PIIIGONIA. A SERIES OF PAPERS RELATING To BOTANY AND BOTANISTS. EDWARD L. GREENE. VOLUME IV. PLATES 9-12. WASHINGTON, D. C. 1899-1901. PRESS oF THE LAW REPORTER COMPANY, WASHINGTON, D. C. CONTENTS: NEW SPECIES OF CASTILLEIA, - - - - A FASCICLE OF NEW VIOLETS, - eles NEW WESTERN SPECIES OF ROSA, - ~- - NEW CHORIPETALOUS EXOGENS, - - - NOTES ON MACHJERANTHERA, - - EARLY SPECIFIC TYPES IN CHAMUECRISTA, - NEW SPECIES OF SISYRINCHIUM, - NEW OR pacis: viec XXIV, - - - - e e - Ls = Uu I « z Wo EVER - NEGLECTED GENERIC TYPES I, - ut [D e t I, Two NEW GERARDIAS, - - - - - A DECADE OF NEW GUTIERREZIAS, - E - SoME WESTERN SPECIES OF XANTHIUM, Four NEW VIOLETS, - - - - E SEGREGATES OF CALTHA LEPTOSEPALA, - NEW SPECIES OF ANTENNARIA, E - > WEST AMERICAN ASPERIFOLIA, IV, - - NECKER'8 GENERA OF FERNS, I, - x A FASCICLE OF SENECIOS, - * z s A DECADE OF NEW POMACEA, - » - e A FASCICLE OF NEW PAPILIONACE®, - - NOTES ON VIOLETS, - x T » SOME NEW OR CRITICAL RANUNCULE, - - A FASCICLE OF NEW ARNICAS, - y s - SOME RUDBECKIA SEGREGATES, - - - A DECADE OF NEW GENTIANACEE, - - - - - STUDIES IN THE ORUCIFERE, II, - - - - - - 1. Certain Species of Arabis, 2. Miscellaneous New Species, - = z = A 3. Type ofthe Genus Draba, * - á ^ — 4. A Proposed New Genus Abdra, - - E - SoME Rocky MOUNTAIN ASTERS, - - - - - CORRECTIONS IN NOMENCLATURE, III, - - - - = I , TARAXACUM IN NeRTH AMERICA, - ~ - 3 E - STUDIES IN THE CoMPosrTAX, VIII, - - - = - 1. Type of the Bidentidex, - - - - - 2. Sketch of the History of Bidens, - - " 3. Identity of Bidens Frondosa, Linn, - - - 4. Sketch of the History of Bidens Cernua, Linn., 5. American Analogues of Bidens Cernua, Linn., - 6. Segregates of Bidens Chrysanthemoides, Michx., 7. Generic Rank for Bidens Beckii, Torr., - 8. Some New Eupatoriagesm, - - WU = s 9. Certain Species of Antennaria, - - " - SOME NEGLECTED VIOLETS, z EA Me A ae NEW SPECIES OF CERASTIUM, - - - - - - Hive New SPEOIMS OF RUMEX, -. -. -. -.. - — STUDIES IN THE CRUCIFERZE, IV, - M UK - - - 1. New Species of Lesquerella, 2. Miscellaneous New Species, - - > =- -= Haw SPOS Or LACINTARIA, = 2 009 70x ote NEW SPECIES OF MONARDELLA, - i ee E - - Vol. IV. PITTONIA = A SERIES OF BOTANICAL PAPERS. EDWARD L. GREENE, =- Professor of Botany in the Catholic University of America, WASHINGTON, D. JANUARY-APRIL, 1899. = 2 GONTENTS. — = Fiasco or New VioLETS, New WESTERN SPECIES OF Rosa, -Naw CHORIPETALOUS ExoGENS, 3 New Species oF CASTILLEIA. C. HavpENr. C. pallida, var. Haydeni, Gray, Syn. Fl. ii 297. The characters for this, as indicated by Gray, are alto- gether of specific value; but to those are others to be noted, over and above those of the low stature, cleft foliage and laciniate bracts. The spike, as compared with that of C. pallida, is long and lax. The color of them is also not ^ bright crimson,” but a soft rose-red, or else paler and with an admixture of lilac. It is a common alpine species of southern Colorado. C. coNFUSA. Perennial, the tufted stems about 11 feet high, green and glabrous below, more or less villous above, the inflorescence strongly villous with long slightly de- flexed somewhat viscid but not glandular hairs: lower leaves all lanceolate, acuminate, entire, 2 or 3 inches long; those under the inflorescence broader and with a pair of narrow ro falcately divergent lobes; bracts of the spike still shorter and — broader, mainly scarlet, and with two pairs of lobes: calyx | with four subequal lanceolate acute lobes: corolla well ex- serted, the galea notably villous along the back, twice the length of the lip, the prominent teeth of which are incurved. A somewhat subalpine rather large species of the more southerly or southwesterly Colorado Rocky Mountains, and those of adjacent New Mexico. It has been confused with C. miniata, to which it is, indeed, related; but it lacks the tall strict habit of that species, and its pubesceucd i of qui another character, that of C. miniata being sparse, short, and mostly gland- tipped, that of the back of the galea notably so, ‘Prrronta, Vol. IV. 9 PITTONIA. appears to have been drawn from the plant here defined as new, rather than from the north western and true C. miniata- C. REMOTA. Perennial, the stems erect, 1 to 2 feet high, . rather sparsely leafy and the flowers very loosely spicate; the margins of leaves and bracts sparingly hirsute-ciliate and the other short pubescence scanty : leaves rather broad, of oblong outline, somewhat digitately cleft at and near the summit, the body of the leaf quite entire: flowers an inch apart in the spike, or more, their bracts almost like the leaves in cut, either the tips of their lobes or the whole up- per portion of the bract scarlet: calyx only slightly cleft into 4 subequal obovate-oblong obtuse lobes, these scarlet- tipped: comparatively short corolla exserted from the calyx by about half the length of the galea. Goldstream, Vancouver Island, 20 May, 1887, collected by John Macoun. A very distinct a of the group to which C. angustifolia belongs. C. sUBINCLUSA. Perennial, the tufted erect rather slender very rigid and brittle stems about a yard high, these and the long narrowly linear entire leaves cinereous with a fine short very rough pubescence: spike at length 6 or 8 inches long and somewhat lax : bracts very narrow, far surpassing the flowers, narrowed in the middle, the acute scarlet tip slightly dilated: calyx nearly 2 inches long, spathaceous by a very deep anterior fissure, the long upper lip fully as long as the galea of the corolla and deeply cut into four very narrow and slenderly acuminate lobes. Foothills of the Sierra Nevada in Amador and Calaveras counties, California, Geo. Hansen, July, 1896 (numbers 1730 and 1800). A very distinct and remarkable species allied to C. linaricfolia and C. candens ; the flowers greatly elongated, and corolla almost enclosed by the mainly scarlet calyx. A FASCICLE OF NEW VIOLETS. 3 A FascictE or New VIOLETS. V. FALCATA. Plants solitary, the rootstock about 2 inches long, perpendicular, rather conspicuously nodose, the roots not numerous: leaves mostly 2 only, their petioles very strictly erect, the whole leaf a foot long or more, sparsely pubescent, the long petioles retrorsely hirsutulous; blade of broad-deltoid outline, primarily deeply cleft or even divided into 3 segments, of which the middle one is usually simple, lanceolate or rhombic-lanceolate, remotely toothed above the middle, or even throughout, the lateral divisions mostly cut into two or more lobes or subdivisions, of which the outer are more or less notably lunate or falcate, the leaf as a whole from 4 to 9 inches broad and much broader than long: petaliferous flowers not known, the zstival and apeta- lous ones subterranean, their delicate blanched peduncles 3 to 6 inches long, horizontal, bearing round-ovoid capsules. In oak woods, near Cobden, Illinois, 15 June, 1898. Re- markable among the acaulescent violets for its large size. and the distinctly lunate or faleate divisions of its apparently compound leaves. In one of the specimens there are three withered aerial capsules, evidently the product of the ordi- nary early petaliferous flowers. V.cowNJuGENs. Plants tufted, often densely so, the long petioles and peduncles erect, the latter commonly 8 or 10 inches high and well exceeding the leaves; herbage slightly succulent, deep-green, appearing glabrous, but the upper face of the leaves sparsely short-pubescent along the veins and veinlets: blade of leaf comparatively small, the lowest less than an inch long and broadly cordate-ovate, plane, the later ones 13 inches long and from cordate to cordate-sub- sagittate and somewhat cucullate, all with broad sinus and the earlier somewhat decurrent on the petiole: corollas 4 PITTONIA. large, blue, more than an inch in diameter, the lamina of the petals broadly and obtusely obovate, the claw and the base of the blade white and densely white-hairy, the hairs flattened: sepals lanceolate, acutish, wholly glabrous: apet- alous flowers not seen, but doubiless aerial. This is one of the most distinct violets of Maryland, though doubtless uncommon, and I am confident it has never been described. It inhabits grassy uplands along the borders of forests looking northward, and holds a place almost exactly intermediate between such widely different species as V. cucullata and V. emarginata, exhibiting almost the foliage of the latter, and flowers as much resembling those of the former, though the petals are broader, of a deeper blue, and the plant decidedly more showy when in petaliferous flower. Though the mature plant is multicip- itous, the younger ones, at first flowering from seed, are sol- itary; and in this eondition the species would be very apt to pass for V. emarginata with the inexpert. My specimens are from Anne Arundel Co., Maryland; but I have seen it in one other station, and that along the railway towards Harper's Ferry. Where it occurs it is rather plentiful; and, as it is associated with no other violet whatsoever, it can not be of hybrid origin. V. SUBSINUATA. V. emarginata, var. subsinvata, Greene, Pitt. iii. 319. A further study of this beautiful violet of the mountains of eastern Tennessee reveals characteristics which declare it quite distinct from V. emarginata. Its leaves are of a firmer texture, less succulent, and on notably and con- stantly shorter petioles; and they are pubescent, after the manner of what is supposed to be V. palmata; to which, in- deed, the plant is more nearly related than to V. emarginata ; for its apetalous summer flowers are horizontal and at least partially buried; a condition of things not occurring in any of the group to which V. emarginata belongs. "The peduncles of the petaliferous flowers are very slender, ascending rather than erect, and the petals, always of a lighter blue, are broad and obtuse, never emarginate. A FASCICLE OF NEW VIOLETS. 5 V. Misrasstnica. Allied to V. blanda, but the rootstock elongated, stout, short-jointed, clothed with the persistent bases of the petioles of former years: plant at flowering time 2 to 4 inches high, the peduncles and petioles erect, of some- what equal length; herbage of delicate texture, light-green and glabrous: leaves round-reniform to orbicular, obtuse but with a short salient cusp at the apex, the margin rather notably dentate or crenate-toothed : sepals oblong or oblong: lanceolate, obtuse: corolla 3 inch in diameter, the petals all broad and obtuse and glabrous, the lowest (or keel) not only purple-veined but the purple color diffused over the whole petal, the others pure white. This rather strongly marked white violet is known to me only in herbarium specimens from northeastern British America. The type sheets are three, all belonging to the herbarium of the Canadian Geological Survey, and num- bered as follows: 2,353, from damp mossy woods about Lake Mistassini, collected in July, 1885, by J. M. Macoun, the specimens only in full flower at that date: also n. 4,342 from West Branch, Hamilton River, Labrador, A. P. Low, 20 June, 1894, these in early flower, the leaves small: and n. 16,286, from along Richmond Gulf, east shore of Hudson’s Bay, Mr. Spreadborough, 30 June, 1896; these specimens large and rank, barely in good flowering condition. From all its allies V. blanda, renifolia and amena, this is readily distinguished by its stout scaly-looking and elongated root- stock, and by its notably toothed foliage, the leaves in all the others being crenate, the proper teeth never salient but on the contrary almost obsolete. The cuspidately apiculate eharacter of the leaf is also quite constant; and so is the deep color of the lower petal. The species is probably not stoloniferous. V. Watsonu. Allied to V. blanda but much larger, similarly light-green as to herbage, and somewhat succu- lent; leaves relatively smaller, on elongated and stoutish 6 PITTONIA. petioles, of cordate-ovate outline, distinctly and somewhat closely crenate, the upper surface with scattered and some- what appressed short hairs, the plant otherwise glabrous: peduncles long, surpassing the leaves, bracteolate near the middle: sepals lance-linear, 4 lines long, with narrow scari- ous margins and an acutish but callous-tipped apex : petals apparently pure white, spatulate-oblong, more than 1 inch long (the expanded corolla more than an inch in diameter), three of them bearded below with strongly clavate white hairs. A very noteworthy new white violet, found in a bog meadow some miles from Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, by Mr. Laurence W. Watson, in June, 1898. Though doubtless of the V. blanda group, it is remarkable for the great dimensions of the corolla, and the robustness of the general habit, the leaves, however, being much smaller in proportion to the whole plant. The rhizome, as far as the specimens show it, is much shorter and stouter than in any of the other relatives of V. blanda. We are not informed as to whether the flowers are, as in our other white violets, fragrant. V.RETUSA. Acaulescent, low, stout and subsucculent, gla- brous throughout except the petals: lowest leaves subreni- form and small, abruptly acutish, the others successively broadly cordate-ovate and deltoid-ovate, with an abrupt short acumination, all with broad open sinus and more or less distinctly tapering to the short petiole, the margin crenate-serrate: peduncles stout, about equalling the leaves, bibracteolate above the middle, the bracteoles broad, tri- angular-subulate: sepals lanceolate, nerveless, scarious-mar- gined: petals narrowly spatulate or oblong-spatulate, trun- cate or retuse at apex, apparently blue, three of them somewhat bearded at base. Plains of northern Colorado, toward the foothills; the best specimens from Carl F. Baker, collected at Fort Collins, A FASCICLE OF NEW VIOLETS. 7 2 May, 1896, and named by me V. cognata at the time; but that species, besides being slender and with slender root- stock, has foliage of rounded outline. In the new one the leaves are trigonous rather than rounded, the rootstock stout and erect, and the whole plant of a very different aspect. V.cYCLOPHYLLA. Root unknown, the tufted leaves and flowers terminating a horizontal scaly caudex; the whole plant glabrous: leaves orbicular, about an inch in diameter, cordate at base with nearly or quite closed sinus, crenate, on petioles of an inch in length or a little more: stout peduncles twice the length of the leaves, bibracteolate far below the middle: sepals lanceolate, thin, nerveless, scari- ous-margined ; corolla blue, nearly 3 inch broad, somewhat orbicular, all the petals extremely broad and rounded (round-obovate) marked by dark violet veins toward the base and all wholly glabrous. Collected at Yellow Head Pass in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, 13 July, 1898, by Mr. W. Spreadbor- ough, and communicated by Mr. Macoun; being n. 19,298 of the Geol. Survey Herbarium. The following violets have hitherto been recognized by us under names that are untenable : V. ALSOPHILA. V. amena, Le Conte, Lyc. N. Y. ii. 144, the name precluded by the V. amena of Symons, Syn. PI. Brit. 198 (1798). The species is seen to be one of the best when one has given due attention to the floral characters. Not only is V. alsophila a woodland plant, whereas V. blanda is of boggy meadows, but its petals are twice as large, and remarkably narrow, the two uppermost being quite ligulate, strongly deflected, and twisted almost like the sepals of some orchids. On my first beholding, three years since, the living 8 PITTONIA. flowering plants of what we were calling V. amena, this re- markably contorted corolla impressed me at once as exceed- ingly characteristic; and, now that I possess Le Conte's un- published plate, I perceive just this floral character to have been fully appreciated, and well brought out by him. It has been supposed by some, particularly by Asa Gray, that Pursh's V. clandestina was the same as Le Conte's V. amena; but Le Conte, who knew Pursh and his violets very well, knew better. I am in possession of evidence quite con- clusive that Pursh's V. clandestina is V. rotundifolia ; and even Pursh said plainly enough that he had such a suspicion himself. Although the V. blanda var. palustriformis of Gray is by that author made to include our V. alsophila, nevertheless the type of that variety is a rather high northern plant with very broad and obtuse leaves, quite resembling those of the European V. palustris, to which latter V. alsophila makes no manner of approach. V. SEMPERVIRENS. V.sarmentosa, Dougl.in Hook. Fl. i. 80; the name preoccupied in the V. sarmentosa of Bieber- stein, Fl. Tauro-Caucas. i.172 (1808). The plant of Douglas is not only one of the most beautiful of American yellow- flowered violets, it appears to be our only species whose leaves are coriaceous and evergreen. This character has never before been clearly indicated; but it has been famil- iarly known to me for twenty years. I stated the fact, but perhaps indistinctly, in the Bay-Region Manual. A FASCICLE OF NEW VIOLETS. 9 V. RAFINESQUII. V. bicolor, Pursh, Fl. i. 175 (1814), and Nutt. Gen. 151 (1818), not of Gilibert (1781). V. arvensis, Mubl. Cat. 25 (1818), also Ell. Sk. 302, not of Murray (1770). V. tenella, Raf. Am. M. Mag. iv. 191 (1819), probably also of Muhl. 1. c. 26 (1818), but not of Poiret (1810). This is our only American representative of the Old World pansy group of violets; and it is not strange that the earlier generations of American botanists referred it to one or an- other of the segregates, in their day recently made, of the V. tricolor of Linnzeus. Rafinesque was probably the first to name our plant as a species distinct from all European violets. But of this we cannot be positive; for his V. tenella of 1808 is a name only, and cannot now be brought into use for any species. It is quite likely that Muhlenberg—who seems to have had for his V. arvensis a well-matured plant of the present species, and to have founded his V. tenella on the early ver- nal state of it—adopted the latter name from Rafinesque. Yet this author's V. tenella is also a nomen nudum. The first presentation of the plant to the publie under a new name and with a cited means of identification, was made by Rafinesque, as above indicated ; but inasmuch as the name tenella had then been in use for nine or ten. years to desig- nate a Syrian violet, I here dedicate the American species to him who was first to really publish it as new. V. vicrNALIS. V. insignis, Pollard in Bot. Gaz. xxvi. 334. An Austrian V. insignis, published by Richter in 1888, pre- cludes the acceptance of Mr. Pollard’s appellation for the plant of the Southern U.S. The figure on page 335 of the Gazette represents the type of the species; but a considerable part of the herbarium material which Mr. Pollard refers to it, I have long taken to be very fair V. septemloba; and the name vicinalis is doubly appropriate to a violet which is not only manifestly related to V. septemloba, but is of the same general habitat. Prrroxia, Vol. IV. Pages 9-16. 31 Jan., 1899. 10 PITTONIA. New WESTERN SPECIES or Rosa. R. MELINA. Stout and much branched, 3 or 4 feet high, the stem and branches red, glabrous, glaucescent, sparingly armed with short prickles, some stout and longer, others slender and smaller, but all strongly recurved: stipules finely glandular-serrulate, with also some subsessile glands extending to the rachis of the leaf, but leaflets glabrous and glandless, these about 7, ovate or oval, acute or obtuse simply and sharply serrate: peduncles of the solitary flowers short and stout, woody and not in the least curved or bent in age by the weight of the very large fruit; this broadly somewhat inverse-pyriform, smooth and glabrous, nearly 14 inches in diameter: sepals smooth and glabrous except on the margin, this closely beset with short-stipitate glands, the foliaceous terminal part commonly nearly as large as the basal portion and perfectly glabrous, either simple or with a few large teeth or lobes. Apparently common at middle elevations in the mountains of Southern Colorado; the best specimens (in fruit only) collected by myself at Cerro Summit above Cimarron, 30 Aug., 1896; but the species has a northwesterly extension apparently to Montana, and has passed for R. Nutkana with. some; though it is extremely different from that by its small glabrous foliage, short and hooked prickles, short woody peduncles never shrinking and curving in fruit; and the sepals are neither long-attenuate nor gland-bearing on the back as in those Northwest Coast roses which form the. R. Nutkana aggregate. R. Macoun. Low shrub of compact growth, the grow- ing branches and short flowering branchlets densely leafy, the older armed with numerous prickles of various sizes, all stoutish and rather deflexed than recurved: leaves wholly glandless, glabrous except a slight soft pubescence on the NEW WESTERN SPECIES OF ROSA. 11 stipules, rachis and lower face of leaflets; stipules short, ample for the size of the leaves, and plane, obtusish or short- pointed ; leaflets mostly 9 or 11, somewhat cuneate-obovate, obtuse, sharply serrate from the middle, otherwise entire: flowers solitary and short-peduncled, small, rather pale; sepals broad, woolly-ciliate, bearing very short and incon- spicuous foliaceous tips : fruits large for the plant, depressed- globose, of a light red (between scarlet and orange). This rather common rose of the middle and northern Rocky Mountains has often been taken for a stunted and subalpine R. blanda, though it is more commonly labelled in the herbaria as R. Woodsii ; but to this latter it bears no intimate relationship at all; for that is a shrub with per- fectly straight prickles, glandular-edged very narrow and acute stipules, ovate fruit and shining foliage. My best herbarium specimens are those collected by Mr- John Macoun in Assiniboia (Canad. Surv. numbers 10532 and 10533), and by myself near Cheyenne, Wyoming. It belongs to the region of dry elevated plains, and is subal- pine as to elevation. R. manca. Dwarf subalpine shrub, sometimes a foot high or more, rather freely branching, the glabrous and smooth red stem and branches armed with few and stoutish com- pressed and very strongly recurved prickles: leaves small, the leaflets about 7, from somewhat obovate to elliptic, thin, sharply but not deeply serrate, the serratures callous-tipped _and the larger with one secondary tooth, all smooth and glabrous on both faces; stipules extremely narrow, glandu- lar, the long and narrow though prominent auricles more herbaceous: flowers solitary at the ends of short leafy branch- lets: receptacle and back of sepals glabrous and glaucescent; sepals finely woolly-margined and with notable scattered ses- sile black glands among the wool, usually also appendaged on one side by a pair of long spreading linear lobes, the foliaceous tips narrowly oblong, entire, glabrous and glandless: corollas small: fruit not seen. 12 PITTONIA. Colleeted by Messrs. Baker, Earle and Tracy, on dry hill- sides at about 10,000 feet altitude in West Mancos Cafion, southern Colorado, July, 1898, and distributed for R. Arkan- : sana. The name assigned this excellent new rose is taken from the geographical name Mancos, which is Spanish and also Latin for * the cripples.” R. suFFULTA. Stems low, simple, corymbosely floriferous at the summit, the bark green and glaucescent, rather densely armed with comparatively short straight spreading or as- cending prickles: leaflets about 9, obovate, acute, serrate, finely pubescent on both faces but most so beneath, the rachis short-prickly and with a few short-stalked glands: stipules well developed, sparsely glandular on the margin, their auricles with entire inner margin, the outer strongly and evenly glandular-serrate: receptacle smooth and gla- brous ; sepals with woolly-ciliate margins, the back bearing scattered subsessile glands, their folizceous tips small and entire: fruit not seen. Of this southern Rocky Mountain rose I have seen but one specimen, and that was communicated to mesome years since by the late Dr. Geo. Vasey, from the meadows of the Rio Grande at Las Vegas, New Mexico. It was labelled “R. blanda var. setigera, Crepin," which is now taken by Crepin for R. Arkansana. The name R. suffulta is suggested by a circumstance which I have not mentioned in my diagnosis, because I fear it may be accidental or occasional; though it may possibly prove to be a real character. Between the two auricles of the stip- ules there arises a leaflet, or a pair of them, well developed and conspicuous, though of only one-fifth or one-fourth the size of the proper leaflets; and these are not like the ordinary leaflets, in that they hold an upright rather than a pinnate- spreading posture. They are parallel to the lobes or auricles of the stipule, not at right angles with them as the true leaflets are. NEW WESTERN SPECIES OF ROSA. 13 R. PRATINCOLA. Almost herbaceous, and never more than suffrutescent, 1 or 2 feet high, usually flowering terminally and corymbosely from upright shoots of the season; bark of the stem green and glaucescent,the prickles dark purplish, all rather slender and weak, but some larger and less slender than others, all straight, spreading or slightly deflexed: leaves very ample for the plant; leaflets 7 to 11, obovate and oblong-obovate, sharply serrate, somewhat cuspidately acute, pubescent on both faces when young, the upper face glabrate in age; stipules very narrow and entire, soft- pubescent, but neitber glandular nor prickly, the rachis often setose-prickly ; receptacle smooth and glabrous, the sepals very woolly within and also marginally, the tips vil- lous on both sides, the back of the basal part glandular- hispid : achenes nearly smooth, but more or less hirsute on certain of the angles and about the base or summit. I thus designate unhesitatingly as a new species one of the commonest of North American roses, and one most abundantly inhabiting a very extensive range in the United States and Canada; a denizen of the prairie regions of the West and Northwest, from Illinois and Missouri to the Da- kotas and Manitoba. It has passed for Æ. Arkansana, and to that extent that probably almost all the so-called R. Arkan- sana of the herbaria of the country is of this species. It is found in eastern Kansas and Nebraska, but does not occur in Colorado, or anywhere very near its borders, in so far as we can ascertain. It is the peculiar rose of the rich grassy prairies of the upper Mississippi Valley ; and, though pass- ing usually for R. Arkansana, has been distributed by Sand- berg, from Minnesota, as R. humilis. It is, of course, a part of R. blanda of the earlier American authors, and of local botanists residing in the prairie regions. Probably no botanist knowing, as I know, both the Illi- nois and Wisconsin prairies, and the valley of the Arkansas in Colorado, could be brought to entertain the notion that any species of rose could be common to the two. The latter 14 PITTONIA. is an arid and subsaline half-desert country, a region of cacta- ceous and salicorniaceous plants, probably about as different from the region of Rosa pratincola as Arabia is from Eng- land ; a consideration which does not seem to have entered the minds of our American rhodologists—if we have any— much less those of the European students of the genus. Rosa Arkansana has not, I think, been collected a second time; and as I spent many a week in arduous collecting about Cañon City, in different years between 1873 and 1896, without having seen original R. Arkansana, 1 entertain a suspicion that it may have been founded on some corymbose- flowering precocious shoot from the root of the so-called V. blanda of that region, or perhaps of R. Fendleri. But, apart from the antecedent improbability of this our eastern prairie species being also an inhabitant of a cactus desert, the western and xerophilous rose, the real R. Arkansana, is glabrous, while ours is pubescent; it has stipules both gland- ular and prickly, while ours has them softly pubescent only ; it has sepals reflexed in fruit, while in ours these are erect. New CHORIPETALOUS EXOGENS. AQUILEGIA ELEGANTULA. Erect, slender, mostly less than a foot high, glabrous except as to the inflorescence, the pe- duncles and exterior of the flowers hirtellous-pubescent ; the long-petioled and almost exclusively radical leaves glaucous beneath: flowers mostly solitary, terminating the merely bracted scapiform stems: flowers small, about 1 inch long, the light-green sepals and light-yellow limb of the petals erect; spurs straight, longer than the sepals, rather widely inflated above and this part of the flower light-searlet: filaments short; styles elongated and exserted- Southern Colorado, in Slide Rock Cafion,and on the flanks NEW CHORIPETALOUS EXOGENS. 15 of Mt. Hesperus in spruce woods; collected by Messrs. Baker, Earle and Tracy, 30 June, 1898 (n. 237). RANUNCULUS OCREATUS. Stems only 3 or 4 inches high, stoutish and succulent, solitary, from rather elongated and slender ascending rootstocks having few and elongated fibrous roots; the herbage quite glabrous: earliest foliage represented by one or more ample scarious stipular sheaths ; the lowest proper leaves only 1 or 2, with short scarious- stipuled petiole,and blade of suborbicular outline 3-5-parted, their divisions 3-lobed ; cauline leaves similar but subsessile, with short but broad hyaline and sparsely ciliate stipules : flower solitary, short-peduncled ; sepals large and spreading, villous-hirsute externally ; the inconspicuous petals 5, barely equalling the sepals: filaments short ; head of pistils elon- gated: achenes unknown. Collected by Baker, Earle and ‘Tracy on Mt. Hesperus, Colorado, 2 July, 1898 (n. 912). Manifestly related to R. Eschscholizii, yet of very different habit; remarkable for the great development of scarious stipules. The underground growth very characteristic. Possibly some specimens of this species in the herbarium of Dr. Gray may have given rise to the statement made in the Synoptical Flora about a “ com- monly oblique caudex or short horizontal rootstock " in R. Eschscholtzii. But the genuine R. Eschscholtzii I venture to say—and I speak from large experience of the plant in many and widely sundered fields—has always clustered stems aris- ing from a compact tuft of fibres, showing no trace of root- stock or caudex. RawuwxevLUs EARLEr Related to R. Bongardi, similarly perennial and with slender fibrous roots, the stoutish and nearly glabrous stem 1 to 2 feet high and strictly erect ; petioles villous, and lower face of tbe leaves sparingly so, or when young somewhat silky ; blade of the leaves 3—5-parted, the segments of obovate general outline and cut into about 3 oblong or lanceolate lobes: pedunculiform branches few 16 PITTONIA. and very erect: sepals villous, reflexed : corolla 4 to 6 lines broad, the 5 petals oblong-obovate, obtuse, commonly per- sistent until the maturing of the achenes, these forming a subglobose rather large head; body of the achene com- pressed, but not thin, marginless, tbe sides strongly punctate under a lens, but smooth and glabrous, the beak stout and rather long, but with a more slender closely recurved tip. Along the Mancos River and other streams, June 22 and 28, Baker, Earle and Tracy (38,39, 187). Distributed as R. acriformis, to which it bears nothing likea near affinity. It is, as I have said, most related to R. Bongardi, Greene, but differs essentially by its large and more or less persistent petals. CLEOME INORNATA. Annual, a foot high or more, erect, rather widely branching above the middle; lower face of leaflets, and also the inflorescence; sparsely hairy, the whole plant otherwise glabrous: leaflets 3, rather broadly lanceo- late, acute, entire, less than an inch long, racemes short and dense: calyx-teeth broadly triangular and cuspidately acu- minate: petals white or faintly purplish: stamens very short, not exserted, the filaments not longer than the linear anthers; stipe of ovary longer than the rather short erect somewhat ineurved ovary; the latter tipped with a very distinct slender and incurved style. Near Grand Junction, Colorado, 26 Aug., 1896. Related to C. serrulata (otherwise known as C. integrifolia) somewhat closely, this notwithstanding its small size, and almost in- conspicuous white flowers. The showiness of the flowers in most members of this genus is owing to the greatly elon- gated and distinctly colored filaments which always surpass the corollas; but here the stamens are short and almost included within the corolla. The prominent inflexed style is another notable character. NEW CHORIPETALOUS EXOGENS. 17 DRABA PETROPHILA. Stems several, rigidly erect from a slightly decumbent base, about 4 inches high, these and the long basal leaves arising from a stout and simple perpen- dieular erown or rootstock densely clothed with the persist- ent bases of the leaves of former years: basal leaves oblan- ceolate, obtusish, entire 14 inches long, stellate-pubescent and hirsute-ciliate; the cauline similar as to pubescence, though less ciliate, but rather numerous, ovate-oblong, spar- ingly toothed, sessile by a broad base and erect: racemes short and subcorymbose; corollas large, yellow ; calyx spar- ingly hirsute: pods elliptie or elliptic-lanceolate, glabrous, strongly twisted, beaked by a slender style 3 line long or more. Ledges of the Santa Rita Mountains, southern Arizona; collected by C. G. Pringle, 1884, and distributed as D. strep- tocarpa; but greatly at variance with that in its stout scaly caudex, upright basal leaves, and obtuse erect cauline ones, not to speak of that stellate pubescence which completely debars its admission as a form of that species. DRaABA HznLERIANa. OD. stylosa, Heller in herb., not of Dulac (1867), nor Turez. (1854), nor D. aurea, var. stylosa, Gray. Stoutish freely branching and leafy biennial (or per- haps sometimes perennial) 14 feet high; herbage rather thinly clothed with short forked or somewhat stellate hairs, the stem with some longer and hirsute ones forked above the middle: cauline leaves ovate-oblong, entire or few- toothed, somewhat narrowed to the sessile base: racemes numerous and short, subsessile: sepals yellow, hirsutulous with forked hairs; petals golden-yellow: pods much longer than the pedicels, narrow and twisted, acute, tipped with a long stoutish style, marginally hispid-ciliolate, the hairs either simple or forked. In eafions among the foothills of New Mexican mountains at elevations of 7,000 to 8,000 feet, Heller (n. 3669), and Wooton (275). Mr. Heller's statement, printed on his labels Prrrosia, Vol. IV. Pages 17-24. 7 Feb., 1899. 18 i PITTONIA. ‘Authentic specimen, from type locality,” is mere bombast. Fendler collected no such plant as this; and Mr. Heller did not find the subalpine Fendlerian type on whieh Gray founded his D. aurea var. stylosa. DraBa Neo-Mexicana. Draba aurea, var. stylosa, Gray, but not D. stylosa of Heller. Perennial, the few slender sparsely leafy flowering stems 4 to 6 inches high: lowest leaves spreadjng and loosely rosulate, oblanceolate, entire, acutish, densely stellate-pubescent beneath, sparsely so above, destitute of simple hairs; cauline leaves similar as to pu- bescence, but of rather broadly lanceolate outline: calyx stellate-pubescent: pods elliptical, scarcely twisted, glabrous, acute, tipped with a long style. A subalpine species, of the mountains back of Santa Fé, New Mexico; this description drawn from Fendler’s n. 48 as found in the U.S. Herbarium. I know no other speci- mens agreeing with them ; though I doubt not that more or less of the so-called D. aurea of the Rocky Mountains may belong here. I have seen no North American specimens which could rationally be referred to D. aurea after being compared with the Greenland type of the species. DRABA PINETORUM. A tall and rank very leafy peren- nial, commonly almost 14 feet high: basal leaves from spatulate-obovate to oblanceolate, dentieulate, seldom an inch long, the cauline larger, often 1} inches long, lanceo- late or oblong-lanceolate, evenly denticulate or somewhat serrately toothed, all stellate-scabrous on both faces, the stem with some short simple hairs: racemes 1 to 3, elongated but subsessile; sepals nearly glabrous, the hairs much scat- tered and mostly simple: pods scarcely 3 lines long, on pedicels of about 6 lines, oblong or elliptic, contorted, tipped with a long style, the valves notably hispidulous with simple hairs. In pine woods along the summit of the Pinos Altos Mountains, southern New Mexico, 16 Sept., 1880; collected NEW CHORIPETALOUS EXOGENS. 19 by the present writer, and distributed as a variety of D, streptocarpa, according to what was then Dr. Gray's opinion regarding it. DRABA SPECTABILIS. Perennial, the stems numerous, erect, 6 to 12 inches high, equably and rather copiously leafy to the middle, the upper one-half occupied by the long and showy short-peduncled raceme: basal leaves few, nar- rowly obovate, short-petiolate, an inch long or more; the cauline oblong-obovate, sharply and even sometimes deeply and incisely serrate-toothed ; all the foliage thinnish as to texture and green, the lower face sparsely clothed with bifid and closely appressed hairs, or some of the hairs showing a third and short branch, upper face more sparingly rough- ened with binate or ternate shorter and merely ascending (not appressed) hairs: sepals from almost glabrous to sparsely hirsute with mostly simple hairs: petals very large, golden- yellow: pods 4 to 4 inch long, oblong, obtuse or acutish, glabrate or hirtellous, tipped with a prominent style, their ascending or spreading pedicels 3 to ? inch long, hirsute in a line beneath, otherwise glabrous. Plentiful at from about 10,000 to 11,000 feet altitude in the La Plata Mountains of southern Colorado; collected in 1898, by Baker, Earle and Tracy, and distributed by them partly for D. aurea and partly for D. stylosa, Heller; but the plant has excellent specific characters of its own, and is doubtless the most showy known Draba; in this respect easily rivalling the scapose D. Mogollonica, Greene. DRABA LUTEOLA. Perennial,6to 10 inches high, paleand cinereously stellate-pubescent throughout, with only a seanty and dimly perceptible villous pubescence of simple hairs mixed with the stellate on the stem: leaves all ovate-lanceo- late, acutish, entire or serrate-toothed, those of the tall flower- ing stems equably distributed and ascending: racemes usually several from midway of the stem, narrow and rather strict: sepals thin, yellowish-green, hirsute with mostly ^« 20 PITTONIA. double hairs; petals large, cream-color, obtuse, entire: ped- icels much shorter than the pods and distinctly villous throughout; pods linear, acute, } to $ inch long, slightly contorted, rough-puberulent, tipped with a short and slender style. From the same region as the last, and by the same col- lectors; and inexcusably mistaken for D. streplocarpa, a plant whose best character is that of being villous and not at all stellate-pubescent. 'lhe most robust specimens are those flowering and fruiting luxuriantly as biennials, or at least, the second year from the seed; but others show a perennial duration of the root. DRABA DEFLEXA. Stein stout, erect, 3 or 4 inches high, racemose almost from the base: leaves mostly in a dense rosulate basal tuft, oblong-lanceolate, entire or sparingly toothed, nearly glabrous superficially, but the margin hir- sute-ciliate: calyx glabrous, the thin sepals tinged with purple: petals white, showy: pedicels widely spreading, in fruit deflected, much exceeding the pods in length, these elliptic-oblong, } or $ inch long, glabrous, the stigma small and sessile. Camp Stambaugh, Wyoming, collected in 1878, by Dr. Maghee; specimen preserved in the U.S. Herbarium, with- out a name. THELYPODIUM CRENATUM. Perennial, the stout stems sev- eral from a branching caudex and 3 feet high: herbage green, wholly devoid of bloom: lowest leaves oblong-oblan- ceolate, obtuse, tapering to a rather long petiole, strongly erenate or crenate-serrate ; cauline leaves reduced and scat- tered, lanceolate, sessile, subentire: racemes short, corym- bose-panicled: corollas white, the petals small and obtuse: pod not seen. Mancos sage plains, southern Colorado, Baker, Earle and Tracy (n. 394); distributed as T. integrifolium, but certainly distinct by its perennial roots, thin crenate leaves, and herb- age not in the least glaucous. NEW CHORIPETALOUS EXOGENS. 21 AMELANCHIER PRUNIFOLIA. Stems clustered and bushy, 6 or 8 feet high, the branches stout and rigid, with an ashy bark: leaves small (the largest only an inch long), coria- ceous, pale and glaucescent, glabrous on both faces or nearly so, mostly oblong or elliptie and entire, some obovate- oblong and with a few teeth across the obtuse apex, all on slender petioles of 3 inch: fruits few, in a pendulous corym- bose raceme, the pedicels an inch long or more and very slender: segments of the calyx narrowly triangular-lanceo- late and elongated, in the reflexed fruiting condition reach- ing almost to the base of the fruit: flowers not seen. On sage plains and low foothills about Mancos, Colorado, July, 1898, Baker, Earle and Tracy (n. 665). Related to the far northwestern A. pallida, and equally xerophilous; but quite distinct by its narrow foliage of different outline, and by its long narrow calyx-teeth. AMELANCHIER VENULOSA. Habit of the preceding, and with similar pale bark, but leaves constantly broad-obovate, entire below the middle, sharply serrate at the obtuse apex, pale beneath, greener above, conspicuously feather-veined, the veins close, in about 8 pairs; pedicels and very short petioles white with a fine tomentum, this reappearing on the triangular-lanceolate segments of the calyx, but the full- grown fruit nearly glabrous; corymbs short, few-flowered. This is known to me only as collected long ago by Mr. S. B. Parish, at Cushenberry Springs, in southern California. I had referred it to A. pallida at first, notwithstanding that its foliage is very different, not being pale except beneath, and being of different outline. But the obvious fine and close venation of the leaves is in marked contrast with the approximate veinlessness of other eoriaceous-leaved desert species of this genus. 29 PITTONIA. NOTES ON MACHjERANTHERA. At page 60 of the preceding volume I named, and gave an outline of the characters of M. montana, recording at the same time my suspicion that it would be found an aggre- gate of several good species. Since the time of that writing I have again visited the habitats of several of these plants; have also examined, in the herbarium of Columbia College, several of Nuttall's specimens not seen by me before; and lastly, Professor Nelson of the Wyoming University has sent me coplous material from those high plains where Nuttall himself collected so long ago. I am thus much better equipped than I was three years ago, for the work of identifying, and more fully describing certain of Nuttall's Dieterias, most of which fall, according to my view, into the genus Machzranthera. M. viscosa. Dieteria viscosa, Nutt. ‘Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 301. M. montana, Greene, Pitt. iii. 60, in part. Bien- nial; the stems solitary or several, erect, 1 to 2 feet high, usually spieate or racemose in the middle, but more corym- bose at summit, or not rarely wholly eorymbose: herbage green and seemingly glabrous, but under a lens puberulent, the inflorescence and especially the involueres glandular and viscid: lower cauline leaves narrowly oblanceolate. rather remotely but sharply serrate: bracts of the large and nearly turbinate involucre in 5 or 6 series and closely imbricated, their green herbaceous tips long and narrow, closely reflexed and very viscid: rays rich purple, 18 or 20: achenes much compressed, the faces rather obscurely striate under the thin coat of appressed silky pubescence. Plentiful on plains of the Platte in northern Colorado; the above description based on specimens collected by my- self at La Salle, in 1896. The herbage is, as Nuttall said, fragrant; the odor balsamic and very pleasant. NOTES ON MACHJERANTHERA. 28 M. PULVERULENTA. Dieteria pulverulenta, Nutt. 1. c. 300. M. montana, Greene, l. c, in part. Biennial, erect, about a foot high, somewhat fastigiately panicled, more or less ca- nescent with a fine pubescence, this on the peduncular branchlets and involueres mixed with sessile or subsessile very minute resiniferous glands: rather small and scattered leaves oblanceolate, entire or serrate-toothed: heads small, subturbinate; involucral bracts in about 3 series, rigid, their short green tips suberect: rays few (8 to 12). Common on elevated plains in Wyoming, northern Col- orado, etc.; a much smaller and more slender plant than M. viscosa, and occupying a totally distinct and higher alti- tudinal belt. M. pivaricata. Dieteria divaricata, Nutt. l. e. 301, in part. M. montana, Greene, l. c. in part. Rather larger than the last, the branching divaricate and diffuse rather than fas- tigiate: involueres much larger, hemispherical, their bracts in about four series and with abruptly recurved green tips: rays 12 to 16. Of the same range as the last, and with similar foliage . and pubescence; perhaps confluent or hybridizing with it, yet generally distinguishable even in the herbarium by the involucre and mode of branching. In duration it appears to be biennial. M. suBALPINA. Stems several, erect, only 5 to 10 inches high from a perennial root, the heads few and subracemose ; herbage cinereous-puberulent, but the involucres and their pedicels viscid-granular: leaves narrowly oblanceolate, acute, entire: heads rather small, the involucres subturbinate, their rather broad erect granular bracts in about 3 series, acute, not spreading: rays 8 to 12, broad, purple. I have this plant only from Mr. Nelson of Wyoming. His tickets do not indicate the elevation; but Iam confident that it must belong to a higher altitude than the foregoing. The locality given is Bacon Creek. It is next of kin to my M. letevirens, but is of different habit, with narrow foliage, and is pale with an ashy pubescence. 24 PITTONIA. rd M. sPINULOSA. Perennial, the several stoutish erect vir- gately racemose stems two feet high: foliage green and stems purplish, but the whole minutely puberulent, the in- florescence somewhat glandular: radical leaves with oblong strongly spinose-dentate blade tapering to a rather slender petiole, the cauline linear-lanceolate, saliently serrate-dentate, the stout teeth spinulose-tipped: involucres rather small, turbinate, their rather narrow bracts in about 4 or 5 series, with subsquarrose green tips: rays 7 to 10, rather short and inconspicuous, apparently blue. Dry hillsides of eastern Oregon, W. C. Cusick, 1897 (n. 1811). Somewhat allied to M. inornata of northeastern Cal- ifornia; but a very well marked species. M. MONTANA, Greene, Pitt. iii. 60, excl. syn. Dieteria pulverulenta, divaricata and viscosa. This name may now stand for the plant of the Californian Sierra which formed a part of the original but aggregate M. montana. It is a perennial, pale throughout with a cinereous pubescence, the involucral bracts being glandular. The leaves are all nota- bly and almost pinnately lobed or coarsely toothed, the radi- cal of narrowly oblanceolate outline, the cauline broadly spatulate-linear. The large heads are corymbose rather than racemose; the campanulate involucres well imbricated, the bracts with squarrose green tips. The species seems to be of only southerly distribution in the Sierra; M. Shastensis being its northern homologue. M. TEPHRODES. Aster canescens, var. tephrodes, Gray, Syn. Fl. 206. Suffrutescent, the leafy and flowering branches glabrous below, scabrous above; the long linear-lanceolate leaves scabrous beneath and scabrous-ciliolate and with scattered short spinescent teeth: heads few, large, hem- ispherical, the involucral bracts hoary-tomentulose and not at all viscid or glandular, their tips long and subulate- attenuate, spreading or scarcely recurved.. Mountains of New Mexico and Arizona, NOTES ON MACHJERANTHERA. 