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American Fern Fournal

A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS

Published by the

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY

EDITORS
C. A. WEATHERBY
R. C. BENEDICT W. R. MAXON

;

VOLUME XXX
ee ia

LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA £0

CONTENTS

VoutuME 30, NuMBER 1, Paces 1-40, IssuED Marcu 27, 1940

Adventures in Fern Collecting, TID 2.0... E. J. Palmer. 1
Ferns of . a auea-Mauna Loa Section of siege Hawaii Na-
tiona L. Fowler 9
A New peti: TSOCCES oe csserssvrene E. D. Merrill and eh M. Perry 18
A Station for Se egret in ee: Carolina ..D. 8S. Correll 21
Shorter Not 27
Recent Deen. tier elas 30
American Fern Society sere

VoLuME 30, No. 2, Paces 41-72, issuED JUNE 23, 1940
Ferns in the Kutztown-Fleetwood Area, Pennsylvania.
C.

Gruber 41
Selaginella Rupestris in Arkansas D. M. Moore 50
Cyrtomium in Southern California HH; H. Tracey 52
Notes on Texas Ferns ...... H. B. Parks 56
Recent Fern Literature oe Oe
Shorter Notes Misi bcte: Ri Secelcerasraee moma MiNi eee 63
Amorican Fern Sochety. ccc scsi encssinteceecenphopetinqeecyotenenrsenirntranstyren 68

VotuME 30, No. 3, Pages 73-104, IssuED OcToBER 2, 1940
Ferns and Fern Allies of South Carolina ............ V.D. Matthews 73
Hybrid between Polystichum Braunii and P. acrostichoides.

R. H. Thompson and R. L. Coffin 83

Ferns and Fern Allies of the Kutztown-Fleetwood Area, Penn-
sylvania C. DL. ber 89
Pilularia in Texas . C. La Motte 99
Recent Fern Litésatare 102
Shorter Notes
American Fen Society

VotumE 30, No. 4, Paces 105-144, ISSUED JanuARY 10, 1941

Arkansas Pteridophyta, .-.cccccccococsceesssesssnnenennentneicesteetene D. M. - Moo re 105
Ferns and Fern Allies of South Carolina ..

A Summer in Northern Europe -...ccccececscseecsineeenseeetsseenee oa G. Rugg 129
Recent Fern Literitire 205.000 132
Shorter Notes sviunnmnnstnnnnntmennin 136
American Fern Society ............ . 138

Trndex: G0: Volt 0 i piacere tarts 140

Vol, 30 January-March, 1940 No. I

American Sern Journal

A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS
Published by the

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY

wa
C. A. WEATHERBY
R. C. BENEDICT W. R. MAXON
cd
CONTENTS :
Adventures in Fern Collecting—IIL J. PatMex 1

Ferns of the Kilauea-Mauna Loa Section of the Hawaii
National Park R. L. Fowten 9
A new Philippine Isoetes...E. D. Mensitt, ano L, M. Peney 18
A Senn ee Hyer nes ee ete Carona ae
D. 8. Connrut 21

Shorter Notes: Two Serax mew to ‘Kentucky; North- 2
ward Extension of Range for Hypolepis repens; Fertile

Sess iaceomiaaseests

The American Hern Horiety
Conunril for 1940

OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR
7 T. CLAUSEN, Bailey Hortorium, Ithaca, N. Y.....Prest sident

nox EWAN, Boulder, Colorado .-cccrecrecessnsseenrresmssennen Vice- sbeebs:
Mrs. Evsrz Gipson WHuiITNEY, Albany, N. etary
Henry K. SvENSON, Brooklyn Botanic Geen: Brooklyn, N. see

OFFICIAL ORGAN

American Fern Journal
EDITORS
C. A. WEATHERBY .oocccccvnuee 27 Raymond St., Cambridge, Mass.
R. C. Benevicr 1819 Dorchester Road, Brooklyn, N. Y.
We ASN ni. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

An illustrated msprndenns 3 devoted to the general study of ferns.
eee $1.25 per year, foreign, 10 eents extra; sent free
vers of the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY (annual dues,
#15 - oon life membership, $25.00), Extracted reprints, if ordered in
advanee, will be furnished authors at cont. They should be ordered
when proof is

Volume I, six numbers, $2.00; other volumes $1.25 each. - _—

hock numhers 35 cents each. Yol. 1, No. 3; vol. ILI, nos. 2,3 and

4; and vol. IV, no. 1, cannot be supplied pee with —
mes. en per eent. — seount to members and institutions

orders of six volumes or m

ad for publication should be addressed to C, A. WEATHERBY,
ymond St., Cambridge, Mass.
"dee for back numbers and other business communications
should be addressed to ‘Treasurer of the Society

LIBRARIAN |
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CURATOR oF = SEE ee

American Fern Journal

Vou. 30 JANUARY—MarcuH, 1940 No. 1

Adventures in Fern Collecting—III
ERNEstT J. PALMER

If you are interested in the study of ferns or of any
other group of plants as a hobby, there are many advan-
tages to the plan of selecting some definite local area and
of concentrating on it until you become quite familiar
with it and with its flora. For the amateur who has little
time or opportunity for travel this plan affords the best
and almost the only way of accomplishing something
worthwhile and of permanent value. For if you are truly
interested and inspired by a love of the work, you may
well in time become an authority on the ferns or flora of
your locality and may be able to make a contribution of
real value to the subject.

It is almost certain, however, if you have the spirit and
enthusiasm of the true botanist or naturalist, that your
interests will grow and be extended in time to other
groups and into wider fields. The intimate knowledge
of some local area and flora will be an asset of the greatest
value in carrying on such work no matter how far you go.

The unit usually chosen for exploration in the eastern
states is the town, and in the West with its wider open
spaces and wider ambitions, a county may be taken on.
There is no rule, and since you will not be required to pay
by the acre for the area you select, your own energy and
opportunity for exploiting it will set the only limit to
your possessions

[Volume 29, No. 4 of the Journat, pages 125-162, plates 10 and
11, was issued Jan. 19, 1940.]

bo

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

After selecting an area you will soon begin to feel a
sort of proprietorship in it. Your interest in it is a very
real and indisputable one so far as enjoying the fruits
of your quest are concerned. It matters not in whose
names the titles to the lands are recorded ; the harvest of
knowledge and of pleasure that they yield is all yours,
though like any other harvest it can only be enjoyed to
the full by sharing it with others. And if you tend it
well, your returns may be very much more worth while
than anything the legal owners who pay the taxes and
keep up the fences and trespass signs get out of it. The
last-mentioned improvement may sometimes prove a hin-
drance, but usually there is enough wild land and enough
tolerance on the part of owners to allow a wide oppor-
tunity.

Having fixed in mind the limits of your claim, there are
various ways in which you may work it. The first and
most important thing is to get acquainted with the ferns
in their native haunts and to learn as much as possible
about their structure, life history and requirements. This
is a large order and it cannot be carried out at once. It
will entail long tramps and hard climbs and finding your
way where no paths run into remote glens and hollows or
perhaps through swamps and along mountain sides where
only wild creatures or the wild men who hunt them have
been before. Notes should be made on each species as it
is found in the field, and an herbarium of pressed and
dried specimens may be made as an aid to more careful
and leisurely study and as a permanent record. The
specimens should be carefully labeled and mounted on
cards or in a book. If you are skilful with a camera or
with a pencil, a collection of photographs or of sketches
showing the different ferns as they grow in their natural
surroundings will be of permanent value. An even better
plan, if you have the time and industry and are fortunate

ADVENTURES IN FERN COLLECTING 3

enough to have a suitable place, is to start a fern garden.
Most of the native species can be transplanted and grown
in a specially constructed garden, but to do this success-
fully requires a good deal of work as well as knowledge
of the special requirements of the different species. To
dig up ferns indiscriminately and carry them away to be
set in a city garden where they receive little care and
where most of them have little chance to live is not only
useless labor but it is bad farming and base vandalism.

Ferns were the first group of plants in which I became
interested from the botanical standpoint, and while it was
not long until my ambition broadened to include the gen-
eral flora, they have never ceased to interest me, and for
many years I found great pleasure in their quest and
study and in adding to the list in the county where I lived.

The field of this early exploration was Jasper County,
in southwestern Missouri, a county bordering on Kansas
and only the third north of the Arkansas line. The
county is rectangular in shape and approximately thirty
miles long from east to west and twenty miles wide. It is
part of the dissected plain on the west side of the Ozark
uplift. Several small rivers and creeks, most of them
fed by springs, traverse it from east to west, and some of
the larger ones have cut wide alluvial valleys through the
strata of limestone and chert of the Mississippian series
that underlie most of the area. These rocks are exposed
in perpendicular bluffs along the streams and sometimes
on hillsides where the thin mantle of residual soil has been
removed by erosion. Part of the uplands was originally
prairie while the valleys were heavily wooded with a
deciduous forest, most of which has been cleared away.
Much of the high broken land along the streams is still
covered with a somewhat stunted growth of oak and
hickory. The elevation ranges from about 825 to 1175
feet above sea-level. The annual rainfall is approxi-

4 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

mately 40 inches, rather unevenly distributed and with
frequent droughts in summer. The conditions in this
area, as throughout the Middle-west generally, are not
favorable for most sorts of ferns, and they play a much
less conspicuous part in the flora than they do in the
eastern states. Most of the species found are of small
size and are restricted to very limited areas along rocky
bluffs or wooded hillsides or the margins of streams and
springs. The tall rank growths of swamp and bog ferns
that are so conspicuous all over New England are entirely
absent, and only one palustral species, the sensitive fern
(Onoclea sensibilis), has been found in the county.
_ The first year of exploring and collecting resulted in

the discovery of about a dozen species of ferns and two
scouring rushes. Most of these were fairly abundant and
well distributed over the county with the exception of the
woolly lip-fern (Cheilanthes Feei) and the powdery cloak-
fern (Notholaena dealbata), which were found only in a
few places along rocky cliffs. After this the interest In-
creased and the real fun and adventure of hunting for
additional species and rarities began. A rarity in a local
flora need not be so everywhere. A fern that is abundant
or really common in some sections may become rare on the
border of its range and its discovery may be a great oc-
casion. The walking-leaf fern that is regarded as a prize
in most parts of New England is one of our commonest
species, while the cosmopolitan bracken is rare and only a
few plants of it were found at two stations in the county.
Additions to my list in the second year were the ternate
grape-fern (Botrychium dissectum var. obliquum), very
local and rare in rich woods, the hairy lip fern (Chet-
lanthes lanosa), and the rock selaginella (Selaginella
_ rupestris). The last two were found together in a little

chert glade of a few acres to which they are limited.

I had looked up in manuals and lists all of the ferns

P

se a

ADVENTURES IN FERN COLLECTING 5

that there seemed any likelihood or possibility of finding
in the area. Among these were the sensitive fern, beech-
fern, adder’s-tongue and quillwort, besides a number of
others that need not be mentioned since they were never
found.

It is surprising how difficult it is to see an inconspicuous
plant when you are not familiar with it nor with the pre-
cise conditions under which it grows. The story of how
I first found Engelmann’s adder’s-tongue, after searching
vainly for it for several years, within half a mile of my
home and in a spot where I had often collected before, was
told in a previous issue of the Fern JourNAL.’ But it is
a somewhat surprising sequel to add that a few years later
I also found Isoetes Butleri growing in the same little
glade. However, I did not discover it there until I had
made its acquaintance in another part of the county. One
day while collecting along Spring River I crossed one of
the little glades that are typical of the limestone outerops.
In one of the shallow depressions where water accumulates
in rainy seasons I happened to notice what appeared to
be a small sterile sedge. As it looked unfamiliar, I
stopped to investigate and on pulling up a plant I at once
recognized it as Isoetes from the swollen base. Another
— species, Isoetes melanopoda, was found later in a spring
at the edge of the little chert glade where the lip-fern and
Selaginella grew.

Plants are no respecters of political boundaries, espe-
cially where these are arbitrary straight lines, as is usual
in most parts of the West. In Newton County, just south
of our southern boundary, there is a much moré extensive
exposure of the chert formation than the one to the north
on which the quillwort and other interesting plants are
found. Shoal Creek has cut a channel for some distance

1 Ophioglossum Engelmanni in Missouri, Vol. IV, pp. 66-68.
1914,

6 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

through this hard formation, which is exposed as bluffs 4
and ledges along its course, and as glades above the river —

and along its tributaries. Many strange plants are found
here and the Cheilanthes, Selaginella and Isoetes are
more abundant than in Jasper County. On one occasion
while collecting here in company with B. F. Bush I
climbed down below a ledge and was delighted to discover
a fine growth of the marginal shield fern, a species I had
never before seen in the region. I called excitedly to Mr.

Bush who was above, but before he reached me I had also ~

found the maiden-hair spleenwort growing in clefts of the

rock. A few years later I found near the same place a ~

few plants of the gray polypody (Polypodium polypodi-
oides) in dry clefts along a high ledge. None of these
ferns have been found in Jasper County.

The beech fern (Dryopteris hexagonoptera) had also
appeared tantalizingly near the southern boundary, where
I had found it growing on a wooded hillside just south of
Joplin and scarcely half a mile over the line. As this

species was not so likely to be restricted by ecological con- —

ditions as those found on the chert, I felt that there should
be a good chance of finding it somewhere in the county.
By the elimination of thoroughly explored places I de-

cided that the most promising section lay in the eastern —
part of the county along Center Creek where there was —

some wooded country that I had never visited. So one
day I set out early to look for it there. I walked many
miles along the creek and found a number of interesting
plants and most of the familiar ferns, Several times I

saw ferns at a little distance that I thought might be the
one I was seeking, but on a closer inspection they proved —
to be the rattlesnake fern. About noon I came to the

place where a little spring brook joined the ereek, and om
a bank just above it the little beech fern was growing im
abundance.

res *

I greeted it as a long-sought friend, and —

ADVENTURES IN FERN COLLECTING 7

after admiring it sufficiently I sat down in a beautiful
shaded spot to eat my lunch. Presently I decided to go
further up the brook to look for the head of the spring
and get a cool drink. I had not gone far when I came
to a place where the brook spread out into a little bogey
area, and there to my delight and surprise I found two or
three fine clumps of the lady-fern (Athyrium angustum
var. rubellum), a plant that I had never before seen any-
where near that region. This trip also resulted in the dis-
covery of several other plants new to my general list and
it could be considered one of the most successful day’s
works that I can recall from the standpoint of local eol-
lecting.

A list of the ferns found in Jasper County up to that
time was included in a general catalogue of the flora?
published in 1916, but as there have been several additions
and changes in name a revised list is given below.

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE

BorrycHium virernianum (L.) Sw. Abundant in rich
woods and along banks of streams.

BorrYCHIUM DISSECTUM var. OBLIQUUM (Muhl.) Clute.
Rare in rich woods.

OPHIOGLOssUM ENGELMANNI Prantl. Locally abundant,
growing in large colonies in glades and on exposed
limestone ledges.

POLYPODIACEAE

ONOCLEA SENSIBILIS .L. Local at a few stations in boggy
ground about springs.

Woopsia optusa (Spreng.) Torr. Common along par-
tially shaded rocky ledges.

-CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS (L.) Bernh. Common in rich
woods and along moist alluvial banks.

? Catalogue of the Plants of Jasper County, Missouri, Ann. Mo.
Bot. Gard., Vol. III, pp. 345-401. 1916.

8 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS f, SIMULANS Weatherby. Frequent
in wet crevices and clefts of limestone cliffs. 4

POLYSTICHUM ACROSTICHOIDES (Michx.) Schott. Common
along wooded bluffs and hillsides.

DRYOPTERIS HEXAGONOPTERA (Michx.) Christens. Local
along spring brook in eastern part of the county.

ATHYRIUM ANGUSTUM var, RUBELLUM (Gilbert) Butters.
Rare and local along spring brook in eastern part of
county.

ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON (L.) Oakes. Common on rocky
wooded banks, usually in acid soils.

ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON f, SERRATUM (E. S. Miller)
R. Hoffman. Rare, with the typical form.

ASPLENIUM RESILIENS Kunze. Locally abundant in clefts
of limestone bluffs along the larger streams.

CAMPTOSORUS RHIZOPHYLLUS (L.) Link. Common on
mossy rocks and cliffs along the larger streams.
AEA ATROPURPUREA (Li.) Link.- Common on lime-
stone ledges and cliffs,

HEILANTHES LANOSA (Michx.) Watt. Local among rocks
in a chert glade along Turkey Creek, near Joplin.

CHEILANTHES FEEI Moore. Locally abundant in clefts
of limestone cliffs at several stations along Spring ©
River and Center Creek.

NOTHOLAENA DEALBATA (Pursh) Kunze. Loeally abun-
dant in clefts of limestone cliffs along the larger
streams. :

ADIANTUM PEDATUM I, Common in rich woods and on .
alluvial banks,

PTERIDIUM LATIUSCULUM (Desv.) Hieron. Rare and local —
in dry open woods near Carthage and Webb City.

EQUISETACEAE

EQUISETUM ARVENsE L, Common along banks of streams.
EQUISETUM ARVENSE f. NEMOROsUM A. Br. Rarely found —
with the typical form,

Ferns or KinAuvea-Mauna Loa 9

EQUISETUM HYEMALE var. RopusTUM (A. Br.) A. A. Eaton.

Common along margins of streams.
ISOETACEAE

IsorTes BuTuert Engelm. Local in temporarily wet de-
pressions of limestone glades.

ISOETES MELANOPODA J. Gay. Rare and local in spring at
edge of chert glade near Joplin.

SELAGINELLACEAE

SELAGINELLA RUPESTRIS (L.) Spring. Very local but
abundant in chert glade along Turkey Creek, near
Joplin.

ARNOLD ARBORETUM

Annotated List of Ferns of the Kilauea-Mauna Loa
ection of Hawaii National Park!

Rosert L. Fow Ler

The Kilauea-Mauna Loa section of Hawaii National
Park is located on the southeast side of the Island of
Hawaii. It embraces an area of approximately 307
square miles of mountainous country which extends in a
northerly direction from sea-level to the summit of
Mauna Loa, 13,680 feet elevation. The diversified topog-
raphy and wide range in elevation produce marked local
differences in precipitation and in temperature. Freez-
ing temperatures seldom occur below 4,500 feet elevation
but are common higher up on Mauna Loa. The heaviest
rainfall (80-100 inches) occurs in the region to the
northeast of Kilauea Crater (4,090 feet), and the oo
(15-20 inches) oceurs in the southwest, Kau D
Because of the wide range in elevation, various expo-
sures, and extremes of aridity and moisture, the Kilauea-
Manua Loa section supports a wide variety of ferns.

1 Contribution no. 120 from the Department of Botany, Univer-
sity of Nebraska.

10 AMERICAN FERN JouRNAL

a

During the summer of 1937, the writer collected 60
species of ferns and their allies. Degener (1932) reports
6 more, which make a total of 66 species within the Park.
Of these, 29 are believed to be endemic to the Islands.
Ten additional species have been reported from contigu-
ous areas and may range into the Park. The list which
follows is probably not complete, as further surveys may
add additional species.

Grateful acknowledgment is made to Mr. S. H. Lamb, ~
U.S. Biological Survey, for assistance in the preparation —
of the manuscript, and to Dr. H. L. Lyon, Director of —
the Hawaiian Sugar Planters Association, for identifica-
tion of material,

OPHIOGLOSSACEAE

OPHIOGLOssuM concINNUM Brack. Pololei. Rare; in
earthquake cracks near rim of Halemaumau, appearing
after spring rains.

OPHIOGLossuM falcatum (Presl), n. comb. Ophio-
derma pendulum B falcatum Presl, Abh. Béhm. Ges.
Wiss. ser. 5, 4: 315 (1845) repr. (Suppl. Tent. Pterid.)
56. Reported by Degener.

OPHIOGLOssuM PENDULUM L. Laukahi. Not common.
Epiphyte on trees near Keanakakoi and Makaopuhi
Craters. The Hawaiians prepared an infusion from this
Species which they used as a cough remedy. |

GLEICHENIACEAR

GLEICHENIA EMARGINATA (Brack.) Moore. Uluhe, —
False Staghorn Fern. Endemic. G. dichotoma Hooker,

Ferns or KinAvEA-Maunaéa Loa 11

CYATHEACEAE

CisoTiuM cHAMisso!I Kaulfuss. Hapuu, Tree Fern
Common in rain forest. The ramentum (‘‘pulu’’ of the
Hawaiians) was used in early days as a surgical dressing
and in mummifying the dead. Between 1851 and 1884,
pulu was used as a stuffing material for mattresses, pil-
lows and for upholstery purposes in California. At the
height of the industry in 1862, 738,064 pounds were ex-
ported from the Islands. The trunks of tree ferns are
rich in starch and during times of famine the Hawaiians
cooked this material for food.

Crsottum a@LAucuM (Smith) Hooker & Arnott.
Hapuu, Tree Fern. In dry, open places in Kipuka
Puaulu.

CrsoTiruM MENziEstt Hooker. Hapu Iii. Common in
rain forest. This species is the tallest of the tree ferns.
The pulu of this species was used by the Hawaiians in
the same way as that of Hapuu. The ferns are generally
about one foot in diameter and 12 feet high, although
they sometimes attain a diameter of 3 feet and a height
of 24 feet

HyYMENOPHYLLACEAE

HYMENOPHYLLUM LANCEOLATUM Hooker & Arnott.
Epiphyte; common in rain forest.

HYMENOPHYLLUM oBpTusuM Hooker & Arnott. Oc-
casional ; on moss-covered tree trunks in rain forest.

HyYMENOPHYLLUM RECURVUM Gaudichaud. Ohiaku.
Endemic. A very common fern on moss-covered trees
and damp rocks in rain forest.

TRICHOMANES DAVALLIOIDES Gaudichaud. Kilau. Com-
mon in damp woods and on shady cliffs.

POLYPODIACEAE

ADIANTUM CAPILLUS-VENERIS L. Iwaiwa, Maidenhair
Fern. Common on moist, rocky places at Hilina Pali.

12 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Stems were worked by Hawaiians into ornamental hats
and baskets. :
ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NickUM L. Iwaiwa. Common
in open dry places at elevations of 2800 to 7000 feet. :
__ASPLENIUM coNTIGUUM Kaulfuss. Possibly endemic.
Common in the rain forest. Fronds variable in size and
depth of lobing. :

ASPLENIUM LOBULATUM Mett. Piipiilau Manamana. :
Asplenium pseudofalcatum Hilleb. Very common in i
rain forest. Gemmae formation is common in this spe- —
cies and occasionally the fronds are forked. -

ASPLENIUM MACRAEI Hooker & Greville. Endemic. ;
Asplenium erectum var. macraet Hilleb. Occasional; in :
shady, rocky cliffs in Kipuka Puaulu. ;

ASPLENIUM NITDULUM Hilleb. Rare; in Kilauea fern
forest. Reported from vicinity of Byron Ledge by both —
Skottsberg and Degener. 4

ASPLENIUM RHIPIDONEURON Rob. Iwaiwa O Kane. (
Endemic. Asplenium furcatum Hilleb. Common in :
open, dry kipukas.

ASPLENIUM SPHENOLOBIUM var, DIPLAZIOSORUM Hierony- —
mus. Occasional; in moderately damp places at Hilina
Pali.

ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES I, Owalli, Maidenhair
Spleenwort. A common fern on dry, rocky soil at eleva-
tions of 3,000 to 8,000 feet.

ASPLENIUM UNILATERALE Lamarck. Pamoho. Asple-
mium resectum Smith. Not very common, found on
shady, wet cliffs in First Twin Crater. :

THYRIUM POIRETIANUM (Gaudichaud) Presl. En- —
demic. Asplenium aspidioides of Hilleb., not Schlecht.
Asplenium multisectum Brack. In very damp woods and
in wet craters.

CEROPTERIS OCHRACEA (Presl) Rob. Silver Fern. An
escape. Very common in the vicinity of steam cracks — E
throughout the Park. a

FerNs oF KmaAvEA-MAauna Loa 13

CONIOGRAMME PILOSA (Brack.) Hieronymus. Loulu.
Gymnogramme javanica of Hilleb., not Bl. Wet cliffs
at altitudes of 3,000 to 5,000 feet. Common in First
Twin Crater.

CYRTOMIUM CARYOTIDEUM (Wallich) Presl. Kaapeape.
Aspidium caryotideum Wallich. Occasional; along the
edge of lava flow which delimits Kipuka Puaulu.

DrPLAzZIUM SANDWICHIANUM (Presl) Diels. Endemic.
Asplenium sandwichianum Hooker. Common in shady,
moist localities, especially in craters.

DoryopTeris DECORA Brack. Endemic. Pteris decora
Hooker. Very common in lava cracks at Hilina Pali and
throughout Kau Desert.

DryoptTeris sp. Collected in a moderately dry hole
at Hilina Pali. Doctor Lyon writes that it is a new
arrival in the Hawaiian Islands and seems to be inter-
mediate between a South American and an Asiatic form.
He made his first and only collection near Hilo in 1919.

DrYOPTERIS CYATHEOWDES (Kaulf.) O. Kuntze. Kika-
waeo. Aspidium truncatum Gaud. Very common
throughout rain forest. The young shoots were eaten
either as a raw vegetable or were cooked with meat and
taro.

Dryopteris GLABRA (Brack.) O. Kuntze. Kilau. En-
demic. Aspidium glabrum Mett. Occasional, in open
forests. Fine specimens may be seen in Kipuka Puaulu.

DRYOPTERIS GLOBULIFERA (Brack.) O. Kuntze. Pala-
palai O Kaumaapua. Aspidium globuliferum Mann.
Common in the rain forest near Thurston’s Lava Tube.

DrYOPTERIS HAWAIENSIS (Hilleb.) Rob. Endemic.
Aspidium hawaiiense Hilleb. Open forest in Kipuka
Puaulu. Not common elsewhere.

DRYOPTERIS PALEACEA (Swartz) ©. Chr. Laukahi.
Aspidium filiz-mas var. parallelogrammum Kunze. Rare ;
found in open forest in Kipuka Puaulu.

Dryoprerts PARAsITICA (L.) O. Kuntze. Downy

14 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Woodfern. Common in shady, damp places at Hilina "
Pali and in the craters along the Chain of Craters’ Road. a

DRYOPTERIS STEGNOGRAMMOIDES (Baker) C. Chr. En- S
demic. Phegopteris polycarpa (Hooker & Arnott) Hilleb. 4
Common in shady, moist localities along the Kilauea Iki i
Trail.

DRYOPTERIS UNIDENTATA (Hooker & Arnott) C. Chr.
Akole. Endemic. Phegopteris wnidentata Mann. Found 7
only in a dry, rocky gulch near the Half Way House near q |
the Kau entrance. 4

ELAPHOGLOssUM CoNFoRME (Swartz) Schott. Ekaha, a
Maui’s Paddle. Acrostichum conforme Swartz. Com-
mon on rocks and trees in the rain forest at elevations —
of 1,000 to 4,500 feet.

ELAPHOGLOSSUM HIRTUM (Swartz) C. Chr. Ekaha.
Acrostichum squamosum of Hilleb., not Sw. Common
on the trunks of Ohia trees (Metrosideros collina var.
polymorpha) and on exposed ridges at elevations of 3,000 a
to 4,000 feet. =

ELAPHOGLOSSUM MICRADENIUM (Fée) Moore. Maui's 7
Paddle, Ekaha. Epiphyte. Collected by Degener in —
woods near Waldon Ledge.

ELAPHOGLOSSUM — RETICULATUM (Kaulfuss) Gaud.
Ekaha. Endemic. Acrostichum reticulatum Kaulfuss.
Common on rocks and trees in the rain forest.

MICROLEPIA sTRIGOSA (Thunberg) Presl. Palapalai.
Common on moderately moist soil and on the outskirts .
of woods.

NEPHROLEPIS EXALTATA (L.) Schott. Sword Fern,
Okupukupu. Common throughout the humid regions of
the Park and in the Vicinity of steam cracks near
Kilauea. <A variable species,

PELLAEA TERNIFOLIA (Cavanilles) Link. Cliff Brake,
Laukahi. Very common in arid regions of the Park
from Hilina Pali to an elevation of about 9,500 feet.

See ee ee e

Ferns or KimAugeA-Mauna Loa a6

PouLYpopDIUM HOOKERI Brack. Hooker’s Polypody.
Common epiphyte throughout rain forest.

PoLYPODIUM HYMENOPHYLLOWES Kaulfuss. Pai. En-
demic. Epiphyte in rain forest at elevations of 3,000 to
4,000 feet.

PoLYPODIUM LINEARE Thunberg. Ekaha Akolea. Phy-
matodes elongata (Kaulfuss) Rob. A common species
found growing on trees and rocks throughout the Park.
Fronds occasionally forked.

PoLYpopIuM PELLUCIDUM Kaulfuss. Ae, Pellucid Poly-
pody. Endemic. Common in open woods near Kilauea
and along the Chain of Craters’ Road. Commonly an
epiphyte in rain forest.

PoLYPoDIUM PSEUDOGRAMMITIS Gaudichaud. Kolokolo.
Endemic. A very common epiphyte in rain forest.

Pouypopium saFrorpit Maxon. Kihi. Endemic. P.
serrulatum of Hilleb., not (Sw.) Mett. Occasional; on
moss-covered tree trunks in rain forest.

PouypopIUM SARMENTOSUM Brack. Endemic. Com-
mon epiphyte in rain forest.

PoLypopIUuM TAMARISCINUM Kaulfuss. Wahine Noho
Mauna, ‘‘The Mistress of the Mountain.”’ Endemic.
Epiphyte; common in rain forest.

Prermium aquiinum (L.) Kuhn. Bracken, Kilau.
Pteris aquilina L. Common in the drier regions of the
Park from Hilina Pali to an elevation of approximately
9,000 feet.

Preris cretica L. Owalii, Cretan Brake. Occasional;
found in Kipuka Puaulu, First Twin Crater, along the
Sandalwood trail and Kilauea Iki trail.

TERIS EXCELSA Gaudichaud. Waimakanui. Occasi-
onal; found in open forests of Kipuka Puaulu.

Preris toncirouia L. Long-leaved Brake. Common
in vicinity of steam cracks near Kilauea, and along the
road by the Chain of Craters.

SADLERIA CYATHEOIDES Kaulfuss. Amaumau. Widely

16 AmerIcAN Fern JOURNAL

distributed in the Park, occurring in both wet and dry | |
habitats. The Hawaiians prepared a red dye from the |
outer part of the trunk which they used in dyeing kapa.
SADLERIA HILLEBRANDII Rob. Amau. Endemic. Com-
mon in humid regions near Kilauea. The leaves were
occasionally used in lining and thatching houses. The
young leaves and pith of the stems were cooked for food.
SPHENOMERIS CHUSANA (L.) Copeland. Palaa. Odon-
tosoria chinensis (.) J. Smith. Microlepia tenwifolia
Mettenius. Common at Hilina Pali and in the vicinity
of steam cracks near Kilauea. A red dye was prepared
from the leaves. ,

LYCopopIACEAE

Lycopopium cerNuuM Ll. Wawaeiole, Clubmoss. Very
common in open places throughout the eastern half of
the Park, frequently forming dense thickets with Gleiche-
nia emarginata. Degener reports that Hawaiians suf-
fering from rheumatism bathed in water in which
Wawaeiole had been boiled for three hours.

_ Lycopoprum puynitantHum Hooker & Arnott. Club-
moss, Wawaeiole. Occasional; found on moss-covered
trees near Napau Crater.

LycopopIuM poLyTRICHoIES Kaulfuss. Wawaeiole.
Endemic. Occasional; found on moss-covered trees near
Napau Crater. |

LycopopIuM vENUSTULUM Gaudichaud. Wawaeiole.

Endemic. Common prostrate fern along the Napau Cra-
ter Trail.

PSILOTACEAE
PSILOTUM COMPLANATUM Swartz. Moa.
on trees in rain forest.
PsILoTUM NupUM (L.) Grisebach. Moa, Pipi, Psilo-
tum. P. triquetrum Swartz. Common on trees and rocks
in the drier regions of the Park below 4,500 feet. Babies

Oceasional ;

Ferns oF KimaAvuEeA-MAunA Loa 17

suffering from ‘‘thrush’’ or ‘‘ea’’ were given a tea pre-
pared from Moa. Powdered sporangia were used on skin
inflammation caused by wearing the ‘‘malo’’ or loin cloth.
Moa was used by the Hawaiians in a game called ‘‘fight-
ing cock.”’
SELAGINELLACEAE

SELAGINELLA ARBUSCULA (Kaulfuss) Spring. Selagin-
ella. Endemic. Occasional; in rain forest near Makao-
puhi and Napu Craters.

SELAGINELLA MENZIES (Hooker & Greville) Spring.
Occasional ; in rain forest near Napau Crater.

SPECIES REPORTED FROM AREAS ADJACENT TO THE PARK
Aspleniwm contiguum var. laciniatum Hilleb. — ey sladero

Diplazium arnottiit Brack. wler
Dryopteris keraudreniana (Gaud.) C. Chr. ae cr Pisce
Elaphoglossum gorgoneum Kaulfuss fe ‘¢ Degener
Gleichenia glauca 0 T me ** Degener
Gleichenia linearis Clarke re **¢ Degener
Lycopodium serratum Thunberg ie ‘* Degener
Marattia douglasii etng! Baker 2s *¢ Fowler
Trichomanes bauerianum Endl. $* ** Degener
Pteris irregularis Kaulfuss is ** Degener

BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bailey, Edward. Hawaiian Ferns, A Synopsis. Honolulu. 1883.
Christensen, Carl. Index Filicum. 1906.
Christensen, Carl. Revised List of Haw. laren olgproreaze Aue Bull.
No. 25. B. i. mes lp a Honol
ee ae a Haw with diss po time to
time as patios pensar ted. 1932.
Degexer. Fab Plants Hawaii ob tional come Honolulu Star
i n 1930.

gS
Lyons, rs B. Artificial Key to the Genera and — of Hawaiian
Ferns. Thrum’s Hawaiian Annual.
MacCaughey, Praga A Survey of the tele Land Flora.
Bot. Gaz. 64: 89-114. 1917.

18 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Pteridophytes. Jour. Ecol. 6: 199-219, 5
Robinson, W. J, Taxonomic Study of the Pteridophytes of the
Hawaiian Islands. Bul. Torrey Bot. Club, Vols, 39, 40, and
41. 1912-1914.
Skottsberg, C. Vascular Plants from the Hawaiian Islands. I and
II Sartryck ur Meddelanden fran Goteborgs Botaniska Trad-
d xX

gar .
Yates, Lorenzo G. Notes on Hawaiian Ferns. Santa Barbara,
California. 1887.

DEPARTMENT or Botany, University or NEBRASKA,
LINCOLN.

A New Philippine Isoetes
E. D. Merriuu anp L. M. Perry

In a collection of Philippine botanical material recently
received from Mr. A. Lynn Zwickey, the apparently new
Isoetes, described below, was noted. What is of even
greater interest than the discovery of an undescribed
species in this small group is the fact that this is the
first record of the occurrence of a representative of the
family in the Philippines; for, in the vast expanse of the
Malay Archipelago, including the Philippines, but a

single species was hitherto known, Isoetes neoguineensis —

Baker, from the high mountains of New Guinea.
an Alderwerelt van Rosenburgh,! in his comprehen-
Sive treatment of the Fern Allies of Malaysia in 1915,
indicated in his key to the families and genera: ‘‘Is0o-
BTACEAE; not in Malaya.’’ Ridley’s? later treatment of
1Van Alderwerelt van Rosenburgh, C. W. R. K. Malayan Fern
Allies. Handbook to the determination of the fern allies of the
Malayan Islands (inel. those of the Malay Peninsula, the Philip-

pines, and New Guinea), Pp. xvi+261. 1915.
* Ridley, HN. The Fern Allies and Characeae of the Malay

Peninsula. Jour. Straits Branch Roy. As. Soe. 80: 139-164. 1919.

A New PuHtippiIne [SoETES 19

the Fern Allies and Characeae of the Malay Peninsula
included no Isoetes. And very recently, Backer & Post-
humus,’ in an extensive study of the Ferns and Fern
Allies of Java, make no mention of Isoetes in Java. Van
Steenis,* in his interesting paper on the origin of the
mountain flora of Malaysia, noted the paucity of the rep-
resentatives of this group in the Old World tropics thus:
**Ca 62 species throughout the world except the Pacific
Islands, in Malaysia only 1 species,’’ 7.e., the Papuan J.

MACROSPORES OF ISOETES PHILIPPINENSIS.

neoguineensis Baker. It may be of some interest to note
that, in spite of the vast amount of field work accomplished
in China in the past century, only two species of the
genus have been described from that region : I. hypsophila
Handel-Mazzetti, the type-material collected by himself in
northern Yunnan in 1915; and J. sinensis Palmer based
on material collected by Merrill and Steward, near Nan-
king, in 1922. A brief summary of the characters of the
Philippine species follows:

Isoetes philippinensis, sp. nov. § Reticulatae Pfeiffer.

Planta aquatica (cormo verisimiliter 3—4-lobato) ;
foliis numerosis, elongatis (usque ad 50 em. oe gra-
cilibus, subflaccidis, in medio longitudinis 3 mm. latis,

8 Backer, OC. A., and Posthumus, O. Varenflora voor Java. Pp.
xlvii + 370, 81 figs. 1939

4 Van Steenis, C. G. G. J. On the origin of the Malaysian moun-
tain flora. Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenz. III. 13: 169. 1934.

20 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

destitutis, basi + membranaceo-alatis ; _vaginae ari
bus hyalino-membranaceis, 3-4 em. longis, ron (%, 2
mm. latis), sursum gradatim angustatis ; ligula elongata, 7
triangulari-ovata ; velo nullo ; Sporangio oblongo 35 4a
longo, 3 mm. lato, pallido ; macrosporis diametro 3 ll
(av. 4

Philippine Islands, Mindanao, Lanao Provinee, Maro
of Olangu, near Momungan, Zwickey 776 (TYPE in a
Herbarium, isotype in the herbarium of the University
of Michigan), November 18, 1938, floor of a spring stream,
400-500 m. alt. ; aquatic, leaves eaten (?). Native name
y Kabauingbauing”’ (Lan.).

the faces, and the micro

ARNOLD ARBORETUM

spores are smooth.

__—s

eS. Te) oe eee!

ee a ee ee eee eC

TaN Wes ee 8,

ae

HyMENOPHYLLUM IN SoutH CAROLINA 21

A Trip to a Station for Hymenophyllum in
South Carolina

DONOVAN S. CoRRELL

My first trip into the mountains of South Carolina in
search of filmy ferns, which at the time weret rumored
to be growing there, was made during August, 1937, with
Lane Barksdale. We botanized along the Keowee River
and some of its tributaries in the vicinity of Jocassee in
Pickens County. While in this interesting region we
travelled for a number of miles through dense, humid
forests, traversed many ravines whose banks were cov-
ered with the once mythical Shortia galacifolia T. &
and forded deep and swiftly flowing streams in some of
the gorges which are so numerous in the Southern Appa-
lachians of South Carolina. We found many interesting
species of ferns and flowering plants and an abundance of
liverworts and mosses covering the rock ledges and rock
faces which we examined, but not a vestige of filmy fern
could we find.

During the intervening months a number of explora-
tions were made in this region by various botanists, among
whom were Dr. E. T. Wherry and Mr. J. E. Benedict, Jr.
All of these forays were made in vain.

In June, 1939, Dr. Wherry, Mr. Benedict and I decided
to turn our attention to several large streams in the north-
ern part of Pickens County after having eliminated the
previously explored areas. We sought out the most in-
teresting and likely stream to follow. After travelling
for some little distance in comparatively flat country, all
the while following a cold mountain stream which at times
had to be waded, we began to climb gradually. As we
progressed, the water seemed to be falling more rapidly

1See Mary S. Taylor, Filmy Ferns in South Carolina, Journ.
Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. 54: 345-348. 1938.

e2 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

and the going became more difficult. The plants, too,
became more interesting as we climbed. The terrain,
though facing directly south, showed evidence of sup-
porting a vegetation which exhibited northern affinities
rather than southern.

After we had walked for about two miles we heard in
the distance a low rumbling as of water falling from some
little height. Our pace and eagerness were accelerated
as the sound of the rushing and falling water increased.
We came abruptly upon a series of small waterfalls, above
which was a narrow, deep flume. Towering above the
flume were perpendicular faces of granite-gneiss. The
west side of the stream was flanked by a precipitous wall
which was moist below but rather dry near the summit.
There were several small tributaries on the northeast side
of the stream just above the flume which fell in small tor-
rents over the bare rocks from the Steep slopes above. I
climbed up two of these streams which were densely
shaded by Rhododendron thickets and observed luxuriant
growths of mosses and liverworts along their banks. The
continued and rapid fall of the water from these small
streams, together with that of the larger falls at and
below the flume, created a constant spray which kept the
air cool and moist. This condition, continuing through-
out the year, evidently tends to maintain a comparatively

A number of moss and ]

iverwort collections were obtained .
from the locality.

1 The writer’s collection numbers,

HYMENOPHYLLUM IN SouTH CAROLINA 20

The Hymenophyllum colony at this station is definitely
protected from excessive cold since it not only has a south-
erly exposure but the gorge makes an abrupt westerly
bend several hundred feet above the flume, thus creating
a barrier from the northern winds by its precipitous
slopes. The abrupt bend gives the gorge a dead-end
appearance so that when the waterfalls and flume are
approached from the south the gorge appears to end
abruptly against a high wall.

Dr. Wherry succeeded in taking two photographs of the
Hymenophyllum which are published herein, plates 1
and 2. Plate 1 gives a general idea of the habitat, a ver-
tical face of granite-gneiss; plate 2 shows a near view
of the fern.

During the entire trip along the stream we saw on
nearly all sides tremendous rock ledges and barefaced
rocks, many of which were moist from continual seepage.
Numerous swiftly flowing tributaries fed the stream from
all directions. Upon following several of these streams
away from the main gorge, we found them to lead into
deep, narrow valleys which were sheltered, similarly to
the one we had been following, by steep mountain slopes.

We were so interested in looking for the Hymenophyl-
lum that very little attention was given to the general
vegetation. However, as stated above, the species of
plants observed exhibited northern affinities, correspond-
ing with the vegetation generally found at much higher
altitudes. Such species of ferns as Aspleniwm platy-
neuron (li.) Oakes (#11025), Cystopteris fragilis var.
protrusa Weatherby (£11020) and Dryopteris spinulosa
var. intermedia (Muhl.) Underw. (#11024) were seen
quite often, and the interesting and rather rare Hydrangea
radiata Walt. (3£11019) was found near the station.

The moss and liverwort specimens which were collected
at the Hymenophyllum station were identified by Drs.

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL ToL : 30

» ny
, PLATE 1

Viy MENOPHYLLUM TUN BRIPDGENSE I~ Sou Tr CAROLINA, HABITAT VIEW.

a

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 30, PLATE 2

HYMENOPHYLLUM TUNBRIDGENSE IN SouTH CAROLINA, NEAR VIEW OF THE PLANTS,

26 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

L. E. Anderson and H. L. Blomquist, respectively. Ac-
cording to Dr. Anderson, all but one of the mosses were of
northern affinity, this beg Syrrhopodon texanus Sull.
(#10981) which is common in Florida and is found along
the coastal region west to Texas and in the east to Long
Island. This is perhaps the first collection reported from
the mountains of South Carolina. Another species,
Plagiothecium subfalcatum Aust. (3410992), whose range
was thought to be from the mountains of New Jersey to
Vermont and New Hampshire, west to Missouri, was also
collected. This is the southernmost station for this spe-
cies. Dr. Anderson had previously collected this species
in North Carolina at the Cascades, Moore’s Springs.
Other mosses which I collected at the station, all of
which exhibit northern affinities, were: Eurhynchium rus-
ciforme (Neck.) Milde. (#11007), Fissidens osmundoides
Hedw. (#11001), Hookeria acutifolia Hook. (311003),
Hygroamblystegium irriguum (Wils.) Loeske (310988,
in part), Hypnum molluscum Hedw. (311018), Leuco-

bryum glauceum (Hedw.) Schimp. (411005), Mniwm —

affine ciliare (Grev.) C.M. (#10994), Plagiothecium den-
ticulatum (Hedw.) B.S.G. (#11014), P. turfaceum
(Lindb.) Lindb. (3411006), Porotrichum alleghaniensé
(C.M.) Grout (#11008), Sciaromium Lescurii (Sull.)
Broth. (#11009), Sematophyllum carolinianum (C.M.)
E.G.B. (310983) and Thuidiwm delicatulum (Hedw.)
Mitt. (3410998). :

Some of the most interesting and important collections
of liverworts found at the station were: Dumortiera hir-
suta (Sw.) Reinw. (#10990), Jubula pennsylvanica
(Steph.) Evans (#10997), Metzgeria myriopoda Lindb.
(#10986), Radula Sullivantii Aust. (#10996), Riccardia
smuata var. major (Lindb.) MacV. (4£10989) and Tricho-
colea tomentella (Ehrh.) Dumort. (411002).

Drs. Anderson and A. J. Sharp later visited the station
and found Hygrohypnum alpestre (Hedw.) Loeske, a Tr

Ae Sore 3
2 OG yee tee a ame pA fl

SHorter Nores 27

markable find since the moss had been known before only
from British Columbia, Alaska and Greenland. While at
the station, Dr. Anderson found the following mosses
growing with and among the Hymenophyllum plants :
Homalia Jamesii Schimp. (the southernmost station), Bar-
tramia pomiformis Hedw., Aulacomnium heterostichum
(Hedw.) B.S.G. and Mniwm hornum Hedw.

Judging from first-hand observation and the above data
it would seem that the gorge, although facing southward,
supports a northern type of vegetation. Also, since the
stream along which the Hymenophyllum grows rises in
the lower mountains of North Carolina, it is very probable
that after further exploration is undertaken H. tunbridg-
ense may be found in some similar situation in that state.

BoranicaL Museum, Harvarp UNIVERSITY

Shorter Notes

Two Ferns New to Kentucky.—In May, 1939, Dr.
L. H. Bailey and his daughter, Miss E. Z. Bailey, spen
several days botanizing in Kentucky. At Nazareth, in
Nelson County, they found a spontaneous growth of three
species of ferns in the bottom of an excavation, four to
five or more feet deep, below the glass-enclosed gymnasium
of Nazareth Junior College. Specimens taken were
placed on my table for identification. I determined these
as Dryopteris dentata (Forsk.) C. Chr., Pteris multifida
Poir. ex Lam., and Adiantum Capillus-Veneris L. Neither
the Dryopteris nor the Pteris were listed by MeCoy in his
paper on ‘‘The Ferns and Fern Allies of Kentucky’’ (Am.
Fern Jour. 28: 101-110, 1938), while the Adiantum was
definitely cited as at present only in Pulaski County.
Although these ferns probably will not persist at Naza-
reth, it seems worth while to put this occurrence on record.

28 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Specimens of all of the above are on file in the herbarium
of the Bailey Hortorium. Duplicate sheets of the Dry-
opteris will be sent to the United States National Her-
barium and the Gray Herbarium—Rosert T. CLAUSEN,
Bailey Hortorium, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York.

A Norrawarp Extension or RaNnee ror HyYPoLuepis
REPENS.—Although the spring fern, Hypolepis repens (L.)
Presl, has been known from Florida since 1895, only a
very few stations were known there for it for many years.
Recent investigations, however, have shown it to have
a fairly wide distribution in Central Florida. In Febru-
ary, 1938, the author found it at a location nearly one
hundred miles north of any other known station. At the
head of Gold Head Branch in Gold Head State Park in
Clay County, a small but thriving colony grows in the
seepage spring which is the source of the creek. The
habitat is under a broad-leaved hammock-type forest cover
and is exceptionally well protected, being deep in a steep
ravine. Additional specimens were found established on
a rotten log in the stream about a half mile below the
larger colony —Srernen H. Spurr, New Haven, Conn.

Fertix Scorr’s SpLEENwort.—At the field meeting of
the Fern Society at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Mrs. Alice
Miller found a plant of Scott’s Spleenwort which she
was allowed to dig up and bring home. She put it in
a terrarium, where, in a very short time, it began making
new plants at the tips of the fronds. She gave me tw?
of these small ferns which I also put into a terrarium.
They grew rapidly and not only produced plants at the
ends of fronds, but fruited heavily. As soon as I had
some ripe spores, I sowed them; they germinated readily
and gave me a great many plants. Since then I always

SHortTeR Novres 29

have some Scott’s coming along, as I sow spores every
year.

Also, I keep two or three mature plants in a terrarium
by themselves so that I may be sure of having spores.
These, of course, give new plants from the tips of their
fronds as well. They have sowed their own spores, so
that the soil in the terrarium has been covered with
prothallia.

I do not keep the old ferns in the terrarium longer
than two years. By that time, I feel, they need a rest,
so I take them to my garden as early in the spring as
possible. I have lost a great many of them. In fact,
last year (1937-38), is the first time I have brought any
Scott’s through a winter in my garden, in good condition.
Some have lived through the winter, but died early in
the spring. Last year I covered these plants with panes
of glass and over the glass I spread a thick mulch of pine-
needles. These three came through in fine condition
and have made good growth.

I have distributed Scott’s to quite a few people and
am glad to do so. However, I fear that most of them
have been lost, as I lost mine. I always send two or -
three plants to a person and advise that one be kept
under glass, to make sure of if, at least—Grace B.
GrirretH, Rochester, New York

30 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Recent Fern Literature

Maurice G. Brooks has produced a well-planned and
well-wrought fern flora of West Virginia. Under each
of the 76 species recorded from the state are given syno-
hyms, common name or names, an abridged description,
a detailed and careful statement of habitat—a feature
especially to be commended—general range, a list of
counties in the state in which the species in question has
been found, anda paragraph or two of discussion and
comment, often emphasizing points helpful to the inex-
perienced student of ferns. Sixteen plates illustrate tech-
nical terms and all the species of true ferns (not the fern
allies). The drawings, by A. 8. Margolin, are very good,
and they introduce what looks like a useful innovation.
Certain distinctive features of the plants are indicated,
on the plates, by inscriptions and arrows—thus, for in-
stance, the auricled pinnae of the Christmas fern, the
sealy surface of the gray polypody, and the hairy rachis
of the silvery spleenwort are quite literally pointed out.
There are keys to families, genera and species; an intro-
duction, concise, sensible and to the point, and contain-
ing a kindly reference to the Fern Society which will
be appreciated by all of us; a glossary, bibliography and
index. In short, the little work is very well equipped,
handy and dependable to use.

_ Its weakest point is in the keys; they somewhat lack
mecistveness, probably because of too great an effort to
avoid technicalities. And an occasional direct error has

crept into them. All the Ophioglossaceae (p. 8) are said

to have simple fertile spikes, which is certainly not the
case with Botrychium. ‘Sori covered by indusia - - -
borne on the under Side of reflexed lobes,’’ the key char-
acter of Adiantum (p. 16), gives an incorrect impres
sion; there is no indusium except as the reflexed lobes
themselves perform the function of one. Cheilanthes (P-
16) with ‘‘distinct or contiguous sori’’ is placed under

aga

REcENT FERN LITERATURE 31

the main key-heading ‘‘Sori not distinct.’’ In the first
line on page 23 ‘‘fertile’’ should read ‘‘sterile.’’

Outside the keys, Botrychium lanceolatum (p. 10) is
not, as listed, a direct synonym of B. angustisegmentum.
The entry should read, as in similar cases elsewhere, ‘‘ B.
lanceolatum of American authors, in part.’? On page 27
Otto Kuntze and Gustav Kunze are confused. Core (p.
32) was not, as the text would seem to imply, the only
(or the first) author to note and to seek to explain the
presence of coastal-plain species in the Appalachians.
Redfield, Kearney, Harshberger, Witmer Stone, Small
and Fernald had previously discussed the matter and
arrived at like conclusions. The same species appears as
Athyrium acrostichoides on one page and A. thelypteroides
(correct) on the next (39,40). Athyrium angustum var.
rubellum has wandered from its proper abiding-place and
come to rest under A. asplenioides, where it does not
belong. And it was hardly giving due honor to Dr.
Wherry to refer to him (p. 5) as editor of the Fern Jour-
NAL when he was, at the time, president of the Society.

I do not enjoy listing in detail such minor and rather
technical flaws in an otherwise excellent piece of work.
I have done so, in this ease, in the hope that the corrections
so made may increase, by a little, the value of a very useful
local manual and floristic record.'—C. A. WEATHERBY.

Prof. Hamblin of the Lexington (Mass.) Botanie Gar-
den has issued a leaflet on the small ferns of the north-
eastern states as subjects for cultivation. The rock-inhab-
iting Aspleniums, the two bladder-ferns, Woodsias, two
lip-ferns, cliff-brake, climbing fern, walking fern, hart’s-
tongue, and adder’s-tongue are discussed, with expert
advice as to how and where they should be grown.*

1 Brooks, M. G. The Pteridophytes of West Virginia. With
drawings by A. S. Margolin. West Virginia University Bulletin,
series 39, no. 2. 1938.

2 Hamblin, Stephen F. Lexington Leaflets 9: 29-32. 1939.

32 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

American Fern Society
Report of the President for 1939

My nomination and election to the presidency of the —
American Ferm Society in the autumn of 1938 came as a
complete and decided surprise. Although I did not feel
qualified to take the position so admirably filled during
the last few years by Dr. EB, T. Wherry, I did accept the a
honor bestowed on me and have tried to blunder along as — |
best I could in an office of which the burdens are thor-
oughly pleasant and not too great. : .

The outstanding accomplishment within the Society in
the last year was the completion of the 25-year Index to
the Fern Journan. This was compiled by Dr. Wherry
with NYA and WPA assistance. It is an excellent index
and should make the use of back numbers of the Journal
both more pleasant and profitable. With the Society’s
finances in good order when I took over control, it was
possible for the Council to authorize payment for the
Index and its free distribution to all present members of
the Society. This expenditure has greatly reduced our
reserve in the treasury, however, with the result that we
now more than ever need the continued support of every
old member and as many new members as possible.. Mem-

local meeting was held at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden.

of field-trips
the sum

a

AMERICAN FERN Society 33

the Advancement of Science. Accordingly, I proceeded
with various plans. For the meeting in June at Mil-
waukee, Professor Steil of Marquette University made
elaborate plans, engaging for us the Trustee’s room at the
University and commandeering cars for a grand field-trip.
But alas, the enthusiasm expressed in February for such
a meeting had so far waned by June that I am ashamed
to report that not one member of the American Fern
Society, additional to Professor Steil, attended the meet-
ing. Attendance for the week-end excursion in Wayne
County, Pennsylvania, which proved highly profitable
and yielded many fern novelties, likewise was very poor.
Because of this strange indifference towards organized
field-activity, it does not seem reasonable to plan an elabo-
rate schedule of trips for this year, but instead to suggest
that members devote their attention to the ferns of their
own local regions, as they apparently prefer to do. If I
receive sufficient requests to arrange trips, I shall be glad
to make plans, of course, but there seems no point in doing
so if there is no interest.

The winter field-meeting in Florida will be reported
elsewhere in the Journal, hence I shall not further mention
it here. If this kind of affair proves popular, it might be
possible to make similar arrangements in future years.

A subject which should receive the attention of all
lovers of ferns is that of conservation. When any area
rich in ferns or other plants is threatened with destrue-
tion, the officers of the Society should be notified and
official protest registered, even if the plants cannot be
saved. Within the year, work has begun in South Caro-
lina on the building of dams and clearing of land which
will destroy thousands of acres of interesting country in
the Santee River Valley, particularly fascinating to
botanists because it is the old collecting ground of that

34 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

famous botanical pioneer, Thomas Walter. The little
Ophioglossa which grow in that country, the group of
ferns on the limestone at Eutaw Springs, numerous species
of beautiful herbs and trees, all these will perish with
the flooding of this area. Botanists of a later day will

wonder what was wrong with their twentieth century pre-—

decessors who could permit such catastrophes to occur
without raising their voice to prevent the tragedy. What
is happening in South Carolina is taking place all over
the country. Rather than arguing about nomenclature
and the trivialities of our study, professional and amateur
students alike may do well to join forces and help to save
at least a small part of this country, with its native fern
flora along with all the rest of the plants and animals, in
a somewhat near natural condition.
Rosert T. CLAUSEN

Report of the Secretary for 1939
During the year 1939 the American Fern Society suf-
fered unusually severe losses in the deaths of seven of
Its members. The passing of such devoted and helpful
members as our Vice-President, Arthur N. Leeds, and of
Prof. John H. Schaffner has been reported in the JOURNAL

re in the year. Of our Life Members, the name of
a

; gely incomplete.
Thirty-two new members joined the Society during the
year, making the total on December 31st three hundred
and fifty, This is a small, but steady, gain year by yeat-
ent Clausen appointed early in the year, Prof.

Joseph Ewan of the University of Colorado, to fill the

ee ee ee ee

AMERICAN FERN Society 35

A number of meetings of the Society were held at vari-
ous centers during the year. The one in early February
at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden has been reported in the
JOURNAL, Over the Labor Day week-end a Field meeting
was held in the Lake Shehawken region of Pennsylvania.
And the annual meeting in conjunction with the convoca-
tion of the American Association for the Advancement of
Science at Columbus, Ohio, in December is reported more
in detail elsewhere in this issue.

The results of the annual balloting in November, given
in full elsewhere, returned the same officers for the year
1940.

Etsiz G. WHITNEY, Secretary.

Report of the Treasurer for 1939

Receipts
Cash on hand Jan. 1, 1989 occoccccomn $ 426.28
1937 Membership Arrears ..0....0cc000- $ 150 $ 1.50
1938 Membership Arrears 0.0000» 18.00 18.00
1939 New Members ..ccccccnctecccnvcnenen 27.00
1939 Membership Renewals .............. 366.02 393.02
1940 Membership Renewals .......... a ee
1940 New Members ..c.ccccccccscnsnnem 18.00 33.00
1938 Subscription Arrears 1,25 1.25
1939 New Subseribers ....ccccccccceceoneon 13.5.
1939 Subseription Renewals ............ 68.48 82.01
1940 Subseription Renewals 32.59 32.59
Sale of back numbers A. F. J. 77.80 77.80
Sale of Hart’s Tongue Ferns .............. 75 75
Sale of Key to the Ferns ............. “ 50 50
Gifts (cash) 35.00
Gifts (books) D. LeRoy Topping Be-
q 72.80
1939 Advertising—Camboseo ............ . 400 111.80 752.22

$1,178.50

36 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Disbursements
Science Press
A. = Vol. 28, No. 4 & Memb.
193.49
A. ?. e fy ae. Ne SER ane eo 125.10
Wg AP ic Ws SPO Os 135.58
ps AUS Pe sb, fe, Er 152.94
Reprints “35.11
7400 sad TON os. 35.40 677.62
Trade Dise 5.66 66
Agency Commision 6.24 6.24
ank Charg 30 30
Gifts faces transf.to Inv. A.F.J... 22.80
ifts (books) transf. to A. F. s.
50.00 72.80
39.01 39.01
33.38 33

$ 337.49
Statenioat, Dec. 31, 1939
Assets Liabilities :
Cash on hand ........ $337.49 Capital a/€ cc $4,829.83
Cash in closed bank 7,05 op Memb. Susp.
ee ee ae 33.00
In Spee. a/e #2... 25.88 890.74 a Subecrip.

ek 1656 Siw 32.59

De B/G recrnccinns

(Mon AOS ataneta lat nee 1939 Def. Susp.
1,255.81 a/e

A. F. 8, ply (hoekay. 250.00 4 Herb. Fund 520.82

———— [Life Memb. Fund 9

$5,609.40

ee
$5,609.40 |

Henry K. Svenson, Treasurer
ae rt of the Judge of Elections

Total votes cast, 91, unanimously for the nominations

submitted by the Nominating Committee. The following
are therefore elected :

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY 37

President, Dr. Robert T, Clausen, Ithaca, New York.
Vice-President, Prof. Joseph Ewan, Boulder, Colorado,
Secretary, Mrs. Elsie G. Whitney, Albany, New York.
Treasurer, Dr. Henry K, Svenson, Brooklyn, New York.

H. L. Buomguist, Judge of Elections.

Report oF THE CoLUMBUS, OHIO, Meetine.—As an
affiliate of Section G, of the American Association for the
Advancement of Science, the Fern Society held its annual
session on Saturday morning, December 31st, 1939, at
Columbus, Ohio. About twenty-five members and friends
were present to hear Dr. E. T. Wherry talk on the Ferns
of Ohio, stressing especially the ones whose geographical
distribution finds a frontier within that state. Certain
other interesting facts about recent discoveries were dis-
cussed, including the finding of the filmy fern, Hymeno-
phyllum tunbridgense, in a mountain ravine in South
Carolina. A series of colored lantern slides used with
this talk brought the ferns and their habitats clearly
before the audience.

Prof. Joseph Ewan discussed the systematic status of
the Pacific Sword Fern as related to its distribution in
the state of California, showing that certain well-defined
subspecies are pretty well localized within rather definite
geographic areas.

These formal talks were followed by informal discus-
Sions in groups around fresh material, and a large series
of mounted specimens of Botrychium, giving opportunity
for the exchange of many interesting brief facts.

Several other papers dealing with various aspects of
ferns were presented at other sessions. Noteworthy
among these was a paper and discussion in the Systematic
Section of the Botanical Society of America by Dr. R. T.
Clausen on the Variations of Ophioglossum vulgatum,
illustrated by lantern-slide photographs of herbarium
Specimens. Variation in size and shape of blade, in shape

38 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

of sporangia, and in degree of persistence of a basal
sheath were regarded as, in this species, not to be relied
upon as criteria for the segregation of varieties.

Also in this Systematic Section, R. M. Tryon reported
on a hybrid Osmunda.

In the Paleobotanical section Dr. Gilbert M. Smith pre-
sented a paper on the origin of the pteridophytes, in which
he reviewed the various lines of argument that have here-
tofore been advanced in attributing the origin of the ferns
either to the red algae or to the liverwort group of the
Bryophytes. After a critical consideration of the various —
factors, the greater weight of probability—since no actual
‘‘missing link’’ in this ease has been found—seems to ind —
cate an ancestral form of the general type of Anthocerds.

It is to be hoped that all the members of the Society —
who could not be at Columbus may have access to the
facts presented in these papers through their early publi-
cation in the various periodicals——E. G. WHITNEY.

Thave a few desert ferns of southern California which!
should like to exchange with anyone interested. I have a
present on hand the following: Pellaea ornithopus, P.
andromedaefolia, Pityrogramma triangularis, Cheilanthes
californica, Ch. Covillei, Notholaena Newberryt, Dry? :
teris arguta. Any exchange would be welcome, but I
should be particularly pleased to obtain Schizaea pusilla
of the New Jersey pine barrens, Camptosorus rhizophyl-
lus, or any of the filmy ferns—Harriet E. BAKER, 642
West 97th St., Los Angeles, California. |

Mr. Henry W, Merrill, now in his eighty-first year; lone
es as a skilled worker in wrought iron and as a 1
ralist, and a member of this Society since 1906, has bee?
honored ma peculiarly fitting manner by his fellow
citizens of Hiram, Maine. They have purchased a fifteen

AMERICAN FERN Sociery 39

acre tract of wild land, remarkable for the variety of
habitats it includes and possessing in its plant cover most
of the woody and many of the herbaceous species native
in that part of Maine. This tract will be kept perma-
nently as a public preserve, to be known as the Henry
W. Merrill Botanical Garden.

New members :
Baker, Miss Harriet E., 642 West 97th St., Los Angeles, California
Boyd, Mrs. Kathleen §., 95 Fayette St., Nelsonville, Ohio
Burns, Mrs. E. W., 805 Moorland Road, Okmulgee, Oklahoma

on, Iowa

McCutcheon, Dr. Morton, Medical School, University of Penn-

sylvania, Philadelphia, Pa.

ann, M. D., Jr., 625 Loeust St., Roselle, New Jersey

Morton, C. V., Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.
Sgood, Miss M. Elsie, Braintree Hill, Randolph, Vermont

Poole, Prof. James P., Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hamp-

hir

M

8 *
Smith, Mrs. Donald F., 2332 Hollyridge Ave., Hollywood, Cali-
fornia

Speck, Dr. Frank G., 103 Cornell Ave., Swarthmore,

Pennsylvania
Trapido, Harold, Zoological Laboratory, Corn i
=U ee

ell University,

Changes of address:

Dean, Mrs. Ada F. T., 20 Euclid Ave., Pittsfield, Mass.

