ORR a anet agen a } COUN ! Fe gts i 4 rane | : en American Bern Dournal A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS Published by the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY Editors R.C. BENEDICT E. J. WINSLOW C. A. WEATHERBY VOLUME VII ~ © ye afr ee C AUBURNDALE, MASSACHUSETTS SR Se Nie ane ee hile? = as CONTENTS VoLuME 7, NuMBER 1, Pages 1-32, Issupp Marca 3 Revgames *. Dated or i ccna. aa. ee | E. J. Winslow Is Pellaea Aatclia age tinet Species? 0.05 sn. F. L. Pickett Piya sensibilis, feet obtusilobate. . ssid. 5.5 H.C. Ridion ilanba ge Bibliography ost as SG ae es aie oS Ferns of the La = Ciectes Forni BoE ea coef S. H. Burnham Rotes sy New Pee We PRG Le Pn Geet iy eet et ee Rr American Fern Rosiaty Se eeEE RT LE Cee Heeger caene VoLuME 7, NuMBER 2, Paces 33-66, Issuep May 5 New ie fa os iroih AMER ix ii oe es Ss C. Christensen Perms? Of JRNIBICS esa Ca ee Beaks ys E. P. Killip A a Station for Trichomanes Petersii......... . Graves Ferns of the eorge Flora—IV.......... S. H. Burnham INObES BNC. INOWE! ss cn soa ca ee Gs atl ie Pea a eae et American Fern Rockoky ed LIN PONE pie eae Ue ee ai Wien eee ee xperiences with a Fern Garden—I............. 7 Notes on Hip Pots 2 BDA cahaa Le ar ec Op aba Mae pe O. A. Farwell 73 Pellaea atropurpurea psn - glabella.. ee. F. K. Butters 7 The Male Fer oo ROLE hier rater tesa eae E. J. Winslow 87 INGtGn AN NOWHS vo iy pee ae cee at weet ok 90 American Fern. Béclety ks Senne Ge Ee ee a el he ee 96 VotumeE 7, NuMBER 4, Paces 99-130, Issunp Dec. 17 Fresh Pleasures from Old Fields................ H. E. Ransier 99 Notes on American Ferns—XI1................ W. R. Maxon 104 A New Notholaena frean the Southwest........ W. R. Maxon 106 bservations on the Habitat of Gotan Ferns. ..£. T. Wherry 110 Cheilanthes lanosa and Isoetes in Indiana........ . C. Deam 112 Experiences with a Fern Garden—II............ C. L. Gruber 114 Notes and’ NOWR iit eins ene es eat th ee ee tae 121 American Fern Society. 00.3565. 6065 cass oe ee ee SB Indes to Volume Tos5 55,0062) See ee ee y, Loe LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY REVISED TO FEB. 16, 1937 SUPPLEMENT TO AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOL. 7, NO. 3 List of Members of the American Fern Society Revised to Feb. 16, 1917 SuppLEMENT TO AMERICAN FERN JouRNAL, VoL. 7, No. 1 (* Charter Members; } Life Members; } Honorary Members) Aiken, Dr. Walter H., 1520 Aster ge Cmca, Ooo iss ka esas 1911 Allen, Dr. Eugene T., os 348 Euclid St., Washington, D. C............. 1911 Allen, Henry V. D., care of General hectic Co., Schnectady, N.Y: 6/1906 Allen, Miss Susan Jann ety CENORLOW, urd oes booms, x Naess 1907 Allen, Walter S., 224 State St., Flushing, N. Y.......-...0.... 00000 1917 Ames, Oakes, Ames Botanical esl hay Easton, Mass........ 190: Amidon, Dr. Royal Wells, Chaumont, Jefferson Co., N. Y.. Ghyses ee Anderson, Miss Mary L., Lambe ae N. sm “ipiasks ih Sei ear ialiela Bsa 1916 Angell, Miss Anne Sibley, = Walnut St., Brattieporo, Vtveisc. sek. to 1903 Armer, Mrs. Sidney, 1329 Arch St., Berkele OVS ROBM ies an ean ec sae 1915 Armstrong, Mrs "C. ‘2 Toles LN. ere Ga re ects ee ene wile Gals 1906 Atwood, Dr. Charles, 11 Church (2 MEGTAVIA, NG Ne ge ace ava 1912 Axt, Louis, 116 Richmond Ave., Port Ric Rina Dee ee ee 1907 Aye rs, Mrs. Geor ay Jest Bloomfield, NY). 1910 Bada, Dr. — ak BN Pacific Theological Seminary, Berkeley, Cal. 1901 Bancroft, Mrs. E. H., 164 Sterling Pisce, brooxivyn Ny Ye ee 1916 Barbour, William Clay, Barrington High School, Newark, N. J 1 Barnes, Franklin Augustus, P. O. Box 93, Bellona, Yates Co., N. Y.... 1914 Barnhart, Dr. John Hendley, N. Y. Botanical Garden, New York City 1911 t Barr, rage olmes, of OR GOL, Oh es ees ea 1915 Bartsch, Dr. Paul, Smithsonian rye ge Washington, D.C)... 50605 1911 Baxter, M. 8., 46 Bly St., Rochester, Rat se rabeg 8 Sag ar rae in Re ENE 1912 Benedict, Dr. Ralph Curtiss, 322 Kast 19th St., ny eg Tey pes 1905 Bigelow, Henry Clinton, 22 Glen St., New Br itain Tiga issell, Charles Humphrey, Serhan y RODD. ae oe AS eee ee 1897 a Black, Prof. John G., R. D. 19, Wooster, Ohio... .........+.010r+ 0+ 1913 Blake, Miss Louisa, 50 Wes ileapasess iaaucer’ ed ie eee 1 lake, Sidney Fay, Cmiecony ne PR OL fyi alae ae 1910 : Bonaparte, Prince Roland, 10 eects d’léna, Paris, France.......... 1911 oughton, Fred §., Pittsfo rd, De Suess hoc ke cede te ee as 1917 ragg, Miss Lau ra Ma: , Charleston Museum, Charleston, 8. C....... 1912 rainerd, Dr. ce Middlebur BV Bice t vox G Nis ec oeee ee 1911 ; er egee, Arthur L., 61 New Zouth 3t., Northampton, Mass.. .. 1916 2 y, Dr. William ie 1005 Harrison St., Syracuse, N. Y.. 1916 i. ct cokunrides: Prof. Lester Paige, 412 Hu umphrey St. ota Haven, Conn. 1915 reckenridge, Mrs. Lester Paige, 412 Humphre ven, Conn. 1915 | ristol, Miss B. Muriel, 33 Clarendon Road, oe Birmingham, Eng.1910 ristol, Cecil T., 33 Clarendon Road, Egbas ton, Birmingham, England.. 1910 —_ na Elizabeth Gertrude, 2965 Decatur Av ve., Ne w Yor k City.. 1911 r. Nathaniel Lord, N. Y. Bot iat Garden Rew York City.. 1911 cay ie William F. igh St., New Britain, Conn........ rown, Alexander W., 8 eed St., ar ee OE Sr 1915 rown, Miss Elizabeth Gilman, 1004 West St., ee rown, Stewardson, ane of Wetarar A ‘Philadelphia , Pa.... 1914 in, Herman, M. D., 63 West oe n Ave., Germantown, Pac. 914 surnh tewart Henry, BR Ne, 2, Higa Palle No Yoo 1897 sush, Benjamin Franklin, Coston 3 We oe 909 3 Campbell, Dr. Douglass Houghton, Stanford University, Cal.......... 1915 +Capp, Seth Bunker, P. O. Box 2054, Philadelphia, Pa................ 1915 Carhart, Macy, ney OR aN o cicsoahn pike wiceiis een Mae eens age hs 1915 Carpenter, Dana S., iddletown § Tings, Vt... ve eee seven eee ee 1915 Cheever, Dr. Austin Walter, 1531 Blué Hill ae Mattapan, Mass..... 1911 Child, Mrs. H. W., Hotel Bristol, Boston, bi) 1. MORE Paes See wee eaten ate 1915 hoate, Miss Alice D., 3739 W indsor Place, St. it pe et Ce eae r arora. et 8 tChristensen, Carl, Mag. Sci _, Botanical Museum, Gaveheees: Denmark 1915 lough, Mrs. Mabel Jessi PED River Ont ceils ripe etait s es *Clute, Prof. Willard Nelson, Joliet, I... ...........6.- 6. ceca ee ees 1893 Coffin, Mrs. Judith Hopkins, 120. State St., Newburyport, Mass....... 1896 Cole, Miss Lillian A., Unio nt Mati ee ae ai ae ie ana ate 1916 Cooper, Mrs. James E., 115 Vine St, New Dotan: Coping ooo s ee 1916 Cordley, Mrs. H. G., 79 Ridgewood ‘Ave., Glen Ridg Be, ji an ee A vere e 1916 Corne, Miss F. E., 12 Ash St. Place, Cambridge, WinBES eke ese ie 1912 Co ctotagg Alex ander, Valleyfield, Penicuik, Midlothian, “Scotland igre Ngee? 1914 , Miss Alice Ev es yt rd St. , South Bosto mee Oh doe Darling, Miss Nancy, yah eee ‘0. oodsto seaph Davenport, Mrs. El ca oe Braxton, 45 Green St., Bratlebow, Vt..... 1901 Davis, nee John, = North 7th St., Hannibal, Pos eee Davis, William T,; 146 Stuyvesant Place, New ight: Nova 1911 Dawson, Miss Una G., 97 Mountfort St., Boston, Mass............... 1915 Deam, Charles Clemon, Bluffton, bers Bree BAe ere ayer cae 2! 7" Deane, Walter, 29 Brewster St., Cambridge, Mass.. espe aaa es DADE Demetrio, Rev. mma, Saline CS AON eae pie wis clare tae ae, 1900 Dodge, Charles Keene, 2805 Ciratiot Ave., Port Huron, Mich.. .. 1893 Dodge, Raynal, Newburyport, Mas - ipl has Sad aie pokey yaa 1911 Dowell, Dr. Phi lip, Port 1 Raion Ne bd ance ie tee nes 6 Druery, Chas. T., F.L.S., V.M.H., 11 Shaa ib ae Acton, London, W.,Eng. 1900 191 Dunlop, William Robert, Fayetteville, N PUA Se oe ca ena 915 Dunton, Miss Nellie Frances, 14 Green St., Bath, Me................ 1914 Durand, Dr. Elias Judah, "Uniecraity 2 Missouri, Coinabis MO ls ees 1911 Eggleston, Willard Webster, U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 1911 Spumnons, bowin Lbay ies, Geneva, Ne Nee se ea pe ke wire ee 5 Ryne, J, Grant Orchards, Wash. is 255.9 ass oe Vek ees ee 1916 Farwell, fang Atkins, 101 Smith Ave. a Detroity Mich... aks 2s ee tobe Fellows, Dr. Dana Willis, - 55 Congress St., Portland, Mec 18 Faves ’ James ig WOU, Eas a ae ae a ee wer es 1901 Fisher, Prof. George i Ue 08 Euclid Ave., Houston, Texas............. 1906 Fitapatzick, PPO Id DeLRANY, he cee es oes a Aes ey 1911 ry, Mrs. Mary, 608 D Shp earyeyiltes (Al Sk ae 1915 Flett, Ki I B., Ashford, Longmire Spring ge: WN, ou ei as eat 1899 ay Fred Gillan, 325 Park St., We oe Ro xbitry, MGM eas oc eyes 1897 rs. Nellie +r; 251 South Willard Sts Burlington, Mire ee ais 1910 Pitan Chaiten Noyes, Bishop Museum, Honolulu, ae ee ane ie 1915 Forbes, Fayette Frederick, Brookline, Mass.............02.62++--005 1911 Foster, Miss Una Lenora a, 857 Beacon St., Basten, MASE ye ee 1914 Gadeau de Kerrville, Henri, Ro , France a Ae See ce hes 1915 Goddard, Miss Mina Keyes, 11 1 Bedford St., epg MGS... es: 1897 Goodrich, Mrs. L. Leonora, 505 Willow St. , Syracu oe Mae yn ee pee 1915 Goodwin, Rev. Francis, 103 Wo bat hme St., Hartiord, "Conn.. Die. AGIG Graves, Mdward W.; Long. lelend, Ala. els eee ee ewe che 1917 Greene, F. C., Bureau of Geology and Mines, Rolla bs ae en ae 1913 Greenwood, Miss Helen E., 5 Benefit Terrace, Worcester, Mass) ico. 1912 | Grigg, Frederic W., P. O. Box 43, ean PAAR eae ee he a 915 Grout, Dr. Abel Joel, New Dorp, Richmond Borough, New York City 1910 Grubb, Prof. oe! Hamar, 4171 Briggs St, Harridburg, Pa... 2241225 a euber Osis WuULstownh, Fh... we whee pte ee aoe as CIS 7 Hall, Mrs. ‘Catottas es 1615 La Loma Ave., Berkeley, Cal............ 1913 Hall, Miss Mary Louise, 130 Spring St., Rocheste Pees, cee ears 1915 ns, Amadée, Locust Valley, dea Island, RRs Ss AY aS 901 Harper, Prof. Robert Almer, Columbia University, New York City.... 1913 Hart, W. O., 134 Carondelet St. SON OVIERIRS Bab 5 Ue cit avg ys 913 Hartline, Mrs. D. S., State Normal School, Bloomsburg, Pa........... 910 Hazen, Dr. Tracy Elliott, Columbia University, New i One ity Face 1910 Heatley, Miss Margaret, 23 Howe St., Wellesley, Mass............... 1916 Higgins, D. F., Care of ‘American Legation, Pektite China Bah Wig Se stk a 1913 Holeombe, Charles H k Box 5, Brookline, N. Hui... 2.5 6.. 1897 Holtzoff, Mrs. Mary, 160 West 127th St., New York City............ 1917 O) , Prof. Lewis 8., 525 East Main St., IO an Kae iia 1905 Horr, Mrs. Ella L., 12 State St., Worcester, Mass................-...- 1911 Howe, Dr. Marshall Avery, N. Y. Botanical Garden, New York City.. 1911 Hummel, Mrs. Mary Bariram, 3632 Powelton Ave., Philadelphia, Pa . 1915 Humphrey, Geo. Scranton, an Ae Anema fo Rs ce stank to papas 911 Hunnewell, Francis Welles, 2d, 5 University Hall, Cambridge, Mass.... 1915 urd, Mrs. Arthur Ts 13 Mall Oe, paretie Minam Co eS. 1911 Huss n Francis, 1103 Asylum Ave - H: tford, ~_ 1903 Jackson, Joseph, 25.Woodland St., Worcester, Mass.................. 1898 Jellett, Edwin C., 118 Hermann St., Ger mantown, ‘Philadelphia Pa.,.. 1913 Jenks, Charles William, Stonecroft Farm, Bedfo rd, NARG reo ee. 1908 enney, Hon. Charles Francis, Court t House, Boston, Ma Oks real 4 1901 Jennings, Dr. Otto Emery, Carnegie Museum, Pittauceh. Baa ies. vice 1911 SOREY, Bat Serene: VE ee a 1913 Jones, Miss H, Ella, 23 South h St., Utica, N. Y¥.; 1914 ‘aufman, Miss Pauline, 173 East 124th 'St.; New York City. Loeuriegs 900 Keeler, 8. L., P. O. Box 473, eine PTW Mos a. chapel: wae ee ae ae 1913 \effer, Dr. E. I., 5971 Tee el Road, Overbrook, Pac a 1916 ¢ Miss Alice C., Holden , Mass aoe ee es ig ss ane Dey nes anne ae 1911 Killip, Ellsworth P., 32 orth’ Goodman St.; once nig PW ces 1916 all, Miss aur: F., National City, San nego C0 aks cy eno 1897 > he a a") rg FERNS OF JAMAICA 45 . A. LATIFOLIUM Lam. Along roadside a mile south of Port Antonio. (535) . A. MACROPHYLLUM Swartz. A handsome fern with unusually broad pinnae. (565) MELANOLEUCUM Willd. Very common along roadsides at St. Ann’s Bay. A great variation exists in the size of the pinnules. (455, ‘98, - PULVERULENTUM L. Quite common in Holly- mount woods. (410) PULVERULENTUM Var. CAUDATUM Jenman. Holly- mount woods. (437) TENERUM Swartz. Frequent at Ewarton, Mone- ague, and St. Ann’s Bay. (395, 502, 523) TRAPEZIFORME L. A handsome fern with ex- ceedingly large pinnules. Hollymount woods. (502a) A. Apparently a distinct species but as yet undetermined. In open places near Papine. (107) Hypo .fpris - H. nigrescens Hook. Along trail to Morce’s Gap. (282a) PiryROGRAMMA pine. . SULPHUREA (Swartz) Maxon. One of the most beautiful ferns in the island, its fronds -deep- green above with yellow powder beneath. It well bears the common name of ‘gold fern.” At frequent intervals along the Content trail from 3000 to 1500 feet. (335) - TARTAREA (Cav.) Maxon. A much stouter fern with white powder beneath. Common at Cin- chona. (197) - P. caLoMELAENA (L.) Link. Along roadside, Pa- (140) 83. Qo ~ AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL CHEILANTHES C. MICROPHYLLA Swartz. Common in dry places. Long Mt., near Kingston; on stone fences, St. Ann’s Bay. (39) NoTHOLAENA . N. TRIcHoMANOIDES (L.) R. Br. Content. trail near the Yallis River. (334a) . N. TRICHOMANOIDES var. sUBNUDA Jenman. On rocks in open gully east of Papine. (108) PTERIS . P. GRanpIFotia L. A large handsome once-pinnate fern with pinnae a foot long. Hollymount. (445) - P. toncironira L. Common at various altitudes. Papine. (141, 250, 627) - P. quapRraurita Retz. (form). Another striking member of this genus. Newcastle, about 2700 ft. (357) HISTIOPTERIS - H. inctsa (Thunb.) J. Smith. In open places along the trail to Sir John’s Peak. 5400 ft. (242a) PTERIDIUM - P. aguminum (L.) Kuhn (form). In open places, Cinchona, forming very dense masses along the trail to Sir John’s Peak. (242) PagEsIA - P. viscosa St. Hil. Open places, Cinchona. (256) PoLyropium P. ANGUSTIFOLIUM Swartz. A peculiar fern with ong, entire, very narrow fronds. Morce’s GaP; ; in crevices of rocks at Hollymount. (06a, 475) : FERNS OF JAMAICA 47 93. P. aurrum L. var. ? One specimen found on a tree near Moneague. (454) 94. P. crassiFoLtium L. A fern with entire fronds often three feet in length and a half a foot broad. Trail to Morce’s Gap. (207) . CRETATUM Maxon. A dainty fern found on trees on Sir John’s Peak at 5800 ft. (315) 96. P. cuLTraTuM Willd. Depending from trunks of trees. Margins of pinnae very ciliate. Sir John’s Peak trail, 5800 ft. (227) CURVATUM Swartz. Trail to Morce’s Gap. (209) 98. P. peLITESceNs Maxon.. About an inch in height. On trees, Sir John’s Peak trail, 5700 ft. (236) 99. P. LancEoLaTuM L. Sir John’s Peak trail, 5100 ft. (<) or ~ ea) a: y (253) 100. P. tortceum L. In open places, Cinchona, about 5000 ft. (184) 101. P. tycopopiorpes L. Winding about trunks of trees, Moneague. (515) 102. P. MARGINELLUM Swartz. A fern with entire fronds growing in clumps on trees near the sum- mit of Sir John’s Peak. 6000 ft. (231, 319) 103. P. myosuromEs Swartz. One of the smallest ferns collected. Scarcely an inch tall. On trees near summit of Sir John’s Peak. (316a) 104. P. pecrinatum L. Along trail to Morce’s Gap, about a mile north of market-place. (204) 105. P. puyturripis L. With long, leathery simple fronds, bearing very small fruit-dots. (428a) 106. P. prLoseLLoipes L. Climbing over rocks near the juncture of the Hollymount and Ewarton roads. (465) 107. P. puumuta H.B.K. In open places, Cinchona. In gully near Papine. (105, 204a) 48 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL 108. P. potyropiorEes (L.) A. 8. Hitche. Common at lower altitudes. Papine and Long Mt., near Kingston. (37, 140) 109. P. repens Aubl. Fronds one to two feet high. Winding about trees at Hollymount. (428) 110. P. suspensum L. Winding about trees with fronds hanging downward, forming thick masses. A very characteristic fern of the deep, cool for- ests along the trail up Sir John’s Peak. (226) 111. P. TricHoMaNorpEs Swartz. On trees near the summit of Sir John’s Peak. (316) OLEANDRA : 112. O. arricutata’ (Swartz) Presl. Fronds sbiny, ” resembling a Polypodium. Twining about trees. Hollymount. (427) OLFERSIA 113. O. cervina (L.) Kuntze. Hollymount. (450, 426) ELAPHOGLOSSUM 114. E. cuarraceum (Baker) C. Chr. Sir John’s Peak trail, 5500 ft. (241) 115. E. Crncnonas Underw. Cinchona, about 5000 . ft. (206) 116. E. nierum (Swartz) C. Chr. Thickly covered with ‘a light brown seales. On trees near summit of Sir : John’s Peak, 6000 ft. (232) f 117. E. Latironrum Swartz. Sir Jobn’s Peak trail, : 5500 ft. (241a) 118. E. muscosum (Swartz) Moore. Morce’s Gap trail. Specimens in fruit seem to be scarce. (2094 119. E. vittosum (Swartz) J. Smith. Covered with : long hairs. At summit of Sir John’s Peak, 6100 ft. (232a) FERNS OF JAMAICA 49 TRISMERIA 120. T. tTrirotiata (L.) Diels. Papine: Newcastle. (110 STENOCHLAENA 12. 5: sp. Sterile fronds only. Hollymount. (434) Gleicheniaceae DICRANOPTERIS 122. D. Bancrorru (Hook.) Underw. Sir John’s Peak trail, 5400 ft. (251) 123. D. BrFIDA Be sot, Maxon. In open places, Cin- chona. (588) 124 D. samarcensis Underw. Open places along trail to Sir John’s Peak, 5900 ft. (235) 125. D. prcrinata (Willd.) Underw. Common at Cinchona. A form of this was collected, verg- ing toward D. fleruosa. (210) Schizaeaceae ANEMIA 126. A. apIaNTiFoLIA Swartz. Common along road- sides from Ewarton to St. Ann’s Bay and Roar- ing River Falls. (441) 127. A. nrrsuta Swartz. On dry banks along road- sides from Gordon Town to Neweastle. (369) Marattiaceae MARATTIA 128. M. arara Swartz. A large fern along trail to Sir John’s Peak, about 5800 ft. (219) Ophioglossaceae BoTrRYCHIUM 129. B. picoronum Underw. In moist woods, Sir John’s Peak trail, 5500 ft. Somewhat resembling our B. virginianum. (240) 50 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL 130. B. Unperwooprana Maxon. One specimen found about two miles east of Cinchona. (616) Lycopodiaceae LycopopIUM 131. L. ctavatum L. Common at Cinchona. (212) 132. L. curvatum Swartz. Frequent along trail to Morcee’s Gap. (213b) 133. L. Fawcerri Lloyd & Underw. Not common. Cinchona. (213a) 134. L. Jusstarr Desv. Two miles east of Cinchona. Along Sir John’s Peak trail (204) 135. L. RerLExum Lam. Frequent at Cinchona and Newcastle. (257, 387) 136. L. raxtrotrum Swartz. Bears a superficial re- semblance to Ground Hemlock. Near summit of Sir John’s Peak. 6000 ft. (327) Selaginellaceae SELAGINELLA 137. 5S. pipyMostacnya (Desv.) Spring. Trail to Morce’s gap. (213d) A large striking Selagineiia of a bluish-green color 1s found as an escape at Hollymount. (466) Rocusstsr, N. Y. A New Station for Trichomanes Petersii E. W. GRAVES On the 24th of October, 1916, Mr. A. H. Howell, of the United States Biological Survey, and myself started on a trip toward the south end of Sand Mt., Alabama. Sand Mt. is an elevated plateau ten miles wide, extending from near the Tennessee line southwest about one hundred miles into Alabama. It lies about one thousand feet above the Tennessee River. The mountain is cut up by many deep gorges which empty the water of the tableland into the Tennessee River which lies to the west. Growing along these cool, damp gorges one will find a varied flora. There occurs a strong mingling of types that are at home in the Alleghenian area of the adjoining states and of North Carolina with plants of the lower ranges within the Carolinian area, the like of which has not been ob- served in any other part of the mountain region of Alabama. Among the woody plants peculiar to the Alleghenian area, Rhodendron catawbiense and Tsuga canadensis are the most prominent. Among the more rare ferns one finds Asplenium Bradleyi, A. montanum, A. pinnatifidum, A. Trichomanes and occasionally Pel- laea atropurpurea growing along the sandstone cliffs, and lower down, where the creek bed has been cut into the limestone shales, Camptosorus rhizophyllus and Dryopteris spinulosa intermedia occur. Where the sandstone is kept continuously wet one will find an oc- casional bed of Trichomanes radicans. On the 29th, Mr. Howell and I decided to make a camp in the Santy Creek gorge which in this place is the boundary between Jackson and Marshall Counties. Of course, water would be the first necessity in a camp; I therefore set out to find a spring. After locating a Tavine which emptied into the gorge, I followed it for 51 52 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL several rods, climbing over moss-covered rocks and fallen trees. I finally reached a pool of water at the foot of a gigantic rock on one side and a rocky cave on the other, with only a passage of a few feet between for the water coming down the ravine to pass through. Between the cave and the rock the water passed down a steep incline, striking a pile of loose rocks at the bottom, causing it to send a spray over the rock. On the lower corner it appeared a cube had been broken from the top of the rock, making a shady nook in which grew a dense colony of Polypodium vulgare and just below, on two sides of the rock, some two or three feet above the pool of water, grew several colonies of Trichomanes Petersii. I at first thought it was moss, but on closer examination I found it to be the rare fern. The accompanying photograph shows this rock with the writer standing in the gully beside it. The little Trichomanes is too small to be made out in the picture, but there is one colony just in front of my hand, a smaller colony lower down and back of my hand, and a larger colony on the face of the rock on the side toward the large tree, which covers a space perhaps two feet wide and four long, extending from the upper edge just under the Polypodium vulgare down nearly to the ground. At my feet is the pile of rocks against which the water strikes, making a spray which keeps the large rock damp. Very little water was running at the time of my visit- Trichomanes Petersii had been found only in Winston, Etowah and Marion Counties, but my find adds a fourth station for Alabama. Lone Isuanp, Awa. Through the courtesy of Dr. B. L. Robinson, of the Gray Her- barium, and the kindness of the artist, Miss Una L. Foster, the JouRNaL is able to present the accompanying detailed illustration of Trichomanes Petersii (Plate 3). All the drawings except Fig 1- f AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Vou. 7, PLate 2 $ Ravine in Buck’s Pocket: Trichomanes Petersii growing on roc in ee (Photogr: can reproduced by courtesy of the Bureau of Biological Survey, . Dept. Agriculture) 54 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL were made from the type specimens collected by Judge Bie: in 1853. D.C. Eaton in The Ferns of North America, 1: pl. 24, gives a life-size drawing of a plant of T. Petersii and an enlargement of d description calls for. He does not state where the material from which this drawing was made came from. Miss Slosson in Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 41: pl. 7 has a good photographic epee of specimens from Santo Domingo. But, so far as the aware, our plate is the first in which the species has ae Seni full detail. WwW. Explanation of Plate 3: Fig. 1, plant, natural size, from speci- men collected at Santy Creek gorge, Marshall Co., Ala., b raves, Nov., 1916; heb 2, fronds x 2; Fig. 3, portion of edge of frond, showing hair and “false vein” % 45; fig. 4, portion of lip of involucre X 45; Fig. 5, peo X 10; Fig. 6, portion of receptacle and sporangia X 30; Fig. 7, sporangia X 45; Fig. 8, spores X 45. The Ferns of the Lake George Flora, N. Y. IV STEWART H. BURNHAM ATHYRIUM THELYPTEROIDES (Mx.) Desv. Moist woods; frequent. Aug.—Oct This fern seems to be generally distributed: but is not very abundant at any station. ATHYRIUM FILIx-FOEMINA (L.) Roth. Woods, fields and roadsides *in moist shaded places; abundant. July-Sept. Very variable. e var. Michauxii (Spreng.) n. comb.,! with narrow fronds, has been found at Luzerne (Peck); and Dark Bay, Lake George (Hulst). ‘The ® synonymy’ of this variety is as follows: seviatios enue willd., PL 5: 277. 1810. Asplenium Michauxii Spreng. Syst. 4: 88. 1827- Asplentum ae iene var. Michauzii Mett. yet 199. 1859. Athyrium s, m Moore, Ind. Fil. 179. 1860. Asplenium Filiz- = fe var. anoustim D. C. Eaton, Ferns of the Southwest in Bot t. Wheel- 1878. Michauzii, being the ear varietal name given t0 the ees, should be used, under present nomenclatorial rules. Vou. 7, PLaTe 3 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL TRICHOMANES PETERSII GRAY 56 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL The var. LATIFOLIUM Bab. with broad fronds, has been found about Lake George; southern W. Fort Ann; Crescent and elsewhere. ADIANTUM PEDATUM L. Rich moist woods and shaded banks; common. July—Oct. Young plants, collected in Devines woods, Vaughns, June 12, 1897, had broad triangular pinnules suggestive of A. Capillus-V eneris. PTERIDIUM AQUILINUM (L.) Kuhn Dry fields and thickets, usually in sandy or gravelly soil; common. A tall fern sometimes forming bracken thickets on open hillsides. The pinnules are sometimes distorted by the fungus Phyllachora Pteridis. CrypToGRaMMaA STELLERI (Gmel.) Prantl Shaded limestone cliffs; rare. June—Aug. Near Whitehall (Dr. Beck). Torrey’s N. Y. State Flora 2: 487. 1843. These specimens were preserved in an old collection at State Herbarium. Silver Bay (Kemp); waterfall on south shore of South Bay; Pinnacle, Fort Ann mountains; Haynes hill, Vaughns; limestone ledge 144 miles north of Smiths Basin, east of old Champlain canal, May 12, 1904. This station has probably been destroyed in building the barge canal. PELLAEA ATROPURPURBA (L.) Link Dry limestone rocks ; very rare. Dr. M. W. Vandenburg during the seventies found 4 few plants on the cliffs on the south bank of the Hudson river near Glens Falls, where in recent years much rock has been removed: Silver Bay (Kemp), 1902; Dresden (Peck); three plants on the granitic talus at the base of is FERNS OF THE LAKE GEoRGE FLoRA—IV 57 Diameter, South Bay, July 31, 1893; Skenes Mt., Whitehall, Aug. 30, 1900, also found here Aug. 1911 by D. 8. Carpenter & F. T. Pember. POLYPODIUM VULGARE L. tocky woods and ledges; common, especially in mountain woods. Variable. Plants with fruiting fronds 114 inches high were met with in the dry old pasture on Wood- ruffs hill, west of Fort Ann, 1896. Along the road a mile west of Lake Sunnyside, 1908, plants were seen growing in sandy soil at the base of trees. In Devines woods, west of Kingsbury, 1899, plants were collected with long narrow thick fronds. Although this ever- green fern usually cushions limestone and _ granitic rocks, it is sometimes met with on the roots of trees. At Lake George C. L. Williams collected in 1909, and Mrs. 8. W. Russell in 1910 at Hillview, sterile plants of this species. “The fronds are 5-12 em. long, Y% em. broad, sinuate lobed or irregularly pinnatifid. the lobes being broad, obtuse and unequal.” N. Y, State Mus. Bull. 150:47. 1911. Forms with taper pointed fronds, often 3 inches wide, with nearly entire rather thin pinnae, with a few fruit dots were referred to var. angustum Muell. This form has been collected on Black Mt.; Fort Ann mount- ains; and southern W. Fort Ann. e var. Cuurcutan Gilbert was found by Miss Alice Church on the old well of Ft. George, Lake George, Sept. 1905. One plant was found and a type frond was preserved in the Gilbert herbarium. Fern Bull. 14: 39-4], April 1906. Dr. Geo. D. Hulst, during the nineties, found at Dark Bay, Lake George, specimens of var. camBricuM (L.) Willd. under hemlock trees ; and the var. MULTIFIDUM Moore. “The tallest and least variable fronds simply 58 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL fork once or twice at the apex, and are an incipient form of the variety cristatum.’’ Specimens were deposited in the Columbia Herbarium: and a specimen of var. multifidum, which grew on a sloping rock along the cascade of the brook, was found in the Hulst herbarium. Fern Bull. 7: 34. April 1899. Forms, approaching var. deltoideum Gilbert, were found on the granitic talus at the foot of Diameter, _ near the natural “ice-house,” South Bay, Oct. 5, 1903; also one frond of var. RaMosuM Moore. Fronds fork- ing at the apex, or with the pinnae forked, were found. The South Bay plants, of deltoideum, are quite simr lar to figure 3, illustrating J. C. Buchheister’s article, “Variations in the Common Polypody,” Am. Bot. 5: 56. Sept. 1903. Specimens with partly lobed pinnae were found near the summit of Saddle Mt., Fort Ann moun- tains, Sept. 27, 1899, and were sent to Dr. Davenport. Equisetaceae — EQUISETUM ARVENSE I.. Moist sandy, clayey and alluvial soil; common. April 20-May. Variable. The fertile, unbranched stems disappear early in the season; the sterile stems, much branched, appearing later. This plant is locally known as “Cole Pine”; because of its branching stems, and the soil 0 which it grows is supposed to be wet and cold. It 6 often a weed in cultivated fields. Sterile plants som times have 3-angled stems and the sheaths of the branches 3-toothed. The form pEcUMBENS (Meyer) Luerssen has been found, along the roadside, east of Lake Hadlock, W. Fort Ann. The form pirrusum (A. A. Eaton) Clute, along the sandy roadside, north of Moss Street schoolhouse, north of Hudson Falls. FERNS OF THE LAKE GEORGE FLoRA—IV 59 The form NEMoRosuM (A. Br.) Klinge, at Hague in woods. The form rrpartuM (Fries) Klinge, in alluvial sand, north bank of Halfway brook, east of Tripoli. De- termined by A. A. Eaton, Dec. 1900. EQUuISETUM SYLVATICUM L. Moist shady places; frequent. May The fertile stems usually bear a few branches and are later quite similar to the sterile ones which appear in early summer. EQUISETUM PALUSTRE L. Very rare. Fort Edward: a specimen was found in the Dr. E. C. Howe herbarium labeled as E. pratense Ehbrh. EQuISETUM FLUVIATILE L. Shallow water and alluvial soil: infrequent. May- June. Although not common it is distributed from Lake George to Shushan. The stems of this species are often unbranched: but Plants bearing more or less verticillate branches, the form verticiLLATUM Doell. occurs near Tripoli and at Vaughns. Equiserum HYEMALE L. Steep ravine banks, more often in sandy soil: some- times persisting in old meadows; frequent but rather local. April 20-June. Variable. The stems usually unbranched and are evergreen. Small bundles of the stems are used for Scouring floors, tables, ete. This species is also found on dry railroad embankments. ur common variety is affine (Eng.) A. A. Eaton: but the branching form ramosum A. A. Eaton of this variety sometimes occurs. 60 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL The var. pumitum A. A. Eaton has been found on shaded sandy banks of Pond Brook, west of W. Fort Ann P. O. EQUISETUM VARIEGATUM Schleich. Very rare. Mohawk river bank at Waterford, Aug. 27, 1904. EQUISETUM SCIRPOIDES Mx. Low woods and ravines, preferring clayey soil; in- frequent. April-May. Gansevoort (Peck); DeRidder hill near Schuyler- ville (Greenalch); Hague; southern W. Fort Ann, not rare; Hudson Falls and vicinity; Glen Lake. This small evergreen species was first named for me by the late Dr. A. W. Chapman, March 17, 1892, who said, “‘very rare to me.” It fruits sparingly. Lycopodiaceae LycopopiIuM LUcIDULUM Mx. Cool wet woods; frequent. Aug.—Nov. This species is usually found about ponds, specially at higher elevations. The sporangia are borne in the axils of the upper leaves. The plant is also propagated by bulblets. Lycopopium inunpatum L. . Very rare. Sphagnum marsh at north end of Podunk Pond, Aug. 16 and Oct. 17, 1899: Sept. 13, 1900: Aug. : 17, 1913; sandy moist roadside, near northwest shore of Lake Hadlack. Oct. 6, 1910, and Oct. 9, 1911: not found here, Nov. 1915. Lycoropium opscurum L. Moist woods in elevated regions; frequent. AUg—~ — Oct. FERNS OF THE LAKE GEORGE FLORA—IV 61 This and other species of club-mosses are sometimes known as “ Mountain Boy.” Plants with more erect branches, with leaves all alike, which is known as the var. DENDROIDEUM Mx., are sometimes met with. LycopopIUM ANNOTINUM L. Mountain woods, specially about ponds; local and infrequent. Aug.—Oct. Black Mt. (Hulst); mountains near East Galway (Burt); Crosset Pond to lower New Michigan, W. Fort nn. The spikes are usually solitary at the ends of the simple or forked ascending branches. Lycopropium cLAVATUM L. Dry woods, specially in elevated districts; frequent. Aug.—Oct. Extensively creeping along the surface of the ground; fruiting spikes 2 or 3, peduncled. he var. MEGASTACHYON Fernald & Bissell was formerly confused with the variety monostachyon. It was erroneously stated that Dr. Peck collected it in “Washington county,” Rhodora 7: 96. May 1905. This variety, bearing one spike, was collected on the moist rocks by the roadside, west of Lake Hadlock, Noy. 19, 1915. Lycopopium comPLANATUM L. Dry woods and pastures; common. Aug.—Oct. Very variable. A variety with acuminate leaves occurs in the pine woods near Fort Edward reservoir, Aug. 30, 1902. Extensively creeping just below the surface of the ground; fruiting spikes 2-3, peduncled. This with the Preceding species are often used for winter decoration. All the above mentioned species may be found about 62 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Podunk Pond (Lake Nebo). Our plant is var. flabelli- forme Fernald. LYCOPODIUM TRISTACHYUM Pursh Dry woods and pastures; scarce. Aug.—Sept. Pasture 34 of a mile west of Vaughns schoolhouse; west of Tripoli; foot of Sugar Loaf and Peaked moun- tains; Sly Pond; woods northeast of Hudson Falls; woods north of Cambridge. Differs from the preceding species, by the rhizomes creeping 1-2 inches below the surface of the ground; the leafy branches more erect and less spreading; the leaves less dimorphous. This species commences to Scatter its spores about Sept. 1; L. complanatum, var. flabelliforme, about Oct. 15, at Vaughns. Selaginellaceae SELAGINELLA RUPESTRIS (L.) Spring Dry exposed. granitic rocks, specially in elevated regions; rather widely distributed in the northern part of the region. July—Oct. This inconspicuous moss-like plant is rarely met with at lower elevations. In the southern part of the range it has been found on Peaked Rock, east of Shushan; on Willard Mt.; and at Crescent. SELAGINELLA APUs (L.) Spring The only station discovered for this rare plant was at Bolton (?), Lake George (1), (C. H. Hall), July 1880- This small Selaginella resembles a Mnium, but may be distinguished by its two kinds of leaves. Isoetaceae IsozTEs Brauni Durieu Usually submerged; very rare, “Outlet of Luzerne Lake, Warren Co. A very small form; Aug. 1867: G. W. C(linton).” N. Y. State NoTes AND NEws 63 Cab. Rep’t 20: 409. 1867. This specimen is in the State Herbarium. Round (Trout?) Lake, above Bol- ton, west of Lake George in white sand (L. Lesquereux). Engelmann, “The Genus Isoetes in North America,” Trans. St. Louis Acad. 4: 379. 1882. One plant from rather deep water, muddy bottom of Crosset Pond, W. Fort Ann, Aug. 25, 1897. Isoetes echinospora muricata (Durieu) Engelm. has been found at “Lake Luzerne, A. A. Eaton.” Gilbert, “The Fern Flora of New York,” Fern Bull. 11: 103. Oct. 1903. IsonvEs ENGELMANNI A. Br. Found in a setback of the Battenkill River at Batten- ville, between Greenwich and Shushan, Aug. 2, 1912, (Dobbin). Very abundant: and muskrats were fond of the bulbous bases. This interesting genus is often overlooked, and it requires considerable experience before quillworts can be distinguished from other grass-like water plants with which they grow. | Hupson Faias, N.Y. Notes and News OPHIoGLossum VuLGATUM—ONCE Mors! The Ophio- glossum seems to excite so much interest that I may perhaps be pardoned for offering my experience with that interesting little plant. The only time I have found it was ten years ago near the summit of Mt. Wismer on the boundary between Monroe and Pike Counties, Pa., at an elevation of about 1800 feet. ‘There Were about half a dozen or more plants growing where the soil could not have been more than six or eight inches thick on top of the bed rock. Needless to say the location was exceedingly dry. I took up four plants —_ 64 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL and transplanted them to my fern garden at Buck Hill Falls, Pa., where they have done very well, though the location is too dry to be an ideal one for ferns. Though these four plants bear fruiting fronds each year, there has been no increase in their numbers, either from spore growth or from buds from the roots. Two years after I had obtained my specimens I returned to the place but saw no more plants of the kind, either there or in the neighborhood, nor in frequent visits since have I ever found a single specimen. I never am in a damp meadow without being on the lookout for Ophioglossum, but have never been rewarded by finding any. WALTER MENDELSON. OPHIOGLOssuM BuppinG From a Roor. An herbar- ium specimen sent in by Mr. Winslow from a collection made in Vermont, seems to show indubitable evidence of the development of a new plant of Ophioglossum vulgatum from a root. On the specimen on question, a small plant appears attached near the end of a long root of a large fertile plant. Ferns or Lake SPOONER. Lake Spooner (formerly called Mud Lake) is about three miles from the tow? of the same name in Washburn County in northwesterm Wisconsin. It is a narrow, irregularly shaped lake and contains four wooded islands. It is fed by Mud Creek and drained by the Yellow River, a tributary of the St. Croix. The country about the lake was once covered with extensive forests of white pine, now nearly all cut down. A few years ago the author made an intensive study of the vegetation of one of the islands and listed seven ferns. Since then the oak and the spinulose wood ferns have established themselves on this island; while Notes and NEws 65 the adder’s tongue found in one small area, has now been submerged by the rising of the lake since a new dam was put in its outlet. The following list gives the ferns found as the result of a rather thorough search of the immediate border of the lake and the islands and one point upon Yellow River. Phegopteris dryopteris (L.) Fée oak fern Adiantum pedatum L. maidenhair Pieris aquilina L. common brake Asplenium filix-femina (L.) Bern lady fern Aspidium spinulosum (O. F. “Malle Sw. spinulose wood fern Aspidium cristatum (L.) Sw cristate wood fern Onoclea sensibilis sensitive f Onoclea struthiopteris (L.) Hoffm. ostrich fern Osmunda claytoniana L. interrupted fern Osmunda cinnamomea L. cinnamon fern Ophioglossum vulgatum L. adder’s tongue Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw. rattlesnake fern Osmunda cinnamomea L., var. incisa J. W. Huntington was found this summer in one situation in the Dells of the Wisconsin River. RutH MARSHALL. The following, from a letter of Mr. Alexander W. Brown’s, should be of interest to members who want to grow foreign ferns in their gardens. Mr. Brown writes: “T brought a plant [of Lomaria Spicant] with me from Scotland four years ago, and it seems to thrive well in my little fern corner, throwing up lots of fronds, both barren and fertile. . . lam quite pleased with my experiment with his fern, as I dug it up in a wood where the famous battle of Harlaw took place. A resident told me the thermometer never fell below 18 above and never rose higher than 75. Here it seems to have 66 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL suffered no inconvenience in a temperature which has ranged from 20 below to 100 above. It gets protection of leaves in winter.” American Fern Society New Members: Anderson, Miss Flora C., 327 South Henderson St., Bloomington, Ind. umason, Miss Melicent E., 39 Grove Hill, New Britain, Conn. Miller, Robert K., Keyser Building, Baltimore, Md. Minor, John B., New Britain, Conn. Poston Mrs. ‘Wheeler H., Davenport Neck, New Rochelle, eo Changes of address: Dacy, Miss Alice E., 98 Hemenway St., Boston, Mas Lewis, W. Scott, Svatahis Institute, Hollywood: ie Angeles, Cal. Thatcher, Mrs. Louise H., 1222 Kemble St., Utica, N. Y- Tuttle; Mrs. J. B., 1713 vs St., Washington, D. C. Awmvrican Bern Journal Vol. 7 JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1917 No. 3 Experiences with a Fern Garden—I. C. L. GRUBER In 1911 I started a fern garden. The space used for this purpose is only a small bed, twenty-five feet long and about four and one-half feet wide. I built a small rock pile at one end and a larger one, shaped partly like a horse-shoe, in the middle. The bed consisted of good but rather heavy garden soil and after trying to grow ferns I found that most species did not thrive well in it; so in August, 1913, I dug the ground out to the depth of four inches, as close to the planted ferns as possible without jeopardizing their growth, and filled in the ex- cavations with leaf mold and woods ground mixed with Some fine sand, decaying wood, and a small quantity of crushed limestone. A marked increase in growth and vigor was the result. The small garden slugs proved themselves a source of annoyance by devouring the young crosiers, particularly those of the more tender Species, as soon as they appeared above the ground. The grape ferns, rattlesnake ferns, walking leaf, and adder’s tongue suffered especially in this way. I finally overcame this difficulty by covering the surface of the bed with fine sand, over which the slugs were unable to drag their slimy bodies. The bed is partially shaded by a cherry tree and a pear tree and the soil is only moderately moist. At the sunnier end of the bed I Planted a few sweetbriers to furnish additional shade. A covering of leaves in the fall with a fresh coating of sand in the spring keeps the bed in good condition. (No. 2 of the JOURNAL (7: 33-66, Plates 2 and 3) was issued May 5, 1917,] ee 68 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Occasionally, during drought, it becomes necessary t0 supply some species with water at intervals of a few days to keep them in healthy growth. While all species appreciate this treatment, it may become specially necessary for the cinnamon fern, walking leaf, marsh fern, and perhaps a few others. Since it takes two or three years for ferns to become fully established and to attain their natural thrifty appearance, no record of growth was kept in 1912. The date when they began growing in spring was recorded when the crosiers had appeared above ground suf- ficiently to expose the entire coiled portion. The shield ferns, in general, are easy of cultivation. In July, 1911, I planted three marginal shield ferns 00 the fern bed and in September of the same year I set ten of these common ferns in a row along a side porch. All of them grew well. In the spring of 1913, individuals started growing from April 23 to April 30. The spring of 1913 was perhaps slightly earlier than usual, but 1914 spring came tardily and the marginals began groW- ing from May 4 to May 12. The row along the poreh starts close against the wall of a cellar containing the heating furnace and extends outward seven feet. In 1915, an average spring, the ferns of this row bega? growing in order of their distance from the warm cellar wall, from April 23 to May 9. By June 21, some of the spores were ripe. Practically all of them were ripe the first fertile fronds by the end of June. While the fruit dots, or sori, of the marginals seem purple and give a beautiful appearance to the under side of the frond, the indusium is really light violet and the chat acteristic color is imparted by the rich purple or brow? purple spore cases, or sporangia, underneath. After the spores are scattered, the indusia turn light brow? On the later fertile fronds developing in August and September, the fruit dots are frequently not so richly EXPERIENCES WITH A FERN GARDEN 69 colored. Parily fertile fronds are occasionally found among the sterile fronds appearing in July and August. Two spinulose shield ferns of the regular type and three of the variety intermedium were set in the fern bed in July, 1911, and one apparently of the variety dilatatum was planted in August, 1914. While all of them grew nicely, they seem to require a richer soil than the marginals to reach the same degree of develop- ment. They began growing during the last week in April with the exception of one vigorous plant, which siarted to grow on April 19, and one old one, which did not show any activity until May 4. The first fronds are mosily fertile. Occasional fertile or partly fertile fronds appear with the sterile fronds in June and July. By June 7, some of the spores were ripe, and by the 20th of June, light brown fruit patches were all that remained to mark the places that had been filled to overflowing With the beautiful black or black-purple spore cases. The true spinulose shield fern is found in this locality only occasionally, the variety intermedium is fairly common, but the variety dilatatum, or ai least a form that resembles it, is decidedly rare. From a muddy spot near the foot of the mountain I broughi a crested fern and planted it in my fern garden ii July, 1912. Although I could not provide it with a Swampy home, it grew and thrived in its new situation for a few years uniil some vigorous lady ferns encroached upon the space allotted to it and gradually crowded it out. In October, 1914, I transferred another crested fern, from a rather wet meadow border, to my fern bed; and this one is multiplying and flourishing in a very Satisfactory manner, its erect fertile fronds, with their horizontal pinnae, marking it with characteristic dis- tmetness. The crested fern began to grow from April 25 to May 2, although some of the fronds on the oldest Part of the largest fern did not appear until May 10. 