25 M.oxvLEPIs. Perennial, a foot high or more, the long leafy stems erect, terminating in mostly a single large head, both stem and narrow entire ascending leaves canescently tomentulose, devoid of glands and with no scabrousness: bracts of the hemispherical involucre in about 5 series, merely tomentulose, closely imbricated and rigidly erect, the short green tips acute and those of the inner pungent: rays 15 or 20, large and showy. ; Southern Arizona, at Apache Pass, J. G. Lemmon, Sept., M. RIGIDA. Root and basal leaves not known, the stout rigid somewhat fastigiately panicled stem probably 2 or 3 feet high ; the whole herbage pale with a minute scabrous pubescence intermixed with small resin glands: leaves linear-lanceolate and with a few pairs of short stout divari- cate spinescent teeth: involucres very numerous and small, campanulate, their acute erect herbaceous-tipped bracts nar- row and in about 5 series: rays small, narrow, rather nu- merous, but pale and inconspicuous. Collected at Kearn’s Cafion, Arizona, by Miss Zuck, and communicated by Prof. Toumey. A coarse unattractive member of the genus, with heads as small as those of M. parviflora, though with twice as many bracts to the involu- cre, and these less herbaceous. EARLY Spreciric Types IN CHAMACRISTA. My paper on CHamacrista published somewhat more than a year since! was mainly the result of field study, and was designed to exhibit, and to emphasize the taxonomic importance of, those very notable peculiarities of floral strue- ture of which I seemed to have been the discoverer. 1 PrrTONIA iii. 238. Prrroxia, Vol. IV. Pages 25-40. 17 March, 1899. 26 PITTONIA. I have, in the interval, given such attention as I was able to give, to history of the genus in times subsequent to Lin- nius; and this line of research has proven no less interest- ing than was that of the field study of the plants in question. Some results of this bibliographie work I desire here to place upon record, for the use of any who may in the future take up and carry forward to completion a classification of the CHAMJECRISTA species. The genus, proposed as such, and duly published under this name, is ante-Linnzean, as I said formerly; but its real founder is not Commelin (1697) but Breyne (1678). And since 1753, when Linnzus suppressed it, I find four differ- ent authors reinstating it anteriorly to my own paper of 1897. And it so far seems to hold perfectly true, as I inti- mated in the earlier paper, that none of these earlier sup- porters of the genus studied the corolla to the extent of understanding it and making out its peculiarities. Besides Meench (1794 [misprinted 1694 in Pitt. iii, p. 241]), the other and later botanists maintaining the distinctness of these plants from Cassia are, Schrank (1805), who gives it a new name, Grimaldia ; Ernest Meyer (1825), who maintains the prior and rightful name, and Rafinesque (1838); this author also retaining the rightful name, but following his own whim of making the English X stand for a Greek Chi, the name with him reading Xamacrisia, which he neverthe- less must have pronounced Kamacrista. Again: all authors from Linnzus down to our time who have monographed the Cassias—Linnsus (1753 & 1762), Colladon (1816), De Candolle (1825), Vogel (1837) and Ben- tham (1871)—have admitted Chamzerista as a subgenus, and have placed it last in the series, as made up of plants the most remote of ail from the true type of Cassia. In so far as my examination of these authors has pro- ceeded, I observe that while with all of them the members of the Chamzcerista section are veritable Chameecristas, yet other excellent species of the same group are found to be * CH AMJECRISTA. 27 isolated completely from their nearest kindred, and lurk in the most improbable places here and there among the other sections of Cassie. In the first edition of Linnzus there occurs a fine illustration of this. On pages 379 and 380, under the heading, “* Chameecriste, foliolis numerosis," we have an unbroken succession of true CHAMACRISTA species; but then, the very first Cassia which he enumerates, (on page 376) C. diphylla, is as perfect a Chamecrista as any, and should have been ranged with its congeners at the end of the series. ; In the following partial enumeration of CHAMACRISTA species, I shall follow the chronological order of things, be- ginning with Linneeus and the year 1753. Certain of these species of 1753 were sufficiently indicated in my former paper. The following have now been determined by me as being genuine Chameecriste. C. mimosorpEs. Cassia mimosoides, Linn. Sp. 379. To this widely dispersed East Indian type (the original from Ceylon) Mr. Bentham reduces—though not without evident misgiving—more than twenty species that had been pub- lished by various authors; among these Chamecrista stricta and C. plumosa of E. Meyer. I do not find that any figure has hitherto been published of typical C. mimosoides. C. FLEXUOSA. Cassia flexuosa, Linn. l. c. Tropical America is the habitat of this; and it was published as a Chamecrista, not as a Cassia, in pre-Linnsan times, by Breyne with a beautiful folio plate, this plate being Lin- nexus’ type for the species as a Cassia. It is the historic type of what should be made a section of Chamzcrista marked by a strong development of the stipule. In some of the more recent species of this group the stipule is still more strongly developed, and that at the expense of the leaflets, which in some of them are very few, in others almost or altogether wanting. 28 PITTONIA. C. PROCUMBENS. Cassia procumbens, Linn. l. c., not of Thunberg, nor of Loureiro. An American and subtropieal. species, with which Linnsus, in the second edition of his Species, confused a somewhat similar Old World type. C. DIPHYLLA. Cassia diphylla, Linn. l. c. Cav. Ic. t. 600. Species exclusively American, though Linnsus made the mistake of attributing it to “India.” That the species is a good member of the Chamecrista group appears to have been discovered by Colladon; and since then all authors have so placed it. In the figure by Cavanilles the Chamz- crista habit, inflorescence, and corolla are very clearly brought out. Coming now to the second edition of the Species Planta- yum, it is to be observed that in this work four new species are added to the genus Cassia; and three of them are Cha- meecristas, though but one is there placed in its proper group, the others being ranged with the Sennas. Iu Cha- mecrista they will receive names as follows: C. pILosa. Cassia pilosa, Linn. Sp. 2 ed. 540; Collad. Hist. Cass. 122, t. 20, f. A. C. emarginata, Mill, and C. Milleri, Col- lad., according to Bentham. Plant originally from the Island of Jamaica, and first published by Patrick Browne in 1756. Not recognized as being a Chamæcrista by Lin- nsus, or Willdenow, but apparently first assigned its place in this series by Colladon. C. GLANDULOSA. Cassia glandulosa, Linn. l. e. 542; Col- ladon, l. c. 129 in part. Also West Indian, and first pub- lished by Breyne, in 1678, with an excellent plate (Cent. t. 24). In his first edition Linnzeus referred it to his Cassia Chamecrista; but here in the second edition he segregates it. Colladon has again confused things by citing under C. glandulosa Commelin’s Hortus Amstelodamensis, t. 37, which not only represents a totally distinct species, but is, CHAMJECRISTA. 29 if I mistake not, the type of Chamecrista pavonis, the real _ Cassia Chamecrista, Linn. Of this very old type-species Mr. Bentham appears to have made another of his favorite jum- bles, by reducing to it seven species of other authors. C. SERPENS. Cassia serpens, Linn. Sp. 2ed. 541; Colladon, l. c. 128. Native of Jamaica, and also of the small-flowered group to which C. nictitans belongs. After the second edition of Linnæus Species, the next work of importance to general botany is the eighth edition of Miller's Gardeners’ Dictionary. In this are published a very considerable number of new Cassias that had been unknown to Linnzus; but none of these are recognizable as of the Chamecrista genus. However, it is easily discoverable by his excellent description of what he calls C. chameecrista, that it is not the plant which Linneus had so named, but a really new Chamecrista, Colladon in 1816 discovered this fact. and assigned the species a name. Then again, as late as 1895, by an American botanist it was described and named anew. Its name and synonymy must here be given. C. CHAMJECRISTOIDES. Cassia chamzeristoides, Collad. Hist... Cass. 1384. C. Chamezcrista, Mill. Dict., not of Linn. C. de- pressa, Pollard, Bull. Torr. Club. xxii, 515. Chameerista depressa, Greene, Pitt. iii. 242. Miller seems to have doubted as to the identity of his plant with the true Cassia Chamz- crista; for he says that it differs in having a “trailing stalk ; the leaves are much shorter, having but half the number of pinne, which are also narrower and shorter.” And these are precisely the characters upon which Mr. Pollard estab- lished his €. depressa. The description in Miller (1768) and that in the paper of 1895, are so completely harmonious that, were the two plants obtained from opposite hemispheres, we should still think them one; and when it is known both types came from opposite shores of the same subtropic sea, the 30 PITTONIA. Gulf of Mexico, all cause of doubt as to their specific identity is banished. Seven years subsequently to the appearing of Miller’s eighth edition Forskaal issued his Flora Ægypta-Arabica, and there is catalogued in this book an Arabian “Cassia pro- cumbens? caule erecto." Vahl afterwards, presumably after having critically examined the specimens, published this as new, under the following specific name: C. NIGRICANS. Cassia nigricans, Vahl, Symb. i. 30 (1790); Colladon, l. c. 113. Cassia procumbens, Forsk. Fl. Ægyp.- Arab. CXI (1775), not of Linn. Colladon seems to have felt some doubt as to whether this species should be reckoned a Chameerisia or a Chamesenna; but Forskaal’s having taken it for specifically identical with so typical a Chamszecrista as C. procumbens would of itself almost warrant the conclusion that it must be of this group; and Vahl’s description leaves no room for doubt. I do not ascertain that the species has ~ ever been figured. Among the new Cassias published by Lamarck in 1783, and by Thunberg in 1784,the following are certainly of the present genus: C. ANGUSTISSIMA. Cassia angustissima, Lam. Encycl. i. 650. An East Indian kind, known well enough long before Lin- nzeus, and neatly figured by Plukenet, Almagestum, t. 5, f. 2. and also by Rumphius. C..BREVIFOLIA. Cassia brevifolia, Lam. 1. c. 651; Colla- don, Hist. Cass. 123, t. 19. Native of Madagascar. C. capensis, E. Mey., in Linnza, vii. 172. Cassia Capensis, Thunb., Prod. 79. Indigenous to the Cape of Good meret ; figured in Colladon, t. 19. CHAMJECRISTA. 31 At least two of the Cassias published as new by Swartz in 1788 are Chamæcristæ, namely, C. viRGATA. Cassia virgata, Swartz, Prodr. 66, and FI. Ind. Occid. 728. Belongs to the West Indian archipelago. C. LINEATA. Cassia lineata, Swartz, Prodr. 66, and FI. Ind. Occid. 726. Island of Jamaica. Persoon among his new Cassias of 1805 had two which are of this genus; one of them having been assigned by him an untenable specific name, as will be seen below. C. ROTUNDIFOLIA. Cassia rotundifolia, Pers. Syn. i. 456; Colladon. Hist. Cass. 119. Native of South America. C..Prrsoontt. Cassia Persoonii, Collad. l. c. 119 (1816); C. lanceolata, Pers. 1. c. (1805), not of Forsk. (1775). Also South American. Colladon, whose fine monograph, published in 1816, is now a classic, may naturally stand last in the line of early post-Linnsan authors who contributed the knowledge of several new species belonging to this genus; and with these we conclude the present paper. C. BREVIPES. Cassia brevipes, DC., in Collad. l. c. 119, t. 9,fig. A. The species is Central American, and is one of many Chameecriste in which the leaflets consist of only a single pair, but of which the whole habit, and every char- acter of inflorescence and flower and fruit, are at agreement with this generic type. C. prFOLIOLATA. Cassia bifoliolata, DC. in Collad. 1. c. 120, t. 9, fig. B. Of Mexico and Central America. C. CUNEATA. Cassia cuneata, DC. in Collad. l. c. 121. In- digenous to South America. 22 PITTONIA. C. HECATOPHYLLA. Cassia hecatophylla, DC. in Collad. l. c. 124, c. 18. Native of islands of the Caribbean Sea. C. PATELLARIA. Cassia patellaria, DC. in Collad. l. c. 125, t.16. Isthmusof Panama and regions adjacent. C. CALYCIOIDES. Cassia calycioides, DC. in Collad. 1. c. 125, t. 20, fig. B. Northern South America. C. ZSCHINOMENE. Cassia xschinomene, DC. in Collad. 1. c. 127, t. 17. Native of the West Indies; perhaps represented in Breyne’s old plate 24, of the Centuriz; if so, then form- ing a part of the very complicated Cassia Chamecrista of Linneus. But the present species is evidently much nearer C. nictitans. New SPECIES OF SISYRINCHIUM. 4S.LaNwcroisr. Densely tufted and very slender stems 3 to 5 inches high, from a cluster of long slender rather wiry fibrous roots: leaves very narrowly linear, 2 to 4 inches long, erect, glabrous, closely and strongly about 5-striate: stems scarcely ancipital, rather subterete with a pair of strong keel-like angles, all parted in the middle into from 2 to 4 slender peduncles each with a single small few- flowered spathe, its bracts equal or nearly so, acuminate: pedicels short, filiform, perianth large for so small a plant, blue (evidently pale), the broad segments alternately merely obtuse and abruptly apiculate-acuminate, and retuse with a triangular-subulate cusp: stamens and pistil short, scarcely half the length of the perianth: fruit not seen. In meadows about St. Martinville, Louisiana, 11 April, 1892, Rey. A. B Langlois; said to be very common. “S. xEROPHYLLUM. Plant with a distinct though short erect or ascending rootstock bearing rather coarse densely NEW SPECIES OF SISYRINCHIUM. 33 tomentose fibrous roots; basal portion of the plant above ground sheathed with a rather heavy fibrous coat of dead remains of the foliage of other seasons: leaves and scapes of about equal length and more than a foot high, all of rather hard and dry texture: leaves pale and glaucescent, about 9-striate and very minutely erystalline-granular be- tween the lines: slender seape ancipital, with about 3 lines on either side of the midrib, and minutely dentieulate on the almost hyaline edges, the summit bearing two or more peduncled spathes, the cluster subtended* by a long bract; spathes many-flowered, their bracts about equal, acute, strongly striate: flowers aud fruits not seen. Collected by Mr. Nash, on high pinelands near Eustis Lake, Florida, 1894, and distributed for S. Bermudiana ; but representing a new species most strongly characterized by its distinet underground stem, tomentose roots, and the fibrous-sheathed tuft of leaves and scapes. ¿€ S. LITTORALE. Plant of rather thin and flaccid deep- green herbage darkening in drying: leaves few and short, though broad, seldom more than two or three, of only about half the height of the seape, somewhat ensiform, 7-striate and the lines rather remote: seape solitary, a foot high or less, ancipital, bearing a single spathe, the bracts very un- equal, the lower fur surpassing the flowers: perianth rather large, 4 inch long, violet, the segments alternately obtuse and retuse, all subulate-cuspidate: fruit not seen. A maritime species, growing among mosses, grasses and rushes, along the shores of Yes Bay, Alaska; collected by Mr. Gorman in July, 1895, and by Mr. Howell at about the same time; all the specimens in flower only. 4 S. MoxrANUM. Plant stout, erect, more than a foot high, herbage light-green, glabrous, not glaucescent: foliage rather copious but short, of less than half the length of the scapes, the broad leaves about 9-striate, the alternate lines com- 34 PITTONIA. monly rather obscure; scapes ancipital, each of the broad, sharp-edged subentire wings strongly 3-striate: spathes mostly solitary, their bracts very unequal, the outer of more than twice the length of the inner and 13 to 2 inches long: perianths apparently dark-purple; capsules large (nearly 1 inch in diameter), almost globose, very sparsely hairy. Meadows along the Mancos River, southern Colorado, Baker, Earle and Tracy (n. 113), 25 June, 1898; also by the same on Chicken Creek in the La Plata Mountains, at 9,000 feet, 7 July (n. 377). A large and doubtless showy species, exceeding even the Californian S. bellum in size. Ý 5. HALOPHILUM. Low and slender, tufted, wiry and glau- cous, the fibrous roots coarse but rather soft: narrow leaves about half the length of the scape, and very strongly 5-7-stri- ate: scapes5to8 inches high, tereteand very narrowly winged rather than ancipital, one of the wings, even, occasionally almost obsolete: spathes small, solitary, their bracts nearly equal: perianth not seen: eapsules small, pyriform, scabrous- pubescent, containing few and large seeds, these dull-black, nearly smooth. Collected at the Humboldt Wells, near Wells, Nevada, 25 July, 1893, in fruit only.” The species bears some superficial likeness to another halophilous species belonging to Arizona, i. e, S. demissum, discovered by me in 1889, near Flagstaff. But that has very numerous and almost minute seeds with a very rough testa; it also has a branching stem bearing two or more spathes. Here the stern or scape is perfectly simple and unispathaceous, the seeds being few, large, and with an almost smooth testa. It is more than possible that this Humboldt Valley plant may prove to have a wider distri- bution, and be found to include certain flowering specimens which are rather numerous in my herbarium, from various points in western Nevada, and from Californian stations east of the Sierra. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY SPECIES. 35 New or NorEWwoRTHY SPEciES, —X XIV. ' RIBES ARIDUM. Near R. amictum,the stems much stouter, rigid and flexuous, with puberulent bark, the nodes bearing short very stout recurved triple spines: leaves small, ca- nescently hirtellous on both faces: peduncles 2-flowered ; calyx-tube funnelform, the lobes oblong, the whole calyx hoary-tomentulose, dark-red withiu: fruits small, armed with short and stout (slender-conical) spines, in maturity bursting on oue side and ejecting the pulpy mass of the seeds, the pericarps persisting during the succeeding winter. A remarkable species, discovered among the arid foothills of the Californian Sierra near Caliente, Kern County, in 1893, by Mr. N. C. Wilson. The specimens are scarcely yet in flower, having been collected in January, but show buds near the time of expansion, the branches being still loaded with the dry pericarps of the preceding year. The charac- ters of the branches, spines and foliage alone, would abun- dantly distinguish the species from R. amictum to which I at the time too hastily referred the specimens. v RIBES CRUENTUM. Shrub of the size and habit of R. amictum, but wholly glabrous, leaves with their lobes less -erenate; flowers larger, the whole calyx with its almost cylindrie tube and long spreading segments deep crimson : petals white or pink, not strongly involute, laciniate-dentate across the obtuse apex: ovary and berry strongly aculeate. Species common in the Californian Coast Range, from Sonoma Co. northward into southern Oregon. Some spec- imens of it were present when R. amictum was first described, and from these the term “glabrate” found place in the diagnosis, the specimens cited from Hoopa Valley being of the present species, not the true R. amictum. This last, 36 PITTONIA. though occurring at the north as far westward as the inte- rior of Humboldt Co., is properly a shrub of the Sierra Ne- vada; is always tomentulose even to the outside of the calyx, and hasashorter broader flower, with quite different petals, these being only erose-dentate, and much thicker and more waxy in appearance than those of R. cruentum. ^ Arnica MERRIAMI. Stems from ascending rootstocks, slender, simple, monocephalous, about a foot high: lowest leaves upright, oblong-lanceolate, slenderly petiolate, entire obscurely 3-nerved; the cauline in two pairs, lanceolate, sessile, entire or denticulate, all sparingly pubescent and somewhat glandular; the peduncle of the large head glandu- lar-hirsute: bracts of the campanulate involucre lanceolate- acuminate, purplish: rays and disk saffron-color: pappus pale-fuscous and subplumose; acheues sparsely hirsute, not glandular. This species is known to me only as an alpine plant of the Californian Sierra; and it has passed heretofore as A. alpina, which is European. Itis here described from speci- mens obtained on Mt. Shasta, 18 July, 1898, by Dr. C. Hart Merriam, who observes that it is an associate of Bryanthus. From A. fulgens, Pursh, which is its lowland homologue, occurring from along the eastern foothills of the ‘Sierra northward and eastward to and beyond the Rocky Mountain plains, both its leaves, flowers and pappus abundantly dis- tinguish it; for A. fulgens has a prominently 5-nerved foliage of another outline, oblong and merely acutish bracts, yellow flowers, and a whitish merely barbellulate pappus. * ARNICA RypBerGit. About a foot high, from an ascend- ing rootstock, simple and rather leafy up to the 2 or 3 slender-peduncled and subcorymbose heads, apparently all the leaves opposite, and the lowest subradical pair very small, these spatulate-oblong, denticulate, those next above much larger, similar in outline, indistinctly 3-nerved, re- NEW OR NOTEWORTHY SPECIES. 37 motely but saliently dentate, the uppermost pair reduced, broadly ovate, abruptly acuminate: involucres narrow and rays few, all the flowers light-yellow: achenes silky-villous, not glandular; pappus fine and white, barbellate. This is Mr. J. C. Flodman’s n. 891 (of my set) from the Little Belt Mountains, Montana, 1896, distributed for A. ful- gens, to which it bears no particular resemblance. It is even nearer what we call A. latifolia Bongard, though the leaves are narrow. These are in about five pairs, and are not notably pubescent or glandular. YAGOSERIS MONTICOLA. Root stout, elongated and deep- seated, simple in young plants, in the older multicipitous and bearing several tufts of depressed leaves and short scapes: herbage very pale and glaucous, glabrous or more or less tomentulose: leaves from obovate and entire to nar- rowly lanceolate and toothed or pinnatifid : scapes stoutish, mostly 2 or 3 inches high, its upper part glandalar-hairy ; outer involucral bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate, the inner narrowly lanceolate: achenes linear-fusiform, distinctly nar- rowed at summit and this portion vacant (not filled by the seed); pappus dull-white, very firm, scarcely scabrous. A common and well marked species inhabiting the sum- mits of the higher mountains of the middle and northern Californian Sierra, formerly referred to A. glauca. The description is drawn mainly from specimens collected on Mt. Shasta, in 1898, by Dr. C. Hart Merriam. I gathered it myself, near Donner Lake, as early as 1874, and Mr. Pringle once distributed excellent specimens from, I think, the vicinity of Mt. Shasta. ! Lacruca campestris. Stout, low and very leafy, seldom 23 feet high, with a broad but short panicle: leaves ample, piunatifid and tootbed, the teeth sharp and salient, all the foliage sessile by a broad and somewhat sagittate clasping base, the midvein beneath prickly, the whole plant other- 38 PITTONIA. wise glabrous: involucres $ inch long, the outer bracts elongated deltoid, the inner oblong-lanceolate: flowers blue: achenes nearly black, compressed, sharply angled and with one sharp earinate nerve traversing the flattened face: fili- form beak about equalling the achene; pappus very fiue, bright-white. Common on open prairies in southwestern Minnesota ; collected by the writer at Prairie Junction, 7 July, 1898. With much the general likeness of a low and very leafy L. leucophxa, this plant drew my attention as something wholly distinct from that woodland species by its clear white pappus. I gathered specimens, not doubting that it was a new species, yet left them lying without examination or comparison, until, in January, in the first issue of Rhodora, there appeared an account of a new Lactuca Morssii, blue- flowered but with white pappus, from New England. Then I conceived that Dr. Robinson’s species must probably be the same as my unpublished one from Minnesota. But now, upon actually investigating my plant in the light of the description and figure of L. Morssii, I perceive that they can not be the same; the prairie species exhibiting an ex- tremely different lani much iem heads, and a one- nerved achene. | CAMPANULA WiLKINSIANA. Glabrous perennial, the up- right leafy few-flowered stems 3 to 6 inches high, from very slender rootstocks: leaves from obovate-cuneiform and toothed across the summit only, to oblong-lanceolate with serrate- toothed margins: flowers 1 to 3, on slender erect peduncles: calyx obpyramidal, the erect lanceolate entire teeth more than equalling the tubular portion: corolla deep blue-purple, funnelform, ereet, cleft nearly to the middle, the segments moderately spreading: style about equalling the corolla. Head of Squaw Creek, Mt. Shasta, California, at an alti- tude of about 8,000 feet, August and September, 1898, Miss Lewanna Wilkins. A beautifully distinct Campanula, with NEW OR NOTEWORTHY SPECIES. 39 no very near relative south of Alaska and the Olympic Mountains; and perhaps nearest C. aurita, Greene, of those regions. The calyx in C. Wilkinsiana is destitute of auricles or appendages. v PYROLA PALLIDA. Near P. picta, but smaller, the foliage altogether of a pale glaueous green and not mottled: leaves from obovate and obtuse to almost elliptical, subcoriaceous and with a narrow eutire callous margin: raceme rather dense; petals greenish, distinctly 3-nerved. Common on dry mountain sides, in the pine belt of the inner ranges of northern California and Oregon ; the species well represented by Mr. Cusick's n. 1714 of his East Oregon collection of 1897, and also by my own 933 distributed from near Yreka, in 1876, both sent out under the name of P. picta. Dr. C. Hart Merriam has lately shown it to me as collected by himself on Red Cone, near Mt. Shasta, July, 1898, and his insistence upon it as a plant wholly distinet from P. picta has led me to examine into its characters, with the result of my coming to a fall agreement with him in his opinion. P. picta is a plant of the moist woods that lie along the northwestern seaboard; and its large dark green but strongly white-blotched leaves are in vivid contrast with those of this denizen of the dry interior. v PHAcELIA FRIGIDA. Dwarf tufted but erect perennial, the short erown or caudex clothed with persistent dead leaves of preceding seasons; leaves crowded around the base of the short peduncles and on sterile lateral shoots, all simple and entire, with elliptic plicate-veined and silvery- strigulose blade of less than an inch in length, and a stout hirsute petiole as long: calyx-segments linear, hispid with scattered white bristles and destitute of other pubescence: corollas subcylindric, little surpassing the calyx, apparently whitish, stamens and styles exserted : capsule by abortion 1-seeded 40 PITTONIA. Alpine on Mt. Shasta, California; cellected by Dr. Mer- riam, 3 Aug. 1898. Species of the typical group of the genus; but all its immediate relatives are large plants, and of lower altitudes. ANTENNARIA CONFINIS. Stems tufted, suffrutescent, as- cending, very leafy, 6 to 10 inches high including the spar- ingly bracted scapiform peduncles: leaves spatulate-oblong, obtusish, mucronulate, about 4 inch long, 1-nerved, densely silky-tomentose on both faces: heads 5 to 9, subsessile and glomerate at summit of the bracted peduncle: involucre small and rather short, the bracts with brownish-yellowish very obtuse scarious tips from obovate in the outer series to oblong in the inner: bristles of the pappus short and rather rigid: male plant unknown. Species based on specimens obtained in the Santa Cata- lina Mountains, Arizona, in June, 1880, by Mr. J. G. Lem- mon. Itisof the group to which belong A. media of the Sierra Nevada, and A. umbrinella of the northern Rocky Mountains; but is distinetly suffrutescent, the stolon-like branches of the early part of the season remaining proper branches, not rooting. The involucres differ from those of A. umbrinella in that the scarious tips of the bracts are firmer in texture, and of only a brownish-creamy color. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY SPECIES. 41 ANTENNARIA NEMORALIS. Blade of radical leaves round- obovate to cuneate-obovate, very obtuse and notably mu- cronate, 1 to 13 inches long, lightly 3-nerved, glabrate above, the rather slender petiole an inch long or more: stolons elongated, scarcely leafy except at apex, the growing leaves thinly tomentose above, densely so beneath: flowering stems (only the male known) 3 to 6 inches high, with linear- acuminate bracts: heads 6 or 8, the central sessile, the others short-stalked, white tips of the involucral bracts oblong, obtuse or truncate: tips of the pappus bristles BEE serrulate or subentire. Said to be common in groves and open woods about Knox- ville, Tennessee; collected by A. Ruth, but the male plants only have been sent me; and these resemble those of A. de- cipiens (Pitt. iii. 321); but their stolons are longer and more depressed; their mature foliage is of another outline, and its upper surface is glabrate in maturity, while the tips of the pappus-bristles are much broader and less serrate. It is un- fortunate not to know the female plant of a species so well marked. CHRYSOTHAMNUS FORMOSUS. Low, branched from the base, forming dense almost spherical masses about a foot high; both the branches and very narrowly linear spreading foliage white with tomentum ; all the branchlets terminating in a large and dense ey me of rather elongated heads; branchlets of the cyme and their smaller bract-like leaves white-tomen- . tose, but the involucres wholly glabrous, their bracts numer- ous, 6 or 7 in each of the very distinet vertical ranks, the very short outer ones ovate; the inner successively longer, the inmost oblong-linear, all obtuse or acutish: corollas and achenes not known. A very elegant species, most distinct in habit and char- acters of the involucre, found only by the writer, in the neighborhood of a mineral spring among the hills a few miles ‘southwest from Grand Junction, Colorado, 27 Aug., 1896; Prrros1a, Vol. IV. Pages 41-52. 11 April, 1899, c 42 PITTONIA. at which time the shrub, though very showy with its fine white foliage and dense clusters of bright straw-colored in- volucres, was not yet quite in flower. All the following Chrysothamni, which were placed as doubtful varieties of C. speciosus in the third column of Erythea, [am now more fully convinced deserve the rank of species. C. GNAPHALODES. C. speciosus, var. gnaphalodes, Greene, Eryth. iii. 110. C. LATISQUAMEUS. C. speciosus, var. latisquameus, Greene, l. c. hd LJ . . C. Arizonicus. C. speciosus, var. Arizonicus, Greene, l. c. C. PLATTENSIS. C. speciosus, var. Plattensis, Greene, l. c. 111. The essential characters of all the above are given in the place cited, and need not be here repeated. GRINDELIA OXYLEPIS. Apparently annual (possibly bien- nial), erect, rather slender, about a foot high, simple and leafy up to the corymbose summit, or with a few divergent branches; stem glabrous, white and shining: leaves small and narrow, spatulate-oblong or oblanceolate, remotely ser- rulate, one-nerved, sessile by a broad auriculate-clasping base, or the auricles adnate to the stem: involucre low-hem- ispherical, $ inch broad or more, its bracts subulate-lanceo- late, their short green tips not spreading, the inner very acute, almost spinescent-tipped: rays few and broad: achenes small, truncate at both ends, from slightly compressed and with two angles, to somewhat triangular and quadrangular, the spaces between the angles somewhat striate; pappus bristles 2 to 4, twice the length of the achene, very slender for the genus and perfectly smooth. Moist plains near Chihuahua, Mexico, C. G. Pringle, 1886, NEW OR NOTEWORTHY SPECIES. 43 n. 748 in my herbarium, distributed for G. squarrosa, to which it is as much related as to any other Grindelia, yet remarkably distinct by characters of involucre, achene and pappus. HyMENoPAPPUS LUGENS. Near H. luteus, and with similar multicipitous caudex and leafless pedunculiform stems about a foot high, but more slender, the monocephalous branches of the inflorescence longer and more divergent ; herbage less tomentose, often green and almost glabrous : involucres smaller, campanulate, their bracts distinctly bi- serial, the outer shorter, oval or broadly oblong, showing a rather broad dark-purple margin, the inner euneate-obovate, not margined: corollas greenish-yellow, elongated, the nar- row subeylindrie throat much longer than the proper tube: achenes silky-villous; scales of the pappus oblong-obovate, as long as the proper tube of the corolla and exceeding the villous hairs of the achene. Inyo and San Bernardino counties, California, collected and distributed apparently only by Mr. S. B. Parish, whose earliest specimens were sent out as representing a variety of H. luteus, the later ones being labelled H. filifolius. SILPHIUM HELIANTHOIDES. Stem 3 to 5 feet high, obtusely quadrangular, striate between the angles, glabrous, leafy ; leaves all opposite, elongated-ovate, 4 to 6 inches long in- cluding the petiole of an inch, more or less, tninnish, lightly and irregularly serrate-dentate, or the uppermost subentire, all scabrous above, scarcely so beneath: heads in a rather ample sessile dichotomous cyme, their peduncles scabro-his- pidulous: large inner bracts of the involucre broadly ob- ovate, very obtuse, the outer successively shorter, relatively less broad and less obtuse, all hispid-ciliolate: achenes nar- rowly and somewhat cuneately obovate, narrowly winged. The plant thus named and described is probably included by recent authors in S. trifoliatum, and may form a part of 44 PITTONIA. Gray’s variety latifolium of that species. It is also the S. levigatum of Elliott, by the description, but can not be that of Pursh. The species is well represented in Mr. Ruth’s n. 777, from near Knoxville, Tennessee, of the collection of 1898. SILPHIUM COLLINUM. Stem terete, stoutish, striate, 3 to 6 feet high, glabrous, glaucescent, sparsely leafy, all the leaves alternate, petiolate, the petioles about as long as the blades; these of broadly ovate outline, commonly cordate or sub- cordate, angulate-lobed, the lobes entire or toothed: heads in an ample panicle, small; outer bracts of involucre ovate, the inner oblong-ovate, all obtuse, glabrous, only the margins scabrous-ciliolate: rays about 5, little more than 4 inch long: achenes puberulent, strongly obcordate, the wings so ending as to form a narrow and deep notch; awns not manifest, apparently wanting. Mountainsof eastern Tennessee to those of western Georgia ; not rare in collections, but mistaken for a form of S. com- positum, which is a plant of the lowlands of the southern seaboard, of half the size of the present species, with leafless and scapiform stem, the foliage appearing as if ternately compound (whence the name compositum). SILPHIUM Simpson. Stem a yard high, more or less, stoutish; terete and striate, very leafy, the leaves in twos or threes or alternate, mostly oblong-lanceolate, from repand to coarsely crenate or crenate-dentate, sparsely scabrous on both faces, the margins strongly so, the uppermost ovate, sessile by a broad and half-clasping base: heads large, long-pedun- cled; bracts of involucre ovate, obtuse or acute, puberulent and scabrous-ciliate: achenes large, nearly } inch long in- clusive of the wings, these broadest at the summit, ending to form an acutely triangular deep notch. Collected at Palma Sola, Florida, by Simpson, July, 1890; the specimens preserved in the U. S. Herbarium. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY SPECIES. 45 SILPHIUM INcIsuM. Stem 2 feet high, rather slender, with a few pairs of reduced opposite leaves; the principal foliage radical and large, with elongated-ovate blade 6 or 8 inches long (the hirsute petioles nearly as long), coarsely and in- cisely though not deeply toothed, sparsely strigose-hispid- ulous on both faces; cauline leaves lanceolate, incise-toothed, the lower pairs petiolate, the upper sessile: heads in a naked- peduncled cyme; involueral bracts oval to ovate, glabrous, ciliolate: achenes oval, narrowly winged marginally, but the wings abruptly produced at summit into a pair of broadly subulate teeth half as long as the body of the achene and forming a deep obtusely triangular notch. Peculiar species, known to me in a single, but very good specimen, preserved in the U.S. Herbarium ; collected near Rome, Georgia, July, 1888, by Gerald McCarthy. NEGLECTED GENERIC Typrs.—lI. PHYLA. Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 66 (1790). Zapania, Lam. i. 58, t. 17 (1791). Platonia, Rafinesque, N.Y. Med. Repos. v. 352 (1808), and Piarimula of the same, Fl. T'ellur. ii. 102 (1836). Species of Verbena, with Linnsus and pre-Linnsan authors; of Blairia, Geertner; of Lippia, Michx., and many more recent works. The type of this genus, known for a century or more be- fore Linnzeus as Verbena nodiflora, was retained in the Species Plantarum under that name. In general aspect the plant is more like certain species of Verbena than anything else; but this superficial likeness is deceptive. The simplest exami- nation of its inflorescence and fruit discloses characters in- dicative ofa much nearer affinity to Lantana and Lippia, these two representing a verbenaceous type very far removed from Verbena itself; for the group of which the last-named is 46 PITTONIA. typical has a fruit consisting of four distinct nutlets, while the Lantana-Lippia assemblage all have tneir carpels con- solidated. Lantana itself is characterized essentially by a drupaceous fruit, and Lippia, as to its type-species, is so much like Lantana in habit, inflorescence, and general as- pect, that only the absence of fleshiness to the pericarp sepa- rates it from that genus. Both Lantana and Lippia are coarse rough-leaved shrubs. Phyla on the other hand is a small genus of more or less creeping perennial herbs of alto- gether peculiar habit and aspect; and they have a pubes- cence most characteristic, consisting of sessile forked hairs. This kind of pubescence occurs in several genera of the Cru- ciferee; but in the Verbenacee it does not occur except in Phyla. In those extremely Lantana-like shrubs constituting typical Lippia the calyx is oblong-campanulate simply, with being compressed or flattened. In Phyla this organ is flat by compression, its two lobes being conduplicate. Hardly even Verbena itself is more definitely limited than is Phyla, both by habit and character. The earliest botanist to propose the separation of this type from Verbena appears to have been Geertner in 1788; but he merely appends the type-species to his genus Blairia ; so that it can not be received as the type of that genus. But Lamarck three years later seems to receive Verbena nodiflora as the type-species of his genus Zapania; and it has been under this name that the various supporters of the genus have ranged the species; but Loureiro's Phyla is also based on V. nodiflora, and enjoys a year's priority over Zapania. I can not attempt a full enumeration of the species; but all the following are known to me either by field acquaint- auce or in herbarium specimens, or both. P. nopirtora. Verbena nodiflora, ©. Bauh. Prodr. 125. Icon. (1620); J. Bauh. Hist. iii. 444. Icon. (1651); Moris. Hist. iii. sect. 11, t. 25, fig. 8 (1699); Barrelier, Icon. Rar. NEGLECTED OENBRIB TYPES. 4T t. 855 (1714); Linn. Sp. Pl. 20 (1753). Blairia nodiflora, Geertn. Fr. et Sem. i. 266, t. 56 (1788). Zapania nodiflora, Lam. Illustr. i. 59, t. 17, fig. 3 (1791); -Phyla Chinensis, Loureiro, Fl. Cochin. 66 (1790). Lippia nodiflora, Michx. Flii.15(1803) Platonia nudiflora (misprint for nodiflora ?), Raf. N. Y. Med. Repos. v. 352 (1808). Piarimula Chinensis, Raf. Fl. Tellur. ii. 102 (1836). If all that passes under this name is one species, it cer- tainly has a most remarkable geographic range, being found in the tropical and subtropieal parts of all the continents and of every archipelago that lies within those lines. It is curious that Linneeus names only “ Virginia" as the habitat of the species, while it had been known as thoroughly in- digenous to the Mediterranean regions of the Old World for at least a hundred years before his day. w P. LANCEOLATA. Lippia? lanceolata, Michx. Fl. ii. 15 (1803). Zapania lanceolata, Juss. Ann. Mus. Par. vii. 72 (1806). In- digenous to the Middle and Southern United States, prob- ably also extending to Mexico, and even to Central America if the Lippia Queretanensis of Kunth be, as some suppose, the same species. P.cuwErFOLIA. Zapania cuneifolia, Torr. Ann. N. Y. Lyc. ii. 234 (1826). Lippia cuneifolia, Steud. Nom. ii. 54 (1841), Torr. Marcy’s Report 261, t. 17. A very strongly marked halophilous species, common on moist subsaline or alkaline plains of the Rocky Mountain region, ranging westward to California, southward to Arizona and perhaps Mexico, and with a near relative or two in South America. P.nEPTANs. Lippia reptans, HBK. Nov. Gen. et Sp. ii. 263(1817). Common in tropical America ; allied to the pre- ceding, but its obovate-euneate leaves are strongly pinnate- nerved and distinctly plicate, thus differing greatly in appear- ance from those of any United States Phyla. 48 PITTONIA. P.cawEscENS. Lippia canescens, HBK. l1. c. Widely dis- persed in tropical and subtropical South America, inhabit- ing grassy plains; the leaves much larger than in the pre- ceding, not in the least plicate, but quite plane. 7 P. BETULÆFOLIA. Lippia betulefolia, HBK. 1. c. 264. In- digenous to northern South America; marked by larger leaves of rhombic-ovate outline, with impressed pinnate veins, and coarse sharpserrate teeth. Though strictly of this genus, Mr. Bentham is said to have made it the type of a new one, Cryptocalyx nepetxfolia, see DC., Prodr. xi. 584. SIEVERSIA. Willdenow, Berl. Mag. v. 397 (1811); R. Br. in Parry's First Voyage, App. 276 (1824); G. Don, Gen. Syst. ii. 527 (1832). Species of Gewm with most earlier and later authors. The essential characters of Sieversia as distinguished from Geum are those of its style; this organ here being slender, straight, continuous without articulation or bend, and in fruit wholly persistent and plumose; whereas in Geum it is short, stiff, jointed and bent at or near the middle, the upper portion eventually falling away. It is therefore a more strongly fortified genus than is Pulsatilla as compared with Anemone ; for in this instance the style in neither genus is either bent or jointed or in any part deciduous; and Pulsa- tilla rests on no other character of fruit than its elongated and slender plumose styles. It is habitally somewhat un- like Anemone, yet not more so than Sieversia is unlike Geum ; so that, on the whole, Sieversia is a better genus than Pulsa- tilla; and there have not been wanting eminent botanists who maintained the former while declining to give reeogni- tion to Pulsatilla, as for example Sir William Hooker in the Flora Boreali-Americana ; George Don in the General System, and Endlicher, Genera Plantarum ; and there are others; while the extreme of inconsistency is chargeable to some re- cent authors who maintain Pulsatilla yet suppress Sieversia. NEGLECTED GENERIC TYPES. 49 I here enumerate only such species as have been attrib- uted to North America. S. PENTAPETALA. Dryas pentapetala, Linn. Amon. ii. 353 (1750), and Sp. Pl. i. 501 (1753). Dryas anemonoides, Pallas, Reise, iii. App. n. 92. t. xxviii. fig. 2(1776). Anemone pusilla, Gertn. Com. Petrop. xiv. 543, t. xix. fig. 2, 3, vide Pallas. 1. c. Caryophyllata Camtschatica, Lam. Encyl. i. 395 (1783). Geum anemonoides, Willd. Sp. Pl. ii. 1117 (1799). Sieversia anemo- noides, Willd. Berl. Mag. v. 397 (1811) Originally’ from Kamischatka, the species was credited by Pursh to our “ Northwest Coast and the Kurile Islands,” apparently on the authority of specimens in Lambert's herbarium obtained from Pallas. But Gray,in the Flora of North America, after having seen the specimens cited by Pursh, quotes Pallas' labels thus: “Islands towards the coast of America," and “ Unalaska "; but the actual occurrence of this plant either on or near the American Continent seems to need verifica- tion, I quite sympathize with those authors who have dropped the earliest specific name pentapetala in favor of the second one, anemonoides ; for the earlier, given under Dryas, when it was very fitting, is absurd in a genus where all the species are pentapetalous. But these are days in which it seems uselesss to attempt to resist the tide of feeling for strict priority. S. GLACIALIS, R. Br. l c. (1824). Geum glaciale, Fisch. in Mem. Soc. Mose. ii. 187, t. xi, fig. 20(1809). Also an Asiatic species, but one whose occurrence in arctic or subarctic America is well authenticated. S. Rossi, R. Br. 1. c. (1824). Geum Rossii, Seringe, in DC. Prodr. ii. 553 (1825). Species exclusively North American and subarctic; but the two following have been confused with it. 50 PITTONIA. . §.TURBINATA. Geum turbinatum, Rydb. Bull. Torr. Club. xxiv. 91 (1897). Inhabiting the Rocky Mountains from Arizona and New Mexico northward. S. SERICEA. Geum sericeum, Greene, Pitt. iii. 172 (1897). From the Ruby Mountains, Nevada, to Montana. These three species, S. Rossii, turbinata and sericea, while at agreement with the generic type in point of habit, and in the continuity and persistency of the styles, fail to show the plumose characters in this organ. They may be compared to such species of Clematis as C. Pitcheri and crispa, in which the feathery hairiness of the styles also fails; but no one doubts their title to membership in the genus Clematis. S. ROTUNDIFOLIA, Ch. & Schl. in Linnea, ii.4(1827). Geum rotundifolium, Langsd. in DC. Prodr. ii. 15 (1825). Here we have a northwestern and insular Sieversia with foliage more like that of Geum ; but the styles are continuous, and also distinetly though rather lightly feathery. S. cILIATA, G. Don, Gen. Hist. ii. 528 (1832), also S. triflora of the same. Geum ciliatum, Pursh, Fl. i. 352 (1814), also G. triflorum of the same, ii. 736. Our most common species, extending across the continent northward along the bound- ary between the United States and British America ; in the western mountain distriets and high prairie regions occur- ring as far south as Missouri and Arizona; if Pursh's G. ciliatum and triflorum be one and the same species; which there may be reason for doubting. VANCLEVEA, Low tufted desert shrub, with the habit of certain species of Chrysothamnus, nearly ; but bracts of the turbinate invo- lucre wholly herbaceous, and very gummy as in Grin- delia. Rays none. Disk-corollas claviform, with 5 short NEGLECTED GENERIC TYPES. 