Miller, Mrs, Lawrence Kelton, 500 William St., Pittsfield, Mass.

Bee Mrs. Millicent, 943 Boulevard East, Weehawken, New
erse

Proetor, George R., 811 Fifth Ave., Marietta, Ohio

Steil, Prof. William N., 1926 North 53rd St., Milwaukee, Wis-
onsin

Tryon, R. M., Jr., 501 Wa

Wright, Miss Mary F.,
phia, Pa,

shington Ave., Terre Haute, Indiana
538 Locust Ave., Germantown, Philadel-

40 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

I would like to exchange Ferns of Indiana and
consin for Ferns, excepting the Fern Allies, of any reg
of North America, except the Middle West.—R.
TrYON, JR., Preelandville, Indiana.

a

Wh Oa rn fran, —

THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB
MEMBER

Including Bulletin, Memoirs, and Torreya, $5.00 a year
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Torreya. Bi-monthly, established 1901. Price $1.00 a year.
Manuscripts intended for ee lieation in Torreya should be ad-
o GEORG TINGS, Editor, 2587 Sedgewick Ave.,

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Occasional, established 1889. Price, $3.00 to $5.00 a

volume,
Catalogue of epee and Pteridophyta within
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OUR FERNS
THEIR HAUNTS, HABITS, AND FOLKLORE

ee Second Revised : : :
a fons and Mastentions of and
deveript the ferns of Eastern A America, o
oy nportant. arintion species in othe ce boris of hero United States. ae
many keys; list of species,
earl senegat with
Trae sities of

north America, — eee toate AD species

myiggey? so ease

THE BLES iho
PUBLISHED BY T
ANT MOSS socrery

Aaa
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Vol. 30 April-June, 1940 No.2 ae

American Bern Journal

“ A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS
Published by the
AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY
Bd
EDITORS
C. A. WEATHERBY
7S sR. G. BENEDICT W. R. MAXON
/ rv)
CONTENTS
Ferns in the Kutztown-Fleetwood Area, Pennsylvania
Sot hake nee —— C. L. Gauper 41 ;
Selaginella rupestris in Arkansas JD. M. Moore 50
Cyrtomium in Southern California H. H. Tracy 52
Notes on Texas Ferns eo ass i eciaaeels Ie en os
Recent Fern tbineemcie 2 client 1

Shorter Notes: Dubiidigniobting Metioeon aon Botrychinm ob
liqaum and B. dissectum; a ‘Correction; an Osmunda —
Hybrid... in

American Fern Rothe es ee ee an

A. eats ® vecond-class mat : —

The American Fern Sarciety

Council for 1940
OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR
Rosert T. CLAUSEN, Bailey Hortorium, Ithaca, N. Y. ...... President
JOSEPH EWAN, Boulder, RIEROG: =. cck con ci naae Vice-President
Mrs. IBSON WHITNEY, Albany, N. .. Seeret
Henry K, SvENSON, Brooklyn Botanie Garter “Brooklyn, pags! a

OFFICIAL ORGAN

American Fern Journal
EDITORS
C. A. WEATHERBY ........... 27 Raymond St., Cambridge, Mass
R. C. BENEDICT... 1819 acaicnter Road, Brooklyn, N. Y.
W. BR. MAxon ... .. Smithsonian Instituti on, Washington, D. ¢.

An illustrated quarterly devoted to the general study of ferns.
free

$1.50; life members, = 00). Extracted reprints, if ordered
will be d authors at cost. They should be ordered
when proof is re

Volume I, six eas $2.00; other nes He 25 cach. ree
oa eo
t; and vol. IV, no. 1, cannot be tint ose at ie pew
; cent. discount to members and wih cou
ee eohed

. publication should be addressed to C. A. WEATHERBY,
: at 27 Ba 27 cher St., Cambridge, Mass.
_ Orders baek numbers and other business coast
ee eee feta the Treasurer of the Society. :
one LIBRARIAN =
: — Hse M. ome, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn,

sh OF THE HERBé

Amprican #ern Journal

Vou. 30 Aprit-JUNE, 1940 No. 2

Ferns and Fern Allies in the Kutztown-Fleetwood
Area, Berks County, Pennsylvania

C. L. GRUBER

As originally intended, this paper was to be a report
on the ferns and fern allies in the vicinity of Kutztown,
Pa.; but in 1938 the writer moved from Kutztown to
Fleetwood, five miles southwestwardly from Kutztown.
So the report has been extended over a somewhat larger
area, more or less triangular in shape, covering about
sixty square miles of territory in the northeasterly part
of Berks County, Pa., and ranging generally from three
to six miles beyond Kutztown and Fleetwood, with a few
more distant outlying stations. The borough of Kutz-
town is in the northern portion, about midway between
Topton near the eastern end and Virginville near the
western end. The borough of Fleetwood is in the south-
ern portion, southeast of Virginville, and Lyons and
Bowers are in a southwest to northeast line between
Fleetwood and Topton.

On the south and southeast this area includes a part
of the South Mountains, a low range 600 to 1200 feet
above sea level, with a number of usually shallow rav ines,
each as a rule with its mountain rill and an occasional
moist or swampy level; with a few small sphagnum
Swamps; with the siopias and upper levels usually very
stony or strewn with boulders and the summits or higher

[Volume 30, No. 1 of the Journat, pages 1-40, plates 1 and 2,
was issued March 27, 1940.]
41

42 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

slopes frequently studded with larger rocks, solitary or
in ridges. The rocks of the more elevated regions are
usually of the granitic type and those of the lower slopes
are commonly Potsdam sandstone. The rest of the area
is mainly rolling agricultural land, decidedly hilly toward
the west, where there are numerous wooded hills and
bluffs, mostly flanking the streams. Sacony Creek and
Moselem Creek flow westwardly through the area into
Maidencreek which passes through the western border
and Mill Creek flows through the northern part curving
westward into the Sacony. Iron ore was formerly mined
in the eastern and southeastern part, in the middle sec-
tion limestone is abundant, in the western section lime
Stone is largely displaced by shale of several types.

The specimens collected represent very nearly the
entire fern flora of Berks County. The Kutztown-Fleet —
wood area must be credited with 55 species, varieties, and
hybrids of ferns and with 11 species and varieties of fern
allies; also with 23 published forms of ferns and 5 pub- —
lished forms of fern allies. In addition to these, 3 forms |
of ferns, not previously named, are described in this —
paper. Possibly there are also genuine specimens of |
other named forms in the collection.

These specimens, with very few exceptions, were Cok
lected by the writer, in numerous fern tramps through
out the region. It is, however, next to impossible to cove
every square rod of ground in an extended area and it® —
a fact, backed by experience, that some rare fern or fer |
ally may be found at one particular spot and not at any
other station within a radius of many miles—and a spot
like this may be passed within fifty or fewer feet without .
discovery. So it is possible that a few additional fom
and fern allies may still be found in the Kutztown-Fleet :
wood area. a

I wish to acknowledge my obligations to Mr. W- |

F
)
|
]

es

FERNS oF KutTzTOWN-FLEETWOOD AREA 43

Leibelsperger, of Fleetwood, Pa., to Mr. William C.
Brumbach, of Esterly, Pa., and to Mr. Hans Wilkens,
Dr. David Berkheimer, and Mr. Byron Nunemacher, of
Reading, Pa., for valuable assistance in locating a number
of species ; also to Mr. C. A. Weatherby, Dr. E. T. Wherry,
Dr. R. C. Benedict, and Dr. R. T. Clausen, for much
appreciated service in identifying a few of my specimens
or confirming my identification of some of the others.

The following list gives the species, hybrids, varieties,
and forms which were found.

BorrycHiuMm siIMpLEx E. Hitche. var. LAXIFOLIUM
Clausen. One station, about 50 plants, in and along an
old woods trail on n.w. slope of Guinther’s Head, South
Mountains, about 1} mi.s.e. of Bowers. One plant found
in woods beyond Deisher’s Hill, 1} mi. w. of Kutztown.

re.

Specimens were collected also of plants approaching
B. simplex var. tenebrosum (A. A. Eaton) Clausen and
B. simplex f. subcompositum (Lasch) Milde.

BorrycHIum sIMPLEX var. composituM (Lasch) Milde.
First station as above. This is farther south than the
recorded range and the sterile blade of my specimen is
bifid instead of ternate (but var. compositum has been
described as having usually three, sometimes two or four
divisions). The sterile blade of my specimen is inserted

asally. ;

Borrycutum Marricartaprotium A. Br. A number of
Stations along old woods trails, in stony woods, and along
woodland borders. Sometimes on rather dry slopes.
Fairly common. Plants were found with forked sterile
and forked fertile parts, one plant with sterile part at
top of stem, plants with sporangia on sterile portion, one
plant 124 inches tall.

Forma cgractuz (House) Weatherby. Several found
with type,

44 + AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Forma paLMatum Milde. A few found with type.
BorrycHIuMm LANCEOLATUM Anegstr. var. ANGUSTISEG- —
MENTUM Pease & Moore. Two stations, one in moist
mountain valley, the other in moist cut-off woodland, sé.
of Fleetwood. One station, found a number of years :
ago, under grapevines, on a dry slope, has disappeared. —
are.

BorrycHium osuiguumM Muhl. A number of stations —
in level woodland, on stony slopes, and moist bottoms, —
especially along old woods roads and trails. Fairly com
mon. One specimen somewhat approaching B. obliquwimt —
var. tenuifolium (Underw.) Gilbert. a

Forma nLoneatum (G. & H.) R. Hoffm. Occasional.

Forma osBLoneirotium (E. W. Graves) Clute. a 4
obliquum var. oblongifolium EB. W. Graves). Occasional” 4
My specimens were identified by Mr. Graves. a

Forma pennsylvanicum (E. W. Graves) n. comb. (B. Q
obliquum var. pennsylvanicum BE. W. Graves). Occa-
sional. Dr. E. T. Wherry applies the name Botrychium
obliquum var. pennsylvanicum to the original type of B. .
obliquum, but I believe it to be distinct. My specimens ’
were identified by Mr. Graves. a

Fruiting plants were found of each of these three
forms. Intermediate forms and forms of B. obliguiam
more serrate than usual were found.

Borrycuium pissectum Spreng. A number of stations,
frequently with B. obliquum. Fairly common. Some
specimens are more finely or more coarsely dissected than
others. Found a small sterile frond, in excellent greek f
condition, with a very short abortive fertile growth
base, on June 10, 1936. Found a specimen on July t

1935, yellow, but otherwise in fairly good condition, ©
fruiting part not yet fully developed. One dwarf p a
with only a few broad, incised segments, apparently ® |

ei oar call

SSS ee ere

See ER ee ee Ta Re ea ee NG a ee eee ee

Ferns oF KutzTOWN-FLEETWOOD AREA 45

sport. Specimens were found which are laciniate only
along the edges of the lobes or pinnules, the laciniations,
however, consisting of the rectangular segments toothed
or notched at the end, characteristic of B. dissectum.

BorrycHiumM MuLTIFIDUM (Gmel.) Rupr. var. ONEI-
DENSE (Gilbert) Farwell. (B. dissectum Spreng. f.
oneidense (Gilbert) Clute.) One station, near Umbrella
Hill, about 2 mi. w. of Kutztown. Rare. Woodland
slopes.

Because of its broadly and short-triangular terminal
segments, with other segments generally oblong or oval,
and its tendency to remain green during the winter, I
prefer to accept the decision of E. W. Graves and others
to place this plant under B. multifidum. Segments of
typical B. obliquum are generally narrowly ovate or
lance-ovate.

BorrycHium MULTIFIDUM (Gmel). Rupr. var. INTER-
MEDIUM (D. C. Eaton) Farwell. (B. multifidum (Gmel.)
Rupr. ssp. silaifolium (Presl) Clausen.) One station
near Umbrella Hill, about 2 mi. w. of Kutztown, another
on e. end of Hageman’s Head, South Mountains, about
24 mi. s.e. of Fleetwood. Rare. In general the bases of
at least the outer segments are oblique and more or less
decurrent. One specimen has’ segments obtusely ovate
rather than oval. Woodland slopes.

This is the southernmost reported station for this
Botrychium in Pennsylvania. One specimen from the
first station was sent to Dr. Clausen who pronounced it a
lax shade form of B. multifidum ssp. silaifolium, not typi-
eal; but later specimens from the first station and the
specimens from the second station are practically true
to type.

Borrycutum viriniaNuM (L.) Sw. Moist woodland
and on drier slopes. Common. One plant with sterile
part bifid and one of the divisions again bifid, one plant

46 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

with double fertile part. Several plants probably of the
so-called var. gracile (Pursh) Lawson.

OPHIOGLOssuUM vULeGATUM L. Two stations, one on
grassy slope w. of Fleetwood, the other on border of moist
woodland on South Mountains, s.e. of Fleetwood. Fora
few years the writer had several plants of this species
growing in his fern garden. In recent years no specimens
have been found near Fleetwood. Rare. Have no speci-
mens in herbarium.

OsMUNDA REGALIS L. var. sPEcTABILIS (Willd.) Gray. .

A few stations in wet hollows in South Mountains; a few
plants on right bank of dam in Moselem Creek, 34 mi. 1.W.
of Fleetwood. Occasional.

OsmunDA CuayTonrana L. Several stations, usually
on moist woodland slopes. Fairly common. One
plant with pinnules round-oblong and overlapping.

OSMUNDA cINNAMOMEA L. In wet mountain hollows.
Common. One specimen with pinnae more widely sepa
rated than usual. d

Forma rronvosa (Torr. & Gray) Britton. In writer's
fern garden.

Forma LatiPinnuua Blake. Single plants at two sta

tions.

Forma BiPtNNatiripa Clute. No specimens in her —
barium. The one found was sent to Prof. W. N. Clute

(1913).

Forma mcisa (J. W. Huntington) Gilbert. No speck :

men in herbarium. The one found was sent to Mr. L. 5:
Hopkins (1914),

ONOCLEA SENSIBILIs L. Low open grounds or wet plat

in open woodland. Common.

Forma acutisegmenta f. nov., segmentis acute ais. |
fundeque incisis, The pinnae or segments are deeply and |
acutely cut and lobed. At one station, near iron ee |
¢. of Kutztown, in low, swampy ground, with hundreds ® o

|

Ferns or KutTzTOWN-FLEETWOOD AREA 47

plants, a large proportion of the plants are of this form.
Type in writer’s herbarium.

PTERETIS NoDULOSA (Michx.) Nieuwl. One station, on
right bank of dam in Moselem Creek, 34 mi. n.w. of Fleet-
wood. Rare.

Woopsta ILvensis (L.) R. Br. One station, on right
bank of Sacony Creek, 4 mi. w. of Kutztown, in clefts of
rocks of hard shale. Rare.

Woopsta optusa (Spreng.) Torr. Rocks and stony
banks, usually partly shaded. Common. One plant,
growing on rock in open sunlight, has color and texture
of W. ilvensis.

CysTopTeris FRAGILIS (L.) Bernh. var. Mackaym Law-
son. Moist rocks and cliffs, stone walls, and shaded,
usually stony banks. Common.

Most of my plants are fairly uniform in appearance,
with the pinnules or segments widest above the middle,
obtuse, often obovate and frequently rounded at the apex
on vigorous or young growth or on sterile fronds; but
several plants or colonies, identified as belonging to var.
Mackayjii, have been found with pinnules generally wid-
est at base or below the middle, narrower, and obtusely
oblong or oblong-ovate, although the young sterile fronds
frequently bear segments like those of typical var.
Mackayii. One colony of ferns, with very large sori and
short rootstocks, growing in erevices of the sunny portion
of the limestone wall of a small bridge, possibly is Cyst-
opteris fragilis f. magnasora Clute.

CysTopreris BULBIFERA (L.) Bernh. One station on
limestone cliffs on Forge Hill, at Charming Forge, Pa.,
about 30 mi. w. of Kutztown. One station (established
by transplanting from the writer’s fern garden) on
Wagenhorst’s Hill, near Kutztown. Rare. One frond
with side branch.

ENNSTAEDTIA PUNCTILOBULA (Michx.) Moore. Roeky

48 AMERICAN FERN JouRNAL

and stony slopes and banks in the open and in open .
woodland. Common. :
POLYSTICHUM AcRosTICHOIDES (Michx.) Schott. On
rocky slopes in woodland, stony banks in open thickets, 7
and sometimes in low, Stony ground. Common. Occa- —
Sional fish-tailed pinnae are found. One freak sterile —
frond with pinnae of upper half much reduced. Fronds —
with auricles on basal pinnae cleft to midrib and some —
times stalked.
Forma incisum (A. Gray) Gilbert. On rich woodland |
slopes or in low moist ground. Occasional. Some fronds —

quently found, the margins are sharply and beautifully —
serrate, in others distinctly dentate with broad, erect :

teeth, while in still others there is a tendency toward be:
crenate margin. But, instead of coining a multiplicity
of names for minor forms, these variations may as well :

Forma crispum Clute. Occasional.
_ Forma recurvarum Clute. Rather rare. Specimens
Intermediate between this form and the type were found.

Forma ligulatum £. nov. Frondes 13.5-24 em. longa®
2-2.3 em. latae, anguste ligulatae, nee ad apicem nee basi?
angustatae, nonnihil caeruleo-virides. Stipites qua™
laminae breviores, paleis pallide castaneis lanceolat

Ferns oF KutztTOWwN-FLEETWOOD AREA 49

ovatis, paleis linearibus intermixtis. Rachis paleis multis
attenuatis instructa. Pinnae 0.9-1 em. longae, densae,
breviter petiolulatae, interdum auriculo brevi in latere
Superiore, in lobos duos valde recurvatos longitudinaliter
incisae, sic formam crispam producentes, suborbiculares
apparentes et in planta viva et in herbario (at si pinnae
evolverentur oblongo-ovatae essent et saltem dimidia
longiores quam dimensiones supra datae). Margines
leviter serratae vel subintegrae, setis paucis vel pluribus.
Prope Kutztown, Pennsylvania, 1937.

Fronds 7-9} in. long, 3} in. wide, linear or ligulate,
not tapering toward either end. Rather bluish green.
Stipes a little shorter than the length of the blades, with
a number of light brown, lance-ovate scales, interspersed
with numerous linear scales. Rachis beset with narrow
Seales. Pinnae about 2 in. long, very short-stalked,
crowded, especially in upper part of frond, cleft length-
wise into two acute lobes which are strongly recurved,
giving the frond a ruffled appearance; occasionally
slightly auricled on the upper side; suborbicular in
appearance on the growing and on the pressed frond
(but if the pinnae would be flattened out they would
measure at least 13 times the dimensions given and would
be oblong-ovate in shape). Margins with a few to many
bristles, shallowly serrate to almost entire. Near base of
Stony, wooded hillside, one mile n. by e. of Kutztown, Pa.
A very distinct form, based on a single plant with three
fronds, all sterile. Mr. Weatherby informs me that an
unnamed specimen of this form, from Vermont, is in the
Gray Herbarium. Type in writer’s herbarium.

FLEETWOOD, PENNSYLVANIA.

(To be continued)

50 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL “a
Selaginella rupestris (L.) Spring in Arkansas’ 2
Dwicut M. Moore

The occurrence in Arkansas of Selaginella rupestis
(L.) Spring appears to have been a matter of uncertainty |
in years past. More recent field work and collections will
serve to settle the question.

In 1860 Lesquereux (1) reported this species in Arkai-
sas on ‘‘sandstone—dry rocky places,’’ and Branner &
Coville, 1891 (3), included it in their list of plants of

the state, but attributed it to Lesquereux. However, Har :
vey, 1881 (2), did not list it and Buchholz, 1924 (4), afte
examining herbarium material in the larger herbaria af |
the country, concluded that ‘‘there was no authentic”
Arkansas material’? on which to base a report of its pre _
ence in the state.

Since that time it has been collected in six differen!
counties. (See map.

The first authentic collection in Arkansas was made by
Delzie Demaree at Calico Rock, Izard County, Arkans’
in 1927, on the sandstone outcrops above the hotel in that |
town. Since that. time, the writer has found it abun-
dantly in similar habitats in several places within a radius
of five miles of this station. Further extensions of the
range have been made by the writer as follows. .

Tn 1931 a small station was found on a sandstone ledge
about twelve miles south of Berryville and one mile nOnt
of Metalton in Carroll County. In 1933 it was found ®
extensive sandstone outcrops in the southeast corner |
Benton County. Here it occurs over an area two or HT .
miles long, extending also into the northeast cornet ®
Washington County. In this area the Sylamore
stone is cut through by the White River and forms abrup :

eee
Research Paper No. 650. Journal Series. University
Arkansas. Ge

SELAGINELLA RUPESTRIS IN ARKANSAS 51

cliffs along the river about one hundred feet high. It is
in the thin sandy soil on the edges and exposed surfaces
above that the Selaginella rupestris occurs. Here it is
usually associated with Polytrichum sp., Cladoma spp.
and often with Talinum parviflorum, T. calycinwm, Sedum
pulchellum and S. Nuttallaanum.

Two further stations were added to these in 1935. One

of these was on the St. Peter sandstone outcrops above
Marble City Falls in Newton County and the other on
Similar outcrops above Buffalo River in the northern part
of Searcy County. Here the river passes between massive
cliffs (see Plate 3) up to 500 feet high, capped with St.
Peter sandstone on which the Selaginella is found, some-
times on the apparently bare rock and at others in thin
Sand or in crevices between strata.

Search for this plant has been continued in other likely

52 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

places, such as Magazine Mountain, but as yet
success. .
In all of the stations for this interesting plant
six counties it has been found on dry sandstone
ciated with it. This confirms the report made ne
years ago by Lesquereux and clears the doubt ex

University OF ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, ARE

LITERATURE CITED
(1) Lesquereux, Leo. 1860. Botanical and Palaeontologie
rt of the Geological State Survey of Arkansas.
(2) Harvey, F. L, 1881. Ferns of Arkansas. Bot. Gat
pp. 189-190; 213-215.
(3) Branner, John C., and F. V. Coville. 1891. A List '
Plants of Arkansas in the Annual Report of the
Geologist.
(4) Buchholz, John T. 1924. Notes on Arkansas Pteri¢
AMER. FERN JOURNAL 14: pp. 33-38.

Cyrtomium in Southern California
H. H. Tracy

While collecting in the San Gabriel moun
southern California, the writer’s son came across
that appears to be a species of Cyrtomium. The
ance of this Asiatic fern in such a wild locali
unique as to deserve mention.

In his paper on ‘‘The Genus Cyrtomium
Journat! Christensen refers to C. falcatum (U.
as follows : ‘‘One species (C. faleatum) is one of
important commercial ferns, which thrives well ,
ing rooms and, in the southern States, is no doubt
msen, Carl. ‘The Genus Cyrtomium’? 4

1930.

1 Christe
JOURN. 20: 41,

mre

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

VOLUME 30, PLATE 3

BUFFALO River Cuirrs In SEARCY County (No, 6 on MaP).
RUPESTRIS.

THE HABITAT OF SELAGINELLA

54 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

in the open air and to be found here and there .
escape from gardens.’? Under the description of
species, he gives the distribution as: Southern Ja
Korea, Formosa, Eastern China (Shantung to
kiang) ; the distribution in continental Asia is still 2
finally delimited. . . . It is sometimes found as an es cal
from gardens in warmer countries, for inst., 4
Mobile (EZ. W. Graves No. 1253) ; Fuoripa; St. Aug
(P. O. Schellert 1923); MotoKxat, Hawaiian
(Degener and Wiebke No. 3217, U. 8. Nat. Herb.)
Two other instances of the occurrence of the Japa
Holly Fern in the United States have been recorde
recently. Mrs. Florence C. Hubbard? mentions
escaped plants growing in an old well in Cromwell,
necticut. Dr. R. C. Benedict® alludes to his having
several years ago, the Holly Fern ‘‘apparently well S
lished near Orange, New J OMY. ca” -
Dr. Christensen, in his key, refers to C. faleatum
having the margin of the pinnae fully entire and 1
terminal pinna the largest. Although my Sp
does not agree completely, it seems to fit more closely
C. caryotideum micropteris Kunze than it does to
catum. As can be seen by the photograph, the te
pinna is much the smallest, the margins are decid
toothed, and a slight tendency to form auricles is see.
The station here referred to is difficult of appre
A rugged canyon two and one-half to four miles:
the nearest human habitation terminates in a wate
with a thirty foot drop. Above the falls an even ®
uatTow gulley leads off to the left. A small stream ™
” Way down the gulley and around a fifteen foot boul
to join the larger creek going over the falls. It was?
a ledge running across this boulder, eight feet from
* Amer. FERN Journ. 21: 76, 1931. :
* AMER. Fern Journ. 23: 63. 1933.

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VoLuME 30, PLATE 4

A FROND OF THE CALIFORNIA CYRTOMIUM.

56 AMERICAN FERN JouRNAL

ground, that the single plant of Cyrtomium was fi
In the crevice near it were a few plants of Adian
capillus-veneris and a single medium-sized plant
Woodwardia chamissoi.

Fifteen to twenty dead fronds were still attached
the rootstock. There were only four green or pa
green fronds, the plant evidently having produced 0
one or two fronds each year. Probably because of 1
unfavorable growing conditions, the number of pe
was smaller (eight to ten) than that cited by Dr. Chi
tensen for C. faleatum.

The isolated position of this plant is certainly q
triguing. Many cultivated plants of Cyrtomiwm are
be found in the gardens of Southern California.
are sold as ‘‘Holly Ferns’? or by scientifically inelin
nurserymen as Cyrtomium falcatum.

FULLERTON, CALIFORNIA.

Notes on Texas Ferns
H. B. Parxs

If one interested in nature will travel from Aw
Texas, through San Antonio and Uvalde, and to Del
he will note Shortly after leaving Austin that toward

Mountain range approaches the road, thus lesse
apparent height. i

Edwards Plateau, desi

Nores on Texas Ferns 57

facing scarp the various formations of the Lower Cre-
taceous Period are exposed. As these formations slope
toward the south, they carry much of the underground
water from the Edwards Plateau and Great Plains.

This constant supply of water reaches the surface in
the numerous springs and seeps that are so common
along the Escarpment. The most noted springs in
Texas, which have the dimensions of rivers issuing from
Solid rocks, are found at the base of the Escarpment.
This mountain wall was the shore line of the Eocene
ocean. Land erosion and wave action formed the numer-
ous deep canyons that cut into this wall of limestone.
Many of the limestone layers are porous and ground
water, instead of issuing in springs, forms seeps which
cover large acreages. This area, nearly two hundred
miles in length, is one of the finest fern locations in the
United States. There is scarcely a ravine or bluff which
is not a veritable fern garden, due to the fact that the
ground water furnishes a perpetual supply to the faces
of the bluffs, and the prevalent southeast winds, during
rainy periods, drench these same faces with warm water.
These same winds also carry the seeds of many semi-
tropical plants as well as spores of ferns. It is notable
that along the southern face of this Escarpment there
grow many plants that are found nowhere else in the
United States, and that they are of southern affinities.

In a recent paper G. M. Soxman, of Dallas, Texas, gave
an account of a visit to a locality where Edgar T. Wherry
collected Adiantum tricholepis Fee,* giving the informa-
tion that this fern still exists in the vicinity and that new
localities were found within a few miles of the place
designated by Wherry. Since that time the known
localities have been extended about fifteen miles further
to the west. This fern, it is to be remembered, was first

* THs JouRNAL 29: 120. 1939.

58 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

reported in Texas from the mouth of the Pecos River.
Although no one in recent times has collected the fern
in that locality, it is of interest to note that the locality
itself has the same qualifications for the growth of the
ferns and is located where the Edwards Escarpment
crosses the Rio Grande River.

Some five or six years ago the writer became aware of |
the fact that many plants found only in extreme West
Texas or in north-central Mexico occurred in a narrow
strip of territory along the Edwards Escarpment in
Medina, Kerr, and Kendall Counties. The finding of
A. tricholepis Strengthened the belief that the southern
face of the Escarpment should be the home of many other
Species of southern plants whose wind-borne seed could
find a lodging place in the wet canyons of this wall.

Knowing of the discovery by E. J. Palmer of Tectaria
heracleifolia (Willd.) Underw. in the vicinity of Mon-
tell* and of the collection by Mrs. Young of Cheilanthes
leucopoda Link in Uvalde Canyon, an expedition was
decided upon to see if these ferns still existed. In pre
paring for the trip, V. L. Cory secured the name of the
hotel Keeper to whom Palmer referred and was fortunate
In locating the man, who now is in charge of the ranch
on which the sink-hole described by Palmer is located.

September 24, 1939, V. L. Cory and the writer went #0
Montell and from there to the ranch house of C. C. Meth
Wether. Mr. Meriwether was very glad to lead this little
“xpedition to the sink-hole. He stated that he knew
nothing of Palmer’s visit to the place, nor did he know
of anyone else who had gone there after ferns. OW
guide led us along the same road traveled by Pa
as this is the only one that has ever led up Montell Ce
yon. We left the road at the beginning of the ©
brake mentioned in the Palmer article. Mr. Meriwethe —

* Tus Journat 24: 104, 1934. :

Notes ON Texas FERNS 59

thought that this was about as far as we could drive,
owing to the fact that the brake had been burned over.
As we left the bed of the canyon and gained the upland
ahead of us there seemed to be miles of one of the most
terrible terrains one could imagine, not a green thing,
red, burned soil, bare limestone, and the whole area cov-
ered with partially burned cedar trees. It appeared al-
most impossible to traverse this flat, even afoot, but by
judicious driving and lifting of burned tree trunks we
were able to reach the base of the mountain on which the
sink-hole occurs.

Here was a good-sized water course which was dry.
From the very base to the top there was scarcely any
vegetation. The face of the bluff was about five hundred
feet high, the ledges of rock protruding like huge steps.
Everything edible had been consumed by the numerous
Sheep and goats on the ranch. As we climbed the sides
of the mountain along a goat trail, dried specimens of
many species of ferns were seen to protrude from cracks
in the walls. It seems evident that goats and sheep do
not relish ferns. About two-thirds of the way up the side
of the mountain is exposed a layer of the so-called skele-
ton rock. This is limestone which has been under water
for such a period of time that all of the soft particles
have been dissolved and been carried away, giving the
rock a peculiar corroded and porous appearance. The
cavities range from microscopic dimensions up to several
feet in diameter; and on this ledge were numerous tufts
of Cheilanthes leucopoda which, in drying, had assumed
the appearance of a loosely constructed pine-cone, and
were of a striking light brown color. They are so abun-
dant as to give that color to the entire face of this skeleton
rock,

Going almost. to the top of the hill, we came to a shelf
of the rock twenty to thirty feet in width and extending

60 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

for some distance along the face of the bluff. Here we left —
the path and went some little distance downward to the —
widest part of the platform. If this is the same sink-hole —
which Palmer visited, the brush and cactus which marked
its mouth have disappeared. The mouth of the sink-hole
in the floor of the platform is about four feet long and —
not over eighteen inches in width at its widest place.
Because of its position, the sun does not shine into the
opening more than about an hour a day.
Looking into the hole until our eyes became accustom
to the darkness, we saw there below what resembled sea
weed floating under water; we had found the Tectarit. :
Knowing nothing of conditions inside, we hunted some |
dead tree trunks from which the sap-wood and branches —
had long since disappeared. On lowering these into the ‘
hole, the bottom was reached at about six feet. Mr. Cory
and Mr. Meriwether went down through the hole and <
reported that the ferns were present in great abundance —
but nowhere did they grow more than four to five feet
from the place where the sunlight could reach the bottom .
of the crevice. It appears that the hole was caused by@ —
cave-in, and the fallen rock forms a mound on which the :
ferns grow. Numerous young ferns grew along the walls :
almost up to the orifice. ‘This sink-hole leads downward —
to a pool of water, and tradition has it that water was :
commonly obtained here by the Indians. e
After having secured a number of fern specimens 2
without molesting the roots of the plants, the retur® ca
was started. Some of the dried specimens of @. leue?
poda were collected and the expedition returned x :
Meriwether to his home. The entire trip lasted only
about three hours ; we established the fact that the colony os
of Tectaria still is in existence, and will probably occupy
that location for many years to come, as it is so We
ssa from everything but a plant collector. Cheilantn

Notes oN Texas FERNS 61

leucopoda is not only common but also grows to quite
large size. It, too, will persist as it can grow in dry
locations and is not readily eaten by live stock. During
our trip, which lasted through the remainder of the day,
almost every species of fern accredited to central and
western Texas was observed. They occurred in numbers,
but were in very poor condition due to the long drought.
In this connection it should be noted that the term
“‘Uvalde Canyon’’ as used by Mrs. Young in her reports
on plants, and especially ferns, refers to all of the little
canyons which open into the Nueces River Valley north of
the City of Uvalde.

As yet the Lindheimer station for Tectaria has not been
located, but it is known to have been somewhere on the
south slope of the Edwards Escarpment.

In the vicinity of Rock Springs there exists what is
known as the Devil’s Sink Hole. This sink-hole is a
cavity caused by the falling in of the roof of a cave, the
Opening being nearly one hundred feet in diameter.
From the surface one can see that the cavity was once
dome-shaped and that the roof, in falling, has formed a
mound in the center. The top of this cone-shaped mound
is about 150 feet below the present level of the soil and
its base is known to be surrounded by deep water. Fifty
feet below the surface a ledge of rock constantly wet with
Seeping water encircles this wall. This whole ledge is
abundantly covered with ferns. It is strongly suspected
that among these ferns Tectaria is present, in quantity.
An investigation of this locality will be undertaken early
in 1940

Texas AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

62 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Recent Fern Literature

A posthumous article by Professor Schaffner, in col-
laboration with Liang-Ching Li, has been published im
China. It treats the nine species of Equisetum known m
that country, giving a key and for each species a deserip-
tion, general range, citation of specimens (mostly in Old
World herbaria) and brief comment.

Ix of the species are also American and well known
to most of us; the other three, EZ. ramosissimum, E. debile
and E. diffuswm, are exclusively Old World, though —
American plants have been mistaken for the first. Of
these, EZ. ramosissimum is the commonest Chinese species,
E. debile is widely distributed in southern China, and
#. diffuswm is found only in the western and southwest-
‘rn parts of the country. E. arvense is also reported as
common, but the other American species are rather rare
and mostly oceur in North China only.*

Dr. Wherry has published a paper on ‘‘Notable Peni —
sylvania Ferns.” He points out that, though it is well
known that Aspleniym ebenoides, A. pinnatifidum and |
Dryopteris intermedia were discovered in that state by a
R. R. Scott, Nuttall, and Muhlenberg respectively, Bs
not so well known that Lygodium palmatum was also ds
covered by Muhlenberg and that, in the early 18th ch |
tury, Bartram sent to Europe specimens which wer —
figured by Dillenius in 1741 and became the basis (or patt oe
reales for Lycopodium obscurum and of that part of ee
original J. complanatum which is now set off as Val
flabelliforme or I, flabelliforme.

r. Wherry also comments on 12 species which i D
range-limits in one direction or another in Pennsylvaml® |

‘Schaffner, J, H., and Liang-Ching Li. Chinese species of pt
setum. Bull. Fan Mem. Inst. Bot. Ser. 9: 125-134 (1939). 7
18 probably the last thing Prof. Schaffner wrote; the manuscript
mailed to his Chinese colleague only two days before his death.

!
i
4
(
.

SHorTER NOTES . 63

Mr. J. B. Lewis and Prof. A. B. Massey have compiled
a carefully annotated list of 30 species and varieties of
fernworts known to occur in Amelia County, Virginia,
most of them collected by Mr. Lewis. Amelia County is
in the Piedmont and the list should give a good idea of
what ferns one may expect in that region.*

Mr. S. L. Meyer has published a brief account of the
fernworts (13 species) found in a mountain bog in Vir-
ginia. Incidentally, the lady fern, even in its broadest
sense, is hardly ‘‘cosmopolitan,’’ as he calls it; and the
particular form he mentions, Athyrium asplenioides, is
confined to the southeastern United States.‘

Shorter Notes

DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN BOTRYCHIUM OBLIQUUM AND
Borrycuium pissectuM.—In looking over earlier num-
bers of the Fern JOURNAL, I came across an article
(Amer. Fern Journ. 11(4): 116) entitled, ‘Is Botry-
chium dissectum a Sterile Mutant?’’? One part of this
was written by Mr. L. S. Hopkins. Mr. Hopkins asks,
“Tf dissectum is a valid species, will some one please tell
us just how deep the laciniations must be to make it so?”’

Evidently the distinction depends not upon the ge
but upon the character of the laciniations. Mr. E.
Graves, in his article on ‘‘Deseribing Botrychiums”’
(Aum: Fern Journ. 25(4): 117) says: ‘‘Botrychium
dissectum Spreng. can always be distinguished from
B. obliquum by its lobes being cut into rectangular seg-

? Wherry, E. T. Notable oo ferns. Proc. Pennsyl-
vania Acad. Sei. 11: 52-54 (19
3 Lewis, J. B., and Massey, A. i ‘Done and fern allies of Amelia
County, Virginia, Virginia Journ. Sci. 1: 26-29 (1940). The Vir-
ginia J, alles. of Science succeeds Claytonia.
4 Mey r, 8. L. Pteridophyta of a bog near ‘‘ White Pine Lodge,’’
Giles Gane Virginia. Virginia Journ. Sei. 1: 29-30 (1940).

64 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ments, notched or dissected at the end. This is never
true of obliquum; its lobes may be evenly notched, but
are never deeply cleft into rectangular segments.’’ I do
not know whether this distinction had ever been noted
before Mr. Graves stated it, but in all the plants I have
found it is a reliable method for identifying obliquum
and dissectum.

On December 12, 1939, I found two Botrychiwms rather |
deeply laciniate only along the edges of the lobes. There Ze
Were the rectangular segments, notched at the ends, met- a
tioned by Graves, Clearly these should be placed under —
dissectum. I have a specimen just like these in MY
herbarium. But I have in my herbarium also another —
Botrychium Specimen, deeply serrate, almost incised, but
in this specimen the teeth or segments are not rectangular
but sharply and often narrowly triangular, hence it be-
longs under obliquum. [ am labeling one of my speck

mens as “‘Botrychium dissectum form less dissected than

usual,’’ the other as “Botrychium obliquum form more —
deeply serrate than usual.’’—C. L. Gruper, Fleetwood, .
Pa. :

A CorREcTION.—Due to an error in copying, I reported
Trichomanes Petersii A. Gray (Amer. Fern JOURN. 29: a
142. 1939) from Georgia as follows: ‘*Georgia: Walker

0., ‘2.5 miles northwest of Lafayette, April 24, 1938,
Pyron and MeVaugh No. 2751’ (also from Dade County —
and Tallulah Falls).”? The specimens from Walker and

ade Counties are Cheilanthes alabamensis (Buckl.) a

Kunze. Trichomanes Petersii is represented from Georgia

only by the A. B. Seymour collection from Tallulah Falls, |

Gard. Herbarium) :

seum, Harvard University,

(U. S. National Herbarium and N. x ot :
—Donovan §. CorRRELL, Botanical Mu 4

SHortTER Notes 65

Aw OsmMuNDA Hysrip.—Several peculiar specimens of
Osmunda recently came to my attention which, upon
close inspection, seemed undoubtedly to be hybrids be-
tween O. regalis var. spectabilis and O. Claytoniana.
Superficially these specimens resemble one of the many
aberrant forms that are not rare in the genus Osmunda.
Actually, however, they have some characters of the
former species, some of the latter, and some intermediate
between the two. Also many of the spores and sporangia
are abortive. I have been unable to find any reference in
the literature to hybrids in the genus Osmunda.

x OsmMunpa Ruggii, n. hybr., (O. Claytomana L. x re-
galis L. var. spectabilis (Willd.) Gray) lamina bipinnata ;
Pinnis ad rachin articulatis, basi breviter pubescentibus ;
pinnularum marginibus integris; pilis longis fulvis inter
sporangia gestis—CoNNeEcTiIcUT: Wilton, June 14, 1931,
L. J. Bradley ; same locality and collector, June 19, 1933
(herb. E. H. Eames no. 11,553), plate 5; from garden
of H. G. Rugg, Hanover, New Hampshire, June 20, 1934,
TYPE in the Gray Herbarium (plant transplanted from
garden of Mr. Huss, Hartford, Conn., presumably col-
lected near by in Connecticut according to Mr. Rugg),
plate 6.

I take pleasure in naming this new fern after Mr. Rugg,
who first noticed its peculiarities.

In the type specimen the fertile pinnae are borne in the
middle of the blade and the vegetative pinnae at the top
are somewhat abnormal, and bear a few sporangia. The
forking of the veins is quite variable, but there are never
aS many twice-forked veins as in Q. regalis var. spec-
fabilis. The characters of the hybrid and its parents are
Presented in the following table:

O. regalis var.
spectabilis
Fertile pinnae borne

terminally.

Base of pinnae artic-
ulate, glabrous.

Pinnules short-
pki a at most
bth dw hea

conflue

Var iris ‘Torked
twice.

Margin of the seg-
ments finely ser-
rate.

A few short, black

air 8, or none,
Ph the sporan-
gia

R. M. Tryon, Jr., Gray Herbarium, Combe

Mass.

American Fern Society

The following report of the Labor Day field meeting.
was received by the editors late in January and a
not be fitted into the first number for this year:

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

xO. Weatherbiana

Fertile pinnae borne
terminally or in
the middle of the

blade.

Base of pinnae ar-
ticulate, short-pu-
b

escent.
Pinnules sessile, from
5-7 of the terminal
ones confluent.

Many, usually most
of the veins forked
once.

Margin a Aap seg-
ments e

Long hairs among
the sporangia, at
first white, later
brown.

regret that it appears so tardily.

Whether it was the distance from metropolitan
or the Labor Day migrations, only three members °
society made the trip to Lake Shehawken, Wayne Com
Pa.; Dr. Edgar T. Wherry, Dr. Robert T. Clause,
Saturday afternoon Was »
about the lake collecting Isoetes Brawnii, various §
of phaenogamous aquatics, and the pteridophyta °
found about the lake.

the leader, W. L. Dix.

stichum Braunii was also visited.

On Sunday a trip was made to the other station
_P. Braunii on Shrawder Mountain. A stop was

The unusual station

0. Coy
hire Rens borne
middle of
re wade

Base of pinnae not :
articnam pubes:

Disabil deeply pin
natifid.
Veins forked once.

Margin of segments
entire.

a

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 30, PLATE 5

xOsmunda Ruggii. Mr. Bradley’s specimen, collected in the
wild, showing leafy apex.

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 30, PLATE 6

x OSMUNDA Rueeir.

+ -
Typr SPECIMEN, FROM Mr. Ruaea’s GAR

Re ee ee Se ee Pe a ee ee ae as

eee ee ee ae ee ee

Se ee Se ee ae ee ee ea

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY 69

the way at Island Lake where Dr. Clausen collected

among other Isoetes a single plant of I. riparia. On the

shore of Lake Hiawatha the locality, where Botrychium

multifidum had been found the previous year by the

leader, was visited. Photographs of the plant were taken

(by Dr. Wherry), as this locality represents quite a

southerly range extension of this plant. At this same .
locality the variant B. multifidum ssp. silaifolium (Presl)

Clausen was collected.

n a bog near Lakewood, about three miles south of
Lake Shehawken Dryopteris Boottii and D. cristata were
collected. Near here was found another specimen of
Botrychium multifidum. A few miles further south, in
Little Hickory Lake, were found Isoetes Brawnii, and
Myriophyllum tenellum. In a swamp between this lake
and Bone Lake one of the highland stations for Dryop-
teris simulata was visited. This fern covers quite an
extensive area here among Rhododendron maximum and
Osmunda cinnamomea. At Bone Lake Dr. Wherry col-
lected another Isoetes which he reports is I. ripari.
These collections by Dr. Wherry and Dr. Clausen repre-
sent quite an extension of the supposed range of this
Quillwort.

Monday morning a trip to the hills of Susquehanna
County just beyond Starrueca was made with the hope
of finding Botrychium multifidum in that County. Al-
though none was found, an interesting station for Mi-
mulus moschatus, previously found by Mr. Dix, was
visited near Starrucca. Dr. Wherry has since reported
that on his way home, just south of Thompson and about
five miles south of Starrucea, he found some plants of
Botrychium multifidum.

The objectives of this trip were to visit these new
localities for Botrychium multifidum, and to secure
photographs of them in their habitat. As two new sta-

70 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

tions for this fern were discovered (two since the trip
by the writer) it is quite apparent that this species may
have a more southerly range than was formerly sup-
posed, and that it may be looked for in suitable localities
in the mountains of northern Pennsylvania. —W. L. Du.

A field meeting, with headquarters at Jacksonville,
Florida, was held Jan. 2 and 3, 1940, under the able
leadership of Mrs. W. W. Diddell.

The first day’s journey was to Fort George Island at
the mouth of the St. John River. This island appears
to have been an immense oyster-bed from which the
waters of the ocean have receded. It has upon it runs
of slave-houses and remains of other buildings that were
constructed of oyster-shells and mortar. Rollins College
has here a bird and plant sanctuary, presided over by
our talented hostess.

The fern-lovers quickly discovered, in addition to the
common Dryopteris normalis, Asplenium platynewrom
Marginaria polypodioides, and Cheilanthes microphylla
Interesting was Psilotum nudum, an epiphyte with #
Sporangia scattered along naked branches.

That evening the members of the Society gathered
together for a most enjoyable dinner. Early the nes
morning we motored to the lime-sinks of Orange Lake,
Williston, and adjoining areas.

ose of us who were familiar with the fern-growths
of other lime-sinks in Florida were thrilled with se j
individual Strangeness of those we visited on this trip:
Each sink seems to have species of ferns peculiar to itself.
The Surrounding terrain seems destitute of any fern-life
whatsoever, This serves to make the exploration of thes?
caverns doubly fascinating. ee

The first pit we visited required the use of a series?”
ladders to enable us to reach its depths. Here, in add

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY 71

tion to Dryopteris normalis and D. setigera, we obtained
numerous specimens of Pteris cretica Wilsonii, Asple-
nium Curtissii, A. abscissum and A. verecundum, and a
number of mosses.

At Williston the pits were not so deep. There we
secured Dryopteris augescens, Anemia adiantifolia, Gont-
opteris reptans, and Asplenium heterochroum.

On the road from Ocala to Tampa, we found beautiful
specimens of Asplenium pumilum clinging to the rocks,
also Polypodium plumula and Asplenium platyneuron.

In another section, we descended into a large sink from
which we entered an immense cave. Here we obtained
Dryopteris setigera, Asplenium verecundum and A.
abscissum.

None of these sinks yielded any specimens of Tectarva
heracleifolia, or the many variations of Pteris multifida
and P. cretica which I had obtained on a journey of the
previous year to the sinks near Istachatta, a few miles
away.—Epmunp Leroy Dow, Palm Beach, Florida.

New member:
Chastain, Troy G., 507 Court House, Atlanta, Georgia.
Irving, F. N., 3323 Mt. Pleasant St., N. W., Washington, D. C.
Jones, Miss Myra H., 34 West Road, Old Bennington, Vt.
Webber, Mrs. M. Bernard, 5 Hillside Ave., Bedford, Mass.

Changes of address:
Hall, Miss Anna L., 319 Monroe St., Brooklyn, N. Y.
Hartwell, Mrs Florence B., Bolton, Vermont.
Hiss, Mrs. Berry, 31 Overlook Ave., Summit, New Jersey.

To the members of the American Fern Society :

You have now all received a copy of the Index to the
first 25 volumes of the JournaL of your Society. cheat
Planning, directing the compilation of, and final editing
of this Index was an exceeding arduous undertaking, but
I was happy to be able to carry it out so as to make more

12 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

useful to all of us the store of interesting and valuab
information on ferns contained in these volumes. How
ever, many members who have joined in more recent years”
do not have in their libraries the earlier volumes. Please _
don’t forget that the Society has complete sets for sale at
a very low figure. By purchasing the volumes you lack, :
you will not only be obtaining for yourself a large amount _
of worth-while reading matter, but also will help th ,
Society furnish to its members still more fern literature
in the future—Epear T. WHERRY.

The following extracts from letters to the Secre
may serve to supplement Dr. Wherry’s note.

. three copies reached me yesterday. Am afré
I shall have to ask someone to lock them up so that Ica
have the Journal only evenings. They are just what
have searched for.’’

‘‘T’ve had the Society in mind since the May issue ¢
1925 of the Geographic—‘ Ferns as a Hobby’ by Wilh
R. Maxon—and if I get as much good out of the Jo
as I do from my ferns—well, I’ll go places.”’

Only, we hope that not every newcomer will wal
long as the second gentleman before trying the Jou

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4 AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY
2
EDITORS
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: R. C. BENEDICT W. R. MAXON
o
CONTENTS

__ Ferns and Fern Allies of South Carolina
H ‘bs Vetma D. MaTTHEWs 73
d between Polystichum braunii and P. at
__acrostichoides ........ R. H. Tomson ano R, L. Corry 81 —
wel Ferns and Fern Allies of the Kutztown-Fl

_ at 27 Raymond

: a 2 Le 8. Ho "RING . weaeeeennseneee a

Che American Fern Society

Council for 1940
OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR
Rozert T, CLAUSEN, Bailey Hortorium, Ithaca, N. Y. omePresident
JosePH Ewan, Boulder, Cohiritie.... <3. ee Vice-President
Mrs, Etsiz G

IBsON WHITNEY , Albany, Ne Yo enn OMT
Henry K, SvEnson, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, N. ¥.

OFFICIAL ORGAN

American Fern Journal
EDITORS
C, A. WEATHERBY 27 Raymond St., Cam! Cambridge, Mav
_C. Benzpict .................. 1819 Dorchester Road, Brooklyn, N. 2
WW, Be Misow <2: ‘Smithsonian Institution, ; Washington, D

An illustrated quarterly devoted to the ee, study of ome
Subscription, $1.25 per year, foreign, 10 cents extra;
to members of the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY (anual -—
pe ae wai feet $25.00). Extracted pear if ordered in ae parcel

orders of six volumes or mo
Matter for pablieation ch should be addressed to C. A. al

Orders for back numbers Ae; "oth business

- svt be Sdireae fo the Frnt of the Soa.
: LIBRARIAN 7 : mot .
| Mise Have A ose, sash owt Botanic Garden, B :

CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM

Amprican Bern Imwnal

Vou. 30 JuLty—-SEPTEMBER, 1940 No. 3

The Ferns and Fern Allies of South Carolina
Veutma D. MatrrHEews

In 1914 Miss Laura M. Bragg published a list of the
ferns from the coastal region of South Carolina, which
included 22 species represented by specimens in her-
baria.! This is the most complete list which has been
published for the state.

In the present paper the writer attempts to list by
counties all the species of Pteridophytes which have been
collected in South Carolina and are represented by speci-
mens. A map is presented to show the number of species
which have been collected in each county. A dot indi-
cates a species, but one dot may represent a great many
different collections. Unfortunately, no collections have
been made in a few of the counties and the number of
‘collections is small in others. The writer has taken short
trips through several of these counties without making
any collections. However, if one knew all the undis-
turbed areas one would undoubtedly find a number of
species in every county. Perhaps others will soon collect
specimens to fill in the gaps. Up to the present time 68
species with several varieties and forms are known from
South Carolina. There are reports in the literature and
_ [Volume 30, No. 2 of the JouRNAL, pages 41-72, plates 3-6, was
issued June 23, 1940.]

1 Bull. Charleston Museum 10: 17, 1914; republished with addi-
tions in this JourNaL 4: 83, 1914. Other notes on South Carolina
ferns have appeared in this JOURNAL 11: 90, 1921; 24: 99, 1934;
26: 127, 1936; 28: 115, 1938; and 29: 73, 1939.

73

74 AMERICAN F'ERN JOURNAL

in manuals of several other species, but so far no speci-
mens of them have been seen.

This paper would not have been possible without the
cooperation and assistance of a large number of people,
and the writer wishes to take this opportunity to express
her appreciation to some of them. Dr. W. C. Coker has
made suggestions, furnished specimens, and _ provided
facilities for working at the Highlands Biological
Laboratory. Dr. Edgar T. Wherry has supplied data
as to habitats, valuable records from several herbaria on
the distribution of many species, and other material.
Miss Alma Holland and Dr. H. L. Blomquist have read
and made suggestions for the preparation of the manu-
script. The following have generously made collections
available for examination, furnished general informa
tion, and aided in field-work: Dr. J. H. Barnhart, Mr.
Milby Burton, Dr. Robert T. Clausen, Dr. H. A. Gleason,
Mr. Norman R. House, Dr. S. A. Ives, Mr. Wm. A.
Knight, Dr. W. R. Maxon, Dr. P. J. Philson, Mr. H. A. :
Smith, Mr. F. G. Tarbox, Jr., Miss Elizabeth A. Williams, —
and Mr. G. L. Wittrock. My associates at Coker College,
Mr. Willard Hewitt, Mr. B. E. Smith and Dr. Elizabeth —
Davidson, and my students have collected with me ™ —
many trips. 3 “

The citations of specimens are made with the followms |
abbreviations for the herbaria: ‘‘A’’—The Academy of
Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. ; ‘‘B’’—Bailey Hor- :
torium; ‘‘C’’—Converse College; ‘‘CC’’—Coker Col
lege; ‘‘Ch.”"—Charleston Museum; ‘‘Cl.’’—Clemsoh
College; ‘‘D’’—Duke University; ‘‘G’’—Gray_ He
barium; ‘‘F’’—Furman University; “ysl :
Botanical Garden; ‘‘N.C.’’—University of North Care"
lina ; ‘‘NY’’—New York Botanical Garden; ‘‘P tee: :
versity of Pennsylvania; ‘‘Pr.’’—Princeton; hh 8 ete
University of South Carolina ; “Tg?—United State
National Herbarium.

A por

Map or SourTH CAROLINA, SHOWING THE DISTRIBUTION OF PTERIDOPHYTES BY COUNTIES.
REPRESENTS A SPECIES.

76 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

PTERIDOPHYTA
Order 1. OPHIOGLOSSALES
Family 1. Opntoguossacrar Adder’s-Tongue Family.
1. Borrycuium Sw.

1, BorrycHtum ALABAMENSE Maxon.
Alabama Grape-Fern.
Moist woods and fields; autumnal. Counties. GREEN-
VILLE: Jamison Mill Creek 4 miles northwest of Gowels
ville, Wherry (A). Pickens: Easley, Fullbright (F):

2. Borrycuium pirerNATUM (Savigny) Underwood.

Southern Grape-Ferl. —

Pastures and woods in the coastal plain; vernal. Cow

ties. ArkEn: Aiken, Ravenel (C, G). CHARLESTON:

Charleston, De Witte (NY). Ricuanp: Columbia, Tay
lor (G, NY).

3. Borrycutum pissectum Spreng.
Cut-leaved Grape-Fern.
Moist, shaded, low woods ; autumnal. — Counties.
REENVILLE: Jamison Mill Creek 4 miles northwest of
Gowensville, Wherry (A). Lancasrer: Forty-acre Rock,
ptepety (CC). Pickens: Easley, Clausen and Trapido
(B, CC), Fullbright (F),

4. Borrycutum OBLIQUUM Muhl.
Coarse-lobed Grape-Fem™
Moist woods and pastures; autumnal. Clause?
others consider this as a variety of B. dissectum.
form which has been given the name B. obliquum
tenwifolium is more abundant than the typical »
obliquum. Counties. ANpEerson: Anderson, Davis (A).
Beavrort: Bluffton, Mellichamp (US); Dale, 0s"
(CC). Brrxerey: northwest of Bellisle school, Clause”
and Trapido (B, CC). CHaruesron ; Bulow Mines, Mat-

FERNS OF SoutTH CAROLINA 77

thews (CC). CuHeroxer: Gaffney, Matthews (CC).
DaruINGTON : Society Hill (Pr.); Lauther’s Lake, Mat-
thews and Smith (CC). Eperrmup: Edgefield, Josey
(CC). FLorence: along Black Creek, Matthews and
Smith (CC). Gxorgerown : near Brookgreen, Matthews
and Hewitt (CC); Georgetown, Tarbox (US). GrEEN-
VILLE: bank of Matthews Creek, Wherry (A). GREEN-
woop: Greenwood, Lawrence (CC). Horry: south of
Myrtle Beach, Matthews (CC). Lancaster: Forty-acre
Rock, Matthews (CC). OconrgE:—Anderson (US); Jo-
cassee, Correll and Barksdale (D). OranersurG: Eutaw
Springs, Matthews and Hewitt (CC). Pickens: near
Easley, Clausen and Trapido (B, CC). RIcHLAND:
southwest of Columbia, Smith (US). Sumter: Poinsett
State Park, Matthews (CC); Wateree River swamp,
Holdaway (D).

9. Borrycurum virGINIANUM (L.) Swartz.
Rattlesnake Fern.
Moist shaded woods; vernal. Counties. ANDERSON:
Anderson, Davis (A, G). BERKELEY: near Moncks Cor-
ner, Leeds (A), Wherry (A), and Matthews (CC);
Pinopolis, Matthews (CC). CHar.Eston : Otranto, Web-
ber and Bragg (Ch.). Custer: south of Chester, Cald-
well (CC). Daruineton: Lauther’s Lake, Coker (CC).
GREENVILLE: Vaughan’s Gap, Peattie (NC); north of
Greenville, Loomis (A); Paris Mt—(CC). Horry:
South of Myrtle Beach, Matthews (CC). LANCASTER:
Forty-acre Rock, Matthews (CC). McCormick: Me-
Cormick, Matthews and Fooshe (CC). ORANGEBURG:
Eutaw Springs, Matthews and Hewitt (CC). PIckENs:
Round Top Mt., Correll (D). Ricuuanp: Columbia,
Philson (CC).

2. OpniogLossum L.

1. Opmogtossum croraLopHoRomes Walter.
Adder’s-Tongue Fern.

78 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Moist pastures and pine woods. No recent collections
of this species have been made in South Carolina. Dr.
Clausen doubtfully referred Nuttall’s specimens from
South Carolina at the Academy of Natural Sciences in
Philadelphia to this species; but see remarks under #2
below. Ravenel’s specimen at the Charleston Museum
has on the label ‘‘S. C. in light soil, pine woods.’’. How-
ever, the specimen at Converse College gives Pinopolis
(Berkeley County) as the locality and the date as Feb-
ruary.

2. OPHiogLossuM NuDICAULE L. f. (O. tenerum Mett.)
dder’s Tongue.
Damp open savannahs of the same type as that where
one finds Lycopodium adpressum. Thanks are due to
Dr. Clausen for the identification of the Dillon collection.
Dr. Wherry compared specimens of this collection with
those of “O. pusillum”? Nutt. collected by Nuttall in
South Carolina in 1818 and reports that they are al
‘exact match.’’ Counties. Daruineron: Grass plot
Coker College Arboretum, Hartsville, Matthews (CC):
ILLON : Damp open savannah, with Lycopodium adpres-
sum, 3.7 miles north of Dillon city limits on right side of

highway #9, Matthews and Smith (CC, A, NC, B, D)-

Order 2. Fimicaues
Family 1, HYMENOPHYLLACEAE Filmy Fern Family.

1. Hymenoruyiuum J. E. Sm.
1, AYMENoPHYLLUM TUNBRIDGENSE (L.) J. E. Smith.
Tunbridge Filmy Fer
Shaded granitic or gneissoid rocks. For a repo ¢
the recent discovery of this fern by Mrs. Mary 8. Tay: “
see the Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society
54: 345, 1939. Counties. Pickens: on a large rock i

|

a eee ee ee

FERNS OF SouTH CAROLINA 79

a deep gorge in Pickens County, Taylor and Coker (NC,
CC); on vertical face of a small rock ledge, Wherry,
Benedict, and Correll (A).

2. TrIcHOMANEs L.
1. TRICHOMANES BOSCHIANUM Sturm.
American Bristle-Fern.
On moist shaded rocks, usually on overhanging sur-
faces. Counties. Oconee: Tomassee Falls, H. D.
House (A).

2. TricHomangs perersu A. Gray. Dwarf Filmy Fern.
On damp shaded rocks, usually on vertical faces.
Counties. Pickens: on rocks in a deep gorge in Pickens

‘County, Taylor (D, NC); same location, Taylor and

Coker (NC, CC); on rocks in gorge of Eastatoe Creek,
Wherry, Benedict, and Correll (A).

Family 2. OsMUNDACEAE Cinnamon Fern Family.
Osmunpa L.
1. OsmMUNDA CINNAMOMEA L. Cinnamon Fern.

Moist woods, fields, and swamps. This fern is probably
present in every county of the state. Counties: Aiken,
Allendale, Anderson, Bamberg, Beaufort, Berkeley,
Charleston, Cherokee, Chester, Chesterfield, Clarendon,
Colleton, Darlington, Dillon, Dorchester, Florence,
Georgetown, Greenville, Hampton, Horry, Jasper, Ker-
Shaw, Lancaster, Lee, Lexington, Marion, Marlboro,
Oconee, Pickens, Richland, Spartanburg, Sumter, and
Williamsburg.

2. OsmuNpDa rEGALIS L. Royal Fern.

Moist woods, swamps, and fields. Counties: Aiken,
Allendale, Anderson, Beaufort, Berkeley, Charleston,
Cherokee, Chesterfield, Clarendon, Colleton, Darlington,

80 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Dillon, Florence, Georgetown, Greenville, Hampton,
Horry, Jasper, Kershaw, Lee, Lexington, Marion, Marl-
boro, Oconee, Richland, Sumter, and Williamsburg.

Family 3. Scurzaracear Curly Grass Family.

1. Lyegoptum Sw.
1. Lycoprum saronicum (Thunb.) Sw.
Japanese Climbing Fern.
Moist woods along streams. Escaped from cultivation.
Counties. DorcHEsTEr : Summerville, Correll (D, NY);
Matthews and Hewitt (CC); Trudell (A). RICHLAND:
Columbia, Martin (Ch.). Sumrer: 10 miles south of
Sumter, Coker (NC).

2. Lyeopium paLMatuM (Bernh.) Sw.

American Climbing Fern.

Moist banks and shaded woods. Counties. DARLING

TON: on the banks of a drainage ditch at edge of town

of Hartsville on highway #35 going south, Matthews and

pues (CC). Greenvmiz: Caesar’s Head, Ravenel
h.).

(To be continued)

A Hysrip IN PoLystTicHuM 81

A Natural Hybrid between Polystichum braunii
(Spenner) Fee and P. acrostichoides
(Michx.) Schott.

R. H. THompson anp R. L. Corrin

In delving through fern literature one finds many notes
and articles about hybrids between species of the Wood-
fern group, but so far no mention of a hybrid or the
possibility of hybridization between the Christmas fern
and Braun’s Holly-fern has come to the attention of the
authors of this paper. Since a remarkably clear hybrid
of these two species was found by them and because of
the presumable possibility of such a hybrid occurring
anywhere in the overlapping zone of distribution of the
two ferns, it was felt that a description of the hybrid
accompanied by photographs would be of interest to all
fern students.

In August, 1937, the authors and two other friends
spent ten days in a camping trip in the Green mountains.
The two friends hiked from the Canadian line to Mt.
Mansfield while the authors remained in the vicinity of
Smuggler’s Notch to find and photograph the different
ferns of the region.

It was while walking along a stream-bed in the Notch
that the hybrid was discovered. It was growing on a
shrubby hummoek about a foot above the actual bed of
the stream. Within one to five feet of it were several
Plants of typical Braun’s Holly-fern and later investi-
gation disclosed many plants of Christmas fern twenty-
five to thirty feet away, higher up on the bank.

The habit of growth of the hybrid is very similar to
that of the Christmas fern and not at all like that of
Braun’s Holly-fern ; that is, the hybrid, as does P. acrosti-
choides, sends up numerous fronds in a dense clump that
masks the crown. P. braunii, on the other hand, gen-

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 30, PLATE 8

HYBRID ABOVE; P, BRAUNIL BELOW

A Hysrip In Poiysticoum 83

erally produces five to eight fronds from the outside of
a distinct crown. It may produce many more fronds
(sometimes as many as 25-30), but the fronds always
flare out to give a narrow or broad urn-shape to the plant
as a whole and the upper surface of the fronds is more or
less fully exposed. The hybrid plant, as a whole, is
smaller than the Christmas fern. The mass of fronds
of the hybrid is so like that of P. acrostichoides in habit
that one continues on by, but with a feeling that all is
not as it should be. He returns to look more closely and
finds many resemblances in the plant to each of its paren-
tal species.