70 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL The pale tan to violet-tan fruit dots were coloring well by June 9, and the violet-brown to dark purple-brown spore cases ripened on the several fronds from June 14 to June 30. In the crested fern, the fertile fronds are decidedly the first to appear, in spite of the fact that a few small sterile fronds occasionally appear with or even before the fertile ones; and the actual growth of sterile fronds does not begin until late in June or in July. Some of these sterile fronds are occasionally partly fertile. Goldie’s shield fern is very rare in this region, but I was fortunate in finding a fine colony in a mountain ravine and in August, 1911, I planted two of these ferns in a recess at the base of the rock pile in my fern garden. They grew well in their new home, the young ferns ap- pearing from April 26 to May 4. By about the 10th of June the indusia covering the flat sori are pale violet, later changing to straw color, and during the last week in June the spore cases have ripened and are light brown to rather dark brown in color. The new fronds appeal- ing during the latter half of June and in July are mostly sterile, but some of them are fertile on the upper portion. The New York fern does not flourish so well as it does in the habitat from which it was transplanted. In July, 1911, I planted two of these ferns, one on the fern bed and one close to the wall of the house. BY 1913 the plant on the fern bed had died and in August, 1914, I planted another one in its place. Although both of the planis are gradually establishing themselves, sending up each succeeding spring, about April 28, 2? Iereasing number of slender crosiers, the fronds have so far failed to attain the length to which they grow ™ the wild state. The first fronds, as a rule, are sterile, and usually a large percentage of the fronds grown dur- ing the season do not fruit. The fertile fronds begin t? appear about the third week in June and the shinimé dark brown to nearly black sporangia begin to ripe EXPERIENCES WITH A FerRN GARDEN ut during the last week in July, the majority not ripening until the middle of August. Some fronds appear in August and these are sterile or only parily fertile. In September, 1911, I transferred a marsh fern from a small marsh, where its rootstocks were buried in mud, to my fern bed; and in spite of the drier situation, it flourishes and multiplies, forming a close stand and spreading outward on all sides. In 1915, a few crosiers showed their green heads as early as March 27, but the sterile fronds usually begin growing about April 23, while the narrower fertile ones appear during the latter part of July and early in August, the dark brown or black Spore cases ripening during the latter half of August. The male fern is not found in this part of the country, so I bought a plant for my fern garden, in May, 1911; and it grows beautifully. Several young plants formed on the side of the original rootstock. I transplanted One of these in September, 1914, and I now have two splendid clumps of fronds. The younger fronds around the outside of the plant begin to grow about April 24, but those on the oldest part of the original rootstock usually do not appear until the first week in May, but in 1913 they actually delayed their coming until May 20 and the first ones of these were mostly stunted and Poorly formed. Probably as a result of this poor growth, the fern fruited sparingly and the spores did not ripen ull the middle of July; but in following years the fruit ripened during the second week in June, the violet- Purple sori with their blackish brown sporangia pre- Seniing a beautiful appearance, looking like two rows of Cmaments and closely resembling the fruit dots of the marginal shield fern in color, but not in position. The first fronds are mosily fertile, but fertile and sterile fronds, some of them only parily fertile, continue to ’ppear late in June and in July. The indusia are pale yellow before the ripening stage begins. 72 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL The cinnamon fern, interrupied fern, and royal fern although frequenters of moist situations, continue to grow well in my fern garden. The fronds, however, fail to grow to the length which they attain in the wild state; and the cinnamon fern seems to suffer most in this respect.. Three cinnamon ferns, two large plants and a small one, found a home in my fern garden ia May, 1912. During the following years the older plants siarted their spring growth, the fertile fronds coming first, from April 21 to May 1. The sierile fronds ap- peared a week to ten days later. The fertile fronds are surrounded by the sterile ones, but a careful investiga- tion will show that the fertile fronds actually arise from the outer circle while the sterile fronds, by strongly curv- ing outward at their bases from the central part of the plant, appear to arise around the outside. The spore cases, at first light cinnamon, but soon turning cinna- mon-brown, ripened from May 20 to May 25, all the spores had fallen by the beginning of June, and withm a few days, by the end of the first week in June, the fertile fronds began to wither, soon bending or curving over in humble recognition of duty well performed; but some traces of them could still be found late in August In July, 1911, I planted two interrupted ferns on the bed and one along the wall of a side porch. Those 0? the fern bed began growing in spring from April 15 April 21, but the one along the porch, standing in the natural soil and in a more exposed situation, usually came about a week later. By May 15 or 20, the cinn® mon-brown sporangia were ripe and all the spores wer shed within a week. The fruiting pinnae at once beg’? to wither, but remained hanging, limp and brown, til Sepiember or later. As in the cinnamon fern, the first sree are fertile and the sterile ones come about a week inter, Each year some, and one year nearly all, of pai fertile froads of the plant at the porch have no sierile | Notes oN H1IppocHAETE 7s pinnae, or only a few stunted ones, beyond the feriile pinnae. This condition apparently is produced by injury caused by strong winds whipping the tender young plants against the porch wall; but one year one of the fronds on the fern bed had no sterile pinnae above the fertile ones and only one stunted one below. I planted two royal ferns in the fern bed in August, 1913, and in each of the three following years one began growing about April 21 and the other about April 26. Sterile and fertile fronds appear at the same time, some sterile fronds coming as late as July 15. The sterile parts of the fronds are colored light salmon or light purplish cinnamon when unfolding and the fertile por- tion is light green, sometimes tinged with yellowish. The mature fruiting part of the frond is dark cinnamon- brown and the dark green sporangia have ripened about May 25 and all have fallen by June 1, the fruiting por- tion remaining till late in July. Kurztown, Pa. (To be continued) Notes on Hippochaete! OuiveR ATKINS FARWELL HIprocHarre LAEVIGATA. In a friendly criticism of Standley’s Ferns of Greene Co., Mo., Mr. B. F. Bush, in the Amprican FERN JouRNAL for October-December, 1916, adopts the name Equisetum Kansanum Schaffner for the smooth annual- Stemmed species that for many years has passed for Equisetum laevigatum Braun, transferring the latter hame to the perennial plant that was later described as Equisetum hyemale var. intermedium by A. A. Eaton, Ftp ee te "In Mem. N. Y, Bot. Gard. 6: 461 ff., Mr. Farwell gives his reasons for ro the scouring-rushes from the true horse-tails as a separate nus under the name of Flippochaete.—Ed. 74 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL once more exemplifying the wholly unsatisfactory and entirely indefensible method of adopting the herbarium specimens of older authors as types when said authors did not so consider them. The writer hasn’t much sympathy with the modern custom of making a dried specimen, in most instances only a fragment of a plant, a specific type. Herbarium specimens are too notori- ously unreliable. They may be destroyed, mutilated, lost, interchanged, mislabeled, and, except in the case of very small herbaceous species, do not give one the slightest conception of the habit of the species; again in the distribution of exsiccatae two or more species are frequently sent out under the same number and name and consequently the co-type may not always be the same as the type. Descriptions are the real’ types and herbarium specimens, like plates, are but illustra- tions of the species and sometimes, for one or another of the above named causes, are only a means to added confusion. The transfer of name was made because of the discovery in the Herbarium of the Missouri Botan ical Garden of a so-called co-type of Equisetum laeviga- tum Braun which proves to be the Equisetum hyemale var. intermedium of A. A. Eaton. It seemed rather peculiar to me that Engelman, who supplied the mater- ial for the description and who as translator and editor of Braun’s MSS. is the sponsor, in a measure, of the species, should have so misunderstood his own specles as to have misapplied it and to have permitted such misapplication in our manuals without having cal the attention of their authors thereto. A careful study of the original description will show that Braun’s speci® has not been misunderstood, that his description applies to the annual-stemmed plant that has been passing under Braun’s name. It is true that Braun thought 2. lar gatum to be a perennial-stemmed species, but at a time all American species of this group were 50 ec | Nores on HiIppocHakEtTE 75 sidered, and it has not been until very recently that it has been proved that there were annual-stemmed species amongst the scouring rushes of America. Braun’s description calls for a species with a smooth stem, having the leaves of the green sheath with one central ridge on the lower half and two lateral ridges on the upper half, the central one being depressed and flattened out in that section, the teeth being caducous and leaving a truncate-dentate margin to the sheath; and with obtuse spikes. The contrasting characters of Eaton’s var. intermedium are a smooth or more generally rough stem, ash-grey sheaths with a black band above and below, caducous teeth leaving a crenulate margin and apiculate spikes. In Braun’s explanatory remarks, ‘‘The sheaths, as has been stated, have generally only a narrow black limb, but some specimens have also, especially on the lower sheaths, a black girdle at base; in one specimen I have seen the whole sheath black,” there is a hint that the intermediate plant was included in the species but no part of the description was drawn from it and it certainly was not considered as the type. The trans- ference, therefore, of the name laevigatum from the Smooth, annual stemmed species, for which it has so long and appropriately stood, to a rough perennial- stemmed species has been made without solid founda- tion of fact and should not be generally accepted. Equisetum Kansanum Schafiner = E. laevigatum A. Br. = Hippochaete laevigata (A. Br.) Farwell. Hrprocuarrp PREALTA. Both Rafinesque’s and Braun’s descriptions of their respective species (Equisetum prealtum and E. robustum) Were of the largest (40 or more ridges and leaves to the stem), and oldest forms (sheaths with deciduous teeth eaving a truncate margin). Engelman’s E. robustum var. minus was a smaller (28-31 ridges and leaves) 76 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL form with more persistent teeth; his var. affine still smaller (20-25 ridges and leaves) with persistent rough teeth, finally becoming white. The variety minus probably is only a variation due to ‘age and should not, for that reason, be maintained. I have seen nothing answering to the description of the variety affine; pos- sibly Eaton’s EB. hiemale var. pumilum, with persistent, white teeth is a phase of it. Further study is necessary before final determination of its status. In Fern Bul- letin Vol. XI, p. 111, 1903, Eaton transferred this varietal name to the American plant that had been passing under the name of E. hyemale and I, following Eaton’s lead, retained the name under Hippochaete, Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. VI, 467, 1916. This transfer of Engelman’s varietal name was without warrant. Engelman_ him- self says the sheaths are too short to be E. hyemale and this character together with that of the teeth being per- sistent finally turning white is sufficient to prove that it is not the plant with caducous teeth and long sheaths. So far as I am able to ascertain the American plant 1s without a name and I propose for it the varietal name pseudohyemalis. The variety is: Hippochaete prealta (Raf.) Farwell, var. pseudohyemalis new name. Equisetum hyemale Amer. authors, not Lin. 1753. Equisetum hiemale var. affine (Engelm.) A. A. Eaton, Fern Bull. XI, 111, 1903, but not E. robustum var. affine Engelm. 1843. Hippochaete prealta var. affinis (Engelm.) Farwell, em. N. Y. Bot. Gard. VI, 467, 1916, but not E. robustum var. affine Engelm. 1843. : My thanks are due to Mr. W. W. Bishop, the Libraria? of the University of Michigan, and to Mr. W. N. Clute; of Joliet, Ill., for the loan of- journals containing the . original descriptions, SPARTMENT OF Botany, PaRKE, Davis & Co., Detroit, Micu. Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link and Pellaea glabella Mett. ex Kuhn. FREDERIC K. BUTTERS At the time thai Prof. F. L. Pickeii’s recent article entitled “Is Pellaea glabella Meit. a distinct Species?” appeared in the AMERicAN Fern Journal, I had re- cently examined all of the specimens of Pellaea atro- purpurea and its allies in the Gray Herbarium and the Herbarium of the New England Botanical Club in an attempt to settle the identity of some ferns of this group from western Canada, and it may be of interest to record some of the facts which were disclosed by this study. Of the fern genera represented in the eastern United tates, Pellaea and the closely related genus Cheilanthes are peculiar in reaching our area from the south by way of South America, Mexico, and the southwestern part of the United States. Pellaea is a typical ausiral genus, highly developed in vemperate and tropical south Africa, the Malayan region, Australia, the Pacific Islands, and the Andes of South America, while it is entirely wanting from Europe, the Mediterranean part of Africa, and from Asia north of the Himalayas. Moreover, unlike many genera and even species of Andean ferns, it is hearly absent from ihe Wesi Indies.! In Mexico there are about iwenty species of this genus, and in our Southwesiern states over a dozen, while in the eastern Portion of North America there are only the species here discussed and Pellaea densa, which occurs from California to British Columbia and western Montana, (reer eee _ The only species which is known to occur in the West Indies is the Widely distributed P. ternifolia, which was found by Baron Eggers in the , : : ss mounta Ose i, ha &r parts of the West Indies. See Urban, Ign., Zur Hochbirgs Flora Sto. Domingo. Symbolae Antillanae 6: 286 et seq. 1909. 77 78 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL and then jumps to the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebee with a single intermediate station in Grey Co., Ontario, in the vicinity of Georgian Bay. Pellaea atropurpurea itself is reported from the Andes, though I have seen no South American material of this species. It occurs more or less throughout Mexico as is indicated by specimens from Chiapas in the extreme. south, from the region of Orizaba in the east and from Sonora in the northwest. In the United States it occurs in Arizona (Conservatory Canyon, Huachuca Mts.) and extends thence eastward io ithe Atlantic, as is tesd- fied by abundant material from nearly all the southern states in which there are rock outcrops suitable for its growth. With a single exception, the most northerly stations represented by specimens in the Gray Her- arium are eastern Kansas, ceniral Missouri, southern Illinois and Indiana, central and eastern Pennsylvania, western New York, northern New Jersey, and wester? New England. In New York there are several specimens from the vicinity of Syracuse, one from Seneca Lake and one from Fowler in Si. Lawrence Co. In New England tt is abundant in western Connecticut and southweste™ Massachusetts, and occurs at North Pownal, Dorset, and Burlington, Vermont. There are specimens from only two stations east of the Connecticut River, Mt. Toby, Sunderland, Massachusetts, and Lime Rock, Lincoln, Rhode Island, though I have definite informa- tion of a third locality in Bolton, Connecticut. References to Pellaea in ihe southern counties of Ohio are probably based at least in part on this species though I have seen no specimens of it from that stat and Prof.’ Pickett’s station in southeastern Nebraske extends the range slightly to the northwest of “ limits just outlined. The single exception noted abr. : 1s that true Pellaea atropurpurea occurs in the souther? PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA AND P. GLABELLA 79 part of the Black Hills of South Dakota, from which locality there are specimens in the Gray Herbarium.? Pellaea glabella, on the other hand, has a decidedly northern range. It is apparently more abundant and widespread in Vermont than P. atropurpurea. In tion to specimens which show that P. glabella occurs with P. atropurpurea near Burlington and at ’ Pownal, there is material of the former from Pittsford and from Willoughby Mt., Westmore. There are no specimens from southern New England in either the Gray Herbarium or that of the New England Botanical Club. There is a single specimen from Pennsylvania, one from Erie Co., Ohio, one from Owen Sound, Ontario, three from Wisconsin, two from south- eastern Minnesota, one from Clinton, Iowa, seven from Missouri, chiefly from the northern half of the state, and two from eastern Kansas—both of the last men- tioned being mixed collections of the two species. There are no specimens of Pellaea glabella from any of the southern states. t seems probable that all references to Pellaea atro- Purpurea in Canada* (with the possible exception of southern Ontario), where it is reported to occur as far north as Great Bear Lake, on the Arctic Circle, refer either to P. glabella, or to one of its western varieties. n Minnesota and western Wisconsin, where I am Personally familiar with this fern in its living state, it occurs pretty widely distributed on cliffs and ledges of dolomitic limestone or rarely on calcareous sandstone La argc *These specimens are: Hot Springs, 3500 ft. papers haus 14, 1892, - Rydberg no. 1190; False Bottom Gulch, 4000 ft e, Aug. 10, 1909, John Murdoch, Jr. no. 3573; “Black Hills Region, ga “ "1891, Wil- liams." The occurrence of this fern in the Black Hills, so far to the net Y parallel occurre tots Maigacn in the same region. See C. E. Bessey, Bot. Gaz. 26: 211, and Science, New Series, 8: 587. * Such as Hooker, w. J., Flora Boreali-Americana, 2: 264, 1940. Ma- “oun, John, Catalogue of Canadian Plants, 5: 260, 1890. 80 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL lying immediately below such ledges. It prefers full exposure to the sunlight, and sends its roots back deep into the joints of the rock. On prying off a piece of the ledge, I have exposed a mass of fern roots which ex- tended back nearly a meter into the crack. It is w- doubtedly this habit of deep rooting which enables the plant to live on dry and sun-baked ledges. In winter it can get almost no protection from the snow, but I have never seen it injured by the very low temperatures (—35° C and even —40° C) which are not infrequent. have never seen P. atropurpurea in Minnesota or west- ern Wisconsin. All of the cliff-brakes there are um- formly of the other species and they uniformly show the blue-green color mentioned by Pickett in his first article on these ferns.‘ It is thus seen that Pellaea atropurpurea and P. gla- bella occupy almost entirely distinct ranges, which barely overlap along a line running from Vermont ansas. Each species is remarkably uniform through- out a very extended range and the differences betwee? them, so well brought out by Pickett, are equally wel marked whether specimens are compared which come from the extreme limits of their range, or are taken from plants growing together on the same cliff, and collected at the same time. In view of these facts, there can be, I think, no question that they are perfectly distinct species. In regard to the differences between them, I may cite a few points not noted by Pickett in his article, : and one point in which my observations are not fully m accord with his. The scales of both species are COM posed, except at the very base, of elongated cells, thom 4 m4 P. atropurpurea being 10-20 times as long a the are wide, those of P. glabella about six times as loné * they are wide. The scales of P. atropurpurea are a * Amer. Fern Jour. 4:97. 1914. PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA AND P. GLABELLA 81 or very obscurely toothed, the teeth being visible only under a microscope of fairly high power. The scales of P. glabella usually have, on each side, a few rather prominent blunt teeth, easily seen with a good handlens. The spore measurements given by Pickett appear to be considerably too large, at least as applied to her- barium material. My measurements are as follows: Spores of P. atropurpurea, 50-68y. x 45-55u; spores of P. glabella, 55-85y, x 45-60u. Whether this discrep- ancy is due to the shrinking of the spores in herbarium material, or to an error in scale, can be determined only by examining fresh spores which are not available at the present writing. I find that, on the whole, the Shape of the spores does not differ materially in the two species. Both have some spores which are plainly tetrahedral, some obscurely tetrahedral, some nearly spherical and some elliptical. In both species the Spores have a wrinkled epispore, that of P. atropurpurea being much more coarsely wrinkled than that of P. glabella. In both species, in mounts of spores from herbarium material, the epispore is apt to crack off ex- posing the nearly smooth, pale yellow spore. In conclusion, it is well to note that there can be no Possible doubt as to the proper application of the two Specific names. In both cases the original descriptions are truly diagnostic. In addition, it is to be noted that Pteris atropurpurea of Linnaeus was founded on one of Clayion’s plants described by Gronovius and cited as stowing “‘ad ripam fluminis Rappahannock in umbroso loco ad Juniperi radicem juxta promontorium Anglice Point-look-out dictum,”’* a region where P. glabella is unknown. On the other hand, the habitat originally clied for P. glabella is “Kimmswick prope St. Louis. Visconsin, Columbia anglica (Lyall). Rocky Mis.,’* a Sige , , pronovius, J. F., Flora Virginica 197. 1739. Kuhn, Max, Reliquiae Mettenianae. Linnaea 36: 87. 1869. 82 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL range which corresponds entirely with the distribution of P. glabella as here recognized, taken together with a western variety of that species, while P. atropurpurea is not known in either Wisconsin or British Columbia. Typical Pellaea glabella appears not to cross the plains, but in the Black Hills, northern Rocky Moun- tains and westward, there are two forms which are s0 closely related to this species that it seems best to con- sider them as varieties of it. One of these is P. glabella var. occidentalis (E. Nelson),’ a plant which has already given a good deal of trouble to western systematists and collectors, having beet variously cited as P. Breweri, P. atropurpurea, as a neW variety of the last mentioned species, and as a neW species. That it is much more closely related to P. glabella than to P. atropurpurea is shown by the glabrous stipes, the form and structure of the scales, and the shape of the leaflets. In fact, in both of the last met tioned characters, it stands at one extreme of a series; and P. atropurpurea at the opposite extreme. ; It differs from typical P. glabella in its smaller size, having simpler and somewhat less coriaceous fronds with broader and less revolute fertile pinnae, in haviné shorter cells in the scales, and in having somewhat smaller spores, which are of a more uniformly tet! hedral shape. In size it varies from a height of about 2 cm. in the case of very depauperaie individuals, to4 maximum height of about 15 cm., apparenily rarely exceeding 1 dm., while mature planis of typical P. gla- bella are rarely under 1 dm. high. The fronds of the variety are almost always simply pinnate, though the lowest pinnae are rarely temaleY : o2A GLABELLA E. Nelson) new comb. Mett. ex Kuhn, var. occidentalis ( erst atropurpurea occidentalis E. Nelson, Fern Bull. 7? 30. 1889- hin be Ry db. Mem. New York Bot. Garden, 1: 4. 1900. @ occidentalis (E. Nelson) Rydb. loc. cit., 466. 1900. PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA AND P. GLABELLA 83 cleft into nearly equal segmenis, or, still more rarely, ternately compound. In the typical form of the species the lower one or two pairs of pinnae are nearly always ternately compound, even in depauperate individuals. The fertile pinnae of the variety are ovate or elliptical, and conspicuously broader than the ovate-lanceolate fertile pinnules of the common form. They also have less revolute margins, and are of a somewhat thinner texture. In all these respects, however, eastern speci- mens of this species display considerable variation, and occasionally approach very close to the western variety. Thus a specimen in the Gray Herbarium from Mar- garetia, Erie Co., Ohio, collected August 22, 1895, by E. L. Moseley, has some fronds which are almost exactly like those ordinarily seen in the variety occidentalis, though the spores and the scales are those of the typical eastern form. In Pellaea glabella var. occidentalis the cells of the scales are oblong, and even shorter than in the typical form of this species, being only 3-5 times as long as they are wide. The spores of the var. occidentalis differ from those of the typical form in being uniformly tetrahedral, 45-55u. in diameter. In view of the inconstancy of some of these points of difference, and the very minute character of the others, lt seems best to the author to regard this form as a 8eographical variety of Pellaea glabeila. All specimens of it in the Gray Herbarium are from South Dakota and Wyoming, though it probably has a somewhat more extended range. It is to be noted, however, that many Plants which have been distributed or cited under the names P. pumila Rydb., and P. occidentalis (E. Nelson) Rydb., have been incorrectly identified, and belong either to the following variety, or to P. Breweri. The following is a list of the specimens of P. glabella var. occidentalis in the Gray Herbarium: 84 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Sourn Daxota: Bull Springs in the limestone dis- trict west of Custer, altitude 6000-6500 ft., July 27, 1892, P. A. Rydberg no. 1191 (the type collection of Rydberg’s P. pumila, plants about 4 em. high, lower pinnae sometimes compound). Wyominc: on a perpendicular wall of limestone m a canyon, Laramie Hills, Albany Co., May 14, 1899, A, & E. Nelson, no. 6837 (this appears to be from the type locality of Nelson’s P. atropurpurea occidentalis, though it is not the type collection; it is an exceedingly depauperate form scarcely 3 cm. tall, and corresponds entirely with the original description of Nelson’s vat- iety); on limestone rock, Tongue River Canyon, 5000 ft. altitude, September 5, 1900, J. G. Jack (one small plant very similar to those of the Rydberg collection, and two others, much better developed, 10-15 em. tall): — The second western variety of P. glabella appears t0 be hitherto undescribed. It is PELLAEA GLABELLA Mett. ex Kuhn, var. simplex var. nov., pumila, frondibus 1-8 cm. longis pinnatls, pinnis 5-13 simplicibus sessilibus vel brevissime petiolatls lanceolatis vel ovato-lanceolatis 5-18 mm. longis 1.5-5 mm. latis fertilibus forte revolutis; paleis rufis 0.25 mm. latis cellulis elongatis instructis; stipite basin versus paleis capillis longis instar infrequentibus pubescente. Like the typical form of the species in iis stron y coriaceous and revolute narrow leaflets, this variety differs in its very small size and apparently in having the pinnae always simple. Its scales are somewhat narrower than those of typical P. glabella, rather i caudate, about 0.25 mm. wide at the base, and compost of cells 10-15 times as long as they are wide. ihe ~ : of the stipes are sparsely pubescent, with long hair-like scales. The spores are nearly as in the typical i elliptical, and 56-77, long. : In the Gray Herbarium there are three specimens o. : this variety: | PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA AND P. GLABELLA 85 New Mexico: Ft. Wingate 1883, W. Matthews. Wasuineton: Klickitat Co., August 11, 1892, W. N. Suksdorf no. 2083. British Cotumstra: dry face of cliff, Carbonate Draw (upper Columbia River above Golden) altitude 5900 ft. July 14, 1904, Z. R. Heacock in C. H. Shaw's Selkirk Flora no. 272 (type). It seems highly probable that all reports of Pellaea glabella and of P. atropurpurea from western Canada are based upon the variety just. discussed. Thus in the original description of P. glabella, the range is given, “Kimmswick prope St. Louis, Visconsin. Columbia anglica (Lyall). Rocky Mountains,’’* and Macoun, who oes not distinguish between P. glabella and P. atropur- pured, cites the following western stations for the latter species: “‘rare in crevices of limestone rocks on moun- tains near Kananaskis Station, Rocky Mountains, on the C. P. Ry., and on limestone cliffs, Clearwater River, north of Methy Portage, Lat. 57° N. W. Ter.; canyon near Buffalo Road Bridge and Cache Creek, B. C. (Ma- coun.) Hillsides on broken rocks, not common, Koo- tanie Disirict, B. C. (Anderson.) Canada to Bear Lake and the Rocky Mountains. (Richardson, Drum- mond.) Mountains between Nicola and Kamloops. Be: (Lawson.) Banff, Rocky Mountains Park. (J. Smith.) It is to be noted that the two western varieties of P.- glabella, like the typical eastern form of this species, appear to be strictly calciphile. Limestone is men- tioned as the habitat in all cases where any rock is Specified, and in other cases the region mentioned is Own to consist of limestones. The type specimen of the var. simplex comes from a region of calcareous foot- hills which .is known to have a strongly calciphile flora. * Kuhn, Max., Reliquiae Mettenianae, Linnaea 36: 87. 1869. *Macoun, John, Catalogue of Canadian Plants, part 5: 261. 1890. 86 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Noie on the range of Pellaea Breweri D.C. Eaton: As there has been much confusion in the distinction — of this species and P. glabella var. occidentalis, and as numerous specimens of P. Breweri have been distributed under the name P. occidentalis, it seems well to note briefly the characters of P. Breweri and what is known about its range. This fern was originally described by D. C. Eaton from specimens from the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California." It is clearly characterized by its exvra- ordinarily brittle stipes and non-coriaceous fronds, and by the peculiar form of its pinnae, which are usually mitien-shaped, or two-lobed, with the anterior lobe ‘considerably larger than the posterior. It is well il lusirated in Eaton’s Ferns of North America 1: pl. 43. The range of P. Breweri is from the Sierra Nevada Mountains, through the basin ranges of Nevada and Utah, to the Blue Mountains of Oregon, central Idaho, and western Wyoming. Throughout its range it i remarkably uniform in character. Unlike the varieties of P. glabella it seems to grow by preference on graniti¢ rocks. There are a large number of specimens of this fern in the Gray Herbarium. It seems unnecessary to cite those from California and Nevada, as there has been no confusion concerning it in those states. The follow- ing are the specimens from the northern and easter portions of its range: Wyomine: crevices in rocks, Leucite Hills, June 17, 1901, E. D. Merrill and E. N. Wilcox no. 474; same lo- cality, June 18, 1901, Merrill and Wilcox no. 513. IpaHo: rock crevices along the stream, Bear Canyo® Mackay, Custer Co., July 31, 1911, A. Nelson and J. F. Macbride no, 1449 *° Eaton, D. C., P he Am. : 555. 1865, is a com munication by e Am. Acad. A. & S. 6: 555 id and Nevad Dr. Asa Gray on Characters of some New Plants of Cali : a. ’ THE Mae Fern In VERMONT 87 Uran: rock crevices, Provo, June 16; 1002, f. Gooding no. 1114; Big Cottonwood Canyon, Lake Soli- tude, June 30, 1905, Rydberg and Carlton no. 6529; Cottonwood Canyon, Salt Lake Co., August 14, 1905, A. O. Garrett no. 1610; City Creek Canyon, July 11, 1885, F. E. Leonard; Peterson Canyon, Wahsatch Mts., 10,000 ft. altitude, July 19, 1902, Pammel and Blackwood no. 3844; Alta, Wahsatch Mts., 9000 ft. altitude, July 31, 1879, Marcus E. Jones, no. 1118; Cottonwood Can- yon, 9000 ft. altitude, July, 1869, Sereno Watson. OrEGOoN: Union Co., 1877, N. C. Cusick. CAMBRIDGE, Mass. The Male Fern in Vermont E. J. WINSLOW On the 19th of last July, in company with Prof. E. A. haw, of Norwich University, I discovered an extensive growth of Male Fern on Paine Mt. in the town of North- field, Vt. About two weeks later, on August 6th, I re- turned to Northfield with Mr. C. H. Bissell and we then made a more complete survey of this station. Paine Mt. is a level ridge 2600 ft. in elevation, ex- tending in a north and south direction, covered at the Summit with recent growth forest except a portion of the south end of the ridge and a clearing extending from this point down the western slope and rapidly widening ut into extensive pastures. The rock is slatey and further down toward Northfield village are several abandoned slate quarries. At this cleared south end among the rocks and bushes and scattered through the neighboring thickets the Male Fern is vigorous and abundant and from there it continues down the slope in a general northwesterly 88 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL direction along the edge of the forest, filling all the clear- ings and skirting the wood roads but avoiding both the deep shade and the open field, for a distance of a mile or more and down to about the 2000 foot level. This is the sixth station for the Male Fern to be dis- covered in Vermont, all within the past eleven years. It is many times more extensive than any of the earlier stations, several hundred feet higher in elevation and carries the range about 25 miles further north into Washington County. The area covered, which must exceed 20 acres, and the apparent age of some of the plants render it highly probable that the fern has in- habited this hill from primeval time ; although land at the lower end of the station has been cleared and settled for a century or more. The Male Fern was first discovered in Vermont by Miss Nancy Darling, who, in September, 1905, found a group of about a dozen plants in the town of Hartland, in the shade of poplar and maple trees at an elevation of about 1200 feet, and quite near the road. Out- ir igs ledges in the vicinity are described as mica schist. Mrs. Mabel Strong Heseltine discovered the fern in the southern part of Woodstock in August, 1906. She writes, ‘The Station is ina partially open spot, eviden tly an old-time wood road and in spring a water course, shaded by butternuts and other hard wood trees of -large size. On the right and on the left there is a dense growth of maple saplings, but no ferns beyond the Partially open ground.” The locality is further = Seribed as crowning a pasture hill and having a northem exposure. The number of plants in this station, * iven as one hundred or more, and the elevation 18 nearly 2000 feet. The Bridgewater station, also discovered by Mr: Heseltine jn a 1909, is largely in the highway. The plants THe Mate Fern In VERMONT 89 are plentifully scattered along both sides of the road for a number of rods. The elevation is about 1500 feet. Miss F. E. Corne discovered the fourth station in the southern part of Barnard in 1911. According to reports by Miss Corne and Mr. Rugg, who has visited the station, there are forty or fifty plants on a southeast slope at an elevation of 1700 feet or more, and shaded by butternut trees. ; These four discoveries were made in adjacent towns of Windsor County. But in October, 1913, Mr. D. L. Dutton and Mr. George Kirk found a number of plants in Brandon; thus locating it west of the Green Mountain Tange in Rutland County. The Brandon station has an elevation of only about 1000 feet, but it is in a cold ravine with Dryopteris dilatata. The rock is limestone. This familiar wayside fern of the Old World is con- fined in eastern North America to the higher latitudes and apparently comes to the southern limit of its range in Vermont as a sub-alpine species, thriving best in the high pastures and thickets, and when it escapes to lower altitudes choosing cool situations. To the fact that it does occasionally migrate to lower levels, and to the More important fact that amateur botanists have within recent years come to give particular attention to ferns Wwe owe its early discovery in Windsor County. The discoveries above described have been made by accident or in the course of general botanizing, but when the Male Fern is hunted for with its particular habits 'n mind it seems fairly certain that extensive growths will be found in the higher hills of Woodstock or Bridge- water, whence the fern has spread to the known sta- tions. Also in the mountains just east of the Brandon Station, and in fact anywhere among the higher hills throughout the state, and throughout the length of the Province of Quebec, in the northern Adirondacks and 90 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL perhaps in New Hampshire and northern Maine, it should be looked for with reasonable chance of success. It seems to have no very marked soil preference. Mr. Alexander Cowan, of Scotland, writes me regarding its habit in that country, “ZL. filiz-mas—grows equally well in different soils and in shade or sun,’ but later he adds, “if growing in shade they prefer light overhead—that is, Shaded only from the direct rays of the sun.” This describes very well the habit of the fern in Vermont. The hybrid D. fitix-mas x marginalis has been found in three of the earlier Vermont stations for the Male Fern, and at Northfield it is very abundant. The ferns seen in Northfield and vicinity make a list of 34 species, including the Ophioglossaceae, and includ- ing Woodsia ilvensis, which Prof. Shaw has recently added to the list. Some of the more interesting are: Botrychium angustisegmentum and Asplenium Tricho- manes collected in the neighboring town of Roxbury; Ophioglossum vulgatum, abundant and varied in some of the wet pastures; Polystichum Braunii, in rich woods mostly below 2000 feet; Dryopteris Goldiana, very abundant in some localities and sometimes accompani by Athyrium: angustifolium. The Polypod was Been but once, on a ledge near the river shore. The hillside pastures are very wet and springy and the Ostrich Fem grows well up to the 2000 foot line. AUBURNDALE, Mass. Notes and News CONCERNING PoLYsTICHUM ACROSTICHOIDES, FORMA LANCEOLATUM. The other day, in looking over a file of th e Fern Bulletin, I came across Prof. Clute’s desetiP- oe. of this form (in Vol. 20, p. 24) and was at or reminded of a queer Christmas fern which I had fo in Bloomfield, Conn., in 1908. My specimens have a Notes anp NEws 9] pinnae with irregular teeth, largest toward the base, and with three prominent veins, as described by him, but differ in having about half the pinnae auricled on the upper side, as in the typical form, and possess one peculiar character which he does not mention. The lateral veins bear a number of broad-based bristles, 1-2 mm. long, which, in the living plant, stand up at rignt angles to the plane of ihe pinnae and are similar in Size and structure to those which occur at the points of the teeth in normal fronds. The marginal teeth are mostly, but not always, without bristles. The accom- POLYSTICHUM ACROSTICHOIDES, F. LANCEOLATUM Panying sketch, which is about life-size, shows these Characters Dr. E. H. Eames writes me that his specimens of the original collection of forma lanceolatum show the same peculiarities: Prof. Clute’s description should, there- ore, be amended and expanded to include them. _ There was only a single plant at my station. I intended to revisit it and observe it further, but, owing to absence from home during several consecutive sum- mers, it was some years before I got there again. Then I found that the woods in the edge of which the plant had grown had been cut down and the plant itself had disappeared, CAL W. 92 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL GROWING FrerNs ror Cur LEAvEs.—It is a truism to say that the majority of ferns require shade for success- ful growth. Probably less than one per cent of all fern species, the number of which is estimated at from five to ten thousand, thrive in full sun. What native species if any produce their best leaves without a pat- ticle of shade? The illustration which represents a new adventure in the kind of fern for which it is intended, is the florists’ method of providing the proper shade on a commercial scale. The photograph was taken in Orlando, Florida, on the establishment of Mr. F. W. Fletcher. The structure is what is known as a lath house and is in common use in Florida for the Boston fern and varieties as these ferns do not require greenhouse protection, at least in the warmer parts of that state. In the north lath houses are used for hardy ferns by a number of growers. In greenhouses the proper shade is provided by a summer coating of white or green paint. The present lath house is of particular interest to the Fern Society because it is Mr. Fletcher’s intention to grow ferns for cut leaves. Polystichum adiantiformé, often called P. coriaceum, will be one of the ferns tried. This fern has a thick tough leathery leaf, well deservimg_ its common technical name, coriaceum. Tis leaf will keep its shape and freshness, even without water, much longer than the common native species which are pull m such quantities, Dryopteris intermedia and D. mar ginalis, and Polystichum acrostichoides. It is not quite as dainty as D. intermedia, but has an attractive thre pinnate leaf with glossy segments, something on the style of the sterile part of Botrychium silaifolium, and if it can be developed as a commercial success, We ™4 hope eventually for some diminution of the demand for the so-called “fancy” and “dagger” ferns from oe northern woods. Other ferns will also be grown {et AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Vol WK me RCo Z wast BARS \ va) Z. AN Ltt, PF THT se Eee OSH Oa" i FLT SS Beaks — age aa So ff ZAIN Lf af’ Rs 5? LATH HOUSE FOR GROWING FERNS, AT ORLANDO, FLA. Reprinted here by courtesy of the Florists’ Exchange) 7, PLATE 4 94 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL their leaves including the kinds which bring high prices for single leaves to which reference has been made in previous issues of the JouRNAL. R..