51 erect teeth. Styles elongated, their tips long, subterete, papillose-puberulent as in Eupatoriaceous plants. Achenes apparently prismatie, villous-hirsute, surmounted by a per- sistent-pappus of about 12 chartaceous narrowly linear very acute pales, their margins delicately ciliolate. The genus is dedicated to the memory of Mr. J. W. Van Cleve, resident of Dayton, Ohio, in the days of Short, Peter, Riddell and Houghton, and a co-laborer with them in the field of western Botany. ; V.srYLOSA. Grindelia stylosa, Eastwood, in Proc. Calif. Acad. 2 ser. vi. 293 (1896). Inhabitant of sandy desert wastes in southeastern Utah; and perhaps the sole specific repre- sentative of its genus. Two New GERARDIAS. WrirH PLATES IX AND X. Q. DECEMLOBA. Very slender stem about a foot high, simple to the middle, thence bearing a few pairs of short simple racemose branches: leaves scarcely a half-inch long, setaceous-filiform, acute, scaberulous, ling of sul t the lower part of the stem,those subtending the few branches more spreading: pedicels about $ inch long, ascending, stoutish and firm fora plant so slender: calyx with venu- lose tube and short stout teeth: corolla bright pink, less than } inch long, more than 3 inch broad, the lobes all spreading and obcordate. Plant not uncommon about Brookland, D. C., inhabiting grassy knolls and hillsides bordering on pine woods ; flower- ing in October. The striking peculiarity of the species 1s the obcordate character of the primary divisions of the co- rolla, giving this organ the appearance of being ten-lobed. 52 PITTONIA. G. Hormrana. Commonly 1} feet high and loosely panic- ulate from near the base: leaves about an inch long and spreading, very narrowly linear, acute, only very minutely roughened: pedicels filiform, about an inch long: calyx- teeth very short: corolla deep rose-purple, ? inch broad and nearly as long, the lobes all spreading, broader than long, truncate or retuse, villous-ciliate: the longer filaments very villous, as also the throat of the corolla behind them ; an- thers with prominent incurved mucro. i Plentiful in open pine and oak groves along Michigan Avenue south of the Soldiers Home grounds near Brook- land, D. C., colleeted by Mr. Holm and the writer, 20 Oct., 1898. Possibly heretofore confused with G. tenuifolia, from which it differs very strikingly in that all its corolla-lobes are spreading and subequal. In G. tenuifolia (which is a much smaller plant) in all its forms, the two upper lobes of the corolla are erect,and galeately arched over the stamens, while the others are larger and spreading. This excellent species I dedicate to my friend Mr. Theodor Holm of Brook- land, D. C., not merely out of compliment; for the detection of the characters of both these species as distinct and prob- ably new, was the result of his own study of them in the field; and the excellent plates accompanying this paper are from his drawings. PLATE 1X. PITTONIA. GERARDIA DECEMLOBA, Greene. PLATE X. PITTONIA. GERARDIA HOLMIANA, Greene. A SERIES OF BOTANICAL PAPERS Professor of Botany in the Catholic Uniperity of ‘America, WASHINGTON, D. Juv—Dscrussn, 1899. A DECADE or New GUTIERREZIAS. Representatives of the genus Gutierrezia are abundant on all elevated plains and arid mountain slopes from Texas to the Dakotas, and westward to the Pacific; but the critical study of them has never been taken up at all seriously since the time of Nuttall and the elder De Candolle. It is easy to say that twenty or thirty seeming species, gathered out of as many different and often widely separated climatic regions, are all but so many modifications of *Gutierrezia Euthamie,” much easier than it is to carefully work out their specific characters. But the more difficult alternative is the only one that gives promise of results satisfactory to the travelled and observant student. The following are some of the species which I am able to make out from material existing in my own herbarium, collected largely by myself during many years of field work in the West. G. DIVERSIFOLIA. Stems 4to 8 inches high, loosely rather than densely tufted on a short stout ligneous crown of the root, angled and scabrous but hardly glutinous: lowest leaves somewhat oblanceolate, the short blade tapering to a long winged and hispid-ciliolate petiole, this again gradually widening to the base; only the uppermost truly linear and these not narrowly so: inflorescence of large and rather broadly turbinate involucres formed into an open more or . less dichotomous and not flat-topped cyme: bracts of the — involucre in only about 3 series, with thick obtuse green . tips: rays 5 or 6, disk-flowers 8 or 10: pappus-palez in the disk-flowers 8 to 12, very narrow and acute, those of the disk fsi is nanak] in the genus) less than half as long. ... Prrrowia, Vor. IV. Pages 53-72. M. July, 1899. 54 PITTONIA. Frequent from Middle and North Parks in the mountains of Colorado, to Montana and westward into Utah. "The de- scription is drawn from my own specimens obtained at vari- ous times near Laramie, Wyoming. Mr. Watson's n. 551, from Parley's Park, Utah, July, 1869, is of this species, according to the sheet retained in the U.S. Herbarium, where also is a sheet collected by Marcus Jones, at Cottrell’s Ranch, Utah, 21 July, 1894. G.LoNGIFOLIA. Shrubby at base, the leafy and floriferous branches of the season nearly two feet high; older stems terete, the newer striate and somewhat angled, devoid of even a scabrous pubescence, or nearly so: leaves linear, 2 inches long or more, 1-nerved: heads sessile and glomerate at the ends of fastigiate branchlets and forming a broad nearly flat-topped inflorescence; involucres elongated, obo- vate-turbinate, 23 lines high, their bracts long, with thick short green tips: flowers of ray and disk each 4 or 5; pappus- pales: of about the same number, mostly lanceolate, those of the ray shorter. Collected in the White Mountains of New Mexico, Aug., 1897, by Mr. E. O. Wooton, and distributed as G. micro- cephala (n. 377 of my set). The heads are notably long, nar- row and few-flowered ; but the plant is very large, perhaps the largest of its genus, and very unlike all others in aspect, its long foliage giving it much the appearance of Gymno- sperma corymbosum. G. GLOMERELLA. Tufted stems 2 feet high, not slender, fastigiately corymbose, the branches of the season striate, glabrous; narrowly linear leaves ascending, scaberulous, punetate, the ultimate twigs of the inflorescence and the in- volucres very glutinous, the latter mostly sessile in glom- erules of 3 to 5, nearly cylindrie, with only 1 ray and 1 disk-flower, the bracts few, obtuse, scarcely green-tipped ; the ray-flower half-enfolded by its involucral bract. A DECADE OF NEW GUTIERREZIAS. 55 'l'his is Mr. Wooton's n. 449, from the Organ Mountains, New Mexico, distributed, with my approval, as G. lucida ; but this was too hastily done. The plant has, indeed, the subcylindric 2-flowered involucres of the Californian species; but it has not the yellow-green somewhat shining herbage which suggested the specific name lucida; nor is it gla- brous ; and its foliage is ascending on the stems, while that of G. lucida is deflexed. G. riLIFOLIA. Size and habit of the last, but herbage dark-green and hirtellous-scabrous, the leaves ascending, linear-filiform, nearly 2 inches long; heads in a rather loose panicle, a few sessile, but most of them on short fili- form pedicels: involucres narrowly obovoid, the long inner bracts obtuse and merely green-apiculate, the outer and shorter with thick green tips: flowers of ray and disk 3 or 4 each, or those of the disk sometimes 2 only, the rays long for the genus. White Mountains of New Mexico, 24 August, 1897, at an altitude of about 5,000 feet, on what is called Round Moun- tain, collected by E. O. Wooton; apparently not distributed, my sheet of specimens having no number attached. By the number of flowers to the head this would be at agree- ment with G. microcephala, which, however, is a Mexican species quite different from this in important points. G. TENUIS. Shrubby below the middle, the whole tuft of slender stems nearly two feet high, the leaves and twigs sparsely scaberulous; branchlets of the fastigiate-corymbose inflorescence very slender: leaves all narrowly linear and plane, scarcely more than } line wide: heads mostly pedi- cellate, or the terminal ones sessile in pairs or threes; in- volucres obovoid, 1} lines high, their bracts in three series, the inner broad and very obtuse, inclined to be scarious- margined at summit rather than green-tipped, but the short outer ones less obtuse and with erect green tips: ray-flowers 56 PITTONIA. about 4, those of the disk*about 6; achenes with only a few hairs; pappus of about ten pales, the greater part of them somewhat lanceolate, or oblanceolate, the others narrower and shorter. Foothills of the mountains back of Silver City, New Mexico, collected by the writer Sept. 30, 1880. G. FASCICULATA. Size of the last, but less slender, the stem and leaves still more sparingly scaberulous, somewhat granular and quite viscid, the leaves few and widely spread- ing, the axils bearing short very leafy branchlets mostly sterile, but some monocephalous: inflorescence somewhat di- chotomously cymose-panicled: involucres oblong-clavate, 2 lines high, their bracts in about 4 series, all except the broad innermost ones with erect and stout green-herbaceous tips: flowers of disk and ray about five each; achenes some- what silky, and pappus of lanceolate paleze only fewer in the ray, nearly as long as those of the disk. Collected at Grand Junction, Colorado, 26 Aug., 1896. The flowers are all of a notably pale color for this genus. G. yUNCEA. Very slender densely tufted stems erect from a much branched woody base, destitute of leaves at flower- ing time, bearing above the middle numerous fastigiate almost filiform reedy branchlets each ending in a glomerule of about 3 sessile heads, the branchlets sharply angular and hirtellous-seabrous, clothed with scattered short and spread- ing leafy bracts: involucres oblong-obovoid, less than 2 lines high, their narrow bracts with acutish green tips: flowers of ray and disk each 4 or 5: pappus-palee lanceolate, acute. Obtained near Gray, New Mexico, in August, 1898, by Miss Skehan ; and also collected on Eagle Chief Creek, Okla- homa, 12 Oct., 1896, by L. F. Ward, whose specimens are in the U. S. Herbarium. The species of quite peculiar aspect, the leaves having mostly fallen at flowering time, the bushy tufts of naked reedy stems bearing only a few bracts on the filiform twigs of the flat-topped inflorescence, A DECADE OF NEW GUTIERREZIAS. 57 G. LEPIDOTA. Loosely tufted on'a woody base, the leafy and floriferous stems 14 feet high, smooth and glabrous, the rather large heads loosely cymose-panicled: lower leaves narrowly oblanceolate, obtuse, the upper successively nar- rower and those under the panicle linear, all ascending, only their margins scabrous, the surface marked with large dots each bordered with a hyaline scale, otherwise glabrous: the very distinctly turbinate involucres about 3 lines high, their bracts in about 4 series, all with thick blunt green tips: flowers of ray and disk each 6 or 7, light-yellow: pales of the pappus all lanceolate, acute. : Plains about Grand Junction, Colorado, 27 Aug., 1899, collected by the writer. Species very distinct by its scurfy indument and large turbinate involucres; as also by the character of its leaf-outline. G. SEROTINA. Low slender rather diffusely panicled stems tufted on a short erect ligneous base, the whole less than a foot high : the slender angular branchlets and very narrow linear spreading foliage dark green, only very sparingly scaberulous, the leaves somewhat punctate: the numerous heads mostly solitary at the ends of short filiform branch- lets: involucres barely 14 lines high, roundish and subcam- panulate, the few bracts broad and obtuse, not very notably green-tipped : flowers of the ray about 5, of the disk almost twice as many: pale: of the pappus oblong and obtuse in the ray, oblong-lanceolate and either obtuse or acute in the disk. Plains about Tucson in southern Arizona, beginning to flower late in autumn and continuing througb the winter; excellent specimens in fruit, and with some heads still in the flowering state, were collected by Prof. Toumey, 3 March, 1892, and distributed for G. spharocephala; a species which has, like this, a lax inflorescence of nearly spherical heads. But that is an annual, while G. serotina is strictly suffru- tescent like most others. kl 58 PITTONIA. G. DIVERGENS. Notably suffrutescent, 2 feet high or more, glabrous or merely granular-scaberulous, never truly sca- brous, the panicled rather than corymbose branches nearly destitute of foliage at flowering time: involueres 1 inch high, obovate-turbinate, their obovate obtuse bracts well imbricated and with blunt green tips: disk-flowers 5 to 7, those of the ray about 5: pales of the pappus 9 to 12, very unequal, all narrow and acute, the more numerous short ones sometimes conjoined at base with the longer ones, so that these appear trifid, i. e, as having short lateral seg- ments. This is the most common species of the genus in southern California, and is excellently represented by Mr. Parish’s specimens distributed from the San Bernardino mesas; and also, under no 2241, from near Fall Brook, San Diego County. Ina more slender and less glabrous form, with smaller involucres and comparatively narrow bracts, it occurs in the herbaria from Mission Valley, San Diego, collected by Mr. Orcutt. In the Botany of the Californian State Sur- vey Dr. Gray guessed the plant to be Lagasca’s G. lineari- folia; and in the Synoptical Flora he erred about as widely in referring it to G. Californica, a species everywhere marked by its few and very large heads, these variously scattered or glomerate. In the present species they are panicled as in no other North American Gutierrezia. Some WESTERN SPECIES OF XANTHIUM. Having long desired to attempt a segregation of our Amer- ican species of this genus, I have thus far been deterred by the seeming impossibility of identifying the older species. Even those of the Old World are wretchedly confused by Lin- nus; both his X. strumarium and X. orientale are aggre- gates, and several plants from both hemispheres are included by him in each. X. orientale, in spite of its name, has a SOME WESTERN SPECIES OF XANTHIUM. 59 Virginian plant for its type, if the species can be said to have, with Linnzus, any type at all. Miller's X. Canadense is perhaps as complex; but, as he defines no species at all, the name might well be treated as a nomen nudum ; and es- pecially in view of what, to me, is manifest, that it has been applied by different botanists to perhaps not less than a dozen distinct North American species. The X. Americanum of Walter and X. maculatum of Rafinesque are equally in- determinable, insomuch that the elder De Candolle, to get rid of so bad a lot, proposed a new name X. macrocarpum var. glabratum to cover all the North American members of this group known to him. In a monograph by Wallroth, published in 1842, that author seems to have found the dif- ficulties with the older North American species altogether insurmountable. He therefore rejects all the older names, assigning new ones to the five species which he makes out as belonging to our country. The identification of these will devolve upon him who shall undertake to disentangle eastern and southern Xanthia. At present I know nothing as to what his X. levigatum, pungens, Pennsylvanicum, van- thocarpum or oviforme are. Presumably, however, they all belong to the Atlantic slope of the continent. Little or nothing was known of this genus as represented west of the Mississippi in the year 1842. As all the following are from far-western regions, I shall, in naming them as new, incur small risk of becoming a manufacturer of synonyms. X. VARIANS. Upright, simple or sparingly branched, fruc- tiferous in all the axils almost from the base: stem very sparsely and minutely setose-hispid: leaves varying from lanceolate and serrate in the lowest to rhombic-ovate and broadly ovate-trigonous in the upper, these not lobed but doubly serrate-dentate, all tapering (though some abruptly) to the petiole, both surfaces scabrous: fruiting involucres oval, 8 to 10 lines long, densely prickly, the prickles half as long as the diameter of the body, slender conical, brownish- 60 PITTONIA. hirsute to the middle, the body of the involucre with a few short stiff dark prickles beneath the main ones: beaks stout, short-hispid up to the very short incurved tips. Sandy banks of the Columbia River, Klickitat Co., Wash- ington, Oct., 1893, W. N. Suksdorf, n. 1583, distributed as X.strumarium. Remarkable for the variability of its foliage. X. AFFINE. Size of the preceding, the inflorescence equally scattered, the sparse roughness of the stem strigose: leaves variable but all more or less distinctly deltoid, none lance- olate or rhombic, the uppermost broadly ovate-trigonous with truncate or subcordate base, though abruptly narrowed to the petiole, all doubly dentate, but none lobed, the sur- face sparsely strigulose-scabrous and minutely resinous- dotted : fruiting involueres 8 lines long, narrower than in the last, with only about half as many uncinate prickles, these more slender, far less hirsute, the body of the involucre between them bearing rather many short black truncated or gland-tipped aculez ; beaks more slender, less hispid and with longer iurat tips. Habitat of the preceding species, and by the same col- lector, distributed without a specific name, under n. 1584. Distinguished from X. varium by the appressed hairs of the stem and very different fruit. X. SILPHIIFOLIUM. Stem stout and tall, glabrous and purple-dotted below, strigulose towards the summit: large leaves from lanceolate-deltoid to deltoid-ovate, 4 to 8 inches long including the petiole, not at all lobed, but very evenly coarsely and doubly dentate or serrate-dentate, the base either almost truncate or abruptly tapering to the petiole, the surface sparsely muricate-scabrous and resin-dotted : fruiting involucres oval, 1 inch long or more, densely echi- nate with long prickles which are strongly and retrorsely hirsute, especially dorsally, up to the long naked horny tip, this somewhat doubly (or circinately) uncinate and fish- SOME WESTERN SPECIES OF XANTHIUM. 61 hook-like; beaks conspicuously longer than the prickles, more shortly hirsute, strongly incurved at apex. The type of this strongly marked species is of Mr. Suks- dorf's collecting from the banks of the Columbia, Sept., 1883, the specimen preserved in the U. S. Herbarium. Another specimen, with broader and less elongated foliage, is Sand- berg and Leiberg's n. 446 from Rock Island, Kittitas Co., Washington, July, 1893. X.GLANDULIFERUM. Rather slender, purple-stemmed, the upper part of the stem strigose-hispidulous: leaves rather small, long-petioled, not at all lobed, all of deltoid-ovate out- line, broadly cuneate and entire at base, doubly dentate from below the middle to the apex, strigose-hispid along the veins, the surface rather strongly strigose-scabrous: fruiting involueres oblong-ovoid, ? inch long, rather loosely echinate " with shortish prickles, these with some whitish hirsute hairs and many shorter gland-tipped ones, the body of the fruit also bearing many sessile or subsessile resin-glands; beaks slender-conical, white-hispid, divergent, incurved at tip. Collected at Walsh, Assiniboia, 15 Aug., 1895, by Mr. John Macoun, and distributed for X. Canadense, but the species evidently new, and thoroughly distinct. The ticket accom- panying my specimen bears the Canadian Survey number X. CAMPESTRE. Stout flexuous branched stems strongly angular, marked with short purple lines and sparsely sca- brous, the upper portion hispidulous: leaves of irregularly ovate-trigonous outline, not lobed, coarsely subsinuate- toothed and saliently dentate, the surface strongly muricate- scabrous: fruiting involucres narrow-ovoid, 1 inch long or more, densely echinate with long prickles which are rather shortly and sparsely ferruginous-hispid up to the middle, and with some sessile glands; beaks notably longer than the prickles, very stout and hispid, their tips little incurved. 62 PITTONIA. Fertile plains of the Sacramento River, in middle and northern California; the best specimens collected by myself, near Chico, June, 1890; but there exists in the U. S. Her- barium a good one from the Wilkes Expedition obtained near Sacramento. X. CALIFORNICUM. Stout and freely branching, the stem scabro-hispidulous and the leaf-surface very rough with short sharp strigulose hairs, the veins bearing some that are longer and strigose: leafoutline broadly and angularly ovate, the margins unevenly double-dentate: fruiting invo- lucres many and densely clustered in the axils, oblong- ovoid, about an inch long, pubescent and somewhat gland- ular between the only moderately crowded prickles, these rather short and stout, sparsely white-hispid toward the base, otherwise naked; beaks a little longer than the prickles, stout, hispidulous and glandular, somewhat in- eurved from the base and also hooked. Common in middle California, especially about San Fran- cisco Bay, being the X. Canadense of my Manual and of the Flora Franciscana in large part. X. ACUTUM. Stems naked and purple-streaked below, hispidulous above: leaves obscurely and inequilaterally ovate-trigonous, nearly truncate at base, very acute or almost acuminate at apex, unevenly serrate-toothed on the margin, hispidulous-scabrous and with copious small resin dots among the hairs: fruiting involucres racemose or subum- bellate in the axils on a peduncle an inch long, with also a sessile one at base of the peduncle, or the uppermost all sessile and glomerate, each involucre about $ inch long, ob- long, rather sparsely echinate, both the body of the invo- luere and its prickles toward the base invested with sessile resin glands and a few short white hairs; beaks little ex- ceeding the prickles, straightish and little divergent, gland- ular and white-hispidulous. SOME WESTERN SPECIES OF XANTHIUM. 63 . Known by a single specimen obtained at Stockton, Cali- fornia, by Mr. J. A. Sanford, in 1888. X. PALUSTRE. Erect, rather slender and simple, 2 or 3 feet high, the stem green and glabrous, only scabrous above: strongly muricate-scabrous leaves, of broadly ovate outline, often indistinctly 3-lobed, the blade abruptly tapering to the long slender petiole, obtuse at apex, the margin coarsely dentate: fruiting involucres axillary and sessile in twos or threes, slightly obovate-oblong, densely echinate with re- markably short prickles, these hispid at base, and the body of the involucre either naked, or hispid with more or less numerous stout gland-tipped hairs; beaks short and stout, hispidulous, and with very short inflexed tip. Known only from the brackish marshes of Suisun Bay, middle California. An exceedingly well marked species, re- ferred to by me as an indigenous state of X. Canadense in the Flora Franciscana. X. ACEROSUM. Stems very stout and flexuous, strongly scabrous above: leaves broadly and subcordately ovate, obtuse, crenate-dentate, very scabrous and with rather copi- ous minute resin dots: fruiting involucres about 2 in each axil, one of them peduneulate or both subsessile, about 11 inches long, very densely prickly, the prickles long and slender, hirsute or hispid to near the summit and with copi- ous short-stalked resin-glands intermixed with the hairs, the naked spinescent apex in about half of them perfectly straight and acerose, in the rest more or less curved or hooked; beaks slender-conical, little divergent, hispid up to the short strongly incurved tips. Known only from the valley of the Red River of the North, where it was collected by the writer, near Fargo, North Da- kota, 4 Sept., 1893. 64 PITTONIA. Four New VIOLETS. All these proposed new species of Viola are of the acau- lescent purple-flowered group. All except one have been known to me more or less imperfectly since 1897, and have been referred to one and another published species; but their distinctive peculiarities have now this year been strongly forced upon ine by seeing them in flower alongside those with which I had confused them. V.rRATINCOLA. Rootstocks mostly elongated and ascend- ing, stout and knotted, herbage wholly glabrous and rather light-green: early leaves reniform-cordate, evenly and closely crenate, those of summer of similar outline but 24 to 4 inches wide, cuspidately acuminate, commonly much broader than long, therefore cordate-reniform: peduneles of petaliferous early flowers, stout, elongated, bearing the flowers mostly above the leaves, terete, though with a narrow groove up and down the upper side; bractlets very short, broadly tri- angular-subulate, inserted at or below midway of the pedun- cle: sepals oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, nerveless, or the up- . permost one 3-nerved, all with short nearly truncate entire auricles: corolla $ inch broad, light-blue, all the petals broad and rounded, white at base, the lower pronouncedly purple- veined, the laterals strongly bearded at base with long white hairs mostly terete and cylindric but some abruptly clavel- late-dilated at tip: apetalous flowers of summer mostly or altogether hy pogeous. I collected this plant in its summer condition, on the first of July, 1898, in a low meadow of natural vegetation (the land never having been ploughed) near the banks of the Des Moines River, at Windom, Minnesota. It was growing in great abundance in the rich black prairie soil among grasses and lilies (Lilium umbellatum). Copious living specimens FOUR NEW VIOLETS. 65 of the plant in full vernal flower were sent me this season, from the same spot, by my niece, Miss Nellie C. Greene, so that I have now all needful data from which to determine itsrank. Of its distribution I know little; but it may safely be inferred that it is common iu low prairies of at least southern Minnesota, northern Iowa, and parts adjacent. Itis to be observed that in V. pratincola, as in perhaps not a few of the more northerly acaulescent violets, capsules and seeds are produced freely from the early and petaliferous flowers, these, of course, being borne on peduncles that are erect in maturity as at flowering time; but still, the greater proportion of seeds is produced from the later more or less subterranean and horizontal peduncles. V. Dicxsontr. Allied to V. cuspidata, but the herbage light-green, the pubescence more sparse and hispidulous, the petaliferous flowers on nearly terete peduncles about equal- ling the leaves and bibracteolate near the base: sepals lanceo- late, either naked or ciliolate: corolla about ? inch long, of a fine lavender-blue, the paired petals, especially the two up- permost, obovate-rhomboidal, the laterals white at base and strongly bearded with indistinetly clavellate hairs, the keel- petal shorter and narrower than the others, more or less conduplicate or convolute especially at apex, white at base, and purple-veined above the white: summer foliage less broad in proportion to its length than in V. cuspidata and more apt to be cucullate: apetalous flowers on short but nearly or altogether hypogeous peduncles. A common Canadian violet of woods and thickets, re- ferred by me to V. cuspidata when first seen in dried mate- rial; also commented upon by Mr. J. M. Macoun at page 186 of volume xii of the Ottawa Naturalist (Jan., 1899), under that name. But the description given is only a reprint of that of V. cuspidata and is now fouud to be very inappli- cable to the plant of Canadian habitat. The plates issued by Mr. Macoun are also, most unfortunately, and through 66 PITTONIA. my own fault in large part, wrong for V. Dicksonii. Figure 5 of plateiii,as to all but the flower, was drawn from a small Canadian specimen fresh in all except the flower; and this part of the figure was supplied from a dried corolla ; altbough it does not at all represent the real coroila of either V. Dicksonii or V. cuspidata. But plate 6 was made from a dried specimen of true V. cuspidata which had been collected by myself last summer in northern Illinois. I must here do Mr. Holm the justice of stating that he, after having made the drawings for these plates, expressed the opinion that the specimen from Illinois and that from Canada were of differ- ent species; a conclusion which was forced upon myself as soon as I saw the two plants in flower side by side in my garden last May. V. ELEGANTULA. Acaulescent and low, the whole plant at time of petaliferous flowering barely 3 inches high and the peduncles far exceeding the leaves: rounded and cordate- reniform leaves pale-green and slightly succulent, about 4 inch wide, short-petioled and the petioles erect, the margin lightly erenate and all parts wholly glabrous: peduncles obscurely angled, bibracteolateabove the middle, the bractlets subulate: sepals lance-linear, obtusish: corolla rather more thau j inch in length, not as broad as long; petals all similar in size and outline, oblong-obovate, obtuse or retuse, light- blue, the lower 3 with conspicuous violet veins on a white ground at base, the laterals bearing a low and thin tuft of short strongly clavate hairs, or some of them shortened to mere papille ; 2 upper petals naked, in full expansion de- flected and concealing the calyx: style elongated: late apetalous flowers small, aerial on short horizontal or recurved peduncles. Species collected by the Messrs. Macoun, not far from Ottawa, Canada, said to inhabit low moist places in the midst of sandy fields. It seems to unite the foliage of V. blanda with flowers of something like V. cucullata; though the FOUR NEW VIOLETS. 67 characteristics of the corolla of V. elegantula are very striking. The petals are much longer and narrower in proportion ihan those of V. cucullata, and the uppermost pair are deflexed, instead of standing upright as in other species of the group, It is also like the V. blanda group in respect to its greatly elongated peduncles which support the corollas away above the foliage. It is also suggestive of V. venustula to a certain degree, but chiefly by its small size as compared with other members of this group. The foliage in the last named is, however, of very marked character, and its flowers are of a dark-blue, and not borne above the foliage. V. vAGULA. Larger than the last, with dark-green gla- brous rather notably fleshy herbage: leaves at time of pet- aliferous flowering about an inch in diameter, somewhat deltoid-cordate, the length equalling or surpassing the breadth, the margin lightly crenate: peduncles surpassing the leaves, obscurely angled or semiterete, bibracteolate in about the middle, the rather obtuse bractlets with a few ob- scure glandular teeth: sepals oblong, obtuse: corolla nearly an inch in diameter, the breadth commonly greater than the length; petals deep violet, at base darkly venulose on a white ground, all obovate-spatulate, obtuse or notched, the odd one especially broad and often obcordate, the pair next to it bearing each a dense tuft of rather long and slender not in the least clavellate hairs: style not prolonged beyond he anthers: apetalous summer flowers aerial, but their peduncles short and more or less horizontal; their capsules short and thick, not dotted. Collected by Mr. J. M. Macoun, in the Ottawa district, and at first taken by him for V. venustula, which it resembles in some particulars, holding a place intermediate between that and V. cucullata, as to foliage being more like the latter. 68 PITTONIA. New or NOTEWORTHY SrECIES.—X XIV. ARGEMONE SQUARROSA. Perennial, the stout branching and apparently decumbent branching stems 2 feet high or more, rather sparsely hispid, the spines rather slender, and unequal: leaves simply pinnatifid, the lobes in pairs, with broad sinuses between them, hispidulous on both faces, the lobes spinose-tipped: flowers, and also the fruits, sessile at the open-cymose summit of the stem: sepals very hispid with ascending spines: corolla 3 inches broad, the white petals overlapping and expanding to the rotate: capsules nearly 2 inches long, of oval-lanceolate outline, bearing nu- merous bract-like herbaceous recurved and spine-tipped protuberances $ to ? inch long, their herbaceous basal part hispid with distinct prickles and also roughened with short coarse setose hairs, the body of the whole capsule similarly both prickly and setose-pubescent. An exceedingly pronounced species in the characters of the capsule; this organ appearing as if covered with spines- cent bracts. Its habitat is southern New Mexico, where it was collected in August, 1898, by Miss J. Skehan. ARGEMONE SANGUINEA. A. Mexicana, var. rosea, Coulter, Bot. West Texas, p. 12. The beautiful plant so named by Prof. Coulter is surely no part of A. platyceras; a species which is, I believe, wholly Mexican, and not known within the United States. The petals in A. sanguinea, so far from being rose-colored, are of a dark, almost blood red. It is to be regretted that it is not in cultivation, and that even in the herbaria it exists in only scanty and fragmentary material. V LESQUERELLA VALIDA. Stout decumbent flowering stems numerous, axillary to the outer leaves of a rosulate tuft, the whole with a single tap root, the stems about 5 or 6 inches high, and, with the leaves, calyx and pods silvery with a NEW OR NOTEWORTHY SPECIES. 69 close lepidote-stellate indument: obovate or somewhat spat- ulate basal leaves entire or few toothed, tapering to a pet- iole, the cauline oblanceolate, entire: racemes short and dense, hardly more than corymbose even in fruit: pods ovate, somewhat compressed, tipped with a style of half their own length; cells about 6-ovuled. Collected at-Gray, New Mexico, by Miss Josephine Ske- han, 1898. ARAGALLUS RICHARDSONII. Oxytropis splendens, var. Rich- ardsonii, Hook. F1.i.148. The Ozytropis splendens of Douglas was published in Hooker’s Flora as including two varieties, one of which he named vestita; and this is Douglas’ type of the species. It is distinguished readily as exhibiting an elongated spike which is very conspicuously bracted, the bracts considerably surpassing the flowers. It is less com- mon within the borders of the United States than is that whieh I here raise to specifie rank under the name of A. Richardsonii. The greater proportion of our Rocky Mountain and still more westerly so-called Oxytropis splen- dens belongs to the present species, whieh is characterized by much smaller flowers, forming an elongated and narrow spike, and this without the manifest bracts subtending the flowers. Bracts are indeed present, but, not equalling the calyx in length, are wholly inconspicuous. ARAGALLUS CAUDATUS. Size of A. splendens, and with 4 to 6 leaflets in the whorl, these all elliptic-lanceolate and very acute but unequal, the largest an inch long, but others in the same whorl scarcely half as long: scapiform peduncles very hirsute, bearing a broad and short spike at the utmost only 2 inches long and of oblong outline; each flower sub- tended by very narrowly linear and strongly hirsute caudi- form bract of an inch in length: flowers rather large, appar- ently rose-red (fading lilac-purple): fruit not seen. Specimens collected at Moose Jaw, Assiniboia, 26 June, 1896, by Mr. John Macoun (Canad. Surv. n. 13,957). The 70 PITTONIA. spike before expansion of the corollas is only round-oval, and appears as if it were a mere cluster of long almost fili- form plumose bracts. SOLIDAGO PRUINOSA. Erect, 3 feet high or more, very leafy up to the dense short pyramidal panicle of short spreading or slightly recurved abruptly ending and obtuse racemes of rather large heads: leaves ascending, 2 inches long, elliptic- lanceolate, acute or acuminate, slightly but evenly serrate from near the base to near the apex, distinctly 3-nerved and canescent or almost hoary on both faces with a dense rather soft puberulence or pubescence: pedicels and branches of the inflorescence almost tomentulose: bracts of the more than middle-sized involucre in about 3 series, the short outer ones subulate-linear, the inner long ones also visibly narrowed _ from base to apex but obtusish ; flowers apparently light- yellow. Collected at Moose Jaw, Assiniboia, 13 Aug., 1895, by Mr. John Macoun, and numbered 10,893 and 10,894 in the Cana- dian Survey Herbarium. An uncommonly good species of the section to which S. Canadensis belongs, but with the in- dument of such species as S. Californica and S. nana, no approach to which is made in any eastern or southern forms of the S. Canadensis group. EucEPHALUS Macounn. "Tall and amply leafy but rather slender, sparsely but rather roughly puberulent: lower leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3 inches long, the upper oblong, sessile by a broad half-elasping base, all acute and remotely but very sharply serrate: heads few and corymbose, about i inch high; involucres broadly turbinate, their bracts in about 4 series, all lanceolate, very acute, purplish and stiffly ciliolate marginally, but pubescent on the back and very herbaceous for the genus: rays 10 to 15, narrow, violet: achenes pubescent; pappus-bristles rather slender and soft, but the longer ones dilated upwards. Vicinity of Victoria, Vancouver Island, July, 1893, col- NEW OR NOTEWORTHY SPECIES. : 71 lected by Mr. John Macoun, no. 447; distributed for Aster radulinus, and later referred by me to EHucephalus Engel- mannii, from which its pubescence, serrated foliage and nar- row pubescent involucral bracts completely distinguish it. MACHJERANTHERA TAGETINA. Related to M. tanacetifolia, of similar habit, the root doubtless annual: herbage rough- ish with a short spreading pubescence, some of the hairs gland-tipped: leaves consisting of an oblanceolate long ter- minal lobe and two or more pairs of remote linear short pinnules below it, the reduced ones of the branchlets smaller and with less inequality between the terminal and lateral lobes: heads about half as large as in M. tanacetifolia, the involucres turbinate, their bracts in about 3 series, closely imbricated and wholly erect, the linear white-chartaceous lower part much longer than the subulate-linear erect and hardly acute green tips: rays few (12 to 15); achenes (im- mature) densely silky-villous. Of this species, remarkably distinct from all others known in character of foliage and involucre, only a flowering branch apparently broken off from what may have been a large plant, is preserved in the U.S. Herbarium. It was collected by T. E. Wilcox in 1891, at some unrecorded station in Arizona. MACH.ERANTHERA COMMIXTA. Stems 6 inches high more or less, apparently from a perennial root, reddish and gla- brous below, hirtellous-scabrous above: leaves large for the plant, spatulate, serrate, 3-nerved : involucres several in a terminal corymb, large, campanulate, their bracts in 3 or 4 series, broad, with triangular-subulate viscid-granular spreading green tips: rays many, large and showy. From the Henry Mountains, Utah, 1894, by Marcus Jones; the specimen preserved in the U. S. Herbarium, mounted with specimens of the next. It might be referred to the Colorado M. Pattersonii but for the conspicuously 3-nerved leaves and the characteristie involucre of broad short-tipped bracts. 72 PITTONIA. MACHJERANTHERA MUCRONATA. Low esspitose perennial, rather smaller than M. Pattersonii, far more slender, but heads as large: leaves mainly basal in tufts, oblanceolate, entire, petiolate, at apex euspidately mucronate, nearly gla- brous on both faces, but margins finely ciliolate, and the petioles eiliate: seapiform peduneles decumbent, slender, 5 to 6 inches high, bearing 1 to 3 large campanulate invo- lueres, their narrow bracts in 3 or 4 series, with long sub- ulate-attenuate thin-herbaceous hispidulous spreading tips of purple color: rays many and showy : achenes glabrous. Rather copious specimens of this are in the U. S. Herba- rium, all from Mr. Jones, and collected in Arizona in 1894, at two stations, designated as Thompson Cafion, and the Buekskin Mountains. BIDENs VULGATUS. Coarse and stout somewhat fastigiately branched annual commonly 8 to 6 feet high, obscurely pu- bescent or almost glabrous: largest leaves 6 to 10 inches long, divided into 5 lanceolate incisely serrate abruptly acuminate divisions all petiolulate leaflets, the two lower cut at base into one or more secondary leaflets: fruiting heads few and very large, terminating the somewhat corymbose branches and branchlets, the more strictly terminal ones $ inch high and 1i inches broad; leafy outer bracts of in- voluere surpassing the head, their petiolar base ciliate: rays few and inconspieuous: achenes thickish on the margin, more or less pubescent, the outer yellowish-green, sparsely tubereulate on the back. One of the commonest and most annoying of autumnal field and wayside weeds throughout the Eastern and Middle U. S, and one which has heretofore passed for B. frondosus ; perhaps supposed to be the type of that species. But the real B. frondosus of Linnzus, equally common, is a more slender plant, more widely branching, with heads hardly half as large, whose best specific character may be its nar- rower slenderly, or even caudately, acuminate leaflets. SEGREGATES OF CALTHA LEPTOSEPALA. During almost thirty years I have been acquiring famil- iarity in field and herbarium with the white-flowered Caltha species common in alpine or subalpine districts of our far- western mountains, from New Mexico to Montana and from middle California to Alaska, all of which have until now been referred partly to C. biflora and partly to C. leptosepala ; or else, as by all our botanists not long ago, even C. biflora itself, and all the rest were called forms of C. leptosepala. The species last named was founded on specimens derived from the seaboard of subaretie North America, a country as different climatologically and phytologically as Iceland is different from the mountain districts of Italy and Spain. I have never yet had the good fortune to visit those high- northern shores which are the habitat of the genuine C. lep- tosepala, and so have never seen it growing; but it has for some years been evident to me, from the herbarium speci- mens, that nothing answering to the diagnosis of C. lep- tosepala is found within the limits of the United States, or even near our borders; forall our southerly and alpine speci- mens are most strictly acaulescent, their flowers, though numerous, all being solitary, terminating axillary scapes, whereas, in the far-northwestern plants each individual dis- plays but a single apparently terminal leaf-bearing stem with two flowers, one of which is properly terminal, the other axillary to the solitary leaf. Moreover, while the far-northern plants exhibit filiform filaments, our mountain species, at least some of them, have short and more or less flattened filaments. When one has detected such strong differential characters as these which I have thus indicated, it is no longer possible to regard all these things as variations of Prrronta, Vol. IV. Pages 73-101. 8 Dec., 1899. 74 PITTONIA. Caltha leptosepala; and I suggest the following tentative classification of the species: * Caulescent ; or the peduncle solitary, terminal (apparently), leaf-bearing, usually 2-flowered. C. BIFLORA, DC. Syst. i. 310? Leaves numerous, long- petioled, erect, appendaged at base by very conspicuous broad obtuse dark-brown sheathing stipules, the blade round-reniform, the broad rounded basal lobes overlapping and closing the sinus, the margin evenly erenulate, in width 14 to 3 inches, the length considerably less: cauline leaf like the others but smaller and short petiolate, inserted below the middle, with a broad clasping stipule, and forming a very obvious node, the two peduncles very unequal: sepals oblong or obovate-oblong, obtuse: filaments filiform, four times the length of the linear anthers. This diagnosis is made, independently of the original Candollean description of C. biflora, from specimens col- lected on moist mountain slopes at Bailey Bay, Alaska, 14 June, 1894, by Mr. M. W. Gorman, of Portland, Oregon. The specimens are beautiful ones, and two sheets of them are known to me, one being in the herbarium of the Cath- olic University, the other in the National Museum. It is probably the real C. biflora, DC., though certainty can scarcely be hoped for until the originals, supposed to have been preserved in the Banksian herbarium, have been ex- amined. At one point our specimens fail to answer the re- quirements of De Candolle’s diagnosis; the leaves in our plant are not * reniform, cordate at base, with a very broad sinus.” They are more near to the orbicular than to the reniform, and the sinuses are closed. I accept, though with much reluctance, the explanation of the late Dr. Huth, that as in the dried specimens the basal lobes are often folded upwards over the body of the leaf and pressed closely down * so as to be half invisible, so De Candolle was misled as to the existence of a broad open sinus where, in the fresh plant, SEGREGATES OF CALTHA LEPTOSEPALA. 75 there was no sinus at all but a closed one! The apology is a lame one, indeed; for, if Dr. Huth and I could see that the broad sinus was artificially or accidentally made in the process of drying, why should not such keen eyes as were those of De Candolle have detected this? Nevertheless, upon no other supposition can this Alaskan plant of mine be accepted as representing C. biflora; and so I assign the name with a mark of doubt. At same time, if this be not that species, then none of our white-flowered Calthas can be. And I here offer willingly a suggestion that has lately been made to me in a letter, by the most experienced of all botanists in the flora of far-northern and northwestern Amer- iea, Mr. John Macoun. "This friend has failed to find any plant in any of his many expeditions to the Northwest, or in any of the numerous collections made there by others, which he can confidently receive as answering to the de- scription of C. biflora in the important points of the foliage. But he finds plants of tke yellow-flowered C. palustris group which are not only strictly two-flowered, but which have precisely the foliage, basal and eauline, ascribed to C. biflora. Now against the accepting of this view, that C. biflora is a simple-stemmed two-flowered yellow Caltha with reniform leaves showing a broad open sinus—as seen in many sub- arctic specimens—against this lies the fact all the yellow- flowered plants have five obovate sepals instead of the ten oblong ones which are, by distinct implication, attributed to C. biflora. Otherwise, it must still be admitted that, in the absence of any white-flowered Caltha answering the requirements of C. biflora as to foliage, Mr. Macoun's suggestion is a valuable one. But the Alaskan plant here somewhat hypothetically taken for real C. biflora Mr. Macoun has not seen. C. MALVACEA. C. biflora, Torr. Bot., Wilkes Exp. 215, not of DC. nor Hook. Habit, stem and geminate peduncles as 1 HELIOS, ix, 68. 