6, corona, from above; 7, corona, laid open; 8, pollen masses; 9, calyx, with pistil; 10, pistil, laid open; 11, ovule,—ali enlarged; 12, ripe fruit; 13, half of a single follicle; 14, placenta with seeds; 15, ripe seed,—a/] of natural size. The drawings are from life, from a plant sent from Myitkyina, which flowered and fruited in the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta.

СІР

PLATE 66, 68. CoTYLANTHERA PAUCISQUAMA Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. iv. 94 (1883).

Natural order Gentianacee. A small glabrous parasitic herb, 6—10 cm. high; stems white, fleshy; leaves reduced to 1—2 pairs of opposite elliptic-lanceolate scales, 4 mm. long, white;

53

flowers solitary terminal; calyx deeply 4-lobed, lobes triangular with thickened midrib, white, 3 mm. long; corolla divided nearly to the base into 4 linear-oblanceolate, obtuse segments 8 mm. long, dark-blue; síamens 4, filaments linear, flattened, white, 3°5 mm. long, anthers yellow, oblong, innate, dehiscence by a terminal pore; ovary globose; style cylindric, pinkish-purple, 6 mm. long, stigma small, capitate, yellow.

Eastern 1۸۲۸۶۸۰ Sikkim; King. British Bhutan ; бате.

The above description is taken from a manuscript account of the living plant written by Sir George King and from a drawing, also from life, made at the same time by his native artist. The elevation given in the Flora of British India is 6,000 ft. but the original note reads “Sikkim, ۶ 6,000 feet, July 1875." It has been carefully searched for since but has never again been found in Sikkim and has only once been found again at all,—in British Bhutan and at a low elevation.

Pirate 66.—Cotylanthera paucisquama Clarke. 1, plant,—of natural вів; 2, corolla, laid open ; 3, stamens; 4, ovary,—al? slightly enlarged.

ar € D. Р,

PLATE 67. 69. GLEADOVIA RUBORUM Gamble & Prain in Journ, Аз. Soc, Beng. lxix. 2. 489 (1900).

Natural order Orobanchacez.

A fleshy, leafless herb about 6 in. high, of which only about one-half epigeal ; root-stock very thick especially where attached to host; scales ovate, the lower rounded, the uppermost sometimes 2-fid; flowers paniculate, bracts solitary, 2 cm. long, sheath- ing, rounded, pedicel stout, 1 cm. long, bracteoles 2, 2—3 cm. long, spathulate, acute, concave; calyx light-red, tubular, somewhat inflated, regularly 5-lobed, 3-3۰5 сш. long, lobes pale; corolla red with darker veins, tube as long as calyx, slightly curved, dis- tinctly 2-lipped, upper lip of 2 connate lobes, rounded, slightly dentate, lower of 3 narrow, spathulate, subequal lobes, acutely dentate ; stamens 4, geniculate at point of insertion, anthers elongate, spurred, connective produced in a 2-fid cone, hairy above; ovary cylindric; style long, incurved at apex; stigma of 2 broad semi-orbicular lobes depressed in the centre; ovary l-celled ; placentz 2 pairs, central, partly united, partly free, ovules very many; fruit subglobose; seeds very many, minute, with loose reticulate testa.

N.-W. НіматауА: Bodyar, Jaunsar, 8,000 ft, in shady woods of fir and deodar on roots of wild raspberry (Rubus niveus), very scarce; Gleadow & Gamble! Duthie ! |

Prate 67.—Gleadovia ruborum Gamble $ Prain. 1, plant, from Bodyar Jaunsar; 2, single flower, front view, unopened; 3, single flower, from side, fully open; 4, corolla, laid open to show insertion of stamens; 5, bracteoles; 6, calyx, laid open, showing lobes; 7, ovary with stigma; 8, vertical section of the same; 9, transverse section of ovary near middle; 10, the same halfway between middle and base, showing the placente discrete; 11, the same, near base, showing the placents further separated by a partial false dissepiment, this becomes more marked іп fruit; 19, fruit,—of natural size; 13, seeds, seen from side and in front; 14, the same, half of the loose testa cut away; 15, body of seed covered by tegmen; 16, the same in vertical section with embryo; 17, floral diagram. ` "The whole of the analyses are from fresh or spirit specimers.

#. 5 Gy D. P,

PLATE 68. 70. DIDYMOCARPUS ELATIOR Prain їп Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvii. 2. 299 (1898).

Natural order Gesneracez,

A small undershrub, the young branches rufescent with spreading hairs, at length glabrous; leaves opposite, of each pair unequal, ovate-lanceolate, slightly unequal- sided, base cuneate, apex acuminate, margin iinely serrate, lamina sparsely adpressed puberulous above, pubescent especially on the nerves beneath, 4—-8 сш. long, 2'9—9'9 em. wide, petioles rufous-pubescent, 2 cm. long; cymes few-flowered, axillary, with slender, elongated, puberulous peduncles 3 сш, long, bracts lanceolate; pedicels 1 em. long, slender; calyz 6 mm. long, campanulate, split to the middle or rather lower into 5 ovate-acute teeth; corolla pale-purple, subsymmetric, tubular, almost straight, very sparingly puberulous without, З cm. long; capsule 2°5—3 cm. long, 4 mm. wide, erect on the pedicel.

Вовмл: Kachin Hills, near Sima, on banks of streams, at 5,000 ft. elev.; King’s Collector !

A very distinct species unlike any other northern опе, and in habit most resembling D. corchorifolia Wall, a native of Penang and Malacca. The peduncles are oftenest 3-flowered but are поб infrequently 5-flowered owing to the lateral flowers of the cyme being geminate instead of solitary. |

Pirate 68.—Didymocarpus elatior Prain. 1, flowering branch; 2, fruiting branch; from Kachin Hills,—of natural size; 3, flower, corolla removed; 4, corolla of same, laid open; 5, stamen

aud staminode; 6, ovary ;-а somewhat enlarged. a E

PLATE 69A. 71. PLECTRANTHUS PHARICUS Prain in Journ.’ Аз. Soc. Beng. lix. 2. 297 (1890).

Natural order Labiate.

A dwarf tomentose or puberulous undershrub ; stems woody and rounded below, 4-angled above, 15—30 em. high; leaves small, sessile or subsessile, ovate or rounded, crenate, glabrate above, tomentose at least on the nerves beneath, 1—1:25 cm. long, under 1 cm. wide; cymes few-flowered, rather dense, racemosely set on axillary peduncles 5—7:5 mm. long; calyx pedicellate, narrow, sub-bilabiate, subhispid, strongly nerved, enlarging in fruit, 4 mm. (in fruit 7 mm.) long, 2°5 mm. wide; teeth acute, the two lower one-half longer than the three upper, the tube contracted above the nutlets in fruit, the pedicels 2—3 mm. long; corolla 9 mm. long, tube short (only 4 mm. long) and wide (2:5 mm.), lips large the lower 5 mm. long ; nut/eís pale, faintly reticulated, smooth, oblong, 2°5 mm. long, 1:5 mm, broad.

Eastern HIMALAYA : Phari; Sourg Тівет: Wei; King’s Collectors !

An exceedingly distinct species, а member of the group which includes Plectranthus

í

melissoides Benth., and P. rugosus Wall., between which it stands in some respects inter- medaite, | |

55 Pare 69 A.—Specimen of Plectranthus pharious Prain, from Phari ;—of natural size. 1, flower x 2; 2, fruiting calyx x 2; 3, half of corolla, showing staminal insertion x 2; 4, nutlets x 4.

B Е;

PLATE 69В. 72. PrEcrRANTHUS Коват Praia in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lix. 9, 996 (1890). Natural order Labiate.

A herb with simple, ascending, glabrous, rather flaccid, somewhat bluntly 4-angled stems 30—40 cm. high; leaves broadly orbicular, obtuse, 4--45 cm. long and 4—5 cm. wide, base cuneate, entire, narrowed gradually into a petiole proper 1—3 cm. long, beyond the middle with 3-7 wide serrations increasing forward, the terminal always largest, sometimes 775 em. long and 1% em. wide, always blunt; cymes disposed іп a narrow, solitary, terminal panicle shorter than stem or with also a few axillary racomes shorter than the leaves, the longest 6—10 cm. long, lax-flowered; calyx glabrous, 2 mm. long, teeth subequal, acute; corolla 7 mm. long, tube nearly straight, cylindric, gibbous at base above ; stamens not exserted ; nuileós minute, broadly ovoid, about 1 mm. long.

біккім : between Ratong and Yoksum; 7. Anderson! Kurz !

This species most resembles Plectranthus excisus Maxim., from China, but is smaller in all its parts.

Рьлте 69 B.—Specimen of Plectranthus Kurzii Prain, from Sikkim,—of natural size. 5, flower x 2; 6, calyx, laid open, showing ovary and style x 2; 7, half of corolla, showing staminal insertion, x 2;

`8, upper lip x 2; 9, lower lip x 2; 10, anthers x 6; 11, nutlets x 4. D. P.

PLATE 70. 79. PLECTRANTHUS Комзтревт Prain іп Journ. Аз. Soc. Deng. lxvi, 2. 521 (1897).

Natural order Labiate.

A stout herb, almost shrubby, 30—60 cm. high, everywhere finely puberulous ; leaves pale-green especially beneath and there sparsely glandular-puberulous, darker and faintly puberulous above, lamina ovate-acute with entire cuneate base and short entire sub-acuminate tip, margin elsewhere regularly crenate, 8—19 сш, long, 4—5 em. wide, petiole 4—5 cm. long; ewers in stout, branched panicles with ascending branches; сайт 95 mm, in fruit enlarging 5 mm. long, gland-dotted, two lower teeth subulate, lateral pair ovate-acute, upper orbicular-ovate ; coroll: pale-green, faintly dotted, 10 mm. long; tube decurved and gibbous at base, опе and-a-half times as long as the boat-shaped lower lip, upper lip short; filaments free from each other from the point where they become free from the corolla-tube ; пийе oblong, brown with

darker tips, hardly shining.

Maayan PENINSULA : Perak, at Kuala Dipong; Kunstler 8210! A very distinct species, nearest, on the whole, to Р, urticifolius Н, f.

56

Pirate 70.—Plectranthus Kunstleri Prain. 1, flowering stem,—of natural size; 2, flower; 3, corolla, laid open, showing staminal insertion; 4, ovary and style; 5, nutlet; 6, the same, opened, showing seed; 7, seed,—all enlarged.

DE

PLATE 71А, 74. SCUTELLARIA ANDAMANICA Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lix. 2. 307 (1890).

Natural order Labiatz.

A glabrous herb; s/ems woody and subterete below, 4-angled above and grooved, 20—25 em. high, rather numerous from a woody rootstock with clustered rootlets, erect, simple or branched, rigid; 0407 few, long-petioled, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, crenate-den- tate except at the entire tapering cuneate base, lamina 4—4:5 cm. long, 1—1:'5 em. across, crenatures 7—8 on each side, petioles 8—4 cm. leng; flowers opposite or in whorls of threes except the uppermost scattered, in racemes 8—10 cm. long, bracts 3 mm. long equalling the pedicels; calyz З mm. long; corolla blue with centre of lip white, 16 mm. long; rutlets pale-brown, scabrid, 1 mm. long.

AwDAMANS: South Island, on rocks in stream-beds a few feet above sea-level, Prain ! King’s Coilectors ! E. H. Man!

This species is somewhat nearly allied to S, discolor Colebr. of which it has quite the corolla and has also, near the top of the spike, the scattered flowers. In foliage it, on the other hand, imitates 8. oblonga Benth., a species growing at elevations of 5,000 feet in Ceylon. It has, however, a calyx which in ripe fruit is only one-third the size of that of 5, oblonga and which is not longer even then than its pedicel, whereas the ripe calyx of S. oblonga considerably exceeds its pedicel in length. Тһе plant now described has proved a welcome addition to Indizn horticulture; its neat compact habit and its: dark green leaves with a purplish tinge 5eneath render it useful, particularly іп plant- ing rockwork. !

Рілте 71 A.—Plant of Scutellaria andamanica Prain, from South Andaman,—of na‘ural size. 1, flower with bract x 2; 2, half of corolla, showing staminal insertion x 2; 3, portion of style and stigma x 4; 4, calyx in fruit x 2; 5, nutlets x 10.

AA I.

PLATE 71B.

75. SCUTELLARIA PETIOLATA Hemsl. $ Lace oz Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng, lix. 2. 308 (1890),

Natural order Labiate.

Glabrous, stems slender, round, 13—25 сш. long., hardly as thick as crow-quills, tufted from a woody rootstock 1 cm. thick; leaves petioled, ovate acute, base truncate entire, margins with 2—3 shallow crenations on each side, anterior third entire, petioles *75—3 сш. long, lamina 2—3 em. long, 1:5—92 em. across; both surfaces quite glabrous ; lowers in long, narrow racemes, bracts ovate, entire, petioled, 8 mm, long, 3 mm. across,

97

hardly leafy, only the lowest exceeding pedicels and calyx; pedicels 2 mm. long; calyz 4 mm. long, 3 mm. wide; corolla-tube 22 mm. long, limb 5 mm. across, upper lip notched 4 mm. long, lower 6 mm.; nutlsts elliptic, 2 mm. long, granulate, Journ. Linn. Soc. xxviii, 326 (1891),

BILUCHISTAN : Quetta district, Duthie’s Collectors 1 Lace 4006!

Рьлте 71B.—Specimen of Seutellaria petiolata Hemsl. & Lace, from Biluchistan. 6, flower with braot x 2; 7, half of corolla showing staminal insertion x 2; 8, fruiting calyx x 2; 9, nutlets x 6.

D. Р.

PLATE 71С. 76. SCUTELLARIA KINGIANA Prain in Journ, As. Soc. Beng. lix. 2. 308 (1890).

Natural order Labiate.

Stems puberulous, slender, decumbent, 15—18 cm. long, several together from a creeping slender rootstock; leaves pubescent, petioled, ovate-orbicular, obtuse, crenate except the rounded base, Jamina 18 mm. long, 14 mm. wide, crenatures few (8—11) rather wide, petioles 5—6 mm. long; lowers axillary, few, shortly pedicelled; ca/yz puberulous, twice as long as pedicels, 4 mm. long, 3 mm. wide at mouth; corolla puber- uious, white, 30 mm. long, the tube 22 mm, long, the limb 5 mm. wide; filuments glabrous; nutiets not seen,

Тівет: Kang-ma, 60 miles north of Phari on the banks of the Pe-na-mong Chu, King's Colvector ! This very beautiful species has only once been collected; it flowers in August.

Рглтк 710.—Scutellaria Kingiana Prain. Specimen from Kang-ma in Southern Tibet—of natural size; 10, flower—of natural sis; 11, half of corolla, showing staminal insertion x 2; 12, portion of style and stigma x 4; 13, lateral half of corolla, showing gynophore, ovary and base of style x 2; 14, calyx—left hand, posterior; right hand, anterior, internal faces of calyx x 2.

1 Ф.

PLATE 724. 77. MOLUCELLA OTOSTEGIOIDES Prain in Journ, Аз. Soc. Beng. liz. 2. 1 (1890.

Natural order Labiate. | An erect perennial with slender, green, glabrous, 4-angled branches; leaves 4 cm, long; narrowed at the base, lanceolate, acute but hardly pungent at the tip, entire, nerve- less; flowers in distant many-flowered axillary whorls, bracts 3-partite, subulate, all spines- cent; calyz obliquely campanulate, 9—11-toothed and 2-lipped, the limb prolonged behind as an erect spinescent tooth and spreading in front as а 3-partite lip with smaller radiat. ing marginal lateral spines, glabrous, rigidiy coriaceous, tube 8 mm. long exceeding the bracts, the upper half externally distinctly reticulate-veined, throat naked, upper lip 6 mm. long, lower 3 mm. long, 4 mm. across; corolla-tube included, 7 mm. long, obliquely annulate within, upper lip erect, concave, entire, villous externally, lower 3-fid, midlobe obcordate; stamens 4 ascending, exserted, anterior longer, anthers conniveut 2-locular ; style 2.lobed, arms subequal; ovary and тиЙеіз truncate. 4

Axx. Ror. Рот. Garp. Carc, Vor. IX.

58

Waziristan: Zam defile in the Suleiman range, 3,500 feet; J. L. Stewart п. 138! Wana, 4,500 feet; Duthie’s Collector п. 15788.

This curious species has all the facies of Osostegia limbata and О. Aucheri, the leaves being in shape like those of the latter, but like those of the former in not haing pungent tips. The ovary, however, makes its reference to Otostegia or to the adjacent genera Roylea or Ballota impossible, while its glabrous anthers exclude it from Lagochilus. It is therefore necessary to refer the species to Molucella in spite of the fact that it is very unlike the other species of the genus. The calyx of this plant is, though on a smaller scale, exactly that of Moiuceila spinosa Linn.; the species is therefore referable to § Chasmonia,

PLATE 72A.—Plant of Molucella otostegioides Prain, from the Zam defile,—of natural size. 1, single flower with bract x 2; 2 and 3, calyx, from behind and in front x 2; 4, corolla, laid open, showing staminal insertion x 2; 5, ovary and style x 2; 6, ovary (immature nutlets) x 6,

PLATE 72B. 78. Leucas Сомлтти Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lix. 9. 313 (1890).

Natural order Labiate.

Rootstock perennial, woody; stems densely softly silky with spreading hairs, simple, short, about 8—15 cm. long, rather stout, bluntly angled and distinctly grooved; leaves all sessile, small, 1%25--1:5 сш. long, 1—1:25 cm. wide, close-set, thick, ovate-acute, base truncate or subcordate entire, margin elsewhere coarsely serrate, softly silky on both surfaces; whorls many-flowered, bracts short, linear; calyx 5 mm. long, mouth truncate with ten very short erect teeth and these very closely villous but elsewhere glabrous within; corolla 7 mm. long, tube not exserted and not annulate.

UPPER Burma: Popah Hill, 5,000 feet; Collett n. 29.

This species in externals resembles very closely the densely woolly form of Leucas lanata Benth. from the dry hills of the Deccan (L. collina Dalz.) but on closer examin- ation is readily distinguished by the calyx which is densely villous within .at the mouth only, and not, as in all the forms of L. lanata, sparsely hirsute throughout the upper third; the corolla too is very different in showing no trace of an annulus within the tube.

Pirate 72B.—T wig of Leucas Collettii Prain, from Popah Hill in Burma,—of natural size; 7, flower, with bract x 2; 8, calyx, laid open, seen from within x 2; 9, corolla, laid open, from within x 2; 10, upper lip of corolla, from outside x 2; 11, ovary and style x 2; 12, anthers x 4.

` D. Р,

PLATE 72С.

79. STACHYS CORDIFOLIA Prain in Journ. As, Soc. Beng, Их. 2. 310 (1890).

Natural order Labiate. Herb, rootstock slender creeping; stems ascending, 4-angled, sparsely hirsute with long spreading white hairs, 25—30 cm., simple or branching at the base; leaves long- | petioled, radical very small, 1 cm. long, "75 cm. wide, petioles as long, cauline 2°5 cm,

59

long, 2 cm. wide, petioles 1:5--2 cm., all ovate, obtuse or subacute, deeply cordate, crenate, hispid on both surfaces with long simple hairs, those on petioles spreading, floral leaves ovate, subsessile, the uppermost shorter than calyx; whorls 4—6-flowered, distant, bracts minute; calyx glandular-pubescent, widely campanulate, slightly oblique, tube 3°5 mm. long, teeth triangular, acute, 1:5 mm.; corolla pale-pink, 12 mm, long, tube 7 mm. long, exserted.

TAPING VALLEY on the North-Eastern Frontier of Burmh: at Mawyne and Momien ; J. Anderson !

PLATE 720.—Plant of Stachys cordifolia Prain, from Mawyne,—of natural size; 13, flower with bract x 2; 14, calyx, laid open x 2; 15, corolla, laid open and showing staminal insertion x 2; 16, ovary with style x 2,

IX T.

PLATE 73.

80. Рнгомів OBLONGIFOLIA 0. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Plant. ii. 599 (1891); Prain in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard., Calcutta, ii. 231 (1891).

Natural order Labiate.

Shrubby, stems 60—90 cm. high, at first hirsute with deflexed soon deciduous hairs; leaves oblong-ovate, acuminate, distinctly wide-toothed except at the cuneate base glabrous beneath, sparingly hispid above, 15—90 ст. long, 6—8 сш, wide, petioles very slender, 5—10 cm. long; flowers in small, densely hirsute, distant axillary whorls; bracts filiform, hirsute, rather shorter than calyx; calyx obconic-campanulate, tube slightly curved forward, hirsute throughout, membranous, 1:25 cm. long, teeth subulate from a shortly triangular base, two-thirds the length of the tube; corolla light-yellow, 2 сш. long, densely pubescent outside on both lips, upper lip narrow, subtruncate at apex, one fourth as long as tube, lower lip with subequal rounded lobes; annulus distinct; stamens without appendages on posterior pair; posterior style-arm much shorter than the anterior. Leonurus oblongifolius Blume, Bijdr. 828 (1826); Benth. Lab. Gen. & Sp. 552 (1833) and DC. Prodr. xii. 502 (1848); Walp. Бер. iii, 812 (1845). Gomphostemma macrophyllum Mig. Flor. Ind, Bat. i. 988 (1856).

Maraya: Java; Celebes.

This species closely resembles and is nearly related to Phlomis (Paraphlomis) rugosa but is sufñciently distinguished by the longer hirsute calyx, the much shorter corolla- lips, the lower of which has in this species rounded instead of lanceolate lateral lobes. The style-arms are in this species of very unequal length, the lower being much the longer; in P. rugosa they are subequal. Another nearly related species is Phlomis javanica Prain (Leonurus javanicus Blume, Bijdr. 828: Gomphostemma petiolare Miq. Flor, Ind. Bat, ii. 987) of which no complete description has yet been given. Dr. Otto Kuntze, who has independently come to the same conclusion as the writer, referred to this plant under the same name in the same year, a fact of which the writer was unaware till Kuntze’s work reached Calcutta, some months after the third part of vol. iii of the Annals had been published. While it is doubtful whether Kuntze or the writer happened to be the first to publish the species as а Phlomis, there is little doubt that Kuntze must have been the earlier of the two to form

Ann. Roy. Bor. Garp. Carec. Vor. IX.

60 this opinion as to its affinities and the writer would therefore wish the name to be cited оп Kuntze’s authority rather than on his own.

Prate 73,—Phlomis oblongifolia Kuntze. 1, flower; 2, calyx, laid open; 3, half of corolla, showing staminal insertion and annulus; 4, ovary and style—of natural sise; 5, lower lip, inside x 2; 6, upper lip, а. inside, 6. back x 2; 7, anthers x 4. Flowering branch from Pangerango, in Western

Java, 4,500 feet elevation. D. Е.

PLATE 74.

81. Putomis rugosa Benth. in Wall. Cat, 2067 (1828), in Pl. As. Rar. і. 03 (1830), in Lab. Gen. $ Sp. 634 (1834) and іп DC. Prodr. xii, 545 (1848).

Natural order Labiate.

Shrubby; stems 60—90 cm. high, stout or slender, minutely hirsute with deflexed hairs; leaves elliptic or oblong-ovate, acuminate, shortly toothed, base cuneate or truncate, glabrous or with minute scattered hairs above, 15—20 cm. long, 8—10 cm. wide, petioles slender, 5—10 cm. long; flowers in small, distant or crowded whorls, often many below the leaves, 1:5—3 cm. іп diam,; bracts filiform, glabrescent, rather shorter than calyx; calyx obconic-campanulate, tube slightly curved forward, glabrous above, usually hispid towards the base, coriaceous below, thickly membranous above, 1۰25 сш, long, teeth slender, lanceolate from a triangular membranous base, two-thirds the length of the tube; corolla light-yellow or white, 2°5 cm. long, pubescent externally оп both lips, upper lip narrow, rounded at apex, half as long as tube, lower lip with oblong midlobe and lanceolate lateral lobes, aunulus distinct; stamens without appendages оп posterior pair; style arms sub-equal; пиНе 6 mm. long, obovoid, acute below and triquetrous, rounded above, glabrous. Walp. Rep. Ші. 889 (1845); Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind, iv. 693 (1885); Prain, Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard., Calcutta, ii. 231 (1891). Gomphos- temma membranifolium Mig. Flor. Ind, Bat. ii. 988 (1856).

Eastern НімАТАҮА: Sikkim; Kurz! King! Clarke! Bootan; Cummins! Mishmi; Grifith! Khasia; Wallich! Clarke! Hooker & Thomson! Mauaya: Perak; Kunstler ! Scortechini ! Java; Horsfield! Philippines; S. Vidal!

This species is so different in appearance and so distinct in its characters from every species of Phlomis except Р, oblongifolia and a third Malayan species (P. javanica), which is as yet somewhat incompletely known, that it would probably be advisable to treat them as three representatives of a genus distinct from Phlomis. They must at least be accommodated in a distinct section, which may be defined as follows :—

PARAPHLOMIS Prain ; corolle galea erecta extus barbata, intus glaberrima, staminibus posticis inappendiculatis.

If the generic rank to which the group is almost certainly entitled be recognised, the constituent species will be known ав РагарМотв oblongifolia, Paraphlomis rugosa and Paraphlomis javanica. |

Prats 74.—Phlomis rugosa Benth. 1, flower; 2, calyx, laid open; 3, half of corolla, showing staminal insertion and annulus,—aZ of natural size; 4, lower lip x 2; 5, upper lip, a. inside, ù. back к 2, 6, anthers x 4; 7, ovary and style,—of natural size; 8, nutlets, a. inner face, b. back view,— of natural size; 9, seed, and 10, embryo —of matura! візе. Flowering branch from а S:kkim example.

D. P,

61

PLATE 75. 82. ECRYSOLEN GRACILIS Prain in Sc. Mem. Med. Off. India xi. 44 (1898). Nalural crder Labiate.

A slender scandent shrub with cylindric slender branches, puberulous with close- set, adpressed, reflexed hairs; leaves ovate-acute, their bases cuneate entire tapering into a short petiole 2—5 mm. long, their anterior two-thirds rather coarsely toothed with 5—8 serrations on each side, membranous, pale-green, above with at first a sparse adpressed pubescence at length glabrescent, below puberulous on the midrib and main- nerves elsewhere glabrous, secondary nerves 3—4 pairs; flowers small, condensed in axillary and terminal spikes 25—4 cm. long, 1 сш. across; bracts hardiy exceeding the 155 mm. long pedicels; calyx tubular-campanulate, 4 mm. long, 10-nerved, 5-toothed, the two anterior teeth rather exceeding the other three but hardly 2-lipped, glabrous within, sparsely puberulous externally, in fruit the teeth erect and the tube slightly urceolate; corolla 7 mm. long, tube exserted, annulate within, below the annulus slender and straight, gibbous in front above the annulus; the limb 2-lipped, the upper lip erect slightly concave and retuse at the tip, the lower longer spreading 3-fid, the side lobeg much smaller than the median; stamens 4, didynamous, the lower longer, all ascending under the upper lip and all exserted, the anthers ovate-reniform, 1-locular, those of the upper stamens rather smaller than the others, the filaments puberulous with whitish hairs; dise uniform; ovary substipitate, style subequally 2-fid, lobes acute; nutiets (only seen young) smooth towards periphery of pistil, papillose-glandular on their upper and mesial aspects.

Каснім Hirs: Sadon; Prain’s Collector /

This plant forms the type of a genus that it has seemed to the writer best to place tentatively among the Prusiee near Gomphostemma. The anthers appear to be l-celled from a very early stage. From its unfortunately not yet having been collected in ripe fruit it is not possible to be absolutely certain as to its tribal position. The writer’s difficulty in the matter led to his submitting a specimen of the plant, with a copy of the description, to Mr. Briquet of Geneva, whose masterly account of the natural order Labiate in Engler's Naturlichen Pflanzenfamilien marks him as the greatest living authority on this difficult family. Mr. Briquet has very courteously examined the specimen and has written the following valuable note on the plant :—

“Ав concerns the Eurysolen I have examined the specimen you sent to me closely and quite agrce w.th you that it cannot be placed in any of the genera known up to date.

“T am very puzzled as to its place and must frankly confess that I do not dare to place it precisely in any of the tribes without knowing the ripe fruit. The nutlets are too young to allow saying if the fruit will be partite or only 4-lobed, viz:—if the surface of insertion will be basilar and small or lateral and larger. They are too young also to allow saying if the pericarp will be thick and more or less fleshy, or thin and dry. If we had a dry (often thick) pericarp with lateral surface of insertion we should have to do with a genus of Ajugoidew-Ajugee. In that tribe we have plants with 1-celled anthers, looking exactly like the anthers of your specimen. These are, without doubt, due to the fusion of the two cells. This manner of speaking has a purely phylogenetic meaning, for in many instances the cells appear coherent from the beginning! The way in which the anther rests on the top of the filament (in the middle instead of the top of the anther) is very decisive in this respect. Among the Ajugee your genus would be T distinguished by the organisation of the corolla and of the androecium.

62

“Tf the nutlets have a thick and fleshy pericarp and a basilar surface of insertion then the position you give to the genus would be very good.

** At all events, the plant represents a new genus and your description gives a good idea of it.”

Р лтЕ 75.—1, branch of Eurysolen gracilis Prain, from the Kachin Hills,—o/ natural size; 2, cyme, one flower fully opened x 4; 3, calyx, laid open x 4; 4, half of corolla, showing annulus, saccate pouch and staminal insertion x ©; б, ovary with style x 5; 6, anthers, and 7, vertical section through base of flower,—both considerably enlarged.

D. P.

PLATE 76. 83. GOMPHOSTEMMA INOPINATUM Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., lxix. 2. 172 (1900).

Natural order Labiatæ.

A stout herb; stems about 30 cm. high, ascending, rooting below, 4-grooved, with rounded angles, several from a woody stock, with dense, ash-grey, stellate tomentum and with copious, lax, spreading, white pubescence intermixed; leaves 4—6 pairs, the lowest small, the pairs 8—10 cm. apart, petioles 2°5—4 cm. e as much as 5 сш. long), pubescent like the stems but with fewer long lax white hairs in proportion to the stellate pubescence; lamina broadly ovate-acute, 8—12 cm. long, 4:5—7:5 cm. wide, the base of the lower leaves slightly cuneate, of the upper rounded; margin finely crenate except the basal fifth; nerves about six pairs ascending ; upper surface finely velvety with a soft, ash-grey, stellate pubescence interspersed with longer simple subadpressed tomentum, under surface softly velvety with a felted, whitish-grey, stellate pubescence; flowers densely whorled, in radical spikes 5 сш. long, 3 cm. wide, on erect peduncles 8--15 cm. long with sometimes a pair of small foliaceous bracts about 6 mm. below the spike; peduncles pubescent like the stem but terete and more slender; floral bracts obovate, dentate, sparsely stellate-pubescent, tinged with pink, the lowest 1:95 cm. long, *6 cm. wide; ca/yz wide-campanulate, glabrous within, tube rather closely stellate externally, limb with 5 equal, wide-triangular, claret or purple lobes sparsely stellate on the strongish central and weaker marginal nerves, 1:25 сш. long, 1 em. wide, the lobes “2 cm. long; bracteoles obovate-lanceolate, 5—6 mm. long, reddish ; corolla 2 cm. long, upper lip subentire, lower 3-lobed with slightly emarginate mid-lobe and inflated throat, hairy (apparently annulate) within; stamens exserted, filaments hirsute at their insertion; ovary and style glabrous; nutleis usually 4, sometimes 2—3, reddish, quite glabrous, wall very thickly coriaceous when dry.

UPPER Burma: Kachin Hills at Langkon, 3,000 feet elevation; Prain’s Collector!

Only one of the specimens had a few rather shrivelled corollas, from two of these, soaked as carefully as possible, the above description is given, Their colour is not particularly noted by the native collector, who simply remarks “flowers red,” with reference doubtless to the purple or claret-coloured calyx. Further examination of less advanced specimens will be required in order to confirm the existence of a distinct annulus: Its other characters however amply justify its title to specific rank. It is not very like any of the hitherto described Indian Gomphostemmata. The fact that the flowers occur on independent leafless stems or scapes recalis the habit of 6, chinense Oliv., and the fact that the calyx and less markedly the bracteoles are purple-coloured recalls also С. Curtisii, and б pedunculatum which are the other members of the group

63

Pedunculata to which 6. chinense belongs. The general facies of the species nevertheless rather recalls the бота group of the $ Pogosiphon to which, from the presence of hairs within the corolla tube, it must necessarily be referred. If, however, we are right in supposing that these hain form a distinct annulus, instead of being scattered as in the other Stroditiaa, it must be considered in this respect as linking that group with the hitherto somewhat isolated G. Hemsleyanum.

This is the second new species recorded since the publication by the writer in 1891 of An Account of the genus Gomphostemma (Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. , Calcutta, iii. 227 ef 84.) The other species, Gomphostemma furfuraceum Hallier fil, has been very fully and accurately described and figured by its author, after кайрай with the material in the Calcutta Herbarium, in Bull. de Vherbier Boissier vi. 851, 622 t, 9, f. 1 ae (1898) It is a species of Š Lugomphostemma, group Melissifolia, and as its bracts are not longer than the calyx it comes nearest to G, velutinum and С. Mastersii. The outer bracts are however in shape like those of G. ovatum and G. melissifoliun so that it stands, as its author has already indicated, intermediate between G. ovatum and 6. Mastersii. It is a native of Eastern Sumatra.

Prare 76.—Gomphostemma incpinatum Prain. 1, plant from the Kachin Hills,—of natural sise; 2, flower, with bract and bracteoles; 8, corolla, laid open; 4, calyx, in fruit, laid open to show nutlets in position; 5, single nutlet; 6, the same laid open showing seed within,—al/ enlarged.

DE

PLATE 77. 84, М№ЕРЕТА Pram Duthie.

| Natural order Гама.

Whole plant 35-45 dm. high, glandular-pubescent; rhizome woody; stems many, simple or branched, erect, rigid, scabrous, the lower portions hispid with stiff

ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, rounded or cordate at the base,

spreading hairs; leaves i ower

coarsely crenate, rugose on the upper surface, prominently veined beneath; leaves distinctly petioled, the upper smaller and subsessile; flora! leaves linear-lance- olate, acuminate, about 6 mm. long; verticillasters many-flowered; the lower ones distant and peduncled, the upper sessile; lowers hermaphrodite; bracts about 3 the length of the calyx, linear-lanceolate or setaceous, clothed with stiff spreading hairs; ealyz strongly 15-nerved, hispid with spreading hairs; tube cylindrical, curved, reddish- purple; mouth oblique; teeth lanceolate acuminate, 1 the length of the tube; corolla distinctly 2-lipped, exceeding the calyx; upper A erect, obcordate; lower deeply 3-lobed, hairy inside towards the base; side-lobes rounded; terminal bifid at the apex, its sides 3-lobulate; stamens slightly exserted, about equal in length, the anterior pair attached lower down on the corolla-tube than the posterior pair; filaments hairy towards their bases; style about аз long as the stamens; лийеіз under 2 mm. long,

oblong-oval, muriculate. N.-W. FRONTIER: Kurram Valley ; Duthie’s collector (No. 15432); Samana range,

E. C. Hare. This very distinct species falls, by its characters, into the section Sin

Boiss. 2, b (Flor. Orient. iv, 638).

64

Рулте 77.— Nepeta Prainii Duthie, Portion of a plant;—of natural sise. Fig. 1, side view of a single flower; 2, corolla laid open; 3, calyx laid open, showing the style and ovary; 4, ripe uutlet,—all enlarged.

J, Е. D.

PLATE 78. Ағвила Duthie in Journ. Bomb. Nat, Hist. Soc. хі. 696 (1898).

Natural order Labiate.

Саут tubular, 15-nerved, slightly curved, mouth oblique, entire; corolla-tube slender towards the base, exserted, without a ring of hairs within; limb 2-lipped, posterior erect, concave, bifid; lower spreading, 3-fid; mid-lobe larger than the lateral ones, bifid; stamens 4, nearly equal, ascending beneath the posterior lip, exserted or included; anthers 2-celled, lobes diverging and at length divaricate; disk divided into four equal lobes; sfyle included or exserted, bifid; lobes subulate, nearly equal; nutlets obovoid, minutely tuberculate, with a V-shaped areole at the base.—Suffruti- cose, with many branching stems; lowers in densely packed verticillasters forming compact terminal spikes, or with the lower clusters more or less interrupted; corolla pale-yellow tinged with lilac.

This genus is most nearly related to Nepeta, both as to its habit and in its general structure; but the truncate mouth of the calyx distinguishes it from all other genera of the tribe Nepetee. Тһе dimorphism of the flowers might suggest ап affinity with Ozynepeta of Bunge (a section of Nepeta), but the tendency in Afridia is towards a dicecious condition.

85. AFRIDIA NEPETEZFCRMIS Duthie,

A

А hoary-pubescent hrub; stems 8—6 dm.; leaves shortly stalked, 1:5 to 5 сш. by ‘7 to 29 cm., ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, cordate, crenate, rugose on upper surface, prominently veined beneath; spikes of long-styled form shorter and more compact than those of the saort-styled one; lower bracts leaf-like ; bracteoles membranous, shorter than the calyx, ovate, acute or acuminate, 8-nerved; calyz 6 mm. long, clothed with spreading hairs and more or less tinged with reddish purple; corolla 1 cm. in length, exserted, hairy outside; tube slender, curved; stamens of short-styled form exserted, nearly equal in length, the posterior pair slightly overtopping the anterior, filaments clothed with spreading hairs towards their bases, anther-lobes divaricate; stamens of long-styled form included, filaments very short, the posterior pair attached to corolla a little higher up, anther-lobes remaining confluent ; style slender, included or exserted. Nepeta suavis Stapf, Kew Bulletin (Dec. Kewens, xxiii, 227) for 1896, 19.

AFGHANISTAN: Grifith (No. 4060); Kurram Valley, at an elevation of 7,500 feet; Aitchison, 1879 (Nos. 634 and 613 “Nepeta sp."); at 8,000 feet, 1894; Harsukh (plant collector, Bot. Dept, N. India); Samánu range and Tirah, at elevations of between 4,500 and 8,500 feet; Inayat Khan (plant collector, Bot. Dept. М. India), 1897, No. 20921. |

65

Pirate 78.— Afridia nepetwformis Duthie. A-portion of plant of short-styled form,—of natural sise. B—portion of plant of long-styled form,—of natural size. Fig. 1, side-view of single flower of А; 2, corolla of ditto, laid open; 3, side-view of single flower of В; 4, corolla of ditto, laid open; 5, calyx and pistil of B; 6, single stamen of В; 7, four-lobed disk; 8, ripe nutlets; 9, single nutlet; 10, seed,—all enlarged.

6.7.0.

PLATE 79, 86. Сүмховтаснүом Listert Prain in Јошт. As. Soc. Beng. lxix. 2. 171 (1900),

Natural order Acanthacez.

A small undershrub, a foot high or less; leaves oblanceolate, acute or acuminate, tapering gradually in the posterior half to a petiole 1—2 em. long, margins entire, nerves 19—14 pairs slightly arched !forward, minutely puberulous on both surfaces, attaining 20 cm. long by 8 cm. wide, broadest at junction of anterior and middle third; panicies chiefly from the axils of the lower leaves and the scars below these, 4—6 cm. long, branchlets subspicate; flowers solitary or clustered; bracts small linear; sepaís 5 mm. long, linear; corolla puberulous; anthers spurred at base, linear-oblong; style puberulous ; capsule 1°25 ст. long, narrow, glabrate; seeds ovoid, compressed, muriculate. |

CHITTAGONG: Demagiri, in rocky places; Lister?!

Very closely related to Gymnostachyum latifolium Т. And. and, along with that species, standing markedly apart from the other Indian species of Gymnosiachyvm. It is, however, very distinct from 6. latifolium in the different folliage, the smaller flowers with different anthers, and the smaller capsules.

Prate 79.—Gymnostachyum Listeri Prain. 1, flowering plant; 2, fruiting twig,—of natural size; 3, flower; 4, calyx; 5, flower-bud, opened; 6, corolla, laid open; 7, 8, stamens; 9, ovary; 10 capsule, opened; 11, 12, seeds seen from either face; 13, seed, seen edgewise,—all enlarged.

Ю.Е;

PLATE 80. 87. PERISTROPHE LONGIFOLIA King § Prain in Journ, Ав, Soc. Beng, lix. 2. 171 (19 00.)

Natural order Acanthacee,

An erect spreading herb; laves narrowly lanceolate, margin undulate, finely lineate on both surfaces, glabrous except the puberulous midrib both above and below, apex long acuminate, base cuneate, tapering to the petiole 1:25 cm. long, length 10—13 cm., width 1--25 cm.; panicles compact, bracts 2 сш. long, 4 mm. wide, minutely ciliate; calyz-teeth narrow lanceolate, short; corolla pale-pink to nearly white, 9:5 cm. jong, tube slightly exceeding limb; stamens with puberulous filaments; anther-cells linear» equal, but one more than half its length higher than the other.

Urrer Burma: Kachin Hills, near Sadon, 3,500 ft.; Prain’s collector! UPPER Assam: Jaboca Naga Hills, near Baligan; Prain’s collector.

This species, which was not previously represented at Kew or Calcutta, appears to come nearest the group of forms aggregated in the Flora of British India under the common name Peristrophe acuminata, but the larger corolla and different stamens

Axx. Roy. Bor. Garp. Carc, Vor. IX.

66

seen to distinguish it sufficiently from all of them. Аз to leaves it most resembles the Tavoy specimens of P. acuminata (type) as understood by Mr. Clarke. In the Kew collection the plant most like this in foliage is Henry n. 4153 from Ichang, С. China, and there noted by Mr. Hemsley as “Р. tinctoria Nees var., vel species propria.’ "Тһе Chinese plant has, however, much broader bracts than ours though it has a similarly condensed inflorescence. Hypoestes salicifolia О. Kuntze, represented at Kew by an authentically named, but flowerless, scrap, also resembles this somewhat in foliage and inflorescence as well as іп bracts. |

Pare 80.—Peristrophe longifolia King & rain. 1, branch of plant from Sadon, Kachin Hills,—of natural size; 2, calyx, opened; 3, corolla, laid open to show staminal insertion; 4, anther cells, front view; 5, the same, from behind; 6, ovary, with style and stigma; 7, ovary, laid open; 8, ovule,—all enlarged.

G. K.; D. P.

PLATE 81.

88, PERISTROPHE FERA б, В. Clarke in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. iv. 556 (1885), var. Gace! King $ Pran.

Natural order Acanthaces.

An erect rather rigid shrub; leaves ovate-lanceolate, long petioled, acuminate, margin entire or very shallowly crenate, quite glabrous on both surfaces, raphides distinct, base cuneate, 9—19 cm. long, 45--5 cm. wide; panicles compact, bracts ovate-acute, finely puberulous, distinctly nerved, eciliate, 1 сш. long, 4 mm. wide; calyz-teeth lanceolate, short; corolla pink, З mm, long, tube as long as limb; stamens. with pubescent filaments, anther-cells linear, the upper rather smaller and nearly half its length higher than the lower; capsule puberulous, 1:75 cm. long, ellipsoid, stipitate, 4-seeded, seed-bearing portion 4 mm. across; seeds suborbicular, compressed, minutely papillose.

SOUTHERN Lusmari Нпля: Lungleh; Gage! Kuasta Hits, 2,000—4,000 ft. elev. ; Hooker & Thomson,

This very distinct plant was on examination ее. by one of us to be a new species of Perisírophe nearly related to P. fera Clarke. Specimens were sent from Calcutta to England and in compliance with our request Mr. С. В, Clarke, whose knowledge of the Acanthacee is very great, kindly compared them with the Peristrophe material preserved in the Herbarium of the Royal Gardens, Kew. Mr. Clarke finds this plant apparently identical with some of the examples of his * P. fera" collected by Hooker and Thomson іп Khasia at 2—4,000 feet elev. and named, іп their Herb, Ind. Or., “Р. tinctoria, of which P. fera is perhaps only the wild state. Mr. Clarke deprecates the separation of the present plant as still another species. With this feeling we agree; the form is, however, so distinct, both from what has been described as typical Р. fera and from what has been distinguished as P. fera VAR. intermedia, that it is here accorded the rank of a new variety.

Ргате 81.--Регізіторһе fera Clarke vam. Gagei King & Prain. 1, branch with flower and fruit, from Lungleh, Lushai Hills; 2, calyx, laid open’; 3, corolla, laid open; 4 stamens x 2; 5, ovary; 6 fruit; 7, the same, laid open x 2; 8, seed.

9.55 ЫР,

PLATE 82, 89. POLYGONUM VIRGINIANUM Linn. Sp. Pl. 360 (1757).

Natural order Polygonacez.

A tall sparsely hispid herb with perennial root; stem up to 15 dm. in height; branches hollow; leaves shortly petioled, 7*5 to 205 cm. long, elliptic-ovate or ovate- lanceolate, acuminate, strigose on both surfaces or only on the veins beneath, sparingly ciliate on the margins, thin, pale beneath; stipules tubular, varying in length up to 14 cm., hispid, the mouth truncate and ciliate; racemes very slender and long-peduncled; terminal and axillary; bracts tubular, ciliate; bracteoles oblong or obovate when spread out, hyaline, ciliate; pedicels shorter than the perianth, rigid and stout in fruit; perianth 4-partite, eglandular, thin, greenish or rose-coloured; stamens 5, alternating with glands; Styles 2, exserted, rigid, persistent, at length hooked; stigmas simple; лиф flattened, as long as the styles, smooth and shining, dark brown or cream-coloured, Meisn. JMonog. Polyg. 81 (1826); DC. Prod. xiv. i. 112 (1857); Hook. f. in Flor. Brit, Ind. v. 31 (1886); Brition $ Brown, Ш. И. N. States and Canada i. 561 (1896). Р. filiforme Thunb. Fl. Jap. 163 (1784); Meisn. 1. с. 75 (1826); DC. Prod. 1. с. (1857), P. muticum Moench, Suppl. 266 (1802). Persicaria virginiana Gerin. Fruct. ii, t. 1190-06 (1791).

WESTERN TEMPERATE HIMALAYA: Hazara in the Kagan Valley, and at Dara Рап)41 Duthie’s Collector; Kashmir; in the Jhelam Valley, and on the Ріг Panjál; Stewart; біккім: on the Balesan river, at elevations between 7,000 and 8,000 feet, King; Assam: Naga Hills, Piphema, at an elevation of 3,000 feet; 0, В. Clarke; Burma: Kachin Hills, Soma, at an elevation of 3,000 feet, Prain’s Collector.

Sir Joseph Hooker, in Flor. Brit. Ind. 1. с., remarks that the long persistent styles free to the base, serving to attach the fruit to foreign bodies, is unique in this genus, - and that it indicates that the species should form a separate section; he also alludes to the singularity that though provided with so obvious a means of transport the species should be so rare in India,

Рглте 82.—Polygonum virginianum Zinn. Portion of a plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, a stipule laid open; 2, flower with 2 bracteoles; 3 & 4, bracteoles separated and laid open; 5, single stamen with alternating glands; 6, nut, enclosed in the persistent perianth; 7, ditto, with the perianth removed; 8, section of ditto, to show the single basilar seed,—al/ enlarged,

1.0: D.

PLATE 83. 90. Мленилз Duram King in Hook, f. Fl. Brit. Ind. v. 861 (1890).

Natural order Laurinez. A medium-sized evergreen tree with spreading branches; younger portions often 5 silky; leaves 12—95 сш. long, oblong or elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, often subfalcate, with 12—20 pairs of nerves, dark-green above, pale and glaucous beneath, very coriaceous, becoming reflexed as the fruit ripens; petioles about 14 mm. long; flowers in axillary panicles, 14 mm. in diam.; peduncles and pedicels elongating in fruit, tinged with bright red; sepals linear-oblong, finely silky, reflexed in fruit;

Axx. Вот. Bor. Garp. Carc, Vor. IX.

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flaments glabrous; fruit globose, 10—15 mm. in diam., of a dark sage-green colour turning to blue.

Western HiMALAYA: from Chamba to Kumaon at elevations between 2,000 and 8,000 feet; ?SIKKM and Kuasta: J. D. Hooker, &c. (without flowers or fruit).

This handsome evergreen tree is very abundant in "Tehri-Garhwál and Jaunsár, often forming nearly pure forest on the northern slopes of the hills, and in shady valleys at elevations between 6,000 and 8,000 feet. The flowers open in May; and the fruit, which remains for a long time on the tree, ripens in August and September. This tree is termed ‘‘Bhadrao” in Garhwál, whilst М. odoratissima is known by the name of “Kaul.” The latter, which is a rarer tree than М. Duthiet and without its gregarious habit, is easily distinguished by its smaller leaves and flowers, by its slender green peduncles and pedicels, and by the oval-shaped berries.

Рглте 83.—Machilus Duthiei King. Portions of a flowering branch and of a fruiting branch, — of natural size. 1, single flower; 2, two perfect stamens and а staminode,—6bo/À enlarged.

ЖЫ

PLATE 84, 91. Aposrasta Wattican R, Br, in Wall, РІ, As. Rar, i. 75, t. 84 (1830).

Natural order Apostasieze.

A terrestrial, erect, glabrous herb 2 to 6 dm. high, with a short rhizome; the stem cylindric, unbranched, about as thick as a goose-quill, often sending out near its base a few wire-like aerial roots, enveloped in its lower part by blunt sheaths of unequal length and in its upper part by the sheaths of the leaves; leaves 8 to 10, scattered, membranous, spreading and decurved, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, slightly dilated at the sheathing base, 5- to 7-nerved, entire, 12 to 20 ст. long and 1 to 15 cm. broad; racemes several, often branched, from the axils of the upper leaves, spreading, deflexed, 5- to 10-flowered, subsecund, half as long as the leaves; the peduncle short, naked; flowers about 2 сш, long (including the ovary), erect, each with a minute, keeled, lanceolate bract at its base; perianth uniformly yellow, fragrant, regular, about 5 to 6 mm. long, its 6 segments uniform, spreading, narrowly lanceolate, sub-acute, their apices deflexed; perfect anthers two, slightly longer than the style, closely adpressed together, erect, oblong, sub-acute, 2-celled; each attached by a short subulate filament to the sigmoid fleshy receptacle: their cells unequal at the base and slightly cordate, dehiscing introrsely and longitudinally; pollen-grains free, ellipsoidal; staminode solitary, elongate, semi-cylindric, slightly thickened towards the base, tapering somewhat to the sub-acute apex, originating from the same receptacle as the perfect stamens, but cohering to the style for nearly its whole length, free only near its apex; style somewhat shorter than the perianth segments, eylindric, erect, slightly larger than the staminode; stigma discoid, truncate-crenate, obscurely 3-lobed; ovary inferior, on a short pedicel, narrowly cylindric, obscurely 3-angled, 3-celled, the three placentas axile, continuous throughout its whole length, multiovulate; capsule 2 to 25 cm. long, slender, sub-cylindric and slightly tapered upwards, obscurely 3-ridged, smooth, shining, brown, crowned by the withered perianth ; seeds very numerous, minute, ellipsoid to obovoid, with a minute white process at one

69

end, the body pale-brown and rugulose. Wall. Cat. 4448 (1832); Blume in Ann, Se. Nat. ser. 2, ii, 93 (1834); Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. їі. 748 (1855); Thwaites Enum. Pl. Ceyl. 315 (1861); Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxv. 997, t. 48, fig. 22 to 24 (1889); in Orchid Review iv. 329 (1896); Нож. fil. Fl. Br. Ind. vi. 175 (1890). Mesodactylus deflexa Wall. ez РІ, As. Rar. 1. с. 74 (1830).

Nepal, Sikkim, Khasia Hills, Assam, Ceylon, Malay Peninsula, Penang.

This plant was excluded by Mr. Pantling and myself from the eighth volume of these Annals (Zhe Orchids of the Sikkim Himalaya) on the ground that the genus Aposiasia is doubtfully Orchidaceous. The regular perianth, the free, unmodified anthers, style and stigma, the free pollen, trilocular ovary and hard ellipsoidal seeds characteristic of the genus contrast strongly with the same organs in the conventiona] Orchidaceous flower. The balance of authority is, however, undoubtedly in favour of the view that both Apostasia and the allied genus Neuwiedia represent aberrant, or rather very ancient, forms of Orchidem. According to the latter view the “ ancestral” characters of an orchid are in these two genera little, if at all, masked by the later adaptations which we are accustomed to associate with the flowers of that natural order. A résumé of the arguments in favour of this view will be found in Mr. Allen Rolfe's excellent papers in vol. xxv of the Journal of the Linnean Society, and in vol. іу of the Orchid Review. In the meantime the figure originally prepared for the volume on the Orchids of Sikkim is here given, accompanied by a description in which are used none of the terms peculiar to orchidologists, in the hope that thay may be of some use to botanists who have opportunities of examining living specimens of Apostasia.

Prate 84.-А plant,—of natural size. 1, а flower showing the perianth, anthers, back of staminode, ovary and floral bract; 2, side view of a flower after removal of the sepals, petals and one of the anthers; A, the remaining anther, B, staminode, C, filament; 3, three-fourths view of both anthers '(A) as they lie closely adpressed in the flower, of the sigmoid receptacle, and of the apex of the ovary; 4, the flower after removal of the anthers (which are shown separately at the side), B, staminode, C, filaments, D, stigma, E, style,—a/? enlarged.

Ж.‏ :کا

PLATE 85. 92. НітснвмА GLAUCA Wall. Trans. Med. Phys. Soc. Calcutta, vii. 215 (1834).

Natural order Scitaminese.

An erect herb; rhizome small, emitting slender long fibres bearing ovate-oblong tubers 5—8 em. long ; stem 9—12 dm. high ; aves large, oblong-oblanceolate, 2—3, rarely 4, cuspid- ate-acute, very glaucous, 3—4 dm. long, 1--1۰5 dm. wide; spike terminal erect, 12—18 cm. long, 6 em. wide, cylindric oblong, bracts all floriferous, crowded, orbicular-cuneate, 3 —4 em. long, upper third spreading, pale-green less glaucous than the leaves; flowers white; calyz thin, membranous, 1 em. long, cylindric, limb 3-toothed slightly expanded, in the axil of a short oblong obtuse bracteole ; coroila-tube very slender, tubular, 10 cm. long, segments small oblong, 1:5 em. long, concave ; staminodes as long as corolla-segments; йр ovate not clawed, acute, obscurely emarginate ; stamen as long as the corolla-segments, filament short, anther

70 =

erect oblong, obtuse, fleshy, white; capsule oblong-trigonous, dehiscent; seeds few, oblong cylindric, obtuse, arillate; arillus lax, laciniate, white; testa coriaceous, shining. Horan. Prodr. 24 (1862); Bak. in Hook, f. Flor. Brit. Ind. vi. 224 (1890). Curcuma glaucophylla Wall. Cat. 6594 (1832).

Burma: Prome; Wallich.

Prats 85.— Hitchenia glauca Wall. 1, rhizome and base of stem reduced $ from Wallich’s original drawing; 2, inflorescence, of natural size, from the same; 3, flower, with buds of a single bract; 4, corolla lobes, stamens and staminodes, dissected; 5, calyx, opened; bract, and ovary ; 6, anther with upper part of style in situ; 7, the same, upper part of style removed; 8, apex of style, and stigma; 9, capsule; 10, the same fully dehiscent ; 11, 12, 13, seeds, with arillus; 14, seed greatly enlarged; 15, the same, in vertical section, embryo im situ ; 16, the same, embryo removed ; 17, embryo.

UG KD P.

PLATE 86.

93. Неруснтом LUTEUM (T, Thoms. Mss.) in Herb. Calcutt.; Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. vi. 232 (1892).

Natural order Scitaminez.

А rather slender herb ; aves narrowly oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, 25 cm. long, 5—6 cm. wide, medium-green above, pale-green beneath; spike short, 6 cm. long, bracts ovate, medium-green with pale margin, closely imbricate, 2°5 cm. long, 2 cm. wide; calyx З cm long, just overtopping the bracts, bracteoles half as long as calyx; corolla-tube 5 cm., pale greenish-yellow below, rather darker upwards, segments linear, 3 сш., pale-yellow; staminodes ovate-lanceolate, lemon-yellow ; lip lemon-yellow, orbicular, 2 cm. wide, bifid to one-third its diameter, the lobes slightly angled, abruptly narrowed to a rounded base above a distinct claw 7:5 mm. long ; stamen lemon-yellow, 1 cm. long, filament paler yellow, 2°5 em. ; stylodes short, obtuse, subconical.

Assam : Oldham.

This very distinct species is only known from an excelient coloured drawing made at Calcutta under the supervision of Dr. Т. Thomson, when Superintendent of the Royal Botanic Garden. Whether, in attaching the name H. luteum to the drawing, Thomson supposed that this plant is the Hedychium luteum of English gardeners to which reference is made by Link in Enum. Hort. Berol. i. 443 (1821), or whether the name, which is sufficiently appropriate, was intended to indicate a previously unknown species, cannot now be satisfactorily determined. The date of the drawing is November 1854. As the species has been described by Mr. Baker from a copy of this drawing and as the plant seems to be rare—at all events it has not been again collected in Assam we have thought it advisable to publish а copy of the drawing.

Рглте 86.—Hedychium luteum T. Thoms. 1, upper portion of flowering stem; 2, flower and bud from axil of one bract; 3, 4, bracteoles,—0of natural size; 5, stamen and stigma; 6, ovary,—both enlarged ; 7, tranverse section of ovary,—much enlarged.

B. Eas D. Р,

71 PLATE 87 94. ZINGIBER PARDOCHEILUM Wall. ez Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Caleuti, 562 (1845).

Natural order Scitaminee.

A stout leafy herb; rootstock horizontal, composed of a series of close-set subspherical tubers. with numerous stout roots; leafy stem 40 cm. long 1:5 em. thick; leaves oblong- lanceolate, acute, 30 cm. long, 7—8 cm. wide, mouth of the sheath with pale, oblong, obtuse auricles 3:5 cm. long, sheath outside and leaves above dark-green, paler beneath, glabrous; flowers in dense, obconic, subturbinate, hardly peduneled spikes, flattened or rounded at the top, 8 em. long, 6 cm. wide; bracts much imbricated, obovate-cuneate, truncate or emarginate dark-red, the outer 2°5 cm. bog: calyx reddish, 175 cm. long; corolla-tube almost white, as long as the outer bracts, segments lanceolate, acute, 1:75 сш. long, dark-red at the tips, rather paler below ; йр 1:5 em. long, deeply 3-lobed, the midlobe wide-oblong, the lateral lobes orbicular, 2 uniformly tesselate with wide dark-lilac or purple lines on a pale-yellow ground; stamen with narrow-oblong, subsessile anther; cells close, parallel, introrse, connective produced as a cobalt-blue, incurved, narrowly lanceolate, erect crest 5 mm. long; ovary hirsute, subturbinate; style somewhat dilated at the top, with а fringe of short hairs surrounding the stigma; stylodes short, obtuse. Bak. in Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. vi. 945 (1892).

Burma: Wallich.

This beautiful species is only known from a fine coloured drawing in the Calcutta Herbarium made, under the supervision of Dr. Wallich, from a living plant grown in the Royal Botanic Garden; of this figure PLATE 87 is a copy. It is published now in the hope thereby of attracting attention to the species and perhaps facilitat- ing its re-discovery.

РглтЕ 87.—Zingiber pardocheilum Wall. 1, plant,—of natural size; 2, flower x 3; 3, outer bract; 4, inner bract; 5 and 6, corolla-lobes; 7, corolla-tube, lip and stamen; 8, ovary and style,— all enlarged.

TE, D r, PLATE 88. 95. ZINGIBER CLARKEI King ex Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen, Plant. ш. 646 (1883).

Natural order Scitaminee.

А stoutish herb; leafy stem 15—18 dm. high; leaves oblong or oblong- елан, 30—45 cm. long, 5—10 cm. wide, the under surface finely pubescent; lowers in lateral, oblong-cylindric spikes 8—10 сш, long, 2:5—4 cm. in diam., on nodding pubescent peduncles 8—10 cm. long, springing from the side of the leafy stem; main- bracts oblong, 2:5 cm. long, obtuse or retuse, in flower green, in fruit pale-red, each 2—4-fld; calyz yellowish, subtruncate; corolla-tube as long as the bracts, pale-yellow, segments 2۰5 сш. long, pale-yellow, the uppermost widest; йр as bu as the corolla-segments, irregularly ovate-oblong, yellow, the margins suffused with close-set brownish-purple streaks; айатеп pale-yellow, nearly as long as the lip, crest. almost filiform capsule s hie, greenish, herbaceous, shorter than the

72

bract, 1:75 cm. across; seeds dark-blue, 6 mm, across, irregularly pisiform; aril small white, laciniate. Bak. in Hook. f. Flor, Brit. Ind. vi. 248 (1892).

Eastern HIMALAYA: Sikkim, 2,500—4,500 ft.; Hooker, Clarke, King, Prain.

This species is the type of $ Pleuranthesis Benth., which is characterised by having the flower-spikes lateral on the leafy stem. Аз no figure of this section has been published, the present opportunity is taken of reproducing an original drawing of the only species, made from a living plant in 1874.

РтАтЕ 88.—Zingiber Clarkei King. 1, rhizome and base of stem; 2, top of leafy stem; 3, 4, 5, & 6, main and secondary bracts and flowers, of one group; 7, single flower; 8, corolla segments ; 9, Пр; 10, anther; 11, ovary, with style and stigma; 12, fruiting spike; 18, single fruit; 14, capsule cut transversely; 15, seeds. G. K.

PLATE 89. 96. PANCRATIUM LONGIFLORUM Roxb. Hort. Beng, 23 (1814).

Natural order Amaryllidaces.

A bulbous herb; ¿u globose, 3—5 cm. in diam., neck cylindric, 1 cm. wide, 3—4 cm. long; leaves narrowly lanceolate, 20—30 cm. long, 1--25 cm, wide; scape shorter than leaves ог perianth-tube, compressed, 1-fld 8 cm. long; spathe solitary, acuminate, 4 em. long; perianth with greenish tube, 19—14 cm. long, 6—7 mm, wide throat obconic, lobes lanceolate, white, 5—6°5 cm. long; staminal-cup 3—3°5 cm. deep, 2:5—3 cm. wide, white, with large, 2-fid teeth 1—1:25 em. long, between the pale-green filaments 1:25—1:5 cm. long; anthers 1—1:25 cm. long, yellow. ر770‎ Por. Ind. ii. 125 (1832); Kunth, Enum. у. 663 (1850); Herb, Amaryllid. 208, t. 42, f. 2? (1837); Bak. Handb. Amaryll. 119 (1888); Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind, vi. 286 (1892). |

МатАуАх ARcHIPELAGO: Moluccas, б. Smith, file Roxburgh, Innia; N.-W. Provinces, at Lucknow, Rose? Oudh, Kheri; Rose? C. India, Raipur; J. Martin! Deccan, Rottler.

This interesting plant had long been lost to the Calcutta garden when in 1888 Mr. Rose, then Postmaster-General for Oudh, sent a number of bulbs from the compound of his residence at Lucknow. His house is believed to have been that occupied by the well-known Gen. C. Martin while in the service of the Nawab of Oudh. As Gen. Martin communicated rather freely with Dr. Roxburgh, our first impression was that the plants sent by Mr. Rose might be descendants of some presented by Dr, Rox- burgh to Gen. Martin. Our plate, which is drawn from life, from one of the plants received from Lucknow, shows that the Lucknow plant agrees in every respect with the Moluccas plant as figured by Roxburgh, Icon. Ined. vii. 9 (serial No. 1959), ex- cept that the Moluccas plant is slightly larger in all its parts, Mr. Rose, to whom this opinion was communicated, was able a year later to show that, though a possible one, ours was not a necessary explanation of the existence of the plant in a Lucknow compound. He communicated other plants of the same species, undoubtedly wild, obtained by himself while on tour in Oudh.

Since then Mr. J. Martin, of the Indian Forest Dept., has kindly sent living plants from the district of Raipur in C, India, aud Sir Joseph Hooker records, in

73

the Flora of British India vi. 286, the existence of specimens from the Deccan collected by Rottler. Apparently по one has sent it from the Malay Archipelago since Мт. C. Smith originally gave it to Dr. Roxburgh, |

The plant is well worthy of more attention horticulturally than it has hitherto received.

There is something unsatisfactory regarding the citations under this species. Herbert, who had seen specimens of this name in the Banksian Herbarium—apparently original Roxburghian ones from the Moluccas—has given a figure (Amaryllid, t, 42, f. 2) which agrees well with the plant originally figured by Roxburgh as to leaf, spathe, length of tube and form of staminal cup, but differs very markedly in not showing the large 2-fid interstaminal teeth on the margin of the cup. Sir J. D. Hooker has suggested that Herbert's plant may rather be P. biforum Roxb. than P. longiflorum, but has cited it under both species. It is on the whole more probable that Herbert’s drawing is intended for Roxburgh's P. longiflorum and that a mistake has been made as regards the month of the staminal tube. Hooker has without question referred Р, cambayense Herb. to Р. longiflorum but as regards this citation there is the same difficulty in connection with the mouth of the staminal tube, 'with the further difficulty that the leaves of Р. cambayense are obtuse. We have therefore omitted the citation Р, cambayense Herb. altogether, and only cite the P. longiflorum of Herbert as doubtfully referable here,

Prate 89.—Pancratium longiflorum Rozh. 1, plant; 2, flower; 8, portion of perianth-tuhe; 4, transverse section of perianth-tube; 5, ovary, in vertical section, with part of perianth-tube and style; 6, transverse section of ovary; 7, young fruit,—all of natural size, and all from. a living plant received from Lucknow and grown in the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta.

G. K.; D. P.

PLATE 90. 97. Свүртосовүкв Cruppasiana Pratn in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. 1хіх. 9. 174 (1900).

Natural order Атоійеғ.