-Gy ee Dr. Abel J. Grout has recently published a “Moss Flora of New York City and Vicinity.” (Published by the author, New Dorp, N. Y., Oct., 1916.) The flora covers all the counties of New York and New Jersey contiguous to the New York City, and all of Long Island as well, and comprises one hundred and twenty-one pages with twelve fine half-tone plates. A classifica- tion and key to moss families, and under each family, keys to the genera and species with descriptions of the genera and notes on the distribution and habitat of each species commend the book as a manual for practical use. R. C. B. Connecticut, which long ago passed the first law t0 provect a fern, has made a move toward the conserva tion ‘of wild ferns which have commercial value. At the last session of the legislature, a bill was introduced Which required that every package or bale of “florists greens’’—which, of course, means ferns—shipped ™ the state must be tagged with the name of the perso? from Whose land the greens were taken, and that the shipper must file a statement showing that he had pel mission to take them. In the case of carriage by autor mobile or other vehicle, the driver was required to have Such a statement in his possession. The bill had the Support of the State Forester and the State Experime® Station; it passed one house of the legislature, but fortunately failed of passage in the other. Its reappe*™” ance at future sessions is to be hoped for. Notes AND NEws 95 Such a law would not interfere with legitimate busi- ness; it would not, of course, prevent any short-sighted person from exterminating the ferns on his land—that Seems to be regarded as a natural right. But it would tend to stop irresponsible parties, who have not the Same interest as an owner in keeping up a continuous crop, from helping themselves. It is a move in the right direction ; and should be called to the attention of the authorities in all states where the fern-picking in- dustry is carried on. In a recent letter to Science, Professor Clute suggests that there ought to be some way of “distinguishing individuals who have attained eminence in their re- spective lines” of scientific work, regardless of whether they hold a doctor’s degree or not. Probably men who do good work find the recognition of it which they value Most in the respect and admiration of their colleagues, whether it be formally expressed or not; and this, we may believe, they rarely miss. Moreover, men who attain especial distinction commoaly receive recogni- “on in the shape of honorary degrees. Nevertheless, the suggestion is interesting, and it might be a very 800d thing if some central representative bodies, such as the sections of the American Association, could be empowered to give honorable mention to deserving work, Prof. Breckenridge writes as follows in regard to his Specimens of Onoclea sensibilis, forma obtusilobata, two °t which were illustrated in a recent number of the JOURNAL: UP picked at least’ kh down specimens of obtusi- lobata in Monkton, Vermont. . . . They were Picked about the middle of July. When I picked them 96 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL I was impressed by the faci that they grew in among thousands of the regular type of this fern, but there was no indication of any cutting having been done for years at that particular location. I said right away that these specimens could not have been the result of damage or cuiiing. As far as my observation goes, these are the only specimens I have gathered that do not appear io have been formed by injury io early plants. I feel very sure these could not have been the result of such early cutting or injury.” American Fern Society A joint meeting of American Fern Society members and members of the Appalachian Mountain Club was held in the rooms of the latter organization in the Tre- mont Building, Boston, during the day and evening of May 12th. Ferns were exhibited by Mr. R. A. Ware, of Bosion; Miss Stella May, of Gloucester; Miss M. A. Marshall, of Still River; and Miss F. E. Corne, of . Cambridge. of the State of Arizona.” Prof. Butters spoke 00 the Lady Fern and illustrated by numerous specimens the various forms that are grouped under this commo? name. Prof. Butiers has made a careful study of this group as it is represented in the different paris of Nort America, and has reached several conclusions which 7 new and interesiing. E. J. Winslow exhibited spect AMERICAN FERN Socrety 97 mens and spoke briefly on some new species and vari- eties recently published in Rhodora. € meeting was arranged by Mr. Ware, to whom thanks are due for a meeting that was exceedingly inter- esting and profitable in spite of the fact that the more popular parade in honor of General Joffre made travel through the streets of Boston somewhat difficult. E. J. Winstow. Mrs. Ella J. C. Hurd died in April at Daytona, Fla., aged 74 years. It had been her habit to divide the year among Florida, Washington, D. C., Huntington, L. I., and Hartland, Vt. Natural history was among her dearest interests and she did much to encourage the study of it by others. She is said to have started fern study at Hartland (where, it will be remembered, the first Vermont station for the male fern was dis- covered), by her example and the loan of books; and she made valuable gifts of books and specimens to ihe local nature club. She bequeathed her old house at Huntington, L. I., where she was born, to the local historical society. One room in it is to be used as a natural history museum, and the nucleus of its collec- tions will be some 200 specimens of butterflies which she herself had collected and in the mounting of which She did exquisite work, Wanted to exchange Blechnum brasiliense, Cyrtom- tum falcatum, Pteris Wimsettii, Dryopteris mollis, Trichomanes Petersii, Tr. radicans, Asplenium Bradley, A. Pinnatifidum, Adiantum Capillus-Veneris, and other ferns and orchids from the Southeastern United Staies : for European, African, or Japanese ferns—herbarium “pecimens. Also have old volumes of Bird Lore to sell “r exchange for fern literature.—E. W. Graves, Long Island, Ala, 98 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL New members: Bates, Miss Ethel, South Royalston, Mass. : ; Butters, Prof. Frederic K., University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minn. Child, W. A., 389 Hess St., S. Hamilton, Ontario. Clarkson, E. H., 41 Tyng St., Newburyport, Mass Lewis, Rev. Charles Smith, St. Mary’s Rectory, Burlington, N.J. McColl, W. R., Owen Sound, Ontario. : Scott, Mrs. Willard, 489 Washington St., Brookline, Mass. Changes of address: Greene, F. C., 30 North Yorktown St., Tulsa, Okla. _ Wertsner, Clayton S., 11th and Race Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. Through an exchange, the Society has just acquired a nearly complete set of the Philippine Journal of Sci- ence, Section C, Botany. This set contains a number of articles on tropical ferns by Dr. E. B. Copeland, and—with certain restrictions, since it is not yet bound— is available for lending to members. The missing null- bers are: Vol. 2, no. 6; Vol. 6, no. 1; and Vol. 7, 00% 1-3. The Secretary will be obliged to any one who call tell him where these numbers can be procured. President Palmer has appointed the following cor mittee to nominate officers for 1918: Chairman, Mr. C. H. Bissell, Southington, Conn., Mr. Robert A. Ware and Dr. Philip Dowell. All concerned are remind that independent nominations made by any three mem bers in good standing and sent to the Chairman . the - Nominating Committee before August 20th, will be placed on the official ballot. American Sern Journal Vol. 7 OCTOBER-DECEMBER, 1917 No. 4 Fresh Pleasures from old Fields H. E. RANSIER A man past 60, country raised, went to the Adiron- dacks for a few weeks recently for his health. While killing time on his balsam bed, he picked the leaves of plants within his reach. Something about one kind which abounded, excited his curiosity and he asked the guide the name of the plant. The guide did not know, neither did any one he inquired of, so he brought home a few of the leaves and put it up to me, saying the leaves when rubbed to a powder in his hands, would produce Violent sneezing. They were only common buttercup leaves, Ranunculus acris. It appears that none were in flower when he saw them. This is an extreme case, but illustrates how we all are apt to overlook the common things that surround us, be it plant, insect or animal life. The purpose of this article is to help its readers - to become more intimately acquainted with the ferns that abound in their own section, and to show how they may get fresh pleasures from old fields, for what is true of the hart’s tongue fern, may be equally so of some more Common kind that may have not been noticed closely - heretofore, To be located. in a section rich in ferns and yet be able to go afield but a couple of half days in a season has “n my lot for many years. Under such circumstances there has been a tendency to follow well known and familiar paths. ‘This in itself tends to a monotonous — (No, 3 Of the JOURNAL (7: 61-98, Plate 4) was issued Aug. 9, 1917.] 99 100 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL experience, but in my case, I have been saved from it by a habit of looking for unusual forms, a habit formed before I became chained so closely to business and now I feel spurred on to search for each season’s fresh prizes very closely. A great many members of the Fern Society _ would be happy to spend a half day with the hart’s tongues, but unless attention had been drawn to it, a would only see the normal forms, as I did myself fora _ long time. After having become familiar with its lim- _ ited range, there was but little to keep up one’s interest in it, aside from collecting specimens, piloting others, oF e occasionally taking a plant for potting. ut now, I never fail to visit every station and scrutin- ize every frond possible. How great the pleasure when oi one stumbles upon a new form, and they rarely are twice — alike! How excited one is to find fronds having three, four, and even up to eight tips! On a recent trip, the day was ideal. A forty-five minute trolley ride, then a tramp through daisies, butter cups, alfalfa, mouse-ear, hawkweed and strawberries. Giant Trilliums filled the woods, green and scarlet fungl fringed the woodland; wintergreens abounded and links, meadow larks, blue jays and catbirds with @ host of others were met with along the way. A spot where wild strawberries crowded out everything else stoppel me. It was fairly scarlet with ripe clusters and I hailed & couple of passing hunters to share the feast with mé Soon the Scolopendriums have been reached; the alt ®- damp and dank. Mosquitoes are there to weleome M& I fancied the first one I met hailed his fellows with “Heyy boys! Here he comes and it’s his last trip this year! 4° for him!” Perhaps my skin is tender. Perhaps they do not fear me on account of my size. Possibly they are simply hungry. Any way, they gave me every at tention while I remained. The first 20 plants inspected, yielded 6 forked oS Within a 50-foot circle, 23 forked fronds were fount: AMERICAN F'reRmn JORNAL Vor. 7, PLATE 5. i i] ‘ ir ForkinG Tips oF THE Hart’s-TONGUE FERN (From a photograph by H. E. Ransier) 102 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL mostly short forkings. During the afternoon over 40 abnormal tips were discovered, about 30 of them slight forked, 10 were with forks an inch or so long, 4 had divisions 114 inch deep, 4 about two inches long, 2 abou three inches, 2 about four inches, and one was forked three times. The finest specimen collected in 1917 bears five d tinct tips, the central one about the size and position a normal tip, with a double-tipped lobe on either § below it, making a cross-shaped ending of the frond, measuring 214 inches across, about 34 of an inch belo the centre tip. I am satisfied if I find half a dozen welt forked specimens on a single trip, such as those num- bered 6, 8, 11, 23, 24 and 21 on plate 5. A great ma similar to numbers 2, 15, 16 and 10 may be picked almost any time. Specimens like 12, 13 and 26 are unfortunately only the freak tip was preserved, as 11 ee not able to carry the whole frond, which was an UWF starved fronds are found forking too and this seems « disprove the theory, as specimen No. 25 would indicate which is about as completely forked as one can desit It is not an uncommon thing to find more than forked frond on a single root, and sometimes several found together. Similar ones to Nos. 24 and 26 frequently found under the others, as the stem seems equal to the task of supporting a matured well-fork® fertile frond. On my last trip I searched for fors® fronds of the previous year’s growth, as the old ones were still green and nearly perfect, though prostra and covered with decaying leaves, and in no case S Vor. 7, PLaTe 6. Forms or Basa LoBEs In THE HART’s-TONGUE FERN (From a photograph by H. E. Ransier) 104 — AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL appear that forking fronds had grown on the same plant two years in succession. Of course, such may have been collected the previous season, but it seemed strange that not one specimen should have been found to have forked in 1916 as well as in 1917. : It is more common to find a number of fronds having — abnormal lobes at the base on a single plant, than to find several with abnormal tips on one specimen. No record has been kept of the place and date of collection of any of those used in illustrating this article, but it is safe to say that all were collected within six miles of Manlius and most of them within 3 miles. A great many better ones have been distributed to members than some used for the cuts. By oversight the plate showing tips does not include a normal one for comparison with the others, but the other plate happens to show several of the normal tips among the abnormal bases. It is well to notice that Figures 1 and 2 on plate 6 are of normal base lobes. Also that this plate happens to show fronds various stages of spore development. Manutvs, N. Y. Notes on American Ferns—XI' Witit1am R. Maxon CaMPTOSORUS FROM OKLAHOMA.—The walking fem™ Camptosorus rhizophyllus, is known from Kansas, be of seems not to have been recorded’ from the territoly immediately southward. Excellent Oklahoma spe mens have recently been distributed, however, by ; G. W. Stevens, being his Nos. 2003 and 2005, collected hear Pawhuska, Osage County, in August, 1913. THE ALTITUDINAL RaNnGE or ASPLENIUM MONTANU™: —In his paper of nearly twenty-five years ago” recording ay 4 eee gaaion: by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian 1 ? Bull. Torrey Club 20: 455-467. 1893. Notes on AMERICAN FERNS—XI 105 the extremes of altitude observed for the ferns of the Appalachian Mountain system, Dr. John K. Small gives the maximum elevation for Asplenium montanum as 4500 feet, on Grandfather Mountain, North Carolina (Small & Heller). This is considerably exceeded by specimens collected in May, 1917, at the very summit of Mount Pisgah, North Carolina, altitude 5749 feet, by Mr. Frank Crayton and the writer. The species has been collected also at about 5000 feet in the vicinity of Eagle’s Nest, near Waynesville, North Carolina (Standley 5398) and at about 4500 feet on the upper slopes of Rabun Bald, Rabun County, Georgia (House 2257), and there are several other records of above 4000 feet. It descends to about 100 feet altitude at the Great Falls of the Potomac River, just above Wash- ington, D. C. NOTHOLAENA CRETACEA AN AGGREGATE.—In some recent notes on Notholaena® the writer has undertaken to show that the Mexican and United States specimens passing commonly as N. cretacea Liebm. actually repre- sent three species. As this publication is not generally available to Fern Society members it seems desirable to indicate briefly the conclusions reached. The three Species recognized are: N. cretacea Liebm., known only from a few localities in the southerly state of Puebla; N. neglecta Maxon, a new species known from the states of Coahuila and Chihuahua, and from two collections in the Huachuca and Mule Mountains of extreme south- eastern Arizona; N. californica D. C. Eaton, abundant in southern California and known also from a single locality in adjacent western Arizona and from several Stations in Lower California. The distinguishing char- acters of the three species are mentioned in some detail. DicRANOPTERIS FLEXUOSA AGAIN COLLECTED IN ALA- BaMA.—In the course of zoological collecting in Alabama Phere * Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 17: 601-604. 1916. 106 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL late in 1916 Mr. Arthur H. Howell, of the Bureau of Biological Survey, Department of Agriculture, had an opportunity to visit the locality for Dicranopteris flexuosa near Delchamps Station, a few miles from Mobile, re- corded by the writer several years ago.‘ - That the fern is actually well established at this place is clear from Mr. Howell’s observations. He writes that it was found “in exactly the situation described, in a round hole in the side of a shallow railroad cut,” and adds, “The big flood of last July may have enlarged the original fissure, but apparently it did not injure the plants. I found only a single clump, comprising pet- haps 40 or 50 stalks, closely bunched, in which were mixed a number of dead fronds.’’ Mr. Howell collected several specimens, of which a part have been added to the National Herbarium. ey EquisETUM PaLUSTRE IN OrEGoN.—This species seems to be well known as occurring in the State of Washington, but not to have been reported from the region southward. A specimen received at the National Herbarium for identification recently bears the follow- ing data: Jarboe Creek bottom, Wenaha National Forest, Oregon, altitude 4000 ft., July 30, 1916, William E. Lawrence 95. Wasuineton, D. C. A new Notholaena from the Southwest Wittiam R. Maxon In the second of a series of five articles published the American Naturalist for 1875, giving an ns his botanical investigations in southern Utah during t ‘ preceding year, Dr. C. C. Parry records, in the follow- ‘Amer. Fern Journ. 4: 15. ‘ i ss "Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institt 4 in. gis A New NorHouaENA 107 ing words, his discovery of a fern new to the United States: “At our nooning place, having reached an eleva- tion of not less than one thousand feet above the valley of the Virgen, a deep gorge in the limestone rocks af- forded a scant supply of water. In the abrupt face of these perpendicular rocks, a delicate fern was noticed, which Prof. Eaton has determined to be identical with the Notholaena tenera Gillies, from the South American Andes, not before found in North America. Owing to the shortness of our stay and the difficulty of securing Specimens from the inaccessible positions in which they grew, only scanty collections were made, but the local- ity is so readily identified that some future botanist will be able to supply the demand for this interesting addi- tion to North American Filices.”2 In the concluding Paper (p. 351) the locality data are stated more defin- itely, as follows: “Crevices of perpendicular limestone rocks in a deep ravine near the base of Beaver-dam Mountains, twelve miles southwest of St. George,” with brief comments by Eaton, these comparing the Utah Plants with South American material. Notholaena tenera was originally described from Argentine speci- mens,’ and had been known previously only from the Andes of South America. In ‘Ferns of the Southwest”! Eaton published a de- scription of “‘ Notholaena tenera,’” basing it chiefly upon southern Utah plants, additional specimens of which Were said to have been collected by Dr. Edward Palmer in 1877. A short time later, in the Ferns of North America,’ Eaton figured the Utah plants as N. tenera; and though expressing some doubt as to their proper eS 2 ‘ * Curtis's Bot. Mag. 5: pl. 3055. 1831. Also figured Leena haces Sle 22, fig. 2) and by Hooker & Bauer (Gen. Fil. pl. 76.A.). — Soom v. 8, Geographical Sarvey West of One paarodshs Mac “1: lageme pti ee figs. 9-13. 108 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL reference to this South American species, and citing Baker’s opinion to the contrary, he nevertheless drew a description of N. tenera to cover both forms. The Parry and Palmer plants have not been seen by the writer. Agreeing with the figures and descriptive notes, however, are several other specimens now at hand from southern Utah and southern California, and these indi- cate an undescribed species wholly distinct from N. tenera. It may be known as below, the name being given in honor of Mr. Marcus E. Jones, author of “Ferns of the West” and for many years a keen and interested collector of this group. Notholaena Jonesii Maxon, sp. nov.—Plants tufted, the rhizome short, oblique, conspicuously chaffy, the scales linear, very long-attenuate, thin, bright brown; fronds 3-10 em. long, spreading, the stipes curved, closely fasciculate, reddish brown, sublustrous; blades mostly twice as long as the stipes, oblong-ovate 10 narrowly triangular, bipinnate; pinnae few, opposite t0 alternate, with one or two pairs of distant, entire 1 crenately lobed, roundish or subcordate pinnules and & similar, but larger, terminal segment; pinnules mostly short-stalked, the stalks flat and greenish brown; leaf- tissue apparently fleshy, herbaceous, glabrous, some What glaucous, not at all pulverulent; sporangia bon toward the end of the once or twice forked veins im 4 broad submarginal band, dark, nearly globose. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 350447, collected in Panamint Canyon, Inyo County, Californ'® altitude 1200 meters, May 4, 1897, by Marcus E. Jones Additional specimens are: Fifteen miles west of ®t George, Utah, Jones 5004d; crevices of dry limeston? cliffs, mountains back of Cushenberry Spring, San Be ardino County, California, May, 1882, S. B. & W-** Parish 1242; and a second Parish specimen, also ook, lected in May, 1882, marked ‘“Cushenberry, - A New NortrHoLaENA 109 Ber. Mt.” Of the several collections the specimen se- lected as the type is by far the largest and best pre- served. Of Notholaena tenera specimens are in the National Herbarium from Argentina (Cordoba, Kuntze), Bolivia (Rusby 326, 327), and Peru (Wilkes Exped. 4, Safford 992, Rose 19471), all from the high mountains, up to at _ least 3000 meters. From these N. Jonesii differs con- stantly in its much lower stature and its depressed- spreading habit, in its very much more slender, long- attenuate rhizome scales, in its reddish brown (not purplish black) stipe and rachises,.in having the blades bipinnate with only the major pinnules of the larger pinnae deeply lobed or divided (as opposed to the sub- tripinnate blades of N. tenera), and in the orbicular to subcordate (not elliptical to oval) form of its pinnules, these attached to the secondary rachises by short flat- tish, greenish brown stalks in contrast to the slender, terete, purplish black stalks of N. tenera. The dark wiry rachises throughout give N. tenera the appearance of a much more slender and delicate plant than N. Jonesii, despite its far greater size. Apparently N. Jonesii is extremely rare and not often collected. It seems to be a pronounced xerophyte and will probably not be found far from the area within which it is now known. As N. tenera, it has been reported from Arizona. The California localities, including at least two not mentioned above, have been discussed interestingly by Mr. 8. B. Parish.* ASHINGTON, D. C. ess. *Erythea 1: 153-154. 1893. See also, Fern Bull. 12: 6. 1904. 110 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Observations on the habitat of certain ferns EDGAR T. WHERRY In the course of geological field-work in the Appa- lachian Mountains the writer has often found ferns which are usually regarded as characteristic of caleareous rocks growing on rocks such as granite, sandstone, and schist, which are as a rule very low in lime. In order to ascertain whether the presence or absence of lime in a rock has anything to do with the growth of the ferns upon it, a series of chemical analyses has been made, with the results herein described.* For the first subject the walking fern, Camptosorus rhizophyllus, was selected, and samples of the rocks and the soils on which it was growing were collected at twenty stations in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia, and West Virginia,? ten different rocks being repre sented. The percentage of lime in each rock was firs determined, and, as had been expected, was found te vary widely; one pure limestone proved to contain over 53% of lime, but there was less than 5% in many of the rocks, and mere traces in several of them. The fern}; therefore. by no means limited to calcareous rocks; it must get lime from some source, however, for analysis of the ash obtained by burning its leaves showed the presence of 30% or more of this constituent. So examil- ation of the soil in which its roots were imbedded seemed desirable. ‘The detailed results of the analyses so been apes in Jour aes, in 1G: Daaee 879-4 on Davis, . Bucknell University Lewis burg, Pa.; : : ir- ee Stotler and Prof. - T. McDonald, of Harper's Ferry, West V ie comprised limeston Anite Pane limestone-PeP>® conglomerate, hat gneiss sat = argillaceous lim: nacadihegr os ca-schist, granite, — essere, and quartzite; there were also two occurrences mie OBSERVATIONS ON FERN HABITATS i114 The total amount of lime in the several samples of soil was found to vary from 1.2 to 10.5%, the average being 4.4%. When it is considered that the field soils of the same regions contain on the average only 0.8% of lime the highly calcareous character of the soils sup- porting the growth of this fern is evident. Determina- tion of the amounts of water-soluble lime gave a similar result, the fern soils yielding 0.08%, the field soils only %. These data clearly indicate that Camptosorus is a lime- loving plant; so the problem resolves itself into account- ing for the presence of a soil containing 4 or 5% of total lime in the crevices of a rock which may carry only traces of this substance. The explanation is not dif- ficult to find; the soil supporting the growth of the fern Is in most cases a black, powdery material consisting chiefly of bits of leaves, stems, ete., in various stages of decay, and containing only minor amounts of rock frag- ments derived from the adjacent ledges. Such vege- table matter contains even in its fresh state 2 or 3% of lime; and upon its decomposition organic substances are volatilized, resulting in a gradual concentration of this lime. Some of this substance may be carried away by rain water, but enough remains to render the soil eaieareous, and to satisfy the lime-requirement of the ern. In addition to Camptosorus several other rock ferns have been studied from the same viewpoint, with similar Tesults. They comprise: Asplenium ebenoides, A. mon- lanum, A, pinnatifidum, A. ruta-muraria, A. tricho- Manes; Cheilanthes lanosa, and Pellaea atropurpurea. In (rae It has been fully treated by Mr. Frederick V. Coville, in “ The sae " Jo cad. Sci., Vol. 3, 1913, p. 77; So. The soils over limestone are in fact often poorer in lime than those os Other rocks, owing to the comparatively great solubility of limestone Water, a 112 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL all cases the soils in which the roots were imbedded proved to be highly calcareous, even though the ad- joining rocks were not. In view of the above results it seems obvious that in the study of the habitats of plants, such as these ferns, the mere superficial: recording of the kind of rock is inadequate, and may lead to erroneous conclusions. The nature of the soil upon the rock is the important factor, and this should always be examined to find out whether, instead of being derived from the rock, it may not consist essentially of decayed vegetable matter. In the latter case, lime-loving plants may be enabled to thrive even though the underlying rock is wholly non- calcareous. U. 8. Nationa, MusEum,*® WasHINnaTON, D. C. Cheilanthes lanosa and Isoetes in Indiana CHARLES C. DEAM The only record for Cheilanthes lanosa (Michx.) Watt for Indiana is contained in a list of the “Plants of the Lower Wabash Valley” by Dr. J. Schneck. This list was published by the Indiana Geological Survey ™ 1876. The area included in the title “Lower Wabash Valley” is that below the confluence of White River of Indiana. The Indiana territory included was parts ° Gibson and Posey Counties. The habitat of Cheilanthes lanosa is given as rocky ledges. In Gibson and Posey Counties there are no rocky ledges, except a few ge sand-stone ledges on the “Gordon Hills” in Gibso? County, and a few low limestone ledges along the We bash River below New Harmony. The writer has searched all of these and has failed to find the is i | ferred to, although the pressure of forty years of OV Sex 4 y : Since this paper was written transferred to the Bureau of Chemis of aS ce a ee: 3. ae Ss To Tage ep oe tn ea Ade Ra aah merge CHEILANTHES AND ISOETES IN INDIANA 113 ization since the report was made may have extermin- ated it. Further, the writer purchased all of the Indiana specimens contained in the Schneck herbarium, and this fern was not in the lot. From a consideration of the preceding facts, it is believed that Schneck did not find his specimen in Indiana, but in one of the adjoining counties of Illinois, which has rocky ledges. On June 29, 1915, the writer found this species in Perry County about six miles east of Cannelton on the top of the high rocky bluff of the Ohio River. It was noted but once, and was located on the top and near the edge of a high perpendicular ledge of rock. The Specimens formed a mat over an area about two feet ong and a foot and a half wide. On July 10, 1915, I again found this species in Martin County in the crevices of a rocky bluff along White River about five miles north of Shoals. The rocky ledges at this place are locally known as the McBride bluffs. Here it is sparingly found in isolated tufts. It is of interest to note that Polypodium polypodioides (L.) Hitche. covered large areas of the perpendicular ledges at this place. This is the most northern location for the latter species in Indiana. The genus Isoetes was not known in Indiana until I found Isoetes foveolata A. A. Eaton in Harrison County, June 25, 1915. This species was found in abundance in a low woods four miles south and one mile east of Pal- myra. It formed a mass about four feet wide and twenty-five feet long. It was located in a long ago abandoned logging road through a thick woods of tall trees. The trees nearest were Liquidambar, Quercus palustris, Nyssa sylvatica and Acer rubrum. The only herbaceous plants nearby were Ludwigia palustris and amolus floribunda. An additional species of Isoetes was found in Craw- ford County on Oct. 12, 1916. It was located in a small 114 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL pond in a field near the north side of an east and west road, and about one mile east of Pilot Knob hill. The pond was dry on this date, but the species is submerged in this pond the greater part of the year. This species proved to be Isoetes Braunii Durieu. Both species of Isoetes were determined by Prof. L. 8. Hopkins. Spectr mens of the species of ferns and quillworts mentioned in this paper have been distributed among the larger herbaria of the United States. Buurrron, INDIANA. Experiences with a Fern Garden—Il Cc. L. GRUBER In August, 1911, a magnificent specimen of the com- mon brake, four feet high, was brought home and planted in the yard along a wire-netting fence. On account of its weedlike propensities I did not trust it in the fem bed. In 1912 it sent up eight fronds, but none half se high as the one I planted; but in 1913, when more than” thirty-five fronds were produced, a number were nearly as tall as the original one. I set a barrier of boards, te inches wide, into the ground to confine the ferns withm a given space, but some rootstocks dived beneath the boards and sent up fronds six inches to four feet aways several coming up out of a bank eighteen inches abové the level of the area in which I had attempted to inclosé them. The bracken usually begins to grow during 7 last week in April. Practically all the fronds are fertile and the brown sporangia ripen from the middle of Jun till into September. From a station thirty miles away I brought ine plants in my fern garden in August, 1911. I planted one . them in the open ordinary soil, another at the base ® of the purple-stemmed cliff brake and set the? EXPERIENCES WITH A Fern GarpEN—II 115 the rock pile, and the third among some flat pieces of flaky limestone. The third one alone seemed to be planted in soil adapted to its needs. The plant set in the ordinary soil, away from stones, a vigorous specimen, died in 1912, the one at the base of the rock pile failed to appear in 1913, but the other, set among limestones, grew finely till 1916, when, after producing a half-dozen fine fronds, it began to decline and was dead by the middle of summer. The first fronds of spring appeared from April 25 to May 10 and the dark brown to shiny only partly fertile. On upright fronds the pinnae usually stand in a horizontal position. In June, 1911, I selected two obtuse woodsias from among dozens growing on a rocky bank, for my fern garden and planted them in the ordinary soil of the garden. They thrived wonderfully in their new home, producing more and finer fronds than in the wild state. On their native rocks, exposed to the sun for at least half of the day, the ferns were rather slender, more or less decumbent, and yellow-green, but on my fern bed most of them were strong, erect, and bluish green, and one peculiarity was that they were much more hairy than their former companions growing on the ledges. The woodsias are among the first to appear im spring, Sometimes appearing as early as March 25 and never delaying their coming beyond the middle of April. Practically all the fronds are fertile and the brown ‘porangia continue to ripen on successive fronds from about the 5th of June till into September. I have good evidence that some ferns die of old age. One of the obtuse woodsias, a strong plant, multiplied and spread Cutward so rapidly that its root base measured over seven inches in diameter by the close of 1913. In the 116 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL spring of 1914 the central portion was dead, but the new growth formed a circle of fronds around it. In 1915 only a few weak fronds appeared. By trans- planting some of the young growth of 1914, I soon had a new clump of thrifty woodsias. In the case of several species of ferns, this method of transplanting appears to be the best plan for keeping the fern garden stocked with typical specimens. In 1914 I noticed a tiny fern outside the fern bed, in a slightly moss-grown place. This proved later to be a seedling woodsia, the first fern to grow from the spores of my garden, and in 1916 I gave it a place in the bed where it promptly sent up typical woodsia fronds. I have had difficulty in growing rattlesnake ferns. ! planted one in 1911 and two in 1912, but all failed to appear the second year after they were planted. In 1914 I again planted two of these ferns and they were still growing in 1916. The new growth appeared m spring from April 26 to May 5; but when they fruited at all they fruited so poorly that no reliable record could be kept of the ripening of their yellow sporang|a. If their rights are properly respected, the grape ferns are easily cultivated. During 1911 and 1912 1 planted five grape ferns; but when I dug up the fern bed in 1918 I evidently disturbed their roots unduly, an unfortunate occurrence which all except one resented by dyins- The one exception lay dormant during 1914 and agai? appeared in 1915. In September, 1914, I planted tw grape ferns of the obliquum type, two of the dissectum type, and one intermediate between them. I now havé five growing grape ferns, mostly thrifty plants in 1916, four of them fruited and one, the dissectum of 1912, produced two sterile fronds in addition to 4 fertile frond. The bronzed sterile fronds of 1915 7% mained as late as the first or second week in August, 1916, and at the beginning of August they were still EXPERIENCES WITH A FERN GARDEN—II_ 117 living but withering and becoming blotched with black. The young fronds appeared, both sterile and fertile at the same time, on dates varying from June 20 to July. 10 and rather regularly distributed between them, except one very late one which appeared on July 22; and the yellow sporangia ripen from September 15 to September 25. No ferns respond more readily to cultivation than the Christmas ferns. In August, 1912, I planted two of these ferns of the common type, one of the crispum form, and one of the inciswm form, and all grow satis- factorily. The new fronds commonly appear in spring from April 12 to April 24. Most of the first fronds are fertile and the orange-brown spore cases ripen com- _monly during the first week.in June although on some fronds they do not ripen till the middle of June. The Spores of the variety crispum seem to come to maturity a few days earlier, my record for three successive years giving the date as May 30. After the spores are shed the persistent indusium frequently has the shape of an inverted square pyramid. Sterile fronds appear from the middle of June to the beginning of August. Two dwarf spleenworts were transferred to my fern garden in July, 1911. One, planted in ordinary soil away from stones, was dead in the spring of 1914; the Other, set in a crevice of the rock pile, has developed into a fine specimen and sends up an increasing number of fronds each year. In 1913 a few fronds began grow- ing on April 12, but the usual time for them to appeet 1s the first week in May. The rich brown sporangia Tipen about the third week in June. The first fronds are practically all fertile and fruiting fronds continue to appear as late as July, the sterile fronds, usually not numerous, appearing late in June and in July. The ebony spleenwort has so far disappointed me. From 1911 to 1914 I planted seven of these pretty 118 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL ferns and by 1916 every one of them was dead. Dur- ing the two or three years of their life they produced a few short fertile fronds and a few sterile fronds. The data concerning their growth were consequently unre- liable; but those concerning the dwarf spleenwort seem to fit the ebony spleenwort exactly. Cultivated or wild, the lady fern is a vigorous grower; and it seems to me as if the plant in cultivation increases the spread of its rootstocks more rapidly and produces more numerous fronds than it does when growing wild. In May, 1911, I planted two of these ferns in my fern bed, one of the regular type and one of the red-stemmed variety; and in August, 1912, I planted a form with broader and more leafy fronds. All are growing Vigor ously, the red-stemmed form, especially, having Pro duced a dense mass of rootstocks bulging several inches above the surface. The extreme dates when these ferns began to grow in spring are April 17 and May 1, but the usual time for their appearance is April 24. 1 also planted one red-stemmed lady fern in ordinary soil along a fence and it thrives as well as those on the _ bed. The first fronds are sterile or only partly fertile, the fertile fronds appearing from two to four weeks later. The leafy-fronded form seems to produce smaller percentage of fertile fronds than the others. In 1914 a rather severe drought prevailed during May and the beginning of June, but toward the middle of June wet weather set in and most of the ferns responded # the welcome change by producing new fronds. The Was especially noticeable in the lady ferns, large 2U™ bers of fertile fronds appearing during the latter half of June. The light brown to brown sporangia, dark brow? to nearly black on the red-stemmed form, beg? he ripen by the end of June, rarely by the middle of June, ~ fronds with ripening fruit may often be fom rater August. The pale young fruit dots giv ck of the frond a slightly silvery appearance. EXPERIENCES WITH A FERN GAarRDEN—II 119 In May, 1911, I planted two silvery spleenworts, one along a fence in open sunlight, the other on the fern bed, in partial shade. Both are growing fairly well, but it is a peculiar fact that the fern along the fence, which by this time has formed an elevated circular mass of strong rootstocks, thrives better and produces larger fronds and a greater number of fertile fronds than the one on the fern bed. Neither of them, however, equals the fern in its wild state. The difference in texture of the fronds and in color, yellow-green in the sunlight, green or blue- green in the shade, is quite noticeable in my two plants. The young fronds appear from April 24 to May 6. The first fronds are sterile, the fertile fronds appearing about the middle of June and in July. The young fruit dots are prominent and give the under side of the frond a silvery appearance. The sporangia begin to ripen dur- ing the latter part of July and continue to mature on Successive fronds till September; but long before the Sori open the dark brown sporangia are visible through the pale green or whitish, thick and fleshy, transparent imdusium. For some time the polypody refused to appreciate the care I bestowed upon it; but I now have three clumps of these ferns growing, two between stones of the rock pile and one in the ordinary soil of the fern bed Partially shaded by the overhanging fronds of the inter- Tupted fern. The first fronds are mostly fertile and begin growing from April 19 to April 26, the sterile fronds appearing during June. The lemon to dark orange sori, thick, cushiony buttons, ripen their orange to orange-brown sporangia during the latter part of July and the beginning of August. The beech fern, like the bracken, is addicted more or less to roving habits. In July, 1911, I planted a root- Stock containing a few fronds of the broad beech fern. It took kindly to its new home in the fern bed, wandering ther and thither among the other ferns, and, when 120 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL crowded by their overhanging fronds, rose to the occa- sion, lengthened its stipes, and lifted its triangular fronds above the shoulders of its jostling neighbors. The young fronds began to grow late in April or early in May, most of the earliest ones being sterile, and im some years fertile fronds appeared as late as August. The light brown to brown spore cases begin to ripen about or soon after the middle of July and ripe sporangia may be found on some fronds as late as September. The earliest of the ferns in my garden is the fragile bladder fern. The young fronds appear during the first days of April; and one of my notes of March 27, 1913, states that the crosiers were coming at that time, their green heads beginning to uncoil. In 1915 they began to grow on April 5, but grew very slowly till April 10, when a warm shower, raining at intervals during the night, produced a growth of a full inch till the next morning. Some of the fronds are almost fully grown by the end of April. The first fronds are ge” erally fertile and sterile and fertile fronds continue © appear during June and July. The two plants, brought from a wet place among stones and set in my fern be m July, 1912, have developed into two-beautiful masses of ferns. The black or black-brown sporangia ripen the earliest fronds by the close of May. In September, 1910, I brought the rootstocks of tw bulb-bearing bladder ferns from a station thirty miles away, the nearest one known, placed them in soil in 4 box dug into the ground for the winter, and plant them in my fern bed in May, 1911. They. thrived splendidly, sending up numbers of their “beautiful slender fronds, and so many young ferns are 0 from the fallen bulblets as actually to become @ W in the fern bed, forming a dense stand and crowding © almost, everything else. They almost succeeded, ™ fact, in choking a spinulose shield fern; and 1 find - Notes anp NEws 121 necessary to remove numbers of them each year. Sev- eral of these I transplanted to a favorable habitat about two miles away and now have some fine ferns growing there. The old clumps follow the habit of the obtuse woodsia by dying outwards from the middle and produc- ing some fronds a year or two longer on the outer cicle. The fronds of the young plants usually begin to appear soon after the middle of April and those of the old plants about the close of April. One year, however, the first fronds were out on April 7. A large percentage of the fronds are fertile. The black or black-brown sporangia ripen during the last week in June and mature fruit may sometimes be found on succeeding fronds as late as September. The bulblets begin forming as early as the middle of May and some are falling by the middle of July. During July and August I have found bulb- lets, still clinging to the fronds, which had sprouted to a length of one-half to three-fourths of an inch. Kurzrown, Pa. (To be concluded) Notes and News Lycopoprum Seago var. Mryosa1anum nv Norta AMERICA.