76 PITTONIA. in the last, but herbage light-green (as in C. palustris), the leaves orbicular, 2} to 4 inches broad, 2 to 3 inches long, the sinus narrow or closed, the margins rather coarsely and deeply crenate, the petioles (in mature plant) 6 to 8 inches long, with obtuse but very short stipules; cauline leaf nearly semiorbicular, 2 inches broad, on a petiole of 1 inch, inserted above midway of the stem and with broad clasping stipule: sepals apparently only 6 or 7; filaments filiform: carpels distinctly stipitate, the stipe gibbous at base by a rather notable protuberance. An exceedingly well marked species, known to me in only two specimens, both in the U. S. Herbarium, one of them (in flower) from the Wilkes Expedition collection, obtained “near the Cascades” in eastern Oregon; the other by G. R. Vasey from the mountains of eastern Washington, 1889. As far as descriptive terminology can go, this plant might quite as well be C. biflora as not. But the habitat must probably exclude it from all close relation to that species; and its yellow-green herbage, and large very mallow-like foliage remove it completely from all other white-flowered Calthas. It is not certain that the plant is even subalpine. It may possibly be of wet subsaline plains “ near the Cas- cades.” C. conFinis. Low and stout, with the usual deep-green herbage: basal leaves long-petioled, round-sagittiform, acut- ish, subentire, the sinus narrow and rather sharply angular; cauline reniform, subsessile, entire: peduncles 2, short (1 to 2 inches long), stout, divergent: sepals 5 only, broadly obo- vate, brownish without, milk-white within: filaments short, flattened and linear, the whole stamen shorter than the nu- merous pistils. Founded on a single specimen, imperfect as to foliage, ob- tained in July, 1894, near the Reindeer Station at Port Clarence, Alaska, by Dr. James T. White, and deposited in the U. S. Herbarium. In this we have a two-flowered SEGREGATES OF CALTHA LEPTOSEPALA. 77 Caltha imitating as closely as conceivable the two-flowered states of C. palustris, even to the broad petals limited to five in number. The leaves are almost precisely those of the Castalias in their round-sagittiform cut. C. LEPTOSEPALA, DC. Syst. i. 310? Hook. Fl. t. x, fig. 1, doubtless. Basal leaves erect on long and rather slender petioles, round-oval, obtuse, with subcordate or subsagittate base and short rather open sinus, the margin coarsely and somewhat irregularly crenate or crenate-dentate; the cauline one smaller, more nearly truncate at base, petiolate, inserted about midway of the stem, its stipules lanceolate-subulate, not clasping, the node indistinct, the lateral peduncle shorter and more slender than the terminal one: sepals 6 to 10, oblong-linear, obtuse: filaments linear-filiform, thrice the length of the anthers, the whole stamen surpassing the rather few pistils: mature carpels substipitate. The plant here described answers well to the original account given of C. leptosepala, and to Hooker's figure. But still its habitat, as far as I can read it in the herbaria, is different from that assigned by De Candolle. No such speci- mens are in my herbarium, nor in that of the National Mu- seum, but there are three sheets of it in that of the Canadian Survey at Ottawa, namely, n. 1,251, from mountains south of the Zulameen River, B. C., 27 July, 1888, collected by Dawson; n. 1,252, Tsi-Tsutl Mountains, B. C., in swamps and marshy meadows, 14 July, 1896, by the same; and n. 19,246, from Maclennan River, Fraser River, B. C., 31 July, 1898. They are all British Columbian specimens, and may there- fore not improbably represent the real C. leptosepala. €. Macouxr. Size of the last, but leaves smaller, on shorter and not erect petioles, more cordate at base, the sinus often closed, the margin from entire to repand-dentate or shallowly erenate: peduncles several, 1 to 4-flowered, usually with a reduced leaf inserted below midway, on a slender 78 ' — PITTONIA. petiole, but scarcely marking a distinct node, an occasional peduncle leafless and scape-like: sepals 6 to 10, oblong-linear, commonly quite unequal: filaments elongated and narrowly linear: carpels 6 to 10, rather thick, substipitate. : À beautiful species, well marked as such, though holding an intermediate place between the two groups herein out- lined; only the smallest specimens presenting the solitary two-flowered peduncle; all the larger exhibiting several stems, one of which is one-flowered and bractless. The British Columbian specimens collected by Mr. Macoun are numbered as follows: n. 1,255, from along streams at 6,000 feet on Mt. Queest, 28 July, 1889; n.1,2506, obtained in alpine swamps at 5,500 feet on Mt. Arrowsmith, Vancouver Island, 17 Julv, 1887: and n. 1,257, collected near the snow line in the Selkirk Mountains, 20 Aug., 1885. I also locate here a number of specimens in the U. S. Herbarium, which are from about the same geographical region within the U.S. boundaries. One from Mt. Rainier, at 6,500 feet, collected by Mr. C. V. Piper in August, 1895. There is another from Cougar Peak, Oregon, by Coville and Leiberg, 1896. This is in fruit, and all the foliage is quite entire. A third is “from beyond Florence, Idaho,” L. F. Henderson. This specimen exhibits large leaves quite defi- nitely crenate, and one stem has three flowers, with a pair of leaves subtending the peduncles. Yet another, Sandberg and Leiberg’s n. 723 (1896), from Stevens’ Pass in the Cas- cades, has four peduncles, each axillary to a bract of its own. The filaments in all these U. S. specimens, as in the more northerly ones, are so much compressed that they are linear rather than filiform. m C. cHELIDONII Dwarf, the largest 4 inches high, others 2 or 3 inches; herbage very dark-green: leaves all round- cordate with open sinus, acutish, slightly, and for their size rather remotely, crenate, mostly less than an inch long, spreading, short-petioled, the cauline one not small, rather SEGREGATES OF CALTHA LEPTOSEPALA. 79 long-petioled, inserted near the base of the stem or scape, its axillary peduncle short and slender, never much more than half as long as the terminal one, its stipules somewhat lunate: flower small, the oblong obtuse sepals 5 to 8: filaments linear. Known only from Yellow Head Pass, in the Rocky Moun- tains of British America, where it was collected 13 July, 1898, by Mr. W. Spreadborough, who records that it grows by the margins of alpine rivulets. It is n. 19,250 of the Canadian Survey herbarium. It is not named in reference to any likeness to the celandine of modern botany ; but it is most closely imitative of what was formerly known to all botanists as Chelidonium minus, i. e. Ficaria ranunculoides. As a species it is less intermediate between the two groups than is the last; for only one specimen shows a true scape, all the others having a solitary flower stem, and this bracted and forked peculiarly near the base. ** Acaulescent ; all the flowers borne on axillary and bract- less peduncles. C. HowErLri. C. biflora, Howell, FI. i. 20, not DC. C. lep- tosepala, var. Howellii, E. Huth, in Helios, ix. 68. Slender and rather flaecid, the long-petioled round-reniform leaves 2 to 3 inches broad, the rounded basal lobes mostly closing the sinus, the apex often distinctly retuse, the whole margin from entire to repand-dentate: scapes 2 or 3, often much exceeding the leaves: sepals about 10, large for the plant, variable, some oblong-linear, others in the same flower obo- vate-oblong, all obtuse: filaments filiform. Common at subalpine elevations in the mountains of Oregon, thence southward to at least middle California in the Sierra Nevada. Good specimens have been distributed by Mr. Howell, from several Oregon stations, especially from the base of Mt. Hood, 1880. Mr. H. E. Brown has sent it abroad from Mt. Shasta, June, 1897. Mrs. Austin obtained and distributed large and beautiful flowering specimens 80 PITTONIA. from near Colby, Butte Co., Calif., in 1896, and Mr. Sonne, from Mt. Stanford, 1890. It is in my herbarium also from Lassen’s Peak, Chesnut and Drew, 1891, and also from my own collecting in the Scott Mountains, west of Mt. Shasta, Aug., 1876, these specimens being peculiar as showing a very evenly and regularly repand-dentate leaf-margin. C.ROTUNDIFOLIA. C.leptosepala, var. rotundifolia, E. Huth, l.c. Like the last in habit and inflorescence, but herbage of much firmer texture, the leaves always longer than broad, commonly round-obovate, sometimes more elongated, the small basal lobes commonly overlapping and closing the sinus, the margin from subentire to rather unevenly dentate : scapes mostly about 3, in fruit sometimes more than a foot high, always stout: sepals large, oblong-obovate, thickish, bluish without: filaments flattened and rather broadly linear, only twice the length of the short anthers. A most widely dispersed and variable alpine species, com- mon from Colorado to Montana, westward to Idaho and the subalpine moist plains of northeastern California; prob- ably alsoin Utah and Nevada. The specific name is in- appropriate; most Calthas being more nearly round-leaved than this. The entire-leaved form on which Huth estab- lished his variety is somewhat rare and exceptional. C. cHIONOPHILA. Acaulescent, with stoutish peduncles and scapes, and leaves thick and firm in texture, their out- line from oval-subsagittate to obovate-subreniform, or even somewhat panduriform by an evident constriction below the middle, the whole margin usually eoarsely and sharply dentate: earliest scapes either not equalling the leaves or little exceeding them: sepals 10 or fewer, oblong to obovate, large, the flower often 13 inches in diameter: stamens very short, the filaments not longer than the anthers and widely dilated, of oblong outline, and even the connective subulate- dilated: mature carpels not known. NEW SPECIES OF ANTENNARIA. 81 Obtained in the mountains of southern Colorado, near Pagosa Peak, at an altitude of 11,000 feet, by Mr. C. F. Baker, 28 Aug., 1899; and some earlier specimens in the U.S. Herbarium from southern Utah appear to be referable here, namely, those from Fish Lake at 9,000 feet, Mareus Jones, 8 Aug., 1894; also others from Marysvale, by the same col- lector in the same year. New SPECIES oF ANTENNARIA. A. SORDIDA. Stems densely tufted rather than cespitose, 5 to 8 inches high, firmly erect but rather slender: stolons crowded, ascending, leafy throughout and not rosulate: leaves oblanceolate, acute, ł inch long, more or less condu- plicate, numerous on the flowering stem, and much alike here and on the stolons: the indument of both faces soft, rather loose, dull as to color, heads most 5 to 10 or more, short, subcampanulate, crowded and subsessile, forming a hemispherical or subglobose cluster: bracts in about 4 series, their scarious tips obovate-oblong, or some narrower, many with a few coarse serrate teeth, the innermost often cuspi- dately apiculate, all of a decided but often dingy or brownish pink color. This formed a part of my original A. rosea, but is known only from the higher mountains of northern Colorado, where it occurs in moist sandy soil at 8,000 to 10,500 feet. Mr. C. S. Sheldon's n. 128, from North Park, near Teller, well repre- sents the species; and my friend Mr. Holm has just brought better specimens from the headwaters of Clear Creek, these having been collected on the 11th of September, 1899. It can hardly be the original var. rosea of D. C. Eaton ; but that name should be ignored, being a nomen nudum. A. Horwrr Cespitose, the erect floweri ng stems of the female plant (male not known) 5 to 8 inches high and rather 82 PITTONIA. slender : stolons short, depressed, rosulately leafy, the leaves plane and spreading, about ? inch long, obovate-spatulate, very obtuse, not even abruptly pointed, 1-nerved, greenish above yet clothed with an extremely fine and closely ap- pressed silky tomentum, beneath silvery-white with a more dense indument of the same kind: cauline leaves oblong, acutish, spreading or ascending: heads large, 3 or 4, sessile or short-pedicellate: bracts of the involucre in about 4 series; their scarious tips ovate-lanceolate or narrower, acute or acutish, faintly tinged with pink, the herbaceous portion of the bract ending in a rather conspicuous brownish spot. In open places among the more elevated pine woods on Long’s Peak, Colorado, at about 10,000 ft., Theo. Holm, 8 Aug. 1899. Species allied to A. aprica of the lower moun- tains, but essentially different by its thin plane rosulate ob- tuse leaves, and their peculiar fine glistening indument; and the involucres with their brown-spotted bracts are also quite unlike those of any form of A. aprica which has yet appeared. A. NARDINA. Cespitose, the slender stems of the male plant (female not known) about 6 or 8 inches high, tinged with red-brown under the sparse indumerit: stolons wiry but very slender, 2 or 3 inches long and sparsely or more densely leafy, the leaves all narrowly oblanceolate, of firm texture, almost pungently mucronate at the acute apex, both faces canescently tomentose, the indument fine and ap- pressed but not lustrous: cauline leaves thin, narrow and erect; heads ten or more, very distinctly pedicellate and forming an almost exact corymb: tips of the involucral bracts obovate, obtuse, large and spreading, of very fine texture and a milky whiteness, though with a dark-purple spot at base: dilated tips of the pappus-bristles entire or crenulate rather than serrulate. An exceedingly graceful and beautiful species, at least as to the male plant, found by Mr. Theo. Holm on dry ground NEW SPECIES OF ANTENNARIA. 83 under spruce trees at about 11,000 feet on Mt. Massive near Leadville, Colorado, 22 Aug., 1899. His specimens were found in only a single patch, and are all staminate. The specific name has no connection with the grass genus Nardus; but the foliage of this Antennaria is suggestive of that of lavender, of which one of the early names was Nardus. A. PROPINQUA. Near A. arnoglossa but more slender and only half as large, the stolons relatively more elongated and more copiously beset with black gland-tipped hairs, the bracts of the flowering branch often rather strongly ciliate with them: mature leaves 1} to 2 inches long, with almost elliptic blade and short petiole, mucronately acute, bright green and nearly veinless above, white-tomentose and ob- viously triple-nerved beneath: flowering branches (in the male, which alone is known) 3 to 6 inches high, bearing 4 or 5 involucres, the terminal one sessile, the rest short- pedicellate: braets biserial, with large clear-white oblong- obovate obtuse tips: bristles of the pappus only slightly dilated and sharply serrulate at tip. Collected only by the writer, on an open hillside at Har- per’s Ferry, W. Va., 14 May, 1898; only one large patch seen, and that male. Though obviously a near relative of A. Parlinii and arnoglossa, its small size, very differently shaped foliage and peculiarly narrowed and serrulated male pappus-bristles, compel one to regard it as wholly distinct. I hope that the female plant may be detected at no distant time. There is no A. arnoglossa in the Harper's Ferry region. A. ALSINOIDES. Near A. neodioica, much like it in size, rather more slender, but the heads on shorter pedicels and thus more congested ; stolons much more elongated, some- what flexuous, equably leafy throughout, seldom rosulate at apex: leaves much more clearly differentiated into blade 84 PITTONIA. and petiole, the blade ovate, acute, mucronate, abruptly narrowed to a slender petiole of more than its own length, the whole leaf an inch long or somewhat less, green and scantily silky-lanate above, white beneath with a silky to- mentum ; heads 6 to 10, subcorymbose ; bracts oblong-linear, the herbaceous portion green, much longer than the scarious tips, these often very short or obsolete, but ordinarily from semi-oblong and obtuse in the outer, to lanceolate and acutish in the inner. My specimens of this elegant species are all from the Dis- trict of Columbia and adjacent Maryland, and of my own collecting in the autumn of 1897 and spring of 1898. I had believed them to represent, as a geographical variety, A. neodioica ; but the first careful inspection made of the ma- terials has disclosed characters which seem to demand the recognition of a species. The habitat of the plant is low and rather moist open pine groves. In such stations I have seen and collected it at Marshall Hall and at Magruder, in Maryland, and between University Station and Terra Cotta, D.C. It is frequent, though not plentiful, in its localities, and never forms extensive patches. No other Antennaria has been found associated with it, nor have any male plants been seen. The fully mature stolons, with their depressed mode of growth and scattered ovate-petiolate leaves, are re- markably—for an Antennaria—suggestive of Alsine media. A. MEDIA, Greene, Pitt. iii. 286. Stolons short, leafy, rigid and subligneous, forming a rather dense mat, their leaves 3 to $ inch long, spatulate-lanceolate, acutish, white on both faces with a permanent wooll y tomentum: flowering branches erect, slender, 2 to 6 inches high, lanate throughout, leafy to above midway with linear acute leaves, the upper portion naked and pedunculiform: heads 4 to 7; in a dense glom- erate cluster, or one or more of them distinetly pedicellate and thus standing apart from the rest: bracts of involucre with dark greenish-brown tips in outline from broadly ob- NEW SPECIES OF ANTENNARIA. 85 long and obtusish to linear-oblong and acute or acuminate : pappus of male flowers very little dilated. One of our beginners in botanical authorship has lately published the complaint that, of my A. media no description has been given. The complaint is not, I must confess, wholly groundless; although in giving the essential char- acters of the species as compared with those of H. wnbrinella on the one hand, and of A. alpina on the other, I fully satis- fied the actual requirements of publication, at least as regards the public of experienced phytographers. Nevertheless, I acknowledge it had been better to have given a diagnostic character for the species; and that is now done. What I hold for the more typical A. media is the plant of the Sierra Nevada of middle California; such as Mr. Sonne has repeatedly collected and distributed from localities not far from Donner Lake. I judge it to occur all along the crest of that range of mountains, northward to Mt. Hood, whence Mr. Howell has distributed it. The British American specimens formerly cited by me are less typical, and might be distinguished as a variety. The following is nearly allied to A. media, yet must be held specifically distinct. A. BonEALIs. Habit and foliage of A. media, but stolons less firm, their leaves less densely woolly-tomentose: flower- ing stems less slender, somewhat taller, leafy up to the in- florescence: heads 4 to 7, more generally pedicellate, thus . forming a more corymbose cluster: bracts of involucre with more amply developed scarious tips of a light reddish-brown, the outer broadly but somewhat cuneately obovate, obtuse, the inner oblong-obovate, acutish, all more or less lacerate- serrulate, in maturity somewhat squarrose-spreading : male plant not known. Disenchantment Bay, Alaska, 10 Aug. 1892, Fred. Fun- ston; his n. 101 (of my set). 1E. Nelson, in Bull. Torr. Club, xxiv. 210. 86 PITTONIA. West AMERICAN ASPERIFOLLE.—IV, As the result of a prolonged and careful study of our North American species of Merrensta, I am convinced that nothing properly referable to M. Sibirica is known, at least to me, as inhabiting our continent. And as for M. panicu- lata, that seems to be subarctic, nothing quite answering to it having been found within the United States. Most of the specimens in our herbaria bearing one or the other of those names may be referred to published species, some of which were proposed long ago and then suppressed. Such are the following: M. cILIATA, Don., originally described as Pulmonaria cili- ata, Torr. Ann. Lye. ii. 224. Common in the Rocky Moun- tains; excellently defined by Torrey ; its most salient char- acteristic being the short calyx, with oval or oblong obtuse ciliate lobes. M. pratensis, Heller, Bull. Torr. Club, xxvi. 550. Al- though Mr. Heller compares this with M. Fendleri, with which he says it grows, all its real affinities are with M, ciliata, from which I had separated it, in the arrangement of sheets in my herbarium, on account of its narrow and acute calyx-lobes. But I should not yet have proposed for it specific rank. M. Franciscana, Heller, l. e. 549. This plant was col- lected by myself ten years since, on the slopes of Mt. San Francisco. I had noted its peculiarly narrow-tubular corolla besides a few other feeble characteristics, but had not thought it specifically distinct from M. ciliata. M. sTOMATECHIOIDES, Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. ii. 147, fig. 43. In the Sierra Nevada and Cascades this takes the WEST AMERICAN ASPERIFOLIA. 87 place of M. ciliata; has a longer calyx, though the lobes are as obtuse as in M. ciliata, but they are not ciliate. No such hairs as Dr. Kellogg attributes to the species have been found by me, or are likely to be discovered. I apprehend Dr. Kellogg’s error to have been that of taking a stellate hair fortuitously attached to the Mertensia from some other plant for one properly belonging to this; or else, and rather more probably, certain somewhat pustuliform though flat- tened and low protuberances abundant on the leaf-surface, were what he saw, and approximately reproduced in his figure. The two species next succeeding, apparently hitherto un- described, are of this same group of rather large moist-land species. M. POLYPHYLLA. Stems about 14 to 18 inches high, aris- ing singly from the branches of a rootstock, apparently without radical leaves, but very leafy from near the base to the summit, the whole herbage glabrous and very glaucous: leaves oblong-lanceolate, mostly about 3 inches long includ- ing the short petiole, abruptly acute at both ends, spreading or scarcely ascending, neither face callous-punctate, the margins obscurely callous-denticulate: flowers mostly sub- corymbose at the very summit of the stem: calyx short, the ovate-oblong or oval lobes callous-ciliolate: corolla about 3 inch long, bright-blue, the rather ample campanulate limb somewhat longer than the subcylindric tube: obtusely and irregularly rugose nutlets well exserted from the calyx. In clumps of dwarf willows, at 12,000 ft., near Pagosa Peak, southern Colorado, 8 Aug., 1899, C. F. Baker. Related to M. ciliata, Don., so common in other parts of the Rocky Mountain region, but it is of very different habit, and has a callous-punctate leaf-surface and distinctly ciliate leaf-mar- gins. Our plant is particularly remarkable for the sim- . plieity and the copious leafiness of its stem, the leaves being all alike, only that the uppermost are subsessile while the rest are petiolate. 88 PITTONIA. M. puncrata. Root not known: stems almost as leafy as in the last, evidently a yard high more or less, the herb- age devoid of bloom and deep-green: leaves elliptic-lan- ceolate, 4 or 5 inches long, very acute, subsessile, roughish on both faces with muriculate points, the margin ciliolate with short and rather fine incurved hairs : inflorescence nar- rowly panicled: pedicels white-puncticulate: lobes of the short calyx triangular-ovate, obtuse or acutish, ciliolate: deep-blue corolla about 1 inch long, the ample limb slightly longer than the tube: nutlets rather sharply rugose. Moist ground at 10,000 ft., near Pagosa Peak, Colorado, 15 Aug., 1899, C. F. Baker. By its calyx this also would be placed near M. ciliata, while by its lack of bloom, as well as by the character of its foliage, it is far enough removed from it; for that has a leaf-surface marked by broad low orbicular callosities, extremely unlike the small raised and sharp-conical punctuation of the present plant. M. pitosa, Don., first published as Pulmonaria pilosa, Cham. in Linnea, iv. 449, heads a subgroup of these large lowland plants, belonging exclusively to the Pacific coast, and distinguished by their more than ordinary hairiness. This one is from the high North, beyond Bering Strait. I have not identified it in any of our herbaria; but its long corollas, 14 inches long, with tube pilose-pubescent within for half its length, are its essential characters. The other members of this small assemblage are alike in possessing a very short and broad corolla. M.srRIGOSA. Plant manifestly tall, but lower part of stem and the basal foliage not seen: cauline leaves ovate-acumi- nate, subsessile, 2 or 3 inches long, finely strigulose-rough- ened above, more loosely and coarsely strigose beneath : pedicels and calyx canescently somewhat villous, segments of the latter lanceolate, rather short, not ciliate but both faces clothed with the rather dense strigose-villous or pilose hairi- WEST AMERICAN ASPERIFOLIZ. 89 ness: corolla little more than 1 inch long, decidedly broad, the tube shorter than the limb. Known only from along the Tananah river, Alaska, where it was obtained by Mr. Octavius S. Bates in 1881. The stream so named is, I believe, one of the tributaries of the Yukon. M. PLATYPHYLLA, Heller, Bull. Torr. Club, xxvi, 548, is certainly of this group; and all three here associated are plants having a far closer likeness to the genus Pulmonaria than other and more typical Mertensia species exhibit. M. suBCORDATA. Stems two feet high, slender and slightly flexuous, leafy up to the loosely panicled inflorescence; basal leaves not seen, those of the stem ample, very thin, ovate, very acute, rounded or subcordate at base, all distinctly petiolate, the petioles sparsely hirsute-ciliate, this pubes- . cence extending to the whole lower face of the leaf, the upper surface sparsely muricate-scabrous: flowers few, in loose panicled terminal cymes, their slender pedicels and also the oblong-lanceolate divisions of the calyx strigose-pubescent: corolla about 8 lines long, the cylindric tube rather wide, shorter than narrow-campanulate limb. Species known only as collected by Mr. Howell, in the Umpqua Valley at Roseburg, Oregon, 3 May, 1887, and very distinct by many characters; the texture, outline, pubes- cence and remarkable petioles of the leaves all being pecu- liar; and the herbage seems to be not at all glaucous. The three following species, proposed as new, belong to the group of more strict and simple-stemmed small upland comparatively xerophilous plants. M. rusiFORMIS. Stem erect, six inches to a foot high, usually solitary (occasionally two or three together) from a large oblong or fusiform root, simple and leafy to the sum- mit: lowest leaves spatulate-oblong, long-petioled, the others 90 PITTONIA. linear-oblong and sessile, all obtuse, glabrous beneath, rather strongly strigose-pubescent above: flowers in numerous short-peduncled cymes axillary to all the upper leaves, or sometimes more exclusively subterminal: calyx parted to the base, its lanceolate segments marginally almost crinite- hirsute, the pedicels and back of the calyx strigulose: corolla about 4 lines long, light-blue, the tube surpassing the calyx, but not longer than the rather ample campanulate limb. A subalpine apparently dry-land species, obtained on Bob ` Creek, Colorado, at about 10,500 feet, by Baker, Earle and Tracy, 28 June, 1898, being n. 206 of their collection and distributed by mistake for M. oblongifolia. Also in Mr. Baker’s collection of 1899, from Graham’s Park, Rio de los Pinos, at 7,800 ft., said to be frequent in fields, and openings in pine woods; this plant smaller, and the leaves more strongly pubescent above. M. BRACHYLOBA. Tufted stems a foot high or more, gla- brous, glaucous, leafy throughout but the lower leaves much reduced and narrowly oblong, those of the middle portion oblong, the upper ovate-oblong, all sessile, somewhat cus- pidately or mucronately acute, glabrous or slightly papillose- scabrous: flowers in a short leafy panicle, the peduncles apparently erect: calyx turbinate, its broad setulose-ciliate lobes only half the length of the tube, most of them broadly ovate and acutish: corolla barely a half-inch long, light- blue, the cylindric tube rather shorter than the broadly funnelform limb. Foothills of the mountains of northern Colorado, near Fort Collins, 24 May, 1896, C. F. Baker, and not otherwise known to me; but the species is uncommonly well marked. It was distributed by Mr. Baker for a form of M. lanceolata, to which species it is not especially related. M. BAKERI. Stems low, less than a foot high, tufted on a branching caudex from a branching root, simple and leafy WEST AMERICAN ASPERIFOLI®. 91 up to the rather dense and short terminal paniculate cyme ; herbage pale with a somewhat villous-tomentose pubescence ; lowest leaves oblong-spatulate, petiolate, the upper oblong- lanceolate, sessile: calyx parted almost to the base, the seg- ments linear-lanceolate, obtusish, densely somewhat villous- ciliate, and also externally, together with the short tube and the pedicels, strigose-pubescent: corolla dark-blue, about 8 lines long, the tube twice the length of the calyx, its limb notably subcampanulate. Summit of Mt. Hayden, southern Colorado, at about 13,000 feet, 14 July, 1898, Messrs. Baker, Earle and Tracy, n 576. Bearing considerable likeness to M. Fendleri as to size, foliage, inflorescence, ete., but very remote from that species, as the calyx fully demonstrates. LrrHOSPERMUM ALBICANS. Near L. angustifolium, but stems only 2 or 3 from the root, very erect from the base, commonly more than a foot high at first flowering, slender and simple up to the shortly racemose summit; base of stem, as well as pedicels and calyx, white with a fine and dense strigose pubescence, other parts silvery-hoary with a less fine and dense indument of like character: leaves linear, ascending or suberect, the margins scarcely revolute, beset with closely appressed setose hairs: corollas even at earliest flowering less than an inch long, salverform, deep- yellow, the rounded lobes crenulate: fruiting pedicels as- cending: nutlets ovate, neither rugose nor pitted, but very smooth, white and shining. Collected at Arboles, southern Colorado, by Mr. C. F. Baker, June 10 and 25, the specimens of the first date being in early flower, the others bearing fruit, and also the later and smaller corollas. Perhaps some New Mexican and Texan specimens which have been labelled L. angustifolium may belong here; but the species is well marked by its peculiarly strict upright and simple habit, white pubescence, small corollas and very smooth nutlets. a 92 PITTONIA. LrrHOSPERMUM CILIOLATUM. Also allied to L. angustifo- lium, the stems, often 6 or 8 from the root, stoutish, ascend- ing, barely 6 inehes high at first flowering, equably leafy throughout and rather roughly strigose-pubescent: leaves oblong-linear somewhat spreading, the margins not in the least revolute, finely setulose-ciliate : early corollas large as in L. angustifolium, but the tube not as long (only 1 inch), of a rather light-yellow, the large rounded lobes erose: fruit not known. Collected near Los Pinos, southern Colorado, 18 May, 1899, by C. F. Baker. The rough character of the pubescence, which on the stem is not appressed but spreading and hispidulous, and the plane foliage marginally ciliolate, are points which distinguish this plant from L. angustifolium clearly enough. LrrHosPERMUM OBLONGUM. Related to the last, and like it in habit, the slender stems mostly very numerous, ascend- ing, only 4 to 6 inches high at early flowering, only sparsely leafy, their pubescence strigose but ascending rather than either appressed or spreading: leaves short, usually less than an inch long and from spatulate-oblong in the lowest to oblong, all obtuse, with revolute margin and a sparse short pubescence of appressed bristly hairs from a conspicu- ously pustulate base: flowers very few in the axils of the leaves at the summit of the stem, this usually simple but sometimes forked: corolla of the largest, 14 inches long, light-yellow, the ample spreading limb with lobes either erose or nearly entire, apparently not crenulate: nutlets acute, white and shining, not at all pitted but slightly turgid and rugose. : Hills about Aztec, northern New Mexico, growing among Nut Pines and Cedars, 26 April, 1899, C. F. Baker. OnEOCARYA BAKERI. Perennial, the stout tufted and more or less decumbent stems about 6 inches high, sparingly WEST AMERICAN ASPERIFOLLXE. 93 branching, leafy and floriferous almost throughout: leaves broadly oblanceolate and elliptic-lanceolate, petiolate, stri- gose-hispid and with a more dense fine closely appressed pubescence; the’ branches and calyx more hispid with spreading bristly hairs: racemes few, solitary or geminate, crowded, bracteate, the narrow-lanceolate bracts surpassing the fruiting calyxes: sepals lance-ovate, broad and short for this genus, not greatly surpassing the nutlets, these erect, ovate, sharply and somewhat sinuately rugose on the back, this cireumscribed by a narrow margin, the ventral face pitted. Collected on the Mancos River sage plains in southern Colorado, by Messrs. Baker, Earle and Tracy, 8 July, 1898, and distributed under n. 827. Species notable on account of its broad short calyx and strongly bracted inflorescence ; and the nutlets are much more roughened than in other members of the genus. OREOCARYA LUTESCENS. Stems 6 to 10 inches high, erect and simple, one from each of the many branches of the decumbent and partly subterranean caudex; the whole herb- age densely silvery-strigulose, the inflorescence with also a yellowish hirsute pubescence: lowest leaves narrowly ob- lanceolate, those scattered on the flowering stem more oblong-lanceolate: flowers in a short dense subcapitate thyrsus: calyx-lobes elongated, narrowly linear, all but their tips concealed by the dense yellowish hirsute hairi- ness: corolla 4 inch long, light-yellow, salverform, the tube well exserted from the calyx. Common on hills about Aztec, New Mexico, 25 April, 1899, C. F. Baker. In naming and defining the following species of LAPPULA, several of which are of what may be called the cupulate group, I make no attempt to continue in use Gray's varietal name cupulatum, for that was made to include, as one variety 94 PITTONIA. of L. Redowskii, a number of easily definable species; and there is no determining to what one of the segregate species the name should be applied rather than to another. More- over, the earliest known cupulate species obtained specific rank far anteriorly to the publication of L. Redowskii, var- cupulatum ; I refer to L. TExANA, first published as Echinospermum Texanum by Scheele, Linnea, xxv, 260. Any one who can read Scheele’s characterization of the species must see that it had cupulate nutlets; and Gray cited it as a synonym of his var. cupulatum. The original is said to have been found growing under mesquite bushes near San Antonio, Texas; but I have not yet seen any specimens that answer well the description. L. CORONATA. Annual, erect, only a few inches high, with few ascending branches and a rather broad oblong foliage: nutlets all alike, whitish, the body entirely devoid of tubereulation or murication, very smooth or else merely wrinkled, marked by a distinet but only slightly raised dorsal ridge, and cireumseribed by an elevated rounded and crown-like inflated margin which bears a row of very short prickles glochidiate at the tip. On mesas near Tucson, Arizona, collected 18 April, 1884, by C. G. Pringle. Species very different, both in habit and the character of the nutlets, from all others, The aperture of the crown, through which is seen the low smooth or wrinkled and ridged back of the nutlet, is broadly and roundly ovate. L. HETEROSPERMA. Larger than the last, diffusely branch- ing from the base, or the starved specimens more upright and less branching, but with no tuft or rosula of basal leaves ; all the branches floriferous from the base and loosely so, each flower subtended by a leafy bract, this far surpassing even the mature fruit: nutlets dissimilar, 3 with an elevated coroniform thickened and aculeate border, forming an ovate WEST AMERICAN ASPERIFOLLE. 95 lanceolate aperture, the fourth with about 6 aculez almost distinct, but each dilated and slightly inflated at base, those on the opposite margins closely approximate, leaving ex- posed only the line of sharp murieation which forms a dorsal ridge; the body of all the nutlets muricate ventrally, à. e., outside the disk or crown ; even the crown finely muricu- late below and among the aculeze. The oldest specimens of this in my possession were col- lected by myself at Peach Springs, northern Arizona, 2 July, 1889. They consist of a few dead and dry summer stems divested of foliage, but bearing plenty of mature fruit. Better ones, showing foliage and flowers as well as perfectly formed nutlets, were distributed last year by Messrs. Baker, Earle & Tracy, from near Mancos, in south western Colorado. In these the herbage is subcinereous with a hirsute pubes- cence, the proper leaves linear or oblong.linear; those of the loose spikes oval, corollas pale-blue. L. DEsERTORUM. Habit of the last, the numerous branches equally floriferous from the base, but the inflorescence more crowded, the bracts much smaller, not surpassing the fruits: nutlets not strongly dissimilar, the long aculex dilated below, in one almost disconnected, in three quite connected at base and unitedly somewhat vaulted over the disk of the nutlet, scarcely or not at all inflated; both faces of all the four nutlets strongly muricate, a line of coarser murication forming a ridge up and down the disk or dorsal side. Deserts of central Nevada; described from specimens obtained by the writer, near Holborn, 16 July, 1896; and there is another in my herbarium, contributed by Mrs. Bingham, of California, who picked it up at a railway sta- tion, many years since, somewhere to the eastward of the State of Nevada, probably in Utah or the eastern part of J Wyoming. 96 PITTONIA. L. coLLINA. Stems several from a large and dense rosette of basal leaves, racemosely branched toward the summit ; herbage canescent with a rather soft pubescence: rachis of the spike or raceme rather slender, the bracts small and narrow: nutlets densely white-tuberculate on all sides, and with a marginal series of about 8 stout aculez, these uncon- nected at base in one, in the other three connected and often somewhat inflated below. Species extremely unlike L. desertorum in foliage, pubes- cence, mode of growth, and of different habitat, but charac- ters of fruit less pronounced. I know the plant only as in the U. S. herbarium from Mareus Jones, who obtained it at various stations in Utah in 1894; one being Kingston, at 5,300 feet; another, Pahria Cafion, same altitude. L. Montana. Erect, slender, branching only at summit and the spikes not elongated, the stem from amid a dense basal rosette of short elliptic-lanceolate leaves, the cauline foliage oblanceolate, the whole herbage cinereous with a pubescence mostly appressed: bracts of the short spikes small and inconspicuous: nutlets narrowly ovate, the disk very small for the nutlet, cireumscribed by a distinct though not very prominent cartilaginous entire margin, from along the inner base of which arise 8 or 10 short subterete aculez ; the surface of the nutlet on all sides rather coarsely muricate- tubercular. A very strongly marked species in the character of the nutlets; known to meonly in two specimens communicated to me long since, by the Rev. F. D. Kelsey, and collected by him at Helena, Montana, in 1887. L. FREwoNTEL. — ÉEchinospermum Fremontii, Torr. Pac. R. Rep. xii*, 46 (1860). Lappula cenchroides, A. Nels. Bull. Torr. Club. xxvi. 243 (1899). This species, well defined by Dr. Torrey almost forty years since, is usually a much larger WEST AMERICAN ASPERIFOLLE. 97 plant than any of the foregoing ; and the great length of the main row of prickles is more characteristic, perhaps, than the fact that, outside of this definite row, a series of smaller aculese is commonly developed from what in other species appear as a mere lateral murication or tuberculation. Besides having examined the original specimen from which the description was drawn for Stevens' Report, I have one collected by myself at Laramie, Wyoming, 28 July, 1889; another is from Prof. Nelson from the same region, this representing his entirely synonymous L. cenchroides; and a third sheet of the same, though the specimens are smaller, was given me by Mr. John Macoun, who collected it in the Milk River district of Assiniboia, 7 July, 1895. Since Torrey distinctly credits the species to a locality within the limits of what is now California, whence, however, no specimens have come during all the time that has lapsed since 1860, and all our supplementary material is from the Rocky Mountain region, one is compelled to believe that the collector of Dr. Torrey’s type specimen was in error as to his recollection of where he obtained it. L. OCCIDENTALIS. Echinospermum Redowskii, var. occiden- tale, Wats. Bot. King Exp. 246, in part at least. This is very widely dispersed from toward the Rocky Mountains almost to the Pacific coast; is well marked among the species here defined by its 7 to 11 strongly developed marginal prickles usually of triangular-subulate form, lightly or not at all connected at base, and, I believe always, grooved or chan- neled down the whole inner face; the surface of the nutlet being tuberculate, not muricate. There is no evidence of the occurrence, anywhere in America, of the true L. Redowskit. 98 | PITTONIA. New or Norewortuy SpkciEs.—X XVI. Wiru Pram XI. CHAENACTIS PEDICULARIA. Low subalpine perennial, with many decumbent leafy stems 5 to 8 inches high from a branching rootstock, and no rosulate tufts of basal leaves: stoutish stems and younger foliage canescently tomentulose : leaves rather short, on long flattened petioles, once or twice pinnately parted into rather crowded, divaricate or retrorse segments all obtuse: heads large, nearly an inch high, short- peduneled, solitary at the ends of the few branches: flowers whitish : pappus-pales about 6, shorter than the corolla but not of very unequal length, 4 linear-oblong, 2 narrowly linear and somewhat shorter. Mountains of southern Colorado, at 11,000 ft., above La Plata, Baker, Earle and Tracy, 16 July, 1898, n. 536. A perennial species, of the group hitherto represented only by the two annual species, C. macrantha and C. Xantiana. MACHARANTHERA VARIANS. Biennial or short-lived perennial, the solitary or few stems erect from the base, commonly a yard high, simple and leafy up to the corym- bose or somewhat panicled summit, from nearly glabrous below to glandular-puberulent, the upper portion and the branches glandular-hispidulous or hispid: leaves linear- lanceolate, usually 3 or 4 inches long, sessile, varying from entire to more or less regularly spinulose-toothed, mostly glabrous on both faces but marginally glandular-pubescent or ciliate: heads numerous, large and showy with many purple rays; bracts of the hemispherical or subcampanulate involucre in 4 or 5 series, all with long linear-subulate spreading glandular-viscid. herbaceous tips: oblong-linear achenes nearly glabrous, hardly striate. NEW OR NOTEWORTHY SPECIES. 99 Mountain parks near Pagosa Peak, southern Colorado, at 8,000 feet, 30 Aug., 1899, C. F. Baker; also at Chama, N. Mex., 4 Sept., by the same collector. Related to M. aspera of similar localities in northern Colorado, and intermediate between that and M. Bigelovii. A large and showy species, remarkable for the variability of its foliage, and differences in degree of pubescence. MacHJERANTHERA PARTHENIUM. Annual, stoutish, 2 feet high, narrowly paniculate from near the base; stem and branches canescently tomentulose: leaves pinnately parted into 5 to 7 narrowly cuneiform segments, these again more or less deeply cleft: heads short-peduncled at and near the ends of the short branches; involucres campanulate, 4 or 5 lines high, of several series of narrow bracts all with long linear-acuminate granular-viscid more or less spreading green tips: rays many and narrow: achenes oblong-linear, compressed, strongly striate under an appressed silky pubes- cence. C. G. Pringle, Davidson’s Cañon, Arizona, 10 Sept., 1884, distributed as Aster tanacetifolius, but very different from that. : LEUCELENE ALSINOIDES. Branches of slender caudex naked except at summit, there bearing tufted linear-spatulate acute leaves which are strongly hispid-ciliate with hairs in- flexed or ineurved above the middle, the leaf otherwise scabrous and granular-viscidulous; cauline leaves similar but linear, those of the sterile branchlets acerose and ap- pressed, tipped with long slender white bristles: pedicels of the heads canescent with appressed somewhat silky hairs ; bracts of involuere very acute, sparingly strigulose and scabrellous. Rocky hills and plains at Concho, western Texas, flower- ing in April and May ; distributed by Reverchon. 100 PITTONIA. SOLIDAGO BELLIDIFOLIA. Tufted decumbent stems 2 to 5 inches high, these and the whole herbage glabrous except the sparsely scabrous leaf-margins and a few hairs at the base of the petioles: lowest leaves orbicular, the others suc- cessively round-obovate and spatulate-obovate, all coarsely crenate, on broad petioles longer than the blade, the upper- most narrower, cuneate at base and sessile: heads few, large capitate-clustered at summit of stem; bracts of involucre oblong-lanceolate, obtusish, in about 3 series, the margins of the inner scabrous-serrulate at tip. Collected by T. J. Howell, on Mt. Adams, Washington, 8 Aug., 1882, and distributed for S. pumilus var. alpina. PoLEMONIUM LUTEUM. Perennial, a foot high, more or less, the stems arising singly from slender almost horizontal rootstocks, simple, or toward the summit sparingly branched: herbage glabrous, only the calyx and pedicels showing scat- tered short and slender tortuous hairs: leaflets oblong-lan- ceolate, scarcely acute, 1 to 1 inch long, rather crowded, in 10 or 12 pairs: flowers mostly solitary or in pairs in the axils of the upper leaves, nodding on short pedicels: calyx nearly $ inch long, campanulate, cleft to the middle, the lobes triangular-ovate, acute: corolla yellow, campanulately spreading from a short tube, the whole more than 1} inches long and nearly as broad, the broadly obovate lobes either very obtuse, or very abruptly short-pointed. This is Mr. Pringle's n. 6930, from the Sierra de Pachuca, Hidalgo, Mexico, 1898, distributed under the name of P. grandiflorum, which is a villous-pubescent plant with long and not widely expanding blue or purple corollas. GERARDIA LANCIFOLIA. Annual, slender, 2 feet high more or less, and sparingly branched from the middle or from toward the base; herbaceous angles of the stem and branches, as also the leaf margins, delicately and sparsely scaberulous, the plant otherwise glabrous: leaves thin and NEW OR NOTEWORTHY SPECIES. 