In the picture in which entire fronds of P. acrostich-
oides, the hybrid and P. brawnii are compared, one sees
that in outline the blade of the hybrid is shaped like that
of the Christmas fern. The pinnae leave off abruptly at
the base as in the Christmas fern, not continuing in di-
minishing size down the rachis as in Braun’s Holly-fern.
That is, one might say that the hybrid, like the Christ-
mas fern, has a distinct stipe of some length and not a
very short or almost indeterminate stipe like Braun’s
Holly-fern. The fronds of P. braunii normally taper
from the middle toward both ends. The fronds of both
the hybrid and the Christmas fern attenuate gradually
toward the tip and very slightly to the abrupt cessation
of pinnae at the base of the rachis.

he next most obvious point that one sees is that the
fronds of the hybrid are of the same shining, dark green
as those of P. brawnii. Also, the pinnae of the hybrid
are like those of P. braunii in being noticeably incised
and spiny at the tips of the pinnules. In general they
are not as deeply incised, being pinnatifid for the most
Part. At the base of the hybrid pinna there may be
distinet Pinnules, generally limited to the lower margin
of the pinna, and a gradation from that condition
through pinnatifid to merely incised. The pinnae thus

TOLUME 30, PLATE 9
AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL yOn )

= oe se ee an a al a ee Ce eT eT ee re Ce ee ea
7

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL VOLUME 30, PLATE 10

P, ACROSTICHOIDES. THE HYBRID. P. BRAUNIIL.

86 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

approach the condition of those of P. acrostichoides var.
Schweinitzw (Beck) Small. In typical Braun’s Holly-
fern the upper basal pinnule of a pinna is quite large
and the rest grade smaller from it. In the hybrid the
corresponding pinnule is noticeably larger than the rest.
From a comparison of the hybrid fronds with an equal
number of typical Braun’s Holly (the Braun’s fronds
taken at random) the apparent enlargement of the basal
pinnule in the hybrid seems to be the result of a suppres-
sion of the size of the remainder of the pinna. This
marked difference in size between the basal pinnule and
the rest of the pinna in the hybrid gives the pinna a
very similar shape to those of the Christmas fern—a half-
halberd-shape. The comparative size of the pinnules on
the upper and lower margins of the pinna also adds to
this similarity. In Braun’s Holly-fern, discounting the
large upper basal pinnule, the pinnules may be of equal
» Size on each side of the midrib, or, as is generally the case
with the pinnae in the middle region of the frond, the
pinnules on the lower side of the midrib are larger than
those on the upper. On all the hybrid pinnae the pu
nules on the upper side of the midrib are the large?
On the Christmas fern pinnae the blade on the uppe
side of the midrib is slightly wider than that on the
lower side. This difference in size is much more marked
mm the hybrid as can readily be seen in the picture ™
Which the upper portions of the fronds of the three plants
are compared. The attenuation of the pinnae is Val
able, within limits, in both the Christmas fern and
Braun’s Holly-fern, but, as can be seen in both pictur
comparing the three fronds the pinnae of the hybrid ee
tenuate more nearly like those of the Christmas fern.

3 The frond of the hybrid as a whole tapers toward the
tip as does the fruiting frond of the Christmas fet
though the fertile pinnae of the hybrid are not as reduced

A Hysrip IN PoLysTiIcHUM 87

as those of the Christmas fern. Fertile and _ sterile
fronds alike of Braun’s Holly-fern taper from the middle
toward both ends. In all cases seen, only the upper third
of the hybrid frond bears sori, as in the Christmas fern.
In typical Braun’s Holly-fern sori are quite frequently
borne on pinnae as far down as the middle of the frond
and even below the middle. In the picture comparing
the fertile portion of the three fronds it is the upper
third in each case that is fertile.

The arrangement of the sori is another point of com-
parison. On Braun’s Holly-fern the sori are generally
in two rows on the upper basal pinnule of the pinna and
in a single row on each of the rest of the pinnules. But,
on the pinnae near the tip of the frond they are more
commonly in two rows the length of the pinna with one
Sorus at the base of each pinnule. On the Christmas fern
they are in two rows the length of the pinna with ocea-
sionally a third short row parallel to these on the lower
half and two short rows on the basal lobe. On the hybrid
Plant the sori are in two distinct rows the length of the
Pinna as in the Christmas fern and the upper pinnae
of Braun’s Holly-fern, but there may be sori scattered
on the pinnules also.

The color of the fruit-dots is very different between
Braun’s Holly and the Christmas fern : those of Braun’s
Holly being dark-brown to black because of the dark-
-brown, shining sporangia and those of the Christmas fern
being light-brown or buff because of the light-brown
sporangia. The sporangia and likewise the sori of the
hybrid are light-brown like those of the Christmas fern.

In comparing the chaffiness of the three the hybrid
again takes an intermediate condition. It is quite chatty
at the base of the stipe like Braun’s Holly-fern but spar-
ingly so along the rachis. The Christmas fern is ws nc
ingly soft-chaffy along the rachis, though variable in this

88 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

respect, while Braun’s Holly-fern is markedly soft-
chaffy. This difference between the three is brought out
somewhat for the upper part of the rachis in the picture
comparing the upper part of the three fronds. These
are ventral surfaces so do not show the difference really
well,

Pressed fronds of the hybrid were compared with
herbarium material of P. aculeatum (Sw.) Roth, since
Braun’s Holly-fern was at one time classed as vat.
braunti of that species. They were also compared with
material of P. Dudleyi Maxon, P. lemmoni Underw. and
P. californicum (D. C. Eaton) Underw. The points of
difference between the hybrid and Braun’s Holly-femn
are of even more marked contrast between it and the first
three species cited. Likewise its similarities to Braun’s
Holly-fern separates it completely from P. californicum.

The hybrid plant bore sixteen fronds of which one was
forked two-thirds of the length. This may or may not be
of any morphological value since forking occurs widely
in typical-appearing species of ferns, but it is also of
frequent occurrence in hybrid ferns. In the habit ge
ture of the hybrid plant the two upper fronds, pointing
forward and appearing smaller than the rest of the
fronds are the two branches of this forked frond. ne
other plant was seen which seemed also to be a hybrid of
these two ferns though not to such a striking degree
This plant, as a whole, grew like that of Braun’s Holly-
fern and of the five fronds on it only one showed a0
unmistakable intermediate condition.

AMHERsT, MassacHuserts.

FERNS OF KUTZTOWN-FLEETWOOD AREA 89

Ferns and Fern Allies in the Kutztown-Fleetwood
Area, Berks County, Pennsylvania

C. L. GruBER
(Continued from p. 49)

DRYOPTERIS MARGINALIS (L.) A. Gray. Rocky and
stony slopes in woodland, on rocks, and on partly open
stony banks. Common. Specimens with forked fronds,
one small frond ternately divided, one plant with fronds
with crowded and overlapping pinnae, one frond with
no pinnae on lower half of one side, very small fruiting
fronds from dry shale cliff, one plant with two normal
fronds and two freak fronds only two to three inches
wide, a number of plants with pinnules more promi-
nently auricled at base, frequently on both sides.

Forma Traillae (Lawson) n. comb. Lastrea margi-
nalis 8 Traillae Lawson, Edinburgh New Phil. Journ. 19:
275 (1864). Nephrodium marginale, forma tripinnati-
fidum Clute, Fern Bull. 15: 21 (1907); 19: 50 (1911).
N. marginale, forma Traillae (Lawson) Clute, lc. Dry-
opteris marginalis, forma tripinnatifida (Clute) Weath.
Amer. Fern Journ, 26: 61 (1936). Fairly common.

Forma gLucans (J. Robinson) F. W. Gray. Occasional.
Tripinnatifid, with the basal pinnule on the lower side of
the lowest pinna longer than the others.

DRYOPTERIS MARGINALIS x SPINULOSA Slosson. One sta-
tion in Smoketown Hollow, 14 mi. s.e. of Bowers, another
mM mountain hollow s.e. of Flint Hill, beyond Lyons.
Rare. One specimen with forked frond.

Dryopreris FILIx-Mas (L.) Schott. This species has
never been found as far south as Pennsylvania and can
hardly be claimed as belonging to the Kutztown-Fleet-
Wood area ; but in 1912 I purchased a plant of D. filix-mas
from a nursery and planted it in my fern bed, where it
thrived and multiplied. And evidently from the spores

90 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

of this plant a young plant grew up close to the wall of a
porch on the northeast side of the house, more than fifty
feet from the parent plants. Today this is a full grown
specimen of typical D. filix-mas. The fact that this plant
perpetuated itself by spores more or less identifies it with
the fern flora of this region.

Dryopteris GOLDIANA (Hook.) A. Gray. One station
on bank in stony mountain hollow on ne. side of
Guinther’s Head, 1} mi. s.e. of Bowers. Rare.

Dryopreris cristata (L.) A. Gray. A few stations im
wet mountain hollows e. & s.e. of Fleetwood. Oceasional.
A frond of D. cristata, sterile in form and position, but
with a number of sori, was found by the writer (1908)
and sent to Dr. Clute. See Fern Buwetin 17: 1, 23. :

Dryopreris CLINTONIANA (D. C. Eaton) Dowell. One
station, in moist, stony mountain hollow, s.e. of Flint Hill,
beyond Lyons. Three plants. Rare. This is probably
var. genuina Wherry, but no fruiting fronds were found.

Dryopteris Boorrm (Tuckerm.) Underw. One station,
in moist mountain hollow, on bank of mountain rill, 2™
s.e. of Fleetwood. Rare.

Dryopreris sPrnutosa (O. F. Miill.) Watt. In damp
woods and on moist stony banks, sometimes in drier situ
tions at bases of trees and rocks. Fairly common. D.
spinulosa and D. intermedia are occasionally found at the
same station.

Var. FRucTUosa (Gilbert) Trudell. Rather rare.

Dryopreris INTERMEDIA (Muhl.) A. Gray. On any
slopes and sometimes in moist situations in woods and ss
partly open banks. Fairly common. Have one specimes
which appears somewhat skeletonized.

THELYPTERIS PALUSTRIS (L.) Schott var. ro
(Lawson) Fernald. In marshes and low moist grou
and along borders of ponds and streams. Fairly —
One large stand in a swampy lowland on eastern side °

FERNS OF KUTZTOWN-FLEETWOOD AREA 91

Kutztown, another along edge of pond a short distance
below Kutztown. ;

Forma frondosa (Farwell) n. comb. (Filix Thelypteris
f. frondosa Farwell). With type at second station men-
tioned above. Rare. One plant along Sacony Creek, 4
mi. above Kutztown.

Forma serratipinnula f. nov. Frondes bipinnatae, pin-
nulis prominenter serratis. Bipinnate with distinctly
serrate pinnules. A number of this form at second sta-
tion mentioned above. Type in writer’s herbarium.

THELYPTERIS NOVEBORACENSIS (L.) Nieuwl. Usually on
moist banks and slopes in open woods. Common. Found
one plant in wet soil along mountain rill, in dense shade,
with rich green fronds and very few or no reduced lower
pinnae. One forked tip of frond.

Forma fragrans (Peck) n. comb. (Dryopteris novebora-
censis f. fragrans (Peck) Burnham). Rare.

THELYPTERIS sIMULATA (Davenp.) Nieuwl. In and
along sphagnum swamp, south side of South Mountains,
about 2} mi. s.s.e. of Fleetwood. Rare.

PHEGOPTERIS HEXAGONOPTERA (Michx.) Fée. In open
stony woodland and wooded slopes, often in slightly moist
locations. Fairly common. One forked frond, one with
pinnae more widely separated than usual.

PHEGOPTERIS POLYPODIOIDES (L.) Fée. Two stations,
one at base of hill in mountain hollow 24 mi. s.e. of Fleet-
wood, in rich, moist soil; the other in crevices of a shale
cliff in the first railroad cut east of Virginville. This
Situation apparently is very dry, but there are evidences
that a considerable amount of moisture probably is seep-
ng down through the rocky bank. The plants at this
Station are much scalier than usual. Rare.

Purcopreris DRYOPTERIS (L.) Fée. Two stations, rich
depression on north stony slope at base of Wagenhorst’s
eis and bank at base of Umbrella Hill, near Kutztown.

are,

92 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ATHyRIUM ANGUSTUM (Willd.) Presl var. RUBELLUM
(Gilbert) Butters. In moist woodland and on stony,
partly open banks, sometimes in low rather clayey soil.
Fairly common. Sometimes red-stemmed. One plant
with dwarf (84 inches tall), fully fruited fronds. Vari-
able.

ATHYRIUM ANGUSTUM var. ELATIUS (Link) Butters.
Several stations, in woods, usually somewhat moist, and
along old woodland trails or on banks in open thickets.
Occasional. A distinct variety.

A fully developed specimen of this variety, if held up
toward the light, gives an impression of three ribs through
the middle of the pinna, one seemingly formed on each
side of the midrib by the elongated narrow basal segments
on the upper sides of the pinnules overlapping the basal
segment on the lower side of the next upper pinnule. The
pinnules are sharply acute.

Transitional forms between these two varieties ar
found. Frequently, especially under rubellwm, forms ate
found with the pinnae abruptly long-acuminate.

ATHYRIUM ASPLENIOWES (Michx.) Desv. Several st
tions in moist woodland and rich partly open banks,
sometimes in rather clayey soil. Fairly common. “*”
stemmed and green-stemmed. ; ;

Forma sustrIPINNaTuM Butters. Usually in low moist
ground. Occasional. Frequently red-stemmed. U0e®
sionally found with dimorphic fronds, especially
plants in open sunlight in my fern garden.

THYRIUM THELYPTEROIDES (Michx.) Desv. Several
Stations in moist, often rather open woods and alone
banks of streams. Fairly common. Fronds of plants
in open sunlight in my fern bed became thicker and ie
lowish green. One specimen with the basal segme?
the basal pinnae pinnatifid. ae

Forma serratum (Lawson) n. comb. (Asplenium |

Ferns or KutTzTOWN-FLEETWOOD AREA 93

lypteroides B serratum Lawson). Segments prominently
serrate. Occasional.

Forma acrosticHorpes (Sw.) Gilbert. A few stations,
one in Smoketown Hollow, 14 mi. s.e. of Bowers. Ocea-
sional. The segments in this form are usually more or
less serrate, sometimes prominently so.

ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON (L.) Oakes. Stony slopes
and banks, usually in open woods and thickets, on rocks,
and on stony, open banks on roadsides. Common.

Forma serratuM (E. S. Miller) Hoffm. Occasional on
shaded or open stony banks. In some of my specimens
the divisions of the pinnae are serrate or incised around
the obtuse or broad tip.

Forma incisum (Howe) n. comb. (Aspleniwm ebenewm,
var. incisum E. C. Howe.) One station, a number of
plants in crevices of shale slabs on open roadside bank, 3
mi. w. of Kutztown. Some pinnae are deeply incised or
even pinnatifid, others merely strongly serrate. One
specimen with frond forked at right angles near tip.

This is not forma serratum, as I know it, and it is not
forma Hortonae (Davenp.) L. B. Smith; so, although
forma inciswm is today recorded as a synony™ of forma
serratum, I am referring my plants to forma wmcsum
under the possibility that Howe’s inciswm is after all a
Separate and distinct form.

AspLentum TricHomanes L. In crevices of rocks,
usually in sheltered situations. Common.

ASPLENIUM Ruta-MuRARIA L. var. CRYPTOLEPIS (Fer-
nald) Christensen. One station, in crevices of wall of
limestone bridge abutment and a few plants on rocks
nearby, Stoudt’s Ferry Bridge over Schuylkill River,
about 8 mi. s.w. of Fleetwood. Rare. Some 0 my
Specimens are skeletonized, with barely enough green
tissue to support the mass of sori underneath, others are
deeply cut in linear segments around the apex of the
Pimnules,

94 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ASPLENOSORUS EBENOIDES (Scott) Wherry. (x As-
plenium ebenoides Scott.) One plant in erevice of cliff
of hard shale, right bank of Sacony Creek, about 4 mi. w.
of Kutztown. Rare.

CAMPTOSORUS RHIZOPHYLLUS (L.) Link. On limestone
and other rocks and on stony banks, usually at least.
partly shaded. Found two colonies on granitic rock. A
few specimens were found with slightly cut fronds, pos-
sibly approaching forma Boycei C. L. Wilson. Specimens
with forked fronds.

ANCHISTEA virGINIca (L.) Presl. (Woodwardia vir-
ginica (L.) J. E. Smith.) Two stations, one in sphagnum
swamp on south side of South Mountains, 24 mi. s.8.e. of
Fleetwood, the other in moist ground on summit of moun-
tain, near Ludwig’s school house, 14 mi. s.e. of Fleetwood.

are.

LorINsERIA AREOLATA (Li.) Presl. (Woodwardia areo-
lata (L.) Moore.) One station, in sphagnum swamp 0?
south side of South Mountains, 24 mi. s.s.e. of Fleetwood.
At same station where Dryopteris simulata and Anchistea
virginica are growing. Rare.

ADIANTUM PEDATUM L. In rich soil, on wooded, often
stony slopes and banks. Common.

PTERIDIUM LATIUSCULUM (Desv.) Hieron. Dry 0p@
woods and gravelly slopes. Common. pee

Var. pseupocaupatum (Clute) Maxon. In writer's
yard.

A few plants were found which were very fragrant
while young. These might be distinguished by @ f™
name, just as the fragrant form of the New York el
's called forma fragrans under similar conditions; but
the delightful odor seems to be caused only by @
porary seasonal condition. es 4

Two plants were found with erisped or curly segments
shorter and more rounded than usual, and several plants :

FERNS OF KUTZTOWN-FLEETWOOD AREA 95

were found on which the segments were decidedly faleate
or hooked. On one plant the segments of the upper half
of the frond were faleate while the lower portion was
normal; and this peculiarity seems to indicate that
probably both the curly and the faleate segments are the
result of some pathological condition.

PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA (L.) Link. In erevices of
rocks, usually limestone or hard shale. One station in
crevices of a wall of the ruins of an old building (Sally
Ann Furnace). Fairly common. Specimens with forked
pinnae and forked tip.

ELLAEA GLABELLA Mett. One station, in crevices of
the abutment wall of Stoudt’s Ferry Bridge across the
Schuylkill River, 8 mi. s.w. of Fleetwood. On the east
side of the bridge only P. glabella grows, in company
with Asplenium Ruta-muraria var. cryptolepis; on the
west side only P. atropurpurea is found. Rare.

HEILANTHES LANOSA (Michx.) Watt. One station,
growing rather plentifully on a number of hard shale
rocks, on partly wooded bank, right bank of Sacony
Creek, 4 mi. w. of Kutztown. Rare. At the same station
where Woodsia ilvensis and Selaginella rupestris are
found.

Potyroprum vireintanum L. On top of rocks, faces
of cliffs, sometimes on stony banks, occasionally at or on
bases of trees. Common. One specimen with forked tip
and pinna, two fronds each with a fish-tailed pinna.
Specimens approaching forma elongatum (Jewell) Fer-
nald. A small frond with narrow, crowded pinnae.

Forma acummnatrum (Gilbert) Fernald. (P. v. forma
st ia (Millsp.) Broun.) Occasional on rocky

8.

Equiserum arvense L. On sandy banks, on railroad
embankments, sometimes in low moist ground or on
‘tony, clayey flats, occasionally in moist open thickets.

96 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Common. Rather variable in different situations. One
specimen with branches only at the top and toward base
of stem, none in the middle.

Forma PseuDOsYLvATIcuM (Milde) Luerss. With the
type, especially among later growth. Fairly common.

Forma pecuMBens (Meyer) Klinge. Usually on sterile
banks, but occasionally along rich meadow borders.
Fairly common in some locations. |

Forma pirrusum (A. A. Eaton) Clute. In similar
situations as the above form. Occasional.

Forma nemorosum A. Br. Usually along bases of
moist shaded banks or in damp hollows. Oceasional.

EQuIseTUM PREALTUM Raf. Two stations, sandy bank
along stream and meadow. Rather rare. A number of
specimens with groups of small fruiting cones along
upper part of stem.

Equisetum ruuviaTite L. In water along margins of
slow streams and in ponds, in muddy flats, and on b

“of ditches. The most fruitful patches were found in @
swampy lowland from which the water receded in late
spring. Common near Kutztown. :

Found stumps of this species, on May 15, 1936, ™»
mersed under five to ten inches of water, which were not
winter-killed and from the joints of which new growth
started. Found specimens, on October 18, 1935, ff esh and
green, with long, stout, stem-like branches from near

ase.

Forma timosum (L.) Clute. (E. f. var. limoswm (L.)
Gilbert.) See Fern Journ. 26 (3): 92. (E. f. forms
Linnaeanum (Dill) Broun.) Occasional with the tyP&

QUISETUM SYLvATICUM L. var. MULTIRAMOSUM (ie
nald) Wherry. One station, near Fleetwood eT
= upper part of moist hollow in open, elevated field, :
side of road going up. A fine stand. Rare. Some
tance below this is a good stand of EH. arvense.

FERNS OF KUTZTOWN-FLEETWOOD AREA 97

LycoroDIuM LUCIDULUM Michx. Wet woods, in low
ground, on banks and moist stony slopes, sometimes in
drier situations. Common.

LycoPopIUM FLABELLIFORME (Fernald) Blanchard. (L-.
complanatum Li. var. flabelliforme Fernald). In sterile,
often stony woods, on dry slopes or moister levels, some-
times along moist banks in the open. Common. One set
of specimens with axis of cones projecting one-half to
one inch beyond apex of cone, the projection with many
acute scales. One specimen with only two fruiting cones;
specimen with bifid cones, having approximately 5 or 6
cones; specimen with approximately 6 cones arranged
racemosely or pinnately.

One colony of plants was found near Fleetwood, which
in some characteristics resembles LD. flabelliforme, in
others L. tristachyum. No fruiting plants were found.
Dr. Wherry informs me that specimens like these have
been found in about ten counties in Pennsylvania. They
deserve a varietal name.

Lycopoprum. osscurum L. This is variety genwinum
Wherry. In moist, usually stony woods. Fairly common.

Var. DENDROIDEUM (Michx.) D. C. Eaton. In stony
woods and rocky or gravelly open woodland, often in
drier situations than L. obscurum var. genuinum. Fairly
common in a limited number of stations. Rarely fruiting
In this area.

Lycoroprum cuavarum L. One station, on dry bank in
rather open woods, upper level of South Mountains, near
Herbein’s Cut, s. of Fleetwood, near old iron ore mine.
No fruiting specimens found.

ELAGINELLA apopa (L.) Fernald. In low, wet grounds.
Occasional. The month of June, 1938, had an excessive
‘mount of rainfall and during the summer a number of
Patches of this selaginella appeared in the lawn at a
bungalow along Maidenecreek, near Virginville. The

98 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

lawn was about four feet above the normal level of the
stream and had been flooded twice during the rainy
period. .

SELAGINELLA RUPESTRIS (L.) Spring. One station,
above and on ledges of hard shale rocks, on wooded slope
along right bank of Sacony Creek, 4 mi. w. of Kutz
town. Rare.

Among other ferns and fern allies in Berks County,
outside of the Kutztown-Fleetwood area, one or more of
the following persons, Mr. Leibelsperger, Mr. Wilkens,
Mr. Brumbach, Dr. Berkheimer, and Mr. Nunemacher,
have reported Botrychium simplex E. Hitche. var. tené

brosum (A. A. Eaton) Clausen, Athyrium pycnocarpon |

(Spreng.) Tidestr., Athyrium angustum (Willd.) Pres
var. typicum Butters, Dryopteris Clintoniana (D. C.
Eaton) Dowell var. australis Wherry, Aspleniwm pi
natifidum Nutt., and Isoetes Engelmanni A. Br. Pos
sibly there are two or three other species not yet definitely
determined.

FLEETWOOD, Berks County, PENNSYLVANIA

PILULARIA IN TEXAS 99

Pilularia in Texas
CHARLES LAMOorTTE

A thick stand of Pilularia, most probably Pilularia
americana A. Br., has been found in the flat, gravelly
bed of a shallow creek just off the southeast foot of
Granite Mountain, about one mile west of Marble Falls
in the Llano Uplift region of Central Texas. Appar-
ently this is the first station that has been found in the
State. The species has for years been known to exist
in the West Coast region from California to Oregon and
in western Arkansas and central Georgia.

The scarcity of known stations does not necessarily
mean that Pilularia is so limited in its distribution and
abundance. The plant is a miniature thing, having an
almost filamentous underground rhizome from which the
tiny roots and leaves arise, the latter extending up
through water or air an inch or so. These slender awl-
Shaped leaves are scarcely distinguishable from those of
many young sedges and other semi-aquatic plants found
jm the same habitat. Indeed the author of this paper
found it difficult to distinguish the Pilularia plants, with-
out lifting them out of the soil, from the numerous small
Plants of Isoetes lithophila growing there. In this con-
hection the following bit of personal experience may be
of interest,
Since 1928 the writer has from time to time collected
material of Isoetes for research and teaching purposes
from Granite Mountain. In the summer of 1934, on one
of these visits, he found that a prolonged drouth had
caused all of the Isoetes plants to die down to their
orms, thus leaving the spores mostly free in the soil.
So he scooped up.some soil and took it along for later
Separation of spores from the sand and debris. It so
happened that during the following winter a fellow stu-

100 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

dent in the laboratories of plant morphology at the Uni-
~ versity of Illinois examined some of this material through
mere curiosity and found a number of small seed-like
structures which, upon careful examination, turned out
to be sporocarps of Pilularia! It was not until the
spring of 1938, however, that the writer had opportunity
to return to Granite Mountain at a suitable time to find
the plants in vegetative condition. Then, strangely
enough, he searched for nearly two hours to find any
specimens; and, upon retracing his steps after he did
find them, he observed that he had trampled hundreds —
and perhaps thousands of specimens under foot before —
recognizing them. It is very likely, therefore, that this —
station for Pilularia would yet be unknown, even though —
quite frequently visited by botanists, had it not been for
the curiosity of a young student of botany as to what
he could find in a handful or two of gravelly soil.
Pilularia is closely related to the widely distributed
pepperwort or four-leaf water fern, Marsilea, and like
Marsilea it grows best in shallow water which maintains
about the same level throughout a considerable grows
season. Another related genus, known as Regnellidwm,
has been found in South America but not in Nor'
America. Its general features and structural details .
have recently been described by Johnson and Chrysler
(Amer. J. Bot. vol. 25, p. 141, 1938). Oddly enous!
a Marsilea frond has four leaflets, Regnellidium has two,
and Pilularia has none. A Pilularia frond appeals,
therefore, to be nothing more than a petiole oF rachis, 4
probably evolved by reduction from an ancestral a“ 2
with leaflets. Regnellidium, then, would appeal ? ©,
respect as intermediate between Marsilea and P ilulars
and Johnson and Chrysler (l.c.) have show? that it
intermediate in many other respects. All are ie
Sporous, however, and all manifest cireinate verna

RECENT FERN LITERATURE 101

in their young leaves. In this type of vernation they
resemble the large-leaved ferns. All bear their spores
in sporocarps, which are probably highly modified fertile
pinnae enclosing the sori. These interesting sporocarps,
the heterosporous habit of the plants that bear them, the
greatly reduced, non-green prothallia, the speed with
which the spores may develop into mature gametophytes
—often in less than 24 hours—the peculiar fast-develop-
ing embryos with their cup-shaped haustorial organs for
Securing nourishment from their mother prothallia—all
these and many other striking features combine to make
this family a most fascinating one.

Where the family belongs in the phylogenetic ‘‘tree”’
is a question on which by no means all botanists agree:
Perhaps it is best, however, to place it in the Filicales
and to look upon it as a very highly specialized family
of ferns. There is certainly considerable evidence that
the Marsileaceae are not closely related to the other
“‘water ferns’? represented by Salvinia and Azolla and
Should not be classified with them as constituting an
order of closely related families distinct from the
Filieales,

Be that as it may, we now have another station for
Pilularia americana where there is a ereat abundance of
material when the spring growing season is favorable.
April is probably the best month for an abundance of
Mature sporocarps.

Brotogy DEPARTMENT,

AGRICULTURAL AND MECHANICAL COLLEGE
or Texas, CoLLEGE StaTIoN, TEXAS.

102 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Recent Fern Literature
Mr. Warren C. Wilson gives, in the National Horti-
cultural Magazine 19: 39-43 (1940), a pleasant and ae-
curate account of the common species of Ophioglossaceae,
illustrated with excellent photographs of living plants
in their natural habitats.

Mr. F. M. Abbey has given directions for growing @
number of New England ferns. He has no time for such
niceties as the correct spelling of latin names or the
classification of the species concerned (he puts Dryop- —
teris cristata and D. marginalis into Polystichum, while -
retaining D. spinulosa in Dryopteris), and one cannot
but wonder if he really finds Dryopteris cristata, known
to most of us as a swamp fern, along ledges in open wood-
lands. But he has grown the ferns in Vermont and m
“ordinary garden loam soil’’; and those who have gat
dens should get useful hints from his experience.’

Prof. Featherly and Miss Still (now Mrs. Russell)
have issued a revised edition of their ‘‘Ferns of Okla-
homa”’ (a notice of which may be found in the JouRNAL
24: 115). The revision consists in the addition of on¢
Species (C, castanea) to Cheilanthes and of a useful
Sketch showing the difference between the scales of C.
Fendleri and those of (. Wootoni, and in the bringing UP
to date of some of the nomenclature—a process unfor-
tunately attended by such misspellings as ‘‘resilians :
and ‘“‘feliz-mas.’’ It is rather a pity that the revision
could not have been extended so that running rootst
and sori would not be attributed to Osmunda; as it &
the virtues and defects of this convenient little manual :
remain much as they were.?
te? i ir cultivation. Real
pet deity - ge spree ferns and their ¢

ee E I. and ail Clara Still. Ferns of OF 939. s
Oklahoma A. & M. College Exp. Sta. Cireular 80 (revised) 19
24 pp., cuts,

SHORTER NOTES 103

Shorter Notes

AZOLLA FILICULOIDES ON Lone IsLAND.—Professor W. C-
Muenscher! reported Azolla caroliniana Willd. as abun-
dant in the Peconic River at Riverhead, Long Island, in
the summer of 1938. Basis for this report was a field
determination, seemingly justified by the fact that A.
caroliniana was the only species of Azolla recorded from
eastern North America. Since subsequent critical study
of the specimens (W. C. Muenscher and O. F. Curtis, Jr.
6646 and 6647) from the Peconic River indicated ‘that
they were A. filiculoides Lam., they were distributed
under that name. Evidence that the plant was probably
introduced is afforded by the fact that two species from
tropical America, Anacharis densa (Planchon) Marie-
Victorin and Myriophyllum proserpinacoides Gill., are
also naturalized in the Peconic River.

Torrey? reported Azolla caroliniana from a kettle-hole
pond in Queens. From his description of the plants as
} to } inch long, the supposition is that they probably
were A. caroliniana, but specimens seem not available to
Substantiate this report. For the separation of the two
species of Azolla, the following key may be useful.

A. Plants 1-9 em. long, much branched; leaves 0.8-1 mm. long ;
megaspores coarsely roughened; masses of microspores with
NON-Septate BlOCHiGia .cscccremcenneneonsmnenenteemenneennmne A, filiculoides

AA, Plants 0.5-3 em. long, less branched than in A; leaves 0.6—0.8%
mm. long; megaspores finely roughened or granulate; masses

of microspores with septate glochidia ...........-—- A. caroliniana

Rosert T. CuausEN, Bailey Hortorium, Cornell Uni-
a ernty, d ree New York

‘ Muenscher, W. C. Aquatie vegetation of Long Island Waters-
Suppl. 28th sin, Rep. N. Y. S. Conserv. Dept. Biol. Surv. XIit.

= nia
eee Azolla caroliniana survives in Queens kettle-
hot = Torreya 34: 11-12. 1934.

* Leaves of some large specimens from South Carolina, recently

*xamined, measured up to 1 mm. long.

104 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Because of editorial lapses for which Mr. Tryon was I
no way responsible, two errors appeared in his note on
Osmunda hybrid in the preceding number of the Jo
NAL. On page 65, seventh line from the bottom, “

specimen’’ should read ‘‘Bradley specimen. ee
illustration clearly shows, the type specimen has the f
tile pinnae at the top. In the first line of page 66,
Weatherbiana should, of course, read O. Rugg.
former name was considered, but later discarded as i
fitting in view of the fact that Mr. Rugg was the first
point out the peculiarity of the plant and that I
couraged him. But it was used in the tabular mat
which was experimentally set up in advance of the
of the note and, through my carelessness, was not chang
when the two parts were put together for publication
C. A. WEATHERBY.

American Fern Society

Changes of address:
Miss Harriet E, Baker, 1819 South Hobart Blvd., Los Angi
Calif
Chale E. DeVol, American Friends Mission, Luho, via Nani
hing. .

Lowe, Mrs. Frank E., 62 Neal St., Portland, Maine.
Stifler, Mrs. James ve 1225 ied: y St., Wilmette, Tl.
Uphoff, Mrs. Emma M., 2526 Lavin "Oc Troy, N. Y.
New members:
— Charles W., 23 Sandycreek Road, Wilkinsburg, P%
gner, Warren Horie Jr., 7708 Morningside Drive,
Vier B.C.

The Journau is indebted to Mr. R. H. Thompso”
defraying part of the cost of the illustrations accom
ing the article on a hybrid of Polystichum acm ost
and P. Braunii.

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Fern Journal

A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS
Published by the

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY
ad

EDITORS
C. A. WEATHERBY

_ R.C. BENEDICT Ww. R. MAXON

ad

CONTENTS
D. M. Moore 105

sheen V. D. Marrnews 119
; H. G. Ruee 129
ioe

Che American Hern Society

Council for 1940
OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR
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Henry K. Svenson, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, a Y.

OFFICIAL ORGAN

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Vou. 30 OcTOBER—DECEMBER, 1940 No. 4

Arkansas Pteridophyta’
Dwicut M. Moore

The Pteridophyta of Arkansas have received attention
from naturalists and botanists for well over a century.
From the observations of Thomas Nuttall in 1819 (1),
down to the present, these plants have attracted the inter-
est of many people and several lists have been published.
The last complete list was published by Branner & Coville,
1891 (4), nearly half a century ago. Buchholz, 1924
(11), made some changes in and additions to this list.
Buchholz & Palmer, 1926 (14), made several additions to
the catalogue of Arkansas ferns which are here included
for completeness. Some local studies have been made and
published in various articles. Recently Scully, 1937
(23), and 1939 (25), has published lists of the ferns of
the Hot Springs National Park region.

So much has been added to our knowledge of the ferns
of Arkansas since the publication of the last complete list
that it seems highly desirable to bring together this knowl-
edge to date.

Among the interesting species that have been added to
the list since Buchholz’ notes (11) should be mentioned
Woodsia scopulina. This fern, usually referred to as the
Rocky Mountain Woodsia, was reported from Magazine
Mountain by Palmer in 1924 (12). Other stations for

*Research Paper No. 450. Journal Series, University of
Arkansas. The author has paid for extra pages necessary to print
the whole of this paper in this number.

Volume 30, No. 3 of the JourNat, pages 73-104, plates 8-10,
was issued October 2, 1940. ]

At gere

105

106 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL |
this fern in the East have been reported from time to time |
(18) but, as yet, there is only one station for it known in
Arkansas. |
A study of the various specimens of Cystoperis fragilis
in the University of Arkansas herbarium discloses the fact |
that, in addition to the typical phase of the species, there
are also several sheets which have been identified as var.
protrusa Weatherby (21). These were collected in Ben-
ton, Washington and Hot Spring counties. ——.
An unusual colony of Dryopteris was discovered in |
1931, near Shirley, Van Buren County, by a party includ-
ing E. J. Palmer, Delzie Demaree, and the writer. It was |
growing in a moist rocky wood associated with Dryopterss ;
marginalis. Its sori, however, instead of being marginal, —
were midway between the margin and the midveins of ;
the pinnules. It showed some resemblance to D. clit-
toniana and some to D. celsa. After considerable study
it was designated by Dr. E. T. Wherry, 1937 (22), as P.
clintoniana var. australis. |
Dryopteris spinulosa had been reported by LesqueretX —
(2) and questioned by Harvey (3) and Buchholz (11).
In 1924 this fern was found by the writer on the north
slope of Magazine Mountain and reported by Buchhola
and Palmer (14). :
Dennstaedtia punctilobula was reported from Magazine
Mountain by Palmer (12). It has also been reported
from near Pine Bluff. f
The Lady Ferns have been found in various parts :
the state. But since Butters (9) has clarified this grou
it appears that there are two of them in the state, V!¥
Athyrium asplenioides and its more divided form, oo
subtripinnatum. The species is common in moist sh@ |
situations throughout the state, and the form has pe
recognized from three scattered stations but is proba’
more common that the records show.
There has been some uncertainty concerning the o¢

eur

ARKANSAS PTERIDOPHYTA 107

rence in Arkansas of Athyrium angustum. The speci-
mens in the herbarium of the University of Arkansas
which had been labelled by their collectors as this species
have been examined by Dr. F. K. Butters who labels
them A. asplenioides. However Dr. Scully (25) lists
this species and, in a personal letter to the writer states
that his material was determined by the late Dr. J. K.
Small. On this authority this species is included in the
present list.

Specimens distributed by Mr. E. J. Palmer under the
label Athyrium thelypteroides, Hot Springs (#24513),
were among those checked by Dr. Butters who designates
them as A. asplenioides. Since other reports of this
former species in the state are without supporting speci-
mens, it is omitted from the list of Arkansas ferns until
further evidence proves it present.

Seott’s Spleenwort, that interesting hybrid between
Asplenium platyneuron and Camptosorus rhizophyllus
Which Wherry has recently (23) designated as x Aspleno-
sorus ebenoides, is reported associated with the two par-
ents in many states. However, until recently, it had not
been reported in Arkansas. In October, 1937, this was
found by the writer in northern Crawford County on a
cliff above Lee’s Creek erowing near both of the reputed
parents.

Pellaea glabella was reported by Buchholz and Palmer
(14) from Bella Vista, Benton County, and has recently
been found at one other station along White River in

enton County.

Another interesting form of Pellaea was found by the
Writer near West Fork, Washington County. Its pinnae
iach mostly dichotomous and crowded toward the sum-
mit, and it has been identified as P. atropurpurea f. cris-
tata, which apparently had previously been reported only
from Eureka, Missouri.

108 AMERICAN FERN JouRNAL

Cheilanthes feei was first found in the state by Palmer
in 1927 and since then has been collected by the writer in —
four counties, always on dry caleareous cliffs. Such rocks

along Buffalo River afford an excellent place for this fern.
_ Adiantum capillus-veneris, which had previously been
reported from only one station in Washington County, has
now been found by the writer in several places in three
counties, in the seepage from limestone.

f the species of Osmunda only two have previously
been reported, 0. cinnamomea and O. regalis var. spec-
tabilis. In June, 1926, Dr. John T. Buchholz, while
stopping at the hotel at Freeman Springs, northern Pope
County, observed some specimens of OQ. claytoniana L.
a vase and was told they had been collected near a sprimg
at Sand Gap. He tried to locate the plants without suc —
cess and also failed to get any of the specimens for her-
barium records. Since that time he has made attempts
and the writer has sought to locate this supposed station
for this fern. After ten years these efforts met with
success, when in June, 1936, the writer found a fairly
large colony growing above a persistent spring 0.9 mile
west of the store at Sand Gap (Pelsor Post Office), Pope
County, growing near O. regalis and O. cinnamomed and
several other ferns of like habitat. This find confirms
Buchholz’ observation and adds this species to m
previous records,

Ophioglossum engelmanni has been reported i”
numerous stations, particularly on shallow soil on lime
Stone outcrops. This fern usually occurs in rather mes
groups. Reference to this feature has been meee
Palmer (16). It seems that these have been conside 2
humerous separate plants in spite of the fact that ve
Gray’s New Manual of Botany, 7th edition (6) they er
been described as ‘sometimes proliferous”’ mo fot
slender, fleshy roots, although this habit is question

ARKANSAS PTERIDOPHYTA 109

another species in Britton & Brown’s Illustrated Flora,
(7). In digging some of these from a typical location
near Green Forest when the soil was in good condition, it
was observed that many of the roots showed budding
plants and some even showed as many as four or five from
the same root. Numerous observations at other stations
prove that this is a common mode of multiplication in this
region. Prince, 1918 (10), called attention to this same
habit in adajacent Stone County, Missouri.

Marsilea vestita, previously reported for the state (11)
but without locality, has been located in a small pool
along Arkansas Highway #4 near the line between
Bradley and Drew Counties.

Equisetum arvense, while of very common occurrence
in the states to the north and east has never been reported
in Arkansas. In the fall of 1935 this was found by the
writer in a single locality in the northeast corner of Wash-
ington County among the seepage on the slope of a north-
facing cliff along War Eagle Creek. It seems probable
that it should be found elsewhere in the state.

Species of Lycopodium have long escaped discovery.
In December, 1931, Dr. Flora A. Haas, of the Arkansas
State Teachers College, found a specimen of Lycopodium
in Saline County and sent it to the National Herbarium
at Washington where it was identified as L. adpressum
Lloyd & Underwood. This was reported by Dr. Haas at
the meeting of the Arkansas Academy of Science, April
14, 1933. It is the only record of any species of Lyco-
podium in Arkansas.

Selaginella rupestris, which was questioned for the
State by Buchholz (11), has been reported by the writer
(26) from six counties of north Arkansas, always growing
on dry sandstone outcrops.

Selaginella apoda, previously reported as S. apus, has

a found in various wet situations in five other coun-
les,

110 : AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

With the above changes and allowing for revisions in
nomenclature, the number of Pteridophyta reported for
Arkansas is now 67.

It is interesting to compare the number of different
Species and varieties reported in the various published
lists:

1819—Nuttall (1) ............ 23 1891—Branner & Coville (4) 4
1860—Lesquereux (2)........ 35 = 1924—Buchholz (11) coven 49
1881—Harvey (3) ........... 39 = 1939 —Present List veccccurw 67

In the list which follows the nomenclature conforms to
Broun’s Index to North American Ferns (25). Synonyms
are given only when the fern has previously been reported
under, or is well known by, another name. With further
study it is quite certain that the knowledge of both the
species in the state and of their distribution will be greatly
extended.

Systematic List or ARKANSAS FERNS
Class : FImIcINEAE
Order I. FmicaLes
Family 1. Ponypopracear. Fern Family
1. OnoctEa sENsiBiuis L. Sp. Pl. 1082. 1753. Sens
tive Fern. Wet, muddy soil. Common. : ;
2. Woopsia oOBTUSA (Spreng.) Torr. Cat. Pl. im Geol.
Rep. N. Y. 195. 1840. Blunt-lobed Woodsia. lifls
and banks. Common. 90
3. Woopsta scoputina D. C. Eaton, Can. Nat. II. 2: ?
1865. Rocky Mountain Woodsia. Found only on leds
on north side of Magazine Mountain, Logan County.
4. Cysropreris supirera (Lu.) Bernh. in Schrad. we
Journ. 17:10. 1806. Bulblet Fern. Shady and mo
rocky ledges and talus slopes. Nw.
5. CYSTOPTERIS uae Bernh. in Sebrad. New.
_ Journ. 1°; 26. 1806. Brittle Fern. Sheltered slop®
and rock crevices.
6. CYSTOPTERIS PRAGILIS var. PROTRUSA Weatherby,

ARKANSAS PTERIDOPHYTA 111

Rhod. 37: 373. 1935. Moist, wooded slopes and rock
erevices. Hot Springs, and Benton and Washington
Counties.

7. DRYOPTERIS CLINTONIANA var. AUSTRALIS Wherry,
AMERICAN Fern JourRNAL, 27: 2, Pl. 1. 1937. Clinton’s
Shield Fern (southern variety). Moist rocky woods near
Shirley, Van Buren County. Rare.

8. Dryopteris cristata (L.) A. Gray, Man. 631. 1848.
Aspidiwm cristatum (L.) Sw. in Schrad. Journ. Bot. 1800:
37. 1801. Crested Shield Fern. Swamps of South-
eastern Arkansas.

9. DrYopreris MaRGINALIS (L.) A. Gray, Man. 632.
1848. Aspidium marginale (.) Sw. Marginal Shield
Fern. Rocky woods and ledges. Common.

10. DRYOPTERIS NOVEBORACENSIS (lu.) A. Gray, Man.
630. 1848. Aspidium noveboracense (L.) Sw. New
York Fern. Swamps near Hot Springs and probably
southward. ;

ll. Dryoprerig sPINULOSA (O. F. Mill.) Watt, Can.
Nat. II, 3: 159, 403. 1867. Aspidium spinulosum (O. F.
Mill.) Sw. Spinulose Shield Fern. Found in only one
locality on Magazine Mountain, Logan County.

12. DRYOPTERIS THELYPTERIS Var. PUBESCENS (Lawson)
A. R. Prince ex Weatherby, AMERICAN Frrw Journat 26:
95. 1936. Aspidium thelypteris (L.) Sw. Northern
Marsh Fern. Marshes, Washington and Little River
County,

13. Puecopreris wexaconoprera (Michx.) Fée, Gen.
Fil. 243. 1850-52. Dryopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.)
: Chr. Broad Beech Fern. Open rocky woods. Com-

on

14. PoLYsTICHUM ACROSTICHOIDES (Michx.) Schott, Gen.

Fil. Pl.9, 1834 Christmas Fern. Woods and thickets.
Common.

15. Potysticnum acrosticHowes forma ivcisum (A.

112 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Gray) Gilbert, List N. Am. Pterid. 19. 1901. Poly- a
stichum acrostichoides var. schweinitzii (Beck) Small, :
Bull. Torr. Club, 20: 464. 1893. Found with the species, —
seattered. .
16. DENNSTAEDTIA PUNCTILOBULA (Michx.) Moore, Ind.
Fil. xevii. 1857. Dicksonia punctilobula (Michx.) A —
Gray, Man. 628. 1848. Hay-scented Fern. Rich, —
shaded woods, Magazine Mountain and Jefferson County.
17. ATHYRIUM ANGUSTUM (Willd.) Presl, Rel. Haenk.
1: 39. 1825. Upland Lady Fern. Shady banks of
streams or in low, rich woods. Hot Springs (Scully, 25), :
18. ATHYRIUM ASPLENIOIES (Michx.) Eat. Man. 122. :
1817. Asplenium asplenioides (Michx.) D. C. Baton. 7
Athyrium filix-foemina var. asplenioides (Michx.) ae
well. Lowland Lady Fern, Southern Lady “Fern.
Swamps, moist woods and thickets. Throughout the state
19. ATHYRIUM ASPLENIOIDES forma SUBTRIPINNATUM
Butters. Collections from Harrisburg, Sand Gap, and
Grassy Lake with the species.
IPLAZIUM PYCNOCARPON (Spreng.) M. Broun, lr
dex to North Am. Ferns, 1938. Asplenium angustifolium
Michx. Asplenium pycnocarpon Spreng. —_
leaved Spleenwort. Cool, moist woods and calcareous —
talus slopes. mee
21. Camprosorus RHIZOPHYLLUS (L.) Link, Hort. ee
2: 69. 1833. Walking Fern. Moist and mossy i q
or cliffs. ub
22. ASPLENIUM BRADLEY! D. C. Eaton, Bull. Torr. “a
4:11. 1873. Bradley’s Spleenwort. Crevices of ee
noncaleareous cliffs. Northwest Arkansas. Bewie ;
3. ASPLENIUM crypToLEPIs Fernald, Rhod. 30: * a
1928. Aspleniwm ruta-muraria Am. auth. not L. +
Rue. ‘Sheltered Limestone cliffs, Northeast Arkans’ y
Lesquereux (2). Rare. se
4, eee PINNATIFIDUM Nutt. Gen. 2: 251. 18th 7

ARKANSAS PTERIDOPHYTA 113

Pinnatifid Spleenwort. ‘‘Limestone cliffs, Northwest
Arkansas.’’ Scarce. Lesquereux (2), Harvey (3).

25. ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON (L.) Oakes ex D. C.
Eaton, Ferns of N. Am. 1: 24. 1878. Ebony Spleen-
wort. Rich woods and rocky ledges. Common.

26. ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON forma seRRATUM (LE. S.
Miller) Hoffman, Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist. 36: 193. 1922.
Var. incisum (E. C. Howe) B. L. Robinson. Often found
with the species.

27. ASPLENIUM RESILIENS Kunze, Linnaea, 18: 331.
1844. Asplenium parvulum Mart. & Gal. Mem. Acad.
Brux. 15: 60, pl. 15. 1842; not Hook. 1840. Black-
stem Spleenwort, Smaller Spleenwort. Rocky ledges
(chiefly limestone) Northwest Arkansas.

28. ASPLENIUM TRICHOMANES L. Sp. Pl. 1080. 1753.
Maidenhair Spleenwort. Moist, sheltered caves and
ledges, chiefly non-caleareous. Nw

29. x ASPLENOSORUS EBENOIDES (R. R. Scott) Wherry,
Am. Fern Journ. 27:56. 1937. x Asplenium ebenoides
R.R. Scott. Seott’s Spleenwort. Found on rocky ledge
on Lee’s Creek, Crawford County, with Asplenium platy-
neuron (L.) Oakes and Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.)
Link, of which it is a proved hybrid but known to per-
petuate itself in Alabama. :

. PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA (L.) Link, Fil. Sp. Hort.
Berol, 59. 1841. Purple Cliff Brake. Calcareous out-
crops. General.

31. PELLAEA aTRopURPUREA forma cristata (Trel.)
Clute, Fern. Bull. 15: 47. 1907. Crested Cliff Brake.
Caleareous outerops. Westfork, Washington Co. —

32. PELLAEA GLABELLA Mett. ex Kuhn, Linnaea, 36: 87.
1869. Smooth Cliff Brake. Caleareous cliff above
‘leg Bella Vista and White River, Benton County.

are,

33. NorHoLAENA DEALBATA (Pursh) Kunze, Am. Journ.

114 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Se. II, 6: 82. 1848. Powdery Cloak Fern. Dry, Cal-
careous rocks. Nw. Not common.

4. CHEILANTHES ALABAMENSIS (Buckley) Kunze,
Linnaea, 20:4. 1847. Alabama Lip Fern. Calcareous
rocks. Hot Springs and Northwest Arkansas.

35. CHEILANTHES FEET Moore, Ind. Fil. 38. 1857.
Slender Lip Fern. Dry calcareous cliffs. Rare. North-
west Arkansas.

Hairy Lip Fern. Dry, usually calcareous rocks. North-
western Arkansas.

7. CHEILANTHES TOMENTOSA Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 42.
1833. Woolly Lip Fern. Dry, usually calcareous rocks.
Western half.

38. ANCHISTEA VIRGINICA (L.) Presl, Epim. Bot. 71.
1851. Woodwardia virginica (L.) J. Sm. Virginia
Chain Fern. Swamps of Southern Arkansas. (Nuttall).

39. LoRINSERIA AREOLATA (L.) Presl, Epim. Bot. 72.
1851. Woodwardia areolata (L.) Moore. Dwarf Chaim
Fern. Swamps and wet woods, in very acid soil. South-
east half. o

40. ADIANTUM cAPILLUS-vENERIS I. Sp. Pl. 1096. 1753.
Venus-hair Fern. Wet limestone cliffs and calcareous
springs. Scattered in northwest half of the state.

41. ADIANTUM pEpatum I, Sp. Pl. 1095. 1753.
Maiden-hair. Moist, rich woods throughout the state.

2. Preripiom LATIUSCULUM (Desv.) Hieron. ex R. B.
Fries, Wiss, Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod.-Kongo-Exp. 1: 7:

914. Pteris aquilina of American authors, in part, 08
Ii.: -1753. Eastern Bracken. Dry open woods. =
western half of the state.

- Prerpium Lamiuscutum var. PaEUDOCAUDATES
(Clute) Maxon, Am. Fern Journ. 9:44. 1919. Foun
abundantly in Northwest Arkansas.

ARKANSAS PTERIDOPHYTA 115

44. Poypopium PoLyPopioiwEs (L.) Watt, Can. Nat.
II, 3: 158. 1866. Resurrection Fern, Gray Polypody.
Mossy cliffs and tree trunks. Com

45. POLYPODIUM VIRGINIANUM L., ee Pl. 1085. 1753.
Common Polypody. Moist, mossy, non-calcareous rocks.
Northwest.

Family 2. OsmuNDACEAE. Cinnamon-fern family

46. OsMuNDA cINNAMoMEA L. Sp. Pl. 1066. 1753.
Cinnamon Fern. Swamps and wet woodland depressions.

47, OSMUNDA CINNAMOMEA f. FRonDosA (Torr. & Gray)
Britton, Cat. Pl. N. J. 312. 1890. seed open woods,
near Malvern, Hot Springs County. Rar

48, Bota CLAYTONIANA L. Sp. oL 1066. 1753.
Interrupted Fern. Damp, sandy soil above spring near
Pelsor, Pope County. Rare.

49. OSMUNDA REGALIS var. SPECTABILIS (Willd.) A.
Gray, Man. Ed. 2, 600. 1856. Osmunda spectabilis
Willd, Sp. Pl. 5:98. 1810. Royal Fern. Swamps and
Wet woodlands.

Order II. OPHIOGLOSSALES

Family 1. Opnroguossacear. Adder’s-tongue family

50. OPHIOGLOSsUM ENGELMANNI Prantl, Bericht. Deut.
Bot. Ges. 1: 351. 1883. Limestone Adder’s Tongue.
Thin, clay soil on calcareous flats. Nw and Sw

51. OpHiocLossum vuteaTum L. Sp. Pl. 1062. 1753.
Adder’s Tongue. Wet Meadows. Sw and Se.

52. Borrycutum jerngaie Spreng. Anleit. Kennt.
Gewachse, ed, 1, 3: 172. 1804. Botrychium obliquum
Var. dissectum (Spreng.) Prantl. Cut-leaved Grape
Fern, Bottom-land woods. Fall. Washington County.

3. Borrycuium pissectum var. TENUIFoLIUM (Un-
derw.) Farwell, Papers Mich. Acad. Sci. 3: 89. 1924.
B. obliquum var. tenuifolium (Underw.) Gilbert. Me-
Nab, Hempstead County.

116 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

54, BorRYCHIUM DISSECTUM var. OBLIQUUM (Muhl.)
Clute, Fern. Bull. 10: 76. 1902. B. obliquum Muhl.
Grape Fern.

59. BoTRYCHIUM MULTIFIDUM var. SILAIFOLIUM (Presl)
Broun, Ind. N. Am. Ferns, 41. 1938. B. ternatum var.
intermedium D. C. Eaton. Leathery Grape Fern. Low
woods, St. Francis River and Hempstead County (Pal-
mer).

56. BoTrRYcHIUM VIRGINIANUM (L.) Sw. in Sehrad.
Journ. Bot. 1800: 111. 1801. Rattlesnake Fern. Rich
woods. Northwestern half of the state. Common.

Order III. Satvrntaes
Family 1. Sanvintacear. Salvinia family
97. AZOLLA CAROLINIANA Willd. Sp. PL 5: 541. 1810.
Mosquito Fern. Floating in ponds, sloughs and ditches.
Southern.

Family 2. Marsineacrar. Pepperwort family

58. Marsinea vestiTa, Hook & Grey. Ic. Fil. 2: pl. 159.
1831. Hairy Pepperwort.

59. PinuLaria AMERICANA A. Br. Monatsb. Kén. Akad.
Wiss. Berlin, 1863: 435. 1864. Pillwort. Water Pep-
per. Collected in 1819 near Fort Smith. Not reported
since.

Class: EQUISETINEAE
Order IV. EQuisETALEs
Family 1. Equiseracear. Horsetail family :

60. Equiserum arvense L. Sp. Pl. 1061. 1753. ~~
Horsetail, Caleareous seepage. Northwest corner °
Washington County. ee

61. Equiserum LAEvicATuM A. Br. Am. Jour. Sel. 46:
87. 1844. Equisetum hyemale var. intermedium A. A.
Eaton. Smooth Scouring-rush. Calcareous deposits nea?
spring, Jasper, Newton County. Also reported from
Palarm and Conway, Faulkner County.

ARKANSAS PTERIDOPHYTA 117

62. EQuisETUM PREALTUM Raf., Fl. Ludoy. 13. 1817.
Equisetum robustum A. Br. Equisetum hyemale var.
robustum (A. Br.) A. A. Eaton. Tall Scouring rush.
Banks of streams. Not common.

Class: LYCOPODINEAE
Order V. LicopopIALEs
Family 1. Lycopopracear. Clubmoss family
63. Lycopoptum appressum (Chapm.) Lloyd & Underw.
Bull. Torr. Club, 27: 153. 1900. Lycopodium inun-
datum var, adpressum Chapm. Southern Clubmoss.
Low, wet, sandy soil. South of Benton, Saline County.

64. SeLAGINELLA Apopa (L.) Spring ex Mart. Fl. Bras.
1: 119. 1840. (as ‘‘apus’’). Creeping Selaginella.
- Springy places, wet, open meadows and wet non-caleare-
ous cliffs. Northwest half of the state.

65. SELAGINELLA RUPESTRIS (L.) Spring, Flora, 21: 149,
182. 1838 Rock Spikemoss. Dry or moist non-eal-
Careous cliffs. North.

Class: ISOETINEAE
Order VI. IsoETALES
Family 1. Isonracear. Quillwort family
66. Isonres BUTLERI Engelm. Bot. Gaz. 3: 1. 1878.
Butler’s Quillwort. Temporary pools, often calcareous.
Not common, :
67. IsonrEs MELANOPODA Gay & Durieu, Bull. Soe. Bot.
France, 11: 102, 1864. Quillwort. Shallow ponds and
ditches. Northwest.
University or ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, ARKANSAS

: LITERATURE
Nuttall, Thomas. 1837. Collections toward a flora of the
territory of Arkansas. Trans. Am. Phil. Soc. (New series)
“ES 2: 139-203, Phila. 1837.
~ “€squereux, Leo. 1860. Botanical and palaeontological Re-
Port of the Geological State Survey of Arkansas.

118 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

oe

Harvey, . L. 1881. Ferns of Arkansas. Bot. Gaz. 6: 18%
0; 213-215.
Branner, : ohn C., & F. V. Coville. 1891. A List of the

4,
Plants of Rvekeas, in the Annual Report of the State
Geologist

5. Benedict, R. 0. 1908. Studies in Ophioglossaceae. Torreya
8: No. 4-5 and 9: No.

a

10.
. Robinson, B. L., & M. L. Fernald. 1908. Gray’s New Manual
of Botany, ‘Tth ed.
7. Britton, N. L.,& A. Brown. 1913. ot Flora of North-
ern United States and Canada, 2nd ed.

Pickett, F. L. 1917. Is Patines enti mee a Distinct
Species? AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL,

9. Butters, Frederic K. 1917. Taxonomic & dae Studies
in North American Ferns. I. The Genus Athyrium and
the North American sg Allied to Athyrium Filia-femina.
Rhodora, 19: 170-216. September, 1917.

pe

10 Spee S. Fred. 1918. Ophioglossum Engelmanni. AMERE
N FERN age 8: 657.
11. beni. John 1924, Notes on — Pteridophyta-
AMERICAN ee mee 14
12. Palmer, Ernest J. 1924. wo sete Ferns from At
kansas, AMERICAN re JOURNAL, 14: p.
13. Gray, F. W. 1924. An Interesting Extension of the Rang?

for Pellaea glabella. AMERICAN FERN JouRNAL, 14: 24
125. pe 2
14. Buchholz, J. T., & E. J. Palmer.’ 1926. Supplement to
oe ie Arkansas Plants. Trans. Acad. Sei. St. Louis,
25: 91-1 &
15. Palmer, ay fe & J. A. Steyermark. 1932. The ie
Fern Allies of Missouri, AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL, "
105-122,
16. ee Ernest J. 1932. Notes on Ophioglossum Bn
nni, AMERICAN FERN JouRNAL, 20: 43-47.
17. Pilates John H. 1932. Diagnostic Key to the
Equisetum. AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL, 22: 69-79
128,

1934, Ansar

cies of
ae 192-

18. Wherry, Edgar T. 1934. Fern Field Notes.
CAN FERN JouRNAL, 24: 101— jonal
19. Palmer, Ernest J., & J. A. Steyermark. 1939. ee ea
Records tice Missouri. AMERICAN FERN

FERNS OF SoutH CAROLINA 119

20. espe C. A. 1935-37. A List of Varieties and Forms
f the Ferns of Eastern North America, AMERICAN FERN
Of 18 :

he RNAL, 45-51; 95-10 35 26: 11-16; 60-69
94-99 ; nara 193 27: pp. 20- ; 51-56.
21. Weatherby, C. 35. A New Variety of Cystopteris

19
fragilis. as. 37: 373-375.
22, Wherry, Edgar T. 1937. Southern Occurrences of Dryopteris
clintoniana. AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL, 27: 1-5.
22. Wherry, Edgar J. 1937. A Hybrid Fern Name and Some
ew Combinations. AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL, 27: 56-59.
23. Seully, F. J. 1937. Ferns of the Hot ea National Park.
AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL, 27: 59-6
24. Broun, Maurice. 1938. Index to sah ‘Adecioan Ferns.
25. Scully, F. J. 1939, Ferns of Hot ilps National Park and
Vicinity. gocuies History Journal, no. 5.
26. Moore, Dwight M. 1940, Selaginella saeee es ei
in Arkansas, Haake CAN FERN JOURNAL, 30:

The Ferns and Fern Allies of South Carolina
Veu~ma D. MaTrHews |
(Continued from page 80)
Family 4. Ponypopracrar Fern Family.

1. Aprntum L.

1. ApranruM capmius-venerts L. | Venus’-Hair Fern.

On inside walls of an old well. Only one collection of
this species has been made by the writer and no others
‘een, although it is listed in- the manuals from the state.
More intensive search will probably lead to the discovery
of additional locations. Counties. DarLiv@ton : about 3
Miles north of Darlington, Matthews and Rogers (CC).

2. ADIANTUM PEDATUM L. 3 Maidenhair Fern.

Damp shady woods. This species is no doubt present

in ,
many counties, but there are few collections. Coun-
es, .

120 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

and Holland (CC) ; Tomassee Knob, Clausen and Trapido
(CC, B). Pickens: Round Top Mountain, Correll (D);
Six Mile Creek, H. D. House (US, NY); Table Rock,
N. R. House (CC). Ricutanp: Ridgewood (CC).

2. ANCHISTEA Presl.

1. ANcHISTEA virGINIcA (L.) Presl.
Virginia Chain-Fern.
Low marshes and swamps. This is a common fern im
many places in the coastal plain and piedmont. Coun-
ties: Aiken, Allendale, Beaufort, Berkeley, Charleston,
Chesterfield, Clarendon, Colleton, Darlington, Dillon,
Florence, Georgetown, Hampton, Horry, Jasper, Ker-
Shaw, Lee, Marion, Marlboro, Richland, Sumter, and
Williamsburg.

3. ASPLENIUM L.

1. ASPLENIUM BRADLEYI D. C. Eaton.
Bradley’s Spleenwort.
Usually on granite or sandstone rocks. The leaves of
many of the Chesterfield County plants are only 4 few
inches long, probably due to the very dry habitat. The
majority of the plants are on a large boulder of iron ore
at the foot of the mountain, but there are a few plants
on some of the small rocks nearby. Sugar Loat Mt. is a
ferruginous sandstone hill with considerable rock im
Places, standing about 150 feet above the surrou nding
sand hills. No plants of this fern were found 02 the
rocks on the elevation. Dr. Wherry! reports that ‘
plants on Henry Knob were growing at an elevation ©
1,000 to 1,200 feet. Counties. CHESTERFIELD: ~_
Loaf Mt., Matthews (CC, A). York: Henry Knob,
Wherry (A),

1 This Journan 24: 99, 1934.

ERE ne

FrEerNs OF SouTH CAROLINA 121

2. ASPLENIUM HETEROCHROUM Kunze.
Varicolored Spleenwort.
The only collection of this species from South Carolina
is the following: BERKELEY: Santee Canal, Ravenel
(NY). The specimen from the Santee Canal in the Gray
Herbarium is considered by Weatherby, however, as a
dentate form of A. resiliens.

3. ASPLENIUM MONTANUM Willd.
Mountain Spleenwort.
On rocks in the upper part of the state. Counties.
GREENVILLE: Hogback Mt., Kimber and Wright (A);
near Hogback Mt., Wherry (A); above Raven Cliff
Falls, Wherry (A); Caesar’s Head—(Ch.), and Leeds
(A). Pickens: Round Top Mt., Correll (D) ; Sassafras
Mt., Clausen and Trapido (B, CC); Table Rock, Rad-
ford (F).