—Since Lycopodium Selago var. Miyoshianum does not seem to have been recorded from North Amer- lea, it will not be out of place to state its synonymy and its diagnostic characters. Lycopoptum SELaco L., var. Mryosa1anum Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo xvi. 199 (1902); L. chinense Christ, Nuovo Giornale Bot. Italiano iv. 101 (1897); L. Miyo- shianum Makino, Bot. Mag. Tokyo xii. 36 (1898). aves densely crowded, ‘‘ascending or spreading m the upper and mostly reflexed in the lower portion of the stem, narrowly linear, 46.5 mm. long, 0.5-0.6 mm wide, a little curved upwards, entire, gradually acumin- ate with a fine point, sessile, . . . the upper surface 122 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL nearly plane, but a little convex in the inferior ones, the under surface somewhat convex, rather glossy, not firm in living specimens but moderately rigid when dry, green or yellowish green; midrib not conspicuous.” Asa Gray labeled a specimen of this plant, collected in Japan by C. Wright, “Lycopodium Selago L. var.,” indicating that he felt it, with its abundant setaceous yielding leaves, to be different from L. Selago and its varieties, as he knew them. The specimens cited below are in the Gray Herbarium. — JAPAN: Sapporo, June, 1898; Hakodadi Mountains, C. Wright, no. 1, Herbarium of the U. 8. North Pacific Exploring Expedition under Commanders Ringgold and Rodgers, 1853-56. AuasKa: Sitka, Ferd. Bischoff, Western Union Ex- tension Telegraph Exploring Expedition, 1865-66 (tran- sitional material). British Corumpia: Ucluelet, May, 1907, “ear? Fraser. Rocky Mountains: Drummond. Harrop St. JOHN. TWo SERIOUS FERN pESTs.—Ferns are ordinarily 1M mune to serious damage both from insects and from plant diseases. The greenhouse varieties suffer to some extent from mealy bug, scale, white fly, and a few other common insects, but serious damage can usually be avoided if sufficient care is taken. Adiantums som® times have their foliage damaged by eel worms. Less bird’s nest fern often develops brown streaks in si leaves through an unidentified cause. Fern prothallia are very subject to damping off if the conditions VF from the narrow limits which these capricious plants demand. Hardy ferns have even fewer enemies: In fifteen to twenty years of interest in ferns, I remember seeing only one wild fern afflicted with a plant diseas? He ee Pe ie oe ae gOS TS PON pe cen TY ee Pa EE Fore Notes anp News 123 and that was a specimen sent me for identification as the host of some rust. Fern foliage is sometimes dis- figured by desultory ravages of insects but rarely if ever to the serious injury of the fern plant. For this reason the discovery of two insects which may cause serious injury to ferns is worth recording as warning. The Florida fern moth as it is sometimes called (Ereopus Floridensis) has gained entrance to some northern greenhouses. In one large establishment, it threatened to destroy at least as far as salability was concerned the entire stock of Nephrolepis varieties. The damage is due to the depredations of the larvae Which are green, brown and black caterpillars, from 34 to 114 inches long, and which feed on the fern leaves. The imago is an active nocturnal yellowish moth which remains carefully hidden by day. The pest was finally destroyed by the use of pyrethrum powder, the basis of Most ordinary insect powders. This was applied by dusting about at the close of the day and was especially effective when all ventilation was stopped. Pyrethrum Owes its effectiveness to a volatile constituent. The Powder as purchasable varies considerably in quality, due partly to adulteration with related plants and Partly to the use of less active portions of the pyrethrum Plant. The partly opened flowers are best. This same Pest attacked hardy outside ferns, especially varieties of Athyrium during July and August, but were finally got "id of by using a spray consisting of 14 oz. fish oil, soap, and 1 teaspoonful dry arsenate of lead to one gallon of Water, applied by very fine spray in the evening. The second fern pest has not reached the United States as yet, but has begun to do serious damage both to Sreenhouse and hardy ferns in Great Britain. My information is taken from a recent number (June, 1917) of the British Fern Gazette in which the experiences of Several fern growers are detailed. The pest is a small beetle, Syragrius intrudens, probably of Australian or- 124 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL igin, which attacks all parts of the plant. The eggs are laid in small notches gnawed in the leaf stalks. The larva burrows into the stalk, and thence downward or upward. It may penetrate the rootstock and destroy the growing cells, thus preventing further leaf forma- tion. The larva is white and curved. No generally successful method of destroying the insect has yet been found. In greenhouse collections it has been found possible to combat it by dipping the potted plants in water over the tops. The beetles then come to the top and can be killed. A large part, two- thirds of the collection of the Royal Botanical Garden, Dublin, was destroyed, however, before the situation was brought under control. At the same place, the entire hardy collection was so seriously affected that What remained was taken up and burned as a means of fighting the weevil. Similar experiences have been 1e- ported by other fern growers. It is not yet certain that all fern species and genera are subject to attack, accord-— ing to one writer, although the Dublin experience wou indicate that they are. So far none of the usual spray or gas treatments have proved of any use owing to te position of the beetle within the tissues of the plants. R. C. BENEDICT. Lake Grorce Fiora Stations ror BorrycHi0M LaNncroLatum.—In the recent catalogue of “The Bae of the Lake George Flora, New York,” Botrychium lanceolatum (8. G. Gmel.) Angst. was accidently omitted. It often grows with R. neglectum Wood; and intergrading forms are sometimes found. It occurs in white Pie _ Woods and mixed woods of hemlock and hardwoods from June 1 to August 31. Town of Galway, Saratos® county (Mrs. Chas. S. Phelps); near Three Ponds and Southern W. Fort Ann ; and at Vaughns. Stewart H. BuRNHAM: Notes anp NeEws 125 A Goop Fryp.—In a damp and shady ravine on the side of Rattlesnake Hill, Concord, N. H., some four hundred feet above sea level, Mrs. Carrie J. Elkins has discovered one plant of Polystichum Braunii. Search has revealed no more specimens, though granite dumps may cover others. The different authorities on ferns state this species to be found more or less frequently in Nova. Scotia, New Brunswick and Quebec, Michigan, northern New England, the Lake George region and even in Pennsylvania along the mountains, but no mention 1s made of central New Hampshire. There is, however, one plant of P. Braunii in the centre of New Hampshire and I have seen it. SarRaH F, SANBORN. : A writer in the Philadelphia North American says that Some mysterious influence in the sunlight causes the fronds of the maidenhair spleenwort to wave backward and forward for a brief time after the plant has been brought into the light. Only the fertile fronds know oe trick and they are most active in the middle of the : OPHiogLossum vuiGaTum L. iy MontaNna.—This rare ‘mm was found on the grounds of the University of Montana Biological Station at Yellow Bay, Flathead “omg by Miss Bessie Green in 1914. Since then it has ®en taken by a number of people at the Station. This ‘hag sufficient plants were found to supply specimens i. all of the botanists attending, about a half dozen. o ge are several fruiting patches growing on the edge the Ittle meadow near the Station building. Early in ne Season this meadow is submerged. This year the aie did not disappear until about the middle of July. far as | know, this species has not before been re- Ported from Montana. Morton J. Exrop. American Fern Society Plans are on foot for a meeting of the Society at Pittsburgh in December, in connection with the Ameri- can Association for the Advancement of Science. In- formation can be obtained from the Curator. The Society has received word of the death at London, on August 8th last, of Mr. Charles T. Druery, Secretary of the British Pteridological Society, editor of the British Fern Gazette and since 1900 a valued member of the Fern Society and an occasional contributor to the JouR- NAL. Biographical details are not available at present: but readers of the Fern Bulletin and the JouRNAL in past years do not need to be told that Mr. Druery’s chief interest was in growing ferns and perpetuating their forms, and that he sometimes had scant sympathy with those who found occupation and pleasure among the dead things of the herbarium. He had published several books, the best known of them, perhaps, @% elaborate descriptive work on British ferns and their many named varieties and forms. The Horticultural Society of New York has under- taken to establish a fund to be devoted to the replanting of the orchards in the war-devastated regions of France. This fund will be distributed through the Americaa Red Cross and the Societé d’Horticulture de France. Contributions are especially solicited from all inter m botany and horticulture and may be sent to George Y. Nash, New York Botanical Garden, Brom Park, New York City. The Judge of Elections, Mr. H. C. Bigelow, reports the reélection of the present officers at the annual ~ tion. The full text of his report will be printed Me the annual reports in the next number of the JouRNAM — Sma ae ee tone naue, 6 5, 67 gsi a beara eneris, 56, ntum . ca um 45; tenerum, 37, 45; trapezi- Also; sophila quadripinnata, 40 America; n Fern istea v. pig adiantiotia, pe 49; hirsuta, 37, badieds hexagona, 44 Aspidium an ngustum, 54; cristatum, 65; Spinulosum, 65 (see also teris Asplenium, 37; abscissum, 43; ala- tum, 43; angustifolium, 15; auri- irrhat , ; ta-muraria, 15, 111; Trichomanes, 15, 51, 11 (see also Athyr ) Athyrium, 122; angustifolium, 90; roma m ar. latifolium. » Var. iichausit 54; thel teroides apa: aici Bates, Ruy, JAMES A., obitu Notice of, 1 ee DICT, R. C., Gro Owing ferns :: "i leaves, 92; report of the Ts, 28; two serious fe Dests, 129 INDEX TO VOLUME 7 oe ~ H., Report of the Presi- den fae occidentale, 37, 44; var. minus, Botrychium t ntum, 90; di ; lanceolatum, 124; Lake George flora stations for 12 124; obliquum, 18; -eilaifolfadt: 92; Underwood- um, 50; virginianum, 21, 49, aden Becieh an common, 65, 114 a new Ver- gear eto additions to the , Pellaea atropur- purea ogee y glabe lla, 77 Camptodium pedat Camptosorus, 14; r shies lhe 13, sak 51, 104, 110; from Oklahoma Chellanthes, 77; lanosa, 111, 112; in Indiana, 112; microphylla, 37, 46 CHRISTENSEN, goog 3 oe Maxonia, of his ‘in; new genus oe ferns (review), i. ums from tropical America, 33 Cibotium, 16; Schiedei, 16 Crypto Stelleri, 56 Dicranopteris, mages 49; bifida, 49; noxuoss, 49, 105; in bama, 105; j icensis, 49; Ala’ pectinata, 49 127 128 Diplazium, 37; centripetale, 43; costale, 43; semihastatum, 43; Wilsonii, 43 Drvuery, C. T., (obituary notice), pgabdrcomtcn 15, 37; asplenioides, 40; brix, 40; Clintoniana X : ; p- ; guadelu: 40; heteroclita, 40; hexagon. alis, tera, 12; hirta, 40; margina 18, 92; normalis, 41; opitrat, 41; oligocarpa, 41; ms, 41; Phegopteris, 12 Equisetum arvense, aa : ecum- 5 & ha emale, 76: edium. (see also Hippochae Ereopus floridensis, 123 FARWELL, O. A,, Notes on Hippo- cha Fern warden. & experiences with a, Fi 67; II, 114; pests, two serious, pi iy beech, hig bird's nest, 122; bladder, Boston, 92; b 92: ah 7? : bladder, 120; Goldie’ s shield, 70; grape, 67, 116; in upted, 65, 72; lady, 65, 118, maiden-hair, 65; a AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL 71: New York, 70; oak, 65; ostrich, 9, 65, 90; rattlesnake, 65, 67, 116; wi Ferns of Jamaica, 36 George Flora, IIT, 12; IV, 54; of e Spoo = 64 Ferns, pe n, notes on, XI, 104 certain, chaeceatieal on ye ~~ tat of, 110; growing, leaves, ae tree, oT: of acai :P Filix fragilis, 44 RAVES, E. W., A new station for Trichomanes Petersii, Grout, A. J., Moss Flora of New re City and vicinity (review), Gurus C. L., Experiences with @ fern garden, I, 67; Il, 114 Gymnopteris rufa, Hart’s-tongue, 100 Hawaii, bit ferns of, 16 ppoc ri rea. pseudohyemalis, 76; vat. af- finis, 76 Histiopteris incisa, 37, 46 Hopki L. 8S. Report of the ., (obituary 37; ae 39; fu steer 39; polyanthos, - scare hte Hypolepis ane 45 Isoetes, 112, 113; Braunii, o echinospora muricata, 63; manni, 63; foveolata, 113 Jamaica, ferns bello 36 Kup, E. P., of ae of, Wl, 2 Lake George Flora, fi ferns of, IV, 54; statio pert for sotryei ceolatum, 1 INDEX TO ianum. ; in Nort a eto 50; tristachyum, MacCauGHry,. VAuG ets ae ferns a eben (review), Maide Marat alata, 49 , RUTH, are of Lake Some Wise: this ON, WR., ew ee from tbe Southwest 106; es on American Ferns—xXI, Maxonia, - MENDE pes bai Ophioglos- sum 0 more, Montana, Ophea vulgatum Nephrolepis, rdifolia, Notholaena californi 122; biserrata, 42; , 108, 109, 110; _ ichoma anoides, 37, 46; var. sub- ees: ayivatica, 113 lea sensibilis, ob- "agate 6, 95; pole iied her lb ctenin Memo 63, 64, 65, 90, 125; bud dding from a root, 64; : in ecnane, 125 cinnamomea, 13, 65; var, ; Claytoniana, 65; VOLUME 7 129 Paesia viscosa, 46 Pellaea atropurpurea 4, 5 56, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 85, 111; var. Bushii, 3; var. occidentalis, 82, 84; Breweri, 82, 83, 86; densa, 77; glabella, 3, 4, 5 , , sg , 80, 81, 82, 83, 86; var. oeciden= talis, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86; v simplex, 84, 85; occiden 82, 83, 86; p , 82, 83, 84: ternifolia, 77 Phegopteris Pitas ania! 65 Phyli ra Pteri PIcKETT, F. L., Is Pela glabella a hie es?, sulphur, 37, 4 ay ode 15, 16 Polypodium, 37; angustifolium, 46; ureum, 47; ifolium, 47 ; creta- tum, 47; cultratum, 47; curvatum 47; delitesc furfuraceum, = iat la s leucostionon, um, stichiformis, 42; rhizo) . 130 um, 42; Co 37, 41; tri- angulum. Pteridium onal 37, 46, 56 (see also Pteris) Pteris aquilina, 65; 81; grandifolia, a _ lon, 37, 46; migicpecionae 6 (see a Pulu, 16 Quercus palustris, 113 RAN H. E., Fresh pleasures rege old fields, 99 Ranunculus Rhododendron catawbiense, 51 RIDLON, H. C., > Seagate sensibilis, f. obtusiloba: St. Joun, HAROLD, Lycopodium Selago, var. Miyoshian in orth Ameri 121 Samolus flo ribundus, 113 SANBORN, S. F., A good find, 125 Scoloy pendrium, 100 inella Pata 62; oer stachya } rupestris Caaes, ee 117; Fates 117; AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL maidenhair, 125; egies rg tenochlaena ma aR pete 18 Syragrius intrudens, 123 Scott’s, 18; Tectaria, 37; cicutaria, 42; ‘andrifolia, 42; Pespigeat ia ve martinicensis, Trichomanes prrtnia 9; Petersti, 51, 52, 54; a new station for, 51; radicans, 39, 51; rigidum, 39 Trismeria trifoliata, 37, 49 Tsuga canadensis, 51 UNDERWOOD, J. G., Report of the Treasurer, 26 Vermont, the male fern in, 87; new station for Asplenium ENS oides in, 18 app ~— 67, 68 ATHERB Cc. male fern in 28: Rev. James A. Bates, 1 : Woodsia pte 90; obtusa, 11 ERRATA Page 44, line 12. Page 50, line 1 "a var. MINOR, read var. TANUM - For UNpERWoopIANA, read Uevsewoue Tr American Bern Journal A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS Published by the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY & Editors R. C. BENEDICT E. J. WINSLOW Cc. A. WEATHERBY rat VOLUME VIII e Q 0 1 9 3 3 AUBURNDALE, MASSACHUSETTS CONTENTS Votume 8, Numper 1, Paces 1-32, Issuep May 6 A New Hybrid Asplenium................... W. R. Maxon Me ONO as. eS lac cuic uc S. F. Prince More Pleasures from Old Fields............. H. E, Ransier Experiences with a Fern Garden—Ill......... C. L. Gruber pons and Nowa... jo... occ cv ee menetionn Warn Sookety:. <<<. 24) <5 iaccohacesesks oe od Votume 8, Nummer 2, Paces 33-64, Issuep Avcust 6 Polystichum Andersoni and Related Species. ..W. R. Maxon idophytes of Northwestern Ontario—I...0. E. Jennings A Vermont Fern Garden...................-- H. G. Rugg Some Recent Fern Literature.............ssecccecccecee> Wan tad News... 6665.05 ee American Fern Societ Vis ksdaes se ey p eat el aehae Ow ieees VoLume 8, Numpen 3, Paces 65-96, Issuep Ocroper 8 The Jamaican Filmy Ferns...............--- Forrest Shreve My Experiences with a Fern Garden.......... E. W. Graves Pteridophytes of Northwestern Ontario—II..O. E. Jennings Further Notes on Pellaca.............-..-++: W. R. Maxon ehend News... 6 a American Fern os OTE ee er er a VotumE 8, Numper 4, Paces 97-130, Issuzp January 11 Fern Flora of Northeastern Iowa.......- T. J. Fitzpatrick Pellaea microphylla Mett, ex Kuhn....... C. A. Weatherby A Crested Fern Used in Landseape Planting. ...F. G. Floyd Notes on American Ferns—XII...........++- W. R. Mazon A Year's Collecting in the Northeastern U.S... .. E. P. Killip American Fern } ok Pee eta es re Ue wie aime iene Index to Volumes 8.0556. ossicles es LIST OF MEMBERS OF THE AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY REVISED TO MARCH 27, 1938 SUPPLEMENT TO AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOL. 8, NO. 7 List of Members of the American Fern Society SUPPLEMENT TO AMERICAN FERN JouRNAL, VOL. 8, No. 1 (* Charter Members; + Life Members; t Honorary Members) Aiken, Walter H., 1520 Aster Place, Cincinnati, Allen, Dr. Eugene T., 1348 Euclid St., Washington, D.C......... ee Henry are of General Electric Ca, "Se henectady, N. Y.. ; N. Von eee a Oakes, Ames Botanical Laboratory, pork —. Mass.. ..:-- Amidon, Dr. Royal Wells, Chaumont, Jefferson Co., N. Yo.....0+:0+ Anderson, Miss Flora Charlotte, 2 ao7, South ecu St., Blooming- IM eee a eg Sc cc bd ee Anderson, Miss Mary L., Lambertville, N. J............-.+++200000" Angell, Miss Anne Si bley, 30 Walnut St., Brattleboro, Vt Armer, Mrs. Sidney, 1328 Arch St, _ Berkeley, Cal Arm g, M 9 eau, Nn. oY Beate a alee ee ae Le Slee ee ame Atwood, Dr. Cha rles, 11 Church ‘Bt, Moravia, N. Y.......+ ++: <.99™ Ave., Po rt uae N. Yeo io eee , Franklin Augustus, P. O. Box 44, Bellona, Yates Co. Wer Le Barnhart, Dr. John Hendley, N. Y. Botanical Garden, New York City , Smithsonian hg pa Washington, V..---->"" Bates, Miss Ethel, South Royalst B 46 B gt geting ck, Prof. John G., R. D. - Santas ge gg, Miss Laura Mar a NY. Museum, Charleston, rc! Cu. i rainerd, Dr. Ezra Middl Vt. a , ebury, - ake randegee, Arthur L., 61 New South St. e “Northampton, Mass...0+-*" ray, Dr. William L.. a S006 Har Sot aes best cuse, N: Yc reckenridge, Prof, L reckenridge endon Road, Taheston, oon ee Engl 4 ity iel Lord, N. Y. Botanical Garden, New ne rooks, Mrs. William F., 48 High St., New Britain, Con rown, Alexander W., 9 Jefferson St.. Auburn, N.-Y.----- Town, Miss Elizabeth Gil n, 1004 West St., Utica, N. .. Pa. plown, Stewardson, Aca ademy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, urgin, Henman, M. D. » 63 West Chelten Ave., Germantown, a 4 City i Ave., New York ritton, Dr. N; thani h Gertrude . 2965 Decatur Yo 1 8 3 urnham, Stewart Henry, R. R. No. _ “ae Falls, Nowe oan Bush, Benjamin Franklin, Courtney, Moss .cso4..4.00n udn Be Butters, Prof. Frederic K. , University 4 Mote meses Minn. Campbell, Dr. Duplin Houghton, Stanford University, Cal......... {Papp, Seth Bunker, P. O. Box 2054, Philadelphia, ‘Be SOR ete Choate, Miss Alice D., 3739 Windsor Plac ot Lota Mos oo iChristensen, Car, Mag. Sci., Botanical eta Copenhagen, Denmark Clarkson, E. H., 41 Tyng St., Newburyport, Mass.........-. 0.0000. Clough, “Mrs. Mabel Jessie, Deep River 4 Came er eaten nese a Clute, Prof. Willard Nelson, Joliet, Mh. b weveug eee kin , Uni ” Main James E., 115 Vine St., New Britain, Conn............. ordley, Mrs. H , 79 Widarword “Ave., Glen Rid er re cases Core, Miss F. E., 12 Ash St. Place, Cambridge, Mas. Taman, Mrs. Leighton R., Box 11, Ancon, Canal Zone, Panama.. Cowan, Alexander, Valleyfield, Penieuik, parieorey prog oa ae Daey, Miss Alice Eve yn, ee Darling, Miss Nancy, Box 62, R. Rh No. 2, "Woodstoe! me Davenport, Mrs. Ele Box 6 Braxto hg 45 Gre en _ “Brattleboro Vis » Walter, 29 Brewster St., Cambridge, ope Be ee se Demetrio, Rev. C. H., Emma, Saline Co. M60 3s¢50 oe. sees Do ge, Charles Keene, 2805 Cention. Ave., Port Huron, Mich.. ; dge, Raynal, Newburypor ip Bios cca ease bape eee mee tart state ee a. em pamon, , Edwin Thayles, nara! OE ee ans, J., Grant Or rds, P| Wilner tee Seu rae Shine aee sya ree sore Fellows ip ana Wil oo a ve., Detrott, Mich.. y ‘Prof, George i. 708 Euclid Ave., Houston, Texas. lepatrick, Prof. T. J., Betha any, Neb Flett af wee Mary, 608 D St, ’ Marysville, Cabin en aera shiord, mane Springs, Wash...........000+++200+° Floyd, Fred Gillan, 395 Park St., West Roxbury, Mass.......-.----- Porbe Mrs. Nellie F., 251 South Willard St., Burlington, Vio Forbes’ Charles Noy: es, p Museu nolulu, 12a Be Gadeay Fayette F rederick, pecan Oe ee dad Kerville, enrl, Rouen, France......---+-+¢s2es00ttt ouen, Goo Miss Mina Keyes, 11 | Bedford St., Lexington, Mass.....-.-- drich, Mrs, L. L mets Willow St., ’ Syracuse Be Ne Xe ees Gray , Rev. Francis 103 Wo ae iSt., Hartford, Cie bs es, E oo ; cone On t Greenwood, Miss Helen E., 5 Benefit Terrace, — Mass..57503 Grigg, Frederic W. peau), Box 43, Newtonville, Mass..............-+ Grout, Dr. Abel Jo el, New Dorp, Richmond Rocoas: ees York City rubb, Prof. Percy Lam amar, cag Briggs St., Harrisburg, Pa..........-. Hartline, Mrs. D. 8., State cial Sch = Bloomsburg, Pa......---: Hazen, Dr. Tracy Elliott, Columbia University, New York City...... Heatley, Miss Margaret, 23 Howe St., Wellesley, Mass.......-..+--+ Hig , Care of American Legation, Peking, China........--- Holcombe, Charles Henry, Lock Box 5, Brookline, N. H........+-++- Holtzoff, Mrs. Mary, 160 West 127th St., New York City wily Cee ae Hopkins, Prof. Lewis S., 525 East Main St. , Kent, Ohio. ....5. 4.224 Horr, Mrs. Ella L., 12 State Sts Worcester, Mae soa vag oe see Howe, Dr. Marsh all Avery, N. Y. Bot anical Garden, New York City.” Humphrey, Geo. Sckanton, Clayville, Oneida Co., N. Y......-+--+++* Huunowcll Francis Welles, 2d, 5 University Hall, pi Mass... Huss, John Francis, 1103 Asylum Ave., Hartford, igs 7 oe eee -Jackson, Joseph, 25 Woodland St., Worcester, Mass......-.2+++:77* Jellett, Edwin C., 118 Hermann St., Germantown, "Philadelphia, Pa... Jenks, ip Chai Pan Stonecroft Farm, Bedfo rd, Mass.) ote i Killip, Ellsworth P., Box 11, Ancon, Canal Zone, Panama....+----*: Kimball, Miss Laura F. , National ny | ar Pig Co., Cal. 4-3 Knowlton, oe Hinckley ; Hingham Sere Laird, Kenneth Bradford N. H. College of Agriculture, ea Py. bie Lamprey, Mrs. E. 8., 2 Guild St., Conco rd, N. Hives .c-3 0053s Lee, Dr. Elisha Lightfoot, de PU OALA se ce vee Lee, Mrs. Charles W., Jr., 80 So os Burritt St., New Britain, Conn--- eet woo evy, Miss Daisy J., 403 West {1sth St., New York City ay Nedoo Lewis, Rev. Charles Smith, St. Mary’s Rectory, Burlington, } N. Lewis, cott, yee Institute, Hollywood, Los Angeles, Limrie, Rev. - 'G., Apart ado 2 oat sous ta iret re a In, Mi gnes incoln Road, Mee rd, Mass....-++*"" Litch, C. M., 14 Burnap St., Fitchburg, Mass... 0-00-0000 Lombard, Mrs. Charles P., 319 Court St., Plymouth, Mass..---- Lombard, Dr. Robert rt Hamilton, Geophysteal Laboratory, Wash. Tones Bayard, Ashbourne, ‘ore ry Co., Pa.c.-0cs McColl, ,0 ta ? ¥.0- Box 411, eens — 2 are McFarland, Prof. Frank P. Ws Benth Linentoe St., Lexington, & ae ieee Clara G., 270 South State * Wester rville, One 1 ll, Miss M. A’, Still River, Mass... .. 10... 0.200058) 5 en rng Maxon, William Ralph, U. S. National Museum . Wadiiniton, DACs. Mendelson, Dr. Walter, 159 West 74th St., a York at iysaa dw seoas e rs, N. Merwin, Mrs. Charles P.,.20 Vine St., New Britain, Conn............ Miller, Robert K., Keyser pti 2 Baltimore Pie", (Ge oe ee OIE Minor, John Bacon , New Bri ON. oe, ee ee ee Mirick, Miss N ellie, 28 East nies Bt, Oneida; Ni Bier cr oy es Mitchell, Mrs. Mina B., M. D., Box 48, Statio: ay Chattanooga, Tenn. oore, Dr. (ecree fe "Missouri Botanical Garden . Louis, Mo. Newell” Cheon neey Jackson , Alstead, N. se ee Newlan d, Miss Frances Ez abeth, 17 Court St., Utena N.Y). tices cage aga Morrell, D-D., Howard Univ. ie shington,D. C. A , Invernes Oe) pia ae oy ea ge Nolan, Dr. Edward J., Acade emy of Natural Sciences, —— Pa. One” Miss Elmira a 204 Court Bt Portsmouth, Va. Ep leson, Olaf , Wank rti oie os ee owas. 3. Se eee es sm Overacker, Mis Minnie L., 109 Robineau Road, Syracuse, N. Y....-. primer, Ernest Jesse, a South Allen St., Webb City, Mo.....--..++ oe T. Chalkley r. T tine, Miss Lura L 605 Normal Ave., Valley City; Nadia. <5 41-- "Petty Prof. W. J., Ocean i Nema po ee ee rah Gertrude G., 804 Bast 19th St., Brooklyn, N. Y....------ - Fer sh Christin 3933 Lo aye ive. Baltimore, Md.......--- rn = Whidden, 1 1039 Massachusctte Ave., Canibridas, Mass.. t, Mrs. Charl e, N.Y e Co. a2 Mrs. W. 8. , 34 West 12th ee "New York City. ...--+++++++ Ril, Miss Dora A’, 32 Ch erry St., h Adams, hase Oe ee Rane’. Edward Lalit 53 State St., mor Massc. 6. ee ee le uerbert Earl, Manlius, N. Y........-0-020eceere ree Revele George, 207 East Wister St., Germantown, Pa.. eae Rhodes’ cro: Ida L., Wells College, Aurora, N. Y...-.0+200000000 0 Ridlo” harles Orman, Groton, N. Y..0.0s:e20 000 e0eeettet on, Harry Cooper, Box 105, ’Cuttingsville, Vt et 6 DEG Roberts, tad W., U. 8. Dept. of Agriculture, bi mee 09, Rakeris : ss Louise Wright, 520 Roberts Ave., Syrac se, N. ee - ; a | Dr. Winifred J., Women’s College of Delaw. st Newark, De ney, Mrs. Anna K., 368 Lafayette Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y......... EB; a itain 5c Rugg, Harold Goddard, Dartmouth Colle ege, Hanover, N. H.........- Sato, Wil Edwin, 3339 Mt. Pleasant St., W bed thro D. C.. = rv ? ~ ? . n, Ar i Sloper, Harold T., 36 Russell St., New Britain, Connie: Snceti Miss Margaret, N. Y. Botanical cere Xe ew York City.. ith, Mrs. Anni Smi Ts. ie Morrill, 78 Oran ge St., Bro OX See 8 Spalding, Miss Rebecca Wentworth, 5 St.Ni jee Place, New York City Spalding, Mrs. pou 405 Co mstoc Ave., Syracuse, N. Y.....---+: Standley” Paul Carpenter, Smithsonian ir at age Washingion, D. : Stebbins, Miss Ida H Huntley 52 Albemarle St., Rochester, N. Y....-- r M : Ww olm: ms a B., 2 Swinerton, John R., 2115 Chestnut Ave., Newpo » VE ot Terry, Mrs. Emily Hitchooek, 103 South St., Northampton, Mass Thatcher, Mrs. Louise H eee —s St., Utica, ae Todd, Dr. J. B., 740 South Booch § st. , Syracuse, N. Y...6. 066-93 . Hir: ood, Turner, Miss Blanche A. mr "4384 Mar aotaek nits St. ms ie, Move - Tuttle, Mrs. John Betley, 1713 Ist St. Washehe, D.C. nderwood, Jay Go ove, Hartland, Vt.......-.2.--s0inecourtiteen, Utley, Miss Mary oh se, 301 Blue Hills Ave., Hartford, Conn... +: Van Hook, Mrs. James M.. ,O. Box 336, New Smyrna, Fla...--+- Victorin, Rev. Bis. Marie , Lon uil College P. Q., Canada... +--+" Ware, Robert Allison, Ne Seatewlire St., Boston, Mass. . oe se » Dr. C, ureau of Standards, Washington, D. ih oa Weatherby, Charles Alfr ed, 11 Wells Ave., East Hartford, Conn... 19. Weatherby, Mrs. Charles Alfred, 11 Wells ’‘Ave., East Hartford, Conn. Wertsner, Clayto : 1 n, Miss Susan P., 910 Clinton St. , Philadelphia, Pa...-----*"" Whetlt, Dr. Edward J., 79 Chapel St, Albany, NY.......0000+* Wheeler, Miss Harriet, Cc tha Ris ston n vid, U pcan, Washingloo, Da Wilt Miss Alice Wilson, 417 West 120th St. New York 20; i W , Miss Carrie Hammond, 1428 Park Ave., Baltim phe +Winslow,, Evelyn James , 222 Grove St., Auburndale, "Mass me 1912 1911 1915 i 1 Winslow, Dr. G. M., Lasell Seminary, Auburndale, Mass........... Winslow, Miss Inez J “yo Orleans, Views sca. ee eee 1911 oodams, Milton E., 7 outh Ave., Rochester, N. Y...2...5:25.. 1916 Woodward, Richard William, 22 College St., New Haven, Conn..... 1915 Young, Mrs. Charles E., 1706 Oregon Ave., Washington, D. C....... fi To tHe Mempers—Tell others who are interested in ferns about the Society, what it has done for you and what it has to offer—help for beginners—herbarium specimens and back num- bers of fern periodicals which may be borrowed—occasional free distribution of specimens of rare species—the JOoURNAL—Op- portunity for exchange and for getting into touch with others of like tastes, We want more members: the Society can reach its full Possibility of usefulness only when all who care for ferns belong to it American Fern AIournal Vol. 8 JANUARY-MARCH, 1918 No. 1 A new hybrid Asplenium! WILLIAM R. MAXON Among the ferns forwarded to the National Museum for identification during the past year are the very interesting specimens forming the subject of this article. They were collected from sandstone cliffs of Sand Moun- tain, about two and one-half miles west of Trenton, Georgia, by Mr. E. W. Graves. The first ones sent in were regarded doubtfully by Mr. Graves as an aber- tant form or variety of Asplenium pinnatifidum. In the light of further field study, however, and from examination of the additional specimens secured, it ‘ppears nearly certain that this form is instead a natural hybrid between Aspleniwm Bradleyi and A. pinnatifidum, with which it habitually grows. At the request of Mr. Graves the hybrid is described below. It is a pleasure to commemorate in this con- hection the name of the persistent and discriminating collector, Asplenium Gravesii Maxon, hybr. nov. Intermediate between A. Bradleyi D. C. Eaton and A, binnatifidum Nutt., the fronds few or several, loosely fasciculate, ascending, 10 to 13 cm. long; rhizome de- cumbent or short-creeping, 1 to 1.5 em. long, densely Paleaceous, the scales about 5 mm. long, linear, long- ae eras, | Published with issi the Smithsonian . ituti h the pe he Secretary of Instity € permission of the = Feb ia” NO. 4 of the Joursax (pp. 99-130, Plates 5 and 6) was ~_— the Go", 1918- This is the correct date, not Dec. 17, 1917, as prin Ontents of Vol. 7.] 1 2 “AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL attenuate from the very narrow base (about 0.5 mm. broad), rigid, the cells with moderately thick, dark reddish brown, sclerotic partition walls and transparent outer walls, the lumina large; stipe 2 to 7 cm. long, glossy purplish brown nearly or quite throughout, rounded beneath, the upper face flat to sulcate; lamina narrowly triangular, 3 to 8 em. long, 1.5-2.8 em. broad, pinnate in the basal part, subpinnate above; rachis usually greenish, flat, and distinctly but narrowly winged (suleate anteriorly near the base), or in the largest plants more slender, glossy brown, and only faintly greenish-marginate toward the base, both stipe and rachis bearing a few tortuous fibril-like scales; basal pinnae distant, opposite, sessile, triangular, nearly equilateral, subcordate at the base, obtuse or acutish, shallowly crenate-dentate or, in the larger fronds, pin- natifid at the base, the resulting pair of rounded lobes adnate or subsessile; succeeding pinnae or segments gradually smaller, narrower, simpler, and more broadly connected, finally contiguous or even imbricate, passing evenly into the lobate, long-acuminate apex; leaf-tissue rigidly herbaceous or subcoriaceous, the under surface bearing numerous few-celled clavate glandular hairs, these passing gradually into the gland-tipped capillary scales of the vascular parts; sori abundant, dark brown, confluent, variable in form and position, the indusia firm, white. Type specimen in the U. S. National Herbar! no. 764407, collected on Sand Mountain, about 2 2 miles west of Trenton, Georgia, on sandstone cliffs, September, 1917, by Mr. E. W. Graves. It was found growing singly in the middle of a clump of A. pimN lifidum. : Judging Asplenium Gravesii on both gross and minute characters, there can be little doubt of its hybrid natur® making all allowance for the unusually high varishil? of its supposed parents, of one or the other of whic um, A NEW HYBRID ASPLENIUM S| it might at first be thought an extreme state. It ex- hibits considerable diversity, however. The smaller, stockier individuals most resemble A. pinnatifidum in their wholly green rachises and thick leaf tissue; but they differ from A. pinnatifidum very definitely in their fewer fronds, sessile basal pinnae, acuminate (never long-attenuate or filiform) lamina, and brown stipe. The largest individual seen is that selected as the type. This suggests, rather, the more specialized parent, A. Bradleyi, since it agrees in thinner leaf texture and slender stipe, and shows an approach to dark brown tachises; it differs from A. Bradleyi in its very much simpler pinnae and less sharply cut margins, and in having the rachis: at least faintly winged. All the Plants of the hybrid agree with A. Bradleyi in their ark brown sori, the sori of A. pinnatifidum being cin- ‘amon brown. The intermediate dissection of the pinnae has already been indicated; the form of the margins is no less distinctive, being midway between the subentire or crenulate margin of A. pinnatifidum and the sharply toothed margin of A. Bradleyi. The thizome scales also are exactly intermediate; they are Similar in outline to those ‘of A. Bradley’, but have the cells much smaller and separated by thinner partition walls, in both particulars approaching A. pinnatifidum. he spores have not been tested for viability; but that the cross is sometimes fertile seems not improbable fom Mr. Graves’ having recently found a clump of | eight well-developed plants growing together. at the hybrid here described has remained So long undetected may be owing partly to the comparative farity of A. Bradleyi and partly to the fact that it and & Pinnatifidum possibly do not often occur in close Proximity, in spite of their nearly coextensive ranges. Asplenium Gravesii is represented in the National Her- Only by Mr. Graves’ recent specimens. Wasuincron, sos Fern Notes 8S. FRED PRINCE I. A Fespruary Fern Trip.—Since my return to the ‘Cave Region” in the Ozarks of Southern Missour!, I have been trying to reestablish the stations for the ferns listed by me in the Fern Bulletin some years ago.’ This has not been easy, as great changes have taken place in the past fifteen years, much of the timber having been removed, many new clearings made, and overstocking on a free open range as well as frequent firing having destroyed much of the wild growth which was found here years ago. In addition, a series of ex cessively dry years and the denuding action of the very heavy rains common here in’ winter and, spring have very greatly modified the flora of the region. I have found several species not in my old ist, new stations for others, several new varieties, and what 1 believe are two new species, which I hope soon to place before the Society. ae On the 27th day of February last I had a notable fern trip, accompanied by my five-year-old ‘boy, who is as enthusiastic a fern-lover as his father. . We made a circuit down one great ravine and back up another—the distance was short of two miles— time, three hours. From our home on top of the hill to the lowest point was about 350 feet—highest ele- vation 1200 feet. The trend of the ravines was southeast. ; We found eleven species of ferns in their winter oF resting condition, one, the Gray Polypody, this part of the country. We have searche for miles but have found it nowhere else. alder ’ new tO d closely _ The plants were growing on top of a great me in the bottom of a narrow ravine, with mosses, li Bull. Bi hg ‘Ferns of the cave region of Stone County, Missouri. Fert 72-77. 1904, i 4 Fern Notes 5 Camptosorus, spleenworts, etc. They were so small and dry, their fronds all curled up (many were not half an inch long), they could searcely be distinguished from the lichens among which they grew. One plant was particularly interesting. It had the largest fronds (up to 414 inches long); its branching rhizomes had climbed spirally up the base of a small dead tree to the height of twelve or fourteen inches, appearing so much like a vine with dead-looking leaves, that it could easily have been overlooked. We have visited the locality several times since, and find that the polypody unfolds and flattens out its fronds during damp or rainy weather, appearing to 80 on with its business of growing, only to curl up again when dry conditions return. We found Cheilanthes lanuginosa growing in the hollows and crevices of a low cliff in the greatest pro- fusion. It also presented a very dead and dried-up ‘ppearance, except in moist weather when it would ‘pread out flat in dense rosettes and become a thing of beauty - The habits of these two ferns would seem to indicate very dry conditions, but with them, on the ‘ame rocks, grew also Cystopteris, Woodsia, and Camp- losorus! _ Pellaea atropurpurea is the common fern here, grow- ing everywhere, even sometimes in the ground, which * Very stony. The fertile fronds which were formed last summer and fall are mature, and the sterile fronds stowing lustily. There was one large colony, in all Stages from prothallia to bare stems of ancient plants, “owing in the hollow of an old log, which had a few Mehes of earth in it. ee The sterile fronds of Woodsia obtusa and Cystopteris irs mace patches of lively green in the cigars CAG 4mptosorus covered many of the boulders wit se mat of green. With it, as usual, were the two 6 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL spleenworts, Asplenium ebeneum and A. parvulum, both still carrying their fruiting fronds, which were badly dilapidated, however, the small sterile fronds forming flat rosettes around them. A steep, sloping bank was carpeted for many square yards with the Christmas Fern. There were also three plants of Asplenium trichomanes. We dug up a lot of Ophioglossum Engelmanni plants “just to see,’ and found they were getting ready for the first warm, wet weather. II. OpHtocLossum ENGELMANNI.—In March, 1915, I was very much surprised and delighted to come upon a colony of, perhaps, 100 plants of this fern, which, with all my hunting, I had never before found. Before the day’s trip was over, I had found it in more than @ hundred places, growing on the glades where the soil is sometimes not over three inches deep. Some of the colonies must have numbered thousands of plants. During the past two years I have made the following observations: They seem to grow most luxuriantly In 4 black, tenacious soil mostly but a few inches deep, ledges of limestone which buttress all these hills at about 1000 feet and lower, though there are many colonies growing in the loose, friable stony soil of. the ‘higher elevations. A number of plants which I transplant to the garden (1200 ft) have been doing well for tw? years. The territory studied so far is about 3 miles long by two miles wide and includes high ridges and deep mountain stream ravines. They were found at elevations from 800 to 1200 feet. In the area described they occur literally sands. I dug up large numbers of plants in sever the colonies and found them often connected by long; slender horizontal, often much-branched rootstocks, forming such a dense network that it was difficult 6 2 a BROT 2) og f eee SES TINEA SST Sah el eee pte ae A Se ere ee ilk by thou- al of Frern Notes 7 Separate out unbroken specimens. On some of these there would be plants in several stages of development, some just starting, with a minute fascicle of roots and a mere spot of a bud, to fully mature plants. In many of the colonies the fronds appear only singly; in others:in pairs only; while in other groups both styles occur. Tn most of the colonies the fertile fronds are rather rare, not more than one in a hundred bearing the fertile spike, Sometimes both fronds of a pair will be fertile, occa- sionally but one, and there were colonies in which every frond was fertile—while in others only the paired fronds were fertile. Almost without exception where the plant has but one frond, there is a large, well-developed bud close by on the crown, and, also, where there are two sterile fronds the bud is often present; I have never, however, found the bud on those plants which bore two fertile ronds. T also note that several large colonies which in 1916 Produced a large number of paired fruiting fronds have Very few fertile fronds this year. I dug up a lot of Plants from one of these colonies, and found many of them without fronds at all, and with no visible bud on the crown, though the root-system seemed to be healthy enough. In the drier situations the fronds are longer and “ore slender in proportion to those in places more uni- ormly moist, these latter being thicker and broader, and looking like a different plant. [have found a few plants well advanced in February; While the great host of plants has its growth and devel- potent from the middle of April until the end of May; ave found mature plants in April, in June, 10 July, ‘nd in September and October. . 8 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL In studying the plant with the upper side of the frond toward me I noticed that the fertile stem did not seem to occur in the middle of the base of the sterile segment, but was adherent to it on the left for about an inch, Of 700 specimens examined in the field, siz ‘were found to be in the exact center, none adherent | on the right. _ Nortcu, Stone Co., Mo. More Pleasures from Old Fields H. E. RANSIER Much that appeared in the previous article relating to the hart’s tongue fern and its variations might app!y equally well to the walking fern, but because the latter is so common, nearly every one has had opportunities of becoming familiar with it. On account of its small fronds and its habit of grow- ing so thickly in beds together, it requires a closer and much sharper inspection to detect variant forms, than does its more favored and thriftier growing relative, the hart’s tongue. I certainly enjoyed discovering accidentally my first walking ferns, more than I did my finding the harts tongue where I knew others had done so before me. And the first ones grew within sight of my place of but hess and barely outside the corporation limits, in 4 little, glade locally known as “Ewer’s Gulf,” scarcely 4? eight of a mile long, yet a rarely failing source of pleas- ure for a ramble any day. Walking ferns are so widely distributed and commo? that nearly every one has an opportunity to eran the variant forms, and as the fronds are not affect by much of anything except a severe drought, they cae be found at all seasons of the year. oe i = nen mast i “ . eatin ae es sus = soa ia ¥ Forms or Basat Lopes In THE WALKING FERN * (From a photograph by H. E. Ransier) 10 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Specimens growing in exposed places are apt to have spatulate, short fronds and often grow in dense mats, nearly prostrate and covering the ground almost as closely as grass upon a well kept lawn. The place to look for the more interesting ones may be quite close by, in the wide seams between rocks, if it is a level section that is shaded, else along the edge of ledges, or perhaps down the bank, either on outcropping rocks or loose ones of the talus. It loves to grow on the large rocks that occur in tumbled confusion in ravines, moss covered, and pro- tected from direct sunlight by the banks above, trees oF shrubbery. Once ina while a large flat detached rock will be found while roaming through the woods, where the finest kind of a colony of walking ferns may be found, completely covering its top, and those along the edges drooping down the sides, a joy to look at and easy to search for unusual forms. It is true that some Stations yield only normal forms, but quite close by another may be rich in variant forms. Some parent fern of long ago, having a marked tendency to produce abnormal fronds and possessing proper vitality, left its impress upon the neighborhood as shown by the present day finds. For instance, when one locates fronds nor- mal on one side at the base and with a distinct branch or auricle on the other side, this peculiarity may COD fidently be looked for anywhere within a range of 50 « 100 feet. The bulk of the fronds on some ferns will show this peculiarity, as will also some show lobes 0 both sides in the particular area where they occur. Fork- ing fronds are much more apt to occur singly, or at most but two or three together. This is all dry reading. Just go out and find one good Sport frond and you will be thrilled a hundred times mor than by ever receiving a pressed one from some one else. The beauty, charm and pleasure come from first ham experiences in nature’s own realm. vide . = an eenenetene = 2 a Naa ascsiatasie aati OSPrSer. 4 aap * ane ntan epeeernen ee oe VARIANT Trips AND Basan Loses IN THE WALKING FERN (From a photograph by H. E. Ransier) 12 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL The cuts illustrating this article show fronds about Mth their normal size. The figures indicate normal forms. Letters indicate marked variations. Mantutvs, N. Y. Experiences with a Fern Garden--III C. L. GRUBER The boulder fern has not yet entered upon an era of prosperity in my fern garden. Although the rootstock rambles away a short distance each summer and each spring, about April 30, sends up a few fronds, these fronds do not reach the height which is attained in their native habitats and seem to grow more as a special favor to me than from an inclination to establish them- selves permanently. Probably the character of the soil is not adapted to more thrifty growth, but I have not yet taken sufficient time to experiment in this re- spect. In August, 1912, I planted one maidenhair fern oD the fern bed and a row of five along the wall on the northeast side of the cellar containing the heating- furnace. The plant on the fern bed grew poorly an died in 1914; but the row along the warm cellar wall grew luxuriantly and developed into the finest bank of maidenhairs I have ever seen. For a foot or more from the wall the ground does not freeze up as it does further away; and as a result the ferns begin to grow somewhat earlier in spring than they do in a wild state. Most 0 the first fronds, and a large percentage of all the fronds are fertile. The plant on the fern bed began growing on April 16, but those along the house appeared from April 5 to April 10; and the dark brown sporang!