An aquatic herb, with tuberous, stoloniferous rootstock; Jeaves linear-lanceolate, 12—20 cm. long, '75—1 сш. wide, rather abruptly acute, lower fourth to third sheathing ; midrib distinct; flowers on very short scapes; tube of spathe narrow, 8 сш, long, limb shorter than tube, 3°25 em. long, lanceolate-acuminate, not twisted, purplish and with irregular but very distinct transverse folds, 9:5 mm, apart, crossing the whole of the inner surface.

Uprer Burma: Kachin Hills, by the Keju River, near Sima; Prain’s Collector 1

This very distinct species is in habit a small edition of С. ciliata; it thus does not closely resemble any other Indian species. The limb of the spathe is however longer and narrower in proportion to the tube and the tube is not fimbriate as in с. ciliata, It has, moreover, many transverse rugae аз in 6, spiralis Fisch.; 0. spiralis, however, has very different leaves and а spathe with a twisted limb, this limb being

longer than the tube.

Ann. Roy, Bor. Garb. Carc, Vor. ІХ,

74

Pirate 90.—Cryptocoryne Cruddasiana Prain. 1. Plant from Keju river, Kachin Hills; 2, spathe with short peduncle; 3, spathe laid open,—alé of natural size; 4, male inflorescence; 5, female inflorescence; 6, ovule,—a/] enlarged.

AE.

PLATE 91. 98. EnroPHoRUM МІСЕОВТАСНҮОМ Back. in Linnea, xxxviii, 399 (1874).

| Natural order Cy peracez.

A cæspitose perennial herb, 5—15 ст. high; stems slender, from the axils of broad, membranous, brownish-coloured sheaths: leaves equalling or not much exceed- ing the flowering stems, glaucous, linear, rigid, channelled above, margins serrulate ; spikelets subcapitate, 5—8 mm. long, many-flowered; bracts 1—3, twice or three times longer than the spikelets; glumes ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, exposed por- tions dark chesnut-brown; bristles many, about as long as the stamens and styles; stamens 1—8; anthers oblong, abruptly mucronate; styles 3-fid, its branches rather shorter than the connate portion, рарШове; пий trigonous or somewhat plano-convex, about as long as the style, obovate, with the apex attenuated. Hook. f. Flor. Brit. Ind. хі. 664 (1893) Е. comosum Wall. В. nanum Nees in Wight. Contrib, 110 (1834).

Western Himalaya : abundant in rock-crevices of the Deoban limestone range in Jaunsár, at elevations of between 8,000 and 9,000 feet; head of the Jumna Valley; Jacguemonj. Naini Tal; Thomsen. Bauran: Chupcha; Griffith.

A much smaller plant than Æ. comosum, of which it has been regarded as а depauperated alpine form. The inflorescence, however, is very different, and the leaves and bracts are relatively very much shorter, Figures Bl and B2, representing a spikelet and a flower of E. comosum, mdicate other important differences, such as the shape of the glumes, the length of the bristle, and the very different shape of the nut. |

Рілте 91.—Eriophorum microstachyum Beck. —Plant,—of natural sise. Al, a spikelet; A2, а flower. Bl, spikelet of E. comosum; B2, single flower of ditto,—all enlarged. :

J. F. D.

PLATE 92. 99. TRIPOGON PURPURASCENS Duthie.

Natural order Graminez.

AN erect densely tufted annual or perennial grass, up to 20 сш. in height; leaves many, setaceous, convolute, scabrid, margins ciliate towards their bases, sheaths short; ligules minute, pilose; spikes simple, erect, flattened, 5 to 7:5 сш. long, on rather short, . brittle, sulcate scapes; rachis scabrid; spikelets about 4 mm. long, glabrous, arranged bifariously in the excavations of the rachis, usually 2-flowered with occasionally а third male floret at the summit; glume I very minute and narrow, sunk in the hollow of the rachis and attached obliquely, hyaline, 1-nerved ; glume И lanceolate acuminate, l-nerved, keeled on the back, edges hyaline; glume III (flowering glume) about as long as II, hyaline, 3-nerved, obliquely bifid, and with a minute slender awn from the base of the sinus; pale truncate or bifid,

75

hyaline, 2-nerved; Jodicules minute, cuneate-oblong; filaments shorter than the elongate anthers; ovary obovate, glabrous; styles long, their bases remote.

Western HIMALAYA: in the Tons Valley, Tehri-Garhwdl, at elevations between 3,000 and 5,000 feet, also up to 7,000 feet on the open hillsides from Lambatách to Bámsu and Kulni, on the northern side of the Tons river. At the higher elevations this plant forms compact masses of turf over considerable areas, and the peculiar purple tinge of its foliage produces a marked feature from a long distance. In the sandy bed of the Tons river it has been found in some abundance, endeavouring to maintain a foothold,

This species is closely allied to Т. abyssinicus Fl. Brit. Ind. (not of Nees), from which it differs by its more compact habit of growth, its purple tinge, and by its shorter leaves and spikes, The spikelets are more crowded and contain fewer florets, usually only two. When first detected in 1897, in the Tons Valley, it was distributed under the name of Lepturus Roxburghianus, and this determination was accepted at the Royal Herbarium at Kew. А more careful examination of the structure of the florets, necessitated for the preparation of above description and the accompanying plate, raised a doubt in my mind as to the correctness of this name, even generically. The frequent presence of 3 florets in some of the spikelets, coupled with a habit of inflorescence resembling that of a Tripogon, were indications of a closer affinity to that genus than to Lepíurus, I should also mention that through the kindnes- of Major Prain I had an opportunity of examining Roxburgh’s unpublished drawing of Rottbællia biflora, which in the Fl. Brit. Ind. is included under Zepiurus Roxburgh- їапиз Steud., and this confirmed my opinion in regarding these two grasses as generi- cally distinct. Specimens of the Tons Valley grass were therefore again sent to Kew with a note expressing my doubt as to the correctness of the former name, I received in reply a very interesting communication from Dr. Otto Stapf, who after a careful re-examination of the material representing Lepturus Roxburghianus in the Royal Herbarium, has very obligingly favoured me with his views on the subject. In the first place he is of opinion that Lepturus Roxburghianus should be regarded as an Orcpetium, and secondly that this genus should be removed from the tribe of Hordee to that of Chioridew, and next to Microchloa (see Flora Capensis, vii. 742, where this latter opinion is recorded by Dr. Stapf). The affinity of Rottbellia biflora (Lepturus Roxburghianus), as well as of Oropetium Thomeum, to Microchioa had already been indicated by Roxburgh, who, in his “Flora Indica,” included all three under the genus &Rottbællia. In Dr. Stapfs opinion Lepturus Roaburghianug is represented at Kew by specimens collected hy Law in Bombay, and by King on Mt. Abu. They agree exactly with Roxburgh’s figure, except that in the former the florets are minutely silky-pubescent, whereas Roxburgh represents the florets of his plant as glabrous, A specimen collected by Mr. J. Н. Drummond in the Hissar district, and quoted under Lepiurus liozburghianus in the Flor. Brit. Ind. vii. 365, has also pubescent florets, and the leaves and spikes are longer than іп Roxburgh’s plant, theugh quite similar in other respects. Regarding the probable position of Tripogon purpurascens in the genus, l take the liberty of quoting the following extract from Dr, Stupf’s note :—

“ Tripogon, as it stands at present (it has not been worked up monographically), is a somewhat heterogeneous assemblage. The species on which the genus was founded is T. bromoidee, and this type is repeated in 7. filiformis and witn süght modifications іп T. capillatus, Wight and trifidus,

Any. Вот. Bor. Garp. Оліс., Vor, IX.

76

and perhaps 7. pauperculus. They form the nucleus of the genus, and Mr. Duthie will agree with me if I say that the structure of their spikelets differs too much f:om those of his No. 23532 to place the latter immediately with the former. A second group of species described under Tripogon (viz., Т. Іізђое, Jacquemontii), and approaching in some respects to the section Plagiostachys of Eragrostis, differs equally well. There is, however, another species enumerated under Tripogon in FI. Brit. Ind. 287, namely T. abyssinicus, which Mr. Duthie will have to compare very carefully with his plant from the Tons Valley. Some of the specimens placed in this species іп the Kew Herbarium I take to be identical with Duthie No. 23532, though the leaves are not so purple. Such specimens are: Jacquemont No. 932, ‘ab Adjalta ad Tahnao, inter valles 'Гопза et Simla’; Thomson, Simla, Aug. 1847; Thomson, Satlej Valley near Rampore, Aug. 1847; Thomson, Punjab Himalaya, 1848 (Chamba); Thomson, Kashmir, 1848; Aitchison, Rawul Pindi, No. 1136. Other specimens from Afghanistan, Kashmir, and one from the Satlej Valley (Thomson, below Kotgarh, 1847) are taller and have more slender and flexuous spikes, leading to an extreme shade form collected near Simla (Duthie No. 10149), which was referred to T. Jacquemontii in Fl. Brit. Ind. as a variety ‘swbmuticus, although the author remarks that the ‘habitat is far removed from that of all other species’ (of the Jucquemontit group). Whether this is really a distinct species or only tan extreme variety of the Т. abyssinicus of the Fl. Brit. Ind., Mr. Duthie will be better able to judge, knowing as he does the ground. I must, however, remark that the latter is not identical with the Abyssinian plant named so by Hochstetter and Steudel, which is more like a typical Tripogon of the bromoides group. The Indian 7. abyssinicus, inclusive of Duthie No. 23532, might be regarded as а much reduced form of the typical Tripogon; but in this case the definition of Oropetium would have to be reconsidered. Oropetiwm is a comparatively little-known genus, and no doubt, a much reduced type; and as reduction often is accompanied by the obliteration of characters which help us otherwise in establishing the affinity of more fully developed species, the question is too difficult to be solved without a comprehensive study of all the alliel genera,”

PraTE 92.—Tripogon purpurascens Duthie. Plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, the two outer glumes; 2, a two-flowered spikelet; 3, stamens and pistils (one lodieule also shown),—a// enlarged.

я. В. 1%

PLATE 93. 100. Fersruca LUCIDA Stapf m Hook, f. Fl Br. Ind. vii. 355 (1897).

Naiural order Graminez.

Stem 6—9 dm., rather stout, smooth and shining; internodes 2, elongate; leaves 1:5 to З dm. by *5 to 1 ст, finely acuminate, flat except the involute scaberulous margins, firm, smooth, glaucous, many-nerved ; basal sheaths of innovations very long and loose; cauline tighter, pale, glaucous ; ligule 6—8 mm. long, white, split to the middle into fine fibres; panicle 1:2 to 1°8 dm., lax, broadly ovate; branches simple to beyond the middle, scabrid; lowest 1 dm. long, lateral pedicels 9—13 mm.; spikelets 1 to 1°5 em. long, pale-green, glistening; rachilla scabrid; outer empty glume l-nerved, ovate, acute, hyaline except at the base; inner empty giume a little longer than the outer, 3-nerved, side nerves very short; flowering glume 5—T-nerved, oblong, acute or acuminate or trifid at the apex, membranous, scaberulous,. side-nerves prominent; tips and margins hyaline, white; pala linear-oblong, keels scabrid ; lodicules obliquely ovoid; anthers 5 mm. long, linear; ovary with a slightly oblique hispidulous top; styles just below the apex.

77 WESTERN HIMALAYA: on steep rocky slopes near Mandáli, in Jaunsár, at elevations

of between 7,000 and 9,000 feet; Duthie (No. 14481). This is a much smaller plant than F. modesta, to which it is most nearly allied. The glaucous tint of the foliage, and the polished and glistening appearance of the

stems and spikelets, at once distinguish this grass from the former, with which it is sometimes associated.

PrarE 93.—Festuca lucida Stapf. Entire plant,—of natural size. 1, single spikelet; 2, empty glumes; 3, flowering glume ; 4, palea, stamen and pistil; 5, lodicules ; 6, ovary and styles,—a// enlarged

Jj. F. D.

20% du 13;

n Ді

INDEX.

— m

[The names of the species described are in Roman characters, those of all others Bre in italies.]

Асет caudatum Wall. è » Papilio King ie „ ` pectinatum Wall.

Ағыша Duthie .

Afridia nepeteformis Duthie

Afzelia bijuga A. Gray . Д » coriacea Bak. . i

Agapetes Pottingeri Prain .

Albizzia Bernieri Fourn. š 2 Gamblei Prain

” Richardiana King $ Prain . 5 š us ' tomentella Miq. s A

Androsace fragilis Duthie — . Harrissii Duthie . Lehmanni Wal. . rotundifolia Hardw, squarrosula Maxim. Tapete Maxim. хамай Wallichii Br. Balanopteris minor Gaertn. Canarium eupteron Mig. ۰

39

”

5 oblongifolium Miq. .

subrepandum Miq. {

Canavalia dolichoides Kurz . grandis Wall. А 2 lucens Kurz . 0

lazum Miq. . š А

۶2 tetragona Kurz . i

Capparis andamanica King . Ca

Catheartia lyrata Ситт, $ Prain

- polygonoides Prain Cedrela microcarpa C. DC. ` % Toona Roxb. . ; Ceropegia kachinensis Prain pubescens Prain . 2 Thwaitesii Hook. . Chelidonium Dieranostigma Prain . ‚ Franchetianum Prain

x

»

leptopodum Prain бага angustifolius Wall. , Combretum nanum Ham. 5

lactucoides Prain ў

18

Connarus ۶ Jackianus Wall. Cotylanthera paucisquama Clarke . Cruddasia insignis Prain Crudia Curtisii Prain Cryptocoryne ciliata Fisch. " Cruddasiana Prain . spsralis Fisch. бы Jackiana Hiern Curcuma glaucophylla Wall. . Deudropanax Listeri King . . Пквмовүмв King & Раю . . Desmogyne minor Prain 01 717 Prain. Dichopsis diijini Benth. ; Dicranostigma lactucoides Н. f. &

King 4

Didymocarpus "eorchorifolia Wall, elatior Prain Dioclea йн Hook f. . Dolichos coriaceus Grah. . » dasycarpus Miq. » سس‎ Roxb. DysorosivM Prain Dysolobium dolichoides Praia e Prain lucens Prain tetragonum Prain туна binectariferum Bedd. reticulatum King Eriophorum comosum Wall, УАК. nanum ” microstachyum Boeck, Erythrina resupinata Roxb. Eurysolen gracilis Prain вк Evodia macrocarpa King орй » pachyphyla King . » . pilulifera King о Festuca lucida Stapf . . . i modesta Steud. Gagnebina Riehardiana Wall. Glaucium leptopodum Maxim. š Gleadovia ruborum Gamble $ Prain z . a ç : Gluta longepetiolata Kurz . . Gomphostemma chinense Oliv. ;

>»

БЫ

» urtisii Prain

” Surf. uraceum Hal- lier f. . ‘ à

” Hemsleyanum Prain х ‹

6 inopinatum Prain

17

Gomphostemma macrophyllum Miq. ” Mastersii Benth. وو"‎ melissifolium Wall. ” неизв сон

Miq. . ” ovatum Wall. „ pedenculatum Bentb. i „ з petiolare Мід. e

velutinum Benth. РМЦ Gardneri Н. f. & T

» peduneularis King

< Prain. ^

2 Thwaitesii Н. f.

& T. еа

Grewiacapitata Ра». . , ,

» denticulta Well. ہے‎

». microstemma Wall.

» йадепгішп Prain NM

» nana Wall. а

». oppositifolia Roxb. "وت‎

„. COG dR و‎ ٦| » sapida Roxb. . umbellifera Bedd.

дуймай» latifolium Т. a: Listeri Prain .

Hodgkin luteum Link МЕ “i luteum 7. Thoms 4

Hedysarum hamatum Ham. . 2. Heptapleurum divaricatum Ма. . 52. Hulletü کے سک‎ s

» + longifolium Seem . "* Ridley: King . . Heritiera acuminata Wall. . dubi

ә. ИНогайз Dryand. . o macrophylla Wall. . .

» minor hoxb. . . 5 Papilio Bedd.. . Hitchenia glauca Wall. в.

Hoya obcordata Hook. f. ; 5 obcordata Teysm. & өше. » obreniformis King . s Indigofera atropurpurea Bak. қ s Па Prain . ь š » Brunoniana Wall.. . Hamiltonil Grah. қ

2 beata Linz.

42

80

Jnísia coriacea Maing. . . Jsonandra polyantha Kurz . Jonesia monopetala НаззЕ. . » triandra Roxb. . " Kraunhia albiflora Prain ° d unifoliata Prain . Kunstleria Kingii Praia . Leonurus javanicus Bl. . » oblongifolius Bl. а Lepidopetalum Jackianum Radlk. Lepturus Roaburg hianus Steud, Leucas Collettii Prain <

LzvcosTEGANE Prain , Leucostegane latistipulata Prain Lysidice rhodostegia Hance . Machilus Duthiei King . à odoratissimus Nees . Meconopsis aculeata Royle . bella Prain betonicaefolia бза, grandis Prain А Henrici Franch. . ‚ integrifolia Franch. ‚ napaulensis Walp. paniculata Prain primulina Prain . simplicifolia H. f. & . sinuata Prain +, . superba King . Melia composita Gamble . .. dubiaGamble .. . Mesodactylus deflexa Wall. . Millettia albiflora Prain А » stipularis Prain . » Uunifolata Prain . Molucella otostegioides Prain x spinosa Linn. А Mucuna recta Wall. быз Nepeta Prainii Duthie . . . snavis Stapf ші 5% Oropetium Thomaeum Trin. . Otostegia Aucheri Boiss. š » _ limbata Benth. . Panunra Miq. Pahudia ایب‎ іва Ma. ; ж javanica Mig. . i ,. martabaniea Prain . > xylocarpa Kurz. Y

”

*O i Qv bo са» > М мош c

-—

g€ ë s ج جج جو غ غ‎ ë

INDEX.

Pancratium biflorum Roxb. ,

7 cambayense Herb. » longiflorum Rozb. 7 longiflorum Herb.

piste Pim § الہ‎ vanica Prain .

а “usia Prain

i ragosa Prain Pentaptera bialata Roxb. Peristrophe acuminata Nees

T Sera Clarke . ; » VAR. Gagei

5 » intermedia

» longifolia King 4 Prain

" tinctoria Nees ç Persicaria virginiana Gaertn. Phaseolus dolichoides Roxb.

> grandis Dalz.

» grandis Ham. š » grandis H. f. & T.

7 lucens Wall. . e te velutinus Grah.

Phlomis javanica Prain

» oblongifolia О. Жама

» rugosa Benth, Piptadenia oudhensis Brandis Plectranthus ezcisus Maxim. .

А Kunstleri Prain

p Kurzi Prain . » melissoides Benth » . pharieus Prain .

x тидовиз Wall.

urticifolius Hook. f.

Elik filiforme Thunb. ü muticum Moench virginianum Linn, Pottingeria acuminata Prain Poupartia axillaris Prain . » PFordü Hemsl . Primula elongata Watt { » hazarica Duthie . » Inayati Duthie . » Jaffreyana King . obtusifolia Royle .

РОЯ sp. ۰ ° Rottboellia biflora Roxb. 3 Rubus ellipticus Sm. š

» fasciculatus Duthie . » niveus Wall. . š Santijria conferta Benn. "

C. A: P.—Teg. No. 53-6) —260- 8-6-1901.

э? э”

44J of 1901.08,

Santiria floribunda King . , „ laxa King ‘ " А

" longifolia King $ а

si macrocarpa King қ

" Maingayi Benn. . %

4% oblongifolia Bl. . 1 Wrayi King . . .

баса candicans Clarke . - chitralica Duthie . А Scutellaria andamanica Prain қ " discolor Colebr. . Р Kingiana Prain

ВЯ oblonga Benth. . » М a ap Hemsl. d

Sideroxylon pea Pis » longepetiolatum King

nitidum Bl. А Sindora coriacea Prain ; $ Spondias acuminata Gamble . . j axillaris Roxb. š

Stachys cordifolia Prain 5

Stictophyllum glabrum Edgew. .

Stylophorm lactucoides Baill . . Taeniochlaena birmanica Prain

Griffithii Hook. f. .

Terminalia bialata Steud. . i

ss citrina Roxb. . А

I Manii King š 5

Tricholepis Stietophyllum Clarke ;

» tibetica H. f. & T. . Tripogon abyssinicus Hochst. í š obyssinicus Nees . ç

š abyssinicus Stapf.

» bromoides Benth. . .

» саріаѓиз Jaub. & Spach.

filiformis Nees š "‏ ہو

» — Ja(guemontis Stapf. ;

» JLisboae Stapf. ра

» pauperculus Stapf. А

» purpurascens Duthie |.

% trifidus Munro s n Wight Hook.f. . .

Urn ria аат и Grah. . А

Vigna dolichoides Bak. ықы

» lucens Bak. ои

» - tetragona Kurz . š ç Wardenia simplex King e ° Zingiber Clarkei King

7 pardochoilt m WV. и.

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ANNALS

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Vol. IX, Part II

ANNALS

ROY AL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALGUTIA.

PART 11.

THE ORCHIDS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN HIMALAYA

By J. Е. DUTHIE, BA; Е.1..5., late Director, Botanical Department, Northern India.

CALCUTTA: Printed at the Bengal Secretariat Press. 1906 Uncoloured Рз. 22, or 7-73.

PRICE Half-coloured Rs. 28, or £2.

Published at the BENGAL SECRETARIAT Book DEPOT, Writers’ Buildings, Calcutta.

ОРЕІСТА Т, AGENTS.

In India—

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ТНЕ

ORCHIDS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN HIMALAYA

By d. Е. ӨОТНІК, Б.А, F.Li54 late Director, Botanical Department, Northern India.

WITH FIFTY-EIGHT PLATES.

CALCUTTA: Printed at the Bengal Secretariat Press.

1906.

PREFACE,

Tar attempt here made to give an account of the Orchids of the Western Himalaya may be regarded as a supplement to the splendid work by Sir George King and Мг. В. Pantling on the Orchids of the Sikkim Himalaya, which was published in 1898 as Volume VIII of the Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta. With Sir Joseph Hooker’s monograph of the Orchids of British India as a basis, and Sir George King’s Sikkim Orchids as a model for a local orchid-flora, the preparation of the present contribution has been very greatly facilitated.

Of the many eminent botanists who contributed largely in by-gone years to the orchidology of the Western Himalaya, the following names should be especially mentioned :—Govan, Royle, Wallich, Jacquemont, Vicary, Falconer, Griffith, Edgeworth, Thomson, Madden, Strachey, Winterbottom, Fleming and Lady Dalhousie. Тһе collections made during more recent years by Aitchison, Brandis, Davidson, C. B. Clarke, Mackinnon, Gamble, Lace and others have been the means of adding considerably to our knowledge of the subject.

Since the publication of Sir Joseph Hooker’s monograph of the Orchids of British India, in 1890 further important additions have been made to the Orchid- flora of the Western Himalaya. Many interesting species were collected during my two botanical tours through Kashmir in 1892 and 1893, and in subsequent years by specially trained native collectors, who were sent to Налага, Kashmir, Chitral, Pangi, Garhwál, Kumaon and to the Sub-Himalayan tracts of Rohilkhand and N. Oudh.* |

In a privately printed list of Simla plants collected by Mr. Babington Smith and Lady Elisabeth Smith thirty-two species of orchids are recorded; and four years later (in 1903) Sir Henry Collett’s most excellent book, the “ Flora Simlensis," appeared, in which thirty-eight species are described, and seven of _ these are figured.

Тһе drawings for the fifty-eight plates contained in the present work were prepared under my supervision by H. Hormusji, for many years artist to the Botanical Department of Northern India. These plates represent only such species as have not already been figured in the Sikkim work, with one exception, viz., Habenaria latilabris, a species which has been so frequently confused with what is now known under the name of Я. Edgeworth Hook. f. (Platanthera acuminata

* Таш glad of this opportunity of being able to bring to notice the services of one of these men, viz, Inayat Khan, not only because of his remarkable aptitude as a collector aud of his skill in the selection and preservation of herbarium specimens, but chiefly. by reason of his genuine enthusiasm in his work, by means of which he has acquired a very extensive and practical knowledge of botany.

Ann. Roy. Bor. Garb., Carc, Vor. IX.

11 PREFACE.

Lindl.) that it was considered advisable to have plates of each side by side in this volume for the sake of comparison. It should also be mentioned that plate No. 223 of the Sikkim Orchids does not represent Calanthe tricarinata of Lindley (see plate No. 109 of this volume), and that plate No. 406 of the Sikkim Orchids represents Habenaria ensifolia Lindl., a species quite distinct from H. pectinata Don (see plate No. 180 of this volume).

In conclusion I wish briefly but cordially to express my thanks to all those who have kindly assisted me during the preparation of this work. I am especially glad to avail myself of this opportunity of saying how very much I am indebted to my friend, Mr. Philip Mackinnon, F. L. S., whom I have known in India for many years as an enthusiastic botanist. To turn attention more particularly to the practical results of the interest he has taken in the subject of this memoir, I may mention that no less than nine undescribed species were discovered by him and his native collectors in the neighbourhood of Mussoorie, also several other rare and interesting species, which had not previously been recorded as Western Himalayan.

I am very much obliged to all those who have kindly aided me with orchid specimens from various parts of the Western Himalaya, and trust that I may not have failed to mention them by name throughout the pages of this book. From Sir Joseph D. Hooker, who has always taken a great interest in my botanical work in India, Г have received very great help and encouragement. To Sir William Т, Thiselton-Dyer I am much indebted for having kindly allowed me, when in India, to consult Mr. В. A. Rolfe, the well-known orchid specialist at Kew, concerning some of the more critical species. I wish also to acknowledge the great assistance I have received from Mr. Rolfe since my return to England, as well as from Mr. W. Botting Hemsley, the Keeper of the Royal Herbarium. Lastly, I desire to thank my friend, Major D. Prain, for his willing and valuable help on many occa- sions, and for the trouble he has taken in supervising the preparation of the litho- graphs and the printing of the letterpress.

HERBARIUM, Royan Boranic GARDENS, Kav; J. F. DUTHIE.

104% February 1904.

INTRODUCTION

—— 5: .“

THE tract of the Western Himalaya lies between 28°45’ to 36° N. lat, and between 71° 30’ to 80°40’ E. long.* It extends from Kumaon on the east to the North-West Frontier territories of Gilgit, Chitral and Hazara, and its total area nearly equals that of California (United States). The outer ranges rise abruptly from the great tropical plain of North-West India, and usually to elevations within the limits of the Temperate Zone; whilst on the higher inner ranges, which extend up to above the level of forest growth, a rich Alpine flora is met with. Beyond, and in the neighbourhood of the main axis of the chain of the West Himalaya, are the lofty snow-clad peaks, some of which such as Nanda Devi in Kumaon, and Nanga Parbat between Kashmir and Gilgit, attain an altitude of over 25,000 feet above the sea,

The number of species at present known to occur within the limits of the Western Himalaya is 173, Of these fifty-nine are epiphytes and 114 are terrestrial, and there are 24 endemic species. Forty-five genera are represented, none of which are endemic.

The following table shows the distribution of the genera in other parts of the world : —

REGIONS. E š ЕЕ GENERA OF WEST HIMALATA. 8 š sE DISTRIBUTION IN OTHER PARTS OF THE WORLD, 3 a я а = M "d ра КОДЕ ЕСО وھ‎ м | Е4 © = 3 55 8 ید‎ E 5 © = m ls < |e . Oberonia 1 1 1 £ 1 1 1 1 | Pacific and Mascerene Islands |. Microstylis È 1 1 1 1 1 dis 1 | Europe, North and Tropical ساد‎ West Indies, Liparis ف‎ 1 1 1 1 L £ 1 1 Cosmopolitan 1 in temperate and tropical, regions, Dendrobium 1 1 x L 1 1 1 М Polynesia to New Zealand, ; Bulbophyllum . 1 1 1 L 1 1 1 1 س ب‎ ai the ar cs. . Cirrhopetalum 1 ] L 1 1 1 US Polynesia and Mascerene Islands. ç us - 1 1 .. 2 1 1 ы Pha 4 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | Pacific and Mascerene Islands, E ve 1 1 3 Е 1 1 os e Dito, Islands, Я Со colony : ee 1 А ivi 5% . Pholidota .. ive 5% 1 1 1 1 + 1 d Dit АМАН ыы ы 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Қаны gem MÀ West Indies, . Eulophia PERIIT 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 it . Geodoru 1 Е 1 1 1 1 Polynesia. 15, Oreorchis 1 se ove уй d .. ove North Asia. 16. Corallorhiza i L 0 - bee ба. > - Europe, ند‎ da America, Mexico. . Сушімдіп ғ 1 1 1 1 1 1 “ Madagasca . Doritis І z : : 1 4% ےد‎ meat 1 AE 4 1 RI Jw ы | Polynesia. Sarcochilus L 1 1 1 1 1 is Do. rides... | 1 1 2 1 б 7 . Rhynchostylis zm : d ~ - 0 7 ' + Муз ا‎ š 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 | Polynesia, Mascerene Islands, . Clei a. e 1 1 1 1 1 1, 1 < Do. у Sarcanthus d 1 1 1 1 1 E ... ро. рі 1j з Ж 1 1 1 Burope wane A Б ë E а 1 гу; sà 8 МА ji а urope, North America. ч еее ای‎ ШО | 1 1 1]. < 1| | New Zealand. 2“ 0 L ... ... ove bis 3 VU emi өзі чи 1 1 1 1 1 1] | Polyne $, Pogonia .. L 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 North America and in tropical and sub-tropical region 34. Cephalanthera “ 1 : d ded Kids бі - Asia, Europe, North Africa, North America, 5 — ... ... 1 eve ë ғы к : i к ےر سے ہرد‎ i Ші bis 1 1 1 1 “ 1 1 ve oy eet فد‎ Caledonia, New Zealand, Nort 37. Соойуега + 1 1 1 1 1 1 z i | New Cayodosia, ہے‎ Islands, California. 38. Zeuxine S — 1 $ : i i : 46 1 — USA næctoch шы 1 os پا‎ wich Islands. %: Orchis Г oe б а 1 1 des Ж a Я бы ы North ди, یہ دس‎ North Africa, North America 41, Habe a 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Cosmopolitan. 42. Herminium .. Vis 1 1 . ө : ons ove eii North Asia, Europe, 43, Hemipilia оа іш 5% ë” 44. Satyrium. se tunes Vm 1 1 i » 1 | Mostly African and Mascere 45, Cypripedium... — 1 1 s 1 1 1 .. os Mountains of North and t Central Ameria. 43 42 34 35 33 32 23 14

+ This does not include the narrow sub-montane tract of North Oudh extending eastwards from the district of Kheri.

Ann. Вох. Вот. Gard., Carc, Vor. IX.

82 INTRODUCTION.

The following list gives the number of species contained in each of the forty-five genera : — Habenaria 31; Dendrobium 15; Liparis and Eulophia 9; Calanthe, Cymbidium and Негтіпштп Т; Cologyne and Goodyera 6; Lisiera and Orchis 5; Microsty tis, Oreorchis, Luisia, Vanda апа Pogonta 4; Oberonia, Bulbophyllum, Cirrhopetalum, Eria, Saccolabium and Epipactis, 3; Pholidota, Brides, Epipogum, Spiranthes and Cypripedium, 9. The remaining eighteen genera are represented by a single species:—Pachystoma, Phatus, Geodorum, Corallorhiza, Doritis, Ornithochilus, Sarcochilus, Rhynchostylis, Cleisostoma, Sarcanthus, Gastro- dia, Aphyllorchis, Galeola, Cephalanthera, Zeuxine, Ancetochilus, Hemipilia and Satyrium.

The number of W. Himalayan species found in Sikkim is 105, and the following, thirty-five species extend to China :— Microstylis cylindrostachya, Liparis longipes, Dendrobium chrysanthum, D. clavatum, Cælogyne elata, Calanthe puberula, С. tricarinata, Eulophia fava, Е. nuda, Oreorchis foliosa, Corallorhiza innata, Cymbidium pendulum, С. longifolium, Ornithochilus fuscus, luisia teretifolia, rides odoratum, Epipactis consimilis,. E. gigantea, Spiranthes australis, Goodyera repens, G. procera, Zeuxine sulcata, Anæctochilus Roxburghii, Orchis Chusua, О, spathulata, Habenaria Susanne, H. ensifolia, H. intermedia, H. viridis, Н, goodyeroides, H. galeandra, Herminium augus/ifolium, H. Monorchis, Satyrium nepalense, Cypripedium himalaicum.

Twelve species are found in Ceylon, viz.—JLiparis longipes, Pholidota imbricata, Eulophia nuda, Rhynchostylis retusa, Luisia teretifolia, Vanda parviflora, V. Roxburghit, Goodyera procera, Zeurine sulcata, Sei australis, Habenaria plantaginea and Satyrium nepalense,

The following ten species extend to Britain:— Listera ovata, Corallorhiza innata, Goodyera repens*, Spiranthes autumnalis, LEpipogum aphyllum*, Epipactis latifolia*, Cephalan- thera ensifolia*, Orchis latifolia, Herminium Monorchis and Habenaria viridis.

Pholidota imbricata and Spiranthes australis extend to Australia, and Epipactis gigantea and Goodyera repens occur in North America.

The following twenty-four species are not at PT known to occur outside the area of the Western Himalaya :—

t Mierostylis Mackinnoni—Dehra Dun and Mussoorie. Liparis diodon—Dehra Dun.

-rostrata —Kumaon to Simla. Oreorchis indica —Garhwál to Simla.

+ m Rolfei— Garhwál.

+ Dendrobium Gambiei—Dehra Dun.

+ Cirrhopetalum Hookeri—Garhwal. Eria alba—Kumaon to Chamba.

$ — Hormusj:i— Dehra Dun and Garhwál to Hazara.

ym 1

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T Cymoidium Mac kinnoni—Mussoorie т range. 5 Epipogum tuberosum— Kashmir. + Listera Inayatt—Hazara.

* Aiso in Sikkim.

+ Pubiushed in Journ. As. Бос. Bins. Іххі (1902), Part i, pp. 37—45. $ Published in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi (1897), Part i, 684

§ Not previously published.

INTRODUCTION, 83

* Listera kashmiriana— Kashmir.

T microglottis—Mussoorie range.

t Aphyllorchis Gollani— Сатуу].

+ Pogonia Mackinnoni—Mussoorie range.

Gastro:lia orobanchoides—Garhwil to Kashmir.

Orchis Stracheyi— Kumaon.

Herminium Duthiei—Kumaon and Brit. Garhwál.

Habenaria longifolia—Dehra Dun. —pubescens—Dehra Dun and Garhwál.

—— ——arcuata—Kumaon.

Information regarding the distribution of the Western Himalayan orchis at different altitudes above the level of the sea will be found under each species. The following is an abstract giving the number of species found within each zone:—

Restricted to the sub-tropical zone ... e ы BB Extending from the sub-tropical into the temperate zone .. 16 Restricted to the temperate zone 9 ve s. 90 Extending from the temperate to the alpine zone 45103 Restricted to the alpine zone 6 - «ic^ BE

In regard to the flowering seasons of the W. Himalayan species, although there is no single month of the year during which one or more species may not be found in flower, there are, however, three distinct flowering periods, viz., (1) before the rainy season, ñe., from March to June; (2) during the rainy season; (3) after the rainy season, $.е., from the middle of September and onwards. The species wbich come into flower during the first period are:—Dendrobium | amoenum and candidum 5 Bulbophyllum polyrhizum; Cirrhopetalum maculosum; Pachystoma senile ; Eria flava; Celogyne cristata, ochracea and elaia; Calanthe tricarinata, Мапи and planiaginea ; Eulophia explanata, campestris and Hormusjii; Doritis tenialis; Luisia trichorhiza and teretifolia ; Vanda pariflora and cristata; Saccolabium calceolare and distichum ; Pogonia Mackinnoni and Gammieana; Cephalanthera ensifolia; Epipactis | consimilis ; Spiranthes australis (at the lower elevations) and autumnalis ; Zeuxine sulcata; Habenaria Grifithii ; Cypripedium cordigerum. Those of the third period, which come into flower after the rainy season, are:—Oberonia Falconeri, ensiformis and pachyrachis; Liparis cordifolia and longipes; Cælogyne ovalis; Cymbidium Mackinnoni, cyperifolium and giganteum; Habenaria plantaginea. Тһе flowering of Cymbidium Mackinnoni in mid-winter near Mussoorie at an elevation of about 5,000 feet, and within the region of heavy snowfall, is remarkable, An allied species, С. cypertfolium, is found also in similar situations but always under the shelter of trees, where it comes into flower during March and April, though in Sikkim this species is said to flower in November. ©. giganteum flowers during November and December. I am, therefore, inclined to regard both C. cyperifolium and Mackinnon: as late-flowering species of the previous season.

* Not previously published,

+ Published in Joun. As. Soc. Beng. lxxi (1902), Part i, pp. 87—46.

1 Mierostylis muscifera; Goodyera repens; Orchis latifolia, О. Chusua, О. spathulata; Habenaria Aitchissni var, Josephi, Н. Elisabethe; Herminium Monorchis, H. Duthiei, H. congestum.

S Goodyera fusca, Habenaria urceolata, Herminium pugioniforme.

Ann. Вох. Bor. Garb., Catc., Vor. IX.

84 INTRODUCTION.

The remaining 130 species belong to the second or rainy season period. А large number of the terrestrial kinds may be said to form a portion of that curious sub-trop- ical herbaceous vegetation which suddenly makes its appearance on the advent of the moist monsoon weather, and as rapidly withers and disappears as soon as the rains are over and the air becomes drier and colder. The most conspicuous examples of this monsoon herbaceous flora are the epiphytic ferns, which clothe the trunks and branches of the trees, and more especially the oaks, with a profuse lace-work of brilliant green. Мапу of the Sceiíaminew, such as species of Hedychium, Cautleya, &c., are fre- quently found as epiphytes, whilst the rocks and steep banks are gay with the flowers of begonias and gesneraceous species belonging to Chirita, Platystemma, Didymocarpus and Rhynchogiossum. These conditions prevail, of course, to a much greater extent in the Eastern Districts of Kumaon and Garhwál where the rainfall is heavier, and more so, and for a similar reason, on the outer than on the inner ranges. Some of the rainy season terrestrial species appear to prefer an epiphytic habit of growth. Habenaria latilabris, for instance, is more frequently to be found on the trunks of trees than on the ground, whilst H. Edgeworthii is invariably a ground orchid and is usually found growing in open places away from the shelter of trees. Habenaria Llisabethe is very often met with on the branches of trees, whilst Herminium Mackinnoni has not as yet been seen growing on the ground either at Mussoorie or in its Sikkim locality.

TRIBE I.—MALAXIDEA, Pollinia usually 4, waxy, without appendages, free or rarely attached by their bases to a ball of translucent matter.

Sepals and petals widely spreading, lip deflexed or decurved from the base, column not prolonged into a foot :—

Lip superior, column very short:—

Leaves equitant, fleshy boii 1. Oberonia. Leaves not equitant, асое ———— gr ООО. Lip inferior, column long qp co Eye aer 3. Liparis. Sepals and petals more or less connivent, lip erect from the base, column prolonged into a foot :— Lip not articulate on the foot . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Dendrobium. Lip articulate on the foot:— Lateral sepals not much exceeding the dorsal . . . . 5. Bulbophyllum. Lateral sepals much exceeding the dorsal o. + 6. Cirrhopetalum.

1. Oberonia Lindl.

Epiphytes with usually very short, often tufted, stems. Leaves coriaceous or fleshy, usually ensiform (rarely terete), always distichous and ensiform. Flowers minute, many, sometimes whorled, arranged in a long erect or deflexed spike-like or raceme-like inflorescence, but expanding centrifugally. Sepals subequal, ovate or oblong. Petals as wide as or narrower than the sepals. Zip larger than the sepals, sessile, rarely entire, usually lobed and often erose-lobular, the hypochile more or less concave or with a nectar-secreting pit near its base. Column very short, stout, rarely winged. Anther terminal, incumbent; pollinia 4, cohering in pairs.—Species about 60, distributed in the Indo-Malayan region, but extending also to China, Australia and the islands of the Pacific.

Lip without lateral lobes or basal auricles m Gs 1. O. pachyrachis. Lip with lateral lobes :— Lip oblong, with small lateral lobes .. 2. 0. Falconer. Lip obcordate, with large broad lateral овен. у 2. О. ensiformis.

1. OBERONIA PACHYRACHIS Reichb. f. in Herb. Kew ex Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. у., 681.

Stems very short, tufted. Leaves ensiform, slightly faleate, acute, 3—10 em. long and 7—18 mm. broad. Peduncle of inflorescence short, broad, compressed, adnate to a leaf nearly to its apex; the flower-bearing rachis fleshy, terete, tapering, erect, equalling or slightly longer than its leaf; Дога] bract ovate-rotund, irregularly but deeply serrate. Flowers minute, pale brown, sunk singly in rather distant pits in the fleshy rachis, the sepals and lip lying flat on its surface. Sepals elliptic, obtuse, glandular on the back, not reflexed. Petals smaller, linear-oblong, obtuse, subentire. Гір orbicular-elliptie, obtuse,

86 MALAXIDEZ.

concave, entire or slightly erose at the apex, aud with a deep depression at the base just under the column. Capsule short, turgid, often gibbous. King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. viii, p. 4, plate 3.

Common on the trunks of trees in Dehra Dun, and on ET outer ranges from Mussoorie to Kumaon, up to 4,000 feet; extending 91 to Sikkim and the Khasia Hills. It flowers during the old season.

2. OBERONIA Ғатсохеві Hook f. Ic. Plant. t. 1780; Fl. Br. Ind. v, 678.

Stems short. eaves 2°5—7 cm. long, straight or faleate, acute, coriaceous." Peduncle of inflorescence much shorter than the leaves, terete, bracteate. Racemes erect or decurved, overtopping the leaves; the rachis stout, deeply grooved in fruit. Floral bract longer than the ovary, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, serrulate, membranous, very pale green. Flowers very small, shortly pedicelled, Sepals ovate, acute, reflexed. Petals falcately lanceolate, obtuse, a little longer and narrower than the sepals, spreading. Lip oblong or subquadrate, upper surface glistening with many scattered gland-like specks ; lateral lobes small, with truncate or emarginate tips, the apex with two small incurved obtuse lobes separated by а broad sinus. An/her obovate, its lip emarginate. Capsules shortly pedicelled. О. iridifolia Wall. Cat. 1948 (1 and 3).

Common in Dehra Dun, chiefly оп mango trees, and on the outer ranges between the Jumna and the Ganges up to 3,500 feet; flowering during September. It extends eastwards to Sikkim and the Khasia Hills, and occurs also in Behar, Chota Nagpur and in the Konkan.

The sepals and petals are brownish-yellow, and the lip is green. According to Sir Joseph Hooker this species is nearly allied to О. pyrulifera Lindl., but is more robust, with shorter and broader leaves, and with short lateral lobes or shoulders to the lip, the terminal lobes of which are short and distant,

Prate 94. Oberonia Falconeri Hook. f—A plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, front view of a flower; 2, lip; 3, anther; 4, pollinia;—a// enlarged.

3. (ОВЕВОМА ENSIFoRMIS Lindl. Fol. Orch. Oberonia, p. 4.

Stems 7—8 cm. Leaves linear-ensiform, acuminate, faleate, 7—99 cm. long and 1—2 cm. broad. Inflorescence erect, shorter than the leaves, subtruncate; its peduncle 5--7:6 cm. long and bearing numerous minute lanceolate appressed pale bracteoles ; raceme about twice as long as the peduncle, its rachis thick, fleshy, terete; floral bract longer than the ovary, convolute, ovate-rotund, sub-acute, erose. Flowers 2 mm, long, pale brown, not at all sunk in the rachis, Sepals subequal, broadly ovate, sub-acute, entire, not ciliolate, reflexed, Petals ovate, sub-acute, stiffly pubescent, the edges entire and ciliolate. Lip twice as long as the sepals, 3-lobed, with two large rounded entire basal lobes; mesochile subquadrate, smooth, slightly concave, bearing on its edges two large projecting blister-like processes; terminal lobe obreniform, with two rounded lobules, separated by а broad subquadrate apical sinus; the whole surface and margins of the lip, except the smooth mesochile, clothed with stiff hairs. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind v, 679; King & Pantl in Aun. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. Vol. тш, p. 9, plate 9.

MICROSTYLIS: 87

О. acaulis iiook, Bot. Mag. 5056 (not of Grif.) 0. trilobata Griff. Notul. iii, 273. Malaxis ensiformis Smith in Rees Encycl; Reichb, f. in Walp. Ann, vi, 212 (excl, syn.).

Dehra Dun, chiefly ou sål trees, Falconer, King, Mackinnon; and up to 3,000 feet on the adjacent Himalaya, flowering during November. It extends eastward to Nepal, Sikkim and the Khasia Hills, and has recently been discovered on the Nilgiris by Mr. R. Proudlock.

2. Microstylis Nutt.

Terrestrial or epiphytic, rarely saprophytic, often pseudo-bulbous. eaves one or more, rarely absent, membranous, plicate, continuous with their sheaths. Flowers small, resupinate, in terminal racemes. Sepals spreading or recurved, subequal. Petals narrower than the sepals but about as long. Lip adnate to the base of the column, usually flat, basal lobes large, sagittate, produced upwards, orcup-shaped with small lobes, or with- out basal lobes; the apex emarginate, 2—3-lobed, erose or entire. Column usually very short (long in M. congesta), with two short spreading arms. Anther subterminal, bilocular ; pollinia 4, ovoid or obovoid.— Species about 60, in temperate and tropical regions.

Lip slightly convex, basal auricles sagittate and projecting upwards :—

Leaves 3—4, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate is : 1. M. Walch. Leaves usually 2, at the base of the scape, ovate or suborbis cular, obtuse - et Ši im 2. M. Mackinnont. Lip concave, entire, its apex او‎ into a beak, basal auricles absent :— Leaf one T ewe on A s 3. M. cylindrostachya Leaves two 25 NES Td ote P 4. M. muscifera.

1. MICROSTYLIS ۲۷ ۸۲7708671 гаг in Wall. Cat. 1938.

Stem about 7*5 cm, long, with a few sheaths below. Leaves three or four, 7:5 to 11۰5 em. in length and 3°5 to 65 cm. broad, thinly membranous, ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, narrowed to the sheathing base, the upper ones sessile, the lower with sheathing petioles, edges undulate. Jnjlorescence 2—3 dm. long; peduncle shorter than the raceme, ribbed; raceme laxly many-flowered; floral bracts lanceolate, half the length of the stalked ovaries. Flowers yellowish-green, often tinged with purple, about 13 mm. long. Sepals oblong, the dorsal subacute, the lateral broader and obtuse. Petals linear, obtuse, with recurved margins like those of the sepals. Lip slightly convex, narrowly ovate in general outline; basal lobes or auricles lanceolate, their inner edges straight, and with an intervening space. Тір not constricted so as to form a distinct anterior lobe, its apex fat or slightly ineurved at the notch. Column with very fleshy rounded arms, Lindl, Ger. and Sp. Orch. 20; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. у, 686; іп Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. vol. v, part 1, t. 2, figures 1 and 2 (excl. syn. М. biloba) ; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot, бы. Cale. vol. үш, р. 16, plate 18; Collett in Fl, Sim, 491, fig. 162. №4428 acuminata Don Prod. 29,

Western Himalaya from Pangi to Kumaon between 4,000 and 7,000 fest,

becoming more abundant eastwards, flowering during the rainy season. It extends eastwards to Sikkim and the Khasia Hills, and is found also in Ceylon. |

88 35۸-۰

Var. BILOBA Hook, f. Fl. Br. Ind. L с,; in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. vol. v, part 1, p. 2, plate 2, fig. D.

Basal lobes of lip slightly faleate, converging and sometimes overlapping, apical portion of lip abruptly bent forward and forming an obovate-oblong or subquadrate apical lobe divided at the extremity into two rounded parallel oblong blunt lobules; arms of the column only slightly fleshy; anther with a small subacute emarginate lip; leaves thicker in texture than in typical М. Wallichti, less acute and less undulate. М. biloba Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1940; Сеп. and Sp. Orch. 20; Ridl. in Journ, Linn. Soc, ххіу. 337; King & Pantl. l.c., plate 19.

Simla, Barclay; N.-W. India, Herb. Royle; Garhwál, King; extending eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim and the Khasia Hills.

2. Microstytis MAcKINNoNI: Duthie in Journ. Ав. Soc. Beng. lxxi, part 2, p. 37.

Whole plant 1--Г7 dm. high. Stem swollen below and rising from the base of the previous year’s pseudo-bulb; lower portion enclosed within the leaf-sheaths. Leaves 2 or 3, horizontal, unequal in size, the larger one about 6 cm. long and 4 em. broad, ovate, obtuse, cordate and amplexicaul at the base, fleshy; upper surface dark brownish green; main nerves 3—7, prominent beneath; lower surface purple-coloured, the inter-spaces raised above and giving the leaf a bullate appearance. Scape reddish- purple, sharply quadrangular. aceme shorter than the scape; bracts subulate, persistent, reflexed, longer than the ovary. Flowers sessile, very small, reddish purple. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate, subacute; lateral shorter, subfaleate, edges of all reflexed. Petals linear, shorter than the sepals, much reflexed. Basal and apical portions of йр divided by a raised rim; basal lobes faleately ovate-lanceolate, often contiguous ог” overlapping at the tips; apical portion of lip deeply bifid and protruded, crimson-purple. Column with fleshy rounded arms. Anther with а truncate or emarginate lip. Ovary clavate, not twisted.

Near Mussoorie on southern slopes, 5,500 to 6,000 feet, Mackinnon Nos. 21,779 and 22974; Dehra Dun on the Kalanga НШ, 2-3,000 feet, Mackinnon’s collector No. 25429; flowering in July.

Although most nearly related to М. Wailichii, the very different leaves at once distinguish this plant from any of the numerous forms of that species. It has also inuch smaller flowers and a very differently shaped lip.

Prate 95. Microstylis Mackinnoni DwfAie.—Entire plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, а single flower, front view ; 2, ditto, seen from behind; 3, column and ovary with sepals, petals and half the lip removed; 4, column and upper portion of ovary ; 5, anther; 6, pollinia;—all enlarged. :

3. MICROSTYLIS CYLINDROSTACHYA Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi, 207.

Stem proceeding from the base of the small conical tuber of the previous year, up to 15 em. long, and bearing one or two wide-mouthed sheaths. Leaf solitary, 3:5 to 10 cm. long and 2 to 4 cm. wide, elliptic, subacute, attached to a long

LIPARIS. 89

tubular petiole. Inflorescence 7:6 to 954 cm.; peduncle long, ebracteate; raceme cylindric, bearing many crowded yellowish-green flowers. Floral bract lanceolate, shorter than the ovary. Sepals subequal, ovate, acuminate. Petals linear-lanceolate, acute. ` Lip fleshy, broadly ovate, excavated, the margins thickened, angled апа denticulate, the apex produced into a fleshy point; upper surface with a raised central line from base to apex, and two convexities immediately under the column. Pollinia divergent, subovoid, their points convergent under the corners of the stigma. Ridl. in Journ, Linn, бос. xxiv, 333; Hook. f. Flor. Br. Ind. v, 689; King & Pantl. in Ann, Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. viii, 20, plate 24; Collett Flor. Siml. 492. Dienia cylindrostachya Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1934; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 22; Wight, Ic. 1630.

Kashmir, C. B. Clarke No. 31478 ; Simla 7-8,000 feet, Lady Dalhousie, T. Thomson, Barclay, Collett and others; Bashahr, Lace; Garhwal 6-7,000 feet; Falconer, Duthie No. 4430, Mackinnon No. 21777; Kumaon 7-8,000 feet, Strachey б Winterbottom No. 4 (Dienia), Col. Davidson ; КАН Valley 12,000 feet, Duthie No. 341. Eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan, and thence to China, occurring usually at higher elevations. It has been found also in Central India by Hope, fide С. B. Clarke under his number 16879. Flowers in July and August.

4. 311080877778 MUsCIFERA Ridley in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxiv, 333.

Stem 9:5 to 12-8 em. long, from the apex of a small ovoid pseudo-bulb, bearing one or more tubular sheaths. Leaves usually two, approximate, unequal, ovate-rotund to ovate-lsnceolate, obtuse or subacute, somewhat narrowed at the base to the sheathing petiole; blade 5 to 10 em. in length. Inflorescence 7-5 to 25'5 cm.; peduncles terete, ebracteate ; raceme about equalling the peduncle, rather lax. Flowers minute, yellowish- green; floral bract shorter than or equal to the pedicelled ovary. Sepals subequal, broadly oblong-lanceolate, subacute, longer than the linear petals. Lip broadly ovate, fleshy and excavated at the base; side lobes obscure, convex, thickened. Column very short, fleshy. Hook. f. Flor. Br. Ind. v, 689; King & Pantl in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard, Cale. viii, p. 20, t. 25; Collett Fl. Siml. 491. Dienta muscifera Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1935; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 23.

Abundant on the outer ranges from Hazara to Kumaon, between 8,000 and 12,000 feet flowering during July and August. It extends eastwards to Nepal and Sikkim, and it is also found in the Kurram Valley.

3. Liparis Richard.

Terrestrial or epiphytal, pseudo-bulbous. Leaves one or more, membranous or coria- ceous, continuous with the sheath, or thickened aud jointed at the base. Flswers small, in terminal racemes, resupinate or not. Sepals spreading or recurved, the margins usually revolute. Petals much narrower than the sepals. Zip adnate to the base of the column, usually broad, flat, or deflexed from the middle, sometimes concave, often with calli near the base. Column elongate, often arched, usually winged near the apex, and tumid and compressed at the base. Anther terminal; pollinia 4,—Species about 100, in temperate and tropical regions.

Ann. Roy. Bor. Gard., Carc, Vor, IX.

90 МАБАХШЕЖ.

Leaves large, membranous, contracted at the base into and continuous with a long sheath: — Lip abruptly deflexed from the very base :— Leaf solitary, cordate; bracts minute . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1. L.cordifolia. ور‎ do bracts 00600 22... oe repe n مس ود سوا‎ yox ce es ob МЕЙТ Lip deflexed from about the middle:— Leaf solitary :—

Leaf thin, bracts long and slender 3. L. 111۰+

Leaf fleshy, bracts minute . š 4. L. diodon. Leaves 2; bracts very minute ; lip jel 0ھ‎ AES oum 5. L. rostrata.

Leaves 2-5; lip euneately obovate, 2-tubercled at the base :— Leaves 2-3; floral bract ovate-lanceolate . . : ое Oi B раван. Loaves 4 of 6 7 floral br minate . 7 1. oos Ll sl ova № L. мше culata. Leaves coriaceous or subcoriaceous, jointed to the sheath or pseudo-bulb:—

Pseudo-bulb elongate; leaves 2 i DUUM Са”, Ты WV с ADM Pseudo-bulb short, ovoid; leaf 01 PU یہہ مہ‎ ысу ایی کی‎ RR e ЕЕ

ік

LIPARIS CORDIFOLIA Hook. £. Ic. Plant. t. 1811.

Terrestrial, the whole plant of a uniform deep green colour. Pseudo-bulbs crowded, much compressed, ovoid, pointed, with a few scattered fibres at the base, 3:5 cm. long. Stem short, stout, enveloped by the leaf-sheath. Leaf 5 to 12:5 cm. long and 3:5—10 em. broad. Inflorescence about as long as the leaf; peduncle elongate, ebracteate. Raceme 2-5 to 5 cm.; floral bract triangular, minute, the pedicelled ovary long and filiform. Flowers 1°5 сш, long. Sepals linear-lanceolate, acute; the dorsal spreading, the lateral pair lying under the lip and almost concealed by it. Petals linear, spreading. Lip broadly triangular or obovate-deltoid, flat, with a slight concavity at the base, and with a minute tooth on each side, a central grooved ridge and two lateral branching nerves; the edges minutely erose-crenulate; the apex broad, subtruncate and apiculate. Column curved, much swollen at the base, and produced into two polished knobs, apex with two short rounded wings. Pollinia elongate, 3-angled, each pair resting on a distinct rostellum which is tipped with a ball of transparent viscus. Hook. f. Flor. Br. Ind. v, 692; King & Pantl in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. viii, p. 24, plate 28.

Dehra Dun, Royle; extending eastwards to Sikkim and the Khasia Hills, up to 6,000 feet. Royle’s specimens were in flower in October.

2. LiraRIS DEFLEXA Hook. f, Flor. Br. Ind. v, 697.

-

Terrestrial. Stem cylindric, as thick as a goose-quill, 5 to 6°5 cm. long, covered by two or three tight short subacute sheaths, springing from a cylindric tuber. Leaves two, from near the top of the stem, subopposite, and with short unequal petioles, elliptic, acuminate, membranous, plicate, 7-nerved, 15 to 18 cm. long, and about 6 cm. broad. Inflorescence longer than the leaves, erect, striate; the peduncle with a few lanceolate deflexed bracts. Raceme lax; floral bract half as long as the pedicelled ovary, reflexed. Flowers about 8 mm. across, yellow. Sepals narrowly oblong, the dorsal acute, the lateral ones obtuse. Petals narrowly oblong, obtuse and, like the sepals, reflexed and with recurved margins. Jip flat, orbicular-reniform, contracted at its junction with the column, the margins minutely erose except near the base; apex broad, lightly

LIPARIS. 91

emarginate and mucronate; the upper surface with a narrowly oblong mesial glistening and nectar-exuding patch extending from the base to the middle; calli two, just under the column. Column slightly curved, with narrow rounded wings near the apex, the base somewhat swollen. Hook. f. Ic. Plant. 2008; King & Pantl in Ann, Roy. Bot. Gard. viii, 25, plate 31.

Kumaon, in the Kali Valley, Duthie’s Collector No. 24113; flowering in August. Previously known only from Sikkim,

3. Liparis GLOSSULA Reichb. f, in Linnea xli, 43.

Terrestrial. Pseudo-bulhs ovoid, tufted, 3:5 to 5 cm. long. Leaf solitary, oblong, subacute, suddenly contracted into a sheath at the base, sometimes stalked, 5 to 10 сш. long, and up to nearly 2:5 cm. broad. Inflorescence erect, longer than the leaf; raceme lax-flowered; floral bract linear, obtuse, shorter than the pedicelled ovary. Flower 1'9 cm, long, green, the lip purplish, Sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute, dorsal spreading, the lateral ones lying parallel under the lip, all with revolute margins. Petals linear, reflexed. Lip oblong, with a broad rounded ciliolate cuspidate apex, deflexed about the middle, concave and with a shining fluted line running from base to apex, without calli at the non-deflexed base, the whole lip veined and purple with olive-green edges. Column with two short wings near the apex, the base dilated into two large purple knob-like convexities. Anther with a beaked apex. Ridl. in Journ, Linn. Soc, xxii. 268; Hook. f. Ic. Plant. 1809; Flor. Br. Ind. v, 693; King & Pantl. in Ann, Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. vii. 26, t. 33.

Mussoorie range, 6,000 to 7,000 feet, Mackinnon, Duthie, Nos. 21772, 22734, 24179; Landour, 5,000 to 7,000 feet, Edgeworth; British Garhwál, 6,000 to 7,000 feet, Duthie No. 4497(a); Kumaon, 7,000 to 8,000 feet, Strachey § Winterbottom No. 1, Colonel Davidson, Duthie. Flowers in August. It extends eastwards to Nepal and Sikkim.

4. Liparis piopon Reichb. f. in Linnea xh, 43.

Leaf elongate, spathulate, obtuse, membranous, fleshy, Scape angled, naked; bracts minute. Sepals linear. Petals filiform. Lip cuneate and angled on both sides at the base, then dilated, sub-quadrate and crenulate at the end, apiculate. Column slender, curved, 2-toothed at the base. Anther not rostrate. Ridl. in Journ. Linn, Soc. xxii, 278; Hook. f. Flor. Br. Ind. v, 693.

Dehra Dun, Hort. W. Sanders. I have seen no specimens of this plant.

5. ІЛРАБІ8 rostrata Reichb. f. in Linnea xh, 44.

Terrestrial. Pseudo-bulb ovoid, sulcate, 12—20 mm. long, tufted on a short rootstock. Stem from the base of the pseudo-bulb, bearing two obtuse sheaths, Leaves two, opposite, sub-sessile or petioled, broadly ovate, subacute, about 1 dm. long and 3—5 cm. broad, tapering gradually into sheatbing petioles, Scape a little longer than the leaves; peduncle quadrangular, angles winged; raceme laxly flowered, 5—15 сш. long; bracis small, broad-based. Flowers 19 mm. across. Sepals 3-nerved, narrowly lanceolate or

Ann. Вот. Bor. Gard., Carc, Vor. IX.

92 MALAXIDEAJE.

spathulate, dorsal with a cordate base. Petals linear, reflexed. Lip flat, quadrate, obeordate, with a minute mucro in the sinus, green tinged with lilae, margins minutely crenulate, claw channelled above. Column long, slender, winged on the sides. Anther with a broad triangular beak. Hook. f. Ic. Plant. 1813; Fl. Br. Ind. v, 694; Collett Fl. Siml. 492. Г. olivacea (іп part) Herb. Ind. Or. Hook. f. & Thoms. (not of Lindl.); Royle ПІ. 364. L. rupestris (in part) Ridl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxii, 145 (not of Griffith).

Simla to Kumaon at elevations between 5 and 8,000 feet. Simla, Т. Thomson, Gamble; Jaunsar, Gamble No. 27163, Озтазіоп (Duthie’s No, 21774); N.-W. India, Royle (L. olivacea); Mussoorie, Falconer, Mackinnon, Duthie Nos. 637(а), 21773, 21774, 22971. In flower during July.

Prarg 96. Liparis rostrata Reichb. f.—A plant,—o; natural size. 1, front view of flower; 2, back view of ditto; 3, column; 4, anther; 5, pollinia;—al/ enlarged.

6. LiPARIS PARADOXA Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi, 218.

Terrestrial Pseudo-bulbs narrowly ovoid, Stems about 15 cm. high, slightly bulbous at the base, bearing several sheaths. Leaves two or three, 12—13 cm. long and about 2-5 em. broad, alternate, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acute, narrowed to the amplexicaul sheath, plicate, 5-nerved. Inflorescence longer than the leaves, the peduncle finely striate with one or two linear spreading bracts; raceme as long as or longer than its peduncle few-flowered; floral bract ovate-lanceolate, shorter than the twisted stalked ovary. Flowers 1:3 em. long, green, the lip dull-purple. Dorsal sepal linear, blunt, spreading, its margins recurved; lateral broadly ovate, 5-nerved, recurved. Lip quadrate, abruptly deflexed from the middle, concave, and bearing two erect tooth-like calli; the edges entire; apex broad, emarginate, erose, and shortly apiculate. Column not curved, its upper half hood-like from the large rounded crenulate wings. Anther acuminate. Ridl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxiio, 261; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 698; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 27, plate 34; Collett Fl. Siml. 492, L. odorata Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 26; Thwaites Enum. Pl. Сеуі, 295. Empusa paradoza Lindl, in Wall. Cat. 1937A (in part); Bot. Reg. sub. t. 825; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 17; Royle Ш. 364; Mig. Prolus, Fl. Japon. 135; Thwaites Enum. Pl. Ceyl. 426. Malazis lancifolia Smith in Rees Encycl.

Abundant on the outer ranges from Simla to Kumaon, up to 7,000 feet, flowering during the rainy season. This species extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim, the Naga and Khasia Hills and Bengal, and southwards through Central and Southern India to Ceylon; it occurs also in Burma, Siam, China, Japan and

Java.

7. LiPARIS BITUBERCULATA Lindl. Bot. Reg. sub, 882.

Terrestrial. Stems tall, tufted, erect, robust, fleshy, 2 to 2-5 dm. Leaves four or five, 1 to 2 dm. long, obliquely ovate or elliptic-lanceolate, shortly acuminate, 7-nerved, plicate, membranous, polished, the base tapering into the broad sheathing petiole. Inflorescence erect, stout, striate, much longer than the leaves; peduncle without bracts; raceme about 15 cm. long, rather few-flowered; floral bract minute, cordate, acute,

LIPARIS. . 93

deflexed. Flowers about 8 mm. long, brownish-purple. Dorsal sepa! linear-oblong, obtuse, reflexed; lateral pair similar in shape but broader and spreading. Petals linear spreading, their margins, like those of dorsal sepal, recurved. Lip oblong, very concave, deflexed from about the middle, revolute, bearing two sharp tooth-like calli at its base; edges entire or slightly crenulate, the apex blunt with a small triangular apiculus. Column curved, slightly winged near the apex. Ridl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxii, 263; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 693; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. viii, 28, plate 35. Empusa paradoza Wal. Cat. 1937 В; Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 17. Cymbidium? bituberculatum Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 116. Sturmia bituberculata Reichb. f. іп Bonplandia n, 22.

Kumaon, Blinkworth ; extending to Nepal, the Sikkim Himalaya and the Khasia Hills. Flowers in July.

8. LIPARIS LONGIPES Lindl. in Wall. Pl, As. Rar. 1, 31, t. 35.

Epiphytal. Pseudo-bulbs close together in a row, cylindric and stem-like, or swollen at the base, 7:5 to 15 cm. long, with a few vertical striz and tightly clasping sheaths. Leaves two, oblanceolate-oblong, subacute to acuminate, sometimes aristate, 10 to 15 em. long and 9 cm. broad. Inflorescence erect, shorter or longer than the leaves; peduncle slender, terete, ebracteate; raceme twice as long as the peduncle, many-flowered; floral bract linear-lanceolate, shorter than the pedicelled ovary. Flowers 7 mm. long, pale yellowish-green. Sepals linear-oblong, subacute. Petals shorter than sepals, linear, obtuse, reflexed and with recurved edges ая are the sepals. Lip broadly oblong, re- curved from about the middle, the inner margins at the base much thickened so as to form triangular processes; no true calli, sides entire, the apex broad and shortly apiculate. Column slightly curved, with very small rounded wings. Wall. Cat. 1943 (in part); Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 40; Wight Ic. t. 906; Thwaites Enum. Pl, Ceyl. 295; Benth. Fl. Hongkong 352; Ridl. in Journ. Linn. Soe. xxii, 293 (excl. L. elegans Lindl); Hook. f. Fi. Br. Ind. v, 703; King & Pantl. in Ann, Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 29, plate 37 Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxvi, 7 L. pendula Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1838, Mise. 180. ?Г. nesophila Reichb. f. Ot. Hamb. i, 56. L. spathulata Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1842, Misc. 189, р. 81. Liparis longipes var. spathulata Ridley 1. с.; King & Pantl. l. c. 30, plate 38.