4. AsPLENIUM PrINNATIFIDUM Nutt. | Lobed Spleenwort.
- rocks in the upper part of the state. Counties.

REENVILLE: Hogback Mt., Kimber and Wright (A);
near Hogback Mt., Wherry (A); Caesar’s Head, Leeds

(A). Pickens: Table Rock, Buckley (G), and Rad-
lord (D, F),

5. ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON (L.) Oakes.

Ebony Spleenwort.
ae of the common ferns throughout the state. Ser-
Aike pas are present in a number of places. Counties:
kee eA nderson, Beaufort, Berkeley, Charleston, Chero-
Dorch ester, Chesterfield, Clarendon, Darlington, Dillon,

ester, Edgefield, Florence, Georgetown, Greenville,

eld Kershaw, Laneaster, Lee, Lexington, Marlboro,

Su ormick, Oconee, Orangeburg, Pickens, Richland,
‘ater, Spartanburg, and York.

122 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

6. ASPLENIUM RESILIENS Kuntze.
Black-stemmed Spleenwort.
On rocks or on masonry, preferring limestone. Coun-
ties. BERKELEY: along Santee Canal 2 miles northeast
of Moncks Corner, Wherry (A) ; on locks of Santee Canal
near Black Oak Church, Matthews and Rowland (CC).
OcoNEE: Tomassee Knob, H. D. House (NY). ORANGE-
BuRG: Eutaw Springs, Ravenel (G), Bragg (Ch.), Mat-
thews and Hewitt (CC).

7. AsPLENIUM TRICHOMANES L. Maidenhair Spleenwort.

On rocks, in cool sheltered situations. Counties.
GREENVILLE: Falls of the Saluda River, Smith (G);
Gorge of Matthews Creek at base of Raven Cliff and
below Rainbow Falls, Wherry (A); Blythe Shoals,
Thomason (F). OconEr: Tomassee Knob, H. D. House
(NY). Pickens: Round Top Mt., Correll (D).

4, Aruyrium Roth.

1. ArHyrtuM aspLENtomEs (Michx.) Desv. Lady Fe

Moist woods, often in the shade. This is a commo”
species throughout the state. Counties: Aiken, Ander
son, Bamberg, Beaufort, Berkeley, Charleston, Cherokee,
Chester, Chesterfield, Darlington, Dillon, Dorcheste®
Edgefield, Florence, Georgetown, Greenville, Hampto™
Horry, Lancaster, Lee, Lexington, Marion, Marlboro,
McCormick, Oconee, Pickens, Richland, Spartanbure,
and Sumter.

5. Camprtosorus Link.
1. Camprosorus RHIZOPHYLLUS (L.) Link.
Walking Fer?

On rocky shaded banks, preferring limestone. Coun
ties. GREENVILLE: Rainbow Falls, 4 miles east of Jones
Gap, Wherry (A) ; Gorge of Matthews Creek at base a
Raven Cliff, Wherry (A); shaded ravine near source if
North Saluda River, Ives (F). Oconwe ravine bet

Ferns or SoutH CAROLINA 123

Isaquena Falls, southeast of Stump House Mt., Clausen
and Trapido (B, CC).
6. CHEILANTHES Sw.
1. CHEILANTHES LANOSA (Michx.) Watt.
Hairy Lip-Fern.
Dry rocks and ledges, often associated with Woodsia
obtusa. Counties. ANDERSON: Anderson, Davis (NC,
A, G); Simpson’s Mill, Davis (US). Custer: Torbits,
Green (A). GREENVILLE: bridge 2 miles east of Lima,
Wherry (A, US) ; granite ledges north of Lima, Wherry
(A); Rocky Spur Mt., Peattie (G); Paris Mt., Radford
(F, CC), Clausen and Trapido (B, CC), and Mackenzie
(NY). Lancaster: Forty-acre Rock, Matthews and
Boland (CC). Oconre: Tomassee Knob, H. D. House
(US, NY) and Clausen and Trapido (B, CC).
2. CHEMANTHES TOMENTOSA Link. Woolly Lip-Fern.
On rocks and in rocky soil. Counties. CHARLESTON:
Mt. Pleasant,—(Ch.). CuHester: Torbits, Green (G).
NVILLE: Caesar’s Head—(Ch.) ; Paris Mt., Wherry
(A), Powell (F), and Clausen and Trapido (B, CC).
CONEE : Tomassee Knob, Clausen and Trapido (B, CC);
3 miles north of Salem, Blomquist (D, CC). PICKENS:
Pinnacle Mt., Radford (CC).

7. Cystoptrris Bernh.

i CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS (L.) Bernh.
Fragile Bladder-Fern.
Rin banks in the western counties. Wherry labels
pei ections cited below as C. fragilis var. mackayw.
unties. GREENVILLE: moist rocks in creek gorge 5
miles northeast of Merrittsville, Wherry (A). PICKENS:
A of Eastatoe Creek, near Rocky Bottom, Wherry
andct There is a note by Weatherby on the following
rica that it is probably C. fragilis var. protrusa:

: Tomassee Knob, H. D. House (NY).

124 Awumican FERN JOURNAL

8. Dennstarptia Bernh.

1. DEnnsraEptia PUNCTILOBULA (Michx.) Moore.
Hay-scented Fern.
Open hillsides and woods in the western part of the
State. Counties. GREENVILLE: Caesar’s Head, Leeds
(A); Paris Mt. Fullbright (F). Oconee: Mountain
Rest, Correll (D); Oconee State Park, Matthews and
Holland (CC). Pickens: Round Top Mt., Correll (D);
Sassafras Mt., Clausen and Trapido (B, CC); Rocky

Bottom, Matthews and H olland (CC).

9. Dreuazium Sw.
1. Dietazium ACROSTICHOIDES (Sw.) Butters.
Silvery Spleenwort.
Damp shaded woods. Counties. GREENVILLE: Rain-
bow Falls, Wherry (A). OconEE: Tomassee Knob, H. :
House (US); woods southeast of Tomassee mat
Clausen and Trapido (CC, B). Prcxens: gorge of
atoe Creek, near Rocky Bottom, Wherry (A); Roun
Top Mt., Correll (D),

10. Dryoprerts Adans.
1. Dryopreris ATROPALUSTRIS Small ; regarded by Wher'y
as D. cristata x goldiana. ;
So far as we know there is only one collection of this
Tare fern from the state. Counties. BerKELEY: Santee
Canal, Ravenel (G). There is a good photograph of the

specimen in the Herbarium of the New York Botanical
Garden.

2. Dryopreris CLINTONIANA (D. C. Eaton) Dowell.

Clinton’s Shield-Fer»-

: is

Damp woods and Swamps. At our station this pee"

growing in the same region with Dryopteris Bares
Sumilar association was found by F. W. Gray near

FERNS OF SoutH CAROLINA 125

lotte, North Carolina. The Darlington county plants
were first found by B. E. Smith. Counties. Daruine-
TON: Swamp along Swift Creek 8 miles southeast of —
Hartsville, Smith and Matthews (CC).*

3. DRYOPTERIS INTERMEDIA (Muhl.) A. Gray.
American Shield-Fern.
Moist woods. Counties. GREENVILLE: creek gorge 5
miles northeast of Merrittsville, Wherry (A). PIcKENs:
ee of Eastatoe Creek, near Rocky Bottom, Wherry
4. Dryopreris couprana (Hook.) A. Gray.
Goldie’s Shield-Fern.
Moist rich woods. There seems to be only one collec-
tion of this species from our state. Counties: OCONEE:
Tomassee Knob, H. D. House (US).

9. DRYOPTERIS LUDOVICIANA (Kunze) Small. (D. floridana
(Hook.) O. Ktze.) Southern Shield-Fern.
Damp woods and swamps in the coastal plain. This is
a beautiful evergreen fern, which is hardy at Hartsville.
Counties. Bravrort: Dale, Gibson (CC). CHARLESTON:
navy yard at Charleston, Bragg (Ch.) and Trudell (A).
GrorerTown : near Brookgreen, Matthews and Hewitt
(CC) and Tarbor (NY); Pawleys Island, Matthews
(CC). Oranezsure: Four Hole Creek Swamp, south 0
Orangeburg, Coker (CC)

6.
DRYOPTERIS MARGIN ALIS (L.)-A. Gray.

Marginal Shield-Fern.
ot woods and rocky slopes. Counties. GREENVILLE:
— Mt., Hewitt and Smith (CC); Blythe Shoals,

om
2 (F ). OconzE: Tomassee Knob, H. D. House
lected dgar T. Wherry writes that he considers a specimen eol-
ths, ed Ravenel along the Santee Canal, which is now in the
aga University Herbarium, Dryopteris celsa and that this spect-
'S similar to the Hartsville collection.

126 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

(US). Pickens: Round Top Mt., Correll (D) ; Sassafras |
Mt., Clausen and Trapido (B, CC); Table Rock, Rad-
ford (F).

7. DRYOpTERIS sPINULOSA (Muell.) Watt.
Spinulose Shield-Fern.
Moist shady woods. The Darlington county plants are
growing on old fallen trunks of trees and a few in the
depressions in the bases of living cypress trees. The
location reported below is the first station known from
South Carolina and considerably extends the known
range for this fern southward. This station was first
found by B. E. Smith. Counties ; DARLINGTON : Cypress
Swamp along Swift Creek, 8 miles southeast of Hartsville,
Smith and Matthews (CC).

11. Lor«serta Presl.

1. Lortserra aREOLATA (L.) Presl. .
Narrow-leaved Chain-Fern.

Greenville, Hampton, Horry, Jasper, Kershaw, Lane
ter, Lee, Lexington, Marion, Marlboro, Oconee, Pickens,
and Sumter,

12. Onocuiza L.

1. Onoctxa sensipmis L, Sensitive Fern.

Moist woods and swamps. The variation which has
been given the name 0. sensibilis forma obtusilobata
ound in many colonies of this species. Counties.
ALLENDALE: near Sycamore, Matthews (CC). BEAU
FORT: Dale, Gibson (CC). BerrKetey: Santee ea
Ravenel (Ch.); near Pineville, Matthews and Heit

Ferns or SoutH CAROLINA 127

(CC). Daruineron : Hartsville, Matthews (CC). FLor-
ENCE: near T. B. Sanitarium, Matthews and Bain (CC).
GEORGETOWN : Swamp along Winyah Bay, Matthews and
Hewitt (CC) ; near Brookgreen, Matthews (CC); Paw-
leys Island, Matthews (CC). GREENVILLE: along South
Saluda River, King (CC) ; near Greenville, Reaves (CC) ;
Caesar’s Head—(Ch.). Horry: south of Myrtle Beach,
Matthews (CC). JaspER: east side of Savannah River,
Leeds (A) ; swamp along Savannah River, Gibson (CC).
Lee: Lee State Park; Matthews (CC). RICHLAND:
Adams Pond, Philson (CC).
13. Prvuaga Link.

1. PELLAra aTROPURPUREA (L.) Link. Cliff Brake.

On rocks, chiefly limestone, but in the Carolinas also
gneiss. I am indebted to Mr. Wm. A. Knight for giving
me directions to locate this fern in South Carolina.
Counties: OcongE: on a large rock on a low ridge on the
opposite side from the road, 4.7 miles from the statue in
the town of Walhalla on highway #28 going towards
Highlands, Matthews, Coker and Holland (CC).

14. Puecoprerts Fée.
1. PHEGoPTERIS HEXAGONOPTERA (Michx.) Fée.
Broad Beech-Fern.

Moist shaded woods. Counties. BrrKELEY: St. Johns,
Porcher (Ch.) ; along Santee Canal northeast of Moncks
Corner, Wherry (A). Daruineron: Lauthers Lake,
Pate (CC). Dorcrester: Middleton Gardens, Mat-
J ews and Hewitt (CC), Correll (D). GREEN :
ones Gap, Leeds (A) ; 5 miles northeast of Merrittsville,
Wherry (A); Caesar’s Head, Bragg (Ch.), Philson (SC,
CC) ; Vaughan’s Glenn, Peattie (NC, @) ; Blythe Shoals,
Thomason (F). Oconee: Newry, H. D. House (US,
NY), Anderson (US); Tomassee Knob, Clausen and
Trapido (CC, B). Pickens: Clemson College, H. D.

128 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

House (US); Table Rock, N. R. House (CC) ; Round
Top Mt., Correll (D) ; slopes of Table Mt., Small (NY).
15. Potypoprum L.
1. PoLypoplum PoLYPopIOIDES (L.) Watt.
Gray Polypody.
Common on trunks of trees, but also on humus and on
rocks. This fern is probably found in every county m
the state. Counties: Aiken, Anderson, Bamberg, Beat
fort, Berkeley, Charleston, Chester, Clarendon, Colleton,
Darlington, Dillon, Dorchester, Edgefield, Fairfield,
Florence, Georgetown, Greenville, Horry, Jasper, Ker-
shaw, Lancaster, Lee, Lexington, Marlboro, McCormick,
Oconee, Orangeburg, Pickens, and Sumter.

2. Potypopium vireiniANum L, Common Polypody.

On rocks, tree trunks, and humus. Counties. GREEN-
VILLE: Caesar’s Head, Bragg (Ch.); above Raven Cliff
Falls, Wherry (A); Hogback Mt., Hewitt and Smith
(CC). OconzE: Tomassee Knob, H. D. House (US;
NY). Pickens: Round Top Mt., Correll (D); 2
Pickens, Pyron and McVaugh (D); gorge of Hastatoe
Creek, near Rocky Bottom, Wherry (A) ; Sassafras Mt,
Clausen and Trapido (B, CC).

16. Potysticnoum Roth.

1. Potysticnum ACROSTICHOIDES (Michx.) Schott.
Christmas Ferm.
Shaded woods, often on slopes, and in swamps. De
fern probably occurs in most of the counties in the state:
Counties : Anderson, Beaufort, Berkeley, Charlesto®
Cherokee, Chester, Chesterfield, Darlington, Dorchester,
Edgefield, Florence, Georgetown, Greenville, Croatia
orry, Kershaw, Lancaster, Lexington, MeCormis
Oconee, Pickens, Richland, Spartanburg, and Sumter.
(To be continued)

A SUMMER IN NORTHERN EUROPE 129

A Summer in Northern Europe
Haroip G. Ruee

During the summer of 1939 it was my good fortune to
motor over a thousand miles in Ireland, and nearly fifteen
hundred miles in England and Wales, and later to go by
boat to Finland. Of course while motoring I was always
on the alert for new ferns, frequently getting out of the
car and exploring hedge-rows, shady woods and rocky
cliffs.

I suppose I saw thousands of plants of the maidenhair
spleenwort, Asplenium trichomanes L., the rue spleen-
wort, Asplenium ruta-muraria L., Ceterach officinarum
DC. and Polypodium vulgare L. The first two were the
most plenteous. These four were growing abundantly
on the walls lining the roads, and occasionally around
walls surrounding barnyards, ete. The English walls
of course differ from those on this side of the Atlantic
in that they are solid and the ferns appear in great
abundance in the cracks and crevices. Occasionally
Plants of Asplenium adiantum-nigrum L. were found in
the walls or by the roadside in rocky places. I often
Wished that I could transfer a bit of old English wall
back to my garden and have these ferns in such abun-
dance. In many places one would not suppose that the
walls contained sufficient soil to allow germination and
growth of spores. The luxuriant growth and abundance
of these ferns may be due to the great amount of moisture
in the air, and to the lack of abundant sunshine.

I went to Chard in Somerset for two days to attend
= annual field meeting of the British Pteridological
Society. The members whom I met are apparently not
interested in collecting ferns for herbarium specimens
but primarily in finding new varieties and forms which
they can take to their gardens for cultivation. Appar

130 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ently there is a much greater interest in raising ferns
in England than in the United States. One afternoon
was spent around a long table examining ferns which
had been sent in by various members of the Society from
Ireland and various parts of England. Some of these
were sent for identification and others for a certificate of
merit offered by the Society for ‘‘new varieties or im-
proved forms of existing varieties.’

A day and a half was spent going through the various
woodsy territories around Chard and along the hedge-
rows hoping that variants might be found. The mem-
bers went out of their way to show me interesting sta-
tions of ferns which they had previously visited but
which they knew would give me a thrill. For instance,
I think all the members present had seen the finest sta-
tion in England of hart ’s-tongue, Phyllitis scolopendrium
(L.) Newm. One afternoon I was taken to this station
at Landslip near Lyme Regis, near the sea coast. There
were hundreds of plants growing in dense shade mm @
moist, rocky ravine—plants. bearing from ten to twenty
fronds and the fronds from a foot to a foot and a half
in length. A form approaching wndulatum was found.
It certainly was a thrilling sight for one who has neve?
Seen this plant growing wild in the United States
Dryopteris (called Lastrea by our English cousins) filit-
mas (li.) Schott was abundant, as well as various fom’
of Athyrium filix-femina (L.) Roth. Polystichum
angulare Presl, somewhat resembling our Polystichum
braunii (Spenner) Fée, was abundant in places.

The President of the Society, Mr. W. B. Cranfield, 8
srand old man of eighty, invited me to see his eollectio®
of ferns, undoubtedly the largest private collection ™
England, but the approach of war prevented my getting
out to his home. I was especially anxious to see 4 ae
of Polystichum angulare Presl and Polystichum raed
stichoides (Michaux) Schott which he had produced.

A SumMMER IN NORTHERN EUROPE 131

I did visit the very large nursery of Mr. Amos Perry,
another member of the Society. He undoubtedly raises
more ferns for sale than anyone else in England. I was
interested in seeing there an Adiantum from Japan, the
fronds of which are pink when first appearing. Some of
the fronds retain their pinkish color throughout the
entire season. Through Mr. Perry’s generosity I was
able to secure spores of this fern.

Lalso attended a show conducted by the Alpine Garden
Society where were exhibited many hardy ferns, all of
which, however, had been raised in pans in alpine houses
rather than outside in the ground. Here were beautiful
specimens of Asplenium viride Huds. The owners told
me that they had no difficulty at all with this rare fern.
One exhibitor had an unlabeled fern resembling Asplen-
ium trichomanes L. The pinnae were no larger than that
of trichomanes but the fronds were from eight to twelve
inches long. I found that in most English gardens there
were alpine houses in which the choice and rarer alpines
and ferns are grown in pans and pots rather than out
of doors.

I was disappointed in the fern flora of Finland. The —
only ferns I saw there were identical with or closely
related to our own North American ferns and these were
not seen in any abundance. At Valamo on Lake Ladoga
near what was then the Russian border there was Dry-
opteris filix-mas (L.) Schott. Pteridium aquilinum (L.)

uhn was also occasionally seen. North of the Arctic
Cirele on the Arctic Ocean were found Athyrium filix-
femina (L.) Roth, Dryopteris linnaeana Christensen, D-
phegopteris (L.) Christensen and D. dilatata (Hofftm.)
Gray. None of these, however, were seen in any great
abundance, and no strictly rock ferns were seen at all.

Hanover, New HampsHIRE

132 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Recent Fern Literature
Harpy Ferns anp Tuerr Cuurure. (Edited by Carol
Woodward. )

It is a pleasure to bring this fern publication of the
New York Botanical Garden to the attention of Fern
Journal readers. Its forty pages consist of a series of
articles which appeared in the Journal of the N. Y. Bo-
tanical Garden during March, April, and May of 1940,
and represent the work of twelve authors and photog-
raphers.

Although ferns have always received considerable at-
tention throughout the forty-odd years of the existence
of the New York Garden, the publication of this pamph-
let may be said to signalize a sort of climax of interest be
hardy ferns for the Bronx Garden. As noted in its
pages, the New York Garden made a special display of
hardy ferns at the 1940 International Flower Show at
the Grand Central Palace last March when approximately
140 varieties, native and introduced, were forced and
shown in naturalistic arrangement. In this connection,
the Fern Society may take pride in the fact that two of
its members, the Thurstons, had shown the way in fore-
ing and exhibiting hardy ferns by their splendid display
at the International Show of two years earlier, reported
in the Fern JOURNAL. Also, their carefully prepared
article describing the forcing requirements of various
species was made available to the New York Botanical
Garden in advance of its publication in the JOURNAL '

It may be a matter of interest to record here a little ©
the long-standing activity in fern study which has char
acterized the N. Y. Botanical Garden since its founding:
Willard N. Clute was an early worker there. Prof f
M. Underwood, a noted fern student, then professor re
botany at Columbia University, was instrumental ™ ;
development of the fern herbarium, which is one of se
largest in the world. Since his death, it has been desig:

ReEcENT FERN LITERATURE 133

nated as the ‘‘Underwood Fern Herbarium.’’ A fern
part of the North American Flora, covering certain fern
families begun by Dr. Underwood, was completed by Dr.
Maxon and R. C. Benedict. Dr. Winifred Robinson
worked up a fern flora of the Hawaiian Islands at the
Garden. Miss Margaret Slosson and Dr. A. C. Smith
gave ferns special attention for a number of years. For
many years the greenhouses of the Garden housed the
largest collection of living tropical fern species on the
American continents. Within the past few years, Dr.
John K. Small, in a burst of interest, has published a
series of articles and books on the ferns of the eastern
and southern states.

From the standpoint of the Fern Society in particular,
it may be noted that our membership list, has been hon-
ored by the names of not a few staff members of the N. Y.
Botanical Garden, Dr. and Mrs. Britton, Drs. Barnhart,
Howe, and others. Indeed the support of these staff
members was of particular value at the time of the found-
ing of the Amertcan Fern Journat in 1910.

That this present publication will be of interest to Fern
Society members will be indicated by the list of the ar-
ticles below. It is well illustrated by numerous half-
tones by L. W. Brownell, Rutherford Platt, and others.
Its price is twenty-five cents and it may be obtained
through Miss Carol Woodward, N. Y. Botanical Garden,
Bronx Park, New York City.

The life story of afern. H. W. Rickett.

Notes on the cultivation of hardy ferns. Isaac Langley Williams.

Hardy ferns of exotic and horticultural origin. Stuart Longmuir.

Crested hart ’s-tongue fern. T. A. Weston.

Ferns exhibited at International Flower Show.

Fern literature for the student and gardener. Elizabeth C. Hall.
peice ferns from spores. T. H. Everett.
ern diseases and pests. B. O. Dodge.

134 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

‘“‘Western ferns for eastern growers,’’ ‘‘Hardy ferns
for the shaded garden,’’ and ‘‘Ferns for the woodland
garden’’ are photographically presented by means of
series of fine half-tones of the species, from photographs
by Miss Fleda Griffith —R. C. BENEDICT.

Prof. Blomquist and Dr. Correll have published an
excellent fern flora (modestly called a county check-list)
of North Carolina. The three principal divisions of the
State, so far as the distribution of plants is concerned,
mountain, piedmont and coastal plain, are clearly defined
and mapped, and the county records are grouped under
these regions, thus making it easy to arrive at an outline
of distribution. This, the exact detail with which habr
tats are recorded, the taxonomic discussions under Dryop-
teris celsa and Botrychium obliquum, and the obvious
care and thoroughness in preparation throughout, ar
distinctive features of a very good piece of work.’

The Gardeners’ Chronicle of London recommends the
cutting of bracken for bedding of domestic animals »
these times when ‘‘oat and barley straw are too valuable
to be so employed and can more usefully be fed to st
Manure from bracken litter may, it says, be expected “s
be as good as that from straw, though the tough stipes %
the bracken disintegrate more slowly in the soil. In é
gland, bracken may be cut throughout the winter; .
it is “also useful in the garden for protecting frames
rare plants.’’

‘ inion as

There has been a good deal of difference of ene ©
to the proper application of the name Polystichum
are amen List of North

* Blomquist, H. L., & D, S. Correll. County Check 1 Soe. 56:
Carolina Ferns and Fern Allies. Journ. Elisha Mitehe :
63-105, 1 map (1940). 940).

? Gardeners’ Chronicle, 3rd series, 108: 23 (July 20, 1

REcENT FERN LITERATURE 135

leatum, once applied to some of our west-American
species, but of late restricted to Old-World plants. Even
so, there has been question as to which of the two species
otherwise known as P. lobatum and P. angulare was
really what Linnaeus meant. Some taxonomists main-
tained the question never could be decided and rejected
the Linnaean name altogether.

Recently, however, Mr. Alston has studied the type
specimens concerned. He concludes that the name P.
aculeatum belongs definitely to the species hitherto called
P. lobatum. P. angulare takes the earlier name P. seti-
ferum (Forsk.) Woynar.®

Hot Springs, Arkansas, has a Natural History Associa-
tion of which a member of the Fern Society, Dr.
Scully, is president. The Association publishes quarterly
a mimeographed Natural History Journal. No. 5 0
this journal (1939) consists of an account, by Dr. Scully,
of the 26 species of ferns found in and near the Hot
Springs National Park.

It is an unassuming and non-technical, but genuinely
800d local study. It is prefaced by some general in-
formation in regard to ferns and to the topography of
the region. For each species a statement of habitat and
frequency, an informal description, which makes no
attempt to go into technical detail, but is exact as far as
it goes, and an outline sketch, rather rough, but suggest-
Ing the distinctive architecture of the frond, are given.
Some small errors have crept in; ‘‘rootstock,’’ not ‘‘root-
Stalk”” is the proper term for the underground parts of
4 fern; and there are nearer 9000 than 4000 known spe-
“les of ferns. But the little work as a whole gives good
evidence of that type of accurate and intelligent observa-
race, A. H. G. The correct application of the name Poly-

aculeatum. Journ. Bot. 78: 160-164 (1940).

136 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

tion which the active amateur can make, to the aid of
others of like interests and often to the real advantage
of science.

Shorter Notes

REcENT RANGE EXTENSIONS oF Two Ferns IN WEST
ViRGINIA.— During the summer of 1940 two ferns, Ly-
godium palmatum (Bernh.) Sw. and Asplenium ebe-
noides R. R. Seott (Asplenosorus ebenoides Wherry);
both regarded as rare in West Virginia, were found in
counties of the State from which they had not previously
been recorded.

The Climbing Fern has been known from only two
localities in West Virginia, both stations being in Upshur
County. (A station for the species in Greenbrier County
has been destroyed by road construction.) In July, 1940,
Mrs. Martha Cunningham, of Webster Springs, discov
ered a considerable station for the species in Webster
County, adjoining Upshur County. Both Webster and

pshur Counties are mountainous, lying just west of the
higher Allegheny ridges. It may be surmised, from o
recent discoveries, that the Climbing Fern will be found
eventually in isolated localities in all the mountainous
counties of the Allegheny Plateau. me

Scott’s Spleenwort has been known from localities ™
four counties, Jefferson, Pendleton, Greenbrier, and Fay-
ette, all in the eastern or central portions of the Stale
Due to the efforts of Miss Maxine Thacker, a teacher
the high school of West Hamlin, Lincoln County, ©
interesting hybrid has been found in this latter local
incoln County is in southwestern West Virginia, a ee
botanically speaking, comparatively unknown. The
represents a considerable extension of the know? ™
in West Virginia for this plant.

ngeé

SHorTER NOTES 137

Specimens of both ferns have been deposited in the
herbarium of West Virginia University, at Morgantown.
—Mavrice Brooks, Division of Forestry, West Virginia
Unversity, Morgantown, W. Va.

Appitions To THE FERN Fora or LAKE SHEHAWKEN,
PENNSYLVANIA.—In the January-March Number of the
Fern Journau in 1939 I reported fifty-two species of ferns
and fern allies found in the vicinity of Lake Shehawken,
Pa. Since that time the following additional species have
been found.

Dryopreris CAMPYLOPTERA (Kze.) Clarkson—On
Mount Ararat at an elevation of 2600 feet. This moun-
tain is a northern extension of the Moosic Range which
runs for several miles along the western boundary of
Wayne County and culminates at Sugarloaf Mountain,
about a mile north of Ararat. D. campyloptera is re-
ported to have been collected on Sugarloaf, but it has
apparently disappeared there. On the summit of Ararat
it grows abundantly, covering an area of several acres.
A peculiarity of this fern here is that a large number of
the fronds exhibit a characteristic of D. intermedia in
having the penultimate pinnule of the lower side of the
basal pinnae longer than the ultimate pinnule. The
Indusia of all these ferns in this locality are non-glandular,
even on many specimens that have otherwise the appear-
ance of D. intermedia. That they have hybridized with
D. intermedia seems to be precluded by the non-glandular
indusia. Dr. Wherry mentions the possibility of hy-
bridization with D. intermedia, saying, ‘‘There are sev-
fral variants or hybrids centering around D. intermedia
Which will have to be described for the Pennsylvania
Flora.” Mr. Weatherby admits the possibility of hy-
bridization, and mentions among other factors which may
‘ceount for this peculiarity, ‘‘Some species misbehave at
the limits of their range.’’

138 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

DryopTeris CLINTONIANA (D. C. Eaton) Dowell.—In
Bennett’s swamp just west of the lake, and in a swamp
in King’s woods a mile and a half north west of the lake.
Probably to be found in many other swamps.

Lycopopium InuNDATUM L.—Less than a dozen plants
found near the outlet of the lake.

ISOETES ENGELMANNI A. Br.—Rather common on the
Shores of the west branch of Delaware River just above
Hancock, N. Y., and below Winterdale, Pa.

ISOETES RIPARIA Engelm.—A single specimen was eol-
lected by Dr. Clausen at Island Lake, and another by Dr.
Wherry at Bone Pond, at the trip of the Fern Society
in September, 1939. Attempts to find more at both local-
ities have been unsuccessful.—W. L. Dix, Morrisville,
Pennsylvania.

American Fern Society

On June 27, 1940, as reported in Science, Professor
Fermen L. Pickett, a member of the Fern Society since
1914, died at the age of fifty-nine years. Professor
Pickett had been Dean of the Graduate School at yi
Washington State College since 1930, and Chairman y
the Department of ‘Botany there since 1917. h

For many years, Professor Pickett’s chief Toe
work had had to do with ferns, particularly with care
ful experimental studies of the special adaptive care
teristics by which those species which live in dry S!
tions are distinguished from the forms of moister habita ”
Some of Dr. Pickett’s fern papers have been publish '
in the Fern JOURNAL; the first in 1914, the most pe
in 1931. His longer reports appeared in the a a
the Torrey Botanical Club, in the American Journ
Botany, and in the Botanical Gazette. ig:

Working with three species of Pellaea, with i ;
Sorus, Polypodium vulgare, Cheilanthes gracillima,

AMERICAN FERN Society 139

others, Professor Pickett had investigated the capacity
of all stages of these dry-ground ferns to resist desicca-
tion. He found that resistance to drying was manifested
as well by the delicate prothallia as by the more obviously
protected leafy. generation. Indeed, the prothallia of
these xerophytic species showed an ability to recover even
after they had been dried over sulphuric acid fumes to
practically complete absence of water. On the other
hand, the prothallia of ordinary moist ground ferns
were killed after only partial drying.

New members :
Barkley, Prof. Ae A., Dept. of Botany, Montana State Uni-
et Mion, Mon
m, Mrs. aeeca G., 633 North Church St., West Chester,

Chandler, Albert, 408 Olive St., St. Louis, Missour
Gilbert, Neal W., 7809 ‘Morningside Drive, NW, " Washington,
D.C.

Grant, Mrs. Alfred A., Sugar Grove, Warren Co., Pa.
Hale, Miss Lee, Room 318, 195 Broadway, New Work City.
Hires, Miss Clara 8., 152 Glen Ave., Millburn, New Jersey.

McCallum , lan, T. P. D. Co., Ltd., Palo Seco, Trinidad, B. W. I.
‘ MacDougall, Harry W., Box 383, Jockey Hollow Road, Morris-
own, N. J,

eters, George H., 175 East Seaman Ave., Freeport, Long Island,
ay, tf

Smussen, W. E. H., 712 South Perton St., Santa Ana, Cal.
Sharp, Prof, AS Sy; Dept, of Botany, University of Tennessee,
Knoxville, Tenn,
Shields, Edward M., 100 South Darlington St., West Chester, Pa.
Stokes, Mrs, Francis J., The Mill, Darlington, "Maryland.

Changes of address :
Diddell, Mrs, W. D., R. F. D. no. 5, Box 296-A, Jacksonville, Fla.
Knobloch, Dr. Irving W., 699 East Utiea St., Buffalo, N. ¥
Smith, Dr. A. C., Arnold Arboretum, Jamaica Plain, Mass.

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Index to Volume 30

ABBEY, F. M. Our native ferns
oe their cultivation (review),

Acrostichum conforme, 14; reticu-
latum, 14; squamosum, 14

Adder r's-tongue, 5, 31, 76-78, 11:
Eng n’s, 5; limestone, 115

idaee Capiitus. Veneris, 11, at,
56, pe a fet Sie i 6 Bs pedatum 8,
O4 114, 118 ; tricholepis, 37. 58

Adventurés in fern collecting, TIL,

Ae, 15
Ako le, 14
ALSTON, A.H.G. Correct appli
tion of the name Palyarienir
Aeuidnines (review), 134
Amau te

y wanna 15

American Fern Society, 32, 66, 104,
139 ; meeting at Columbus, 37, at
Jacksonville, 70, at La ke She-
hawken, 66

Anacharis densa, 103

Anehistea virginica, 94, 114, 120.
See 0 Woodwardia

Ane sie Macuions. 71 EE
Annotated list.’ of f th
auna Loa nection of
‘aii N ational Park,
Arkansas, P Dale ag ae 105 ; Sela-
nella rupest

PELE
ee
et

nulo osum, 11
Thelypteris a eaacetin: 1s.
oot also o Cyrtomium and Dry

ter

Asplenium abscissum, 71; Adia
tum-nigrum, 12, 129;
folium, liz

cisum, as * scndatele atin.
5 pumilum, o pye :

93, 95: sandwichi-
; sphe Ya var.
Ms

unilaterale, 12; verecul-
dum, 71; pete ape See also
Athyrium an ipla
X ee ebenoides, rae 107,
138

é tS crostichoides, 31;
= pie “108, thee by eat
7,

ame

Mae era OB: weplenildes
var es icum, ; asp

31, oiveicn 106, io7, 112, 12
f. s btripinaais 92, 106, 112;
Filix-fem 130, Loew
aspleniotdes, 112; Poiretianum,
12 cnocar pum, :

also Asplenium and pla
Aulacomnium heterostichum 7 tie:
Azolla, 101 : earolinian :
filicaloides, 103, on Long Island, —
1038

iformis, 27
Bartr. noe pomifo "county check ck
a ferns sort
erie re}

n allies (review, ssactions tte
1939, 3 accu
Botrychium alabamense, 76; !
au tisegmentum, OLY biternatu™

sing tows 3
sectum, 63, f. elongatul
oblongifolium, 44, f, pennsyl
um i
Mergers r. oblon ngifo
ninsylvantea 44,
oliu 44, yok

43;
var. tenebro' 118
Foealtt lis var. intermedi
bartpe renee iis 4

Bre astern,
Bracken, 13 es - a 127; “crest

Cretan, 15; ree
eli, 14 : purple cliff,
smooth cliff, 113 idophytes a

Brooks, Pose ee
West wee (rere of ‘wo
cent range xten — 136
ferns in West Virgit

souther®

California, Cyrtomium in
52

INDEX TO VOLUME 30

rf
chant 6; alabamensis, 64,
an

Pa & he glaucum,
sii, ce

vies ere filiculoides
an report of
a4 Ps A ne for 1939 ore two

L, A correction, :
check- Forge of "North toe
a

view), 134; bin to a stati ion ad
eal phyllum in South Car
‘Cyrtomium, 52,
6, in southern
California, 52: ‘aryotideu, 13,
caryotideum micropteri 54;

var Ms mm. "aT 3 Bialans, s 8,
trusa, 23, 106, 11 10, 123 me

Pennstaedtia punctilobula, 47, 106,
Dicksonia ‘punetilobal la este
nls Denis san ula, 112. See
“geet nata, 10
Diplagium a acrostichoides, 124 ; Ar-

>, 17; pyenocar
ewe ichianum, 13, a als
Di ee nd Athyriu
hac = Lan rome to the fern
Sylvania, 4 "arpa ken, Penn
n

at Ett Eo ern Society meeting
Dryopteris ste Fla., 70

aligescens, : a:
ae : BT 4s vag Bay
106° is’ 4; Clintoniana, 90,

06° 1 38, var. australis, 98,
tata, 69° gk Fg ina, 90; ecris-
x Goldiana, Sak » 111; cristat
a ane 124 eyatheoides,
Filix, ata, 2¢: , dlilatata 131;
fous mas, 89, 130,’ 131;

eae 125 ; : bra, 13;
pao ha aii pg Oltiana, 90,
met 6 6, 2 i: inter-
dren 2 £0. 125, 138 : Kerau-
iedae ;. Linnaeana,

dovi iclana, 125 ; meta fis,

141

ot = he Ps 111, 125, f. elegans,
raillae,

9, 89, f. tripin-
oo ifid } ma alis x spinu-
losa, 89 ; normalis, 70, 71; nove-

ste 14
lee gd ie var, pubescens, 111 ;
unidentata, 14. ee also Aspi-
= Phesopterts, “and Thelyp

ter
Domariees hirsuta, 26

Ekaha, 14, Akolea, 15
iniaphoeioegt “confor e,
orgon bes hirtum, 14:
oreatietiak 14; reticulatum,
Equisetum arvyense, 8, 62, 96,
109, 116, f. decumbens, 998, f
diffusum, 96, nemorosum, 8,
96, f. pseudosylvaticum, 96;
debile, 62; iffusum, 23

eyieaticnin var.
urhynehin noone us ep
Eur mer in northern,

FreaTHerzy, H. I. Ferns of Okla-

a 76; Ala
bama lip, 113; ‘American bristle,
9 erican climbing, 80;

Bae
snake, 6
114; royal, "79,

142

4, 5, 110, 126; silver, Bo ; slen-
ed lip, 114 Faire rm grape, 76:
y,

114, 119; Virginia chain, 114,
120; walking, ies 6 -eaee be fae
walking-lea 4; ‘ 01
wood, 81; Olly lip, 4, 114, 123
Fern collecting, adventures in; IIT,
1; literature, re nt, 30, 62, 102,
32; Society, 32, 66, 104, 13
Ferns and fern allies in the Kutz-

Pee
two new t :
Filix Thelypteris, f,
retest “ey page penny 26
RR, Ferns of Kilauea-
San. loa section of Hawaii
National Park, 9

Gleichenia dichotoma, 10: e
ginata

mar-
eae © glauca. re,
Tosaris: 17. See Dicran-
opteris
Goniopteris reptans, 71
GRIFFITH, G. B. Fertile Scott’s
Srleen sort, 8
GRUBER, C istinguishing be-

AG PSR 8 |

tween Botrychium obliquum and

- ctum, 63; fe

allies in the Kutztown-Fleet-

wood area, Pennsylvania, 41, 89
Gymnogramma javanica. 243

IN, S. F.

Hapuu, He

pee atonrne ee j English, 1 he
waii, Her s

a) **ineton Leaf-

23
isrigaum, 26
stre, 26
a ‘station for
nig pee ella
8 recurvum, ai
, 22. O32 27 37.
Hypnum molluse cum, 26
Hy rpolepis repens, 28, extension of
ange for, 28

Is S, Philippine, 18:
Braunii, 66. “69 : Butler 5, 9.
7; En ngelmanni, 98, 138; hyp-

sophila, 3 Japonica, 20: lith
hila, 99 ; melanopoda, 5, 9, 117
neoguinensis, 18, 9; philip-
Pimensis, 19, 20: riparia, 69

138; sinensis, 19
Iwaiwa, 43,1250 Kane, 12

Jubula pennsylvanica, 26

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Kaapeapa, 13

Kentucky, two ferns new to, 27
Kihi, 1

Kikawaeo, 13

Kilau, 13, 15

K olokolo, 15

LAMOTTE, C. Pilularia in Texas,
99

Lastrea, 130; marginalis 6 Trail-

Li, LiaANG-CHING.
f Equisetum = view), 62
Long t alah a ‘Azolla filiculoides 00,

126.
seria areolata, 94, 114,
oe also Woodwardia

Loalu, 1: 78, 109,
4 dpressum,
Ly ‘eopodium Be err ese no

y ‘ 97, ¥:
genuinum, OT; Da
17: tristachyum, 97; venus
lum, 16
Lygodiu um japonicum, 80; palma
um, 62, 80,

Maidenhair

, Botrgehiu um ml

folium in, 1 d fern ak
ss # B. Ferns an re-

“Ties of Amelia Co., Mee: (

MATTHEWS, VoD: _ Ferns “y if
s of — Cc rol,

collina, var. P ly:
L. Pteri

Ww), 63
Vir, bog (review enuifolia,
Miccslepin strigosa, 1 se

orp
Metzgeria * myriopoda. faophgta of a

- hornul.
Mnium affine ciliare, 26; 2
see 16: i ue
Moor car

phyt 08; Selag

50 ecidet
Renate prone
103; t

2 kansas P' inet
rpoenso ripest

enellum

Nephrodium mar rginale a
ripinnati tifidum. F
Nephrolepis exaltata, 48 113
Notholaena dea Ibata, + ee
Obituary. Pickett. F- L., +

INDEX TO VOLUME 30

Odontosoria chinensis, 16
Okupukupu, 14
Onoclea sensibilis, 4, 7, 46, 110,
- acutis segmenta, 46, f. ob-
tusilobata, 126
Ophioderma pendulum 6 faleatum,

Ophioglossum concinnum, 10; cro-

age ae ey 17; Engelmann

115 Se catum, 10;

i 78; pendulum, 10;

pusillum, 78; acca, 78: vul-
gatum, 37, 115, 137

i, OO
x Ruggii, 65, 66; ; spectabilis, 113

Owalli, 12,15

Pai, 15
Palapalai, 1 4;0 Kaumaapua, 13
ER, FE. + Adventures in fern
P collecting 1 BS
PARKS, i B. Notes on Texas
Pellgen’ atropur purea, 8, 95,
cristata, 107, Eis oe
ve a, 95, 107, 113; ternifolia,

Pennsylvania, additions to the
. flora of Lake ej arene
7; ferns of the tztown-

, 41 eo

Pepper rwort, h:
airy, 116
P ae M. “New Philippine
Phego opteris D
ryopteris, 91; hex
teers 91, 111, 127: poly-
pol ioides,
pentaia, 14. vedi also ney,
ilippine Is
Phyl c Soetes, a new, 18
Piymated colopendrium,, 130
CKETT, F FO
J

ata,
eo. oly, bituary notice,

: 9, 10
ser gectum iste 26 ;

Polo i catum, 26; turfaceum, 26
0
ookeri, 15; hymeno-
ss 5 lineare, 1b; i
m, 15; plumula, 71; ‘poly
Dodioides,. % 115, 128 ‘ "
Srammitis, 15: 'Saffor ey ;
iB ae m, 15 trulat s
ginianom, 95. 15 i vir

: if o, 4283 .
os manatum, 95, £ biserratum,
12) ongatum, 95; vulgare,

143

ae he Pi common, 114, 128; gray,
a 2 4 128; Hooker's, 15;

bot luce
payetehian 51;
8, 48, 81, 83

acrostichoides,
111, 128, 130,

natural hybrid with aunii,
81, f. crispum, 48, ts enh
acres aca or Boo

recurvatum,
Te:

S
=e
2
=
is”)
fo
ba |
o-
E
=
oo”

Pteretis nodu

Pteridium eqnitinaes: 15. 3S1L3

latiusculum, 8, 94 114, var.
ee

Pteris peri: 15, 114; eretica,
15, se cretica W ilsonii, Beh al
decor 13: xeelsa, 15; i
oe “WT: : iongitolio, bse ti.
fida, Ore 71. See also Pteridium

Quillwort, 5, 117; Butler’s, pb §

Radula Sullivantii, 26
nea fern literature, 30, 62, 102,

Penis lvyania ‘ferns, 62;
aC hardy ferns and thei ir
pe Pas
Baan maximum,
Riccardia gerethog var. ater. 26
Ruae, H. G. A summer in north-
er . Europe, 129
RUSSELL, ‘ali Ss. Ferns of Okla-
homa (review), 102
Sadleria cyatheoides, 15; Hille-
brandii, 16

144

Salvinia, 101
SCHAFFNER, J. hinese spe-
OR nl ferns). 62
A tier scurii, 26

Scouring rush, smooth, 316: tall,

Scutty, F. J. Ferns of the Hot

Springs National Park, Arkan-
sas oanlew ), 135

— Nuttallianum, 51; pulchel-

Selastnella, 6; apoda, 97, 109, 117;
109; arbuscula, 17; Men-

Sieoit. 17: rupestris. 4, 5, .9,: 50,
51, 95, 98, 109, 117, in Arkan-

Selagin nella, creeping, 117
Sematophyllum “sje agaedtame 26
mt a ifol pti
South Carolina, eth of, 73, 149°
‘a ion for Hymenophyllum in,

meris chusana, 16

6, ’
mountain, 121; narrow-leaved,
112; pinnatifid, 112; rue, 129;
Scott’s, 28, 29, 107, 113, 136,
fertile, ; Silvery, 30, 124;
smaller, 113 ; varicolored, 121
URR, S. Northward exten-

sion of range for Hypolepi

K. Report of the
treasurer for 1939, 35
Syrrhopodon texanus, 26

Ta a cocina, 51;
or
Tectaria’ etabletts iia. 58, 60, 61,

parvi-

ERRATA
Page 45, line 17, for (Gmel)., read (Gmel.)
© 65, «96, for t spelen n, read Brete
e

oe 66, Cé iL
ee 91, “ce 16,

-~
a

92, last line, for form
for

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Texas, notes on ferns of,
Pilularia in, 99
p

oides a
Thuidivm delicatulum, "26
TRA Be Cyrtomii
n Cal itoreke 52
Trichocotea Joe entelle
Trichoma er
aoe chia oe 79; davai
1B Peterstl oo. 64
TrYON, R. JR. AR
h : 65.

Wann akan
Ww es Sone Mauna, 15

WHERRY, E.
vania Pat
WHITNEY, E

( review), ot

tnica, 114.
aeons eo Lorinseria

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| Ameriran Hern Journal

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A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS

Published by the

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY

ad
EDITORS
; WILLIAM R. MAXON
R. C. BENEDICT Cc. V. MORTON

IRA L. WIGGINS

VOLUME 31
i-9 <4 1

LANCASTER, PENNSYLVANIA

Pea ee re eS ee

CONTENTS
VoLtumME 31, NuMBER 1, Paces 1-40, issuep APRIL 4, 1941
Charles Alfred Weatherby and the American Fern Jounal.
R. C. Benedict
The Ferns and Fern Allies of South Carolina (conclusion).
Velma D, Matthews
On the Florida Fern Known as Dryopteris setigera.
Cc. V. Morton
Hybrid Woodsias in Minnesota... F. K. Butters
Shorter Notes: Asplenium Bradleyi in Ohio; New Localities
for Botrychium matricariaefolium in Maryland; Ferns in
the News-
Recent Fern Literature
American Fern Society

VoLuME 31, No. 2, Paces 41-80, issuzD May 27, 1941
The American Fern Journal Through Thirty Years.
- : R. C. Benedict
ew Stations for Florida Pteridophytes.......... Mary W. Diddell

N :
ew Lycopodium Gametophytes from New Jersey.
Hollis Koster

_ Lawson’s Type Specimens sic seu we C. A. Weatherby

S
ome Noteworthy Fern Communities of Arkansas.
Dwight W. Moore
Shorter Notes _. :
ih Fern Literature
merican Fern Society

VOLUME 31, No. 3, Paces 81-120, IssuED AUGUST 18, 1941

Sta
_. Local Fern Floras of the United States ..S. F. Blake
ts Determining the Distribution of Florida Ferns.
Stephen H. Spurr

A : :
rg adiantum-nigrum in Arizona... Edgar T. Wherry
fo. of ‘*Lyeopodiam?’? g:5.4 ek Charles Whitebread
g mon Dominica Ferny 2.3000 ee W. H. Hodge
horter Notes Se earl

i

VOLUME 31, No. 4, Pages 121-160, issuED DECE:
Notes on Dominica Ferns (conclusion) ...cccccooue-W.
The Gold Rush: A Fern All R.
State and Local Fern Floras of the United States (

Habitats and Distribution of Ophioglossum in Florida.
Edward P. St.
Recent Fern Literature

erican Fern Society :
Index to Volume 31

a

Vol. 31 January-March, 1941 No. 1

American ern Inournal

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY

w

EDITORS
WILLIAM R. MAXON
R. C. BENEDICT Cc. V. MORTON
IRA L. WIGGINS
cd

CONTENTS
Charles Alfred Weatherby and the American Fern Journal
C. Benzpicr 1
The Ferns and Fern Allies of South Ceotes (conclusion)
—e D. MarrHews 4
lorid:
a Fern Known as Aietasa8 seigers 12
Hybrid Woodsias in Minnesota... F. K- BUTTER -
See oe ee sn Maryland: Ferme

Che American Hern HSaoriety

Counril for 1941
OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR
BERT T. CLAUSEN, Bailey baie Ithaca, N, Y. President
J agit bins Boulder, Colorado Vice-President
Mrs. Exstz Grsson WHITNEY, 342 New Scotland ‘Ave., — a 3
Henry K, Svenson, Brooklyn Botanie Garden, Brook, XT am

Wu1am RB. Maxon, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.

Editor-in-Chie
OFFICIAL ORGAN
American Fern Journal
saat: ©

Wituiam R, Maxon ....... Smithsonian Ins’ titution , Washington, D. x
R.C. BENEDICT... 1819 Dorchester Road, Brooklyn, N. N.
C. V. Morton -.............. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D ne
Tra L, Wicerns ......... Dudley Herbarium, Stanford University,

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2
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as LIBRARIAN xt
_ Miss Hestzz M. Rusk, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brookly

CURATOR OF THE a ; f ae

American Fern Journal

Vou. 31 JaNuaRy—MarcH, 1941 No. 1

Charles Alfred Weatherby and the American
Fern Journal

R. C. BENEDICT

In 1910, the first two numbers of the American Fern
Journal were offered as an experiment, to see whether
the Fern Society would care to undertake the publication
of its own organ. Starting with 1911, the JOURNAL was
regularly adopted, and now it can celebrate the comple-
tion of its thirtieth volume. During the first four years
there were several changes in responsibility for its man-
agement, with Philip Dowell and R. C. Benedict dividing
the editorial work and E. J. Winslow carrying the gen-
eral and detailed tasks of business management, advertis-
ing, mailing each issue, storing back numbers, ete. These
latter were onerous tasks which Mr. Winslow earried on
for many years. His resignation was reluctantly ac-
cepted after twenty-five years of service.

The work of editing the JouRNAL called for an addi-
onal staff member, and late in 1914 President C. H. Bis-
sell suggested C. A. Weatherby, who had been Secretary
ba the Society the year previous and who had con-
tributed botanically and editorially to the publication of
the “Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Ferns of
Connecticut,’? with Mr. Bissell and others.

No more fortunate nomination could have been made.
Through the twenty-six years which have since elapsed,
ere
"Meee 47 4 of the JOURNAL, pages 105-144, was issued

1

2 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Mr. Weatherby’s literary and scientific scholarship have
combined to make the American Fern Journal one of the
best edited of science magazines. I can say that with
good grace, despite the fact that during most of this |
period my name has stood at the head of the list of
editors of the Journau. Increasingly from the first,
C. A. W. carried the main load of editorial work. More
than once I urged that the title ‘‘editor-in-chief”’ be set
after the name ‘‘ Weatherby”; but since he was handling
the proof and had the last say as to the set-up of the
JOURNAL, my proposals were not accepted. Now he’s
through and I can say what I please!

Mr. Weatherby brought to the service of the Society
much more than his own scholarly background. In&
letter written early in his editorial connection with the
JOURNAL, referring to the desirability of illustrations for
a certain fern group, he let it be known that he haé®
friend, a Miss Foster, who was very generous of her time
and talents as an artist, and presently Mrs. Weatherby:
to-be contributed the first of a series of valued and dis
criminating drawings of fern types. Of his help to the
JOURNAL when the Society had suffered a severe finanal
loss, and there were no funds with which to pay printer
bills, I shall say no more than that his aid has bee? ee
ceeded only by the late President Bissell’s bequest of five
hundred dollars as an herbarium fund.

In another early letter Mr. Weatherby more ae
intimated that although ferns were all right he thoug
grasses were probably more interesting! I have he
no repetition of this heresy for many years. His init
in vascular plants is catholic and his knowledge Lege
reaching, yet I am sure we may consider his days oat
vacillation as long past. The latest edition of Amée™ u-
Men of Science records his field as ‘‘taxonomy of pee
lar plants, especially American ferns.”’ i*

WEATHERBY AND THE JOURNAL 3

group, a present special interest in the difficult genus
Notholaena may be cited.

It is my understanding that Mr. Weatherby, like so
many members of the Fern Society, did not start out as
a botanist, let alone a pteridologist. To our varied mem-
bership of theologians, engineers, geologists, English
Scholars, gardeners, college football coaches, business
Men, and the like, the subject of these paragraphs added
the philologist. Certainly that training provided an
excellent background for editorial work. But editorial
Work requires the possession of many attributes besides
technical knowledge and care and precision with respect
to language. At times manuscripts are received that
leave much to be desired on the score of legibility or are
faulty in English construction. Sometimes also some of
the subject matter may be erroneous, of doubtful value,
or stated at too great length. Naturally, such articles re-
(uire editorial revision; and in this delicate task the
friendly criticisms by C. A. W. have invariably been given
with the utmost consideration, helpfulness, and tact.

New Englanders are notably reticent, not given to volu-
bility in the expression of personal views and philosophy.
However, it is possible at times to discover a man’s aims
and point of view indirectly, by noting how he appraises
others and what he admires in them. Read Mr. Weather-
by’s tribute to C. H. Bissell, in Volume 15 of the Jour-
Nat. From that I quote, with a minor modification, a
Sentence which most appropriately characterizes Charles
Alfred Weatherby today: ‘‘A man to whom his fellow
members turn with entire confidence in any matter
Which calls for perfect integrity, sound judgment, and
®onstructive ability.”

Brooxiyn Botanic GARDEN AND

Brookiyn COLLEGE

4 AMERICAN FERN JouRNAL

The Ferns and Fern Allies of South Carolina
Veutma D. Marruews

(Continued from Volume 30, page 128)

17. Preriprum Scop.

1, PreRrwium Latiuscutum (Desv.) Hieron.
Bracken Fern.

Fields, woods and in many types of soil, but most abun-
dant in sandy regions. It is found from the coast to the
mountains. Most of the following records represent the
variety pseudocaudatum. Counties: Aiken, Allendale,
Anderson, Bamberg, Beaufort, Berkeley, Charleston,
Chesterfield, Clarendon, Colleton, Darlington, Dillon,
Dorchester, Edgefield, Florence, Georgetown, Greenville,

ampton, Horry, Jasper, Kershaw, Lee, Lexington,
Marlboro, McCormick, Oconee, Orangeburg, Pickens,
Williamsburg, and York.

18. Preris L.
1. Preris MULTIFIDA Poir. Spider Brake.

On old walls, on rocks, and in regions where lime 8
Present. Escaped from cultivation. For an interesting
discussion on this fern in South Carolina see Miss Bragg’s
account in the Bulletin of the Charleston Museum 10: 19.

914. Counties. Bravurort: Matthews (CC). BERKE
LEY: Walter’s Botanic Garden on the Santee River,
Small (NY ); locks of the Santee Canal near Walters
Place, Eggleston (NY); Coker (NC). CHARLESTON ‘
Charleston, Small (NY), Curtis (US, NY, NC, A), Biel
ardson (NC), Coker (NC), Matthews (CC), Correll (D),
Smith (A, US). Dorcuester: Summerville, Matthews
and Hewitt (CC). Grorcerown: Georgetown, Coker
(NC). Ricuuanp: Columbia, Martin (Ch.).

FERNS OF SouTtH CAROLINA 5

2. Preris vITTATA L. badder Brake.

On brick walls in Charleston. Counties. CHARLESTON:
on walls in Charleston, Bragg (Ch.), Richardson (NC),
and Matthews (CC).

19. THeuypreris Schmidel.

1, THELYPTERIS NORMALIS (C. Chr.) Moxley.
Christensen’s Marsh-Fern.
Moist woods, and rocky slopes, chiefly in calcareous
regions in the coastal plain. Some of the specimens
listed below might be placed in different species by spe-
cialists who follow Small. This fern grows in great
profusion on moist banks along the Edisto River in
Givhans Ferry State Park. Here the fronds often reach
a length of 3 feet. On the other hand, plants growing
on walls in dry places may have fronds only a few inches
In length. For a report on this species in Berkeley
County see this Journan 26: 127. 1936. Counties.
Braurort: on ruins of Old Sheldon’s Church near Gar-
den’s Corner, Matthews (CC). BrrKELey: on a tomb at
Goose Creek Church, Bragg (Ch., G); along Santee
Canal 2 miles northeast of Moncks Corner, Wherry (A,
©). Dorcunsrer: bluff along Edisto River in Givhans
Perry State Park, Matthews (C). Orancrpure: Eutaw
Prings, Ravenel (G),—(Ch.), Matthews and Hewitt
(CC), Clausen and Trapido (B, CC).

2. THELYPTERIS NOVEBORACENSIS (L.) Nieuwl.

New York Fern.
ase woods. Counties. CHEROKEE: Brown’s Mt.,
Ca bie (A). Greenvie: Jones’ Gap, Leeds (A);
Me a 8 Head, Bragg (Ch.), Philson (CC); Hogback
(F) mith and Hewitt (CC) ; Blythe Shoals, Thomason

- OconzE: Callas Gap north of Mountain Rest,

Wherry (A) ; Oconee State Park, Matthews and Holland.

6 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Pickens: Round Top Mt., Correll (D),—Anderson (US,
NY); Sassafras Mt., Clausen and Trapido (B, CC);
Rocky Bottom, Matthews and H olland (CC). SParTan-
BURG: ] mile west of Spartanburg, Matthews and Holland

(CC).

3. THELYPTERIS PALUSTRIS Schott. Marsh Fern.

Moist woods and Swamps. Counties. AIKEN: Aiken,
Ferguson (NY). Anperson: Anderson, Davis (US, G,
A). BERKELEy: Pinopolis, Matthews and Hewitt (CC).
CHARLESTON: Navy Yard at Charleston—(Ch.) ; 6 miles
north of Charleston, Wherry (A). Darurineron: Harts
ville, Matthews and Smith (CC). GkoregETown: near
Brookgreen, Tarbox (NY), Matthews and Hewitt (CC).
Horry: Myrtle Beach, Coker (NC); south of Myrtle
Beach, Matthews and Hewitt (CC).

20. Woopsta R. Br.

1. Woonsta OBTUSA (Spreng.) Torr.
Blunt-lobed Woodsia.

miles from McCormick, Matthews (CC). GRE
Caesar’s Head —(Ch.). Lancasrae 0 orty-aere Rock
Matthews ana Boland (CC). Lexrneton: Peach-tree
Rock, Philson (CC, SC).

Order 3. SALVINIALES

Family 1, SALVINIACEAR Salvinia Family
1. Azouua Lam.
l. Azonns CAROLINIANA Willd. Water Fern.

Floating in still water of ponds and canals. meee
BERKELEY : Santee Canal, Ravenel (Ch., NY). D°

FERNS oF SoutH CAROLINA 7

CHESTER : 12 miles southwest of Summerville, Leeds (A).
KersHaw: Camden, H. D. House (US, NY).

Order 4. LycoPopDIALEs

Family 1. Psmoracear Psilotum Family

1. Psmorum R. Br.
1. Psmorum nupum (L.) Griseb. Whisk Fern.

On bark of trees and at the base of trees. This species
has not been collected in the state in recent years. There
is the following note by Mellichamp in the Bulletin of the
Torrey Botanical Club 9: 128. 1882: ‘“New Station for
Psilotum triquetrum, Swartz. Last week I found here
‘ix or eight specimens of this plant growing under a live
oak and pine. It has been identified by Dr. Gray, to
whom I sent it, and also by Mr. Ravenel of Aiken, 8. C.,
who informs me that thirty-five years ago he met with
the same in St. John’s—Berkeley, in this State, but that
he has not seen it since. He found about a half dozen
Specimens growing in an old deserted garden, under ‘wild
orange trees.’ Bluffton, S. C., Sept. 18, 1882.’ There
'S one specimen at the New York Botanical Garden with
the label: ‘In an old neglected garden, South Carolina.
Ex. Rev. Dr. M. A. Curtis, 1859.’’ It is not clear whether
Curtis really collected this or perhaps received it from
Ravenel, Counties. Braurort: Bluffton, Mellichamp
Hee 1887 (NY), also Bluffton, Mellichamp dated April

» 1894 (US), also a collection marked Bluffton in the
Pia collection at Converse College. BERKELEY:

antee Canal, Ravenel (Ch.), also no doubt from the
te locality a collection at Converse with the label

Parasitic on roots? of Cerasus caroliniana, 8. C.”’

8 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
Family 2. Lycopopracear Club-Moss Family

Lycopopium L.

1. Lycopoptum appREssum ( Chapm.) Lloyd & Underw.
Chapman’s Club-Moss.
Boggy swamps and savannahs. Lycopodium adpres-
sum forma polyclavatum McDonald is rather abundant
in one flat at Hartsville. Counties. ALLENDALE: west of
Allendale, Wherry (A). CHarueston: Adams Ru,
Correll (D). CLARENDON: north of Manning, Stone (A);
Wilson’s Mill, Stone (A). Dartrneron: Hartsville,
Coker (A, NC), Matthews (CC). Duon: north of
Dillon, Matthews and Smith (CC). Kersaaw: Camden,
H. D. House (US).

2. Lycopoprum ALOPECUROIDES Li. Foxtail Club-Moss.

Swamps and savannahs. Counties. AIKEN: Aiken
State Park, Matthews (CC). Beaurort: Dale, Gibson
(CC). Berkeney: Santee Canal, Ravenel (Ch.) ; Pine
ville, Matthews and Hewitt (CC). CHESTERFIELD:
McBee, Matthews and Smith (CC) ; Meddendorf, Oost-
ing (D). Cuarenpon: Aleolu and Manning, Stone (A):
COLLETON : along highway #65, Matthews (CC). Da®
LINGTON : Hartsville, Hewitt (CC), Norton (US); Society
Hill, Matthews (CC). Dron: north of Dillon, Mat
thews and Smith. Dorcuester: Summerville—(Ch-):
GEORGETOWN : — Correll (D). Horry: Myrtle Beach,
Batson (F). Lextneron: Congaree Creek, — (CC).
ORANGEBURG: Eutawville, Eggleston (G). SUMTER:
Cane Savannah, Stone (A); Sumter, Bartram (A).

3. Lycopopruy CAROLINIANUM L. Carolina Club-Moss
Moist meadows and wet sandy places, in sterile, acid
Soil. Counties. Arxen: Aiken, Ravenel (US, wd
DALE: west of Allendale, Wherry (A). DARLIN .

Ferns oF SoutH CAROLINA 9

Ton: Hartsville, Norton (US), Matthews (CC). GHORGE-
TowN: —, Correll (D).

4. LycopoDIUM FLABELLIFORME (Fernald) Blanchard.
Running Pine.
Dry or moist woods. Counties. CHEsTER: south of
Chester, Caldwell (CC). GREENVILLE: Stone’s Lake 2
miles east of Greenville, Loomis (A) ; Easley, Fullbright
(F). Laurens: — (Cl). Pickens: northwest 0
Easley, Clausen and Trapido (CC).

5. Lycoroprum LuciputuM Michx. Shining Club-Moss.

Moist woods and along streams. Counties. GREEN-
VILLE: below Rainbow Falls, — (CC), Kelley (F);
Marietta, Thomason (CC) ; 5 miles northeast of Merrits-
Ville, Wherry (A); ravine of Mathews Creek below
Raven Cliff, Wherry (A). Pickens: Round Top Mt.,
Correll (D)

6. Lycoroprum opscuruM L. Ground Pine.
Moist woods. Counties. GRreEnviiie: Caesar’s Head,
(Ch.).

1. Lycopoprum prostratum Harper.

Southern Club-Moss.
Swamps and wet pine lands of the coastal plain. Coun-
tes. BEAurorr ; Hardeeville, Smith (US). CHARLES-
Ton: Adams Run, Correll (D). CLARENDON: 5 miles east
of Manning, Stone (A).