101 plane, mostly 2 to 23 inches long, linear-lanceolate: flowers on filiform spreading pedicels an inch long, this with the flower not equalling the floral leaves: calyx with venulose tube and triangular acute teeth broader at base than long: corolla rose-red, more than a 3 inch broad, with very short broad and open throat, this and the tube together scarcely longer than the lobes, the upper of these one-third shorter than the others, not strictly erect but even somewhat spread- ing like the others, all lightly pubescent and ciliolate: sta- mens distinetly exserted; filameuts very hirsute, anthers lessso. . Collected by the writer, on a sedgy river-bank, near Ridge- ville, Indiana, 24 Aug.,1899. Speciesallied to G. tenuifolia, but very distinet from it in floral character, and quite re- markable among true Gerardias for the length and breadth of its foliage; these giving a leafiness of aspect to the plant as a whole, such as none of its allies exhibit. (Plate XI.) ORTHOCARPUS CUsPIDATUS. Near O. imbricatus, which it resembles in size and habit, but the leaves elongated, cleft to below the middle into 3 narrowly linear lobes, or some entire and linear-attenuate: lowest bracts of the spike lance- olate to ovate, with or without a pair of short subhastate lobes at base, the others purple and chartaceous, oval, entire, obtuse, euspidately mucronate: corolla light-purple, large, much exceeding the bracts and the lip strongly inflated, the galea nearly straight. Ashland Butte, Siskiyou Mountains, southern Oregon, 18 July, 1887, Thomas Howell; the specimens distributed for O. pachystachyus, but differing from that altogether in habit. foliage, inflorescence and floral characters, and equally dis- tinet from O. imbricatus. I believe that O. pachystachyus is not yet known except by the original specimens collected and distributed by myself in 1876, its locality being the plains of Shasta River in northern California. PiTTONIA. PLATE XI. S NS WINS os) \ ‘ X W ; z NS E 4 i x | [ p —— 1 fy N a 7 1 T3 aw» =z 3 yr LA A NS Meer c J i VÀ x NU pn 7 N LC us na net dael. GERARDIA LANCIFOLIA, Greene. Vol. IV. PIITONIA, A SERIES OF BOTANICAL PAPERS WASHINGTON, D. C. ) | JANUARY—MARCH, 1900. CONTENTS "NECKER's GENERA oF FERNS, i sé = FASCICLE or SENECIOS, NECKER'S GENERA OF FERNs—I. Among many interesting and some quite surprising prop- ositions made by Professor Underwood in his recent Review of the Genera of Ferns, the most surprising of all to me is the statement that none of Necker’s fern-genera “are based on types, and no earlier references are cited." Having long regarded Necker as amoug the most original and discerning of eighteenth-century botanists, I have studied him, at in- tervals during several years, with a steadily growing appre- ciation of his genius; and, having acquired some sort of mastery of his rather peculiar terminology—such as no one can gain but with some time and patience—I have not usually found it at all difficult to identify his genera. In. a word, my experience with his pbanerogamie genera has shown me that his generie types are indicated quite as plainly as there is any need of indicating them. I should uever have supposed that any botanist could say that Necker's genera are not based on types; and E can only account for Professor Underwood's pon two hypotheses. One is, that he has not seen Necker's work at all. The other is that, having aecess to the work, he could not take the necessary time and pains to learn to read it. In running over the fern-genera of this author, the first name we come upon that is indieated asa name for a pro. posed new genus is Achomanes. Conversant with his methods in name-making, I feel perfectly confident, without stopping either to read the generic diagnosis, or to note his positive statement of where in Linnsus the type-species are to be found, that the genus is taken out of Trichomanes. I recall, for example, that out of Linneus’ Senecio Necker took a genus Anecio; out of Verbena a genus Abena; out of Ver- Prrronta, Vol. IV. Pages 103-110. 2 Jan., 1900. 104 PITTONIA. besina a genus Abesina ; out of Lycopodium an Acopodium, and many more such. But, as I have intimated, we are not left to merely infer that the type of Achomanes lies some- where in the Trichomanes of Linnzeus; for, having so well described the genus that a good pteridologist might, | believe, make out the type species withouta word of biblio- graphic reference, he yet proceeds to say that the type is a certain species of Trichomanes according to Linnseus ; and, when he adds to this the further hint that it is among the simple-fronded species, it is told us as plainly as need be that the type of Achomanes is Trichomanes membranaceum, Linn. I grant that quedam isa more or less unhappy type-in- dication, in that it may be singular, indicating a monotype, or it may be plural, indicating a genus of several species ; but that is here of no importance. According to Professor Underwood’s understanding, as well as my own, about generic types, the type-species is the first species enumerated in the group. Linneus has a group of simple-fronded Trichomanes made up of three species ; but T. membranaceum heads the list, and so, even if Necker's quaedam be given the plural rendering, that species is still the one type-species of Achomanes. Moreover, as compared with the other two species of Linneus’ group with simple fronds, this one is preéminently simple, for the fronds of the other two are pinnatifid; they are only technically simple. The only Linnean Trichomanes which is obviously simple-fronded, and which no one could at first aem mistake for a fern with pinnate frond is this one. It will be discovered by any one who will make the investigation herein outlined, that this ACHOMANES MEM- BRANACEUM (Trichomanes membranaceum, Linn.; Lecanium membranaceum, Presl.) is with Linneus, at least in the Species Plantarum, the type-species of Trichomanes. But this fact is of no importance here. What I am controverting is only the statement—a most unfortunate one, surely—that all NECKER'S GENERA OF FERNS. 105 Necker's fern-genera are nonentities, not represented by types, nor to be recognized with certainty.! There is another of our author's fern-genera more eaaily recognizable, if possible, than Achomanes, and that is CErmosrs. It is taken, Necker is careful to tell us, out of the simple- fronded Pteris species of Linneus. The Linnean group placed under the caption “Frondibus simplicissimis” is made up of the four species, P. lanceolata, lineata, tricuspidata and furcata. Now, out of Necker’s indicative note ''Frondes simplices. Qued. Pterid. Linn.” alone, we can make nothing more definite than that some one or more of these constitute his (tosis. But we have not yet read his generic diagnosis, or even that part of it which according to the terminology of Linnzeus was called the character essentialis, and which with Necker is termed the character peculiaris. Now this particular and decisive mark of his Gnosis Necker says is, that the lines of the fructifi- cation are parallel on the frond as a whole. In this light the perfect identification of this genus should be as easy as the distinguishing of two parallel lines from two converg- ing ones. In order that any frond may have its marginal fruiting lines parallel, it must not only be a simple frond but a linear oue. P. furcata can not be a member of tosis because its fruit-lines converge in pairs, each pair forming two sides of a triangle. P. tricuspidata is equally excluded by the fact that, while along the linear and entire middle of the frond they are parallel, they take the very extreme of a zigzag course across the cleft frondal apex. P. lanceolata has a lanceolate frond, whose marginal fruit lines never do, and by the most obvious certainties of mathematies never ean run parallel, so long as the frond retains a lance-shaped outline. Only one of the four remains, and that is P. lineata. Its fronds are all invariably simple and linear; its fruit- lines are absolutely parallel; and there is no fact in all the ! See Mem. Torr. Club, vi. 259. 106 PITTONIA. genus-making of the centuries more certain than that with Necker Œrosıs was a monotype equivalent to Pteris lineata, Linn., and the Vittaria lineata of later botanists. But Necker's name antedates Viltaria by three vears. Among the older and more unquestioned species of this genus, the following may be enumerated: Œ. LINEATA. Phyllitis lineata, Petiver, Fil. 196. t. 14. f. 3 (1712). Pteris lineata, Linn. sp. Pl. ii. 1073 (1753). Vittaria lineata, Swz. Syn. 109 (1806). Œ. FILIFORMIS. Vittaria filiformis, Swz. l. c. (E. ZOSTERÆFOLIA. Vittaria zosteræfolia, Willd. sp. v. 406 (1810). Œ. rsoETIFOLIA. Vittaria isoëtifolia, Swz. 1. c. Œ. ELONGATA. Vittaria elongata, Swz. l. c. Œ. kNsrFORMIS. Vittaria ensiformis, Swz. l. c. There was, I think, no eighteenth-century botanist, unless it may have been Adanson, who equalled Necker in respect to the number of well-defined new genera which he based on old species as types. His whole wòrk, in the Elementa, was that of undoing Linneus’ artificial groups, miscalled genera, and indicating natural ones in their stead. I recall no instance in which he proposed a new genus based on a new species. Let us observe after what manner hedismembersthe rather large Linnæan genus Asplenium. His segregates of it are two only; and the first he names Onopteris, giving, over and above the generic character, the statement that the Lin- næan Asplenia with compound fronds represent it; and if one must demand of him, unreasonably, that he name a type-species, has he not done so in the very fact of his NECKER'S GENERA OF FERNS. 107 having adopted one of the Linnzan species names (A. Onopteris), as the genus-name ? It is the most natural and rational of inferences, that when a species-name is raised to the rank of a genus-name, the genus including that species, said species is the type of the genus. But curiously enough, Necker's Onopteris is doubly anchored to A. Onopteris as its type; for that name isa synonym of Asplenium Adiantum nigrum, Linn., and under this its prior appellation, it heads that Linnsean group of compound-fronded speeies which Necker cites as the equiva- lent of his proposed new genus. If, as a critic of fern- genera, I had even wished to avoid knowing what Onopteris is, or what its type-species is, I do not see how it could have been done but by wilfully ignoring all the indications whieh Necker gives. And as fór the Asplenium of Necker, it is made to in- clude Scolopendrium and its near allies, and has the true Scolopendrium for its type. That is clearly enough indi- cated by the author's writing the French name of the Harts Tongue, Scolopendre, as the vernacular (French) synonym of his Asplenium. But what is more, the description is that of Scolopendrium and not of any Asplenium of later authors. And in this our author was simply standing by the doctrine of many early and learned botanists, as well as some of the ablest contemporaries of Linnzus, that the Asplenium of the ancients was the Harts Tongue. Even Liunzeus, it may be observed, places it in the first of his four groups or subgenera Asplenium. So that the Asplenium of Necker can be disposed of intelligently and accurately in no other way but as a synonym of Scolopendrium, 4. e., Phyllitis. 108 PITTONIA. A FASCICLE or SENECIOs. S.scALARIS. Stemsapparently single from the perennial root, rather slender, 1 to 2 feet high and erect; the growing leaves and also the bracts of the inflorescence showing some flocculent tomentum, but the plant otherwise glabrous: leaves of the basal tuft oval in outline, i to 2 inch long, dentate or subpinnatifid, slightly succulent, very erect on stout petioles an inch long; cauline leaves longer, of linear or narrow-lanceolate outline, sessile and pinnatifid, very erect, almost appressed to the stem: heads 4 to 10, short- pedicellate and forming a densely subcorymbose cluster : bracts of the broad and short involucre about 12, broadly lanceolate, acute, glabrous and of a vivid green: rays con- spicuous, orange-color. Collected in the Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Mexico, at 7,500 feet altitude, 13 July, 1899, by Mr. Townsend; com- municated by Prof. E. O. Wooton. A member of the same group with S. aureus, but distinctly unlike any of the many Rocky Mountain allies of that species. My specimens are imperfect as to the subterranean parts, and the individual stem with its tuft of basal leaves may possibly be one of a connected bunch from a branching crown or caudex, but I see no indication of such mode of growth. S. FLAVULUS. About a foot high, erect and slender, from a short and nearly upright rootstock, leafy toward the base, glabrous or nearly so except the margins of the petioles, which are densely arachnoid-tomentose: leaves small, varia- ble, the lowest very small, suborbicular, crenate, those next succeeding ovate or cordate-ovate, acute, evenly but more incisely cut, these in turn passing to more elongated sub- sessile or sessile ones, which are bicrenate or somewhat pinnatifid, those next the eymose umbel sessile and bract- like: heads 2 to 6 or 7, on slender unequal pedicels, sub- A FASCICLE OF SENECIOS. 109 campanulate, little more than } inch high: rays numer- ous but short, all the flowers light-yellow. A member of the difficult group of which S. aureus is typieal, but well enough marked by its small size, prevail- ingly cordate-ovate acute small leaves, and short broad heads of light yellow flowers. Such densely white-lanate margins to the petioles are not seen in other allied species. The plant was collected by Mr. Carl F. Baker, at Arboles, southern Colorado, 15 June, 1899; the habitat is said to be damp shady places along streams. S. DIMORPHOPHYLLUS. Stems a foot high more or less, from short erect rootstocks; herbage wholly glabrous, light- green and apparently in some degree succulent: basal leaves mostly about an inch long, ovaland nearly or quite entire, on flat somewhat winged petioles of about the same length, these commonly much dilated at the insertion, or some spatulate throughout, with no distinction of blade and petiole; cauline few, scattered, triangular, sessile and clasp- ing, from coarsely crenate to deeply sinuate-toothed : heads few, mostly 3 to 5, rather closely corymbose; involucres subeampanulate, only 3 or 4 lines high, rays numerous and much longer, golden-yellow. In spruce woods toward the limit of trees, at 10,500 feet in the mountains of southern Colorado about Pagosa Peak, collected 6 Aug., 1899, by C. F. Baker. A member of the S. aureus group, and a similar but smaller plant of northern Colorado, with rays saffron-colored, forms a part of the S. aureus var. croceus, Gray. The contrast is very marked be- tween thesmall always rounded and obtuse basal leaves, and the broad triangular pointed ones of the stem. S. VALERIANELLA. Plant glabrous and the herbage thin and delicate, the rootstocks slender and densely tufted, bearing numerous and crowded slender-petioled erect leaves, the blade not half the length of the petiole and about ? incli 110 PITTONIA. in diameter, from round-obovoid to almost orbieular, lightly but rather evenly crenate: flowering stems slender, decum- bent at base, 4 to 6 inches high, commonly monocephalous, rarely with 2 heads; cauline bracts very variable, a few ob- lanceolate, some subulate-lanceolate, others somewhat ly- rate: involuere subcampanulate, 3 or 4 lines high and of nearly the same breadth, of numerous broad thin bracts and one or more rather broad and herbaceous bractlets at base: rays 10 or more, broad and short, golden-yellow. This is Mr. J. B. Leiberg's n. 1376 as seen in the U.S. Herbarium, collected in 1895 in the Cœur d'Alene Moun- tains, Idaho. The sheet is labeled S. petrus; but the plant is extremely unlike that species, and very much resembles in its rootstocks and pale thin foliage what some small valerian might be. S. ovinus. Densely tufted rootstocks stout, the whole plant dwarf, the leaves only 1 inch high inclusive of the petiole, the monocephalous scapiform stem not more than 2 inches: leaves thickish and subsucculent, variable in outline, from suborbicular and distinctly petiolate to sub- spatulate, none more than 4 inch in diameter, all coarsely dentate, the petioles flocculent, at least when young: head subcampanulate, 3 inch high and about as broad exclusive of the 12 to 15 rather long and showy yellow rays: bracts of the involucre lanceolate, but tapering abruptly and some- what acuminately from near the middle. Collected on Sheep Mountain, Alberta, Canada, in J uly of 1895, by Mr. John Macoun, the specimens bearing the num- ber 11,619 of the Canadian Survey Herbarium. S. CANDIDISSIMUS. Allied to S. wernerixfolius, rather larger, the rootstocks subligneous and more enduring, the leaves broader and more conspicuously petiolate, both their faces very white with a thick dense permanent tomentum: leaves oblanceolate, obtuse, mostly entire, some with a few A FASCICLE OF SENECIOS. 111 teeth toward the apex, all with a narrow revolute margin, the broad raised midvein and several of its branches very prominent beneath: scapiform flowering stems white-floc- cose, 3 to 5 inches high, bearing small and few scattered bracts: heads in a subcorymbose cluster, some long-pedi- celled, others subsessile; involucres hoary-tomentose: rays golden-yellow. From the Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Mexico, at 7,500 feet, collected by Mr. Townsend, 24 May, 1899. Though much like its Rocky Mountain homologue named above, as to mode of growth, the foliage is almost exactly that of the shrubby S. Palmeri of Guadalupe Island. It is a beautiful Species, never in’ the least glabrate in maturity, and the leaves of two seasons are evident upon the subligneous and rather elongated caudex. S. Pursatanus, Nutt. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. vii. 412 (1841) S. Laramiensis, A. Nels. Bull. Torr. Club, xxvi, 483 (1899). More than twenty years since, I knew this plant somewhat familiarly, and took it, on faith in authori- ties, for S. canus, as Mr. Nelson did until lately; and so, when what afterwards came to pass, the real S. canus came to my notice, I saw its distinctness from the other and named it S. Howellii. When this error of having made a synonym for the true S. canus came to be recognized as an error, I at- tempted to make out the characters of the Wyoming plant as distinct, and should have created a synonym for that, as Prof. Nelson has now done, had I not discovered it to be the S. Pursh- ianus of Nuttall. Itsrangeisnotso very limited. I have col- lected it myself not only near Laramie, but also in several places about Cheyenne, as well asin northern and even middle Colorado, where it is subalpine or almost alpine. I have a suspicion that in its most reduced high-mountain state it was actually referred by Asa Gray to his S. wernerizfolius, to which species it bears quite as much likeness as to nor- mal and typical S. canus, as Prof. Nelson has observed. Prrronta, Vol. IV. Pages 111-126. 10 Jan., 1900. MS PITTONIA. S. FENDLERI, Gray, Pl. Fendl. 108 (1849). S. Nelsonii, Rydb. Bull. Torr. Club, xxvi. 483 (1899). Prof. Nelson ap- pears to have been the first writer to describe the habital peculiarities of S. Fendleri in its mature condition. That the species is emphatically multicipitous, forming usually a considerable and rather compact mat, as it were, of flower- ing stems and short leafy crowns, has been observed by me, since 1870; and I have seen and known it as such, all the way up from middle New Mexico to southern Wyoming. But this characteristic is one which Dr. Gray never inferred from the herbarium specimens, though many must have passed under his eye from which he might have drawn such inference. But there is another inference which, it seems to me experience should have taught both Mr. Rydberg and Mr. Nelson to make, and that is, that mu:ticipitous peren- nials must, in their early life, appear as simple and single individuals; and with me it is a matter of repeated observa- tion, that S. Fendleri, as well as the rest of the multicipitous species, at its first year of flowering, appears as a much larger plant than usual, more branching and more copiously flow- ering, the leaves more ample and quite undivided, and all from a single, simple leafy erown on a perpendicular root, with no sign or hint, as yet given, of the final, well matured, normal, and therefore typical multicipitous state. It is evi- dent to me, as I read again the original diagnosis of S. Fendleri,that what the author had before him was, the rank juvenile single condition of the species, such as Mr. Nelson certifies to as existing in the Engelmann herbarium and there representing it. Much of the confusion that has been made in Rocky Mountain Senecios has originated in igno- rance of the fact that all these matted species, propagating by seeds only, as all of them do, exhibit nothing of their ultimate multicipitous habit until after the year of their first lowering. Collectors, of course, gather in and distrib- ute specimens of the same species under these different aspects, and the closet botanist does with them what he can. A FASCICLE OF SENECIOS. 113 The young and simple states of this I have found, and so have others, in abundance at the northern limits of the species, often with foliage almost totally unlike what is seen in the old and perfect state; and the old, mature and widely multicipitous state is just as common in New Mexico and southern Colorado; though the plant of the South, in what- soever stage of development, is more than twice as large as that of the cold and dry hills and plains of Wyoming, where all southern species, if they reach that range, are starved and stunted. S. MUTABILIS. Resembling S. Fendleri, but stouter and of more herbaceous texture, the branches of the caudex stout, in no degree subligneous, erect or ascending, the mature plant thus forming a small and dense tuft rather than a broad loose mat: pubescence extremely varied, some plants with foliage glabrous above but more or less tomentose be- neath, some equally and hoarily tomentose as to both faces, but the tomentum always more loose and flocculent and far more apt to be deciduous than in S. Fendleri: leaves as to outline varying from obovate-spatulate to broadly or nar- rowly oblanceolate, the margin from almost or quite entire to tridentate at the apex, evenly serrate-toothed throughout, or sinuately or pectinately or even somewhat lyrately pin- natifid; even the reduced cauline ones from oblanceolate and entire to linear and pectinate-pinnatifid: heads usually rather fewer and larger than in S. Fendleri, the involucres glabrous: oblong 4-nerved rays more deeply tridentate, varying from light-yellow to nearly orange-color. In dry lowlands about Arboles and Los Pinos, southern Colorado, collected in May and June, 1899, by C. F. Baker. A species difficult to diagnose, on account of the extreme variability of its foliage and the degree of pubescence; but as a whole indubitably distinct from S. Fendleri by its fleshiness and compact habit. It is, indeed, quite analogous to the S. compactus of the plains of northern Colorado, and perhaps allied to it as closely as to S. Fendleri. 114 PITTONIA. S.coGNaTUs. Stems 10 to 16 inches high, commonly al- most naked and scapiform and bearing a corymb of 3 to 6 or 7 heads of larger than middle size: herbage green and almost glabrous, varying to almost canescently tomentu- lose: leaves in the basal tuft erect, slender-petioled, from Obovate with cuneate base, to attenuate-spatulate, mostly serrate or serrate-toothed, some crenate, a few even subpin- natifid, 1 to 13 inches long, on slender petioles often twice as long; reduced cauline ones when present oblanceolate and mostly pinnate-toothed: heads about j inch high, on elongated and minutely subulate-bracted pedicels, these and the base of the involucre tomentulose: rays linear- oblong, deep-yellow or orange, 4-nerved : achenes with scat- tered almost papilliform hairs on the angles. In dry lowlands at Piedra, southern Colorado, 11 July, 1899, C. F. Baker. Species as it were intermediate between S. Balsamitz aud S. mutabilis ; very distinct from the last by its nearly naked stem and large heads. The stems also seem to have been solitary, or nearly so, from stout ascending or partly almost horizontal rootstocks. Thesmaller plants are monocephalous. The rays vary in intensity of coloring. S. CROCATUS, Rydb. Bull. Torr. Club, xxiv. 299. If I were revising the genus Senecio, or the North American species of it, I do not see how I could avoid rejecting this as a nomen nudum. All that could save it, by any possibility, would be the line and a half of description, which I infer to nave been drawn from the Flodman specimen from Montana which Mr. Rydberg cites. The pretended synonym “8S. aureus, var. croceus, Gray " avails nothing whatever. No ade- quate description of such a variety was ever given. Dr. Gray applied the name, after his usual way, to a considerable ag- gregate of things belonging to what Mr. Rydberg himself would regard as very distinct species. They were desig- nated merely as having saffron-colored or copper-colored flowers. In some it was conceded that the rays only were A FASCICLE OF SENECIOS. 115 saffron-colored ; in others all the corollas, both of disk and ray, were thus colored, while in some there were no rays present, and the disk was red. In view of the fact that S. aureus, as Gray in 1863 regarded it, was an aggregate of some dozen or two of species, as Mr. Rydberg and I under- stand them, what reason or sense can there be in one's pre- tending—as Mr. Rydberg most certainly does pretend—to make Dr. Gray's S. aureus, var. croceus, the equivalent of some one particular species? If Gray had indicated some one particular form of his numerous red-rayed ones as the type of his variety, and had then given it something of a description, the case would have been very different. But let us assumethat Hall & Harbour's n. 332 may possibly stand as ty pifying true S. aureus croceus. What then? Well; first of all, the mentioning of a type specimen which has never been described does not constitute publication. A name printed with only that kind of a clew to the form is but a nomen nudum. Secondly; Gray in the place cited admits that just this n. 332 of said distribution, including Parry's earlier n. 408, is made up of a diversity of things, all at agreementin that some orall the corollas, though confessedly varying much in shade, are of some color more red than yellow. Thirdly; the only sheet of Hall & Harbour's n. 332 existing in Washington, though containing five or six speci- mens in excellent condition, exhibits not one with rays of a deeper color than light-orange. Yet, the same thing, specifically, which Hall & Harbour's n. 332 1n the U.S. Herbarium represents, has been seen by me 2gain and again with corollas as dark as what Gray calls * copper-colored ; " and I know it well, from certain localities, with rays not only pure yellow but even ratherlight yellow. All through the Rocky Mountains, and westward to the Sierra Nevada, Occur a very considerable number of allies of S. aureus, in every one of which the corollas vary from yellow to deep- orange or saffron-color. What, then, is S. crocatus, Rydb.? It waits fora description by which a botanist can identify 116 PITTONIA. it, and in default of that, it remains as far as publication is concerned, little if at all better than a name only. S. Wanpr. Dwarf and compactly tufted, barely 3 inches high, herbage glabrous, slightly succulent: basal leaves erect, obovate-lanceolate, entire or crenate, } to $ inch long, on petioles twice as long: bracts or reduced leaves of the scapiform stems triangular-lanceolate, sessile by a very broad base, the margin more or less deeply crenate: heads small, numerous, short-pedicelled, forming a rather dense and nearly hemispherical cluster; reduced bractlets of the pedicels lanate on the margin (the only pubescence): in- volucral bracts 10 or 12, broadly and somewhat elliptically lanceolate: rays few and broad, 3 or 4-nerved. Collected somewhere in Utah, in the year 1875, by L. F. Ward; the specimen deposited in the U. 8. Herbarium and labelled “S. aureus, var. alpinus, Gray,” which means S. pe- treus, Klatt; but the plant is no near ally of that species. It may or may not be alpine. S.pETROCALLIS. S. petrophilus, Greene, Pitt. iii.171. This is a second attempt on my part to assign to the Rocky Mountain S. petrzus, Klatt, a tenable name. Even & pe- trophilus had been used by Klatt, apparently in the early nineties, for another species. S.MILLEFLORUS. Nearest S. atratus, similarly tufted, more than twice as large, the leafy and very copiously floriferous stems a yard high more or less: whole plant hoary with a loose but persistent tomentum : leaves of sterile basal shoots commonly a foot long including the short petiole, lanceolate and oblong-lanceolate, mucronately acute, rather remotely dentate, the teeth callous-pointed; cauline leaves half as large, lanceolate, sessile, more deeplv dentate: heads ex- cessively numerous in a very large compound and some- what fastigiate cyme; involucres narrow, cylindrieal, about A FASCICLE OF SENECIOS. 117 12-flowered, bracts about 8, linear, with acute blackish tips, otherwise green: rays 3 or 4: achenes small, glabrous. Stony dry river betls about Pagosa Springs, Colorado, 27 July, 1899, C. F. Baker. A fine large species, remarkable for the great number of small cylindric heads; the species intermediate, in a way, between S. atratus of the middle Rocky Mountains and S. umbraculifer of Chihuahua, north- ern Mexico. S.IMBRICATUS. Allied to the last, but stems perhaps soli- tary, 2 to 5 inches high, bearing few and somewhat ample leaves and a terminal corymb of few heads: lowest leaves lanceolate, acute, mucronately dentate or denticulate, taper- ing to a short usually somewhat winged petiole; cauline not much reduced in size and similar in outline, dentation, etc., but broad at base and amplexicaul, both faces of all, as well as the stem, hoary-tomentulose: involucres rather broad and short, with broad lanceolate conspicuously black- tipped bracts and several unequal but uncommonly large equally black-tipped calyculate bractlets at base: aye 8 or 10, elongated, light-yellow. Collected at the Reindeer Station, Port Clarence, Akn 9 Sept., 1894, by Mr. James T. White, the specimens de- posited in the U.S. Herbarium. Species remarkable for the large size of the calyculate bractlets, these giving the invo- lucre as a whole the appearance of being somewhat imbri- cate. S. scoPULINUs. S. Bigelovii, var. Hallii, Gray, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1863, p.67. S. Bigelovii var. monocephalus, Rothr. Wheeler Rep. 178. This plant, common in the mountains of middle and southern Colorado, is thoroughly distinct from S: Bigelovii by its peculiar pubescence of many- jointed and crisped hairs. True S. Bigelovii is still unknown except from southern New Mexico, and is of very different aspect, with thin and not at all succulent deep-green herb- 118 PITTONIA. age, usually no trace of any pubescence, but this consisting of short stiff straight hairs whenever present. This, the real S. Bigelovii, was distributed by Mr. Wooton, from the White Mountains of New Mexico, as S. Rusbyi, an error for which I am solely responsible. The species is nearer to S. Rusbyi than it is to S. scopulinus, which latter I have until recently assumed to be typical S. Bigelovit. S. CHLORANTHUS. Allied to the preceding and to S. Bige- lovii, taller than either, commonly a yard high or more, leafy throughout, deep-green and glabrous, or occasionally with a scanty indument of many-jointed deflexed hairs on the peduncles and about the insertion of the upper leaves: lowest leaves narrow-lanceolate tapering to a winged petiole which is at base dilated and almost sheathing the stem, the whole 6 to 10 inches long; the middle cauline spatulate- lanceolate and, like the broad-based ovate-lanceolate upper- most, sessile; all very acute or acuminate, evenly and sharply denticulate: large and long-peduncled. nodding heads often as many as ten and forming a strict raceme, sometimes one or two only: involucres and greenish flowers much as in S. Rusbyi or S. Bigelovii. Mountains of southern Colorado, near Pagosa Peak, at 9,500 feet, 15 Aug., 1899, collected by C. F. Baker. I should have referred this, though with doubt, to S. Rusby?, had I not detected the characteristic pubescence in some of the specimens. ©. Rusbyi, quite different from this in inflores- cence, the raceme being long, strict and almost naked, has also traces of a pubescence, but the hairs are so short and stiff as to be scaberulous. S. PUDICUS. S. cernuus, Gray, not of Linn. f., is another member of this group of Rocky Mountain species with nodding heads; but the name at first assigned by Dr. Gray, being a fiction yu, is to be avoided. i A FASCICLE OF SENECIOS. 119 S. AMPLECTENS, Gray, Sillim. Journ., ser. 2, xxxiii., 240 ; but in part only of Syn. Fl. 384. At least four species are confused with this in the Synoptical Flora; but one con- versant with Rocky Mountain. botany will find no difficulty in determining which one of these is the original S. am- plectens ; for at the time when this was published Dr. Gray knew none of the others, hence his diagnosis is clear. The associations of the plant have not, I believe, hitherto been mentioned. It occurs only in open woods, or along their borders, well below timber-line, while all those here sep- arated froin it are alpine, even almost high-alpine, occurring only far above the limit of trees. S. amplectens is always tall; its large long-rayed heads are very abruptly-nodding, their involueres almost black with a dark pubescence, of which no trace is ever found on any of its allies; the ex- cessively long rays are 5-nerved. As to the subterranean parts, its rootstock is quite horizontal, superficially seated, and from this the stem arises very decumbently. S. TARAXACOIDES. S. amplectens var. taraxacoides, Gray, Proc. Philad. Acad. 1868, p. 67, but in small part only. Dwarf, the very leafy and usually monocephalous stem only 2 or 3 inches high, very erect from an erect rather stout and fleshy rootstock, this short-jointed and bearing copious white rather soft and fleshy elongated roots: whole herbage, the involucre excepted, permanently arachnoid-tomentulose: leaves 1} to 2 inches long, variously simulating those of a Taraxacum in outline and dentation, though the mostly tri- angular teeth are seldom runcinate, the whole leaf margin commonly revolute: head only horizontally nodding: in- volucre dark-green, glabrous except a few white arachnoid hairs: rays 4 inch long, light-yellow, 4-nerved. r. Gray’s var. taraxacoides was based on two very differ- ent plants, the other being wholly glabrous, and much more nearly related to S. Soldanella than to S. amplectens. I choose the present one as type of my species taraxacoides for the 120 PITTONIA. reason that it is much more suggestive of Taraxacum than is the other; but it is by no means as common as the next. I never met with it in my own explorations, and so have never seen it growing, though the other I am familiar with in the field. The specimens of S. taraxacoides examined by me recently are the following: Hall & Harbour's n. 317, as represented in the U. S. Herbarium (contains one specimen of this, and two of the one next to be described ): Pike’s Peak, at 13,500 ft., Chas. S. Sheldon, 1884, also from the same locality, by Canby, in 1895: Carl F. Baker, Cameron's Pass, in northern Colorado, at 11,500 ft, in 1896 ; Theo. Holm, at 13,000 ft. on James’ Peak, 1899. S. Horum. S. amplectens, var. tarazacoides, Gray, l. c. in part. Commonly 6 inches high, the stoutish stems mostly several from a branching rootstock, leafy at base only, the peduneuliform stem with only 1 or 2 reduced leaves; stem and petioles of a vivid red-purple at and near the base, the whole thickish and somewhat fleshy herbage appearing glabrous, a lens revealinga very sparse and minute hirtellous hairiness at base of involucre, on the peduncles and occa- sionally the leaf-margins: leaves from obovate to obovate- and oblong-lanceolate, callous-dentate or denticulate, 14 to 3 or + inches long, on petioles nearly as long: heads I to 4 or 5, large and nodding: rays # inch long or more, 5 to 7-nerved. This, as I have intimated above, is very distinct from my S. taraxacoides, though forming perhaps the greater part of Gray's variety of that name, and is much nearer S. Soldanel la, from which its larger size, long showy rays, and very dis- similar foliage, abundantly distinguish it. Itis known only from Colorado and Wyoming. Mr. Patterson’s 81, from Gray's Peak, in 1885, well represents it. Itake pleasure in dedicating it to Mr. Holm, who has lately collected it, while NIMM: in a prolonged field study of the Colorado alpine ra. A FASCICLE OF SENECIOS. 121 S. SERIDOPHYLLUS. Near S. amplectens, similarly thin- leaved, but never in any degree floccose, glabrous through- oui except a minute and sparse pubescence of hirtellous hairs at base of involucre and along the margins of the leaves, or even this wanting and the plant wholly glabrous: stems slender, 5 to 10 inches high, leafy, bearing at sum- mit 1 to 3 slender-peduncled large slightly nodding heads: leaves oblong-lanceolate, 3 to 5 inches long including the short petiole, variously toothed or denticulate, sometimes coarsely laciniate-toothed, occasionally almost entire: heads about $ inch high: rays light-yellow, 4 inch long, 3 to 5- nerved. This is one of Dr. Gray's later additions to that aggregate of his which was named S. amplectens, var. tarazacoides; thou gh it is really less unlike the original S. amplectens, and far enough removed from that. It is Mr. Watson's n. 679, from the Clover Mountains, Nevada, at least as represented in the U. S. Herbarium, where also I find it in specimens collected by Mr. Jones at Marysvale, Utah, at 11,700 feet, it being his numbers 5929 and 5958. The above description, however, is drawn from my own collecting in 1896, on the Ruby Mountains, Nevada; and these specimens exhibit more dis- tinetly than others a characteristic short hard rootstock, with an investiture of chaffy leaf-bases which persist from the foliage of other years. Those of S. soldanella, taraz- acoides, Holmii and the rest are always elongated, fleshy and naked. This more westerly plant is strictly alpine, though with the thin foliage of the subalpine S. amplectens. S. LAeTUCINUS, Near the last, but the tufted stems usually a foot high or more and leafy throughout, the basal leaves smaller and on greatly elongated petioles; branches of the rhizome or caudex ascending, hard in texture and more or less fibrous-coated by remains of the petioles of a former season, the fibrous roots few, much more wiry: herbage glabrous: radical leaves from obovate to elliptic-oval, very 122 ; PITTONIA. closely, deeply and sharply toothed or sometimes almost laciniate; cauline elliptic-lanceolate, 2 or 3 inches long including the short winged petiole, the margin as in the others: heads, usually 3 or 4, large, nodding on erect and elongated peduncles : rays to 1 inch long, deep-yellow, 7 to 9-nerved. On stony alpine slopes at 12,000 feet in the mountains of Colorado near Pagosa Peak, C. F. Baker, 9 Aug., 1899. It in a measure unites the subterranean characteristics and tall leafy stem of S. amplectens and the thick foliage of S. Holmi, though in point of leaf-outline and indentation, and peculiarities of the flower, it has enough characters that are all its own. S. OCCIDENTALIS. S. Fremontii, var. occidentalis, Gray, Bot. Calif. Surv. i. 118. Describing this as a variety the author named characters enough to have warranted its being placed in specifie rank; but in addition to those given at the place cited, I have to say that the achenes, puberulent in S. Fremontii,are in this plant of the Sierra Nevada perfectly glabrous, and also longer and narrower than in S. Fremontii. It is quite possible that other Pacific coast plants besides S. occidentalis are to be segregated from S. Fremontii as hitherto accepted; and the following from the Rocky Mountain region are easily distinguishable from it. S. CARTHAMOIDES. Stems tufted on a persistent yet scarcely more than herbaceous caudex or rootstock, decum- bent and nearly leafless below, or the lower leaves at least much smailer and more sparse, the whole plant seldom a foot high, very leafy above the middle: leaves variously obovate and obovate-oblong, commonly 2 inches long or more, sessile by a broad somewhat hastate and clasping base, the margin coarsely and doubly dentate, the teeth callous-tipped: heads } inch high, erect, subcampanulate, A FASCICLE OF SENECIOS. 123 either very short-peduncled or subsessile and scarcely ex- ceeding the subtending foliage, solitary or 2 or 3 at the end of the main stem, certain lateral and widely divergent branches, equalling the main axis and very leafy, usually sterile: rays short, not as long as the diameter of the head: achenes short, canescent with a minute strigulose pubes- cence. Alpine on the mountains of southern Colorado; collected by me in 1896, on Little Ouray Mountain, at Marshall Pass, and now, in 1899, obtained in quantity by Mr. C. F. Baker, near Pagosa Peak, at 12,000 feet altitude. A decidedly suc- culent plant, exhibiting an excess of large carthamus-like foliage, and very few heads. The achenes in S. Fremontii, if I rightly identify this as the plant of northern Colorado and adjacent Wyoming, are distinctly angular, and puberu- lent between the angles; but in S. carthamoides the angles, if present at all, are hidden by the dense uninterrupted in- dument of short appressed but stiffish hairs. S. BLiTOIDES. Allied to the preceding, quite as tall, the numerous stems from a firmer and more woody rootstock, all the branches floriferous and the heads on rather long and slender peduncles borne well above the leaves: leaves an inch long or more, from spatulate-oblong to obovate-ob- long, sessile and half-clasping, coarsely dentate: heads on bracted pedicels of 2 or 3 inches long, rather more than } inch high, the diameter less, the rather numerous rays well elongated, somewhat over } inch, deep-yellow: achenes narrow, slightly contracted at apex, very glabrous and striate. ; Collected at 12,000 feet on Mt. Elbert, middle Colorado, 28 Aug., 1899, by Mr. Theo. Holm; the species interme- diate, as it were, between true S. Fremontii and S.carthamoides, yet with perfectly glabrous achenes. It may exist among other collections from Colorado, but I have not hitherto met with it except in this recent collection by Mr. Holm, who 124 PITTONIA. bas also brought, though from another locality, what seems to be genuine S. Fremontii, a much smaller plant than this, and with achenes puberulent between the angles. S. INVENUSTUS. Stems much branched and apparently depressed, only 4 to 6 inches high, clustered on a thick hard and distinetly subligneous rootstock, very leafy from the base up, and more than usually angular by decurrent lines from the leaf-bases: leaves ? to 14 inches long, spatulate- oblong, doubly and somewhat laciniately toothed, the teeth not callous-tipped, and the whole margin thinly scaberulous under a lens, the upper surface showing a few scattered hairs: heads 2 to 5, very short-peduncled at the ends of the main branches, the lateral branches short, densely leafy, flowerless: involueres narrow and subcylindrie, nearly à inch high: rays few, about as long as the diameter of the head: achenes striate, glabrous. Known to me only from 12,000 feet on the mountains about Pagosa Peak, Colorado, whereit was obtained by C. F. Baker, 23 Aug.,1899. | New Species OF COLEOSANTHUS. C. HuMILIS. Stems solitary or several together arising from a horizontal woody caudex or rootstock, mostly 6 or 8 inches high, some monocephalous, others with 3 to 5 corymbose heads: leaves from. ovate-lanceolate to linear- lanceolate, about 2 inch long, entire or rarely with 2 or more serrate teeth, distinctly 3-nerved beneath, both faces green and glandular-scabrous, the stem white, similarly scabrous: involucres about } inch high, short-peduncled ; bracts about 4-nerved, all acute, the inner linear: achenes dark-brown, hispidulous along the ribs. Sandy hills, growing with Pinus edulis, at Arboles, south- ern Colorado, collected 21 June, 1899, by C. F. Baker, the NEW SERIES OF COLEOSANTHUS. 125 specimens barely in flower at that date; only a few heads exhibiting well formed though immature achenes. The species is allied to C. oblongifolius and linifolius, but differs from both in its greener and less viscidulous foliage, and especially by its underground growth, most of the stems appearing to rise singly from the horizontal and mostly subterranean woody part. Nor are the leaves at all feather- veined as in its near relatives. C. ABBREVIATUS. Brickellia oblongifolia, var. abbreviata, Gray, Bot. King Exp. 137. This is an alpine undershrub, extremely different from C. oblongifolius in habit, the tufted stems being very slender and depressed, even almost pros- trate; the leaves are much thinner, broader, and commonly saliently toothed ; also the outer bracts of the involucre ex- hibit broad green herbaceous tips, such as are not found at all in others of this group. These points of difference, along with the peculiarity of the achenes mentioned by Gray, seem to constitute every warrant for placing this in the rank of a species. It was seen and collected at the original station near the summits of the West Humboldt Mountains, by myself, in the summer of 1894. C. veRBENAcEUs. Shrubby, the flowering branches 2 feet long: leaves coriaceous, 2 inches long, oblong-cuneiform, en- tire below the middle, with a few pairs of coarse serratures toward the acute apex, dark-green and shining above, though with some scattered pubescence, the lower face 3-nerved and reticulate as well as hoary with a loose subtomentose hairi- ness: heads one in each axil of the uppermost leaves, $ inch bigh, on pedicels of their own length, involucre narrowly turbinate, its bracts very evenly imbricated, elliptic-lanceo- late, with acuminate and very sharply pointed apex, all about 5-nerved: achenes villous. : I have this plant, and have seen it in other herbaria, under the name of “ Brickellia oliganthes,” from which it 126 PITTONIA. is easily distinct. It is Parry & Palmer's number 355, from San Luis Potosi, Mexico, 1878, as far as specimens under that number are known to me. C. pENSUS. Stems several from a thick knotted woody crown or root, 1 to 2 feet high, leafy and floriferous almost from the base: leaves mostly alternate, broadly lanceolate, 1} inches long, subsessile, lightly serrate or crenate, sub- coriaceous, rugose-reticulate, canescent with a rather coarse and rough tomentum: heads subcylindric, i inch high or more, nearly sessile by twos and threes in the axils of the leaves; bracts of the involucre few, the short outer ones oblong-lanceolate, the inner oblong-linear, all acute, 5- nerved : achenes villous. On rocks in the vicinity of Chihuahua, Mexico, C. G. Pringle, n. 635; distributed under the manuscript name Brickellia oliganthes, var. crebra. C. POLYANTHEMUS. Apparently tall, stout and shrubby, the mere flowering panicle 2 feet long and more than 1 foot broad: lower leaves not seen, those at base of panicle ovate and oblong-ovate, 1 to 2 inches long, subcoriaceous, rather remotely serrate-toothed, scabrous-pubescent and rugose- veiny: branches of the panicle virgate-racemose, the turbi- nate involucres 4 inch high or more, on pedicels as long or longer, about 20 or 25-flowered, braets many, much imbri- cated, from obloug-oval to oblong-linear, all obtuse but cus- pidately mucronate, evenly about 7-nerved : achenes very villous. Rio Blanco, State of Jalisco, Mexico, Edw. Palmer, 1886, number 59. A DECADE or New PoMACEX. AMELANCHIER CRENATA. Stems low,clustered and bushy, the branches very stout, rigid and divaricate, the bark ash- gray: leaves subcoriaceous even at flowering time, nearly orbicular, 4 to $ inch in diameter, evenly but rather lightly and coarsely crenate all around the margin except the basal portion, both faces when young pale with a light to- mentum, neither face notably veiny : flowers 3 to 5, in short: subcorymbose short-peduncled clusters; the peduncles and pedicels as well as the calyx villous or villous-tomentose : segments of the calyx-teeth triangular, about equalling the tube: petals narrowly obovate-spatulate, creamy-white, but red externally before expansion: filaments very short, slightly subulate-dilated. On rocky declivities near Aztec, New Mexico, 23 April, 1899, C. F. Baker; the species altogether peculiar in the crenate character of its leaf-indentation. AMELANCHIER POLYCARPA. Small branching tree, the branches not stout, though numerous and short, with red bark and no trace of pubescence: leaves small, the largest barely an inch long, round-obovate, deep-green above, paler beneath, remarkably veiny on both sides and wholly gla- brous, deeply and rather sharply serrate from below the middle, the base entire, often subcordate; petioles rather slender but mostly shorter than the blade: flowering twigs very short but numerous, the racemes few-flowered : calyx, and even the summit of the ovary within it, perfectly glabrous: fruit depressed-globose, crowned by a short calyx- limb and its triangular-lanceolate segments. Collected at Piedra, southern Colorado, 10 July, 1899, by C. F. Baker, who records that it grows on low level lands Prrronta, Vol. IV. Pages 127-158. 