Tropical Himalaya, from Dehra Dun to Kumaon, up to 3,000 feet, flowering in September and October. This species extends eastwards to Sikkim, Bhutan and the Khasia Hills, and southwards to the Nilgiris and Ceylon; it is also found in China and in the Malay and Pacific Islands.

L. longipes is a widely distributed and polymorphie species. The Dehra Dun plant agrees best with Lindley's L. spathulata, which has shorter and thicker pseudo-bulbs, rather broader leaves and shorter racemes than in the type. Sir Joseph Hooker observes (in Fl. Br. Ind. 1. с.) that it occurs everywhere along with the form having long pseudo-bulbs, and that intermediates abound.

9. Ілғағів Durar Hook, f. Ic, Plant. 1857 B.

Epiphytal. Pseudo-bulbs tufted, ovoid, 8 to 12 mm, long. Leaf linear-oblanceolate tapering to the base, petioled or sessile, 2:5 to 7:5 cm. long by 5 % 10 шш. broad, Zn- florescence as long as the leaf, peduncle winged, a little longer than the raceme,

94 MALAKXIDE A.

ebracteate. Raceme. rather laxly flowered; floral bract linear-lanceolate, equal to or exceeding the stalked ovary. lowers minute, pale green. Sepals elliptic-oblong, blunt, reflexed. Petals linear, recurved, longer than the sepals, Zip quadrate, slightly narrowed to the base, decurved about the middle, the edges near the base with two thickened processes; true calli none, the sides of the lip entire, apex broad, subtruncate, slightly emarginate, minutely erose. Column slightly curved, rather long, obscurely winged, not thickened at the base. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 701; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard, Cale., viii, 32, plate 42.

Gori Valley in Eastern Kumaon, 2-3,000 feet, Duthie Nos. 5991, 24111; flowering in August. It was subsequentiy found by Mr. Pantling in the Teesta Valley, Sikkim Himalaya, at an elevation of 1,000 feet.

4, Dendrobium Swartz.

` Epiphytal. Psewdo-bulbs short and fleshy or elongate and stem-like, usually tufted. Leaves never plicate, usually sessile and with sheathing bases. Flowers solitary, or in fascicles or racemes, often large. Sepals subequal, the lateral pair obliquely adnate to the foot of the column and forming with it a sac or mentum, Lip sessile or clawed at the base, adnate to and incumbent on the foot of the column; side lobes embracing the column, or spreading, or absent; the terminal lobe broad or narrow, flat, convex, concave or saccate; disk sometimes lamellate. Column short, with a long or short foot which usually has а nectar-secreting cavity at its extremity, the apex angled or 2-toothed ; anther 2-celled. Pollina 4, equal in length, sometimes in free pairs but usually all slightly coherent, ovoid or oblong, slightly compressed.—Species about 300, in Tropical Asia, Australasia and Polynesia.

$ 1. Breviflores.— Stems tufted, long, terete or clavate. Leaves membranous | persistent. Flowers small, in short racemes or heads, yellow, often dingy; mentum large, saccate; dip very short, deeply concave or urceolate, truncate or with short lobes.

1. JD. bicameratum.

$ 2. Stachyobium.—Pseudo-bulbs short, tufted, with 2 or 3 leaves, or stems elongate and leafy. Leaves narrow, membranous, deciduous or persistent. Flowers in slender terminal or lateral racemes, small or medium-sized, pale green or yellowish, or white with red veins; mentum rather long, conical, incurved, or short and obtuse; lip often with a flat keel on the disk terminating in a truncate crenate callus оп the mid-lobe.

Raoemes many-flowered, drooping : . . . OE. у, .... X Scape short, erect, 3—5-flowered . 2

5 5. Eudendrobium,—Séems elongated, stout or slender, cylindric, clavate or nodose. Leaves membranous or coriaceous, persistent or deciduous. Flowers usually large, in lateral pairs, fascicles or racemes, rarely solitary, variously coloured, white, yellow or purple.

DENDROBIUM. 95

Lip not forming a pouch :— Flowers pale yellow, or white with yellow, lilac or purple markings:— Posterior portion of lip convolute :— Lip about as broad as long, without side lobes:— Lip strongly ciliate on the т» minim portion pale

yellow š D. primulinum. Lip minutely ciliate on de — margin, fite yellow with purple radiating lines . . 5 HE 0. 5. » б. D. Pierardi Lip longer than broad, with convolute side lobes :— Mentum swollen at the apex, bracts small, 7 obtuse . . 6. D. amenum. Mentum conical, bracts large, sepals acute D. transparens,

Lip convolute 522 its не dm prai 79 ейди.

purple veins . . қ 5% . 5. D. Gamblei. Lip not convolute :-— lap withott BH 7 10066777. e er а сё 9. Dpi daluh, Lip with short erect side lobes . . . 10. D. candidum. Flowers large, yellow, often with ба blotches on من‎ т? — Petals and lip not fimbriate on the margins, stems erect:— Lip я at the base, and with a large purple blotch on the disk . . 11. D. clavatum. Lip We jc A stale n lip all mds at تم‎ fotota . 12, D. normale. Petals and lip with fimbriate margins :— Stems erect :— Lip concolorous . . 13. D. fimbriatum. Lip with a sai patch af алыр وہ‎ оп the upper surface . - ae . 18(а). D. fimbriatum var. oculata. Stem pendulous, lip with 2 S suborbieular iis of brownish- purple . 12. D. chrysanthum. Lip forming a аш pouch, owe dull yellow vidi orange or reddish veins . . 222% о i 4 ~ « 5. « 16. D. moschatum.

1. DENDROBIUM BICAMERATUM Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1839, Misc. 85.

Stems clavate or fusiform, То to 45 cm. long. Leaves elliptie-oblong to elliptic- lanceolate, 3:6 to 7:5 cm. long and 2 to 2:5 cm. broad; apex acute, obliquely and minutely bifid. Flowers about 1 cm. across, yellow marked with red, densely clustered on a short rachis and forming a capitate lateral or subterminal raceme; floral braci sheathing the shortly stalked ovary. Dorsal sepa! broadly ovate-oblong; lat teral pair triangular, all concave and subacute. Petals broadly elliptic, obtuse, about as long as the sepals. Lip small, fleshy, very concave, broadly triangular (when flattened out) and 3-lobed; side lobes triangular, acute, erect; terminal very short, truncate; the disk fleshy каа smooth. Column very short, with two large oblong nectar-secreting cells. Mentum urceolate. Anther fleshy. Saunders Refug. Bot. t. 143; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 729; King & Pantl in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. уш, 42, t. 56. D. breviflorum Lindl, in Journ. Linn, Soc. ii, 14. D. bulbojlorum Falc. Mss. ex Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. 1с.; Ie. Plant, t. 2028,

On the southern slopes of the outer ranges; below Mussoorie between 3,000 and 4,000 feet, Mackinnon, No. 21744; above Dehra Dun in Garhwál, Gambie; Lansdowne in

96 MALAXIDE X.

Brit. Garhwál, Capt. Roberts; Thákil Hill in E. Kumaon, Inayat Khán (Duthie’s No. 24092). Flowers in August. It extends eastwards to the Sikkim Himalaya and Upper Burma, and south to the hilly parts of the Ganjam district.

2. DENDROBIUM DENUDANS Don Prod. Fl. Nepal. 34.

Stems 15 to 25°5 cm. long, terete, suberect, many-leaved, the lower leaves often early deciduous. Leaves narrowly oblong, acute or subacute, sometimes obliquely notched, not narrowed to the sheathing base, 5 to 10 em. long. Racemes leaf-opposed, slender, decurved, longer than the leaves, many-flowered. Flowers 12 to 20 mm. long; floral bract minute. Sepals subequal, not wide-spreading, linear, acuminate, falcate. Petals like the sepals, but smaller. Lip much shorter than the sepals, decurved from the base, lower part subquadrate (when spread out), with two long narrow laciniate side lobes; terminal lobe strongly recurved, serrate and crisped; apex triangular; the disk with an obscurely 3-lined smooth surface. Column rather long, the margin of the clinandrium denticulate; foot of column long, curved, stout, concave, hispid near its extremity, without a nectary. Anther with its lower margin ciliolate. Wall. Cat. 2014 (in part); Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 84; Bot. Reg. 1838, Misc. 156, and 1844, 61; Journ, Linn. Soc. іп, 19; Hook. f. Е. Br. Ind. v, 715; King & Pant]. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. viii, 45, plate 62,

British Garhwál, 5-6,000 feet, on rocks, Duthie No, 4416(a); Kumaon, 4-5,000 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom No. 5; Duthie Nos. 3403, 5992, 8019, 24094. Flowers towards the end of the rainy season. It extends eastwards to Sikkim.

The flowers are pale green or whitish, the lip is veined with red, and the foot of the columu is tinged with red.

3. DENDROBIUM ALPESTRE Royle Ill. Him. Bot. 370, t. 88, fig. 2.

Pseudo-buibs elongate, polynodal, tapering from the base, 8-4 ста. long. Leaves 3-5 cm. long and 5-10 mm. in breadth, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, often notched just below the apex, many-nerved, thinly coriaceous. Racemes 3-7-flowered, leaf-opposed, slender, erect. Flowers about 16 mm. across; floral bract subulate, subpersistent, less than half the length of the stalked ovary. Dorsal вера! 9-10 mm., lanceolate, acuminate, 3-nerved, erect ; the lateral pair a little longer and broader, falcately lanceolate, acuminate, 5-nerved, spreading. Petals about 8 mm. long, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 2-пегуей, erect. Lip decurved, concave, oblong-obovate beyond the narrow claw (when flattened out), yellowish- green with dark purple veins, side lobes erect, acuminate, deeply inciso-serrate along the edges; mid-lobe small, triangular, acute, much recurved, with undulate edges; disk with a thickened 3-lamellate mesial crest extending from the base of the lip to the insertion of the terminal lobe. Column long, its foot elongating to a right angle, anterior surface more or less blotched with purple, edges minutely papillose, the excavation at its apex partially concealed by a truncate inflated plate. Mentum short, obtuse. Anther with a denticulate lip. Stigma a viscid orbicular cavity below the anther. Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc. 61; Walp. Ann. vi, 300; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 715. D. denudans Wall, Cat. 2014 (in part). ? D. pusillum Don Prod. 35.

DENDROBIUM. 97

Not uncommon in Garhwál and Kumaon at elevations between 4,000 and 6,000 feet, usually on rocks, flowering during the latter part of the rainy season. It extends eastwards to Nepal.

Prate 97. Dendrobium alpestre Royle.—Portion of plant,—of natural size, 1, а single flower; 2, ditto with sepals and petals removed; 3, lip, flattened out; 4, column; 5, summit of column with anther removed; 6, front view of anther; 7, side view of ditto ; 8, pollinia ;—al/ enlarged.

4. DENDROBIUM PRIMULINUM Lindl. in Gard. Chron. 1858, 223.

Stems up to З dm. long and about 1:5 cm. in diam, pendulous. eaves about 1 dm. long, the upper ones smaller, broadly oblong, coriaceous. Flowers solitary from the nodes of the leafless stems, shortly pedicelled, 6:5 cm. across; floral bract minute, emarginate. Sepals and petals white or pink. Sepals narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, spreading or reflexed. Petals rather smaller, linear-lanceolate, acute, erect or spreading. Lip broadly oblong (when spread out), very shortly clawed, about 3 cm. in length and nearly as broad, convolute towards the base, strongly ciliate on the margins, the basal , portion white, the apical portion pale primrose-yellow and puberulous. Column with two horn-like processes at the apex. Mentum rounded. Anther puberulous, its lip toothed. Capsules sessile or nearly so. Lind]. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, 12; Trans. Russ. Hort, Soc. 1861, 268, t. 52; Hegel Gartenfl. 1861, 158, t. 326; Williams Orch. Alb. vi, t. 286; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 70, with fig. and var. gigantea 71; Hook. f. Fl, Br. Ind. v, 735. D. nobile var. pallidiflora Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 5003.

Dehra Dun at Nálapáni; and on the southern face of Budráj near Mussoorie, up to 3,000 feet, Mackinnon (Duthie’s No. 25405); Garhwál, Falconer; in the Rámganga Valley, British Garhwál, Duthie No. 25841. Flowers in April.

There has been considerable misconception in regard to the distribution of this species. Under D. crepidatum in the Fl. Br. Ind. v, 740, Sir Joseph Hooker remarks. “А specimen in Hort. Kew, marked ‘Garhwal, Falconer,’ is perhaps a cultivated one." This evidently refers to the two specimens of D. crepidatum glued down on the same sheet with Falconer’s specimens of D. primulinum, and all of them named D. cretaceum оп the Kew Distrib. ticket No. 1005 by Reichenbach f. subsequently. There is also on the same sheet an original ticket of Falconer’s referring to the specimens of D. primulinum, and bearing the manuscript name of * D. petrocarpum.’ Both D. primulinum and D. crepidatum were found by Falconer in Garhwál, and they were no doubt cultivated in the Saharanpur Garden, and sent thence to Kew under one name. The supposition that D. primulinum was ever found wild in Sikkim is probably an error.

PLATE 98. Dendrobium primulinum Jindl.—Portion of plant,—of natural size, 1, а single flower; 2, ditto with sepals and petals removed ; 3, lip, fattened out; 4, column; 5, summit of column; 6, front view of anther; 7, side view of ditto; 8, pollinia;— all enlarged.

5. DENDROBIUM PIERARDI Roxb. in Hook. Exot. Flora t. 9.

Stems slender, pendulous, 6-12 dm. long. Leaves sessile, 5-10 cm. long and 92 to 56 cm. broad, lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, subacuminate, caducous. Flowers 3-4 cm. across,

Any. Бот. Bor. Garb., Carc, Vor. IX.

98 MALAXIDE.

solitary or two or three together from very short minutely bracteate peduncles which proceed from the slightly swollen nodes of the leafless stems, rose-coloured or pale purple, the lip yellow with purple radiating lines at the base. Sepals subequal, oblong- lanceolate, subacute. Petals as long’ as the sepals but much broader, elliptic, blunt. Lip suborbicular (when spread out), without side lobes, the claw very short; edges shortly ciliate on the anterior half; posterior portion convolute, upper surface pubescent, Column and its foot about equal in length, the latter with a nectary at its extremity. Anther with a curved erose lip. Capsule 5 ст. long, clavate. Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, 483; Lindl, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 79; іп Bot. Reg. t. 1756; Wall. Cat. 2007; Bot. Mag. t. 2584; Wight Ie. t. 908; Lodd. Bot. Сар, t. 750; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 69; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 738; King % Pantl in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 51, plate 72.

Eastern parts of Dehra Dun, in forests by the banks of the Song river, Gamble and Mackinnon ; flowering in May. Extends to Nepal, Sikkim and China; 15 is also found in Assam, in Bengal, and southwards to Tenasserim and S. India.

| 6. DENDROBIUM AMCNUM Wall in Lindl. Gen. and Spec. Orch. 78 (exl syn. D. aphyllum).

Stems slender, pendulous, up to 75 dm. long, slightly thickened at the nodes. Leaves 6'5 to 10 сш. long, oblong-lanceolate with an obliquely acute apex. Flowers about 9% em. across, 2 or 3 from very short bracteate peduncles springing from the nodes of leafless stems, Sepals oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or acute. Petals larger, ovate. Zip equalling the sepals, oblong-obovate (when spread out), shortly clawed ; side lobes broad, rounded, convolute; terminal lobe orbicular with undulate edges, disk villous. Column broad at the apex; nectary large, its upper margin erose, and its lower with two calli, the centre occupied by a thickened line. Anther minutely papillose, Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1844, 49; Journ. Linn. Soc, iii, 12; Bot. Mag. t. 6199; Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1875, i, 305, figs. 57 and 58; 1881, ii, 625, fig. 126; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 17; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 738; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 49, plate, 69. D. mesochlorum Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1847, under t. 36; Paxt. Fl: Gard. 1, 63, fig. 43. D. Egertoniæ Lindl. 1. c.; Paxt. l. с., fig. 44.

Dehra Dun, Gambie; southern slopes of Mussoorie hills up to 5,000 feet, Falconer, Mackinnon; Garhwal, Duthie Nos. 25842 to 25848; Kumaon, Col. Davidson. Usually on trees May and June. It extends eastwards. to Sikkim, Bhutan, Sylhet and Burma. :

The flowers of this beautiful species are violet-scented. The sepals and petals are white tipped with violet, the lip is white tinged with yellow and has a purple spot near the apex, and the lower portion of the columa and the mentum are violet-colured.

7. DENDROBIUM TRANSPARENS Wall. Cat. 2008-1.

Stems slender, erect, 3—6 dm. long, slightly thickened at the nodes. Leaves linear- lanceolate, 7*5 to 10 em. long and up to 1% cm. broad, the apex oblique and acute. Flowers about 3°5 cm. across, in pairs from the nodes of the leafless stems; floral bract

DENDROBIUM. 99

broadly lanceolate, scarious, much shorter than the stalked ovary. Sepals subequai, lanceolate, acute. Petals about as long as the sepals, but ovate and not so acute. Liz as long as the sepals, broadly elliptic-obovate (when spread out), clawed; side lobes broad, erose, convolute, terminal suborbicular, undulate; the upper surface pubescent. Column with two horn-like processes at the apex, the foot narrowed and with a smal nectar-secreting cavity at its apex. Метит short, conical, obtuse. Lindl. Gen. and Spec. Orch. 79; Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc. 62; in Journ. Linn. бос. iiij 12; Bot. Mag. t. 4603; Paxt. Fl. Gard. i, 134, t. 27; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 81; Hook. f. Fl. Br, Ind. v, 738; King & РапП, in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 50, plate 70. D. Henshall: Reichb. f. in Bonplandia iii, 226. Dendrod. Griff. Notul. 198, Хо. 1135, p. 198.

Kumaon, near Naini Tél, up to 3,000 feet; flowering in May. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim and the Khasia Hills.

The flowers are white or pinkish, the lip is blotched with purple down the centre and has purple lines towards the base.

8. DENDROBIUM GAMBLE: King & Раш. in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxvi, part 2, 584,

Stems pendulous, slender, 3-6 dm. long, with short scarious sheaths at the nodes. Leaves sessile, 3-8 cm. long and 1 to 25 cm. broad, subfaleately ^ ovate-lanceolate subacuminate, thick, caducous, veins obscure. Peduncles solitary or in pairs from the nodes of the leafless stems; floral bracts very small, lanceolate, acuminate. Flower; 1:5 em. across, inodorous. Sepals and petals about equal, lanceolate, acuminate, with reflexed tips, pale greenish-yellow, 5-nerved. Jip 1:9 cm, long, convolute throughout its entire length, the edges fimbriate-serrate except towards the base and at the very apex, subquadrate when flattened out, blunt at the apex and narrowing into a long claw at the base; upper surface with a broad grooved thickened band from base to apex, densely villous on its apical half; veins reddish-purple, bifurcating towards the margin Column 10 mm. long, its foot elongated and with a small ovate-lacerate nectary at it base. Mentum elongate, slightly curved and spur-like, Anther minutely papillose outside, its lip denticulate.

Dehra Dun, Gamble, Mackinnon (Duthie’s Nos, 92983 and 24156); flowering from June to August. It has been found also on the Nilgiris by Mr. Proudlock.

This species is nearly related to D. macrostachyum Lindl, but the peduncles of the latter are

much branched, the lip is convolute at the base only and is not ciliate on the margins, the Save are membranous, and the flowers are scented.

PLATE 99. Dendrobium Gamblei

King & Pantl.—A plant,—of natural size. 1, side view of single flower; 2,

side view .of lip; 3, lip flattened out; 4, column with ovary attached; 5, front view of column; 6, side view of ditto; 7, anther; 8, pollinia; —all enlarged,

9. DENDROBIUM cREPIDATUM Lindl. in Paxt. Fl. Gard. i, 63, fig. 45,

Stems pendulous, 1*5 to 4'5 dm, long, tapering to the base, striated green and white, covered when dry with the long scarious sheaths of fallen leaves. Leaves

Ann. Roy. Bor. Garn., Carc, Vor. IX.

^

100 MALAXIDE Ж.

linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 5—10 cm. long. Flowers 2 to 2:5 cm. across, solitary or two or three together on very short bracteate peduncles from the slightly swollen nodes of the leafless stems, white or pinkish, with a large yellow blotch on the lip; pedicels 3'5 сш. long. Sepals subequal, broadly oblong, subobtuse. Petals not exceeding the sepals, broadly ovate. Lip broadly obovate, pubescent, the edges undulate; apex broad, often retuse; base narrowed to a short claw, with a short transverse ridge in front of it and a small pit behind. Column very short and broad; mentum short, obtuse, Anther very convex. Ovary long-peduncled, divergent, purple. Capsule clavate, 4 em. long. Bot. Mag. tt. 4993, 5011; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 33; Hook. f. Fl. Br, Ind. v, 740; King & Pantl in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 48, plate 66. D. Lawanum Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. іп, 10; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl, 261. Den- drochilum roseum Dalz. in Hook. Kew Journ. iv (1852), 291.

Dehra Dun near Rajpur, W. Gollan (Duthies No. 25404); Garhwál, Falconer, In flower during May. It extends eastwards to Sikkim, Assam, the Khasia Hills and Upper Burma; it is also found in the Bombay Presidency and in S. India.

The flowers of the Sikkim form are less attractive than those of the form found in Assam and on the Khasia Hills, and Sir George King has reason to believe that this species is usually self-fertile, and that it may represent а stage in the transition towards cleistogamy.

10. DENDROBIUM canpipum Wall. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. 1838, 36; 1844, Misc. 32.

Stems erect, slender, 1:5 to 3 dm. long, cylindric. Leaves 5 to 7:5 cm., narrowly lanceolate; apex obtuse, obliquely bifid. Peduncles with short hyaline sheaths, 1-3 flowered, from the nodes of the leafless stems. Flowers white, 2°5 em. long. Sepals broadly lanceolate, obtuse or subacute. Petals like the sepals, but more acute, Lip as long as the sepals, oblong-lanceolate; the apex suddenly acute; side lobes rounded, incurved, the disk between them with an elongated callus. Column short, with а very broad and deeply excavated foot. Mentum short, broad and rounded. Anther large, suborbicular, papillose. Paxt. Fl, Gard. i, 68, fig. 41; Walp. Ann. vi, 286; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 735, in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard., Calc. v, part 1, 12, t. 19; King and Pantl. in Ann, Roy. Bot Сага; -Cale.--vin,--49;- €; 08. D. spathaceum Lind}. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, 15; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 737.

Garhwál near Tehri at about 5,000 feet, Mackinnon’s collector (Duthie’s No. 24155); Kumaon at 3,000 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom; flowering in April and May. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim and the Khasia Hills,

With the exception of a yellow spot near the base of the lip the flowers are ite whic In other respects it closely resembles D. атепит.

11. DENDROBIUM cLAVATUM Wall. Cat, 2004.

Stems stout, slightly clavate, 45 to 7-5 dm. long, the leaf-bearing ones smooth, the leafless suleate. Leaves 9 to 12 сш. long, narrowly oblong, coriaceous, the apex blunt or subacute, slightly notched. Peduncle 5 to 75 cm. long, bearing many

DENDROBIUM. 101

tubular membranous sheaths. Raceme twice or three times as long as the peduncle, horizontal or decurved. Flowers four to six on each peduncle, rather distant, 5 to 7:5 em. across; floral bract membranous, oblong, subacute, shorter than the slender pedi- celled ovary. Sepals oblong, obtuse or subacute. Petals broadly ovate, subacute. Lip narrowed to the convolute base; anterior portion expanded, concave, orbicular-reniform, its margins near the base slightly fimbriate; apex undulate; upper surface tomentose, Column and its foot short, the latter with a nectary near the base; mentum short. Lind]. in Рах. Fl. Gard. ii, 104, fig. 189; Bot. Mag. t. 6993; Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi, 293; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 746; King & Pantl. іп Апп, Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. viii, 53, t. 60.

Kumaon, Strachey & Winterbottom, Stewart; Gori Valley, Duthie No. 24096 ; flowering in May and June. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim, the Khasia Hills, Upper Burma and China, but is not abundant anywhere,

The flowers are dark yellow, and near the centre of the lip there is a large reddish-brown blotch, the edges of the lip being of a paler colour than the rest of the flower.

19. DENDROBIUM NORMALE Falconer in Ann. Nat. Hist. iii, 196 (name only) ; Proc. Linn. Soc. 1 (1839), 14.

Stems З to 4 dm. long, erect, terete, sulcate; internodes 2:5 to 35 еш. long. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 75 to 12°5 long, thin; sheaths tubular. Fiowers 6:5 сш. in diam., subracemose on a lateral peduncle, golden yellow, sweet-scented ; peduncle 2:5 to 3°5 cm. long, with tubular sheaths at the base; bracts embracing the slender ovary, about half its length. Sepals equal in length, their margins entire; dorsal acute, lateral obtuse or emarginate, all three mucronate just below the apex on the outside. Petals and lip similar and about as long as the sepals, but a little broader, their margins minutely serrulate except towards their bases Column short, rotundate, divided at the apex into six divisions, of which the larger ones are subobovate subcarinate, tooth-like and opposite the petals. Anther firm, with a slender filament (occasionally there are three anthers unequally developed, the largest being anticous). Pollinia 4, connate in pairs. Griff. Мой. 11, 225; Іс. Pl. As. t. 284; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. іп, 10; Royle Il. Him. Bot. 363; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 748.

Mussoorie range, in shady ravines on the southern slopes, 3,000 to 6,000 feet Vicary, Falconer, Edgeworth, Mackinnon (Duthie’s Nos. 22707, 24157); British Garhwál near Paori, Т, Thomson, Flowers in June,

This remarkable plant which, as Lindley pointed out, is no doubt a peloriate state or variety of some allied species, has given rise to much discussion as to the normal position of the supplementary anthers in the orchid family. Falconer, in his note published in the Proceedings of the Linnean Society, vol. i, p. 14, says:—'*In my plant it is most distinctly evident both by а decurrent ridge on each filament and by transverse sections of the column at all heights down to its base, that the supple- mentary anthers have the same relative position as the usual fertile one, and in harmony with Lindley’s formule," It was suggested by Lindley that D. normale might prove to be а monstrous condition of D. fimbriatum, but the inflorescence of the former is more ike that of D. сіагаѓит, whilst the leaves almost exactly resemble those of D. chrysanthum.

102 MALAXIDEZ.

Pirate 100. Dendrobium normale Fu/e.—Portions of leafy and flowering stems,—0f natural size. Fig. 1, single flower; 2, column; 5, ditto, with anther partially detached; +, anther; 5, pollinia ;—all enlarged.

13. DENDROBIUM FIMBRIATUM Hook. Exot. Fl. t. 71.

Stems suberect, 7*5 to 15 dm. long, tapering upwards from the base, sulcate, slightly thickened at the nodes. Zeaves 9 to 15 em. long, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed to the base. acemes usually on the leafy stems, lateral, pendulous, 7-12- flowered, 15 to 20 cm. long, the peduncle with several sheathing bracts at the base. Flowers 5 to 7:5 ош. across, yellow; floral bract minute. Sepals broadly oblong, blunt, entire. Petals broader than: the sepals, their apices slightly emarginate, erose. Lip orbicular, with an undulate deeply fringed margin, the base shortly clawed. Column with its foot short and broad and with a suborbicular nectary near the base of the former. Anther obliquely and bluntly conical; pollinia compressed. Wall. Cat. 2001; Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 83 (not 76); Paxt. Mag. ii, 172; Floral Cab. t. 109; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 42, with fig.; Walp. Ann. vi, 293; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 745; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. vi, 58. Dendrobium sp. Griff. Notul. iii, 113.

Near Lansdowne in British Garhwál, collected by Captain Roberts ; flowering in May. This plant was originally discovered in 1820 by Wallich, or by one of his collectors, on one of the outer ranges of the Nepal Himalaya.

Var. ocuLATA Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4160.

Flowers bright yellow, with a large round reddish-brown patch on the lip, Ш. Hortic. 1, t. 15; Warner Sel. Orch. ii, t. 19; Paxton КЇ, Gard. iii, t. 84; Jard. Fleur. 314; Hook. f, Fl. Br. Ind. v, 745; King & Pantl,l.c. 59, t. 82. D. Paztoni Paxt. Mag. vi, 169 (not of Lindl); Fl. des Serres vii, t. 725.

Outer ranges of the Garhwál and Kumaon Himalaya up to 5,500 feet; Mus- soorie range, Vicary, Mackinnon and others; Kumaon, Strachey & Winterbottom No. 6. Flowers in April and May. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam and Khasia Hills, Chittagong, Upper Burma, and also in Perak. In considera- tion of its much wider distribution it might very properly be regarded as the type instead of a variety of the so-called type.

14. DENDROBIUM cHRYSANTHUM Wall. Cat. 2012.

Stems pendulous, 6 to 9 dm. long, tapering towards the base and apex, dark green, clothed with scarious white-lined tubular sheaths. eaves 7:6 to 16-5 cm. long, and from 25 to 3:5 em. wide, lanceolate, acuminate, the base rounded and sheath- ing. Flowers 3'4 cm. in diam., rather fleshy, arranged in fascicles of 2 to 4 оп very short bracteolate peduncles from leafy or leafless stems. Sepals subequal, broadly ovate, obtuse, concave, keeled, fleshy, the lateral pair slightly falcate. Petals a little longer than the sepals, eoneave, ovate-orbicular, entire or minutely erose. Lip trans- versely ocbicular-oblong or reniform (when flattened out) concaye, tomentose towards the fimbriate margin, abruptly clawed at the base. Column broad, concave, the foot

BULBOPHYLLUM 103

with a transverse ridge towards the lower end, and a large nectary below it; stigma emarginate at the lower edge. Mentum short and blunt. Ал ег 3-ridged оп the anterior surface; pollinia oblong. Capsule subovoid or pyriform, 95 to 5 сш. long. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 80; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, 8; in Bot. Reg. t. 1299; Gartenfl. t. 446; Veitch Man. Dendrob. 28; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 747; King & Pantl. in Ann, Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 55, t. 77. D. Paxtoni Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1839 (Misc. 56), Fl. des Serres vii, t. 725.

Garhwál, Duthie No. 25807; Kumaon, in the Rámganga Valley, 4-5,000 feet, Duthie No. 3401; Gori Valley, Duthie No. 24095. Flowers during August and September, It extends to Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, the Khasia Hills, Burma and China.

The flowers are yellow, and the lip has two suborbieular spots of brownish-purple.

15. DENDROBIUM MoscHATUM Wall. in Don Prod. (1825), 34.

Stems stout, erect, tufted, 9 to 18 dm. long, terete, striate, Leaves 7'5 to 15 сш. long and 3 to 5 cm. broad, oblong ovate-oblong or lanceolate, acute or minutely and obliquely notched, slightly narrowed to the base. Насетев one or two from near the apex of a leafless or leafy stem, 2:3 to 3 dm. long, deflexed, laxly 8. to 16- flowered; base of peduncle stout and covered with many sheathing imbricate bracts, Flowers 5 to 7:5 cm. across, usually dull yellow, tinged with pink, and with orange or reddish veins; oral bract lanceolate. Sepals subequal, up to 5 cm. long, oblong- elliptic, obtuse, sheathing. Petals larger than the sepals, broadly ovate, obtuse. Lip shorter than the petals, forming a subglobular or pyriform open-mouthed pouch with incurved margins, outer surface and edges pubescent, often with two large brownish- purple spots inside the cup. Column short and broad, the foot widening downwards, nectary transversely oblong. Anther with an erose lip. Capsule 5 cm. long, fusiform. Wall Pl. As. Rar. ii 83, t. 195; Lindl, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 82, in Bot. Reg. 1844, Misc. 37; in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii, 8; Bot. Mag. t. 3837; Paxt. Mag. ii, +, 241 (excl. syn. clavatum); Veitch Man. Dendrob, 61; Warner Orch. Alb, t. 165 (var. cuprea) Walp. Ann. vi, 296; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 60, t. 84. D. Calceolaria Carey in Hook. Exot, Fl. t. 184; Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 83; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 744. D. cupreum Herb. in Bot. Reg. t. 1779. Epidendrum moschatum Buch. & Banks in Syme’s Embassy to Ava, ed. 1 (1800); 478 with fig.; ed, 2, vol. iii, 315 with fig.

Kumaon, Strachey 6 Winterbottom No. 9. Flowers during the early part of the rainy season. It extends eastwards to Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, the Khasia Hills and Chittagong, also in ‘Tenasserim, |

5. Bulbophyllum Thouars.

Epiphytal; pseudo-bulbs from a creeping rhizome, rarely none. Leaves solitary, thick, persistent (deciduous in В. polyrhizum), or in pairs and thin and deciduous, Scape from the rhizome near the base of ‘the pseudo-bulb, rarely distant from it. Flowers

104 MALAXIDEX.

solitary, capitate, umbellate, spicate or racemose, Sepals subequal or the lateral pair longer than the dorsal (rarely twice as long); the lateral pair adnate to the foot of the column. Petals various, usually much smaller than the dorsal sepal. Zip jointed on the foot of the column, mobile, usually small and strongly recurved. Column very short, often 2-aristate at the apex. Anther 2-celled; pollinia 4, the two inner reduced in size,—Species about 250, tropical and subtropical, chiefly Asiatic, a few in Africa, Australia and America.

Flowers solitary, on a long pedicel, scape very short . 1. B. affine. Flowers racemose or spicate:— Rhizome short, pseudo-bulbs usually crowded, leafless when

in flower . қ š ç А > ; қ 4 . 2, В. polyriisum, Rhizome slender, with distant pseudo-bulbs, flowers and leaves coétaneous.. š ‹ š š . ; . 9. B. reptans,

1. BULBOPHYLLUM AFFINE Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1982.

Rhizome long, stout, densely rooting. Pseudo-bulbs about 7*5 cm. apart, 3 to 4 cm. long, cylindric, slightly thickened at the base. Leaf narrowly oblong, obtuse, tapering to the base, 7°5 to 1775 cm. long, shortly petioled. Scape very short, bracteate, from the sides of the base of a pseudo-bulb, or from the rhizome between the pseudo-bulbs, bearing a single flower. Flowers 2 to 2°5 ст. long, pedicelled, pale green streaked with red, smooth. Sepals subequal, lanceolate, subacute, 5-nerved, not reflexed, the lateral pair falcate. Petals a little shorter than the sepals, 3-nerved, Lip shorter than the petals, lanceolate, thickened and concave at the base, the margins of the upper surface dark purple. Column greenish-yellow, rather stout, its foot short. Anther conical, scabrid ; pollinia curved. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 48; Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann, уі, 246; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 756; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy Bot. Gard. Cale. vill, 67, t. 91. JSarcopodium afine Lindl, in Рах. Fl, Gard, i, 155; Fol. Orch., Sarcopodium 5.

Kumaon, in the Gori Valley between 4,000 and 5,000 feet; Duthie No. 24101; flowering in June and July. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim and the Khasia and Naga Hills.

2. BULBOPHYLLUM POLYRHIZUM Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 53,

Rhizome thread-like, branching; pseudo-bulbs crowded or distant, globular or ovoid, with a broad base, smooth. Leaf 66 cm. long, narrowly oblong, subacute, slightly narrowed to the sessile base, deciduous before the flowers open. Scape filiform, about 1 dm. long, its suberect peduncle longer than the raceme, bearing one or two minute bracts, raceme inclined. lowers about 6, distant, secund, pale yellow, 8 mm. long; floral bract minute, oblong, about equalling the short stalk of the ovary. Sepals spreading, subacute; the dorsal ovate, concave; the lateral pair longer, oblong-lanceolate, subacute, 3-nerved. Petals much shorter than the sepals, broadly ovate, acnte, l-nerved, Jip stipitate, deflexed from the base, oblong, obtuse, scaberulous, the basal

CIRRHOPETALUM. 105

half grooved. Column with very short sharp teeth; its foot short, slightly curved, Ап ее рарШозе, its lip acute. Hook. f. Fl, Br. Ind. v, 767; in Ann. Roy Bot. Gard. v, pt. 1, 15, t. 23; King & Ра. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 70, t. 95.

Dehra Dun, Gamble, Mackinnon (Duthiés No. 24147); Garhwál, up to 4,000 feet, Mackinnon ; flowering in March. It was found by Wallich in Nepal, and occurs also in Sikkim in the valley of the Teesta at au elevation of 1,500 feet.

3. BULBOPHYLLUM REPTANS Lindl, in Wall. Cat. 1988.

Rhizome thin, wiry, naked, branching; pseudo-bulbs distant, obpyriform, smooth, up to 2 cm. in length. Leaf 9 to 15 cm. long, linear-oblong, subacute, obliquely notched at the apex, slightly narrowed at the base to the very short petiole. сарез shorter or longer than the leaves, often in pairs, slender and more or less decurved ; peduncle sheathed at the base, bracteate, longer or shorter than the laxly-flowered raceme; floral bract of the lower flowers of the spike longer than those of the upper, oblong-lanceolate, usually longer than the shortly-stalked ovary. lowers 7—9 mm. long, yellowish with purple spots. Sepals subequal, lanceolate, 9-nerved, sperading, the lateral pair with dilated bases. Petals much shorter than the sepals, oblong, blunt, l-nerved, spreading. Jip about as long as the petals, stipitate, deflexed from the middle, oblong, expanded and grooved at the base, apex narrowed and subacute, margins more or less winged. Column with filiform apical processes and short lateral wings; the foot short and curved, tumid near the stigma. Pollina subglobose, the two inner small. Lindl. Gen. and Sp, Orch. 51; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 768; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 77, t. 106. В. Clarke Reichb. f. in Journ. Linn. бос. хху,! 72. Tribrachia reptans Lindi. Coll. Bot. t. 41A. !

Garhwál, east of Tehri, at about 5,000 feet, Mackinnon ; flowering at the beginning of the cold season. The species extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim and the Khasia and Naga Hills.

6. Cirrhopetalum Lindi.

Epiphytal. Rhizome creeping, but sometimes caspitose; pseudo-bulbs 1- rarely 2- leaved. Leaves coriaceous and persistent, rarely membranous and deciduous. Scape rising from the base of a pseudo-bulb. Flowers usually in whorled umbels, cr capitate, rarely racemose, often dorsally compressed. . Dorsal sepa! concave, short, rarely half as long as the lateral pair, usually much shorter; lateral sepals usually much elongate and acuminate, oblique, often cohering by their edges, the bases adnate to the sides of the column or of its foot. Petals shorter than the dorsal sepal, Lip small, tumid, usually entire, always shorter than the dorsal sepal, jointed to the end of the foot of the column and more or less mobile, Column short; its apex with two (rarely four) ,tooth-like appendages; the foot more or less produced. Anther 2-сеПей; pollinia 4, cohering in а singie mass and sometimes attached by their lower ends to в mass of viscid tissue: the inner two usually small and lamelliform.--Species about 40, chiefly Indo-Malayan.

Any. Вот. Вот. GARD Cato, Vor, LX.

106 MALAXIDEZ.

This genus is best distinguished from Bulbophyllum by the shortness of the dorsal sepal and the great length of the lateral sepals; also by the flowers being usually in umbels, rarely in racemes or heads.

Pollinia attached to a viscus; lateral sepais quite free, tunbag-QUE сес ре ось О о З Pollinia without а viscus, lateral sepals cohering :— Lateral sepals cohering at their bases, umbels erect . 2, С. Hookeri. Lateral sepals cohering except at their bases, racemes Gere. E КРИ E о ооо refractum,

1. CyRRHOPETALUM MACULOSUM Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1841, Misc. 81; 1843 under i. 49.

Rhizomes with fibrous sheaths and many roots; pseudo-bulbs contiguous or as much аз 1:3 сш. apart, ovoid, wrinkled at flowering time, 2 to 25cm. long. Leaf sessile, 11°5 to 15 em. long, narrowly oblong, obtuse and notched at the apex, narrowed at the hase, thick. Scape about twice as long as the pseudo-bulb, with a sheath at the base, the umbel 2-4-flowered; floral bract lanceolate, shorter than the stalked ovary. Flowers about 5 mm. long. Sepals and petals cream-coloured and spotted with red. Dorsal sepal free at its base from the lateral pair, broadly ovate, acute, sub- depressed; lateral sepals about twice as long as the dorsal, free, ovate-lanceolate from a broad base, sub-acute, faleate, their upper margins curved inwards. Petals broadly ovate, very obtuse. Гир oblong with a broad base, tapering to the sub-acute apex, green, the upper surface grooved. Column broadly winged, short; the apical teeth short, curved, blunt; its foot narrowed, rectangularly curved below the apex. Pollinia all cohering to a viscus, the outer two much the longer. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 776; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 95, t. 182. С. bootanense Griff. Notul. iti, 297; Ic. Pl. t. 999. Bulbophyllopsis maculosa: Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann, vi, 243. В. morphologorum Reichb. f. in Bot. Zeit. 1852, 933.

Below Mussoorie, Duthie; Garhwál, Fuleoner, Mackinnon (Duthies No. 21151); Knmaon, 3-4.000 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom. Flowers іп May. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim and the Khasia Hills.

2. CiggHoPETALUM Hooker Duthie in Journ. Ав. Soc. Beng. lxxi, part 2, 88.

Cespitose. Pseudo-bulbs crowded, 1:5 to 1:7 сш. long, ovoid, obtuse, grooved, greyish-green, one-leaved. Leaf 3 to 4 em, long and 1 to 1:2 сш. broad, elliptic-oblong or lanceolate, often subfalcate, very shortly petioled, notched at the obliquely obtuse or acute apex, coriaceous, dark green above, paler beneath, narrowly hyaline along the margins, Peduncle slender, equalling or exceeding the leaves, bracteate. Umbel 3-10- flowered; floral bracts 5mm. long, whorled, lanceolate, acuminate, membranous, shorter than the pedicelled ovary, margins incurved. Dorsal sepal 5 mm. long, quite free at its base from the lateral pair, ovate,*emarginate, concave апа embracing the column, pale yellow, and with three broad reddish-purple veins; lateral sepals 2۰1 ст. Jong, cohering at their base and adnate to the foot of the column, auricled at the base linear-lanceolate, acuminate and with cucullate tips, yellow with three to four reddish yeins, which become indistinct upwards. Petals shorter than the dorsal sepal, broadly

CIRRHOPETALUM, 107

and obliquely ovate, rounded at the apex, yellow tinged with reddish-purple at the base. Lip deflexed from about the middle, oblong, with the margins incurved and forming a deep furrow on the upper surface, thick and fleshy, yellow with reddish- purple spots on the raised margins of the basal portion. Column with a long incurved foot; apical processes two, triangular, setaceous. Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 7869.

Garhwál near Tehri, epiphytic on Rhododendron arboreum at elevations between 5 and 6,000 feet, Mackinnon’s collector (Duthie's No. 25402).

This species is most nearly related to C. cespitosum Wall, a native of the Sikkim Himalaya and the Khasia Hills, from which it differs by its larger size, more reunded pseudo-bulbs and much longer scapes. The lateral sepals adhere at the base only, and the petals are obtuse and quite entire ; the shape of the lip is also different. Тһе Botanical Magazine plate, alluded to above, was prepared from living specimens sent to Kew early in 1902.

Prate 101. Cirrhopetalum Hookeri Duthie,—Portion of plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, single flower, side view; 2, the same, seen from the front; 3, dorsal sepal; 4 and 5, lip; 6, column and ovary with lip attached ; T, column with йр removed; 8, anther; 9, pollinia ;— all enlarged.

3. CIRRHOPETALUM REFRACTUM Zollinger in Flora (1847), 456.

Ceespitose ; pseudo-bulbs crowded, conical and with broad bases, short, wrinkled at flowering time. Leaves in pairs from the apex of а pseudo-bulb, deciduous at flowering time, 8:5 to 12:5 em. long, narrowly oblong, acute, contracted at the base, sessile. Ped- uncle 10 to 15 em. long, erect, slender, sheathed at the base and with two ovate- acuminate bracts; raceme drooping, 3:5 to 9 cm. long, 4—12-flowered; floral braci ovate-acuminate, much longer than the short subsessile ovary. lowers 4 to 6°5 cm, long, decurved. Dorsal sepal free at the base from the lateral pair, lanceolate, apex awned; margins ciliate, depressed; lateral pair about five or six times as long as the dorsal, cohering except at the base. Petals rather fleshy, triangular, more densely ciliate than the dorsal and about half as long. р shorter than the dorsal sepal, oblong, obtuse, very’ fleshy; lower surface convex, the upper smooth, deflexed from below the middle, the basal half with upturned edges, the anterior half with tufts of purple glandular hairs. Column short, with slender decurved apical teeth, the foot short and abruptly contracted about the middle. Anther рарШове; pollinia obovoid, subequal. Walp. Ann. i, 776; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 779; in Ann. Roy. Bot, Gard. Cale. v, 19, t. 28; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. viii, 87, t. 119. ©. Wallichit Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1980; Bot. Кес. 1839, Misc. 72; and 1843 sub. t. 49 (not of Wall. РІ. As. Rar.) С. íripudians Par. & Reichb. f. т Gard. Chron, 1876, 816. Bulbophyllum refractum Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi, 259. В. tripudians Par. & Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx, 154.

. Kumaon, in the Sarju valley at 3,700 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom No. 11; flowering after the rainy season is over. lt extends eastwards to Sikkim, and is found also in Burma and Java,

The lateral sepals, which form the most conspicuous part of the flower, are pale green wnen young and become brownish with age. The dorsal sepal and the petals and lip are pale yellow, spotted with purple. /

Ann. Кот. Bor. Garp., Carc, Vor. ІХ,

108 EPIDENDREJE.

TRIBE II.—EPIDENDRE E.

Pollinia 4 or 8, waxy, attached by their bases or by their backs to a single or double granular or translucent appendage, but without any gland derived from the stigma.

Terrestrial, without pseudo-bulbs :— ` Beapes from a stout سوچ‎ siti before the leaves appear. i Pachystoma. Stems leafy ; flowed inte, appearing with ‘the Ñawi. . 8. Phaius.

~

Epiphytal, pseudo-bulbous or with jointed stems :— Column with a long foot, pollinia8 ....... 9. Ема. Column without a foot, pollinia 4:—

Pseudo-bulbous, flowering bracts deciduous . . . 10. 06+ Stems composed of elongate pseudo-bulb-like joints . M. Pholidota.

7. Pachystoma Blume.

Terrestrial, with thick rhizomes. Leaves solitary оғ in pairs, appearing after the flowers, long, narrow, many-nerved. Scapes pale, with many sheaths. Flowers in crowded racemes, rather small, white or pale purple, puberulous. ар sessile on the base of the column, erect, with oblong acute side lobes and а small terminal lobe. Column short, dilated at the apex. Anther dorsal. Pollinia 8, pyriform, — to a single membrane.—Species 6 to 8, Asiatic or African.

PACHYSTOMA SENILE Reichb. f. in Bonplandia iii, 251.

Terrestrial, leafless at flowering time. Rhizome rather stout; producing leaves at intervals of 2 to 5 em. Leaf succeeding the flowers, solitary, longer than the scape, linear, membranous, 4- or 5-nerved. сарез about 3 dm. high, clothed with many pale membranous clasping striate sheaths, each 2*5 to 5 cm, long; raceme many-flowered. flowers about 13 mm. across, greenish-white tinged with pink or purple, glandular- puberulous; floral bract longer than the curved stalked pubescent ovary, erect, lanceolate, acuminate. Sepals unequal; the dorsal oblong, rounded at the apex; the lateral pair spreading, oblong-lanceolate, subacute. Petals narrowly spathulate, recurved, puberulous like the sepals. Zip sessile on the base of the column, 3-lobed, erect, broadly oblong, gibbous at the base, pubescent, side lobes with acute falcate apices, the terminal lobe suborbicular recurved and abruptly acuminate at the apex, disk of whole lip with 5 stoutly-crested ridges extending from base to apex. Column dilated at the apex, puberulous. Anther on the back of the column, indistinctly 8-celled. Pollinia 8, subclavate, cohering to a single cylindric appendage. Reichb, f. in Walp. Ann. vi, 463; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 812; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot, Gard. Calc.

PHAJUS. 109

vill, 101, t. 140, P. Smithianum, P. montanum and Р. Lindleyanum Reichb. f. 1.е.; апа in Walp. Ann. vi, 462, 463. Р. .Edgeworihii Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi, 463. Apaturia senilis, A. Smithiana and A. montana Lindl, in Wall. Cat. 3739, 3737, 3738; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 130, 131. А. Lindleyana Wight Ic. 1662.

Dehra Dun, 7. Thomson, Mackinnon; Garhwál, Falconer ; flowering in April. It is found also in many places within the northern border of the Gangetic Plain from the Jumna to Moradabad and М. Oudh, and extends southwards to ‘the hilly parts of the Peninsula and Ceylon. Eastwards it extends to Sikkim, the Khasia Hills, Manipur, the Nicobar Islands, the Malay Archipelago and S. China.

8. Phajus Lour.

Terrestrial or epiphytal, with or without pseudo-bulbs, usually of large size. Leaves membranous, usually plicate. Flowers large, racemose on a scape rising from the base of the stem or pseudo-bulb, or from the axil of a leaf or at the apex of the stem. Sepals and petals subequal, suberect, rarely spreading. Lip adnate to the base of the long footless column, gibbous or spurred. Anthers incompletely 4-celled, Pollinia 8, attached by fours to a granular membrane,—Species about 30, in the tropics of Asia and of the Pacific.

Рнау0в ALBUS Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 3749.

Pseudo-bulb none. Stems stout, erect, tufted, 8 to 9 dm. long, bearing many tubular sheaths at the base and numerous leaves. Leaves distichous, sessile, 1-5 to 3 dm. long, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, membranous, glaucous beneath. Raceme terminal, drooping, 4-6-flowered, 10 to 15 cm. long, on a short peduncle with a single elongate sheath. Flowers 5 to 6'5 сш. long, the bract equalling or exceeding the long-stalked ovary, oblong, cymbiform, acute, nearly white. Sepals free, subequal, narrowly oblong, acute. Lip broadly oblong-panduriform when spread out; lower half convolute into a tube; the anterior cucullate, forming a rounded shell-like mouth slightly acuminate, the edges undulate and unequally dentate, the upper surface with seven to nine dentate crested ridges; spur short, horizontal, slightly bifid. Column somewhat winged near the apex, with a very short foot. Pollinia 8, unequal, elongate. Capsule 8 cm. long, narrowly elliptic, Wall. Pl. As. Rar. n, t. 198; Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 128; Bot. Reg. 1838, t. 33; Paxt. Mag. v, t. 125; Bot. Mag. t. 3991; Стар. Cat. Bomb, Pl. 205; Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd, Bat. ii, 181; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 818; King & Pantl in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 110, t. 153, P. Marshalliana Reichb. f. in Linnea xli, 65; Regel Gartenfl. t. 1098. Thunia alba Reichb. f. in Bot. Zeit. 1852, 764. Т. pulchra Reichb, f. in Gard, Chron. 1881, ii, 166. Limodorum bracteatum Roxb. Fl. Ind. іп, 466.

Dehra Dun, often epiphytal on sál trees, Gamble, Mackinnon; Garhwál, Falconer, T. Thomson ; Mussoorie range up to 4,600 feet, Vicary, Edgeworth; Kumaon at 3,200 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom No. 18. Flowers in June. It extends eastwards to Sikkim, the Khasia Hills and Burma, and is found also on the Western Ghats. A very handsome species, with pure white sepals and petals, and usually a yellow or orange-coloured lip. |

110 EPIDENDRE Ж. 9. Bria Lindl.

Epiphytes, usually pseudo-bulbous, the pseudo-bulbs often elongated and stem-like. Flowers never large, rarely bright-coloured, often pubescent or tomentose, m racemes spikes or heads, or on 1-2-flowered pedicels. Sepals free, adnate to the long foot of the column, and with it forming a spur-like or saccate mentum. р sessile on the foot of the column and incumbent. Column short and straight, or long und somewhat curved. Anther imperfectly 4- or 8-celled. Рома 8, pyriform or broadly obovoid, attached in fours by their bases to a granular membrane, or the whole occasionally attached to a single viscus.—Species about 160, all tropical Asiatic.

Flowers glabrous or pubescent, not woolly :—

Flowers subglobose, in dense spikes . Au « « d. Е. comallarioides. Flowers few, їп IAS pikos ee ë 86 Ж. айың Flowers woolly externaliy . š ó. Е. flava.

1. ERIA CONVALLARIOIDES Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1975.

Pseudo-bulbs tufted, flattened, 7:5 to 17 сш. long, covered when young with large loose sheaths, Leaves four to six, 10 to 17:5 cm. long, elliptic-lanceolate or oblanceolate, acute, subcoriaceous, many-nerved, not plicate. Spikes produced on the young growths and proceeding from the axils of the bracts and leaves, cylindric, decurved, the peduncles short and naked. Flowers many and densely crowded, subglobose, 7 mm. in diam., inodorous; foral bract equalling the sessile pubescent ovary, ovate-lanceo- late, concave, those at the base of the spike largest. Sepals broadly ovate, obtuse, the lateral pair very concave. Petals oblauceolate-oblong, spreading, nearly as long as the sepals, but much narrower. Zip obscurely 3-lobed, cuneate, concave, apex subacute, the disk without lamella. Column rather slender, Е а long much-curved foot. Pollinia clavate, attached to a large translucent viscus. Capsule oblong, obtuse, not winged. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 70; in Bot. Reg. 1841, t. 62, Misc. 58; in Journ. Linn. бос. Ii, 53; Reichb. f. in Walp. Ant vL 2/07 nor LL Dr. Ё 7) (91: King & Pantl іп Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. vili, 118, t. 161. — Oclomeria

eL Don. Prod. 31. 0. convallarioides Wall. MSS. Pinalia alba Herb. Ham.

Dehra Dun, Mackinnon; Mussoorie range up to 4,000 feet; Garhwál, Duthie No. 25813; Lansdowne in Brit. Garhwál, Capt. Roberts; Kumaon at 4,000 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom No. 13; Gori Valley 2-3,000 feet, Duthie No. 5990. Flowers in August and September. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim, the Khasia and Naga Hills; also іп Tenasserim.

The flowers are white or straw-coloured, the lip being tinged with yeliow and the column ‘with

red. Sir George King remarks that specimens growing at low elevations have often more slender pseudo-bulbs, narrower leaves and laxer flower-spikes than those from cooler places.

2. ERIA ALBA Lindl. Gen, and Sp. Orch. 67,

Pseudo-bulbs about З ош, long, crowded, ovoid, tapering at each end, not elongat- ing; marked (when fresh) with many distinct vertical lines and a few concentric scars. Leaves 3-5, overtopping the flowering spikes, 1:5 to 2 dm. long and 2 to 2:5 em. broad, cbianceolate, acute, strongly nerved, rather rigid. Scape 4-6-flowered, pubescent.

ERIA. 111

Flowers вхуев!-всөпбей; floral bract lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than the pubescent ovary. Sepals 10-12 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, 3-5-nerved, glabrescent. Petals a little shorter than the dorsal sepal. narrowly lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved. Jip oblong, with a broad sharply curved claw; side lobes pointing forwards, rounded, tinged with reddish- purple; midlobe orbicular, apiculate, yellow; disk with usually two thick obtuse ridges between the side lobes and a central one extending along the rough midlobe, Column short, about 2 mm. іп length. Mentum rounded, somewhat curved and spur-like. Pollinia clavate, attached to a single small viscus. Capsul: about 2 cm. long, linear-oblong and tapering to the base. Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, 53, var. В; Royle Ill. Him. Bot. 364; Hook. f. Іс. Pl. t. 1815; Fl, Br. Ind. v, 795. Осіотеніа alba Wall. MSS.

Plentiful along the outer ranges of Garhwál and Kumaon at elevations between 3,000 and 7,000 feet; Edgeworth, Royle, Strachey & Winterbottom, &c.; found abundantly on oak trees in the neighbourhood of Mussoorie; also on the Punjab Himalaya in Chamba, Duthie No. 23345. Flowers during June and July.

This species is closely allied to E. excavata Lindl., with which it has often been confounded. The pseudo-bulbs of the former are stouter and more distinctly marked with vertical lines; the lip is contracted at the base, so that the side lobes are not basal, and the mentum is mere prolonged. The sepals and petals are white with a tinge of red externally towards their bases; the side lobes of the lip are tipped with a broad band of reddish-purple, and the upper surface of the terminal lobe is yellow spotted with red.

РгАТЕ 102. Ема alba Zindi.—A. plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, side view of flower; 2, ditto with sepals and petals removed; 3, lip spread out; 4, front view of column; 5, pollinia ;—all enlarged.

3. ERIA FLAVA Lindl. in Wall. Cat, 1973 (in part).

Rhizome stout, clothed with imbricating tubular sheaths. Pseudo-bulbs vertically furrowed, sheathed at the base, much compressed, 7:8 to 10 cm. long and 3 cm. in diam. Leaves three to five, more or less narrowly oblong, acuminate, tapering to the base, 1:5 to 2:3 dm, long and 2 to 3 em. broad. Raceme from the base of the pseudo- bulb, about as long as the leaves, covered with dense pale soft tomentum. and with several sheaths at the base. Flowers distant, yellow, 1*5 cm, long; floral bract lanceolate, much shorter than the tomentose, stalked ovary, shrivelled when the flowers open. Sepals tomentose outside, the dorsal one small and lanceolate; the lateral pair much larger, triangular, spreading. Petals smaller than the dorsal sepal, lying parallel over the column, narrowly oblong, tapering to the base and the apex. Lip oblong, 3-lobed; side lobes narrow, with truncate apices, puberulous and with two long tapering ridges at their junction with the disk; terminal lobe oblong, acute, deflexed, slightly 2-ridged, glabrous. Column erect, its foot at right angles to and longer than its body. Lip of aníher with a small quadrate appendage. РоПіта small, compressed, attached to two granular membranes. Capsule 3:9 to 4 cm, long, narrowly cylindric. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 65; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, 49 (excl. var. B.); Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v. 801; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 126, t. 175. Е. anceps Reichb. f. in llamp. Gartenzeit. xix, 10. Dendrobium pubescens Hook. Exot. Fl. t, 124. . Octomeria Лага Wall, MSS. O. pubescens Spreng. Syst. iv, 210

112 EPIDEN DRE.

Dehra Dun and up to 4,000 feet towards Mussoorie, Mackinnon No. 24158; Garh- wal Hills, Duthie’s collector Nos. 25804, 25805, 25806. Flowers in April. It extends eastwards to Bengal, Sikkim and Bhutan.

10. Coelogyne Lindl.

Epiphytes; pseudo-buibs coespitose or attached to a rhizome, 2- (or rarely 1-) leaved. Leaves coriaceous, or membranous and plicate. Inflorescence racemose, from the apex or base of the adult pseudo-bulb. Flowers with neither mentum nor spur; floral bract large, deciduous, Sepals subequal, spreading, more or less lanceolate or oblong. Petals narrower, sometimes linear. Lip sessile on the base of the column, rarely clawed, sometimes saccate at the base, oblong and 3-lobed or suborbicular and without lateral lobes. Column long erect, straight or curved, winged and often hooded in its upper part, foot none. Anther more or less 2-celled. Pollina 4, cohering in pairs to a single 2-lobed granular appendage.—Species about 90, Indian, Malayan and one in China.

I.—Eucelogyne. Lip oblong, 3-lobed; flowers and leaves contemporaneous, the latter persiste ent; flowers in racemes. Inflorescence from the base of the pseudo-bulb; leaves in ) pairs, petals lanceolate or vae — Racemes erect . булы уз o E ЧЕТА ест. А Racemes drooping. . . à ә 2. Inflorescence from between the pairs of [^ on ths ET oi a fully developed pseudo-bulb; petals linear:— Flowering axis bracteate at its base; lip fimbriate... . . д. 0. ovalis.

ochracea. cristata.

aa

Flowering axis naked below; edges of lip eroe ... д. О. elata. П.—Р1еіопе. Lip more or less orbicular or reniform, without side lobes. Flowers and solitary leaf contemporaneous . . газ 6 © обла

Flowers and leaves not contemporaneous, the latter i in pairs and deciduous. . .

©

. . . 5 . . * LI . . . LJ . . 6.

precoz.

1. СалтовүкЕ ocHRACEA Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1846, t. 69.

Pseudo-bulbs on а stout rhizome, ovate-oblong to cylindrie, furrowed, 7:5 to 10 em. long. Leaves narrowly oblong, acute, narrowed to the channelled petiole, 15 to 20°5 cm. long. Васете from the base of the previous year’s pseudo-bulb, erect, shorter than the leaves (elongating in fruit) 6—8-flowered; its peduncle stout and with several large imbricating sheaths. lowers white, 3:5 em. long; bract oblong, convolute, sheathing, longer than the slender stalked ovary, caducous. Sepals subequal, oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, spreading. Petals narrower. Lip oblong, constricted near the middle; lateral lobes large, rounded, incurved, edges. serrulate; terminal lobe broadly ovate, obtuse, entire or very slightly notched at the apex, the disk with two ridges. Column broadly winged towards the apex. Pollinia broadly oblong, compressed. ^ Capsule narrowly clavate, 4 ст. long. Lindl. Fol. Orch. 5 Bot, Mag. t. 4661; Walp. Ann. vi, 226; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 831; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 132, t. 182.

Tehri Garhwál 5-6,000 feet, Mackinnon; Brit. Garhwál, Capt. Roberts; also in Kumaon, Edgeworth ; flowering іп May. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and the Assam hill ranges. :

CCELOGYNE. 113 The flowers are fragrant. The sepals and petals are pure white; the upper surface of the lip

has clearly defined blotches of yellow margined with red, and the sidelobes are marked with reddish oblique lines; the face of the column is yellowish-brown.

9. Сатосухе CRISTATA Lindl. Coll. Bot. t. 33.

Pendulous. Pseudo-buibs from a long stout rhizome, rather distant, ovoid-cylindric, polished, sheathed at the base, 5 to 7:8 em. long. Leaves іп pairs, 15 to 25°5 em. long, linear-oblong, acute, narrowed to the sessile base. Racemes from the base of the pseudo- bulbs, pendulous, about as long as the leaves, few-flowered, with many small sheathing bracts at their bases. Flowers large, pure white, 5 to 8 em. long; bract oblong, c oncave, acute, about as long as the long-stalked ovary. Sepals and petals sub-equal, erecto- patent, obtuse or sub-acute, with entire undulate edges. Zip oblong, with large rounded lateral lobes, terminal lobe distinct, short, broad, crenate, with two broad square yellow lamellz on ifs upper surface; disk between the lateral lobes with four yellow fimbriate lamellae. Column long, its apex hooded and crenate. Anther with а sub-acute lip. Pollinia 4, narrowly oblong, compressed. Capsule narrowly clavate, 5 ст, long. Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1958; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 39; Dot. Reg. 1841, t. 57; Fol. Orch. 8; Walp. Ann, vi, 229; Paxt. Fl. Gard. iii, 171, f, 312; КІ. des. Serres t. 1807; Pescatoria i t. 95; Warner's Sel. Orch. i, t. 35; Oreh. Alb. t. 54; Jennings! Orch. t. 7: Ооой, viii, t. 245; Hook. f. Fl. Br. lud. v, 829; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. vii, 133, t. 184.

Not uncommon on the outer ranges of Garhwál and Kumaon between 4,000 and 6,000 feet, usually on damp rocks and especially in the vieinity of waterfalls; flowering in March and April It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and the Khasia Hills.

3. CaroevwE ovanis Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1938, Misc. 91.

Pseudo-bulbs long, cylindric, rather stouter towards the sheathed base, polished, rising at intervals of 5 to 10 cm. from a rather stout imbricately sheathed rhizome. Leaves in pairs, 10 to 12:5 cm. long, elliptie-oblong, acute, tapering at the base into the short petiole, thinly coriaceous. Inflorescence terminal, bearing three flowers which expand singly. Flowers 5 cm. across, pale brown; floral bract З eu. long, ovate-lanceo- late, convolute, coriaceous, caducous. Sepals sub-equal, ovate-lanceolate, acute, spreading: Petals linear, blunt, spreading от reflexed. Lip oblong; lateral lobes narrow; terminal lobe broadly oblong, with stiff black hairs on its upper surface and edges; disk with two crisped lamellae from base to apex. Column curved, broadly winzed along its upper half. Pollinia dimidiately obovate. Lindl. Fol. Orch. 12; Walp. Ann. vi, 232; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 836; Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. v, 28, t. 41; King & Раша. ia Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. vii, 135, t. 187. 0, fimbriata Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1957. б. Лири? Griff. in Notul. ii, 281; le. Pl. As. 291, fig. 1? 6. pilosissina Planch. Hort. Donat. 104. Broughtonia linearis Wall. MSS. |

Dehra Dun, Wallich, Game No. 23142; below Mussoorie, up to 3,500 feet, Mackinnon ; Brit. Garhwal, Duthie’s collector Nos. 25808, 25819, 25820, 25821; 1106:0 in the Gori Vallev, Duthie’s collector Nos, 91099, 24100; flowering in October. Extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim and the Khasia Hills,

Ann. Roy. Bor. Garp., CALC, Vor. IX.