8. Lycoroprum SELAGO var. PATENS (Beauv.) Desv.
; Rock Club-Moss.
Moist shaded slopes and ledges. Counties. GREEN-
‘i Falls of the Saluda, Smith (US) ; base of Rain-
ow Falls 4 miles east of Jones Gap, Wherry (A); below
tud - Falls, 2 miles northwest of Middle Saluda, alti-
€ 2,500 ft., Clausen and Trapido (B, CC).

10 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Family 3. SELAGINELLACEAE. Spike-Moss Family.
SELAGINELLA Beauv.

1. SELAGINELLA ACANTHONOTA Underw.
Sand Selaginella.

Sand hills and sandy soil. Counties. GREENVILLE:
Paris Mt., Mackenzie (US) (the authenticity of this
specimen is open to question). Horry: 12 miles north-
west of Green Sea, Wherry (A). Lexineton: 2 miles
northeast of Edmond, Wherry (A). RicHLanp: Colum
bia, Henry (A).

2. SELAGINELLA apopa (L.) Fernald.
Creeping Selaginella.
Moist shady places, especially along small streams.
Counties. BerkELey: Pinopolis and Pineville, Mat
thews and Hewitt (CC) ; Santee Canal, Ravenel (Ch.).
CuarLeston: Navy Yard, Bragg (Ch.); Bulow Mines,
Foster (CC). Cueroxee: Gaffney, Matthews (CC);
east of Blacksburg, Wherry (A). DARLINGTON: Society
Hill, Smith (CC). Dorcuesrer: Givhans Ferry State
Park, Matthews (CC); Summerville, Matthews and
Hewitt (CC); Middleton Gardens, Davidson (CC)-
DGEFIELD: Sleepy Creek, Fooshe (CC). GEORGETOWN :
Pawley’s Island, Matthews (CC); near Brookgree?,
Matthews and Hewitt (CC). Greenviiue: Rainbow
Falls, Philson (CC, SC) and Massey (CC); southeast
of Venus P. O., Wherry (A). Horry: south of Myrtle
Beach, Matthews and Hewitt (CC). Lancaster: Forty”
acre Rock and swamp near Lynch’s River, Matthews
(CC). Len: Lee State Park, Matthews (CC). OcoNEs:
near Jocassee, Correll and Barksdale (D). P1cKENS
northwest of Easley, Clausen and Trapido (B, CC);
south slope of Table Rock Mt., Wherry (A). McCo®
MICK: MeCormick, Matthews and Fooshe (CC).

FerRNS oF SoutH CAROLINA 11

3, SELAGINELLA RUPESTRIS (L.) Spring.
Rock Selaginella.
On rocks and on sandy slopes. Counties. CrmsrEr-
FELD: Sugar Loaf Mt., Matthews and Hewitt (CC).
GREENVILLE: Hogback Mt., Wherry (A); Paris Mt.,
Wherry (A); Mackenzie (US), Powell (CC), Clausen
and Trapide (B, CC). Len: Lee State Park, Matthews
(CC). Lexineron : Peach Tree Rock, Philson (SC, CC).

4. SELAGINELLA TorTIPILA A. Br.
Southern Rock-Selaginella.
On ledges of rock. Counties. Greenvitne: Caesar’s
Head, Smith (G), Blomguwist (D), Leeds (A); Paris
| eae (CC). Prcxens: Round Top Mt., Correll (D);
Table Rock, Clausen and Trapido (B, CC), — (G), Ives
and Radford (¥).

Order 5. EQumIsETALES
Family 1, EQuImsETACEAE. Horsetail Family.
1. Equtsetum L.
!. Eouiseryy PRAEALTUM Raf. Giant Horsetail.
Growing in limestone regions. Counties. CHEROKEE:
Cathey, Matthews (CC, A). This Equisetum is very
abundant along a small stream on the Limestone College

“ampus. Iam indebted to Dr. P. J. Philson for point-
ng out this location.

Order 6. ISOETALES

Family 1, TsopTacEAR, Quillwort Family.

_ 1. Tsorres L.
L. Tsorrns ENGELMANNI A. Br. Appalachian Quillwort.

— Owing in mud or in water, often entirely submerged.
unties, AIKEN : near Graniteville, Eggert (M). ead

12 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

LINGTON: Prestwood Lake, Hartsville, Matthews (CC).
DorcHEster : south of Summerville, Correll (D). GREEN-
VILLE: lake near Cedar Mt., Bold (CC). MARLBORO:
stream near Drake’s Mill, Matthews (CC). Isoetes engel-
mannt var. caroliniana A. A. Eaton, York: 24 miles
north of Clover, Wherry (A).

Coker COLLEGE, Hartsvit1g, 8S. C.

On the Florida Fern Known as Dryopteris
setigera’

C. V. Morton

In recent years an Asiatie fern which has been identi-
fied as Dryopteris setigera (Blume) Kuntze has become
rather commonly naturalized in Florida. It is a note
worthy plant, with finely dissected fronds, and is easily
distinguished by the abundant acicular hairs on the
costules and veins. The nomenclature of this species is.
however, exceedingly involved. Ching,? who has re
cently discussed it, remarks that ‘the nomenclatural con-
fusion for this widely distributed but constant fern 3
almost unthinkable,’ but it must be confessed that his
treatment has only served to increase the confusion.

In the third Supplement of Index Filicum (1934)
Christensen adopted the name D. uliginosa (Kunze) ¢

hr. It was Hooker and Baker* who first identified
Cheilanthes setigera Blume with Aspidium uliginosum
Kunze, and their treatment was accepted by subsequent
authors until 1917. At that time Dr. E. Rosenstock sa¥

ume’s type and identified it with Polypodium ornatum
hee by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsoman

B

- Fan Mem. Inst. Biol. 6: 339-347. 1936.
* Syn. Fil. ed. 1, 284. 1867.

REGARDING DRYOPTERIS SETIGERA 13

Wall., ie. Dryopteris ornata (Wall.) C. Chr. This is a
quite different fern, with muricate stipe and rhachis and
scaly costae. For the species that had previously been
known as setigera he used the name Dryopteris trichodes
(Reinw.) Rosenst., based on Polypodiwm trichodes
Reinw.; but the latter is a nomen nudum, and need not
be taken into consideration. The earliest available name
is Aspidium uliginosum Kunze, and the species must be
known as Dryopteris uliginosa.

In 1923 Dr. Maxon‘ correctly segregated three species
and pointed out the essential differences between them.
For these he used the names D. setigera, D. ornata, and
D. leucolepis. Not having access to Blume’s type, he —
applied the name setigera in the usual sense to Aspidium
uliginoswm, there being nothing in Blume’s original
description to indicate that this was incorrect. How-
ever, Dr, Rosenstock’s comments indicate a clear under-
standing of the differences between the species con-
cerned, and since he actually saw the type his identifica-
Hon of it with D. ornata is presumably correct.

Ching’s recent treatment, in which an attempt is made
'o distinguish five species in this group, is scarcely to be
interpreted without access to the material on which he
worked, However, it is obviously incorrect as regards
the interpretation of Dryopteris uliginosa, which Ching
characterizes as exindusiate. Aspidium wliginosum was

ased on plants cultivated in the Berlin Botanical Gar-
den, originally from Java. There is a specimen in the
‘ 8. National Herbarium which is probably type mate-
tial, and this shows indusia distinctly. Moreover, almost
all the Specimens of this species that I have examined
are indusiate, including some (e.g. How & Chun 70241
from Hainan) cited by Ching. Dryopteris oligophlebia |
(Baker) ©. Chr., which Ching recognizes as distinct on
the basis of indusia being present, is therefore probably

4 .
Proe. Biol. Soe, Washington 36: 170-173. 1923.

14 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

a synonym of D. uliginosa. At least, the presence or —
absence of an indusium is not a distinction between the
two. Furthermore, Ching does not identify the true D.
setigera with D. ornata, as do Rosenstock and Christen-
sen, but keeps them distinct on a similar basis; D. ornata
is said to be exindusiate, D. setigera indusiate. The
material at hand from India and tropical Asia is insuffi-
cient to decide on the validity of this treatment; but it
must be considered doubtful, particularly since there is
no indication that Ching ever saw the type of Blume’s
‘species.

To summarize, it may be said that in so far as the
plant naturalized in Florida and various parts of tropical
America is concerned the situation is clear. This spe
cies must be known as Dryopteris uliginosa (Kunze) C.
Chr., the more important synonymy being as follows:

DRYOPTERIS ULIGINOSA (Kunze) ©. Chr. Ind. Fil. Suppl.
3: 100. 1934.
Aspidium uliginosum Kunze, Linnaea 20: 6.
So Lagi nemorale Brack. U. S. Expl. ae Fr
854.

Polypodium tenericaule Wall. List no. 339. ~
(nomen nudum) ; Hook. Journ. Mise. Bot. Kew
353. 1857.

eb one tenericaule Hook. Sp. Fil. 4: 142. 1862
]

Dryopteris tenericaulis Ching, Sinensia 3: 325. ~
Thelypteris uliginosa Ching, Bull. Fan Mem. Ins
Biol. 6: 342. 1936. it
Dryopteris setigera auctt, plur., non Cheilanthes 5¢
lume,

SMITHSONIAN IxstiTUTION,
WaAsHINGTON, D.C

Hyprip Woopsias in MINNESOTA 15

Hybrid Woodsias in Minnesota
F. K. Burrers

Ina study of the ferns collected in recent years in Cook
County, Minnesota (the northeast corner of the state),
several peculiar Woodsia specimens have come to light
which appear to be hybrids. Five species of Woodsia are

own to occur in the county,’ and in a few places all five
have been collected within a radius of a few hundred
yards, so that hybridity is to be expected wherever it is
biologically possible. Up to date, however, only two of
the possible combinations have been noted.

1. x Woodsia gracilis (Lawson) comb. nov.
Woodsia alpina x ilvensis H. V. Rosendahl, Svensk
Botanisk Tidskrift LX, 418.
oodsia ilvensis 8 gracilis Lawson, Edinb. New
Philos. Journ., N. S. XIX, 281. 1864.

For some years occasional specimens have been col-
lected of a fern obviously close to W. ilvensis, but much
less chaffy and with shorter, wider, and relatively more
distant pinnae. Some of these plants have been tenta-
lively identified as W. alpina, others as W. ilvensis, but
tom year to year they have puzzled me in the field, and
had almost convinced me that those European botanists
are correct who follow Milde in regarding W. ilvensis and
W. alpina as varieties of a single polymorphic species.
However, a collection made in the summer of 1938 threw
Gerry ene

1 W. ilvensis, W. alpina, W. glabella, W. scopulina, and W. Cath-
certions Of these W. ilvensis is ubiquitous, W. scopulina locally
Side dant at a considerable number of stations, V. Cathoariore oe
: tably more localized, but abundant at a few stations, while the
wnt mre Bpecies are both local and searce. W. obtusa pubic
Shoal Minnesota but appears to be entirely absent from

ern half of the state,

16 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

much light on the real state of affairs. This collection,
the first cited below, consists of several plants of the fern
in question together with a single well developed speci-
men of typical W. alpina. Every frond of the latter is
in heavy fruit with many of the sporangia ripe and the
spores quite normal. In the other plants, however, while
the fronds are larger than those of W. alpina, and appat-
ently in a perfectly healthy condition, and there are very
numerous sori, the sporangia are all shrivelled and obvi-
ously abortive with no good spores. A re-examination of
the earlier collections of the plant shows a similar condi-
tion. It is quite evident that we are dealing with a sterile
hybrid the characters of which are entirely intermediate
between the parent species. In northeastern Minnesota
the hybrid is considerably more abundant than typical
W. alpina, but this is not surprising, since W. ilvensis is
overwhelmingly abundant and W. alpina very searce and
local. The same hybrid has been reported from Sweden
by H. V. Rosendahl,? who gives an excellent Latin de
seription of the plant, as well as extended Swedish com
mentaries upon it. Our plant agrees very well wit
Rosendahl’s description and figure, and also with a
Swedish specimen determined by him, now in the her-
barium of the University of Minnesota. Some of our
specimens are somewhat less hairy than his description
implies: ‘‘stipites . . . pilis multiarticulatis, ad 2 mm.
usque longis, crebris et paleis ad 4 mm. usque lone
fulvis, ovato-lanceolatis, non-nihil fimbriatis, 2 asi
filiformem longum productis inferne crebrioribus,
perne parcioribus vestiti.’? Some of ours, on the ©
hand, approach very closely both to this description and
to the condition of the Swedish specimens. Rosend:

e

2H. V. Rosendahl, Om Woodsia alpina och en sydlig —
form af denna samt Woodsia alpina x ilvensis nov. hybr. =
15

Botanisk Tidskrift IV: 414.

Hyprip Woopstas IN MINNESOTA 17

found many of the sporangia abortive, but some ripening
to form a few irregular and deformed spores. In our
Minnesota specimens I have noted a very few such spo-
rangia—not over 5 or 6 in all the material examined.
None appeared to contain viable spores.

Since this hybrid is so widespread it seems desirable to
have a convenient binomial name for it, and Lawson’s
varietal epithet is available. While I have not seen
authentic material of his Woodsia ilvensis B gracilis,
which came from Dartmouth River, Gaspé, his description
leaves little doubt that he was dealing with the same fern
and both of the parent species occur in the Gaspé.’ It
has indeed long been suspected that Lawson’s plant was
a hybrid.*

Finally it may be said that, at least in Minnesota,
Woodsia ilvensis and W. alpina appear to be perfectly
distinct and well-marked species, and that the various
“intereradations’’ between them are the result of hy-
bridity and appear to be wholly sterile.

1939 ; north-facing cliffs of caleareous slates, Clearwater

easement

* Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, N. 8. 19: 281. 1864.

I have no evidence as to which publication was the
Since the original description is somewhat inaccessible it
be well to quote it: ‘*B8 gracilis——Frond more slender, more
7 and less sealy than the type [of W. ilvensis] ; pinnae rather
peat, deeply pinnatified, or partially pinnate. Dartmouth River,
Ret sisi Bell, B.A. In technical characters, this form agrees
Mer with 7. alpina (hyperborea), but it has quite a different
aspect.”?
ti See C. A. Weatherby, A list of the varieties and forms of the
™s of eastern North America. AM. FERN JOURN. 26: 11. 1936.

18 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Lake, Butters and Buell 397, July 12, 1932; damp shady
locations on north side of slate cliff on south side of Clear-
water Lake, Butters, Burns and Hendrickson 5; small
slate ledges 1 mi. east of Grand Portage, Butters and
Moore, 10884, July 5, 1939.

2. x Woodsia Abbeae, hybr. nov.®
W. Cathceartiana x ilvensis.

long, 2.5-4.5 em. wide. Stipes slender, curved at the base,

colored when young, soon becoming dark reddish brown

ing and disappearing before the frond is wholly are
middle pinnae ovate-lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, 1. i
em. long, about 1 em. wide, deeply pinnatifid below Leese!
times essentially pinnate at the very base) crenately lo

above, rounded at the apex, the midrib somewhat sinuous,

°x Woodsia Abbeae hybr. nov., planta hybrida sterilis meee
atropurpurascentibus haud articulatis, laminis forma eee
inter parentes paleaceis atque pilis minimis glanduliferis pubs a
indusio squamis minimis sordidis fimbriatis pilis cylindrace's —
glanduliferis longioribus quam eis W. Catheartianae composita, 5P°
rangiis abortivis,

Hyprip Woopstas IN MINNESOTA 19

the lateral veins leaving the midrib at a very narrow
angle and running nearly parallel to it for some distance
before curving out into the respective segments.

ower segments rather remote, ovate or oblong-ovate,
somewhat contracted at the base and strongly decurrent,

hairs which are somewhat longer and more prominent
than in W. Cathcartiana. Sporangia aborting when
about half-grown.

It will be noted that the indument combines the glandu-
lar puberulence of W. Cathcartiana with the chaffiness of
W. ilwensis though both types are somewhat reduced in
vigor. The degree of chaffiness is very similar to that
Sccurring in x W. gracilis, and the glandular puberulence
less profuse than in W. Cathcartiana, There are none of
the long gland-tipped hairs that are so abundant in W.
Scopulina, the only other species of the W. oregana group
occurring in northern Minnesota. The texture of the
frond is intermediate between the rather firm and thick
W. ilwensis and the exceedingly delicate and thin W.
Catheartiana. The cutting of the frond, shape and dis-
tanee of pinnae and segments, and the degree of freedom
of the latter are likewise intermediate. The margin of
the segments in W. ilvensis is obscurely crenate, in W.
Cathcartiana erenately lobed often with some minute sec-
ondary teeth, and in the hybrid rather deeply crenate but
without Secondary teeth. In none of these respects is

ere any suggestion of W. scopulina.
om interesting hybrid was first noted by Mrs. E. C.

m August, 1937, while she and her husband were

20 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

on a short botanical trip along the Lake Superior shore
of Minnesota. They crossed Pigeon Bay, through which
the international boundary runs, and made a small collec-
tion of plants from some dry slate cliffs on the Canadian
side of the bay. Among these were Woodsia ilvensis, W.
scopulina, and a peculiar sterile Woodsia with the un-
articulated stipes and glandular puberulence of the W.
scopulina-W. Cathcartiana group combined with chafly
fronds which could have come only from W. ilvensis.

When these collections were turned over to me for
study, it at first appeared probable that the plant in ques-
tion was a hybrid of the two species with which it was
known to be growing, but it had none of the long, straight,
gland-tipped hairs of W. scopulina, and the cutting of the
frond with its rather remote pinnae and pinnules was far
more suggestive of W. Cathcartiana. I hesitated, how-
ever, to assign this parentage, as the nearest known sta
tion for W. Cathcartiana was eight miles distant. Last
summer, however, my doubts were resolved by two new
collections of the same hybrid from quite remote stations,

th accompanied by abundant material of both W. ilven-
sis and W. Cathcartiana growing in intimate associati?
with it. The plant combines the characters of these ue
species to such a degree that there is no doubt in my mind
that it is a hybrid between them, and that the apparent
absence of the latter species from the first locality where
the hybrid was found is due to its being overlooked dur
ing the brief time that the Abbes had available on the”
Visit there,

Since this hybrid is likely to appear wherever the Pa”
ent Species occur together it has seemed best to me 10
assign it a binomial name, and it gives me great pleasure
to name it for its discoverer, Mrs. E. C. Abbe, whose ite
eye for rare ferns has been of great service to me on many
occasions,

SHORTER NOTES 21

Collections studied. Minnesota: High cliff near
“Canadian Border Lodge,’’ Moose Lake, northern St.
Louis Co., July 1, 1939, Olga Lakela; Cliffs south of John
Lake, northern Cook Co., July 1, 1939, Butters and
Moore, No. 10785. Onrartio: Thunder Bay District. Dry
cliffs on the north side of Pigeon Bay, Lake Superior,
August 21, 1937, E. C. and Lucy B. Abbe, No. 596 (TYPE,
in

erb. Univ. Minn.)

MINNEAPOLIS, MINNESOTA.

Shorter Notes

ASPLENIUM BRADLEYI IN OHI0.—I should like to report
the finding of Asplenium Bradleyi D. C. Eaton in Wash-
ington County, Ohio, on October 22, 1940. This is, I
think, the first record for Ohio. A number of well-
developed plants were found growing at the base and in
the crevices of a sandstone cliff about 200 yards west of
a small natural bridge and overlooking Burnett Run to
the west, in Fairfield Township. A specimen has been
Placed in the Marietta College Herbarium—Gzorce R.
Proctor, Marietta, Ohio.

New Locauitres ror BorrRYCHIUM MATRICARIAEFOLIUM
IN MaryLanp.—During the early part of July, 1939, while
Searching for Ophioglossum vulgatum, a single plant of
some Botrychium was found in brushy woods about thirty
feet from a large salt marsh on the south side of the
northern branch of the West River which empties into the
Chesapeake Bay below Mayo. Subsequently, Dr. Maxon
identified it as B. matricariaefolium A. Braun. This
year the locality was revisited and about a quarter of a
mile away in damp open woods about seventy small plants
Were found. In company with Miss Antoinette Ketner, I
collected five more plants about six miles below Sykesville
damp woods along a stream near the Patapsco River.

22 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Another locality, probably the southernmost, was found
along the Patuxent River near Marlboro while searching
for freak specimens of Ophioglossum vulgatum. Only
one plant was found. Evidently this species has a wide
range in Maryland and persistent searching (meaning 00
hands and knees) may show it to occur in numerous other
localities in this the southernmost state of its range.—
W. Herpert WAGNER, JR., Washington, D. C.

Ferns IN THE News.—Quoting from the New York
Times, Science and Discovery (October 1940) carries a
story of a commercial development involving ferns. e
title, ‘War Brings Work to Jersey ‘Miners,’ ’’ notes
that the loss of German supplies of peat moss has led to
the reopening of bogs in several areas in New Jersey:
Two sites are specifically mentioned, the Troy Meadows,
well known as a field station for birds and swamp plants,
and Bear Swamp, in Sussex County. At the Bear
Swamp site, it is said that ‘‘the miners are forced to
carry twenty-five pound bags through snake-infested
swamps to reach the highways, usually two or three ml es
away. High boots or leggings are worn as protection
against copperheads.’’ Bear Swamp, I learn by &
quiry of Mr. Frank Stoll, is near Lake Owosso, at the
edge of the Kittatinnys. Sounds like a good place fof
a Fern Society field trip in 1941. Any takers?

The article goes on to say that the peat moss (s0-
called) ‘‘is formed from the decomposition of the root
of the Osmunda fern.’? The sites are referred to ®
““‘deposits,’’ but from the whole text it is obvious ie
what is meant is neither moss, nor peat, nor a depost
The material is actually derived from the living, W™
black root-masses of Osmunda spectabilis or 9. one
momea. ‘‘The chunks are cut into small pieces and the
white center, known as the core, is removed. This cor’

SHORTER Notes 23

tossed back into the swamp, within ten or fifteen years
is all ready to be harvested again.’? Can anyone sub-
stantiate this last statement from actual test?

The incorrect use of the term ‘‘peat moss’’ in this
article, as rather widely in the florist trade, is an exam-
ple of the way in which common names are sometimes
badly confused and misapplied. Because of this con-
fusion, a brief glossary may not be out of order:

(1) Botanically, living plants, or material derived
from plants, of the moss genus Sphagnum. In the last
war, specially prepared, dried Sphagnum was used as a
substitute for absorbent cotton; it has very high ab-
sorbent qualities. In horticulture bales of the dried
moss are sold as an ingredient to mix with heavy soils.

(2) A brownish, much decomposed mixture of bog-
plant material, sold in bags; widely used horticulturally
to lighten soils and give water-retaining quality. Allied
to this, presumably, is the ‘‘peat’’ which constitutes a
low grade fuel in many parts of the world.

(3) Mistakenly, dried root masses of Osmunda, as in
the Times article. This material is sold in bags, and is
used for the special cultural conditions required by
many tropical greenhouse plants, especially orchids,
bromeliads, and other epiphytes. Chunks of these wiry,
tangled roots are cut into appropriate sizes and shapes
te wired to supports or packed into pots. The fleshy

air’’ roots of the epiphytes find here a basis of support
and sufficient moisture for their needs. Many tropical
ferns that cannot be erown in ordinary soil will thrive
When potted in Osmunda root material. Incidentally,
chunks of this make an excellent culture base for germi-
nating many kinds of fern spores.—R. C. BENEDICT.

24 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Recent Fern Literature

‘The Ferns and Fern Allies of Wisconsin,’’ recently
published under the auspices of the state university, is
a happy example of cooperative effort. Most of the text
and the photographs of herbarium specimens are by R.
M. Tryon, Jr.; D. W. Dunlop has contributed the draw-
ings and assisted in preparing the account of the fern
allies; M. E. Diemer made the photographs of ferns im
their native habitats; and Prof. N. C. Fassett exercised
general supervision and saw the work through the press-
The final result is one of the best of recent fern floras.

The book is planned and worked out with evident cate
and a keen eye to its maximum usefulness. It has, %
course, the explanatory and physiographic introduction
(both brief and informative), descriptions, keys to se
era and species under each genus, glossary, and pibliog-
raphy usual in well-equipped modern floras, and
maps of distribution within the state which are becomns
usual. It has also a general key to all species of tru?
ferns included, based chiefly on vegetative characters
and accompanied by drawings and photographs designed
to make obvious to the eye the meaning of deseriptivé
terms used—such as ‘‘glands,’’ not always intelligible
the inexperienced—and specifically referred to in
body of the key. For instance:

1. Blade simple or lobed less than one-third of the way t? the rachis

1. Blade pinnate or lobed over two-thirds of the way to the ™
(Pig. : pea eee

This is a good device, especially as the drawings are
excellent in technique and bring out with admirable
clarity the characters they are intended to define. :

Wherever the necessary material is available, &°
Species is illustrated on an unusually comprehensiv°

RECENT FERN LITERATURE 25

scheme—a photograph of growing plants in the wild, one
of an herbarium specimen of a single individual or frond,
one of some enlarged and significant detail, and, where
needed, drawings of parts too small or too difficult for
the camera.

Partly at Mr. Tryon’s request, the few minor errors
discovered are here listed, by way of correction for the
benefit of users of the book. On page v of the preface,
(1938-39? should read ‘‘1937-38.’’ On p. 8, the title
of the key should read ‘‘chiefly based on sterile fronds.”’
On p. 43, the dot in Ashland County on map 15 (Poly-
stichwm Braunii var. Purshii) is not accounted for in the
text; Mr. Tryon informs me the map is correct. There
seems to be some confusion among the illustrations of
the lady ferns; figure 71 looks more like Athyrium an-
gustum var. elatius than var. rubellum, as labelled, and
the pinnules illustrated are hardly characteristic. The
Captions of maps 75 and 76 have been interchanged.
And, finally, on p. 119 the author citation for Equisetum
variegatum should be ‘‘Schleich.,’’ not ‘‘Schleid.”’

The preface informs us that publication of the book
Was made possible by financial aid from Mr. Martin J.
Gillen. Fern-lovers may well be grateful to him.’—C. oe
Weraruersy.

The American Fern Society is honored to number
‘Mong its members the distinguished Chilean botanist,
Gualterio Looser, of Santiago. Although Dr. Looser’s
Work covers a wide range of plants, not a few of his
Papers treat of ferns of Chile and of South America
Senerally. Among six articles published in 1940, three
ie concerned entirely with ferns. One of the species
‘onsidered, Pellaca ternifolia, as it happens had been
ee

1
Con and Fern Allies of Wisconsin. Madison, May, 1040.
» PP. vi+ 158, 214 figs., 76 maps.

26 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

first described by a Spanish botanist of nearly a century
and half ago, Cavanilles. For purposes of record, the
articles are listed below. With the knowledge that the
Spanish word for ferns is ‘*helechos,’’ it is easy to trans-
late the titles of the fern papers.

From a survey of the articles one is impressed with the
realization that Chilean climate and soil conditions must,
in part, at least, have much in common with those of the
United States. In the paper entitled ‘Botanical Miseel-
lany V.’’ (Botanica Miscelanea V), the growth and
appearance of our eastern cypress, Taxodium distichum,
which has been planted in Chile as an ornamental, are
discussed. In appropriate situations, the cypress de-
velops the characteristic aerating ‘‘knees’’ so familiar in
the United States. Two weeds of our eastern states have
also found their way to Chile, whether directly from the
Old World or by way of North America is not stated—
Arctium Lappa and Echium vulgare. Another new
comer, Lupinus arboreus, hails from California.

Among a considerable number of ferns discussed
three of the articles, the following species will be familiar
to fern students of the United States: Cryptogramma
crispa, Polypodium polypodioides, Botrychium Lwnarit,

ystopteris fragilis, and Polystichum mohrioides. A
complete list of Southern Andean ferns would preset

ence

0

1 hi aaa Helechos de los ear os las Provincias de om

y Talea Bop a Universitaria 25 1940. Revista

as Li lidades de los Tipos de mh " Helechos Chilenos.
Universitaria 25: 155-204. 1940

des
Obre el Helecho Pellaca ternifolia en Chile y Seer)
sobre esta Genero. Revis a Universitaria 25: 109-116 ri
Botanica Miscelanea v. a Universitaria 25: 31—

evist ¢
Las Fechas de Publicacion de las ‘‘ Plantas Nuevas Chilenas :
Rudotto Amando Philippi. Revista Argentina de Agronom

: 40

misso Adalberto de. Mi Vis sita a Chile en 1816. (i ae
lated by Gualterio Looser, with a ‘‘Nota sobre la Vida y Obras
amisso’’.) Rev. Chil. Hist. Geogr. 88: 1-50. 1940.

RECENT FERN LITERATURE 27

a considerably larger number of species found also in
our northern region. Those interested in fern gardens
will wonder how many distinctively Chilean species
might be happy in company with our local hardy species.
That American fern students as well as ferns are not
unknown in Chile is indicated by the listing of a South
American maidenhair, Adiantum Weatherbyanum Espi-
nosa. We hope it is a handsome species.—R. ©. BENEDICT.

A 22-page key to the species and subspecies or varieties
of pteridophytes now recognized as growing in the
Gray’s Manual range has recently been published.’ It is
arranged on the index-number plan, and is dichotomous
*xcept at numbers 5, 23, 42, 72, 90, 106, 110, 120, 166,
and 176. It appears to be complete except for the
omission of Isoetes virginica; the nomenclature follows
Broun’s Index, although there are some 10 misprints in
the spelling of technical names. One new name is pub-

ished, on page 154; the plant described by Miss Braun*
as Asplenium cryptolepis x Camptosorus rhizophyllus be-
comes x Asplenosorus imexpectatus Braun ex Friesner.
Unfortunately the key contains several wrong ‘‘leads.”’
Thus, second entry 42, ‘‘Fertile segment merely the con-
tracted terminal portion ... ,’’ leads to 43, Polystichum
braunii var. purshii, one of the diagnostic characters of
Which is that the terminal portion is not contracted.
*cond entry 78, ‘‘Fronds pubescent or hirsute,’’ leads
to 79, Cheilanthes siliquosa, which is glabrous. Second
“ntry 101, ‘‘Rachis black,’’ includes, at 103, Aspleniwm
ener on, in which this structure is brown. And

on,

ae Ra i ieties of Ferns and
i y C. Key to Species and Varieties 0: E
Stan es of Northeastern North America. Butler Univ. cpr
arnt - August, 1940. (Reprints for sale at ten cents p
Tuthar - Department of Boe Tntlae University, Indianapolis,

2 :
This JouRNAL, 29: 133, 1939,

28 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

An error that has led to numerous false reports of
Dryopteris simulata is unfortunately repeated here; 136,
‘Fruiting veins simple,’’ versus ‘‘ Fruiting veins once-
forked’’ for Dryopteris thelypteris. Actually it is only -
the sterile veins which can safely be used for this differ-
entiation. :

Aside from such obvious errors, the key does not allow
sufficiently for variation and intergradation between
Species, especially in the more difficult groups—Botry-
chium, Phegopteris, Asplenium hybrids, Cystopteris fra-
gilis varieties, Woodsia, Equisetum, and Isoetes. Thus,
unbranched forms of Equisetum fluviatile and E. pa-
lustre, which are not rare, will come out in the key to
E. kansanum ; whereas small shoots of E. fluviatile, which
may have rather loose sheaths with 8 teeth or even fewer,
will run to E. palustre. The key under discussion ev!
dently needs extensive revision to make it more nearly
“*fool-proof.”’-—E. T. Wuerry.

Perhaps the most extraordinary scientific publication
Which has ever been noticed in the Fern Journat is the
periodical ‘‘Natura,’’ the first number of which has just
been brought to our attention. It is published, in Japa
hese and Portuguese, by the Kanihara Institute of Nat
ural Science of Brazil, located at Sao Paulo in that
country.

It is probably news to most of our readers that there
are enough Japanese in Brazil to support a scientific
Mstitution of their own. It is also news that there ate
enough species of plants common to both countries 1
Suggest a “‘Flora Nippo-Brasiliensis.’’? However; oe
first installment of such a flora, by Goro Hashimoto 4?
covering the ferns, appears in this number of Nes
By dint of stretching specific limits very widely (“B*
‘rychium virginianum,” for instance, of southern Brazil
would be referred by nearly all present-day pteridolo

AMERICAN FERN Socrery 29

gists to B. cicutarium) and of including all species in
cultivation, even when not native to either country, the
author, with some mishaps in the way of misprints and
transpositions of captions, has achieved a list of 18 species
which the enquirer might find both in J apan and Brazil.*

The present reviewer is handicapped in dealing with
Natura by an exceedingly limited knowledge of one of
the two languages used in it and none at all of the other ;
but, with the aid of a better equipped colleague, he makes
out, from a preface by the J apanese consul at Sao Paulo,
that the object of the publication is to stimulate scientific
activity among the J apanese immigrants, to make known
Japanese theories and discoveries, and thereby to aid

razil on its upward cultural path. He confesses to
Some doubt as to the usefulness, for this purpose, of the
Flora Nippo-Brasiliensis —C, A. WEATHERBY.

American Fern Society
Report of the President for 1940

The American FERN JOURNAL is the greatest benefit
that members derive from their affiliation with the So-
Gety. After a long period of devoted service, Mr. C. A.
Weatherby, Senior Editor, felt it necessary to retire
ftom that position at the close of the year. His resigna-
fon Was regretfully accepted, and to succeed him as
Editor-in-chieg the Council voted the appointment of
Dr. William R. Maxon, to be assisted by a board com-
Posed of three other members: Dr. R. C. Benedict, Mr.
C.V. Morton, and Dr. Ira L. Wiggins.

Through the maintenance of free mediums of expres-
“lon, science can survive and progress. Scientifie jour-
hals differ from those of other types in that they must ac-

“pashimot i iliensi Natura 1:
11-25 ¢ foe” Meh Flora Nippo-Brasiliensis, I.

30 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

cept for publication all honest and carefully prepared re-
ports on research, so long as they are within the field of
the journal concerned and not beyond its financial ability
for publication. Editors cannot refuse articles for polit-
ical reasons or because the material presented is contrary
to their own point of view. Yet, in order to insure a
high-quality publication, editors must insist that manu-
scripts be prepared with rigorous care, that facts and
ideas be clearly expressed in as few words as possible
and that, before writing, each author examine thoroughly
the previous literature in order to avoid needless dupli-
cation of information. Details of nomenclature and tax-
onomy are affairs beyond the editorial sphere. For
that reason, writers must be even more careful in these
matters. A great responsibility rests on their practices.

After the Journat, the Society’s library and herba-
rium are perhaps next in importance. In 1940, Dean
L. S. Hopkins, after many years as Curator, ended his
service in that capacity. The Herbarium, by order of
the Council, was moved to the Brooklyn Botanic Garden,
where it is now housed. Members wishing to borrow °
contribute specimens should correspond with
Hester M. Rusk, the Society’s Librarian, who will serve
also as Curator of the Herbarium. —

In the election at the end of 1940, various amendments
to the Constitution were placed before us for vote. These
proposed changes raise the whole question of our meth
of obtaining persons for the various offices. To achieve
this end, there may be better ways than the one whieh
we now use. For example, we might have nominstie’
from the entire membership. A nomination blank migh
be sent to each member about September 1. O02 this he
might indicate one name for-each office. These blanks

AMERICAN FERN Socrety 31

might then be sent to a Judge of Elections who would
count the nominations. Names of the three highest
nominees for each office might then be forwarded to the
Secretary who could have the ballots printed as before.
Such procedure would abolish completely the nominat-
ing committee and would give every member a chance to
express his preference. In order to prevent too rapid
changes in the two vital offices, those of Secretary and
Treasurer, it might be fixed that these offices are filled
for terms of five or even ten years. I should greatly like
to see some such proposal, perhaps the above suggestion
or some modification of that, presented as an amendment,
with the necessary number of signatures as required by
our Constitution, and then submitted on a ballot for a
general vote.

Tn conclusion, I wish to express appreciation to both

tC. A. Weatherby and Dean L. 8. Hopkins for their
sreat contributions in service to the Society.

Rosert T. Cuausen, President

Report of the Secretary for 1940

The Fern Society started off promptly in 1940 for an
active year, beginning with a two-day field meeting in
Florida under the leadership of Mrs. W. D. Diddell of
Jacksonville. I feel sure that the report of this meet-
ng, Which appeared in No. 2 of the JourNAL for 1940,
must have aroused keen desires in the Society ’s members
‘0 see those unusual areas and their fern flora. No sum-
mer field meeting was held, but at the regular annual
Heeting held in conjunction with the Convocation of the
merican Association for the Advancement of Science in
Philadelphia during the Christmas holidays, a full pro-
stam was presented to an enthusiastic group of members
snd their friends. A report of this meeting will be
found elsewhere in the JOURNAL.

32 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Among the losses in membership during the year were
four members of long standing who were taken by death,
each of whom had been a member for more than twenty-
five years—Dr. David M. Mottier, Prof. Fermen L.
Pickett, Dr. Walter Mendelson, and Mr. George 5.
Humphrey. The year also brought an uncommonly
large number of new members—thirty-three—bringing
the total membership to an all-time record number of
three hundred sixty-two.

The results of the annual balloting are to be found
_ elsewhere in the Journau. Due to delay in receiving the
list of nominations, the ballots were later than they
should have been in getting to the members, and the time
allowed for returning the votes to the Judge of Elections
had to be cut correspondingly. This may have been, ™
part, the reason for the return of so small a number 4S
Seventy-eight out of the three hundred sixty ballots sent
out. We hope it does not indicate a slackening of ™
terest in the affairs of the Society, for it is only by the
continued interest and support of all the members that
the Society can continue to grow and to increase its use-
fulness in a more complete understanding of the fern
world. The Secretary would be glad to hear from any
member who has suggestions as to activities or plans ne
would like to see the Society undertake.

The Journan has now completed thirty volumes,
it may not be amiss to remind the members that if any one
lacks back numbers to complete his files, the Treasurer
will be glad to arrange to fill such needs. To neW mer:
bers attention is called to the twenty-five year Cum:
lative Index—a most helpful guide to a fund of fem

“4 * . e
information stored in the first twenty-five volumes of th
JOURNAL.

and

Exsre Gipson Wurtney, Secretary:

AMERICAN FERN Society

Report of the Treasurer for 1940

Receipts
Cash on hand Jan. 1, 1940

1938 Membership Arrears 0.000.000... $ 4.50
1939 Membership sags repeats 39.50
1940 New Members .....ccccccccccosee 36.00
1940 Membership inate eaten 391.53
1941 New Members 0. ccnemnenn 12.00
1941 Membership Renewals .............. 25.50
1942 Membership Renewals ............. 3.00
1939 Subscription oo Hee ve 6.25
1940 New Subseribers o.com 10.10
1940 > agatha Renewal Peake 81.70
1941 New Subseribers ......cccusom 10.10
1941 Suseription maine eaten 39.71
Life Member.

Sale of back ia Pade Da
Sale of Hart’s Tongue Fer
Sale - = F. J. Index, va 1 to 25,

*t0eeeeeneeseeseeeeree 1.00

Gitts ae Bees 78.57
Gifts (books) A. F, J. back numbers 13.27
uthor’s corrections, seine Index..... 17.75
1940 tg Ttising—Camboseo oc 4.00
a, ae 12.14

Peduetion a/e Life Membership ® comm
Emergency Fund, back numbers? .....
leas
epee Pre
AF. J, Posies. Index, Vols. 1
ine

to 25, inel, —
Br 4. Vol. 40 No.4 14
ALP. J. Vol OO, Ma Fo 132.49
ALF. J. Vol 90, No. Bo 112.41
fa Vol 80; No.3 114.60
Reprints =

mt ie clasp envelopes .......... 10.96

$352.30

$ 337.49

1,002.71

$1,340.20

107.58

———————

$1,232.62

34 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Agency Commission 9.04 9.04
PE PUTR SC A UENENE NR ec Sa ies sunchunivtertnaincn 1.26 1.26
Gifts ses% bays to Inventory
13.27 13.27
Ese, ‘tans A. F. S. herba-
O Brookins 2 so 16.66 16.66
is recuse 28.05 28.05
Expense Secretary 15.25 15.25
Expense Librarian 15 15 983.35
$ 249.27
Less postage stamps on hand 12/31/40 ........... 4.04
proce
$ 245.23

a Transferred to a separate account.
» Profit on sales A. F. J., transferred to a separate account.

Statement Dec. 31, 1940

Assets Liabilities
Cash on hand ......... $245.23 Capital a/€ 45,
Cash in closed bank 7.05 1941 Memb. Susp.
In Spee sen... 30.79 B/G eccessetevnrernteentertio 37.50
Tn Spee. a/e #2 ....... 51.67 a Memb. Susp. ,
In Spee. a/c #3 ....... 82.58 $ OUTB2 A/C rrnenentrennr 3.0
5 log aan She cae a 4.04 1041 Suter age 49,81
Oe on mama a165 ee
Notes Receivable 0.0.0.0. 3,200.00 Distiting ab
Inventory A. F. J. 1,451.73 : :
senbeedersqacties : Ss bser.
.F.§8. Library (books).. 250.00 Memb a as 99.00

Gi ee Sus usp. a
$5,854.74 Bissell Herb. Fund 530.79
Life Memb. Fund 51 67
Emergency on
serve Fund,
Back Numbers 25
$5,854.74
Henry K. SVENSON, Treasurer
We have examined the accounts of the treasure? of the
American Fern Society for 1940 and found them ¢
Arthur H. Graves
Hester M. Ru
Auditing Committee
March 1, 1941

ag

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY a

Report of the Judge of Elections

Mrs. Elsie C. Whitney :

Secretary, American Fern Society
Dear Mrs. Whitney :

The results of the annual election of the American
Fern Society are given herewith.

Seventy-eight ballots were returned. Due to an over-
sight in the make-up of the ballot many members failed
to vote at all on the first amendment; one negative vote
Was received. A tabulation of the votes cast for the offi-
cers and the affirmative votes cast for the amendments
follows :

For President

Dr. Robert T. Clansen.¢ 3 2 3 a. 7
For Vice-President
< POROpN EWEN ea 76
For Secretary
Mrs. Elsie G. Whitney: 220.563 77
For Treasurer
Dr. Monry K. Svewson 3035. a 76
pet Amendwwedt © 41
one Amondmont: ... ke 74
pore Amendment... 7.402 SG 75
Fourth Amendment _................- 75
Pare Aiiondment. 2 74
Sixth Amendment 75

As Judge of Elections I declare the above officers duly
elected, and the amendments adopted.
Respectfully submitted, :
W. L. Drx, Judge of Elections.

Evrroria, Report, 1915-1940.—With the last number
of the J OURNAL, my connection with it as editor ceased.
There is just one adequate excuse for my taking space
‘0 talk about this event: it would be ungracious indeed

“ie AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

if I withdrew without a word—this word—of apprecia-
tion of my good friends and associates—fellow editors,
officers of the Fern Society, my wife, who has made many
indices, the printers, and, not least, the contributors—
whose unfailing friendliness, cordial support, and pa-
tience with my short-comings have made my quarter-
century with the Journa the pleasant experience it has
been.
When I joined the staff in 1915, the Journat was be-
ginning its fifth year and well past the experimental
stage. Its capable founders had set it firmly on its feet.
There has been no major change of policy since, and no
need of any. We have tried to avoid becoming wholly
technical or wholly ‘‘popular,’’ and to supply something
of interest to all the rather varied elements which make
up the Fern Society. In so far as we have succeeded,
that is only in small part the editors’ doing—this editor's
at any rate. It is, rather, the contributors who have
made the JouRNAL.

The wonder is that in so restricted a field so much of
interest could be produced. But it has been; the stream
of copy has flowed in steadily, only now and then re
ning low. Very little of it has required drastic revision;
very, very little has had to be rejected. There 8 =
reason in the nature of things why the stream should not
go on indefinitely. There is much still to be learned
about ferns, much knowledge which ean be garnered ‘
anyone who has a corner where plants can be grow? 8
watched, or who will make and record repeated ob
tions in the wild. Amateurs in ferns ean greatly “ a
professional botanist, as the lay observers of vale ‘
Stars are helping the professional astronomers; oe 7
JOURNAL and science will profit. I like to thi ~ vie
will, and that future editors can look forward 10 ®
of matter even more bountiful and stronger and "
than that of my time.—C. A. WEATHERBY.

AMERICAN FERN SOcIeTYy 37

THe PumapeLpH1a Meretine.—The American Fern
Society held its annual meeting in Philadelphia on Janu-
ary 1, 1941, as an associated society of section G of the
American Association for the Advancement of Science.
About 30 members and friends of the Society were in
attendance. The formal program consisted of several
Papers presented by members.

Dr. Ewan spoke on ‘‘Sources of the Fern Flora of
Colorado.”? The 56 pteridophytes known from the state
have been derived from seven sources. The Holaretic
or Cireumboreal element is the most important and is
Tepresented, for example, by Cryptogramma crispa var.
acrostichoides. Other species represent Pacific Coast,
Rocky Mountain, Southwestern, Southeastern or Appa-
lachian floras. A group of ‘Stratospheric’? species are
virtually waifs, whose spores have been transported great
distances by the upper currents of the air. Aspleniwm
Adiantum-nigrum and Adiantum Capillus-veneris were
cited as examples of this group.

Dr. Wherry talked on ‘‘Recent Pennsylvania Fern
Finds” and illustrated his remarks with slides of speci-
mens, habitat views, and maps. He commented upon
ybrid Aspleniums, and variations in the Dryopteris
‘pmulosa complex, in various lycopods, and in Cys-
lopteris fragilis. During the discussion of the paper Mr.

'x told of some Spinulose Wood-fern and Botrychium
Variations he had found. Mr. Weatherby commented
on the actual identity of D. spinulosa var. fructuosa
(with the leaf-eutting of typical spinulosa but glandular
4S In var, intermedia), and said that much of the present
“onfusion in regard to this variety is due to an attempt
" enlarge the concept to include much material that does
Rot *esemble the type specimen.
: P Tesident Clausen illustrated his paper on “‘Expert-
"ees with Ferns in the Western United States’ with

38 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

scenery and habitat slides. He told of finding many of
the rare and interesting western species, especially
Botrychium pumicola at Crater Lake, the type locality.
He emphasized also the striking differences in habitat
preferences between species in the eastern and western
parts of their range and between western species and
varieties and closely related eastern ones.

Mr. Weatherby discussed an unusual specimen of
x Asplenosorus ebenoides, collected in the wild, that ha
the pinnae long-attenuate and some of them rooting at
the tip.

Mr. Tryon spoke on ‘‘Fern Collecting in Wisconsin’
and illustrated his talk with herbarium specimens. [n-
teresting forms, habitat, and ecological data were dis-
cussed.

Dr. Benedict spoke on the history of the Americal
Fern Society, the Fern Bulletin, and the America?
Fern Journal, and gave interesting reminiscences of the
early days of the Society. He also spoke of Mr. Weath-
erby’s invaluable contributions to the Society, especially
as editor of the Journax for the past 26 years.

At the close of the formal program President Clause”,
on behalf of the Society, presented Mr. Weatherby =
a scroll in recognition of his long and greatly appreciate
service. He announced also that the Herbarium of tH
Society had been moved to the Brooklyn Botanic Garden,
1000 Washington Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y. The wee
was then adjourned to another room for informal we
cussion and examination of interesting specimens brough!
by many of the members. It proved one of the ™
Successful in recent years. t-

The following papers on ferns were presented at me
ings of other societies: H. N. Andrews, Jr., ‘The _
of the Frontier Formation of Southwestern Wyomné :
R. M. Tryon, Jr., ‘A new Dryopteris Hybrid (D. is

r

AMERICAN F'ERN SOCIETY 39

rans var. remotiuscula x spinulosa var. intermedia)”’ ;
H. L. Weaver, ‘‘ Bilateral Prothallia of Cryptogramma
acrostichoides R.Br.’?; and M. A. Chrysler, ‘‘On the
Structure and Development of Ophioglossum palma-
tum,”?

R. M. Tryon, Jr., for the Secretary.

Lester Paige BRECKENRIDGE.—T wenty-five years ago,
L. P. Breckenridge, professor of mechanical engineering
at Yale University, became interested in the study of
ferns, and joined the American Fern Society. Not many
years thereafter, when he retired from active service at
Yale, this fern interest had become the source of a great
deal of activity and pleasure. Probably he was attracted
first to these plants by the relative richness of the fern
flora of Vermont, where he had a summer home. Later
he pursued this interest during trips to various parts of
the world and, indeed, picked his routes and stopping
Places, to some extent, on the possibilities of fern collect-
ing. At one time he wrote from Italy of finding Hart’s-
tongue in the limestone of the Dolomites, and forwarded
“eee specimens. In another letter he told of a forth-
‘oming trip to China, during which he was looking for-
ward to making the acquaintance of some of the Chinese
Species,

In a recent issue of Science, the death of Professor
Breckenridge, at the age of 82, was recorded. With sin-
cere regret for his passing, the Fern Society may none-

less rejoice in the privilege of the association which
Me Society and its Journan make possible. We are a
"endly community of many people from very diverse
a of life, united in our enjoyment of the study of an
Xeeedingly interesting group of plants.—R. ©. B.

ti Dr. Benedict's review of the history and varied activi-
*$ of the Society, mentioned in Mr. Tryon’s report of

40 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

the Philadelphia Meeting (p. 37), will appear in the next
number of the JourNaL under the title, ‘‘The American
Fern Society through Thirty Years.’’ It is an intere
ing summary of steady growth and of increasing useful.
ness. His suggestion of a definite program to make the —
Society and the JourNaL more widely known has resulted
in the appointment of a special committee on increase of
membership. Similar programs of expansion having
been carried out recently by other scientific and natural —
history organizations, the committee is sanguine of sue
cess and will outline its plans shortly, asking the hee
cooperation of all members. So far as our main activ
—the Journat—is concerned, the gain would be ve
great, for there is at present no dearth of ‘‘copy”’ By
only a larger income is needed to place interesting sub-
ject matter in the hands of an increasing number of
members. A vigorous campaign, with wide distribution
of new circulars outlining the work of the Society, §
planned.—W. R. M

New members:
Allen, Miss Mary N., 6 Academy St., Worcester, Mass.
Brown, Prof. V. E., Taylor University, Upland, Illinois.
erril a ee
Griesel, Mr. Wesley O., 3465 Rosemary Ave., Glendale, one
ligman, Mr. Albert M., 1596 No. 52d St., Philadelphia, Pa-
Lamb, Mr. Clifton J., Box 114, Sta. A., Meriden, Core

Sisson, Mr. Ralph P., Hopkinton, Rhode Island.
Stone, Mr. Orra L., 22 Pearl St., Clinton, Mass.

Changes of address :
Darling, Mr. Thomas, 330 No. 16th St., Allentown, Pa.
Hyde, Mrs. Clarence R., 137 Tower Road, Waterbury, Comm: :

?

Ridlon, Mrs, J ohn, 1445 East River Road, Minneapolis,

THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB
MEMBERSHIP
Including Bulletin, Memo: oirs, and Torreya, $5.00 a year
PUBLICATIONS
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ta 1870. — $6.00 a year; _— numbers 75 cen
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Manuscripts ani "for publication in the oe
should * addressed to HaRoLp W. Ricket?, Edito: ew York
al Garden, Reis Park (Fordham Branch P. 0. 0), " ee York

a Occasional, established 1889. Price, $3.00 to $5.00 a

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lively publication, full of new facts about ae oe 1 oe
pleted its sixth volume of painless botany. It “ Sia _—
dota zublcation in Ameria ee eee ae

THE BRYOLOGIST
PUBLISHED BY THE

SULLIVANT MOSS SOCIETY

The only magazine in English wholl devoted to Mosses, Hepaties,
= Lichens. Bi “monthly Bae for the beginner as well a8
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Parts of volumes at the single number rate. Single numbers, ee
Post pegs eon voliniie. ~ eceiinbie $7.00 each. Porelg
should be placed with
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1000 Washington Ave., Brooklyn, N. Y¥., oe

ia Cillecting Equipment
Herbarium Supplies :
Fern Trowels @ Field Picks =f

Papers and Sundries @ @
: Write, To-day, for Your Copy of
a. Bema theese F-91— .

Vol. 31 April-May, 1941 No. 2

American Fern Journal

A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS
Published by the

e AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY

CONTENTS
—s Fern Journal Through ides a” Years

New Stations for Florida tes
or Pteridophy es wt -
New Lycopodium Gametophytes from Bg edgy: #8

Lawson's Type Specinienn ae ze Wear Ss

Noteworthy Fern Cenuicanienat Arkansas —

coccevacdnecssncusnopsanseenenseennets ae aimee ee eva a

Recent Fern Literstares secret sane a ie a

. BENEDICT #hoy

48
53
59
Swiont M. Moors 63
ak
75
"7

Che American Hern Society

@ounril for 1941
OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR
Rosert T. Ciausen, Bailey ce, Ithaca, N. LE ees
JOSEPH Ewan, Boulder, Colorado resident
Mrs. Evsiz Giss

N WHITNEY, 342 New Scotland Ave., Albany, N hs aah
Henry K. Svenson, Brooklyn Botanie Garden, sievened N. Y.
WiLLiaM R. Maxon, Smithsonian Institution Washington, D. C.
: Editor-in-Chief

OFFICIAL ORGAN

American Fern Journal
EDITORS
WituiaM R. Maxon nin Institution, Washington, D.
ENEDICT . . 9 Dorchester wed Brooklyn, N. 4
: oe ae Prarrasir ha Institution, Washington, D. ¢.
Ira L. Wiccins .__. Dudley orient Stanford University, Calif.

_Saberption 125 per yon, foreign 10 cota extay ote
ubseription, $1.25 per ear, foreign, 10 cents extra;
to members of the AMERICAN FEEN SOCIETY (annual dues,

$1.50; life apwagrtion 7 deg $25.00). Extracted reprints, if ordered in

advance, will should be ordered
reir A yg cera authors at cost. They

cae! a 4 mumbers, $2.00; other volumes $1.25 each.

ts each. Vol. I, No. 1; vol. III, moo. 2 3 and

4; and Wal TY. oo weed oe lied except with
volumes. Ten per cent. palates 5 bers and institutions 02
orders of six volumes or more.

Matter for publication shoul d be addressed to William R. Maxon,
Smithsonian Institu m, Washington, D. C.

LIBRARIAN y.
Miss Hester M, Rusk, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooks %

CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM

2) es ea

: American Fern Journal

Vou. 31 Aprit—JUNE, 1941 No. 2

The American Fern Journal Through Thirty
ears

R. C. BENEDICT

i “yen if it had contained no contributions of value, it
_ Would still have been worth while, for it helped mem-
ai a form friendships through correspondence if not
_ by actual acquaintance. It was a place where those who
_ needed help could make known their difficulties and feel
pretty sure that someone could help them.’’ So wrote tr.
- E. Waters of the Fern Bulletin in a reminiscent article
Published in the eleventh volume of the JOURNAL. He
‘sae recalling the very beginning of the American Fern
Society in 1893 when some nineteen fern-lovers banded
together as the Linnaean Fern Chapter of the Agassiz
Association. At the start they had planned to keep in
ig with each other by correspondence, but the difficul-
hes of that procedure led to the issuance of the first num-
f t of the ‘Fern Bulletin”? as a little leaflet which sold
or five cents. This was designed to take the place of let-
ay is to serve as a medium for the exchange of experi-
ag in fern-hunting, and for the posing of questions and
a ers for all to read. It may be noted that 1t was
- Stage spirit, nearly twenty years later, that the first
me ot the AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL were issued as a&

cn : ove venture by some half dozen members, with a
..-° finding out whether the Fern Society, then grow?

[Volume 31 all
N as issue
April 4, 1941.) 0. 1 of the Journat, pages. 1-40, W

bb a

41

42 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

to about two hundred members, was ready to undertake
the issuance of a periodical of its own.

Referring again to the beginnings and earliest years of _
the Fern Society, the success of the Society and of the Fern —
Bulletin went hand in hand. It fell to the lot of one of
the original members, Willard N. Clute, to take over the —
Fern Bulletin for the Society, and to carry it on through
twenty volumes. That this Bulletin served admirably
the initial purposes of the founders of the Fern Society is _
evidenced by the steady increase in the number of mem- —
bers by over nine hundred per cent in less than twenty —
years. The value of Professor Clute’s contributions to —
the Fern Society, in its organization, through his stimu-
lating leadership, through the Fern Bulletin, and through
his valued fern books, can not be overestimated.

In addition to the Fern Bulletin, the Society continued
to forward its primary purpose of bringing members into
acquaintance and correspondence. Local field meetings
annual meetings, the distribution of sets of herbariw
specimens, and the recurrent publication of membership
lists were and have remained a feature throughout the —
years. Through the membership lists, and through news
notes in the Fern Bulletin, members were able to establish
contacts by correspondence or by visits to those nearby.
Experiences were exchanged, as well as more mate!
things like herbarium specimens, and living plants for |
fern gardens. The growing of ferns was undoubtedly 4
favorite pursuit of members from the very start, but prob-
ably at first a larger number was concerned with collect-
ing fern leaves as herbarium specimens. oe

Appropriately, therefore, a Society Fern Hee
was established at an early date, with a Curator, Alvab 7
Eaton, whose task was the maintenance of the collectio” a
and also the lending of specimens to members who _e
to make comparisons. At first the Fern Bulletin and,

THROUGH THIRTY YEARS 43

the last thirty-odd years, the American Fern Journal have
been the media through which the erowth of the Her-
barium and its use by members have been reported. It
is fitting to record here that in 1940 the second Curator
of the Herbarium, Prof. L. S. Hopkins, completed over
thirty-one years of service in this office. That, I am sure,
is the longest continuous service to the Fern Society
of any officer since the start of the original chapter in
1892

To continue and maintain the tradition of membership
activity in connection with fern study, the American Fern
Journal was launched in 1910 in the form of two pre-
liminary sixteen-page numbers, privately financed by a
small number of members. At the start of 1911, the
Executive Council adopted the new journal as its official
periodical and incorporated the two experimental issues
of 1910 with the four numbers of 1911 into Volume I of
the American Fern Journal. Of that beginning, E.
Winslow, writing about ten years later, expressed the fol-
lowing : ‘‘The event seems to have justified the venture.
During the year 1911, the growth in membership exceeded
that of any other year in the history of the Society.
Now at the start of 1941, we can record a total of over 4200
Pages published in the regular quarterly issues of the

r. Wherry’s valued 88-page Index of the first twenty-
five volumes, to make a grand total of over 4500 pages:
A table giving the yearly number of pages and illustra-
Hons is appended at the end of this article.

That the Journau has continued to serve the interests of

attested by the continued growth of the membership, aS

well as by the news and other contents of the JOURNAL.

44 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

An approximate record of the growth of the Society is
afforded by the following figures, taken in part from mem-
bership lists and from text references and official statistics.

GROWTH OF THE AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY: MEMBERSHIP FIGURES

de aS aaa ean 19 1920 ae 264
OU Ses 100 1924 300
EORO eos, 200 1988 setae 332
1 18 BR on een 250 1940 eee 365 (Dee. 31)

Figures for the number of subscribers other than mem-
bers have shown a similarly gratifying upward trend.
In 1915 such subscriptions numbered 44; at the close of
1940, the figure had risen to 113, with 31 individual
American subscribers, 18 from foreign countries, and 64
representing local institutions like libraries, colleges, ete.
The past year has been one of the best, so far as new mem-
bers are concerned. A considerable accession has been
taking place, without any organized effort on the part of
the Society. It is suggested that with thirty years of the
JOURNAL completed,-and with the fiftieth anniversary of
the Fern Society now almost upon us, a definite program
to make the Society and JournaL more widely known
might well be undertaken. During the past year or two
the Torrey Botanical Club has carried out such a program
with remarkable success—a gain of over thirty per cent mn
the number of members. If the Fern Society could
achieve anything approximating this result, the JOURNAL
could immediately increase its service and value to the
members, thus, in turn, promoting further growth. *
stead of showing a mere seventy page average increase Pe?
decade as in the past, it might well exceed that rate of
increase per year in its second thirty years.

Even with the untoward conditions of this yeaT and
period, there are not a few reasons why the Fern Society
may hope considerably to extend its membership and influ-
ence. Its program, while restricted in scope, 18 in -
with general developments in the field of natural history;

THroucH THIRTY YEARS 45

gardening, and the out-of-doors. Its present membership
is a cross-section of nature-lovers; the professional botan-
ists are far outnumbered by the nonprofessional among its
members—doctors, dentists, engineers, football coaches,
business men, ministers, chemists, zoologists, gardeners,
and a host of others. Its membership dues are modest.
The articles published in the JouRNAL have a wide range
of appeal—gardening, spore culture, conservation, fern
collecting, state and local fern lists, and a sufficient num-
ber of more technical papers—offering varied reading
matter for our membership. ;

Probably nearly all members are aware of the policy
which has been followed of maintaining complete sets of
back numbers of the JourNAL. This has required in the
past, as it will in the future, the occasional reprinting of
earlier issues whenever their stock becomes exhausted.
That this has been a constructive policy, there can be little
doubt. It was started with the deliberate purpose of mak-
ing the early volumes available to new members. These
earlier issues are not merely of historical value; they are
replete with significant, interesting, and timely observa-
tions regarding native and other ferns. More than once
Thave thought I had hatched out something new or made
anew observation, only to discover that it had long before
been announced in the pages of the American Fern Jour-
nal or the Fern Bulletin. From the standpoint also of
hew library subscriptions, the possibility of obtaining 4
complete file of the JouRNAL, at no advance over publica-
lion price, is an important selling argument.

New members are not required, however, to purchase
‘omplete files in order to have a chance to consult the
‘arlier issues of the Journau. In line with the policy by
Which herbarium specimens are lent for study, the Fern
Society established in 1930 a library loan service and thus
made available sets of the JouRNAL, the Fern Bulletin, and
“Selected number of fern books and reprints. These are

46 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

kept and cared for in the Library of the Brooklyn Botanic
Garden, with Miss Hester Rusk, of that institution, serv-
ing as Librarian for the Fern Society. Members may bor-
row any of the items of the Fern Society Library by appli-
cation to Miss Rusk and payment of packing and ship-
ment charges. Besides the library of the Fern Society,
the Brooklyn Botanic Garden will lend from its much
larger collection of fern books on almost as free and easy
a basis. A special list of books ete. available was pub-
lished in vol. 21 of the JOURNAL, pp. 34-38 (1931).
Since the present article is by way of being a survey of
the first thirty years of the American Fern Journal, a brief
mention of the succession of members of the editorial
staff may be included. For the first two experimental
issues, published in 1910, E. J. Winslow handled the
business affairs; R. C. Benedict the manuscripts and
proof-reading. During 1911 and 1912, Philip Dowell
took over the editorial work, with Messrs. Winslow
and Benedict associated. During 1913 and 1914, the
latter two were in charge. Beginning in 1915, C. A.
Weatherby served in an editorial capacity, with increas-
ing responsibility, until before long he was really chief
of staff. For the twenty-six years of his service, his care-
ful scholarly work proved of inestimable value to the
JOURNAL and to the Society. Mr. Winslow carried 02.
for twenty-five years details of business management,
involving much correspondence and drudgery. In 1934,
- R. Maxon joined the editorial staff, and with 1941,
with C. V. Morton and Ira L. Wiggins as new assistant
editors, Dr. Maxon has taken charge of the thirty-first
volume of the Journat as editor-in-chief, the writer also
continuing to serve.
No account of the JournaL would be complete without
1 Further details regarding the loan of herbarium specimens poe

books, the purchasing of back numbers, ete., are stated om
Second cover page of the J OURNAL.

THrRouGH THIRTY YEARS 47

reference to the extensive contributions which the Brook-
lyn Botanic Garden has made to the JourNAL and to the
Fern Society. Since early in 1914, the editor who is
Writing this has had a research connection with this
institution, involving greenhouse space for experimental
ferns, library facilities and desk space for reference and
JourNaL work. Since 1926, all the back files of the
JouRNAL have been housed and serviced at the Botanic
Garden. Headquarters at an institution having the
Standing of the Brooklyn Botanic Garden is obviously
beneficial in itself, while the monetary value of the shely-
ing space and of the incidental custodial work of the
Garden staff has been a considerable item. Add to these
the contributions mentioned above respecting library
care. And now, with 1941, a further connection with
the Brooklyn Garden takes effect: The Fern Society’s
Herbarium has been recently transferred to Brooklyn,
and Miss Hester Rusk, of the Garden staff, has consented
to add to her duties as Fern Society Librarian those as
Curator of the Fern Society Herbarium.

The following table is a summary of the pages and
illustrations published in the American Fern Journal
through thirty volumes.