@ ripened during the first week in July, later fronds maturing their fruit till the close of August or the beginning of September. In 1915 most of the fronds were over a foot in height by April 25. _ a EXPERIENCES WITH A FERN GaRDEN—III 13 I transferred a number of sensitive ferns from the border of a marsh to a corner of my fern bed in August, 1911. The sterile fronds came up in spring from April 25 to May 4, but the drier situation retarded their subsequent growth considerably. Sterile fronds con- tinued to appear, in favorable years, during June and July, and it required some vigilance to prevent their spreading into forbidden domains. In 1916, however there was an abundance of rain, the sterile fronds grew to normal size, and this year, for the first time, fertile fronds were produced. These appeared early in July and by the close of July had attained their full size, just about reaching or partly entering the leafy canopy Spread over and among them. At the present time, January, 1917, the rolled-up “berries” inclosing the silvery brown sporangia are still closed and will prob- ably not release their contents until the coming of the spring time. T experienced some rather interesting failures in trying to induce the walking fern to grow. Plants set in the fern bed rarely lasted longer than a year. In Septem- ber, 1914, I made another determined effort, based on lines of experience and observation. In the shade of Goldie’s shield fern I prepared a special dwelling place for these fastidious dwellers of the rocky ledges. Thin, Nat plates of limestone were set in an inclined position into a hollowed out part of the bed, layers of woods mold were placed between these plates, and in one of the crevices the roots of a clump of walking ferns were firmly planted. At last I had found the way of doing it. The walking ferns grew and reached out and took — and continued to grow, starting new fronds m ‘Pring during the first days of May; and today, without nore attention than providing water during dry spells, “Ave a flourishing colony of these fascinating ferns. “Y one experience with the hart’s-tongue fern, althou h interesting, was rather discouraging. I bought 14 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL one of these ferns in May, 1911, and planted it in my fern bed. It produced a number of fronds and grew finely in 1911, but remained dormant throughout 1912. Then, on July 21, 1913, it began to send up two very small fronds—and ever since it has failed to make its appearance, dead, by this time, without a doubt. In August, 1914, I planted six adder’s tongues in the fern bed. Five of these appeared in 1915 during the last days of April. In 1916 they did not come up till the middle of May, two of them with fertile spikes. Both of these fertile plants were eaten off near the base during the night while still quite young and in June each of them produced a small sterile blade. The results of my efforts to grow club-mosses, Lyco- podium obscurum and Lycopodium lucidulum,: can be summed up in one statement—complete failure to keep them growing for a longer period than two years. It 1s my experience that the Lycopodiums and probably one or more species of ferns must be provided with the natural soil of their habitats, or with special plant food, to make them grow well. My experience with the mountain laurel and trailing arbutus tends to prove this supposition to be correct. For a number of years I had tried to grow mountain laurels in my yard, but from one to three years was the limit of their existence. Then I tried the plan of filling the hole in which I planted the laurel with the ground which I dug out while secur ing the plant, mixing the portion above the roots with a liberal supply of half-rotted oak leaves and mule ing it thickly with the same material. Each year ! furnish it with a supply of decaying oak leaves and for mde years my mountain laurel has been growing fairly well. In general, the dates of the appearance in spring and of the fruiting of wild ferns correspond well with these same periods of growth of the ferns in my fern garden. Se ee te ee Bt EXPERIENCES WITH A FERN GARDEN—III 1§ Of course, location has a great deal to do with these Stages and may change the date by a week or even two. Some species of ferns wither with the first frosts or soon after the freezing nights of October have set in; but others are decidedly evergreen or have a tendency in this direction, During the last week in November, 1914, the species of ferns still entirely green were the Marginal shield fern, spinulose shield fern, the sterile fronds of the crested fern, the polypody, cliff brake, dwarf spleenwort, ebony spleenwort, especially the sterile fronds, walking fern, and Christmas fern, and the grape ferns of course were beautifully bronzed. Goldie’s shield fern still was green, but the fronds were tying and apparently frozen. The male fern and obtuse woodsia had a few green fronds, mainly the younger ones, most of those of the male fern being dark bronze; and a small number of maidenhair fronds also were green but drying. In spring, about the beginning of April, I remove Tubbish and superfluous covering from the fern bed, Cut off the dead and imperfect fronds, fasten the plants lifted by freezing, and give them other attention that may be necessary, On March 27, 1915, when I attended to this annual house-cleaning, the marginal shield fern, polypody , Warf spleenwort, Christmas fern, cliff brake, walking fern, and the grape ferns were still entirely green or “Most so, The sterile fronds and a few of the fertile ds of the ebony spleenwort and most of the sterile fronds of the crested fern were still green. A majority Of the fronds of the spinulose shield fern, especially the latter Ones or those protected by leaves, were green and tn appearance. Even a few fronds of obtuse Woodsia, Sheltered by leaves, were green, but several ‘t fronds, which evidently had remained green while drying, Were dead and brittle. A few fronds of Goldie’s 16 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL shield fern still had green patches and one frond, pro- tected by the leaf-covering, was green and living. Among the curiosities developed in the fern garden were a forked frond of the silvery spleenwort, a forked and crested frond of the marginal shield fern, and several forked fronds of the New York fern. Kutztown, Pa. Notes and News In the course of a collecting trip made through Curry County, Oregon, in June, 1917, in company with Pro- fessor M. E. Peck of Willamette University, we were fortunate enough to find a very beautiful Adiantum which was determined by Mr. J. Francis Macbride of the Gray Herbarium as A. Jordani Mueller. The specimen was growing in very dry rocky soil on the north side of the canyon of Rogue River, a few miles below the mouth of Mule Creek, near the deserted mining camp of Solitude Bar. As this species is not mentioned in Professor Sweetser’s ‘‘Popular Deserip- tion of the Common Oregon Ferns” (1913), and n° specimen of it is included in the herbarium of the Un versity of Oregon, I was inclined to think at first that this was its first occurrence in the State. The range given in Eaton’s Ferns of North America (I, 286), where it is described as A. emarginatum Hook., is “From San Diego, California, to Oregon”; but no specimen to confirm its occurrence in this State is cited. There is, however, in the herbarium of the University of Cale fornia a specimen collected by Thomas Howell |™ the Umpqua Valley, June 20, 1887.” Since eae we cannot be the authority on which Eaton based his reference of the species to Oregon. I can find no col- lector who has seen it here recently. My own specimen ee are a ee ee a ENE ge A re SOAs gee RT ae Nores AND NEws 17 was collected about fifty miles north of the California line; Howell’s specimen still further to the northward. I should be glad to know if any other collector has found this beautiful Californian fern within the limits of Oregon, or if any specimen anterior to Howell’s is in existence to confirm Eaton’s reference of it to this State. 1 J. C. NELSON In the most recent manual covering that part of Oregon west of the Cascades (Piper and Beattie’s Flora of the Northwest Coast) the range of Ceropteris tri- angularis (Kaulf.) Underw. is stated as being “mostly near the sea-coast.”” My own observation leads me to the conclusion that this is slightly misleading, as tending to give the impression that it is not common elsewhere, During the last three seasons I have col- lected it throughout the whole length of the Willamette Valley from Eugene northward, more than sixty miles from the coast in an air-line, and separated from it by the main chain of the Coast Range. Not only does it occur on the east slopes of this range, but it has crossed the wide alluvial prairies of the Willamette alley and is frequent in the foot-hills of the Cascades. t is abundant on Spencer’s Butte, an isolated rocky hill 8€ven miles south of Eugene, where may be found nearly every species of fern native to Oregon; there s @ considerable colony of it on a rocky oak-covered Side at Turner in Marion County, on the east side of the Willamette Valley; it is not infrequent in rocky Sods and pastures about Salem, also on the east side TP gouge pag ee ‘Mr. A. F. Hill, ity, h kindly look cnr , Of Yale University, has very : entter for us. He finds in the D. C. Eaton herbarium a sheet of A. Jordant Sonenses. ‘This is prot hich Eaton based : probably the specimen on Ww! aes ment. The label gives no more definite locality than Oregon. ED. 18 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL of the Valley; and it occurs on Elk Rock, just south of Portland. There is no question here of following a river-valley, as it seems to have done along the Rogue River in southwestern Oregon; it would have had to ascend the Columbia for a hundred miles to the mouth of the Willamette, and up that stream another hundred and twenty-five miles to reach some of the stations. I am inclined to believe that as far as its occurrence in Oregon is concerned, it is in no way dependent on the proximity of the coast, but is just as likely to occur in the interior as along the littoral. J. C. NELSON At the invitation of Mr. Rugg and Mr. Underwood I made a brief trip to Windsor County, Vermont, early in July with the purpose of testing the accuracy of my prediction! that the Male Fern would be found above 2000 feet on many of the higher hills of central and northern Vermont. From the contour map we selected two hills of hae 2400 feet, one in Woodstock and the other in Reading, and with the aid of Mr. Underwood’s automobile wé visited them on the 2nd and 3rd of July. Several plants of the Male Fern grew near the summit of each. The Reading station is, as far as reports are available the most southerly in New England. E. J. WINsLow THE Maire Fern at Owen Sowunp, OnTarro.—Per- haps twenty years ago there was discovered at this station, by a local botanist, Mrs. Roy, of Royston Park, a new fern, which, at that time, was written up in our local papers as something quite unusual for this 1 See Fern Journal, 7: 89. NoTrEes AND NEwWs 19 locality, but I have been unable through local sources to discover the name of the fern mentioned. I wrote of this matter to Mr. A. J. Morris, a botanist of more than local reputation, of Peterborough, Ontario, who spent two weeks botanizing in this locality three years ago, and he included with his reply among other things a fine specimen of “Aspidium filiz-mas” which he says he took at Royston Park while on the trip just Mentioned, and indicated the location as being in the tear of the Rifle Butts, below the Limestone Cliff, west of Owen Sound. At the first opportunity I drove out to the location indicated, and found directly four lusty plants, full- sized, fertile and sterile, but a little late in the season to take perfect and unblemished specimens. I have hot taken time as yet to thoroughly search the talus slope to adequately estimate the size of this station, but will do so very shortly. The plants grow on rather large sized limestone rock . talus, on a slope not wider than 100 yards, in front of a 60-foot cliff, facing east, and are not in deep shade. The trees are mostly Beech, Maple, and a few Cedar, tather open and scattered, letting in a good illumination from above, and will be shaded by the cliff from the hot afternoon sun. They neighbor Polystichum lonchitis, Scolopendrium vulgare and Aspidium marginale, and More splendid specimens of either I have seldom seen. The elevation above sea level is 799 feet, much lower, I believe, than is their usual habitat. It appears not a little strange that I had system- atically searched for three years for this elusive fern and curiously enough have been within a few hun Yards of it at different times without examining the *xact slope where it deigned to dwell. a W. R. McCott 20 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Mostiy InTERROGATIONS.—-A novice in fern col- lecting, like any other hobby, fad, or pastime, naturally gropes around for condensed information and reliable assistance along the special line selected; and like the mercantile shopper wants the most of the best for the least, in the shortest and easiest way; and usually gets what he goes after if average judgment is used in the acquisition. Lacking much that appeared essential in fern lore and herbarium methods I have taken much time and some trouble to absorb and digest about eight or ten volumes of the “Fern Bulletin” and “American Fern Journal” which were handed to me for perusal by @ former subscriber to both; all of which I must say I intensely enjoyed as it only whetted an already sharp- ened appetite for the subjects in question. But the items which I was specially interested in failed to materialize. I found, however, one thoughtful editor (I think it was Prof. E. J. Winslow) who said in his inaugural address, “if you do not know, please ask questions, as most of us like to be questioned.” That gentleman certainly understood the require ments of a novice, and I shall follow his kindly advice and ask a few. First, what is considered the best way to press ferns? What amount of pressure is thought to be desirable, and how most easily applied? What advantage has felt over paper for press driers, and what size is usually used? Will good carpet felt answer? How long should a fern remain in press before changing driers? Are slats, say one inch apart, on top and bottom of pres. considered better than plain boards, and why? Can anyone manage to press Athyrium thelypteroides, Onoclea sensibilis, or Athyrium Filiz-foemina without discok oration, and how? That will do for this time, but may return again for help; I will not, however, ask 80 much without returning at least a little. — NotTes and NEws 21 Spring will be with us and the fern fiddleheads peep- ing through the soil along with the quarterly delivery of the ‘American Fern Journal’ for 1918, and some may be unable to find suitable conditions in the home garden to satisfy the water-loving ferns, such as Osmunda regalis, O. cinnamomea, Aspidium thelypteris, and pos- sibly a few others, to give them regularly the moisture to which they have been accustomed under normal conditions, Sink in the garden in a suitable place a deep crockery Pan or crock allowing the edge to come within two Inches of the soil level; line the bottom with brick or crock pieces for drainage, upon which spread a good thick layer of turfy peat; set your fern upon this founda- tion and fill to ground level with swamp earth or boggy mould such as these ferns grew in. This treatment allows the plant to absorb gradually and steadily all the moisture from each rainfall and the Same conditions prevail when hand or hose watering found necessary during dry spells. Por the trouble incurred you will be amply repaid with thor oughly thrifty and healthy plants. If success hag hot crowned your former efforts try this plan, and “njoy in your home fern garden the regal beauty of the Osmunda family, and any fern that likes a similar habitat, f These delightful fronds are lacking in too many “mneries, simply because their treatment in the new “vironment has been inadequate to guarantee satis- ‘Actory results. W. R. McCout uM napa Y we like to be asked questions and will try to ie eS cColl’s. The best way to press ferns, or any other p f it oe Be Lape, Sheets of unglazed paper, between driers of heavy pe 4 et. The folded sheets permit the specimen to be led W. bs hanging driers Without disturbing its position; and felt paper 22 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL he gets; from forty to sixty pounds is recommended. Stiff, thick, intractable plants take more than thin and delicate ones, and many plants pressed at once more than a few. Some of the best fern specimens I ever saw were made by piling stone paving blocks results; my own pet press has coarse-threaded wooden screws, taken from some old carpenter’s clamps. The usual size for driers is about 12 by 17 or 18 inches—a little larger than the standard herbarium sheet. The first change of driers should be made not longer than 24 hours after the specimens are put in press. Slats are better than solid boards for the top and bottom of the press because they permit a more rapid evaporation of moisture. The species mentioned, or any other of our native ferns, can be pres Stokes Co., New York, which gives rather full directions for press- / ing plants. SAS Y- Prince Roland Bonaparte is constantly receiving, his great fern herbarium, numbered collections from various sources and from many different regions, some specimens of which are, inevitably, either wrongly identified or sent out without names. He has under- taken to determine these misnamed or nameless spe mens, describing new species and varieties where nec- essary, and to publish the results for the benefit of others who may have sets of the same collections, ™ a series of brochures which he calls “Notes Ptéridolo- giques.”* Four. fascicles have already been issued, comprising nearly 700 pages and dealing with species Se Bonaparte. Notes Ptsridologiques. Paris. Fascicule : III, pp. 27. Dee Prince Pp. 230, July 14, 1915. i, pp. 219, Dec. 2, 1915. 1916. IV, Pp. 123, May 19, 1917. Nores. anp News 23 from almost all parts of the world. Their usefulness to owners and curators of large collections is obvious; to such, Prince Bonaparte is doing a real and generous Service. M. Henri Gadeau de Kerville of Rouen has pub- lished, in two beautifully printed pamphlets, illustrated with fine photogravure plates, five ‘Notes sur les Fougéres.””*> Note 1 is a comparative list of the species of ferns occurring in Europe, France and Normandy. 74 species, two of them doubtful, are listed from Eur- ope: 50 from France and 25 from Normandy. These totals may be compared with our 64 from the Gray’s Manual region, and 115 from that covered:by Small’s Flora of the southeastern United States. In note 2, the author protests against the bestowing of scientific varietal names on minor, often abnormal variations n leaf-form. He gives point to his protest by relating how he Produced no less than three named “varieties” from 4 single clump of normal, wild hart’s-tongue by Simply tr nsplanting it to his conservatory; and that the “varieties” showed a strong tendency to return to the normal form as they became used to their new “vironment. Note 3 deals with experiments in eer "8 22 species of ferns in complete darkness—a condi- tion in which ferns, unlike most other plants, are able ° Produce some chlorophyll. The coloration of scales fee Temains normal. Some individuals remained ete whew, long as five years without a ray of light. k Meh lived at all produced abnormally long, wea a and rudimentary fronds, which, in the case io Mple fronds, did not progress beyond the crozier : Note 4 contains a table, showing the altitudinal adeau de Kerville, Henri. Notes sur les Fougeres. E 1 Foe 66 engine nontinge pene eye 161- 14, pis, ee ier ee oe 4 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL distribution of French ferns. Eight species reach alti- tudes above 2500 meters. These are Woodsia alpina, Cystopteris fragilis, C. montana, Dryopteris Filiz-mas, D. spinulosa, Polystichum Lonchitis, Asplenium viride and Cryptogramma crispa. It is interesting to note that all of these occur in North America, with the exception of the last, which is represented here by the closely re- lated Cryptogramma acrostichoides. Five species, Tri- chomanes radicans, Hymenophyllum tunbridgense, H. peliatum, Asplenium marinum and Pteris cretica are found only below 500 meters, and of these none occurs certainly in North America, though a Trichomanes of the southeastern United States has been referred to i radicans. Note 5 deals with the inrolling of growing fronds in certain plants of the hart’s-tongue, a phe- nomenon which M. Gadeau de Kerville believes to be due to some abnormality in the structure of the plant which prevented a sufficient supply of water from reaching the leaf-tissue. CA: Wi AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY ANNUAL REPORTS OF THE SOCIETY Report of the President for 1917 In accepting this office it seemed to me that besides exercising such general knowledge of the Society § affairs as seemed possible, I should be present at } yearly meetings. Accordingly I made it a point i be present at the meeting in Brooklyn on the evening of December 29 and to exhibit and talk on some speci- mens from my collection. The meeting was thoroughly enjoyed by all present and I am sure that no one Te gretted their attendance and that all were well pleased by the hospitality of the Brooklyn Botanical Ga and its accomplished representative, Dr. Benedict- very interesting and with us a popular exhibit was AMERICAN FERN Society 25 the part of the gardens devoted to the outdoor growth of ferns, the only regret being that we could not exam- ine them together in summertime. It was my intention to visit Pittsburgh during Con- vocation week of the American Association and hold 4 meeting. Efforts were shaping to that end when unfortunately an accident happened to me on November > 24, which confined me almost helpless to the house until the middle of January. to the supervisory knowledge of the affairs of the Society, it is sufficient to state that the budget for the year has been properly carried out, the experi- ence of past years studied and utilized in the preparation of the budget for the coming year. The Secretary and Editors have really carried the burdens of the Society and are deserving of all praise, as well as the Treasurer and the Curator of the herbarium, whose work is equally ®nerous, but not as evident. Their reports should be “arefully read and will show that there is a constant ort to keep expenses within limits and always to Save a little every year for unforeseen uses. It is hoped that we may hold a well attended meeting hext December. WitiraMm Pater, President. Report of the Secretary for 1917 - year, for the Society, has been quiet, with few outstanding events to record, but reasonably pros- vider Our usual activities have, with the one parrot ~ of a delayed number of the JourNaL, gone smoothly co A meeting in combination with the Appa- chian Mountain Club was held at Boston in May, ra ®ne was planned for December at Pittsburgh in ee tion with Convocation Week of the American <5 tion for the Advancement of Seience. War Madi ions, however, and accident so interfered with 26 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL this latter that the program planned for it was finally not given. Several notable additions have been made to the Society’s literary possessions. By an exchange with the Philippine Journal of Science, we have acquired a nearly complete set of Section C, Botany, of that publication, containing many of Dr. E. B. Copeland’s important papers on tropical ferns. MM. Henri Gadeau de Kerville has generously presented to the Society several copies of his ‘Notes sur les Fougéres” and “Considerations et Recherches sur la Direction des Racines et des Tiges.” Mrs. Annie Morrill Smith, on behalf of the Sullivant Moss Society, has turned over to us a quantity of duplicate numbers of the Fern Bul- letin. Mr. Winslow has given a set of Prince Bona- parte’s Notes Ptéridologiques, and Mrs. Noble a copy of Vol. 4 of the Fern Bulletin and one number of Vol. 3: Members are again reminded that they may borrow any literature owned by the Society. Two members, Mrs. Hurd and Mr. Druery, have died during the year. Five have resigned; five have been dropped for non-payment of dues. Twenty-one new members have been received, and the membership now (Dec. 31, 1917) stands at 270, a gain of nine ig wes last year and, again, a new record for the Society- For three years now we have, each year, scored a sma advance in number of members over anything Pl viously reached. This slow, but apparently solid growth carries with it much encouragement; ses We must all do our part in seeing that it continue during the coming year. More than ever is such effort needed now, when the war and the paramount ees which it brings to many of us absorb so much of ss energies; and when, nevertheless, the light of anath and the love of truth need, more than ever, to be kep alive and nature offers us more of peace and pro than in less troubled times. C. A. Wearuersy, Secretary Report of the Treasurer for 1917 ° RECEIPTS Cash on hand, Jan. 1, AOEE os eNO e Membership dues POr VO1S oo. eg A a, ea “3916 13.75 : Pace OTT. 190.35 he ** 1918 1 4 “ “ss 1919 1 ———_ 218.10 Meee ets for 1016......°.. 6 ee a ENOL seis ke wet aee 31.29 < ats | y ee meyer 6.55 ——— 39:64 Emergency Fund, a acct. of Dryopteris sets.......... $ 4.99 : of back numbers of JouRNAL..... 50.20 65:19 a eeenaemateD 6 race atrating fund. Coke cadet een ee ee Incidental r receipts wae eee -80 $410.00 BURSEMENTS — S$ expenses: Dotan, anus of officers, list of ener a C mses: posthae and printing. . 5.00 j tors s expenses: herbarium supplies) :5 i... ty ee es 8.87 OURN NAL expens : Pri ee eee oie oe - Mustrating, regular see 7.70 special tind given: unten 16.40 ditors’ expenses 218.83 Rsurance on back nos. of Journat, Order of Council No. 25. 1.85 $267.95 Balance, Dec. 31, 1917... fy yoccs pois OenUn Time: eee $410.00 This pence was divided as follows: seas from sale of back numbers of JouRNA™ . $ 55.19 and other iret urces ecg 1 . Mlustrating “ %, H>% IHEROW BAY _ a oy 7 ee pe i ; pe nintiqn ie ‘ tage by & s ‘an: i eee her x f Ke tier ON. * Ss EF Rebtine Islonet cant rey Ne SILVER ISLET " ¢_i2 2° 30 40$0 <0 70 80 99 £20 . ae eens ‘eS est 2 “ Lake Superior ' SCALE 3 MAP ed ae 4 Gn miles) g { O£.T. SKETCH MAP OF THE REGION EXPLORED IN 1912-1917 eavy 1 dots indi cate the main stopping plac Only e larger lakes and streams have fg a tongs no attempt having been made to show ee eae ae smaller lakes and ponds. 42 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL LYCOPODIALES 1. Lycopopium Setaco L. This interesting species was reported by Macoun for high exposed rocks ten miles south of Otter head, on the northeastern shore of Lake Superior, also north of that locality, while, in 1912, Mr. Daily and I collected it on Jackfish Island, along the middle northern shore of the lake, about sixty-five miles northwest of Macoun’s locality. This island had a deep covering of Sphagnum and other mosses together with Cranberries, Empetrum nigrum, Vaccinium uligino- sum, ete., altogether a remarkable association of far northern species. 2. Lycopopium LucipuLumM Michx. John Macoun reports this as very common through northern Ontario. Our stations are in protected valleys along streams oF shores: Orient Bay, south end of Lake Nipigon; south of Nipigon; base of Rabbit Mt., near Stanley; and along Lake Superior at Maloney’s Harbor, Magnet Point, and channel at Porphyry Island. Our collections do not include the species from the northern end of Lake Nipr gon nor our inland stations either east or west of there. 3. Lycopopitum poropHyttum Lloyd & Underw. Margin of little pond, west side of Surprise Lake, Thun- der Cape. This is the most northwesterly station re- ported for the species, which ranges from Newfoundland and Quebee to Wisconsin and south to Missouri and South Carolina. oe 4. Lycopoptum inunpatum L. This species, with a range from Newfoundland to New Jersey and west to Washington and Alaska in cold bogs and on cold sandy Shores, was noted by Agassiz along the north shore of Lake Superior on his famous cruise in 1848, but it, ev" dently, has not often been found in this region. Our only collection of it was on a compact, sandy, ope?, but somewhat boggy bank of a little creek three miles sout of Oscar, along the Canadian Government Railway on¢ hundred and five miles northwest of Fort William. PreRIDOPHYTES OF NoORTHW ESTERN ONTARIO 43 9. Lycopopium AnNnotinum L. Usually in well drained mixed woods, but apparently rather indifferent as to substratum, being found on rocky shores, sand- hills, or glacial boulder morainal deposits, occasionally ‘ven penetrating spruce-sphagnum muskegs. Longue- lac, north end of Long Lake; Jellicoe; Ombabika, north end of Lake Nipigon; Sioux Lookout Knob, Graham; unt; Oscar; middle of western shore of Long Lake; Virgin Falls, south end Lake Nipigon; Rossport; Jack- fish ; Nipigon; Little Fluor Island; Porphyry Island; Silver Islet, Thunder Cape; Loon Lake; Fort William; Stanley, LYCOPODIUM CLAVATUM AT SILVER ISLET (Photograph by O. E. Jennings, Aug. 2, 1914) i oa. Lycoroprum ANNOTINUM var. PUNGENS Desv. % dense Spruce-sphagnum bog at Heron Bay and - “Y's Plat, along the northern shore of Lake ee : Lycopopiuy cLavatum L. Usually on thin sandy °F rocky soils; in spruce woods on rocky hills and cliffs a ee rer ele- M mixed woods of birch, aspen, ete., at a lane 44 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL vation. Heron Bay; Orient Bay, south end of Lake Nipigon; Nipigon Palisades; Thunder Cape; Loch Lo- mond, Fort William; Loon Lake; Rabbit Mt., Stanley; Osear; English River Falls, Hunt; Sioux Lookout. Macoun refers to this species as common in eastern and northwestern Ontario. 6a, LyYcOPODIUM CLAVATUM var. MONOSTACHYON Grev. & Hook. On rocky outerop at side of muskeg, Conmee, twenty miles north of Nipigon. LycopopIUM CLAVATUM var. MEGASTACHYON Fern. & Biss. In spruce-bireh woods on clay-sand- boulder soil one mile east of Sioux Lookout. The spikes in these specimens are from 3-5 em. long, the peduncles up to 11 em. long. The range of this variety is given as Quebec and Cape Breton Island to Connecti- cut, and west, locally, to northern Michigan (Rhodora 12: 50-55. March, 1910), hence our locality is an e& tension of range to the northwest. 7. LycopopiuM oBSCURUM var. DENDROIDEUM (Michx.) D. C. Eaton. Mostly on rocky knobs, bluffs, and talus slopes in spruce woods, but extending also to sandy or clayey morainal deposits and sandy shores. Longuelac, Long Lake; Jellicoe; Orient Bay, Lake Nipigon; east side of Lake Helen; Palisades, Nipigon, Alexander Portage, Nipigon River; Rossport; Sleeping Giant Mt., Thunder Cape; Mt. McKay, Fort William, Oscar; Hunt; Sioux Lookout Knob, Graham. Macoun says of obscurum: “Very common in the central a ties of Ontario and westward around Lake Super!0?: 8. Lycopoprum sitcuensr Rupr. Reported by Mar coun from Magpie River, north of Lake Superior. The general range is from Labrador and Quebec to norther? New England and New York, and from Alaska 10 Washington, the Lake Superior station forming _ intermediate connecting link between these eastern ane western regions. PTERIDOPHYTES OF NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO 409 9. LycopopruM SABINAEFOLIUM Willd. Eastern Que- bee to Vermont and New York. Also reported from Magpie River, north of Lake Superior.—Macoun. 10. Lycopopium compLanatTuM L. Very few of the specimens collected in the Lake Superior region seem to be of the species, most of them being more typical of the variety flabelliforme. The following are probably referable to the species: Longuelac, north end of Long Jellicoe; Little Fluor Island; Tee Bay, Thunder ape. 10a. LycopopiuMm COMPLANATUM var. FLABELLIFORME Fernald. On rocky knobs and bluffs with spruce, or lower in aspen or Banksian pine woods. Middle west- ern shore of Long Lake; Nipigon Palisades; Orient Bay, south end of Lake Nipigon; Silver Islet Harbor, Thunder Cape; Graham. Under complanatum, Macoun notes: ‘Very common in cool woods throughout northern On- tario and westward to Lake Nepigon and Kakabeka Falls, Ont., and Swan Lake, Man.” these localities Probably referring mainly to the more recently described var. flabelliforme. : 10b. Lycoroprum compLanatum forma Wreper (Ha- berer) Clute. The range given for this form is northern Vermont and central New York (Gray’s Manual), but umong our specimens there have been referred to it the following collections: Orient Bay, south end of Lake ‘Ipigon; Silver Islet Harbor, Thunder Cape; and Sioux Lookout. 1. Lycopoprum tristacnyum Pursh. With Bank- ‘lan and red pine on steep gravel ridge (esker) about one and one-half miles north of Watcomb, Can- Gov. northwest Ry., about one hundred and sixty-one miles of Fort William, Aug. 24, 1917. In size and appearance these specimens match almost identically L- tristachyum 4S collected by E. J. Winslow at Hartland, Vermont, July 5, 1910. The reported distribution for this species 46 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL is northern Maine to Delaware and south in the moun- tains to North Carolina. Also Lake Superior. The Watcomb station is thus a notable northwesterly ex- tension of range. 12, SELAGINELLA RUPESTRIS (L.) Spring. On ex- posed rocks and clifis, mostly along shores. Reported from New England and Ontario to Georgia and the middle West. In the Lake Superior region Agassiz reported it for the north shore of the lake and Macoun for the east coast of Lake Nipigon. Our collections are from: Heron Bay; Rossport; Nipigon; Livingston Point, n. e. shore of Lake Nipigon; shores of Pelican Lake and pockets at top of Sioux Lookout Knob, Graham, these latter records being perhaps the most northwestern re- ported for the species. 13. SELAGINELLA SELAGINOIDES (L.) Link. This cir- cumboreal species extends south in North America to New Hampshire, Michigan, and Colorado. Noted by Macoun as ‘‘Very common along the north shore of Lake Superior and shores of Lake Nepigon,’’ but col- lected during our five seasons in that region twice: Under alder fringe at edge of Maloney Harbor, Magnet Point, Lake Superior; and at mouth of cold springs in flat sandy-marly bog, margin of small lake at Jellicoe. 14. Isonres Braun Dur. (I. echinospora var. Braunii (Dur.) Engelm.) On open sandy clay or gravel bottoms of fairly quiet but not stagnant water, at 2 depth of three inches to two feet. East shore of Orient Bay, Lake Nipigon; near English River Falls and shore of Jarvis Lake, Hunt, Can. Gov. Ry. This is mainly a northern species, but ranging south to Pennsylvania In the east and to California in the west. Our specimens are, however, possibly of an undescribed species or var- lety. PTERIDOPHYTES OF NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO 47 EQUISETALES 15. Equisetum ARvENSE L. Mostly on sandy shores or sandy glacial terraces: Rossport; Nipigon; Longuelac, north end of Long Lake; Fluor Island and Magnet Point, Lake Superior; Stanley. 15a. EquiseTuM ARVENSE var. CAMPESTRE Schultz. On gravelly island at lower end of rapids, Nipigon, and (fine fruiting specimens) on sand-gravel railroad em- bankment, C. N. R., east of Longuelac, north end of Long Lake. 156. Equiserum aARVENSE var. pirrusuM A. A. Eaton. Sandy strand, Orient Bay, and along trail, Ombabika Post, Lake N ipigon; wet sawdust along shore of lake at unt, C. G. Ry. When our material was gotten together it became ap- Parent that the more typical arvense was represented only from the Lake Superior and Long Lake collections while, to the northwest, around Lake Nipigon and west of there, only the varieties were represented. Although Tecan not state definitely, I do not believe that the typical “vense occurs, at least commonly, in the latter dis- Mets, or it would have been collected. 16. Equisrrum PRATENSE Ehrh. With a general ‘ange from Nova Scotia and Quebec to Alaska and south to the northern U. S., this is reported for the shores of ake Nipigon and Lake Superior by Macoun, and our collections include it from mixed woods on glacial till at °nguelac, north end of Long Lake. Certainly not “emmon in western Ontario. 17. Equiserum syLvaticum L. Restricting this name 0 the plants with shorter and more recurved branches, at Specimens are from: Heron Bay; Pay’s Plat; Jack- fish: Porphyry Island; Longuelac; Stanley; and satan Mostly in spruce-sphagnum bogs, but on old sand dunes at Stanley, 48 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL 17a. EQUISETUM SYLVATICUM Var. CAPILLARE (Hofim.) Milde. Mostly in deep spruce-balsam woods on moist, but not too boggy, soil, but also on various other habi- tats, such as burned over glacial till or granite, or even muskeg. Rapids on Kenogami River, seven miles below Longuelac; Jellicoe; Lake Helen, north of Nipigon; Orient Bay and Ombabika Post, Lake Nipigon; Por- phyry Island, Lake Superior; Mt. McKay and Crystal Lake, south of Fort William; Hunt; Sioux Lookout. 18. Equiserum paLustRE L. This widely distrib- uted species, extending from Newfoundland to Alaska and south to New York, Illinois, and Arizona, is dis- tinctly rare in the district explored. Macoun reports it from the east side of Lake Nipigon, our collections not including it. 19. Equisrrum Lirorate Kuehl. On wet sandy shores from New Brunswick to Pennsylvania, Ontario, Minnesota and west to British Columbia. Reported by Macoun at Little Flat Rock Portage, south of Lake Nipigon. Our collections include it from Longuelac; Fort William; and North Ombabika Peninsula, north end of Lake Nipigon. | 20. Equisetum ruuviatme L. (EB. limosum L.) This widely distributed species occurs in shallow waters, Swamps, and bogs; in open shallow water with a sandy bottom often forming large areas of dense and prac- tically pure associations. Our collections include it from Longuelac; Fort William; Hunt; Nipigon; Lake Jessie, twenty miles north of Nipigon; Orient Bay, south end of Lake Nipigon; and (in boggy spruce-sphag- num woods) at Ombabika, north end of Lake Nipigon. 21. Equtserum Larvicarum A. Braun. This species, occurring from New Jersey to Ontario, North Carolina, Mexico, and British Columbia, is reported but once 1? Western Ontario, based on our collection along the boggy margin of the Nipigon River, below Nipigon, June 30, j ; q 4 E i 3 | PTERIDOPHYTES OF NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO 49 22, EQUISETUM HIEMALE var. INTERMEDIUM A, A, Eaton. This North American variety of E. hiemale, ranging from Connecticut to Michigan, Texas and Cali- fornia, occurs in our collections from: Open upper beach, Orient Bay, Lake Nipigon; shore of little lake in sand-plain, Jellicoe. So far as known this is a consider- able extension of range to the northwest. 23. EquiseruM VARIEGATUM Schleich. Reported for “Sands, Lake Nepigon.”—Macoun. Our collections are best referred to the following variety: 23a. EQuIsSETUM VARIEGATUM var. Jesupr A. A. Eaton. The reported general range of this variety is: Quebee and Ontario, south to Connecticut and Illinois (Gray’s Manual). It was found by us on a sandy beach, Pelican Lake, Sioux Lookout, and at Sandy Point, Orient Bay, Lake Nipigon. The specimens from the latter place were reported in the earlier list as E. hyemale L., but further study has convinced the writer that they are E. variegatum, var. Jesupi. (See A. A. Eaton, Fern Bull. 12: 23-25. 1904.) Under ramosissimum Macoun reports an Hquisetum from peke’s Point, southeastern Lake Nipigon, which from his notes ig probably to be referred to Jesupt. The variety Jesupi is evidently a hybrid between £. varie- gatum and E. hiemale (Ruth Holden. The Anatomy wt 4 Hybrid Equisetum. Am. Journ. Bot. 2: 225-237. Pls. V-VIII. May, 1915.) | 23b. Equiserum yarrecatum var. Jesupr forma MULTIRAMEUM Blake. Specimens with slender upper branches and thus referable to Blake’s form. were gTOW- Mg with the var. J esupi at Sioux Lookout. _ 24. Equisetum scrrporpEs Michaux. Ranging from Pennsylvania and Illinois northwards to Labrador and British Columbia, this species is reported by Macoun 48 Very common throughout northern Ontario, and ee Collected by us as follows: spruce-sphagnum bog @ 50 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL head of Ombabika Bay, Lake Nipigon; south shore of North Ombabika Peninsula; Orient Bay, south end of Lake Nipigon; Thuja-Alnus thicket, shore of lake at Jellicoe. PirrsBuRGH, Pa. (To be continued) A Vermont Fern Garden HAROLD GODDARD RUGG When I first became interested in ferns, my interest was largely in the herbarium specimens, but soon I began to desire to see the growing plant and to be able to study its growth. In the years of my collecting I have seen growing in their natural habitat practically all of the ferns credited to Vermont, and at some time or other I have had plants of them growing in my fernery at Proctorsville, Vermont. In some cases, however, the rarer ferns have survived but a year or two. An ideal location for a fernery is a northern exposure possibly the north side of a house. My fernery 1 such a location has plenty of shade, the ground retains its moisture longer than in other locations and the soil is free from tree roots. The soil is ordinary loam, but to this I add leaf mould. i I have succeeded with all the ordinary ferns, including some which like Woodwardia virginica L. (Sm.) need rather moist conditions. My Woodwardia however has never produced fertile fronds. Woodwardia areolata (L.) Moore, not a native of Vermont, plants of which may be purchased from two of our dealers, does well and has fruited nearly every year. : One of the ferns I was most anxious to have growins in my fernery was Lygodium palmatum (Bernh.) Sw. I sent for plants of this several times to two nursery” A VERMONT FERN GARDEN 51 men, but to no avail, for the fern never lived beyond the first season. F inally I was able to visit a station for this fern and took up a root with a large amount of soil and had no difficulty in making the plant live. This fern has grown and fruited well in my fernery and is one of my most attractive and treasured plants. Later I received from a dealer another plant taken up With a large amount of soil and this plant too has done well. Both plants are in a rather dry part of my fern order. As for the Botrychiums I have tried them all from Botrychium sim plex E. Hitcheock to B. obliquum Muhl. but the only one that has really flourished is B. vir- ginianum (L.) Sw. B. obliquum has sometimes sur- Vived; but B. simplex and B. ramosum (Roth) Aschers. tnd B. lanceolatum (Gmel.) Angstroem, var. angustiseg- mentum Pease & Moore have always died, even though I have taken up a large amount of soil with the roots. T even sent to England for a root of B. lunaria (L.) Sw., as that is represented in the Vermont flora by a “ingle specimen collected at Lake Willoughby, but that '00 went the way of the others.! Possibly some reader of this article can tell me how to grow successfully the members of this interesting family. For several years I have had five growing plants of Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link. This is in a slightly “used bed with other ferns, but I have placed small Pieces of marble throughout the soil. Asplenium viride Huds. has done well for two oF ree years and then died as has Woodsia glabella R. " and Woodsia alpina (Bolton) 8. F. Gray and As- Plenium Ruta-muraria L. Woodsia ilvensis (L.) R. Br., %odsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr., and some of the sone Woodsias and Polypodium vulgare L. do well if rocks S s been bins ®e the above was written, a small colony of B lunaria ba hear St. Johnsbury, Vt 52 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL are placed near the roots or if a small rockery can be constructed. Of the Vermont rock ferns I ane had the greatest difficulty with Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link. Pot- grown plants thrive the first season but never appear the second spring. Aspleniuwm septentrionale (L.) Hofim. did well for a season but died the second year after a struggle for existence. Others with good facilities for an elaborate rockery will doubtless succeed with many of these rock ferns which have troubled me so much. The many varieties of the Lady fern which may be purchased in England and from Dreer in this country are a welcome addition to the fernery — need no special treatment. Two very interesting and attractive ferns with which I have been successful are Lomaria spicant and As- plenium goringianum pictum from Japan. Four of the choicest and most treasured ferns I have came from plants originally in the garden of the late Mr. George Davenport. These were given by Mr. Davenport to Mrs. Emily Hitchcock Terry and very kindly passed on to me, years later, by Mrs. Terry: These are Dicksonia punctilobula cristata (Maxon) Clute, Aspidium thelypteris Pufferae (A. A. Eaton) Bokiiean: Aspidium spinulosum, var: concordianum (Davenport) Eastman and Aspidium pittsfordense (Slosson) Eastman. I might say that the ordinary Dicksonia does well in a sunny exposure or the sout side of the house and is an attractive cover for a stone underpinning. One of the hardiest and most easily grown of our native ferns is Aepiaeum Filiz-mas (L. Sw. and an interesting fern for one’s fernery is Scolo- pendrium vulgare Sm., but in Vermont this sometimes suffers from our boven: winters. Hanover, N. H Some Recent Fern Literature Professor F. K. Butters, of the University of Minne- sota, has recently published! a thorough-going tax- onomic study of the American lady-ferns. In dis- tinguishing species, he has placed little weight on details of the form and cutting of the frond, taken by them- selves, but has sought more reliable characters in indusia, scales, spores and the like. His conclusions may’ be Summarized as follows: - The genus Athyrium is abundantly distinct from Asplenium, with which it has been, until recent years, united by American authors, but, as already pointed out by Milde and Copeland, is closely related to, and hot very clearly separable from, the tropical genus Diplazium. It is also closely related to the more primi- tive species of Dryopteris, and probably arose from Some form similar to D. Thelypteris. 