114 EPIDENDREX: 4, CELOGYNE ELATA Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1959.

Pseudo-bulbs oblong-cylindrie, rising at distances of about 5 cm. from a very stout sheathed rhizome, 7°8 to 12:8 em. long and 8'8 to 7 cm. broad, polished and sheathed at the base. Leaves in pairs, the blade 1:75 to 3:5 em. long, narrowly elliptic-oblong, acute, tapering into the long petiole, thinly coriaceous. Peduncie from the apex of the adult pseudo-bulb between the leaves and rather shorter than them, bearing many short imbricate sheaths just under the raceme. Zacemes 10 to 15 cm. long, distichous, laxly many-flowered. — Powers З cm. across, rather fetid; floral bract subrhomboid, acute, conduplicate, slightly longer than the stalked ovary, caducous. Sepals subequal, oblong, sub-acute, spreading. Petals as long as the sepals, but much narrower, sub-acute. Lip elongate, the lower part oblong and with narrow entire side lobes; terminal lobe suborbicular, undulate and irregularly erose; disk with two erose-crenulate lamelle from the base nearly to the apex. Column winged above, the wing erose at the apex. Pollinia dimidiately ovate. Capsule clavate, 3°5 cm. iong. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch, 40; in Wall. Pl. As. Rar. ii, 12, t. 218; Bot. Reg. 1839, Mise. 92; Fol, Orch. 9; Bot. Mag. t. 5001; Walp. Ann. vi, 230; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 838; King & Pantl in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 136, t. 188; Rolfe in Journ. Lin». Зое. xxxvi, 22. Celogyne sp., Griff. Іс. РІ, Ав. t. 290.

Garhwál 4-5,000 feet, Falconer, Mackinnon; Kumaon in the Sarju Valley 3-4,000 feet, Strachey ¥ Winterbottom No. 14, Duthie’s collector Nos. 24131, 24182; flowering during April and May. Eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim, Upper Burma and China.

5. Canoayne Hooxertana Lindl. Fol. Orch. 14.

Pseudo-bulbs coespitose, oval, with a few lax sheaths, smooth, not mottled, 2 to 2°5 em. long. Leaf solitary, from the base of the adult pseudo-bulb, petioled; the blade 5 to 6:5 em. long, narrowly elliptic; petiole 2 to 3 cm, long, enclosed in tubular imbricate sheaths. Peduncle enveloped in the same sheaths which surround the base of the undeveloped leaf and longer than the latter. Flower solitary, 5 cm. across, pale rose- purple or white; floral bract about as long as the stalked ovary, broadly obovate-elliptic, very obtuse, convolute, persistent. Sepals spreading, sub-equal, elliptic-oblong, blunt; the dorsal one narrower than the lateral pair. Petals spreading, as long as the sepals, oblanceolate, obtuse.. Lip white tinged with yellow towards the apex and blotched with reddish-brown, sub-reniform, cordate at the base and entire, somewhat lobulate and minutely erose along the apical portion, apex retuse; disk with five to seven slender ciliate ridges from the base nearly to the apex. Column long, curved, broadly winged in its upper half, its apex truncate and erose. Pollinia obliquely elliptic. Bot, Mag. t. 6388; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind, v, 842; King & Pantl in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. viii, 139, t. 193.

Dwali in Kumaon at 9,000 feet, Collett; flowering in June. Eastwards to Sikkim.

6. CŒLOGYNE PRECOX Lindl, Coll. Bot. 37.

Pseudo-bulbs coespitose, | flask-shaped, turbinate or shortly cylindric, umbonate, surface mottled with brown or purple, snd loosely sheathed by a network of brown fibres.

PHOLIDOTA. 115

Leaves in pairs, 1 {о 2 йш. long, elliptic ог elliptic-oblong or sometimes oblanceolate, sub-acute, many-nerved; petiole 2*5 to 5 em. long. Peduncle from the base of and about as long as the mature pseudo-bulb; its lower half enveloped in tight tubular mottled sheaths, 1- or 2-flowered. Flowers 7:8 to 10 cm, across, rose-coloured or occasionally white ; Лог bract obovoid, very obtuse, as long as or longer than the stalked ovary, convolute. Sepals sub-equal, spreading, oblanceolate. Petals as long as, but narrower than the sepals, spreading. Тір ovate-orbicular, without side lobes, convolute round the column at the base, anterior portion concave, the open wide repand mouth with lobulate laciniate edges, the apex slightly bifid; disk with a white patch traversed by five yellow crested lamellae. Column very long, with a short sac at the base, the apex expanded into a wide undulate irregularly lobulate hood. Poilinia clavate. Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1965; Fol. Orch. 16; Bot. Mag. t. 4496; Paxt. Mag. t. 7; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 810; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. уіп 141 t. 196, ©. Wallichiana Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch, 43; in Wall. Pl, As. Rar. i, 46, t. 54; Bot. Reg. xxiv, Misc. 85 Paxt. Mag. vi, t. 25; Gartenfl. t. 283; Jennings’ Orch. t. 47; Griff. Notul. iii, 402, Pleione precoz Don. Prod. Fl. Nep. 97. Р. Waillichit Lindl. in Paxt. Fl. Gard. sub. t. 51. Р. birmanica Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1882, ii, 840. Epidendrum precoz Smith Exot. Fl. t. 97.

Garhwál and Kumaon at 5 to 8,000 feet (fide Fl. Br. Ind), but I have seen no specimens from the Western Himalaya. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, the Khasia Hills and Burma,

ll. Pholidota Lindl.

Epiphytes with jointed, often branching stems with internodes like pseudo-bulbs, or with tufted pseudo-bulbs. . Leaves usually in pairs (solitary in JP. imbricata), membranous. many-nerved. Аасетез on ebracteate peduncles, terminal or from the base of a pseudo bulb or sometimes from below the leaves, usually drooping and distichous; floral braci large and persistent. Flowers small, subglobose, expanding from above downwards, Sepals concave. Petals narrower than the sepals. Lip usually without side lobes, more оғ less eymbiform and saccate. Column short, the apex shortly hooded or winged, Anther- cells subglobose. Ро ша 4, subglobose or clavate, cohering by pairs to one or two membranes,—Species about 20, Indian, Malayan or Chinese.

EON мн CT iud в lo luus occu DIM. Leaves in pairs:— жоғы Табо cue نے مر‎ v „ sos a s, ?Р, иин Smaller in all parts, floral braet obtuse . . 2. P. articulata

var. Griffithis.

1. РнашротА ІМВЕІСАТА Lindl. in Hook. Fl, Exot. t. 138,

Pseudo-bulbs ccespitose, cylindric, thickened at the base, 5 to 75 em. long, or shorter and more ovoid, usually partly enveloped in large fibrous sheaths. Leaf solitary, 1:5 to 8 dm. long, elliptic-oblanceolate or lanceolate-acute, tapering to the stout petiole, Inflorescence from the base of a pseudo-bulb, drooping, 2 to 2:5 dm. long, lengthening in fruit. Peduncle slender, as long as or longer than the dense many-flowered distichous raceme. Flowers 18 mm. long, pale brown; foral brac? large, convolute, subretund, minutely apiculate, many-nerved, longer than the slender stalked ovary, persistent,

Ann. Roy. Bor. Garp., Carc, Vou. IX.

116 EPIDENDREZ.

Dorsal sepal orbicular; the lateral pair connate at the base, cymbiform, with a winged keel. Petals oblong, sub-acute. Lip 3-lobed; the lateral lobes large and rounded ; terminal lobe divided at the apex into two small oblong lobules separated by a broad sinus. Column broad, its upper half winged. Pollina clavate, attached by pairs to two small membranes. Capsule ellipsoid, about 2 cm. long. Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1991; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 37; in Bot, Reg. tt. 1213 and 1777; Lod. Bot. Cab. t. 1934; Wight Ic. 907; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 262; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 845; King & Pantl in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale, viii, 144, $. 201. Р. pallida Lindl. in Bot. Reg. xxi, sub. t. 1777. Calogyne imbricata and ©, pallida Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi, 238. Ptiloenema bracteatum Don. Prod. 33. Cymbidium imbricatum Roxb. Fl. Ind. ili, 460. Ornithidium imbricatum Wall. MSS,

Dehra Dun and up to 4,000 feet on the Mussoorie range, Mackinnon (Duties No. 24192); Kumaon, in the Gori and Kali Valleys 2-4,000 feet, Duthie No. 5988; Duíhies collector Nos. 24123 and 24124; Ramganga Valley at 3,500 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom No. 16. Flowers from June to August. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Khasia Hills, Chittagong, Burma; also to the Deccan Peninsula and south- wards to Ceylon, the Andaman Islands, Malay Peninsula, Pacific Jslands and Australia.

2. PHOLIDOTA ARTICULATA Lindl. іп Wall. Cat. 1999,

Stem jointed, branching; internodes terete, furrowed, 5 to 10 cm. long, the nodes with a few short scarious sheaths. Leaves 7:6 to 105 сш. long, narrowly oblong, tapering to each end, many-nerved, thickly membranous. Raceme from the top of the pseudo-bulb between the leaves and about equal in length to the latter, drooping, many- and densely-flowered. Flowers 7 mm. long; bracts longer than the flowers, rhomboid-ovate, acute, convolute, caducous. Dorsal sepal suborbicular; lateral ovate, keeled. Petals ovate-orbicular, blunt. Zip about as Jong as Ње sepals, broadly cymbi- form, with five lamellate nerves on its disk; the midiobe transversely oblong, 2-lobed, involute at the base. Column slightly winged towards the apex, the chnandrium irregularly toothed; rostellum large, erect, acuminate. Pollinia subglobose, attached to a cuneiform membrane. Capsule about 2 em. long. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 38; in Journ. Linn. Soc. i, 173; in Bot. Reg. for 1839, Misc, 44; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 844; King & Pant). in» Апп. Hoy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 146, t. 905. Р: khasiana Reichb, f. in Walp, Ann. vi, 238; in Bonplandia iv, 329. Cælogyne articulata Reichb. f, in Walp. Ann. vi, 238. C. khasiana Reichb. f. 1. c. 938.

Below Mussoorie up to 4,500 feet, Edgeworth, Vicary; Lansdowne in Brit. Garhwál, Capt. Roberts; below Naini Tal іп Kumaon at 3,000 feet, Strachey $ Winterbottom No. 17. Flowers in July and August. It extends eastwards to Sikkim, Bhutan, the Khasia Hills and Burma.

The inodorous flowers are white tinged with brownish-pink, and the floral bracts are pale brown,

Var. GRIFFITHII King & Pantl in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard, Cale. vii, 147, t. 904, Like the type in most respects, but smaller in all its parts, the internodes less furrowed and with narrower leaves; flowers much smaller; floral bract and dorsal sepal suborbicular, blunt; petals elliptic-lanceolate. Pholidota Grigithii Hook. f. Ic. РІ, 1881; Fl. Br. Ind. v, 845; Wall. Cat. Хо. 1992 (in part).

Dehra Dun, оп sål trees, Gamble No. 27039, Mackinnon; Mussoorie range up to 4,000 feet, Duthie No. 21780. It extends eastwards to Sikkim and the Khasia Hills.

VANDEZ,

TRIBE LIL-—VANDE Z.

117

Pollinia 2, 4, or rarely 8, attached singly ог in pairs orin fours by a caudicle (rarely by two caudicles) to a viscid gland derived from the stigma (in a few

doubtfully from the stigma).

Terrestrial, leaves (when present) plicate :— Pollinia 8 Pollinia 2:— Lip saceate or spurred at the Базе. Lip broadly ventricose at the base; 0+800 decurved when in flower . Pollinia 4:-— Pseudo-bulbous; leaves 1 to 3, long, narrow, ہے‎ anther l-celled . A leafless parasite With а оша бо бійні; anther 4-008

Epiphytal, rarely terrestrial or аге, mM with long

linear sheathing leaves on a large fleshy pseudo-bulb; scapes racemose, flowers elongate, column without a foot or with a very short one; lip never spurred; leaves coriaceous . jer, سو کے ہو‎ ero E ера, Epiphytal, with very short stems; leaves few, closely clustered, flat, coriaceous, pendulous, often solitary; racemes pendulous, longer than the leaves; sepals and petals united

to the foot of the column; 20 е with forked

appendages onits disk . Epiphytal, with a short stem diit а ہے‎ todd Бабай coriaceous leaves; flowers in long sometimes branching racemes, column with a very short foot; lip with a large claw, a bent spur and a 2-lobulate жет lobe, the lateral lobes fimbriate . . CONT. geo Epiphytal, with fleshy ا ڑا‎ (except Sarcochilus usneoides and Saccolabium calceolare) ; pseudo-bulls none; leaves coriaceous and flat or terete and fleshy; inflorescence racemose or panicled, lip spurred or nct:— Lip not spurred :— Leaves terete; flowers few, in very short racemes or solitary; stems elongate Leaves (when зінен flat ; нав 0; oe in a long racemes Lip spurred (gibbous in Vanda "— ES Column with a long foot produced into в long spur which has no callus or septum inside

— بد

к Co

кеі сл

ка c

سم e‏

21.

к“

Column without a foot or with only а short one:—

Spur without callus or septum inside :— Spur deep, much compressed laterally, pubescent at the mouth; lip without side

kob تر‎ 47 VET

23,

Calanthe, Eulophia.

Geodorum.

Oreorchis.

Corallorhiza.

Cymbidium.

Doritis.

Ornithochilus.

Luisia,

Sarcochilus,

rides,

Rhynchostylis,

118 . VANDER.

Base of lip usually with a widely funnel- shaped spur (gibbous in Vanda alpina), glabrous at the mouth, not compressed, side lobes large; apical lobe fleshy, with many glabrous caruncled ridges, flowers large, caudicle of pollinia broad . . . 24. Vanda. Base of lip with a long narrow cylindric or short wide saccate spur, not comprestod side lobes not present (in the Himalayan species) or small; apical isis either small and smooth or large and carunculate or fimbriate, flowers small, caudicle of pollinia narrow . . 20. Saccolabium. Interior of spur occluded by a dorsal си от by calli on the front and back walls, but with по septum. . . 26, Interior of spur wah өкін Phu a Vertit septum dividing it into two vertical chambers 27. Sarcanthus.

Cleisostoma.

12. Calanthe Lindl.

Terrestrial, usually pseudo-bulbous, Pseudo-stems variable in length, often tall, some- times absent. Leaves membranous, plaited. Inflorescence usually from the leaf-axils, or from the side of the stem or pseudo-bulb. lowers in erect racemes, usually conspicuous. Sepals sub-equal, usually spreading, rarely connivent. Petals usually narrower than the sepals. Lip variously attached to the column either to its base or to its whole length, usually 3-lobed, the apical lobe often bifid, the disk usually lamellate. Column short, sometimes dilated at the base or apex. Anther usually conical, with an acuminate lip, 2-celled. Рота 8, waxy, often unequal, cohering in fours to a granular caudicle or all of them inserted on a single caudicle and attached to a gland. Capsules ellipsoid, drooping.—Species about 80, tropical or subtropical.

Flowers without a spur:— Sepals and petals green; lip orange-red, its құ lobe

with 3 prominent ridges . 1. C. tricarinata. Flowers lavender-coloured ; epist үйе of dp without DIE gd tu ç eget سی‎ NC U БИА.

Flowers with a very short ља conical spur :— Lip attached to whole length of column ; flowers small,

sepals and petals chocolate-brown . 2. С. Mannii. Lip attached to column for half its length; owah rge dull purples و‎ 5702 $5» С. brevicornu.

Spur as long or nearly as Mob А as the ovary :— Lateral lobes of lip incumbent on the terminal lobe; flowers white, the lip with a violet blotch at the base, spur shorter than the ovary . . 5. C. alismefolia.

Lateral lobes of lip spreading, not incumbent on the apical one; spur slender as long as the ovary :— Flowers small, crowded, greenish-yellow . . . 6. C. pachystate. Flowers larger, distant, violet-coloured . . . . 7. C. plantaginea.

CALANTHE. 119 1. CALANTHE TRICARINATA Lindl, in Wall. Cat. 7339.

Pseudo-bulb 2 to 95 cm., broadly ovoid, marked with distinct concentric rings. Leaves two to four, 2 to 3:8 dm. long and 5 to 75 cm. іп breadth, oblanceolate, acute, usually stalked. njlorescence from the developing pseudo-bulb, sheathed by the young leaves, and rising from the axil of one of them, longer than the adult leaves; raceme laxly flowered, shorter than the peduncle; rachis and stalked ovaries puberulous. Flowers 2 to 2°5 em. across; bracts about half as long ав the ovary with pedicel. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate, 5—7-nerved, green, spreading. Petals clawed, lanceolate, acuminate, a little smaller than the sepals. Zip adnate to the whole length of the column, 3-lobed, broadly oblong, decurved, saccate at the base, the mouth of the sac clothed with long white deflexed hairs; basal lobes suborbicular or obliquely spathulate, white tinged with orange-red towards their apices; terminal lobe 10 mm. long, orange- red, margins deflexed, much undulate and erose; the disk with a fleshy eallus divided into three prominent crenulate ridges. Column short, thick, anterior surface hispid, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 18; Fol. Orch. 2; Walp. Ann. vi, 912; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 847; King & Pantl. in Ann, Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 166 (excl. t. 223); Collett Fl. Siml 494; Rolfe in Journ. Linn, бос, xxxvi, 26. б, occidentalis Lindl, Fol. Orch. 3; Walp. Ann. l. с. 848.

Abundant in the temperate parts of the Western Himalaya from Hazára to Kumaon, at elevations between 5,000 and 9,000 feet, especially in forests. Flowers April to June. It extends eastwards to Nepal, and is also found in China.

Рглте 103. Calanthe tricarinata Lind/.—Inflorescence and one leaf,—of natural size Fig. 1, lower portion of plant (reduced); 2, single flower; 3, ditto with sepals and petals removed; 4, lip; 5, column; 6, anther; 7, pollinia ;—all enlarged.

9 CALANTHE PUBERULA Lindl. іп Wall. Cat. 7342.

Pseudo-bulb small, conical from a broadly ovoid base, about 2:5 cm. long. Leaves Ave to seven, very unequal in size, the lower often reduced to sheaths; upper ones elliptic or elliptic-oblong, acuminate, slightly narrowed to the broad loosely sheathing base, 10 to 15 em. long. Inflorescence much longer than the leaves, the peduncle with many scattered lanceolate acuminate bracts; raceme 7:0 to 15 cm. long, laxly flowered, the rachis puberulous. Flowers 2°75 сш. across, lavender-coloured, puberulous externally ; bract lanceolate, acuminate, not longer than the stalked ovary. Sepals spreading, ovate-lanceolate. Petals spreading, narrowly falcate, acute. Lip adnate to the base of the column, 3-lobed, shortly clawed; basal lobes flat, falcately oblong, blunt, with two narrow calli on the disk between them, their apices pointing forward; terminal lobe without calli, connected with the basal by a straight narrow isthmus, ovate-orbicular, apiculate, its edges coarsely erose. Column short, thick. Anther pointed; pollinia 8, clavate, attached in fours to two caudicles and these to a triangular gland. Capsule narrowly elliptic, 3 сш. long. Lindi. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 352; Fol. Orch. 2; Walp. Ann. vi, 912; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 848; King & Pantl in Ann. Roy. Bot, Gard. Calc. vii, 166, t. 224; Collett Fl. Siml. 494; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. бос, xxxvi, 26. Bietia sp., Griff. 1с. Pl. As. t. 313A. |

Simla Hills; below Ndgkanda, 7. Thomson; Chachpur Valley 5-6,000 feet, Duthie Хо. 21076; Jaunsár, Osmaston; Garhwál, Falconer; Kulni Valley, Duthie; Bok Hil,

120 VANDER.

Duthies collector No. 24150; mostly in damp shady forests at elevations between 4,000 and 6,000 feet. Flowers during July and August. I have seen no specimens from Kumaon or Nepal, but it is found in Sikkim, Bhutan, on the Khasia and Naga Hills, in Assam and eastwards to China.

3. CALANTHE Manntt Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind, v, 350.

Pseudo-bulb small; pseudo-stem about 75 ст. long. Leaves two or three, oblanceolate- oblong, acute, tapering gradually into the long petiole, the lowermost. one sheathed at the base; length of adult blade up to 2:55 dm., its breadth 3:5 to 5 em. Pedunele from the axil of a young leaf, pubescent, about 2:3 dm. long; raceme half as long as the peduncle, few-flowered, lax. Flowers only about 13 mm. long, deflexed after expansion; floral bract minute, lanceolate, shorter than the pedicel of the stalked ovary. Sepals and petals chocolate-brown. Sepals sub-equal, connivent, ovate-lanceolate, sub-acute, concave, pubescent externally. Petals linear-spathulate, not spreading, glabrous, Lip yellow with a blotch of red at the apex of the terminal lobe, a little shorter than the sepals, adhering to the column almost to its apex and forming with it a long sac, 3-lobed; basal lobes erect, large, broad, truncate; terminal lobe sub-reniform, entire ; upper surface with three or four continuous tubercled ridges extending from the base to the middle of the terminal lobe; spur very short. Column short, dilated towards the apex. Anther pointed; pollinia clavate, attached in fours to two caudicles and these to a triangular gland. King & Раш. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 167, %. 225.

In the neighbourhood of Tehri in Garhwál at 6,000 feet, Mackinnon’s collector ; below Ranikhet in Калат, 5-6,000 feet, Duthie No. 5996. Flowers in Мау. It is found also in Sikkim and on the Khasia Hills between 4,000 and 7,000 feet.

The pollinia, described above, were obtained from young flowers. This species may, as Sir George King suggests, be self-fertile.

4, CALANTHE BREVICORNU Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7338.

|

Pseudo bulbs small, ovoid, pointed, about 2°5 сш. long. Pseudo-stem 5 to 10 cm. stout, with wide sheaths. Leaves usually three, sub-equal, oblong-elliptic, shortly acuminate, slightly tapering to the wide sheathing base, stalked when adult; length of blade 2-5 to 3 dm., breadth 6:5 to 9 cm. Inflorescence longer than the leaves, the pedunele with a few short scattered bracts; raceme 3 dm, long, laxly flowered; rachis, ovaries and outside of sepals puberulous. Flowers 555 to 4 em. across; floral bract narrowly lanceolate, half as long as the stalked ovary. Sepals sub-equal, oblong lanceolate, acute, spreading. Petals shorter than the sepals, lanceolate. Lip 3-lobed, attached to the lower half of the column; basal lobes oblong, blunt, diverging; terminal lobe sub-obovate with a broad emarginate apiculate apex and irregularly toothed edges, contracted at its junction with the basal lobes; upper surface with three tubercled fleshy lamellæ running from the base and increasing in height to near the apex ; spur short, broad, blunt, straight, its mouth lined with retroflexed hairs. Column short. Anther beaked; pollinia clavate, attached to a common pedicel and gland. Lindl, Gen. and Sp, Orch. 251; Sert. Orch. t. 9; Fol. Oreh. 3; Walp. Ann. vip 9194

CALANTHE. | 121

Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 848; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale, viii, 168, t, 227.

Garhwál at 5,000 to 6,000 feet, Duthie No. 1265 (1879); Mackinnon’s collector [Duthies No. 24150 (a)]; Bok Hill, Duthie’s collector No. 24150; Kumaon, 7. Anderson. Flowers during May and June. Extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and the Naga Hills,

The colour of the flowers is dull purple or brick red, relieved by lines of white on the midribs

of the sepals and petals and on the edges of the lip, the lamelle of the lip are streaked with yellow. The outer surfaces of the parts of the perianth are all strongly flushed with white.

5. CALANTHE ALISMAEFOLIA Lindl. Fol. Orch. 8.

Pseudo-bulbs thin, cylindric, tapering to the apex, marked with several concentric rings, somewhat curved, 25 to 5 cm. long. Leaves 1'2 to 1'8 dm. long. broadly elliptic, acuminate, rather abruptly narrowed into the long channelled petiole, edges Scape about as long as the leaves, clothed with a few distant sheathing bracts. Inflorescence corymbose in flower and becoming racemose as the fruit ripens, puberulous. Flowers 2 cm. long, floral bract large, ovate, acuminate, shorter than the shortly stalked ovary. Sepals sub-equal, suborbicular erecto-patent, clothed outside with short coarse purple hairs. Petals about as large as the sepals, subrhomboidal, subacute. Jip obovate, adnate by its base to the whole length of the column, 3-lobed; basal lobes narrowly oblong-oblanceolate, obtuse, somewhat falcate, resting оп the terminal lobe and pointing forwards; terminal lobe broad and with a large yellow callus at its base; its apex bilobulate, the lobules broad, rounded, and with crenulate edges, the sinus deep and apiculate at its base; spur nearly as loug as the ovary and lying parallel to it, cylindric. Column very short, with the callosities of the lip closely applied to it. Anther acuminate; pollinia clavate, attached directly to an ovate acute gland. Stigma divided into two halves by the entrance to the spur. Capsule with pedicel 4 cm. long, clavate, prominently ridged. Walp, Ann. vi, 918; Hook. f. КІ, Br. Ind. v, 849; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard, Cale. viii, 170, t. 230.

Below Mussoorie in hot valleys, Falconer Nos. 1055, 1056 (Kew Distrib.) Duthie Хо. 24148. Flowers during July and August. Found eastwards in the Sikkim Terai and on the Khasia Hills.

The colour of the perianth is white, except for a tinge of green on the tips of the sepals outside and & patch of pale violet at the base of the lip.

undulate.

6. CALANTHE PACHYSTALIX Reichb. f. in Hook. f. Fl, Br. Ind. v, 850,

Stem short, swollen at the base, giving off many stout fibrous roots. Leaves many, 3—6 dm. long, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, tapering gradually into the sheath, plicate, nerves prominent. Znforescence from Ње ах! of a sheath, usually overtopping the leaves, the flowering portion 2—3 dm. long, rachis and pedicels puberulous ; bracts lanceolate, deflexed, about 8 mm, long, the upper ones smaller, Flowers in rather dense racemes, 2 cm. across, greenish yellow, subsecund, deflexed after expansion, Calyx lobes reflexed; dorsal 5-nerved, broader than the lateral ones and the petals. Petals spathulate, obtuse, 3-nerved, 9 mm. long. Zip adnate to the whole length of

Ann. Roy. Вот. Garb., Carc, Vor. IX.

192 VANDES.

the column, 38-lobed; basal lobes faleately ovate, obtuse; midlobe rather shorter, deeply bifid, with three rows of prominent warts on its disk: spur cylindric, a little longer than the pedicelled ovary, puberulous and with a few white hairs at its entrance. Column broad. Pollinia 8, cohering in fours to a granular viscus, Stigma divided into two segments at the entrance to the spur. Ovary minutely pubescent.

Western Himalaya, Falconer (Kew Distrib. No. 1054); near Mussoorie in shady | forest at about 6,000 feet, Mackinnon (Duthie’s Nos. 21742 and 22714).

Falconer’s specimen in the Kew Herbarium is very imperfect and in bud only.

Ртатв 104. Calanthe pachystalix 8070704. f.—A plant,—of natural size, Fig. 1, а single flower seen from above; 2, ditto with the sepals and petals removed; 8, the lip; 4, column; 5 and 6, back and front views of anther; 7, pollinia ;—all enlarged.

7. CALANTHE PLANTAGINEA Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7346.

Siem 75 to 25 cm., enclosed within long tubular sheaths. Leaves 2—3 dm. long and 4 to 9 сш. broad, usually enlarging as the fruit ripens, oblanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, tapering below into the long petioles. Peduncle from the axil of one of the developing leaves and overtopping them, stout, many-flowered ; pedicel with ovary about 2°5 cm., very slender; bracts small, lanceolate. lowers drooping, about 3 cm. across, lilac or white, sweet-scented. Sepals oblanceolate, acuminate, 3—5- nerved, glabrous. Petals similar to-the sepals but smaller, 3-nerved. Zip about as long as the sepals, purple, the disk with 3 slender lamellæ ; side lobes rhomboid-obovate, subfaleate ; midlobe cuneately reniform, apiculate. Spur very slender, as long as or longer than the ovary. Rostellum of two projecting plates. Lindl, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 250; Sert. Orch, t. 24; Fol. Orch. 9; Walp, Ann. vi, 920; Royle Ill. Him. Bot. 366 ; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 853; Collett Fl. Siml. 494.

Punjab Himalaya in Chamba at 7,000 feet, Lace No. 1898; Garhwál at 9,000 feet, Royle Herb. ; Mussoorie range, Falconer; in shady forest below Mussoorie from 4,000 to 6,000 feet, Mackinnon (Duthie’s Nos. 21741, 22716); Tonse Valley at 6,500 feet, Duthie 24149; Kumaon at 9,000 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom No. 17. Flowers in March and April. It extends eastwards to Nepal and Bhutan,

-

Puare 105. Calanthe plantaginea Lindl—A plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, a single flower; 2, lip; 3, column with lower part of lip and upper portions of ovary and spur attached; 4, pollinia ;—a// enlarged.

13. Eulophia R. Brown.

Terrestrial glabrous herbs with fleshy tubers or rhizomes, rarely pseudo-bulbous. Leaves appearing -with or after the flowers, usually plaited. Scape generally lateral. Flowers in racemes, rarely panicled, Sepals and petals free, spreading, often sub-equal. Lip adnate to the base of the column or to its foot, saceate or shortly spurred at the base, usually 3-lobed, the lateral lobes erect and embracing the column, disk usually ridged or crested. Column with or without a foot, its apex entire and often oblique, the margins sometimes winged or lobed. Anther terminal, often with two apical processes, and its lip often toothed, 2-celled. Pollinia 2, globose, attached by

EULOPHIA. 123

a caudicle to the flat gland of the rostellum.—Species about 100, tropical or sub- tropical, chiefly Asiatic.

Column not or only slightly produced into a foot :— Leaves and flowers ooetaneous or nearly so:— Lip with a short geniculate spur, bracts as long as or longer than the ovary :—

Sepals spreading, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, green 1. Е. herbacea. Sepals erect, ovate-oblong, obtuse, yellowish . 2. Е. Mackinnoni. Lip saccate at the base, bracts shorter than the ovary CATES ГУР ГИ U ОР... Flowers appearing before the leaves :— Flowers in condensed racemes, terminal lobe of lip з м LOU ЧИНОР У Же سے‎ E. Ногтизуи, Flowers smaller, in lax racemes. . ¿ . . . . . . & Е. campestris.

Column produced into а distinct foot :— Lateral sepals inserted on the spur, basal lobes of lip سا ےہ‎ че Su >», کو ا مہ‎ № EM. URS Lateral sepals inserted on the foot of the column, lip with distinct basal lobes :— Flowers not exceeding 95 сш. in diam., greenish- yellow tinged with purple . . . . . . .. Flowers large, bright yellow :— Terminal lobe of lip half as long as the basal lobes, 3-lamellate; spur sacoate, blunt . . . . 8. Е. Даш. Terminal lobe of lip twice as long as the rounded basal obes, many-lamellate; spur short, curved, "dg . 1. И c v i

5

bicarinata,

ы

obtusa,

1. EULOPHIA HERBACEA Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 182.

Pseudo-bulbs 4 cm. long, broadly ovate. Pseudo-stem 1 to 1:5 dm. long. Leaves 15 to 2 dm. long, linear-lanceolate, variable in breadth, many-nerved, plicate. Scape 6—9 dm., with a few sheathing bracts towards the base. Flowers appearing with the leaves, 5'5 cm. across, fragrant; floral bract long, often exceeding the ovary, lanceolate, acuminate, scarious. Sepals linear-lanceolate, acuminate, spreading, green with pale margins, the lateral ones adnate to the base of the column. Petals shorter than the sepals, pure white, elliptie or lanceolate, obtuse or acute. Lip obovate-oblong, white with a tinge of green towards the base; nerves many, the median ending in five fimbriate lamellz within the terminal lobe; side lobes small, rounded; midlobe oblong and rounded at the apex when flattened out. Spur very short, somewhat geniculate, rounded. Column stout, curved, slightly winged. Auther retuse at the apex, and with a small linear projection on each side of its lip; pollinia 2, transversely oblong, attached by а short broad caudicle to a triangular gland. Lindl. in Journ. Linn, Soc. iii, 24; Royle Ш. Him. Bot. 366; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 265; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi 2. Е. brachypetala Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. іш, 24. Е. bicolor Lindl. in Journ. Linn. бос. iii, 24 (not of Dalz.) Zimodorum bicolor Roxb. Fl. Ind, iii, 469.

Dehra Dun, Mackinnon ; Siwalik range, Visary ; Giri Valley west of the J umna, Royle; Mussoorie range up to 5,000 feet, Mackinnon; Garhwál 4-7,000 feet, Ноуе,

Ann. Roy. Bor. Garn., Carc, Vor. IX.

194 VANDER.

Falconer, Edgeworth, &c.; Lansdowne in Brit. Garhwál, 5-6,000 feet, Capt. Roberts; Kumaon below Naini Tal, Colonel Davidson. Flowers during June and July. It extends eastwards to Bengal, and southwards to Kanara, the Konkan and Mysore.

. The specimens from Western and S. India have usually much smaller flowers, the petals often have purple veins, and the spur is longer. This is no doubt Lindley's .E. bicolor.

Prate 106. Eulophia herbacea Lindli.—An entire plant;— reduced to half size. Portion of a flowering stem,—of natural size. Fig. 1, single flower; 2, ditto with sepals and petals removed; 3, lip spread out; 4, column front view; 5, side view of ditto; 6, front view of anther; 7, side view of ditto; 8 and 9, pollinia ;—a//] enlarged.

2. EULOPHIA MackiNNoNI Duthie in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxxi, pt. ii, 40.

Rhizome composed of a series of flattened triangular-shaped tubers. Pseudo-stem about 2 dm. long, proceeding from the summit of the bulb-like current year’s tuber (pseudo- bulb). eaves usually two, appearing with the flowers, 7 to 8 dm. long and 5 to 8 cm. broad, broadly lanceolate, acuminate, tapering into long sheaths and with a few leaf- less sheaths below, prominently nerved and plicate. Scape shorter than the leaves, arising from the side of the pseudo-bulb, bearing three or four loosely sheathing bracts. Flowers rather large, spreading or deflexed; floral bract equalling or exceeding the ovary, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, persistent. Sepals and petals erect, fleshy, yellow tinged with reddish-brown, the veins prominent outside. Dorsal sepal 1%7 ст, long, ovate, obtuse, subcordate at the base, 9-veined, the margin at the apex inflexed; lateral a little longer than the dorsal, unequal at the base. Petals shorter than the sepals, oblong-obovate, obtuse, their margins overlapping and reflexed at the apex. Lip 8-оһей, with long erect rather shallow side lobes, its body with 5—7 parallel purple-coloured ridges which extend into a carunculate area within the terminal lobe; terminal lobe broad, rounded and with undulate edges. Spur short, geniculate. Column short, broadly winged, its foot very slightly produced. Anther bicornute at the apex, its lip 2-toothed; pollinia transversely oval, attached by a broad caudicle to a shallow crescent-shaped gland. Æ. bicolor Fale. MSS. (not of Lindl. nor of Dalz.).

N.-W. India, Royle (named E. bicolor Falc. MSS.); Siwalik range, Vicary; Dehra Dun, Mackinnon, Duthie’s collector Nos. 21748, 22723, 24161; Pátli Dun in Garhwál, Duthie’s collector No. 25789; Bahraich district in N. Oudh, Duthie’s collector No. 99799. It has also been found by Mr. J. Marten of the Forest Survey Dept. in the Raipur district of the Central Provinces. It flowers during July and August.

This plant appears to be most nearly related to Z. geniculata King & Pantl., an extremely rare Sikkim species. It differs, however, in the shape of the rhizome, the very much broader leaves, and in the shape and colour of the lip. It also resembles E. bracteosa Lindl., but the bracts are not so long, the leaves are much broader, and the lip is distinctly 3-lobed.

Рглте 107. Eulophia Mackinnom Duthie.—An entire plant,—-one-fijth of natural size, A leaf and portion of flowering scape,—of natural size. Fig. 1, single flower seen from below; 2, side view of ditto, with sepals and petals removed; 3, column and spur; 4. lip; flattened out; 5, lip and anther іп situ seen from above; 6, front view of anther; 7, back view of ditto; 8, pollinia ;— all enlarged.

EULOPHIA. 125 3. EuLoPHiA EXPLANATA Lindl, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 180.

Height of plant 2 to 25 dm. Pseudo-bulb ovoid, about 5 em. long, annulated. Pseudo-stem 4 to 5 cm. long. Leaves young at the time of flowering, lanceolate, acuminate, plicate, attaining 3 dm. in length and 1 dm. in breadth when fully grown, broadly elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, tapering into a short petiole, 7-veined. Scape 2 to 2°5 dm., arising from below the summit of the pseudo-bulb and bearing two loose sheaths at its base, Raceme laxly many-flowered; flowering bract shorter than the slender ovary, lanceolate, acuminate. Flowers about 2°5 em. across, Sepals and petals about equal in length, spreading, yellow with purple lines and blotches, 5-nerved, the nerves with transverse connecting veinlets. Sepals spathulate-lanceolate, acute, Petals broader, oblong and rounded at the apex. Lip a little shorter than the sepals and petals, 3-lobed, subpanduriform when flattened out, adnate by its base to the lateral sepals; basal lobes rounded, erect and forming a conical sac at their base; terminal lobe oblong, with a rounded emarginate apex, the edges deflexed; disk with two very prominent crenate lamelle and with a shorter interposed one, all three abruptly terminating within the margin of the apical lobe. Column short, its foot very slightly produced. Anther emarginate at the apex; pollinia 2, subglobose, attached to a short broad caudicle, and this to a conical gland. Hook. Ie. РІ, 1882; Hook. f, Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 8. Dipodium scariosum Herb, Ham.

N-W. India, Falconer; Dehra Dun and up to 3,000 feet on the Mussoorie range, Mackinnon (Duthie’s No. 22710); Sub-Himalayan tracts of Pilibhit and N. Oudh, Duthies collector Nos. 22791, 22801, 23859, 23860; Nepal Terai, Duthie’s collector No. 23858; Garhwál, Duthie’s collector Nos. 95791, 25792. Flowers during May. Also in Nepal at Maghada in the Morung, Buchanan- Hamilton.

Sir Joseph Hooker regards this plant as an anomalous species with the habit of an Australian Dipodium. The upper surface of the lip is white tinged with yellow and beautifully marked with reddish-purple veins.

Рілте 108. Eulophia explanata Zind/—An entire plant and a full-grown leaf,— of natural size, Fig. 1, а single flower; 2, ditto, with the sepals and petals removed; 3, lip, flattened out; 4, column; 5, anther; 6 and 7, pollinia;—all enlarged.

24. Eurorma Новмози Duthie.

Pseudo-stem about 1 dm, long, bearing two tightly-ftting sulcate subacute sheaths, Leaves two, developing late, 3 to 3:6 dm. long. and 1:5 to 3 cm. in breadth, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, plicate, Scape stout, 9 to 3:3 dm. long, rising from the summit of a depressed tuber, clothed at intervals with loose membranous lanceolate acuminate sheathing bracts, many and rather densely flowered. Flowers about 2'5 em, across, spreading and at length deflexed; foral bract variable in length, Innceolate, acuminate, membranous, brownish. Sepals and petals attached to the column, егесіо- patent, 12 mm. long, narrowly oblong or oblanceolate, bluntly mucronate, pale green with purple veins. Jip with spur a little longer than the sepals and petals; basal portion and side lobes deep purple; side lobes erect, rounded, entire; terminal lobe orbicular, obscurely bifid, yellow, with an undulate erose margin; basal portion of

126 VANDES.

disk with three parallel lamelle ending in a coarsely fimbriate patch on the terminal lobe; spur slender, curved, cylindric, obtuse, about half as long as the column, Column without a foot, curved, constricted in the middle, grooved in front. Рой ша oval, attached by a short stout conical caudicle to a small flat gland.

Dehra Dun, Mackinnon (Duthi?s Nos. 22708(a), 22724); Kheri district of N. Oudh, Duthie’s collector No. 22797; Mussoorie range up to 6,000 feet, Mackinnon (Duties No. 22708); common in the pine forests of Jaunsar and T'ehri-Garhwál up to 6,000 feet; Bashahr at 7,000 feet, Lace No. 880; banks of the Siran river near Abbottabad in Hazdra at about 3,000 feet, Colonel Barrett; (ujar Valley in the Chitral district, found by Sir W. Gatacre in 1895. It flowers during March and April.

This species is closely allied to Е. campestris. It differs chiefly by its shorter scapes, larger flowers and the shorter and more dense racemes; the shape of the lip and the general colouring of the flower are also very different. E. campestris is essentially a species of the plains of India, whereas E. Hormusjit extends up to the temperate region of the Himalaya, where the climatic conditions are more favourable for leaf development. JI have named this species after Mr. H. Hormusji Deboo, who has worked for many years as artist in the Botanical Department of Northern India, and by whom all the drawings for this volume have been prepared.

Prate 109. Eulophia Hormusjii Duthie.—A flowering plant,—of natural size; a plant with leaves, reduced to $ size. Fig. 1, single flower; 2, ditto, with sepals and petals removed ; 3, lip spread out; 4, column and upper portion of ovary; 5, summit of column with anther; 6, side view of anther; 7, pollinia;—all enlarged.

5. EULOPHIA CAMPESTRIS Wall. Cat. 7367.

Tuber irregularly oblong, often lobed. Leaves two, developing if at all long after the flowers, linear, acuminate, plicate, 25 to 4 dm. long, rising from the apex of a slender sheathed pseudo-stem. Scape 2:5 to 3 dm., stout or slender, sheathed at intervals by loose membranous acute bracts; raceme laxly many-flowered. lowers subsecund, drooping, pink, about 2*5 em. across; bract membranous, linear or lanceolate, acuminate, usually longer than the slenderly-stalked ovary. Sepals slightly attached to the base of the lip, linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, 5—7-nerved, yellow or green striped with pink. Petals narrower, spreading, oblanceolate, 3—5-nerved. Zip as long as the sepals, cuneate-obovate or oblong; side lobes short, rounded or subacute, incurved. round the column, the margins of a deep rose colour; midlobe orbicular quadrate or oblong, crenulate, usually purple; basal portion of disk with three median lamellate nerves ending in a fimbriate or tubercled patch on the terminal lobe; spur short, conical subclavate or subacute. Column as long as the lip, slender, without a foot. Ройіта broad; caudicle stout; gland elongate. Capsule about 2 cm. long, ellipsoid. Lindl Gen. and Sp. Orch. 185; іп Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, 24 (excl. syn. Wight); Royle IH. 366; Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi, 647; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 4; King & Pantl. in Ann, Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. viii 178, t. 941. Е. rupestris and ramentacea Lindl. in Wall Cat, 7368, 7370; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 185; in Journ, Linn. Soc. iii, 25. E. hemileuca Lindl, in Journ. Linn. бос. ui, 25. Е, vera Royle Ш. 370. Limodorum ramentaceum Roxb. Hort. Beng. 63; Fl. Ind. ii, 407. ZL. dubium Ham. MSS. Bletia Dabia Don Prod. Fl. Nep. 30.

EULOPHIA. 127

Abundant in many places along the base of the Western Himalaya, Flowers from March till May. It extends throughout the plains of Upper India, southwards to the Deccan and eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim, Bengal and Upper Burma. 16 occurs also in Afghanistan and Baluchistan.

The wide distribution of this species in India, extending, as it does, from the arid districts of the N.-W. Frontier to the moist regions of Bengal, Sikkim and Upper Burma, accounts for the great variety of forms met with throughout its area. As а rule the specimen from N.-W. India _ are altogether more robust than those met with farther east. Plate 24 of the Sikkim Orchids represents the more slender condition of the species, and the plant is figured as producing leaves, which rarely develop in the drier parts of India. Тһе tubers of this plant are largely collected

in N.-W. India, and are believed to form the bulk of the commercial product known as Salep-misri,

6, EULOPHIA NUDA Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7371;

Tubers large, spherical, smooth. Leaves from the side of a tuber, forming by their sheaths a short pseudo-stem, elliptic-lanceolate, acute, 95 to 95 dm. long, the breadth variable, many-nerved, sheath long and tubular. Scape 6 to 9 dm. long, fro mthe base of the pseudo-stem, with a few wide sheaths at the base and several distant ones above. Raceme long, laxly flowered. Flowers about 3 cm. long, usually pale green variegated with brown and pink; floral бғасі lanceolate, half the length of the stalked ovary. Sepals erect, oblong, acute, the lateral pair falcate. Petals shorter than the sepals, ovate- oblong, blunt, the outer nerves branching. Jip as long as the sepals, deflexed from below the middle, oblong; basal lobes obscure, terminal lobe oblong, obtuse, undulate, the upper surface with many vertical thickened lines disappearing towards the apex; spur short, flattened, its mouth ribbed, Column short, produced at the base into a long foot dilated at the margins. Ал и” small, its apex with two small conical processes and a third depressed one in front; pollinia 2, transversely oblong, attached by a very broad caudicle to a narrow gland. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 180; Hook. f, Е], Br. Ind. vi, 5; in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. v, 32, tt. 47 to 50; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot, Gard. Cale. viii, 180, t. 243; Rolfe in Journ. Linn, Soc. xxxi, 29. E. bicolor Dalz. in Hook, Kew Journ. Bot. iii (1851), 313; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 264; Walp. Ann. vi. 647. Cyrtopera fusca Wight Ie, 1690; Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc, iii, 31; Thwaites Enum, 429; Walp. Ann. l. с. 668. Cyrtopera plicata Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7362; Gen, and Sp. Orch, 190, С. nuda Reiehb, f, in Flora (1872) 274. С, Gardneri Thwaites Enum. 302. C. mysorensis Lindl. in Journ. Linn, Soe. iii, 32. C. laziftra Gard, MSS. ex Thwaites Enum. 302, Dipodium Roniata and D. plicatum Herb. Ham.

Northern Oudh, in the districts of Kheri and Gonda, Duthie’s collector Nos, 22793, 24143, 24144, Flowers April to June, It extends southwards to Bombay, Central and S. India and Ceylon, and eastwards to Sikkim, Assam, Burma and China; it is found also in Moulmein. |

7. EULOPHIA BICARINATA Hook. f. Fl. Br, Ind. vi, 6.

Tuber oblong, irregularly lobed, compressed, about 5 cm. long. Leaves absent at the. flowering time, linear, acuminate, long-petioled, length of blade 1:8 to 3 dm. long.

198 VANDES,

Scape erect, “5 to 5 dm. high with two tubular closely-fitting sheaths at the base and two shorter loose ones higher up. Raceme 7:5 to 12:6 cm. long, rather densely flowered. Flowers 25 cm. in diam., pale yellowish-green, the lip tinged with pale purple; floral бғасі membranous, lanceolate, shorter than the stalked ovary. Sepals oblong, acute, keeled, their edges reflexed; lateral pair wider than the dorsal and free from it at their bases. Petals elliptic, subacute, shorter but wider than the sepals. Jip adnate to the foot of the column, longer than the sepals, slightly saccate at the base, 3-lobed ; lateral lobes shallow, with blunt apices; terminal lobe transversely oblong, emargiuate, the edges slightly crisped; the disk between the side lobes with two short smooth thickened lines half as long as the latter and ending in a free triangular tooth in front of which rise five carunculate unequal ridges extending to the base of the terminal lobe. Column with a foot half as long as itself and at right angles, edges lobed opposite the stigma. Anther apiculate in front; pollinia broadly triangular, divergent, attached by a broad caudicle to a thin angular gland. King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 180, t. 244. Cyrtopera bicarinata Lindl. in Well. Cat. 7363; Gen, and Sp. Orch. 189; Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, 81 (excl. cit. Ic. Griff.). Epipactis bicarinata Buch.—Ham. ex Wall. Cat. 7363. Cymbidium sp. Griff. Notul. iii, 343, No. 9.

In the Sub-Himalayan tracts of Pilibhit in Rohilkhund, and of the Kheri district of N. Oudh, Duthie’s collector Nos. 22798 and 25803. Flowers during March and April. It extends eastwards to Sikkim, the Khasia Hills, Assam, Manipur and Upper Burma,

8. ЕшоршА FLAVA Hook, f. Fl. Br. Ind, vi, 7.

A tall robust plant with a tuberous rhizome. Leaves about 3, forming when young a short pseudo-stem by their sheathing bases, developing later than the flowers, attaining when fully grown 12 dm. in length and about 10 cm. in width. Scape stout, 6 to 15 dm. high, clothed at the base with a few distant close-fitting sheaths, emerging from a tuber alongside the leaf-bearing pseudo-stem. Raceme З to 6 dm.; bracts much shorter than the ovary, 1 to 2 cm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. Flowers numerous, large, drooping, lemon-coloured. Sepals about 3 cm. long, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate. Petals a little shorter than the sepals and much broader, obtuse or emarginate, many-nerved. Lip as long as the sepals; side lobes large, rounded, spotted with purple at the base, their margins recurved ; midlobe oblong, the disk with two small pyriform basal calli and three crenate lamellae. Spur a short blunt sac. Column about 2 cm. long, produced at the base into a short foot. Anther with an emarginate apex and a long anterior process; | pollinia obtusely angled, attached by a stout broad-based caudicle to a broad shallow gland. Cyrtopera flava Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7364; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 189; Royle Ш. 370, t. 88, fig. 1; Reichb. f. in Gard Chron. (1870), 1407; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxvi. 98. б. Culleni Wight Ic. 1754; Walp. Ann. vi, 667. Dipodium flavum Herb. Ham.

Dehra Dun, Royle, Mackinnon (Duthie’s No. 22725); Sub-Himalayan tracts in Rohil- khand and N. Oudh, Duthie’s collector Nos. 22795, 24142; outer ranges of Garhwal, Duthie’s collector Nos. 25790, 25804, 25805, 25806; Kumaon, below Almora 4,500 feet, Strachey 4 Winterbottom No. 20; Sarja Valley, T. Thomson. Flowers in June and July. It extends eastwards to Nepal, and is found also in Travancore and Hongkong.

EULOPHIA. 129

РглтЕ 110. Eulophia flava Hook. f.—Entire plant, reduced to } in size, Portion of inflorescence,—of natural size, Fig. 1, single flower; 2, ditto, with sepals and petals removed ; 3, lip, spread out; 4, front view of column; 5, front view of anther; 6, side view of ditto; 7, pollinia ;—all enlarged,

9. EULOPHIA optusa Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 3.

Height of plant 9 to 15 dw., the leaves and scape rising from a horizontal oblong tuber. Pseudo-stem formed by the sheaths enclosing the bases of the leaves and scape. Leaves two or three, 3 to 45 dm. long, linear, acuminate, plicate, veins sharply prom- inent. Scape exceeding the leaves, with a few long tight-fitting acuminate sheaths towards the base. Flowers 6 to 10, in a lax raceme, appearing with the leaves, 9-5 сш. across, erect in bud, drooping and campanulate when open; floral bract lanceolate, acuminate, less than half the length of the ovary. Sepals and petals prominently veined on the back, bright yellow outside and pale Jemon-coloured within. Dorsal sepal obovate acute, 2 cm. long; lateral rather shorter, faleately oblong, obtuse or subacute, adnate to the base of the column. Petals obovate, obtuse, about as long as the lateral sepals. Lip 3-lobed, longer than the sepals, with a short curved subacute spur at the base; side lobes large, erect, rounded, pale yellow tinged with lilac; midlobe bent upwards, and with a reflexed undulate margin, suborbicular when flattened out; disk with 5 to 8 prominent ridges terminating within the margin of the apical lobe in an oblong grooved callus, and prolonged at the base into two sets of finger-like projections. Column about 1 cm. long, oblong, narrowly winged, curving into a short foot at the base. Anther with a rounded or slightly emarginate apex and a long anterior projection ; pollinia subglobose, attached by a cylindric caudicle to a subfimbriate triangular gland. Е. arundinacea Fale. Іс. No. 46 (ined,) in Herb. Kew. AE. campanulata Duthie in Journ. As, Soc. Beng. lxxi, part 2 (1902), 39. Cyrtopera obtusa Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 190.

Valleys in the neighbourhood of Mussoorie, Royle; Dehra Dun in swamps, W. Beli, Mackinnon (Duthie’s No. 22722), Duthie ; Pilibhit district in Rohilkhand, Duthie’s collector Nos. 25793 to 25801; Chandanpur in the Gonda district of N. Oudh, Duthie’s collector 29793. Flowers during July and August.

Since my return from India this year, I have had an opportunity of examining at the Royal Herbarium, Kew, the single type-specimen of Lindley's Cyrtopera obtusa, as well as Falconer’s excel- lent drawing of the same plant under his manuscript name of Eulophia arundinacea, and I have now no hesitation in referring to it the E. campanulata Duthie, published last year in the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. Lindley described the column correctly as having a produced foot, and I have therefore placed it here in the Cyrtopera section of the genus. It is closely allied to E. fiava, differing chiefly by its much narrower leaves, smaller flowers and in the shape of the spur. It somewhat resembles E. JMannii Hook f., which, in regard to the length of the foot of the column, might well have been placed in the Cyrtopere section. Іп both of these species the narrow leaves, the short, acute spur, as well as the anther, pollinia and gland are very similar. The locality “ad ripas flum'ris Tonse prope Deokhutal" menticned in Liudley's Gen. and Sp. Orch. 190, refers to E. flava and not to E. obtusa.

Ann. Вот. Bor. Gan», Catc., Vor. ІХ

180 VANDER.

Рілте 111. Eulophia obtusa Hook. f.—Entire plant, reduced to 1. Portion of flowering stem,—of natural size. Fig. 1, single flower; 2, ditto, with sepals and petals removed; 3, lip, spread out ; 4, column; 5, anther, front and side views; 6, pollinia, front

and back views ;—all enlarged.

14. Geodorum Jackson.

Terrestrial herbs with underground subglobose rhizomes. Leaves elliptic, plicate, their sheaths forming a pseudo-stem, Scape from the base of the pseudo-stem, stout, erect, sheathed, bearing а decurved corymbose raceme. J lvwers rather crowded and narrow, about 15 mm, long. Sepals equal, oblong, subacute, егесі, Petals as long as the sepals, but broader and blunt. Zip sessile on the base of the column, broadly ventricose at the callus-bearing base, without side lobes; apex broad, rounded bifid or emar- ginate. Column shorter than the lip. Anther broad, 2-celled; pollinia 2, broadly and dimidiately ovoid, attached by a slender tapering caudicle to a small orbicular gland.— Species about 10; Indian, Malayan, Chinese and Australian,

GEODORUM PURPUREUM R. Brown in Ait. Hort. Kew. ей. 2, v, 207.

Tuber globose, apiculate, about 3 cm. in diam. Pseudo-stem 7:5 to 15 ст. long. Leaves broadly elliptic, acute, tapering to the long sheath, 15 to 3 dm. long and 7:5 to 10 cm. broad. Inflorescence shorter than the leaves; raceme short, corymbose, drooping when in flower, but erect in fruit; floral bract large, lanceolate, longer than the ovary. Flowers white or pale purple about 15 mm. long. Sepals linear-oblong, acute, 3-nerved. Petals broader, 5-nerved, with thickened midribs. Lip very ventri- cose at the base and much thickened, the rounded minutely notched apical lobe also much thickened; disk with a conspicuous yellow callus at the base from which extends a broad channelled ridge towards the granulated apex. Anther with a 3-lobed apex, puberulous; pollinia 2, with elongate pits on their posterior surface, caudicle broad, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 175; Dalz. & Gibs. Bombay Fl. 266; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi; 16; King & Pantl. in Ann, Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. уш, 181, t. 245. С, dilatatum Wall. Cat. 7376. Limodorum nutans Roxb. Cor. Pl. i, t. 40; Fl. Ind. Iii, 470. .Malazis nutans Willd. Sp. Pl, iv, 93.

Dehra Dun, Mackinnons collector. Flowers during June and July. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan, and south to Malabar and the Konkan, also in the Andaman Islands and the Malay Peninsula.

15. Oreorchis Lindl.

Terrestrial; pseudo-bulb corm-like, broadly ovoid, 1- or 2-leaved. Leaves long, narrow. Scape tall, slender, produced from the side of the pseudo-bulb, Flowers rather small, im racemes. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, Petals subsimilar and slightly spreading or subconnivent. Zip more or less oblong, attached to the base of the column by а short narrow claw, gibbous at the base or not, anterior part 3-lobed; side lobes short, entire; terminal lobe broad, more or less bifid. Column elongated, stout, ore mor less curved, the apex subtruncate. Anther l-celled. Pollinia 4, globose,

OREORCHIS. 131

united to а short common caudicle ending in a gland derived from the stigma (sessile in 0. indica)—Species 5; all inhabiting Northern Asia.

Leaf solitary, flowers reddish :— Flowers stalked, lip saccate at the base eee Fe Ü; JOE, Flowers larger and sessile, lip not saccate at the base 2 0. indica. Leaves 2 or 3, flowers white or pale yellow :— Lip not васоаќе at the base, basal callus linear . . 3. О. micrantha. Lip saccate at the base, basal callus oval . . . . 2, О. Rolfei.

1. OREORCHIS FOLIOSA Lindl, in Journ. Linn, Soc. iii, 27.

Pseudo-bulb about 1:5 cm. long, broad-based and bearing a few lax root-fibres. Leaf solitary, terminal 1 to 2:3 dm. long, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, narrowed at the base to a short petiole, with two or three prominent nerves and a few slender ones between. Scape 3 to 41 dm. long, the peduncle with two or three tubular closely-fitting sheaths 2% to 5 сш, long. „Васете 7:5 to 20 cm. long, laxly few-flowered ; floral bract small, equalling the short pedicel of the ovary. Flowers 13 mm. across, subsecund, yellowish tinged with red. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, subacute, the lateral pair produced at the base on to the sac of the lip. Petals shorter but broader than the sepals, all more or less connivent. Jp longer than the sepals, deflexed from below the middle, clawed and shortly saccate at the base; side lobes broadly and obliquely oblong, obtuse, entire, 3-nerved, terminal lobe subreniform (when flattened out), shortly bifid, the margin thickened and erose; disk with five stout branching nerves, but not lamellate. Column slightly curved; the sides thickened, especially towards the base and passing into the short sac of the lip. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 709; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 183, t. 137; Collett Fi. Siml. 493; Rolfe in Journ, Linn. Soc. xxxvi, 9. Corallorhiza sp. Lindl. in Royle Ill. Him. Bot. 362.

Simla Hills 7—9,000 feet, Stoliczka, Gamble Nos. 4499, 6251; Lace No. 2160, Collett; Jaunsar, Csmaston (Duthie’s No. 24188), Gleadow; Garhwal, Royle; flowering in July, It extends eastwards to Sikkim, and occurs also in China, in Western Szechuen and on the Tibetan frontier.

9. Овкокснів INDICA Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 709.

Rhizome bearing one or two ovoid annulated pseudo-bulbs from the bases of which several stout fibrous roots are given off. Leaf solitary, narrowly lanceolate, about 5 em, broad, developing later than the flowers. Scape about 2 dm. long, rather stout, the peduncle bearing a few loose acuminate sheaths; floral bract lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than the ovary. Flowers many, sessile, about 17 mm. long. Sepals and petals yellow veined and blotched with reddish-purple. Dorsal sepa! linear-lanceolate, 11 mm. long, lateral subfalcately lanceolate, 10 mm, long. Petals a little shorter than the sepals, subfa cately blong, obtuse. Jap deflexed from the middle, clawed, not saccats at the base; side lobes ear-shaped, incurved, obtuse; midlobe rounded, entire or 2. lobed; the disk with a raised lamella midway between the side lobes. Column dilated at the base and apex, curved, shorter than the lip, yellow with reddish-purple spots. Lip of anther with two projecting teeth; pollinia sessile on the gland, obovoid,

Ах». Roy. Bor. Garp, Caro, Vor. IX.

132 YANDEE.

subcompressed. Collett Fl. Siml. 493. Corallorhiza indica Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. ii, 26 (not of Dene.).

Hattu near Simla 7,000 feet, 7. Thomson Хо. 1724, Gamble; Chachpur Valley

the Simla Hills 6,000 feet, Duthie No. 21074; Jaunsar 8-9,000 feet, Edgeworth

No. 61; 6-7,000 feet, Duthie No. 14592; Garhwal 8-9,000 feet, Royle. Flowers in August.

The shape of the pollinia in this species and the absence of а caudicle are remarkable. The claw of the lip and the lamella are pale yellow, the side lobes are marked with purple lines and spots, and the apical lobe is white and often tinged with pale purple.

Pirate 112. Oreorchis indica Hook, f—A plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, single flower; 2, ditto with lip removed; 3, flower with sepals and petals removed; 4, lip spread out; 5, anther; 6, pollinia;—all enlarged.

3. OREORCHIS MICRANTHA Lindl. Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, 27.

Pseuao-bulb about 2 cm. long, ovoid-conic, the base with a few fibres. Leaves two or three, 155 to З dm. long, linear, prominently 1- or 2-nerved. Scape from the side of the pseudo-bulb, the peduncle with two or three tubular sheaths; raceme few-flowered, lax, 5 to 10 cm, long; foral bract minute, subulate, hairy, much shorter than the ovary. Flowers almost sessile, 1 ста. in length, pale yellow, the lip being white spotted with purple. Sepals linear-lanceolate, acute, slightly spreading, the lateral pair a little shorter and broader than the dorsal and subfaleate. Petals shorter than the lateral sepals, sometimes spotted with purple. Jip obovate-oblong, not saccate at the base, deflexed from the top of the very short claw; side lobes narrowly oblong, erect; terminal lobe broadly obovate, 2-lobulate; disk with a thick, linear channelled callus. Column much curved, the base dilated and concave. Pollinia globular, united to а short thick caudicle. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 709; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. 188, t. 138; Collett Fl. Siml. 493.

Simla Hills 7 to 8,000 feet, Gamble Nos. 4427, 6250, Lace 2159, Babington-Smith ; Jaunsar, Osmaston; Mussoorie Hills 5 to 6,000 feet, King, Mackinnon; Kumaon, 7. Thomson No. 214, Strachey & Winterbottom No. 56. Flowers during June.

4. Овковсніз Roure Duthie in Journ. As. Soc. Beng. lxxi, part 2, 38

Pseudo-bulb globose. Leaves two or three, about 2 dm. long, linear-lanceolate, deflexec at the tips, 3—d-nerved, plicate. Scape about as long as the leaves, rising from near the top of the pseudo-bulb; peduncle firm, clothed with three or four closely-fitting tubular sheaths. Raceme many-flowered, 6 to 7 cm. long. Flowers sessile, rather crowded, about 1:4 cm. across; floral бғасі minute, less than half the length of the ovary. Sepals about equal, 144 em. long, lanceolate, subacute, pale yellowish-green, slightly spreading Petals as long as the sepals but narrower, oblanceolate, subacute, pure white with a few dark purple blotches. Zip obovate-oblong (when spread out), narrowed at the base into а sac-like claw; side lobes linear, fleshy, white, half the length of the midlobe and free almost to their bases; midlobe deflexed, white and blotched like the petals with dark

CYMBIDIUM. 133

purple spots, the apex with a shallow sinus, the disk with a prominent fleshy oval callus at its base. Column curved, dilated at the base, concave in front. Ройта globular, united to a short thick conical caudicle.

Nag Tiba in Tehri-Garhwál at an elevation of about 8,000 feet, Mackinnons coilec- tor. Flowers in June.

This species is most nearly allied to О, micrantha, but the lip is saccate at the ‘base, and the basal callus is oval and not linear; both the lip and the petals are pure white spotted with purple, and the side lobes of the lip are free to the base. The spike is shorter and the flowers are more crowded. At present this plant is known only from a single locality, in the neighbour- hood of Mussoorie.

Prate 113. Oreorchis Rolfei Duthie.—Plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, single flower; 2, ditto, with sepals and petals removed; 3, lip, spread out; 4, column, with portion of ovary ; 5, front view of ditto; 6, anther; 7, pollinia;—all enlarged.

16. Corallorhiza R. Brown.

Leafless reddish-brown erect terrestrial herbs with jointed coralloid rhizomes. Scape simple, sheathed. Flowers small, whitish or pale yellow, in a terminal spike or raceme. Sepals and petals subequal, linear; petals ascending incurved. Jip clawed, adnate to the base of the column, erect, eutire or 3-lobed; spur minute or absent. Column erect, incurved, Anther 4-celled; pollinia 4 ovoid, soft, cohering by а viscus.—Species about 12, in N. temperate regions,

CoRALLORHIZA INNATA В. Brown in Hort. Kew. v, 209,

A rootless parasite with a flattened reddish-brown succulent rhizome. Scape 6.10 in long, slender, few-flowered, clothed with loose sheaths. Flower nearly sessile, about 7 mm. long; bracts minute. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, the lateral ones deflexed. Lip deflexed, 3-lobed, with a shallow nectary at the base; side lobes narrow, mid-lobe retuse. Anther dehiscing transversely, each cell containing an unequal pair of waxy pollinia. Capsules large, deflexed. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 533; Reichb. Ic. Pl. Germ, xiii, 490; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. v, 710; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxvi, 9. C. Jacquemontii Dene, in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 165, t. 165.

Kashmir; Jacguemont, C. В. Clarke No. 28943, up to 11,500 feet, extending to Europe, N. Asia & N. America.

17. Cymbidium Swartz,

Epiphytes, rarely terrestrial or with an elongated leaf-bearing stem. Leaves usually very long, narrow and coriaceous, rarely none or rudimentary at the time of flowering. Inflorescence from the side of the pseudo-stem; scape loosely sheathed. Flowers one to many, often large, іп suberect or drooping racemes. Sepals and petals subequal, free, spreading ог erect. Jip adnate to the base of the column and embracing it by its convolute side lobes; apical lobe decurved, often with undulate edges, the disk usually with two ridges or lamelle. Column long, without a foot. Anther 1- or imperfectly 2-celled; pollinia 2, ovoid pyriform cuneiform or globular, more or less

134 VANDEA,

partite, sessile on a small or large often strap-shaped gland.—Species about 60, in temperate, tropical or subtropical Asia, a few in Africa and in Australia.

Terrestrial :— о. ом, مات ا ات کو‎ И Е 1. С. macrorhizon. Leaves linear, their bases forming a short pseudo-stem :— ИЕ سوا تا‎ С اس یا یں‎ олары ы Мызы; 2. 0. Mackinnoni. FORO I. ка, га. ма کرو کو‎ 25. 3. С. cyperifolium. Epiphytal, inflorescence decurved :— Flowers not exceeding 9:5 cm. across :— Inflorescence less than half the Ta of the leaves, leaves entire at the apex 4. О, pendulum.