1910-1920

1921-1930 1931-1940

Tilus-
trations

Vol-
ume

Vol- : . Tilus-
ume Pages Vol Pages Fico Pages trations

t 156 152
a 198 144
3 128
igs 17
5 127
6 136 6
E> 386 8
130 6
120s 10
8 10 198 1
Totals 1,325 95

48 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Thirty-year total 4,206 pages, 302 illustrations
Supplementary matter (estimated) .. 210 ‘*

Cumulative Index, Vols. 1-25

88 ee

Grand total, about 4,500 pages, 302 illustrations

BrooKuyN Botanic GARDEN AND
BROOKLYN COLLEGE

New Stations for Florida Pteridophytes
Mary W. DIDDELL

In 1938 there was published in the Fern JourNat “A
County Check-List of Florida Ferns and Fern Allies,”
by Donovan §. Correll. During the two years that have
since elapsed I have done quite a bit of collecting, esp
cially in the territory stretching from the St. Mary’s River
on the north to a point a little south of Ocala and cover
ing portions of Nassau, Duval, Clay, St. Johns, Marion,
and Levy counties. In my rambles I have located several
new stations for ferns and fern allies, and have found one
species entirely new to the state. The list follows.

OpHiocLossuM FLORIDANUM E. St. John (referred by
Dr. Clausen to 0. petiolatum Hooker). Nassau County:
Swamp two miles east of Yulee, on the Fernandina Road.
Duval County: Roadside ditch bank, two miles beyond
Jacksonville city limits, about one mile south of is 5s
City road. St. Johns County : Swamp near canal bridge,
south end of Palm Valley. Not previously reported
north of Alachua County.

ANEMIA ADIANTIFOLIA (L.) Sw., DRYOPTERIS AUGESCENS
(Link) C. Chr., and D. reptans (J. F. Gmel.) ©: Che-
Near Williston, Levy County, is a erater-like sink, its
sheer rock sides leading down to water of great depth
and wonderful sapphire-blue. There is not enough shade
for any of the rock Aspleniums, bet under trees aroun

ee

Hin a

New Stations FOR FLorIDA PTERIDOPHYTES 49

the top rock outcroppings harbor Anemia adiantifolia
and Dryopteris augescens. A break in the rock wall
gives access to the water’s edge, and at this point the
rock face bears a profuse growth of Anemia and an in-
teresting and unusual form of D. normalis. A short
distance back in the hammock are two shallow shafts,
each having its sides covered with D. reptans and a very
few plants of D. normalis. None of these species except
D. normalis has previously been found in Levy County.

Lycoprum gaponicum (Thunb.) Sw. Duval County:
An escape growing plentifully in a swamp within the
city limits of Jacksonville. Previously reported only
from western Florida. A few years ago I noticed this
fern growing as an escape, in great profusion, over the
grounds of the Glen St. Mary Nursery, especially through
the section devoted to Azaleas; it would be interesting to
know if it has spread outside the nursery.

PHLEBopIUM AUREUM (L.) R. Br. Clay County: In a
deep ravine near brickyard, Middleburg Road ; growme
out of soft, ferrous rock; not epiphytic.

AspLentum puMILUM Sw. Marion County: A new
station for this rare species, on rock outcroppings around
the rim of a sink not far from Ocala.

DipLazitum ESCULENTUM (Retz.) Sw. Dade County.

Palm Hammock, Royal Palm State Park. It is growing
also in the gardens of Mrs. Peterson and Mrs. Lott,
Miami, and there are some very fine plants of it in the
nursery of Carl Cowgill, Tampa. I have never seen it
anywhere else. It would be interesting to know if it
has escaped on the Gulf Coast.

BLECHNUM seRRULATUM L. C. Rich. 5t- Johns County :
Swamp, south end of Palm Valley bridge, 48 the eee"
flies, about twenty miles from J acksonville. This 18 the
farthest north I have ever seen this species. —

50 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

DRYOPTERIS DENTATA (Forsk.) C. Chr. Duval County:
Within the city limits of South Jacksonville.

DRYOPTERIS ULIGINOSA (Kunze) C. Chr. Duval
County: A large colony of magnificent plants in a deep
ditch in Evergreen Cemetery ; since completely destroyed
by WPA workers. Marion County: Twin Sinks, south
end of Orange Lake. Hillsboro County: Lime-sink m
Bloomingdale section, 17 miles from Tampa. Not pre-
viously reported from Duval, Hillsboro, or Marion
counties.

PoLysticHUM AcRosTICHOIDES (Michx.) Schott. Cal-
houn County: Appalachicola River Bluff, Torreya State
Park. This is the first record from Calhoun County.
However, this fern possibly has a much wider Florida
distribution than is now known, as last year I saw a good
specimen growing in a garden in Lake City, Columbia
County. The owner of the garden said she had got it
out of the woods; when pressed as to locality, she Was
rather vague but said it was plentiful thereabouts. I
could not then search for it, and have not had oppo!
tunity to go back. This will bear investigation.

CyrTomium Fraucatum (L. fil.) Presl. I found oné
small plant of this, growing as an escape, on a rock wall
supporting a stairway leading down the steep river-bluft
on the Trout estate, on the south side of the St. John’
River, Duval County. It has previously been reported
only from the walls of Fort Marion, St. Augustine.

Preris cretica L. [Pycnodoria cretica (L-) Small].
Marion County: A much laciniated and crested form
growing profusely in the deeper of the Twin Sinks, sout
end of Orange Lake. f

SALVINIA ROTUNDIFOLIA Willd. Plentiful in most ‘a
the slow-moving tributaries of the St. John’s River ™™
in lakes, and probably over most of the state.

New SraTIons FoR FLorIDA PTERIDOPHYTES 51

Psmorum Nupum (L.) Griseb. Nassau County: In
sand, beneath a stunted cedar (Juniperus barbadensis),
both growing out of the top of the wall of Fort Clinch,
Amelia Island. On nearby Fort George Island this
species grows profusely and vigorously in leaf-mold
around the bases of old Barbados cedars.

Among most Florida botanists Nassau County has the
reputation of being a very poor field for the collector,
but I have not found it so. Among spermatophytes 1
have collected several species that I have not found else-
where in northern Florida and one which apparently is
undescribed. Among pteridophytes are all the species
commonly found in this portion of the state, as well as
P. nudum and Selaginella apoda.

Lycopoprum appressum (Chapm.) Lloyd & Underw.
Nassau County, in various places.

Lycopopium. caroLinianum LL: Nassau County, in
various places.

SELAGINELLA Apopa (L.) Fernald. Nassau County:
South Bank of St. Mary’s River, Prospect Landing and
King’s Ferry.

SELAGINELLA ARENICOLA Underw. Clay County: In
serub-oak ridge, down center of dirt road and un sa
ericaceous shrubs in pure, dry sand. A plant under six
inches high and about the same across will have a circular
root system with a radius of three feet. Not previously
reported in northeastern Florida. This collection was
probably made in Gold Head Branch State Park, but I
had no means of knowing; it was found at the end of a
dirt trail, after an arduous drive of ten miles through
oak serub, without signs of human habitation.

__ SELAGINELLA Lupoviciana A. Br. Clay County: Be-
low Middleburg, along Black Creek, in open sun, on long
rolling ridges, in soil partly composed of loose shell-rock.

BVA AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ISOETES FLACCIDA Shuttlw. St. Johns County : Swamp,
at south end of bridge, Palm Valley. ° This is the first
record for northeastern Florida.

IsoeTEs ENGELMANNI A. Br. Duval County: About
two miles outside the city limits of Jacksonville and one
mile south of the Lake City road, just off Ramona Boule-
vard, growing on the steep bank of a small stream, about
three feet above the water line. This is the first record
of this species in Florida. A specimen was sent to the
U. 8. National Herbarium, and so identified by Mr. C. V.
Morton.

The distribution of the calcicolous ferns in the various
lime-sinks is very interesting. The Twin Sinks in the
northern part of Marion County are two shafts, like
organ pipes, sunk deep into the earth beneath a common
rim, the dividing wall at the top being only three feet
across. Above the middle of the deeper shaft is a heavy
mass of Adiantum, completely inaccessible; it may be
either A. tenerum or A. capillus-veneris. Otherwise the
walls are covered with Asplenium verecundum, with a
sprinkling of A. heterochroum. In the other sink are
A. abscissum, A. Curtissii, A. heterochroum, A. verect-
dum, a remarkably crested form of Pteris cretica, and oD
the common rim above a number of fine plants of Dryop-
feris uliginosa. A few miles from the Twin Sinks, in the
middle of a field, is a deep, well-like sink, its sides com
pletely covered with Asplenium abscissum only, at
about a hundred yards away, in the edge of the woods,
a pocket-like sink bears a profusion of A. heterochrowm,
with a scattering of A. verecundum.

Thanks are due Don McKay, Naturalist, Orange Lake,
Florida, for his interest in locating many of these bee
sinks and guiding me to them.

JACKSONVILLE, FLA.

New LycoropruM GAMETOPHYTES 53

New Lycopodium Gametophytes from
New Jersey

Houurs Koster

On June 16, 1938, the writer collected material on the
wet bank of a border ditch of Johnson’s cranberry bog
at Herman, Burlington County, New Jersey, which
proved to be gametophytes of Lycopodium alopecuroides
L. Twenty-two prothallia were collected at this station,
one alone bearing a prominently developed sporeling. A
few days later a single prothallium of the same species
with an emerging sporophyte was found at a station close
by. Shortly afterward a find of a number of prothallia
of L. alopecuroides, many with sporelings attached, was
made in a wet spot bordering a swamp at Weekstown,
Atlantic County, New Jersey.

On October 19, 1938, the original station and other
colonies of L. alopecuroides along the border of the same

0g were searched, and this and subsequent searches
yielded 60 gametophytes. On the same day it was dis-
covered that Lycopodium carolinianum L. covered a por-
tion of the floor of the same bog. Careful search was
‘Made, and prothallia of this species also were found
abundantly, both with and without sporelings attached.

A station of Lycopodium adpressum (Chapm. ) Lloyd
& Underw. in an old sand pit with damp, savannab-like
bottom at Crowleytown, Burlington County, New Jersey,
Was selected for search on October 22, 1938. Seven
gametophytes and considerable sporeling material were
collected.

These finds were made at typical stations of the mature
Plants in the pine-barren region of southern New Jersey.
They appear to form the first records for gametophytes
of these species and, further, the first notice of gameto-
Dhytes of the aerial type in America.

54 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

It is perhaps desirable at this point to refer briefly to
the quite scant history of finds of Lycopodium gameto-
phytes and, later in the article, to attempts to grow
gametophytes from spores.’

e first discovery of gametophytes was by Fank-
hauser, in 1872, for L. annotinum in Switzerland. In
1884 Treub noted an endophytic fungus in prothallia of
L. cernuum found in Java. Not until 1917, when
Spessard announced the discovery of those of five species
of Lycopodium in Michigan, were Lycopodium gameto-
phytes recorded for America. Since that time a few
more stations have been reported in the United States
from several states.

The subterranean type of gametophyte is found sev-
eral centimeters below the surface of the ground, and
commonly does not possess chlorophyll. The aerial type
occurs on the surface of the ground, and possesses
chlorophyll. The two types in general seem to be quite
distinet, and each applies to particular species. How-
ever, Barrows quotes Holloway’s record of L. volubile
New Zealand: ‘‘Prothallus growing on surface becomes
green.’’ The writer traced sporelings of L. alopect-
roides to deep in the bases of cushions of Sphagnum, and
although no prothallia were found, it seems certain that
they had been’ present and undoubtedly had lacked
chlorophyll. Hence in distinguishing an ‘‘aerial’’ type
one meets minor technical difficulties. :

During the seasons of 1938 and 1939 the writer paid
particular attention to his field stations of Lycopodmm
sametophytes, but did not attempt to study the technical
features of the bodies critically. Judgment as to loca-
tions for collection and the presence of sporelings &

1 ; . Spores,
Cuttings "ahd Bulle” cont? a” nad “thompon_Tasal

7, no. 3: 267-294. 1935. Chamberlain, Charles J. Me
Plant Histology, 5th ed., 294-295.

New LycoroptumM GAMETOPHYTES 55

abled a placement as to species. The sporophytes of
these three swamp-loving species can be distinguished
from each other at a very early stage by the character-
istic arrangement of the emerging leaves. The form of
the young prothallium is that of an irregularly shaped
tuber, usually not exceeding two or three millimeters in
diameter. Dark-colored rhizoids are observable on the
lower surface of the structure. The crown bears a vary-
‘ing number of slender, irregular branches with blunt
apices. In older prothallia the branches are reduced to
stumps touched with brown at the apex, or merely short,
rounded protuberances. ©

The young gametophytes are generally of a somewhat
more brilliant and deeper green than any of the sur-
rounding hepatics. Bristling with tiny emergences, their
appearance suggests miniature, green pin cushions. The
fact that they occur in a highly scattered fashion makes
close scrutiny of the ground necessary in order to detect
them. One can be deceived by a concentration of green
which turns out to be only a close tufting of tiny hepatics.
Species of Drosera seem to be constant associates, and
gabe valuable in localizing spots where gametophytes
might be found. <A pair of dissecting needles were us
to remove the gametophytes from the soil, and a large
lens was useful for close inspections.

The green prothallia, growing on soil and partly de-
cayed organic matter, often bore tatters of yellowed,
decayed portions in which the hyphae of the fungus
stew abundantly. Often green portions of prothallia
af the older type were found embedded in a soft, yellow
sh rust covering the surface of the ground, which ap-
Peared to be composed largely of fungoid material. In-
Vestigation showed that such were parts of much larger
Prothallial bodies, the size of which is uncertain becavst
of decomposition by the fungus. It appears that the

56 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

older, yellowed portions become pulpy and _ partially
filled with sand, while abundant mycorrhizal strands
penetrate the much decayed interior, during which time
the younger portions are still in process of growth.

In was found that gametophytes of L. carolinanum
often grew on decayed stems of the mature plants, and
a few were suspected of being attached to the epidermis
of the white, living roots of the mature plants. Sporo-
phytes developing from such gametophytes were at first
confused with true innovations of the mature plants.
The flattish, prostrate stems of this species lend them-
selves peculiarly to this type of occurrence of gameto-
phytes.

Apparently because of the early appearance of decay,
the prothallial bodies of these three species appear to
range much smaller in size than is general for gameto-
phytes of the subterranean type. They can also be said
to be of more delicate composition and of shorter life
than the latter. Certain gametophytes of the subterranean
type investigated by Bruchmann were found to require
several years both for the germination of the spores and
the life of the gametophytes. On the other hand reports
of the aerial type indicate rapid germination and short
life for the latter. In the aerial types observed by the
writer prothallial growth is rapid, and the entire &Y de
of life of the gametophytes seems to cover only a few
months. These gametophytes were found most abun-
dantly in the fall, but they have also been observed ™
summer and early spring. Oddly no gametophytes have
been found in the current season (1940), and sporelings
also have been seen but rarely. Clearly there ca” be
severe fluctuations in the abundance of eametophytes of
the aerial type in various seasons. This points bs "
likelihood that the appearance of gametophytes 38 or
erned by the conditions suitable for the growth of

cod

New LycoropIuM GAMETOPHYTES 57
associated fungus, on which the germination of the spores
has long been thought to be dependent.

Although gametophytes have been grown from spores
by both Treub and Bruchmann, the situation remains
that most investigators have been able to report the ger-
mination of spores of Lycopodium only to a few-celled
stage. Obviously the technique of growing the gameto-
phytes has not been satisfactorily mastered. In 1939 the
writer sowed spores of L. alopecuroides, L. carolinianum,
and L. adpressum on soil from eametophytic stations
in a crudely conducted experiment. To his surprise
gametophytes of L. alopecuroides and L. carolinianum
of good size developed in from one to three months.
growing of the aerial type is thus undoubtedly a simpler
problem than the culture of the subterranean type. The
experiment also followed closely, in soil and probably
other factors, conditions in the native habitat where
gametophytes were currently growing. Dr. Lewis Knud-
son, of Cornell University, agreed to undertake experl-
ments on this problem, and these are now in progress.

The paucity of records of stations for gametophytes of
Lycopodium species constitutes a challenge to field bot-
anists, particularly as the indications are that this
paucity is due to lack of systematic search rather than to
actual rarity of gametophytes. Anyone who has oppor
tunity to observe stations of Lycopodium might well give
attention to the matter. On account of the elusive nature
of the quarry, a methodical sort of search is advised.

sametophytes of the subterranean sort, one should first
Seek sporelings, and that these are more likely to be found
about the borders of colonies of mature Lycopodiums
than within the colonies. This suggestion is sound m
Seeking gametophytes of the aerial type also. It is clear
that the mature plants of the swamp club-mosses ¢om-

58 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

monly scamper from the points of origin to drier situa-
tions, where they spread out generously by vegetative
branching. Thus one usually finds sporelings and pro-
thallia where the mature stems occur in sparse fashion.
The writer hesitates to define the habitat of the aerial
type of gametophytes more closely, except to say that
where it is too wet for hepatics gametophytes apparently
do not grow.

Besides the species considered, Lycopodium inundatum
L. is also known to possess the aerial type of gameto-
phyte. That the occurrence of gametophytes of these
species seems to be sporadic, both in situation and as to
season, suggests that one should observe persistently,
rather than devote intensive search to Lycopodium sta-
tions that show all signs of being barren at the time.
When one finds Lycopodium plants scattered here and
there, rather than in close tangles of stems, one is pre
sumably in good hunting ground. The search will then
be directed toward detecting plants closer to the spore
ling stage. If small plants or sporelings are found, at
times some traces of decayed gametophytes will still be
attached to the bases of the plants. One can then feel
assured that prothallia have been present at such points,
and can undoubtedly be found there again. As ove
observes, one will learn to judge concerning the age cd
plants examined; in fact one should grow increasingly
acquainted with the habits of Lycopodium plants,
thus become really expert in analyzing the economy of
Lycopodium colonies with understanding. Certainly this
is the proper method of approach.

Finally the interest and advice of the following pers”
during the course of this investigation are noted. Thesé
are Florence L. Barrows, D. A. Johansen, James Keset,
Lewis Knudson, and Loren C. Petry.

GREEN BAnx, New Jersey.

Lawson’s TYPE SPECIMENS 59

Lawson’s Type Specimens
C. A. WEATHERBY _

When compiling the ‘‘List of Varieties and Forms of
the Ferns of eastern North America’’ I very soon real-
ized that anyone dealing critically with them must take
into account the several varieties proposed by Lawson,’
and that some of these could not be interpreted certainly
without examination of the specimens on which they
were based. It therefore became of interest to ascertain
whether such specimens existed.

The official biography of Lawson, as past president of
the Royal Society of Canada, had stated that he had an
herbarium, said ‘‘on very high authority to be the finest
and most extensive private herbarium in Canada,”’ and
that it had become the property of Mount Allison Uni-
versity, Sackville, New Brunswick. References in Law-
son’s published writings to his ‘(Indian herbarium” and
to the acquisition of a set of Kearney’s plants of Ken-
tucky, and letters at the Gray Herbarium showing that
he had purchased a set of Lindheimer’s plants of Texas
and one of Wright’s Cuban ferns seemed to bear out the
biographer’s estimate of its scope and quality. c

At the time it proved impracticable for me to visit
Mount Allison ; but last summer I was in New Brunswick
and, through the courtesy of the University authorities,
was enabled to examine the ferns in their herbarium. It
ee

1 Lawson, Geor ‘toshire, Scotland, Oct. 12,
orge. Born Newport, Fifeshire, * and,
1827. Student and insects Edinburgh University, 1848-58.

Cc 5 ei. :
anada, ser. 2,2: app. B, 1-6 (1896

60 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

soon became evident that some, at least, of Lawson’s
specimens were there. The set of Wright’s ferns turned
up promptly; so did John Bell’s Gaspé collection, often :
cited in Lawson’s ‘‘Synopsis of Canadian Ferns an
Filicoid Plants.’’ Then specimens of his own collecting
began to appear, and finally authentic material of his
novelties. Not all the specimens found are the actual
types, but in all cases they are accompanied by labels m
Lawson’s handwriting and in two instances by notes of
letters of transmittal from the original collectors, and s0
may be taken as accurately representing his concepts.
All are unmounted, but in good condition.

Material of nine out of some 17 proposed varieties was

ound. The specimens are listed below, with data ©

collection as given on the labels, synonyms where needed,
and notes as to identities. Those which appear to be
actual types are indicated by asterisks. Names which
Should be used for such of the varieties as are now ac
cepted are printed in small capitals. Lawson’s Synops's
appeared in the Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal;
that, rather than his title, is cited.

*Asplenium thelypteroides 8 serratum, Edinburgh
New Phil. Journ., n. s. 19: 115 (reprint 15). 1864
ATHYRIUM THELYPTERIOIDES forma SERRATUM ( Lawson)
Gruber in AMER. Fern Journ, 27:27. 1937. Belleville
[Ontario], J. Macoun.—The specimen, a sterile blade,
has the pinnules rather shallowly and obtusely serrate
and broadly obtuse at the apex. The form is, therefore,
not an extreme of Athyrium thelypterioides forma an
stichoides, as I had supposed, but belongs with typical
A. thelypterioides.

Canada, 233. 1889. Saw Mill Brook, North Bast Dal
housie, Pictou [Nova Scotia], July 30, 1875, A. H. Mae
kay.—I applied this name correctly (Rhodora 37:

Lawson’s TYPE SPECIMENS 61

to the plant common in Nova Scotia and New England.
Lawson’s specimen is a good one, much more representa-
tive than the rather abnormal material sent by Mackay
to Davenport.

*Equisetum arvense B granulatum, Trans. Bot. Soe.
Edinburgh 7: 561. 1863. In the bed of the River Trent
[Ontario], June 7, 1862, George Lawson.—The specimen,
which bears two fertile culms and one very young sterile
one, is as described by Lawson. The nodules are a not
uncommon phenomenon in several species of Equisetum.
They are supposed to be shortened and thickened inter-
nodes serving as storage-organs; their presence, or their
relative abundance, would seem to be an insufficient basis
on which to found a variety.

*Equisetum scirpoides B minus, op. cit. 564. Dart-
mouth River, Gaspé, about ten miles from Gaspé Basin,
June 19, 1862, John Bell.—The specimen seems to be
ordinary E. scirpoides, somewhat stunted. I did not
observe the glaucousness mentioned in the description.

*Lastrea marginalis 8 Traillae, Edinburgh New Phil.
Journ. n. s. 19: 275 (repr. 19). 1864. Nephr odvum
marginale forma tripinnatifidum Clute, Fern Bull. 19:
21. 1907;19:50. 1911. N. marginale forma Traillae
(Lawson) Clute, 1. ec. Dryopteris marginalis forma tri-
pinnatifida (Clute) Weath. AMER. FERN JOURN. 26: 61.
1936. D. marcinais forma TRAILLAE (Lawson) Gruber
in Amer. Fern Journ. 30: 89. 1940. Lakefield, North
Douro, Mrs. Traill—The specimen is exactly D. mar-
gmalis forma tripinnatifida; Lawson’s name, much
earlier than Clute’s, must be taken up.

Lastrea Thelypteris glabra, op. cit. 277 (repr. 21).
Hamilton, Oct. 1863, Judge Logie—This locality is not
SIven with the original description; the specimen may
have been collected after Lawson’s manuscript had been
Sent to Scotland. It is a sterile blade, not quite glabrous,

the costae being thinly pubescent, as are also the costules

62 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

on the upper surface. It probably represents Lawson’s
variety accurately enough; I have never seen a con-
pletely glabrous specimen of marsh fern.

Lastrea Thelypteris a pubescens, 1. c. Thelypteris
palustris var. pubescens (Lawson) Fernald, Rhodora
31:34. 1929. Dryopreris THELYPTERIS var. PUBESCENS
(Lawson) A. R. Prince ex Weath. AMER. Fern JOURN.
26: 95. 1936. Owen Sound, 1869, Mrs. Roy.—This
specimen, collected five years after the variety was de-
scribed, of course can not be the type, but is no doubt
representative. It is a fertile blade with the segments
strongly revolute, rather densely short-pubescent on the
rachis and along the veins on the upper surface and on
the costae and, presumably, the smaller veins (hidden
by the inrolled margins and the sporangia) beneath. AS
Professor Fernald has pointed out, Lawson’s name,
though not particularly appropriate, is applicable to all
the marsh ferns of northeastern North America.

*Woodsia glabella B Belli, op. cit. 281 (repr. 24).

Dartmouth River, 20 miles from mouth, Gaspé, C. EB.

[Canada Kast], July 3, 1862, John Bell.—Lawson was
evidently in much doubt as to this specimen. A slip
accompanying it reads: ‘“‘Woodsia laetevirens var. of
glabella ??, ilvensis ?, or hyperborea ??,’’ and finally, ™
pencil, “‘hyperborea according to Eaton.’’ Lawson
eventually accepted Eaton’s determination and reduced
his variety (Trans. Bot. Soe. Edinburgh 8: 108. 1866).
The specimen is a rather stout individual of W. alpind.

*Woodsia ilvensis B gracilis, 1. c. Gaspé, 1862, John
Bell.—This interpreted correctly as a probable hybrid
of W. alpina and W. ilvensis (AMER. FERN JOURN. 49°
11. 1936). See also Butters, op. cit. 31: 15. 1941.

Whether or not the above are all the Lawson tyP®
extant, we cannot now be sure. Further search in Can
dian herbaria may reveal others.

Gray Herparium.

FERN COMMUNITIES OF ARKANSAS 63

Some Noteworthy Fern Communities
of Arkansas’

Dwicut M. Moore

In nearly any region of Arkansas some ferns can be
found. There are, however, certain stations or areas
which are unusually rich in the number and variety of
ferns. Some of these have been considered worthy of
mention. Their location with reference to the rest of
the state is indicated on the accompanying map. The
nomenclature here used is that of Broun’s Index to North
American Ferns (2).

1. The region around Hot Springs National Park, Gar-
land County, is particularly rich in ferns. Dr. F. J.
Seully, 1937, (1), presented a list of 18 ferns which he

ad found in that vicinity and in 1939 (3) published in
mimeographed form a bulletin of the ferns of that region
as Number 5 of the local Natural History Journal in which
he lists 26 different species and varieties. This is a very
nice and reasonably complete list of the ferns of that
region. To it may be added five other names.

Adiantum capillus-veneris L. has been found in one of
the caves near Hot Springs by Mr. E. J. Palmer.

Athyrium asplenioides f. subtripinnatum Butters ~
been found with the typical form of the species in various
Situations in and near the region.

Dr. Scully lists Cystopteris fragilis var. protrusa
Weatherby, but does not mention the typical form of the
Species. Collections of the latter have been made im
hearby Magnet Cove, and in all probability it eould be
found at various other stations. ;

Diplazium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) Broun, *
among our records for the Hot Springs region, although
not common.

* Researeh Paper no. 652, Journal Series, Univ. of Arkansas.

64 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL i

The Silvery Spleenwort, Diplaziwm acrostichoides
(Sw.) Butters [Athyrium thelypterioides (Michx.) Desv.]
appears to have been the label on specimens distributed
by Palmer from near Hot Springs, April 23, 1924 (no.
24513). This material has been identified by Dr. Butters
as Athyrium asplenioides. We have no other record of

iam
3 | |

the Silvery Spleenwort in Arkansas, so for the present It
must be eliminated from our inventory.

Pteridium latiuseulum (Desv.) Hieron. has been eol-
lected at Magnet Cove, but, as Dr. Scully reports, the
variety pseudocaudatum is decidedly the prevalent form
on the hills around the park.

Although Dr. Scully includes Athyrium angustum
(Willd.) Presl, on the basis of identification by Dr. Small
there may be some question about its occurrence. Dr.
Butters is of the opinion that it does not extend so far
south, and one specimen from the Hot Springs Tes!”

FERN COMMUNITIES OF ARKANSAS 65

distributed by E. J. Palmer under this name, has been
identified by Dr. Butters as Athyrium asplenioides

ichx.) Desv. Until Dr. Seully’s record is disproved,
of course, the name should stand in the list for this
region.

With these additions (marked with an asterisk), Dr.
Scully’s list would be augmented to 31 and would appear
as follows; the names have not been changed to conform

to Broun’s Index (2).

- *Adiantum aL L.
Adiantum pedatum L.

Asplenium ae Sh, Oakes

- Asplenium resiliens Kun
Asplenium trichom fe
Athyrium ese ene “(willd.) Presl
Athyrium asplenioides (Michx.) Desv.

*Athyrium asplenioides f. subtripinnatum Butte
Botrychium obliquum var. Pe bets (Underw) ape
Botrychium virginianum (1)

- <a ateet alabamonsis resi Kunze

CEN oF wp

fred. fond
eS

14. *Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh.
15. Cystopteris 8 fragilis var. seateael Weatherby
-*Diplazium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) Broun
17. Dryopteris hexagonoptera ( pee C. Chr.
18. Dryopteris marginalis (L.) @

Dryopteris noveboracensis a.) ‘Grey
20. Onoclea sensibilis L
- Osmunda cinnamomea L.
22. Osmunda regalis var. yet (Willd.) Gray
- Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) L
4. Polypodium scicoate on att
25. Polystichum caterers (Michx.) Schott
- Polystichum acrostichoides var. inoteam Gray
-*Pteridium ROI (Desy.) H

Maxon.
» Pteridium latiuseulum var. pseudoceudatum (Clute)

Woodwardia areolata (L.) Moore

66 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

2. Magazine Mountain, Logan County, is one of the
most outstanding topographic features of the state. Ris-
ing about 2500 feet above the surrounding valleys, it
reaches an elevation which is considered the highest point
in Arkansas and probably the highest between the Alle-
ghenies and the Rockies. The top is generally dry, but
numerous springs produce moist habitats in both sunny
and shady situations. The rocks are mostly sandstone,
but some are more or less calcareous.

This combination of various sites affords favorable
habitats for species of widely divergent range. It is the
only Arkansas station for Woodsia scopulina and Dryop-
teris spinulosa; and Dennstaedtia punctilobula, the Hay-
scented Fern, found here, is reported from only one other
Arkansas station—near Pine Bluff, Jefferson County.

Our records show the following 27 ferns on Magazine
Mountain:

1. Adiantum pedatum L.
. Asplenium bradleyi D. C. Eaton
Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes
Asplenium resiliens Kunze
Asplenium trichomanes L.

Athyrium rg dninnens porn Desv.
Botrychium virginia L.) §
Camptosorus Auiins (L.) Link
Cheilanthes lanosa Re: D. C. Eaton
Cheilanthes tomen Link
1l. Cystopteris vudbifera.(I) Bernh.

12. Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernh.

13. Dennstaedtia punctilobula (Michx.) Moore
14, Diplazium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) Broun
15. Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray

16. Dryopteris spinulosa (O. F. Miill.) "Watt
17. Isoetes melanopoda Gay & Durieu

18. Onoclea sensibilis L.

19. Pellaea atropurpure a (L.) Link

20. Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fée
21. Polypodium polypodioides (L.) Watt

ee

fot
=

FERN COMMUNITIES OF ARKANSAS 67

22. Polypodium virginianum
23. Polystichum dorostichaides (Michx.) Schott
24. Pteridiwm latiuseulum (Desv.) Hieron,
25. Selaginella apoda (L.) Spring
6

27. Woodsia scopulina D. C. Eat

3. At Sand Gap in northern Pope County, the outcrops
of the Winslow sandstone have weathered down to pro-
duce rich sandy loam which is well drained, but in some
Spots is perpetually wet. The area is densely covered
with a mesophytic forest. Around a small persistent
Spring on the north slope of the gap, the soil above the
spring is relatively dry, but below it is quite soggy,
resulting in a typical Alnus thicket. Here within a
radius of 50 feet the writer has recorded the following 15

erns :

1. Adiantum pedat

2. Asplenium es pices (L.) Oakes

3. Asplenium resiliens Kunze

4. Athyrium asplenioides (Michx.) Desv.

5. Athyrium asplenioides f. chhatei Butters
6, Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw.

7. Cystopteris fragilis (.) Bernh.

8. Dryopteris eo (L.) A. Gray

9. Onoclea sensi L,

e
i

- Osmunda cinnamomea L.

ll. Osmunda claytoniana L.

12. Osmunda regalis var. spectabilis Mugege?: A. Grey
13. Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) F

14. Polystichum acrostichoides (Michs.) Schott

15. Selaginella apoda (L.) Spring

This js the only known Arkansas station for the Inter-
ee Fern, Osmunda claytoniana (5).

“Martin ’s’’ Bluff in the southeast corner of Benton
Creasy 1s of especial interest because of the unusual num-
ber of fern allies in addition to a good number of true

68 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ferns. This is a bluff where the White River and its
tributaries have cut into the Sylamore sandstone. On
top of the bluff are displayed broad, relatively bare areas,
some of which are dry, except during rainy seasons.
Other portions are kept moist for longer periods by in-
termittent surface streams. Here Isoetes melanopoda is
found in muddy places exposed to sunlight.

In more sheltered and more permanently moist situa-
tions are found:

1. Asplenium ae phy Oakes

2. Asplenium resiliens

3. Asplenium bi cahe ne re

4, Athyrium asplenioides epee Desv.

5. Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) B

6. Cystopteris fragilis (L.) sere

7. Diplazium pycnocarpon pean Broun
8. Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray

9. Onoclea sensibilis L.

10. Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fée
11. Polypodium reabaape! (L.) Watt

12. Polypodium virginianum

13. Polystichum pa pesteas snaps: Sehott
14. Selaginella apoda (L.) 8

In crevices on the cliff face Osmunda cinnamomed
grows, often quite small, but frequently two feet or more
in height. On drier faces of the cliff may be found As
plenium bradleyi, one of our rarer ferns. ;

It is quite interesting to note that both of our species
of Selaginella occur here, S. rupestris above on the dry
exposures (4), and 8. apoda in the moist shady coves be
neath the overhanging rocks. Near by on the bank of a
tributary may be found Equisetum laevigatum. Our
complete list for this small station follows:

1. Adiantum pedatum L.
2. Asplenium bradleyi D. C. Eaton

FERN COMMUNITIES OF ARKANSAS 69

Asplenium platyneuron - ) Oakes
Asplenium resiliens Kun

Asplenium trichoma

Athyrium iu alae Desv.
Cystopteris bulbifera (L.) Bernh,

Cys ots Neha fragilis (L.) Bernh.

. Diplazium pycnocarpon wre Broun
10. Dry usta marginalis (L.) A. G

11. Equisetum laevigatum A. Br.

12. Isoetes melanopoda Gay & Durieu

13. Onoclea sensibilis

14. Osmunda cinnamomea L,

15. Phegopteris hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fée
16. Poly — ae (L.) Watt

17. Polypod

See

oO
:

18. Pol ipaichune nee (Miehx.) Schott
19. Selaginella apoda (L.) Sprin
20. Selaginella oni (L.) Spring

5. Sav oy is a small community in western Washington
County on Clear Creek, which at that place flows gen-
erally westward. The valley presents north hillsides
which are relatively moist and rich in humus and south-
facing Slopes of limestone-chert which in summer are
very dry. These two extremes present fern floras of
"usual contrast within a very short distance of each
ther

The north slope includes:

Adiantum pedatum L,

. Asplenium platy yneuron (L.) Oakes
Botrychium virginianum (L.) Sw
Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) link
Cystopteris fragilis (L.) Bernb.

Diplazium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) Broun
Dryopteris marginalis (L.) A. Gray
Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) Link

- Polystichum acrostichoides (Michx.) Schott

ee Se ee ho

The south Slope includes:

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

=
oS

Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes
Cheilanthes alabamensis (Buckl.) Kunze
Cheilanthes lanosa (Michx.) D. C. Eaton
Cheilanthes tom aly Link

Notholaena dealbata shies Kunze

O bignavi cngsinon ie
Pellaea atropurpurea (L.) L

oo cpanel te ch) Watt

. Pteridium latiusculum (Desv.) Hiero

10. dase tiusculum var. pccidenueaiins (Clute) Maxon
11. Woodsia obtusa (Spreng.) Torr.

CUS Si So

It is interesting to note that only two of these, Pellaea
atropurpurea and Asplenium platyneuron, occur in both
situations.

While many of the Arkansas ferns are very widely
scattered, there are a few which have been reported from
only one, or possibly two stations, throughout the state.
In the following list these rare Arkansas ferns are nam
with the places where they have been reported:

1. x Asplenosorus ebenoides (Scott) Wherry. Lee’s Creek, Craw:
ord Count

Botrychium dissectum Spreng. Farmington, Washingto”

bo

jw

Count

: Botryehiom dissectum var. tenuifolium (Underw.) Farwell.
Fulton, Hempstead County.

; poneca ae punctilobula (Michx.) Presl.
Pine Bluff,

5. Dryopteris clintoniana var. australis Wherry. Shirley, V
Buren ty.

ie ily he cristata (L.) A. Gray.
Cou

Magazine Mt. and

on

Pine Bluff, Jeffers»

S

ar-
7. Dranpters eoechivudeuis (L.) A. Gray. Hot Springs, ©
lan unty. :

. ain,

8. Dryopteris pede (O. F. Mill.) Watt. Magan Mountam

County-

gan County.
9. Equisetum arvense L. Northeast Washington Co Mill Creek,

. Lycopodium tei (Chapm.) Lloyd & Underw.

a
—)

Sa e unty. Line
- Marsilea seis Hook. & Grev. Bradley-Drew County
and Arkansas Post.

noe

SHortTER NOTES 71

12. Osmunda cinnamomea f. frondosa (T. & G.) Britton. Malvern,
Hot Spring County.

13. Osmunda claytoniana L. Sand Gap, Pope County.

14. Pellaea atropurpurea f. cristata (Trel.) Clute. West Fork,

Washington County.
15. Pellaea glabella Mett. Bella Vista and White River, Benton

County.
16. Pilularia americana A. Br. Fort. Smith, Sebastian County.
7. Polystichum acrostichoides f. incisum (A. Gray) Gilbert. Hot
prings, Garland County.
. Woodsia scopulina D, C. Eaton. Magazine Mountain, Logan
County.

ae
~

jot
oo

This list is here included in the hope that it will stimu-
late further search, so that the actual distribution of these
ferns in Arkansas may be established.

University or ARKANSAS, FAYETTEVILLE, ARKANSAS

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. Seully, F. 1937. Ferns of the Hot Springs National Park.
Amer. Fern Journ. 27: 59-62.
2. Broun, i: 1938. Index to ‘North American Fer
3, Seully, F. J, 1939. Ferns of Hot Springs eo Park and
ae Hot Springs Nat. Hist. Assoc., Journ., no. 5.
i 1-37, illustr

Moor, "Dw wight M. 1940. iat 8 je ese a Spring
in Arkansas, AMER. FERN

Moore, Dwight M. 1941. Ark. pe aaaronsee hie bas
JourRN. 30: 105-119

or

Shorter Notes

AN OsMUNDA CINNAMOMEA VARIANT.— Years ag0 Miss
Billings made a fern garden near her residence in Wood-
“tock, Vermont. Many plants of the three Osmundas
Were set on a gentle slope, and grew well, even juxu-
Nantly, i in the 20 years I have known the place. Several
psig 4g0 a few of the Royal Ferns produced fruiting
ronds late in the summer, but this was the only departure

72 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

from normal that was known in the colony until the latter
part of June of last year (1940). Then it was discovered
that most of the Cinnamon Ferns had no normal fertile
fronds, but bore beautiful lacy fronds that appeared to
be partly fertile. I recalled the illustration accompany-
ing Dr. House’s note on forma frondosa of Osmunda cin-
namomea,' but these fronds did not at all resemble that.
The upper third or so of the blades was crowded with
leafy pinnae more delicate in texture, with pinnules more
or less acutely notched, than in normal sterile pinnae.
Then there would be several pairs of pinnae whose pin-
nules were deeply incised and crisped—I can find no
word to describe properly their appearance—and edged,
or rather fringed, with open sporangia. Below these, in
some fronds, were several normal sterile pinnae; in others
there were several pairs of fruiting pinnae, more delicate
and open than usual; and in a few fronds these were fol-
lowed by one or more sterile pinnae. The blades mea
sured 16 to 24 inches in length; the stipes were 19 to 26
inches long, and bore very little of the cinnamon colored
‘wool’? that usually clothes the stipes of fertile fronds.

Dr. House attributed the abnormal fronds of the plants
he noted to the presence of road tar which covered the
ground around the plants, and others have told me that
the frondosa form was attributable to some injury to the
plant. But so far as I could learn, nothing untoward
had happened in this colony; its surroundings had not
even been damaged by the hurricane of 1938.—E. “-
Kirrrepgr, Vergennes, Vermont.

Up Hicn.—About ten feet up in the fork of @ red
maple, a little back from State Street in Gorham village,
Maine, grow two species of ferns from a bed of moss

1 This JOURNAL 23: 3. 1933.

SHortTER NOTES 13

Mnium, cushions of Orthotrichwm, and Pylaisia. One
isa wood-fern, Dryopteris spinulosa var. intermedia, its
outward-curving fronds of rich green springing in a
cirele a foot high. It is a pretty, delicate, lacy fern,
growing as lush as though in its woodland habitat. At
the opposite edge of the fork-hollow grows a lady-fern,
Athyrium angustum, whose pale green turns to gold in
autumn. The children call them ‘‘tree-ferns.’’

_ Squirrels often sit beside these ferns, and birds—
downy woodpeckers, myrtle warblers, vireos—fiit about.
Can the spores have been brought from the ground, by
bird or squirrel? Or did they, floating in the air, hap-
pen to alight in this odd place ?—LucINA Haynes Lom-
BarD, Gorham, Maine.

ApprTionaAL ForMs or FERNS IN THE KuTzTowN-FLEET-
Woon Arga, Pa—T'wo forms of ferns additional to those
Previously mentioned by myselft have Bares stage
found in this area:

ASPLENIUM PLATYNEURON forma FuRcATUM Clute.
One specimen found on shale rock in the third railroad
cut northeast of Virginville, Pa., August 19, 1940.
frond forked at right angles near the top, previously
found near Kutztown, may belong here.

Pouyropiom virarnianum forma peLromeum (Gilbert)
Fernald. One station on shale rocks in first railroad cut
tortheast of Virginville, Pa., collected June 15, 1940.
On one plant, with six fronds, five fronds were form del-
‘oidewm. Another plant, with many fronds, had only
‘wo fronds of this form and a third plant had only one.
All MY specimens are less than four inches long and are

angular or ovate-triangular in outline —C. L. GRUBER,

Fleetwood, Pa.
Ware

1 .
This Journat, 30: 41-49; 89-98. 1940.

14 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

MarcGINAL SHIELD-FERN AND OTHER FERNS IN CaPTIVITY.
—lIs the ‘‘elegans variety’’ of the Marginal Shield-fern
a definite variety or only a nutritional form? This ques-
tion is prompted by a warning from Mr. C. A. Weatherby
to the effect that, since plants are growing things, leaf-
structure may not always be according to the usual. Mr.
Norman Woodward has cautioned me along similar lines,
and observation leads to the same conclusion.

Several normal plants of Dryopteris marginalis, col-
lected in the wild and transplanted to more favorable
ground, have outgrown their normal condition of narrow
stately fronds, and passed to one marked by much
broader fronds, with pinnae in which the inferior pin-
nules are much longer than the superior. Then, 00,
there is a marked tendency to become tripinnate. In
fact, last year Mr. Weatherby determined one as D-
marginalis forma tripinnatifida. This year, after further
fertilizing, fronds from that plant are broad and the
pinnules are very uneven in length, the lower much the
longer. The blades are 40 em. long by 30 cm. broad, a
wide departure from normal.

I have noted also that under favorable growing ¢O™
ditions Christmas Ferns (Polystichum acrostichoides)
tend toward forma incisum and forma crispum.
which points to the accuracy of Mr. Weatherby ’s warn:
img.

Most of my ferns were collected locally, where the
native rock when decomposed gives a strong acid reac-
tion. Some of them are growing upon such rocks, cov
ered with decomposed leaves from hickory, maple, and
oak trees. Others have some soil under the leaves-

My experience is that conditions of light are impor
tant. In general, the ferns do best where shaded on
sides, but open to the sky above and thus subjected to #
little direct sunlight. The Royal Fern, the Broad Beech-

RECENT FERN LITERATURE 75

fern, and the Cinnamon Fern, where soil is good, prosper
in full sun. Christmas Ferns grow excellently in the
open, but they make much fruit and the fronds blast in
the summer sun.

Although a considerable amount of moisture in the soil:
seems advantageous to the growth of ferns, I have found
even the Crested and Spinulose shield-ferns growing in
quite dry woodlands. My ferns under cultivation all
appear happy so long as they have some moisture and a
continuous and thick layer of leaf-mold covering the
stound.—C. W. Kinney, Worcester, Massachusetts.

Recent Fern Literature

The Karuk Indians of northern California wove bas-
kets exceeding in beauty and symmetry any ever pro-
dueed in Europe. In a recent publication’ Dr. John P.
Harrington has revealed the fact that two ferns played
‘1 Mmportant part in the weaving. These are the Maiden-
hair (Adiantum pedatum var. aleuticum) and the Chain-
we (Woodwardia fimbriata). In the case of the
Maidenhair the blade is broken from the stipe as soon as
the frond is picked. The stalks may then be kept for
‘ome time. The Indians have observed the fact, usually
*verlooked by botanists, that the stipe of the Maidenhair
- bicolorous. The ‘front’? or ventral side is black and
: tougher than the reddish dorsal side. The former 1s
ia portant part for basketry. The process of prepa-
aon is described by Dr. Harrington as follows: :

A stick of almost any kind of wood, green or dry, 38

Hunted for, but a green maple wood stick is preferred.

Harri : : : rnment
Materig] pg'02) John P. Chainfern and roan ut Kage 98 the

try. ’
- Volume
honoring pu2™,’”” Pp. 159-162. 1939 (70th Anniversary
. Edgar Lee Hewett).

76 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

The end of the stick is split with a knife, and the Maiden-
hair stems are run back and forth through this split, each
of them three or four times, to make them limber. This
compresses the stem and tends to break the tissues so that
‘the front and back can be pulled apart. Then, with the
thumb nail or, sometimes nowadays with a pin, the an-
terior and posterior surfaces are pried apart at one end
of the stem. The ‘chest’ side is then siezed with the
teeth, and the ‘back’ side with the hand and thus front
and back are pulled apart slowly all the way down the
stem. The work of stripping the stem is hard on the
hands and may cut them. The back is thrown away,
and used only if one is careless about basketry, or has
little material and is far from further source of supply.
Sometimes, by modern makers, both hands are used
instead of hand and teeth.

“The next act is to scrape the ‘guts’ off of the ‘chest’
with the thumb nail. This is easily done, because the
‘gut’ material is soft and secant. No attempt is made t
reduce all the ‘chests’ to the same width, but they are
built into the basket, some wide and some narrow, just
as they oceur.

‘When it is desired to make the material blacker, ®
bundle of the ‘chests’ is taken and buried in the black
mud of a spring, where it is allowed to remain for tw?
or three days; if it were left longer it would become
rotten. Then it is black on both sides, but if used with-
out being soaked in mud, the inside is a lightish colot-

“‘Sometimes the prepared stems, like the unprepared
ones, are kept for years before using. Then one soaks
the material and it is fine. ;

‘Sometimes, when separating ‘chest’ and ‘back, ®
strand splits. When it splits it is used just the sass
aS a narrow band. A large basket requires Wi®
Maidenhair strands, a small basket uses naTTow ers

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY TC

The finest work is done with very narrow ones. Some
of these hairlike strands can be handled very neatly.
The widest Maidenhair strands are three-sixteenths inch
in width or more.

“The finished strands are not tied in large bundles,
but in small ones, since it is known that only a few
strands will be soaked up at a time, and that too large a
quantity would become spoiled.”’

The Chain-fern and Maidenhair are used only for
overlay, that is, for external ornamentation, the weave
being complete without it. The color is permanent.

his is the most glistening material used in the construc-
tion of baskets —C. V. M.

American Fern Society

In cooperation with the Torrey Botanical Club a bo-
tanical tour of eastern New England will be available to
members of the Fern Society in the period from June 21
toJuly 4. A tentative schedule of events is listed below.
Persons may register for part or all of this program.

June 21. Assemble at Half Way House in East J affrey, N. H.
: Tenting will be available. : Box
te 22. Climb Mt. Monadnock. Possibly visit Caroline ee
Research and Demonstration Forest
i

Swamp in afternoon. Possibly trip to Botany Department,
arvard University. Accommodations in dormit

shire : . ts nderlyi
offers an interesting program, yin and foe of
the A.A.A.S,
Tune 94, Scientific papers and University of New Hampshire pro
stam, ‘‘Conservation Education.’’
A.M. Field trip; boat trip, if conditions warrant.
P.M. York County flora.

78 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

June 25. Attend scientific meetings, or
AM. Field trip to Nippo Pond.
P 0. Start for Mt. Washington via Lake Winna-
psa, Franconia Notch, Crawford Notch, to
Jackson, N. H. Group dinner at hotel to be selected
ay (Cabins and camping soa available.)
June 26. A.M. 9:00. (Nore: Parties remaining in Durham Wed-

-)
ington summit, (a) via Tuckerman Ravine, (>)
via =e Road ($3.50-$5.00).
P.M. 0. Meet at Alpine Gardens for picnic lunch,
followed by brief talks on geology, ise birds,
and mammals of Mt. Washington. Choie¢ of stay-

Alternative: Foresters’ field trip from Durham
June 27. —— ther ai pivation of trails and summits of Mt. Wash-

June 28. Drive to Greenville, Maine. Overnight at Indian Hill
Farm. Rooms, cabins, probably boating available. Squaw
Mountain Inn for those who botanize in hotel lobbies.

June 29. a.M. Free period—Mountains available. Fill gasoline

tank.

P.M. 3:00. Meet at Ripogenus Gate House (42 cae
allow 2 hours) to cross dam on permit provided. :
is essential that all cars be here at the one time, 8°

at no one will have to wait. Overnight at sport
§ camp or tent

noeing, local easier hikes, library, swimming
it) available. Some may take guide and equipment ,
out overnight or go to Chimney ane Camp. Others may 7?

a
urn to base and make other trips on J phe 1. Double Top #
other trails are available. Fishing, of cou ity of
July 2. Drive to peanrues Lincoln, and across to vieinl

Calais or Eastpor
July 3. Bogs, ssa coast.
July 4. Mt. Desert (Cadillac Mountain).

ad-
In view of the necessary reservations and permits, Dr.
vance registration is required. The field chairman,

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY 79

John A. Small, takes no responsibility for meeting anyone
who has not registered. Parts of the trips for which
there is no registration will be abandoned. Last minute
changes may be necessary. Those registering will receive
complete final schedule with rates, names of leaders, and
further information. Address Dr. John A. Small, New
Jersey College for Women, New Brunswick, New Jersey.
Leaders for the Mt. Washington part will be Dr. H. I.
Baldwin, Asst. Forester, Hillsboro, N. H., and Dr. C. F.
Jackson, Chairman of Biological Institute, Durham, N.
H., in whose care the field chairman may be addressed
June 23-25. Leaders for the Maine part will be Dr. F.
H. Steinmetz and his colleagues from the University of
Maine, Orono.—R. T. CLAUSEN.

On Sunday, September 28, a field trip to Great Bear
Swamp, Lake Owasa, Sussex County, New Jersey, will be
held jointly by the American Fern Society and the Torrey
Botanical Club, with Dr. Ralph C. Benedict as leader.
This is the locality mentioned by Dr. Benedict in the last
number of the JouRNAL, in commenting upon a News note
in the New York Times, as one likely to prove interesting
‘0 fern students. Those desiring to participate should
assemble at 10: 30 at the junction of U. 8. Route 206 and
the road to the left, going down the eastern side of the
lake. This is about two miles west of Branchville. Bring
boots, field clothes, and lunch.

New Members
= age Bateman, 7444 Georgia Ave., N. W., Washington,
= sg Cheesborough, 2215 30th St., Galveston, Texas
age Converse, 3994 Park Boulevard, San Diego, Cali-
fornia
vt oun Ww. Evans, Riverton R.F.D. 1, Riverton, New Jersey
mg R. M. Gunnison, Quaker Acres, Pawling, New Yor
| M. Isgitt, 4017 Oberlin St., Houston, Texas

80 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Mrs, Mollie Kidd, 428 Abby St., Fresno, California
Mr. Elmer J. Lorenz, 5227 El Rio Ave., Los Angeles, California —
Mr. Malcolm G. Mason, 4223 Latona Ave., Los Angeles, Cali-
fornia
Mr. Sars J. McDonald, Jr., 433 East Mahanoy Ave., Girard-
e, Pa.

os ye oy F. Norton, Box 123, Presque Isle, Maine

Mr. Amos Perry, Enfield, iiaiilenc, Englan

Dr. Rodolfo Pichi-Sermolli, R. Erberio Coloniale, Via Lamar-
mora No. 4, Firenze, Italy

Miss ‘Ada Brandon Viele, Park View School, Mooreavilie No.
Car

Changes of Address
Mr. W. H. Catheart, 10825 East Boulevard, Usivene Center,
Cleveland, Ohi
Miss Sti Oeonsias, 1528 Highland Drive, Charleston, W. Va. =
Mr. - F. Jehlen, 599 Van Cortlandt Park Ave., Yonkers, New
Yor k

ee P. St. John, Bluff Point, Yates Co., New York
s. G. W. Stratton, Inwood, Buck Hill Falls, Pa.
ai E. Hazel Sullivan, 81 Strathmore Road, Brookline, Mass

Mr. W. Herbert Dole, 23 Overlook Ave., West Orange,
N. J., has consented to serve as chairman of the special
committee on increase of membership, mentioned in the
last JouRNAL, and members are urged to get in touch with
him. Descriptive circulars may be had from him upo?
request, or from Dr. R. C. Benedict, whose article, ‘
American Fern Journal through Thirty Years,’’ ap
in this number of the Journal. Reprints of this pape
as well as sample copies of this number, may be ob
from Dr. Benedict. Here is information a-plenty
bring to the attention of persons likely to be int
in the varied activities of the Fern Society. Let %
cooperate to double our membership !—W. R. M.

THE TORREY BOTANICAL CLUB

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Including Bulletin, Memoirs, and Torreya, $5.00 a year
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Manuse es
should be addressed to Haroip W. RICKETT. sare: Batten he New York
Botanical Garden, Bronx Park (Fordham Branch P, 0.), New York

Memoirs, Oceasional, established 1889. Price, $3.00 to $5.00 a

volume,

Preliminary Catalogue of Anthophyta and Sires ig within
100 miles of New York E City, 1888. Price $1.00
Ptions and oth

busi
Gandet, {2 the to the ‘Treasurer, Harold N. Moldenke New York Botanical
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nee GARDENS OF THE WORLD
ATERIALS FOR Py HISTORY a
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Statisties meseening the histo egakinaiion and work of
than 550 botani ¢ gardens in 80 €0 ountries, from 340 B.C. to
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ECOLOGY
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tate. Back volumes, as available, $6 each. Single 1
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Orders should be wigess. ed
The Secretary, Brooklyn Botanic Garden
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CamboscO Collecting Equi : en
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July-September, 1941

riran Kern Journal

A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS
Published by the

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY

and Local Fern a

Che American Hern Society

Counril for 1941
OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR
Robert T. CLausen, Bailey Hortorium, Ithaca, N. a Za President
ph citi Ewan, Boulder, Colorado oie.
Gigs

IBSON WHITNEY, 342 New Scotland Ave., ‘Albany, rain
Henry K. Svenson, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, N. Y.
asurer
WituiaM R. Maxon, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.
Editor-in-Chief

OFFICIAL ORGAN

American Fern Journal
EDITORS
Signy ntl hngtg mee eee Institution, Washington, D, 0.
R. C. BENEDICT ........ 1819 Dorehester Road, Brooklyn, N. ¥.
C. V. Morton nian Institution, Washington, Dp.

Ira L, Wiacins ... Dudley Herbarium, Stanford University, Calif.

An illustrated quarterly devoted to the general study of ferms
peng $1.25 per year, foreign, 10 cents extra; sent free
to members of the “pits N SOCIETY ta _

volumes $1 each. Single

pimbeen at cee Vol. I, No. 1; volt I, aos 2 8

volumes. Ten far se eee ee ae ae

Matter for publication should be addressed to William B. Max
Smithsonian nian Institution, Washington, D. C.

LIBRARIAN
Miss Hester M. Rusk, Brooklyn Bots Botanic Garden, Brooklyn, N.Y

RATOR OF THE H

“American Fern Journal

Von. 31 JULY-SEPTEMBER No. 3

State and Local Fern Floras of the United States
: S. F. Buake

_ In“‘Floras of the World, part I,’’ now in process of
publication by the United States Department of Agricul-
ture, Miss Alice C. Atwood and I have brought together
i annotated, geographically arranged catalogue of all
the nominally complete floras and floristic works of pres-
‘it-day utility dealing with the vascular plants (or the
Dhanerogams only) of Africa, Australasia, the oceanic
‘Wlands, and North and South America. We have in-
cluded also all works of similar scope on edible, medicinal,
8 useful plants in general, woody plants, vernacular
ames, and botanical bibliography. Popular works,
Partial works, and works now only of historical value
, have been excluded.
The great majority of the 517 state and local floras and
‘Ystematie lists cited for the United States in ‘‘Floras
Of the World’? include the ferns as well as the flowering
‘Plants, Books and articles dealing with Pteridophyta
Alone are not given in that work, except for a few which
a definitely complementary to publications on the
fowering plants.
The list here published is intended to include all state
ee fern floras of the United States that have not
Superseded, with all published supplements, and

[Volume 3
a
Yy 27, 19. ft i

No. 2 of the JournaAL, pages 41-80, was issued

81

82 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

for the sake of completeness it takes in also the complete
state floras (vascular plants) of all those that do not have
a more recent state fern list. Secondary references have
also been given to publications on the vascular plants of
a given county or town whenever such treatments are
more recent than the fern list cited. Papers containing
additions to state fern floras that have come to my notice
have been included, even if not published as direct sup-
plements to printed floras, but no systematic search has
been made for them. An asterisk is used to indicate
state lists as distinguished from local lists. Taken to-
gether, this catalogue and that in ‘‘Floras of the World”
should give an essentially complete list of the available
pteridophyte floras of the United States.

To increase the utility of the present list, a reference
has been given after the name of each state to the prin-
cipal regional floras containing a descriptive treatment
of the ferns of that state. The titles of these floras are
abbreviated as follows: A (L. R. Abrams, An illustrated
flora of the Pacific states . . . v. 1. 1923; Pteridophyta by
William R. Maxon, except Isoetaceae, by N. E. Pfeiffer) ;
BB (N. L. Britton and A. Brown, An illustrated flora of
the United States, Canada and the British possessions - --
2d ed. 3 v. 1913; Pteridophyta mostly revised by William
R. Maxon) ; F (T. C. Frye, Ferns of the northwest’ - - -
1934) ; G (Gray’s new manual of botany, 7th ed. . - - ™
arranged and extensively revised by B. L. Robinson af
M. L. Fernald. 1908) ; N (J. M. Coulter, New manual 0
botany of the central Rocky Mountains (vascular plants)

. revised by Aven Nelson. 1909); R (P. A. yates
Flora of the Rocky Mountains and adjacent plas «>
2d ed. 1922; Pteridophyta mostly by Margaret a
son); Rp (P. A. Rydberg, Flora of the prairies ot
plains of central North America. 1932) ; 8 (J- K. Sm

1 See review by E. T. Wherry, A. F. J. 25: 65-68. 1935.

FrerN Fioras oF UNITED States 83

Flora of the southeastern United States ... 2d ed. 1913;
Pteridophyta revised by William R. Maxon); Sf (J. K.
Small, Ferns of the southeastern United States. 1938).
All the species of Pteridophyta known from the United
States up to 1900 are described in the 6th and last edition
of L. M. Underwood, ‘‘Our Native Ferns,’’ the latest
technical treatment covering the whole area. All the
true ferns known in the United States 60 years ago are
illustrated in color in the two volumes of D. C. Eaton,
“The Ferns of North America’? (1877-80). The earlier
‘checklists of the ferns of North America (north of Mex-
ico) by John Robinson (1873), D. C. Eaton (1880), Dav-
enport (1883), Gilbert (1901), Maxon (1901), and Clute
(1905-08) have been superseded by Maurice Broun’s
“Index to North American Ferns’? (1938), an alpha-
betical catalogue including all the species and minor
forms of Pteridophyta, with synonymy and range but
without descriptions. This lack is supplied in part mn a
paper by C. A. Weatherby, ‘‘A List of Varieties and
Forms of the Ferns of Eastern North America,” AMER.

here are two comparatively recent, pocket-size popular
manuals: G, H. Tilton, ‘The Fern Lover’s Companion
(1922), and E. T. Wherry, ‘Guide to Eastern Ferns
(1987). The former, which contains a prief bibliogra-
Phy, covers the northeastern states and adjacent Canada,

84 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

the latter the region from Pennsylvania and New Jersey
to Virginia. The species of Lycopodium, Selaginella,
Isoetes, and Equisetum are described in Wherry’s book,
but not in Tilton’s.

The word ‘‘ferns’’ is often used in titles to inelude the
fern allies as well as the proper ferns. In the annota-
tions in this list the term Filicineae is used to cover
Ophioglossaceae, Osmundaceae, Gleicheniaceae, Hymeno-
phyllaceae, Schizaeaceae, Polypodiaceae, Marsileaceae,
and Salviniaceae ; the term Pteridophyta to include these
and also Equisetaceae, Lycopodiaceae, Selaginellaceae,
Isoetaceae, and Psilotaceae. The abbreviations A.
and F’. B. are used for American Fern Journal and Fern
Bulletin, respectively ; the other titles used for period-
icals are given at sufficient length to be readily intelli-
gible.

Acknowledgement should be made of the assistance ob-
tained from the botanical subject catalogue in the library
of the United States Department of Agriculture, the
work of Miss Marjorie F. Warner, Miss Alice C. Atwood,
and their assistants. The relative completeness of this
catalogue, at least for the last 40-odd years, is eviden
by the fact that it included all but six of the really sig
nificant papers among the total of 314 primary and sUup-
plementary titles contained in the present list. The
indices to the Fern Bulletin and the AMERICAN FERN
JOURNAL have been examined, and the two journals them-
selves gone through completely. The local bibliographies
given in many of the lists consulted have also been &®
amined for additional titles.

ALABAMA (8, Sf) a
eee Pgh nin W. The fern flora of Alabama. ree
Sti 1920.—Topography, ete.; annotated list of PX")
é Bg See also his Dicksonia hae e eaha at stobite, a
= 1934,

Fern Fioras or Unttep States 85

ARIzoNA (N [northeastern part])

No general an or state fern flora published. In press: Kear-
ney Thomas H., and Robert H. Peebles. Bete plants <i
ms of Arizona. —Tiaestrom, Ivar, and Ter tell. A flor
- — ma and New Mexico. Both will ineindle Sa Pieidophyia.

, James i. The ferns bs — bt ax Lh, izona. F, B,
1 1909.—Run nning account of of the pigs) unan-
aca list of Filicineae sotioktod tee i
Little, Elbert L., Jr. Pteridophy ‘ea Me "Siete Ancha, Arizona.
A. F. J, 28: 144-151. 1938.—Life zones, ete; annotated list. (Gila
County.)

ARKANSAS (S)

*Moore, Dwight M ——- Babson yta. A. F. J. 30: 105-
119, ee 1940 —Notes on rarer —_ pein list; bibliography.
Arkansas. ALF.

y fer of

S1: 63-7 63-71. map. 1941, Coteus siditions sn Seully ’s 1939 list from
Hot Springs National P Park, with complete list from that locality ;
wmannotated lists of Filicineae from Ma agazin Aig cines Logan
Swag Sand Gap, Pope County; Martin’s Blu if, Benton County;
coi Washington County; list of rarer Arkansas ferns with loeal-
fae bibliogr raphy.