2. The silvery and narrow-leaved spleenworts, which have been more or less handed back and forth between Asplenium and Athyrium in recent manuals, really elong in neither, but should find a resting-place in Diplazium. 3. The lady-fern of the Northwest, Athyrium cyclo- serum Rupr., is identical in all essential respects with the original A. Filix-femina of Europe and should bear that name. The eastern lady-ferns fall into two species, distinet from each other and from true A. Filia-femind. For the benefit of our readers who may be interested and who may not have access to Prof. Butters’s pape? the names and ranges of the three American species oad 4 synopsis of their characters, as worked out by him, are given below. a 7 " Butters, Frederic K. Taxonomic and Geographic pion pinee Selggen Ferns. _I. ‘The Genus Athyrium and lace! ae pane ite An, led to Athyrium Filix-femina. II. page sai OL 138. SeDtes lai7, “2” Varieties. Rhodora 19: 170-216, figs 53 64. ‘AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Rootstock erect or ascending, the young growth surrounded by the bases of the old fronds; stipes usually 14 to 14 as long as the frond, rather densely scaly near the base, the scales usually pale brown, their cells readily visible under a handlens, about 6 times as long as broad; frond widest in the middle, tapering about equally both ways; well-developed indusia usually less than 1 mm. long and proportionally broad, ciliate with long, multicellula reilia; spores yellowish and sparsely papillate. Alaska to New Mexico and California. Two varieties. Athyrium Filix-femina (L.) Roth. Rootstock horizontal or somewhat oblique, the young growth at the end, in advance of the bases of the old fronds ; stipes pro- portionally longer; well-developed indusia usually 1 mm. or more in length, proportionally narrower. Rootstock oblique, densely covered with the bases of the old fronds, stipes up to 14 as long as the fronds, their scales usually dark brown, with cells 15 times as long as broad, not visible under a hand-lens; indusia (averaging 1.10.5 mm. toothed on the margin or with a few short, one-celled or rarely multicellular cilia; spores yellowish, smooth or sparsely papil- late.—Labrador to Manitoba, southward to southern New England, Pennsylvania, northern Missouri and the Black Hills. Probably also in eastern Asia. Six varieties and forms. Athyrium angustum (Willd.) Presl. Rootstock creeping, not densely covered with the bases of the old fronds; stipes about as long as the fronds, ree scales similar to those of A. Filix-femina, but usually few; frond widest near the base; indusia (averaging 1.30.45 mm.) glandular-ciliate; spores blackish, reticulate or wrinkled.— Florida to Texas, north to Missouri, Indiana, Ohio and along the Atlantic coast to eastern Massachusetts. One variety: Athyrium asplenioides (Michx.) Desv- Professor Butters’s treatment of this complicated group seems to the present reviewer altogether W ork- manlike and convincing, the more so beeause the ranges of his three species fall into agreement with what are coming to be recognized as laws of plant distribution. The plant of Europe, skipping eastern North Americ# and re-appearing in the Northwest; the plant of north- . | ! . REcENT FERN LITERATURE i Bes eastern America, unknown in Europe but appearing in eastern Asia; the plant known only from the coastal region of the eastern United States and portions of the Mississippi basin, are already old friends to stu- dents of plant geography. Moreover, the two eastern species were described long ago and have been very generally considered by European botanists and fern- srowers as distinct from the European lady-fern; only in their own country have they been without honor. All three species will have their difficulties for the beginner, since the really crucial characters by which they are distinguished are microscopic; but there are fnough obvious differences in rootstock, outline of frond and length of stipe to make them recognizable, after a little study, to the amateur, unarmed with a ‘ompound microscope. All three vary considerably and along essentially parallel lines in the shape and cutting of pinnae and pinnules; such differences cannot be depended upon in naming specimens. na similar study of Botrychium virginianum, Pro- fessor Butters distinguishes seven geographic varieties of that species, characterized chiefly by the size, color and manner of dehiscence of the sporangia. “Fern Notes,” by Mr. O. A. Farwell,’ presents, rs author tells us, the results of several years’ researches ™ field, herbarium and library. They will he of the ‘More interest and stimulus to fern students, because Mr. Farwell has his own point of view aia sik te kis use of names and in classification, is inclined to depart from, the usage familiar to us in current man uals. Hor | ean he reduces Lycopodium sabinaefolium, L. Setachypum, L. alpinum and L. sitchense all to varieties fich. Acad. Sci. 18: 1 > Farwell, Oliver Atkins. Fern Notes. Ann. Rep. $94. fig. 13. 1917, 56 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL of L. complanatum, maintaining that they differ from it no more than L. obscurum and its variety dendroideum from each other, and by similar characters. In matters nomenclatorial, he makes a further assault on the un- fortunate name Dryopteris. Nieuwland has already pointed out that this name is antedated by Thelypteris of Schmidel (1762). Mr. Farwell goes. still further back and takes up Filix of Hill. His reason is that Hill in his ‘Family Herbal,” published in 1755, uses the “binomials” Filix Mas and Filix Foemina as the- captions of paragraphs descriptive of the male fern and the bracken, the former coming first. The point is technical; but to the present writer’s mind there is no doubt that Hill’s use of this name, without generic description of his own or reference to another, utterly fails to fulfill the conditions of valid publication laid down in the Vienna Rules and that, under these rules, at least, the correct name for the genus is Thelypter?s. In view, however, of the hundreds of new combinations required, and the many changes of name the genus has already suffered, no one has shown himself very eager to take it up, though Dr. Rydberg has made a beginning in that direction. Other points of interest in Mr. Farwell’s paper are as follows: He suggests that, since Asplenium pinna- tifidum occasionally produces fronds with lanceolate, acute lobes of various lengths similar to those of 4- ebenoides, it may also be a hybrid of the walking fern and the ebony spleenwort, verging toward the former parent as A. ebenoides toward the latter. He ar an enumeration of varieties of the lady fern occurring in Michigan, to which, however ‘(since Mr. Farwell wrote before Prof. Butters’s paper. noticed above, appeared) names are given which were originally applied to forms of the European lady fern and are therefore not applicable to the American plant; rather extensive hotes on Botrychium and Ophioglossum; and descriptions Recent Fern LITERATURE of of a new variety of Botrychium multifidum (B. na or B. silaifolium of the manuals) and one of Lycopodiu obscurum. Vaughan McC aughey has contributed . . phi gi interesting account of the genus Gleichenia i pion ies Walian Islands. There are only four peppnsne ee ut they are important because they are the m of abundant ferns of the archipelago and because one It them, G, dichotoma, is, so to say, a forest i gone: takes possession of clearings in the aah mee driving out all other vegetation and mes often and impenetrable thickets 2 to 8 ft. a a ae hundreds of square rods in extent. Tits ee eres to be 20 ft. or more in length and es ae aS with of branching repeatedly, become Fae BS masses, heighboring fronds, forming dense, pees re bases of Sarnished with the hard, sharp and thorn-li ge to the old branches broken off—a formidable obstac ; lue of mountaineer, and a menace to the economic va the forest. Git ss the Hawaiians call this fern, has oe pad Usefulness. Cattle and goats will eat its AicCaatae if they can get nothing better; and Mr. d in basket- Suggests that its elastic stems might be use ly pleasing Work: otherwise this black sheep in the most toa and harmless family of ferns seems to have n ing features. nih . ; Notholaer Mr. Maxon, continuing his studies pe Neieare and related genera, has published some : peas Species of Pellaea. In these he points is) in the Hs . z nopteris) In *McCaughey, Vaughan. The genus Cnet ee oe ay beaded st Ne see or Hanae Proc. Biol. Soc. ‘Maxon, W. R. Notes on western species of Wash. 30: 179-194 Dec., 1917 ~ 58 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL name Pellaea mucronata D. C. Eaton properly applies to the fern long known as P. ornithopus Hook., and that P. Wrightiana, as it has generally been understood in recent years, really includes three species, true P. Wright- jana, a second long ago described by Hooker as P. longimucronata and a third, likewise already described by Davenport as a variety of P. Wrightiana, (though it is much more closely related to P. mucronata) and now raised to specific rank as P. compacta (Davenp.) Maxon. Some, at least, of our readers will remember Dr. W. N. Steil as the discoverer of apogamy in the purple cliff-brake. He has been for some six years carrying on further studies of apogamy in various ferns and now has published some of the results.‘ He has found several new cases of apogamy in the genera Pellaea, Pteris and Aspidium (used by him in the Fatonian sense to include Dryopteris, Tectaria and. Polystichum) and concludes that it is a rather common phenomenon in these genera and a constant one in some species. He describes the manner in which embryo plants are produced without fertilization. Antheridia are usually developed on apogamous prothallia and give rise to sperm-cells apparently normal and capable of func tioning. Archegonia are much more rarely produced. In a few cases the same prothallium produced twe embryos, one apogamously, the other apparently as the result of fertilization. One of Dr. Steil’s most interesting experiments was the attempt to induce apogamy in the royal fern, ® normally non-apogamous species, by preventing Sd tilization for a year and a half. The attempt entirely re Bull. *Steil, W. N. Studies of some new cases of apogamy in ferns. Torr. Bot. Club 45: 93-108. pls. 4 and 5. March, 1918. Notes anp NEews 59 failed. The occurrence of apogamy appears to be not at all dependent on external conditions (cultural, at least), but an inherent trait. GCA. Notes and News FERNS oF THE OSAGE Nation, Ox~aHnoma.—The Osage Nation or Osage County occupies a large part of north central Oklahoma, extending from the Kansas State line south to the Arkansas River. So far as the writer is aware, little has been published on the ferns of this or other parts of the state and it is believed that a few brief notes on the ferns of the region will Prove of interest. Woodsia obtusa, Pellaea atropurpurea, and Asplenvum platyneuron, are the most abundant species and are ‘ommon everywhere on sandstone, the prevailing type of rock in the eastern part of the county. Cheilanthes lanosa, Filix fragilis, Dryopteris marginalis, Asplenium irichomanes, and Selaginella rupestris can usually be found also where sandstone outcrops. . On the limestone ledges Notholaena dealbata and Pellaea atropurpurea are everywhere abundant. Pellaea Vlabella was found at a number of places in Osage County, also in P awnee and Kay counties and in Butler County, Kansas, but it is rather rare. Ophioglossum engelmanni is one of the most common Plants of the region. It is especially abundant m thin limestone soils, but also was noted frequently on shale and Sandstone soils. Along the Arkansas River in both Osage and Pawnee *ounties Cheilanthes tomentosa was found in large patches ary sandstone cliffs. It was not found in similar Situations farther north. on nPlosorus rhizophyllus was found in Moist sandstone cliffs and one large ¢o three places lony of Poly- 60 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL podium polypodiodes was noted covering the face of a sandstone ledge where it rises from the edge of a creek. The two rarest species appear to be Adiantum capil- lus-veneris and Osmunda regalis. Near Fairfax, along the foot of a dripping sandstone cliff is a fifty-foot bank of the Venus-hair fern. Another large colony was seen in Logan County near Guthrie. Of the royal fern only three or four plants were found, but the locality was not thoroughly explored. The plants were growing at the edge of a small pool along a spring fed branch— a rarity in this region. One fern-ally, Selaginella rupestris, has been men- tioned. The only other noted is Equisetum hyemale intermedium (E. laevigatum as interpreted by Mr. B. F. Bush). It is common here as elsewhere in north central Oklahoma. This list is small, comprising only 17 species in all, but it is considerably larger than the first impressions of the region would lead one to expect. The absence of the Christmas and maidenhair ferns is noteworthy as they are both abundant to the north and east In Kansas and Missouri. F. C. GREENE. A New Sration ror Botrycurum LuNARIA IN VER- MONT.—It was on the afternoon of July 9, 1917, while I was taking a little trip over the hills in a typical Ver- mont pasture, that I located a small colony of Botry- chium Lunaria. I had never seen it growing before but recognized it immediately from the fleshy texture and crescent shape of the pinnules. It was somew! at past the prime of its fruiting season but I cut two oF three specimens close to the ground, marked the spot and left the others to grow. My two best specimens were about four inches tall and the sterile segments have nine and eleven divisions Te Sy Twine? ES ia ee ire: ir Le pleas ses oS a NotTes AND NEws 61 respectively. The fertile segments are typical in form ut had scattered their spores. Many small sterile fronds were growing in that vicinity so I am expecting much better results from another trip which I propose to take to that locality in June, 1918. This station is located at an altitude of about 800 ft. on a dry sterile hillside four or five miles northwest of the village of St. Johnsbury but within the town limits. Inez Appr Howe. Forkinc Fronps iy ADIANTUM CAPILLUS-VENERIS.— On September 3 last, with two other botanically in- clined companions and one conchologically obsessed, I took a trip to Eaton Canyon, which cuts its way into the San Gabriel Mountains between Mt. Lowe and Mt. Wilson, for the purpose of spending a pleasant holiday in congenial surroundings and gathering such Specimens of natural history as might please our fancy. While exploring the upper reaches of the canyon, one of my friends called my attention to a forking frond of Adiantum Capillus-veneris L. and asked if it was common. Now I had not before particularly noted any such forms so we began looking for them to see if they were at all common. During the next hour or two we found perhaps a dozen fronds from simply forking dichotomously once to a quite compound form in which the two forks split up much after the manner of the veins of the pinules, making quite a crested end for the frond. I do not remember having seen any hotice of such forms in this species so pass the observa- tion along for the benefit of those who like to look for Variations from the normal. Gro. L. MOXLEY. 62 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Some time ago, there appeared in Science a very sensible letter from Prof. Clute on common and sci- entific names of plants. The moral of it—and a very good moral, too, is, in substance, this: that the demand among amateurs for English names and nothing but English names has much in it that is unreasonable and even hurtful to the study of botany. Among common names, the same one is often used for different plants and different ones for the same plant, so much so that they are, as a class, hopelessly inexact just where precision is a prime requisite. Latin names were expressly designed for exact reference and though botan- ical usage is not yet wholly uniform, fulfill their purpose very well. Nor are they so hard to learn and remember as the beginner is apt to suppose, forgetting that he has already assimilated a good many of them, such as aster, geranium, rhododendron, chrysanthemum and the like. Moreover, the attempt to create a sufficient supply of English names by simply making them up, one for each species, has not proved a shining success. Wherefore, though English names that have really grown up in popular usage are by no means to be ne- glected, pupils should be taught and amateurs brought to understand that scientific names have a real reason for existence, and should be used. All this strikes the present writer as in general very good, indeed. Nevertheless, ferns may be, to some extent, an exception. Next to birds, they seem to have the greatest attraction for the beginner and ama- teur in natural history, whose way may properly be made as easy as is consistent with scientific exactness. ’ Perhaps this might be facilitated if, in teaching, the Latin names were more often translated for the benefit of a generation which will not learn tin. It might help to know that Polypodium and Pteris and Crypto- gramma are not mere arbitrary sounds, but mean “many-footed’’ and ““a wing” and “ en line” and all refer to some quality of the plant to which they are applied. AMERICAN FERN Socrety 63 The ornithologists appear to have devised a generally accepted and sufficiently precise set of common names for the birds of the United States. The same could perhaps be done for the ferns, for the number of species concerned is not hopelessly large; and it would be a suitable task for the Fern Society. The first step would be to find out what common names are actually in use for ferns in different parts of the country; and the editors will be glad to receive any information along this line which members can give. C. A. W. American Fern Society The Council has passed an order providing that members in the military service of the United States may retain their membership for the duration of the war or of their active service without payment of dues. So far, we have heard of one who has gone to the front— Mr. Walter Mattern, now serving with one of the engi- heer regiments. The Secretary will greatly appreciate it if those who are in a position to do so will inform him of any others of our members who are in the army or navy, that our honor roll may be made complete. The early volumes of the Fern Bulletin are now rare and difficult to get. They contain, besides interesting Matter relating to the early activities of the Society, More or less of the first work of such men as C. E. Waters and A. A. Eaton, descriptions of a few new species, and notes on and illustrations of the rarer and more Interesting among the old ones. And they would be Useful in filling out sets. One member has suggested that the Society undertake to reprint Vols. 1-6 of the Bulletin, page for page, adding that he would be quite willing to pay ten dollars for the set. Ata rough guess, a. 64 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL it would need 50 or 60 subscribers at that rate. or a correspondingly larger number at a lower price, to enable the Society to meet the considerable expense ie reprinting. The work might be done piecemeal, ne or more volumes at a time, so that payments could be distributed over a more or less long period. Or, the cost could be reduced—perhaps cut in half—by reprinting only the scientific matter with the original paging indicated. Now, we wonder how many, members or not, indi- viduals or institutions, want such a reprint? Will those who do notify the editors and state the limit to which they are willing to go in the matter of price and what form of reprint they would prefer? The more sub- seribers, the less the cost to each. New Members: Butler, Mrs. Ellis Parker, 242 State St., pigiat N. Y. Comstock, John Belden, New Britain, C Eames, Mrs. Edward A., 155 Bryant St., "Buffalo, No Y. Change of Address: Bates, Miss Ethel, Box 39, South Berwick, Maine. Vice President Noble, acting as president in the absence of Mr. Palmer, has appointed Mr. C. H. Bissell, of Southington, Genk: chairman of the committee to nominate officers for the year 1919. All concerned are reminded that nominations made by any three members in good standing and sent to Mr. Bissell before August 20, will be placed on the official ballot with the com- mittee nominations. » American Fern Journal Vol. 8 JULY-SEPTEMBER, 1918 No. 3 The Jamaican Filmy Ferns FORREST SHREVE The students who have been working for many years to unravel the history of the vegetable kingdom, have given us a very clear and convineing body of proof that our terrestrial plants have developed from aquatic ancestors. It is doubtful if any single event in plant evolution is of greater importance than the emergence from ponds, rivers and lakes, and the development of characteristics which make life possible on dry land. We are familiar with the necessity of water for fertili- zation in mosses and in the prothallia of ferns, and the fact is very impressive when we realize that none of the ancestors of these plants were ever free of dependence upon water or films of water for this critical act in their life histories. The emergence of plants from the water to the land may have occurred more than once and in more than one group. However this may be, we have humerous cases in which members of purely terrestrial roups have returned to the water. All of our aquatic flowering plants show their terrestrial origin both in their relationships and in the fact that they expose their flowers above water, where fertilization is able to take Place by the complex process of pollination which, More than any other performance or structure, was the thing that made terrestrial existence possible. Although ferns still depend upon water as the medium for the transfer of sperm to egg, this act may be per- (No. 2 of the Journa (8: 33-64, Plate 3) was issued Aug. 6, 1915.] 65 66 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL formed with a scanty and transitory supply of water. So far as all the vegetative functions of root and leaf are concerned, the ferns have developed capabilities for living in moderately dry places as well as in extremely arid situations in company with cacti and thorny leaf- less shrubs. Just one family of ferns, the Hymen- ophyllaceae, have retained or acquired characteristics which make abundant water just as essential to the every-day vegetative processes of their leaves as it is to the sperms at the critical moment of fertilization. A microscopic examination of the leaves of filmy ferns would reveal the nature of their water requirements. even if it were not possible to observe the plants in their natural habitats. Their delicate fronds are found to be only one cell in thickness. There is no upper °F lower epidermis. no central tissue traversed by water vessels and honeycombed by intercellular air spaces; and there are no stomata to connect internal air cavities with the outside. All these features of the normal aerial leaf are replaced by a structure as simple as that of the smaller algae. The frond of the filmy ferns }S of course, provided with vessels, and they branch to each pinnule, but there are often as many as fifteen cells between the vein and the margin of the pinnule. It is plain that such leaves depend little upon the water that is conveyed to them by the vessels and rely largely upon their direct contact with a surface film of water- There are relatively few localities in the world where the climatic conditions are favorable to the existence of plants which demand a sustained supply of atmos- pheric water. The mountainous tropical islands of the world offer these conditions, and so do the most moist elevations of continental mountains at low latitudes. During the course of three extended visits to Jamaic the writer has had an opportunity to observe and study the filmy ferns in one of the localities where they reach THE JAMAICAN FiuMy FERNS 67 a splendid development in number of species and wealth of individuals. The exacting moisture requirements of these plants are met in the shady floor of the lowland forests, while in the rainy fog-filled forests of the moun- tains the moisture is great enough to permit filmy ferns to grow above the floor of the forest both as climbers and as epiphytes. Among the Jamaican Hymenophyl- laceae we find a diversity of habit, structure and habitat, in spite of the specialized character of the group. A set of 26 species communicated to the writer by Prof. Giesenhagen, from Ceylon and Java, show no such structural variety, and give no hint of such diversity of habitat as do the Jamaican plants under considera- tion. Forty-nine species of filmy ferns have been de- scribed from Jamaican material, but some of these are extremely rare, while others are of doubtful validity. The writer was able to find only 33 species, 18 of Trich- omanes and 15 of Hymenophyllum. At the lowest elevations filmy ferns are to be sought on shaded rocks near waterfalls and on the trunks of trees near the ground in deep shade. Most of the forms found below 2000 feet have very small and relatively simple fronds. One of the simplest of these is Trich- omanes sphenoides, which has nearly circular sessile fronds, seldom exceeding 14 inch in diameter. Trich- omanes reptans, T. polypodioides, and T. pusillum belong to this simple type, while 7. muscoidewm has longer fronds, simple or pinnatifid, resembling those of our own T. petersii of Georgia and Alabama. A very common type of Trichomanes, which is closely like several species of Hymenophyllum, may convenl- ently be alluded to as the “generalized type.” It has bipinnate, stipitate, glabrous fronds, in which the ulti- Mate segments are of a uniform width of about one- Sixteenth of an inch. This type is erect in growth, may be terrestrial or epiphytic, and has fronds from 68 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL 2 to 6 inches in length. TJ. Krausii may be regarded as a transition from the simple type to the generalized. These two types hold sway from 1000 to 4000 feet in elevation, the latter being represented by 7. pyzidi- ferum, T. arbuscula, H. polyanthos, H. tunbridgense, H. fucoides, and H. catherinae. The character of the frond diverges from the generalized type toward both a finer and a coarser segmentation. H. avillare and H. crispum are close to the generalized type but rather finely dissected, the ultimate segments of the latter being elaborately frilled. 7. tenerum has narrow elong- ated fronds with very narrow segments, and grows only as a pendent epiphyte on the trunks of tree ferns. The most finely dissected of all Trichomanes is T. trich- oideum, which has fronds from 2 to 3 inches in length, with fine capillary segments less than 2 inch in diameter. One of the most striking sights of the rain-forest is a tree-fern trunk covered with an airy mat of Trichomanes trichoidewm, from which glisten a thousand drops of water held in the forkings of the fronds. The finely dissected filmy ferns are outnumbered, at least in Jamaica, by those in which the ultimate seg- ments are wider than in the generalized type. Hardly any of these have as large areas of unbroken leaf sur- face as may be found in the simple types first men- tioned, but all are much larger than the simple types, so that some of them have a total area of as much as 6 square inches. This is true of T. crispum, a simply pinnate form growing erect and stiff on the ground or as a low epiphyte. The pendent H. asplenioides has glabrous fronds of simple form and sinuate outline with rather large areas of solid leaf surface, and there are also large areas in T. alatum and T. crinitum. In the majority of the more coarsely segmented fronds, and in some of the generalized type, we have a more or less pronounced hairiness. This results in a brownish VouumME 8, Puate 4 AN Fern JoURNAL AMERIC LIMB HORIZONTAL HiyMENOPHYLLUM SERICEUM EPIPHYTIC ON A COLONY OF 70 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL color, sometimes in a silky lustre, and is of great im- portance in helping to maintain a film of water over the surface of the frond, as well as in protecting it from danger of extreme desiccation. The climbing T. rad- icans (very close to T. boschianum of Florida) is the largest of the Jamaican filmy ferns, its fronds sometimes measuring 15 inches in length. In every feature of habit and appearance it is closely matched by T. scandens which is, however, so hairy as to be distinguishable from T. radicans at a distance of twenty feet. There are other cases of closely similar species, which differ chiefly in one being glabrous and the other hairy, as H. polyanthos and A. ciliatum. In the Jamaican series of ferns hairiness is much more common in Hymenophyllum than it is in Trich- omanes. All of the very hairy ferns are epiphytes, and without exception their fronds are limp and pendent. In H. sericeum the fronds continue to grow at the apex, while the oldest pinnae blacken and die. The golden brown and densely pubescent fronds of this form are a common sight in the rain-forest, hanging from moss- covered limbs (see plate 4). The hairy pendent species are found only in the very moist mountain forests above 4000 feet. Common among them are H. lanatum, with small simply pinnate fronds, H. lineare, H. hirsutum, and T. lucens, a beautiful form in which the fronds are both hairy and crispate. The lower side of a lean- ing trunk may often be found with a uniform covering of H. lanatum or H. lineare, each frond pointing exactly downward, and often dry when everything else in the forest is wet. _ One of the most striking things about the filmy ferns is the ability of many of the species to grow as epiphytes more than half way from the ground to the canopy of of the forest, and in other relatively dry situations. In order to realize the difference between the environ- My EXPERIENCES WITH A FERN GARDEN 71 mental conditions on the floor of the rain-forest and in the tree tops one has only to contrast the large thin leaves of the terrestrial herbaceous plants with the small leathery leaves of the trees themselves. The shade, moisture and stillness of the forest floor form an environment well suited to such plants as the filmy ferns. It is surprising to find that they have emerged from these conditions and are to be found where the atmosphere is drier, where there is more wind and where they may even be struck at times by the rays of the sun. In spite of the hairy coatings that make it easier for them to live in relatively arid locations, they have in the main become adapted to drier conditions by the ability of their cells to lose much of their water for short periods without fatal results. This is much the same line of physiological evolution that has been followed by the desert species of Cheilanthes and Notholaena. These plants have retained all of the morphological features and most of the anatomical ones to be found in their congeners of moister climates. By means of an adaptation which is physiological rather than anat- omical, these desert ferns are able to live under nearly the same conditions as the cacti, with their elaborate structural features for meeting conditions of drought. In spite of the great diversity exhibited by the ferns of the world, we must regard them as having been con- servative from an evolutionary standpoint, when we contrast them with flowering plants. Tucson, ARIZONA. My Experiences with a Fern Garden E. W. GRAVES In 1908, while living in Clay County, Kansas, I found a colony of Woodsia obtusa growing on the eastern and northern exposure of what is called in Kansas a FI g 72 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL rocky mound. In central Kansas there are several of these mounds rising some 200 ft. above the sur- rounding country. Under ledges of sandstone rocks I found a nice colony of the woodsia growing, the only fern I found growing wild in central Kansas, although I was told that Cystoplteris fragilis grew in some places. I removed several plants of the woodsia to a flower garden I had planted on the north side of my house. I made a pile of stones and covered them partly with soil which I kept damp until the ferns had started to grow. They grew so well and covered the rockpile with such fluffy greenness that I decided to enlarge it and place more plants in it from the mound. In August I made a trip to northwest Missouri to visit my old home of my boyhood days. I remembered I had seen growing in the woods the maidenhair and two other ferns, which at the time I did not know the names of. While in Missouri I hunted the woods and dug up clumps of the maidenhair and the two others which proved to be Cystopteris fragilis and Athyrium Jilix-femina, and by the help of a friend I found Onoclea sensibilis. These four ferns are the only ferns I have found in Nodaway Co., Mo., and I have searched the woods carefully during my boyhood days. I have recently read an account in the Fern Bulletin of Osmunda cinnamomea and I believe O. regalis being found in the south end of the County in later years. I took good roots of all four of the ferns from Missouri with me to Kansas and set them in my fern bed. This was my beginning of a fern garden, also my beginning of the real study of ferns. In September of the same year my wife and I made a trip to Boulder, Col., and while exploring the moun- tains we came across several clumps of Cheilanthes lanosa, and Pteris aquilina, the latter being as high as my head. A few days later, while exploring Boulde My EXPErieNCcES WITH A Fern GARDEN 73 Canyon, I found several colonies of the male fern, Dryop- leris filix-mas, growing along the water courses that flow into Boulder Canyon from the south. When I left I took with me roots of all three of the ferns with some Colorado Blue Spruce which I took back to Kansas and planted in my fernery. In December I moved from Kansas to Long Island, Ala., taking all my ferns with me. I located on Sand Mountain plateau, the soil of which is very sandy, and is covered principally with heavy timber. To my delight I found the woods were full of ferns of dif- ferent kinds. Before spring I had made out about a dozen different kinds from the dead fronds. In the spring of 1909 I put my fern roots in a damp, shady place to keep fhem alive until I had built my house, and the following spring I prepared a fern bed on the north side of my house 24 ft. long and 6 ft. wide. Here I set all the ferns I had brought from the north, except Cheilanthes lanosa which had died. I scoured the woods for miles around for new ferns to grow in my fern garden, and before the year was ended I had about 25 ferns growing nicely on the shady Side of my house. I found my fernery was too small; I therefore enlarged it to 12 ft. wide. I soon found that some ferns require more water than others. Finally I solved that problem by building a conerete cistern °r small reservoir at the west end of the fern garden Which would collect the rain water from the roof of the house. Having a faucet at the lower east side 1 could irrigate the garden any time as the ground Sloped a little to the east. I inclosed the fernery with # Tock wall 3 ft. high for protection and to conserve © Moisture. Each year I added new ferns which I found, and the fall of 1915 I had set about 60 different Species in the fernery from several different states of the Union. But all did not grow. Of the California 74 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL ferns Polystichum munitum and Woodwardia radicans were the only ones that I could succeed in making ow. Gymnopteris triangularis, Cheilanthes californica, Pellaea ornithopus, and Polypodium californicum would not grow at all, although I received new plants several times. I received Dryopteris filiz-mas from Idaho which did not grow, while those I brought from Colorado grew nicely and are still growing, and I was able to separate the clumps and send some to Mr. Joseph R. Mumbauer, of Pennsburg, Pa., in exchange for Dryopteris cristata and D. cristata Clintoniana. The two Dryopteris from Pennsylvania grew well and are still doing finely. I also received Polystichum Lonchitis from Mr. Mum- bauer which grew very well for a year and died as Ala- bama was too far south for it. In 1914 Miss F. E. Corne of Cambridge, Mass., sent me Dryopteris Goldiana, Polystichum Braunii, and Phegopteris polypodioides which I set in one corner of the garden and all grew off nicely for the first year. The second year D. Goldiana grew larger than the previous year, but P. Braunii showed signs of not being satisfied with the climate of Alabama. In 1916 it produced only very small fronds, and this year, 1917, it failed to appear. Polystichum aculeatum from Cali- fornia did about the same as its eastern relative—it lived two years and died. The Goldie’s fern and the crested fern as well as the male fern seem to delight in the damp sandy soil of north Alabama.. The long beech fern is still alive but develops only small fronds. Along the Tennessee river, on damp limestone rocks, I found Adiantum Capillus-Veneris with fronds 3 ft. long. I transferred several clumps to the sandy soil of my fernery, placing pieces of limestone rocks around them, and they grew well for me. The winter of 1916-7 was unusually cold with the thermometer several degrees below zero, and most of My EXPERIENCES WITH A FERN GARDEN 15 the A. Capillus-Veneris froze out. Cheilanthes Ala- bamensis did very well by setting it among limestone rocks. Aspleniwm montanum I never succeeded in growing, although it grows only a half mile away on sandstone cliffs. I transferred it to my artificial cliffs and watered it regularly, but it always died in a few months. A. Bradleyi and A. pinnatifidum did a little better. I succeeded in getting one plant of each to adapt itself to my sandstone cliff. Onoclea sensibilis and Pteris aquilina proved to be almost a pest, and I had to cut back the roots, and pull out the fronds when- ever they got out of their range. Osmunda cinna- momea and OQ. regalis I set near the reservoir where it was damp and they grew so large and took up so much room, that I was obliged to transfer them to a drier corner, and give Dryopteris marginalis and D. spinulosa intermedia the damp location, where they paid well with the beautiful evergreen foliage they produced. I had one trouble to contend with which threatened Some of my ferns. A whitish parasitic mold developed close to the ground on the bottom of the fronds of Dry- opteris filix-mas and Asplenium angustifolium, and in a month or two the fronds of some of the plants withered and died, also killing the roots. I became alarmed for my choice ferns, but I soon discovered that a strong Solution of lime-sulphur and arsenate of lead applied to the ground about the roots of the infested fern would destroy the parasite. This lime-sulphur and lead Solution was what I had left from spraying my apple and peach trees, and I used it in the paste form. It Saved my ferns, however, and I was glad I had stumbled Onto the idea. ; Two ferns I did not succeed very well in growing Were Scolopendrium vulgare and Trichomanes radicans. I went to the South Pittsburgh station and dug up 76 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL several of the hart’s-tongue and transplanted them in my fern garden several times but the ferns would live about a year and then die. By bringing some of the soil from the station, I did succeed in getting one to grow two years for me. The Trichomanes grows in its wild habitat only three miles away and I brought some home and prepared a damp shady cave for it, yet it failed to grow for me. I derive much pleasure from my fern garden as I have many ferns growing near at hand for study, that otherwise I would have to go several miles to see. Lone Istanp, Awa. An Annotated List of the Pteridophytes of North- western Ontario—II 0. E. JENNINGS OPHIOGLOSSALES 25. OpHiogLossum vuLtGatum L. Not collected by us but reported as collected by Dawson at the extreme southwestern part of western Ontario, at the mouth of the Rainy River, Lake of the Woods.—Macoun. 26. Borrycutum Lunaria (L.) Sw. This well dis- tributed northern species was reported by Macoun from Pic River, Lake Superior; Nipigon Bay; meadows at Camp Alexander, Nipigon River; and at various points on Lake Nipigon. Our collections were from: Heron Bay; two stations at Rossport; and Porphyry Island; all along Lake Superior. 27. BorrYcHIUM ONONDAGENSE Underwood. Boggy trail near Grassy Lake, Thunder Cape. Reported here- tofore from New York, Northern Michigan, and Mon- tana, so that this station at Thunder Cape is probably the most northerly known. 28. BorrycuHrum RaMosuM (Roth) Aschers. (B. ma- tricariaefolium A. Braun; B. neglectum Wood.) Re- PTERIDOPHYTES OF NORTHWESTERN OnTARIO—II 77 ported from Nova Scotia to Maryland and west to South Dakota and Nebraska, also Washington and Europe, this species was recorded by Macoun from islands in Lake Nipigon and from below the railway bridge at Nipigon, and he further notes that it is “in Canada, so far as known, limited to the westward by Lake Superior.” We collected it only in aspen woods on a sandy peninsula, on east side of Orient Bay, Lake Nipigon. 29. BoTRYCHIUM TERNATUM var. RUTAEFOLIUM (A. Br.) D.C. Eaton. (B. Matricariae Spreng.; B. rutaceum Sw.) With a general range from Labrador and New- foundland and to New England and New York, also horthern Michigan and Eurasia. This is evidently the plant noted by Macoun from the north shore of Lake Superior at Red Rock, Nipigon River; at Fort William; and at the mouth of the Rainy River, Lake of the Woods. We found it in a low grassy pasture, Marie Louise Lake, Thunder Cape; in aspen woods on low sandy peninsula, Orient Bay, Lake Nipigon; and on shore of Pelican Lake and on west slope of Sioux Lookout Knob, Graham. See Hopkins, L. 8. (5a). As noted in our earlier papers this last record extends the known range considerably to the northwest. 30. Borrycurum vireinranum L. This widely dis- tributed species is common in mesophytie woods, where Well drained. Macoun reports it from Red tock, Nipigon Bay; Thunder Bay; and up the Kaministiquia iver. Our records are: Along the north shore of Lake Superior at Heron Bay; Rossport; Nipigon; Magnet Point; Silver Islet Harbor; and Fort William; while inland it was collected at Longuelac; Jellicoe; Orient Bay; Loon Lake; and Pelican Lake, at Graham. 30a. Borrycurum VIRGINIANUM Var. GRACILE (Pursh) D. ©, Eaton. In our collections once: In arbor-vitae bog one mile north of Marie Louise Lake, Thunder pe. 78 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL 0b. BoTRYCHIUM VIRGINIANUM var. EUROPAEUM Angstroem. Sterile leaves dissected and of a firm texture. Gulf of St. Lawrence, northern New England, and Thunder Bay District, Ontario.