Inflorescence nearly as ind аа "e: ішеді. 00 —

жасы саа E atus оза edet oiu < 5. C. alotfolium. Flowers much larger :—

Leaves narrowly linear

> longifolium. Deve лоо С и OIE E эу 7%

giganteum.

1. CYMBIDIUM MACRORHIZON Lindl. Сеп. and Spec. Orch. 162.

A terrestrial parasite without leaves. Rootstock as thick as а goose-quill, creeping, branched and jointed. Scape very short, basal sheaths short, or elongating to 5 ст. and narrowly subfoliaceous. Raceme 6—8-flowered, 1:5 {о 2:3 dm. long; bracts 7 to 12 mm., narrow, membranous. Flowers 3 to 4 cm. in diam. Sepals about 2 cm. long, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, pale yellow tinged with pink, spreading or reflexed. Petals erect, slightly shorter and broader, whitish streaked with pink. Lip 17 cm., white spotted with crimson; side lobes narrow, erect, rounded and with inflexed margins: midlobe oblong or subpanduriform; disk with two thick ridges between the side lobes. Column elongate, curved, about 12 mm. long, inner surface streaked with crimson. Anther рарШове outside; pollinia 4, plano-convex, sessile on the crescent-shaped gland. Royle Ш. Him. Bot. 366; Hook. f. Fl, Br. Ind. vi, 9

N.-W. india; Royle, Putus Dehra Dun; on Kalanga Hill, Mackinnom's collector ; Mussoorie on Banog Hill 7,500 feet, Mackinnon (Duthie’s No. 22717); Garhwál east Е Tehri, Mackinnon’s collector (Duthws No. 25403); бага Yalley in Kumaon, Duthie’s collector No. 24098; reported also from Kashmir. Flowers during July and August. It extends eastwards to Assam and to the Khasia and Naga Hills. In Sikkim it has been collected in the Ranjit Valley, but not since 1879,

Prate 114. Cymbidium macrorhizon Lindl.—A plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, single flower 2, column and lip; 3, lip; 4, front view of column; 5, anther; 6 and 7, pollinia; —ul ۵

2. Сумвилом Маскікхозі Duthie in Journ. Ав, Soc, Beng, lxxi, pt. 2, 41.

Terrestrial, ccespitose. Pseudo-stem short, emitting many thick spongy roots. Leaves. linear, acuminate, З to 4 dm, long and about 1:3 em. broad, the lowest reduced to membranous sheaths, margins not serrulate. Scape 1-flowered, much shorter than the leaves, clothed to the base with loose lanceolate acuminate eymbiform hyaline sheaths. Floral bract longer than the much curved ovary, pale yellow with purple veins. Flowers

CYMBIDIUM. | 132

about 5 cm. across, nodding. Sepals and petals spreading, green. Sepals lanceolate, obtuse, a little longer tian the petals. Petals elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, ó-nerved. Lip about as long as the petals, obovate-oblong (when spread out), 3-lobed, saccate at the base, pale yellow, blotched with purple; lateral lobes narrow, erect ; the terminal one abruptly deflexed, rounded at the apex and nearly entire; disk with two raised incurved smooth lamellar flaps extending from the base to a little beyond the side lobes, their edges nearly parallel but not meeting. Column short, stout, auricled at the base, concave in front marked with purple blotches like the lip. Pollinia 4, obliquely obovoid, plano-convex, attached to a hemispherical gland. Ripe capsule 1°5 dm. long (including the long pedicel), ellipsoid clavate, prominently ribbed.

Discovered by Mr. Р. W. Mackinnon, near Mussoorie, at an elevation of about 5,500 feet, growing under trees and flowering during the month of F ebruary ; Duthie’s Nos. 22709, 94152.

This species is very nearly allied to C. virescens Lindl, a native of Japan. In the latter, however, the margins of the leaves are distinctly serrulate, the flowers are larger and the bracts on the scape are more numerous and more tinted; the lamelle on the disk of the lip are much curved and nearly parallel to the margins of the lateral lobes. Of Indian species it most nearly resembles С. cyperifolium. The latter, however, is a much larger plant, the scape is more than 1-flowered, and the eolouring of the lip and the shape of the pollinia and that of gland are very different; also the margins of the leaves are serrulate, and the sheaths on the scape as well as the floral bract are green.

Puare 115, Cymbidium Mackinnoni Duthie—Portion of plant,—of natural size, Fig. 1, side view of flower, with sepals and petals removed; 2, lip and column; 3, pollinia ;—all enlarged ; 4, ripe capsule,—of natural size.

3. CYMBIDIUM CYPERIFOLIUM Wall. Cat. 7353 (in part).

Terrestrial; pseudo-stem thin, short. Leaves up to 7:5 dm. long, linear, finely acuminate, slightly expanded towards the sheathing base, the lowest ones short and sheath-like, margins serrulate. Inflorescence from the base of the pseudo-stem, erect, about 3 dm. long, the peduncle clothed with long acuminate sheaths up to the base of the raceme. Flowers green, with dull purple markings on the lip and column, 25 cm. long, and about 8:5 cm. across; floral bract green, lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the stalked ovary. Sepals subequal, linear-lanceolate, acute, spreading. Petals rather shorter and somewhat broader. Jip as long as the petals, oblong (when spread out), glabrous, 3-lobed; lateral lobes long, narrow, erect; terminal lobe abruptly deflexed, ovate or oblong-ovate, entire, the disk between the side lobes with two smooth lamellar incurved flaps, their edges parallel but not touching, Column rather stout. Anther broad; pollinia obliquely ovoid, divergent, cleft nearly to the base, sessile on a very narrow elongate gland. Сарзие ellipsoid-clavate, about 6 em. long. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 163; іп Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, 28; Hook. f. КІ, Br, Ind. vi, 13 (excl. syn. Limodorum longifolium Roxb.); King & Pantling in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale, viii, 186, t, 948. С. тігі (оғит Griff. Itin. Notes 126, No, 454.

Near Mussoorie, growing amongst dense undergrowth at about 6,000 feet, Mackinnon (Duthie’s Nos. 21748, 22719), flowering during March and April; Garhwál and Kumaon at 5,000 feet, Edgeworth. It extends eastwards to Sikkim, the Khasia and Naga чал Manipur and Upper Burma, and is found also in Perak and Java.

186 VANDEZ.

4. CYMBIDIUM PENDULUM Swartz іп Noy. Act. Upsal. vi, 73,

Pseudo-stem stout, 7:6 cm, long. Leaves linear-oblong, acute, net notched, up to 7:5 dm. long and from 15 to 9 сш. broad, expanding into basal sheaths. Inflorescence 95 to 3 dm., decurved from the base, the peduncle about 7'5 cm., clothed with many imbricate sheaths. Flowers many, not crowded, dark purplish-brown, about 3 сш. across; floral bract minute, triangular, the ovary with stalk 1:3 cm. Sepals equal, oblong, slightly dilated near their blunt apices. Petals nearly as long as the sepals and a little wider, margined with yellow as are the sepals, Jip adnate to the short foot of the column, oblong, dilated and subsaccate at the base; side lobes narrow, their apices blunt and directed forwards; terminal lobe oblong, blunt, emarginate, much decurved; disk between the side lobes with two parallel continuous lamelle divergent at the base, meeting in the middle and slightly separating at their clavate apices. Column erect, narrower above, with a very short foot. Anther broad, depressed, minutely рарШове; pollinia ovoid, acute, diverging, essile on a broad thin shallow gland. Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 458; Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 165; Walp. Ann. vi, 642 (excl. cit. Bot. Reg.); King & Pant. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 188, t. 251; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. бос. xxxvi, 31. 0. aloifolium Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 10 (in part) С. crassifolium Wall. Cat. 7357. С. Mannii Reichb. f. in Flora 1872, 274. Epidendrum pendulum Roxb. Cor. Pl. i, 35, t. 44.

Kali Valley in Kumaon at a low elevation, Duthie’s collector No. 24097. Flowers in May or June. It extends eastwards to Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Sylhet, Burma and China; and is found also in 5, India, the Andaman Islands and Perak.

5. CYMBIDIUM ALOIFoLIUM Swartz in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi, 73.

Pseudo-si-m short. Leaves З to 5'5 dm. long and about 3 сш. broad, linear-oblong, curved, obtuse, fleshy, obliquely notched at the apex, slightly expanded at the sheathing base, Inflorescence from the base of the smail pseudo-stem, somewhat shorter than the leaves, peduncie 7:5 to 10 cm. long, bearing severul tubular acute scarious sheaths near the base; raceme many-flowered, decurved, З to 4 dm. long. Flowers 3'5 cm. across; floral bract minute, ovate, the stalked ovary about 12 mm. long. Sepals subequal, oblong or slightly oblanceolate, blunt. Petals as long as the sepals, ovate-oblanceolate, blunt, Jip as long as the sepals, oblong, 3-lobed, its upper surface with two lamelle broken and discon- nected in the middle; the lateral lobes long, narrow, their apices blunt, entire, pointing forwards; apical lobe ovate-oblong, much decurved. Column slightly thickened at the apex- Anther subquadrate, papillose, the gland of the pollinia small. Capsule elliptic, 8 to 9 em. long. Swartz in Schrad, Journ. Bot. 1779, ii., 218; Roxb. Fl. Ind. iu, 458; Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 165; Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 967; Walp. Ann. vi, 624 (excl. Ic. Wight); Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 10; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot Gard. Cale. viii, 189, t. 252. Epidendrum aloifolium Linn. Sp. Pl. 953. ? Aerides Borassi Smith in Rees Cyclop, Suppi. (та part) Epidendrum aloides Bot. Mag. t. 387.

Bahraich district of N. Oudh near the Nepal frontier, Duthie’s collector No. 23865 : flowering during April and May. It extends eastwards to Bengal, Sikkim and Assam, and occurs also іп Š. India, Ceylon, the Andaman Islands and Perak.

CYMBIDIUM. 187

6. CYMBIDIUM LONGIFOLIUM Don Prod. 36.

Pseudo-stem short. Leaves 6 to 9 dm. long and only 19 to 15 mm. wide, linear, acu- minate, channelled below, dilated and equitant at the very base. Inflorescence very stout, sub-erect in the lower but decurved in tbe upper half, shorter than the leaves, the peduncle sheathed nearly to the apex, sheaths larger upwards, all loose and acute. Жасете 10- to 15-flowered. Flowers 6:4 to 7:6 cm. across; floral bract minute, trian- gular. Sepals subequal, oblong, subacute, thedorsal broader and incurved, lateral pair spreading. Petals as long as the sepals, but narrower, spreading. Lip oblong, shortly clawed; side lobes long, narrow, acute, directed forwards; terminal lobe decurved, orbicular, acute, the edges slightly undulate, pubescent on its upper surface. Column erect, slightly saccate at the base. Anther broad, dome-like; pollinia ovate, diverging, sessile on a quadrate gland the lower corners of which are elongated into narrow points. Ovary stalked, about 2°5 cm. long. Wall. Cat. 1856; Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 163; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, 29; Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. 1874 i, 14; Hook, f. Fl Br. Ind. vi, 13; King & Pantl. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Calc. viii, 191, t. 254; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. бос. xxxvi, 81. C. erythreum Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, 30. Limodorum angustifolium Herb. Ham.

Kumaon at 5 to 0,000 feet, Blinkworth. Eastwards to Sikkim, Bhutan and the Khasia and Naga Hills; also in China, In Sikkim it flowers during September and October.

In this plant the sepals and petals are brownish-purple on a pale green ground, the dorsal sepals being dark green outside and faintly striped with purple; the disk and apical lobe of lip are pure white spotted with purple, the side lobes being of a dull yellow closely lined with purple.

7. Сүмвішом GIGANTEUM Wall. Cat. 7355.

Pseudo-stem very short. Leaves 4 to 6 dm, long, and 2 to 3 ст. broad, linear- oblong, acute, entire, narrowed towards the base and then dilated and equitant. Inflorescence from the base of the pseudo-stem, as long as or longer than the leaves, decurved; peduncle stout, enveloped at the base in numerous imbricate acuminate sheaths; raceme laxly 10- to 20-flowered. Flowers 6*4 to 7°6 cm. across; floral bract minute, broad, Sepals subequal, elliptic-oblong, subacute, the dorsal one incurved, lateral pair spreading. Petals as long as the sepals but narrower, oblong, subacute. Lip shorter than the sepals, 3-lobed, more or less puberulous; lateral lobes large, their apices elliptic and directed forward; apical lobe deflexed, ovate-oblong, subacute, the edges undulate-crenate; upper surface with two parallel ridges running from the base nearly to the apex, hairy and separated by a small groove, Column somewhat curved, its base below the insertion of the lip with a small nectar-bearing sac. Anther slightly scabrid. Ро та ovoid, acute, diverging, sessile on a quadrate gland, Capsule 7:5 cm. long, elliptic, pointed at each end, prominently ridged. Lindl. Gen, and Sp. Orch. 163; Sert. Orch. t. 4; Bot. Mag. t. 1844; Paxt. Mag. Bot. 241, and Fl. Gard. ii, 14, fig. 143; Griff. Notul. iii, 841: Walp. Ann. vi, 626; Warner Orch. Alb. vi, t. 284; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 12; King & Рав. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard., Cale. viii, 191, t. 255. ridorchis gigantea Blume Orch. Archipel. Ind. 76, t. 26. Limodorum longifolivn Ic. Ham. ;

Axx. Вот. Bor. Garn., Carc, Vor. IX.

138 VANDER.

Garhwál at 4,000 feet, Mackinnon; Kumaon 4,000 feet, Strachey 6 Winterbottom No. 26, flowering from October to December. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan and the Khasia Hills.

The flowers are of a dingy yellow colour with vertical lines of brown, and the lip has broad transverse dark brown blotches; the sepals are greenish externally.

18. Doritis Lindl.

Epiphytic, with short stems and no pseudo-bulbs. :×ط‎ flat, coriaceous. Infor- escence from the side of the stem or axillary, erect or pendulous. Flowers in loose racemes, Sepals and petals widely spreading, Lip clawed or sessile, adnate to the foot of the column, spurred, more or less lobed, side lobes erect, disk usually with a forked plate or callus. Column narrowly winged, its foot long and forming with the sides of the lip a conical sac bearing the lateral and apical lobes at its mouth.— Species 5, Indian, Chinese and Malayan,

Doritis TÆNIALIS Benth. in Gen. Plant, iti, 574,

Roots numerous, long and flat, forming large tufts, Leaves few, pendulous, often solitary, sometimes absent, 7:6 to 12:6 em. long, narrowly elliptic-oblong, acute, taper- ing to the sessile base, Racemes 6- to 8-flowered, longer than the leaves, pendulous. Flowers about 2 em. across, purple cr occasionally pure white; Jract minute, broadly triangular. Sepals unequal, blunt, the dorsal one oblong or slightly oblanceolate; lateral pair broader, elliptic, blunt. Petals shorter than the sepals, obovate, blunt. Zip adnate to the foot of the column, shorter than the petals; hypochile produced below into a stout subcylindrie spur, and sending upwards two long narrow falcate backward- pointing lobes; epichile spathulate-oblong, entire, attached to the hypochile near its base, parallel to it for part of its length and then curving forwards, its upper surface with a forked appendage. Column dilated towards the long foot; stigma large, rostellum long and narrow. Pollinia subglobose, attached by a long curved tapering flat caudicle to a small triangular gland. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. i نک و و‎ O Pantl. in Ann, Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 199, t. 266. D. Braceana Hook. f. in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. v, 40, t. 60. rides teniale Lindl Gen. and Sp. Orch. 239; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, 41, Ж, carnosum Griff. Notul iii, 265: Io. Pl. Аз. t. 338A. сы

N.-W, Himalaya, Madden ; Dehra Dun, Gamble Np. 22780; Jaunsar, Gamble سے سو‎ ел Te, Sa

; ia feet, Duthie No. 5997; near Almora at 3,500 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom No. 23. Flowers during April and dd It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Khasia Hills, Manipur aud

19. Ornithochilus Will.

Epiphytie, without pseudo-bulbs, Stem very short, Leaves iew, crowded, broadly LI E 4 oblong, flat, softly coriaceous. Inflorescence supra-axillary, racemose or panicled, Sepals

LUISIA. 139

subequal, spreading, incurved at the apex, lateral obliquely obovate. Petals smaller, cuneate oblong, blunt. Тір much longer than the sepals, adnate to the foot of the column by a long broad claw, the claw with a rectangularly bent sub-cylindric spur at its junction with the apical lobe; side lobes shallow, sub-quadrate; apical lobe with three lobules, the two lateral recurved and pectinate, the central triangular, entire or infolded; the mouth of the spur closed by two calli projecting from its back and front walls, the latter hairy. Column short, cylindric, stout, with a short foot; rostellum forked; stigma circular, surrounded by a hairy rim. Anther oblong; pollinia 2, sub-globose, caudicle very broad, obcuneate, gland large.—Species 1 or 2, Indian or Chinese.

ORNITHOCHILUS Fuscus Wall. in Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 242.

Leaves 75 to 15 cm., oblong or ovate-lanceolate, obliquely tapering to the acute apex and narrowed to the sessile sheathing base, fleshy, shining on both surfaces when young, nerves inconspicuous. Jnflorescence two or three times longer than the leaves, Flowers 1 em. across; floral bract lanceolate, much shorter than the long- stalked ovary. Sepals and petals greenish-yellow, the former with four, and the latter with two, broad brown vertical bands. The two pectinate lateral lobules of the mid- lobe of the lip are also brown passing into purple below. Capsule fusiform, 2°5 cm. long. Hook, f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 76; King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot. Gard, Cale. уш, 200, t. 268; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxvi, 38. 0. eublepharon Hance in Journ. Bot, xxii (1884), 364. Aerides difforme Wall. in Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 242; Sert. Orch. frontisp. fig. 7; Reichb. f. in Gard. Chron. (1865), 698; Lindl. in Journ. Linn, Soc. iii, 41; Walp. Ann. vi, 899. A. Hystriz Lindl, in Journ. Linn. Soc, iii, 42 (not of Gen. and Sp. Orch.).

Dehra Dun and up to 3,000 feet on the adjacent Mussoorie range, Mackinnon’s, collector (Duthie's No. 24190); near the village of Chamussoorie below Landour, Vicary ; Garhwál, Falconer; Gori Valley in Kumaon, Duthie’s collector No. 21121. Flowers т July. It extends eastwards to Sikkim, Bhutan, the Khasia Hills and Burma. It is found also in Moulmein and in China.

20. Luisia Gaud.

Epiphytes with rigid terete sheathed stems woody below and usually erect. Leaves terete, fleshy, distant, spreading. Flowers usually small and dull coloured, in short extra- axillary spikes with stout axes; floral bract short, scarious, persistent. Sepals sub-equal, or the decurved dorsal one, smaller. Petals equalling the sepals or much longer, spreading. Lip sessile on the base of the column, divided into two parts; the Aypochile saccate concave or flat; the epichile decurved, broad and ridged, entire crenate or undulate, more or less blunt. Column much shorter than the lip, stout. Stigma usually large. Anther broad, 2-celled ; pollinia 2, ovoid or subglobose, attached by а broad caudicle to а sub- quadrate or elongate gland. Capsule narrow, ridged, suberect.—Species about 15, mostly in Tropical Asia, a few Australian :—

Leaves long and stout, about 5 mm. in thickness.

Flowers 10 mm. log وو .^ 9 ¿ ہے‎ « ^» s L Бы

Flowers 6 mm. long. . . itn S лары у یں‎ MN. Leaves slender, 9 mm. or less in chicka

Flowers 7 mm. long, lip nearly flat .. . сео о. 8 7. brachystachys,

Fiowers 4 mm. 9m lip with а saccate 2 نے ا سس نے‎ ВЕ o. a

Ass. Roy. Вот. Gard., Carc, Vor. IX.

140 VANDES. 1. Lusta TRICHORHIZA Blume Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. i., 63.

Stem 1 to 95 dm. long, very stout, not branched. Leaves fleshy, very slightly taper- ing to the apex, 1 to 1:8 dm, long and about 5 mm, thick. Spikes 4- or 5-flowered, stout. Flowers 1 cm. long, placed on short thick tubercles; floral bract broad, with an acuminate point, persistent. Sepals unequal, green with faint purple lines; the dorsal one oblong, blunt; lateral pair shorter, obliquely ovate, acute, keeled. Petals longer and narrower than the lateral sepals, oblong, blunt, all spreading. Zip larger than the sepals, dark dull purple on a greenish ground, basal half deeply concave and with erect rounded edges, the apical portion broadly cordate, tapering to the subtruncate emarginate apex, upper surface with short blunt vertical ridges. Column stout, half as long as the lip, purple. Anther subquadrate, compressed, rostellum broad; pollinia ovoid, attached by a broad caudicle to the quadrate gland. Lindl. Fol. Orch. 2; Reichb, f, Xen. Orch., t. 77, figs. 8 to 18; Hook.f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 23; King & Pantling in Ann. К. Bot. Gard. Cale, viii, 202, t, 270. Vanda? trichorhiza Hook. Exot. Fl. 1, t. 72.

Dehra Dun chiefly on sal trees, Gamble No. 25695, Mackinnon No. 24182; Garh- wil, Falconer, Mackinnon (Duthie’s Nos. 23004, 55498), Duthie’s collector Nos. 25836, 25837. Flowers during March and April. It extends eastwards to Sikkim.

A much stouter plant than L. teretifolia and with blunter leaves.

2. LUISIA TERETIFOLIA Gaud. Bot. Егеус. Voy, 420, t. 37.

Stem 1:5 to 3 dm. long, stout, sometimes branching. Leaves 6'5 to 15 cm. long and from 4 to 5 mm. thick, terete, spreading. Spikes very short, 2- or 3-flowered. Flowers 7 mm. long; floral bract broad, pointed. Sepals and petals subequal, green, the petals slightly longer, narrowly oblong, blunt, spreading. Jip longer and broader than the sepals, with a square sub-saccate base; apical lobe deflexed, rhomboid, sub-truncate, its upper surface witn five or six vertical lines. Column very short and stout. Anfher depressed; pollimia 2, ovoid, attached by a stout caudicle to a broadly oblong gland. Blume Rumphia iv, t. 194, t. 1970; Mus. Bot. Lugd. Bat. i, 63; Lindl. Fol. Orch. 2 (excluding from all the synonym Ep. triste); Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 22; King & Pantling in Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 202, t. 270; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. бос. xxxvi, 93. L. brachysiachys, var. flaveola. Par. & Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ххх, 144. Г. burmanica Lindl. Fol. Orch. 3. Г. platyglossa Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi, 622. Г. zeylanica Lindl. Fol. Orch. 3, Cymbidium triste Roxb, Fl. Ind, іш, 461; Bot. Mag. t. 3648; Wight Ie, 911 (text only); Griff. Notul. ii, 940 (the Mergui plant), С. tenuifolium Wight Ic. 1689 (excl. text).

Garhwál 4,000 feet, Mackinnon. Flowers in April. It extends eastwards to Sikkim, the Khasia Hills, Bengal (in the Sunderbuns), Burma, the Andaman Islands and China; it is found also in the Western Ghats, Ceylon and Malaya.

The flowers are smaller and the stem and leaves are more slender than in L. trichorhisa.

3. Luisrà BRACHYSTACHYS Blume Rumphia iv, 50,

Stem long, branching. Leaves slender, 7 to 18 cm. long. Flowers T mm., on slender pedicels. Sepals and petals subequal; the petals narrowly oblong, blunt, spreading. Lip

SARCOCHILUS. 141

obovate-oblong, nearly flat, grooved, hardly constricted at the base of the broadly ovate epichile, dark purple with a yellow base. Column very short. Poliinia oval, attached to a conical caudicle. Capsule 2°5 to 3 cm. long. Blume Mus. Bot, 1., 64; Reichb. f. Xen, Orch, i, 204, t. 78, fig. 1; Lindl. Fol. Orch. 3; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 93, Meso- clastes brachystachys Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 1994; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 45.

Garhwál, Falconer; Kumaon 2,600 to 2,800 feet, Stewart No. 641. It extends eastwards to Sylhet and the Khasia Hills, and to Bengal at Jessore, Dacca and the Sunderbuns; it is found also in Tenasserim, ‘It flowers during March and$April.

Mr. C. B. Clarke describes the sepals as green outside and rose-purple within; the petals as greenish at the apex and base aud rose-purple in the middle, and the lip black-purple with а yelow base.

4. Lurta rxcowsPICUA Hook. f. MSS. іп Herb. Hort. Cale.

Stem 1 to 1'5 dm. long, slender, not branching. Leaves 3 to 6:5 em: long and about З mm. in diam. Spikes 1- to 3-flowered, 4 to 5 mm. long. Flowers pale yellowish-green, 4 mm. long; foral bract membranous, triangular, acuminate, Sepals ovate-lanceolate, sub- acute, spreading. Petals oblong, tapering slightly to the blunt apex. Lip as long ав the sepals, the hypochile hemispherieally saecate, green spotted with purple; epichile decurved, flat, sub-reniform, notched at the apex, its upper surface minutely hispid aad with 5 or 6 vertical lines. Colwmn half as long as the lip, purple. Anther depressed, rostellum large; pollinia broadly ovoid, attached by а slender caudicle to an oblong- quadrate gland. Copsule 1 cm. long. King & Pantling in Ann. R, Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 203, t. 272. Saccolabium? inconspicuum Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 56; in, Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Cale. v, 46, t. 69. Cymbidium inconspicuum Wall. MSS.

Garhwál, east of Tehri, Mackinnon’s collector (Duthie's No. 25127); Tejam in Kumaon, Duthie’s collector No. 24114; Бата Valley in Kumaon, Duthie’s collector Хо. 24114(a). It extends eastwards to Sikkim and Assam, аё low elevations, flowering during June and July.

This species resembles L. brachystachys, but is more slender and smaller in all its parts.

21. Sarcochilus R. Brown.

Epiphytal. Stem none or very short. eaves narrowly oblong or absent. Flowers usually in pendulous racemes. Sepals and petals subequal, free, spreading; the dorsal sepal concave, the lateral pair broader and partly adnate to the foot of the column, Lip jointed or adnate to the long produced foot of the column, without a spur; the side lobes very large, erect; the apical lobe minute, tooth-like; the disk with hairy ridges and calli. Column, thick, shorter than its foot, wingless, rostellum short, Anther terminal, depressed, shortly beaked in front, sometimes bearing two lateral sete; poliinia 4, in pairs, compressed; the caudicle slender, flattened, the gland small,—Species about 10, Indian, Chinese and Australian.

SARCOCHILUS usneo:pes Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann, vi, 497.

Roots densely tufted, tortuous, Stem none. ЖКасете 7'5 to 15 ст. long, many- flowered; peduncle brownish, bearing a few amplexicaul ovate acute membranous

142 VANDEZ.

deciduous bracts; the rachis flexuous, Flowers 13 mm. іп diam., white or rose-coloured. Sepals spreading, oblong, obtuse. Petals broader, spreading. Zip gibbous or slightly saccate at the base, with a long claw; side lobes linear-oblong, obtuse, disk between the side lobes pubescent; midlobe truncate, emarginate. Column very short; rostellum indistinct. Anther broadly ovate, furnished with 2 or З slender sete; pollinia two, 2-lobed, caudicle very short, gland large. Capsule 85 cm., slender, slightly curved, glabrous. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 37. Chiloschista usneoides Lindl, in Wall. Cat. 7330; Gen, & Sp. Orch. 219; Bot. Reg. under t.. 1522; Sert. Orch. frontisp. f. 4; in Journ, Linn. Soc. iii, 43; Gard. Chron. (1846), 135. Thrixspermum usneoides Reichb. f. Xenia ii, 190. Epidendrum usneoides Don. Prod. 37.

On oak trees near the village of Chamassoorie in Garhwal at an elevation of about 5,000 feet, found by Colonel Vicary in 1833. Previously discovered in Nepal by Dr. Wallich.

22. Ærides Lour.

Epiphytie, with leafy stems. Leaves linear or terete, coriaceous. Flowers usually numerous and brightly coloured, in decurved racemes, sometimes solitary ; floral bract minute. Sepals and petals broad, spreading, the lateral sepals adnate to the base or foot of the column. Јар adnate to the column, spurred; the side lobes large or small, sometimes absent; the mid-lobe larger than the side lobes, or smaller and incurved. Column short, its foot short or long; roséellum short or long, bifid. Anther 2-celled, with or without a beak; pollinia 2, globose, sulcate; caudicle long or short, gland various.— Species about 50, Eastern Asiatic.

Terminal lobe of lip large, hastate, acute. ete nus x. d Ж-тыңи/оғыв, Terminal lobe of lip small, narrowly oblong. . ©. . « . 2. ДЖ, odoratum.

1. {RIDES MULTIFLORUM Roxb. Согот. Pl. iii, 63, t. 271.

Stem 1 to 25 dm. long, stout. Leaves 1:5 to 2:5 dm. long and 2 to З em. broad, narrowly oblong, conduplicate, recurved, slightly tapering to the oblique bifid apex, not narrowed to the base, often tinged with red. Razemes longer than the leaves, simple, axillary, densely many-flowered; peduncle long, clothed with short distant sheaths. Flowers 2 cm. across, rose-coloured. Sepals and petals subequal, oblong, blunt. Lip twice as long as the sepals, triangular, entire, adnate to the base of the column, acute or obtuse at the apex, margins erose, its basal portion thick and with a retrorse tooth or callus across the mouth of the rectangularly bent spur. Column without a foot, its margins thickened and slightly winged near the Базе. Anther depressed and with a long curved beak in front; pollinia globular, caudicle Нотт, gland narrow. Roxb. Fl. Ind. іш, 475; Belg. Hortic. (1876), 286; Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi, 897; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 44; King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Cale. үші, 212, t. 283. Ж. afine Wall. Cat. 7316; Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 239; Sert. Orch. t. 15; in Jourr. Linn. Soc. 11, 41; Bot. Mag. t. 4049; Warner Sel. Orch. Ser. i, t. 91. 27. roseum Lodd. ex Paxt. Fl. Gard. ii, 109, t. 60; Regel Gartenfl. Vili, 253, t. 207 Ж. Lobbi Hort. ex Ш. Hort. (1868) t. 559. Æ. Veitchii Hort. ex Morven in Belg. Hortic. (1876), 291. Æ. trigonum Klotzeh in Otto. & Diet. Allgem. Gartenz (1835),

LJ

RHYNCHOSTYLIS. 113

Siwalik range, King; Dehra Dun, very common on mango trees; plentiful up to 4,000 feet on the outer ranges of the Western Himalaya, from the Kangra Valley in the Punjab to Kumaon, flowering during June and July. It extends eastwards to Nepal Sikkim aud Assam.

2. RIDES ODORATUM Lour. Fl. Cochin. 525.

Stem very stout. Leaves 1'5 to З dm. long and 4 to 5:5 cm. broad, oblong, flat, keeled, tapering slightly to the blunt unequally bilobed apex, not contracted at the sheathing base. acemes supra-axillary, deflexed, as long as or longer than the leaves, many-flowered; peduncle short, stout, with short distant sheaths, Flowers about 9:5 сш. long, white spotted with pink, very fragrant; floral bract broad, sheathing, blunt, much shorter than the stalked ovary. Sepals unequal, obtuse, spreading, the dorsal one elliptic- ovate; the lateral раг somewhat larger. Petals oblong, falcate, shorter than the sepals, Lip adnate to the short foot of the column; spur large, funnel-shaped, curved forwards ; lateral lobes very shallow, truncate, erose ; terminal lobe linear, emarginate, lying between the edges of the lateral lobes. Anther triangular, depressed, beaked; pollinia globose, caudicle linear, gland quadrate, Capsule fusiform, about 3 cm. long, Lindl. Gen, & Sp. Orch. 239; in Journ. Linn. Soc, їп, 41; Bot. Mag. 4139; Walp, Ann. vi, 898; Lindenia t. 14 (var.); Hook, f. Fl. Вт, Ind. vi, 47; King % Pantling in Ann. В. Bot, Gard. Calc. viii, 212, t. 282; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxvi, 35. ZErides cornutum Roxb. Hort. Beng. 63; Fl. Ind. iii, 472; Bot. Reg. t. 1485.

Western Himalaya, 7. Thomson; Dehra Dun, King, Gamble, Mackinnon; sub. montane tract of Bahraich district in N. Oudh, Duthie’s Collector No. 23868; Garhwál, Falconer, Duthie’s collector Nos, 25810, 25818; Kumaon, Colonel Davidson. Flowers during June and July, This species extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim and E. Bengal; it is found also in Malaya and China.

23. Rhynchostylis Blume.

Epiphytic. Stem elongate, stout, leafy, Leaves very coriaceous, linear-oblong, truncately or bluntly bilobed at the apex. acemes pendulous, many-flowered: Flowers brightly coloured, Sepals and petals spreading, broad, obtuse, the petals nar- rower than the sepals. Zip adnate to the short foot of the column, the Aypochile forming a deep wide pubescent sac without side lobes; the epichile obovate. acute, concave, the margins erect. Column short, stout, dilated at the base and with a very short foot. Stigma small. Anther terminal, rounded; pollinia 2, elliptic, attached by a slender long caudicle to a small oblong gland.—Species 2 or 38, Indian and Malayan.

15۲1080: 7773ا‎ RETUsA Blume, Bijdr. 286, t. 49.

Stem stout 1 to 2 dm. long, enveloped in the sheaths of decayed leaves. Leaves 1:5 to 455 dm. long and about 2:5 em. broad, curved, keeled, premorse or bluntly bilobed. Racemes longer than the leaves, cylindric, densely fiowered; peduncle short with a few small scattered sheaths. Flwers 2 em. асговв, white or pink with purple or pink markings. Lateral sepals broadly ovate, obtuse or apiculate, the dorsal one oblong,

144 УАКОЕЖ.

Lip very variable in shape ; spur compressed, ав me к سا‎ p ^ = clavate, 25 to 95 сш. long. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 82; King & Pantling in 6 iB dbi бом لی‎ эй, 913. t. 284. R. ‚ praemorsa Blume Bijdr. 286. R. guttata Reichb. f. in Bonplandia ii, 93. R, garwalica Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi, 888. Saccolabium guttatum Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7308; Gen. & Sp. Orch. d , in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, 32; Bot. Mag. t. 4108; Wight Ic. tt. 1745-6; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 263; De Vriese Orch. t. 14; Griff. Ic. Pl. Asiat. Notul. 22, t. 8 & 9. S. præ- morsum Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 291. S. Rheedii Wight Ic. v, 19. 8. retusum Fl. des Serres tt, 1463-4. S. Неайй Hort. ex Gard. Chron. (1885), п, 869. 5. Blume Lindl, Sert. t. 47; Bot. Reg. (1841), mise. 55. S. gurwalicum Lindl. in Journ. Linn. бос. iii, 32; in Gard. Chron. (1879), ii, 102. Sarcanthus guttatus Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1443, Ærides guttatum Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 471; Regel Gartenfl. (1863), 415. Æ. retusum Swartz in Schrad. Dar. (1799), 130; Willd. Sp. Pl. iv, 130; Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 264. Limodorum relusum Swartz іп Nov. Act, Upsal vi, 80. Epidendrum retusum, Linn, Sp.

Pl. 953.

Kangra Valley, Punjab Himalaya, Edgeworéh ; Siwalik range, Royle; Debra Dun, King, Mackinnon, &c., and up to 4,000 feet on the Mussoorie range; Gathwal, Falconer, Duthie’s collector Nos. 25828, 25830, 25840; Sub-Himalayan tract in the Gonda district of N. Oudh, Duthie’s collector No. 22800; Kumaon, 7, Thomson, T. Anderson, &c. Flowers in June and July. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, the Khasia Hills and Burma, and occurs also in 5, India, Ceylon and the Malay Archipelago.

24. Vanda R. Brown.

Epiphytes with leafy stems. Leaves thickly coriaceous or fleshy, flat and keeled or terete. Flowers usually large and handsome, in axillary simple racemes, sometimes solitary; floral bract much smaller than the ovary. Sepals and petals subequal, spreading or connivent, narrowed at the base. Lip large, its base usually saccate or spurred, the side lobes large or small, rarely absent, adnate to the short foot of the column or to the sides of the sac or spur; apical lobe fleshy, varying in shape, the disk usually ridged or lamellate, sometimes carunculate. Column short, stout, foot short or none. Anther 2-celled, rostellum small; pollinia 2, didymous, subglobose or obovoid; caudicle broad and short, or long and geniculate, gland usually large.—Species about 30, in Tropical Asia and Australia.

Lip spurred at the base ё Sepals and petals spreading :—

Flowers small, disk of lip without со. ДР parviflora. Flowers 3'5 to 5 em. in diam., disk of lip with fleshy 08ل‎ . . š VO WoW ws . . 2. У. Rozburghit,

Sepals and petals incurved i . . . re. š 2.2: ФР. cristata, Lip gibbous, not spurred or saccate at the base У i o АГ. alpina. 1. VANDA PARVIFLORA Lindl, in Bot. Reg. ххх (1844), Misc, 45,

Siem stout, 1 to 3 dm. long, enveloped in the sheath-bases of fallen leaves. Laeves CO to 10 em. long and 1 to 13 em, broad (when flattened out), linear-oblong, `

VANDA. 145

conduplicate, keeled, unequally and obtusely 2-lobed at the apex, not narrowed at the base. Inflorescence from below the leaves and about as long; peduncle as long as the raceme, bearing a few small scattered sheaths; roceme few-flowered ; floral bract ovate, acute, deciduous. Flowers 195 ст. in diam. Sepals and petals yellow. Sepals spathulate, obtuse, spreading, the lateral pair shorter than the dorsal. Petals spathulate-oblong, faleate, as long as the lateral sepals, spreading. Zip adnate to the foot of the column, spurred; side lobes erect, oblong, rounded or subacute; terminal lobe deeurved fleshy, oblong or cuneate-obovate, with a dilated truncate or retuse erose apex; the upper surface blue, caruncled and with а deep groove down the centre; spur slender, conical, half as long as the lip. Column short and thick, with a very short foot. Anther depressed, slightly beaked in front; ро та subglobose, bifid, attached to a short caudicle. Capsule about 8 сш. long, fusiform, with winged ridges. Wight Ic. 1669; Reichb. f. in Gard, Chron. 1877, ii, 166; Hook, f. Fl. Br. Ind; vi, 50; King & Pantling in Ann. В. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 215, t. 286. rides Wightianum Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7320; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 938; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, 40; Bot. Mag. 138; Wight Ic. v, p. 8; Dalz. & Gibs, Bomb. КІ, 265.

Debra Dun, Mackinnon ; and along the bases of the outer ranges of Garhwál and Kumaon, Edgeworth, Duthie’s collector Nos. 25824 to 25826. Flowers in May. This species extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim, Assam and Burma; also southwards through Central, W. and 8. India to Ceylon.

2. VANDA Кохвовони R. Br, in Bot. Reg. t, 506,

Stem climbing, 3:6 dm, long, emitting many thick white fleshy roots. Leaves bifarious, approximate, l'ó to 2 dm. long, narrow, complicate, keeled, the apex præ- morse. Zacemes 3-10-flowered, longer than the leaves; peduncle 65 to 2 dm. long. Flowers 3'5 to 5 cm. in diam. Sepals and petals subequal, spreading, clawed, obovate, undulate, yellowish-green or bluish tessallated with brown, their claws and outer surfaces white. Lip about half as long as the sepals; side lobes small, acute; apical lobe panduriform, with a purple dilated truncate 2-lobed apex, the margins deflexeds; disk convex, with fleshy ridges. Spur conical, hairy inside. Poilinia globose; caudicle broad, attached to a subquadrate gland. Capsule clavate, sharply ridged. Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 215; Fol. Orch. 3; Wight Ic. t. 916; Fl. des Serres ii, t. 11; Paxt. Fl. Gard. t. 42, f. 2; Reichb. Fl. Exot. t. 121; Ill, Hort. t. 185 (var.); Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 52. V. tesselloides Reichb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi, 864. Cymbidium tesselloides Roxb, Fl. Ind. iii, 469. С. tessellatum Swartz in Nov. Act. Upsal. vi, 75; Willd. Sp. Pl. iv 192; Roxb. Fl. Ind. 1. c. С. Allagnatea Herb. Ham. Epidendrum ан ВохЪ. Сог. Pl. i, 34, t. 42. Aerides tessellatum Wight in Wall. Cat. 259 Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 940. Vanda Jones in Asiat. Res. iv, 302.

,

Forests in the Sub-Himalayan tracts of Oudh, Е. Thompson ; Bahraich district near the Nepal frontier, Duthie’s collector No, 28867 (а & b); northern portion of the Gonda district, Duthie’s collector Nos. 22792 & 23867. Often found on the branches of mango trees and of Bassia latifolia. Flowers during the rains. It is also found in Bengal, Behar, the Central Provinces and westwards to Guzerat and the Konkan, extending southwards to Travancore, Ceylon and Tenasserim. Іп the Chanda district the roots, called rasna or nai, are used medicinally.

Ann. Roy. Вот. GARD., Carc, Vor. IX.

146 VANDEJE.

PrATE 116. Vanda Roxburghii R. Br. Portion of plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, а flower; 2, ditto with sepals and petals removed; 3, vertical section of column and lip; 4, front view of column; 5, anther; 6, pollinia ;—all enlarged.

3. VANDA CRISTATA Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7328.

Stem 78 to 1:5 сш. stout, covered with the remains of old sheaths. Leaves bifarious, crowded, 7:5 to 10 em. long, narrowly oblong, conduplicate, truncately and unequally bilobed at the apex, dilated at the sheathing base. Aacemes not exceeding the leaves, axillary, 2—5-flowered. Flowers 3۰5 to 5 cm. across. Sepals and petals ineurved, pale olive-green or yellowish. Sepals subequal, oblong, obtuse, Petals narrower than the sepals, oblong. Zip adnate to the base of the column, longer than the sepals, green blotched with dull purplish-brown, basal lobes егесі, trian- gular, terminal lobe oblong, with two divaricate oblong lobules and а horn-like fleshy beak pointing downwards from under the apex, upper surface with five carunculate ridges. Column short, without a foot. Anther depressed, with a prominent central ridge, pollinia ovoid, attached by a short broad caudicle to a quadrate gland. Capsule narrowly clavate, 5 to 6:5 cm. long. Lindl. беп, & Sp. Orch. 216; бегі. Orch. frontisp. fig. 3; in Bot. Reg. (1842), t. 48; Fol. Orch. 10; Bot. Mag. 4304; Walp. Ann. vi, 869; Warners Orch, Alb. vii, t. 290; Gartenfl. t. 680; Hook. f. Fl. Br, Ind. vi, 53; King & Pantling in Ann. В. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 210, t. 287. rides cristatum Wall. MSS. Æ. sp. Griff. It. Notes, 203, No. 1188.

Dehra Dun and Mussoorie range up to 4,000 feet, Mackinnon (Duthie’s No. 21785); Garhwál, Duíhies collector No. 25827; Kumaon 3 to 4,000 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom No. 21, Colonel Davidson. Flowers in May. 1+ extends eastwards to Sikkim, Bhutan and Sylhet.

4, ‘VANDA ALPINA Lindl. Fol, Orch. 10.

Stem and leaves as in V. cristata. Racemes much shorter than the leaves. Flowers solitary or in pairs, nodding, about 2 cm, long. Sepals and petals subequal, connivent, oblong, blunt, the colouring as in V. cristata. Lip adnate to the column, gibbous but not saccate or spurred at the base; side lobes shallow, rounded; terminal lobe retuse, its upper surface with shallow ridges. Column short, stout, with no foot. Anther flattened ; pollinia ovoid, caudicle subquadrate, gland transversely oblong. Capsule 7'5 cm. long, narrowly clavate. Hook. f, Fl. Br. Ind, vi, 53; King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 217, t. 289. V. Grifithii Lindl, in Paxt. Fl. Gard. ii, 22; Fol. Orch. 10 (excl. eit. Griff.). Lista alpina Lindl. in Bot. Reg. 1888 Misc. 59. j

Garhwál, T. Thomson; Kumaon 3,500 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom No. 22.

Flowers during June and July. It extends eastwards to Nepai, Sikkim and the Khasia Hills,

25. Saccolabium Blume.

Epiphytes without pseudo-bulbs. Leaves coriaceous, flat or conduplicate, often keeled. Flowers usually small, in leaf-opposed ог supra-axillary racemes corymbs umbels or panicles, floral bract minute. Sepals and petals adnate to the column, sub- equal, spreading or reflexed. Гір sessile on the footless column, consisting of a

cylindric or saccate spur, without calli and non-septate, with or without small lateral

SACCOLABIUM. 147

lobes; the apical lobe small, without a scale or callus under the short broad truncate column, often hairy. Anther 1- or imperfectly 2-celled; pollinia 2, entire or bipartite. Species about 55, inhabiting Eastern Asia. Spur cylindric, straight at ба e. 1. S. papillosum,

Spur short, wide, saccate, at right angles to the ovary. Apex of leaves not setulose, terminal lobe of lip papillose-hairy ace ... ie

Apex of leaves setulose, terminal lobe of lip fleshy

and glabrous ees ive .“ 8. S. distichum.

2. S, calceolare.

1. SaccoLABIUM PAPILLOSUM Lindl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1552 (excl. syn.).

Stems erect, clustered, rigid, stout, bearing many nearly horizontal leaves. Leaves coriaceous, 7'5 to 10 cm. long. and about 1°5 em. broad (when flattened out), conduplicate, curved, the apex truncate or deeply notched, Peduncle leaf-opposed, about 13 mm. long, bearing a sub-corymbose 4- to 8- flowered raceme. Flowers 9 mm. across, oral bract triangular. Sepals and petals yellow, barred and blotched with brown. Sepals subequal, oblong, subacute, spreading. Petals narrower than the sepals, sub- spathulate. Zip longer than the sepals, adnate to the base of the column, side lobes none, terminal lobe decurved, ovate-oblong, obtuse, crenate, upper surface transversely rugulose, white with transverse purple bars, spur half as long as the ovary and parallel to it, cylindric or slightly tapering, pale yellow, hairy within. Column short. Anther broadly conical; pollinia 2, deeply bipartite, subovoid; caudicle slender, tapering downwards to the small oblong gland. Capsule about З cm, long, fusiform, ridged, Lindl. Gen, and Sp. Orch. 222; Hook. f, ГІ. Br. Ind. vi, 63; King & Pantling in Ann, R. Bot. Gard. Cale, viii, 219, t. 290. 5. carinatum Griff. Хо, iii, 354. Acampe papiilosa Lindl. Fol. Orch. 2; Walp. Ann. vi, 873.

Dehra Dun in the Narkaunda swamp, Gamble No. 23272, Mackinnon ; Garh wál, Duthies collector Nos. 25815, 25823; Kumaon, Duthie’s collector No. 24126. Flowers during the cold season. It extends eastwards to Sikkim, Khasia, Assam, Chittagong, the Bengal Sunderbuns and Burma.

9. GSACCOLABIUM CALCEOLARE Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7302.

Stem short, pendulous. Leaves 1 to 2:8 dm. long, narrowly oblong, unequally bifid at the apex, slightly narrowed to the base. Racemes much shorter than the leaves, corymbose, many-flowered, the peduncle bearing several short sheaths. Flowers 1:6 cm. across, crowded; foral bract small, broad and blunt. Sepals and petals pale green with . large roundish brown spots. Sepals unequal, spreading; the dorsal one obovate-oblong ; the lateral pair oblong, faleate, narrower than the dorsal Petals shorter than the sepals, oblong-obovate. Lip adnate to the lower half of the column, the base forming a short wide yellow sac about half as long as the ovary; side lobes absent; terminal lobe at right angles to the sac, semicircular; its upper surface, except a triangular yellow patch at the base, pure white and covered with hair-like papilla. Column very short and thick. Anther depressed, shortly beaked; pollinia broadly ovoid-elliptie, attached by a slender caudicle to a small cordate gland. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 223; Sert. Orch., Prontisp. 6; in Bot, Бес, 1838, Misc, 139; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, 33 (ezel. sym.); Griff, Notul,

Ann. Roy. Bor. Qarn., Care, Vor. IX.

148 VANDES.

Hi, 356; Itin. Notes 170; No, 869; Ió-PL As Е 394; Walp. Ann, vi 688; Hook. f. Fl Br. Ind. vi, 60; King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Cale. viu, 225, t. 300. ZErides calecolare Smith in Rees Cyclop., Suppl. Æ. leoparcorum Wall, MSS. Gastrochilus calceolaris Don. Prod, 32. Sarcochilus nepalensis Spreng. Syst. Veg. ш, 721. Epidenarum calceolare Ham. MSS. |

Dehra Dun, Gamble No. 25689, Mackinnon; Garhwál, Falconer, Duthie’s collector No. 25814. Flowers during April and May. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim and the Khasia Hills.

3. SACCOLABIUM DISTICHUM Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, 64.

Stems 1:5 to 25 dm. long, pendulous, branching, slender, leafy, Leaves 2 to 95 em. long, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, with two, rarely three, fine sete; the base sessile and slightly oblique. Peduncles leaf-opposed, about equalling the leaves in length. Flowers two to four in a lax raceme, 12 mm. across, green, irregularly spotted with brown; floral bract oblong, subacute. Sepals and petals subequal, oblong-elliptic, obtuse. Zip about as long as the sepals, adnate to the lower half of the column, the base with a wide blunt sac at right angles to the ovary, its inner surface without hairs or ealli; side lobes none; terminal lobe yellow, semicircular, entire, smooth, fleshy, its margins deflexed, the base with two blunt conical calli. Column broad; rostellum short, broad. Anther shortly beaked in front; pollinia 2, elliptic; caudicle long, slender, cylindric; gland elongate, bifid, Capsule fusiform, about 1'5 em. long. Reichb. f. in Ot. Hamb. 43; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 64; in Ann, R. Bot. Gard. Cale. v, 49, t. 73 (in part); King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Cale. уш, 227, t. 303.

Garhwál, near Tehri, 6,000 feet, Mackinnons collector (Duthie’s No. 24196); Sub- Himalayan tract of the Bahraich district in М, Oudh, Duthie’s collector No. 23869. Flowers in April and May. It extends eastwards to Sikkim and Manipur.

26. .Cleisostoma Blume.

Epiphytes without pseudo-bulbs. Stems more or less elongated, leafy. Leaves coriaceous or fleshy, flat or semiterete, Inflorescence leaf-opposed, racemose or paniculate. Sepals and petals adnate to the column, subequal, spreading, Lip sessile on the footless column, the base with a large saccate or infundibuliform Spur, sometimes dilated at the apex, its cavity more or less closed by two calli the posterior of which is often bifid, and sometimes also by a dorsal scale, but never by a septum; lateral lobes small or absent; apical lobe thickened, concave. Column short, thick, without a foot. Aníhe'

depressed ; pollinia 2, often bifid, caudicle single, —Species about 40. Eastern Asiatic and Australian. 4

CLEISOSTOMA MICRANTHUM King & Pantling in Ann. В. Bot. Gard. Calc Vill, 29: t. 312. |

Stem stout, compressed, 7°5 to 20 cm. long, enveloped in leaf-sheaths. Leaves 6:5 to 9 сш. long, narrowly oblong, keeled, obliquely truncate and slightly bifid, the base shortly sheathed. ^ Hacemes leaf-opposed, longer than the leaves, Абано ка rachis stout. Flowers many, 5 mm, across; floral bract broad, blunt, less than half as long ағ

SARCANTHUS. 149

the short sessile ovary. Sepals and petals white with large purple spots. Sepals broadly ovate, obtuse, spreading. Petals smaller than the sepals, oblong, spreading. Lip fleshy, pink or purple, as long as the sepals; the base with a wide blunt spur adpressed to and as long as the ovary, its interior with two calli near the mouth, one on the back wall and a larger one on the anterior wall; dorsal scale absent; lateral lobes small; the terminal lobe oblong, convex, blunt, its edges thin and erose, upper surfaee smooth. Column very short, stout, without а foot, but with a large protuberance on either side of the rostellum. Anther depressed, with a long pointed beak; polinia 2, obovoid, caudicle triangular, cordate or oblong, attached to a small triangular gland. Saccolabium micranthum Lindl, in Wall. Cat. 7300; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 220; Saunder's Refug. Bot. t. 110; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 59,

Dehra Dun, Vicary, Mackinnon; Garhwál Falconer, Duthie’s collector No. 25809; Kumaon in the Gori Valley 2-3,000 feet, Duthie. Flowers during June and July. It extends eastwards to Sikkim, the Naga and Khasia Hills; also in T'enasserim.

27. Sarcanthus Lindi.

Epiphytes without pseudo-bulbs, Stems usually elongate. Leaves fleshy, terete or flat. Inflorescence extra-axillary, racemose or paniculate. Sepals subequal, all spreading or reflexed, or the dorsal concave and connivent over the column. Petals smaller than the sepals, spreading. Lip adnate to the base of the column or of its foot, rarely jointed; the base with an infundibuliform spur sometimes dilated at the apex, the interior with a callus both on the anterior and posterior wall, and always divided into two lateral compartments by a vertical antero-posterior septum; lateral lobes small, more or less triangular and acute; apical lobe small, triangular or hastate. Column short, stout, often with a foot as long as or longer than itself. Anther depressed; pollinia 2, bifid.—Species about 35, in Eastern Tropical Asia.

SARCANTHUS INSECTIFER Reichb, f. in Bot. Zeit. (1857), 159.

Stem 3 dm. or more in length, scandent, robust, flexuous, giving off on all sides elongate fibres. Leaves crowded and almost imbricate, 3:5 to 5 cm. long, distichously spreading, oblong, amplexicaul, obtusely 2-lobed, rigidly coriaceous. ^ Hacemes nearly sessile, shorter than the leaves, few-flowered, decurved, rachis thick; floral bracts minute, deciduous. Flowers 13 mm. across. Sepals and petals 3-nerved, yellowish-green striated with red. Sepals ovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute. Petals oblong. Lip broadly funnel shaped, with a ring of hairs at its mouth, tapering into a conical spur, white to rose or purple; side lobes short; terminal lobe larger than the sepals, triangular-ovate or cordate, thickened under the attenuated apex; spur septate. Column very short. Anther hemi- spheric ; pollinia sulcate, attached to a short ‚quadrate stipe broader than long; gland transverse membranous. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 68. |

Outer Garhwál hills near the Rámganga Valley, Duthie’s collector No. 25817; Sub- Himalayan tract of the Bahraich district of N. Oudh, Duthie’s collector No. 23369. Flowers in September, It extends eastwards to Behar, Cachar and Chittagong and is found also in Tenasserim.

`

150 LISTEREZ.

TRIBE IV.—LISTEREA.

Anther terminal (dorsal in Ерёрасйз), pollinia 2 or 4, cohering by their sides, with- cut candicles (except in Zpipogum), pollen powdery. Anther terminal. Pollinia 2, with caudieles, lip spurred а Pollinia 2 or 4, without caudicles, lip not spurred. Lip flat, pendulous (except in Listera mieroglotiis), sepals and petals free, leaves 2 or none а Lip concave ог convolute, not pendulous, sepals united or free. Leafless saprophytes or parasites with brown or yellowish stems. Sepals and petals united into a ventricose tube vee

Sepals and petals free.

Stem simple, flowers in terminal racemes ive ... .اڈ‎ Aphyllorchis.

Stem branched, flowers іп

panicles, bright yellow ... 32. Galeola. Not saprophytic or parasitic, stems and leaves green. Leaf solitary, radical, appearing after

28. Еріродит.

20. Listera.

دن >< +

Gastrodia,

the flowers, pollinia 2 or 4 « 33. Pogonia. Leaves several; pollinia 4, in pairs .. 34. Cephalanthera. Anther dorsal, pollinia 4, in pairs i "un ... 96. Epipactis,

28. Epipogum Gmelin.

Terrestrial leafless brown-coloured saprophytes with tuberous or coralloid roots. Scape erect, bearing a few sheathing membranous bracts. Flowers few, laxly racemose. Sepals and petals subequal, free, narrowly oblong, erect or connivent. Lip adnate to the base of the column, ovate, entire or 3-lobed, the base broad and spurred, disk with pspilose ridges. Column short, without a foot. Stigma broad, prominent. Anther thick- ened, convex, 2-celled; pollinia 2, broad, bifid, each attached to a short rudimentary caudicle, gland none. Species 3, all found in India.

Root coralloid, lip 3-lobed

1. Е. aphylium. Root tuberous, lip entire PH

254 NS ... 9. E. tuberosum.

1. Е. APHYLLUM Swartz Sumn. Veg. Scand. 32,

Whole plant 1 to 2 dm. high, glabrous. Root branching, coralloid. Seape stout often swollen above the base, bearing two or three unequal sheathing bracts. Raceme 9:5 еш. long, 3- to 6-flowered. Flowers about 2 em. across, pale yellow, floral bract longer than the stalked tumid ovary, concave, oblong-elliptic, membranons. Sepals and petals erect, connivent, narrowly cblong-laresolate, subacute. Zip large, 3-lobed; side lobes large, rounded, erose at the apex; terminal lobe deflexed, ovate, acute, concave, its upper surface with line of red gland-like warts. Spur as long as the lip, thick, blunt, dorsally

LISTERA. 151

flattened. Column stout, curved, the edges of the clinandrium lobulate. Stigma very large, occupying the anterior face of the column. Anther globose; pollinia obliquely obovoid, compressed, caudicles very slender. Boiss. Fl. Or. v, 93; Reichb. Те. Fl. Germ. xiii, t, 468; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 124; King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot, Gard. Cale. viii, 252, 334; Collett Fl. Siml, 497. Е Gmelini Rich. Orch. Eur. Annot. 36; Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 383; in Journ, Linn, бос. i, 176; Bot. Мар, 4821, барғың Epipogium Linn, Syst. Veg. 676; Jacq. Fl. Austr. i, t. 81.

Kashmir in the Liddar Valley 8-9,000 feet, C. B. Clarke No. 81109, рше collector No. 25385 and A; Sind Valley 8,500 feet, C. B. Clarke No. 30960; on the Chor near Simla 8,000 feet, T. Thomson No. 124, Collett; near Gangotri in the Bhagirathi Valley, Duthie’s collector No. 1194; near Naini Tal in Kumaon, Colonel Davidson. Flowers during September. It is found also in Sikkim and extends west- wards to Europe and W. Asia.

2. Еріровом TUBEROSUM Duthie, new species.

Whole plant 1 to 3 dm. high, glabrous. Root tuberous, not coralloid. Scape usually swollen above the base and tapering upwards, bearing a few membranous broad-based bracts. Raceme laxly 3-5-flowered, floral braet ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, entire, longer than the slenderly stalked subglobose ovary, 5-nerved. Sepals and petals 8 mm. long, broader than those of Æ. aphyllum, all 3-nerved. Гар without side lobes, 9 mm. long, its upper surface with three carunculate ridges, margins not erose. Spur as in Ж. ephyllum, but more slender and with a less rounded apex. Stigma occupy- ing a deep cavity on the anterior face of the column. Pollina globose, with caudicles equal to them in length, glands minute globular.

Kashmir, in the Sind Valley at 6,000 feet, С. В. Clarke No. 31230; Liddar Valley 8-9,000 feet, Duthie’s collector No. 25386 & A. Flowers in September.

Very similar to the preceding in general appearance, but specifically distinct by reason of its tuberous non-coralloid root, its entire lip and by the very different pollinia and column.

29. Listera R. Brown.

Terrestrial, erect, 2-leaved or leafless herbs, with fibrous roots. Leaves when present opposite or subopposite, rarely alternate, membranous, sessile or subsessile. Flowers small, racemose. Sepals and petals subeqnal, free, spreading or reflexed. Zip adnate to the base of the column, usually pendulous and longer than the sepals, narrow, the apex usually bifid, sometimes 3-fid. or entire (erect it similar to the petals in L. miero- glottis). Column stout, cylindric, usually curved forwards. Anther depressed, its lip obtuse; pollinia 2 or 4, cohering in pairs, ros/ellum short. Species about 20, inhatit. ing N. temperate regions and high elevations on the Himalaya.

Leaves 2, large, sub-opposite fis x се Т. бо. Leaves попе. Lip much longer than the sepals and petals. Lip pendulous. Petals spathulate, subacute; ovary subglobose .., 2. L. ауан. . Petals small, linear; ovary obliquely obovate ... 3. 2, Lindieyana, Lip spreading almest parallel with the curved column 8| .. вз es 2. Т, kashmiriana, ' Lip erect and similar to the petals ... ves es б. L. microgloitis,

152 LISTEREZ. 1. Listera ovata R. Brown in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v, 201.

Rhizome short, giving off numerous thick root-fibres. Stem 1 to 1:5 dm. long, enclosed within the leaf-sheaths, and with one empty sheath at the base. Leaves sessile, sub-opposi‘e, 9 to 10 cm. long, broadly elliptic, apiculate, many-nerved. Scape terete, 1 10 1:5 dm. long, puberulous, bearing а few scattered ovate acumin- ate bracts below the raceme. Маселе 8 to 15 em. long, laxly many-flowered; floral bract about as long as the pedicel, ovate, acuminate. Flowers 13 mm. long. Sepals and petals subequal in length, connivent. Sepals ovate, subacute, deep green. Petals linear- oblong, pale green. Lip sharply deflexed, twice as long as the вэра1ѕ, yellowish, linear- obovate, deeply bifid, with a minute apicalus in the sinus, upper surface with a linear nectar-secreting groove towards the base. Column stout, arching forward over the back of the anther. Rostellum prominently projecting between the anther and the fertile stigma. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 455; Boiss. Fl. Or. v, 92; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. iv, 80; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. xii, 147, t. 479; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 104. Ophrys ovata Linn. Sp. РІ. 1340. Epipactis ovata Swartz Act. Holm. 232. Neottia latifolia Rich. Orch. Annot. 37. x Mozae Juyen in Hazara, Falconer’s collector; Gurais Valley in Kashmir, 7 to 8,000 feet, Duthie’s collector No. 25359; Sind Valley in Kashmir, Duthie’s collector No. 25389(a). Flowers during June and July. Distributed throughout Europe to the Ural and Caucasus Mts.

Faleoner's Hazara specimens were gathered on the 10th of June 1838, and sixty-three years afterwards this species was rediscovered by Inayat Khan of the Botanical Department of N. India.

PrarE 117. Listera ovata R. Brown. А plant,—of natural size, Fig. 1, single flower; 2, lip; 3, side view of column with ovary and bract; 4, front view of column with ovary; 5, anther; 6, pollinia ;—all enlarged,

2. Тавтевл INAYATI Duthie in Journ, As. Soc. Bengal lxxi, part 2, 41.

Whole plant 1:5 to 2 dm, high, yellowish-brown. Rootstock emitting from its base many upturned wiry rather stout fibres. Stem stout, bearing four to six large loose blunt sheaths, those of the upper pair opposite and sub-foliaceous but not green. Raceme 6 to 9 cm., densely flowered, its rachis glandular- pubescent; floral 6ract longer than tlie pedicel, lanceolate, acuminate, with involute margins. Sepals and petals about 2 mm, long, connivent ; dorsal sepal oval, concave, the lateral pair slightly longer than the dorsal one, obliquely ovate, tapering to an obtuse apex. Petals about as long as the dorsal sepal, spathulate, subacute. Lip pendulous, twice as long as the lateral sepals, narrowly obovate-oblong, deeply cleft into two slightly spreading obtuse lobes ; upper surface with a raised linear callus extending to the sinus, Column short and stout, dilated above and below. Rostellum projecting over the fertile stigma, Anther suborbicular, its apex bifid; pollinia narrowly obovoid. Ovary subglo- bose, about as long as its stalk, glandular-pubescent.

Discovered іп 1897 by Inayat Khan at Bhurj in the Kagan Valley, Hazara, No, 22596. It flowers during July.

LISTERA. 153

A shorter and much stouter plant than Z. Zindleyana, and with shorter and more densely flowered racemes; the structure of the flower is also very different. The sub-opposite position and leaf-like appearance of the upper sheaths of this plant suggest an affinity towards Listera proper.

Р.Ате 119. Listera Inayati Duthie. Single plant,—of natural size, Fig. 1, single flower, side view; 2, front view of flower, with lip removed; 3, side view of ditto with sepals and petals removed; 4 and 5, column; 6, anther; 7, pollinia ;—all enlarged.

9. Listera LINDLEYANA King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot, Gard. Cale. viii, 258, t. 343.

Whole plant 2 to 35 dm. high. Root-fibres rather stout and brittle, ofteu forming a congested mass at the end of the root-stock. Stem longer than the raceme, stout or slender, bearing three or four loose blunt sheaths about 2:5 cm. long, nearly glabrous below, its upper portion together with the raceme glandular- pubescent. Leaves none. Flowers dull yellowish-green, 8 to 12 mm. long, Jax; floral bract ovate-oblong, varying in length, Sepals elliptic-ovate, subacute, concave, the lateral ones somewhat falcate. Petals much narrower. Lip two or three times as long as the sepals, narrowly obovate-oblong, brown, the apex cleft into two oblong or lanceolate acute lobules; the sinus broad and with a small triangular process at its apex; upper surface minutely puberulous, and with a greenish-coioured linear groove which forms a ridge on the back. Column much curved, dilated at the base and apex. Capsule 8 mm. long, broadly elliptic, often obliquely so, its pedicel about as long. Neottia listeroides Lindl. in Royle Ш. Him. Bot. 368, беп. & Sp. Orch. 458; in Journ. Linn. Soc. i, 176; Hook. f. Fi. Br. Ind. vi, 103; Collett Fl. Siml. 495. N. Lindleyana Dene in Jacquem. Voy. Bot, 163, t. 103.

Distributed throughout the Western Himalaya from Hazara to Kumaon at elevations between 5,000 and 11,000 feet, flowering from July to September. It extends eastwards to Nepal and Sikkim, and north-westwards to the district of Chitral.

4, ІЛвТЕБА KASHMIRIANA Duthie.