2 March, 1900. 128 : PITTONIA. andibears a great abundance of fruit, as the specimens well show. Intheapparently total lack of pubescence the species recalls A glabra of the subalpine Sierra Nevada, though the two are not very intimately allied. AMELANCHIER RUBESCENS. Arborescent and 10 or 15 feet high, or bushy and only 4 to 6 feet; rather intricately branched and the branches very stout, short and divaricate, the bark after the first season of a dark ashy gray: leaves small, seldom an inch long, ovate, acute, serrate-toothed almost throughout, only the rounded base entire, canes- cently tomentulose on both faces, the short petiole and also the growing branchlets and inflorescence more densely and villously pubescent: racemes few-flowered and subcorym- bose: calyx with lanceolate erect teeth rather longer than the tube, the whole exterior as well as the inner face of the lobes hoary-tomentulose: petals small, about 4 inch long, reddish externally in the bud, as is also the calyx. In arroyos and among the hills about Aztec, New Mexico, 24 April, 1899, C. F. Baker. IfI mistake not I have seen the same from somewhere in northern Arizona. The species is remarkable for its small leaves and their prevailingly ovate outline. The fruit is not known. AMELANCHIER BAKERI. Shrubor small tree, the stems tufted, and with short stout rigid divaricate branches of the last, but the more reddish bark puberulent even to the second and third years’ growth: leaves very short-petioled, orbicular, 8 to 10 lines long and of the same breadth, sub- cordate and entire at base, above the middle and across the broadly rounded or almost truncate apex coarsely and evenly serrate, both faces sparsely tomentulose; stipules villous, and growing twigs both somewhat villous as well as tomentose: racemes subsessile, short and dense, small- flowered: calyx villous-tomentose, the triangular-lanceolate segments as long as the tube and closely reflexed : petals white, about 3 or 4 lines long: fruit not seen. A DECADE OF NEW POMACEX. 129 Collected at Los Pinos, southern Colorado, 16 May, 1899, by C. F. Baker. Much like the northern A. alnifolia as to leaf-outline, but totally unlike it by its short, stiff, spreading branches, puberulent branchlets, and small leaves and flowers. A. GonMANI. I assign this name, in commemoration of Mr. M. W. Gorman's abundant and fruitful researches in Alaska, to the Alaskan shrub, or small tree which has passed under the name of A. alnifolia. It is distinguished from that species by a more slender habit, larger and relatively longer oval, or oblong-obovate slender-petioled leaves, its long loose perfectly glabrous racemes, and a very character- istic calyx. This organ is externally quite glabrous and distinctly glaucous; its limb is notably dilated under the insertion of the petals into a broad saucer-shaped rim; and the lanceolate segments, either erect or somewhat spreading, are longer than all the rest of the calyx, and are tomentu- lose within. The fruit in this species makes an approach to the pyriform in outline and is glaucous. My best specimens of this very beautiful species were ob- tained by Mr. Gorman, at Yes Bay, Alaska, in 1895, the flowers having been gathered on the 16th of June, the fruits on the 6th of September. Sorpus DUMOSA. Shrub with clustered but slender and very erect stems 5 to 8 feet high ; bark red, white-dotted and glabrous, except on the growing shoots, in these rather densely puberulent or pubescent with short white hairs: leaves small, only 3 to 6 inches long and the leaflets in mostly 5 pairs, the rachis villous-pubescent, but leaflets quite glabrous on both faces, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, ł to 1} inches long, evenly and lightly serrate from below the middle, the serratures rather appressed, indistinctly gland- tipped, the apex of the leaf abruptly attenuate to a long slender point: winter buds canescently villous : cymes small, narrow, low-pyramidal rather than flat-topped: pedicels and calyx puberulent. 130 PITTONIA. A somewhat local, but very distinct species, known to me only from Mt. San Francisco, northern Arizona, where I col- lected it in flower, 10 July, 1889. It exists in the U. S- Herbarium from the same locality as eollected by Edw. Palmer in 1869, and by Mr. MeDougal,7 July, 1899. From the date of its flowering in that low latitude it will correctly be inferred to be subalpine. Its nearest affinity is the next species, and both are related to S. Americana rather than to the Pacific coast Sorbus species. SORBUS scoputina. Shrub 8 to 12 feet high, not slender; the growing branchlets very sparsely villous or hirsutulous: leaves 5 to 7 inches long, the rachis glabrous, or somewhat pilose at the joints; leaflets in 6 or 7 pairs, glabrous on both sides, about 14 inches long, oblong-lanceolate, very acute, ‘deeply and often doubly serrate from base to apex, the ser- ratures rather salient, not at all glandular or callous at tip: scales of the winter buds villous on the margin, otherwise glabrous: ample cyme more flat-topped; pedicels and base of calyx sparingly villous under a lens. Mountains of northern New Mexico (Heller’s n. 3711 from Santa Fé Cafion, 8,000 ft., June, 1897), Colorado (C. F. Baker, at 9,000 ft., near Pagosa Peak, 10 Aug., 1899; also the same from Four-mile Hill, Routt Co., 8,500 ft., 1896), and Utah (L. F. Ward, east of Gunnison, 9,000 ft., 1875; and Marcus Jones, at Provo, 8,000 ft., 3 July, 1894). This has been referred, usually, to S. sambucifolia, which is a native of Kamtschatka; but it has as often been included in S. Americana, to which it is more nearly related, indeed ; but many characters distinguish it from the typical form of that species. I know not how much of the more northerly or northwesterly S. sambucifolia, i. e, of Montana and Idaho, may be included in S. scopulina. My types are the specimens of C. F. Baker and Mr. Heller. SORBUS SUBVESTITA. Bark of mature branches dark-red- brown, scarcely dotted, of growing ones canescently tomen- tulose : leaves 4 to 6 inches long, the leaflets in about 8 pairs, A DECADE OF NEW POMACEÆ. 131 oblong, acutish, simply serrate from above or below the middle, the base entire, notably inequilateral,the lowest pair very small, of one-fourth or one-fifth the size of the others,the largest 13 inches long, glabrous above, tomentulose beneath, as also the rachis: winter buds densely tomentose: cyme short-peduncled, ample. This species, exceedingly well marked by its peculiar leaflets and indument, especially of the winter buds, is known to me only in Sandberg's flowering specimens from * Woods, in St. Louis Co., Minnesota," collected in 1890. SORBUS OCCIDENTALIS, Greene, Fl. Fr. 54, as to the name only. Pyrus occidentalis, Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. xxiii. 263, excluding the Californian specimens and habitat. Mr. Wat- son's diagnosis was drawn mainly from specimens of an alpine shrub of the higher mountains of Oregon and Wash- ington. This, the type of the species, is marked by nu- merous elongated (linear-oblong) dots on the puberulent branchlets; by long-peduncled leaves consisting of four or five pairs of very obtuse leaflets which usually appear to be entire except at and near the apex; and by pyriform coral-red glaucescent fruits. These are the salient characters, as they appear in speci- mens collected by myself on Mt. Rainier in 1889. SonBus Cartrornica. S. occidentalis, Greene, Fl. Fr. 54, as to the character, and Californian habitat. Shrub or small tree many times larger than the last; branchlets glabrous, neither reddened nor notably dotted, the dots when present not elongated: leaves short-petioled ; leaflets sharply and often doubly serrate almost or quite from base to apex, mostly in 5 or 6 pairs: fruits of a more scarlet or crimson red and not glaucescent. Common at middle elevations in the Californian Sierra, far below even the subalpine regions, and not remote from the heated plains of the interior; an excellently distinct species, as compared with true S. occidentalis, with which, however, Mr. Watson confused it. 132 PITTONIA. A FASCICLE or New PAPILIONACEZE. Lupinus ADUNCUS. Low decumbent perennial, the stems seldom exceeding a foot in height inclusive of the single terminal raceme; whole plant silky-canescent: leaflets mostly 7, about 1 ineh long, narrowly oblong-lanceolate, obviously mucronate-cuspidate: raceme subsessile, quite long for the plant, the small flowers in distinct whorls: calyx with a short but prominent and almost hooked spur: corolla about 4 lines long, deep-blue, the subequal petals notably striate-veined, the banner with a white spot in the middle soon changing to reddish-purple; keel shorter than the wings, not faleate but rather stout-pointed and blunt, . naked. A decidedly handsome lupine of dry ravines among the sandy hills at Aztec, New Mexico, collected by C. F. Baker, 2 May, 1899. Lupinus Baxert. Perennial, the tufted stems erect, very stout and somewhat fistulous below, 2 or 3 feet high, pale and ashy or somewhat silvery pubescence, the lower part of the stem villous-hirsutulous with short spreading hairs ; lower nodes of stem apparently leafless and having only large stipular appressed scales: leaflets 7 to 9, about 1 to 12 inches long, elliptic-lanceolate, acute, almost equally pubes- cent on both faces: raceme soli tary, rather short, subsessile, the flowers of middle size and in rather distinct whorls, blue, with the usual spot on the banner at first white, then red or purple: banner notably shorter than the other petals: keel short and nearly cymbiform, completely enfolded by the wings, densely woolly-ciliate throughout. Growing in large dense bunches in oak thickets at Los Pinos, southern Colorado: collected 31 May, 1899, by Mr. Baker. A FASCICLE OF NEW PAPILIONACEJXE. 133 Lupinus rxGRATUS. Related to L. decumbens, less branch- ing, with few and subsessile racemes of very small and crowded flowers; all parts glabrous except a finesilky indu- ment on the calyx and pedicels and the youngest growing parts: leaves short-petioled and crowded; leaflets 9, oblong but cuneately tapering to the base, obtuse, cuspidate- mucronate : flowers evidently verticillate on close inspection, but crowded into a dense uninterrupted narrow spike, the corolla only 3 lines long, white or sordid, with no tinge of blue or purple; petals subequal, but the faleate naked keel with its pointed tip exserted: pods small, quadrate-oblong, silky-villous, 4-seeded. Frequent in low grassy lands at Chama, New Mexico, 2 Sept., 1899, Mr. Baker. A homely species, but with a fair exhibit of specific characters. Lupinus Nxo-Mexicanus. Perennial, the tufted and sub- erect stoutish stems 2 feet high or less, these and the petioles pilose, or sparsely hirsute: leaflets about 7, oblong-lanceo- late, acute, 1 to 14 inches long, apt to be conduplicate, the upper face thus concealed in the dry specimens, but appar- ently glabrous, the margins and lower face rather strongly Somewhat strigose with long but not very rigid straight hairs: well-developed solitary raceme short-peduncled, rather lax, the flowers seldom obviously verticillate; rachis, pedicels and calyx densely villous-hirsutulous but the indu- ment short: corollas nearly 4 inch long, purple, the banner relatively small, little more than half as long as the wings, keel not longer than the wings, of exactly broad-lunate out- line, naked. About Silver City, and in foothills of the Pinos Altos Mountains, southern New Mexico, collected by the writer in 1877 and again in 1880; no other specimens now at hand. It was at that time called L. Sitgreavesit by Mr. Wat- son, but is less related to the type of that species than that is to several older ones that might be named. 134 PITTONIA. “Lupinus HELLERI. Perennial, the rather rigid suberect scarcely branching stems 2 or 3 feet high inclusive of the rather elongated and showy subsessile raceme, the whole herbage silvery-canescent with a very fine appressed-silky indument: leaflets 7 to 9, about 14 inches long, oblanceo- late-linear, acute, apt to be conduplicate, the upper face greener and more sparsely silky-hairy: solitary raceme 6 to 10 inches long exclusive of the short peduncle, in its un- developed state showing an imbricated series of ovate-lan- ceolate acuminate erect and closely appressed bracts ; flowers scarcely whorled; calyx densely silky, very distinctly spurred; petals blue-purple, subequal, about 5 lines long, the banner with a few silky hairs on the middle of the back; keel somewhat falcate, scantily ciliate in the middle and toward the apex with tortuous hairs. This is Mr. Heller’s number 3557 of my set of his New- Mexican plants of 1897, taken from “a cafion one mile southeast of Santa Fé,” and distributed for “L. argenteus," a Purshian species of most uncertain identity, never ade- quately described by that author, nor positively identified by any subsequent writers on our lupines, on which ac- count the name itself ought to be dropped. Mr. Heller's plants differ specifically from the common L. decumbens of Rocky Mountain plains and hills by its eanescent silkiness, unbranching stems, longer raceme of larger flowers, and its spurred calyx. LUPINUS wYRrANTHUs. Size of the last, but the stems freely branching above and the racemes several, very dense and the flowers of the smallest; stem purplish and only sparsely strigulose; petioles slender and the 7 to 9 leaflets narrowly oblanceolate, acutish, perfectly glabrous above, finely and rather densely strigulose beneath: racemes 2 to 9 inches long, subsessile, in bud showing bracts with atten- uate and spreading tips; flowers violet, verticillate but the whorls closely contiguous; pedicels and calyx densely vil- A FASCICLE OF NEW PAPILIONACEJE. 135 lous; corolla less than 3 lines long, the petals equal, the short and broad keel delicately ciliolate. This is another of the allies of L. decumbens, but most dis- tinct by its excessively numerous very small flowers, ap- pearing in fine close racemes at the ends of all the branches. It may possibly include no small part of the so-called L. argenteus of low meadows in Wyoming, Utah and Nevada ; but my type specimens are from the meadows about Gun- nison, Colorado, and were obtained by myself, 1 Sept., 1896. Lupinus ArsoPHiLUs. Tall, branching and small-flow- ered as the last, with still greener and seemingly glabrous herbage, but leaves fewer, very large and ample; leaflets about 8, those of the middle and lower portion often 3 inches long and ? inch broad above the middle, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate, pale and glaucescent beneath, green and glabrous above: racemes 2 to 4 inches long, on slender peduncles somewhat shorter: flowers violet, scattered, less crowded than in the foregoing; calyx with very short tube not gibbous ; petals equal, 3 lines long, the keel short, broad and blunt, the margin naked: pods densely villous. In subalpine thickets near the summits of the mountains above Cimarron, Colorado, 30 Aug., 1896, collected by the writer. Remarkable as combining the largest of lupine leaves with almost the smallest of lupine flowers. LUPINUS onEoPHILUs. Perennial, with tufted slender erect or decumbent stems 1 to 2 feet high, not branching, and with a single short raceme of small flowers; the whole plant almost white with a dense silky tomentum: leaflets 7 to 9, the longest 2 inches long, oblanceolate, obtuse, mu- cronate, the petioles longer than the leaflets: flowers violet, rather distinctly whorled; pedicels and calyx velvety, the latter gibbous or subsaceate at base; petals equal, the ban- ner, and sometimes the wing-petals also, densely villous on the outside along the midvein, keel short but somewhat 136 PITTONIA. faleate, densely woolly-tomentose marginally rather than ciliate. Dry foothills along the Cimarron River, southern Colo- rado, 29 Aug., 1896, collected by the author. LUPINUS AMMOPHILUS. Perennial but not tufted, the stems arising singly from an extensive system of rather deep-seated horizontal rootstocks; the stem and raceme together ? to 2 feet long, but the large raceme mostly longer than the leaf-bearing portion, the whole very stout, some- what fleshy, and the petioles and basal part of stem rather coarsely hirsute with long white spreading or deflexed hairs : leaflets 8 or 10, cuneate-obovate to broadly oblanceo- late, light-green and glabrous above, sparsely hirsute be- neath, 1 to 1} inches long : raceme large and showy ; pedicels and gibbous calyx hirtellous: corolla about 5 lines long, the petals subequal, the banner a trifle shorter than the wings, with a yellow spot in the middle changing to dark-red, the petals otherwise purple; keel falcate, the long beak-like tip thinly woolly-ciliate: ovaries densely tomentose. Sandy bottoms of dry streams at Aztec, New Mexico, 20 April; also at Los Pinos, Colorado, 18 May, 1899, C. F. Baker. A very distinct lupine, bearing no obvious marks of near relationship to any other. TRIFOLIUM NEMORALE. Caulescent but low, the flowering stems only 3 tob inches high, tufted on the branching erown of a stout perpendicular root: lowest leaves on petioles quite equalling the flowering stem ; leaflets mostly 3, in some plants prevailingly 4 or 5, obovate-oblong or broadly ob- long, $ to inch long, very obtuse, sharply serrate-toothed, bright-green and glabrous above, canescently pubescent be- neath, but the indument densest along the margin and between the teeth, the leaflet thus appearing almost woolly- margined: heads seldom more than 2, often 1 only, nearly hemispherical, ? inch broad ; calyx canescently villous, the A FASCICLE OF NEW PAPILIONACEJ. 137 subulate subequal teeth rather longer than the tube: petals apparently purplish red with salmon-colored tips. In open groves of Pinus scopulorum, at Los Pinos, Colo- rado, 17 May, 1899, C. F. Baker. A most interesting and handsome dwarf caulescent clover, whose nearest relatives are in the desert regions of northwestern Nevada and ad- jacent California. Miss Eastwood, who obtained it near Mancos, Colorado, some years ago, mistook it for the rare T. Plummerz and distributed it under that name. TRIFOLIUM ATTENUATUM. Near T. dasyphyllum, rather larger, less densely ceespitose ; herbage greener though with some silky hairiness: leaflets nearly or quite 2 inches long, narrowly linear, acuminate, entire: scapiform peduncles in flower not equalling, in fruit barely a little longer than the leaves: heads hemispherical, few-flowered; bracts at base of outer pedicels somewhat ovate or quadrate, as broad as long, subtruneate, or rarely with an abrupt acumination: calyx-teeth subulate-setaceous, subequal, little longer than the tube: corolla more than 3 inch long, deep red-purple, the elongated and ascending banner well surpassing the other petals and slenderly, almost setaceously, acuminate: pedicels deflexed in age. Aloug alpine ledges at 11,500 feet, among the mountains near Pagosa Peak, southern Colorado, 6 Aug., 1899, C. F. Baker. A beautiful new ally of T. dasyphyllum, which lat- ter has relatively much longer peduncles and smaller leaves, twice as many and smaller flowers in the head, and these never deflexed, even in full maturity. The slenderly pointed leaflets and banner-petal are also very character- istic, suggesting the name of T! attenuatum. T. ANEMOPHILUM. Equally allied to T. dasyphyllum, but dwarf, the whole plant when perfectly developed sometimes no more than 2 inches high: short and crowded foliage and peduncles white with a silvery-silky close indument: bracts subtending the outer pedicels of the head mostly 138 PITTONIA. truncate and tridentate: calyx-teeth equally silky with the foliage, longer than the tube: corolla dark red-purple; banner scarcely exceeding the other petals and quite ob- tuse. Bleak hills of southern Wyoming, about Laramie; dis- tributed by Mr. Buffum in 1893 as Astragalus tridactylicus, and by Mr. Nelson in 1894 as Trifolium dasyphyllum, but thoroughly distinct. It should here be remarked that in T. dasyphyllum the bracts subtending the outer pedicels of the flower-cluster are long, slender, entire and subulate- setaceous; very unlike those of either here described as new. HEDYSARUM MARGINATUM. ‘Tufted stems erect, 2 to 3 feet high, minutely appressed-pubescent, leafy throughout : leaf- lets in 5 to 7 pairs, oblong lanceolate and oblong, obtuse, mucronulate, thin, obviously pinnate-veined beneath and pubescent, the upper face glabrous: racemeslarge and showy, in fruit sometimes a foot long including the elongated pe- duncle: calyx-teeth shorter than the tube, broadly subulate : corolla rose-purple, about ł inch long: loments of from 2 to 4 (usually 3) large obovoid joints, these commonly 4 inch long, in maturity exhibiting a thin scarious wing-like mar- gin, the surface strigulose and very irregularly reticulate. Mountains above Cimarron, southern Colorado, collected by the writer, 30 Aug., 1896; also near Pagosa Springs, Colo., 26 July, 1899, C. F. Baker. THERMOPSIS PINETORUM. Stems at flowering seldom more than a foot high, often less, mostly simple, rather luxuri- antly leafy, the solitary quite sessile spike few-flowered : leaflets of the lowest leaves smaller than their stipules, obovate-oblong, emarginate, those at midway of the stem . ample, obovate-oblong, obtuse, 2 or 23 inches long, on petioles shorter than the inequilaterally cordate-ovate large stipules, all the foliage glabrous above, more or less hairy marginally and beneath: calyx somewhat villous, the triangular subu- NOTES ON VIOLETS. 139 late teeth shorter than the tube: pods ascending or sub- erect, straight, acute, pubescent or strigulose, about 3 inches long, 10 to 12-seeded. Common in pine woods of southern Colorado, at con- siderable elevations; collected by myself, in fruit, below Marshall Pass, 4 Sept., 1896, and by Mr. C. F. Baker, at Los Pinos, in flower, 22 May,1899. Apparently also extending through the mountain districts to southern New Mexico. Notes oN VIOLETS. Wirn Prate XII. I have left too long unpublished the results of some further bibliographical study of two of our common violets ; and now, at least one of the nomenclatural corrections con- sequent upon this piece of research has already gone before the publie at second hand ; appearing, as it does, upon the labels of that distribution of herbarium specimens of violets which is being made from the U. S. Herbarium, and under the immediate direction of Mr. Pollard. "The restoration of the names V. fimbriatula and V. papilionacea seem to be well warranted, as I shall here éndeavor to indicate. V. FIMBRIATULA, Smith, in Rees’ Cycl. 23 Dec., 1817. V. primulzfolia, Pursh, Fl. i. 173 (1814), not Linn. V. ovata, Nutt. Gen. 148 (1818). To Mr. Nutall, equally with Sir J. E. Smith, must be credited the discovery that what Pursh has mistaken for V. primulzfolia, Linn., was a true species and in need of a name; for, while Smith's proposed name for it was published earlier by perhaps a half-year, yet the publi- cation was unknown to Nutall; as is evinced by the fact that he, like Smith, cites the V. primulzjolia of Pursh as a synonym. And the actual priority of V. fimbriatula over V. ovata was never demonstrable until Mr. B. Daydon Jack- 140 PITTONIA. son had given us, in 1895, the precise date of publication of the issue of Rees’ Cyclopedia, which contained this genus. V. PAPILIONACEA, Pursh, Fl. i. 173 (1814). V. cucullata, Le Conte, N. Y. Lyc. ii. 137 (1828), not of Aiton. V. com- munis, Pollard, Bot. Gaz. xxvi. 336 (1898), not of Wittrock. V. obliqua, Schweinitz, Sillim. Journ. v. 60 (1822), and Britt. & Brown, FI. ii. 447 (1897) in part, (of Hill??), also V. ob- liqua, Greene, Pitt. iii. 149. My reasons for regarding this very common and very beautiful violet as V. papilionacea, Pursh, are several. Ofcourse Pursh’s diagnoses of his violets are all too brief, often if not always failing to touch the real essential characters by which the species are distinguishable; and I assume that,in the case of V. papilionacea, the specific adjective itself is about the best part of the diagnosis. This is true of hundreds of species, that the specific name is the best part of the specific character. The species of violet here under discussion has a more papilionaceous-looking corolla than any other violet known to me. The peculiarly long and narrow keel petal is always concave and boat-shaped, quite as Mr. Holm has shown in the drawing here repro- duced (Plate xii), and the side view of the whole corolla is uncommonly like that of a true papilionacea. Moreover, the whole of Pursh’s specific character, so far as it goes, is applicable to this species. It is true that, in his notes he describes the corolla as * blue,” whereas it is in our plant violet-purple. But a glance at Pursh’s pages in respect to the colors of violets reveals the fact that he was always wrong where it was a question of blue or purple; for all the blue-flowered sorts are described by him as with “ pale- blue” petals, while all those that have them violet he de- scribes as having them “ blue.” His statement that the hairs on the petals of his V. papilionacea are yellow was for a time, with me, a weighty objection, though the only objection, against accepting our plant for that species. I ean find, in the field, violets in NOTES ON VIOLETS. 141 plenty which exhibit white hairs set in the background of yellowish-white or greenish-white base of the petal, but no yellow hairs. Until the * yellow hairs" are found, I shall no longer believe that such exist, in any blue or purple violet. . About the best imaginable confirmation of the view that V. communis of Pollard is the V. papilionacea of Pursh exists in my library, in Le Conte’s beautiful water-color of what he knew to be the plant of Pursh. I say, of what he knew to be that, because he was on terms of familiar acquaintance with Pursh, and they two were contemporary specialists in the study of our violets. Théy knew each other's herbaria, and each other's mind in relation to the species of this genus; and although Le Conte at the time of the publishing of his monograph regarded V. papilio- nacea as identical with V. cucullata Ait. yet, at an earlier date, at the time when he made the drawing of V. papi- lionacea he labelled it by that name, as the unpublished plate in my possession shows. Ithink it probable that, at that earlier time he had not decided what was to be consid- ered as the true V. cucullata. Indeed, the unpublished figure which he made of what we now understand to be V. cucullata he left to the last without a name. It will be an interesting bit of information to those study- ing the violets of Maryland and the District of Columbia to know that Le Conte found Pursh's V. papilionacea “abundant on the Island of Analostan, in the Potomac River opposite Georgetown," and that the fine drawing of it Still extant after the lapse of at least eighty years, was doubtless made here in Washington, from specimens grown on that island ; while Pursh's type itself was from no farther away than “ near Philadelphia." V. MissounrENsIs. Acaulescent, 3 to 7 inches high at early and petaliferous flowering, the stoutish rhizomes as- cending and branched, the leaves and flowers quite numer- 142 PITTONIA. ous, the latter from scarcely equalling to somewhat surpass- ing the former; herbage glabrous and both faces of the leaves closely puncticulate: earliest and small foliage mostly rounded, obtuse, subcordate, as broad as long, those devel- oped along with the corollas from subcordate-deltoid to sub- hastate-triangular and even triangularly lanceolate, 14 to 2 inches long, remotely and sometimes obscurely crenate-ser- rate, the petioles often not longer than the blade: sepals ob- long-lanceolate, obtuse, their margins rarely naked, often more or less ciliolate: petals with obovate, obtuse blade, violet or paler and sometimes white, three of them densely bearded with ‘rather long slightly clavate hairs: late and apetalous flowers short-peduncled, horizontal and at least partly subterranean. A very well defined species, known to me only from Mis- souri. Its very distinctly trigonous foliage led me at first to refer it to V. emarginata notwithstanding certain discrepan- cies, especially its larger corollas, somewhat ciliate sepals, etc.; but later specimens show distinctly the depressed or partly buried apetalous flowers. My specimens are from Mr. B. F. Bush, Leeds, 19 April, 1895, Courtney, 10 May, 1898, and 30 April, 1899, and from Kenneth Mackenzie, In- dependence, 24 April, 1898 and Randolph, 23 April, 1899. Some New or Critica, RANUNCULI. R. uncuicutarus. Stems solitary, a foot high more or less, from a dense fascicle of short thick and tapering white and glabrous roots: radical leaves 1 or 2 only, erect, ellip- tical or obovate-elliptic, entire, or remotely and obscurely denticulate, acute, 3-nerved, 2 or 3 inches long, on petioles as long or longer; cauline similar but narrower and short- petioled : flowers 2 to 4 in the smaller plants, twice as many in the larger, each terminating a long naked puberulent peduncle: sepals thin, narrow, some only broadly oblance- XII. VIOLA PAPILIONACEA, Pursh. SOME NEW OR CRITICAL RANUNCULI. 143 olate, others obovate, spreading: petals about 10, with nar- rowly oblong or oblong-linear blade tapering to a distinct claw of a half-line long or more, the pit and scale at its summit; the whole corolla, but usually not the calyx, per- sistent along with the mature fruit: achenes glabrous, nar- rowly and inequilaterally obovoid, little compressed, beaked by the stout and slightly recurved style, not very numerous and forming only depressed globose or even a hemispheri- cal head. Common “ on sites of old snow banks,” at 11,500 feet in the mountains of southern Colorado, C. F. Baker, 28 Aug., 1899. Very large, for an alpine member of the Flammula subgenus of Ranunculus, and remarkable for its long narrow and distinctly unguiculate petals. R.AnRNogLOssus. Fleshy-fibrous roots as in the preceding, but the plants crowded and forming a tuft, the stems seldom exceeding 6 inches in height; elliptic and elliptie- lanceolate leaves entire, somewhat feather-veined and the veinlets anastomosing, the petioles of even the radical shorter thau the blade and dilated below into a broad scarious sheathing base: flowers rather numerous, large for the plant, the petals 5 only, obovate, obtuse, commonly persist- ent, as also are thesepals: achenes many, crowded, forming a dense globose head. Subalpine in the Ruby Mountains, eastern Nevada; col- lected by the writer, 20 July, 1896. The plant is next of kin to R. alismellus of the Californian Sierra, but that, as I learned by observation in the field after having published it, has its own peculiar mode of root propagation, by virtue of which theslender flowering plants and their young and sterile offspring form a complete turf along the fertile margins of streamlets. 'Theleaves are characterized by three pretty distinct parallel nerves; and the whole habit is most unlike that of this species of eastern Nevada, which grows in bunches in otherwise barren clayey soil on mountain sides whence the snows have lately receded in July. * * 144 PITTONIA. R. cARDIOPHYLLUS, Hook., var. PINETORUM. Stems shorter than in the type, seldom 6 inches high, the roots much more strongly and copiously developed; stems and petioles canescently villous; oval leaves commonly subcor- date, sometimes truncate at base, the margins crenate: co- rollas larger than in the type, an inch broad, the round- obovate petals overlapping: head of achenes never more than ovoid, sometimes no more than globose. “Abundant in pine woods, at Graham’s Park, 7,800 feet,” southern Colorado, 12 May, 1899, C. F. Baker. R. EREMOGENES, Greene, var. DEGENER. Much smaller than the type, differing from it in exhibiting several stems from the root, all ascending ; the fascicle of roots itself larger, and the roots coarser: head of achenes and their receptacle shorter and more rounded; the individual lacking the thick marginal development which I find universal in the type, though it was not mentioned in my original diagno- sis. Obtained in southern Colorado, in the summer of 1899, by C. F. Baker, perhaps near Pagosa Springs; but the label has been lost. R. TRIFOLIATUS, Muhl. fide Schlechtendal, Animadv. ii. 30 (1820); R. fascicularis, Schl. l. e. as to plate ii, but not of Muhlenberg. Ithaslongbeenevidentto me that the R. fascicu- remarkably distinct species; and I had the impression that one of them wasin need ofa name. There isa dwarf plant of the North, very early-flowering, which exhibits a large fascicle of almost fusiform fleshy roots; and this appears to be every- where recognized as R. faseicularis, and I think correctly. . It seems to range from Massachusetts to Iowa and northward. Then from the vicinity of New York City westward and southwestward along the Alleghanies we have a somewhat nearly related several times larger plant having a large fascicle of long but merely coarse-fibrous roots, which is also SOME NEW OR CRITICAL RANUNCULI. 145 commonly received as the R. fascicularis, Muhl. And from a young and not quite typical state of this Schlechtendal figured what he supposed to be R. fascicularis. But this plant, with its ample tuft of fibrous roots, its large dimen- ions, and markedly trifoliolate leaves, was made by Muhlen- berg, as Schlechtendal himself attests, a species distinct from R. fascicularis, and was distributed by him under the name of R. trifoliatus. I believe it is more commonly confused with R. hispidus; to which it is, indeed, more nearly allied than to R.fascicularis. I myself, while collecting it last season on the higher mountains of western Maryland, sup- posed it to be some nearly glabrous relative of R. hispidus; not at all apprehending that it could have passed with any one for R. fascicularis. Yet Dr. Britton has distributed it from Staten Island under this name. R. apricus. Dwarf perennial, near R. fascicularis, but even smaller, the fruiting plant often only 2 or 3 inches high ; roots equally thick and fusiform but rather shorter: appressed pubescence not obscure: leaves parted into 5, or more commonly only 8, linear or linear-oblong entire or 3- toothed segments, the terminal one often stalked, the others sessile: head of achenes smaller, and the individual achene smaller and relatively thicker than in R. fascicularis, broadly margined and indistinctly somewhat tricarinate on the back, the beak very slender, almost straight. Near Sapulpa, Indian Territory, 29 April, 1895, B. F. Bush. Said to be common on the prairies. Much like R. fascicularis as to the root, otherwise thoroughly distinct. R. vicrNALIs. Near R. cardiophyllus, but small, slender, the corollas proportionately large: stem solitary, erect, 3 to 5 inches high, from a fascicle of long and rather fleshy white fibrous roots: lowest leaves of orbicular outline but deeply cleft or parted into about 7 approximate lobes, then again 3-cleft, the middle cauline pedately parted into 7 146 PITTONIA. linear or oblong entire lobes, those subtending the peduncles sessile and of only 3 to 5 linear lobes, all the foliage green and with only some scattered and inconspicuous soft white hairs, or the petioles more obviously villous: sepals ovate, obtuse, villous, merely spreading, purplish-brown at summit and the inner ones adorned with a distinct yellow petaloid margin : petals 5, broadly obovate, very obtuse, 4 or 5 lines long: fruit not known. At Fort Selkirk on the Yukon River, in dry gravelly soil, 9 June, 1899, M. W. Gorman. A distinct and very elegant species of the group to which R. pedatifidus and R. cardi- ophyllus belong; the plants small and slender, the few flowers comparatively large and showy. New or NorEewoRTHYv Species. —X XVII. CYRTORHYNCHA NEGLECTA. Plant larger than in the type-species, often more than a foot high, more delicately herbaceous and the roots fewer and less wiry : leaves more ample and with fewer larger divisions: flowers far less nu- merous and the inflorescence less corymbose: petals none: stamens very few, commonly 10, forming a single series: head of achenes hemispherical rather than broadly turbinate as in the type: achene shorter and thicker, thickest below the middle and even with a conspicuous dorsal gibbosity just above the insertion. Occasional in dry ravines about Golden and Morrison, in middle Colorado, at about 6,000 feet altitude, flowering late in May. This is the first Cyrtorhyncha that was seen by me in my long course of field-study of Rocky Mountain botany. I obtained it first in 1871, in ravines about Golden City, and was then informed by Dr. Asa Gray that it was the plant of Nuttall. In 1872, when I first visited southern Wyoming, I saw and collected there another so very differ- ent from the Colorado plant that I supposed I had now a NEW OR NOTEWORTHY SPECIES. 147 second species of the genus. But this, as I learned by fur- ther study, was the real C. ranunculina; and during the succeeding years of residence in the region I did not again see the Colorado plant. Last spring I requested Mr. E. Bethel of Denver to go in search of it, giving him general directions as to its habitat, and with the result that I soon had fine flowering specimens of my long neglected plant, and later, some thoroughly mature achenes. "The species is very well characterized, by its few-flowered inflorescence, apetalous flowers, few stamens, and its short gibbous achenes in a hemispherical head. CLEMATIS BAKERI. Stems simple, erect, rather slender, 2 feet high, leafy up to the short-peduncled nodding terminal solitary flower; herbage canescently short-villous or villous- lanate; leaves of lower and upper parts of the stem very diverse, the lowest pair oblanceolate, acute, entire, erect and either appressed to the stem or spreading, the next pair commonly pinnately divided in 5 or 7 remote lanceolate en- tire segments, the others successively much larger and parted into as many long-petiolulate and ternately compound, or finally decompound leaflets, their ultimate segments small and linear-lanceolate: peduncle seldom surpassing and often not even equalling the uppermost pair of decompound leaves: flower about ł to 1 inch long, dark-purple; sepals almost glabrous below the middle, white, tomentose toward the reflexed apex. ` On hillsides among scrub-oaks, at Los Pinos, southern Colorado, 19 May, 1899, the specimens in flower only. Re- lated to the well-known C. hírsutissima, Pursh, of far north- ern latitudes (commonly known as C. Douglasii) but a much taller plant, with smaller flowers, and very different foliage, this in C. Bakeri exhibiting extremes of diversity, as I have indieated. The perfectly distinct C. Scoitii of other sections of southern Colorado is in some sort intermediate, yet of different habit from either of these, and often several- flowered. 148 PITTONIA. GEUM SCOPULORUM. Near G. strictum, but usually smaller, always less robust, the tuft of radieal leaves presenting two distinct forms, the lowest bipinnate, of rhombic-oval general outline, the rather crowded divisions and subdivisions cu- neiform and incisely|toothed, those next succeeding lyrate, with few and broad rounded and merely toothed or cleft- segments; base of stem and petioles hirsute; stipules smaller, more rounded than in G. strictum : style-tips more hairy. Type-specimens from “damp, shady thickets” at Piedra, southern Colorado, 14 July, 1899, C. F. Baker. Others, ob- tained by myself at Sherman, Wyoming, in 1893, want the lyrate form of basal leaf. ANDROSACE CAPILLARIS. Perennial, the crown of the root branching, forming a dense tuft, bearing numerous fili- form scapes all leafy at base, the whole plant 2 to 4 inches high, glabrous except a few scabrous points on the capillary pedicels under the calyx: leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, dentate, finch long including the broad petiole: flowers very many, white, minute; calyx campanulate, the triangu- lar teeth 3-nerved, shorter than the oval or subglobose cap- sule. This species, well marked in its vegetative characters, though in flower and fruit so much like A. filiformis of the Old World as to have passed under that name with all American authors until now, inhabits the margins of al- pine and subalpine streamlets in northern Colorado, north- ward through Wyoming to Montana. True A. filiformis is a tall and slender annual, and is not found in America. ANDROSACE ARGUTA. Perennial, the short crown of the root branched, but the foliage forming one very dense tuft from the midst of which rise the 12 to 18 scapes: leaves linear-lanceolate, 1 to 14 inches long, coarsely and some- what pinnately dentate, roughened above with an indument NEW OR NOTEWORTHY SPECIES. 149 of short rigid forked hairs, glabrous beneath: scapes all terminating in a small 5 to 8-flowered subcapitate umbel: calyx glabrous, narrow-campanulate, with triangular cari- nate teeth : corolla white, hardly equalling the calyx-teeth. Known only in flowering specimens obtained at Port Clarence, Bering Strait, 28 June, 1890, by a former pupil of mine, Mr. W. G. Hay. ANDROSACE GorMANI. Biennial or perennial, not mul- ticipitous, but with the habit of A. septentrionalis, though . smaller and more slender; leaves + to ? inch long, plane, subsucculent, from ovate to ovate-spatulate in the smaller (young ?) plants to spatulate-lanceolate in the larger, entire, or the upper portion with a few prominent teeth, glabrous beneath, the upper face almost hispidulous with minute branching hairs: seapes purplish and scaberulous, 2 to 4 inches high, bearing 6 to 12 or more small flowers in a dense umbel: calyx obpyramidal, 5-angled, the carinate teeth scarcely half the length of the tube: corolla white, barely surpassing the calyx. An Alaskan species, obtained at Fort Selkirk in the Yukon Valley, “on dry gravelly soil and old river benches,” by Mr. M. W. Gorman, 24 May, 1899. Distributed under n. 981. ANDROSACE PINETORUM. Perennial, not multicipitous, the often solitary scape from the midst of a single rosula of apparently depressed leaves, these oblanceolate, but tapering to a linear basal and petiolar part, the whole 4 inch long or more, the laminar part commonly with 2 or 3 pairs of serrate teeth, the upper face scaberulous, the lower hardly so, but, with the scape, purplish : central scape 4 to 6 inches high, often accompanied by one or more lateral ones which are shorter: pedicels less than 3 inch long, the umbel there- fore contracted; both pedicels and calyx obscurely sca- berulous: calyx-teeth subulate, more than half as long as 150 PITTONIA. the tube: corolla white or pinkish with yellow center, sur- passing the calyx and about 2 lines broad, the lobes obovate, obtuse. In pine woods of Graham's Park, Rio de los Pinos, at 7,800 feet, southern Colorado, 12 May, 1899, C. F. Baker. The species bears more resemblance to real Old World A. septentrionalis (not believed by me to exist in this country), than do any of the plants of the far West and North that have been referred to it. Iis habitat, in its native southern latitude, is not even subalpiue. The short pedicels aud contracted umbel appertain, it may be, to young and merely flowering plants. Other specimens, obtained by Mr. Baker from along irrigating ditches, and being in fruit, exhibit long pedicels and a loose diffuse umbel; and the plants are larger every way than in those from the pine woods above; a natural result of generous nourishing. ANDROSACE ASPRELLA. Perhaps annual or biennial, the root very slender, sustaining a small rosula and several low slender scapes with lax few-flowered umbels, the pedicels nearly as long as the scapes: leaves à inch long, spatulate to oblong-linear, entire, glabrous beneath, nearly so above, the margins sparsely ciliolate; scapes, bracts, pedicels, and even the calyx rough with short hairs, these seldom simple, usually divaricately forked, much coarser than the pubes- cence of allied species: calyx broadly obpyramidal, the broadly or triangularly subulate teeth almost as long as the tube. Rogue River Valley, Oregon, 16 July, 1887, Thomas Howell; distributed for. A. septentrionalis, and with the habit of A. diffusa, but exhibiting the best of specific char- acters. PHYSALIS POLYPHYLLA. Perennial, the erect freely branching and very leafy stems 6 to 10 inches high, from apparently horizontal roots; the branches and main stem LÀ NEW OR NOTEWORTHY SPECIES 151 angular and seabrous-puberulent: leaves mostly 1 to 14 inches long, the lower lanceolate and notably feather-veined with white but rather fine veins; the very numerous rameal ones mostly linear, or nearly so, and l-nerved, all quite entire and nearly glabrous except along the margin and veins, here strigulose: peduncles about 3 inch long, ascend- ing in flower, deflexed in fruit: corolla rather small, green- ish-yellow, with dark-green spots: fruiting calyx broadly and acutely ovate, thinnish, reticulate, glabrous except as to the rather shortly and broadly triangular-lanceolate teeth, these whitish-puberulent. Collected at Piedra, southern Colorado, 12 July, 1899, by C. F. Baker; the specimens mostly not well past the early flowering. The species is related to what Mr. Rydberg has identified, though to my mind not satisfactorily, with P. Virginiana; from which it differs greatly in its very many small entire leaves, and their conspicuous venation. The form of the mature calyx is also in lively contrast with that of P. Virginiana, Rydb. CASTILLEIA LINEATA. Tufted stems rigid and brittle, but not suffrutescent, about a foot high from a perennial root, narrowly and not densely spicate for about one-third the length ; herbage hoary-tomentose: leaves ascending, linear, 2 inches long, entire, or in more robust plants with one or more pairs of linear segments, all strongly 3-nerved and chan- neled and appearing striate: braets similar to the leaves, more commonly palmately cleft to the middle into 3 linear lobes: corollas greenish and inconspicuous, little exceeding the calyx and bracts. Moist slopes near Pagosa Springs, southern Colorado, 18 July, 1899, C. F. Baker. Very distinct from all other Cas- © tilleias of the Rocky Mountain region, and not very closely allied to the tomentoso species of even Mexico and Cali- fornia. 