—Fernald & St. John. (38) FILicaLEs 31. OsMuUNDA REGALIS L. Normally to be expected in this region, it having its northern limits in New- foundland and Saskatchewan. The species was reported by Macoun from Round Lake, twelve miles east of the Pic River, and from Current River, north of Port Arthur. Our records are from: Granite knobs north of Loon Lake and along upper beach (boulder clay) of Jarvis Lake at Hunt. . 3la. OSMUNDA REGALIS forma INTERRUPTA Milde. Together with the typical species at Hunt. 32. OsmunpDa Craytrontana L. Mostly in low rich woods, rarely extending into bogs. Reported by Macoun for Lake Nipigon and Thunder Bay, and for Sturgeon Lake (Bourgeau). Our records are: Heron Bay; Ross- port; Fort William; Jellicoe; Orient Bay; Ombabika Post; Loon Lake; Stanley; Watcomb; Hunt; Graham. — The range likely extends farther to the north and north- west. 33. Potypoprum vutGaRE L. Northwards ranging from Labrador and Newfoundland and to Manitoba _and Kewatin, this species is not uncommon on clifis and talus slopes north of Lake Superior. Our records are: Rossport; Nipigon; Fluor Island; Sleeping Giant Mt., Thunder Cape (alt. 1800 ft.); Mt. McKay, Fort William; granite knob, north end of Long Lake; North Ombabika Peninsula; Orient Bay; Conmee, twenty miles north of Lake Nipigon; Loon Lake; Oliver Creek, Stanley; Sioux Lookout Knob, Graham. 34. Paecopreris Purcorreris (L.) Keyserling. (P. polypodioides Fée; Dryopteris Phegopteris (L.) C. Chr.) PTERIDOPHYTES OF NORTHWESTERN OnTARIO—II 79 As expected from its northern range, this species was found rather generally, our records being: Nipigon; mouth of Nipigon River; Fluor Island; Magnet Point; Silver Islet Harbor; south shore of North Ombabika Peninsula, and Orient Bay, Lake Nipigon; Rabbit Mt., and Oliver Creek, Stanley; Pelican Lake, Sioux Lookout. Rather peculiarly our collections do not include any specimens from any of the stations east of the Nipigon River or Lake Nipigon. 35. Puecoprerts Dryopreris (L.) Fée. (D. Dryop- teris Britt.; Dryopteris Linneana C. Chr.) Extending far to the north, this species is common in rocky woods, on shaded cliffs, ete., our records including: Heron Bay; Rossport; Nipigon; Fluor Island; Magnet Point; Thunder Cape; Fort William; Longuelac; Jellicoe; Orient Bay and Ombabika Bay, Lake Nipigon; Rabbit Mt. and Oliver Creek, Stanley; Oscar; Hunt; and Sioux Lookout Knob, Graham. 36. Puegorreris Ropertiana (Hoffm.) A. Br. (Dry- opteris Robertiana C. Chr.; Phegopteris calcarea Fée.) The general range of this species is on shaded limestone, Labrador to Manitoba and Alaska, and south to New Brunswick and Iowa, but rare. Klugh notes that for Ontario this species is reported only from Lac Seul, Rainy River District. Our specimens were found on a reddish sandstone (Keweenawan) talus slope about one-half mile southeast of Grassy Lake, Silver Islet, Thunder Cape; and on low shaded schist outcrop near mine prospect, about one mile south of Jellicoe. 37. Preripium agurtinum (L.) Kuhn. (Pleris aqui- lina L.) This almost cosmopolitan fern oceurs abun- dantly on open sandy terraces, and in birch-aspen Woods, more particularly west and northwest than to the north of Lake Superior. Our specimens are from: Jellicoe; Nipigon; Orient Bay; Sawyer’s Bay, Thunder Cape; Fort William : Stanley; Loon Lake; Oscar, Wat- comb; Sioux Lookout Knob and sandy plain, Graham. 80 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL 37a. PrERIDIUM AQUILINUM var. PUBESCENS Underw. Our collections show this but once. Dry spruce-birch- aspen woods, Silver Islet Harbor, Thunder Cape. It is likely an ecological variety produced here under the somewhat xerophytic conditions of the thin stony soil on an old elevated lake-shore terrace. 38. CrYPTOGRAMMA AcRosTicHorpES A. Br. A north- ern species ranging south to Lakes Superior and Huron and to Colorado and California. The only record I find for this region is one for Schreiber (Campbell). 39. CRYPTOGRAMMA STELLERI (Gmel.) Prantl. (Pel- laea gracilis Hook.) A local species, mostly on cal- careous rocks, Labrador and Alaska south to the northern United States. Macoun reports it at and below Kaka- beka Falls and under cliffs at Red Rock and Nipigon. Our specimens are from: Heron Bay; Nipigon; Little Fluor Island; Surprise Lake, Silver Islet, and Tee Bay, Thunder Cape; Kakabeka Falls; few, if any, of these stations being on limestone. 40. AsPLENIUM TricHoMANES L. This species was reported for “Red Rock, Lake Superior, and westward to the Lake of the Woods.”—Macoun. It is certainly not common nor widely distributed in the region, for it is not in our collections and habitats likely to yield the species were examined wherever encountered. 41. ATHYRIUM THELYPTEROIDES (Michx.) Desv. (As- plenium acrostichoides Sw.) Ranging in rich woods from Nova Scotia and Minnesota to Georgia and Mis- souri, this species was reported farther north at Current og - Port Arthur. . ATHYRIUM ANGUsTUM (Willd.) Presl, var. RUBEL- tum (Gilbert) Butters. Quite variable but widely 1 NoTr—After the first draft of this article had been prepared, Mr. Weatherby called attention to the possibility of ocacue relations of h i of lady ferns from the Lake Superior region to those trea eated American Ferns allied to Athyrium Filix-femina.” Rhodora 19: 170-20 a ee ee Se ee ee a ee PTERIDOPHYTES OF NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO—II_ 81 distributed through the whole region explored. Mixed woods, Longuelac, north end Long Lake; along rocky brook, east side Orient Bay, along glacial terrace, Orient Bay, deep woods top of rocky ridge, Orient Bay, boggy woods, North Ombabika Penninsula, all Lake Nipigon; Little Fluor Island, Porphyry Island, interior of Edward Island, coastal woods of Paps Harbor, and Silver Islet on Thunder Cape, all Lake Superior; woods east side Loon Lake; birch-spruce woods near Mission, Ft. Wil- liam; moist woods near Crystal Lake, south of Ft. William; moist ravine in sand-hills 16 miles west of Ft. William; on boulder moraine south of Oscar, C. G. R.; several places in mixed woods near Sioux Lookout; moist mixed woods, Pelican Falls, Lae Seul. The fronds are mostly about 7-8 dm. high, 2-2.5 dm. wide in the middle, tapering rather rapidly both ways, the stipe 2-3 dm. long and quite scaly at base. Most of the leaves are more or less glandular puberulent, the indusia are furnished with 1—3-celled cilia, non-glandu- lar, the spores average about 43x27p, and the basal anterior lobe of the obtuse to sub-acuminate pinnules is considerably the longest. This variety seems to vary into the following two rather well marked types which, so far as the writer can determine, are not among those described from collections farther east or south: Pl. 123. Sept., 1917. Accordingly, in the meager time at his disposal ce then, the author has made examinations under the com mpound m Scope of all pecimens of lady ferns from northwestern i g ile ¢ i ‘icul Dp long to the ies angustum ( Presl, as understood by a In general it ~ e said that the age: from northw : said © e arger spores, the pedicels of the sporangia ee requ bear st and the pinnules ore often or mo : ‘aah than Butters has found for the lady ferns of the northeastern part of N S arisons pecimens hae? arnegie } easte nite aa extended descrij ith illustra iptions, together wi an article to appear in the Annals of the pena ; Museum, 0. 82 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL 42a. ATHYRIUM ANGUSTUM var. glanduliferum var. nov. Closely allied to var. rubellum, from which it differs in that the pedicels of the sporangia are mostly furnished with a stalked colored gland, the indusia mostly have cilia of several cells in length, and the pinnules are rather more acute and tend to be spin- ulose-toothed. The type is from mixed woods on glacial terrace at Nipigon, O. E. and G. K. Jennings, Sept. 1, 1912. Other specimens: mixed woods at head of west fork of Jackfish Bay, Lake Superior; from mixed woods at Pelican Falls, Lac Seul; mixed woods along trail on glacial till, Sioux Lookout. The two last-mentioned specimens have the pinnules rather remote, the one from Pelican Falls having a few forked pinnae and the pinnules somewhat oblique, acute, and almost spinu- lose-toothe 42b. ATHYRIUM aNGUsTUM var. boreale var. nov. The fronds are dimorphic but differ from f. typicum and var. elatius in that the fertile pinnules, especially, are much more sharply and deeply toothed and are acute rather than obtuse. The writer can not dis- tinguish between varieties boréale and glanduliferum in some cases excepting that the one has dimorphic fronds and the other not. It appears quite likely that the dimorphic varieties owe this character simply to their — more exposed habitat. The type was collected along the sunny muskeg margin of Little Bear River, Oscar, C. G. R., O. E. and G. K. Jennings, Sept. 5, 1917. An- other fine specimen was collected on burned-over boulder till north of Lake Nipigon, near Ombabika Post. - mixed woods on boulder moraine, Watcomb, C. G.. spruce muskeg near Jellicoe, east of Lake Nipigon; and at several places in the sand hills about 17 miles west of Ft. William. It will be noticed that the variety boreale occurs in both physically xerophytic habitats (boulder-moraine, sand-hill, burn) and in boggy situa- tions. ER ee ee a a PTERIDOPHYTES OF NORTHWESTERN OnTARIO—II 83 43. Dryorreris THELYpTERIS (L.) A. Gray. (As- pidium Thelypteris Sw.) Ranging in marshes and wet woods from New Brunswick and Manitoba south to the Gulf States, this species reaches, for this longitude, its northernmost range, at least as to known records, around Lake Nipigon. Our stations for it are as follows: Longuelac, Long Lake; margin of boggy pond, Jellicoe; edge of bog at base of Mt. McKay, Fort William; boggy ditch, Watecomb; shore of Jarvis Lake, Hunt. As indicated in our records for some of the flowering plants, this species also possibly pinches out in the Nipigon region, appearing to the east and west of there in grad- ually widening areas of distribution, but keeping back away from the immediate north and more northeastern colder shores of Lake Superior. 44. Dryopreris Ciintontana (D. C. Eaton) Dowell. (Aspidium cristatum var. Clintonianum D. C. Eaton.) This species reaches its northwestern limit in Ontario, extending from there to Wisconsin, Maine, and North Carolina. We did not collect it, but it was reported by Macoun from Flat Rock Portage, south end of Lake Nipigon, far to the north of its normal range. 45. DRYOPTERIS MARGINALIS (L.) A. Gray. (Aspid- ium marginale Sw.) Nova Scotia and British Columbia south to Georgia and Oklahoma, probably reaching for this longitude its northern limit in the station re- ported by Macoun at Split Rock Portage, on the northern part of the Nipigon River. We did not sueceed in finding this species at any of our localities. se 46. Dryopreris FRAGRANS (L.) Schott. (Aspidium fragrans Sw.) A northern species, reaching Greenland and Alaska and south to a number of the northern states, from Maine to Minnesota. North of Lake Superior it is one of the most characteristic plants of exposed cliffs and particularly of talus slopes. Macoun reports it from Pic Island; Red Rock; Nipigon River; 8&4 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL and Lake Nipigon; while our specimens are from: Heron Bay; Jackfish; Nipigon; Little Fluor Island; Paps Harbor, Black Bay Peninsula; Sleeping Giant Mt., Thunder Cape; Mt. McKay, Fort William; Virgin Falls; Orient Bay, and North Ombabika Peninsula, Lake Nipigon; slate cliff near Stanley; Sioux Lookout Knob, Graham. 47. Dryopreris cristata (L.) Gray. (Aspidiwm cristatum Sw.) Although along its northern limit reach- ing Newfoundland and Saskatchewan, this species is not common in northwestern Ontario. Our stations for it are as follows: Orient Bay, Lake Nipigon, 1 in marshy Myrica bog and along monntain rivulet; alder thicket along stream south of Oscar; and on oe mocks with bog birch at south end of Pelican Lake, Sioux Lookout. 48. Dryopreris rigiIpA (Hoffm.) Underw., var. AR- Guta (Kaulf.) Underw. Boggy woods near lighthouse, Porphyry Island, Lake Superior. This is very close to the European D. rigida (see Jennings, O. E., Am: Fern Journ. 4: 72. 1914, Hopkins comments on this specimen). 49, DRYOPTERIS SPINULOSA (Muell.) Kuntze. (As- pidium spinulosum Sw.) Newfoundland and Labrador to Virginia, British Columbia and Idaho, and common in the Lake Superior region in mesophytic woods and thickets. Our stations for it are as follows: Heron Bay; Rossport; Nipigon; Little Fluor Island; Magnet Point; Edwards Island; Thunder Cape; Fort William; Jellicoe; Alexander Portage, Nipigon River; Stanley; Hunt; Sioux Lookout; and Pelican Falls, south side of Lac Seul. 50. Dryopreris INTERMEDIA (Muhl.) Gray. (As- pidium spinulosum var. intermedium D. C. Eaton.) Common in moist woods from Newfoundland to Wis- consin and south to North Carolina and Tennessee, ee JESmrn RID Pe eM tS ae ee ae Bie PTERIDOPHYTES OF NORTHWESTERN ONTARIO—II 85 this species is not as common in the Lake Superior region as is spinulosa. Our stations for it are: Crystal Lake, south of Fort William; Thunder Cape; Conmee, twenty miles north of Nipigon; Virgin Falls and Sand Point, south end of Lake Nipigon; Ombabika Post, north end of Lake Nipigon; and south end of Pelican Lake, Sioux Lookout. 51. Dryopreris piuaTata (Hofim.) Gray. (Aspid- ium spinulosum var. dilatatum Hook.; D. spinulosa var. dilatata Underw.) This cireumboreal species ex- tends south to North Carolina, Tennessee, Idaho and California. Macoun says of it: ““Not very common in Ontario except about Lake Superior.” Our collec- tions of it are from: Heron Bay; Jackfish; Nipigon; Porphyry Island; Tee Bay, Thunder Cape; and Fort William. We did not find it at any of our localities away from the immediate shores of Lake Superior, and it is likely that this shore constitutes its northern boundary. 5la. Dryopreris pILATATA forma ANADENIA (Robin- son) Hopkins. (D. spinulosa var. americana Fernald; Aspidium spinulosum var. dilatatum forma anadenium Robinson.) Differing from dilatata in having smooth indusia. Found by us at two stations: Moist coniferous woods, Porphyry Island; and along trail in wet woods hear Tee Bay, Thunder Cape. 52. Finrx BuLBIFERA (L.) Underw. (Cystopleris bul- bifera Bernh.) On wet rocks and in ravines this species extends south from Newfoundland and Manitoba to Georgia and Arkansas. It is reported but twice from the Lake Superior region, based on our collection of Aug. 15, 1912, on moss-covered crumbling rock in -arbor-vitae swamp, Silver Islet Harbor, Thunder Cape; and on face of slate cliff, Oliver Creek, oe Southeast of Stanley. Macoun says of this fern: hats abundant in Ontario as far west as the Bruce Peninsula, 86 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL but he does not specify any localities farther west in Ontario. It is likely that the northern limit of its range does not reach up around the north shore of Lake Superior. 53. Finrx rracruis (L.) Underw. (Cystopteris fragilis Bernh.) This practically cosmopolitan species is rather common on cliffs and shaded rocks almost throughout the region visited. Our records for it are as follows: Heron Bay; Nipigon; Little Fluor Island; Paps Harbor, Black Bay Peninsula; Silver Islet, Thunder Cape; Mt. McKay, Fort William; Orient Bay and North Ombabika Peninsula, Lake Nipigon; slate cliff, Oliver Creek, Stanley; and slope of Sioux Lookout Knob, Graham. 53a. FILrx FRAGILIS var. MAGNA-SORA Clute. Along sandstone talus slope, one and one-half miles west of Silver Islet, Thunder Cape, Aug. 4, 1912. 54. Finrx montana (Lam.) Underw. (Cystopteris montana Bernh.) Ranging from Labrador and Quebec to Alaska and British Columbia, the northern limit of this species appears to swing down to Lake Superior, based on Macoun’s report of it at Current River, Port Arthur. 55. Woopsia rLtvensis (L.) R. Br. Ranging from arctic regions south to the northern part of the United States, this species is fairly common on cliffs and talus slopes, often in company with Dryopteris fragrans. Macoun notes that it is “very abundant and luxuriant west and northwest of Lake Superior.” We collected it from the following stations: Rossport; Nipigon; Fluor Island; Paps Harbor, Black Bay Peninsula; Silver Islet, Thunder Cape; Mt. McKay, Fort William; Jellicoe; Virgin Falls, Orient Bay, and North Ombabika Peninsula, Lake Nipigon; Loon Lake; Oscar; and Sioux Lookout Knob, Graham. 56. Woopsta auprna (Bolt.) S. F. Gray. This rare fern, with a range from arctic America to Maine, New og oh cy Sanpete i a ee he PTERIDOFHYTES OF NORTHWESTERN OnTARIO—II 87 York, and western Ontario, was reported by Macoun as occurring on mountain masses along the north shore of Lake Superior, west of Nipigon Bay, and on cliffs of Jackfish Island, Lake Superior. We found it as follows: on coastal cliffs at Fork Bay and on ledges around Surprise Lake, Thunder Cape; and on shaded ledges of Beaver Lake, St. Ignace Island, Lake Su- perior. 57. Woopsta GLABELLA R. Br. Like W. alpina, this species extends south from the arctic regions, reaching in this case northern New England and New York, and British Columbia. Macoun reports it for the Kakabeka Falls; Red Rock, Nipigon Bay; and on trap up the Nipigon River. Our stations for it are: face of Nipigon Palisades; mica-schist cliff and on lake- cliff, Heron Bay; and cliff, Little Fluor Island, Lake Superior. The north shore of Lake Superior may probably be regarded as the southern limit of the species in that longitude. 58. Woopsia orEGaNA D. C. Eaton. With one sta- tion at Bic, in eastern Quebec, this species ranges f sures the Blackwater River, southeastern Lake Nipigon. (Macoun) to Lake Athabasca, British Columbia, and south to northern Michigan, Oklahoma, and Arizona. 9. ONOCLEA SENSIBILIS foundland to Saskatchewan and south to States and Oklahoma, this species is rather uncommon in the region covered in our work: Sugar Maple grove, Mt. McKay, Fort William; Orient Bay, Lake, DpIgO® among sand-hills near Stanley; Oscar; J arvis Lake, Hunt; and Pelican Lake, Sioux Lookout. It may be noted that none of our stations along the shore of Lake Su- perior east of Fort William nor east of Lake Nupigon yielded this species. 88 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL 60. Marreucia StrutrHropTeris (L.) Todaro. (Ono- clea Struthiopteris Hoffm.) With a range in North America from Newfoundland to Virginia and west to Iowa and British Columbia, the northern limit of this species swings south to the Lake Superior region. It was found by us at Nipigon and at the bottom of a deep narrow gorge at Orient Bay, south end of Lake Nipigon, but there appear to be no other reports of its occurrence along the north shore of Lake Superiur or inland from there, excepting in the warmer valley northwest of Fort William, where Macoun reports it “five miles up the Kaministiquia River,” and where we collected it along Oliver Creek, three miles southeast of Stanley, and at Kakabeka Falls. It will be inter- esting to know if it occurs to the north of the north- eastern shore of Lake Superior. PITTSBURGH, Pa. Literatures CriTep 1. Agassiz, Louis. Lake Superior, Its Physical Character, Vege- tation, and Animals. 1850. On pages 168-169 are listed twenty-one pteridophytes collected by Agassiz along the north shore of Lake Superior. 2. Britton & Brown. Illustrated Flora of the Northern States and Canada. Second edition, 1913 ; 3. Fernald and St. John. The occurrence of Botrychiwm vi- ginianum var. europaeum in America. Rhodora 17: 955934: . Det. 1915. 4. Gray, Asa. New Manual of Botany. Seventh edition, Lento 5. Hopkins, L. 8. Notes on the Botrychia. Am. Fern Journ. 6. Jennings, O. E. Notes on the Pteridophytes of ct North Shore of Lake Superior. Am. Fern Journ. 3: 38-48. June, 1913; and, same title, —II. 4: 68-73. Apr—June, 1914. 7. Jennings, O. E. Notes on the Pteridophytes of Northwestern Ontario. Am. Fern Journ. 5: 33-39. May 5. 8. Klugh, A. B. The Fern-Flora of Ontario. Fern Bull. 14: 65-74. July, 1906 9. Macoun, ie Catalogue of Canadian cy Part V, Acrogens. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Canada, 1 Further Notes on Pellaea! WILLIAM R. MAXON The following notes relate chiefly to the distribution of several United States species of Pellaea. Incidentally a new name is given to the southwestern plant long known as Pellaea aspera (Hook.) Baker, which Christen- sen has renamed Pellaea scabra. This peculiar species was first described under Cheilanthes by Hooker, to which genus it clearly belongs, rather than to Pellaea, regarding Pellaea in substantially the same sense in which it was founded by Link. PELLAEA compacta (DAVENP.) Maxon.—In a recent paper? dealing chiefly with the taxonomy of the south- western ferns usually associated under the name Pellaea Wrightiana Hook. the writer has taken up the name Pellaea mucronata D. C. Eaton for the common Cali- fornia plant long passing as P. ornithopus Hook. and has recognized two species in the Mexican border region, P. Wrightiana Hook. and P. longimucronata Hook., distinguished by characters which appear to hold in- variably. Incidentally a new species, Pellaea compacta, is described from southern California, its relationship being with P. mucronata. Although P. compacta ap- pears to be rare in herbaria it is said by Mr. S. B. Parish’ to be “frequent in the San Bernardino and San Jacinto Mts., growing in stony soil on dry slopes at 6000 to 000 ft.,” and to have been collected also in the Provi- dence Mountains of the Mojave Desert. Its relation- ship to P. mucronata, with which it was supposed to grow, is clear; but Mr. Parish, writing recently from San Bernardino, remarks that there is a “marked limitation in the distribution of this fern and P. mucronata in ae Smithsonian _ ‘Published with the permission of the Secretary of the Institution. * Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 30: 179-184. es * Fern Bull. 12: 8. 1904. 8) 90 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL this region.” He states that P. mucronata is there confined strictly to the Upper Sonoran Zone and to that part of it which he has called the Lower Chaparral Zone, and that in these limits it is exceedingly abun- dant. He adds: “I noted P. compacta as belonging to the Canadian Zone; but to be more exact, it may be said to occur also in the upper part of the Upper Trans- ition. Its occurrence is frequent, but it is by no means so common and abundant as the other species. So far as my observation extends there is a geographical hiatus between the two species in which no Pellaea occurs. I have never seen any material that I could regard as intermediate.” Pellaea compacta was described orig- inally as a variety of P. Wrightiana, to which species and P. longimucronata it is more remotely related. PetLaEA Bripcest1 Hoox.—This species, which seems to have been known only from California, occurs also in Idaho. Specimens at hand were collected by Mr. E. Grandjean (no. 96) in the autumn of 1913 in the Boise National Forest, on rocky hillsides of the divide between the Salmon and Payette Rivers. In California this species ranges in the Sierra Nevada from Nevada County southward to Mineral King, Tulare County (Coville & Funston 1418), at altitudes of 1650 to at least 3300 meters. PeLLakA Breweri D. C. Eaton.—The distribution of P. Breweri has recently been stated by Butters* as “from the Sierra Nevada Mountains, through the basin ranges of Nevada and Utah, to the Blue Mountains of Oregon, central Idaho, and western Wyoming.” This range may be definitely extended to include Wash- ington, on the basis of a single collection in the National Herbarium (Yakima region, 1883, Tweedy 20). There are, in addition, published records for New Mexico and Montana, which the writer has been at some pains 4 Amer. Fern Journ. 7: 86. 1917. FurtTHER NOTES ON PELLAEA 91 to clear up. Thus, as late as 1893, Eaton, in the Botany of the Death Valley Expedition,’ indicates the range. as “extending to the Belt Mountains of Montana, and to New Mexico at Loma, on the Rio Grande.” Both the Montana and the ‘‘New Mexico” specimens, in the Eaton Herbarium, have been examined by the writer through the courtesy of Prof. Alexander W. Evans, and both belong to the puzzling western aggre- gate associated with P. glabella in a varietal sense by Professor Butters. They are very clearly not P. Brewert. The Montana specimen was collected in the Belt Moun- tains by Newberry in 1884. The “Loma” specimens actually come from southern Colorado, the rather confused history being as follows: In Ferns of the Southwest* Eaton cited P. Brewert as from New Mexico (Loew) and as having been col- lected “near Loma in southern Colorado, Dr. Rothrock < OORT aes near the headwaters of the Rio Grande.” In Ferns of North America? Eaton again mentioned small specimens collected “near Loma in Colorado, near the Rio Grande,” here ascribing Loew as the collector. The specimens in the Eaton Herbarium are marked in Eaton’s hand as collected in New Mexico, by Loew, with the locality ‘Loma, on Rio Grande” written 1n later. Aside from the foregoing there is no record of the occurrence of either P. Brewert or P. glabella m Colorado; Rydberg’ merely lists the former as “reported from Colorado, but exact locality not given.” There are at present two localities in Colorado named Loma, neither of them that of the Wheeler Survey. The Particular Loma mentioned is apparently 2 cates Mexican settlement shown on old survey maps under this name, located on the north side of the Rio Grande * Contr. U. §. Nat. Herb. 4: 227. 1893. vA tin Rept. U. 8. Geogr. Surv. We 100th Merid. 6: 319. 1879. 71: 331-333. 1879. § Fl. Colorado, 4. 1906. 92 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL opposite the present town of Del Norte, in Rio Grande County, Colorado, 30 or 40 miles from the source of the river. In definitely excluding New Mexico and Colorado from the known range of P. Breweri, there- fore, Colorado is added to the range of P. glabella. Whether the collection was by Rothrock or by Loew is uncertain. A departure from the characteristic 2-lobed or ‘‘mit- ten-shaped”’ form of the pinnae is mentioned by Eaton in the case of the ‘“‘Loma” specimen (P. glabella var.) erroneously referred by him to P. Breweri, the larger pinnae having three or four distinct lobes. _Undoubted Pellaea Breweri, also, occasionally has a similar devel- opment, as shown by a small specimen from Cotton- wood Canyon, Utah, in the Eaton Herbarium, and by young fronds in the National Herbarium collected on the Death Valley Expedition, at the north base of Telescope Peak, Panamint Mountains, California, June 23, 1891, by Coville and Funston (no. 2028). Some of the latter are even more subdivided, the proximal basal segment of the larger pinnae being free and itself bilobed. The plants seem otherwise not to differ from ordinary states of P. Breweri. The following collections, chiefly from the interior regions, are additional to those cited by Butters. All are in the National Herbarium: WyominG: Special locality wanting, Sept. 4, 1893, Rose 325. IpaHo: Mountains at head of Redfish Lake, alt. 2550-3000 meters, Aug. 22, 1895, Evermann 438; Bo- nanza, Custer Co., alt. 2250 meters, July 25, 1916, Macbride & Payson 3433; Smoky Mountains, Blaine Co., alt. 2700 meters, Aug. 13, 1916, Macbride & Payson 3758; Blackfoot Canyon, Caribou Forest, Bannock County, alt. 1900-2100 meters, Sept., 1913, Eggleston FURTHER NOTES ON PELLAEA 93 Uran: Mount Nebo, Aug. 15, 1905, Rydberg & Carlton 7742; Ogden Canyon, Ogden, Aug. 19, 1913, A. E. Hitchcock 1440; locality wanting, 1875, Parry 94. OREGON: Gayhart Buttes, alt. 2200 meters, Aug. 9, 1896, Coville & Leiberg 301; locality wanting, 1883, Cusick 516. WASHINGTON: Yakima region, 1883, Tweedy 20. PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA (L.) Linx.—An extension of range is noted in specimens of the Biltmore Her- barium, recently presented to the National Museum. These were collected at Crestview, Walton County, Florida, in crevices of limestone rock, Sept. 26, 1899, Biltmore Herb. 755a. This species has been collected frequently in Georgia, but has not hitherto been known from Florida. PELLAFA ASPERA (Hoox.) Baxer.—This is one of the very rarest and least known of the Mexican Border ferns. It was described originally by Hooker, as Cherl- anthes aspera, on Texas specimens collected in 1849 by Charles Wright, and has since been collected in only a few localities. In its specific characters 1t 1s highly individual, the most conspicuous peculiarity being its strongly scabrous upper surfaces. The rough- hess is due to the presence of rather numerous short, White, stiff hairs which arise at intervals from inflated conical bases in groups of two or three, following the course of the immersed veins. The leaf tissue of the living plant is presumably delicate, for the segments are transversely waved toward the edge, the tssue apparently shrinking between the veins, 1m drying, and about the base of the hairs. The ridges are thus minutely tuberculate from the presence of the = vated, wholly persistent, rigid hair-bases. The hairs crease in size and number toward the enlarged tps of the veins, but do not quite reach the whitish, re- 94 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL curved margin of the segments. The margins are herbaceous and denticulate-ciliolate. The generic position of this plant has been regarded as doubtful; but in habit and most essential characters, such as vestiture and the definitely thickened. vein- ends, it belongs to Cheilanthes rather than Pellaea and may accordingly be transferred to that genus as C. horridula,’ the new species name being required under Cheilanthes. : The following specimens are in the National Her- barium: Trexas:'° Crevices of rocks on hills, Turkey Creek, June 25, 1849, Wright 824 (type collection); high stony hills of the Pecos, June 1, 1851, Wright 2127; near mouth of the Rio Pecos, Oct., 1883, Havard; Sanderson, Pecos Co., Sept. 29, 1911, Wooton. EW Mexico: “Near the Copper Mines,’ Grant Co., Mex. Bound. Survey 1581 in part." Anis oNA: “Head of the Rio San Pedro, Nov. 5, 1850,” Mex. Bound. Survey 1581 in part. Cruimuanvua: Rocky hills near Chihuahua, Oct. 31, 1885, Pringle 447 (4 sheets). CoaunuiLa: Mountains north of Monclova, Sept., 1880, Palmer 1422 (2 sheets). DuraneGo: “El Mundo Hill,” Lerdo, alt. 1650 meters, Nov. 25, 1911, Chaffey 58 in part. WASHINGTON, D. C. ®* Cheilanthes esgsagee Se nom. Cheilanthes aspera Hook. . Fil. 2: rae aes 108. A. 1852, not Kaulf. Pe llaea aspera Baker in Hook. & Baker, Syn. Fil 1867 deorey scabra ©. Chr. Ind. Fil. 172. 1905, not aa scabra Karst. to For Jocatity ve of Wright 824 and 2127 the writer is indebted to Mr. C. A. Weather who has looked up the records in the MS list of Wiens: 1849 and pet collections at the Gray Herbarium. of this id (in Torrey, U. S. & Mex. Bound. Bot oO Mines ‘and along the San meiito Bigelow.”’ The National Herbarium Notes anp News 95 Notes and News In a brief note,! Elizabeth Dorothy Wuist records the development of apogamous prothallia from spores of Phegopteris polypodioides, Osmunda cinnamomea and O. Claytoniana, grown on various nutrient solutions. In all three species the apogamous embryos developed either from slight swellings of the prothallial tissue, forming eventually dome-shaped cellular masses, from which the young plant grew, or from cylindrical out- growths from the notch of the prothallium, bearing at their apices cellular masses, from which the embryo was formed. American Fern Society Word has been received of the death of Mr. Charles Keene Dodge, a member of the Society since 1893, the year of its formation. Mr. Dodge was born on a farm near Jackson, Mich., April 26, 1844. He at- tended the University of Michigan and after his gradu- ation in 1870, taught school for four years and then Studied law. In 1875 he settled in Port Huron, Mich., where he has lived ever since. In 1893 he gave up his law practice to take the position of Deputy U. 5. Cus- toms Inspector—largely, we are told, because this Position would give him more time for the pursuit of botany. He held it until his death. Saleen eeele ' Bot. Gaz. 64: 435-437. Noy., 1917. Sheet contains three separate plants, without special coigraed data, but very probably from the three localities mentioned. The in nega of course, in Texas or an adjacent part of Mexico; the secon gp i y, ‘f x1CcO, a e cality in Grant w 4 ’ : the Mexican station for this fern: the third is in Arizona, and eagest nly Arizona loc ty kno a ‘Head of Rio San ro, t r Gray Herbarium. This localit in the southern part of Arizona, on the east side of the Catalina Mountains. 96 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Mr. Dodge was an earnest and industrious collector and student of the local flora of his region. His speci- mens are probably to be found in most of the large her- baria of the United States, and he was always ready to lend, from his own large collection, material which botanists working up special groups wished to examine. He published a considerable number of local floras and other papers dealing with the plants of Michigan and adjacent Ontario. The Secretary has heard of two more of our mem- bers who are now in the army—Mr. Ellsworth P. Killip and Mr. Milton E. Woodams, both serving with machine- gun units of the National Army. The members of the nominating committee are: C. H. Bissell, chairman; R. A. Ware and Miss Nellie Mirick. Miss M. A. Marshall, Still River, Mass., has been appointed Judge of Blestions. New mem Beckwith, Miss by aptig 255 University Ave., Rochester, N.Y. = ie ome Dr. H. D., State 'Botanist, Education ees Albany. Change of address ‘ue paren, 1D) ya ORD ” Pillsbury Hall, Univ. of Minn., Minneapolis, Amprican Fern Journal No 4. Vol. 8 OCTOBER-DECEMBER, 1918 The Fern Flora of Northeastern Iowa! T. J. FITZPATRICK The writer spent the months of June and July, 1895, in this portion of Iowa, camping and traveling along the Oneota or Upper Iowa and the Mississippi rivers. While all available botanical specimens were collected, special attention was given to the ferns, and a good representation was secured. In the following year Mr. Herbert Goddard, then a resident of Decorah, Winne- shiek County, sent the writer a collection he had secured in the vicinity of his home. During the years from 1899 to 1902 the writer had a valued correspondent, Mr. Ellison Orr, who resided at Waukon, Allamakee County. Mr. Orr’s fine specimens were accompanied by many valuable critical notes. From these sources of information the following article has been written. This portion of Iowa possesses for lowans a peculiarly quiet scenic beauty, being the most broken or rolling, and the most wooded of any portion of the State. Iowa as a whole is a broad expanse of gently undulating prairie, with the characteristic flora modified by eivili- zation. In northeastern Iowa there are more high hille, rugged cliffs, deep ravines, perennial springs, piny woods, and rapid flowing streams than are to be found in any other region of the same size in the State. Being the least affected by cultivation, many natural Park sites are available, some of which are destined to be utilized in the near future. 8 ene from the Department of Botany, University of N' ebraska, P 8, ['No. 3 of the JouRNAL (S: 65-96, Plate 4) was issued October 8, 1918.] 98 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL In the region under consideration, Winneshiek and Allamakee Counties are bounded on the north by Minne- sota; and Allamakee, Clayton, and Dubuque Counties lie along the west bank of the Mississippi River. Most of the region lies in what is known as the driftless area, that is, an area of rounded hills with no drift mantle or debris, while all the surrounding region is heavily drift covered. Geologically this region, generally speaking, is of the oldest in the State. The Saint Croix sandstone of the Cambrian era, the Oneota limestone, the Saint Peter sandstone, the Trenton limestone, the Galena limestone and the Maquoketa shales are successively exposed _ from the state line southward. A locality with so varied a topography readily gives many favorite habitats for ferns. Almost every fern native of Iowa may be found and many of them are quite frequent in occurrence. OPHIOGLOSSACEAE BOTRYCHIUM VIRGINIANUM (L.) Swartz. Rich woods; frequent; Winneshiek, Allamakee, Clayton, and Du- buque Counties. OSMUNDACEAE OSMUNDA CLAYTONIANA L. Rich woods; common; Winneshiek, Allamakee, Clayton, and Dubuque Coun- ties. POLYPODIACEAE ONOCLEA SENSIBILIS L. In rich moist soil; frequent; Winneshiek, Allamakee, Clayton, and Dubuque Coun- ties. This species is very abundant on the high islands in the Mississippi River, east of Waukon Junction, Iowa; there is also a small colony in a springy slough near Postville, Iowa. ONOCLEA sTRUTHIOPTERIS (L.) Hoffm. (Matteuccia struthiopteris (L.) Todaro.) My specimen was collected FERN Fiora or NORTHEASTERN Iowa 99 in Allamakee County by Mr. Ellison Orr, who reports that the species is abundant in rich soil at the foot of bluffs along the Mississippi River at Waukon Junction and north of Lansing, Iowa, also north of McGregor and near Bulah, Clayton County; there are also oc; casional plants along Village creek and Oneota river, in Allamakee County, in suitable localities. The species has also been collected in Dubuque County. Woopsta oprusa (Spreng.) Torrey. My specimen from Allamakee County was collected by Mr. Orr, who found it growing on great fragments of rock at the foot of a bluff one-half mile east of Ion, Iowa, on Yellow river. The species has also been found in Winneshiek County. Woopsta invensis (L.) R. Br. Professor B. Shimek reports finding this species in two localities northeast from Hesper, Winneshiek County, Iowa. Woopsta scoputina D. C. Eaton. In 1900 Mr. Herbert Goddard, of Decorah, Iowa, sent me a speci- men found nearby, which I at the time reluctantly referred here, but on further examination I am inclined _ to consider it the preceding species. Cysropreris FRAGILIS (L.) Bernh. (Filix fragilis (L.) Underwood.) Rich calcareous or moist soil in woods; common; Winneshiek, Allamakee, Clayton, and Du- buque Comte: CYSTOPTERIS BULBIFERA (L.) Bernh. (Filix bulbifera (L.) Underwood.) Rich caleareous soil; common; Win- neshiek, Allamakee, Clayton, and Dubuque Counties. AspipiuM GotpiANuM Hook. (Dryopteris goldiana (Hook.) A. Gray.) Winneshiek and Allamakee Coun- ties, in rich woodsy soil in timber growing on bluff sides near Decorah and south of Waukon Junction and north of Lansing, and other similar localities. The Species is rather rare even in localities where found. ASPIDIUM THELYPTERIS (L.) Sw. (Dryopteris thelyp- feris (L.) A. Gray.) Winneshiek and Allamakee Coun- 100 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL ties; wet soil; frequent. This species is common on marshy islands of the Mississippi River and occasionally in sloughs in this region. I also have a specimen from the neighboring county of Fayette. _ ASPIDIUM MARGINALE (L.) Sw. (Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray.) The only specimen I have from this region is from Allamakee County, sent to me by Mr. Ellison Orr, who writes: ‘Growing on a timbered, shady, steep north slope of a sandstone bluff capped by limestone, about seven miles northeast of Postville on Yellow river, only one colony—a fine one—dis- covered so far in the county.’’ This is a rare fern for Iowa. PHEGOPTERIS DRYOPTERIS (L.) Fée. (Dryopteris dry- opteris (L.) Britton.) I have specimens which I have referred here from Winneshiek and Allamakee Counties. The habitat is moist, rocky woods. PHEGOPTERIS ROBERTIANA (Hoffm.) A. Br. (Phegop- teris calearea Fée. Dryopteris robertiana (Hoffm.) C. Chr.) This species closely simulates the preceding, of which it may be a variety or only a form. Specimens are at hand from Winneshiek and Allamakee Counties. The specimens from Allamakee County are from Mr. Orr, who writes: “Very abundant where collected on mossy, partly shaded, rocky talus at foot of, and on north side of high and steep bluff along south side of Yellow river, the only station I know in Allamakee County.” PHEGOPTERIS HEXAGONOPTERA (Michx.) Fée. (Dry- opteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) C. Chr.) Allamakee County, my specimen is from Mr. Orr, who reports: “A few scattering plants on north side of wooded bluff, Waukon Junction, Iowa.” CAMPTOSORUS RHIZOPHYLLUS (L.) Link. Winneshiek, Allamakee, Clayton, and Dubuque Counties; rocky limestone soil in woods; frequent; often growing on the Frrn Fiora oF NORTHEASTERN IOWA 101 tops of large detached boulders at the bottom of deep, shaded ravines. ASPLENIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM Michx. (Asplenium pyc- nocarpon Spreng.) Allamakee County; in rich shaded wood soil on slopes and at the foot of timbered bluffs at Waukon Junction and at Lansing, Iowa; infrequent or rare; seemingly preferring the blufis near the Mississ- ippi River. I have also a specimen from Jackson County. ASPLENIUM FILIX-FOEMINA (L.) Bernh. (Athyrium filix-foemina (L.) Roth). Winneshiek, Allamakee, Clay- ton, and Dubuque Counties. Woods and thickets, the most abundant fern and very common throughout this region, as well as all the portions of the State. ASPLENIUM ACROSTICHOIDES Sw. (Asplenium thelyp- teroides Michx. Athyrium thelypteroides (Michx.) Desv.) Allamakee and Dubuque Counties. Mr. Orr writes: “Two small colonies near Waukon, one at Lansing, probably rare in-the county.” ADIANTUM PEpATuM IL. Winneshiek, Allamakee, Clayton, and Dubuque Counties; rich woods; common. Preris aquitina L. (Pleridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn.) Winneshiek, Allamakee, Clayton, and Du- buque Counties; quite common. The habitat is medium ry or moist soil along hillsides covered with thickets or woods. PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA (L.) Link. Winneshiek, Allamakee, Clayton, and Dubuque Counties. Found also in the neighboring counties of Fayette and Dela- Ware. This species prefers limestone cliffs, but grows on sandstone. Mr. Orr notes: “Abundant throughout Allamakee County on all limestone rocks. Shows most luxuriantly where rocks are moist and shaded. Grows abundantly in rock cuts of C. M. & St. P. R. R. west of McGregor. I have seen fine specimens near Harpers Ferry, Iowa.” 102 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL PELLAEA STELLERI (S. G. Gmel.) Watt. (Pellaea gracilis (Michx.) Hook. Cryptogramma Stelleri (Gmel.) Prantl.) Winneshiek, Allamakee, Clayton, and Du- buque Counties. Frequent to common in limestone or sandstone cliffs. Mr. Orr writes for Allamakee County: ‘‘very abundant in moist soil in pockets and crevices of a ledge of St. Peter sandstone, three miles east of Waukon, Iowa, also found at stations near Myron on Yellow river, growing in moist soil in crevices of Trenton limestone.” CHEILANTHES LANUGINOSA Nutt. (C. féei Moore. C. gracilis (Fée) Mett.) Winneshiek, Allamakee, Clay- ton, and Dubuque Counties; exposed dry ledges of Oneota limestone, common. This species is abundant on the face of rocky cliffs of a prominent hill in Alla- makee County known locally as ‘Big Elephant.”’ PoLypopruM vuLGARE L. Allamakee and Clayton Counties. Cliffs, frequent, even common on shaded outcrops of St. Peter sandstone in Allamakee County and on the pictured rocks at McGregor, Clayton County. The species has also been reported from Winneshiek County. SALVINIACEAE AZOLLA CAROLINIANA Willd. This species is found floating in quiet waters. It was found by Miss King in Allamakee County (Plant World, 5: 225). I have specimens from Muscatine and Louisa Counties, from bayous along the Mississippi River, farther south than the region under consideration. I also have specimens collected by J. P. Anderson from Lake Wabonsi in Fremont County, the southwest corner county of the state. This species is rarely collected, but it is prob- ably more frequent than collections indicate, being overlooked. FERN Fiora or NORTHEASTERN IOWA 103 EQUISETACEAE EQUISETUM ARVENSE L. Moist, sandy or clay soils, Waysides and waste places, common; Winneshiek, Alla- _ Inakee, Clayton, and Dubuque Counties. This species is extremely abundant on islands of the Mississippi River, often growing in the water. EQuIsETUM LAEVIGATUM A. Br. Common in moist, clayey soil, along waysides and banks; Winneshiek and Allamakee Counties. Equisretum rRosustum A. Br. This species has been found in Winneshick, Clayton, Dubuque, Clinton, and Jackson Counties. It occurs _ frequently in moist to wet soil, along banks. Poviserou HYEMALE L. Specimens from Winne- shiek, Allamakee, and Dubuque Counties have been referred here. LYCOPODIACEAE Lycorpopium Luciputum Michx. This species has been found in moist woods near Hesper, Winneshiek County. SELAGINELLACEAE SELAGINELLA RupPEsTRIS (L.) Spring. Dry, rocky soil; frequent at least locally; Winneshiek and Dubuque Coun ties. ISOETACEAE IsonTEs MELANoPopA J. Gay. This species has been collected in Clinton County. BetHany, NEBRASKA. Pellaea microphylla Mett. ex Kuhn C. A. WEATHERBY One of the rare ferns of the United States is the little plant, ranging from southwestern Texas to southeastern Arizona, which has passed for many years as Pellaea pulchella. So rare is it that there are in the Gray Her- barium only four sheets from north of the Mexican border and those were collected by Wright and Bigelow between 1849 and 1851. In Mexico, Pringle and Palmer have found it at a few places in Chihuahua and Coa- huila. Late collections reported by Wooton and Stand- ley! from New Mexico and by E. J. Palmer? from Texas add new stations, but do not materially extend the local and restricted range of this plant. Wright seems to have made the first collection in 1849. When his specimens reached Europe and began to be studied there, Hooker referred this plant to the Mexican Pellaea pulchella and cited it under that name in the Species Filicam. Mettenius was of a different opinion and described it as a new species. Baker, somewhat impressed by Mettenius’ view, treated it as a variety of P. pulchella?, and Christensen follows this reference in the Index Filicum. Eaton commented on the matter as follows: “Among the ferns named by Mettenius and published after his decease by Kuhn, is Pellaea microphylla, which name was bestowed upon the northern specimens of the species above described ‘[P ‘ sulcate, or furrowed; and no furrowing is visible on the Chiapas specimens, which are, moreover, considerably taller and heavier AT A ‘ 1 Cont. Nat. Herb. 19+ 24. 