Whole plant about 26 dm. high. oot-fibres stout, crowded and intricate. Lower portion of glabrous stem stout, enveloped by three or four large loose blunt sheaths, Leaves none. Raceme laxly many-flowered, with a few linear-oblong acute bracts below the lowest flowers, its rachis minutely puberulous. Flowers spreading, 8 шш. long from the base of the slender pedicel to the summits of the sepals and petals, yellowish-brown; floral braci broadly ovate, acute, longer than the pedicel, clothed with minute spreading hairs. бераз and petals 2 mm. in length, connivent, sparsely hairy. Lateral sepals obliquely ovate, acuminate. Petals rather obliquely spathulate, rounded at the apex. Jip twice as long as the sepals, spreading almost parallel with the much-curved ovary and column, divided at the apex into two divergent obtuse lobules, the margins ciliate except towards the tapering base; upper surface with a stout central callus projecting into the sinus. Column 1 mm. long, arched forwards and overlapping the base of the anther. Rsstellum wide and prom- inent, projecting over the fertile stigma. Апйег sub-quudrate, 2.eelled, the dividing

Аки: Roy, Вот. Gard., Calc, Vor, IX.

154 118ТЕВЕ ДЖ.

septum projecting beyond the emarginate apex; pollima each with а small globular basal gland. Ovary curved, ovate, glandular-hairy.

Liddar Valley in Kashmir between 8,000 and 9,000 feet, Inayat Khan No. 25372, flowering in August.

This plant has the general appearance of Z. Lindleyana, but the shape of the petals and the direction of the lip is very different. It agrees with Г. Inayati as regards the shape of the sepals, and petals, but the raceme is not nearly so dense, the ovary is not globose, and the rostellum is very different. As to the existence of the pollimar gland in this species I should mention that fig. 7 of the plate is an exact representation of в pollinium after removal from the anther, in which the impressions of both glands may be seen on referring to fig. 5 of the same plate.

Prate 118, Listera kashmiriana Duthie. Entire plant,—of natural size, Fig. 1, side view of single flower; 2, ditto with sepals and petals removed ; 3, a petal; 4, column with anther and rosteilum ; 5, front view of anther ; 6, anther seen from behind; 7, pollinium ;—alf enlarged.

5. Listers MICROGLOTTIS Duthie in Journ. Ав. Soc. Beng. lxxi, part 2, p. 42.

Whole plant 2 to 5:3 dm. high. Root-fibres thick, cylindrical, brittle, pale yellowish- brown. Stem firm, stout, pale yellow or white, bearing 2 to 4 loose obtuse pale sheaths. Leaves none. Raceme 1 to 2 dm. long; its rachis and the bracts and pedicels glandular- pubescent. Flowers crowded, about 7 mm. in diam., pale green; pedicel a little longer than the ovary; floral bract equalling or exceeding the pedicel, oblong, obtuse or subacute. Sepals 4 mm. long, ovate, subacute, sparsely clothed with stiff spreading hairs, the lateral pair somewhat oblique. Petals as long as the sepals, linear-spathulate, margins reflexed. Lip erect, linear-oblong, equalling the petals in length, apex entire, margins reflexed, Column erect, а little shorter than the petals, dilated at its base and apex, overlapping he anther, rostellum prominent. Pollinia 2, obliquely obovate-oblong. Ovary with pedicel 8 mm, long. Capsule obovate, sparsely hairy; its ridges thick and often denticulate.

Discovered by Mr. Mackinnon's collector in Garhwál on the eastern side of Tehri, growing under rhododendrons and oaks at elevations between 5,000 and 60,000 feet, (Duthie's Nos. 24181, 25426 (a); also on the wooded hillsides below Mussoorie at similar elevations (No. 25426). Flowers during August and September.

This plant differs from any known species of the Neottia section by its erect and very remarkably restricted lip. It bears a certain resemblance to N. micrantha Lindl., but the sepals, petals end lip are quite different.

Prate 120. Listera microglottis Duthie, А plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, a single flower ; 2, ditto with the sepals and petals removed; З and 4, the petals flattened out; 5, lips flattened out; 6, front view of column showing the anther in situ and the rostellum; 7, side view of ditto; 8, empty anther ; 9, pollinia ;—all enlarged.

30. Gastrodia R. Brown.

Terrestrial leafless parasitic herbs of a brownish colour, with rhizomes and elongated roots. Siem erect, sheathed, Flowers in a lax raceme. Sepals connate with the petals into a ventricose 5-lobed tube slit anteriorly. Lip short, its base

APHYLLORCHIS. 155

adnate to the foot of the column and to the perianth, blade entire. Column usually long, narrowly winged, its foot short or none; rostellum small, stigma large. Anther terminal, convex, tumid; pollinia 2, subclavate, without caudicle or gland.—Species 9, Asiatic and Australian,

GASTRODIA OROBANCHOIDES Benth. in Gen. РІ. ui, 617.

Root a large oblong or ellipsoid often annulate tuber, parasitic by a small fibrous base to the roots of other plants. Stem 9:2 to 6 dm. long, usually very stout; sheaths distant, short, loose, the lowest one almost truncate, the upper acute or acuminate Жасете 2 to 3 dm, long, laxly many-flowered; floral bract linear-lanceolate, acuminate, often longer than the ovary, 3-nerved. Flowers sub-erect, light reddish-brown tinged with yellow. Perianth about 12 mm. long, ventricose and slightly gibbous, slit half-way down in front on either side of the lip to the level of the insertion of the lutter. Sepals all equal, obtuse. Petals sub-orbicular, inserted within the sinuses of the sepals and а little shorter than them. Zip longer than the sepals and about half the length of the perianth, ovate, its edges undulate, the apex concave and reflexed. Ройша obovate. bipartite, coarsely granulate, Capsule about 2 cm. long, erect, turgid. Hook. f. Ic. РІ, t. 1852; Fl. Br. Ind, vi, 122; Collett Fl. Siml. 497. Gamoplezis Fale. in Royle Ill., 364; Lindl. Gen, and Sp. Orch. 334. 6. orobanchoides Falc. in Trans. Linn. Бос, хх, 293, t. 13. |

Kashmir and on the Мштее Hills at about 7,000 feet, Aitchison; Chenab Valley, Baden-Powell; Bashahr Hills at about 7,000 feet, Lace No. 978; Simla Hills 7,000 to 8,000 feet, 7. Thomson, Gamble No, 6217; Babington-Smith; Kangra district, Duthic’s Collector No. 23343; Deoban in Jaunsar at 9,000 feet, Gamble No. 27284; Garhwal, Falconer ; Mussoorie Hills, Mackinnon (Duthie's No. 22984), Duthie’s collector No. 24163; near Naini Tal in Kumaon, F. W. Seers. Flowers in July and August.

PLATE 121. Gastrodia orobanchoides Benth. Upper and lower portions of plant,—of natural size, Fig. 1, single flower; 2, perianth, spread out; 3, side view of column and ovary; 4, front view of ditto; 5 and 6, anther; 7, pollinia; 8, capsule; 9, transverse section of ditto;—al enlarged.

81. Aphyllorchis Blume,

Terrestrial leafless herbs with rhizomes and thick roots. Stem simple, sheathed. Flowers in racemes, brown-coloured. Sepals subequal, free, erect or spreading. Petals, smaller than the sepals. Lip sessile on the base of the column, or attached to it by a short claw, as long as the sepals, oblong, sometimes auricled at the base, entire or 3lobed. Column usually rather long, not winged. Stigma anticous, concave, ovate or oblong or clavate.—Species about 6, Indian and Malayan.

APHYLLORCHIS Gottant Duthie in Journ, As. Soc. Beng. lxxi, part 2, p. 42.

A tall scapigerous parasite. Rhizome with far-extending thick fleshy roots, not scaly Scape 4 to 5 dm. high, erect, stout, bearing several unequal tubular blunt sheaths Raceme about 1 dm. long. Flowers 8 to 10, crowded, $3 cm. long; floral bract longer

Ann. Вот. Вот Garn., Carc, Vor. IX.

ТИГ LISTERE A.

than the slender clavate ovary, elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate, 5—T-nerved, at first deflexed, but afterwards erect. Sepals as long as the bracts, erect, ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, with spreading tips, their nerves dark reddish-brown on a pale-green ground. Petals shorter than the sepals, lanceolate, acuminate, pale-green veined with purple, the midribs thickened on the back. Zip slightly shorter than the petals, pale yellowish- green, attached to the base of the column by the concave winged claw; its apical portion ovate and bluntly acuminate, the margins towards the base reflexed, erosel the apex without any concavity. Column 1:2 cm, long, stout, curved and narrowed towards the base. Anthsr 2-celled, ita cells parallel. Ро ма ovate-oblong, stigma with an overlapping irregularly lobulate border.

Tehri-Garhw4l on Хас Tiba at elevations between 8,000 and 10,000 feet, W. Gollan (Duthie’s Хо. 2062), Duthi?s collector No. 23000. Flowers in August.

The original specimens discovered in 1881 by Mr. W. Gollan, after whom I have named the species, were in too young a condition even for determining the genus. Its nearest known ally is A. alpina King & Pantling, a high-level Sikkim species. It differs from the Sikkim plant in the rhizome not being scaly, the bracts become erect as the flowers expand, the racemes are much shorter, the lip is attached to the base of the column and does not form a pouch, and the epichile has no concavity at its apex.

Prats 192. Aphyllorchis Gollani Duthie, А plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, floral bract; 2, side view of flower; 3, ditto, with the sepals and petals removed ; 4, lip; 5, front view of column; 6, side view of ditto; 7, anther ; 8, pollinia ;—all enlarged.

32. Gaieola Lour.

Leafless, yellow or brown, climbing or erect herbs. Flowers rather large, in racemes or panicles on the ends of the stem-branches. “раз subequal, concave, free, connivent or spreading. Petals as large аз the sepals, or narrower or broader. Lip adnate to the base of the column and convolute round it, broad, concave, with or without lateral lobes; apical lobe large, broad. Column dilated towards the apex. Anther conical, 2-celled; pollinia 2, broad, often compressed, powdery.—Species 12; Indian, Chinese, Malayan and Australian.

GALRFOLA Fatcoyert Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 88.

Rhizome 3'5 to 65 em. thick, branching, bearing large fleshy triangular scales. Stems 18 to 30 dm, in height and about 6:5 cm. thick at the base, clothed at intervals with large ovate-lanceolate acute bracts. Panicle 6 to 9 dm. long, with lax drooping branches. Flowers bright yellow, about 455 cm. across, of a spongy texture; floral bract shorter than the short stalk of the ovary, lanceolate, concave. Sepals subequal, broadly ovate, subacute, sparsely furfuraceous like the ovary. Petals ovate, acute, edges егозе. Lip sessile, without side lobes, deeply concave. with a small fold under the column, apex rounded, the margins undulate and ciliolate; the upper surface papillose, but with a broad glabrous patch near the centre. Column stout, slightly bent forward. Anther fleshy, glabrous, its lip entire; pollinia 2, much compressed, obliquely ovate. Capsule oblong, subfalcate, sharply angled, 2:2 dm. long, somewhat furfuraccous. King &

Pantling in Апп, R, Bot. Gard. Cale, viii, 265, t. 353. Pogochilus sp. Falc. in Hook. Journ. Bot, (1842), 73.

POGONIA. 157

Garhwál, Falconer ; below Mussoorie at about 6,000 feet in wet ground, Mackinnon (Duthies No. 22726); Jaunsar іп the Tonse Valley at 4,000 feet, Gleadow. Flowers in July. Found also in Sikkim, but rare.

33, Pogonia Juss.

Terrestrial 1-leaved herbs; the jlower-scapes from the same tuber as the leaf and appearing before it or contemporaneously ; ¢uber emitting, just below the surface of the ground, 2 cr 8 runners, each producing at its extremity a tuber smaller than that of the parent. Leaf broadly cordate or orbicular, strongly plicate. Flowers solitary or in racemes, often pendulous. Sepals and petals subequal, narrow, connivent or spreading. ip sometimes saccate at the base, adnate to the base of the column, rather narrow, the lower part convolute round the column; the lateral lobes small, usually triangular; the terminal lobe flat, ovate or orbicular, entire or fimbriate. Column elongate, ‘clavate upwards; stigma anticous, oblong to orbicular. Pollinia 2 or 4, elongate, often cohering, but without either caudicle or gland.—Species about 70, in Asia and America, and a few West Indian.

Scape 1-flowered ees 9 1. P. Mackinnoni. Flowers іп racemes. Leaves many-nerved, floral bracts deflexed. Leaves glabrous ; tur апа petals large, pink ni 2. P. Gammieana. Leaves hairy on the veins, flowers smaller; sepals and سز‎ green with purplish veins ivé 3. P. flabelliformis. Leaves 7—9-nerved, floral Tem erect ... 4. P. carinata.

1. PoGoNIA Маскікхозі Duthie in Journ. Аз. Soc. Beng. lxxi, part 2, p. 43.

Tuber globose, annular and warted, about 1:2 em. in diam. Leaf and scape fre- quently from the same tuber, but not contemporaneous. Leaf about 5 cm. long and broad, with a cordate base, 7-lobed; terminal lobe acute, the others rounded; principal veins terminating at the ends of the lobes, with many less conspicuous intermediate ones; petiole 95 ст. long. Scape 1-flowered, about 10 ст. long when in flower, elongating till fruiting, enclosed within two or three rather loose tubular sheaths. Flowers spreading, shortly pedicelled, 18 mm. long; öract erect, shorter than the cylindrical truncate ovary. Sepals 17 mm, long, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, light green blotched with reddish-brown outside. Petals very similar to the sepals, but a little shorter and not so acute at the apex. Lip shorter than the petals, oblong when spread out, strongly 3-nerved, white tinged with green towards the base; side-lobes erect, acute; terminal lobe irregularly spotted with purple. Column slender, 7 mm. long. Anther broad, margins of cells toothed. Pollinia 2, narrowly clavate, connate above their slender tapering bases.

Near Mussoorie between 5,000 and 6,000 feet, Mackinnon (Duthie’s Nos. 21781, 22705). Flowers during May and June, and the leaves appear about three weeks later,

158 ` LISTEREA.

This species is very similar in habit to Р. macroglossa King & Pantling,?but the leaves are more distinctly lobed; the flowers are smaller and spreading, and the shape of the lip is ver different.

Prate 123. Pogonia Mackinnoni Duthie, А flowering plant and а leaf-bearing plant, —of natural size. Fig. 1, a flower; 2 ditto, with sepals and petals removed ; 3 lip, spread out; 4 column and ovary; 5 anther; 6 pollinia ;—all enlarged.

2. Poconta GaMMrEANA Hook. f. in Bot. Mag. t. 6671.

Tuber about 3 cm. in diam., globular, warted. Leaf 1:2 to 1°5 dm. in length and breadth, reniform, abruptly apiculate, glabrous, many-nerved, its edges much undulate; petiole about as long as the blade, sheathed at the base. Scape 1:5 to 2 dm. high, stout, bearing two or three long tubular bracts with acute and sometimes bifid apices. Raceme laxly 5 to 8-flowered. Flowers 2:5 em. long, drooping, pink streaked with white, floral bract deflexed, longer than the truncate stalked ovary, linear-lanceolate, acuminate; stalk and ridges of ovary winged. Sepals and petals subequal, spathulately oblanceolate, acuminate, sub-connivent. Lip slightly saccate at the base, elliptic-obovate when spread out, pale green; lower half convolute round the column and with two short triangular forward-pointing side lobes, the disk bearing two parallel ridges; epichile spreading, its edges deeply crenulate, the disk hairy and bearing three parallel central ridges, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 120; King & Pantling in Ann. . R. Bot. Gard. Calc. viii, 269, t. 359.

Siwalik range, Duthi2?s collector No. 24194; Dehra Dun, Mackinnon, Duthie’s collector No. 24195; Garhwál, Falconer, Duthie’s collector No. 25829. Below Mussoorie аб about 8,000 feet, Mackinnon (Duthie’s No. 22975); Kumaon at Bagesar 3,500 feet, Strachey $ Winterbottom No. 19 (Eulophia). Flowers in May and the leaves are full grown during July. It is found also in Sikkim, in hot valleys.

3. PoGoNIA rLABELLIFORMIS Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7400.

Tuber globose, about 2 cm. in diam., annulated, often warted. Leaf 4 to 10 еш. in diam., appearing after the flowers, orbicular-cordate, cuspidate, many-nerved, often blotched with reddish-purple, hairy on the veins when young; margin undulate, petiole 1 to 2 dm. long, sheathed at the base. Scape stout, 1:5 to 8 dm. high, its lower portion enclosed within loose tubular blunt hyaline sheaths. Raceme laxly 4-6-flowered; floral bract linear-lanceolate, acuminate, more than twice as long as the ovary, reflexed, persistent, hyaline, Flowers about 2:2 em. long, pedicelled, drooping. Sepals and petals linear-lanceolate, acuminate, somewhat recurved, pale green veined with reddish-purple; the petals rather shorter than the sepals. Zip 15 mm. long, 3-lobed near the middle, white tinged with yellow towards the base and conspicuously veined with purple; the upper surface with many hairs on the raised central ridges; side lobes erect, obtuse; terminal lobe deflexed, ovate, obtuse, the margins slightly undulate. Column 7 mm. long, curved from near the base, dilated upwards. Ovary 4 mm. long, oval-oblong. Capsule about 18 mm. long, the ridges winged. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 415; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, 45; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 191. Р. Nervilia Blume Mus. Bot. i, 32. Р. carinata. Wight Је, 1720 (not of Шай). Nervilia Aragoana Gaud. in Freyc. Voy. Dot. 422, t. 85.

CEPHALANTHERA. 159

Near Mussoorie at elevations between 4,000 and 6,000 feet, Mackinnon, Duthie Nos. 21782, 22704, 92976; Tehri-Garhwél 4 to 5,000 feet, Falconer, Duthie No. 580. Flowers during June and July. It extends eastwards to Parasnath in Bengal and to Burma, and is found also in the Marianne Islands and in Timor

The plant mentioned by Dalzell and Gibson in Bomb. Fl. 270 under the name of P. flabelli- formis as growing “in the densest and shadiest thickets of the Konkan, as well as near Dharwér” is probably P. carinata.

PrarE 125. Pogonia flabelliformis Lindl. A flowering plant and а foliage plant, —of natural size. Fig. 1, side view of single flower; 2, ditto, with the sepals and petals removed; 3, lip, spread out; 4, column and ovary; 5, upper portion of column; 6, anther; 7, pollinia ;—a// enlarged.

4. Ровоміл CARINATA Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 414.

Tuber globose or obovate, about 17 ст. in diam., annulated and warted. Leaf 9'0 to 65 ст. in diam., ovate, acute or cuspidate, cordate or cuneate at the base, 7—9-nerved, glabrous; petiole 2:5 to 5 cm. long, sheathed at tbe buse. Scape up to 3 dm. high, bearing three or four loose tubular acute or acuminate sheaths. Raceme laxly few- or many-flowered, floral bract twice as long as the pedicelled ovary, erect, lanceolate, acuminate, 5-nerved. Flowers about 2:5 cm. long. Sepals and petals about equal, spreading, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, green. Jip 18 mm, long, straight, trough-shaped, not saccate at the base, 3-lobed above the middle, white tinged with yellowish-green, veins pink; upper surface hairy on the central ridges and veins; side lobes erect, rather shallow, terminal lobe not deflexed, ovate, acuminate, its margin irregularly toothed. Column 6 mm. long, very slightly curved, dilated at its apex. Anther triangular, beaked in front. Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, 45 (excl. syn, Griff.) Р. flabelliformis Dalz. and Gibs. Bomb. FI. 270 (not of Lindley). Epipactis carinata, Roxb. Fl. Ind. ii, 454.

In the Sub-Himalayan tracts of Northern Qudh in the districts of Bahraich and Gonda, Диме» collector Nos. 23864, 93864(а), Rámganga Valley іп Kumaon, 7. Thomson. Flowers during May, and the leaves appear about a mouth later. This species extends eastwards to Bengal and Burma and southwards to Bombay and S. India.

Рглте 124. Pogonia carinata Lind, А flowering plant and a foliage plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, side view of flower; 2, lip, spread out; 3, side view of lip and ovary; 4, column and ovary; 5, upper portion of column, with the anther in situ; 6,

anther ;—all enlarged.

34, Cephalanthera Richard.

Terrestrial leafy herbs with fibrous roots, or leafless and with tuberous roots. Leaves sessile, plieate. Flow:rs in spikes or racemes, suberect. Sepals and petals sub- similar, free, connivent. Гір shorter than and concealed by the sepals and _ petals, adnate to the base of the column, the basal portion concave or saccate and embracing the column; anterior portion short and ribbed. Column semiterete; rosfellum short or almost obsolete. Anther erect; pollinia 2, bipartite. Stigma enticous, Capsule erect.— Species about 10, in temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere.

160 LISTERES. CEPHALANTHERA ENSIFOLIA Rich. Orch. Annot. 29,

Stem rising from a thin creeping rhizome, 1'5 № 4 dm. high, sheathed at the base. Leaves lanceolate ог ovate-lanceolate, conduplicate, 5 to 10 dm. long, upper longer and narrower than the lower. Peduncle 2:5 to 3'8 em, long. Raceme longer than the peduncle, 8- or more-flowered, glabrous. Flowers white, about 12 mm. long; floral bract ovate-lanceolate, acuminate or acute, shorter than the ovary. Sepals ovate- lanceolate, acute. Petals somewhat smaller, elliptic, obtuse. Zip oblong, white with yellow spots, distinctly divided across the middle by an oblique sinus into a hypo- chile and epichile, the former convolute and slightly ribbed; the latter concave and prominently ribbed. Column long, terete. Pollinia linear-oblong, grooved. Lindl- Gen. and Sp. Orch, 412; in Journ. Linn. Soc. 1, 172, 175; Boiss. ЕІ, Or. v, 85; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 125; King & Pantling in Ann. К. Dot, Gard. Cale. viii, 271, t. 869; Collett Fl. Siml. 497. С. Xyphophyllum Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. xiii, t. 470, С, acuminata» Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7405; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 412; Wight Ic. 1721; Dene in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 164, t. 164.

Abundant all over the Western Himalaya from Kashmir to Kumaon at elevations between 6,000 and 12,000 feet, 1% flowers from May to July, and extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim and Bhután.

35. Epipactis Adans,

Terrestrial herbs with green leaves and fibrous roots. Leaves sessile, plicate. Flowers racemose, drooping; floral bracts elongating and often leafy. Sepals and petals broadly lanceolate, acuminate, strongly nerved, р adnate to the base of the column, distinctly divided into hypochile and epichile, the hypochile strongly deflexed, concave or saccate, jointed to the epichile at a right angle, both entire. Column short; stigma large, anticous ; rostellum broad, prominent. Anther erect, obtuse, its cells contiguous; pollinia 2, bipartite, very narrow.—Species about 10, in the Northern ‘Temperate Hemisphere.

Flowers usually in dense racemes, hypochile globular-saccate, epichile

ovate-cordate ... .. ove ... ... 24 Е. latifolia. Flowers distant. : Hypochile trough-shaped, epichile lanceolate 5% ... 2. Ж, consimilis.

Hypochile broadly saccate, ерісе ovate-lanceolate, acuminate ... 2. E. gigantea.

1. Epipactis LATIFOLIA All. Fl. Pedem. ii, 152.

Stem up to 9 dm. in height, slender, glabrous below, the upper portion including the peduncle and raceme puberulous. Leaves 7:5 to 13 cm. long and from 5 to 7°5 cm. in breadth, smaller upwards, orbicular to ovate-lanceolate or ovate-elliptic, acute, many- nerved, glabrous, but the margins often ciliolate. Raceme 1 to 3 dm. long, many- flowered, usually dense. Flowers subsecund, 1:3 to 2 em, across, green; floral bracts linear- lanceolate, acuminate, the lowermost large and leaflike. Sepals lanceolate, acuminate. Petals like the sepals but smaller. Lip shorter than the petals; the hypochile forming а subglobose sac, reddish-brown inside; epichile broadly cordate, with erose edges, üpper surface with usually two globose calli near its base. Column short and broad, white ; stigma broad, Staminodes triangular. Swartz in Act, Holm. for 1800, 232; Lindl. Gen.

EPIPACTIS. 161

and Sp. Orch. 461; Boiss. Fl. Or. v, 87; Reichb. Ic. Fl. Germ. xiii, p. 146, tt. 184- 186; Hook. f. Fl. Br, Ind. vi, 125; King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. vii, 271, t. 363. Е. macrostachya Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7404. Е. consimilis Don. Prod. Fl. Nep. 28, not of Wall. Е. Dalhousie Wight Ic. 1723.

Common throughout the Western Himalaya at elevations between 5,000 and 11,000 feet. Flowers during July and August. It extends eastwards to Nepal and Sikkim, and is found also in N, Asia, Japan, Hongkong, Europe and N. Africa.

Var. 1. herbacea Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. l.c.; smaller; leaves elliptic, acute; raceme, short, dense-flowered; flowers 1:3 сш. in diam, glabrous, pale greenish-white. Е. herbacea Lind], іп Royle Ш. 368; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 462.

Near Mussoorie, Royle; also in Upper Burma.

Var. 2. Thomsoni Hook. f. in Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 126; a small slender plant with lanceolate leaves, the margins not ciliolate; raceme lax, floral bracts deflexed; flowers 13 mm. in diam., glabrous. Е. macrostachya Wight l.c. 1722 (not of Lindl.).

Western Tibet 10 to 11,000 feet, 7. Thomson; near Naini Tal in Kumaon, Duthie’s collector No. 24088.

2. Ерірастів CoNSIMILIS Wall. Cat. 7403 (not of Don).

Height of whole-plant 3'5 to 6 dm. Stem glabrous, Leaves 1:5 to 2 dm. long, lanceolate, acuminate, the uppermost shorter and much narrower, nerves prominent. Raceme 1 to 1'5 dm. long, laxly flowered, its rachis tomentose, Flowers 2 to 2°5 cm, across; jloral bract ovate or linear-lanceolate, varying in size. Sepals spreading and pubescent outside, unequal, concave; the dorsal one lanceolate, acute; lateral pair much wider. Petals ovate, acute, tomentose outside on the thickened midrib. Zip a little shorter than the sepals; hypochile trough-shaped, bearing granular unequal calli inside, with two larger obtuse semi-transparent nectar-exuding ones near the apex; epichile lanceolate, with erect lobes, the upper surface with a median ridge terminating below the white apex. Column stout, much curved. Stigma large, subrotund, with two glands on the lower margin. Anther tumid, Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 126; King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 272, t. 364; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxvi, 48. E. veratrifolia Boiss. & Hohen. Diagn., Ser. 1, xiii, 11; Boiss, Fl. Or. v, 87; Lindl. in Journ, Linn, Soc. i, 174,

Gilgit district, Winterbottom No. 956; Chitral district, Duthie’s collector Nos, 16673, 16674; Bashahr, Lace No. 352; near Simla, 3,000 feet, Collett; N.-W. India, Royle; Garhwál, Falconer; below Mussoorie, Mackinnon (Duthie’s No. 22720); Dehra Dan, Duthie Nos. 10783, 22720, Gamble, Mackinnon; Kumaon 3,000 feet, Strachey & Winter- bottom No. 51. Flowers during February and ‘March. It is found in Nepal and ‘Sikkim at low elevations and occurs also on the Shan Hills in Upper Burma. In the Gangetic Plain it is met with along the banks of the Jumna Canal distributaries near Saharunpur. It grows also in the Peshawar Valley and in the Kurram Valley, and extends through Afghanistan westwards to Syria, and is also found in China.

The sepals of this plant are clothed with white hairs on a deep lavender: ground; inside they are green, as are both surfaces of the petals, and are marked with broad bands of reddish-brown; the hypochile of the lip is purple, and the epichile is pale brown, the apex being pure white.

Ann. Roy. Bor. Garp., Carc, Vor. IX.

162 LISTEREZ. 3. EPIPACTIS GIGANTEA Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor, Amer. ii, 202, t. 202,

Stem З to 6 dm., clothed at the base with broad loose sheaths. Leaves 1 to 1:5 cm. long, ovate-lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, the margins and nerves beneath scabrous. Racemes 1 to 2 dm. long, the rachis pedicels and ovaries puberulous. Flowers drooping, distant, pedicelled, 2*5 cm. in diam.; öracts longer than the flowers, lanceolate, acuminate, the lower ones large and leaf-like, Sepals and petals about 2 сш. long, connivent, Sepals green veined with red; dorsal sepals erect, broadly ovate; the lateral pair ovate- lanceolate, subacute. Petals rather shorter, obliquely ovate, obtuse, often veined with red, Lip longer than the sepals; hypochile large, saccate, much broader than the ovate or ovate-lanceolate epichile. Column stout with two bluish lateral horns below the clinandrium. Capsule 2-3 em, long, obovate-oblong. S. Watson Bot, King’s Exped, 341; Bot. Calif. iij 137; Coulter Bot. Rocky Mt. Flora 243; Hemsl, Biol. Cent. Amer. Bot, їп, 304; Lindl. in Benth. РІ, Hartweg. 53; Bot. Mag. РІ. 7690; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxvi, 49. Е. americana Lindl. in Ann. Se. Nat. iv, 385; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 462. E. Royleana Lindl. in Royle IH. 368; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 461; in Journ. Linn. Soc. i 174; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 126; Collett Fl. Siml. 499. Cephalanthera Royleana Regel іп Act. Hort. Petrop. vi, 490; Boiss. Fl. Or. v, 85.

Kagan Valley in Hazara between 8,000 and 12,000 feet, Duthie’s collector ; Baltistan at 8,000 to 9,000 feet, 7. Thomson, Duthie No, 12075; plentiful also in Kashmir and eastwards to Kumaon at elevations between 7,000 and 11,000 feet. Flowers during July. It extends eastwards to Nepal апа Sikkim, and beyond the N.-W. Frontier it is found in Waziristan, and in the neighbourhood of Gilgit and Samarkand. It occurs also in China and in N. and Cent. America.

SPIRANTHES. 163

TRIBE V.—GOODYEREA.

Anther posticous, vertical but inverted; pollinia two, or four in two pairs, attached to a single gland either by one or by two caudicles, or without а caudicle ; pollen granular or sectile.

Stigma single, anticous; pollinia 2, or 4 in two pairs Spike spirally twisted, lip not saccate, pollinia 4 . . 36. Spiranthes. Spike not twisted, lip saccate, pollinia 2 . . . . . 37. Goodyera. Stigmas 2, distant, lateral pollinia 2, bipartite (4 in Anoectochilus Roxburghii) Lip saceate or eymbiform at the base . . . . . . 88. Zeuzine, Lip spurred, its apex deeply 2-lobed . . . . . . 39. Anæctochilus.

36. Spiranthes Richard.

Terrestrial herbs with tuberous or fibrous roots. Stem leafy. Leaves (in the Indian, species) linear. Flowers small, secund, in a spiral spike. Sepals subequal, free or some- times cohering with the petals to form an erect hood, the lateral pair gibbous at the base. Lip erect, entire or 3-lobed, the base concave, but neither saceate пог spurred, the disk bearing lamell or calli. Column short, terete. Stigma single, broad, anticous; rostellum erect, obtuse or elongate and bifid. Anther erect, 2-celled; pollina 4, united in pairs, sessile on a small gland. Species about 80, in temperate and tropical regions.

Roots fibrous, leaves lanceolate, radical А la Ио ھا‎ S$ SIMON. Roots tuberous, leaves ovate all radical . . . . . . . . 2, 8, autumnalis:

1. SPIRANSHES AUSTRALIS Lindl. in Bot. Reg. sub. t. 823,

Whole plant 12 to 45 dm. high. Root-fbres thick and fleshy. Stem stout or slender. .Leaves alternate, clustered near the base of the stem, 3:5 to 10 em. long, shortly sheathing, linear or oblanceolate, acute or acuminate. Peduncle with a few distant very acuminate bracts. Spike 7-5 to 15 em. long, rachis glandular-pubescent. Flowers very small, crowded, secund, arranged in а spiral, white or pink; floral bract ovate, longer than the sessile ovary; регатй 3 to 5 mm, long. . Sepals Subequal, ovate- oblong, with broad bases and acute reflexed tips. Pedals smaller than the sepals, linear, obtuse, their apices reflexed. р oblong, erisped, its base saccate and biglandular, the apex sub-quadrate, truncate, erose. Column short. Rostellum pointed. Stigma broad Capsule about 12 mm. long, fusiform, ridged, pubescent. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch, 464; in Journ. Linn. Soc, i, 178; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 270; A. Rich. in Ann, Se. Nat. Ser. 2, xv, 78; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 102; King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 2978 t. 869; Collett Fl. Siml. 495; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxvi, 4l. 8. flexuosa and S. parviflora Lindl. in Bot. Reg. under t. 823. S. amena Bunge Enum. Pl. China 63. 5. nove-Zelandie Hook. £. Fl. New Zeal. 243. Neottia australis К. Br. Prod. 319; Don Prod. Fl. Nep. 27. М. crispata Blume Bijdr. 406

Ann. Roy. Вот, Garn., Carc, Vor. IX.

164 GOODYEREZ.

М. flexuosa and №. parviflora Smith in Rees’ Cyelop. М. sinensis Pers. буп. ii, 511. N. amena Bieb. Fl. Taur. Cauc. iii, 606, Gyrostachys australis Blume ЕІ. Jav. 107, tt. 37, 38. Spiranthes Griff. Notul iii, 384; Ic. РІ. As. t. 348.

Throughout the Western Himalaya up to 10,000 feet. It flowers all through the summer. Eastwards, in India, it extends to Nepal, Sikkim and Assam. I is found over the greater portion of Peninsular India, and beyond the N.-W. Frontier it extends through Afghanistan to Europe, N. Asia and China; it occurs also in N. America, Java, Australia and New Zealand.

2. БЫВАМТНЕЗ AUTUMNALIS Rich. in Мет Mus. Par, iv (1818), 59.

Glandular-pubescent. Root of two fleshy fusiform ог subcylindric tubers 1'5 to 3:5 em. long. Leaves in a tuft at the side of the flowering stem, arranged on a very short lateral stem that flowers in the following year, 2:5 to 3°5 cm. long, ovate, acute, cuneate at the base. Spike stout, twisted, its length with peduncle 1 to 1°5 dm.; floral bract ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, longer than the ovary. Flowers secund, greenish-white, variable in size, but usually larger than those of S, australis. Sepals and petals connivent, hairy outside. Zip oblong-panduriform, glabrous, with two glands at the base, crenu- late along the apical margin. Reichb. Ic. Pl. Germ. xiii, 150, t. 474; Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 469; in Journ. Linn. Soc. 1, 277; Boiss. Fl. Or. v, 90. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 103. Ophrys spiralis Linn. Sp. Pl. 945. Neottia spiralis Swartz Act. Holm. 226.

Lohuaghát in Kumaon between 4,000 and 5,000 feet, T. Thomson, flowering in May. This species was collected in Afghanistan by Griffith, and is found in many parts of Europe between the Caucasus and the Atlantic Ocean.

37. Goodyera R. Br.

Terrestrial leafy herbs. Stem decumbent below, erect above. Leaves usually rather thick, with wide sheaths and usually petioled. Flowers small, numerous, in terminal and sometimes secund spikes or racemes, Sepals subequal, often pubescent outside; the dorsal concave and, with the petals, forming a hood over the column, the lateral pair free, subconnivent or spreading. Zip attached to the base of the column, entire, saccate or cymbiform at the base; apical lobe small, usually acute and decurved, the basal sac with sete calli or ridges inside, rarely smooth. Column short, the rostellum projecting. Anther usually pyriform, with a long erect beak; pollinia usually 2, clavate, sessile on a large or small gland. Stigma undivided, anticous.—Species about 36, in Europe, Asia, N, America, New Caledonia and the Mascerene Islands.

Stem tall; up to 7'5 dm. in length, leafy upwards; flowers in dense spikes CX eu MA SUM. 7 Stem not exceeding 3 dm. in length, flowers in more or less lax racemes. Lip not setose within, leaves basal. Sac of lip quite smooth within, not projecting beyond wO Dis of the ЫН у, o. x. ¿ Lu Sac of lip with 2 ridges inside, projecting beyond the bases of the sepals . . . у,

1. 6. procera.

2, 0. repens.

ое О ЛИЙ.

GOODYERE. 165

Lip setose within. Leaves more or less distant on the stem, not cordate at

the base. Stem elongate, floral bracts much exceeding the riage ری‎ vuU Ux sU I V $ Mlle Stem short, floral bracts shorter than the very large secund flowers . 254% 2. G. biflora Leaves subradical, cordate at the base . . . . . . 6. G. cordata.

1. GoopvERA PROCERA Hook. Exot. Flora +. 39.

Stem 2'9 to 755 dm., glabrous, enveloped іп the wide lax leaf-sheaths. Leaves many, long-petioled ; petiole 3*5 to 75 cm. long, stout and with a broadly sheathing base; blade 7:5 to 15 cm. long, elliptic or ovate-elliptic, tapering at each end, acute or acuminate, Peduncle bearing many lanceolate acuminate bracts, glabrous below, pubescent above, spike 1:5 to 20 em. long, many and densely flowered, the rachis pubescent. , Flowers minute, subglobose, white tinged with green; floral bract ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, pubescent at the edges, equalling the glabrous ovary. Sepals subequal, broadly ovate, obtuse, sub-connivent, glabrous. Petals cuneately obovate, clawed. Lip a little longer than the sepals, with a large saccate base; its upex decurved, triangular, acute, entire ; interior of basal sac with two rows of long sete on the sides and an oblong callus at the apex of each row. Column very short, with a transverse depression below the broad anticous stigma. Anther broadly pyriform. obtuse; pollinia clavate-cylindrie, sessile on the small oblong gland. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 493; in Journ. Linn. Soc, i, 183; Royle Ill. 368; Don Prod. Fl. Nep. 28; Wight Ic. 1729; Hook. f. Fl. Вт, Ind. vi, 111, King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. viii, 282, t. 378; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxvi, 45. 6. carnea A, Rich. in Ann, Se. Nat. ser. 2, xv, 80, Cionisaccus lanceolatus Breda Orch. Kuhl. et Hassk. t. 1. Cordylestylis foliosa Fale, in Hook. Journ. Bot. iv (1842), 75. Neottia procera Кет. in Bot. Reg. t. 639.

Dehra Dun, Mackinnon’s collector; in the Sub-Himalayan tract of the Bahraich District іп N. Oudh, Duthie’s collector No. 23862; Outer hills of Garhwál and Kumaon up to 8,000 feet. Flowers during May. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Sylhet and to the Khasia and Naga Hills; southwards it is found in Central and 8. India; it occurs also in China, Honkong and Java.

2. GOODYERA REPENS В. Brown in Ait. Hort. Kew, ed. 2, v, 198,

An evergreen stoloniferous herb, 1 to 2 dm, high. Stem glabrous, leafy below and braeteate above. Leaves elliptic ог ovate-elliptic, subacute, petioles sheathing in the lower half, blade 1:2 to 25 сш. long, green reticulated with white. Bracts of upper part of stem and on the peduncle linear, convolute. Raceme 2:5 to 5 cm. long, subsecund, its rachis and the bracts and ovaries sparsely pubescent or nearly glabrous. Flowers globular, 95 mm. across, white flushed with brownish-pink; i floral bract linear-lanceolate, longer than the ovary. Sepals subequal, ovate, acute, connivent. Petals about as long as the sepals, obliquely cuneate—oblong, falcately acute at the apex, the edges slightly erose-dentate. Zip about as long as the sepals, saccate at the base, apical lobe short, ovate, subacute, concave, the edges somewhat undulate;

166 i 6000 Д:

the sac not setose within. Column short, without processes; stigma orbicular, rosteiium shield-shaped. Алле” obovate, beaked; pollinia clavate, sessile on the large oblong— quadrate gland. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 492; in Journ. Linn. Soc. i, 183; Reichb. Ic. РІ. Germ. xiii, 155, t. 482; Ledeb. Fl. Ross. ту, 80; Bois, FL Ok v, 90; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 111; King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 279, t. 370; Collett Fl. Siml. 496; Rolfe in Journ, Linn. Sec. xxxvi, 45. G. marginata Lindl, іп Wall. Cat. 7394, Gen. and Sp. Oreh. 493, in Journ, Linn. Soc. i, 183. Satyrium repens Linn. Sp. Pl. 1339.

Widely distributed throughout the Western Himalayan area at elevations between 7,000 and 10,000 feet, flowering during July and August. It extends eastwards from Kashmir to Sikkim, E. Tibet and China, and through Afghanistan to Europe and N. Asia, occurring also in N. America.

In G. marginata of Lindley the leaves are uniformly green, the raceme is longer and more compact and the slenderly acuminate floral bracts are much longer than the flowers. I am inclined to believe that it will prove to be a distinct species. 6. repens (proper) enters India from the direction of Europe through Afghanistan to Kashmir, and is found again in Sikkim, whence it extends to China, whereas G. marginata occupies the intermediate area of the Himalaya between Simla and Nepal.

3. Goopyrra FUSCA Lindl. in Wall Cat. 7395.

_ Whole plant 2:3 to 3 dm. high. Stem glabrous, with the leaves clustered near the base and bearing upwards several oblong acute leaf-like bracts 2 to 25 cm. long. Leaves thick, 2:5 to 3:8 em. long, 5-nerved, veins anastomosing, edges sub- revolute ; petiole broad, widely sheathing at the base. Peduncle longer than the stem, pubescent. Raceme many-flowered, not secund, its rachis and the bracts pubescent. Flowers. white tinged with green and yellow, floral bract ovate-oblong, subacute, longer than the pubescent ovary. „Sepals connivent, subequal, oblong, subacute. Petals falcately linear-oblong, subacute. Jip as long as the sepals, its subglobose sac exserted beyond the bases of the sepals, smooth within; apical lobe suddenly narrowed into a deflexed linear beak which is strongly ridged within. Column very short; the stigma broad, orbicular, convex. Anther convex, shortly apiculate; pollinia broadly ovoid, eaudicle none, gland огђісшаг. Hook. f. Ic. Pl 2181, Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 112; King & Pantling in Ann. R, Bot. Gard. Cale. vii, 280, t. 871. Иена fusca Lindl. Gen.

ee Sp. Orch. 491; in Journ. Linn, Soe, i, 184. Cystorchis fusca Benth. in Gen. . lii, 569,

Harung in the Upper Sutlej valley, Munro No. 2117; Kuári Pass in British Garhwál at 19,000 feet, Duthie No. 4432; N, Kumaon, Duthie’s collector No. 24084. Flowers in August and September. It extends eastwards to N epal and Sikkim,

4, QGoopyERA FOLIOSA Benth. ex Hook. f. Fl, Br. Ind. vi, 118.

Siem decumbent at the base, 1'5 to 3 dm. long, leafy upwards. Leaves distant, green, 6°5 to 9 cm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, often very oblique, tapering to the slightly expanded sheathing petiole, 3-5 nerved; margins undulate, Рейтер 95 to 5 сш. long, pubescent, bearing many lanceolate acuminate sheathing bracts. Raceme 4 to 75 cm. long, the rachis, floral bracts and ovaries glandular-pubescent. Flowers

GOODYERA. 167

many, pink or tiuged with orange, much shorter than the narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, 3-nerved floral bracts. Sepals 6 to 10 mm. long, connivent, subequal, ovate-oblong, subacute, connate at the base. Petals very obliquely rhomboid, acute clawed, Jip as long as the sepals, saccate at the base and tapering into the subacute orange and white apical lobe, sac hispid within. Column and rostellum rather long, Anther erect, oblanceolate; pollinia narrowly clavate, grooved, united below and sessile on a long oblanceolate gland. Stigma concave, Hook, f. in Ann, Bot. Gard. Calc. v, 61, t. 91. Georchis foliosa Lindl. Сеп. and Sp. Orch. 496. Goodyera sp. Griffith. Itin. Notes 36, No. 591. Notul. iii, 396, Хо. 11; Ic. РІ. As. 346, f. 1.

Near Mussoorie, in oak forests on northern slopes, at about 5,500 feet, P. W. Mackinnon; in flower during November. Found also in Sikkim, Assam, on the Naga and Khasia Hills, and in Burma and Perak.

5. Goopyera BIFLORA Hook. f. Ic. Pl. 2188.

Roots thick and cord-like. Stem 5 to 75 cm. long, stout, leafy upwards, usually tinged with red, sometimes decumbent and rooting from the nodes. Leaves 9*5 to 5 em long, ovate, obtuse. ог subacute, dark bluish-green on the upper surface finely veined with white, the lower surface paler and with a tinge of. red; the petiole 6 to 12 mm. long, dilated. Spike 2 to 8-flowered, not much longer than the leaves; rachis stout, pubescent; floral bract 2°2 cm. long, exceeding the slender pubescent ovary, reddish tipped with green, puberulous above. Flowers large, secund, white tinged with yellow and pink. Sepals narrowly lanceolate, 3-nerved; the dorsal one 2:5 cm. long, recurved at the apex; lateral pair a little shorter than the dorsal, nearly straight, connate at the base. Petals linear-lanceolate, faleate, closely applied to the dorsal вера]. Lip white tinged with yellow, shorter than the sepals, saccate at the base and with a long recurved beak twice as long as the sac; margins membranous, undulate ; sac setose within. Column concave in front. Rostellar arms and anther very long and slender. Pollinia on long slender connate caudicles; gland linear, nearly half as long as the combined caudicles, Capsule 2:5 cm. long. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 114; Collett Fl. Siml. 496. Georchis biflora Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7379; Gen. and Sp. Orch, 496.

Song in the Upper Sutlej Valley, Brandis ; Simla Hills at about 6,000 feet, Brandis, Gamble No. 4649; between Mussoorie and Simla 4,000 to 5,000 feet, Edgeworth; Mussoorie range 6,000 to 7,000 feet, Mackinnon, Duthie Nos. 24164, 25408. Flowers in August. It has been found also in Nepal by Wallich.

PrarE 127. Goodyera biflora Hook. f. А plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, single flower; 2, petals; 3, side view of young flower, with sepals and petals removed; 4, vertical section of lip; 5, apical portion of lip, spread out; 6, ovary and column, showing the anther in situ; 7, rostellum; 8, anther; 9 and 10, pollinia ;—a/ enlarged,

6. GOODYERA соврлта Benth. ex Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 114. А rather slender plant, 1 to 3 dm. high, sometimes decumbent, quite glabrous

except the scape and bracts. Roots thick, cord-like. Zeaves four or five, sub-radicai, 2'5 to 65 em. long, ovate, cordate, acute, rather fleshy, glaucous-green, paler beneath,

168 GOODYEREX.

nerves impressed on the upper surface; petiole dilated, the free portion about half the length of the blade. Spike puberulous, 4- to 6-flowered, the lower portion bearing a pale narrow sheathing cuspidate bract. Flowers suberect, about 2:4 cm. long, green tinged with brownish-yellow or red; flowering bract overtopping the buds, lanceolate, acuminate, edges papillose. Sepals fleshy, boat-shaped, and with cucullate tips; the dorsal one erect, 13 mm. long, lanceolate and gradually tapering to the blunt apex, 3-nerved ; the lateral pair deflexed, a little shorter than the dorsal, 5-nerved. Petals thin, equalling and appressed to the dorsal sepal, dimidiate-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, Lip about as long as the dorsal sepal, rhomboid-ovate, many-nerved, setose on the broad sub-saccate base; terminal lobe reflexed, triangular, acute. Column stout, with projecting cheeks. Arms of rostellum and anther long and slender. Pollinia elongate. tapering below into the long slender connate caudicles; gland linear adnate to the caudicles. Hook. Ic. Pl. 2187. Georchis cordata Lindl. Gen. & Sp. 496 (excl. habitat); Reichb, f. in Gard, Chron. 1879, u, 520.

Near Mussoorie on wooded slopes facing the north at about 6,000 feet, Mackin- non’s collector No, 25409. Flowers in September. Previously known only from the Khasia and Naga Hills, and in Perak,

Puare 126. Goodyera cordata Benth. А plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, single flower; 2, ditto, with the sepals and petals removed; 3, lip; 4 column, showing the rostellum and stigma; 5, back view of ditto, showing the anther in situ; 6, pollinia; all enlarged.

38. Zeuxine Lindl.

Terrestrial herbs with succulent glabrous stems, decumbent at the base. Flowers small, in racemes or spikes. Sepals subequal, the dorsal one concave and forming a hood with the petals, the lateral pair free. Lip adnate to the base of the column, eymbiform or saccate; apical lobe shortly clawed or sessile, entire 2-lobed or with narrow decurved lobules, the sac at the base with calli or lamin inside. Column very short, anterior surface with lamellar or conical processes. Stigmas 2, lateral, distant, rarely united. Anther membranous, its cells contiguous; pollinia, pyriform, attached by an oblong gland to the erect rostellum.—Species about 15, in Tropical Asia and Africa.

ZEUXINE SULCATA Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch, 485.

Whole plant 5 to 25 cm. high. Stem and peduncle glabrous. Leaves 2 to 7 ош. long, linear, acuminate, sessile оп the hyaline truncate sheaths, gradually passing into the linear bracts higher up. Raceme 1:5 to 5 cm. long, densely flowered, glabrous; floral ғас? ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, much longer than the ovary. Flowers about 1 cm. long, white or pink, Sepals unequal; the dorsal one ovate, concave; the lateral pair obliquely lanceolate, connivent. Petals faleately oblong, obtuse, forming with the dorsal sepal a hood over the column. Tap yellow, as long as the sepals, cymbiform and saccate at the base, bearing inside the sac two inward-pointing teeth and two narrow lamelle uniting at the mid rib; terminal lobe short, sub- quadrate entire or bifid. Column very short, with two wings at its apex covering

ANCECTOCHILUS. 169

the anther. Rostellum with two short stout parallel arms. Anther depressed, very shortly beaked, covered by the wings of the column; pollinia attached within the tip of a linear appendage of the gland, Capsule ellipsoid, about 13 mm. long. Lindl. in Journ. Linn, Soc. 1, 186; Griff. Мо. ш, 396; Ic. Pl. Ав. t. 349; Blume КІ. Jave 55; Miquel Fl. Ind. Bat. iii, 723; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 106; King & Pantling in Ann. В. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 286, t. 381; Tokutaro Ito in Bot. Mag. Tokyo xiv, t. 2. Zeuxine bracteata, Z. brevifolia and Z. robusta Wight Ic. 1724 bis, 1725, 1726. Z. membranacea Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Oren. 486; in Journ. Linn. бос. i, 186; Blume Fl. Тау» 56. Z. Tripleura Lindl. in Journ. Linn. Soe. 1/466; Z. integerrima, Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 486; Blume Fl. Java 55, t. 19 and 23C ; Miq. Fl. Ind. Bat. їп, 723. 2. emarginata Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 185. Z. pro- cumbens Blume КІ. Jave 56, t. 22, f. З and t. 28B. Tripleura pallida Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7391; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 452. Adenostylis emarginata and А. integerrima Blume Bijdr. 414, t. 17. Plerygodium sulcatum, Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 459,

Dehra Dun in wet ground, Mackinnon (Duihie’s No. 22977), Gamble No. 26478, Below Mussoorie at about 5,000 feet, Proudlock. Flowers during February and March. Abundant in grassy places throughout the greater portion of Года. It

is found also in Afghanistan, Ceylon, China, Japan, Java, and in the Philippines.

39. Anoectochilus Blume.

Terrestrial herbs with succulent stems decumbent at the base and with stout hairy roots. Leaves thick, ovate or lanceolate, with petioles sheathed at the base, peduncle and rachis of spike or raceme glandular-pubescent. Sepals free, unequal ; the dorsal smaller, ovate, and with the beaked petals forming a hood over the column; lateral pair free or united at the base, spreading, larger than the dorsal. Тір adnate to the end of the column by a long-toothed or pectinate rarely entire claw, saecate or spurred at the base, the sac produced beyond the bases of the sepals or quite covered by them, its interior with two tooth-like or laminar calli; terminal lobe with two large diverging lobules. Column short, appendaged in front. Anther 9-сейей; rostellum twisted; pollinia 2 and bifid, rarely 4, clavate, lamellate, narrowed into pseudo-caudicles, or attached to true caudicles and inserted on a narrow gland. Stigmas usually two, one on either side of the rostellum, or united into а transverse band on the column beneath it, rarely single and undivided.—Species | about 40, natives of India, China and of the Malayan and Pacific Islands.

Anacrocuitus Вохвовани Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7387.

Height of plant not exceeding 3 dm. Stem decumbent at the base, Leaves several, near the base of the stem, 3 to 6'5 em, long, ovate or ovate-oblong, acute, glabrous, shortly stalked, purplish-red with a velvety lustre, tinged along the centre with yellow and pink, and veined with yellow. Peduncle glandular-pubescent, bearing three to five short oblong acuminate bracts. Аасете much shorter than the peduncle, Flowers two to five, about 3 cm. long, resupinate; floral brac about half as long as the sessile cylindric ovary, and like the ovary glandular-hairy. Sepals unequal, pale-pink, glandular-hairy, dorsal one broadly ovate, acuminate, its apex recurved; the lateral pair oblong,

Ann. Roy. Bor. Gard., Сатс., Vor. IX.

‚170 GOODYEREJE.

acute, Petals smaller than the sepals, obliquely oblanceolate, pale pink or white their apices hooked. Lip adnate by its base to the face of tbe column, aad with two calli; claw unequally fimbriate; terminai lobes linear-oblong, blunt, spreading and re- curved. Spur conical, as long as the lateral sepals, with two large wart like pro- cesses inside. Appendages ou the frount of the column large, parallel, extending from the ovate fleshy rostellum to the spur. S#gmas two, small, elliptic, Anther acuminate; pollinia four, clavate, in two pairs, united at their bases and both attached to a lanceolate gland. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 499; Royle Ш. 3.8; Blume Flor. Jave 41, t. 12 B, fig. 2; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 95; King & Pantling in Ann. В. Bot. Gard. Cale, viii, 293, t. 390; Collett. Fl. Siml. 494; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. бос. xxxvi, 42. Chrysobaphus Roxburghii Wall. Tent, Fl. Nep. 97; k 24.

Below Simla at about 5,000 feet, Madden, Collett; оп the Chur near Simla, Royle; Kedarkanta in Tehi-Garhwál, Royle. Flowers during July and August. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, Assam, Sylhet, Manipur and China.

*

ORCHIS. 171

TRIBE VI.—OPHRYDEX.

Anther-cells sessile on the column, anticous or (in the Indian species of Satyrium) lateral, free or contiguous, but паја distinct, parallel or diverging, often with tubes from their bases, each with a staminode on its outer surface ; жй two, rarely four, usually with caudicles and always with glands; glinds naked or enclosed in the same pouch or in two distinct pouches. Siigmas two, distinct or united below the anther-cells 7 pollen granular or sectile, not waxy.

Lip inferior; spur single, rarely none. Rostellum not prominent (except in Herminium gramineum). Lip with usually а long spur (very short in а few species of Hahenrria). Flowers purple, pink or سس‎ white; polliniar glands often

enclosed in a pouch . . as ç ы es 40. Orchis. Flowers green or yellowish-green, 9 white едан ان‎ with long tubes, polliniar glands neked . . . 4l. Habenaria

Lip with no spur or with a very short one; flowers green, windy ЖЫЙ. anther-cells with long tubes, pli glands naked, (Usually diminutive plants) . . 49, Herminium. Rostellum very prowinent (see ites Bas minium ИИ ; leaf soft, radical, broad; flowers purple or white, lip spurred . . . . . . 43. Hemipilia, LM رو اہ‎ SOUS LWO . . vo. e e. ,. ا‎ А

40. Orchis Linn,

Terrestrial erect leafy herbs with oblong or digitately lobed tubers, or with fleshy fibrous roots. Laws sheathing, not plicate. Flowers medium-sized, usually pink or purple, in spikes or racemes; floral bract small, or leaf-like and exceeding the flower. Sepals subequal, the dorsal one conniving to form a hood with the petals, the lateral pair spreading. Petals like the sepals or smaller. Lip adnate to the base of the column, spreading or pendulous, entire or 3-lobed, rarely 4-or 5-lobed, always spurred. Colum~ very short. Antier-clls two, anticous, parallel, contiguous, without tubes; pollinia usually attached to caudicles ; glands two, distinct or united, lying in a common pouch or naked. Siaminodcs rugulose, attached to the outer surfaces of the anther-cells or to the column by their sides. Atigmas united into a transverse band lying across {һе column for its whole breadth, or distinct and at the margins of the column (as in 0. habenarioides).—Species about 80, in Europe, aud in the temperate parts of Asia and N. Africa; also in N. America and in the Mascerene Islands.

Stem stout, leaves three or more, lip entire or obscurely 3-lobed. Flowers large, purple lilac or occasionally white, polliniar glands enclosed

in а pouch. , 1. 0, latifolia. Flowers much edit, e or یت‎ Vide. еске өші» free | and exposed . . SAL ç 2. 0. hahenarioides .

Stem slender, leaves one to TR i ‘distinctly 3- (б лы < ا ےم‎ H О. Chusun.

Stem slender, leaf usually solitary and near the base of the stem. Stigmas united, р 3-lobed, spur longer than the ovary . . . . , Stigmas distinct, lip entire, spur shorter than the ovary . . . . . .

О. Stracheyi. О. spathulata,

$e

Ann. Вох. Bor. Garp., Carc, Vor. IX.

472 0217177,

1. ORCHIS LATIFOLIA, Linn. Sp. РІ. 941.

Tubers palmate. Stem 3-9 dm. high, usually fistular, leafy upwards. Leaves many, егесі, up to 12 em. long, oblong linear-oblong or lanceolate, tip concave, Spike 2*5 to 15 em. long, cylindric, dense-flowered. Flowers about 1:8 cm. from the apex of the dorsal sepal to the tip of the lip, purple (occasionally lilac or white); floral bract linear-lanceolate, acuminate, usually much exceeding the flowers. Sepals and petals acute or obtuse; the lateral pair of sepals ovate, reflexed. Гр oblong or rhomboid, entire crenate or very obtusely 3-lobed, usually spotted with darker purple, sides deflexed; spur stout, equalling or shorter than the ovary, straight or curved. Royle Ill. 367 ; Reichb. f. Fl Germ. xii. t. 50; Boiss. Fl. Or. v, 71; Hook, f, Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 127; Collett Fl. Siml. 499; Krnzl, Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 146. 0. latifolia В indica Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch, 260. О. Hatagirea Don. Prod. 23; Wall. Cat. 7062.

Abundant throughout the Western Himalaya at elevations between 8,000 and 12,000 feet. Flowers from June to September according to the elevation and aspect. It extends as far East as Nepal, and westwards from Afghanistan to N. Africa and Europe; also in N. Asia.

According to Lindley, 0. Hatagirea represents the Indian form of this variable species. It has entirely the habit of the European О. latifolia and, like it, produees a smaller-flowered form, which may be compared to О. cruenta. Its Пр is sometimes rounded and not at all lobed, and sometimes slightly 3-lobed. 16 also varies considerably in the shape of the leaves and in the colour of the flowers. The leaves of the Himalayan form are usually not at all spotted.

2. ORCHIS HABENARIOIDEs, King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 302, t. 401.

Height of plant 3 to 5 dm.; ¿er digitate. Stem clothed at the base with unequal tubular sub-acute sheaths. Leaves four or five, scattered, sessile, 5 to 19:5 em. long, elliptic-oblong to linear-oblong, sub-acute, slightly narrowed to the rather long sheath. Spike 4 to 12 em, long, cylindric, densely flowered. Flowers about 7 mm. across, pink or occasionally white; floral bract longer than the curved beaked ovary, herbaceous. Sepals sub-equal, broadly ovate, puberulous, the dorsal forming a hood with the petals; lateral pair spreading and somewhat reflexed, acute. Petals shorter than the sepals, rhombic-orbicular, minutely apiculate. Lip adnate to the base of the column; the apex broad and with a shallow terminal lobe, the upper surface quite smooth; spur as long as the ovary, laterally compressed, curved and slightly clavate, puberulous inside. Column broad. Anther-cells parallel; pollinia obliquely elliptic-obovate ; eaudicles short, without pouches; glands Egulate, truncate. Staminodes large, suborbicular, rugulose, lying on either side of the caudicles. Stigmas united into a narrow transverse band heneath the opening to the spur. Capsule 1 cm. long, ovate-oblong. Gymnadenia cylindrostachya Lindl, in Wall. Cat. 7056; Gen. and. Sp. Orch. . 278; Royle Ill. 367. G. Orchidis and violacea Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 272. - Platanthera Orchidis Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7039A. Habenaria Orchidis Hook. f. Fl, Br. Ind. vi 142, Peisrtylus Orchidis Krnzl. Orch, Gen. and Sp. i, 515.

ORCHIS. 173

Hazara at 11,800 feet, Duthie’s collector No. 20192; Kashmir, Clarke No. 29239; Liddar Valley in Kashmir 10,000 to 12,000 feet, Duthie Nos. 13147, 13185, Duthie’s collector No, 21373; Upper Chenab Valley at 10,000 feet, Baden-Powell No. 319 ; Lahul, Нау; Pangi, Stolickza, Duthie’s collector No. 23341; Chansil range іп Tehri Garhwál between 12,000 and 13,000 feet, Osmaston (Duthie’s No. 24187); Jumna Valley between 8,000 and 9,000 feet, Duthie No. 525; Кай Valley in N. Kumaon between 10,000 and 11,000 feet, Duthie No. 6008; Баат Valley, Duthie’s collector No. 24120. Flowers during August. 1% extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan,

3. Овснів Оноѕол Don Prod. Fl. Nep. 23.

Whole plant 1 to 4 dm. high, Zwber small, elliptic, entire. Stem with two blunt tubular sheaths at the base, upper portion above the leaves naked. Leaves 3'5 to 75 long, linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, not narrowed to the ‘sheathing base. Spike 2°5 to 10 cm. long, few- or many-flowered, secund, Flowers purple or white; 10 to 18 mm. across (vertically); flora! braci green, lanceolate, acumindte, equalling the fusiform ovary. Sepals oblong, obtuse; dorsal erect; the lateral pair recurved. Petals broadly and obliquely ovoid, their bases truncate. Zip longer than the sepals, deeply 3-lobed, the lobes equal, oblong, obtuse, the lateral ones diverging ; spur stout, cylindric or clavate, as long as the ovary. Column short. Anther-cells parallel; pollinia ovoid-globose, slightly narrowed to the long tapering caudicle; glands small, each lying in a small pouch. Staminodes large, ovate, pointed. Stigmas united into a large concave surface under the anther-cells, Hook. f, Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 127; King & Pantling in Ann. К. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 303, t. 402; Krnzl. Orch. беп, and Sp. i, 153; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxvi (1903), 49. Gymnadenia Chusua Lindl. in Wall. Cat, 7058; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 280. 6. puberula Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7059.

Punjab Himalaya, Chamba State, at 11,000 feet, Lace No. 1992; near Mussoorie, King; Byans in N. Kumaon between 11,000 and 12,000 feet, Duthie No. 5998(a). Flowers during July and August. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim, Eastern Tibet and China,

Lace’s Chamba specimens represent a slender form of this variable species. The leaves are solitary and linear-lanceolate, and the flowers are solitary or in pairs. It differs from the type chiefly in the shape of the lip, the lobes of which are much broader than usual.

4. Orcnts Әтваснеуі Hook. f, Ic, Pl. 2197B; КІ. Br. Ind. vi, 198,

Height of plant 6 to 12 cm. Rhizome without tubers (as in 0, spathulata), Leaf solitary, radical, petioled, elliptic or obovate, Scape naked, few-flowered. Floral bract large, ovate-oblong, obtuse, longer than the ovary. Sepals and petals spreading. Lip longer the sepals, broadly cuneate, trifid to the middle, the lobes obtuse, equalling or longer than the ovary, incurved, obtuse. Krnzl. Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 154. : |

Rogile in Garhwál between 9,000 and 10,000 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom (No. 35 Gymnadenia puberula).

174 OPHRY РЕЖ.

This species which appears to be intermediate between 0. spathulata and О. Chusua, may possibly, as Sir Joseph Hooker suggests, be a hybrid, with the solitary leaf of the former and tho flowers of the latter.

5. Овснів SPATHULATA Reichb. f. ex Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, |127,

Whole plant 5 to 20 em. high. Stem proceeding from a thin rhizome, with one or two loose blunt tubular sheaths at the base. Leaf usually solitary and at the base of the stem, with rarely a second one higher up,. oval to narrow-elliptic or spathulate, tapering into a long petiole; blade 2:5 to 7:5 em. long. Асар? rather stout. Spike short, 1-4 flowered. Flowers purple or occasionally white, about 13 mm. in diam.; floral bract longer than the flower, leaf-hke, lanceolate, sub.acute. Srpals sub equal; the dorsal ovate, obtuse, conniving with the petals to form a hood; lateral. pair oblong, sub-acute, spreading. Petals shorter than the sepals, faleately elliptic, obtuse. Lip equalling the sepals, broadly elliptic or obovate, entire or obscurely 3-lobed, tho edges crenulate; upper surface slightly pubescent, with many shallow grocves extend- ing from the base nearly to the apex; spur stout, obtuse, about half as long as the ovary. Ром pyritorm, a little longer than the rather stout tapering caudicles; glands elliptic enclosed in a pouch formed from the rostellum. S/aminodes small, rugulose. Stigmas distinct, elliptic, widened at the lower end and attached to the margins of the column. Hook. f. Ic. Pl. t. 2197A; King & Pantling in Ann. В, Bot. Gard. Calc. viii, 501, t. 400; Кіп, Orch. Gen, and Sp, i, 155; Rolfe in Journ. Шап, Soc. xxxvi (1905), 50. Cymnadenia spathulata Lindl. Gen. and Sp. 280; Royle TH. Him. Bot. 367.

Kedarkánta іп Garhwál 11,000 to 12,000 feet, Rayle; Ganges Valley below Gangotri between 12,000 and 13,000 feet, Duthie Nos. 194, 615; Кай Valley іп М. Kumaon at 15,000 teet, Duthie No. 5998. Flowers from June til August, Found also on the Sikkim Himalaya and extending through Е. Tibet to China.