152 PITTONIA. v VERBENA RUDIS. Allied to V. bracteosa, but the numer- ous assurgent or nearly prostrate stems from the branching crown of a hard thick woody perennial root: stems less distinctly angular, and pubescence more softly hirsute: leaves cuneate-obovate, variously incised or subpinnatitid, their sparse pubescence closely appressed: spikes loose and bracts only half as long as in V. bracteosa. Arboles, southern Colorado, 18 June, 1899, C. F. Baker. Said to be a common weed of roadsides and cultivated lands. Its remarkably thick hard woody perennial roots alone would completely separate it from V. bracteosa. ^ VERBENA CONFINIS. Also allied to V. bracteosa, and the root annual, but rather tall much branched stems apparently erect or ascending; herbage greener, but under a lens ap- pearing sparsely hirsute: leaves distinctly 3-lobed, the two lateral lobes short and divaricate, the middle one many times larger and cuneate, incisely toothed or cleft: spikes elongated and very lax, many of its bracts and flowers in opposite pairs, the bracts smaller and narrower than in V. bracteosa. Organ Mountains, New Mexico, 30 Aug., 1897, E. O. Wooten (his n. 409 of my set). I know so much, by field experience, about verbena hybrids, and even of such as have V. bracteosa for one parent, that this plant would have been under suspicion but for the fact that, while Mr. Wooten called it V. bracteosa, his collection contained neither that species nor any other which, with V. bracteosa, could have generated this. I am therefore convinced that it is a proper species. “ CHRYSOTHAMNUS BAKERI. Low, compact, the crowded erect flowering branches only 5 to 7 inches high, from a much branched woody caudex and thick hard-woody root: bark of flowering branches glabrous and white ; leaves about an inch long, narrowly linear, deep-green and glabrous, but NEW OR NOTEWORTHY SPECIES. 153 conspicuously punctate: corymbose cyme dense, the heads rather large for the plant, 5 to 7-flowered; involucre nar- rowly turbinate, its oblong-linear bracts in about 3 series and forming vertical ranks, glabrous, with green-herbaceous thick tips and a very narrow thin-scarious or hyaline margin: ovaries glabrous. Near Chama, New Mexico, 5 Sept., 1899, C. F. Baker. Allied to C. Greenei, but with very different leaves and in- volucre. " Curysopsis BAKERI. Densely tufted stems slender, about a foot high, dark-red or purplish, equably though somewhat sparsely leafy and the leaves ascending, frequently mono- cephalous, otherwise with a few leafy and monocephalous branches toward the summit: leaves 1 inch long, cuneately oblanceolate, acute, entire, strigulose-pubescent on both faces and with minute sessile resinous atoms underneath the pubescene: heads broad and short for the genus, sub- campanulate; involucral bracts mostly dark-reddish like the stem, more villous than the stem, in several series but not very regularly imbricated : rays of a deep golden-yellow approaching orange: achenes silky; outer pappus obvious, whiter than the inner but setaceous rather than paleaceous, rather scanty. Common, growing in large bunches on ledges and in stony dry beds of streams, at about 9,000 feet in the moun- tains of southern Colorado toward Pagosa Peak, C. F. Baker, 23 Aug.,1899. A remarkably slender species for this genus, and well marked in characters of involucre, and the more than ordinarily deep-colored flowers. " CnRYsoPsis HIRSUTISSIMA. Stems only 4 to 8 inches high, very erect and densely leafy, from a ligneous and branched caudex crowning a strong deep-seated woody root: whole plant of a silvery whiteness, the stem clothed with a long and rather stiffly hirsute or almost hispid white-hairiness, 154 PITTONIA. theleaves as white with a dense strigose pubescence, their outline oblanceolate, all tapering to short slender petioles, heads solitary in the smaller plants, fastigiate-corymbose in the larger: involuere very regularly imbricated, broadly turbinate: rays rather light-yellow: achenes densely ap- pressed-silky : outer pappus obvious, indistinctly paleaceous- On dry rocky declivities leading to the mesas, at Arboles, southern Colorado, C. F. Baker, 5 June, 1899. Related to C. hispida, yet very distinct, as the strong ligneous under- growth and abundant white indument attest. " CHRYSOPSIS PEDUNCULATA. Stems numerous from a sub- ligneous branching caudex, short and depressed, forming large mats: oblanceolate leaves almost silvery-canescent with a fine appressed somewhat strigulose pubescence: heads rather large for the genus, solitary or several on long almost naked peduncles, these 2 inches long or more, often quite as long as the densely leafy stem itself: short outer bracts of the broad involucre subulate, the innermost ob- long-linear, all equally eanescent with the foliage, often purplish on the margin: rays showy, golden-yellow: achenes densely silky ; outer pappus eonspicuous, of unequal narrow and almost setiform pale. Dry hillsides about Pagosa Springs, southern Colorado, C. F. Baker, 20 July, 1899. A beautiful species, altogether unique among its allies by its short decumbent or assur- gent stems, and few long-peduncled heads. V GRINDELIA SUBINCISA. Stems apparently several and decumbent, a foot high or less, freely and rather loosely branched from toward the base, the branches slender, spar- ingly leafy, and mostly monocephalous: lowest leaves ob- lanceolate, or ligulate-oblanceolate, commonly 3 to 5 inches long, rather thin, glabrous or the upper surface obscurely scabrous, the margin variously but usually remotely incise- serrate or even subpinnatifid, those of the branches oblong- NEW OR NOTEWORTHY SPECIES. 155 lanceolate and sessile, incisely serrate: involucres hemi- spherical or subglobose, 1 to $ inch broad, the numerous and strongly imbricated braets with long slender more or less squarrose green tips: rays numerous, long and showy, of a golden-yellow: achenes all turgid and turgidly ribbed, those of the ray trigonous, of the disk somewhat com- pressed and 2-edged: bristles of the pappus 3 in the ray, 2 in the disk, all short, slender for the genus, glabrous. Chama, New Mexico, 5 Sept., 1899, C. F. Baker. " ERIGERON ACCEDENS. Habit of E. divergens, rather larger, commonly more than a foot high, cinereously hirsutulous: basal leaves of broadly oblanceolate outline, abruptly and cuspidately acutish, mostly with 2 or 3 pairs of coarse teeth or shallow lobes, but some with only 1 or 2 such teeth, a few quite entire, all tapering to a slender petiole twice the length of the blade; the proper cauline and rameal ones spatulate-linear, entire, sessile: heads subcorymbose, the peduncles well elongated: bracts of the low-bemispherical involuere hirsute, subequal in several series, linear, acumi- nate: rays 125 or more, very narrow, pale violet: pappus of rather few and very delicate bristles and a number of subulate minute squamelle. Collected at Clifton, Arizona, April, 1899, by Dr. A. David- son. Evidently a more showy species than its near ally, E. divergens, from which its pinnately toothed and long- petiolate foliage as well as larger heads render it easily distinguishable. ; ERIGERON PURPURATUS. Related to E. compositus, simi- larly cespitose though more loosely, and the monocepha- lous peduncles scapiform, but leaves narrowly oblanceolate and entire, except a few of the earliest which are obovate- dilated at summit and 3-toothed or 3-lobed, all sparsely pilose, the largest 1} inches long, including the long narrow petiolar basal part: peduncles 2 or 3 inches high, 156 ' — PITTONIA. with a few leafy bracts at base, somewhat villous-hirsute at the gradually thickened summit: bracts of the involucre linear, acuminate, rather densely hirsute below, the acu- minate tips naked and of a dark purple: rays numerous and slender, decidedly shorter than in E. compositus, pinkish or flesh-color: pappus rather copious and firm, of a distinct purplish red. Sandy river bank at Fort Selkirk in the Yukon Valley, 28 June, 1899, M. W. Gorman. A most distinct new Eri- geron, remarkable for the vivid color of the pappus. No more interesting plant has come to us from the far North- west in recent years. It is therefore unfortunate that but a single specimen was collected ; though that is a very good one. "ERIGERON Gormant. Near E. compositus, the herbage of a much more vivid green, minutely and densely glandular and viscid, scarcely pubescent, but with a scattered and almost hispid ciliation on the pitioles of the short and almost erect leaves ; earliest foliage merely 3-cleft or lobed and the lobes little divergent, oblong; later leaves with the lateral lobes, and sometimes the terminal one, 3-lobed: numerous scapes about 4 inches high, far surpassing the leaves, linear- bracted below: involucres only sparsely hirsute: rays very numerous, rather slender, flesh-color. Dry sandy soil at Fort Selkirk on the Yukon River, 28 June, 1899, M. W. Gorman. " EvcEPHALUS FoRMOsus. Habit of E. glaucus but smaller and less branching, equally pale and glaucous, the leaves thinner, not reticulate, pungently mucronate, the margin scabrous-denticulate under a lens; branches of the corym- bose panicle pubescent: involucres broad and subcam- panulate, their bracts in 4 series, very broad and obtuse, cuspidately or mucronately pointed, minutely woolly- ciliolate, deeply purple-tinged: rays very showy, about NEW OR NOTEWORTHY SPECIES. 157 twice as numerous as in E. glaucus, broader and of a deep blue. Shady slopes at 9,500 feet in the mountains towards Pagosa Peak, southern Colorado, 23 Aug., 1899, C. F. Baker. Much more showy than any forms of its ally, E. glaucus. v TowNsgNDIA BAKERI. Subacaulescent and depressed perennial: somewhat rosulate leaves oblanceolate, spatu- lately tapering to a long and narrow petiole, the whole 1 to nearly 2 inches long, the petiolar part, and also the naked and scapiform peduncles, canescent with a villous pubes- cence, the leaf proper glabrate, of membranaceous texture: peduncles barely an inch long; heads rather large, the involucre hemispherical, the oblong or elliptic-oblong acute bracts imbricated in about 3 series, deep green, but with a narrow and closely ciliolate scarious margin: rays white, but externally green, or greenish with a purple tinge: disk- corollas of a vivid green: pappus of the disk plurisetose, of the ray very short, not longer than the breadth of the . achene, but setulose rather than squamellate. On dry hills among pines, at Los Pinos, Colorado, 16 May, 1899, C. F. Baker. This appears to be a short-lived peren- nial, most of the specimens being small, with a tuft of leaves and peduncles from the simple crown of a perpendicular root. These I infer to be young plants of one or two years from the seed. Others are much larger and truly multicip- itoua, the short branches of a former season having survived and put forth each its tuft of leaves and flowers. These must be older specimens, and have the habit of other mul- ticipitous species. MACHJERANTHERA PRUINOSA. Root not known, the stout widely and subcorymbosely panicled stem 3 feet high or more, purple, but whitened with a pruinose pubescence of stiff, many-jointed hairs, but in no degree viscid or glan- dular: leaves (only the upper cauline known) oblong-lance- 158 PITTONIA. olate to oblong-linear, the largest 3 inches long or more, all thinnish, deep-green, sparingly pubescent only along the 3 veins and their ramifieations, mucronately pointed at the obtuse apex, the margins evenly and rather coa rsely dentate: involucres at the ends of all the branches, very large (3 inch broad), campanulate, the excessively numerous bracts closely imbricated by their white basal part, the long linear- subulate green and pruinose tips widely spreading: rays large and numerous, deep-purple: achenes narrowly ob- lanceolate, closely striate, very glabrous; pappus in a single series, but unequal. Collected in the Sierra Madre, Chihuahua, Mexico, in Soldiers’ Cafion, 11 Oct., 1899, by Messrs. Townsend and Barber. A very beautiful species, related to M. Bigelovit, but very distinct as to character of pubescence, indentation of leaves, etc. " ALISMA BREVIPES. Perennial, the corm-like subterranean base of the stem fibrous-coated by the remains of last year's petioles; scape and panicle 10 to 18 inches high: leaves 2 inches long more or less, of uncommonly firm texture, elliptic-lanceolate, or the very lowest lanceolate with sub- cordate base, all tapering acutely to a short and blunt some- what callous apex, 5-nerved, the margin also raised and nerve-like but thin-edged and more or less distinctly erose- denticulate under a strong lens; petioles very short, scarcely as long as the blades: naked part of the scape little if at all surpassing the leaves, the panicle pyramidal, ample but not diffuse: deltoid-ovate sepals strongly 7-nerved: petals obo- vate, exceeding the sepals, forming a corolla of } inch in breadth or more. In low wet places at Piedra, southern Colorado, 12 July, 1899,C.F. Baker. Quite distinct from all other Alisma forms by its short petioles and peduncles, firm white-nerved and white-margined foliage, ete. The specimens are barely well in flower, no fruit having arrived at maturity. BY EDWARD L. GREENE, - Professor of Botany in the Catholic University of A WASHINGTON, Lc . DECEMBER, 1900. e A FASCICLE OF NEW ARNICAS. 159 A FASCICLE oF NEW ARNICAS, * Allies of A. CmawissoNis; stems tall, with few pairs of leaves, the radical ones wanting or inconspicuous. v A. CROCEA. Stout, 2 feet high, with 3 or 4 pairs of cauline leaves, and 1 to 3 long-peduncled large heads: lowest leaves oblong-lanceolate, short-petiolate, the cauline ovate-lance- olate, sessile by a broad base, sharply acuminate, obseurely denticulate, rather firm, slightly hoary-tomentulose on both faces; the stem and peduncles more hirsutulous, most of the hairs gland-tipped : heads $ inch high, 1 inch broad, almost hemispherical ; bracts of involucre biserial, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate, hirsutulous, not glandular: large orange rays 7-nerved, obtusely and not deeply 3-toothed ; disk-corollas with short villous tube and larger broad-funnel- form glabrous throat, the teeth with or without traces of bristles: achenes black, softly and rather sparsely hirsute ; pappus short, fuscous, subplumose This is well represented in n. 19, 645 of the Canadian Geol. Survey; the specimens collected by Mr. W. Spread- borough, at an altitude of about 5,800 feet on Canoe River, headwaters of the Columbia River, in British Columbia, 11 Aug. 1898. By its large heads, with showy orange-col- ored rays, one would like to identify it with the very ill- defined A. mollis, Hook.; but the pubescence and the foliage are very far from answering to the little which Hooker had to say about them. , A. Conumprana. Dimensions of the last, but the heads more numerous and rather smaller; stem more leafy, all PrrTONIA, Vol. IV. Pages 159-226, Issued 8 Dec., 1900. 160 PITTONIA. the leaves lanceolate, 3 to 5 inches long, exceeding the inter- nodes, more or less tapering to the base and, except the uppermost and somewhat spatulate pairs, short-petiolate ; pubescence fine but not tomentulose, the margins saliently dentate: no hairs even of stem or peduncles gland-tipped : involueres campanulate, their biserial bracts cuneate-oblan- ceolate, nearly acutish : rays light-yellow, broader and shorter than in the last, 8-nerved: disk-corollas slender, the long tube villous, the narrow throat glabrous, the elongated teeth slightly bristly: achenes setulose; pappus dull-white, merely barbellulate. Also British Columbian, being n. 19,646 of the Canadian Survey, collected on Maclennan River, another tributary of the Columbia, by Mr. Spreadborough, 27 July, 1898. It can not be referred to A. Chamissonis, since it lacks the distinctly obovate leaf-cut, the broad, short disk-corollas, and the tawny subplumose pappus of that species. The pubescence is also very different. v A. Macoun. Allied to A. amplericaulis, Nutt, but taller, often 2 or 3 feet high; leaves spatulate-lanceolate and lanceolate, sessile and amplexicaul, often 4 inches long, less than an inch in width, lightly serrate rather than dentate, the margins scaberulous, the upper face with scattered short hairs not pustulate; inflorescence rather ample, corymbose- panicled, the peduncles clothed with short hairs tipped each with a large gland: campanulate involucre not in the least glandular, its short lanceolate bracts sparsely hispidulous- hairy: rays about 6-nerved, deeply notched (2-toothed): disk-corollas with short hispidulous tube and much longer funnelform glabrous throat: achenes slender, strongly- ribbed, sparsely short-bristly and with a similar distribu- tion of sessile glands; pappus short, rigid, loosely bar- bellate, fuscous. A FASCICLE OF NEW. ARNICAS. 161 Near Comax, Vancouver Island, 1 July, 1893, John Ma- coun. Distributed from the Canadian Survey Herbarium as A. Chamissonis, but the plant is more allied to A. amplexicaulis. V A. ovata. A foot high or more, stoutish, sparingly leafy, the leaves in only 2 or3 pairs and not more than half the length of the internodes, rather narrowly ovate, or lance-ovate, acutish, callous-denticulate, the lowest on short winged petioles, all finely pubescent on both faces, especially near and on the margin: heads about 3, subtended by a pair of ovate-lanceolate very acute bracts, the peduncles naked: involucres campanulate, their bracts lanceolate, acuminate, glandular-pubescent: rays rather narrow, mostly 2-dentate; disk-corollas with very short hirsutulous tube and twice longer narrow-funnelform throat including the elongated-triangular naked teeth. Waksatch Mountains, Utah, at 11,000 feet, 31 July, 1879, Marcus Jones (n. 1,128 in my set); distributed for A. mollis. A. MACILENTA. About 2 feet high, with 5 or 6 pairs of rather ample thin leaves, the lower pairs elliptic-lanceolate, strongly connate-sheathing, the middle pairs lanceolate and oblong-lanceolate, sessile by a short spatulate base, the uppermost sessile by a broad half-clasping base, all obscurely dentate or entire, green and glabrous to the unaided eye, a lens disclosing a sparse indument of short bristly appressed hairs on the upper face, and of more slender and somewhat woolly ones beneath; stem and petiolar sheaths hirsutulous with white more or less retrorse hairs: heads about 3, on short slender peduncles; involuere campanulate, of 2 series of very thin oblong and oblong-lanceolate obtuse bracts somewhat appressed-villous with fine but obviously jointed hairs: rays thin, broad, obtuse, shallowly 3-dentate : disk- 162 PITTONIA. corollas with short villous tube and much longer funnel- form throat, the short deltoid teeth sparingly bristly: achenes setulose; pappus somewhat tawny, scarcely even barbellulate. Collected on the Shetland Ranch, mountains of northern Colorado, 12 July, 1896, by C. F. Baker. The plant was formerly referred by me to my A. subplumosa, with much hesitancy. But its pappus is at the opposite extreme from subplumose, and the strong leafiness, with thin texture, very thin and obtuse involuere bracts, all are characters demanding its separation. A. MULTIFLORA. Several-stemmed from the rootstock, not slender, a foot high, the smallish heads 3 to 12: lowest leaves from elliptical to ovate-lanceolate, 1 to 2 inches long, on flattened petioles twice as long, the broadest acute at base, the longer subcordate, all with a few salient serrate teeth, scaberulous above, glabrous beneath, the margin scabrous-ciliate ; the lowest cauline oval, abruptly tapering to a broadly-winged and basally much dilated petiole, the uppermost pair ovate-lanceolate, sessile by a broad base: involueres about 3 inch high, broadly turbinate, their bracts biserial and the outer series longer, glandular-puberulent : rays short and broad, broadly and not deeply notched at apex: achenes glandular-scaberulous; pappus white, barbellate. x Woods about Lake Pend d'Oreille, Idaho, J. B. Leiberg, June, 1891, n. 234. Also apparently the same, in a reduced form, from Mt. Steele of the Olympie Range, Washington, C. V. Piper, Aug. 1895, n. 2203. And again; specimens quite like the originals by Leiberg are in the U. S. Herba- rium, collected near Columbia Falls, Montana, 14 June, 1894, by R. S. Williams, these bearing the label n. 1049. c Motum is notable on account of its profusion of smallish eads. A FASCICLE OF NEW ARNICAS. 163 A. RIVULARIS. - 904 CORRECTIONS IN NOMENCLATURE—IV, E - - 307 HE ORUCIFER.E—IV, - - - 807 1. New Species of Lesquerelia, - - - - 307 2. Miscellaneous New Species, - - . E - 8l New Species OF Lac RIA, : = - 315 NEW on NOTEWORTHY SPECIES—XXIX, - - - 318 - 321 New SPECIES OF MONARDELLA, z $ = Price, Fifty Cents. Pavor, UPHAM & Co. San Francisco: WILLIAM WESLEY & Sox, London. SOME NEGLECTED VIOLETS. 285 SomE NEGLECTED VIOLETS. A very considerable number of Canadian species of the division of purple-flowered caulescent violets have been in my herbarium, awaiting critical study, for a number of years. Nearly all of these have been furnished by Mr. J. M. Macoun. To these a few more have been added this season, by Dr. James Fletcher; and the endeavor to report to the latter the names of the species he has sent, has been made the occasion of a critical survey of this whole group, the known forms of which have for years past been allowed to be treated as representing merely a few varieties of the Old World V. canina; a violet which doubtless has no place in the North American flora; and most of the new ones herein defined, are established upon excellent characters. V. Futcrata. Low, stoutish, apparently glabrous, pale and glaucescent, only the margins of the leaves and stipules . exhibiting a few short stiff hairs: leafy stems only two or three inches high, the few peduncles about as long: leaves ovate, obtuse, often with rounded basal lobes and closed sinus, the whole margin lightly but distinctly erenate, the blade about an inch long, the petiole somewhat larger; stipules small, oblong-lanceolate, incisely serrate: peduncles firmly erect, bibracteolate below the middle, the bractlets almost opposite, notably herbaceous, spatulate-linear, com- monly with several serrate teeth: sepals broad and obtuse, not scarious margined, 3-nerved: corolla an inch in length, petals all very broad and ample (for this group), the keel broadest of all, equalling the others in length, obcor- Prrronta, Vol. IV. Pages 285-320, issued 30 Sept. 1901. 286 PITTONIA. date by an abrupt and rather deep apical notch; spur almost as long as the limb, very thick, straight and obtuse. Cowichan River, Vancouver Island, J. R. Anderson, 2 June, 1898; communicated by Mr. Macoun. The species must be a very beautiful one, by its neatly cordate pale foliage, and large broad-petalled flowers. Its large almost leafy and distinctly toothed bractlets, situated low on the peduncle, are a very notable characteristic. My specimens bear the Canadian Survey number 19,912. V. PETROPHILA. Tufted stems ascending, 3 inches high and slender, as are also the petioles and peduncles; herbage glabrous except a scanty hirsutulous hairiness at and near the margins of the leaves and along the angles of the petioles; leaves subcordate-ovate, seldom # inch long, on almost filiform petioles twice or thrice as long, crenate; stipules small, lacerate-toothed; peduncles elongated, almost filiform, slenderly bibracteolate near the flower; sepals subulate-lanceolate, corolla scarcely $ inch broad; petals narrow, but the keel broadest, equalling the others, obtuse; spur long, narrow, curved downwards. Crevices of Rocks, Shawnigan Lake, Vancouver Island, 9 May, 1897, J. R. Anderson, the specimens communicated by Mr. Macoun. Like V. subcordata (Pitt. iii. 316) in habit and leaf-outline, but otherwise quite dissimilar, especially as to pubescence, the small size of the corolla, and the narrow downwardly curved spur. V. compacta. Dwarf and condensed, the entire plant including the large flowers only 1 or 2 inches high, in appearance acaulescent, the tufted leaves barely 4 inch long including the petiole, this and the blade of about equal length, the latter round-ovate, obtuse, crenate, sparingly SOME NEGLECTED VIOLETS. 287 hirtellous; peduncles rather numerous, minutely hirtellous- puberulent, bibracteolate near {the flower, the bractlets opposite, herbaceous, spatulate-linear; sepals oblong-lanceo- late, obtuse, not scarious-margined, glabrous: corolla large for the plant, 7 or 8 lines broad; petals consimilar, all with rounded obovate blade, the keel as large and as long as any; spur prominent but not elongated, thick and obtuse. | This curious dwarf, so perfectly resembling an acaulescent species, was obtained along with V. petrophila, from crevices of rocks about Shawnigan Lake, Vancouver Island, by Mr. Anderson; and these two were distributed as if taken for representatjves of the same species, under the Canadian Survey number 19,910. Butaninvestigation of the charac- ters renders it impossible to treat the present plant as a dwarf and condensed state, either of V. petrophila or any other species recognized. V. ANDERSONII. Caulescent, the short decumbent stems and elongated petioles and peduncles stoutish and commonly glabrous, or nearly so: leaves broadly cordate, 13 inches long and quite as broad, the earliest smaller and approach- ing reniform, all obviously crenate, appressed bristly-hairy along the veins above, marginally ciliolate, nearly or quite glabrous beneath; stipules lanceolate, incisely toothed: peduncles 5 or 6 inches long and surpassing all the foliage, bibracteate near the middle but the bracts remote; sepals lanceolate, ciliolate: corolla not large for the plant, about ? inch long, the petals subequal, or the pair next the keel exceeding it in size; spur short and thick. Thetis Lake, British Columbia, 28 April, 1900, collected by Mr. James R. Anderson. Very well marked, as a species of the canina group, by its broad-cordate leaves of large size, 288 PITTONIA. and with an indentation more typically crenate than in any of its American allies. The corollas are nearly white in the dry, and may have been light-blue when fresh. V. oREOCALLIS. Size and mode of growth as in the last, but peduncles and petioles more slender, the leaves thinner and the whole herbage puberulent: leaves cordate-ovate, obtuse, very lightly and almost obscurely crenate, not ciliate, truly puberulent above, beneath rather hirtellous along the veins; stipules small and narrow, sparingly in- cised: peduncles bibracteolate far above the middle and the bractlets contiguous: sepals glabrous: corolla more than an inch in diameter, all the petals spatulate-obovate, the keel much the largest and longest; spur rather short, thick and obtuse. Mill Hill, British Columbia, 29 April, 1900, J. R. Ander- son. Differs altogether from V. Andersonii by. its leaf- outline and indument, as well as by its larger flowers, with petals of quite other proportions. The specimens both of this and the last preceding were communicated to me by Dr. Fletcher of Ottawa. V. ALBERTINA. Stems low, 2 or 3 inches long, ascending, from a slender simple or branched fibro-ligneous rootstock ; herbage hirtellous-puberulent, peduncles and petioles more densely and somewhat retrorsely hirtellous: leaves from suborbicular (in the lowest) to round-ovate and deltoid- ovate, obtuse, finely and evenly crenate, 1 to nearly 1 inch long, on petioles nearly twice as long; stipules lanceolate, subpinnately incised toward the base: peduncles quite sur- passing the leaves, conspicuously bibracteolate toward the summit, the bractlets opposite, linear: corolla blue, $ inch jong, the keel petal somewhat shorter than the others, SOME NEGLECTED VIOLETS. 289 distinetly broader, emarginate or even almost obcordate; spur as long as the blade, abruptly and obliquely acute at the end. z Apparently common to the eastward of the McLeod River, northern Alberta; collected by Mr. W. Spread- borough, June, 1898, and communicated to mé by Mr. J. M. Macoun. V. FILIPES. Near the last, but the proper stem almost obsolete, the leaves and flowers tufted at the ends of the fibrous root-crown or its branches; herbage glabrous: leaves eordate-oval, the shallow sinus often closed by the over- lapping of the rounded basal lobes, obtuse, remotely and obscurely erenate, 4 to $ inch long when young, those of later and fruiting specimens often more than 2 inches long, on almost filiform petioles of 2 to 4 inches: flowers quite surpassing the foliage, and on very slender peduncles; co- rolla little more than 4 inch wide, the petals deep purple, all rather narrow, the keel about equalling the others, the spur very long, cylindric, rather narrow, obtuse, curved upwards. Borders of a meadow in the half desert region of Modoc Co., California, June and July, 1893, Milo S. Baker. Remarkable in this group as being apparently acaulescent; the peduncles and petioles in the later and fruiting speci- mens very long and slender, but the proper leaf-bearing stem never obviously developed. V. CARDMINEFOLIA. Caulescent, the numerous slender decumbent or more depressed stems 3 to 5 inches long: leaves small, the subcordate-ovate obtuse minutely crenate blade often merely 4 inch, seldom £ inch long, of firm tex- ture, obscurely pulverulent-puberulent, the slender petioles about 1 inch long; stipules lanceolate, the lowest serrate- ciliate, the upper nearly entire except toward the base: 290 PITTONIA. slender peduncles little more than an inch long, bibracteo- late much above the middle: sepals subulate-lanceolate, glabrous: corolla small, deep-blue; spur elongated, oblique. In rocky woodland near Aylmer, Quebec, Canada, 6 June, 1901, Dr. J. Fletcher. Allied to the common V. Muhlen- bergiana of the U. S. (now righly or wrongly called V. Labradorica), but easily distinct by its small, thick and somewhat fleshy foliage always of ovate outline and obtuse; the flowers not half as large, much more deeply colored, and with a different spur. V. RETROSCABRA. Root long and deep, with short branched crown or caudex, the proper stem at time of petal- iferous flowering not developed, the large long-petioled foliage quite surpassing all the flowers, in outline from sub- cordate-deltoid to codate-ovate, 1 to 2 inches long and ? to 14 inches broad, the sinus broad and open, the margin unevenly erenate, petioles of the largest 3 inches long or more, the whole herbage more or less hirtellous and this hairiness retrorse when occurring on the petioles and pe- duncles; the latter bibracteolate, at about the middle: sepals subulate-lanceolate, acute, often puberulent: corolla about 10 lines long, pale-violet or bluish, petals rather narrow, the keel as long as the others and rather broader: stems devel- oping in summer to the length of 2 or 3 inches, and bearing numerous small apetalous flowers, these succeeded by short ovoid capsules. A plant of southern Colorado, first known to me in some autumnal specimens collected by myself in exssicated bog land near Cimarron, 1896. Similar specimens were distrib- uted from near Mancos, by Baker, Earle and Tracy, in 1898, under number 116. Others, also late and only in fruit, were distributed by Mr. Baker, from Pagosa Springs in 1899. Lastly, excellent flowering specimens are now at hand from SOME NEGLECTED VIOLETS. 291 Mr. Baker from two localities near Cimarron, to be distrib- uted by him later, under numbers 68 and 144 of his plants of the Gunnison region of the year 1901. V. UNGUICULATA. Size of the last, but leafy stem well developed at earliest flowering, the peduncles short, not ex- ceeding the leaves; herbage much more pubescent, even quite hirtellous throughout; leaves much smaller, only the lowest rounded and subcordate, these little more than $ ineh long and broad, the others of more oval outline, very obtuse at both ends, or some tapering to the petiole: peduncles 13 inches long, bibracteolate near the flower, the bracteoles linear, elongated and conspicuous: sepals lanceolate, acu- minate: corolla little more than 4 inch long, the petals sub- equal, but the keel broadest; spur well elongated, rather narrow, curved upwards, ending in a very narrow claw-like curved appendage. Known only in a single specimen collected by the writer nearly a quarter of a century ago, in the Greenhorn Moun- tains, Southern Colorado; very interesting on account of the slender claw-like hollow appendage terminating the proper spur. V. pEsERTORUM. Allied to the last two, rather more strongly hirtellous throughout, taller, the leafy stems well developed at early flowering, often 5 to 7 inches high and ascending or suberect: leaves somewhat deltoid-ovate, acut- ish, mostly 1 to 14 inches long, rather obscurely crehate- serrate and notably veiney, quite distinctly cucullate at the rounded base when young, and more or less obviously so even in maturity; stipules lanceolate, with a few lacerate teeth: peduncles filiform, none from amid the long-petioled basal leaves, all from the axils above, 2 inches long, almost or altogether glabrous, bibracteolate very near the flower, 292 PITTONIA. and the linear braets long: sepals narrow-lanceolate, glab- rous, l-nerved, in age almost carinately so: corolla little more than 4 inch long, petals subequal, all narrow, almost oblong; spur elongated, rather slender, cylindric, Bene at the upper side at the end. In the Star Valley meadow lands in the midst of the desert region of middle Nevada, at the foothills back of Deeth, 19 July, 1896, collected by the writer. The spur in this species makes some approach to that of the Pacific Coast V. adunca, in which that organ is more distinctly hooked, and with a sharper angle at the end, on the upper side. V. BELLIDIFOLIA. A tufted dwarf, the whole plant barely 2 inches high, appearing as if acaulescent, the leafy stem undeveloped; herbage glabrous, slightly fleshy; leaves long- petioled, the subcordate-ovate, ovate and oval blades near 4 inch long, subentire or slightly and for their size coarsely crenate: numerous peduncles either barely equalling or somewhat exceeding the leaves, bracteolate above the middle: sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute, nerveless: corolla less than + inch long, strongly nodding, the long curved spur as strongly ascending. I would indicate as the type of this Colorado species, Baker, Earle and Tracy’s n. 287, from a mossy bog in Slide Rock Cafion, west of Mt. Hospesis, 2 July, 1898. "Their n. 221, from the Bear Creek Divide, is even more dwarf, and „grew on drier ground. It bears, however, about the same foliage and the same flower, and can hardly be specifi- cally different. Number 166 of the same collection, though much larger, and less acaulescent, may also be specifically identical. Continued study and comparison of acaulescent purple- SOME NEGLECTED VIOLETS. 293 flowered violets from various localities, chiefly northern, has led to the recognition of several more species which seem to have remained hitherto undescribed. V. Ittinoensts. Herbage rather deep-green but lucid, glabrous, in no degree succulent: leaves from stoutish ascending branched rootstocks and of notably triangular out- line, the earliest cordate-deltoid, the later ones more hastate- deltoid, saliently crenate-serrate, acute: petaliferous flowers borne rather above the leaves, their bractlets inserted near the middle of the peduncle: sepals oblong-lanceolate, finely serrulate-ciliolate; petals of a pale violet-blue with an obvious greenish tinge, the uppermost pair darker than the others and with a deep-violet spot at base of blade, these alsolongerand broader than the second pair which are twisted and deflected, and hirsute at base with long slender abruptly clavellate hairs, the keel-petal long, almost liguliform, strongly veined with dark-violet: apetalous summer flowers on very short ascending or nearly horizontal peduncles, or some of them fairly underground, their short oval pods strongly trigonous This well marked woodland violet of Central Illinois is common in rich open woods along the Sangamon River, near Monticello, and is here described from specimens which, transmitted thence to Washington in the autumn. of 1899, have thriven and flowered with me during two successive seasons. There is no other violet with which to compare it as a very near relative, unless it be V. affinis, and it is far enough removed from that by many peculiarities. V. susviscosa. Rootstocks not much branched, slender, short-jointed and knotted; plant 4 to 6 inches high at time of petaliferous flowering: leaves thin, deep-green, shining 294 PITTONIA. and slightly clammy, very sparsely appressed-hairy above, somewhat hirsute beneath along the veins and sparsely , Ciliate, in outline from cordate-reniform to broadly cordate ` with deep and often almost closed sinus, subserrately crenate, the more strictly cordate ones about 2 inches in diameter and little longer than broad: peduncles about equalling the leaves, bibracteolate below the middle, more or less strongly hirsutulous, as are also some of the petioles: sepals oblong, obtuse, strongly and closely ciliate with spreading or some- what retrorse hairs: corolla violet, large, about 14 inches wide, the petals not very dissimilar, rather broadly obovate, the keel as broad as the others and very obtuse. A most beautiful northern violet, remarkable for its slen- der rootstocks, each bearing a few large thin dark leaves and common only on large flower. The species was first recognized by me a year ago last June, in some excellent specimens sent me from Prince Edward Island by Mr. L. W. Watson. I at once diagnosed it as new, but the manu- script became misplaced. This year a fine sheet of speci- mens was sent from Aylmer, Quebec, by Dr. J. Fletcher, who describes the plant as growing in open spaces among woods, and flowering there early in June. The corolla, though of a deeper color, is so much like that of V. septentrionalis that I at first thought of it as too near that species, but comparison shows a widely different rootstock, very different foliage, etc. V. septentrionalis has a heavier foliage, of a light green shade, wholly devoid of clamminess, each leaf with a broad open sinus, and each branch of its stout rootstock produces a considerable cluster of leaves and flowers. I may remark, lastly, that some specimens re- ceived from Dr. Ezra Brainerd, collected in damp woods near Pleiad Lake, western Vermont, in 1899, and which I then referred with some hesitation to V. septentrionalis, are SOME NEGLECTED VIOLETS. 295 now quite clearly seen to be of the present species. "These Vermont specimens were taken late in July, and show only the late apetalous fruiting; these peduncles being short and horizontal, but not at all subterranean. z V. CRENULATA. Tufted perennial with rather stout ascending rootstocks, the whole plant small, and with light- green glabrous herbage: earliest leaves from deltoid-sub- reniform to deltoid-ovate, obtuse, 4 to $ inch broad, on petioles not much larger, very closely and minutely crenate, the later leaves twice as large, cordate-ovate, cucullate, sub- serrate-crenate, on petioles 1 to 2 inches long: peduncles many, 3 to 5 inches long, erect, far exceeding the foliage, almost colorless and white-translucent, bibracteolate below the middle and the bractlets usually quite remote from each other: sepals small, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse; corolla large, pale-violet; petals spatulate-obvate, obtuse or retuse, the odd one commonly quite obcordate-notched and very strongly veined with dark-violet, its surface also adorned with seat- tered white papille, the two next to it each with a dense small tuft of mostly clavate hairs: late apetalous flowers on short abruptly deflected pedicels. The specimens of this very well marked violet are from near Syracuse, N. Y., and were communicated in a living state by Mr. H. D. House.. It is a bog-meadow plant, and this fact, along with the light-colored herbage, and flowers much paler than those of V. cucullata, denote its affinity for that species. It has petals somewhat like those of the Canadian V. vagula, at least as to their being retuse or even obeordate-notehed; but the pubescence of the petals is very different. The foliage of V. crenulata suggests that of the Canadian V. venustula by its small size and very marked cre- nulation. Otherwise, however, the two are very dissimilar. - 296 PITTONIA. I have no doubt that what I here define and name as new, has been treated as the equivalent of the V. palus- tris of the Old World; but the plant so named in our books has not been reported from so far south as New York; nor is our V. crenulata at all suggested by Britton and Brown's: figures of so-called V. palustris. V. FrLETCHERI. Acaulescent, small, the simple ascending rootstock rather small for the plant, closely jointed: leaves few, small, from ovate-reniform to subcordate ovate, $ to 1 inch long at time of petaliferous flowering, the undevoloped ones cucullate, all very regularly crenate, glabrous and shining above, mostly sparse-hirsutulous beneath and on the petioles, these in the earliest not longer than the blade, in the later more than twice as long: flowers very few, often 1 only; peduncles hirsute, minutely bracted below the middle: sepals small, lanceolate, veinless, serrate-ciliolate: corolla large, more than $ inch broad, rich purple; the upper pair of petals much the largest, obovate, the middle pair narrower in proportion and strongly bearded with long cylindric hairs, the odd one as long as these and a trifle broader: apetalous flowering and fruiting not known. Common in certain moist open grounds, growing among mosses, near Ottawa, Ontario, Mr. J. M. Macoun. Plant of about the size of V. venustula, but with very different characters, and holding perhaps the same relation to the common V. papilionacea which V. venustula bears to V. cucullata. The individuals are said by Mr. Macoun to grow singly, and to be often one-flowered. The leaves at time of petaliferous flowering are only three or four. Some small plants of V. blanda accidentally accompany the living specimens, showing that these two are natural associates. V. NoDOSA. Acaulescent, the rather ample foliage and NEW SPECIES OF CERASTIUM. 297 long peduncles from stout horizontal more or less branch- ing and strongly knotted rootstocks: herbage light green, hirsutulous, the petioles and peduncles very strongly so and the ‘hairs spreading or deflexed: leaves from round- -reniform to round-ovate, obtuse, subserrate-crenate, about 2 inches wide at time of petaliferous flowering, the unde- veloped ones cucullate, all much shorter than their petioles: peduncles equalling or exceeding the leaves, rather slender, bibracteolate near the middle, the pubescence rigid and re- trorse: sepals lanceolate, puberulent, the margin more or less obscurely ciliolate: corolla pale-violet, $ inch broad; uppermost petals obovate, naked, the laterals with a dense tuft of apparently flattened and distinctly woolly hairs, the odd one as long as the others and broadly spatulate. Near Syracuse, New York, communicated by Mr. Homer D. House. Related to such species as V. cuspidata, V. Dicksonii and V. letecerulea, and remarkable for its large knotted and exactly horizontal rootstocks, the woolly- hairiness of its petals, and the retrorsely almost hispid peduncles. New SPECIES OF CERASTIUM. - C. onEoPHILUM. Tufted stems 4 to 8 inches high, leafy with about 4 pairs of suberect leaves and ending in a sessile eontracted cyme, the whole stem purple or purplish and glandular-pubescent with white spreading hairs: leaves lance-linear, acute, of half the length of the internodes or somewhat more, rather sparsely glandular-hirsutulous and almost equally so on both faces; basal sterile branches very short, consisting of little more than fascicles of obovate- oblong carinate-nerved at length almost glabrous leaves of 298 PITTONIA. ł to 3 inch long: calyx 24 lines long, the sepals very acute, the outer scarious at tip, the inner with broad scarious mar- gin as well as tip, all more or less strigose-pubescent and ` distinctly I-nerved: corolla rather large, twice the length of the calyx or more: capsule not seen. Foothills of the Rocky Mountains near Fort Collins, Col- orado, 7 May, 1896, C. F. Baker; species with very charac- teristic calyx. C. ErFusuM. Slender stems loosely tufted, ascending, 8 to 10 inches long, the rather ample cyme short-peduncled: leaves of main stem # inch long or less, 1} lines wide below the middle, minutely glandular-hirtellous above, glabrous beneath, even as to the prominent midvein, those of the sterile shoots an inch long, narrowly spatulate-linear, gland- ular-hirtellous above, sparingly so beneath, but midvein almost or altogether glabrous; pubescence of stems and pedicels more strong and more notably glandular: calyx 2 lines long, the sepals very acute, obviously 1-nerved, some- times with traces of two other nerves, the pubescence short, gland-tipped and spreading: petals large, of rather more than twice the length of the sepals: capsule straight, seldom sur- passing the calyx by half the length of its teeth. The typical material of this is of my own collecting in - wild grassy pasture land along Dale Creek, Wyoming, 1 July, 1896. While manifestly allied to C. angustatum, it differs very markedly by its more slender habit, glandular pubescence, and short straight capsule. . C. scoputorum. Loosely tufted perennial, the main stems 4 to 8 inches long, bearing 2 or 3 remote pairs of linear lanceolate leaves and a contracted few-flowered cyme, the leaves almost glabrous above, but with scattered small NEW SPECIES OF CERASTIUM. 