1915. * In a paper on Texas ferns soon to be published in the JOURNAL. ? Syn. Fil. ed. 2, 477. 1874. 104 PELLAEA MICROPHYLLA than our form. But I am difference in size, ete., and i ] 105 as yet unwilling to admit that the in the apie, or furrowed rachises, amounts to a valid specific distinction.” He therefore reduced P. microphylla to a synonym of P. pulchella and, so far as I am aware, has been followed by all American authors who have had occasion to deal with the plant, up to the present time. et there are other differences than those noted by Kuhn and Eaton (which by themselves would indeed be hardly sufficient to constitute a species). may be summed up thus: P. microphylla Basal scales about 6 mm. long, more or less crisped in drying, glabrous. Stipe and rachises bright red- own, very slightly or not at all glaucous, shallowly channeled on the upper side Ultimate pinnules very broadly ovate or orbicular, 2-4 mm. long, Sporangia when young, in developed — fronds spread- ing and p All of the above-noted These ‘P. pulchella Basal scales 8-10 mm. long, thicker, not crisped in drying, viscid. Stipe and rachises dark brown, terete cro Itimate pinnules oblong rrowed gradually from the sub-truncate to te times plane and orbicular. characters are wholly con- stant in the material examined. The most striking and remarkable of them is found in the viscid seales of Deen mere * Ferns of N. Am. 1: 5 The from Paar plants evidently gr ed, in which the pinn ‘anaiee were spread out pressing or becaus €ns, either from poor SDecime UD state before collection, Soa merely the tline cannot be seen except by | is so inrolled that its ou 1878. € measurements jee raeagele Gre of the pinnules were taken mostly under favorable conditions when uite be ays er e the plants a dried- margin, but the ole pinaul 106 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL P. pulchella. In all the Gray Herbarium specimens numerous particles of earth and the like small objects are adhering to them, and the scales themselves, when boiled out, will still, after years of desiccation, stick to the dissecting needle. This is a character not found in any other species of Pellaea, so far as I am aware, and one not at all common among ferns. In addition, P. pulchella is, as Eaton noted, ordinarily a notably larger plant than P. microphylla. In the material examined, the fronds of the latter ranged from 10 to 23 cm. in height, averaging slightly over 16; those of the former from 15 to 35 em., averaging 26. The fronds of P. pulchella are, also, generally more compound. Both plants, so far as collectors’ labels show, inhabit limestone ledges, but their ranges are wholly different. P. microphylla is confined to. the arid regions of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and ad- jacent Mexico. P. pulchella occurs further south, from San Luis Potosi to.Chiapas. Taking everything to- gether, there can be little doubt that the two plants represent two closely related, but clearly and definitely distinct, species. In the case of P. microphylla, a nomenclatorial ques- tion arises. It was published in Linnaea 36: 86 (1869). In the same year Fée published another Pellaea micro- phylla in his Cryptogames Vasculaires du Brésil. How- ever, from data very kindly furnished me by Miss Mary A. Day, of the Gray Herbarium, there can be | no doubt that the Mettenian publication was the earlier. Linnaea was issued in parts. The issue of part 1 of volume 36, which, as shown by printers’ marks and remnants of the original cover in the Gray Herbarium copy, comprised pages 1-128, is noticed in the Botanische Zeitung for Sept. 10, 1869. It must, therefore, have appeared before that date. The preface of Fée’s Crypto- games Vasculaires du Brésil, on the other hand, is dated eee a ee a a Se ne ieee i 4 AS a ds At i ee ee PELLAEA MICROPHYLLA 107 7 Nov., 1869, and the work could not have been pub- lished until after that date. The synonymy of the two species and a list of speci- mens examined (all in the Gray Herbarium) follows: PELLAEA MICROPHYLLA Mett. ex Kuhn. Linnaea 36: 86. 1869. P. pulchella Eaton Ferns N. Am. 1: 81, pl. 11, 1878, and American authors, at least in part, not Fée. Texas: 1849, Wright 824 in pt., 825. 1851, Wright, 2132.6 Arizona: Head of Rio San Pedro, Nov. 5, 1850, Bigelow. Cuinuanua: Limestone ledges, Santa Eulalia Mts., March, 1885, Pringle 440. Santa Eulalia Mts., 2 Nov., 1885, Pringle 458. Coanutmta: San Lorenzo Canon, 6 miles southeast of Saltillo, Sept. 21-23, 1904, Palmer 404. Mts. 6 miles east of Saltillo, July, 1880, Palmer 1423. Lerios, 45 miles east of Saltillo, July, 1880, Palmer 1424. ELLAEA PULCHELLA (Mart. & Gal.) Fée. Gen. Fil. 129. 1852. Allosorus pulchellus Mart. & Gal. Mém. Acad. Brux. 15: 47, pl. 10 f. 1. 1842. Not Allosorus pulchellus Presl, 1836, which is a Cheilanthes. Allosorus formosus Liebm. Vid. Selsk. Skr. V. 1: 220 (repr. 68). 1849. San Luis Porosr: Limestone ledges, San Jose Pass, 16 Aug. 1890, Pringle 3401. Minas de San Rafael, June, 1911, Purpus 4882°. * The localities of these Wright collections are unce rtain. The Gray Herbarium sheet of No. 825 (the type collection of P. microphyl:a) gives no collection number. The collection number for No. 824 is apparently “high, stony hills of the Pecos, June 1, 1851.” The first locality is be Arizona, the second in Texas: any given s9ecimen of that number may from either st ate. 108 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Vera Cruz: Region d’Orizaba, Escamela, 16 Aug., 1866, Bourgeau 2894. Curapas, “ete.”’ 1864-1870. Ghiesbreght 227. OAXACA: as San Antonio, 1600 m., 20 May, 1906, Pringle & Conzatti 1395. It is interesting to note that in the ‘Reliquiae’’ Kuhn published Mettenian descriptions of three species of Pellaea—P. intermedia, P. glabella and P. microphylla. The first, after a brief period of obscurity, came into its own. The work of Mackenzie and Bush, Pickett and Butters has recently established P. glabella as be- yond question a distinct species. Now, with the gather- ing of more and better material, it is clear that P. microphylla must take its place beside them—no small tribute to the keenness of eye and good judgment of Mettenius in distinguishing species from meager mate- rial. I am much indebted to Mr. William R. Maxon for his courtesy in turning over to me certain of his notes on the two species here discussed, whose distinctness he had recognized independently and before me; and for reading the manuscript of this paper. EXPLANATION oF Piate 5. A. Pellaea microphylla, tip of frond Tr: frond <1. Figs. 5 and 6, fertile pinnules; fig. 7, young fertile pinnule; fig. 8, sterile — all X4. The figures of P. microphylla were drawn from Pringle 458; those of P. pulchella, fertile from Pringle & Conzatti iy sterile from Purpus 4882a. East Hartrorp, Conn. AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME &, PLATE 5 1 PELLAEA MICROPHYLLA AND P. PULCHELLA A Crested Fern Used in Landscape Planting F. G. FLOYD Several years ago a dwarf crested fern was submitted to me for identification. The material was quite meager and the specimens were not well made and, on account of having been collected late in the season, the sori and indusia were not particularly well preserved. On account of the poor material I was unable to satisfactorily establish the identity of the species at the time, but it seemed to be a form of Asplenium Filiz-femina (L.) Bernh. The plant was collected at West Rock Park, New Haven, Conn., and was reported as abundant. Nearly all of our native ferns are known to produce crested forms occasionally, but with the exception of certain species that are provided with stoloniferous running rootstocks, these crested forms are found as isolated single plants and not in colonies nor in any abundance over considerable areas. In 1898 I dis- covered Dicksonia punctilobula (Michx.) Gray! with forked and crested fronds in the Blue Hills, Milton, Mass., and in 1904 the late Mr. George E. Davenport and myself visited the station at Sudbury, Mass., and collected a crested form of Aspidium Thelypteris (L.) Sw.? These two species are of the stoloniferous type. At each of these stations the fern had spread by means of the creeping rootstock until it occupied an area of at least one hundred square feet almost to the exclusion of the normal form. In rambling over New England in search of flowers and ferns I have found many crested or otherwise abnormally divided forms of ferns, but in all my experience, extending over a period of more than twenty years, except at the two above-mentioned sta- tions at Milton and Sudbury, I have never found at 1 Forma cristata (Maxon) Clute. Fern Bull. 7: 63; Rhodora. 2: 220. * Forma Pufferae (A. A. Eaton) Robinson. Fern Bull. 10: 78. 110 A CRESTED FERN IN LANDSCAPE PLANTING 111 any one station more than a single solitary crested plant. Asplenium Filix-femina has no creeping root- stock, being furnished with an upright or decumbent rhizome. From my experience with these plants, there- fore, it was natural to expect that if a crested form of Asplenium Filiz-femina was found, there would be one plant only. Consequently, the reported abundance of a crested fern from West Rock, supposedly this species, excited my curiosity, and when an opportunity pre- sented itself I visited the Park for the purpose of investi- gating. I entered at the southwest corner crossing West River and proceeded along a well-kept roadway bor- dered by a low second growth for the most part of native trees and shrubs. The margin of the roadway had evidently been cleared of all growth and replanted with shrubs, some of which were not native species. Proceeding a short distance, I found in this replanted strip a few plants of the crested form I was looking for and, after satisfying myself that the plant was in reality Asplenium Filix-femina, I proceeded to make a careful Search to determine its abundance. I found plants everywhere along this roadway but always singly, sometimes a foot or two apart and again ten feet or more away from each other. They were always in the replanted strip and never more than ten feet from the paved gutter of the graded roadbed. When I penetrated further from the road into the uncleared second growth I found plenty of plants of the usual tall, perfectly normal Asplenium Filix-femina, but none of the dwarf form. Walking slowly along the roadway for over half a mile I counted the plants observed until the figure reached more than two hundred. I con- tinued for about half a mile further and estimated I Saw some five hundred plants of the dwarf crested form in the total distance covered and there were many others 112 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL beyond the point where I turned and retraced my steps. There was considerable variation in the stature, shape of blade, and cutting of frond, ranging from about four to eighteen inches in length, from lanceolate to ovate- lanceolate and from simple bifureate to compound crested. Here was something new in my experience; A. Filiz- femina, a non-stoloniferous fern, with crested plants in abundance, and I was puzzled to account for it. I had established four facts; the identity of the fern as a form of Asplenium Filix-femina; its abundance as considerable; that it was found only in the replanted strip; and the presence of several recognizably different things all abnormal. In seeking an answer to this puzzle it is evident that the phenomenon might be accounted for as the result of natural or artificial introduction. The late Mr. Charles T. Druery, exponent of the cult of English fern hybridists, has demonstrated that freak ferns re- produce themselves from spores in cultivation. It might be possible to account for the abundance of the form at West Rock Park through natural means, al- though not in accord with my observations on other wild species. If, however, this form was reproducing itself naturally, it was not apparent why it should be found exclusively in the replanted area and ‘not in the natural, wild, uncleared second growth. Because of this incongruity of position and also on account of the extent and the regular interval maintained between the plants, I was inclined to adopt the hypothesis of artificial introduction. I was deterred from accepting absolutely this theory because of the factor of precedent involved. I had never known an instance of such an _ insignificant plant as this dwarf crested form of Asplen- - jum being used extensively in landscape planting. After consideration, the weight of the evidence, to my mind, A CrEsTED FERN IN LANDSCAPE PLANTING 113 seemed to indicate artificial introduction rather than natural reproduction from spores and there the matter was allowed to rest for a time. have recently received the following letter from the President of the Department of the Public Parks of New Haven, which confirms my suspicion of inten- tional introduction: New Haven, Connecticut, : February 13, 1918. Dear Mr. Fioyp: In reply to your inquiry I beg to say that Mr. Amrhyn, Super- intendent of Parks for a number of years, tells me that he set out a dwarf fern both at East and West Rock Parks for several years in succession in quantity. It must be this to which you refer, although the locality does not exactly correspond to your deserip- tion. If you wish further information perhaps I could elicit it by sending your letter to the University Professor of Botany, which I will do if you say so. But clearly these dwarf ferns were planted, Yours truly, T. S. Woo.sEY. This evidence seems to settle beyond a doubt that the form in question was actually artificially introduced and was designed to form part of the Park planting scheme This crested form has been detected by others at West Rock Park and at East Rock Park. In the Gray Herharium there is a sheet bearing this label, “ Athyrium Filix-femina, var. corymbiferum, forma strictum Druery [det. B. L. R.]. East Rock and Mt. Carmel, near New Haven, Conn. Coll. Miss Mary G. Miner. Comm. Sept. 12, 1906.” The specimens match many of the plants I saw at West Rock Park. On this sheet a note has been added by Prof. F. K. Butters, “A form of true European A. Filix-femina.” In Prof. Butters’s paper on the American lady ferns* it is shown that the true European Filiz-femina is not found wild in New ? Rhodora. 19: 169. 114 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL England. He says “that in the eastern United States and Canada there are two distinct species of lady ferns, neither of which is conspecific with A. Filiz-femina (L.) Roth, of Europe.’ If, therefore, A. Filix-femina is not a native New England species, and if these crested plants found growing so abundantly at West Rock Park are true European A. Filiz-femina, it follows that they were planted there. This then seems to be the answer to the riddle: that, strange as it may seem, this dwarf crested form of lady fern, found well established in such abundance at West Rock Park, has not originated there naturally from spores but has been introduced by the city authori- ties as a definite part of the planting scheme, and shows every indication at present of maintaining itself in- definitely. West Roxsury, Mass. Notes on American Ferns—XI[' WILLIAM R. MAXON Tue Systematic PosiTion or PELLAEA DENSA.— Under the name Onychiwm densum and on the basis of very scant material from the Rogue River region of southwestern Oregon, Brackenridge described, in 1854, the peculiar but now well known fern usually called Pellaea densa. It has been placed under Cryptogramma by Diels, but in every essential character this latest reference is unsatisfactory. Actually the plant is of very close relationship to Cheilanthes californica, de- spite D. C. Eaton’s comment concerning the latter species that ‘there is no other North American fern which it resembles even slightly.’? At first sight the cp. 179. 1 Published with the permission of the Secrotary of the Smithsonian Institution. ? Ferns N. Amer. 1: 46. 1878. Notes ON AMERICAN FERNS—XII 115 continuous, linear indusium, common to the very numer- ous contiguous sori associated in a narrow, intramar- ginal line, would seem to offer sharp distinctions to the soriation of C. californica, in which the sori are almost invariably solitary, having each a separate, short, roundish-lunate indusium attached at the trans- versely enlarged vein-tip to a slender, almost saccate marginal tooth on either side; but it will be found that the modification of leaf margin is similar in both species, and that the greater prominence of the marginal teeth in C. californica and the development of solitary sori in this species are characters directly correlated with the greater dissection of the lamina. The fronds of Pellaea densa are nearly always completely fertile, with long, subentire, linear segments; but in the rare semi- fertile fronds (these having serrate segments) or even in oceasional wholly fertile specimens with unusually short segments the sori may be interruptedly continuous, with the indusia lobed, correspondingly, or even dis- continuous. Some such specimens have actually been determined as C. californica. In habit, rhizome scales, absence of paleaceous or hairy covering of lamina, and development of a true membranous indusium the two species are strikingly alike and are undoubtedly congeneric. Their proper generic reference is not so clear, however. In. the characters just enumerated they are at variance with a majority of the species of Cheilanthes, as that genus is now regarded, yet there are several species variously referred to either Cheilan- thes or Pellaea to which they are closely akin, the whole assemblage perhaps constituting a separate genus. Thus, Cheilanthes californica, the type of Nuttall’s unpublished genus Aspidotis, is closely similar to the African C. Schimperi Kunze, and Pellaea densa is no less closely related to the Himalayan Cheilanthes nitidula Hook. and the Mexican and Central American C. intra- 116 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL marginalis Kaulf. The last-mentioned plant is the type and sole species of Mildella, a genus proposed by Trevi- san,’ reduced to Pellaea by Christensen. If Mildella were to be recognized as distinct it should probably include (besides those mentioned above) a few tropical species, for example, the group of C. marginata. Pend- ing a critical review of the whole group it seems prefer- able, however, to regard Mildella as a subgenus of ehalcdae This requires the transfer of Pellaea densa to Cheilanthes and, unfortunately, the assignment of a new species name, because of the earlier Cheilanthes densa Fée, 1852. The plant may be known, therefore, as Cheilanthes siliquosa, in allusion to the silique- like form of the narrowly elongate segments. The synonymy is given below.' Cheilanthes pyramidalis arizonica Maxon, subsp. nov.—Rhizome oblique or short-decumbent, coarsely radicose, freely paleaceous upon and among the bases of the crowded stipes; scales ascending, linear-attenuate, 4-5 mm. long, about 0.5 mm. broad at the base, dark castaneous, opaque, nearly concolorous, rigid, the acicu- lar apices fragile, subentire. Fronds several, fasciculate, 15-28 cm. long; stipes 8-17 em. long, fragile, lightly flexuous, castaneous, naked above the base; lamina deltoid-ovate, subpentagonal, 7-13 cm. long, 4-10 cm. broad, subquadripinnate, all the rachises but the glossy castaneous basal parts of the primary and larger sec- ondary ones very narrowly greenish-marginate; pinnae laxly ascending or the basal ones projected forward, ’ Rend. Ist. Lombardo II. 9: 810. 1876. 4 Cheilanthes siliquosa Maxon, nom. Onych*um syeooy Brack. in Wilkes, vu. ye a Exped. 16: 120. Patiosa tease Hook. 4 . Fil. 2: 150. pl. 125.B. 18 Allosorus densus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 806. ps 1. sg gh tp densa Diels in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 14: Notes on AMERICAN FeRNS—XII 217 all the divisions and segments oblique, distant; seg- ments mostly fertile, 3-7 mm. long, narrowly elliptical, pointed-elliptical, or oblanceolate (rarely linear), nar- rowly cuneate, their bases as broad as the greenish- marginate ultimate rachises; sori intramarginal, borne upon the swollen, nearly punctiform vein-tips, few- sporangiate, adjacent, confluent, not extending to the base of the segment, with a common proper indusium formed of the broadly reflexed. delicately membranous margin, the vein-tips evident without in the sinuses of shallow crenations at the base; indusia ample, often meeting at the middle of the segment, not decurrent upon the rachises, translucent, the margin delicately glandular-papillose or papillose-denticulate. Leaf tissue delicately membranous, sometimes minutely granular- crustaceous near the vein-tips above and on the lower part of the indusium, beneath beset with numerous, oblique or appressed, very minute glandular hairs, these usually wine-colored and appearing resinous. Type in the U. S. National Herbarium, No. 692694, collected on the steep moist slopes of Ramsey Canyon, Huachuca Mountains, southeastern Arizona, August 28, 1912, by L. N. Goodding (No. 1327). Represented also by other specimens collected at the same place by Professor Goodding (No. 760) and by specimens col- lected in August, 1882, in Conservatory Canyon, of the same mountains, by Lemmon, all distributed as Pellaeca marginata, a South American species which barely reaches North America. While amply distinct from typical Mexican C. pyramidalis, the Arizona plant seems, nevertheless, to intergrade imperceptibly with larger but similarly decompound Mexican forms of more robust and upright habit through specimens collected in Chihuahua (Palmer 446; Pringle 1442), these necessitating its recognition as a subspecies merely. Cheilanthes pyramidalis, as represented in ample col- VOLUME 8, PLATE 6 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL o [veg 9, ASE B () {) \y WW = NI Sr D C C xt Fig.l CHEILANTHES PYRAMIDALIS ARIZONICA MAXON Notes on AMERICAN FEeRNS—XII 119 lections from widely diverse regions of Mexico and Guatemala, embraces other puzzling, closely inter- related forms. These and the present plant will be discussed subsequently, together with C. angustifolia : , C. cuneata Link. C. chaerophylla (Mart. & Gal.) Kinet C. marginata H. B. K., and C. mem- branacea: in their relation to C. Hon aE Hook., the type of Mildella. EXPLANATION oF Piate 6.—Fig. 1, sterile and fertile frond. Fig. 2, pinnule with the indusium removed, showing soriation. Fig. pinnule, showing indusium. ~ 4, seale from rootstock. Fig. 5, scale from bud. Fig. 6, sporan [Owing to limited material ial at the time the drawing was made, the fertile frond figured is somewhat smaller and less com- pound than is usual in this subspecies. —C. A WESTERNMOST STATIONS FOR CHEILANTHES FEEI.— This species, while exceedingly common in the Mexican border region from central Texas to Arizona and widely distributed in the central and western parts of the United States, is nevertheless very rare in the states of the Pacific coast. In addition to the station at Almota, southeastern Washington (Piper) and_ the recent record from the Providence Mountains, San Bernardino County, California, (Parish),’ only the following material is known to the writer: Mountain Spring, western border of the Colorado Desert, San Diego County, California, altitude 600 meters, May 12, 1894, Internat. Bound. Comm. 3080 (Schoenfeldt, coll.). THe Aupine Lapy Frern.—In a recent paper upon the genus Athyrium, with particular reference to the North American forms referred or related to A. filiz- foemina,? Butters has described an American variety (var. americanum) of the Old World A. alpestre, pointing out as essential characters that “it differs in having 5 Pellaea re Eilat Bot. Gaz. 24: 262. pl. 18. f. 5, 6. 1896. * Bot. Gaz. 65: 334. 7 Rhodora 19: frie ey me 123. text figs. 1-5. 1917. 120 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL ~ the ultimate segments of the frond conspicuously nar- rower and more widely separated from one another, and the sori even smaller than in the type’. . submarginal, and protected by a reflexed tooth of he pinnule,’ and adding that ‘‘careful search has failed to disclose any vestige of indusium in the American material.”” Because of an approach which a few speci- mens are held to show “to the European form in the cutting of the frond,” the author regards the American plant as a “geographical variety rather than a species,”’ despite the complete suppression of indusia in all Amer- ican specimens. An examination of the very ample material in the National Herbarium, however, including some of the numbers cited by Butters as intermediate in leaf cutting, reveals no specimens which are truly intermediate in this or other respects, the extremes in “leafiness’”’ among the American specimens being no - greater than may reasonably be attributed to partial sterility or to favorable or adverse conditions of habitat. he American material is essentially uniform in all respects save size, and since it differs constantly from the European plant it should rank as a distinct species, Athyrium americanum.’ The invariable absence of reduced indusia, which might be regarded as an incon- sequential point if the plants were otherwise like the European, is a substantiating character of some worth; but disregarding this feature, the plant is different enough in gross characters to warrant separation. The conspicuously narrow, oblique, widely separated seg- ments give it a strict, singularly skeleton-like aspect widely different from that of the leafy European plant, * Athyrium apnnageseerten (Butters) Maxon. (Atnyri Ipestre amer. een Butters . 204.) o type sie Phir been designated by Butters, the following collection, represented in both the Gray and National Herbaria, may be regarded as the type: Rogers Pass, British Columbia, alt. 1320 meters, Aug. 23, 1904, E. R. Heacock (in Shaw’s ‘‘Selkirk Flora’) 554. : A Yerar’s FERN COLLECTING 121 which has the segments spreading and more broadly attached; and the oblique, elongate-deltoid pinnae (with the basal pinnules often greatly produced) are equally at variance from the spreading, oblong-acuminate pinnae of the European species. The range ‘Alaska and British Columbia to California and Colorado; also in Gaspé County, Quebec” must be extended to include Nevada, an especially luxuriant specimen recently re- ceived having been collected at Candle Creek, Pole County, Nevada, altitude 2570-2630 meters, August 18, 1917, by W. W. Eggleston (No. 14135). Wasuinaton, D. C. A Year’s Collecting in the Northeastern United ates E. P. KILLIP Between the middle of August, 1916, and the middle of August, 1917, it was my good fortune to botanize in certain very interesting fern regions in the north- eastern part of the United States. These localities have been frequently visited and often described by botanists, but possibly a brief account of the places and of the ferns collected will not be without interest at this time. Cape May anp THE New Jersey PINE BARRENS During the latter part of August, 1916, M. 8. Baxter and M. E. Woodams, of Rochester; Joseph G. Taylor, of the Department of Biology, New York University; and myself, made a trip to the Cape May peninsula, the southern extremity of the State of New Jersey, and to Hammonton, in the heart of the pine barrens. Although the many species of grasses, sedges, and flower- ing plants to be found in these regions made the bulk i pial AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL of our collections consist of these groups, the few ferns and fern allies we gathered were of very great interest. The best “hike” which our guide, Mr. O. H. Brown, took us on led through the sandy bogs of Cold Spring and Bennett, a few miles north of the city of Cape May. The appearance of one of these bogs at Bennett will ever remain before our eyes. It was almost pure white with the rare orchid Habenaria nivea, with occa- sional patches of Sabatia lanceolata, Lachnanthes tinctoria, and Xyris elata. Cleser inspection of the soil revealed abies alopecuroides, L. inundatum var. Bigelovit, and the tiny ZL. carolinianum. In a ditch running through the bog was Jsoétes Engelmanni. Ancther short trip to Cape May West netted us Woodwardia areolata, found along roadsides, and Botry- chium obliquum var. dissectum. At Hammonton, in the central part of the state, Mr. George W. Bautett was our guide. We drove some ten miles north of the village, finding Aspleniuwm platy- neuron and Woodwardia virginica on the way, left our rig and walked down the Atsion River, the banks of which, for a distance of some five miles, were lined with Lygodium palmatum. Farther along the road we came to a peat bog where, after several moments of steady gazing at a spot indicated by our guide, we saw for the first time the curled fronds of Schizaea pusilla with the erect fertile portion. Lycopodium carolinianum was also here. We were very chary about gathering much Schizaea, as it seemed very scarce. The next day, however, Mr. Bassett took us to a spot where the little hillocks in the bog were completely covered with splendid plants of this rare fern. We surely took our fill of speci- mens and photographs. In July, 1917, I made another trip of a few days to both Cape May and Hammonton, but it was mainly to collect the earlier grasses and sedges. I certainly A Yerar’s FERN COLLECTING 125 want to take this opportunity of thanking Mr. Brown and Mr. Bassett for all they did to make both of these trips most enjoyable and profitable. CENTRAL NEw YORK In June, 1917, Dr. H. D. House, the New York State Botanist, and I.made an auto trip through the central portion of the state, chiefly for the purpose of studying the flora of cedar swamps. As our trip included a brief stop at Jamesville, it was not entirely without interest from a fern standpoint. As the Green and Blue Lake region has been so often described, I will pass over this very interesting locality, merely recording that we collected Scolopendrium vulgare, Camptosorus rhi- zophyllus, Asplenium Trichomanes and Polypodium vul- gare. A few other ferns gathered on this trip are worth mentioning. Aspidium simulatum we found at Sylvan Beach on Oneida Lake; Botrychiwm lanceolatum var. angustisegmentum occurred in a deep woods near Taberg, Madison County; and Lycopodium inundatum we col- lected in a sphagnum bog at Lily Marsh, Oswego County. Tue ADIRONDACK AND GREEN MOUNTAINS Five members of the Rochester Academy of Science, Messrs. Baxter, Boughton, Matthews, White, and my- self, left Rochester one morning in July, 1917, on what was to be a most pleasurable auto trip through the north country. Swinging around by way of Oswego, Watertown and Malone, we entered the Adirondacks from the north and made our headquarters at the Wood farm, just south of Lake Placid, the last outpost of civilization, before entering the Mt. Marcy wilderness. One day we spent in Keene Valley, walking up the Asuable Valley beyond St. Huberts. In the deep woods here we found Polystichum Braunii and Botrychium 124 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL fanceolatum var. angustisegmentum. On the rocky cliffs near Rainbow Falls were quantities of Cryptogramma Stelleri, Cystopteris fragilis, Woodsia ilvensis, and a very blunt-lobed form of this Woodsia which I have fre- quently noticed in mountain habitats. In Mossy Cascade, near St. Huberts, was found Asplenium Trich- omanes. The only spots in the whole Adirondacks where I have chanced to encounter two ferns common in other sections of the state, Aspidium marginale and Adiantum pedatum, occur in these Keene Valley woods. Three days were spent in a camping trip to the sum- mit of Mt. Marcy, 5328 feet in altitude. The ascent was made by way of the Marcy Brook trail, the descent along the picturesque Opalescent River and through Avalanche Pass. The characteristic ferns of the dense woods of this region are Phegopteris polypodioides,. As- pidium spinulosum and its varieties intermedium and dilatatum, and Polypodium vulgare. On the bare, rocky summit of Marcy, Lycopodium Selago and L. annotinum var. pungens are found. At Lake Tear-of-the-Clouds, the highest water in the state, Lycopodium inundatum grows. Avalanche Pass, with its perpendicular rocky sides, is surely a fern paradise. In the crevices of the rocks are clumps of Aspidium fragrans, with their with- ered masses of dead fronds; Woodsia ilvensis is every- where; while occasionally you see the delicate little fronds of the very rare Woodsia alpina. The peat bogs in the fields close to the Wood farm we found interesting with Ophioglossum vulgatum, Botry- chium ternatum var. rutaefolium, and the rare orchid, Microstylis unifolia. Leaving the Wood farm the first of August, we drove east, were ferried across Lake Champlain, and made for the famous Smugglers Notch, Vermont. Over the roughest of roads and steepest of hills, we drove to Smugglers Notch Camp. A short hike and a climb A YEAR’s FERN COLLECTING 125 up high cliffs brought us into the heart of that wonder- ful flora. Here, in shady crevices of the rocks. we came upon the delicate plants of Asplenium viride and Woodsia glabella. Woodsia ilvensis, of course, was there, and in the woods at the base of the cliffs, Polystichum Braunii. The following morning I took a hike up to the summit of Mt. Mansfield, finding the fern flora much as on the Adirondack peaks—mostly stubby Lycopodiums. We then struck east to the Connecticut River and followed this to Greenfield, Mass., calling upon various fern enthusiasts upon the way, one of whom was Mr. Underwood, the Treasurer of the American Fern Society. After‘a beautiful run.over Hoosac Mountain and through the Berkshires, with a stop at Albany, we made for the Fulton Chain of Lakes in the southwestern part of the Adirondacks. The best finds here were Aspidiwm simulatum at Quiver Pond and some Aspidium hybrids; on the sandy shores of Otter Lake we came upon Lyco- podium inundatum once more. WEsTERN NEw YORK Naturally, during the year covered by this article, I made frequent trips in the vicinity of Rochester. Ferns more or less common in this region, as well as in Central New York, are Adiantum pedatum, Aspidium cristatum, A. cristatum var. Clintonianum, A. marginale, A. noveboracense, A. spinulosum, A. spinulosum var. intermedium, A. eee Asplenium Filix-femina, Cystopteris Frauen and C. bulbifera, Onoclea sensibilis, O. Struthiopteris, Phegopteris Dryopteris, Polystichum acrostichoides, Pteris aquilina, Osmunda cinnamomea, O. Claytoniana, O. regalis, Botrychium virginianum, Equisetum arvense, E. hyemale, E. Auviatile, E. syl- vaticum. ; Ferns that I found in less abundance in Western New York were Camptosorus rhizophyllus, Asplenium 126 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL Trichomanes, and A. platyneuron at Lime Rock, Gene- see County; Asplenium acrostichoides, A. angustifolium, Aspidium Goldianum and Phegopteris hexagonoptera at Jenkins Woods, Pittsford; Woodwardia virginica at Mendon; Aspidium Boottii at Bergen; Botrychium lance- olatum var. angustisegmentum and B. ramosum at Castile; Ophioglossum vulgatum at Pittsford; Equisetum scirpoides and £. variegatum north of Rochester; Selaginella rupes- tris near East Rochester. Dicksonia punctilobula, a very common weed in central and eastern New York, is very scarce near Rochester, so far as I know only one small patch occurring in that vicinity. On these trips I collected quite a large number of duplicate specimens, and if any members of the Fern Society wish to exchange with me, I shall be very glad to do so. Rocuester, N. Y. American Fern Society The Secretary has received word of the death, on October 21, of Mr. Raynal Dodge. We hope to have a more extended notice of his life and work in the next number. Prof. Frank T. McFarland, 703 South- Limestone Street, Lexington, Ky., would like to get a copy of Christensen’s Index Filicum. Can any of the members tell him where one can be obtained? For the two plates in this number, the JouRNAL is indebted to Mrs. Una F. Weatherby, who has very kindly drawn and presented them to us. - The following officers have been elected for 1919, in all cases by nearly unanimous votes: President, Mr. William R. Maxon; Vice-president, Mrs. Mary A. Noble; Secretary, Mr. Stewart H. Burnham ; Treasurer, Mr. J. G. Underwood. AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY New MemBeErs: Bear, Mrs. Chasis Poyser, W. A., 127 U., 142 Putnam Ave., Detroit, Mich. 207 South 37th Street, Philndelghin: Pa. Wherry, Edgn ar T., Bureau of Chemistry, U. S. Dept. of Agri- culture, Washington, Sesnsoha OF Aeesne: n, Rev. S. M., R. D. 8, Brookfield, Conn. Satchwell, Mrs. M. W., Ortega, Fla. Letter postage is still three cents and nearly every- thing else has gone up except the Society’s income. The Treasurer therefore asks that, in order to save expense, members will send their 1919 dues to him without waiting to receive a bill. INDEX TO VOLUME 8 Adder’s-tongue, Adiantum Cats Wea os 61, 74, 75; forking fronds 61; emarginatum, ; i 1 Ainaieras formosus, 107; densus, ut pulchellus, 107 American Fern Society, es sey 95, 1 ; annual reports of, ida, 40 a crist- ie, 52 Ae i 3 125; spinulosum, 84, 124, 125; var. concordianum, 52; Vv : Posi : ti heagg* meni ana- deni 84, Kory ee heiypteris, 2, 3, pe OL Bas 2, Asplenium, 53; new aaleareg : rostichoides, 80, 101, 125 angustifolium, 75, 101, gi Bradleyi, 1, 3, ay bene ebenoides, 56; x-foemina, “01, 110; 213, 142: 18. 125; G gi- um pictum, 52; deceate 2 3; marinum, 24; montanum, atifidum, 2, 75; parvulum, 6; pinn viride, 24, AGhyctiats. 53: alpestre var. amer- icanum, 119, 120; americanum, 19; corymbiferum £ vivictinn. 5: var. Michauxii, 32 Azolla corclininnn, 102 BONAPARTE, PRINCE Notes Ptéridologiques reaboni 22 anceolatum var. ~ gent hove 56; tisegmentum, 51, 123, 126; ~ 01, 00, ew station for, in Vermont, 60; Matricariae, ae tricariaefolium, 76; mul 57; neglectum, 76; o 128 liquum, 51; var. dissectum, 122; onondagense, 76; osum, 51, 76, ; silai aeum, var. gracile, 77 Brake, Purple Cliff, 58 Bracken, Burrers, K., Taxonomic and Geogra’ phic Studies in North American Ferns, I and II (re- 3 Camptosorus, 5; roizophyllus, 51, Hees | Ceropteris icinnabot 4 Cheilanthes, 71, 89, ala- mensis, 75; Se. a a, ; californic: 114, 115; chaerophylla, i : oe ae - Pai sa, 116; F 102, most stations for, ane Se os horridula, 94; intramarginali. ira; 519: 117: 116; siliquosa, iin tomentosa, 59 Clift _— gt lassie 58 Club agen CLUT W. e on plant names “revi w), 62 yptogramma, 62; aghonastegry rs ne 80; crispa, 24; den 116; Stelleri, SO, 102, 12 bide ppocn 5; bulbifers, 85, 99, ; fragilis, 5, 24, 72, 86, 99, ney 125; montana, 24, 86 icksonia err tere 110, 126; or cristata, 52, Diplazium, = ODGE, , Obituary wien a DRUERY, C 7 , Obituary notice, yopteris, 53, 56, 58, 4a: she - toni: y SSS ta, 74, 84; x miana, 74; ata, 85; grans, 83, 86; 99; hexagonoptera, 100: inter- AMERICAN FEKN JOURNAL media, 84; Linnazana, 79; gina alis, 59, 75, 00; coal teris, 78; rigida var. arguta, 84; 100; spinulosa ve! ata, media, 75; licks trie, ‘58, $3, 99 Empetrum nigrum, 42 Equisetum arvense, id 108;. 125; var. cam stre, 47; v i riega- tum, 49, 126; var. Jeaupl; 49; f. multirameum, 49 oe O. A., Fern notes (re- w), 55 Fats paypal sted, ine in sees 110; adder 14; ‘Ainines ae 119; ahve Ve. Christmas, 6, 15, 60; crested, 15; F, 66, G7. i iS 5 ea. | kK, 16; royal, 58; sensitive, 13; spinulose shield, 15; Venu 60; wall 9,10; 11, ,18..15 Jamaican Filmy, Ferns of Pes Osage Nation, Okla- homa, Filix nant toe 85, 99; Foemina, 56; fragilis, 59, 86, 99: var. INDEX TO VOLUME 8 magna-sora, 86; Mas, 56; mon- ana, FITZPATRICK, T. J., The yi Flora of Northeastern Iowa, FLoyp, F. , A cre sted oe used D, in landbeane planting, Fronds, Forkin: in Cap: tiue-venerin, 61 Adiantum DE VILLE, HEN ur le «Rouges review. 23 Gieihenia, 57; dicho BW ae pasinilie ae Ree a : ren Garden, 71 Ferns G tl GREENE, F. C., of the Osage Nation, Oklahoma, 59 GRUBER, er eget with a Fern Garden—lII, aa. peat; ie Habenaria nivea, 122 Hart’s-tongue, is Howe, INEZ Pik econ for Botryehium. hee Ver 60 nea menophyllum, 67, 69, plenioides, 68; axillare, 68; ae erinae, : r um, 68; fucoides, 68; hirsutum, 70; lanatum, 70; lineare, 70; pelta- 24; sericoum, 70; tunbridgense, 24, 68 Towa, The Fern Flora of North- eastern, Isoetes Braunii, 46; echinospora Vv: Braunii, ois ie 122: melanopoda, ce eo Ferns, the, JED ENNIN' an aaa Pieridophyte of Northwestern Ontai i eas es If, Kiuurr, E. P., A year’s collecting in the Northeastern United States, 121 Lachnanthes tinctoria, 122 Lomaria Spicant, 52 Lycopodium alopecuroides, 122; in ot: 43; as yon achyon, 44; pesca Mo 45, 56; var. sine be f. Wibbei, . 45; inun a or = st a ot o Lygodium palmatum, 50, 122 MAcCCAUGHEY, VAUGHN, The gen- us Gleichenia in the Hawaiian Islands (review), 57 MacCoinz, , The Male Fern at Owen ss Ontario, 18; mostly in nterrogations, 20 Maidenhair, Matteucia Hach 88, A MAXON, W. a new tial Asplenium, 1; Further notes on Pellaea, 89 Wate s on America: ty s—XII, 114; on estern ecies of Pel laea satel rae Paiva um ae dersoni and re lated species, Microstylis unifolia, 124 MOox ey, G. L., Forking Fronds in Adi adetuite Capillus-veneris, 61 NELSON, J. C., Notes on Adiant vheragce 16; Asse of Gaon iangularis etre United States, a year’s collectin: Notholaena, 57, 71; deiibaia 59 Onoclea sensibilis, 20, 72, eh 98, 125; Str agg 88, + 125 Ontario, An a tated list pe the Pteridophytes ok Se 38 125; regalis, 21, 60, 72 125; forma interrupta, 78 Pellaea, 57, 58, pare 90, 94; Further 415, 516, ‘ayeuenntie position of. 130 114; glabella, 59, 91, 92, 108; cilis, 80, 102; intermedia, ees Jongimucronata, ina LE: oe sey wdcropleyiian, 1 105, oe 107, ae o ronata, a apak ornithop 74, 89; enn a, 89, 94: oe 102 a ac] 5 a8 KS} g fe] a 9 Polypodium, 62; poly podioides, 7 dear re 48,1022 12854 olypody, 15; Sus ,4 Ralysterhar. 33; 38) oe 74; adian forme, 34; bese 34, 35 ersoni PRINCE, S. F., Fern notes, 4 Pteridophytes of northwestern On- tario, an annotated list of, I, 38; LE, 76 Pteridium aquilinum, 79, 101; var. ery 58, 62 pr Gaby 19 QO1, 125; cretica, 24 E., More pleasures 38 eviews arte, land, Notes Ptéridologiques, 22; Butters, K., Taxono: Geographic studies in American Ferns, 53; te, ; plant names, 62; MacCaushey, Vaughn, The enus Gleicheni: Islands, o sai fe 3 Notes on weste of of some new cases of axiom AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL in ferns, 58; Wuist, E. D., g-- amous apie, cep oi toy in stot ae cies of ferns, 95 Rubus ene 40; parviflorus, 40: UGG, G., A Vermont Fern i 50 shea a 122 vulgare, 19, 652,. Rolaaieils rupestris, cigs ge 60, 103, 126; crema es, SHREVE, a REST, The cine i Piebanctaty amet 15; ebony, 15, 56; silvery, 16 StrerL, W. N., Studies of some new cases of apogamy in ferns (review), 58 Tectaria, 58 Thelypteris, 56 Tricho . 5 i OB) 6; alati 68; arbuscula, 68: Boschi- polypodtotds, 67; pusillum. : radian es oo. on sie oh 67: pease be sphenoides, 67; ten trichoideum, 68 Vaccinium uliginosum, 42 WHEATHERBY, C. A., Pellaea mi- crophylla Mett. ex Kuhn, 104 WINSLOW, E. J., Notes on the: Male Fern in Vermont, 18 Wocdsia, obtuse, 15 W oodsia, 5, 72; alpina, 24, 51, si re : = 122, 125 lia (review), 95 Xyris elata, 122 ERRATA Page 38, title, and contents of No. 2, line 2. For northwestern. Ontario, read northwes t tern Ontario—I. Contents of No. 3, line 2. For 72, read 71.