41. Habenaria Willd.

Terrestrial Icafy herbs with undivided or lobed tubers or fleshy root-fibres. Leaves not plaited, their bases sheithing. Flowers in racemes or spikes. Sepals subequal, the dorsal often connivent with the petals to form a hood over the column; the lateral pair spreading, reflexed or deflexed, or sometimes erect. Petals smaller or larger than the sepals, entire or 2-cleft. Lm adnate to the base of the column, entire, 3-lobed or 3- partite, its base spurred. Anther-cclls adnate to the front of the short and usually broad column, discrete, rarely touching, parallel or divergent below, their bases often prolonged into tubes containing the caudicles, Staminodes represented by two granular more or less conspicuous projections on the outer side of each anther-cell, rarely elongate. Pollinia two, clavate or pyriform, usually grooved, sometimes 2-partite; caudicles varying im length, sometimes absent; glands exposed, flat and discoid, or elliptic or globular, or elongate with truncate ends (conjoined and enclosed within processes of the 2-lobed rostellum іп A. secundiflora). Stigmas two, distant from each other or united io form

HABENARIA.

175

a belt across the face of the column.+Species about 400, eosmopolitan in temperate

and tropical regions,

Sect. т. Arr.—Petals bipartite, lip 3-partite, Spur equalling the ovary, slender, upturned Spur shorter than the ovary, clavate, 4еЙехей Sect. п. PrATYGLOssA.—Petnls entire; side lobes broad, Side lobes of lip deeply pectinate. Stigmas not produced; flowers large, white, spur 24 times longer than ovary oes А Stigmas prominent, flowers medium-sized, Anther-tubes short, spur about as long as the ovary.

Petals and lip white, spur stout, funnel- shaped, its apex clavate and curved outwards

Dorsal sepal and petals ото, lip white; spur slender, ہے‎ curved inwards ...

Anther-tubes long, N upright, бё longer than the ovary.

Stigmas _linear-lanceolate, spreading, petals gibbous on outer edge at the base

lip 3-lobed or 3-partite ;

apical lobe narrow,

Stigmas long, slender, cylindrical, eurved

upwards and inwards | ... sos Side lobes of lip entire. Spur twice as long as the ovary sh 97% Spur equalling the ovary. Leaves radical =a sas "o

Seape leafy upwards бесі. іп. Trimeroctossa.—Petals entire; lip side lobes very narrow and often filiform.

Anther-tubes long. Spur much exceeding the ovary Spur equalling the ovary soe е Anther-tubes short. Leaves 3 or more. Leaves not margined, flowers green Leaves pale-margined, flowers yellow % Leaves 2. Leaves radical, orbicular, cordate, margined ... Leaves not radical, sub-opposite, orbicular, cuspi- date, not margined ... Sect. 1v. Hotoctocsa.—Petals entire; lip narrow, entire ог with minute База] lobes (tridentate at the apex іп H. viridis). Stigmas conj. ined. Flowers secund, staminodes as long as the anther- 8 ose Flowers not метрй, staminodes بت‎ qute Өле

vee s..

м

48.

Н. stenopetala. Н. digitata.

H. Susanne,

Н. pectinata.

77. ensifolia.

Н, arietina. H. intermedia. H. longifolia.

H. plantaginea. H. triflora.

H. commelinifolia. TH. pubescens.

H. furcifera, H. marginata. Н. diphylla.

Н. Aitchisoni.

H. боб.

176 OPHRYDE.

Stigmatie processes distinct, Spur longer than the ovary, eiu Petals yellow, erect; spur rather stout, usually

upturned ... . 19. Н. Edgeworthii. Petals green, spreading; ; spur 0 و‎ deflexed ... ... 20. Н, latilabris,

Spur much shorter than the ovary, ВНЕ es 91. Н. densa, Stigmatie processes none. Lip linear, spur much longer than the ovary - 22. Н. arcuata, Lip oblong, its apex tridentate; spur much shorter than the ovary . 25. Н. viridis. Sect. v. Pxrristytus.—Petals entire, lip ون‎ or not at all longer than the sepals, 3-lobed; spur very short, often sub-globose. Flowers green, Leaf solitary, lip flat 24. Н. fallax. Leaves 2 or 3, lower half ‘of lip SRD. 25. Н. Elisabethe. Flowers white, leaves clustered above the middle of

the stem. Leaves narrowly lanceolate or elliptic, acute, tubers glabrous +.. ... 96. Н. Lawii. Leaves ovate or ovate- elliptie, tubers 755 Flowers in a lax subsecund spike ... 27. H. goodyeroides. Flowers in a dense cylindrical spike ... 98. Н. constricta.

Sect, vi. Puyiiostacuya.—F lowers large, in the axils of sheath- ing leaves, petals entire; lip broad, entire, petaloid, spur conico-infundibular ; э processes попе, rostellum obscure m © . 29. H. galeandra. Sect. уп. Dievra.— Flowers small, secund, lip 3-fid., spur in- flated, pollinia sessile on a single large obcordate gland seated in a sinus of the broad 2-lobed rostellum, stigmatic process small DT š ... 80. H. secundiflora, бесі. уш. Dirurix.—Flowers small, seound, tubule, sepals _ petals and lip coherent at the base; lip oblong, 3-fid, base saccate ; staminodes 2, filiform, capitate, inserted on the back of the anther, stigma a transverse cushion, rostellum a transverse plate below the anther ... 81. Н. Griffthi.

1. HABENARIA STENOPETALA Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 324.

Height of whole plant 3 to 105 dm.; basal third of stem clothed with tight fitting sheaths. Leaves distributed over the upper two-thirds of the stem, 7:5 to 20 cm. long, oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, acute, the edges undulate, amplexicaul or sheathing and usually broad at the base, membranous; the upper ones much smaller and bract-like. Raceme 1 to 2'3 dm., densely йоне. Flowers 2 to 2% ст. across, pale green; floral bract lanceolate, тетет about as long as the slender stalked ovary. Sepals subequal, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, spreading or reflexed. Petals shorter than the sepals, linear, their bases produced downwards below the point of insertion. Lip 3-partite, as long as the petals, brown ; segments narrow, fleshy, the central one horizontal; basal pair usually shorter, deforo ; spur slender, as long аз the

HABENARIA. 177

stalked ovary, compressed, 2-ridged, upturned. Column stout. Anther-cells erect, distant, parallel, narrow, with long tubes; pollinia oblong, with long slender curved caudicles attached to minute glands. Síaminodes ovate, rugulose, on the outside of each anther- cell and stigma. Sigmas two, oblong, with slightly divergent blunt apices, placed below the anthers and at the margins of the month of the spur. Capsule linear- oblong. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 184; in Ann. В. Bot. Gard. Cale. v, t. 95; King & Pantling in Ann. В. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 308, t. 404. Krantzlin ia Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvi, 162; Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 358.

N.W. India, Royle; Mussoorie 5 to 6,000 feet, Duthie, Mackinnon [Duthie's No. 22980(a)]; below Mussoorie 4,000 feet, Gollan; below Naini Tal 3,000 feet, С. W. Hope. Flowers in September. It extends eastwards to Bengal, Sikkim, Assam and the Naga Hills.

2. HABENARIA DIGITATA Lindl, Gen. and Sp. Orch. ۰

Height of plant 3 to 5 dm, Stem stout, cylindrical, lower portion clothed with close-fitting sbeaths. Leaves 4 to 6 cm. long by 3 to 4 em. broad, collected chiefly towards the middle of the stem, broadly lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-nerved, the edges much undulate. Raceme laxly many-flowered, about 1 dm. Jong, elongating in fruit, Flowers subsecund, about 13 mm. in diam., green; floral bract narrowly lanceolate, longer than the slender ovary, pale-margined. Sepals unequal, the dorsal one erect, suborbicular, its apex bluntly acuminate and recurved, minutely pustulate on the back; lateral pair rather longer, deflexed, subfalcate, with slender filiform recurved tips. Petals deeply 2-partite; segments linear, fleshy, white towards the base and with slender recurved green tips. Jip 3-partite, the lateral segments a little longer than tke petals; midlobe linear, straight, longer than the decurved lateral, ones, Spur shorter than the ovary, laterally compressed and clavate towards the apex. Anther-cells distant, divaricate, with prominent incurved tubes. Staminodes globose, tuberculate, bright green, placed outside and at the base of each anther-lobe; polliniz 2, obliquely ovate іп outline; caudicles slender, dilated towards their bases and attached to small ovate brownish-yellow glands. Stigmatic processes subcylindrical, blunt, recurved, the entrance to the spur lying between their bases. Dalz, & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 267; Krantzlin in Engl. Jahrb. xvi, 67; Orch. Сеп, and Sp. i, 270; Hook. f, Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 134 (excl. H. trinervia Wight). H. Gibsoni Hook. f. Ic. Pl. 2319; Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 135. Bonatea punduana Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7063, В. benghalensis Griff. in Calc. Journ. Nat, Hist. іу, 382; B. herbacea Wall. MSS.

Kashmir, Falconer; Dehra Dun in sà] forests, Mackinnon (Duthie's Хо, 22728), Kansrao (Dehra Dun), Duthie’s collector No. 21177 ; Mussoorie Hills, Hugel, Duthie, 637 (1877), Mackinnon (Duthie’s Nos. 21758, 22178); Bageswar in Kumaon, Duthie’s collector No. 24063. Flowers during July. It extends eastwards to Bengal and Assam and southwards to Bombay and S. India and Tenasserim; also found in N. Australia.

Н. trinervia Wight, which in the “ Flora of British India" has been reduced to this species, although closely allied, differs sufficiently to justify its separation. The leaves of the former are more scattered and extend higher up the stem towards the raceme; the lateral sepals are erect and have not the slender almost filiform tips of H. digitata; the lobes of the petals are not decurved, and the three lobes of the lip are nearly parallel and about equal in length. The flowers of H. digitata have a peculiarly pungent odour resembling that of Valeriana W allichit. г

Axx. Roy Вот. Garp, Сл1с., Vor. 1X.

178 0۶ 770 Z.

Puare 128. Habenaria digitata Lindl, A plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, front view of a flower; 2, back view of ditto; 8, side view oi ditto, with the perianth removed; 4, column, showing the anther, the pollen tubes and the staminodes; 5, pollinia ;—all enlarged. In the plate the name Habenaria digitata has been scored out in error.

3. HABENARIA SUSANNE R. Brown Prod. 819.

Height of whole plant 6 to 8 dm. Tubers elongate, 6 to 9 сш. long. Stem stout, with many blunt funnel-shaped sheaths on its lower portion. Leaves mostly on the middle portion of the stem, 5 to 15 cm. long and 3 to © cm. broad, ovate-oblong, obtuse; the upper ones bract-like, acuminate, imbricate. Raceme 3 to 5— flowered, floral bract longer than the ovary, cucullate, acuminate. Flowers sessile, 7 to 10 em, in diam., white tinged with greenish-yellow, fragrant. Sepals spread- ing, very broad; the dorsal one suborbicular, about 4 cm. in length and breadth ; lateral pair sub-quadrately oblong, obtuse, Petals linear-falcate, acute, thick. Lip about as long as the sepals, fleshy; side lobes very broad, truncate, deeply pectinate ; midlobe linear, spathulate, with recurved edges. Spur very long, more than twice the length of the elongate ovary. Anther very broad and large; cells divergent; tubes long, adnate {о the sides of the column; pollinia linear, curved, about as long as their flexuous caudicles; glands ovoid, fleshy, white. Staminodes linear, prominent. Sigmatic processes large, blunt, not projecting; rostellum confluent with the face of the column.

Royle Ill. 367; Blume Biidr. 402; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 137; Collett Fl. Siml. 501. H. gigantea Don Prod. 21; Bot. Mag. t. 3374; Grah. Cat. Bomb. РІ. 201. Platanthera Susanne Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 295; Wight Ie, 920; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 269; Krnzl. Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 601; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc, xxxvi (1903), 57. P. gigantea Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7052. P. robusta Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7036; Gen, and Sp. Orch. 295. Orchis Susanne Linn, sp. РІ. 939. 0. gigantea Smith Exot. Bot. t. 100. 0. altissima Herb. Ham.

Simla Hills below 6,000 feet, Lady Dalhousie, Collett; Siwalik range, Royle; Mussoorie range below 6,000 feet, Falconer, Mackinnon, Duthie No. 22981; Garhwál, 3,000 to 5,000 feet, Duthie Nos. 1195, 2066; Kumaon 5,000 to 6,000 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom No. 39; near Naini Tal, Colonel Davidson; Kali Valley in E. Kumaon, Duthie Nos, 3410, 24062. Flowers during September. It occurs in the hilly districts of Bombay and 8, India, also on the Naga and Khasia Hills, extending eastwards to Upper Burma and China.

Prats 129. Habenaria Susanne, R. Br. Upper portion of plant, —of natural size; an entire plant,—reduced in size. Fig. 1, side view of flower, with the sepals and lateral lobes of lip removed; 2, front view of column; 3, pollinia ;—a/l enlarged.

4. HABENARIA pectivata Don Prod. Fl. N ep. 24.

Height of whole plant up to 3 dm. Stem stout, quadrangular, the angles more or less winged. Leaves 6 to 8 cm. long and 1°5 to 2 em. broad, ovate-lanceolate, acutemine, often recurved at the apex, strongly 3-nerved. Flowers 95 cm. across

HABENARIA. 179

arranged in a compact secund raceme; bracts leaflike, longer than the flowers, Sepals green, their margins pale; dorsal erect, broadly lanceolate, obtuse, 3.nerved: the lateral pair narrower, spreading, subfalcate, mucronate on the back below the reflexed tips. Petals forming a hood with the dorsal sepal, falcately oblong, obtuse, white. Дїр longer than the lateral sepals, 3-partite, pure white; midlobe linear, қ little longer than the deeply pectinate side lobes. Spur longer than the ovary, stout, funnel-shaped at the base, its apex curving outwards. Aníher-cells distant ; pollinia bipartite, each attached by a short slender caudicle to the flat oval gland, the caudicles supported by vertical flattened hyaline projections of the rostellum. Stigmatic processes 4 mm. long, linear-clavate, stout, tilted upwards, grooved along their upper surfaces. Capsule sessile, fusiform. strongly ribbed. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch, 321; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 137 (in part); Krnzl in Engl. Jahrb. xvi, 193 (in part); Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 405 (in part, and excl. var, artetina); King & Pantling in Ann, В. Всё, Gard. Cale. viii, 310 (in part, and excl. + 406). Collett FI. Siml, 501. Н. Gerardiana Wall. Cat. 7031. Orchis pectmata Smith Exot. Bot. ii, 77, t. 99.

Chamba district of the Punjab Himalaya at about 4,000 feet, Lace No. 1815: Simla Hills, Lady Dalhousie, Т. Thomson, Collett, etc. ; Mussoorie Hills 5,000 to 7,000 feet, Duthie Nos. 527, 21753, Mackinnon; Lansdowne in British Garhwál 4,000 to 5,000 feet, Roberts; Kumaon between 5,000 and 7,000 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom No. 45, Colonel Davidson, Duthie Nos, 3409, 24056, Flowers during July and August. It extends eastwards to Nepal. |

This is rather a rare species, as compared with И. ensifolia. Both these species turn. black when dried, and are then sometimes rather difficult to distinguish, but when fresh they should not be confounded.

Рілте 130. Habenaria pectinata Don, Portion of plant,—of natural size, Fig, 1, front view of single flower; 2, side view of ditto, with the sepals and petals removed; 3, front view of column; 4, anther (spread out), showing the stigmatic and rostellar processes; 5, pollinia ;—-all enlarged.

5. HABENARIA ENSIFOLIA Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7080.

Tubers elongate. Stem 6 to 75 dm. high, robust, leafy, lower portion bearing several long acute tubular sheaths. Leaves distributed chiefly towards the upper portion of the stem, 7:5 to 15 em. long, oblong to linear-lanceolate, acuminate, amplexicaul at the base, strongly 3-nerved, diminishing in size upwards. Raceme 1 to 2 dm. long. Flowers green, 91 to 3'8 cm. across; floral bracts leaflike, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, much longer than the rather slender and straight ovaries. Sepals unequal, erect, their tips recurved; dorsal lanceolate; the lateral pair rather wider, subfaleate and acute. Pe:als forming a hood with the dorsal sepal, narrowly and falcately oblong, obtuse or acute, pale green, ciliolate on their outer margins, Дїр a little longer than the sepals, 3-lobed pale green; margins of side lobes deeply pectinate; midlobe rather shorter, linear; spur laterally compressed, dilated towards the apex, about as long as the ovary, sigmoid or geniculate. Anther-cells divergent, elongate. Pollinia narrowly elliptic, grooved, their caudicles as long as themselves, slender and curved; glands minute, discoid. Stigmatie processes linear, elongate, divergent. Capsule nearly sessile, fusi- form, thickly ribbed. Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 821; Collett Fl. Siml. 504, fig. 165;

Ann. Roy. Bor. Gan», Carc, Vor. IX.

180 OPHRYDE.E.

Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soe. xxxvi (1903), 58. Habenaria pectinata Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 137 (іп part and not of Don); Krnzl. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvi, 193 (in part); Orch. Gen. and Sp. 405 (in part and excl. var. ariedina); King & Pantling in Ann. R, Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 310 (in part), t. 406.

Near Dalhousie, Dr. Clark; Simla Hills from 6,000 to 8,000 feet, Stoliczka, Lady Dalhousie, Gamble, Collett; Bashahr at 7,000 feet, Lace No. 1036; Mussoorie range between 6,000 and 7,000 feet, Mackinnon, Duthie Nos. 21764, 22986, 22993, 94167; Garhwál between 5,000 and 6,000 feet, Duthie No. 527; Lansdowne in Brit. Garhwal, Roberts; Kumaon between 5,000 and 6,000 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom No. 46, Colonel Davidson, Duihie No. 3409. Flowers during July and August, It is found also in Sikkim, and on the Khasia Hills.

This is taller and altogether a much more robust plant than H. pectinata, and it is also much more sbundant.

6. HABENARIA ARIETINA Hook. f, Fl. Br. Ind. vi. 138.

Habit and general appearance of И. ensifolia, but leaves much broader. Raceme 1°25 to 2 dm. long, Flowers green. Sepals narrowly oblong-elliptic; the lateral pair sub-falcate, with ciliolate margins. Petals erect and adpressed to the dorsal sepal, gibbous at the base externally, bluntly acuminate, puberulous. ip as in H. ensifolia, but the side lobes with fewer teeth; spur laterally compressed, much longer than the ovary. Anther retuse and mucronate at the apex, their tubes long and upright as in H. intermedia, Stigmas large, linear-lanceolate, spreading, green, their margins ciliolate. Hook. f. in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Cale. v 64, t. 97. H. pectinata Lindl. (not of Wallich); Gen. and Sp. Orch. 341; Wall. Cat, 7029B (in part) and C.; H. pectinata var. arietina Krnzl, Orch. Gen, and Sp. i, 405.

Eastern Kumaon, Duthies collector No. 24055. Flowers during July and August. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim and the Khasia Hills.

This species has a much greater resemblance generally to Ж. ensifolia than it has to Ж. pectinata ; and, as it also turns black when dried, the difficulty in distinguishing them in that condition is inoreased. The long upright anther-tubes as well as the pollinia and glands are very similar to those of H. intermedia, to which it is evidently closely allied. Тһе Simla locality given in the Flora of Brit. India for this species refers to the specimens of Н. ensifolia collected by Lady Dalhousie. H. arietina is therefore not at present known to occur westward of Kumaon.

T. HABENARIA INTERMEDIA Don Prod. Fl. Nep. 24.

Stem 2 to 5 dm,, terete; sheaths at the base two or three, upper sub-foliaceous. Leaves scattered, 8 to 18 em. long and 2 to 6 cm. broad, ovate-oblong, acuminate, rounded or cordate at the base; nerves 5—7 impressed above. strongly prominent beneath. Racemes 2—6-flowered; floral bracts leaf-like, broadly lanceolate acuminate, equalling or exceeding the ovary. Flowers about 5 сш. across. Sepals persistent and enlarging after flowering: dorsal 25 сш, long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, recurved at the apex, the inner surface almost white; lateral sepals spreading, falcately lanceolate, acuminate, 5 to 7-nerved, tips reflexed. Petals pure white, overlapping at their apices, as long as the dorsal вера] and tightly pressed against it, dimidiate-faicate, obtuse, margins minutely oiliolute.

HABENARIA. 181

Lip 3lobed, longer than the sepals, green except the longer white claw, papillose towards the base; side lobes deeply pectinate, midlobe linear, 3 to 5 cm. long. Spur stout, 6:5 em. long, exceeding the ovary, tapering towards the apex, more or less curved. Anther-cells with very long erect filiform tubes; pollinia 6 mm. long, elongate, often bipartite, with slender caudicles as long as the pollinia and minute glands at the base, Stigmatie processes l'ó cm. long, slender, ineurved, white, with Spreading green tips, minutely рарШозе, Ros/ellum adnate to the face of the column between the anther, cells. Capsule pedicelled, 3 to 5 em. long, fusiform, beaked. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 322; Wall. Cat. 7030; Reichb. f. in Gard, Chron. (1879), 186; Hook. f. Fl, Br. Ind. vi, 138; Krnzl. in Eng. Bot. Jahrb, xvi, 161; Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 403; Collett Fl. Siml, 502, fig. 164; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxvi (1903), 59.

Abundant from Kashmir to Kumaon at elevations between 5,000 and 7,000 feet, flowering in August. It extends eastwards to Nepal and the Khasia Hills, but there is no record of its occurrence in Sikkim.

Рглте 131. Habenaria intermedia, Dom. А plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, side view of single flower; 2, one of the petals; 3, side view of column showing the erect filiform anther-tubes and the long incurved stigmatic processes; 4, pollinia;—all enlarged,

8. HABENARIA LONGIFOLIA Ham, in Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 324.

Stem slender, leafy, 2'ó to 4'5 dm. long. Leaves 7 to 12 cm., scattered, erect, linear, acuminate, diminishing in size upwards. Spike 5 to 7 cm., many-and laxly flowered; floral bract linear, acuminate, longer than the slender beaked ovary. Ovary 1:3 to 2 em., curved, Flowers white. Sepals minute, the lateral pair 5 mm. long, oblong— anceolate, 3-nerved, a little larger than the dorsal. Petals gibbously ovate, as long ав the dorsal sepal, 3-nerved, Jip flabelliform, 1:3 to 1:5 cm. broad, twice or thrice as long as the lateral sepals; midlobe linear, shorter than the side lobes; side lobes semi-circular, quite entire; spur slender, twice as long as the ovary, green. Anther beaked, cells parallel, tubes incurved. Sigmatic processes short, clavate, incurved towards the mouth of the spur. ostellum long, erect, subulate. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 141; Krnzl in Engl. Bot, Jahrb. xvi, 202; Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 420, Gymnadenia longifolia Lind]. in Wall, Cat. 7060. Habenaria írapezoidea Falc. MSS.

Mohand Pass on the Siwalik range, Royle; near Mussoorie, Falconer. Found also by Buchanan-Hamilton at Nathpur in Nepal. I have seen no living specimens. The flowers are usually larger than those of H. plantaginea, but it may be easily distinguished from the latter by its very narrow leaves.

9. HABENARIA PLANTAGINEA Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 323.

Tubers ellipsoid, about 3 cm. long, Leaves about three or four, radical, horizontal, 7-5 to 15 em. long, narrowly oblong, acute or obtuse, membranous, Scape slender, 2 to 4 dm. high, bearing many lanceolate acuminate bracts, the lowest often large and leaflike. Spite 5 to 15 cm. long, laxly flowered. Flowers sub-secund, white ; floral bract lanceolate, acuminate or setaceous, half as long as the curved beaked ovary. Sepals sub-eaual, about 7 mm. long, strongly 2-nerved, white tinged with green; dorsal

182 OPHRYDES.

erect, ovate-oblong, the lateral pair falcately oblong, spreading. Petals linear-lanceolate, adpressed to and forming a hood with the dorsal вера]. Гір flabelliform, clawed, twice as long as the lateral sepals, puberulous; side lobes semi-ovate, entire or toothed, often overlapping at their apices; midlobe a little shorter, linear-oblong, deflexed ; spur equalling the ovary, slender. Anther broad, cells divergent; tubes short, upcurved ; pollinia globose to ellipsoid; caudicles curved, linear-cuneate, glands falcately ovate- acuminate, combined when young. Stigmatic processes large, fleshy, oblong; rosiellum triangular, broad. Staminodes prominent. Capsule fusiform, curved, its beak short and slender. Wight Ic. 1710; Hook. f. Fl, Br. Ind. vi, 141; Krnzl. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvi, 197; Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 413. | Gymnadenia platyphylla. Lindl. Wall. Cat. 7053. Orchis platyphyllos Roxb. Fl. Ind. iii, 609. 0. tenuis Herb. Кош].

Dehra Dun, Falconer (Kew Distrib. No. 1032), Duthie Nos. 7654, 24174, Mackinnon’s collector (Duthie’s No. 25417); below Mussoorie, Duthis’s collector No. 23002; Binsar in Kumaon at 7,500 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom No. 36; below Naini Tal, Colonel Davidson, б. W. Hope. Flowers during September and October. It extends eastwards to Sikkim and Chota Nagpur and southwards to Central and S. India and Ceylon. |. Prams 139. Habenaria plantaginea Lindi. А plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, single flower; 2, ditto, with the sepals removed; 3, column ovary and spur; 4, front view of column; 5, pollinia; 6, ditto, taken from a bud and showing the connate glands ;—al/ enlarged,

10. HABENARIA TRIFLORA Don Prod. Fl. Nep. 25.

Siem 45 dm, high, leafy throughout, rather stout, terete, sheaths at the base loose-fitting. Leaves 2*5 to 7:5 cm. long, ovate-lanceolate, acute, the upper narrower and acuminate. Floral bracts leaflike, embracing the ovaries of the large erect flowers, keeled on the back, membranous. Flowers 1 to 3, shortly pedicelled, white. Sepals about 2 сш. long, suberect with recurved apices, strongly veined; dorsal ovate, rounded; lateral pair faleately lanceolate, Petals very small, linear-subulate, 1-nerved. Lip flabelliform, about 3 em. long. 3-partite to about the middle, gibbous at the base; side lobes semi-oblong or hatchet-shaped, the margins crenulate; midlobe a little shorter, linear; spur slender, straight, as long as the ovary, flattened near the tip. Anther very broad, quadrate, truncate, cells marginal; tubes short, free; pollinia semi-ovate; caudicles a little longer, curved, dilated above, glands minute. Stammodes triangular, spreading. Stigmas inconspicuous. Rostellum broad. Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 142. Platanthera candida Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7035; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 295; Krnzl. Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 610.

Jaunsar, in the Tonse and Mautar Valleys, 4,000 to 5,000 feet, Osmaston (Duthie’s No. 23102); near Tehri in Garhwál, Mackinnon’s collector (Duthie's No. 25419); Kumaon near Loha-thal 5,000 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom No. 44; near Askot in E. Kumaon 4,000 to 5,000 feet, Duthie No. 5995. Flowers in August. It extends eastwards to Nepal and Lower Bengal,

Prate 133, Habenaria triflora Dom. Л plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, single flower; 2, ditto, with sepals removed; 3, lip; 4, front view of column, with petals attached; 5, pollinia ;—all enlarged.

НАВЕХАВТА. 183 11. HABENARIA COMMELINIFOLIA Wall. in Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 325.

Whole plant 6 to 9 dm. high, Tubers ellipsoid or cylindrical. Lower portion of stem bearing а few loose sheaths. Leaves scattered, 8 to 15 cm. long and 2 to 3 сш. in breadth, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, sub-coriaceous, acute and often sub-spinescent at the apex, margins white. Bracts between the leaves and the spike linear-lanceolate, acuminate, ciliolate. Spike 1 to 2 dm. long, many- and laxly-flowered; floral bracts erect, nearly equalling in length the long beaked ovary, scaberulous on both surfaces and ciliolate along the edges. Flowers 1:4 to 2 cm. in diam., white, inodorous, Sepals scaberulous; dorsal small, saccate, with a short recurved beak; lateral pair much shorter, hatchet-shaped, beaked, with the veins deeply looped or arched. Petals, unequally oblong, smaller than the lateral sepals. Lip divided into three long slender filiform segments, 2'5 em. from its base to the tip of the mid-segment; lateral segments 3 cm. long, curved downwards; mid-segment channelied, longer than the lateral pair, spreading, scaberulous ; spur 6 to Т cm. long, slender and curved downwards; its upper portion funnel-shaped and nearly white, the apex clavate and green. Anther-cells elongate, distant, diverging at the base; the tubes long and straight; pollinia small, oval; caudicles very long, dilated upwards, translucent, glands minute. Staminodes seated on the long arms of the column and curving round in front of the anther-tubes. Stigmatic processes large, clavate, incurved ; rostellum triangular. Ovary including the long slender beak 3 сш. long. Griff, Notul. iii, 372; Іс. Pl. As. t, 339; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 143; Krnzl in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvi, 137; Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 322. Platanthera commelinifolia Lindl, in Wall. Cat. 7097. Orchis commelinifolia Roxb, Fl. Ind. iii, 451; Grah. Cat. Bomb, РІ. 201. О. stylosanthes Herb, Ham.

Kangra Valley, Edgeworth; near Simla, 6,000 feet, Collett; Siwalik range, Duthie’s collector No. 24166; Dehra Dun in open grassy spots, Duthie No. 2067 (1881,) Mackinnon (Duthie’s No. 21721); Garhwál 3,000 to 5,000 feet, Falconer, Duthie No, 521; Kumaon, Wallich, Royle, Strachey & Winterbottom No. 43; Кай Valley, Duthie’s collector No. 24054. Flowers during August and September. It extends eastwards to Parasnath and Upper Burma, and southwards to Central and S. India,

Prate 134. Habenaria commelinifolia Wall. A plant (upper and lower portions), —of natural size. Fig. l, side view of single flower; 2, ditto with the lateral sepals, the petals and lip removed ; 3, front view of column; 4, pollinia ;—a// enlarged.

19. HABENARIA PUBESCENS Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 322.

Tubers elongate, stout, often divided, with a few thick and fleshy fibres from their bases. Stem about 4 dm. long, clothed at the base with two or three tight-fitting sheaths, pubescent. Leaves crowded towards the base of the stem, about 1 dm. long and 4 cm. broad, lanceolate, acuminate, tapering to their bases, 7 to 9-nerved, nerves not prominent; margins undulate, сое. Raceme with a few empty leaf-like bracts at its base, 1:3 dm. long, many-flowered, lax, pubescent; floral bracts shorter then the long- beaked ovary, ovate, acuminate, ciliolate. Flowers small. Dorsal sepal 3-nerved, erect, broadly ovate, a little shorter than the dimidiate ovate obtuse reflexed lateral ones. Petals narrowly falcate, longer than the dorsal sepal, and forming an arch with it. Lip 3-partite, longer than the sepals; segments linear, the lateral ones with filiform tips; the midlobe about as long as the lateral ones, blunt, keeled beneath. Spur about as long as

184 OPHRYDES.

the ovary, slender, curved. Anther-tubes long, flexuous; pollinia ovate, obliquely attached to the long slender flexuous caudicles; dises small, flat, Staminodes large and prom- inent. Stigmatic processes globose. Capsule with a long slender beak, curved, ridges thick and prominent, Hook. f. Fl Br, Ind. vi, 141; Krantzlin in Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. xvi, 202; Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 421.

Dehra Dun, Mackinnon (Duthie's No. 21765); Garhwál and Kumaon, up to 5,500 feet, Royle, Faiconer, Duthie, Mackinnon, etc. :

PLATE 135. Habenaria pubescens Lindl. А plant,—of natural size, Fig. 1, а single flower; 2, back view of ditto; 3, front view of column, showing the base of the lip, the stigmas, the staminodes and the glands of tne pollinia; 4, pollinia;—a4 enlarged.

13, HABENARIA FURCIFERA Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 319.

Whole plant 25 to 4:5 dm. high. Stem sheathed at the base; leafy below the middle, bracteate above. Leaves 65 to 11°5 cm. long, elliptic, acute or acuminate, slightly narrowed to the sheathing base. Bracts on the upper portion of the stem lanceolate, acuminate, diminishing in size upwards, Raceme 125 to 17:5 cm. long: many- but laxly-flowered. Flowers about 13 mm, across from base to apex, green; floral bract linear-lanceolate, acuminate, about equalling the ovary. Sepals unequal, the dorsal ovate-oblong, obtuse, concave; the lateral pair rather shorter, broadly and faleately lanceolate, acute or acuminate, spreading. Petals as long as the dorsal вера], and with it forming a hood over the column, oblong, retuse. Jip longer than the sepals, irifureate to the base; the lateral segments filiform, diverging, carved, longer than the stouter blunt middle one. Spur slender, longer than the ovary, laterally compressed, curved at the apex. Anther-cells contiguous, diverging at their bases, their tubes rather short; pollinia faleately ovoid, their caudicles slender, slightly curved, attached to narrowly oblong glands. Staminodes rather large and broadly oblong. Stigmatic processes short. Capsule fusiform, decurved, shortly beaked and with thick ribs, Hook. f. РІ, Dr. Ind. vi, 149; Krnzl. in Engl. Bot, Jahrb. xvi, 161; Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 356; King & Pantling in Ann. В. Bot, Gard. Cale. viii, 313, t. 410. H. hamigera Griff. in Cale. Journ, Nat. Hist. iv, 380, t. 20, H. tenuicornis Wall. MSS.

Dehra Dun, Mackinnon, Duthie Nos. 9314, 2323, 21754, Gamble No, 23178, Siwalik range, /uthie’s collector No. 24168; Mussoorie hills 4,000 to 6,000 feet, Royle,

Edgeworth, Mackinnon, Duthie Nos. 21754, 22992. Flowers during August. It extends eastwards to Bengal, Sikkim, Bhutan and Upper Burma.

14. HABENARIA MARGINATA Colebr. in Hook. Fl. Exot. t. 136.

Subscapigerous, Tubers small, narrow, cylindric. Leaves few, subradical, sessile, 2 to 125 em. long, oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse, margins pale yellow. Scape 1 to 15 dm. long; sheaths erect, lanceolate. Spike 5 to 15 cm. long, many-flowered; floral bract nearly equalling the ovaries, with pale ciliolate margins. Flowers 1:5 сш. in diam., greenish-yellow. Dorsal sepal erect, broadly ovate; lateral faleately oblong-lanceolate spreading or deflexed, 3—5-nerved, Petals ialeately oblong, erect, forming a hood with the dorsal sepal, 2-nerved. Lip longer than the sepals, 3-partite; lateral segments narrowed and with filiform poinis, mid-segments shorter and broader, with the margins

HABENARIA. 185

reflexed. Spur about аз long as the curved ovary, laterally compressed at the apex. Anther-clels distant; tubes funnel-shaped, short, spreading. Pollinia with short geniculate caudicles, glands rather large, triangular, flattened. Staminodes elongated, Stigmatic processes long, adnate to the base of the column for two-thirds of their length. Capsule l'4 cm., fusiform, turgid, curved. Lindl, Gen. and Sp. Orch. 320; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 268; Griff. Notul. iii, 371; Іс. Pl. As. t. 341; Cale. Journ. Nat. Hist. iv, 382; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 150; Krüntzlin in Engler’s Bot. Jahrb. 164; Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 360; Collett Fl. Siml. 504. Platanthera marginata Lindl, in Wall. Cat. 7038, Habenaria promensis Wall. Cat. 7033; Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 320, Orchis mysorensis and clavata Herb. Heyne.

Simla, 6,000 feet, Collett; Siwalik range and Dehra Dun, Duthie’s collector No. 24172; Garhwál and Kumaon up to 11,000 feet, Falconer, Strachey & Winterbottom Мо. 38, Duthie, Mackinnon, etc., flowering in August. It extends westwards to Simla, Chamba and Kashmir, and eastwards to Bengal, and grows as a weed in the Calcutta Botanic Garden; it is also found in Burma and in Western and Southern India.

РгАтв 136. Habenaria marginata Colebr. А plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, side view of single flower; 2, front view of ditto with the sepals removed; 3, lip seen from below; 4, side view of column with spur and ovary; 5, pollinia ;—-all enlarged.

15. HABENARIA DIPHYLLA Dalz. in Hook. Journ, Bot. ii (1850), 262,

Tubers small, elongate or globose. Leaves radical, usually two, 2°5 to 5 em. in diam., orbicular, cordate, margined, rather fleshy. Scape 1 to 2°5 dm., slender, matniy flowered, the peduncle with distant sheathing lanceolate acuminate bracts; floral bract, much shorter than the slender curved ovaries. Flowers distant, spreading, white, tinged with green. Sepals subequal; dorsal erect, 5 mm. long, ovate, concave, acute; lateral pair deflexed, obliquely ovate, acuminate, 3-nerved. Petals linear, white, as long as, and forming a hood with, the dorsal вера]. Lip much longer than the sepals, 3-partite, segments filiform, the lateral pair spreading and spirally twisted at the tips, mid-segment shorter, deflexed; spur 8 mm. long, shorter than the ovary, inflated towards its acute apex. Anther broad, its cells distant, tubes very short; pollinia dimidiate-ovate, obliquely attached to caudicles, equal to them іп length; glands small, subglobose ; staminodes large, petaloid, sub-patent, with incurved tips, Stigmatic processes elongate, clavate, adnate to the mouth of the spur. Rostellum obscure. Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 268; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 151; Krnzl in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvi, 154; Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 346. H. Jerdoniana, Wight le, 1715. H. Sutlei Reichb. f. in Linnea xxv, 229. Platanthera canarensis Lindl. in Pl Hohen, exsicc. Хо, 142, Liparis diphyllos Nimmo in Grah. Cat. Bomb. Pl. 252.

Dehra Dun, Mackinnon (Duthie’s No, 25411); Garhwál, Falconer, Flowers during August. It is found also in Eastern Bengal and Chota Nagpur, and from the

‘Konkan to Malabar. Д Prarg 137. Habenaria diphylla Dalz. А plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, single flower; 2, ditto, with sepals, petals and portion of lip removed; 3, front view of

column ;—ali enlarged,

Any. Вох. Вот. Garn, Carc, Vor. IX.

186 ОРНВУРЕЛ.

16, HABENARIA Аттсшзохт Reichb. f, in Trans. Linn. бос, Ser. 2, Bot. iii, 113.

Tubers about 9 ст, long, rather narrow, often divided at the ends. Leaves two, near the base of the tall scape, subopposite, 4—6 сш. long and about as wide, sub- orbicular, with cordate sheathing bases, cuspidate at the apex, not margined, thick, dark green above and with pale-coloured blotches, uniformly paler beneath. Spike 5—8 em, long ; bracts of peduncle small, lanceolate, acuminate; floral bracts shorter than the ovary, lanceolate, acuminate. Flowers crowded, subsecund, erect, 8 mm. in diam., yellow- ish-green. Sepals and petals about equal in length; dorsal sepal erect, concave, ovate, obtuse, 3-nerved ; the lateral ones reflexed, obliquely lanceolate, acute. Petals erect, faleately ovate-lanceolate, 1-пегуе4, auricled at the base in front. Zip a little longer than the sepals, 3-partite above the base; segments filiform, the two lateral ones spreading and recurved, narrower than the deflexed mid-segment. Spur variable in length, but always much shorter than the ovary. Anther broad, cells nearly parallel; tubes very short, incurved. РоПйиа obovate, caudicles very short, glands small. Stigmatic processes thick and prominent. Zosfellum minute. Ovary fusi- form, curved. Hook. f, Fl, Br. Ind. vi, 152; Boiss, Fl. Or. Suppl. 370; Krantzlin in Englers Bot. Jahrb. xvi, 154; Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 345. H. brachyphylla Aitch. & Hemsl. in Journ, Linn, Soc. xix, 118 (not of Krüntzlin).

Mussoorie range, between 6,000 and 7,000 feet, Mackinnon [Duthie’s Nos. 21752 and 22991 (5)]; Nag Tiba in Garhwál, 9 to 10,000 feet, Duthie’s collector No. 22991 (а); Kumaon, 9 to 10,000 feet, Duthie; flowering during July and August. This species extends westwards to Murree, Kashmir, the Kurram Valley, Afghanistan and Waziris- tan.

Var. Josephi Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 152. Much smaller than 'the type. Leaves 2:5 to 3:5 em. long, not cuspidate at the apex. Spike few-flowered. Flowers greenish, King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot, Gard. Cale. viii, 311, t. 408. H. Josephi, Reichb. f. in Trans. Linn. Soc. le. 114.

Northern Kumaon in the Kali Valley 9 to 11,000 feet, Duthie Nos. 3419, 6002, flowering during July and August. Found also in W. Nepal in the Nampa Gadh up to 12,000 feet Duthie No. 6002(а), extending eastwards to Sikkim up to eievations between 12 and 14,000 feet.

PrarE 138. Habenaria Aitehisoni Reichb. f, А plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, front view of flower ; 2, side view of ditto; 3, column, showing the anther, staminodes, rostel- lum and stigmatic processes; 4, pollinia ;—all enlarged.

17. HABENARIA STENANTHA Hook. f. Fl Br. Ind. Vi, 158.

Height of plant 3 to 6 dm, with no tuber, the roots thick and fleshy. Stem stout, sheathed at the base. Leaves three or more, 1 to 2°25 dm. long, the lower are larger, obovate to oblong-lanceolate, acute or subacute ; upper ач of stem bearing lanceolate acuminate bracts 1 to 2 cm. long. Spike 1:25 to 995 dm. en laxly many-flowered, Flowers 1:6 to 2 em, across, green; floral bract linear- anceolate, equalling or shorter than the shortly stalked ovary. Sepals unequal, 3 nerved; the dorsal erect, concave, broadly ovate, blunt; lateral pair smaller

HABENARIA. 187

тейехей ovate-elliptic, subacute. Petals longer than the dorsal sepal, erect, linear, blunt, l-nerved. Jip longer than the sepals, lanceolate, blunt, entire, 9-nerved ; spur spreading, slender, cylindric, longer than the slender beakless ovary, dilated towards the apex and slightly curved. Amther-cells diverging at the base, tubes none; pollinia broadly elliptie-clavate, faintly grooved, the caudicles rather short; glands large, elongate, placed on either side of the entrance to the spur and reaching to the stigma. Stigmas conjoined into a small transversely oblong body situated on the upper margin of the entrance to the spur. Capsule 10 to 11 mm. long. King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. viii, 814, t. 412.

Sosa forest in E. Kumaon between 9,000 and 10,000 feet, Duthie No. 3405, Flowers during July and August. Found also in Sikkim, and at Chumbi in Tibet.

This species bears а close general resemblance to JT. (аби, but the column is quite

different, the stigma being single and transverse; the polliniar glands are also very differently shaped.

18. HABENARIA URCEOLATA Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxv. 73, t. 30,

Whole plant 5 to 15 cm. high. Tubers narrow, elongate. Stem slender, curved, with a single sheath at the base. Leaf usually solitary, from below the middle of the stem, 5 to 10 cm. long, narrowly elliptic-oblong, obtuse or subacute, tapering to the long narrow tubular sheath, Peduwnele with several distant bracts, the lowermost often leaflike. Raceme 1'6 to 5 ст. long, decurved, rather laxly flowered, secund. Flowers 8 mm. long, longer than the ovaries, narrowly campanulate, white; floral bract longer than the shortly stalked tumid ovary. Sepals erect, nearly equal, dorsal not connivent with the petals, elliptic, blunt, lateral pair oblong, subacute. Petals as long as the sepals, free, faleately oblong, blunt, tapering slightly to the base. р about as long as the sepals and petals, decurved beyond the middle, oblong, slightly concave, tapering and becoming thicker towards the apex, minutely hispid near the base; spur shorter than the sepals, inflated above the constricted neck. Anther-cells elongate, approximate but not touching, parallel; pollinia ellipsoid, composed of large granules; glands about as long as the short caudicles, acute at one end. WStaminodes filiform, parallel to the anther-eells and exceeding them in length, their apices free. Stigmas conjoined, large, occupying the whole of the anterior surface of the column below the glands of the pollinia. Hook. £. Fl Br. Ind. vi, 165; King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 316, t. 415. Diphylax urceolata Hook. f. Ic. Pl, 1865; Krnzl Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 599.

Northern Kumaon in the district of Byáns 11,000 to 12,000 feet, Duthie No. 6003. Flowers during August. Found also in Sikkim and on the frontiers of Nepal and Tibet.

19. HABENARIA Ерввчовтнп Hook. f. ex Collett КІ, Siml, 504, fig. 166.

Height of plant 3 to 7:5 dm. Tubers oblong or sub-globose, Stem rather stout, leafy, its base clothed with a few short loose sheaths, of which the upper one is usually sub-foliaceous. Leaves 3:7 to 10 em. long, the upper ones diminishing in size, ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, usually rather fleshy, the main nerves prominent beneath. Spike 775 to 25 em, long, many-flowered, rachis stout, Flowers rather crowded,

Ann. Вот, Bor. Gard., Оліс., Vor, IX.

188 OPHRYDEX.

9:to 19:5 mm. across, deflexed in bud; floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate; the lower ones longer and the upper shorter than the curved beaked ovary. Sepals green, pubescent, their edges minutely ciliolate; the dorsal erect, broadly ovate or sub-orbicular, concave; the lateral pair larger, deflexed, obliquely ovate, obtuse. Petals erect, yellow, thick, obliquely triangular from a broad base, their apices curving inwards and forming a hood with the dorsal sepal, turning black when dried. Zip yellow, longer than the lateral sepals; anterior portion thick and strap-shaped, deflexed abruptly from the end of the wider channelled claw; spur much longer than the ovary, curving upwards, yellowish- green. Anther-cells distant, parallel; pollinia obliquely pyriform, bipartite ; caudicles short, curved, each attached to a small bipartite gland. Staminodes elongate. Stigmatic precesses oblong, nearly parallel, situated below the opening to the spur; rostellum triangular, Н. Jlatilabris Hook, f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 153 (іп part). Platanthera acuminata Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7040; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 289.

Throughout the Western Himalaya from Hazára to Kumaon at elevations between 6,000 and 10,000 feet. It is the most abundant terrestrial orchid on the Simla and Mussoorie ranges, and is very often found in company with Satyrium nepalense on open hillsides. It commences to flower during July, but always a little later than Н, 1۵۰

The upturned position of the spur in Z7. Edgeworthii may be explained by the fact that the flowers, when in bud, are deflexed, and the spurs are then directed upwards. The flowers, as they begin to open, curve up and become sub-erect, but by this time the elongated spurs have not sufficient space in the crowded raceme in which to alter their position.

Prarg 139. Habenaria Edgeworthii Hook. f. А plant, —of natural size, Fig. 1, side view of flower; 2, front view of ditto, with the lateral sepals removed; 3, side view of flower, the sepals and petals removed; 4, pollinia;—a// enlarged.

20. HABENARIA LATILABRIS Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi 153 (in part).

Tubers fusiform. Siem 2 to 45 dm., with a few loose sheaths near the base, of which the upper ones are often sub-foliaceous. Leaves scattered, three to five, 5 to 10 em. long, elliptic-oblong, acute or acuminate, tapering into the broad sheaths; bracts below the raceme about 2:5 cm, long, lanceolate, acuminate, Spike 7:5 to 13 cm., laxly flowered. Flowers 12 to 14 mm. long (from the base to the tip of the dorsal sepal’, the sepals dark green and the petals and lip yellowish-green; floral bract lanceolate, acuminate, those of the lower flowers longer than the curved beaked ovary, of the upper flowers shorter. Sepals unequal, their edges ciliolate; dorsal erect, 4 mm, long, broadly ovate or sub-orbicular, concave; the lateral pair reflexed, 5 mm. long, obliquely ovate, obtuse. Petals slightly longer than the lateral sepals, spreading, lanceolate or linear from a broad triangular base, gibbous on their outer edges near the base. Lip rather longer than the petals, deflexed from the apex of the short broad claw, sub-terete or linear-oblong with reflexed edges, tapering slightly to the apex; spur about 15 mm. long, slender, curved but not upturned as іп Z. Edgeworthi, cylindric or compressed and with the apex often bifid or trifid. Column short. Anther-cells parallel, distant, each with a rounded rugulose staminode on its outer side near the base; tubes short, curved forwards; pollinia obliquely pyriform, almost bipartite, tapering into the short stout caudicles; glands small, elliptic. Stigmas

HABENARIA. 189

two, oblong, blunt, separated by the entrance into the spur. Hook. t. in Ann, R. Dot. Gard. Cale. v, 66, t. 100; King 4 Pantling in Апп. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. viii, 321, t. 423; Krnzl Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 449. Platanthera latilabris Lindl. Gen and Sp. Orch. 289. Р. Orchidis Wall. Cat. 7039B.

Not uncommon on the Western Himalaya from Dalhousie to Kumaon at elevations between 5,000 and 9,000 feet; specimens have, however, been gathered by Mr, C. W. Hope as low down as Dehra Dun. It becomes more abundant eastwards, but in no portion of the area is it as plentiful as И. Edgeworthii, which extends as far west as Hazara. Н. latilabris is more of a shade-loving plant, and is very often found as an epiphyte on the trunks of trees, Flowers during July and August. It extends eustwards to Nepal, Sikkim and E. Tibet.

In the living state this species can be easily distinguished from JH. Edgeworth by the nearly uniform greenish tint of its flowers, the spreading petals and by the shorter and much more slender spur, which is usually not curved upwards.

Pirate 140. Habenaria latilabris Hook f. А plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, side view of single flower; 2, front view of ditto, with the lateral sepals removed; 3, side view of flower with the sepals and petals removed; 4, pollinia ;—all enlarged.

21. HABENARIA DENSA Wall. in Lindl. Gen, and Sp. 826,

Zubers oblong, Stem stout, З to 7°5 dm., with a few loose blunt sheaths at its base, Leaves many, scattered, 6 to 10 cm. long, ovate or oblong, acuminate, tapering very little to the long sheath, diminishing in size upwards. Spike 2 to 3:5 dm. long, many- flowered, rachis stout. Flowers crowded, erect, 7 mm. across, green; floral bract longer than the short curved slender-beaked ovary, lanceolate, acuminate, the edges ciliolate. Sepals sub-equal, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, thick, ciliolate, 3-nerved; dorsal erect, concave ; lateral pair narrower, reflexed. Petals nearly as long as the sepals, obliquely elliptic- oblong, obtuse, fleshy. Lip equalling the sepals, linear, obtuse, with а transverse callus at its base close to the columu; spur half as long as the ovary, clavate, pendulous, compressed laterally. Column short, broad. Anther-cells distant, parallel, without tubes; pollinia broadly elliptic, caudicles short; glands discoid, guarding the entrance to the spur. Staminodes large, each consisting of two united elongate processes, the upper pair rugulose and parallel to the sides of the anther-cells; lower pair smooth, their apices converging inwards below the stigmas and almost meeting over the base of the lip. Stigmas two, small, sub-orbicular, placed between the polliniar glands and the staminodes. Hook, f. Fl, Br. Ind. vi, 153; King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Calc. viii, 319, t. 490; Krnzl. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xvi, 216; Orch. Gen. and Sp. i 443; Collett Fl. Siml, 504. Platanthera densa Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7046, Р, clavigera Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 289.

Not uncommon on the Western Himalaya at elevations between 7,000 and 10,000 feet; Dalhousie, Dr. Clark; Simla, Lady Dalhousie, Edgeworth, Gamble (No. 1390) etc. ; Garhwál, Falconer, Edgeworth, Royle, Mackinnon, Duthie Nos. 525, 94175, 22410, 22988; Kumaon at Kalimundi 8,500, Strachey & Winterbottom; F. Kumaon, Blinkworth, Duthie No. 3411, Duthie’s collector Nos. 24066, 24067, 24070. Flowers during July and August. 1% extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan.

199 OPHRYDEJE. 99. HABENARIA ARCUATA Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 155.

Stem very thick, leafy. Leaves 7۰5 to 10 cm., oblong-lanceolate, subacute, with sheathing bases, upper lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate. Spike broad, many-flowered ; floral bracts herbaceous, linear-lanceolate, the lower ones much longer than the slender curved ovaries, Flowers large, white. Sepals 9 mm. long; dorsal cucullate, beaked ; lateral pair larger, oblong, obtuse, 3-nerved, deflexed. Petals small, linear, 1-nerved, membranous. Lip twice as long as the sepals, auricled at the base, puberulous, margins reflexed. Spur 5 to 6:3 em. long, incurved, acute. Anther large, broad, cells divergent, tubes erect ; pollinia with short stout caudicles; glands very large, ovate ; rostellum broad, flat, acute, Platanthera arcuata Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch, 289; Krnzl. Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 633.

Mussoorie, Royle; Naini Tal, Colonel Davidson. The single specimen in the Kew Herbarium representing this species is the Naim Tal one, and this was gathered in the month of June.

23. HABENARIA viRIDIS R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v, 192.

Tubers ovoid, often lobed. Stem 7:5 to 10 cm. high. Leaves usually three or four narrowly oblong, acute or obtuse, smaller upwards, many-nerved. Flowers 9 to 13 mm. long. Spike lax; bracts green, exceeding the ovaries, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate. Sepals and petals green striped with dark red. Sepals sub-connivent, ovate-oblong, concave, obtuse and cucullate at their apices, Dorsal 7-nerved, the lateral pair obliquely ovate. Petals erect, linear-oblong, equalling the dorsal вера]. Lip linear-oblong, pale brown, widening towards the tridentate apex, the central tooth often very small; spur very short, obtuse. Anther with an emarginate apex, the cells diverging; pollinia broadly ellipsoid, composed of large grains; caudicles short, attached to minute glands, each of which is concealed in a pouch formed by the rostellum, as in the genus Orchis, Syme in Engl. Bot. (ed. 3), ix 105, t. 1462; Hook. f, Student's Fl. Brit. Islands 376. Peristylus viridis Lindl. Syn. Brit. FL, ed. 2, 261; Gen. and Sp. Orch, 299; Rolfe in Tourn. Linn, Soc, xxxvi (1903), 54, Satyrium viride Linn. Sp. Pl. 944. Orchis viridis vrantz Stirp. Austr, ed. 2, 491. Gymnadenia viridis A. Rich. in Mém. Mus, Par. iv 57. Platanthera viridis Lindl. Syn, Brit. FL, ed. i, 261; Reichb. Fl. Germ. xiii, 129, t. 434. Himantoglossum viride Reichb. Fl. Germ. Excurs, 190. Ceeloglossum viride Hartm, Handb. Skand, Fl, ed. 1, 329,

This interesting addition to the flora of British India was discovered in July 1901 at Nai Gund near the Kamri Pass in N. Kashmir, by Inayat Khén, formerly Head Plant collector to the Botanical Department of N. India, No. 25387. It was previously

known from Northern Europe (including Britain), Siberia, Dahuria, China and N. America, ` |

We 141, Habenaria viridis Б. Br. А plant,—of natural size, Fig. I, side view y single flower ; 2, dorsal sepal; 3, front view of flower, with the sepals removed; 4, side view of ditto, with sepals and petals removed ; 5, pollinia;—a// enlarged.

24. HATENARIA FA'LAX

t. 428 King & Pantling іп Ann. R. Bot, Gard. Calc. viii, 325,

HABENARIA. 191

Whole plant 1 to 3 dm. high. Tubers small. Stem with two tublar bulunt sheaths at the base. Leaf solitary, 39:5 to 15 em. long, narrowly elliptic or lanceolate, acute or acuminate, tapering slightly to the short sheath. Peduncle long, with a single linear. lanceolate acuminate bract. Spike 3:5 to 10 cm. long, laxly or densely flowered ; Лот bract equalling or shorter than the slightly decurved. ovary. Flowers small, green Sepals about equal, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, the dorsal connivent with the petals to form a hood; lateral pair erect, not connivent, Petals ovate-oblong, obtuse, variable as to size, Lip not much longer than the sepals, flat, rather fleshy, hastately 3-lobed from about the middle; side lobes oblong, obtuse, diverging; apical lobe longer than the side lobes, oblong, obtuse, deflexed; spur saceste, much shorter than the sepals, 2-ribbed inside, Column rather long. Anther-cells nearly parallel, but diverging at the base, without tubes. Pollinia obovoid or clavate; caudicles short, tapering to the small cordate glands. Staminodes small, globular, attached about half-way up on the outer sides of the anther-cells. Stigmas two, transversely oblong, touching by their ends and forming a band below the anther-cells. Herminium fallax Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7412; Hook. f. Ic. РІ. 2198; Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 129. Peristylus fallax Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 298; Krnzl, Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 512.

Near Mussoorie 6,000 to 7,000 feet, Duthie No. 21770; Хас Tiba in Garhwal 8,000 to 9,000 feet, Mackinnon, Duthie Nos. 21769, 22987; Gori Valley in Kumaon, Duthie’s collector No. 24058. Flowers during July and August.

95. HABENARIA Ешваветнж, Duthie in Journ. As, бос. Beng. lxxi, part II, 44.

Height of plant 2 to 4:5 dm., glabrous. Tubers ovoid. Leaves 2 or 3, approximate towards the base of the stem, with one or two loose sheaths below, and a few lanceo- late and finely acuminate bracts above them, 6 to 12 cm. long and 1 to 2 сш. in breadth, lanceolate, acuminate or the lowest one often obtuse, amplexicaul at the base, midrib prominent beneath. Spike long, slender, many-flowered. Flowers small, sessile, rather crowded, deflexed, green; floral bract lanceolate. acuminate, about half as long the curved beaked ovary. Sepals and petals erect, connivent; dorsal ovate, concave; the lateral pair obliquely ovate, obtuse. Petals a little longer than the sepals, obliquely ovate, obtuse. Lip longer than the sepals, 3-lobed to the middle, fleshy, the basal portion trough-shaped; lateral lobes linear, spreading, their margins gibbous at the base; midlobe oblong, obtuse, as long as the lateral pair but broader. Spur one-fifth the length of the ovary, ovate or obovate. Anther-cells parallel; pollinia obovate, curved, attached by a short eaudicle to an oyal gland. Stigmatic processes clavate. Staminodes rather large. Cybele Falc. in Lindl. in Veg. Kingd. 1932. С. alpina Fale. MSS.

Simla Hills between 9,000 and 10,000 feet, Edgeworth, Lady E. Babingion-Smith; Mussoorie Hills from 6,000 to 9,000 feet, Edgeworth, Mackinnon, Duthie Nos. 21766, 22990; Jumna Valley in Garhwál, Duthie No. 524; Pharkia at 11,000 feet, Edgeworth ; Naini Tal at 7,000 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom No. 82, Colonel Davidson; Rálam Valley at 12,000 feet, S'/rachey & Winterbottom (named Herminium fallaz). Flowers in August, It has been found also on the Eastern Himalaya at Chumbi, and iu E. Tibet. | |

This species is very similar at first sight to И. fallar, with which it has often been confounded, The leaves, however, are never solitary, the flowers are smaller, more crowded and they are deflexed;

199 OPHRYDEÆ.

the shape of the lip also is very different. I have named this plant after Lady Elisabeth Babington Smith, who kindly sent me specimens from near Simla in 1898.

Ртлте 142. Habenaria Elisabethz Duthie. A plant, —of natural size. Fig. 1, side view of single flower; 2, front view of ditto (spread out), with the sepals removed; 3, side view of lip and spur; 4, pollinia ;—all enlarged.

96. HABENARIA Lawn Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 163.

Tubers ellipsoid or globose, Stem 1:5 to 95 dm., slender, with а few short loose sheaths below the leaves. Leaves 3 to 5, clustered above the middle of the stem, 7°5 to 10 em. long, narrowly lanceolate or elliptic, acute, membranous. Spike 5 to 7:5 cm. long, slender, narrow. Flowers very small, spreading, white; floral bract ovate-lanceolate acuminate, longer than the ovary, membranous, Sepals and petals sub-equal, connivent, obtuse. Dorsal sepal elliptic, the lateral sub-falcately linear-oblong. Petals fleshy. ‘Lip as long 98 the sepals, broadly and obtusely 3-fid., its claw concave, and with a short ciliate ridge at its base; spur small, globose. Anther-cells parallel, tubes none; pollinia obovate, the caudicles as long as the pollinia and attached to minute globular glands. Staminodes large, petaloid, green tipped with white. Ovary slender, 6 mm. long, curved forward at the apex. Peristylus Lawii Wight Ic. 1695; Dalz. & Gibs. Bomb. Fl. 970; Krnzl. Orch, Gen, and Sp. 510.

Dehra-Dun, Mackinnon and Duthie’s collectors Nos. 21767, 22727, 23101; below Landour (Herb. Cale.) Flowers during July and August. Found also оп Parasnath Hill in Behar at an elevation of 4,200 feet, and in the Chanda district of the Central Provinces, extending southwards to the Konkan and Mysore.

Рілте 143. Habenaria Lawii Hook f. А plant,—of natural síz:. Fig. 1, side view of single flower; 2, ditto with the sepals and petals removed; 3, column, with lip attached; 4, lip, spread out; 5, anther and staminodes (the latter spread out); 6, pollinia ;—all enlarged.

27, HABENARIA GOODYEROIDES Don. Prod. Fl. Nep. 25.

Height of plant 3 to 6 dm. Тифе’з ellipsoid or oblong, hairy. Lower portion of stem with many loose blunt sheaths. Leaves clustered above the middle of the stem bat not whorled, 5 to 10 cm. long, ovate or ovate-elliptic, acute, slightly narrowed to the shortly sheathed base. Spike 1 to 2 dm., densely flowered, its peduncle bearing a few lanceolate acuminate bracts. Flowers subsecund, 8 mm. in diam. at the mouth, deflexed by reason of the curved apex of the ovary, white, sweet- scented; floral bract narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, about as long as the slender ovary. Sepals unequal, tinged with brown, the dorsal broadly ovate-lanceolate, concave, conniving with the petals and forming a hood; lateral pair oblong, involute, apicu- late. Petals as long as the sepals, trapeziform, blunt. Zip longer than the petals, broadly triangular in general outline, the sides rounded, 3-lobed for one-third of its length; side lobes linear-oblong, falcate, acute and diverging at the apex, slightly longer than the broad blunt midlobe; upper surface with & small elongate depression at the base and in front of the minute opening into the spur; spur nearly globular, much sherter than the sepals. Column short and broad. AntAer-cells parallel but not contiguous, without tubes; pollinia pyriform, caudicles very short, the glands small

HABENARIA. 193

and obovoid, Staminodes large, oblong, spreading outwards at right angles to the anther. Stigmas two, large, lying beneath and parallel to the staminodes, spreading. Hook. f. Fl, Br. Ind. vi, 161 (in part); King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 326, t. 480; Collett Fl. Siml. 505. H. ornithoides Wall. MSS., Peristylus grandis Blume Bijdr, 405. Herminium goodyeroides Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7066A (іп part).

Below Deoban in Jaunsar at 7,600 feet, Osmaston; Dehra Dun, Mackinnon ; Mussoorie range up to 6,000 feet, Mackinnon, Duthie Nos. 2315, 21756; Bok Hill in Garhwál, Duthie’s collector No. 24169; near Almora іп Kumaon at 4 ‚000 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom No. 88, Duthie’s collector Nos. 24059, 24065. Flowers during July and August. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Parasnath in Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, the Khasia Hills and Manipur.

Var. afins Lindl, Gen, and Sp. Orch., 300. Much smaller in all its parts than the type; the lip is rather longer, gibbous at the base, and with broader side lobes. King & Pantling in Ann. В. Bot. Gard. Calc. viii, 827, t. 480 bis. М. afinis Don. Prod. 25. JI goodyeroides in Hook. f. Fl. Br, Ind. (in part) JH. saccu- ata Wall. MSS. Peristylus goodyeroides Lindl, Gen..and Sp. Orch. 299; Royle Ш. Him. Bot. t. 87, fig. 2; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxvi, 54 (in part).

In the Chamba State, Punjab Himalaya at 4,000 feet, Lace No. 1814; Mussoorie range common between 6,000 and 7,000 feet, Mackinnon, Duthie Nos, 17826, 21757, 22729; Garhwál, Royle, King; British Garhwál at Lansdowne between 4,000 and 5,000 feet, Roberts. Flowers during August. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim, and to the Khasia and Naga Hills.

28, HABENARIA CONSTRICTA Wall. ex Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 161.

Tubers oblong, hairy. Stem stout, 5 to 75 dm. high, clothed at the base with wide blunt sheaths. Leaves five or six, at the upper portion of the stem, more or less whorled, 7:5 to 175 cm. long, ovate-elliptic, acute or acuminate, much narrowed towards the long sheaths; bracts on upper part of stem linear-lanceolate, acuminate. Spike broadly cylindric, 2 to 4 dm. long, many- and densely-flowered. Flowers spread- ing, white, sweet-scented, 1'9 to 2*3 сш. across; floral bract erect, lanceolate, acu- minate, about as long as the erect ovary. Sepals about equal, oblong, obtuse, ciliolate- the dorsal conduplicate; the lateral pair spreading, their margins involute. Petals larger than the sepals, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, bluntly acuminate, somewhat gibbous on the lower side, spreading upwards in front of the dorsal sepal, but not conniving with it to form a hood. Zip as long as the petals, oblong, 3-lobed to about the middle; lateral lobes linear, acuminate, somewhat diverging at their apices; midlobe shorter, oblong, tapering to a blunt point. Column very short and broad. Anther-cells close together but not. contiguous, without tubes; pollinia obovoid; the caudicles short, tapering to the oblong-elliptic gland. Staminodes oblong, obtuse. Stigmas two, obovate-oblong, spreading. King & Pantling ` in Ann. В. Bot. Gard, Cale. viii, 325, t. 499. Platanthera constricta Lindl. in. Wall, Cat. 7043. Hab. goodyerowes Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7066B. (not of Don) Herminium constrictum Lindl. im Bot. Reg. under

1449. Perisiylus constrictus Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 300; Krnzl Orch. Gen. and Sp. I, 508. Orchis leucantha Herb. Ham.