299 bristly hairs on the midvein beneath and on the margin; leaves of the long and well developed sterile shoots linear, hirsute-ciliate at the base, otherwise glabrous, nearly ? inch long, longer than the internodes and spreading; all the stems and branches more or less hirsutulous below the nodes, often hirtellous nearly throughout, only the peduncles and pedicels glandular-hirtellous: calyx 21 lines long, almost glabrous, showing only a few scattered and very short gland-tipped hairs: corolla large, of more than twice the length of the calyx: capsule very short, not even the relatively very long teeth exserted from the mature calyx. Rocky Mountains of Colorado, southward chiefly, and at considerable elevations only; well represented in Baker, Earle and Tracy’s nn. 497, 664 and 892, all from subalpine stations in the La Plata Mts.; the species perhaps also embracing Mr. Wooton’s n. 639 from the White Mountains, southern New Mexico. C. OCCIDENTALE. The many flowering stems usually decumbent, 5 to 8 inches high, bearing about 3 pairs of leaves and all the internodes elongated, the cyme short and mostly contracted, 5- to 15-flowered (in more reduced forms 3-flowered or even 1-flowered); leaves 1 to $ inch long, oblong-linear, acutish, ascending, from hirtellous-pubescent, with minute subsessile glands interspersed, to nearly glab- rous, the stem more notably pubescent with somewhat deflexed hairs, but peduncles and pedicels distinctly viscid- hirtellous; sterile basal shoots numerous, 2 inches long or more (in reduced forms less than 1 inch), their narrowly spatulate-linear leaves $ inch long, far surpassing the inter- nodes: sepals 23 lines long, scarious at the acute tips and more or less so marginally, the back viscid-puberulent and only faintly 1-nerved: petals twice the length of the sepals: 300 PITTONIA. capsule about twice as long as the calyx, distinctly curved upwards. A common plant of the Colorado Rocky Mountains at all elevations of from 7,000 to 11,500 feet, and quite variable as to the degree of the pubescence. The best specimens are partly my own, from Bear Creek, west of Denver, collected in July, 1889, along with others equally complete, obtained by Mr. Holm partly about Gray's Peak, and partly at similar elevations near Leadville, in 1899. Reduced forms are com- mon on the plains of Wyoming and Montana, and have been distributed by Nelson, Rydberg and others. C. ANGUSTATUM. Tufted perennial, the ascending flower- ing stems often. a foot high, ending in a long-peduncled rather contracted cyme, producing from their lower nodes upright densely leafy sterile branches 6 inches high: leaves of main stem 1 inch long, half as long as the internodes, lance-linear, 14 lines wide below the middle, hirtellous, especially on the strong midvein beneath and on the margin, those of sterile shoots as long or even longer, very narrowly linear, subfalcate, acute, of twice or thrice the length of the internodes, pubescence of this is also of the stem hirsutulous, not glandular: calyx about 2 lines long, the somewhat appressed-villous sepals acute; corolla also small, but well surpassing the calyx: capsule short, not twice the length of the calyx, abruptly curved. Near Prince Albert, Saskatchewan, July, 1896, John Macoun, Canad. Survey, n. 12,459. The type sheet is in my own herbarium. The corresponding one in that of the Canad. Surv. show even greater dimensions, but with the remarkable sterile branches themselves nearly a foot high, and less densely leafy, the leaves of barely twice the length of the internodes. "The plant is said to inhabit sand hills on the open prairies of the region. aer - NEW SPECIES OF CERASTIUM. 301 C. CAMPESTRE. Size and habit of C. occidentale but rather more leafy, the cymes more contracted and with more numerous flowers, but stem canescently villous below, the dense indument strongly deflexed, the upper portion and the pedicels with a much less dense and a spreading villosity of hairs mostly gland-tipped and very viscid: leaves $ inch long, subulate-lanceolate, strongly ascending, rather densely appressed-villous on both faces: sepals very acute, hardly scarious except at the very apex, appressed-pubescent, not viscid, 1-nerved: corolla large, the broad bifid petals of nearly thrice the length of the sepals. Apparently frequent on the high prairies of British America, when it takes the place of the more southerly C. occidentale, from which its strong villous pubescence and some other characters well distinguish it. Numbers 5,599 (Cypress Hills, N. W. T.), 4,600 (Indian Head, Assiniboia) _and 12,450 (Stonewall, Manitoba), of the Canad. Survey, are sheets that perfectly represent the species. C. vestitum. Loosely tufted slender stems decumbent, often geniculate, 4 to 7 inches high, their leaves short and in few pairs, the lowest oblong, others oblong-linear, the upper rather broadly lanceolate, less than $ inch long (the internodes 1 to 24 inches), acutish, ascending or at length spreading, rather densely somewhat villous-pubescent on both faces; stem densely and retrorsely white-villous, the peduncles and pedicels with a similar though spreading indument intermixed with shorter gland-tipped hairs; crowded leaves of the short spreading sterile shoots elliptic- lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, + to 4 inch long, more spar- ingly villous, when very old glabrate: sepals 2 lines long, rather broad, abruptly acutish, glandular-puberulent and viscid, wholly herbaceous, or scarious at tip: petals thrice the length of the sepals: capsule not exserted. 302 PITTONIA. Dry banks at St. Anne, near Edmonton, Alberta, collected by Mr. W. Spreadborough, 9 June, 1898; n: 19,285 of the Canad. Geol. Surv. Species uncommonly well marked and not otherwise known. . ©. conrertum. Stems purplish, 6 io 10 inches high, ' hirtellous (under a lens) and most of the hairs gland-tipped: leaves in about 4 or 5 pairs, shore and remote, oblong-lan- ceolate, obtusish, ascending, the longest little more than 1 inch long, all pubescent on both faces, scarcely glandular: cymes rather many-flowered but condensed, the whole scarcely an inch long except in age: sepals less than 2 lines long, oblong-ovate, obtuse at the abruptly scarious-tipped and purplish apex, the body strongly glandular-puberulent and strongly 1 to 3-nerved: corolla small, but’ well surpass- ing the calyx. = An excellent species, of which the only specimens seen, were collected at Stewarts Lake, British Columbia, 20 June, 1875, by Mr. John Macoun, and on Telegraph Trail, in the same region, the same year, 24 June. . C. PATULUM. Cespitose and low, the many flowering stems seldom exceeding 3 or 4 inches, decumbent, clothed with about 4 pairs of leaves and ending in a peduncled cyme of about 3 flowers : leaves subulate-lanceolate, scarcely 3 inch long, spreading, pilose-pubescent above when young and somewhat bristly-ciliate at base, in age glabrate; those of the sterile shoots narrower, not much crowded though ex- ceeding the short internodes: leafy part of main stem retror- sely villous-pubescent, the peduncle glandular-hirtellous and quite viscid: bracts of the cyme broad and of oval outline: sepals 2 lines long, véry broad, obtusish, scantily strigulose and strongly 3-nerved: petals large, obcordate: capsule little surpassing the calyx. NEW SPECIES OF CERASTIUM. 303 Common on stony hills about San Francisco and else- where in middle California near the sea, being the C. arvense of my Bay-Region Manual, etc., but a most distinct species. C. Sonnet. Of twice the height of the last, and more slender, the cyme ampler, often 5-flowered: leaves oblong- lanceolate, # inch long, glandular-puberulent, along margin and on the midvein beneath glandular-hirtellous; those of the sterile shoots narrower, otherwise similar: bracts of the cyme broad, almost ovate, acute: pubescence of stem very short, spreading, glandular: sepals 2 lines long, elliptic- oblong, acute, lightly 1-nerved, with or without traces of lateral nerves, glandular-puberulent, more so marginally than superficially: petals deeply obcordate, twice as long as the sepals. Subalpine in*the Californian Sierras, my specimens from an altitude of 8,000 feet on Mt. Rose, 22 July, 1888, C. F. Sonne. C. apsuRGENs. Apparently biennial, with many decum- bent or assurgent branches forming a tuft on the crown of the slender root, these a foot long more or less, simple up to the long and narrow cyme, herbage altogether light-green, scarcely glandular or viscid, minutely rough-pubescent (under a lens appearing hispidulous): leaves 3 to 1} inches long, oblong-linear, obtuse: calyx scarcely 2 lines long, the sepals oblong, acute, hirtellous with scattered bristly hairs, not viscid, marked at base with a prominent but short rudi- ment of a midvein: petals not quite equalling the sepals, their segments very acute: capsule of nearly thrice the length of the calyx, gradually curved. Collected by the writer on wooded slopes of the San Fran- cisco Mountains, northern Arizona, 10 July, 1889. C. FAsTIGIATUM. Of similar dimensions, and with the 304 PITTONIA. same light-green herbage as the last, the root annual or bi- ennial, but never branched from the base, all the branches axillary to leaves of the stem above the base, and all ascend- ing or suberect: leaves 1 to 14 inches long, lance-linear, acute, strongly glandular-hirtellous; branches of the cyme more divergent and more regularly dichotomous: sepals hispidulous under a lens, not glandular, veinless: corolla much exceeding the calyx and the lobes of the petals not acute: capsule of about twice the length of the calyx or something more, rather strongly curved. Mountains of southern. New Mexico and perhaps adja- cent Arizona; my specimens being from the Pinos Altos Mountains, collected in 1880, and distributed for C. nutans. FivE New SPECIES OF RUMEX. “R. enaCILIPES. Tall and rather slender, 3 or 4 feet high: leaves about 7 inches long and 3 in breadth, of elongated deltoid-ovate outline, sub-cordate at base, entire, acutish, plane, rather conspicuously feather-veined, the petioles very slender, a foot long: panicle a foot long or more, dense, leafless, or with one or two narrow leaves at base: pedicels filiform, 2 or 3 lines long, obscurely jointed at base: valves grainless, rather small, firm and opaque, 2 lines long, round- ovate, abruptly acute, rather finely and evenly reticulate, the margin erose. Moist meadows at the Pine Creek Hay Ranch, above Palisade, Nevada, collected by the writer, 25 July, 1896. Very well marked by its broad and short leaf-blades on very long and slender petioles. FIVE NEW SPECIES OF RUMEX. 305 “R. potyrruizus. Only sparingly leafy, rather slender, 2 or 3 feet high, the solitary stem from a rather superficially seated fascicle of several or many fleshy roots: leaves all of narrowly lanceolate or linear-lanceolate outline, mostly 6 to 8 inches long, on petioles of equal length or shorter, all plane or else somewhat crisped toward the base: panicle long-and loose but strict,more or less leafy-bracted: pedicels rather distinctly subclavate, jointed well above the base: valves thin, deltoid-ovate, venulose but scarcely much reticulate, the margins dentate. Species of dry land habitat mostly along the borders of aspen thickets, in southern Wyoming and adjacent Colo- : rado, distinguished from all other western species by its faseicle of numerous somewhat radiating roots seated near the surface of the ground. The specimens before me are those collected by myself near Sherman, Wyoming, July, '1893, and a very good fruiting one by Mr. Osterhout from Lone Pine Creek, Larimer Co., Colo.,22 Aug., 1900. In segregating his R. densiflorus Mr. Osterhout seems to have taken the present plant for the true R. occidentalis, but it is quite as distinet from that as is the other Rocky Mountain species; even more so. “R. PROcERUS. Very large, the stems often 6 or 8 feet high and the lowest leaves 14 feet long exclusive of the equally elongated petiole; the blade linear-lanceolate, sub- cordate, acutish, the margin inclined to be very full and wavy or plicate-undulate: panicle often 2 or 3 feet long, rather loose, or sometimes more dense, naked or leafy- bracted: pedicels 4 inch long, filiform below, abruptly thickened under the calyx, jointed below the middle; valves about 3 lines long and as broad, subcordate-orbicu- lar, very obtuse, thinnish and reddish in maturity, but 306 PITTONIA. rather strongly.retieulate, and the whole surface closely impressed-puncticulate. This is what has been called R. occidentalis in the western middle sections of California; a plant.by no means common there, and confined to wet, boggy depressions among the coast hills about San Francisco Bay and Monterey. It is an almost gigantic species and very early flowering ; ; being in mature fruit before the end of May. “R. conrinis. Stems as stout and foliage as large as in the last, the panicle ample, less elongated: leaves even more ample, commonly 6 inches wide toward the deeply subhastate-cordate base: pedicels slender, + to 4 inch long, jointed well above the base: valves suborbicular, with sub- truncate base, green and of thin texture, with a not ntuch raised but very distinctly and completely reticulated vena- tion, the margin more or less crenate or dentate toward the. base. Common in the lake region of northern Idaho, inhabit- ing wet meadows; fruiting in July and August. Leiberg, n. 562, and Heller, 3481, as these are represented in my herbarium. " R. FENESTRATUS. Stem not known; plant probably not as tall as inthe two last; the single radical leaf seen lanceo- late, plane, 6 inches long and subcordate, on a petiole of greater length; pedicels slender, the articulation not obvi- ous: valves large, thin and translucent, commonly, much reddened in maturity, of acutish deltoid-ovate outline, but longer than broad, conspicuously and variously reticulate, and, as seen from within, exhibiting a minute but very dis- tinct favose secondary (or primary?) reticulation. Near Comax, Vancouver Island, 23 June, 1893, John Macoun; n. 1570 of Canad. Geol. Survey. CORRECTIONS IN NOMENCLATURE.—IV. 307 ' CORRECTIONS IN NOMENCLATURE.—IlV. TRIFOLIUM PETEJEUM will be a suitable name for Mr. Rydberg's T. lilacinum, Bull. 'Torr. Club, xxviii. 37 (1901), which is invalidated by T. lilacinum, Greene, Proc. Philad. Acad. for 1895, p. 547 (1896). VCARDAMINE INFAUSTA. C. cardiophylla, Rydb. |. c. 280 (1901), in conflict with C. cardiophylla, Greene, Fl. Fr. 266 (1891.) " VIOLA OREOPHILA is a name offered instead of the V. monticola of Rydb. Fl. Mont. 264, there being a V. monticola, Jordan, Obs. ii’ 37 (1846). - Y SENECIO ANACLETUS. ©. Toluccanus var. ‘microdontus, Gray, Syn. Fl. i, part 2, p. 388 (1884). This elegant sub- alpine Senecio, of frequent occurrence from Colorado south- ward into Mexico, has already been recognized as a species by Mr. Heller, according to whom it is to be called S. micro- dontus. But that can not be. There is an S. microdontus of ‘Madagascar, published by Baker in 1881, not to speak of a still earlier employment of that adjective by Weddell, for a South American member of the genus. STUDIES IN THE CRUCIFERJE.—IV. 1. New Species of LESQUERELLA. L. prurnosa. Perennial, the crown of the root not branched, supporting a single tuft of leaves with decum- bent scapiform peduncles in their axils: blade of the leaf 308 PITTONIA. an inch long or more, as broad as long, mostly indefinitely quadrate rather than rounded, otherwise of more rounded outline and repand-toothed, pale (but not silvery), with' a minute and not dense stellate-lepidote indument; petioles about twice the length of the blades and, together with the peduncles, purplish, pruinose with small and not closely contiguous stellate scales: peduncles and short racemes not greatly surpassing the foliage even in fruit, leafy below with obovate entire petiolate leaves or bracts: flowers small for the plant, sulphur-yellow: fruiting pedicels ascending: pods oval, glabrous, 3 lines lohg or more, surmounted by a style nearly as long. Known in but a single but very excellent specimen obtained by Mr. C. F. Baker, at Pagosa Springs, Colorado, 21 July, 1899. . L. ovata. Perennial, the caudex multicipitous, its branches bearing tufted leaves and several short leafy- bracted rather few-flowered peduncles, the whole plant, petals and pods excepted, white with a very dense stellate- lepidote indument: blades of lower leaves round-ovate to oval, acutish, entire, firm, about 1 inch long, on petioles as long; scapes erect, only 2 or 3 inches high, their bracts oblanceolate: pedicels of the short and subcorymbose fruit- ing raceme stout, ascending: pods glabrous, subglobose, sub- stipitate, about 3 lines in diameter, the style as long. Bluffs of the Arkansas, about Pueblo, Colorado, collected by the writer in May and June, 1873, in flower and fruit; also from Swallows’, above Pueblo, 1 June, 1901, C. F. Baker, n. 8. L. panvuta. Dwarf alpine multicipitous perennial, the branched lignescent and quite’ subterranean caudex 1} STUDIES IN THE CRUCIFERA.—IV. 309 inches high, the peduncles seldom 2 inches: leaves all nar- rowly linear, erect, an inch long, entire, silvery-stellate- lepidote, this indument more definitely stellate on the pedicels and small ovate pods: styles rather longer than the pods. Summit of Mt. Bross, Middle Park, Colorado, 29 July, 1876, H. N. Patterson; the specimens distributed under the name Vesicaria alpina, from which the species differs essen- tially in its mode of growth by strong lignescent subterra- nean caudex and its invariably long narrow foliage. In true L. alpina there is no such underground growth, and the lowest leaves are oblanceolate, or even broader. Itisa species of the Montana region, nowhere, I think, approach- ing even the borders of Colorado. L. DIVERSIFOLIA. Small and rather slender perennial, caudex simple or with 2 or 3 short branches: tufted leaves small, all on rather slender petioles longer than the blade, this from round-ovate to ovate-hastate, rhombic-ovate and ovate-lanceolate, seldom 3 inch long, both faces canescently lepidote: racemose peduncles 2 to 4 inches long, decum- bent or assurgent, floriferous at summit, below it conspicu- ously leafy-bracted, the bracts oblanceolate: calyx and ovaries lepidote; pods not seen. An exceedingly well marked species, as to habit, foliage, ete., distributed by Mr. Cusick (n. 2,304 of my set), from an altitude of 7,000 feet in the Wallowa Mts., eastern Oregon, 5 Aug., 1899. L. Noposa. Caudex mostly simple, elongated and with short fusiform nodes marking the growths of successive years; herbage silvery-lepidote even to the pods: leaves oblanceolate, acute, entire, of firm texture, $ to 13 inches 310 PITTONIA. long; racemose peduncles about 2 inches long; pedicels slender, spreading or deflexed, about .twice the length of the ovate pods, these about 2 lines long, little compressed, surmounted by a style 1 line long or more. Milk River, Assiniboia, 13 J uly, 1895, Mr. John Macoun; distributed (n. 10,313) as ZL. alpina, which it resembles only as to its pods, being by other characters extremely different. L. verstcotor. Evidently perennial, but root slender and branching and no true caudex manifest: basal leaves few and small, oval to oblanceolate on slender petioles, the blade entire or toothed; peduncles slend er, decumbent, often a foot long, oblanceolate leaves clothing the lower portion, the raceme in fruit long and lax; pubescence merely stellate and not dense: petals sulphur-yellow changing to pink: spreading pedicels slender, $ inch long; pods small, glo- bose, little more than a line in diameter, stellate-tomentose, . the slender style fully 2 lines long. Stony Mountain, Manitoba, 4 June, 1896, Mr. Macoun. The specimens were distributed (n. 12,401) for L. Ludovi- ciana, the podg being globose, and the pubescence stellate; but the plant is widely removed. from that species in habit, foliage, ete., much more nearly resembling certain species of the Mexican border in aspect, not to speak of the change- able color of the corolla, in which point, as well as in some others, it recalls L. purpurea. i .. L. Macountt. Perennial, the stout root surmounted by an ample rosette of foliage and several decumbent peduncles, ese 3 to 5 inches long and in fruit loosely racemose from ` toward the base: leaves canescently lepidote-stellate on both faces, 13 to 2 inches long, the stout petioles and oval STUDIES IN THE CRUCIFERJE.—IV. 311 to elliptical repand-dentate blades of about equal length: the recurved pedicels and also the pods stellate-tomentose, the latter globose, 13 lines in diameter, the style somewhat longer: petals pale-yellow. Collected by Mr. John Macoun, at Medicine Hat, Assini- boia, 9 Aug., 1895, and distributed (n. 10,308) as L. Ludovi- ciana, but resembling that species only as to fruit; in habit and foliage extremely different. L. Rosea. Very slender and small, the whole plant above ground barely 2 inches high, the foliage almost white with a dense but scarcely more than stellate indument, the slender peduncles, pedicels, calyx and pods more sparsely stellate: caudex very short, simple in younger plants, per- haps branched in older ones: basal leaves with short ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute entire blade shorter than the petiole, the whole leaf seldom 4 inch long: peduncles with a a few oblanceolate sessile leaves and a short few-flowered raceme: petals well exceeding the sepals, rose-purple: globose pods less than a line broad, the slender style rather longer. Old Wives’ Creek, Assiniboia, 2 June, 1895, Mr. Macoun (n. 10,509). The smallest species of the gents. 2. Miscellaneous New Species. THYSANOCARPUS AFFINIS. Very erect, 1 to 14 feet high, simple below, parted above the middle into several suberect racemose branches; herbage glabrous, glaucous: lowest leaves not seen, the larger cauline 3 inches long, of narrow- lanceolate outline, with several pairs of very prominent sub- ulate or often falcate-incurved teeth, the base slightly auri- cled, those of the flowering branches lance-linear, very saliently denticulate: petals very small, not exceeding the 312 PITTONIA. sepals, but stamens well exserted: silicles of strongly pyri- form outline, small, unevenly crenate, never perforate, the scarious margin very narrow or obsolete, the whole body of silicle hirtellous. Santa Catalina Island, California, March, 1901, Blanche Trask. The species has the foliage of T. ramosus of the same island and of others of the group, but in mode of growth this plant is at the opposite extreme, while the char- ters of the pods are very distinctive. LEPIDIUM GLAUCUM. Winter annual, erect, 3 to 6 inches high, fastigiately branched from below the middle of the stem, each branch ending in a slender raceme; herbage very glaucous, glabrous except as to pinnate basal leaves, these minutely pubescent, their rather remote pinnæ incised: flowers very small, both calyx and corolla white; stamens apparently 4: pods nearly orbicular, about $ line broad emarginate, not margined, glabrous and obscurely lineolate, their slender ascending pedicels about 14 or 2 lines long. In clayey soil about Mesilla Park, New Mexico, March, 1900, Theo. D. H. Cockerell. DRABA ALBERTINA. Apparently annual or biennial, the tuft of radical leaves single, surmounting a slender tap- root; flowering stems, many and of equal length, 3 to 6 inches high, loosely racemose from near the base and naked or with a single oblong entire leaf near the base: crowded basal leaves less than an inch long, spatulate-linear or -oblong, entire very sparingly beset with short, simple or forked hairs or even wholly glabrous except as to the setose- ciliate margin: base of stems with scattered simple hairs, inflorescence glabrous: pods elliptic-oblong, seldom } inch long, on ascending pedicels of about equal length or longer: style none. STUDIES IN THE CRUCIFERZ.—IV. 313 Crow's Nest Pass, Alberta, August, 1897, Mr. John Macoun, being n. 18,122 of the Canadian Geol. Surv. collection. Also in flower only (showing pale-yellow flowers, with glabrous calyx), by the same, from Elbow River, in the same region, n. 18,123; both distributed as “D. stenoloba," an Alaskan perennial to which such plants as these sustain no near affinity. DRABA DICTYOTA. Annual,a foot high, rather freely branch- ing from near the base, the branches ascending, lowest leaves oblong-lanceolate, an inch long or more, nearly or quite entire, pubescent on both faces with loose dendritic rather than stellate hairs, the cauline 5 or 6, lanceolate, serrate- toothed: leafy portion of stem villous with simple hairs and also minutely stellate, the rachis of the long loose raceme glabrous: flowers small, pale-yellow, the green sepals glab- rous; petals obcordate-notched: pods about 4 lines long, narrowly oblong, glabrous, notably reticulate-venlose, the stigma nearly sessile. At Calgary, Alberta, 7 June, 1897, Mr. John Macoun, n. 18,132 of Canad. Surv. Species akin to D. nemorosa, but with a branching habit, elongated leaves, and pods marked by a prominent reticulation of long narrow meshes. DRABA oLIGANTHA. Perennial, slender, the subscapiform flowering stems 2 to 6 inches high: leaves mostly rosulate, 1 inch long or less, spatulate-oblong, rather thin, 1-nerved, entire, loosely pubescent with subsessile cruciform hairs, the 1 or 2 sessile cauline leaves oblong-lanceolate, occasionally toothed: flowers commonly 2 or3, rarely 5 or 6, sometimes 1 only, white, the calyx glabrous, the rather long petals retuse or emarginate: pods } inch long, very narrow, taper- ing gradually from the middle and slighty falcate, glabrous, their spreading pedicels 3 inch long. 314 PITTONIA. This exceedingly well marked perennial Draba is from the Alaska seaboard, and has been collected, in so far as I can discover, only by F. Funston, who obtained the speci- mens at Disenchantment Bay, 9 Aug. 1892. They were distributed for D. stenoloba, and the pods are even narrower than in that species; but the true D. stenoloba is a very different plant. THELYPODIUM RHOMBOIDEUM. Biennial, very stout, a yard high or more, deep-green and glabrous, the stem sol- itary, corymbose-panicled at summit: basal leaves 4 to 10 inches long, short-petiolate, broad and of rhombic-lanceo- late outline, obtuse, entire, those of the flowering branches only 2 inches long, linear, acute: flowers in short dense racemes, these in fruit lengthening to 5 or 6 inches, the erect sepals and more than twice longer spatulate-linear petals dull flesh-color or white: pods short for the plant, only. an inch long, few-seeded and rather long-stipitate. Collected by the writer,in the West Humboldt Mountains, Nevada, July, 1894, and allowed to pass for T. integrifolium, until now, when itis seen to be very distinct by its large rhombic-lanceolate leaves, elongated inflorescence, short few-seeded pods, ete. ` THELYPODIUM AFFINE. Allied to the last, quite as large and stout, glabrous, glaucescent: radical leaves 5 to 10 inches long, spatulate-lanceolate, obtuse, denticulate, the blade decurvent as a narrow wing to near the base of the rather elongated petiole: stout corymbose panicle of few branches and nearly naked: flowering racemes dense, 1 to 1} inches long, ? inch broad; sepals ascending, the spatulate petals twice as long: mature pods not seen, but young fruit- NEW SPECIES OF LACINIARIA. 315 ing racemes elongated and lax, and growing ovaries notably stipitate. Described from specimens obtained by the writer in the mountains near Tehachapi, California, 22 June, 1889. It has also been permitted to pass for T. integrifolium, though seen to be remarkably distinct when compared with the original of that species, which is from the remote interior, toward the sources of the Columbia River. New SPECIES OF LACINIARIA. ^L. virrata. Stem 2 feet high, from a narrow fibrous- coated tuberous root; herbage glabrous: leaves nearly all from below midway of the stem, lance-linear, ascending or suberect, the longest nearly a foot long, plane, the lowest and broadest channelled beneath between each pair of the five prominent elevated parallel veins: spike 4 to 7 inches long, on an almost naked (merely small-bracted) peduncle: heads subeylindric, only about 4 lines long, crowded; bracts of involuere about 20 and closely imbricated, oval to oblong or obovate-oblong, 5-7-striate up to near the rounded nar- rowly scarious-margined and erose-ciliolate tips: flowers 5 to 7: achenes hirsutulous; pappus subplumose.. Near Biloxi, Mississippi, 19 Sept., 1898, S. M. Tracy (n. 6350 of my set of Tracy's plants) This was distributed, by my advice, as L. spicata; but it is a most distinct species, allied to the northern L. pycnostachya. It is remarkable for its long ribbon-like glabrous channelled foliage. Y L. SEROTINA. Rather slender, 2 feet high or less, the stem hirsute or almost tomentose with white more or less 316 PITTONIA. curled hairs: lowest leaves few, narrowly lanceolate, petio- late, prominently 5-nerved, the lower cauline linear, 2 inches long, gradually diminishing to a series of subulate linear short bracts, all glabrous except a few scattered hairs on the lower face and chiefly along the midvein: spike loose: inyolucres cylindrical, 5-flowered, their bracts about 10 or 12, the lowest ovate, ciliate, the inner ones oblong, glabrous, 1-nerved, acutish and with little marginal scari- ousness: achenes pubescent with short appressed hairs; pappus barbellulate. In low pine barrens at Covington, Louisiana, collected 8 Nov., 1885, by the late Rev. Fr. Langlois. Remarkable for its late flowering. The corms are destitute of the fibrous coating seen in those of other species. v L. Earner. Rigidly erect, stoutish, 2 feet high or more, leafy to below the middle, thence narrowly and strictly race- mose, the small campanulate heads 50 or more, herbage glab- rous except for a few bristly marginal hairs at bases of some leaves, lightly punctate: leaves narrowly lanceolate and linear, rigid, spreading, or the larger lower ones ascend- ing: heads about 4 inch high, on pedicels as long or longer; bracts many, appressed, with rounded not scarious but pur- ple-margined and somewhat ciliolate tips: achenes rather strongly hirsute; pappus barbellate or subplumose. Near Auburn, Ala., Sept, 1896, F. S. Earle. Certainly allied to L. scariosa, and remarkable for its small and very numerous heads forming a long strict raceme. “L. ELEGANTULA. Very slender, 1 to 2 feet higb, leafy toward the base, bracteate from below the middle, loosely subspicate or racemose toward the summit: leaves narrowly lanceolate and with a broad petiole, the whole 3 to 6 inches NEW SPECIES OF LACINIARIA. 317 long, faintly punctate, glabrous except as to the woolly-cil- iate petioles and some hirsute pubescence on the midvein beneath; bracts linear, ciliate, the lowest more than an inch long, the upper half as long: heads 6 to 12, sessile or ped- icellate, turbinate, small; bracts few, appressed, with rounded obovate narrowly scarious-margined more or less ciliolate glabrous and strongly punctate tips: achenes small, strongly hirsutulous along the ribs; pappus fine; barbellu- late-scabrous. A slender and very elegant species allied to L. scariosa, found near Auburn, Alabama, by Prof. F. S. Earle, Oct. 18, 1896. L. wERVATA. Stems 1} to 2 feet high, leafy and leafy- bracted to the summit, with 3 to 10 subcylindric and sub- sessile heads in the axils of the uppermost bracts; herbage deep-green, scarcely punctate, seeming glabrous, a lens dis- closing some short bristly hairs along the stem and on the leaves beneath: leaves linear, or the lower narrowly lance- linear, these often 8 or 10 inches long, with very prominent white midvein, 2 to 4 smaller but still prominent veins intervening between that and the callous margins, the upper leaves and bracts small, linear, 1-nerved: subcylindric heads subtended by several lanceolate strongly ciliate bracts, the proper bracts or scales of the involucre few, green, in no degree scarious or ciliate, their broadly ovate tips cuspidately acute, not striate: pappus not strongly plumose, though more than subplumose. Monteer, Missouri, 2 Aug., 1889, B. F. Bush, distr. as L. cylindrica (n. 221). Said to grow in woods. L. scABRA. Stems stoutish, 2 feet high, loosely and rather slenderly spicate from above the middle, below 318 PITTONIA. striate-angled and retrorsely scabro-pubescent: lower leaves 4 to 6 inches long including the short petiole, the blade oblong-lanceolate, punctate and scaberulous above, retrorsely scabrous beneath, the smaller and more copious middle leaves narow-lanceolate, sessile, scabrous as the others, and marginally strongly so: short-campanulate subsessile heads i to i inch long, their bracts rather few, densly scabrous, not punctate, their broad rounded tips encircled by a narrow entire ciliolate scarious margin: style-branches very long and slender: pappus subplumose. Pine Hills, Illinois, 23 Sept., 1890, F. S. Earle. “L. ASPERA. Liatris aspera, Michx. Fl. ii. 92. Stoutish, 2 feet high, loosely spicate from about the middle: lowest leaves narrowly lanceolate, 4 to 6 inches long including the petiole, those above somewhat crowded, narrowly spatulate- lanceolate, obtuse, 2 or 3 inches long, all punctate and scab- rous, the stem tomentulose-pubescent: heads 12 to 20, subsessile, subeampanulate, 3 to $ inch high, their bracts glabrous, with rounded green and deeply punctate herbace- ous tip which is more or less spreading, and encircled by a thin erose-dentate purple scarious margin: pappus sub- plumose. Prairies of Illinois to Kansas and northward. I am not able to understand upon what principle a plant so well marked as this could be confused, as it has been, with L. scariosa. NEW or NOTEWORTHY Sprcirs.—X XIX. ‘PENTSTEMON BAKERI. A large-flowered subalpine dwarf, the tallest plants barely 6 inches high, others less than half as large, the stoutish decumbent stems leafy at base and NEW OR NOTEWORTHY SPECIES.—XXIX. 319 subracemose from the middle, leaves oblong or obovate- oblong, 1 or 2 inches long, tapering to a petiole, obtuse, entire, rather firm in texture, glabrous, sparsely punc- tate, inflorescence glandular-puberulent: racemes of from 3 to 5 large flowers: sepals large, obovate, cuspidately acute, the margins scarious and lacerate-toothed: corolla red- purple, more than an inch long, with subcylindric tube and throat and not very strongly bilabiate limb, its lobes obovate- oblong: sterile filament hirtellous at and near the summit. At 11,500 feet in the mountains about Pagosa Peak, southern Colorado, 6 Aug., 1899, C. F. Baker. ^ ERIGERON sETULOSUS. Near E. pumilus and no larger but more pronouncedly multicipitous, with well developed and subligneous branched caudex, the branches notably leafy up to within an inch of the solitary head: leaves narrowly spatulate-lanceolate and canescent throughout, like the stem and peduneles, with short spreading stiff bristly hairs: bracts of the involucre sparingly setose-hispid; rays pur- plish or white: outer pappus conspicuous, of broadly linear and well elongated pales incisely toothed at summit. Obtained at Aztec, New Mexico, 28 April, 1899, by C. F. Baker, and inadvertently referred by me, in Baker's distri- bution, to E. concinnus, from which it is now seen to be most distinct, being much more like E. pumilus as to size, and the monocephalous character of the’ branches, while by its distinet subligneous caudex it is equally remote from both these its allies. /ERr0GoNUM ARCUATUM. Near E. flavum, about as large, more extensively cxspitose, forming broad matted tufts: leaves oval, obtuse, an inch long or less, abruptly tapering to a rather slender petiole about as long, white-tomentose 320 PITTONIA. beneath, pale-green and thinly tomentellous above: seapi- form peduncles 6 inches high, bearing a single large sessile involuere and a pair of long-peduncled ones arising from its base, these opposite each other and curving upwards to the length of 14 to 2 inches: involucres turbinate, nearly $ inch high, silky-tomentose: perianths yellow, very sparsely silky-villous: stamens long-exserted. On hillsides about Pagosa Springs, Colorado, 17 July, 1899. C. F. Baker. "ERIOGONUM ANSERINUM. Near E. dichotomum and with quite similar white-tomentose foliage with slender twisted petioles; mode of growth the same, the inflorescence very different, being narrow and fastigiate, the involucres nar- row and few-flowered: perianths greenish-yellow, smaller than E. dichotomum, not as:broad at base, the outer seg- ments retuse. On hills about Goose Lake, Modoc Co., California, 27 June, 1895, Mrs. R. M. Austin. NEW SPECIES OF MONARDELLA. 921 NEw SPECIES OF MONARDELLA v M. Mopocensts. Perennial but scarcely suffrutescent, the several stems arising from an almost horizontal slender and not very ligneous rootstock, and seldom a foot high, purple, delicately puberulent: leaves rather dull-green but glabrous, ovate-lanceolate, entire, obtuse, an inch long or somewhat more, including the distinct short petiole, closely punctate below, not so above: heads 1 inch broad, the purple bracts from round-ovate and acute to oval and obtusish, puberu- lent, the margin short-ciliate: body of the calyx hirtellous, the short teeth stiffly hirsute: corollas red-purple. Rather common in the mountain districts of northern California; here described frem specimens taken by Mr. Milo S. Baker in Modoe Co., 1893. It was distributed by myself, from near Yreka in 1876, under n. 910, and Mr. Sonne obtained it near Verdi, Nevada. ^ M. etavca. Stems many, 8 or 10 inches high, rather crowded on the short stout decumbent woody branches of the caudex: leaves oblong and oblong-lanceolate, entire, obtuse, only obscurely-nerved, glaucous (also very obscurely puberulent under a strong lens), copiously dotted, about $ inch long (the internodes scarcely longer), subsessile, the red-purple stems more distinctly puberulent: heads an inch broad: bracts long and narrow for the genus, vary- ing from oblong-ovate to narrow-obovate, the veins almost parallel, the whole surface equally somewhat scabro-puberu- lent, the margin not strongly ciliate: short calyx-teeth not hirsute, scarcely more strigillose than the nerves below: corollas lilac-purple. : PrrTONIA, Vol IV. Pages 321, 322. Issued Nov. 7, 1901. 3292 PITTONIA. Deserts of eastern Oregon, W. C. Cusick, 21 June, 1898; distributed under n. 1956, for M. adoratissima, but very different, representing a strongly marked new species. ⁄ M. nervosa. Stems fewer from the stout woody base, taller, usually 12 to 18 inches high: leaves ovate- and oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, entire, prominently veiny beneath, plane above, about $ inch long, notably shorter than the internodes, hoary-tomentulose on both faces but most so beneath, only sparsely punctate: heads about 1 inch broad; braets ovate-oblong, villous-tomentose and strongly woolly-ciliate: body of the calyx nearly glabrous, the teeth strongly villous-hirsute: corollas white. Distributed by Sandberg & Leiberg from the arid region of eastern Washington in 1893, under the name of M. adoratissima, which is a plant of quite other characters. INDEX. New genera and species in bold-face type; synonyms in italics. Abdra brachycarpa, 207 Abena, 103 Abesina, 104 Abronia ammophila, 226 arenaria, 226 Achomanes membranaceum, 104 Agoseris monticola, 37 glauca, 37 Aldenella tenuifolia, 212 Alisma brevipes, 158 Allocarya cognata, 235 orthocarpa, 235 Amelanchier 149 ipei apu m 149, 150 Anecio, 103 Anemone pusilla, 49 Antennaria ee 83 aprica as a 83, 281 borealis, 85 284 Venta 283 propinqua, 83 rosea, 81 solitaria, 281 sordida, 81 Arabis Albertina, 196 2 ula eremophila, 194 Fendleri, 194 formosa, 198 gracilenta, 194 gracilipes, 193 ii Arabis— Continued. m ce") e e p a un Ez £ i e m1 retrofracta, 188 rhodantha, 189 secunda, 189 subpinnatifida, 191 Aragalus caudatus, 69 Richardsonii, 69 Argemone platyceras, 68 uinea, squarrosa, 68 Arnica alpina, 167 arnoglossa, 166 attenuata, 170 betoniczefolia, 163 ea, 159 diversifolia, 171 fulgens, 36, 37 grandifolia, 172 lonchophylla, 164 macilenta, 161 INDEX. Arnica—Con tinued. com mutatus, 217 sus, 222 majusculus, 215 Menziesii, 223 Nelsonii, 219 oxylepis, 223 panieulatus, 224 violaceus, 213 Atalanta serrulata, 210 Aquilegia elegantula, 14 Bidens amplissima, 268 Bidens— Continued. Beckii, 270 elites 268 cernua, 251 SRE 2 Kelloggii, 267 , 262 leptomeria, 264 leptopoda, 260 262 ineliagive ila. 258 ryi, 265 ' persiczefolia, 266 platycephala, 261 prionophylla, 256 ripari 1 Blairia nodiflora, 47 Brickellia oblongifolia, 125 oliganthes, 125 Ozsalpinus, mad genus Bide Caltha biflora, 74, 75 chelidonii, 78 of the INDEX. Caltha— Continued. leptosepala, 77 nr ore 77 malva of rotundifolia, 80 Campanula aurita, 39 Wilkinsiana, 38 Cannabina, 243 Oardamine Breweri, 201, 202 cardiophylla, 307 foliacea, 201 hederzfolia, 202 infausta, Modocensis, 203 orbicularis, 202 Carsonia sparsifolia, 212 Caryophyllata Camtschatica, 49 Cassia 4Eschinomene, 32 depressa, diphylla, 28 flexuosa, 27 glandulosa, 29 hecatophylla, 32 lanceolata, 31 lineata, 31 mimosoides, 27 ii lv INDEX. Cassia— Continued. Cham:eerista— Continued. nigricans, 3 brevifolia, 30 patellaria, 32 brevipes, 31 Persoonii, 31 calycioides, 32 osa, 28 capensis, 30 mb 8 chamecristoides, 29 rotundifolia, 31 cuneata, 31 rpens, 29 depressa, 29 virgata, 31 diphylla, 28 Castilleia d 27 ORA andulosa, sedie : hecatophylla, 32 confusa, 1 lineata, at Haydeni, 1 mimosoides, 27 linariefolia, 2 nictitans, 0 lineata, 151 np iata, 1 patellaria, 32 pallida, 1 avonis, 29 remota, Persoonii, 31 subinclusa, 2 pilosa, 2 plumosa, 27 Celome sparsifolia, 212 rocumbens, Cerastium rotundifolia, 31 adsurgens, 303 serpens, 29 angustatum, 300 stricta, campestre, 301 virgata, 31 confertum, 302 Cheiranthus maires 303 Arius, Un sí T 200 Bakeri, 235 oreophilum, 297 Chenopodium patulum, 302 spinosum, 225 scopulorum, 298 visis see nnei, Bakeri, 153 vestitum, 301 hirsutissima, 153 Chzenactis hispida, macrantha, 98 ca hevcWhatk: 154 pedicularia, 98 Chrysothamnus Xantiana, Arizonicus, 42 Cham:ecrista Bakeri, w Æschinomene, 32 formosus, 4 angustissima, 30 cade ran iat 42 bifoliolata, 31 Greenei, 153 Chrysothamnus— Continued. latisquameus, 4 Plattensis, 42 Clematis inornata, 16, 212 lutea, 210 platycarpa, 211 serrulata, sparsifolia, 212 tenuifolia, 212 Coleosanthus abbreviatus, 125 polyanthemus, 126 Conoclinium venulosum, 273 Coreopsis angustata, 239 Bidens, 244 nepetzefolia, 48 INDEX. Cyrtorhynca neglecta, 146 Dieteria divaricata, 23 verulenta, 23 viscosa, 22 Draba Albertina, 312 brachycarpa, 207 Caroliniana, 204 luteola, anemonoides, 49 pentapetala, 49 Echinospermum Gormani, 156 vi Erigeron— Continued. purpuratus, 155 setulosus, 319 Eriogonum anserinum, 320 arcuatum, 319 dichotomum, 320 flavum, 319 Erophila verna, 204 Eucephalus formosus, 156 glaucus, 157 Macounii, 70 Eupatorium abo m, 27 ageratoides, 275, 278 _— a ed cum cence, i, 279 cannabinum, 243 ceanothifolium, 275 . cordatum, 275 eurybizefolium, 275 Fraseri, 275 nemorale, 278 odoratum, 275 T urticzefolium, 275 viburnifolium, 276 MU 182 INDEX. Gerardia decemloba, 5 tenuifolia, 52, 101 Geum anemonoides, 49 Auckiandieum, 225 ciliatum, 5 rakik Tolia, 50 scopulorum, 148 sericeum, 50, 225 strictum, 148 plantaginifolium, 280 yia Brandegei, 225 polygaloides, 225 Greggia camporum, 225 linearifolia, 225 Grimaldia, 26 Grindelia oxylepis, 42 stylosa, 51 subincisa, 154 Gutierrezia Californica, 58 linearifolia, 58 longifolia, 54 Gutierrezia— Continued. lucida, 55 microcephala, 54, 55 serotina, Um 57 tenu stein corymbosum, 54 Halerpestes cymbalaria, 208 salsuginosa, 208 tridentata, 208 Hedysarum marginatum, 138 Helianthus levis, name should be ignored, 263 Hieracium campestris, 37 Morssii, 38 Lantana, 46 Lappula cenchroides, 96 collina, 96 desertorum, 95 Fremontii, 96 Lappula— Continued. heterosperma,'94 montana, occidentalis, 97 alpina Aere: 309 Ludoviciana, 310 Macounii, 310 Leucelene alsinoides, 99 Liatris aspera, 318 Lippia betulxfolia, 48 cans, 91 angustifoliqu, 91, 92 ciliolatum, 92 oblongum, 92 noi greca 136 Bakeri, viii Lupinus— Continued. Maecen Parthenium, 99 Pattersonii, 72 pruinosa, 157 pulveruienta, 23 rigida, subalpina, 23 tagetina, 71 tephrodes, 24 Bakeri, 90 brachyloba, 90 ciliata, 86 Fendleri, 86 oblongifolia, 90 paniculata, 86 pilosa, 88 platyphylla, 89 polyphylla, 87 INDEX. Mertensia—Continued, pratensis, 86 punctata, 88 Sibirica, 89 stomatechioides, 86 strigosa, 88 subcordata, 89 Monardelia Modocensis, 321 lauca nervosa, 322 Necker, genius of, and peculiar terminology, 103 Nerisyrenia camporum, 225 linearifolia, 225 CEtosis elongata, 106 ata, 106 Soetersfolia, 106 Onopteris, 107 Oreastrum elatum, 224 Oreocarya Bakeri, 92 lutescens, 93 Oreostemma alpigenum, 224 Andersonii, 224 Orthocarpus es 101 imbricat 01 vnica 101 Ozytropis splendens, 69 Pentstemon Bakeri, 318 Peritoma aureum, 210 inornatum, 210 luteum, 210 serrulatum, 210 Petrocallis Pyrenaica, 204 Phacelia frigida, 39 hyla ` betulæfolia, 48 canescens, 48 Chinensis, 47 cuneifolia, 47 Phyllitis lineata, 106 Physalis polyphylla, 150 Virginiana, 151 Piarimula Chinensis, 47 Platonia nudiflora, 47 Polanisia tenuifolia, 212 Polemonium luteum, 100 Pyrus occidentalis, 131 Ranunculus acriformis, 16 cardiophyllus, 144 Earlei, 15 eremogenes, 144 INDEX. Ranunculus—Continued. Eschschotzii, 15 fasdicularis, 144, 145 hispidus, 145 ocreatus, 15 trifoliatus, 144 unguiculatus, 142 vicinalis, 145 Ribes amictum, 35 aridum, 35 cruentum, 35 Rosa Arkansana, 13, 14 blanda, 13 Macounii, 10 manca, 11 melina, 10 pratincola, 13 amplectens, 177 bicolor, 179, 180 divergens, 177 x INDEX. Scolopendrium, 107 Senecio—Continued. Seneci werneriefolius, 110 io amplectens, 119 Sieversia and Clematis, 50 anacletus Bigelowii, 117, 118 Sieversia and Pulsatilla, 48 blitoides, 123 Sieversia candidissimus, 110 anemonoides, 49 canus, 111 ciliata, 50 carthamoides, 122 glacialis, 48 cernuus, 118 pentapetala, 48 ehloranthus, 118 x Rossii, 48 cognatus, 114 Saag 50 compactus, 226 sericea crocatus, 114 triflora, densus, 226 base 50 dimorphophyllus, 109 Silphium Fendleri, 112 F flavulus, 108 iiic e Fremontii, 122 ———— Howellii, 111 sc ee aa 43 Holmii,120 incisum, 45 imbricatus, 117 Simpsonii, 44 invenustus, 124 trifoliatum, 43 lactucinus, 121 Sisyrinchium Laramiensis, 111 bell microdontus, 307 Bermudiana, 33 milleflorus, 116 demissu mutabilis, 113 halophilum, 34 occidentalis, 192 Langloisii, 32 ovinus, 11 littorale, 33 Palmeri, 111 montanum, 33 petrzus, 110, 116 xerophyllum, 32 petrocallis, 116 Solidago petrophilus, 116 aureola, 236 pudicus, 118 bellidifolia, 100 Californica, 70 Canadensis, 70 nana, 70 scalaris, a, scopulinus, 117 pruinosa, 70 seridophyllus, 121 Sorbus Soldanella, 119 Californica, 131 taraxacoides, 119, 120 dumosa, 129 Valerianella, 109 occidentalis, 131 Wardii, 116 scopulina, 130 Sorbus— Continued, subvestita, 130 Streptanthus arcuatus, 192 Swertia occidentalis, 184 ovalifolia, 185 perennis, 184 scopulina, 184 Taraxacum ammophilum, 233 erythrospermum, 227, 233 lacerum, latilobum, 231 Thalictrum fissum, 233 Thelypodium tum, 20 integrifolium, 20, 314 rhomboideum, 314 simplex, 200 Thermopsis pinetorum, 138 Thysanocarpus affinis, 311 filipes, 200 Townsendia Bakeri, 157 Treleasea pumila, 225 Trifolium anemophilum, 137 attenuatum, 137 dasyphyllum, 137, 138 lilacinum, nemorale, 136 petreum, 307 Vanclevea stylosa, 81 INDEX. Verbena bracteosa, 152 confinis, 152 nodiflora, 46 rudis, 152 Vesicaria alpina, 309 Viola Albertina, 288 alsophila, 7 na, 7 Andersonii, 287 arvensis, bellidifolia, 292 clandestina, 8 elegantula, 66 emarginata, 142 ra Tllinoensis, 293 insignis, 9 Labradorica, 290 Mistassinica, 5 o allis, 288 oreophila, 307 xi xii Viola— Continued. retroscabra, 290 etusa, rotundifolia, 8 sarmentosa, sempervirens, 8 septemloba, septentrionalis, 294 subcordata, 286 subsinuata, 5 subviscosa, 293 a venustula, 295 vicinalis, Watsonii, 5 Vittaria elongata, 106 isoetifolia, 106 lineata, 106 INDEX. Vittaria— Continued. zosterzfolia, 106 Walter, author of nomina seminuda, 263 Xamacrista, 26 Xanthium, species by Rafinesque and by Wall- roth, 59 Xanthium acerosum, 63 affine, 60 Californicum, 62 palustre, 63 silphiifolium, 60 strumarium, 58 Merge 59 Za smelt 47 lanceolata, 47 nodiflora, 47 Zebrina pumila, 225 Zygadenus gracilentus, 241 longus, ERRATA. $ Page 43, line 20, for when, read where. * 160, '* 7, for nearly, read merely. 161, “ 17, for Waksatch, read Wahsatch. 167, ‘* 14, for less., read Less.