Scully, Francis J. Ferns of Hot t Springs — Park and
Meinity, A, ee “ ad 59-62. 1937 icone: ete.; annotated list of

‘ ot S at.
pp. fiat “hins.), 1939. oom deserip-

soc. )
eam of “Paso with figure of each species; processed

CALIFORNIA (A, F [central and northern part])

Cooke, William B. So erns of Mount Sh —_ A. F. J. 29:
pat. 1939.—Botanical eecieraHiak. eg ; nnotated “ of

idl.
]
Nat, 23: 497-572, pl. 1-8 (inel. map). Tai nen "Pterido- f
phyta, p. 511-512.) e
C » Meryl Seiet he the Channel Islands. Bull. :
at Acad. Sei, 39: 2-5. (Contributions from a ree

Co
oe 1 1 Survey 8.)—An
agg Hat of sun, —Cha ene Biologica

ae.
hboring
. Ferns of the Yosemite and the net ig
" on Erythea 6: 14-15. 1898.—Unannotated lists of poe
omaal je Shia als Harvey M., a
tows nt Yosemite : a deseriptive account of the fers ‘and
vii age Plants, ineluding trees, of th osemite oer
1552 Pp., 170 fig., 11 pl. 1912. (Polypodiaceae, p- 2
fom ~ hag L. A manual of the flowering plants

of Cali-
1023 fig. 1923-25,—Includes keyed descriptive
: fig. oi.
lip A., and Ivan M. Johnston. ~ pcs =
1999.72 California pteridophytes. A. F. z. 69-77 Dae
7 43: 1-7. 1923.—Regions, ete.; isos keye

86 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Pteridophyta. Covers area east and south of Santa Barbara
County, the desert part of Kern County, and the Channel Islands.
—Se - epee Recent fern notes from southern =
fornia. I. ¢. 21: 1931. More fern notes 2 om Califor
1, ¢. 24: 1-9. 1084. " includes bibliography.) Annotations on ee"
American ferns—I. 1. c. 25: 86-95 a (Includes bibbogeanly,
and is ne restricted to southern California. )—Also Tracy, H. H.
Brief notes on southern California e teriaanirten 1. ¢. 26: 37.01
ae

hero, Samuel = The — tag of California. . 12:
A te 904.—Addition AD Pn : 82-83. 1904.—General teste
of flora; Egat ed list of Ptavidophyte, —See also bye ler,

Not nm California pteridophytes. A. F. J. 120-132.
1937 [1938].
ary E. The ferns of irae age Zoe 2: 129-133.
1891. Annotated list of ee (Marin County.

Pember, Franklin T. e Colorado Desert for ferns. A. F. J.
2: 12-15. 1912 pesca aeeou t of Pter idophyta

Fern collet d in the Noyo hie canyon,

Mendocino County, Calif., 10-14. fe 15 4-65. 1914.

—Unannotated ist of _Preridophyta; includes aieo" similar list

from the region n of Mount Shasta.

Roughing it t o the Yosemite, A. F, J. 2: 107-114.

1912 —Running account of Filicin le

‘ggins, Ira L. Ph sierdoplvtes of San Diego County, Ca
forni J. 22: 33-42, 87-93. 1932.—Life zones, sates i
notated list. — See also Cota, F. M. Further notes on ie ®

Oe Wf fo 5

CoLoraDo (N, es

*Wherry, Edgar T. Colorado fern F. J. 28: 125-14 wy
12, pe 1938.—Annotated list of Peeters * dpiatctl y
arra ged,

ConNECTICUT (BB, G)

See also *Knowlton, C. H., under New Hampshire; *Taylot,
N., ae New Jersey; *Sma. all, J. K., under New ope ss B. 14:
issell, Charles H. The fern flora of Connecticut. :
Lit 1906.—Topography, roe; annotated list of Peerdophyty
Foote, Mrs. E. M.] Ferns of Cornwall, Connecticut. ror
ab 124-127, 1926.—Unannotated list of Filieineae. (Lite
ou
*Giave ves, Charles B., and others. Catalogue of the flow' sf
plants = ferns of ellaor eh seen without cultivation.
Conn. Geol. & Nat. Hist. Surv. 14. 569 pp. 1910.—Harget, ¢ Con
B., and others, Firet t supplement. ae ee to the flora 0° ©
gph 1, e. Bull. 94 pp. 1931]- a ec (P-
supplement, ney ae list A Pteridoph.
Und erw rwood, Lockers 2 The Pteridophyta of Regn det
: Bull Torrey Club 11: 7-8. ih, —List, mostly unan? i, Cond.
Upham, Alan W. A list of ferns found in Woodstoe ‘win ind-
A, F. J, 12: 96-97. 1922 Dansetatad list of Filicineae.
ham County.)

FERN FLoRAS OF UNITED STATES 87

DELAWARE (BB, G)
No general flora or state or local fern lists.

DisTRIcT or CoLuMBIA (BB, G)

*Maxon, William R. Ferns of the District of Columbia. A. F.
J. 9: 38-48. 1919.—Botaniecal districts, etc.; annotated list of
Pteridophyta.

Fioripa (8, Sf)

*Co te a S. A county cheek-list of _— ferns o
fern J. 28: 11-16, 46-54, 91-100. 1938.—
notated list of Picridophyt, with counties and pe alr ie ;
bibliography.—See also Diddell, og - New stations for
Florida teridophytes. - - 31: 48-52.

Allen H. ern flora of Florida. F, B, 12: 33-38.
oe edewene list of "Preridophy re Bn es Clute, Ww. N.]
New ogre for Florida f sate 20:

—_
ic=)

n, ‘
Into southern Florida. Bull, Torrey Club 33: nas :
Author’s _itinerar ny, topog raphy, sage annotated os species

oun
r, Roland M. The fern orettied of Citrus Coun uty, Fori ro
ALF. J. 6 ews] pl. 5. 1916.—Botanical explorations; annotate

ru
d P., and Robert P. St. et Fern study in
central Florida. A. F. J. 25: 33-44. 1 fig., pl. 3. 1935. arn Pa
annotated list of Filicineae from ss Ai and Hernan
te a 8.—See also St. John, e P, e ferns of central Florida.
€, 41-50. nl. 4 (ma 193
J wel, Ma ca me erns oe Duval ea Florida. A. F-
oe : 39-42. 1916 ice eatin list of Filicin ee
ohn erns of Florida; being “descriptions 0 fhe
hotes on the fern- lant eel naturally in Florida. viii,
he illus. 1931.—Topo graphy, phytogeogr raphy, ete.;
ose ag of Pteridophyta, with figure of ah i
—_., s of Royal Palm Hammock; deseriptions aghoona!
range af the: terns and Ses allies growing press y poe =
rises Hammock and the adjacent Everglades. 39 pp., illus., Lr
~ “are account extracted from his <<Perns of tropic

Keys and Florida Key ix, 80 ae illu s., 5 ‘aide 1918.—
pana Se annotated hr i account, with figure of each

Georeta (S, Sf) :
17, 1005 se and M. The fern flora of Geo ms rnc a
of Pt i as “ead rocks, 2, ee explora re Agee 88.

e saat Also Gilb bert,
jami orrecting Pteris cee to P. serrulata.—
.D. Mrs, Taylor’ Ss Georgia fe fe Tns. ive as SS 108-109. 1905.

88 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Pyron, Joseph H., and Wilbur H. Duncan. Vittaria lineata
from Ettontn Cou unty, Georgia. A. F. J. 29: 142-144. pl. 11. 1939
[1940] ——Ineludes list of Filicineae from Graves Mountain, Lincoln

ge , Mrs. Augustus P. oe B.). How and where ferns
grow in southwest Georgia. . 13: 53-60. 1905.—Includes run-
ning account of Filicineae o vicinity of Thomasville, Thomas
unty,

Ipano (F, N [southern part], R)

No general flora or state fern list.
Worley, Clair L., and ee s K. Mann. Notes on Idaho ferns.
. 27: 112-120. pl. & 1937 _—Annotated list of greys:
collected by the authors in 5 Guat Mountains, central Idah

ILLINoIs (BB, G)

*Hill, Ellsworth J. The fern flora of Illinois - te 20: 33-
43, 73. 1912.—Soils, ete. ; annotated list of Preclaeehy
) ll, Mary M. Som

partly annotated list ms Pilicineae moe 115-116). (In Jackson,
Union, and Johnson Countie 8.)

INDIANA (BB, G)

Cain, St erie A. —- of Spring Mill State Park, Lawrence
County, Indiana. I—Fer Pro ve Tadlens Acad, Sci. 41 (1931) :
97-98. 1932, sero a list of Ptotidapayte

*Deam, Charles C. Flora of Indiana. 1236 pp., illus. 1940 a"
Annotated list ee. Pteridophyta & 37-66), the range 0

— species shown on Shay biblio

ene, Frank e fern oa 8 indiana. F. B, 19: afi
105. map. 1911 [1 919], “Topography, geolouy, a ; anna
list of pe eonoe des .—See also Hill, E. J. hye : ¢. 20:
25-2 ~ 1912.—Also [Clute. 7 N.] Fern flor ag i diana “Le

81-82. 1912—Also Deam, C. C. Cheilanthes lanosa and nd Isoetes
in Tadioan A. F. J. 7: 112-114, aan 908
- Ferns of Bloomington, Indiana. F. B. s 68-69. 1909.
—Running hag of Filicineae. “oe hag a:
on Indiana ferns. F. 13-15. 1903
cludes Ga lists Fry Filieineae oe “oseiusko,. easte: a
Greene, Martin and Orange, Floyd, and Crawford Counties, oe
from Indiana _Cniversty Farm , Lawrence County, with notes ©
topography, e
Kriebe

est, Fre H. State P :
Proe. Indiana _ Sei. 39 (1929): 115-118. 1930. a tnnotate
list. (Parke Cou
ed “Sr. Ferns of the dune aes of Indian oe
Amer, Midi. Nat. 17; 425-499, 1936 —Habitats, ete.; annotated
f Filicineae. (Southern tip of Lake Michigan from Michigat
City to Gary.)

FrerN FiLoras OF UNITED STATES 89

Iowa (BB, G, Rp)

a org oe te oe of the ferns and ae ayn
of Grinnell a Towa Acad, Sei. 29 (1922): 317-
327, (19 281)— Annotated in ‘with keys and brief descriptions.
(Poweshiek County.)
tzpatrick, Phonixs J. The fern flora of northeastern Iowa.
J. 8: 97-103. 1918 [1919]. “(Contr, Dept. Bot. Univ, Nebr.

22.) (Al roe. Iowa Acad, Sci. 25 (1918): 117-421.
1919, Be ceraphy, ; geology, ete.; annotated list of Ae escheat
(Winneshick, Allamakee, Clay ‘ton, and pea =
and Ma: . L. Pitzpatrick.
PLB: | 11: 65-71. 1903 —Roeks, ete. ; pais list of ‘Pieritophy
a also Spree A.S. Notes on the fern flora of Iow

‘Shyn iS Artin: S. Keys to the ferns of Iowa. A. F. J. 27:
139-135, “1037; 28: 16-25. 1938.—Essentially ees keys to
genera and species of Botner Fah

Melhus, age Sn 4 ve ferns of Iowa. Iowa State Coll.
Ext, Cire. 225. 52 pp., 16 fig., map. 1936—Annotated list with
key to genera and pat descriptions the range of each species
shown on a map.—See review in A. F. J. 27: 135-136. 1937 Sistaie

0

mearp pees sull Tat. Nat. Hist
on Uni wa 5: 45-1, 213-215, 1901. — Annotated list, with
calities aa haha
Kansas (BB, G [eastern part], Rp)
and B Frank Annot peg list of the plants of Kansas: ferns
flowering plants. Seat se Flora of Kansas. gt

illus, (maps). “1940. (De t. Kansas State Coll. Contr.
—Annotated | Ce indlading PPteridophyta (p. 104-105), the range
A eh Species shown on a small ma K
Ferns of Wyandotte e County. Trans. ansas

Acad. Sei. 14: 150-151. 1896.—Running account of Filicineae of
Vicinit, ty of Argen

Kentucky (BB, G)

Anderso: ; Ferns of the
son, William A., Jr., and Ann R. Anderson. Fern
“aaa of Irvine, ‘Kentucky. F. J. 17: 130-133. 188. 198%: —

-1 —59. 1929 eel ete. ;

Mian. (Esti County.) Js

J. 27: 9 rns of Hardin County, Kent Seas A Ph
of Filicin 1-07. 1987 tipagreens ete.; annotated alpha

A.

as N. The ferns and fern allies of Kentucky. :

8, 101-110. 1938. seb pep ne wae, ie

The Picetaophots of Rowan air eur Journ.

90 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

outh. Appalach. Bot. Club 1: 37-39. 1936.—Topography, ete.;
ayeioertals list of anlage Seba
*Williamson, John. Ferns of Kentucky, with sixty full-page
etchings and six wood cuts, elaty wn by the author, er 2 nah“
ture, fertilization, classification, genera, and specie pP-;
g., "60 pl. 1878, ha eceriotive account of "Filienone ‘with plate a

illiam B. Ferns of the Mammoth Cave re
Park regio n. A, ed. 23: 113-116. 1933 [1934]—Soils,
Soieicd list of Filicinens, (Edmonson County.)—See Pras:
(of Woodsia scopulina), 1. ¢. 25: 17. 1935.

Louisiana (8S, wey
*Brown, Clair A. Some wild flowers of Louisiana. V, F
and fern allies. Louisiana Caiuarenbins Review 5 (a): ” 12-28,
19 fig. 1936—Annotated list, with key oan" ges Se ae

popular treatment.—See also Wherry, E. T. F, J. 28:
(Adds 3 mae es.)

*Clute, Willard N., and Bre i d S. Cocks. The fern flora of
Loui sia: ana. F.B. 11: 1. 1903.—Botanical A ea pee soil, ete. ;
annotated list of Pteridophyta.- caene also Cocks, R. 8. Notes from
Louisiana. 1. ¢. 12: 110-111

Maine (BB, G

See also *Knowlton, C. H., under New Hampsh
Abbott, Mrs. Frederick P, Ferns along the Bees fe m Salmon
Falls to the sea. Maine Nat. 3: 23-25. pl. 1923.— yr se account
of oe with ape ea list pe species. (York County.)
sephine of the Red River here aine.
Rhodora Me "133 iy 1930. oti lades annotated list of Filicineae.
eae oe County.)

Q
| ll
F
ee
8

wise H. Ferns of Skowhegan o vicinity. Maine
Nat. 3: 114. pL pl. 1923 ——Running account of Filicineae, with un-
annotated list of ce oS pear

nport, e E. f Marana Maine. Rhodora
1: 218-220, 1899 Raeaee alphabetical list Of Filicineae, (Ken-
nebee County.)—See also Metcalf, Haven. Notes on the ferns
: 237. 1901,

*Fellows, Dana W. The ern flora of Main FP, B. 14: OF
104, 1906 con, peeTaphy, ee ; igo list hy Sane
Knowlton, Clarence H. Fern and their allies in southern
Franklin County, Malen Ae 3, 34 57-64. 1 fig. 1914.—B .
account of la tae
rns and t allies in Washington County, Maine.
A. F. J. 19: 82-87 "1020. —Annotated list of deem t
ure! Ferns of South Paris and vicinity. Maine Na )
3: onge 1923, Una otated list of Bit thess (Oxford agen §
Ferns of Fairfield. Maine Nat. 3: 52-9*
1993, Annotated list of Filiein eae. (Somerset County.) eA
er, Olaf O. Notes on Aroostook County ferns. Mam
Nat. er 40-42. 1994 ie oe see of. Filic ineae
Fred H.

42-
an, anda. Maine Nat. 4:
44, 1924 oe sr see es hate of Piicinesa from Winthrop,
Kennebee unty,

(To be concluded).

DISTRIBUTION OF FLORIDA FERNS 91

Factors Determining the Distribution of
lorida Ferns’

STEPHEN H. Spurr

Florida ferns present many peculiarities of distribu-
tim. These have been discussed by Small? and E. P.
St. John? and a hypothesis explaining the distribution
of some of the species has been presented by the latter.
In view of recent floral‘ and geologic investigations it
seems advisable to reopen the subject and to inquire
further into the factors determining the distribution of
Florida ferns.

Difference of opinion centers upon the distribution of
the tropical and subtropical species in Florida and it is
to these groups, therefore, that the discussion will largely
be confined. According to the St. John hypothesis the
tropical and subtropical ferns in Florida compose a relict
of an earlier and far richer ‘‘Oligocene island’? flora that
once existed in what is now roughly the northwest quar-
ter of the Florida peninsula. Much of this flora was,
Supposedly, exterminated during the Pleistocene epoch ;
4 few species, however, migrated to the then recently
‘merged southern tip of Florida and a few were able to
Survive in habitats protected from the uncongenial ¢li-
mate. These species have persisted to the present time,
“onstituting a relict flora declining under unfavorable
climatic conditions.
WSs eee

TA . of the Gray
Breas SE Gethin el
ie j K. Small: Ferns of Florida (Lancaster, Pa., Science Press.

Some Pecu-

« Stephe Paribution. AMER. FERN JOURN.
Pers of ut: Spurr: Notes on the Distribution an
1949 of Northern Peninsular Florida. Proc. Fla. Aead.

92 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

From the geological viewpoint the date of final emer-
gence of the first portion of the Florida peninsula be-
comes, of course, of importance as the earliest possible
time to which the migration of present species into
Florida can be assigned. Unfortunately, geological evi-
dence is not clear on this point. According to St. John,’
this final emergence took place in the Oligocene epoch.°
Schuchert, however, in his monograph on the historical
geology of the Caribbean region,’ states that permanent
land has probably existed only from the middle Miocene.
Then again, Cooke and Mossom, in the most exhaustive
summary of Florida geology yet published,® state that
during one or more stages of the Pleistocene the entire
state may have been covered by water, ‘‘although indis-
putable evidence of such widespread submergence is not
yet at hand.’’ A study of sea level fluctuations by
Cooke® shows that at the maximum flood stages of the
Pleistocene, if any land was not submerged, it consisted
of about a half-dozen small islands, the largest not more
than 10 by 40 miles in size. Of these possibly existent
islands only one was located in the ‘‘Oligocene island’’
region of St. John, that being an area about 15 miles
square near the present city of Gainesville. The other
islands were located to the north and east.

While it is therefore possible that present fern species
have continuously inhabited Florida since Tertiary times,
considerable doubt exists as to whether these plants could

5O . 45.

6 The chronological order of the ppp. time units referred to
is as follows: Cretaceous; Tertiary, includin poten ri ne
and Miocene; Quaternary, inclu uding Eigeoecie and Ree

7C. A. Sehuchert: Historical Geology of the Antillean- eet
Region (New York: John Wiley. 19

eC. e Cooke and Stu spi Mossom: Geology of Florida.
Pibac oe, Ann, Rept. Florida State Geol. Surv., pp. 29-22 8, 1929.

oe he Cooke: Scenery of Florida. Florida Geol. Dall No.

DISTRIBUTION OF FLORIDA FERNS 93

haye survived through the Pleistocene epoch. Migra-
tions of these species to Alabama and Georgia and con-
sequent survival there during this period is exceedingly
unlikely, due to the recurring rigorous climates at that
time.

Two paths of migration leading to Florida have been
open from the south: one, by way of Cuba across the
Florida Straits, the other along the shores of the Gulf
of Mexico. There appears never to have been a land
bridge between Florida and Cuba or Florida and the
Bahamas. These lands are now as close as ever before
in the past, only 90 miles of water separating Cuba from
the Florida Keys. During Tertiary times this gap was
Probably never less than 300 miles wide, due to the con-
tinued submergence of southern Florida. Fern migra-
tion by means of wind-blown spores between these lands,
therefore, is of higher probability since the Pleistocene
than in previous times.

No geologic fern records exist from Florida. From
paleobotanical evidence elsewhere, however, and from
other paleontological evidence, we are able to infer cer-
tain generalities concerning past climates and floras. At
“ast four modern fern genera that occur in Florida—
Dryopteris, Adiantum, Polypodium, and Acrostichum—
ate known from the Cretaceous.”

Th the lower Eocene the Wilcox flora indicates a “ar
temperate or tropical climate and contains two species
" Asplenium of types readily matched by existing Cen-

American species. Other fern genera found in cs
flora include Lygodium, Acrostichum, and Anema.

Chron liam C. Darrah: Principles of Paleobotany (Leiden,
sree Botaniea Co. 1 : Sees f the
Lowe var W. Berry: The Affinities and Distribution yer
Phil geoeete Flora of Southeastern North America. Proe.

: 53: 129-250, 1914.

94 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

The two former are common in the Claiborne and Vicks-
burg floras and in Tertiary floras generally.”

It seems evident that through much of the Tertiary the
southeastern states supported floras comparable to that
of northern peninsular Florida today.’* On the other
hand, there is little likelihood of the more tropical mem-
bers of such a flora having persisted in Florida through
the Pleistocene epoch, even admitting the existence of
continual emergence. The Pleistocene flora of an area
near Baton Rouge, Louisiana, now bearing a similar flora
to that of parts of northern Florida, contained such
species as white spruce, white pine and larch.1* The
southern limits of distribution of these species now lies
500 to 1500 miles farther north than the northernmost
stations of our subtropical Florida ferns. Associated
mammalian remains in the Louisianan flora include the
tapir and the mastodon. These are known also from the
Florida Pleistocene, as well as many other north-temper-
ate species of that time. Several of these which have
persisted to the present do not occur in the southern half
of the United States. Furthermore, at its maximum
stage, the edge of the ice sheet was within 700 miles of

lorida.

From another viewpoint, persistence of tropical plants
in Florida through the Pleistocene involves the existence
of sites where the micro-climates were suitable. If gen-
eral climatic conditions since the Pleistocene have
remained unsuitable (an assumption of the St. John

2 The Wileox flora . from the lower Eocene of the yen eres
cae Alabama to the Rio Grande; the Claiborne from t
Eocene from Georgia to northern Mexico; and the ssa ; from
the CRsboens of Mississippi.

Edward W. B Hong Tertiary Floras of Eastern North America.

. Brown: The Flora of Pleistocene Deposits in the
western Flo rida Parishes, West Feliciana and East Baton Rouge
haar hearer Louisiana Dept. Cons. Geol. sl No. 12, pp:

DISTRIBUTION OF FLORIDA FERNS 95

hypothesis), it follows that such sites have persisted to
the present. Practically all of the present topography,
however, is of post-Pleistocene origin,” the lime forma-
tions which support the epipetriec species that constitute
the bulk of our tropical ferns in northern Florida being
especially youthful. The author has found every fern
species in northern peninsular Florida, with the possible
exception of two of the Lecanto spleenworts, on post-
Pleistocene habitats. Nearly a third of these species are
not found in older habitats. Several species, including
Asplenium abscissum, A. verecundum, and Goniopteris
reptans, are common on newly created habitats.
Considering the widespread submergence of Florida in
the Pleistocene, the north-temperate climate that appears
to have existed following this submergence, and the lack
of persistent habitats capable of sheltering the species in
question, it seems highly unlikely that tropical and sub-
tropical fern species were able to survive this epoch m
Florida. Although species similar to those at present
inhabiting the peninsula undoubtedly lived on emergent
land in this region in Tertiary times, the author is of the
opinion that the largest present portion of the tropical
fern flora dates only from the post-Pleistocene. In re-
fent geologic times climates have been warmer than at
Present, but not much more severe.*®
The native ferns of Florida are predominantly Carib-
in character. The list of endemic fern species 38
Not very impressive ; taxonomic doubt minimizes at pres-
‘nt the importance of endemic species in Thelypterts and
Ophioglossum. Thelypteris macilenta is known _
only one collection, and the most common Adder s-
e, O. floridanum, has been classified as synonymous
Went Fenneman: Physiography of Eastern United States
te bone McGraw-Hill, 1938), pp. 5 4 Notes

sharles F. Brooks, Editor: Some American Papers an
(™ Gimatie Variations, Bull. Amer. Met. Soe. 19: 1-224. 1938-

i
:

‘a
i

96 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

with a pantropie species.’ The specific status of the
three Aspleniums collected at Lecanto has been ques-
tioned ; in any event, they are of seemingly recent origin.
Only in A. Curtissii and A. Biscayneanum do we possess
clearly distinct and established endemic species. It
would be surprising if a flora isolated since Tertiary
times had not assumed more unique aspects than the
Florida fern flora. has.

The fern floras of tropical Florida and of the northern
peninsular lime-sink region are separated by many miles
of marshes, prairies, and swamps. Species inhabiting
such sites extend throughout the peninsula. The marked
climatic difference between these two limestone areas, one
tropical and the other south-temperate, is sufficient to
account for most of the difference in the respective floras.
The presence of seven Caribbean species in the northern
region and their absence in the southern may be either
due to accidental extinction from the southern habi-
tats which are small in extent and few in number, migra-
tion from the West Indies directly to the northern
section, or the failure of these species to cross the in-
hospitable barrier of central Florida, following migra-
tion into northern Florida around the Gulf of Mexico.

The fact that the Florida fern flora is West Indian,
however, and that, except for ferns of general distribu-
tion in the American tropics, no species are common to
both Florida and Mexico, suggests that the latter hy-
pothesis is improbable.

Recent collections have shown that the subtropical
ferns of the northern region are not so rare as formerly
supposed. The author examined several hundred lime
formations and found at least some of these species
growing on the large majority. Rapid solution of the

17 Robert T. Clausen: Dpbiagiomi petiolatum Hooker. Amer-
Fern Journ. 28: 1-11, 1938

ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM 97

porous limestones (Ocala, Tampa, Hawthorn Formation)
near the surface has led to the creation of many favor-
able habitats. Due to the nearly constant ground-water
temperature, updrafts are created in sinks and cave-
openings when the surface air temperature is low, a
phenomenon which is admirably suited to the dispersal
of fern spores. Peculiarities in distribution are corre-
lated with the existence and locations of suitable habitats.
The subtropical species of this region thus appear to be
well adjusted to the actual climatic and physiographic
conditions.

The subtropical fern flora of Florida, therefore, does
not appear to be a relict one originating in Tertiary
times, existing precariously since the ice ages despite an
unfavorable climate, and thence spreading southward
from a center of distribution in an ‘‘Oligocene island”
region. The flora, instead, is apparently a normal hia
Panding one. The subtropical species largely composing
it have very likely migrated into Florida or evolv
there since the Pleistocene, and their distribution can be
Satisfactorily explained by present-day climatic and
Physiographic conditions.

Harvarp Forest, PeTersHAM, Mass.

: ° 1
Asplenium adiantum-nigrum in Arizona
Epear T. WHERRY

When discussing the occurrence of eee
adiantum-nigrum in Colorado three years 48° I me :
tioned? a report of this plant from northern Arizona, e
that time unauthenticated. Subsequently, a Lone
Was deposited in the U. S. National Herbarium gees
Whitehead, the discoverer of this occurrence. Mr.
ie gaa rted by a
ily field trip referred to in this article was suppo

Ate the Ameriean Philosophical Soci

JOURNAL 28: 128. 1938.

98 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

head advises me that, owing to the destruction of most of
his specimens by fire, he does not plan to publish any
account of the ferns of this locality.

On June 8, 1940, I visited the Museum of Northern
Arizona near Flagstaff, and Mr. L. F. Brady, the
geologist there, kindly offered to act as guide to the fern

ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM L.

colony. We climbed about 500 feet above the plain over
huge rocks, past viciously spined Opuntias and Yuecas,
up the south face of Elden Mountain, four miles north-
east of Flagstaff. Here the dacite rock formed great
cliffs, in which there were occasional crevasses and cracks.
In these various ferns could be seen, many of them out of
reach, though a few were accessible to a sufficiently agile
collector. And among them was the Black-hair Spleen-
wort.

Though widespread and common in many parts of the
world, this fern is for some mysterious reason very rare

ASPLENIUM ADIANTUM-NIGRUM 99

in the United States. There is one record from Florida’
—in my opinion not above suspicion as to representing
a specimen from Europe, received in exchange. An oc-
currence of it in Colorado was first brought to attention
under the name A. Andrewsii,t later assigned to its
proper place by Maxon.’ In 1937 Mr. Andrews showed
me that locality, but all that remained of the fern was far
above our heads and inaccessible. Then it was found in
Zion Canyon, Utah ;° but on visiting that National Park
in 1940, I was unable to find anyone who knew on which
of the myriad cliffs it occurs.

At the Arizona station it is not abundant, and is mostly
high on overhanging cliffs. Nevertheless, by balancing
the camera tripod on some large boulders and giving a
10-minute exposure I was able to obtain a photograph of
one clump. This is here reproduced (Fig. 1.) A few
fronds, for a specimen, were pried loose with the aid
of astick. Most of the plants being wholly out of reach,
this is one colony of a rare fern not likely to be destroyed
by vandalism.

Other ferns noted on the same cliffs in the few minutes
available for exploration were:

representing a slight southward extension of its prevl-
ously known range.
AsSPLENIUM TRICHOMANES. Plants rather small, but
unexpectedly abundant in a station this far south.
HEILANTHES WootTont. Several clumps of this very
Sealy fern were seen in a single crevice.
Dryopreris rinix-mas. <A few very y°
especially moist spot.
‘oieyegmee es

ung plants in an

D. S. Correll, This JourNaL 28: 49. (1938.

sayen Nelson, Proe. Biol. Soc. Washington a bite Oi
i . Maxon, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. ig: + No. 16: 3.

1940, ottam, Garrett & Harrison, Bull. Univ. asian a

100 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

PELLAEA sP. Out of reach.

Woopsia sp. A small, glandular cliff-fern, seen only
in a few poorly developed clumps. 5

The cliffs of Elden Mountain can certainly be recom-
mended as worthy of a visit by any fern enthusiasts who
get into northern Arizona.

PHILADELPHIA, PENNSYLVANIA

Beware of ‘‘Lycopodium”!
CHARLES WHITEBREAD

From the beginning of recorded time the minute
spores of Lycopodium clavatum (and other species),
known to the early botanists as Muscus terrestris or Mus-
cus clavatus,’ have been recommended for their thera-
peutic virtues. This plant, a common club-moss, is found
throughout central and northern Europe, most of North
and South America, continental Asia, the East Indies,
and even in Africa, being in fact so widely distributed
as to have led naturally to its therapeutic use in common
life in many parts of the world. It was frequently used
in domestic therapy as an application to fresh wounds,
and earned a reputation as an absorbent styptic. Not-
withstanding its rather wide use in pharmacy in the mid-
dle of the 17th century, English druggists seem not t0
have included the powder in their lists of drugs before
1692, and it was not ‘‘official”’ in any of the London
pharmacopoeias. It was introduced in the U. S. Pharma-
copoeia of 1860, and has been included in all succeeding
editions.

A large part of this drug, ‘Lycopodium’? of the U. 8.
Pharmacopoeia, is gathered in Russia and Poland, and

' Fliickiger and Hanbury: Ph hia, A History of Drugs;
pp. 731-733. 1879, y: Pharmacographia, istory

Tue Drug ‘‘ Lycopopium”’ 101

most shipments to this country come by way of Danzig,
Hamburg, and London. In a pure condition it is com-
posed of nearly 50 per cent fatty oil, mainly olem with
small amounts of phytosterin, and traces of the glycerides
of arachitic, palmitic, and stearic acids; a distinctive acid
(lycopodie acid) has been reported in the oil to the extent
of about 2 per cent.?2* Frequently it is adulterated with
such substances as slightly roasted and colored starch,
dextrin, powdered colophony, tale, and various pollens.

“Tycopodium’’ is an ingredient of dusting powder
used on physicians’ rubber gloves, but its use in this
‘Manner has been shown to be dangerous. In 1933* five
cases were reported in which the spores of Lycopodium,
having been introduced into the operative field in the
course of surgical procedure, acted as foreign bodies and
gave rise to indolent chronic postoperative inflammatory
reactions at the original operative site, necessitating
secondary operations at subsequent dates. In 1939° six
Similar cases were reported. In these’ it was shown that
the spores either impeded the abatement of the existing
condition or gave rise to additional complicating factors.
The use of Lycopodium spores on gloves or operating
implements was cautioned against, and this substance has
been largely replaced by other dusting powders.

The chief employment of this drug in modern phar-
Macy has been as a dusting power for suppositories, to
facilitate the rolling of pilular masses, and to prevent
the adhesion of pills and suppositories when formed.

€se uses also have been reported to be dangerous, how-

: =
*John Uri Lloyd: Origin and History of All the Pharmacopoeia

ress, Cincinnati, 1921.

ni... Wall: United States Dispensatory,

“4wilPPincott Company, 1937. . 396.

Sex 033" Antopol: Lycopodium Granuloma, Arch. Path. 16:
1H. Erb: Surg. Gynec. & Obst. 60: 40. Jan, 1935.

102 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ever, if the medicine comes in contact with an open
wound. In 1937° the history of the development of a
rectal granuloma was traced to a continued use of sup-
positories. Further investigation disclosed that the
pharmacist who made the suppositories used the spores
of Lycopodium for dusting, in order to prevent adhesion
to the wrapper. When the possibility of the introduc-
tion of the spores was precluded, the wound healed and
there was no need for further operations.

““Lycopodium’’ is not wetted by water but floats
upon it, and when thrown into a flame it burns with a
quick flash. This latter characteristic has resulted in its
commercial use in large quantities, in connection with
shellac and earthy salts to make different colored signal
fires, as well as colored fireworks for evening celebrations.
It is well known how dangerous fireworks are and that
numerous accidents come about through their careless
use. In addition to the objectionable qualities referred .
to, the alkaloids of this drug have been proven to be
harmful to warm-blooded animals.?

Taking everything into consideration, this seemingly
harmless substance should be regarded as a pretty bad
actor! So, under the circumstances of its known dan-
serous qualities and its continued improper use, in spite
oe in the literature,*® this further admonition

““Beware of Lycopodium |”? may not be considered
pet cee

Division or Mepictne AnD PuBLic HEALTH,

U.S. Narionan Museum.

* William Antopol and Charles Robbins: Lycopodium rele mo
oe from Anal Suppositories. Journ. Amer. Med.
109: 1192. Oct. 9, 1937 f Liyco-

7 Contribution to ae Study of the ag of Alkaloids of Ly
po odium ourn. Amer. Pharm. Assoc, 27: 330. July,

CU, Metonmias and T. L. Ramsey: Journ. Aimer, Med,

116: 817-891. March 1,

* Science 93, Suppl. 1 March 28, 1941.

Dominica FERNS 103

Notes on Dominica Ferns
W. H. Hopes

The appearance in 1929 of Domin’s Pteridophyta of
the Island of Dominica represents the first publication
m the flora of this botanically rich Lesser Antillean
island. That the ferns should be first treated is logical,
for with nearly 400 species this great plant group is
dominant on rain-drenched, mountainous Dominica.
During the past four years the writer has spent inter-
mittent periods collecting on Dominica with the anticipa-
tion of finally publishing a flora of the island. As a re-
sult of these investigations 23 species of ferns are here
added to the known list presented in Domin’s work.
Future additions will undoubtedly be made, for many
Pteridophyte species still unknown on Dominica are
common to the two French islands Guadeloupe and Mar-
tinique, which lie close to the British island on the north
and on the south. -

For kind assistance in certain critical groups I am in-
debted to Dr. William R. Maxon and Mr. C. V. Morton,
of the U. §. National Herbarium, and I am especially
indebted to Mr. C. A. Weatherby, who has checked all
my fern determinations. Unless otherwise stated, all
‘ollection numbers cited in the following list are my Own.
OPHocLossum ReTicuLATUM L. This species, distrib-
Med generally through the West Indies and Tropical

erica, may now be recorded from Dominica. Spel
Mes were collected from a small colony growing beneath
‘range trees at Fern Villa, Ridgefield Estate, ©. 400 m.,
No. 2199,

ELapnociossum auaBeLLUM J. Smith. The pe x
_ Miniea record for this species, which has been ee ly
= Martinique only in the Lesser Antilles, but is wide’

104 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

distributed in the Greater Antilles and South America.
Epiphytic, on cleared areas at Sylvania estate, 625 m.,
no. 1155; forest borders, Syndicate Plantations, 700 m.,
no. 2623

ELAPHOGLOssUM HeERMINIERI (Bory & Fée) Moore.
Known from a single collection. Epiphytic on a tree
fallen across feeder stream, Pegoua River near Deux
Branches, Concorde Valley, 100 m., no. 3112.

ELAPHOGLOssUM HyBRIDUM Bory. First record for
Dominica; epiphyte, middle forested slopes of Morne
Anglais, ca. 900 m., no. 17A

ELapHogLossum Luoypi Underwood. Domin (p. 106,
pl. 20, fig. 2) lists this as new, but without description,
stating that it is ‘‘a distinct endemic species.’’ He cites
a Nicholls specimen collected in 1891, identified by Baker
as Acrostichum undulatum; also Francis E. Lloyd no. 863
(type), from Morne Diablotin, 1903. Apparently Under-
wood never published this name. I have examined mate-
rial bearing the type collection number, also Lloyd no.
321, in the herbarium of the New York Botanic Garden,
and am unable to separate EZ. Lloydii from E. Boryanum
(Fée) Moore, a species well known in Dominica and other
of the Lesser Antilles.

ELAPHOGLOssum Maxon Underwood. According t?
Maxon the first record for the Lesser Antilles, this species
having been known up to now only from the Greater
Antilles. Its relationship has been discussed fully by
Morton.’ Growing in full sun on a mossy stump in the
satus of a grapefruit orchard, Sylvania, 600 m., 10

ELAPHoGLOssuM RicipUM (Aubl.) Urban. According
to Alston, who has seen the type, E. flaccidum of authors
must fall into synonymy with this species. A single

1 This JouRNAL 29: 12. 1939.

Dominica FErRNs 105

collection is known from Dominica: Epiphytie in mossy
~ forests near summit of Morne Anglais, 1000 m., no. 2303.

ELAPHOGLOSSUM SCOLOPENDRIFOLIUM (Raddi) J. Smith.

This species is uncommon in the West Indies, the only

other Lesser Antillean station known being Guadeloupe.
The Dominica specimens (sterile), growing as epiphytes,
were collected in a shaded gorge near the base of Massa-
cre River Falls, 500 m., vicinity of Sylvania, no. 1021.

POLYPODIUM FLABELLIFORME Poir. This West Indian
Species was recorded by Grisebach from Dominica on the
basis of an Imray specimen, but Domin could not find
itat Kew. A new collection will thus authenticate this
earlier record, up to now questionable. Epiphytie in
mossy forests at the summit of Morne Trois Pitons, 1500
m., no. 1438.

Potypopium GuAucopHyLLUM Kunze. A single collec-
tion represents this species, which is rare in Dominica.
This fern, with fronds glaucous beneath, is an epiphyte,
clambering by means of its greenish rhizomes over tree
tunks in high-stem mountain* forests, Morne Colla

um
_Prope basem semel fureatis, venis D "
(penoribus ad apicem soriferis; sporangls glabris.

106 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Plants epiphytic, the fronds several to numerous,
loosely fasciculate, ascending, often arcuate or lax, 5-13
em. long. Rhizomes erect, 0.8-1.8 em. long, 1.5-3 mm.
in diameter, densely paleaceous at the tip, the scales light
fulvous, lustrous, linear-oblong to lanceolate, acuminate,
2.4-4.5 mm. long, 0.4-1.4 mm. broad (cells large, oblong
to limear-oblong, with thin, mostly oblique, concolorous
partition walls), entire or with occasional few-celled,

no. 1,780,525 in U. S. Nat. Herb.). Domrnica: Locally
common in association with P. asplenifolium, P. tenwicu-
lum, P. Hartii, P. jubaeforme, P. taenifolium, and F-
serricula, in wet moss mats on the limbs of stunted trees

August 15, 1938, Hodge, no. 54 (type in Herb. Gray;
'sotypes in U. 8. Nat. Herb. and Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard.) ;

Dominica FERNS 107

same locality, Feb. 23, 1940, W. H. & B. T. Hodge, nos.
1404 and 1431 (1404 and 1481 in Herb. Gray; 1431 in
Herb. N. Y. Bot. Gard. and U. S. Nat. Herb.).

Polypodium Knowltoniorwm is here proposed as an
addition to the small subgroup of species consisting of
P. basiattenuatum, P. Sherringii, P. serricula, and P.
trichomanoides, these belonging to the Tropical American
group of about 25 species long ago discussed by Maxon.”
As in its four relatives the blades are long-setose with
reddish hairs and the rhizome scales are non-ciliate, bear-
ing instead occasional irregular teeth 1 to 3 cells broad.
Polypodium basiattenuatum is confined to the high moun-
tains of Jamaica; P. Sherringii, a very rare species, is
Inown only from Jamaica and Cuba; and P. tricho-
manoides, an abundant epiphyte in the Blue Mountains
of Jamaica, is represented also by a few specimens from
Cuba, Guatemala, and Honduras. The other two, PF,
serricula and the new species here described, are Lesser

illean.

In 1938, in Dominica, the writer collected about a
dozen specimens (no. 54) representing P. Knowlton
rum. A return trip in 1940 added much additional
material, some 150 specimens, all from the type locality—
Mossy forests atop Morne Trois Pitons. At the same
time, at the same locality, and growing intermixed Lei
the new species under identical ecological conditions,
there was also collected (no. 3963) a comparable nue
tal series of P. serricula (Plant. Exsice. Gray. 10. 1007).

Study has shown that these two species are Very closely
telated. At first, I strongly considered treating the new
entity as a variety of P. serricula; but since no inter-
mediate forms are present and the two series are quickly
‘eparable even by the eye, it seems proper to. prope: *
NeW species.

*Contr. U. 8, Nat, Herb. 17: 542-557. pls. 82-88. 191°.

VOLUME 31, PLATE 1
NOWLTONIORUM.

AND P. K

A

ERRICUL

> & & ie, #78

“top » & & aa Soh se a: A.
Woo aa Oy » ne py
: te: i. ve ¥ Sata ta ak A ss

co.

v¥r nied
_ Pew on vere

POLYPODIUM s§

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Dominica FERNS 109

From P. serricula, P. Knowltoniorum can be distin-

the unvarying presence of branched veins in all mature
sterile segments, P. serricula possessing a distinct and

fronds’? seen in P. trichomanoides is absent in P. Knowl-
_ toniorum.
A single, poor specimen (Questel, no. 1033) is the sole
Tecord for P. Knowltoniorwm in Guadeloupe. This col-
lection was very doubtfully annotated by Maxon as P.
_trichomanoides, but on an accompanying label he states,
“This is more closely related to P. serricwla, but it is
_ larger and bears the porus of the segment upon an elon-
gate basal vein branch.’? The Questel specimen 1S @

* ”
) *veral of my Dominica plants, is due to “smothering |
: the indi-

The following key, revised from Maxon, may be used

losest relatives:

to Separate P. trichomanoides and its ¢

110 AmgrIcAN FerRN JOURNAL

Fertile branch of vein usually long-produced; segments generally

i
Fronds numerous, with stiffy erect or shuttlecock habit; seg-
ments narrow, almost coriaceous; stipe definite ely. non-
alate P. trichomanoides
— less numerous, laxly arcuate; segments cigs Pedram its

stipe alate to the base emer vow wlto
Fertile A sensi of vein short or (in P. serricula) somite richie
shen parece Pe segments never (rarely in P.
la) ¢

Berneets a aeay. triangular or deltoid-oblong .......... P. serricula
Segments oblong, rounded at the ap

La mane delicately herbaceous, iipienaly long- Rigcyrtir? vein of

ertile agent distinctly geniculate .... P. basiatt nuatum

ie mo less spongiose, sparingly setose, the hairs

aesioc: aan of fertile segments arcuate, decurv ed. ie

P. Sherringil

Pouypopium Limpatum (Fée) Maxon. Exceedingly
rare, this species has until now been known only from
Guadeloupe and St. Vincent. Its small size and its habit
of growing epiphytically with mosses on inaccessible
peaks make it easily overlooked. Known from a single
specimen, from mossy forests atop Morne Trois Pitons,
1500 m., no. 1437.

Pouypopium REPENS Aubl. Although known from the
Greater Antilles this species is apparently very uncom-
mon in the Lesser Antilles, the only collections that I
have seen being from Guadeloupe. In Dominica it was
collected but once,—clambering upon large trees in 4
densely forested ravine near the northwest base of Morne
Diablotin, 800 m., no. 2782.

PouypopruM serricuta Fée. (Pl. 1, figs. 1-3.) The
accumulation of much additional material of this species
—chiefly by Stehlé in Martinique and Guadeloupe, Ques-
tel in Guadeloupe, and by the writer in Dominica—makes
necessary a reconsideration of its delimiting characters.
The differences by which Maxon separated it from P.

trichomanoides still hold, with one exception, 1.€. S@8- _

ments ‘‘never gibbous,’’ a character which was US in
his key. Gibbosity is not the rule in this species, —
certain recent specimens from Guadeloupe (Stehlé, nos

a

Dominica FERNs 111

$56, 1768, 1771, 1772, 1781; Seifriz, no. 37; all in U. S.
Nat. Herb.) and from Dominica (Hodge, nos. 58, 2792,
3963 [Plantae Exsice. Gray. no. 1007] in part, all in
Herb. Gray ) do show a pronounced swelling on the supe-
tior margin of some segments. Such segments are al-
ways fertile and possess two hydathodes, the extra one
Tepresenting the tip of a short soriferous spur-vein, which
hormally is suppressed in this species. Despite this
gibbous tendency P. serricula is still readily separated
from P. trichomanoides, but is more likely to be confused
with P. Knowltoniorwm.

Potyropium renuicuLuMm Fée. It is remarkable that
this Lesser Antillean species has been unrecorded from
the island, for at middle to higher elevations it is quite
‘mmon as an epiphyte on trunks of large forest trees.
Perhaps it has been overlooked because it is associated
With P, asplenifolium and P. jubaeforme, which at a dis-
_ linee it somewhat resembles. I have collected P. tenw-
ulum at Sylvania, 600 m., nos. 1118 and 3960; in rain-
forests along the trail to Castle Bruce, 700 m., no. 1227;
MMossy forests near the summit of Morne Trois Pitons,
Tito M., no. 1433; and near the Syndicate Orchards at
~ the horthwestern base of Morne Diablotin, 700 m., no.
| ~*. In addition, I have seen Cooper no. 102 (in U. 8.
Nat Herb.) from Sylvania.

i. RAMMA ScHarrnert (Fée) Weatherby. The
| a ‘st Dominica record for this species is a small form from
i j Gully, 500 m., on the Imperial Road between Mt.
7 ny and Sylvania, no. 1290.

(To be concluded)

oe : eran cere : . fig. 2, vena-
tin of on OLYPopIuM sERRicuLa Fée: Fig. 1, x2; 8. 2, Yor ,
1 razor Of NOWLTONIORUM W. H. Hodge: es oa type speci:
© %y in pare tile segments, x 5; fig. 6, stipes, x5;

112 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL |

Shorter Notes

Preris MULTIFIDA IN ARKANSAS.—On April 19, 1941,
I found the Huguenot Fern (Pteris multifida) at Hot
Springs, Garland County, Arkansas, and have given
small specimens to the Missouri Botanical Garden, the
Field Museum, and the U. S. National Museum, besides
adding two to my own collection, all under my no. 4141.
They were collected at a point about 100 feet west of the
hot springs, at the base of Hot Spring Mountain, and at
the back of the little park west of the bath houses. A
colony of six or eight plants here clings to the vertical
sides of a limestone tufa niche, facing north, in complete
shade, under a curtain of honeysuckle vines falling from
a shoulder above. Bach plant sinks its roots into a tiny
fissure, its leaves lying against the rock surface. One
small plant of Adiantum capillus-veneris was growing in
the same niche. I was looking for Cheilanthes ala-
bamensis, and combed the area everywhere for an un-
rolling specimen. I failed to find the Cheilanthes, though
Dr. F. J. Scully kindly pointed out his station for that,
perhaps 50 feet above where I found the Pteris—ALBERT
CHaAnobter, St. Lowis, Mo.

BRACKEN as A Source oF PAPER IN BrivTaIn.—Science,
April 18, 1941, reports that experiments are in progress
in Britain on the use of Bracken fronds (Pteridium
aquilinum) in paper-making. The European variety
is a very common and troublesome weed in pastures and
old fields. According to Long and Fenton (Journ. Roy-
Agric. Soc. Eng. 99, 1938) the present wide distribution
was largely acquired during the last war, when many 0
the large estates could not be properly tended. It will
be interesting if one of the liabilities incurred during the
last war can be turned to advantage in this one!—R. M.
Tryon, Jr., Gray Herbarium.

SHortTer Nores 113

More Fiorma Ferns.—In mid-April of this year I
went on a collecting trip to a point called Prospect Land-
ing—probably an ancient ferry landing on the banks of
the St. Mary’s River—in Nassau County, Florida. Just
off the dirt road leading to the river, and about a half-
mile from it, is a deep ravine, which I proceeded to ex-
plore for the first time, although I had previously been
over much of the surrounding territory. <A clear small
stream drains the ravine and runs down into the river,
and on its low step banks, for less than a hudred yards,
Were fine specimens of Polystichum acrostichoides. This
is the first time I have seen this fern in northeastern
Florida. For miles along the river there are large colo-
mes of Selaginella apoda, the plants lying closely ap-
Pressed to the steep banks of the river and covering logs
and tree roots in the adjacent swamp. The only other
place I know this species is the center of a swamp in the
‘xtreme southern part of Duval County, about 75 miles
South of the St. Mary’s River.

The day following my St. Mary’s River trip I went
South to Middleburg, Clay County, and a few miles north
of Middleburg paused to collect some Iris. I had stopped

, at this particular spot several times previously, but this
| time, Struck by the color range of a clump of Iris in the
‘stance, I went farther back from the road than before
and came on a considerable colony of Isoetes, a hundred
fine Plants or more, which proved to be I. Engelmannu.

Species had never been collected in Florida until last

Year, when I found a single plant growing on the bank
*r a stream near my home. I have since searched both
) XS for a long distance, but have not been able to find
"a4 More. This is not surprising, as a WPA project cut
he stream about three feet lower than it originally was
a : Somehow, through no fault of theirs, managed »

Ye one plant alive. As I have now located this species

114 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

of Isoetes in two different counties, it may be expected
to oceur at other points in Florida.—Mary W. DIDDELL,
Jacksonville, Fla.

Protective Fern Mounts.—Mr. Howard Gilmore has
sent us a sample of a method of mounting which he has
devised and which some of our members might like to
try, especially for specimens which are to be used for
exhibition.

Materials needed are: stiff white cardboard about 75
inch thick; Kodak dry mounting tissue; cellophane; and
binding tape (Dennison’s no. 4 gummed cloth mending
tape is good). Lay the cardboard (which can be cut to
any size to accommodate the specimens) on a smooth
surface, place on it a sheet of mounting tissue of the same
size, tack this down by touching it at several points along
the margin with a hot electric iron, arrange the specimens
upon it, tacking them lightly in place, cover with a sheet
of cellophane, lay a piece of thin flannel over it, and iron
the whole with a hot electric iron (but not so hot as
for ironing clothes), working from the center outward.
Finish the edges with a binding tape after the manner
of a passepartout. More specimens may be mounted on
the other side, if desired, and labels and photographs or
drawings may be put in with the specimens. Fruiting
fronds should be lightly varnished with banana oil
before mounting, to keep the sporangia in place.

The result is a rigid mount which shows the specimens
well and will stand much rough handling without dam-
age. Mr. Gilmore, whose address is 97 Holland Road,
Brookline, Mass., will be glad to answer questions in re-
gard to his process.—C, A. WeaTHerBy, Gray Herbarium.

Recent LITERATURE 115

Recent Literature

“Horticulture”? for March 1, 1941, has an unsigned
article on fern-growing as a garden hobby. It contains
useful comment on the proper place and treatment of
ferns in the garden, suitable species for different loca-
tions, and the securing of stock from the wild without
depleting the native supply. The statement that the
fertile fronds of Lady-fern are now being used in winter
bouquets is news to us.—C. A. W.

The fern flora of the Channel Islands, California (San
Clemente, Santa Catalina, Santa Rosa, and Santa Cruz)
has recently been listed by M. B. Dunkle.* There are no
endemic species, the majority being of general mainland
distribution. Twenty species and varieties are enumer-
ated, all belinging to the Polypodiaceae. The fern re-
Ported as Notholaena candida Hook. is N. californica
D. ©. Eaton. According to the author this species is
known on the Channel Islands only from Santa Cruz, but
in the National Herbarium there are specimens also from
Santa Catalina Island, these collected by Blanche Trask
M February 1897 and March 1899.—C. V. M.

Our Chilean member, Mr. Looser, continues his ex-
cellent work on the ferns of his country. In addition to
the articles enumerated in Dr. Benedict’s recent review,
he has lately published two short papers. One gives an
account, with a key, descriptions, citation of specimens,
discussion and illustrations, of the four species of Elapho-
gossum known in Chile. One of these, EZ. Lindenn,
Sceurs in Chilean territory only in the islands of Juan
Fernandez; the other three, E. Gayanum, E. Mathewsn,
and E. Porteri, are rather rare rock-inhabiting ferns of

1

“‘Ferns of »? Bull. So. Calif. Acad. Sei. 39:
25.7 940, the Channel Islands, ull.

116 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

south-central Chile. Here they are at the southernmost
limit of the genus and separated by a considerable dis-
tance from their congeners and even from the other
regions in which two of them are to be found. There
are no Elaphoglossums in northern Chile. Only E£.
Porteri, however, is endemic; E. Gayanum occurs in
Argentina and EZ. Mathewsti aap the Andes

The second paper discusses the finding, e Donat, of
the Andean Asplenium triphyllum Presl in southern
Patagonia.'—C. A. W.

One of the earliest members of the American Fern
Society, when it was still known as the Linnaean Fern
Chapter, and one of the first to contribute toward publi-
cation of fern data under the auspices of the Chapter,
Dr. A. J. Grout has continued his interest in ferns and
the Fern Society, among other activities having been host
ata field meeting of members at his summer home in
Newfane, Vermont. During this long period his major
interest, however, has been with mosses, and he is noted
for a succession of publications on this group of plants.
His ‘‘Mosses with Hand Lens and Microscope’’ has for
many years served as an admirable introduction to moss
study, and as editor of the Bryologist, which had its be-
ginning as a section of the Fern Bulletin, he has con-
tributed widely to the field of bryology.

With the recent publication of Vol. 2, part 4, of ‘“Moss
Flora of North America north of Mexico’’ Dr. Grout has
brought to completion, in three thick volumes, his most
ambitious and comprehensive published work on mosses:
This beautifully illustrated treatise of nearly a thousand
pages will, of course, be an essential in any botanical oF

Looser, Gualterio. El Género ‘‘Elaphoglossum’’ Schott
(Filices) en Chile. Asplenium triphyllum Pres! en la Pea

Austral. Anais Primeira Reuniio Sul-Americana de tanica
3: 399-410. 5 pls. 1940.

RECENT LITERATURE 117

general reference library. It will be of special interest
and value to many members of the Fern Society, both to
those who have already begun the study of mosses and to
others who may wish to begin an excursion in the knowl-
edge of these plants, which are almost invariable com-
panions of ferns. In general, it may be noted that a
thorough-going study of mosses calls for the use of a
compound microscope and the discrimination of cellular
differences in the structure of the leaves, the peristome
teeth, and other minute parts.—R. C. B.

The three species of Isoetes growing in San Diego
County, California, have recently been thoroughly
Studied by Mr. Louis C. Erickson.t Two of these, I.
Nuttallii and I. Orcuttii, are rather closely related, and
Were considered doubtfully distinct by Miss Pfeiffer, the
Monographer of this genus. Mr. Erickson finds, how-
ever, that there are morphological differences between
the two, as well as differences in habitat. Isoetes Nut-
tallii grows along small streams, but not in standing
water, although the plants may be partially submerged
after rains; its soil preference is for a coarse sand or
Sandy clay. On the other hand, J. Orcutti grows only
in vernal pools, and is submerged during most of the
srowing season, After the water evaporates the plants
Mature in the desiccating soil. In all instances the soil
18 pure clay, which is soft when wet and extremely hard
When dry. The third species, I. Howellii, is less limited
in habitat, growing either in pools or on stream banks,
Sometimes in the shade of chaparral plants. In this
Species the range in size of the megaspores 1s very great,
and the author considers that the var. minima Pfeiffer

48 no morphological basis.—C. V. M.
Wisevepeeme
caliickeon, Louis C. A Study of Isoetes in San Diego County,
la. Madrofio 6: 7-11. 1941.

118 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Mr. Albert Chandler, vice-president of the St. Louis
Horticultural Society, has published a list of the true
ferns of Missouri, with pleasantly written preliminary
comment.’ This contains interesting bits of information.
Purple Cliff-brake, for instance, does well in the moist
warmth of a Wardian case; in Missouri, Hay-scented
Fern grows only on wet, shaded sandstone ledges. Mr.
Chandler’s language is often picturesque and imagina-
tive. He likens the lower pinnae of the Purple Cliff-
brake to the ‘‘sword-handle cross of the erusaders,’’ and
sees the fruiting spike of Ophioglossum Engelmanni as
“two rounded ridges, like a double-barrelled shotgun.”’
It is sad to find him a victim of the insidious fascination
of punning and, like many other good man, led astray
thereby. His one attempted pun, on Fée (the French
pteridologist) and fee, rests, alas, on a misspelling and
a mispronunciation !—C, A. W

American Fern Society

MemBersuip Camparan—A folder of information
about the Fern Society and the JourNAL is ready for
distribution by the Membership Committee. With this
organization work out of the way it is hoped that a large
number of members will enlist with Mr. W. Herbert Dole,
Chairman, obtain a supply of circulars by writing to the
Brooklyn Botanic Garden, and distribute these to li-
braries, garden and nature clubs, and particularly to in-
dividuals who are likely to be interested in the Fern
Society. It would be a fine thing if we could have special
representatives of the Membership Committee in every
state.

1 dory-r a A. The common Missouri Ferns. Garden Life, 14:

AMERICAN FERN Society 119

Books on Ferns.—What fern book is best suited for
my use? As a basis for answering this question, Dr.
R. M. Tryon, Jr., is preparing a list of fern books, both
general and regional. Copies of this will be available
through the Librarian, Miss Hester M. Rusk, who will
also furnish printed lists of all the books available on loan
to members. In this connection an appeal is made to
members for reprints of any fern articles, extra copies
of older numbers of the JourNAL, and duplicate fern
books, as a contribution to the Society.

Fretp Trips To Fern GarpENs.—Have you a fern
garden or a fern corner which you would be willing to
Show to others? If so, the Membership Committee will
appreciate hearing from you. We hope to draw up a
full list of such gardens, which may serve as goals for
informal field trips and to which we may refer enquirers :
New members who want advice about what species to
Plant and how to grow them; old members who would
like to see what others are doing. Some gardens, like
those of Mr. Dole and of Mr. and Mrs. Thurston, are
meccas each year for many visitors. :

As a start, a few gardens are listed below. Since this
hotice possibly will not reach you before the first of Sep-
tember, the time for visits to northern gardens is neces-
‘arily short; many species will be far past their prime
by the middle of that month. For next year, we hope
ther © May be available a good list of gardens, representa-
tive of all parts of the country. In the next JoURNAL
Wwe shall be glad to announce open dates for any fern
fardens in Florida or other of the warmer states where
"inter visits may be feasible. (In this present list, if
definite dates are not given, prospective visitors are re-
ested to enquire in advance as to a convenient time
for visits, )

120 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Mr. Maurice Broun: September—November, Hawk
Mountain Sanctuary, Berks Co., Pennsylvania; winter
months, Vero Beach, Florida; summer months, Long
Trail Lodge, Rutland, Vermont.

Mrs. W. W. Diddell, R. F. D. 5, Box 296a, Jackson-
ville, Florida.

Mr. W. Herbert Dole, 23 Overlook Ave., West Orange,
New Jersey
Mrs. C. P. Griffeth, 41 Lake View Park, Rochester,
New York. (September 20 and 21, 1941.)

Dr. Everet G. Logue, Williamsport, Pennsylvania.

Mr. Harold Goddard Rugg, Hanover, New Hampshire.
(September 22, 1941.)

Mrs. Charles Y. Tanger, 316 North President Ave.,
Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

Mr. and Mrs. Edw. D. Thurston, Jr., Sharon, Connecti-
cut; road toward W. Cornwall. (September 15, 1941.)

Bowman’s Wild Bird and Flower Preserve, Washing-
ton’s Crossing State Park, New Hope, Bucks Co., Penn-
Sylvania (developed by Dr. Wherry).

zR.C.&

New MEMBERS

Miss Mary E. Groff, Charles Road, R. F. D. 6, Lancaster, Pa.
Mr. Fred Kaye, 3778 Griffith View Drive, Los Angeles, Calif.
Mr. Cedrie Sidney, 1337 State St., New Orleans, Louisiana.
Mr. Thomas M. Stubbs, Healey Building, Atlanta, Georgia.

CHANGES or ADDRESS

Mrs. John J. Bell, Nyack, New York.

Mr. James A. Burgess: Marstons Mills, Cape Cod, Mass.

Dr, Edmund LeRoy Dow, Watch Hill, Rhode oer

Mr. Frederick W. Kobbé, Wilton, Connec

Dr. Rodolfo Pichi- -Sermolli, c/o Baroness S Maty Zezza, Villa
Poggiulivo, Via del Salviatino, Fiesole, Firenze, Italy.

Mr. W. E. H. Rasmussen, 632 West LaVeta St., Orange, Calif.

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A
October-December, 1941 No. 4 <

\

American Hern Journal

A QUARTERLY DEVOTED TO FERNS
Published by the

AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY

i?

EDITORS
WILLIAM R. MAXON
R. C. BENEDICT Cc. V. MORTON |
IRA L. WIGGINS
ws

CONTENTS . “2 :
on Dominica Ferns (conclusion) 2 2. Ht. Honcz 121
Gold Rush: A Fern Ally... a < Benenict 127

le and Local Fern Floras of the United ‘States a
nclusion ) 8, F. Buaxe 131

s and i iictaanas of Ophioglossum in Florida
caspemmea ie St. JOHN “3

7 : gore
Fern n Society. ee Be aa eee

eepsanansetreatensnenannereerenentee

Che American Hern Soriety

Counril for 1941
OFFICERS FOR THE YEAR

Ro T. CuauseEN, Bailey Hortorium, Ithaca, N. Lae cum resident
Joserpn Ewan, Boulder, Colorado ce-President
Mars. Esiz Gisson WHITNEY, 342 New Scotland Ave., y Albany,

etary
Tlenry K. Svenson, Brooklyn Botanic Garden, inte Seg * ¥;

DO

Witt R. Maxon, Smithsonian Institution, Washington.
ane

OFFICIAL ORGAN |

American Fern Journal |

EDITORS :

ut R. Maxox ......Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. |

Mpeg C. Rewkbicr nee ei aoa . 1819 Dorchester Road, Brooklyn, N. Y.
et ek ‘Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C. q

Ina L, Wicains ...... Dudley Herbari barium, Stanford University, Calif. j

An illustrated popes — to the general study of ferns.

Subseription, $1.25 per , foreign, 10 cents extra; sent free
to members of the AMERICAN FERN SOCIETY (anni annual des
$1.50; life membership, $25.00). Extracted reprints, if ordered in
advanee, sy ge be i oe authors at cost. They should be ordered

a aie oe a

Volume I, six num $2.00;
back alors Gace Vol. I, No. 1; sol Til, nos. 2, 3 and
4; and vol. IV, no. 1, cannot be supplied except with comp
volumes. Ten per cent. discount to members and institutions oD
orders of six volumes or more,

Matter for publication should be addressed to William R. Maxon,
Smithsoni n, Washington, D. C.

Orders for fo bat scedlces and other business communications
should be addressed to the Treasurer of the Society.

SE ee ee.

gust udenicings
Miss Izstez M, Rusx, Brooklyn Botanic Hiianss Saraese, Took TY

_ CURATOR OF THE HERBARIUM

: interested in

American Hern Journal

a

: Vou. 31 OcTOBER—DECEMBER No. 4

Notes on Dominica Ferns
W. H. Hopes

(Conclusion)

of the neighboring French islands. A single colony of
Some 50 plants or more was seen, but not a single fertile

_(Forsk.) C. Chr. Alston apparently made this combina-

ton without having examined sufficient American mate-

—tangularis, no. 2597 from Milton is typical of what
Alston calls Old World D. dentata, and the majority of
My numbers show various combinations of characters. of
both “‘species.”” To cite just a few: No. 1254, Imperial
3 Road, has the lobation, slightly reduced lower pinnae,
q a long hairs of D. quadrangularis, with the rhachis and
me of D. dentata; no. 2877, Milton, has the slightly
a reduced pinnae and yellow rhachis of D. quadrangularis,
a pe the lobation, hairs, and rhizome of D. dentata;
Journ. Bot. 75: 253. 1937

_ [Volume 31, No. 3 of the JouRNAL, pages 81-120, plate 1, was
“sted August 18, 1941.]

121

122 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

no. 3490, Pegoua River Valley, has the slightly reduced
pinnae, long hairs, and yellow rhachis of D. quadrangu-
laris, with the lobation and rhizome of D. dentata. It
seems best, from the evidence of such data, to abandon
Alston’s classification and to regard D. dentata as a
highly variable species.