Axx, Roy. Вот. GARD», CALO., Vor. IX.

194 OPHRYDE.

Dehra Dun іп sál forest, Mackinnon; Siwalik range, Duthie’s collector No. 24176; Sarju Valley іп Kumaon, /udhie’s collector No, 24060, Flowers during July and August. Found also in Sikkim, on the Khasia Hills, Assam, Chittagong, and in Upper and Lower Burma.

99. HABENARIA GALEANDRA Benth. Fl. Hongk. 363.

Tubers small, globose or oblong. Stem 1:5 to 3 dm. high, slender, glabrous or puberulous, usually tinged with purple, the lower portion bearing a few loose tubular sheaths. Leaves З to 5:5 em. long, oblong-lanceolate, blunt or sub-acute, narrowed to the base and amplexicaul, dark green above, and usually with a bright purple band down the centre. Spite 1 to 1:5 dm., many-flowered; floral bracts leaflike, much longer than the flowers, diminishing upwards. Flowers about 12 mm. in diam., pale purple. Sepals and petals ovate-lanceolate, acuminate. Dorsal sepal erect, the lateral | pair spreading, sub-faleate. Petals rather shorter than the sepals, conniving with the dorsal one. Lip broad, cuneiformly obovate or obcordate, often mucronate, shortly clawed, sides erect, upper surface puberulous at the base; spur stout, about half as long as the ovary. Awther-cells approximate; pollinia narrowly obovate, caudicles short, tapering into the elongate flat glands. Staminodes distinct, curving forward and in front of the anther-tubes. Ovary curved, the ribs brownish purple and puberulous. Hook. کر‎ Fl Br. Ind. vi, 163; Collett Fl. Siml. 506. Platanthera obcordata Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7050; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 290; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. бос. xxxvi, 56, P, galeandra Reichb. f. in Linnea xxv, 226. Р. Championi Lindl. in Hook, Journ Bot. vii, 38. Gymnadenia obcordata and galeandra Reichb. f. Ot. Bot. Hamb, 32, 33. Orchis obcordaía Buch.-Ham. іп Don Prod. 230. 0. Susanne, Herb. Heyne.

Simla Hills, Stoliczka, Collett; Mussoorie range between 5,000 and 7,000 feet, Vicary, Mackinnon, Duthie Nos. 2575, 21755, 22732; Garhwál, Falconer, Royle ; British Garhwál near Lansdowne, Roberis; Kumaon 7,000 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom No, 0; Т, Thomson, Colonel Davidson, Duthte’s collector No. 21064. Flowers in August. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Khasia and Naga Hills, Upper Burma and China. No record from Sikkim,

PLATE 144.—Habenaria galeandra Benth, A plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, side view of flower; 2, front view of column, with lip attached (the latter spread out); 3, front view of column, further enlarged; 4, pollinia ;—al/ enlarged.

30. HABENARIA sECUNDIFLORA Hook. f. Ie. Pl. 2321.

Plant 1 to 95 dm. high; tubers ellipsoid. Stem with a few small sheaths at the base. Leaves two or three, distant 5 to 12°5 em., linear, acuminate, scarcely narrowed to the tubular sheath. Bracts below the raceme linear, acuminate. Raceme up to 1 dm. in length. Flowers secund, rather.crowded, 9 mm. long, pink; floral bract lanceolate, a the margins ciliolate, the lower ones much longer than the curved tumid subsessile ovary. Sepals sub-equal, lanceolate. Petals linear, sub-acute, falcate, minutely papillose, connivent with the three sepals to form a hood over the column. Тар ав long ав the sepals, deflexed, widening towards the 3-lobed apex; lateral lobes trian- _ gular, not diverging; midlobe larger, oblong, acute; spur shorter than the ovary, rather

HABENARIA. 195

broadly conical from a contracted base, its apex blunt, Column long. Anther-cells parallel, contiguous; pollinia oblong-obovoid; caudicles short, stout; glands large, lan- ceolate, acuminate, united for half their length by their inner edges. Staminodes oblong, rugulose, Infertile stigma large, егесі, 2-lobed, each lobe faleately oblanceolate and covering the base of the anther. Fertile stigmas united, transversely oblong, forming a horizontal band below the infertile one, Hook f. Fl. Br, Ind. vi, 165; р Кш & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Cale., viii, 330, t. 433. Peristylus secundiflorus Krnzl. Orch. Gen, and Sp. i, 518.

In a forest near Sosa in Eastern Kumaon between 9,000 and 10,000 feet, Duthie No. 3421. Flowers in September. It has been collected also in Sikkim, Bhutan and in E. Tibet,

This species bears а striking resemblance to 77. urceolata; moreover, in both of them, the stigmas are united and the inflorescence is seound. In Н, secundiflora the sepals and petals are connivent, and together form a hood over the blunt column; the lip is 3-lobed, and the polliniar glands are united. This cohesion of the glands occurs also in М. plantaginea; but, as has been pointed out under that species, they ultimately separate.

31. HABENARIA Grirriram Hook, f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 197 ; Ic. Pl, 2322.

Tubers small, oblong. Stem 15 to З dm, high, slender, straight or flexuous, few- leaved, Leaves 25 to 6 cm. long, elliptic or linear-oblong, acute or obtuse, mem- branous, the lower subpetioled. Spite secund, 2°5 to 6 em. long, densely flowered. Flowers very small, white, deflexed; floral bract, ovate-lanceolate, variable in length. Sepals and petals 5 mm. long, spreading at their tips. Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, the lateral pair obliquely linear-oblong. Pedals linear-lanceolate. Zip 4 mm. long, ` oblong, 3-fid. at the apex; side lobes divaricate, obtuse; midlobe longer and broader; spur very short, and slightly curved outwards. Ат е” broad, rounded ог retuse at the apex, cells diverging at the base; pollinia obovate, the caudicles short and very slender, glands minute. S/aminodes two, filiform, usually longer than the anther, attached to the base and back of each cell. Rostellum forked, its branches diverging beneath the anther-cells. Capsule З mm. long, oval, shortly stalked, the ribs thick. H. decipiens Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 165 (not of Wight). Diphylax Стрий Krnzl Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 599. Herminium Griff. Notul. iii, 270; Ic. Pl. As. t. 285, fig. 1.

Bundai in the Chitral district at 4,000 feet, Harriss (Duthie’s Nos. 1667, 1668) Jhelam Valley in Kashmir between 5,000 and 6,000 feet, Duthie No. 10926; Lahul between 4,000 and 5,000 feet, Т. Thomson; below Simla at 3,000 feet, Edgeworth; Tutwa Gádh in Jaunsar between 3,000 and 4,000 feet, Gleadow ; Asno in T. Garhwál, Gamble No. 25490 (under Goodyera); Mussoorie range 6 to 7,000 feet, King (under Zeuxine), Mackinnon (Duthie’s Nos. 22733, 24170). Е lowers from March to May.

| This remarkable species was found originally by Griffith in Afghanistan (Kew Distrib, No. 5326). It was collected mauy years afterwards by Dr. Aitchison in the Kurram Valley (his number 322). Тһе difficulty in determining its floral structure from herbarium specimens was the cause of this species having been referred at different times to no fewer than eight genera. It tears a strong outward resemblance to (Spiranthes, under which genus Griffith’s specimens were pro- visionally placed. In Gleadow’s specimens, collected in Jaunsar, the staminodes are not longer than the anther, and the branches of the rostellum, instead of spreading laterally, are directed forwards; also they are flat with wide bases and incurved at their apices,

Axx. Roy. Bor. Garp., Carc., Vou. IX.

106 | 0 ۰

Prate 145. Habenaria Griffithii Hook. f. А plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, side view of flower; 2, lip; 3, front view of column, showing the anther, the two filiform staminoles and the forked rostellum; 4, column, seen from behind; 5, pollinia;—ai/

enlarged.

49. Herminium Linn.

Erect terrestrial tuberous-rooted herbs of small size. Leaves solitary or few, cauline or radical, sheathing at the base. Flowers in spikes, green or green and white, Sepals subequal, free, or the dorsal conniving with the petals to form a hood, the lateral pair spreading, sometimes fleshy, always entire. Lip adnate to the face of the column, as long as or longer than the sepals, often fleshy, broad or narrow, entire or 3- or 5-fid., the base concave or very shortly saccate, the upper surface sometimes with calli sr pits near the base. Column very short; anther-cells adnate to its face, parallel or slightly divergent below; pollinia two, the caudicles usually short or sometimes absent ; the glands small and orbicular or elliptic, or large hollow and horn-like. Staminodes two, rugulose, attached outside the anther-cells. Stigmas 2, distant or conjoined. Species about 14, in the temperate and alpine regions of Europe and Asia.

Lip 3-lobed. Petals subconnivent with the dorsal sepal, flowers green. Spike short, leaves broadly lanceolate š H. Monorchis. Spike long and narrow, leaves وضو تا مز‎ 2... 9. AH. angustifolium.

Sepals and petals spreading.

Petals and lip white, the lip obscurely saccate . . 2. H. Mackinnoni. Flowers altogether green, lip distinctly saccate . . 4. H. congestum. Lip entire. ПЕ Luce UO qo XN тәре, ww г Oy М, DIN. Leaf solitary. Leaf short, oblong-lanceolate, petals green, subrotund 6. H. pugioniforme. Leaf linear-lanceolate, petals yellow, linear . . . . . 7. H. gramineum.

1. Невмтутом Monorcuis, К. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v, 191,

Plant 7-5 to 15 em, high. Tubers globose or ellipsoid. Stem with one or two sheaths at the base, the upper one often leaflike. Leaves two or three, near the base of the stem, 2:2 to 10 ст. long, oblong-lanceolate, acute, shining. Peduncle bearing one or two lanceolate acuminate bracts. Spike 2:5 to 5 em. long, densely flowered, cylindrical or sub-secund. Flowers decurved, 4 mm. in diam., yellowish-green, musk- scented ; floral bract lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than or equalling the ovary. Sepals 9 mm. long, oblong, obtuse or sub-acute, the lateral pair narrower. Petals connivent with the sepals and a little longer, obliquely oblong-ligulate, tips fleshy. Zip as long as the petals, 3-fid., concave at the base, lobes narrow, obtuse, the middle one the longest. Anther-cells diverging above ; pollinia globose, caudicles very short and slender, glands concave. Staminodes oe rugulose. Rostellum prominent at the base of the anther-cells. Capsule 7 mm. long. turgid, twisted, its beak curved downwards. Lindl. Gen, and Sp. Orch. 305; Reichb, Fl, Germ. xiii, t, 415; Boiss. Fl, Or. v, 82; Hook. f.

HERMINIUM. 197

ЕІ. Br. Ind. vi, 128; Krnzl. Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 531; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. Soc. xxxvi (1903), 51. Ophrys Monorchis Linn, Sp. РІ. 947.

Throughout the Western Himalaya at elevations between 9,000 and 14,000 feet. Hazara, Duthie’s collector Nos. 21316, 23170; Baltistan, 7. Thomson, Duthie No. 12010; Kashmir, €. В. Clarke Nos. 30737, 31509; Lahul, Jaeschke ; Pangi, Duthie’s collector No. 23391; Hattu near Simla, 7. Thomson; Gangotri Valely, Duthie No. 516; Kumaon Strachey & Winterbottom No. 34, Duthie Nos. 3415, 6009, Duthie’s collector No. 94106 Flowers during July and August, It is found also in Sikkim and in China, and is widely diffused in N. Asia and Europe.

РгАтк 146. Herminium Monorchis R, Br. А plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, side view of flower; 2, ditto, with the sepals removed; 3, column, with lip attached; 4, pollinia ;—all enlarged,

9. HERMINIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Benth. ex Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind, vi, 129.

Tubers small, oblong or ellipsoid. Stem tall, 2*5 to 7:5 dm., clothed at the base "with acute tubular sheaths. Leaves usually three, up to 2۰5 dm. long, linear, acuminate, with long sheaths, Spike 6 to 25 em. long, narrow, cylindric, many-flowered. Flowers crowded, very small, green; floral braci linear-lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than or equalling the ovary. Sepals sub-equal, oblong, obtuse, the dorsal one connivent with the petals to form a hood; lateral pair spreading. Petals linear, as long as the sepals. Lip much longer than the sepals, deflexed from the base, auricled on its lower half and with a small concavity at the base, apical portion 3-fid; midlobe much shorter than the slender curved filiform side lobes. Anther-cells parallel, contiguous; pollinia pyriform, with truncate bases, caudicles very short and slender; glands minute, discoid. Stami- nodes large. Stigmas two, transversely oblong, lying close together below the anther- cells. King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 332, t. 434; Collett FI. Siml. 499, t. 163; Krnzl. Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 533; Rolfe in Journ, Linn. Soc, xxxvi (1903), 50. Aceras angustifolia Lindl. in Wall. Cat. 7061; Gen. and Sp. Orch. 282; Bot. Reg. under t. 1525; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, 43; Royle Ш. Bot. Him. t. 87; Wight le. 1691. H, longicruris, Wright in Mem. Amer. Acad. Ser. 2, vi, 141. Thisbe Fale. in Lindl. Veg. Kingd. 183c (name only).

Abundant throughout the Western Himalaya from Kashmir to Kumaon at elevations between 4,000 and 10,000 feet, flowering during July and August. It extends eastwards to Nepal, Sikkim, Bhutan, the Khasia and Naga Hills, also in Tenasserim, China, Japan, Java and Timor.

3.%,Hermintum MAcKINNON: Duthie in Journ. As. бос. Beng. lxxi (1902), part 2, 44.

Whole plant up to 25 dm. Tubers narrowly oblong. Lower portion of the stem clothed with a few close-fitting tubular subacute sheaths. Leaves two, 12 to 14 cm. long and 1 to 2 сш. in breadth, oblong or linear-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, with loosely amplexicaul tubular bases, 3-5 veined. Spike cylindric, about.li em. long, many-flowered.

198 OPHRYDEJZE.

Flowers spreading, crowded, about 10 mm. across, floral bract 5 mm. long, broadly lanceolate, acuminate, a little shorter than the ovary. Sepals sub-erect, ovate-oblong, acute, green. Petals and lip white, slightly tinged with green. Petals as long as the sepals, linear-lanceolate, divergent. ip longer than the petals, trifid, deflexed from near its base, the margins reflexed; lower portion very thick and with a small concavity at the base; midlobe lanceolate, obtuse, nearly as long as the curved filiform side lobes. Anther-celis parallel, pollinia obovate-ellipsoid, caudicles very short glands discoid, reddish-brown, seated оп the diverging arms of the branched rostellum. Stuminodes large, spreading. Stigmas 2, lying beneath the rostellum, obovate, obliquely converging downwards and towards the concavity of the lip. Ovary about 6 mm. long ovate-oblong, beaked. И. laziflorum Lindl. in Herb.

Near Mussoorie at an elevation of about 6,500 feet, found growing on oak trees, but very rare, Mackinnon (Duthie’s Nos. 22993, 25421). Flowers in August. Discovered previously by Sir Joseph Hooker at Senchal in Sikkim at ап elevation of 7,000 feet (No. 279).

A very distinct species, its nearest Indian ally being Н. angustifolium, which it rather closely resembles when dried; in fact, it was amongst the specimens of the latter at Kew that a single specimen of Hooker's Senchal plant was detected. in Lindley’s Orchid herbarium are two other specimens from the same gathering. In the Kew collection of drawings there is a coloured one of this Senchal plant received from the Caleutta gardens in 1876. It agrees in all essential particulars with the plate here given of H. Mackinnoni. It is smaller and altogether a more delicate plant than H. angustifolium, with fewer shorter and broader leaves; the flowering spike also is shorter and broader, the petals and lip are white, and the midlobe is much longer. The shape of the ovary is also very different.

Puatk 149. Herminium Mackinnoni Duthie. А plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, front view of flower, with the sepals removed; 2, side view of flower; 3, front view of column, with lower portion of lip attached; 4, ditto, seen more from below; 5, pollinia; —all enlarged, |

4. HERMINIUM CONGESTUM Lindl, in Wall Cat. No. 7068.

Plant 1 to 2 dm. high. Tuber sub-globose, hairy. Lower portion of stem clothed with one or two short wide sheaths, Leaves two or three, near the base of the stem, x to 10 em. long, narrowly oblong-elliptic or oblanceolate, sub-acute or obtuse. Peduncle stout, naked, or with a single linear or leaf-like bract. Spike rather narrow, 5 to 10 еш. long, many- and densely-flowered. Flowers green, minute, decurved ; floral Бгасё ovate, acute, much shorter than the beaked ovary. Sepals sub-equal, obtuse, the dorsal. broadly ovate; lateral pair narrower, slightly spreading, oblong and acute. Petals a little longer than the sepals, obliquely lanceolate, acute. Lip longer than the sepals, fleshy, triangularly ovate-lanceolate, obtuse; side lobes very narrow, cranu- late, apical lobe entire; upper surface with two small calli at the base: spur saccate. sub-globose. Anther-ceils diverging towards the base; pollinia sub-globose, caudicles very short, attached obliquely to the horn-like glands. Staminodes elongate, tapering at the ends, Stigmas two, placed behind the caudicles of the pollinia and above the entrance to the spur. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 305; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iii, 43; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi. 130; King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Cale.

HERMINIUM. 189

viii, 335, t. 440; Krnzl Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 930. H. wunalascheense Reichb. f. Ic. Fl. Germ. xiii, 107, t. 417. H. Schischmarefiana Chamiss. in Linnæa їй, 29. Platanthera Schischmarefiana Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 986, Neottia macrophylla Don. ' Prod. 27. Spiranthes macrophylla and unalaschcensis Spreng. Syst, ii. 708.

Tishung Pass in the Astor District of Baltistan, J. E. Winterbottom No. 749, Каат Valley in Kumaon between 8,000 and 9,000 feet, Duthie’s collector No. 94103. Flowers during July and August, It extends eastwards to Nepal and Sikkim, and is found also in the Aleutian Islands,

5. Невмікісм Durar Hook. f. Ic. РІ, 2199A; Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 130.

Whole plant 1 to 2:5 dm. Tubers ellipsoid. Lower portion of stem bearing a single very loose sheath. Leaves two or three, from below the middle of the stem, 5 to 198 ст. long, linear or oblanceolate, acuminate. Scape overtopping the leaves, rather stovt ‘curved, naked. Spike 5 to 10 cm., sub-secund, many-flowered. Flowers deflexed, рае green, 4 mm. in diam.; floral bract much shorter than the curved and Weaked ovary Sepals obtuse, dorsal broadly oblong, the lateral pair smaller sub-faleate, Petals ovate to ovate-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, fleshy. Lip as long as the sepals, triangular or orbicular-ovate, entire, obtuse or sub-acute, with a small globose saccate spur at the base, Upper surface with two small elliptic calli near the base. Anther oblong, the celis parallel; pollinia sub-globose, caudicles short, slender, inserted within the conical trun- cate horn-like glands, Staminodes large, spreading. Stigmatic processes large, clavate; rostellum erect, subulate. Krnzl, Orch. Gen, and Sp. i, 535.

Western Himalaya 8,000 to 12,000 feet, T. Thomson; Laka, Edgeworth; Garhwál, King ; Badrinath, Herb. Saharanpur; Kuari Pass in British Garhwál 11,000 to 19,000 feet, Duthie No. 4424; Rálam Valley in Kumaon 8,000 to 9,000 feet, Duthie No. 9413. Káli Valley above Budhi 10,000 to 11,000 feet, Duthie No. 6001, 24104; Gori Valley, Duthie’s collector No. 24105. Flowers during August and September.

Prats 147. Herminium Duthiei Hook. f. А plant,—of natural size, Fig. 1, side view of flower; 2, ditto, with the sepals removed; 3, column, with lip attached; 4, flowers, seen from above and with the sepals removed; 5, pollinia ;—all enlarged.

6. HrRMINIUM PUGIONIFORME Lindl. MSS, ex. Hook. f, Fl. Br. Ind, vi, 130.

Height of whole plant 5 to 17:5 em. Tuber small, globose. Stem with one or two loose sheaths at the base, Leaf solitary, sub-radical, shorter than the scape, 2 to 6 ст. long, oblong to linear-lanceolate, rounded or sub-acute at the apex. Scape naked, firm and rather stout towards the base. Spike 1 to 5 em. long, laxly flowered. Flowers minute, few, sub-erect, green; floral ёғасі sub-orbicular, much shorter than the ovary. Dorsal sepal orbicular, forming with the petals a hood over the column; lateral pair very broad, obtuse. Petals smaller, concave, the edges crenulate. Jip as long as the lateral sepals, fleshy, base dilated and with two deep oval pits, anterior portion dagger-shaped. Anther-cells divergent towards their bases, the tubes spreading, pollinia obliquely elliptic, caudicles obscure, glands elliptic. Stamfnodes oblong, obtuse. Stigmas united. King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 333, t. 427; Krnzl. Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 534.

200 OPHRYDEA,

Above Gulmarg in Kashmir at about 12,000 feet, Atchison ; Garhwal, on the north- ern slopes of Srikínta in the Bághiráthi Valley at elevations between 14,000 and 15,000 ` feet, Duthie No. 517. Flowers in August. Found also in Sikkim.

T. Невмімішм GRAMINEUM Lindl. in Wall. Cat, 7413.

Height of plant 5 to 20 cm, Tubers unequal, oblong or sub-globose. Siem with a single loose sheath at its base. Zeaf solitary, linear or narrowly oblanceolate, acute, very variable in length, but shorter than the inflorescence. Scape naked, slender but firm. Spike 3 to 9 em. long, laxly many-flowered; the rachis striated and somewhat hispid. Flowers minute, secund, yellowish-green; floral bract about 5 mm. long, equalling or shorter than the curved beaked ovary, subulate from a broad clasping base, entire or occasionally more or less trifid. Dorsal sepal oblong or broadly ovate; the lateral pair ovate, obtuse, spreading. Petals erect, as long as the sepals, sub-falcately linear, obtuse, thick, yellow. Jip entire, shorter than the petals, ovate-acuminate, slightly saccate at the base; basal portion pale yellow, curved forwards, concave, the margins ciliate ; terminal portion bright yellow, tilted upwards and with reflexed edges. Anther-cells parallel; pollinia sub-globose, white tinged with lilac, caudicles very short; glands large, shining, green or tinged with brown. Staminodes large, rugulose. Stigmatic processes short. Rostelium large, recurved, retuse, fleshy. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 305; Royle Il. t. 87, fig. 3; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind, vi, 131; Krnzl Orch. Gen. апа Sp. i, 535. Neottia monophylla Don. Prod. 27. Spiranthes monophylla Spreng. Syst. Veg. iii, 709.

N. W. India, Royle; Garhwál, Falconer; Mussoorie range, very common on lime- stone rocks at elevations between 5,000 and 7,000 feet, Edgeworth, Mackinnon, Duthie Nos. 17828, 21770, 22713; Kumaon at about 8,500 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom No. 31; Sarju and Кай Valleys іп Kumaor, Duthie’s collector No. 24107. Flowers during July and August. It extends into Nepal.

This species is not included in Colletts Flora of Simla, where it no doubt occurs. Owing probably to its small size and inconspicuous colouring, it has as yet escaped notice.

PLATE 148.. Herminium gramineum Lindl. A plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, side view of flower; 2, ditto, with the sepals and petals removed; 3, a trifid bract; 4, column showing the anther-cells, staminodes, stigmatic processes and the prominent rostellum ; 5, pollinia;—all enlarged.

43. Hemipilia Lindl.

Terrestrial l-leaved tuberous-rooted herbs. Leaf radical, broad. Flowers laxly racemose. Sepals equal in length, lateral spreading. Petals broadly ovate, entire. Lip continuous with the column, broad, obscurely 3-lobed, spreading ; spur trumpet» shaped. Column very short; rostellum broad, projecting from between the anther cells, complicate; stigmatic processes none; anther-cells diverging, tips produced into grooves of the rostellum; pollinia 2, caudicles long; glands distant, exposed.—Species 6—one Himalayan, one in Burma, and four in China.

HEMIPILIA CORDIFOLIA Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 296.

Plant 1:5 to 2 dm, high, glabrous. Zubers ovoid ог subglobose. Leaf fleshy, ` amplexicaul, 5 to 10 em. long, ovate-cordate obtuse or acute, mauy-nerved. Raceme

SATYRIUM 201

lax-flowered, 5 to 6 cm. long; the peduncle bearing one to three lanceolate, acuminate bracts, Flowers about 1*5 ст. in diam, purple; floral bracts lanceolate, acuminate, shorter than the slender curved beaked ovaries, Dorsal sepal erect, 13 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, with a blunt inflexed tip; lateral pair spreading, equalling the dorsal in length, faleately oblong. Petals a little shorter than the sepals, obliquely ovate, sub-acute, erect and forming a hood with the dorsal sepal. Zip continuous with the column, 3-lobed, the lateral lobes rounded and reflexed; mid-lobe broad, suberenate bluntly acuminate, pubescent; spur trumpet-shaped, deflexed, shorter than the ovary, often lobed at the apex. Anéher-cells nearly parallel, distant. Polliniz obliquely clavate; caudicles dilated above, curved; glands minute, discoid, bifid. Capsule 9% cm, long. Royle Ш. Him. Bot. 367; Hook, f. Fl. Br. Ind, vi, 167; Krnzl. Orch, Gen, and Sp. i, 650; Collett Fl. Siml. 506, fig. 167. Platanthera cordifolia Lindl. in Wall, Cat. 7049.

Simla at 6,000 feet, Gamble Nos. 4650, 6441; Mussoorie range, Falconer, Edgeworth, Mackinnon, Duthie No. 21768; Kumaon at 7,000 feet, Strachey & Winterbottom No. 87; below Naini Tal 5,000 to 6,000 feet, Colonel Davidson, Duthie No. 4425. Flowers during August and September. It extends eastwards to Nepal.

Рглте 150. НешірШа cordifolia Lindl, А plant,—of natural size. Fig. 1, side view of flower; 2, front view of ditto, deprived of the sepals and petals and with the lip spread out; 3, front view of column; 4, pollinia;—a// enlarged.

44. Satyrium Swartz.

Terrestrial erect leafy herbs with undivided oblong tubers. Leaves (in the Indian species) large, fleshy, with wide sheaths. Flowers in dense spikes, Sepals and petals subsimilar, free, spreading or reflexed. Zip superior (the ovary not being twisted), adnate to the base of the column, erect, broad, hood-shaped, 2-spurred or 2-saccate. Column much arcned, terete. Stigma single, convex or concave, borne on the upper lobe of the column. Anther-cells dorsal or lateral, tumid, sub-parallel, their tubes at a lower level than the stigma, pointing forward; pollinia 2, caudicles curved, ending in two large sometimes connate glands.—Species about 100, mostly in extra-tropical S. Africa.

SATYRIUM NEPALENSE, Don. Prod. Fl. Nep. 26.

Whole plant 5 to 75 dm. high; бе’ oval, producing stolons each with a small tuber at its end. Stem glabrous, bearing several broad imbricating sheaths at the base. Leaves two or three, fleshy, 1 to 2:5 dm. long and 3:5 to 9 сш. broad, narrowly elliptic, subacute, their bases broad and sheathing. Peduncie, clothed with many sub-tubular lanceolate-oblong acute or acuminate bracts. Spike 5 to 17 em. long, densely flowered. Flowers 8 mm, across at the mouth, pink or white, sweet-scented ; floral bract oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, deflexed, much longer than the turgid ovary. Sepals linear-oblong, obtuse, recurved, ciliolate. Petals narrower than the sepals, obtuse, entire. Гір superior, hooded, broadly oblong, keeled on the back; spurs usually twice as long as the ovary, Column curved, expanded at the apex. Stigma projecting forwards above the anther, convex, anticous. Anther-ceiis turgid, distant and subparallel on the sides of the column below the stigma; pollinia 2, pyriform, bipartite; caudicles slender, curved, directed downwards and forwards, each ending in a thick discoid gland. Staminodes vugulose, placed above the anther-cells; rostellum broadly and bluntly

Ах» Roy. Вот. Garb., Carco., Vor. IX.

202 0۰

triangular. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch, 340; in Journ. Linn. Soc. iij, 44; Wight Ic. 929; Bot. Mag. 6625; Wall. Cat. 7025; Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 168; King & Pantling in Ann. R. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 338, t. 414; Krantzlin Orch. Gen, and Sp. i 714; Collett Fl. Siml, 507 fig. 168; Rolfe in Journ. Linn. бос. xxxvi (1903), 63. S. Perrotietianum A. Rich. in Ann. Se. Nat, Ser. 2, xv, 70, t. 53; Wight Ic. 1716. S. albóforum А. Rich. Le.; Wight Іс. 1717. 8. pallidum A. Rich. l.c.

Abundant throughout the Western Himalaya on open hillsides at elevations between 4,000 and 10,000 feet. Flowers during September and October. It extends eastwards to Nepal Sikkim, Bhutan and the Khasia Hills; and is found algo in the hilly parts of S. India and in Upper Burma to Tibet and China. А form with larger and much thicker leaves and bracts is occasionally met with. :

CY PRIPEDIUM. 208

TRIBE VIL—(CYPRIPEDIEE,

“к:

Perfect anthers two, one оп each side of the conjoined etd enl. Staminode single, large, fleshy; lip large, saccate.

45. Cypripedium Linn,

Terrestrial herbs, stemless or with a leafy annual stem. Leaves coriaceous, evergreen, smooth and often coloured; or membranous, deciduous and plicate. Flowers large, usually solitary (rarely in 1425) borne оп а scape or at the apex of a leafy stem. Sepals spreading, valvate or imbricate in aestivation; the dorsal large, erect; the lateral pair smaller, narrower and usually connate under and behind the lip. Petals free, varying in shape, often very long. Jip sessile with small narrow auricle-like, often inflexed side lobes and a large inflated saccate mid-lobe. Column short, terete Anthers 2, subglobose, the cells parallel, contiguous; pollen viscid or glutinous. Stigma forming a convex often rugulose disk, deflexed and hidden by the large disciform, fleshy staminode. Ovary 1-celled. و‎ about 80, in temperate and tropical Aiia and America, also in Europe.

Sepals and petals green or pale yellow, lip white қ қ 1. C. cordigerum. Flowers smaller, vesmh and к streaked with red, lip purplish . . & С. himataicum.

1. CYPRIPEDIUM CORDIGERUM Don Prod. Fl. Nep. 37.

Stem 9:5 to 6 dm. in height, stout or slender, puberulous. Leaves several, approxi- mate or scattered, 7:5 to 15 em. long and 5 to 10 сш, wide, from nearly orbicular to lanceolate; acute or acuminate, membranous, plaited. Flowers solitary; bract leaflike, 9:5 to 10 cm. long. Sepals and petals spreading, longer than the lip, green varying to pale yellow or white. Dorsal sepal ovate-acuminate; lateral pair slightly longer, connate, entire or split at the apex. Petals equalling the dorsal sepal in length, narrowly lan- ceolate, acuminate. Lip oblong, white often with a few purple spots outside and near the base. Column yellow. Staminode 10 mm. long, ovate or oblong-cordate, yellow with reddish-brown blotches near the apex. Ovary fusiform, glandular-pubescent. Capsule erect, clavate, about 9:8 сш. long. Lindl. Gen. and Sp. Orch. 527; Dene in Jacquem. Voy. Bot. 165, t. 166; Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 170; Krnzl. Orch. Gen. and Sp. i, 17; Collett Fl, Siml. 508,

Widely distributed throughout the Western Himalaya from Hazara to W. Nepal at elevations between 8,000 and 12,000 feet, usually found in openings or on the outskirts of forests. It flowers during the month of June.

Prate 151. Cypripedium cordigerum Don. Upper portion of plant,—o/ natural size, Fig. 1, side view of flower, with the sepals and petals removed; 2, the connate lateral sepals; 3, staminode; 4, side view of column ;—a// enlarged.

Ann. Вот. Bor. Gan». Carc, Vor. IX.

204 ! CYPRIPEDIUM. 9. CYPRIPEDIUM HIMALAIcUM Rolfe in Journ. Linn. бос, xxix (1892), 319,

Height of plant 2 to 4 dm. Stem clothed at the base with three or four loose tubular acute sheaths, Leaves usually three, up to 85 cm, long, ovate-elliptie or oblong, acute, slightly narrowed to the sheathing base, puberulous; the lower and upper ones smaller and narrower. Peduncle pubescent, bearing a solitary flower, Flower reddish- ог purplish-red, 6:2 cm. in vertical diam.; floral bract longer than the flower, narrowly elliptic, acute or acuminate, slightly concave, many-nerved. Dorsal sepal broadly ovate, acute, somewhat concave; lateral pair narrower and slightly longer, connate under the lip. Petals spreading, longer than the dorsal sepal, narrowly oblong, subacute. Lip sub- globose, many-nerved, pendent, its mouth wide and crenate, Staminode broadly ovate, obtuse, slightly cordate at the base. Franch. in Journ. de Bot. viii (1894), 249; Bot. Mag. t. 9988; King & Pantling in Ann. К. Bot. Gard. Cale. viii, 342, t. 448; Rolfe in Journ, Linn. Soc. xxxvi (1903), 65; С. macranthon Hook. f. Fl. Br. Ind. vi, 170 (in part and not of Swartz). 0. macranthos Sw., var. himalaicum Krnzl. Orch. Gen. and Sp. І. 26.

On the Chor mountain near Simla, ? Royle (Herb. Saharanpur). Above Jhála in the Bághirathi Valley between 12,000 and 13,000 feet, Duthie No. 192 ; Byáns district of N. Kumaon in birch forests between 11,000 and 12,000 feet, Duthie No. 5994. Flowers during July and August. Found also in Sikkim and Bhutan and beyond the British frontier in E. Tibet and China.

INDEX TO THE PLATES.

APHYLLORCHIS Gollani Duthie . Я Я ; ; 5 5 қ 2429 CALANTHE pachystalix Reichb. f. ‘ ‘ js dde ie wise سو ور ام‎ cd (i,

— plantaginea Lind. . i қ б 1 в ; оз tricarinata Lindi. Я А қ х 1 à қ . 103 CIRRHOPETALUM Hookeri Duthie . қ و‎ RA А қ қ ہے‎ i Сүмвітісм Mackinnoni Duthie . ^ ^ ç š қ А ۱ s «АБО macrorhizon Lindl. . ‘ ; ^ ; қ ‘ "E GU CYPRIPEDIUM cordigerum Don , . > oe ioi fens д, МЕ OL DENDROBIUM alpestre Royle š қ қ ; Š ë y $ 97 -- -- Gamblei King $ Panti, í š А қ ; ; ; 99 normale Fale. ^ š i ° " қ Е M ---------- primulinum Zub. s . 212% C Са . 98 Евлл alba Lindl. ў A қ Š e š , š ; с Об 2010۶74 explanata Тай. - қ ; ; š ; ; ‘ ; . 108

flava Hook. f. . é А А 4 4 А ó х » 0 ———— herbacea Lindl. . i ó i Š қ А 5 5 ‚ 100 Hormusjii Duthie к қ š А ° . А М |. 109 Mackinnoni Duthie . к қ ; қ А қ s v; RUE -------- obtusa Hook. f. . ë А è š š . ‘ i or UE |

—--

GASTRODIA orobanchoides Benth. 1 š š š 1 . ¿ "E Vid Goopyera biflora Hook. f. А ь ; i қ . А ; SU Dri cordata Benth. Š ; j š z i š ç s. ДАБ

HABENARIA Aitchisont Reichb. f. ; š А š š ‘ ; .. 188 ---- commelinifolia Тай. ; š ; ‘ қ ç А 2 104 ---------- digitata Lindl. ‘ А $ ° ` ç А ‚ 196 -------- diphylla Dalz. ра О و رت‎ о ВГ -------- Edgeworthii Hook. f. Р қ ^ š 5 Қ š с 2209 ———— Elisabethe Duthie . р : А А А А ^ CODE --- КИЛО وب وھ و ہے یو وو‎ 4: д a ---------- Griffithii Hook. f. . Я . ^ i қ ó А . 145 سس‎ intermedia Don " ў ; " ‘ қ Š ^ 120% -------- latilabris Hook. f. . š А 5 5 Я š + |. 280 Lawii Hook. f. A í С í А ; á š г 2145 ————— marginata Colebr. . А . > . . . . š

---------- pectinata Don á ° š қ . . à é ^ — plantaginea Lindl. . ; š o ۵9ہ‎ . қ г 103 سے‎ pubescens Lindl. . . n қ _ қ

Susanne А. Br. . ¿ қ қ e қ j ; . 399 triflora Don А ; ^ š ` А ‘ & . 95 ---------- viridis R. Br. š j ; à 5 ^ P. x . dL HEMIPILIA cordifolia Lindl. . è ; š š í { š . 150 Herminivm Duthiei Hook.f. . . а é (7 4$... WM СИИИ ع ہے تھا‎ 22522202522, 16 Mackinnoni Duthie . . : ¿ 8 ç; а ам — Monorchis Д. Br. . ь ç š $ ; ‘ š " بی‎

Liparts rostrata Reich. f. са тана =; š

Listera Inayati Duthie kashmiriana Duthie ——— microglottis Duthie ovata R. Br. Місковтүілв Mackinnoni Duthte Овевомтл Falconeri Hook. £, Свковсн1; indica Hook. f. Rolfei Duthie РосомтаА carinata Lindi.

e ٠

Kusi

——— Mackinnoni Duthie Улкрл Roxburghii В. Br.

flabelliformis Dalz. & Gibs.

INDEX.

= -

Асатре papiilosa, Lindl. i ee سید‎ a MU GATA ый, Lindl. E tiba i . 119 Aceras angustifolia, Lindl. ec gh nonem ^ 197 » tricarinata; Lindl. witha. date? V... ЖЕ Adenostylis emarginata, Blume. а а" . 169 CEPHALANTHERA, Rich. ےھ‎ EM 169 i integerrima, Blume. ` š é . 169 a acuminata, Lindl. " ° , 160 Жівіркв, Lour. š š š я i ç . 142 + ensifolia, Rich. - 4 š . 160 » affine, Wall. ee ee š ر‎ . 142 ” -oyleana, Regel. . в AAS

p. @@со UF, АШЫ -n еса pe ow nha Xyphophyllum, Reichb. n muy

7 carnosum, Griff. Ё { ж E . 188 ENGA usneoides, Lindl. ‘ ë š . 142 » cornutum, Roxb. А қ 5 š - 143 Chrysobaphus Roxburghii, Wall. . 4 š 3 222270 » cristatum; Wall. ‘ å š А ç . 146 Cionisaecus lanceolatus, Breda. € 5 s . 165 5 difforme, Wall. Е è è ы ‘ . 139 CIREHOPETALUM, Lindl. р $ 165 » guttatum, Roxb. š қ š . š . 144 Ы bootanense, Griff, Д 106 » — Hystriz, Lindl. А ç سی یں‎ а аА » cespitosum, Wall. š : 545. 7 5 leopardorum, Wall. . % š š . 148 ñ Hookeri, Duthie. и é 5 . 106 5 Lobbii, Hort. . 2 4 " 7 Р . 142 й maculosum, Lindl š ^ š . 106 РА multiflorum, Roxb. ç š š š . 142 % refractum, Zoll. ^ А ¢ 107 ә odoratum, Lour. ; еі р ties š . 143 4 tripudians, Par. & Reichb. f. 4 107 ж retusum, Swartz. қ ; š " 6. 144 Wallichii, Lindl. X i i ئ‎ 307 > woseum, Lodd. Е ç А š ; . 142 бітеді, Blume. " E . 148 > taeniale, Lindl. Y " š я i . 188 کچھ سے‎ King £ Pantin : . 148 ” tessellatum, Wight. 4 А " . . 146 Өйне viride, Hartm қ ¿ š . 199 2 trigonum, Klotzch. š и " š . 142 COLOGYNE, Lindl. z $ 290 » Тейомаї, Hort. ° . ч š . . 142 4 articulata, Reichb. +. - $ z 246 ightianum, Lindl. ° ыы Š cristata, Lindl. تا‎ “tia ке Жиленіа іе; Lindl. қ У А š š . 166 7 elata, Lindl. , š š 114 ANGCTOCHILUS, Blume qe ue uU ñ fimbriata, Griff. ا‎ ai „й Roxburghii, Lindl. > pm. c. X200 á fimbriata, Lindl. qs hen 113 pee Lindleyana, Wight. 4 . i » . 109 si Hookeriana, Lindl š i 114 » montana, Lindl. š Я Kc ci . 109 i imbricata, Reichb. f. $ 116

» senilw, Lindl. А š حر‎ а ¿ 109 j khasiana, Reichb, f. ; š aA ra Smithiana, Lindl. uit مو ستھ‎ gg 109 ” ochracea, Lindl. SIRO vw a APHYLLORCHIS, Blume. ; pel. ہے‎ » ovalis, Lindl. = سے‎ жа S S ا‎ "T alpina, King & Байқа ç 5 . 156 » pallida, Reichb. f. . . . К гав " Gollani, Duthie. А 4 š ° ¿ 156 T pilosissima, Planch. Й 4 i ТИ Bletia Dabia, Don. i ےی تس یں ہے‎ le 0 precox, Lindl. PRR or NE Bonatea bengalensis, Griff. — . г yt em. o wA Wallichiana, Lindl. AS رت‎ . HE h herbacea, Wall. 00149 9i а м Er E R. Brown. pep LE чш я punduana, Lindl. eS ee О м š indica, Lindl. QUEM уе ұй Broughtonia linearis, Wall. 02, Тот 7 innata, К. Br. ` s NM vs" A Bulbophyllopsis maculosa, Reichb. f. وس ھک وا رت‎ OG Jacquemontii, Dene. É NE ғысы loot Reichb, f. «ve^, 406 Cordylestylis Jui Fes نس می‎ .-, әш

Вотлорнтлм Thouars ‚ > a 103 Cybele alpina, Fale. Se ae . Ш 5 affine, Lindl. à š š . 104 CyMBIDIOUM, Swartz. 5 à С 133 i Clarkei, Reichb. t š 2ج‎ . 105 $ Alla gnatea, Herb. mes. ^ i . 145 » * polyrhizum, Lindl, quos зеге cor ME » aloifolium, Hook. f. uae ٦ š Румии; BAN. s 727.1 v9 » aloifolium, Swartz. d IEEE کر‎

» reptans, Lindl. sc 2 105 7 bituberculatum, Hook. . JUN № 4 tripudians, Par. & Reichb. f. & <a 107 Ж crassifolium, Wall. voeem қ . 198 0-0 Lindl. ‘ ГОРОК „ Cyperifolium, Уай... VM aun ж -alismeefolia, Lindl. ^ ç s i 2 381 » erythreum, Lindl. . : is i 137 5 brevicornu, Lindl. Я E ç Ё . 120 وو‎ giganteum, Wall. . . о. 489 к. NUES НИБ Ў. eee o» »» tmbricatum, Roxb, 5c 0. HN P. oecidentalis, Lindl. ھی سو‎ о НЫ гон ай j pups Ruik у, 2 سس حا‎ cam » . longifolium, Don. pu. oT ш;

T plantaginea, Lindl. 2 حتف‎ i к“ 298 ” Mackinnoni, Duthie. . ЗАР: ^ . 134

208

Схивтотом macrorhizon, Lindl. » Mannii, Reichb. f. % pendulum, Swartz. » tenuifolium, Wight. 9 tessellatum, Swartz. з tesselloides, Roxb. 7 triste, Roxb. a virescens, Lindl. 7 о Griff.

CYPRIPEDIEX. СуРВТРЕРТОМ, Linn. 4 » cordigerum, Da 7 himalaicum, Rolfe. ў macranthon, Hk, f. NN macranthos, rantzl.

Cyrtopera bicarinata, Lindl. . % бейіті, Weight. .

a Gardneri, Thwaites. . % laxiflora, Gardn. » mysorensis, Lindl. » nuda, Reichb. f. š » obtusa, Lindl.

plicata Lind.

Oystorchis fusca, Benth. è

DENDROBIUM, Swartz. š » alpestre, Royle. E я amoenum, Wall. $ T bieameratum, Lindl. . m breviflorum, Lindl. , = bulboflorum, Fale. . » Calceolaria, Carey. . ñ candidum, Wall, М

^» ehrysanthum, Wall. - clavatum, Wail. » erepidatum, Lindl. » eretaceum, Lindl. ^» “@preum, Herb. . » denudans, Don. M denudans, Wall, Egertonia, Lindl. fimbriatum, Hook.

э

” > > YAR. oculata, Hook. و‎

Henshalli, Reichb. f.

Swartz, VAR.

..

ть Gam blei, X: ng $ سا‎

» Lawanum, Li

7 nobile, Lindl. var. palin

» normale, Fale. , ” Paztoni, Lindl. .

” Ратіопі, Paxt. Mag.

33 Pierardi, Rozb, » primulinum, Lindl. وو‎ pubescens, Hook.

trans Dendrochilum reseum, Dalz.

-

himalaicum 3

INDEX.

134

. 136

Dienia cylindrostachya, Lindl. . muscifera, Lindl. Diphylaz Griffithii, Kranzl. T urceolata, Hook. f. Dipodium flavum, Herb. Ham. » plicatum, Herb. Ham. 55 Roniata Herb. Ham. scariosum, Herb. Ham. Yosi; Lindi, м Braceana, Hook. b; £ teenialis, Benth. Empusa paradora, Lindl. Wall

рыны айы; Bot. Ме:

5 aloifolium, Linn.

ES calceolare, Ham.

7 moschatum, Ham.

7 pendulum, Roxb.

» praecox, Smith.

» retusum, Linn.

» tessellatum, Roxb. .

» usneoides, Don. 10717۸6718 Adans.

americana, Lindl. . Š bicarinata, Bach. Ham. » carinata, Roxb.

js consimilis, Don.

» consimilis, Wall.

) Dalhousie, Wight.

5 gigantea, Dougi.

» herbacea, Lindl.

ë latifolia, All. دو‎ 39

” ”

» macrostachya, Lindl. 7 macrostachya, Mess » ovata, Swartz.

» Royleana, Lindl.

veratrifolia, Boiss & Hohen.

odii Gmelin. 9 aphyllum, бын, % © тейт, Rich. » tuberosum, Бый: 4 Евтл Lindl. . $ », alba, id. . Š » convallarioides, Lindl. 4 » excavata, Lindl. » flava, Lindl. : » laniceps, Reichb. f, . . Evropu R. Brown.. . i

» arundinacea, Falc. е bicarinata, Hook. f. . 5 bicolor, Dalz.

is bicolor, Fale. .

5 bicolor, Lindl. .

» brachypetala, Lindl. . % bracteosa, Lindl.

š campanulata, абы,

” genseuiata, K. & Жу

^

VAR. EEA Hook. f. var. Thomsoni, Hook, f. .

INDEX. 209

ЕсгорнтА hemileuca, Lindl. . ç қ қ Я . 198 HəaABENARBIA furcifera, Lindl. ¿ { ‘ н . 184 5 herbacea, Lindl. Ç х š à ° . 123 » galeandra, Benth. . , қ 3 қ . 194

P Hormusjii, Duthie. . А А А è ‚5125 м Gerardiana, Wall. 3 А я š . 379 ы Mackinnoni, Duthie. А à 4 š . 124 P. Gibsoni, Hook. f. è А h А . 176

Manni Hook.f. . í ° А í „ 29 " gigantea, Don. ° қ 1 е А 2 228‏ و nuda, Lindl. . А š езе, қ . 197 ^ goodyeroides, Don. p" , 4.» 192‏ » p obtusa, Hook. f. с А ° š қ . 129 74 YAR, affinis 1 š . 198‏

» ramentacea, Lindl. . . . ۰ . . 126 0 رت‎ Lindl. қ á x + . 193

А rupestris, Lindl. y os . 62: 5 . 126 ^ Griffithii, Hook. f. қ ^ қ s „ 196 se - ROME o o Maat 41% h adea GUE ¿ idia مم‎ ae, 8 GALEOLA Lour.. š 5 2 : i š ь . 156 وو‎ intermedia, Don. . е . ۰ ` с ОДЕ ито Эмм, Шо]. i cw š ь . 156 ” werdowiaga, Wighl. .. all ANB Gamoplezis orobanchoides, Fale: š ات‎ ko 4 165 7 Josephi, Reichb. f. Р аа š К. Gastrochilus caleeolaris, Ро... 22. . . 148 » latilabris, Hook. f. өлмедім ou. wu А88 Gastropia R. Brown . serdar 164 ” Lawii, Hook. f. ба ышы ы ,- 3 orobanchoides, Benth. V gh th тест ” longifolia, Ham. . مر یی‎ uoo. ME GEODORUM Jackson . " š . 4 $ Ç 0ءء‎ ” marginata, Colebr. . . . . . 184 li dilatatum, Wall. à 22" . _ . 130 ” Orchidis, Hook. f. ` . " қ یہ‎ 179 > purpureum, В. Brown. » . . . . 190 » ornithoides, Wall. bic iets... M9 Georchis biflora, Lindl. с 0 о еек (9167 » Debit, Dog. hae eon 8 » cordata, Lindl. i a t 3 t . 108 L pectinata, Lindl. . М í š ї . 180 „foliosa, Lindl. {к ES ҰЗЫН T pectinata, var. arietina, Krnzl. . . . 180 Goopygza В. Brown. оао ер ovo. وق ہر‎ ” plantaginea, Lindl. ШІ шыу О D 5 ie INO X а с тесе. 9467 » promensis, Wall. کاو کی سوک‎ Luc DUE » -earnea, А. Rich. > ол Е » pubescens, Lindl олы i ana s 2 » cordata, Benth ui ie rer. ofl 87 » sacculata, Wall. ° ағайға Е, s Solon БН: : ovx . 49 » 'secundidom, How. 0/2. 2. .. ..194 » fusca, Lindl. ۰ š i pono + 466 » stenatitha, Hook. £F... o i. .. i . 186 4 "marginata; Lindl, ` wees soe. 466 » 'Stenopetala Bindi. . . .. . .. . 176

» . procera, Hook. و‎ depu ue vr 0066 T ; وو"‎ Hoyle? 4 s TT. repens, R. Brown. . ç š š С . 165 » Susannae, A. Br. š 5 Я i . 178 PUES E. бы WE. сенн жк «68 - Sutleri, Reichb. f. £ ` wid arr. 888 Gymnadenia Chusua, ‘Lindl. қ ° š š қ . 2479 T tenuicornis, Wall. 1 é š 184 ñ cylindrostachya, Lindl. — Voc. T - trapezoidea, Falc. pic EEC Жай % galeandra, Reichb. f. (C opio a „ДӘФ T triflora, Don. po و‎ b qup ашый ; MEN р longifolia, Lindl. š 3 ý Ë . 181 я trinervia, Wight. . 2 š ¿ š . 397 7 obcordata, Reichb. f. nee 5 „ДӘФ » urceolata, Clarke. . (ono qoe. ш s; Orchidis, Lindl. ` . š сы + 172 viridis, №. Br. š ; i š . . 198 5 platyphylla, Lindl, k š š “ - 182 0 0-1 Lindl. ; : қ Я š ; . 900 $ puberula, Lindl. А Š Ë š ٤ AS b cordifolia, Lindl. . 1 š i E . 200 8 spathulata, Lindl. 4 қ š š . 174 Невмінігм Linn. t i ; š . 199 м violacea, Lindl. E p „© angustifolium, Benth. qu P D ge TT { viridis, A. Rich. 5 а . я . 190 » congestum, Lindi. i $ $ $ 198 Gyrostachys australis, Blume. йы Sisaqa 3. 168 » constrictum, Lindl. : . PCR eee OS HABENARIA Willd. . ; 4 j . 7 . 174 » Duthiei, Hook. f. . { - { ^ . 4499 F affinis, Don. ` š б қ . 193 s, айнаш, Lindl. x ç ; 5 i г 998 * Aitchisoni, ۸۰ E + лығын uino MD » goodyeroWes, Шей, : е ہر‎ * б $ VAR. Josephi о 490 » gramineum; Lindl. : ہا‎ š 200 " PELA HS JJ. 4 mem ہے‎ 0 » taxiflorum, Lindi. Mss. . ^ 197 * arietina, Hook. f. . ыр . 180 7 longicruris, Wight. š 7 ^ 197 * brachyphylla, Aitch. & cea А . . 186 g; Mackinnoni, Duthie қ г 196 * commelinifolia, Wall. . ^ ‘ . 183 7 Monorchis, R. Br. ; . 196 m constricta, Wail. ہہ ہے ےت‎ A » pugioniforme, Lindl, i 189 y decipiens, Hook. f. еее... » Schischmareffiana, Chamiss. 4 199 р densa, Wail. ہت‎ пе 09 unalaschcense, Reichb. f. ام‎ nn 09 й КЕЧИК . ои, lQ RE مد‎ мін viride, Reichb. نو نے‎ 190 ^ diphyla; Dalz, . . . . . . 486 ZJridorchis gigantea, Blume. Wise ара 137 » Edgeworthii, Hook. f. . - А í . 187 Limodorum angustifolium, Herb. tn. š 3 š s n Elisabethe, Duthie. 4 1 í i . 191 й bicolor, Roxb. š : ; 5 М г 128 » ensifolia, Lindl. . 5 5 _ с. 119 2 bracteatum, Roxb. . j š š š 109 % fallax, King & Pantling. ^ š 190 » dubium, Buch. Ham. 3 Я i > «_ 196

Anns Roy. Bor. GARDEN , бав: дь LX.

210

Limodorum longifolium, Іс. Ham. 7 longifolium, Roxb.

nutans, Roxb. . А

ramentaceum, Roxb.

retusum, Swartz.

лө Richard. . ‘

bituberculata, Lindl. А

cordifolia, Hook. f.

„э

”

» 7 m deflexa, Hook.f. . а à 7 diodon, Reichd. f. š

š diphyllos, Nimmo.

5 Duthiei, Hook. f.

” elegans, Lindl. :

ре Glossula, Reichd. f. à à à longipes, Lindl. YAR, тешаи, Ridley.

” Ld

4% odorata, Lindl.

a olivacea, Herb. Ind. Or.

» paradoxa, Reichb. f.

” pendula, Lindl. š š ” rostrata, Reichb. f. ali

rupestris, Ridley. š spathulata, Lindl. 3 ё Ілвтева R. Brown. . i s P Inayati, Duthie. é

kashmiriana, Duthie. .

Lindleyana, King & Palin microglottis, Duthie ° š

>

»

39

%”

_ ovata, В, Brown. 422% ІлвтЕВЕ а à Š Luista Gaud . $ š

„ alpina, Lindl. га ; А : » braehystaehys, Blume . var. flaveola, Par. & Reichb. n » burmanica, Lindl. . š » inconspicua, Hook. f. . à š » platyglossa,Reichb.f.. . . „ teretifolia, Gand. š 5 š 7 : trichorhiza, Blume š š zeylanica, Lindl. . .’. Mood а و تو‎ Malazis acuminata, Don.” é » ensiformis, Smith пе s š 7 ү Smith š $ „ nian ша: . ©. Mesoclastes едх Lindl. P Microstriis Nutt. i » biloba, Lindl. i » cylindrostachya, Reichb. 2

» Mackinnoni, Duthie . 7 muscifera, Ridley . ç $ Walliehii, Lindl. . % vak. biloba à Р

Neottia amoena, Bieb. . . à

». тасторАу г, Don

INDEX.

Neottia micrantha, Lindl. . š ` Р š " » monophylla, Don. . » parviflora, Smith . š » procera, Ker ё è š . » sinensis, Pers. š à spiralis, Swartz . j ? ‘ қ š Nervilia Aragoana, Gaud, 4 š у ЛЕЯ 022707717۸ Lindl. қ e a г ‘ š А » acaulis, Hook. 4 4 7 ensiformis, Lindl. . К й Falconeri, Hook. f. . . . ‘ " iridifolia, Wall. ^. .. š š è " » pachyrachis, 761۸7۰ J: T pyrulifera, Lindl. » trilobata, Griff. . š Octomeria alba, Wall. » convallarioides, Wall. í ” Лата, Wall. . . - ^ E » pubescens, Spreng, . š % spicata, Don. . š š Орнвүриж e š š š : Ophrys Monorchis, سا‎ ç š š š » ovata, Linn. . e š š š ë » Spiralis, Linn. . š è š : š

Овснїз Linn. . š

7 altissima, Herb. на б š

š Chusua, Don, . š ç с z š » . Clavata, Herb. иж (x Y. > « 5 commelinifolia, Roxb. > ° š š ° % gigantea, Smith . А š i $ ñ habenarioides, King & Paula х ç

š; Hatagirea, Don. š 4 4 ^ 5 š й latifolia, Zinn. . 9 { 4 4

7 var. indica, Lindl. Sata

» leucantha, Herb. Ham. š А э mysorensis, Herb, Heyne, . . . . š obcordata, Buch.-Ham, š é „ pectinata, Smith. š 4 i é Š ». pltyphylls, Roxb. < е. а. 6 . » Spathulata, Reichb. f. . ` Қ. » . Stracheyi, Hook, f. . ë s o. N 7 stylosanthes, Herb. Наш. . $ š š $ Susanne, Herb. Heyne. . p Susanne, Linn. . . . - ` و‎ tenuis, Herb. Rottl. . . . : . viridis, Crantz. š бесті Lindl. . a ae А E" foliosa, Lindl. š é 4 5 % HDC, HUCK, Lx ons os 7 micrantha, Lindl. . š А š ES Rolfei, Duthie. i Ornithidium imbricata, Wall. .. а Овмтноснтоз Wall. š š

№ eublepharon, Hance. . à à š м

PN fuscus, Wall. x š . Pacuystoma Blume. è . . . P Edgeworthii, Reichb. f. . . . Я Lindleyanum, Reichb. 4. й montanum, Reichb, f. . 5 senile, Reichs, f. š š " Smithianum, Roichb. f, .

INDEX.

Pmasvs Lour. š i $ ч n $ А = albus, Lindl. й Marshalliana, Reichb. f,

Peristylus constrictus, Lindl. Я š i š $ » fallaz, Lindl. : Š goodyeroides, Lindl. Я » grandis, Blurae. š А š 1 š » Lawii, Wight. ç i ; š қ N 7 Orchidis, Kranzl. . š қ ; š > » т. Kranzl. % viridis, Lindl. М š ь - 5 Рноплротл Lindl. ." . š { : й articulata, Lindl. . E 7 var. Griffithii, Lindl. T Griffithii, Hook. f . š s imbricata, Lind? 4 khasiana, Reichb. f : 5 ^

pallida, Lindl. . А : { 5 Pinalia alba, Herb. Ham. 5 š 3 š; ^

Platanthera acuminata, Lindl. : š » arcuata, Lindl. . 4 % canarensis, Lindl. . 3 4 i : š i candida, Lindl. . š А Сһатріопі, Lindl. i . . š ° й clavigera, Lindl. š è i > ë is commelinifolia, Lindl. š í á constricta, Lindl. . š š 7 š : % cordifolia, Lindl. . А i i Š % densa, Lindl. . Е Š š š

» latilabris, Lindl í А : $ % marginata, Lind. . . . 00 ° » obcordata, Lindl. . ; š 2 $ С РА Orchidis, Lindl. . Š $ š š š % Orchidis, Wall. Cat. . PU i : 5 robusta, Lindl. ; š š š а "T а. Lindl, š é Š 4 Susanne, Lin ç 4 š š š Š viridis, Lindl. $ А А 5 ¿ ‘ Pleione birmanica, Reichb.f. . 4 +, . « š » precoz, Don. ‘ è í 7 š 5

» Wallichii, Lindl. . š $ i А é i Pogochilus sp. Fale. ое eae s

Росозта Juss. . š ede оно » carinata, Lindl. 220226 Š ç Š š $ MES VENE осел

s fiabelliformis, Dalz. & Gibs. . سم ھ‎ ss flabelliformis, Lindl . š — (22758 я Gammieana, Hook. f. ° ; бо Ж š % Mackinnoni, Duthie. . و‎ ç d macroglossa, King & Pantling . Loo 74 отек НІ о... es

Ptesgolium sulcatum, qoxb. : š - z i Ptilocnema bracteatum, Don. - š 5 б $ BHYNCHOSTYLIS Blume . Erw quu E % garwalica Reichb. t. ; i 4 5 5 guttata, Reichb f. Еи" ۰

А premorsa, Blume. š 4 retusa, Blume. д: 2 5 4 8 сойса В!ите ; í ; : : ; i Blumei, تسا‎ Wr. е i ہو‎ » calceolare, Lindl. .. . š š š

В, S. Press—8261J —270—192.10.1906—W. М. D'C.

SACCOLABIUM carinatum, Griff.

» distichum, Lindl.

” gurwalicum, Lindl.

„ guttatum, Lindl. Я

” Heathii, Hort. А

55 inconspicuum, Hook. f.

b micranthum, Lindl.

T papillosum, Lindl.

Т premorsum, Lindl. .

” retusum, Linden

” Rieedii, Wight. Sarcantuus Lindl.

” guttatus, Lindl. 1

insectifer, 7061:0. f.

R. Brown $‏ 8ت 80ھ585

z nepalensis, Spreng.

usneoides, Reichl. f. берейин affine, Lindl. батүнісм, Swartz

» albiflorum, А. Rich. й Epipogium, Linn.

Р: nepalense, Don

» pallidum, A. Rich

Ñ Per ottetianum, А. Rich.

н repens, Linn.

» viride, Linn. 5

SPIBANTHES Richard . . š

” amana, Bange . 8 й australis, Lindl, . p autumnalis, Rich. a flexuosa, Lindl. . š h macrophylla, Spreng. % monophylla, Spreng. . А nove Zelandice, Hook.

ñ parviflora, Lindl. Е unalaschcense, a yk لا‎ bituberculata, Reichb. ۶ Thisbe, Fale. . š Thrizspermum usneoides, Reichb. ы Thunia alba, Reichb. f. . " » pulchra, Reichb, f. n Tribrachia reptans, Lindl. ; ; Tripleura pallida, Lindl. To

VANDA R. Brown . š : ç » alpina, Lindl. . š 5 cristata, Lindl, . 5 i » Griffithii, Lindl. . ` 4 » parviflora, Lindl, ç » BRoxburghii R.Br. . » tesselloides, Reichb.

trichorhiza, Hook. °

Vii 5 é

к» `

ZEUXINE Lindl. . p bracteata, Wight ç 5 brevifolia, Wight . š

7 emarginata, Lindl.

» integerima, Lindl.

% membrancea, Lindl. .

й procumbens, Blume . robusta, Wight

7 sulcata, Lindl, š "

7 Tripleura, Lind. . .

ANNALS

of the

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDEN, CALCUTTA.

VOL. L—PART 1—King, George—The Species of Ficus of the Indo-Malayan and Chinese Countries.

Calcutta, 1887. h ll —King, George.—The Species of Ficus of the Indo-Malayan and. Chinese Countries.

Calcutta, 1388.

Parts I and II (xiii, pp. 185 with 225 plates).

APPENDIX— 1, King, George.—Some New Species of Ficus from New Guinea. Calcutta, 1888,(pp. 9 with 7 plates). o. Cunningham, D [avid] D [ouglas].-On the Phenom- ; ena of Fertilization in Ficus Roxburghii, Wall. | Caleutta, 1888, (pp. 11—51 with 6 plates). ;

VOL. Il—King, George.—The Species of Artocarpus indigenous to British India. Calcutta, 1889, (pp. 1—16 with 14 plates). Е King, George.—The Indo-Malayan Species of Quercus and Castanopsis. Calcutta, 1889, (pp. 17—107 with 91 plates). ; VOL. Il.—Prain, D [avid].—The Species of Pedicularis of the Indian Empire and its Frontiers. Calcutta, 1891, (pp. 196 with 1—37 plates), and Map and Table. King, George.—The Magnoliacece of British India. Calcutta, 1891, (pp. 197—226 with plates 38—74). Prain, D [avid].—An Account of the Genus Gomphostemma Wall. Calcutta, 1891, (pp. 227- 273 with plates 75—105). King, George.—The Species of Myristica of British India. ) Calcutta, 1891, (pp. 274—331 with plates 106—174).

VOL. ІУ.-Кіпе, George—The Anonacee of British India. Calcutta, x 1893, (хі, pp. 169 with plates 1--220).

Founder of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta ( pages

Fs.

12

20

5

| 35 King, George.—A short account of Colonel Kyd, =

1—11 with portrait ). VOL, V.—PART |. vint meh Sir Joseph Dalton.— A Century of Indian Orchids. Calcutta, 1895, (pp. 1—70 with plates 1—101). King, George.—A Brief Memoir of William Rox- burgh, author of the Flora Indica, Calcutta 1895, (рр. 1-9 with portrait). a il--Bruhl, Р [aul] Jlohannes] and King, George.—A Century of New and Rare Indian Plants Calcutta, 1896, (pp, 71—170 with plates 102— 200),

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VOL, VII.—Gamble, J [ames] S [ykes].— The Bambuseæ of British India. Calcutta, 1896, (pp. 133 with 119 plates).

VOL. Vill—King, George, and Pantling, Robert.—The Orchids of the Sikkim-Himalaya. Calcutta, 1898, (pp. 342 with 448 plates)— , Half-coloured Uncoloured

VOL. IX.—PART l.—King, George, Duthie J [ohn] Е [irminger], and Prain, D [avid].-A Second Century of New and Rare Indian Plants. Calcutta, 1901, (pp. 80 with 93 plates and Frontispiece). U Il.—Duthie, J [ohn] Е [irminger].—The Orchids of the Western Himalaya. Calcutta, 1905, (with plates 94 —151)— Uncoloured Half-coloured

VOL. Х.-РАЯТ !—Prain, D [avid]—The Species of Dalbergia of South-Eastern Asia. Calcutta, 1904, (iv, pp. 114 with plates 1—91). й І,--Біарі, Otto.— The Aconites of India: A Mono- graph. Calcutta, 1905, (pp. И5--190 with plates 92—116).

Prain, D [avid].—A Sketch of the Life of Francis Hamilton (once Buchanan), some time Sup- erintendent of the Honourable Company's Botanic Garden, Calcutta, Calcutta, 1905, (pp. i--Ixxv),

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