DrYOPTERIS DOMINICENSIS C. Chr. In his key to the
subgenus Lastrea, Christensen separates this species,
primarily on the basis of its scaly rhachis, from D. rustica
(Fée) C. Chr. Careful examination of authentic mate-
rial of D. rustica and comparison with a large series of
Dominica material of D. dominicensis show that no
essential differences exist. Maxon and Morton, in an
unpublished key to Lesser Antillean species of Lastrea,
have also reached this conclusion. Besides a collection,
no. 2805, from Morne Diablotin, 1600 m., the type locality
for D. dominicensis, I collected two numbers, nos. 137 and
1411, from mossy forests atop Morne Trois Pitons, a new
locality for Dominica.

DRYOPTERIS HyDROPHILA Fée. As prophesied by
Domin, this species of the French Antilles is now known
from Dominica. The one collection, slightly divergent
from typical material of D. hydrophila, was collected
from wet banks along the trail near Freshwater Lake,
alt. 665 m., rainfall 900 em. per annum, no. 1857.

DRYOPTERIS GUADALUPENSIS (Fée) Kuntze. This Les-
ser Antillean species is now known in Dominica: Shaded
ravine near the base of the twin falls of the Massacre
River, 500 m., between Mt. Joy and Sylvania, no. 1373.

Dryopreris suBincisa (Willd.) Urban. On page 226
of his Pteridophyta of Dominica Domin states that this
species is as yet unknown to the island, although wide-
spread in the West Indies and Tropical America. Yet
in the same work (page 78) he cites a specimen (Nicholls,
no. 242), identified by Baker as Alsophila infesta, which
is “‘(teste Maxon)’’ Dryopteris subincisa. The writer

|

Dominica FERNS 123

has also collected this large fern in the shaded ravine of
the Massacre River, 500 m., between Mt. Joy and Syl-
vania, no. 1340.

SaccoLOMA INAEQUALE (Kunze) Mett. Citations by
Krug of this large terrestrial species from Dominica are,
according to Domin, founded on a misidentified specimen
of 8S. domingense (Spreng.) Prantl. The writer has
since made three authentic collections of S. inaequale:
In rich forests at Laudat, 700 m., no. 1971; beside stream
in shaded ravine, northwest base of Morne Diablotin, 750
m., no. 2784; shaded banks of Dublanc River near Milton,
600 m., no. 2864.

TRICHOMANES HYMENOIDES Hedw. Urban cites Do-
minica as a locality for this species, but bases his record
on Grisebach, who does not list Dominica. The species
is now known from woodlands about Lisdara, 600 m.,
Where it occurs as an epiphyte, on shaded tree trunks,
hos. 140 and 2372.

TRICHOMANES PUNCTATUM Poir. This species, common
in the West Indies and Tropical America generally, is
here recorded for the first time from Dominica. T.
Sphenoides Kunze is scarcely separable from T. pune-

atum. The latter is to be found in Dominica on shaded

rocks or tree trunks: In ravine of Massacre River, 500
M., between Mt. Joy and Sylvania, no. 1017; shaded
ravine, South Chiltern, 450 m., no. 1564; in rain-forests
Rear Syndicate Orchards, 700 m., no. 2720; moist forests
M valley of Pegoua River, 200 m., no. 3003; ravine of
Gaulettre River, 100 m., Carib Reserve, no. 3355.

HYMrnopHyiiuM ECTOCARPON Fée. This rare species,
until recently known only from Guadeloupe, is now re-
corded from Dominica. Comparative material has been
Mhavailable, yet my specimens agree with Fée’s deserip-

® and plate, varying if at all in the more laciniate
Margins of the indusial valves. H. ectocarpon is a close

_ telative of the widely distributed H. fucoides Sw. and

PLATE 2

)

31

VOLUME

AND H. LANATUM.

;

JOURNAL

FERN

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AMERICAN

Dominica FERNS 125

differs only in the deeply laciniate valves and in the dis-

apical fourth of the frond may be fertile—the sori,
four or five in number, occurring on unreduced, usually
Superior or apical segments. Future collections of H.
eclocarpon may force its reduction to varietal status
nder H. fucoides, but for the present it seems best to
msider it a valid species. All specimens collected in
Dominica occur as epiphytes, on tree trunks: in very deep
de: On trunk of Hemitelia muricata, Sylvania, 600
no. 1094; rain-forests near Syndicate Orchards, 700
no. 2899.

HyMenopuynium Latirrons van den Bosch. (Pl. 2,
is. 1, 2.) Nine years after the original description
(1859) of this Lesser Antillean species, Hooker and
ker reduced it to a variety of the more widely dis-
buted H. hirsutum (L.) Sw. Although Fée and Jen-
man both upheld van den Bosch’s species, Christensen
in the Index Filicum followed Hooker and Baker in con-

Superficially H. latifrons resembles b soonest
nd A. lanatum Fée, but it differs from them in its wider
_“gments (ca. 3 mm.) and broadly alate (ca. 3 mm.)

126 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

rhachises. The fronds also are slightly broader, and in
no. 1412, representing plants growing under conditions
of maximum rainfall (close to 900 em. per annum) at
the summit of Morne Trois Pitons, the frond-length (up
to 19 em.) is extreme. Under normal conditions fronds
average between 5 and 10 em. long. It was apparently
on the basis of general similarity of frond that Hooker
and Baker based their varietal reduction.

However, characters of vestiture differ, for although
all three species possess stellate branched hairs, those of
H. latifrons are consistently larger and definitely stalked,
even in plants which in size may approach specimens of
H. hirsutum and H. lanatum. In the material examin
no intermediates between the type of hair characteristic
of H. latifrons and those of the other two species have
been seen. The hairs of H. hirsutum (Pl. 2, figs. 3, 4)
are closely appressed, with four or more branches, and
are practically sessile (when stalked they are usually
limited to the indusial valves) ; further, they are evenly
but lightly scattered over the whole frond-surface, and
they vary in length from 0.2 to 0.6 mm. The vestiture
of H. lanatum (Pl. 2, figs. 5, 6) is the heaviest of the trio,
the hairs averaging from 0.4 to 0.6 mm. in length, gen-
erally with short stalks ca. 0.1 mm. long. The hairs of
H. latifrons are never less than a millimeter in length
and can be readily found up to 3 mm. Jong. The stalks
of these tri-branched hairs average 0.6 mm. long, and
thus commonly surpass the extreme total length of aver-
age hairs of H. hirsutum and H. lanatum. H. latifrons
is the least hairy of the three species and the vestiture
tends to be heaviest on the segment-margins.

The indusial valves also show disparity in size. Gen-
erally orbicular in all three species, they average 0.8 mm.
in diameter in the two short-haired species, 1.4 mm.
diameter in H. latifrons.

Hymenophyllum hirsutum and H. lanatum are pri-

GoLtp RusH: A Fern ALLy 127

marily Greater Antillean, whereas H. latifrons is a very
rare species of the higher, rain-swept volcanic peaks of
the Lesser Antilles, where it occurs as a pendant epiphyte
in wet moss mats on trees or dripping rocky outerops.
H. latifrons is a strict hydrophyte, and colonies which
undergo the slightest water-lack—even under conditions
of constant and heavy precipitation—show brown dis-
coloration and frond-curling very quickly. I have seen
the following specimens.—GuapELoure: L’Herminier,
sn. (NY); grand bois des Bains Jaunes, 500-1000 m.,
Duss, no. 4265 (NY). Dominica: Morne Diablotin, 4000
ft., Fishlock, nos. 34 and 50 (p.p.) (NY); mossy forests
at the summit of Morne Trois Pitons, 1500 m., no. 1412
(G, US). Marrmique: Montagne Pelée, Calebasse, 500-
900 m., Duss, no. 1519 (NY). Sz. Vincent: Without
other data, Herb. Jenman (NY).

Gray HERBARIUM.

Pave 2,—HYyMENOPHYLLUM LATIFRONS van den Bosch: Fig. 1,
frond (left) from unusually wet situation and frond (right) from

ier, exposed situation, x1; fig. 2, vestiture, x10; Hodge no. 1412.
HYMENOPHYLLUM HIRSUTUM (L.) Sw.: Fig. 3, x1; fig. 4, binge

x10; Jamaica, Mazon no, 10189. HYMENOPHYLLUM LANATUM
Pig. 5, x1; fig. 6, vestiture, x 10; Jamaica, Maxon no. 9589.

The Gold Rush: A Fern Ally
Rauteu C. BENEDICT

Whether to ‘‘view with alarm’’ or to “‘point with
Pride”’ to the elevation to a position of economic im-
portance of a species under the jurisdiction of the Fern
Society is a question posed for members in a recent ad-
dress by a mining engineer. Fern lovers have hitherto
been able to claim that their interest in these plants was
unsullied by any ulterior motive. Fern study offers
Sttong incentives to those who love beauty of form and
eat for its own sake, and for the pleasure of searching
for it in its own haunts or of sheltering and preserving ©

128 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

it in shaded garden corners. Ferns offer no inducement
to those who must find some pecuniary profit as a reason
for their interest.

That ferns are completely without economic value is
not to be maintained. The fern lover points with toler-
ant interest to such oddities as the fern from which a
worm medicine is obtainable, or that from which fibers
for millinery purposes are derived by South Sea dandies,
or to the feeding of tree-fern trunks to hogs in the
Hawaiian Islands, or to the use of another fern as a
special food for native New Zealanders. Collected from
the back volumes of the JourNAL, a considerable number
of such particular uses could be assembled. Incidentally,
the report that canned fern greens are obtainable as a
substitute for spinach is being investigated. In general,
however, ferns of today may be said to have retired from
active participation in service to man, resting upon their
laurels—if this paradox may be admitted. It will be a
considerable time before their contributions—the many
millions of tons of coal made three hundred million years
ago or more—will have been completely used up.

The new claimant among ferns for economic considera-
tion was reported by Mr. Hans Lundberg of Toronto.
Speaking before the annual meeting of the American
Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, Febru-
ary 18, 1941, on ‘‘New Techniques in Geoexploration,”’
Mr. Lundberg reported on a variety of methods of ex-
ploration for gold and other metals. The current sig-
nificance of his address may be indicated by the fact that
some of these are referred to as ‘‘war minerals.’’ He
noted that ‘‘recently, more direct and truly qualitative
methods have been brought into a useful and practical
stage, and by the combined application of old and new
methods a technique has been developed which, it is
hoped, will be of the utmost importance in the search for

GoLtp Rusu: A Frern ALLY 129

these vital minerals.’’ It is in this connection that a
member of the fern group, broadly speaking, is involved.’

Referring to the fact that although older as well as
newer practical methods involving geophysical proce-

dures, magnetic and electrical methods, et alia had all

proved of value in some regions, he noted that these tech-
niques had failed completely in other cases and that their
practical use was sometimes very limited. The newest
methods described are an outgrowth of geochemical and
radioactive tests, by which the smallest traces of soluble
metals may be detected; even elements like gold, which
are highly insoluble, will dissolve sufficiently to allow

their presence to be recorded by the most delicate chemi-

eal tests. Thus, the soil and ground water of a given
region will contain recognizable amounts of any metals
present in the locality.

In pursuing these newest methods the first step is the
concentration of a sample of the water, to bring the
amount of dissolved substances to a more easily deter-
minable quantity. This is where our fern friend comes
into the picture. The common Horsetail, Equisetum
arvense, has a special acquisitiveness for gold in solution.
This selectivity is an expression of a familiar and uni-
versal botanical phenomenon known as ‘¢selective absorp-
tion.”? Plants growing with their roots tangled in the
same soil and bathed in the same soil water never contain
the same percentages of mineral constituents. Further-
More different plants select and often accumulate quan-
tities of elements to much higher percentages than these
are found in the soil in which they grow.

According to Mr. Lundberg: ‘‘Different plants con-

-Centrate gold at different rates; the largest gold content

has been found in the common Horsetail (Equisetum
__

copy of Mr, Lundberg’s address has been deposited in the

7A
library of the Fern Society.

130 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

arvense); almost 44 oz. gold per ton is on record.”
Though a percentage of 44 ounces per ton of Equisetum
might well represent ‘‘pay dirt,’’ a word of caution
should perhaps be inserted here. From the mining ex-
pert’s point of view this plant is counted of value pri-
marily as an ‘‘indicator,’’ to be analyzed by the most

careful chemical methods as a test for the presence of
- gold in solution in the soil water. In a letter Mr. Lund-
berg writes: ‘‘At the present time we are not interested
in ‘growing gold,’ but in the fact that the plant contains
a considerable amount of colloidal silica and has this un-
canny power of concentrating gold it is a subject worth-
while following further.’’ Equisetum arvense can not
concentrate gold when the latter does not exist in the
soil, so don’t start harvesting the heavy crops of this
scouring rush which often oceur on railroad embank-
ments! However, any mining engineers or metallurgists
included in the Fern Society membership may be inter-
ested to add to other phases of fern study tests of the
Equisetum arvense in their neighborhood. Perhaps
other species of Equisetum will prove to have a similar
selective capacity. In that case, the pages of the Jour-
NAL with the late Professor Schaffner’s extensive contri-
butions on the classification and distribution of the genus
Equisetum may come to have especial value as reference
literature in engineering libraries.

Looking a little farther ahead, one may perhaps antici-
pate that future dictionaries and encyclopedias will add
another entry to their references under the heading
“gold rushes.’’ For example, in sequence with ‘‘Gold
rush, California, 1849, ete.,”” ‘Yukon, 1898, ete.,’’ a new
entry may be expected, as follows: “Gold rush, a fern
ally, Equisetum arvense ; so called because of jts capacity
to accumulate gold in its tissues whenever this metal is
present in the substratum in any appreciable quantity.”

BrooKiyn Botanic GARDEN

AND BrooKLyn COLLEGE.

ee ey

FERN FiLorAs oF UNITED STATES 131

State and Local Fern Floras of the United States
S. F. Buake

(Conclusion)
MARYLAND (BB, G)

Plitt, CharlesC. The ferns and fern allies found in the vicinity
of Baltimore, Maryland. Journ. Maryland Acad. Sei. 2: 195-201.
1931 —Annotate d list.

“coma eae others. The plant life of Maryla
5383 pp., fg. 39 Me ine map). 1910. (Maryland Woather
Service. Bp ecial publication v. 3.)—Includes annotated list of
Pteridophyta (p. 38 weet biltiograph y.

*Tidestrom, Ivar. Ely marianum, Ferns and fern allies.
2ded. 63 3 pp., 9 pl. 1907. (Ed. 1, 56 wie Pak 1906.)—Briefly an-
os vee Raiaia., Maryland and Virginia, with keys and short

escriptio
MAssacHusetts (BB, G)

Bartlett, Mira W. Ferns. Bull. Haverhill Public Library 8
17-19, 1994 —Includes mostly unannotated lists of Filicineae Fh
Lycopodiaceae found in Haverhill. (Essex County.

*Churchill, Joseph R., st: others. coer on the flora of
Fapachusetts—1-I1. Rhodora 30: 12-19. 1928; 35: 351-359.

3.

hyta.
Clarkson, Edward H. Ferns of Newburyport, Massachusetts.
A. F, J. 19: 109-110, 1929,—Unannotated list of Filicineae. (Es-
-)

ale, Alfred S. A check list * a Sate! -worts)
the Connecticut River rshed in Massachusetts.
(ind ng “D

’ ,
fern display at the Berkshire Museum,
Pittsfield’ Mass ge 130-129, 1935.—Includes unan-
notated list of Procdcrkse from Berkshire County. 11:
0 eter. Another in fath locality.

rich ioe .
120-121, 1991 [1922] ——Running account of Filicineae of North
Adam: ms, Berkshire Count ys
n, ria L. Ferns of Mt. Toby, Massachusetts. Rhodora
Com) 1901—Running account of Filicineae. (Franklin
n

Robinson, John. ¢ Essex County, Mas
Inst. 7: 48054, 1875. See ae ees eyed ei (20)
mga - 1.6. 9: 98, 1877. tae list of ee
1880,“ o his The flor ra of —_ County, Massachusetts. 0 pp.

Mas
ow, Evelyn J. Ferns of northern Berkshire County,
chute A. ra J. 3: crs 1913.—Partly annals ated hist of
eridophyt t Greyl
tin 7 4 Burah m8. are pen rie lag north Berkshire
County. is 3: 121, 1913

132 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

MICHIGAN oe G)

Burnham, Stew: Fer. f Ann Arbor, Michigan. F. B.
12: tie 1904 pedir oe of Pteridophyta. (Washtenaw
Coun

*Dedze, © Charles K. The fern flora of Michigan. F. 20:
6-19. 1912.—Topography, ete.; Seen list of Plexidophyta—
eg lg Edwin D:’ Notes . Amer. Bot. 19: 1913.

aco A. Fern peehng TH, Ferns and fern ‘allies of

the Kewecnay Peninsula, Michigan. A. F. J. 27: 11-20. 1937.—
see one lis
ean: "Frank I heen ferns and their distribution at

benelie. Lake, Michigan. A. F, J. 6: 106-112, 1916—Climate,
nine Les ete. ; list of Pileinecy, groupe ed by habitat. (In Emmet
and Cheboygan Counties.) —See also Gates, Frank C., an

ers, n
Douglas Lake, Michigan. Papers Michigan Acad. Sci. 4: 183-
284, 1925.—Additions ...1. ¢. 8: 111-120. 1928; 13: 67-88.
1931.

MInNESoTA (BB, G, Rp)
See also Iowa ange

d King). :
Lyon, Harold L. The a rettsnhyiea of Minnesota. Minn. ~

Bot. Stud. 3: 245-255. 1903 -—Annotated list

*Rosendahl, Carl O., and Frederic K. Butt ers. ee to the
ferns and fern allies of Aas casts, 22 pp., illus 8 pl. 1909.
(Minnesota plant studies IIT Lat peemapanaten — to families,
genera, and species, with figure of each specie

Mississippi (S, Sf)
*Lowe, Ephraim N. Plants of oo. a list 3 —
slate wil fs s. Bull. Miss. State Geol. Sur 2 pp.
1921.—Ineludes (p. 59-64) Pair asnotated Yist ie Pieldaphytn

Missouri (BB, G)

Call, Richard me oT Site of the Ozark region of neg
Proe. Iowa Acad. 1: 15-16. 1889.—Running account of F
ee a in Shannon, eyo ds, and Texas Counties.

The ferns of northwestern Missouri. F. B.
19: rp ie, 1911 PBs ing list of Pteridophyta
res ist of t

A.
F. J. 5: 105-107. 1915—Topography, ete.; annotated list of “Fili-
ae a era
almer, dventures in fern collecting—ITI.
J. 30: 1-9, 1940 a ene (p. 7-9) annotated list of pies
of 4 asper County.

and Julian A. Steyermark. The ferns and fern allies
of Missouri. A. F. J. 22: 105-122. 1 fig., pl. 7. 1932 [1933]
family Teoeteceas in oe l. ec. 23: 65-66. 1933.—Additional

d
fern records from Missou 1, - a 1-6. 1935.—Topographical
regions, geology, ete. ; annotated }
*Pink Ma: zabeth. ee and fern allies of Mis-
souri. pebiacs Missouri Bot. Gard. 20: 45-77. f. 1 (map), pl. 4,

:

Fern Fioras oF UNITED STATES 133

fold. tab. 1933.—Annotated list with keys, short descriptions, and
citation of exsiccatae
- S. Fred. Some ges of the cave — of Stone County,
Missou ¥, B. 12: 72-77. 4.—Rocks, climate, etce.; annotated
list of Fiicineae from afte a Marble Cave gat be also his Fern
notes. A. F. J. 8: 4-8. 1918.
epee d Pail ‘CG. The ferns of Greene County, Missouri.

. 1916.—Geology, ete.; annotated list of Pteridophyta.
acindes ae region about Gr aydon Springs, Polk County.—See
also Bush, B. F. Sta naley’ s Ferns of Greene County, Mae. = 0,08
112-116. 1916.

Montana (F, N [part], R)

*Fitzpatrick, Thomas J. The fern flora of Monta: A B12
97-101. 1904 nc kbasieted list of Pteridophyta. es Graff,
Paul W. Unreported ferns from Montana. Bull. asl git 47:
. 1920; oa — on Graft’s paper by W[eatherby], C. A.

10: 89. 192

Standley, Paul o., ns of Glacier National Park, Montana.
A. F. J. 10: 97-110. ‘cay {1921].—Life zones, ete. ; annotated list
of Pteridophyta.

Nepraska (BB, R [western part], Rp)

*Fitzpatrick, Thomas J. The fern flora of ik ne ka. I- a
“a F. J. as Ra 33-44, 1920. foes Dept. Bot. Univ, Nebr. n
n Proe, Iowa Ac ad. Sei, 26 (1919 ): st 336, 1920,

annotated list of Pteridophyta.
iels F. Flora of Nebraska. A list of t the ferns,
= sabi — Pease gh plants of the state with keys for their deter-
3d ed. 220 pp. 192 93,—Annotated list including
Picridophyte (p. 9-13).

NEVADA
*Tidestrom, “Ka Flora of Utah — Pot Contr. U.
Nat. Herb. v. 25. 5Spp. 15 pl, map. Annotated, Mack
list including Pieris phyta (p- 43-52), as. Yatber by William R.
Max The floras of the two states are treated as a unit.

New Hampsuire (BB, G)

*Knowlton, Clarence H., Winfield S. Ripley, Jr., and Charles
- fd eatherby. Preliminary lists of New Engla nd een
do ra :

XX 3: 209. Me nS tii oy ah a boi
wash. ok : 2 ‘ —tTabular lists 0
l, e. 23: 209-220 poo Ak ond te

| Lycopo-
oglossaceae, Marsi ae, Salviniaceae, Equisetaceae, HYCO]
diaceae, and Sel: ginellaceae XX ) of Maine, N H sei
ont, Massachuset hode pours - C a showin

their presen ce or absence in each stat
tion in the area and cine ge oe —e See. The Tsoetaceae have
hot yet been treated in this

134 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Lewis, eae rs meat oe 7 Lewis. A list of ferns sun
in New Ham J. 11: 82-85, 1921 [1922].—.
notated list of iin Solteeiaa by ‘authors at 4 localities in pa

tral New Ham

Noyes, He jen u "Ferns of Alstead, New Hampshire. Rhodora
2: 181-185. 1900.—Running account of Filicineae. (Cheshire
County.)

NEw JERSEY fad G)

See also *Small, J. K., under New
Benedict, Ralph C. "Afield for he ha in Sussex County, New

Jersey. . FP. J. 19: 105-108. f. 6. 1929.—Includes unannotated list
of Filicineae collected at The se Branchville—See also his
Fern ing at Branchville orreya 29: 108-110. 1929.
* on. oop ge okey pe of Bane found in New
Fina Geol. Surv. w Jer 2: 27-642. 1889
{is00} Le taetdaas: . ey 3) ah list of sha mois
ollector’s list of New Jersey F. J.

6: ene 54, 1916 Sckpsetated list of Pteridophyta euiteeted ‘by een
with his localities.
ewis, Charles 8. Some ferns of northern New Jer
J. 14: 118-122. 1924 [1925] Ea ae list of Filicineae collected
os author in the limestone and lake region of north-central New
ersey,

Saunder ers, Charles F. Ferns in the New Jersey pine barrens.
F. B. 6: 21-23. 1898 —Running account of Pteridophyta.—See also
Stone, Witmer. The plants of southern New Jersey, with especial
reference to the flora of the pine barrens and the geographie dis
tribution of the species. Ann Rep N. J. State Mus. 1910: 2 23-828.
5 fig., 129 pl. 1911 [1912] gag so P ollinshead Martha H. Ferns
of the New Jerse rig 8 seh barrens. Torreya 38: 63-66. 1938. (Run-
ning account of Filicineae.

*Ta: ae beri Norman. Flora of ap: Mirrees of New York.
N.¥ sows me, pins 1915. ia otabel.
keyed list ineluding Pterdiphyta (p. 4 67); covers all of New
Jerse Con ri ea Island, We New York,
and pA saa Pennsylva:

New Mexico (N [northern part])

dley, Paul C. The ferns of Brazos Canyon, New Mexico.
A. B,J, 4: 109-114, pl. 1-2, 191 4.-Topography, ete.; annotated

strom, Ivar, and Teresita Kittell. A flora of — an on
- Xxvi, 897 pp., map. (Processed publication.)—
otated, keyed list of vascular plants, including Pte sPuncgp hs (p.
362-4 881), Rove latter by the junior author; range given

n, E er 0. The ferns of the Organ Mountains. Tor-
Count 3: 161-164. 1 1903.—Annotated list of Filicineae. (Dona Ana
nty.

d Paul ©, Standley. The ferns of New Mexico.
f AB Drab nia pl. 5-6. 1915.—Topography, ete.; annotated list
0 Tri

I aS eA Se Vesey Par,

Fern FuLoras oF UNITED STATES 135

New York (BB, G)

‘ier also Taylor, N., under New Jersey.
connie Ralph C. An Adirondack fern list. A, F. J. 6: 81-
85, 1 —Running account of Filicineae collected near the Fulton
iain of lakes, in Herkimer and gress Pc gens head also ad-
ander W.

sell, eas H. American Pore Y See oo "tthe e Syracuse
mi eting. F, J. 5: 118-120, 1915 ghia unannotated list of
Filicineae. Toddadn County.)
urnham, Stewart H. The ferns of the Lake ae flora, New
6:

York. A. F. J, ee s a. 1916; 7: 12-15, 54-63. 1917.—
eee iementary list 109-113. 1988 034 —Geology,
ete.; annotated list of ‘pisses Was , Warren, aa

- ratoga Remy with a few records Seag io ‘and Hamilto
Ounties, )

[Cheste er, Lavinia E.] Shelter Island ferns. F. B. 17:
1909.—Unannotated lie ve 16 Filicineae from Shuler Island, Sle
Island. (Suffolk Cou

Clute, Willard N. The ferns ee fern allies of the oe one
hanna valley. Re eprinted, with notes, from ‘‘ The flora of the
etichan ne 16 ap, 1See. ates yet list. (Mostly 3 in ith
ern New York, including the Chemung and Chenango valleys; also
parts of Bradford, Susquehanna, Tioga, and Wayne Counties,
Penn.)—See also Cleveland, Geor i T, Ferns of the upper Sus-
quehanna valley. F. B. 16: 101-103

» Philip. Distribution of ferns on Staten I _ Proe.

Staten Island Assoc, Arts & Sci. 1: 61-67. o. —Partly anno-
tated list of Filicineae. (Ri ichmond County.)—See also his Notes
on some Staten Island ferns. 1. ¢. 3: 163-168. i911 [1912].

Edson, Josephine Z. Fe rms of ose and adjoining counties,
New York. A. F. J. 18: 56-57, 87-93. 1928.—Annotated list of

*Gilbert, Benjamin D. The fern flora of New York. FB. 11:

97-105. 1903, —Plant zones, pes ; annotated list of Pteridop hyta—

ee also Hill J. Remarks on some fernworts of western New
04.

“House, Homer D. - Annotated list of the ferns and spend
Plants of New York state. N. Y. State Mus. cog 5-7 ys
1924, — aT eons to the fern flora of New York stat

eo
A ae e8—The 1924 publication ineludes “annotated. list
0 Beas; ‘ a
Knauz, tee mag Ferns ‘and elub-mosses at Little Moose age
ondack Mts. ‘Trillia 9: 41-42. 1930—Annotated list of

, Charl A. F. J. rs
wa 1926. —Running — oe ‘peridot of the region S

Seelye “Charle es Ww. '- list of the inutigenous ferns of the vicinity
of Rechcnter with notes. Proc. Rochester Ac og oss 1: - 86-197.

a ict tated
. N. Y. Hort. Soc. 37 (1892): 472-491. mr1898]) nno
list of Filicineae. (Monroe County.)

136 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Small, John K. Ferns of the vicinity of New York; being de-
scriptions of the fern py growing naturally within a Hay
miles of Manhattan Island. 285 pp. (inel. illus.), fold. map.
1935.—Botanical regions, ete. ; ; annotated descriptive account of
Pteridophyta, with keys. Covers all of Connecticut and New Jer-
sey, southeastern New York, and eastern Pennsylvania.

in the New York

Sioa den.
Journ. N. Y, Bot. Gard. 35: 148-151. 1 fig. (map). 1934.—In-

ul C. tchess Cou ork.

A.B, As 6: 1-7. 1916 stovegtichy: ete. ; seam e i' ay of Pteri-
dophy

Traylor, pla M. Some pteridophytes of the western Cats-

kills, A, J. 14: 85-88. 1924——Unannotated list of Pterido-
phyta rate near the village of Andes, - laware County.
Underwood, Fae cien M. The ferns of Scolopendrium Lake.

. 5: 53-54, 1897.—List of 34 specie of Filicineae within radius
of 1} miles, near Jamesville, Onondaga Cou nty.

sta Carotina (S, Sf)

omquist, Hug Ferns of North Carolina. xii, 131 pp.
sltus 1934. (D ee Baiesrnity publication.) —Annota ted, keyed
list “of Pteridophyta, with figure of each species ; centred bibliogra-
e critical review by E. T. Wherry, A. F. J. 25: 59-65.

———,, and Donovan §. Corr ha A county check list of North
Carolina Pain and fern allies. Journ. Elisha Mitchell Sei. Soc. 56:
63-105. map. 1940 Bd rie No list, with citation of exsiccatae
by counties.

gsess, Randolph. Ferns of the srs Mountain region.

Proc. West Virginia Acad, Sei. 8: 56-58. 1935.—Topography, etc. ;
annotated list of Filicineae, (Haywood County, chie

Coker, William C. Chapel Hili ferns and their allies.
Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soe = Speake 1908.—Annotated list "of
Pteridophyta, Fl hepa Cou

Earl H, A partial ge list of the me found i

Mountain Park and Roaring Gap region. Journ “nye ‘Mitel
Sei. Soe. 46; 69-71 0.—Unannotated list of Filiein (In
nein and iekeny Cocutien )—See review in A. F. J. ‘ re 22.

seta Dakota (BB [eastern part], R [western part], Rp)
coe eye te F. bios of North Dakota. Bienn. Rep.
Agr Coll. Sury h Dakota 6: 151-372. 1918. (Reprinted.)—
Includes aabohated: list of Ptaridepity te with eye (p. 362-366).
OxI0 (BB, G)
jHopkins, Lewis 8. The fern flora of Ohio. F. B. 15: 1-13.
1907 —Further notes on the fern hose of Ohio. A, F. J. 2: 115-
119.,1912.—Topography, ete.; annotated list of Pteridophyta.
Fes affine ry _ H. es pteridophytes = Pages Proe. Ohio
Sci. v. 5, pt. 5, spee. paper no. 16, p. 265-305, illus. 1910.
(Gonie Bot. Lab, Ohio State Univ, 52. Naty Laotet list, with keys

Fern Ftoras or Untrep States 137

and brief bie i Rang Pie also Braun, E.L. Ophioglossum Engel-
manni Pra Ohi F. J. 17: 138. 1927 kas oe lee
Schaffner, 7. = The "‘inabing fern discovered in Ohi F. J.
ont 186. 1932 [1933].

i _ ised — of Ohio vascular plants. ... Bull.
Ohio Biol. Surv. 25 (v. 5, no, 2): 87-215. 3 maps. 1932, (Ohio
State Univ. Bull. v. 36, no. 9.)—Additions . . . I-VIII. In Ohio
i i ith C.

; ( . VIII
Ny H. Jones).—Annotated list including Pteridophyta (p. 99-

Taylor, Mrs. Joseph D. Ferns of southeastern Ohio. F. B
78-81. 1900. aime: account of Filicineae near Cambridge
Guernsey Coun

ickers, Ern oe t W. A list of the ferns of Mahoning County
with special reference to Mill oieek Park. Ohio Nat. 10: 86-88.
1910.—Annotated list of Filicinea

OKLAHOMA (S [all id area west of 100° W.L.])

*Bush, Benjamin F. Fer f Oklahoma. Amer. Midl. Nat.
12: 91-112. 1930 PE eee nic ar ‘xporations, topography, botanical
regions; regen list of Pteridop Patties h citation of exsic-

catae.—See revie ta "20: 07199, 1930.—Also Little,
a Jr. Asilaniice pinnatifidum Nutt. in Oklahoma. 1. ¢. 22:
1932,

*Peatherly, Henry I., and Clara S. Russell. The ferns - Mead
homa. Oklahoma Agr. E . Stat. Cire. 80. Revised. 24 pp., 42 fig.,
pl. 1939.—Annotated, keyed list of Filicineae, with brief deserip-
tions and citation of localities and collec

Greene, ber C. Ferns of the Guan Nation, Oklahom:

J. 8: F —Running account * Bteridophyta,
(N orth-central Suahook south to Arkansas Rive
ittle, Elbert L., Jr. Bryophytes and pteridophytes roi some

west central Oklahoma eatns Proe, Oklahom 6:
47-52. 1936.—Includes (p. 51-52) annotated list ‘of Y Peatidopkrta.
(Caddo, Canadian, and Custer Coun

sk ae pteridophytes of Prag He County, Oklahoma.

23: 91-93. 1933.—Geology, ete.; aren list.—See also
ahoma.

ee
his Flora of Muskogee County, Oklah . Midl. Nat. 19:

369-389, 1938. aaa geer pea ot nee )
Agree Thomas d Wi y' klahoma flora.
494 "1937 j-—Annotate, keyed, desexiptivn flora,

inelain oP id yt a 1-21, fig. 1 40).
g Pteridophyta -
erry, E ar a at Dripping Sprin g, Oklahoma. A. F.
J. 18: 61-63. 1928 : eee ete.; annotated list of Filicineae.
(Ottawa County.)

OrEGon (A, F)
*Peck, Morton E. A manual of ee higher - = Caper:
66 pp., front. ‘illus map. 1941.—Deseriptive flora of vase
plants, With koe toeatnsand of Pteridophyta (p. 43-57) by J. W.

oa at

Tho
Uni rsity of Oregon Herbarium. A popular description va the
common Oregon ferns... Univ. Oregon Bull. n.s., y. 11, no, 2.

138 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

29 pp., illus. 1913.—Briefly annotated list of Filicineae, with key.

Deseriptions taken from . thesis by Hannah M. Kenworthy, Bae
wings by Ruth M. Howell, catered work and photo-

areiti By Abert R. Sreectecr —See also record of Adiantum jor-

dani by Nelso . F. J. 8: 16-17. 1918.

” ‘The ferns of Crater Lake N ational Park. A. F. J

2

I. a er
ake National Park. 1. ¢, 22: 225-314. 3 ‘i. 1939. (Includes anno-
tated list of Pteridophyta.)

PENNSYLVANIA (BB, G)
its: also Taylor, N., under New J ersey ; Clute, W. N., under New
Yor

Be ell, Frank. The ferns of Greene County, Pennsylvania. Casta-
nea 4: 5-6, oe —Running account of Pter eridophyta.
ax, Ferns of Lake ba r ee and vicinity, Wayne
County, Pennsylvania. te eB 5. 1939.—Additions ve
the fern flor 4 6: sha i37-138 i9%0, aa i ete.; ann
tated list of Pteridoph
alvin L, pee and fern allies i Me the ie anetie Fleet-
wood pei sbben County, Sanaicci 41-49, 89-
98. 194 40.—To opography, ete.; 3 annotated ey ~Additional forms of
ferns in the Kutztown-Fleetwood area. Pa 1. aoe
Hop wis S. The

a

oc, West. Penn. Publ. 3. 130 pp., illus. i914—Annotated
list of Pteridophyta with = deseriptions, and mention of addi-
tional species known fromm estern Pennsylvania.—Essentially the
same information in pansuead form is given in his The pterido-
phytes of Allegheny Goauty. Or Us 11-4,
- of the ferns found in the vicinity of Ohio Pyle,
Pa, F. J. 101-103. 191 Sills Toweateaks. ete.; unannotated
list of Pteridophyta Al aprs County.

Jellet ‘oe ob Cc. of the Wissahickon valley.

5: 87-91. ~Topograpts, ete.; running account of Filicineae.
(Montgomery Coun y.)
Porter,

"6. talogue of the Bryophyta (hepatics,
anthocerotes and mosses) Pr Pterido stat ag (fern and fern- he
found in Pennsylvania. 66 6 pp. 1904 me giao annotated li
Pteridophyta (p. 54-66), with ge reco
Ferns in the eke of Navakre. ee

Laurel Hill Mountains, aarp of icone Trillia 8-39.
1925.—Annotated list of ef ptecars hee. the fori allies iy 0. E.
Jennings. (Westmoreland Cou

Poyser, A. The i flora of Pennsylvania F fer fas
65-83. 1909 -—Topography, ete.; annotated list of Pterido
See also Gress, Ernest M., and H B. Kirk. Some recent recor
of Pennsylvania ferns, secoucaal and en Proc. Pen
Acad. Sci. 8: B0-04. _ 1984. —Also Wherry, E. T. Notable Pennay!-
vania ferns. 1. e. 11: 52-54, 1937.

Eye OME ma aA a

FERN F.Loras or UNrtTep STATES 139

Pretz, Harold W. Flora of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania—I.
Bull, Torrey Club 38: 45-78. map (in text). 1911—Topography,
geo ogy, botanical explorative annotated list of Pteridophyta.

nger, Louise F. A. Ferns ree fern allies of Lancaster County,
Rouneyivnsis, 1931 and 1932. . F, J. 23: 13-18. 1933.—Soils,
etc.; annotated list
RHopE ISLAND (BB, G)

See aia C. H., under Ne . Hampshire.

*Wri t, Kenne th E., and Dorothy L. Crandall. Rhode Island
ferns, “Toreye 41: 73- 15. 1941.—Unannotated list of Filicineae ;
bibliography

Sout Carouina (S, Sf)

Bragg, Laura M. nliestiorast list of the sag of ray: —
region of South Carolina north of Charleston. A. F.
1914.—Botanical explorations, ete.; annotated list of “Pterido:

Tw

phyta.—See also Wherry, E. T. 0 caleareous-soil ferns in lower
South Carolina. In oe Fern field iotes, 1936. 1. ¢. 26: "127. 1936.
nab eee per The ferns and f ern allies of —_ Poa

lin Eee. da 128. map. 1940-41; ai: #11. 941.—
jee rae list, oer citation of localities and collecto

SoutH DAKOTA Aap: [eastern part], N [Black Hills],
Ha western part], Rp)
*Ove $0 of South Dakota. An illustrated
yoged ist oe ‘lowering cia shrubs and trees of South Dakota.
pp. ; illus., pl. 1932. cua gastated list including Pteridophyta
tb. 11-13).
TENNESSEE (8, Sf)

*Anderson, William A., Jr. The ferns of Tennessee, Uni
Tenn, Record, Ext. Ser. v. 6, no. 1. 40 pp., 13 fig. 1929.—-Anno-
tated list 2” list of Filicineae, of a popular nature.

A list of Tennessee ferns. A. F. J. 20: 143-150. 1930
[1 1931], 3 21: 11-20, 64-71, 1931. er nna ist ‘of Filicineae;
= El

1 rs Teas
artoo, Do A a day’s trip—Tenn A. F. J. 27:
"teas 1937—Ineludes anannotated list of Pteridophyta ee Putnam
nt
Chester

nty.
Endsley, J. R. A preliminary es of the ferns of
ounty, Tennessee. Journ. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 10: a . 3 fig.

eM ng ete.; annotated list 9 Filicine

ome ferns from Decatur and Hardin Contin Tennes-

° n. Tenn. Acad. Sci. 12: 235-236. 1937.—Rocks, ete. ; anno-

etd list Of Pterido
Me T.

h
oO. . Pome found in the vicinity of Sewanee.
Tenn, Acad. Sci. 2: 66-68. 1917.—Unannotated list of Wilistacos:
(Franklin County.)

So

140 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Shaver, Jesse M. Vacationing among Tennessee ferns. A. F. J.
27: 73-90. pl. 4. 1937.—Ineludes list of Pteridophyta collected, with
localities; bibliography.

Texas (S [west to 100° W.L.])

Bush, Benjamin F. A list of the ferns of Texas. Bull. Torrey
cub 30: 343-358. 1903. a Ditanin al explorations ; cinclaie a list of
Filicineae, with citation of exsiccatae.

*Cory, Victor L., and Harris B. Parks. Fa aro of the a
. Te

er, — J. Ferns of the Davis Mountains, western

A, F. J. 17: 77-85. 1927.—Topography, ete.; annotated

eye of Proridophyte. (Jeff Davis County.)—See also his Addi-
tional notes on Texas ferns. 1. ¢. 20: 138-142. ee [1931]. (In-
~ nig additions to sea Stonintana list, and a list of Filicineae
a. ee

ins. )
Pee rido ophyta. A. F. J. 9: 17-22, 50-56, 81-85

1919 Br fy alimate, ete. ; annotated list of Pteridophyta collected
by author cdg most parts of the state except the area west of t
Pecos Riv

*Reve reho The fern flora of Texas. > 33-38.
1903 Botanica A agleeas etc.; annotated list of Petiephyte.

fernless area. A, F. J. 17: 63-64. i

The only sieiwlaniats found in two days’ collecting around Browns-

ville, Cameron County, by J. K. Small, Robert Runyon, ans the
aii was Marsilea onan,

Uran (N [eastern part], R)
No separate state flora or fern flor e *Tidestrom, I., under
Nevada. Species new to Utah are recorded by Garrett, Albert ee
Asplenium viride and Cryptogramma stelleri in Utah. .F. J. 1
27-28. 1926; Azolla caroliniana Willd. in Utah. 1. ¢. 16: 98. 1926.

VERMONT (BB, G)
See also *Knowlton, C. H., under New Systane
Albert LeRoy. Ferns of a deep r ars in Thetford,
Vermont. Rhodora 2: 229-230, 1900 Running account of Pteri
bes dope .Orates County.
e, Sidney F. Notes on the ferns of the Champlain Valley.
A. F.d. hy 115-119. 1914.—Running account of Pteridophyta col-

eet by author in vicinity of Burlington, Essex J pisos and
wanton

David, Walter W. bal of the Lake Dunmore region, Salis-
ury, Vermont. Bull. n Soc. Nat. Hist. 62: 3-11. 3 fig.
1932.—Topography, crs ; “mannotate, Pg list of Filicinea

on County.)—See revi A. P. J. 22: 52. 1932 (adds

Asplenium platyneuron),

Dole, Ele

J., ed. The flora of Vermont. 3d rev. ed. An

Fern Fioras oF UNITED STATES 141

annotated list of the ferns and seed plants of the state of Vermont.
Compiled by a committee of the Vermont Botanical Club. xiv, 353
pp., port. 1937.—Includes Ptetidophiyis (Dp; “18).

W. The fern flor.

*Eggleston, Willa: ora of Vermon
33-41. 1905.—Botanical — fh gy localities, ete. ; ; secastend
list of Pteridophyta.—See also Gilman, Clarabel. Two ferns new
to th of Verm Rhodora 7: 103-1 05

ont i :
ugg, Harold G. Vermont, the fern lover’s paradise. A.
83-93. 1912 iach: account of many of the rarer or more
eectesting Filici rg
n, Margar A rich fern locality. F. B. 6: 51. 1898.—
List Of 39° ome a 8 varieties of Filicineae from near Pittsford,
ee: Cou

, Carri e E. Ferns of rig aie and Nebraska Notches.
Plant. World 6 ae 180-181. Be 24, —Running account of Fili-
ineae. te Mansfiel

Te , ana ferns. F. B. 6: 7-8. 1898.—More about
the ferns of Dots 1. ¢, 13: 84-85. 1905. & caditional Dorset ferns.
: 1907.—List of 55 species and rg ies of Filicineae
Gaclading additions) from Dorset, Bennington County—See also
Allan, The Pabeai bien of Dors et, Veruiok Bull. Vt.

9 Club, 3: 17. a

slow, Evelyn J. Wi loughby Lake, Vt., a candidate for the
title of ‘‘richest apes loeality.’’ A. F. J. 9: 107-109. 1919
[1920 ].—Com ries ison with other rich localities, with aig es oy

of Filicineae. rleans County.)—See also are — mA. F,
121. 1921 r1990), , adding Athyrium angustifoliu

Vireinia (BB, G)

See also Me “ate, L., under Maryland.

Lewis, John B — Arthur B. Massey. Ferns and fa allies
of vale Coun onty, abate Sidseoe Journ. Sei 26-29.
1940.— So ils, ete.; annotated li

hur B., and povet P. Carroll. Ferns and fern

Mountain Lake , Virginia. Claytonia 5: ar 8. 1 fig. 1939. Bacon
list.)

1 almer, W: . spe: ferns of enon Bluff. pho sth 2:
43-147, 1 fig, 1899.— graphy, ete.; running a
cineae. 1a Potomac eer ees of Scott Bun, i in Fairfax
County. emt)

s of the Dismal Swamp, Virginia Proc. Bio es —
Wash, 1: 13: 61. “10. pl. 1. 1899.—Habitats, ete. ; ‘annotated 0

Fili
uae F, J. 5: 108-113.

ee a

142 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Beda hyta (not complete in some genera), showing nomencla-
orial Sitios made ines 4 issue of Gray’s Manual (ed. 7) in 1908.
Multigraphed.
@ Wierty. hil T. Some fern finds in Virginia. A. ise 15
1-7. pl. 1-2. 1925. gi i simulata and other species and
ied new or rare in Virginia——See also his Further paipereosr 2/8:
of the Alleghany cliff- he “ c. 19: 101-102. 1929. (Woodsia
se paliha, new to Virginia.)

WASHINGTON (A, F)

Brockman, Christi rank. Ferns of Mt. ee National
Park. Mount Waites Nat, Park Nature Notes v. in no 4 pp.,
illus, 1937—Annotated descriptive account of By adeehyie with

ey.— (Mimeographed.)—See also Jones, George N. The flowering

plants and ferns of Mount Rainier. Univ. Wash, Publ. Biol. v. 7.
192 pp., 9 pl. 1938. (Includes annotated list of Pteridophyta,
with keys and girs ar po li=29,

*Flett, John B. The fern flora of Washington. F. B. 11: 79-
85. 1903 Botanical regions, ete.; annotated list of vicsidepkaaes
See also oe tick, T. J. No tes on the ferns of Washington.

1904,

1, ¢. 12: 108-110.

*Frye, The odore eZ and M ary M. Jackson. The ferns an Wash-
ington. A. F. J. 3: 65-83, 97-108, pl. 1-4, 6-8. 1913; 4: 7-14,
41-57. pl. 9-21. 1914.—Ke yed eae al ‘of Plesidapieyta, with
figure of each species; general e given, but not local range.

*Piper, Charle ee eG of “he. ae vot Washington. Contr.
U. 8. Nat. arts: v. 7 pp., 2 map. 1906 tia list
eee Prerdophgta o. p. 7080 wath citation of —

John W: § Washington fern no ee 7
J. a1: "L712. pl. 1 1931. —Ann Seated list of ory hyta co

eo on Mount Dales Mount Rainier, Mount Angeles, and soni

West Virginia (BB, G)

*Brooks, Maurice G. The See of West Virginia.
West Virginia Univ. Bull. ser. 39, 2. . 16 pl. 1938.
(Contr, Herb. West Virginia Univ. n ‘e )—Amotated, keyed list,
with descriptions, and local range on counties—See also Wherry,
E. T. Recent fern finds in West Virginia.’ Castanea 4: "e4. 2 fig.

1939.

Gray, Fred W. Ferns of eastern West Vi irginia, II. A. F. J
14: 1-13. pl. 1-2. 1924—Annotated list of Filicineae from alas
mers, Monroe, Greenbrier, and Pocahontas Counties.

WISCONSIN (BB, G)
See also Iowa (Pammel and Kin
en, M., Sister. Some ferns of southw estern Wisconsin. Tra
Wise. Acad. Sei. 21: 249-250. 1924—Annotated list of pierido:
phyta from vieinity of oe si Grant ee ie
Ru of Lake Spooner. F. J. 7: 64-65.
1917.—Unannotated list < of Vitichness, (Washbura County.)

OPHIOGLOSSUM IN FLORIDA 143

Ferns of the Dells of nes Ph ah River .
trated w with segs by Evalin . Benne - and Blanchard
Harper. 61 pp., 1910 Srbeiiate etc.; annotated ee
tive list of Paizineae with photograph’ of be poy, (Nea

Kilbourn, Sauk Cou unty.)

*Steil, William N., and Albert M. Fuller. Ferns and fern-allies
in as A. F. J. 18: 105-114. f. 9-10 (incl. map). 1928; 19:
1-10. 1929 special bag sng: ete.; annotated list, say citation of
* oe Hiei by e¢ any of the spec ies—See, Potions
R. M., Jr. N dhe. re oo ie of Wiknoneia. LG, Ce. pl. 1
1939

*Tryon, Rolla M., Jr., Norman C. Fassett, etna sa ea
and Melvin E. Diemer. The ferns and fern alli
v, 158 pp., 214 fig., pl., 76 maps. 1940. ag tated ‘cseriptive ist,
with keys, and oe of each species,

P:
ag RS ei 94-95,

Wyomine (F, N, R)

*“Hanna, Leo A. Distribution of the ferns of Wyoming.
J. 22: 1-11. map. ee Ph woe keyed list of Polypodiaceae,
wae net i of specim
dric L. “The pteridophytes of Wyoming. Torreya
32: 116-118. 1932. —Annotated list.

Habitats and Distribution of Ophioglossum
in Florida

Epwarp P. St. JoHN

The center of distribution of the genus Ophioglossum
in the United States is undoubtedly in Florida. Studies
of the writer, made during the last five years, have dem-
onstrated the presence of at least nine species in the cen-
tral part of the state. Descriptions and a key to the
recently discovered species are in preparation. Mean-
while the following notes will put on record certain facts
in the life histories of the species which have been ob-
served during these years of intensive study, and may be
of service to students of ferns who visit Florida. .

Most of the species differ notably from the familiar
Adder’s-tongue of the northern states, 0. vulgatum.

144 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Several are much smaller, bearing spores when no more
than an inch in height. Most of them when in full
growth bear several leaves, and in each of three species
seven functioning leaves have been found upon a single
rootstock. Seasonal growth is very rapid; in some spe-
cies spores may be shed within three weeks of the first
appearance of the leaves. The development of the plant
from the spore is much more rapid than reported for
O. vulgatum. Though a definite statement. cannot be
made, several lines of evidence lead the writer to believe
that in several species the young plants may produce
fertile leaves the second year. In two species vegetative
reproduction is frequent and very extensive; in two
others it is at least occasional.

Except in coldest weather the time of appearance of
the leaves seems more dependent upon an abundant sup-
ply of moisture than upon temperature, but in spite of
prolonged drought a normal succession of species is ap-
parent. In central Florida late December usually brings
two or three nights of frost, and from that time until
the last of February it is unusual to find plants of any
species. By March 1 O. Engelmanni begins to thrust up
sterile leaves; fertile leaves appear two or three weeks
later and may be collected until about August 1. ‘‘O.
floridanum,’’ which is perhaps a subspecies of O. petio-
latum, appears in April, and is common until June, and
again during the autumn months. OQ. crotalophoroides
has about the same periods of growth. During April
O. dendroneuron and O. ypanemense show themselves in
the damper habitats, but in drier places are sometimes
delayed until the heavy rains of June. If moisture is
sufficient, the first of these remains in growth as late as
December. Larger plants which resemble O. ellipticum
of the American tropics do not appear until June and
have not been collected after August 1; they are perhaps
a large variety of O. dendroneuron. O. tenerum and O.

aati

OPHIOGLOSSUM IN FLORIDA 145

macrorhizum rarely come into growth before June, and
are more abundant in late summer and in autumn. 0.
mononeuron is commonly associated with O. tenerum in
the drier habitats but sometimes appears several weeks
earlier. A plant which appears to be specifically differ-
ent from those mentioned above, and which is apparently
undeseribed, has been collected several times during the
winter months, but as yet its status and life history are
undetermined. The rare epiphytic O. (Cheiroglossa)
palmatum may be collected in the few remaining stations
throughout the year. Most of the new leaves are pro-
duced during the rainy season, which ends about Septem-
ber 1, but spores are shed in late winter or spring.

On the basis of preference for particular types of soil
the species may be roughly divided into two groups.
The larger number are found in the more or less acid
soil about the margins of shallow ponds in the low pine-
woods (‘‘flatwoods’’), or in roadside ditches or shallow
excavations where decaying vegetation has washed in,
producing similar conditions. In this group belong 0.
dendroneuron and the larger related form, 0. ypane-
mense, O. macrorhizum, O. tenerum, typical O. crotalo-
phoroides, and O. mononeuron. O. Engelmanni and a
well-defined subspecies of O. crotalophoroides show a
strong preference for calcareous soil. 0. floridanum
grows freely in both kinds of soil, but is more frequent
and produces larger and denser colonies by vegetative
reproduction in calcareous clay or among limestone frag-
ments.

Although prolonged drought brings cessation of
growth in all species, the degree of moisture that is re-
quired during the active period varies greatly. The
plants that prefer acid soil are commonly found in areas
that are subject to flooding during the rainy season,
sometimes for months at a time; in such places they often

146 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

appear sparingly just in advance of the rising waters,
but are most abundant as the waters retreat toward the
lower ground. QO. tenerum, O. mononeuron, and typical
O. crotalophoroides are rarely found below high water
mark, and commonly grow in openings among the saw
palmettos (Serenoa) above that level. The calciphilous
species occupy drier habitats, ees appear earlier in the
moister portions.

As a group, Ophioglossums are plants of the open
lands. Only O. Engelmann, O. floridanum, and the
subspecies of O. crotalophoroides are frequently found
under the shade of trees or shrubs, while the typical O.
crotalophoroides sometimes seeks the rather dense shade
of the shrubby saw palmettos. Most of the others grow
among grasses and other moisture-loving plants, but not
in turf or under tall weeds. The very small plants of
O. macrorhizum and O. mononeuron are found only in
bare ground, in openings among the more robust plants,
where they get direct sunlight. 0. tenerum, which is
often little larger, is found in similar situations but does
stray into the light shade of taller grasses. These condi-
tions of light and shade sometimes exist only during the
relatively brief period when the plants are in active
growth.

As is true of the northern Botrychiums, several species
of Ophioglossum are commonly associated in the same
habitat, perhaps because the same species of fungus is
able to establish the necessary symbiotic relation with
all. Except in case of the plants that require calcareous
soil, it is unusual to find one species growing alone. In-
one especially varied habitat six species have been found
within the space of two or three acres. Commonly two
or three species inhabit the same area, though they may
not all be in growth at the same time. When a colony
has been found, the collector will find it wise to note
marked variation in the appearance of the plants, and

OPHIOGLOSSUM IN FLORIDA 147

to search adjacent areas where degrees of shade and
moisture are somewhat different.

The Ophioglossaceae are the most primitive of living
ferns, and in most respects are poorly equipped to com-
pete with higher plants. Under natural conditions they
are widely but very sparingly distributed through cen-
tral and northern Florida, yet one who studies. them in
the field soon recognizes adaptations that have enabled
them to continue until this time their losing struggle for
their place in the sun. They are so small that they can
reach mature growth in very limited areas of unoccupied
soil. The swollen rootstocks, and in some species the
thick and abundant roots, store prepared nourishment ;
and when a cycle of growth begins, its progress is so
rapid that a plant may shed its spores before the coarse
grasses about it produce unfavorable shade. The two
species that grow on the palmetto plains actually profit

y the annual or more frequent burning-over that has
long been so destructive of plant life in Florida. The
rootstocks are buried so deeply that they are uninjured,
whereas larger and stronger competing plants are killed
or greatly retarded.

It is a striking fact that in case of several species the
plants are rarely collected save in artificial habitats, such
as abandoned phosphate mines, excavations made in
Securing road material, and roadside ditches, although
in these places they are often very abundant. Clausen,
in his monograph of the Ophioglossaceae (p. 172), sug-
gests that this peculiar distribution, together with the
fact that until recently the presence of these plants in
Florida has been unknown, may indicate recent intro-
duction. The correct explanation seems to be, however,
that these excavations remove the competing plants and
at the same time provide exactly the right degree of
moisture.

148 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

The point is of sufficient interest to warrant elabora-
tion. In the very extensive ‘‘flatwoods’’ or ‘‘low pine-
woods’’ of Florida the water table is very high, often
within a foot or two of the surface. In grading roads
through these regions soil is taken from the occasional
low knolls along the right of way. These excavations are
carried down to the water level and then abandoned.
Within a few years they become ideal habitats for Ophio-
glossum. If there are a few plants in the vicinity, the
speed with which their progeny occupy the new habitat
is amazing. In one such excavation, the history of which
is well known to the writer, a careful estimate based upon
numerous measurements and countings showed that six
years after the ground was first broken the number of
plants of O. dendroneuron within an area of one acre was
not far from 100,000. Such colonies are sometimes
nearly or entirely exterminated within a few years, as
the stronger plants come in and renew the competition.

If the writer can be of further service to serious stu-
dents of these plants who may visit Florida he will be
glad to do so, in so far as circumstances permit.

Recent Fern Literature

Hermann Nessel, known for some time as a student of
the club-mosses, has published a general treatment? of
the Lycopodiaceae (except the little Australasian genus
Phylloglossum), with descriptions of the 700 or so species,
varieties, and forms he recognizes and_ illustrations
(chiefly photographs of herbarium specimens) of 89 of
them. His ground-plan of classification follows closely
that proposed by Herter. He recognizes two genera,
Urostachys (including, in our flora, Lycopodium Selago
and L. lucidulum) and Lycopodium proper (all our

1 Nessel, H. Die Birlappgewiichse (L J Gus-
tav Fischer, 1939. 404 oo ao at nation Bee

*

ee ee ae

SE ne Pe aR.” Dt" SOAS Mae See ee Maes oe ap i ea eh

REcENT FERN LITERATURE 149

species with differentiated fruiting spikes), and a con-
siderable number of subordinate groups under each.
His treatment of species, at least those with which I am
familiar, is conservative, even conventional; but when
he comes to varieties and forms he lets himself go. There
are 45 of them under L. clavatum, 44 under L. cernuum,
and lesser but considerable numbers under other species.
What we know as L. tristachyum he divides between two
varieties of L. complanatum; and the well-marked Amer-
ican L. complanatum var. flabelliforme is likewise placed
(mistakenly) under two European varieties.

It is a pity that Nessel’s work was not better done.
The last comprehensive descriptive treatment of Lyco-
podiaceae was Baker’s, in 1887. The family has never
had an index like the Index Filicum. A really thorough
and accurate revision, with good keys and synonymy
which would properly place existing names, as does that
in Britton & Rose’s Cactaceae for that family, would have
had especial value. Nessel falls far short of that. His
bibliography and nomenclature are almost unbelievably
careless and inaccurate. His keys are badly put together
and difficult to follow. His descriptions are better; they
make one feel that there is a substratum of genuine
knowledge beneath the surface crudities.

Nessel’s work is not for the inexperienced; with its
blundering technique, it is pretty sure to lead them into
confusion and error. But it contains much information,
and in the hands of experts may serve as a more or less
useful stop-gap until a really adequate monograph of the
Lycopodiaceae is written —C. A. WEATHERBY.

A recent work on plants used in popular medicine in
Uruguay mentions five species of ferns so employed.
They are: Polystichum adiantiforme, ‘*Calaguala 5
Equisetum ramosissimum (according to Prof. Schaffner’s
treatment E. giganteum would be meant), ‘‘Cola de Ca-

150 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

ballo’’; Adiantum cuneatum and A. Poiretii, ‘*Culan-
trill’? ; and Anemia tomentosa, ‘‘Doradilla.’? With the
first species, the juice of the fresh root is rubbed on the
gums to check loosening of the teeth. In the other cases
decoctions are used for a variety of diseases, chiefly of the
throat and genito-urinary system..—C. A. WEATHERBY.

Almost since the beginning, the classification of ferns
has swung back and forth between the ‘‘lumpers’’ and
the ‘‘splitters.’’ As has been pointed out, recent mor-
phological and phylogenetical investigation, with the
emphasis it has placed on characters other than those of
fructification on which the more conservative systems
were chiefly based, has greatly encouraged the splitters.
This has been particularly the case in the Orient, where
Japanese and Chinese pteridologists have been busy for
some years dividing up families and genera.

With each successive paper from Dr. Ching, some tra-
ditional group suffers dissection. In the two latest which
have come to our notice, Christensenia is separated from
Marattiaceae and Helminthostachys from Ophioglossa-
ceae and a new family erected for each; and the dismem-
berment of the tropical genus which we have come to
know as Tectaria is begun. Dr. Ching restricts this
name to the immediate group of its type species, 7. trt-
foliata, and revives Aspidium for the group of T. cicu-
tarta. This is done with no discussion beyond the bare
statement that T. cicutaria ‘‘is hardly congeneric with
Aspidium trifoliatum (L.) Sw. which I take here as the
type of the genus’’—a very good example of the method
of splitting by the mechanical raising to generic — of
subgenera already defined by others.

Whatever the taxonomic situation, no amount of argu-
ment can justify the taking up of Aspidium. As de-

Gonzalez, Mathias, Atilio Lombardo y Aida J. Vallarino.
Ptantes de la Medicina Vulgar del Uruguay.

REcENT FerRN LITERATURE 151

limited by its author at the time of publication (1801),
it included elements now generally assigned to ten dif-
ferent genera, no less than five of which had already
received tenable names—Oleandra Cavanilles (1799),
Tectaria Cav. (1799), Polystichum Roth (1799), Dryop-
teris Adanson (1763), and Athyrium Roth (1799).
Aspidium, therefore, is quintuply illegitimate under
Article 59(1) of the Rules of Botanical Nomenclature
and cannot properly be used for anything. Even if it
could, Schott’s choice of A. trifoliatum as type, made
when, with full and careful statement of characters, he
divided Swartz’s composite genus in 1834, and accepted
by Presl (1836), implicitly by most authors since and
explicitly by Christensen in the Index Filicum, ought not
to be disturbed except for very weighty reasons. If the
group of Tectaria cicutaria is to be separated off as a
genus, Sagenia Presl (1836) is the correct name for it;
Aspidium should be left as an exact synonym of Tec-
taria..—C. A. W

‘“Weeds and Weed Seeds,’’ published by the Seed
World, Chicago, lists Marsh-fern, Bracken and Horsetail
(Equisetum arvense) among poisonous plants—poison-
ous, however, only to grazing animals. Both Bracken
and Horsetail have figured in the past in manuals of
poisonous plants, but I do not recall having seen Marsh-
fern in such company before. It is said to be a contami-
nant in marsh hay and to cause illness in livestock if
present in any considerable quantity. Control by grub-
bing out rootstocks and draining is recommended—seem-
ingly a great exertion to cure a small evil—C. A. W.

n tropical Asia. Bull. Fan

]
te ee ee ae Big Bo and combinations of

R.
Mem. Inst. ps e 228. 1941. Ne
ferns. Op. cit. 235-256.

152 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

American Fern Society

In Horticulture for October 15, 1941, note is taken of
the ‘‘Field trips to fern gardens’’ from the FERN JoUR-
NAL, which appeared about September first. Special
interest is expressed in the prospective list of a winter
season for fern gardens in Florida and other southern
states. Horticulture, edited by Mr. E. I. Farrington,
has headquarters at Horticultural Hall, Boston, whic
was the site a score of years ago of what has been prob-
ably unique for this country, a large show devoted almost
exclusively to ferns. England formerly had many such
exhibitions.

More Tries To Fern GArDENS—The note in the last
number of the Journau has brought in a good deal of
correspondence, as a result of which additional northern
- gardens will be listed when the season is again favorable
for visiting them. One response from Bowman’s Hill
State Wild Flower Preserve at Washington Crossing
Park, Pennsylvania, consists of three bulletins, in which
various trails are mentioned. One of these, the ‘‘Edgar
T. Wherry Trail,’’ has 70 of the 80 species of ferns and
fern allies native to Pennsylvania.

Of particular interest at this time are two additional
fern gardens in Florida, which may be visited by those
who have the good fortune to make a southern trip. The
addresses are: Dr. E. L. Dow, 8 Golf View Road, Palm
Beach, Florida, and Mrs. E. Peterson, R. D. 3, Box 84,
Miami, Florida. Mr. Maurice Broun writes that his re-
turn to Florida this winter is at present uncertain. Mrs.
Diddell’s fern garden, Jacksonville, is in a state of
development.

Prospective visitors are requested to inquire in advance
as to a convenient time for visits.

AMERICAN FERN Society 153

THE New Jersey Fievp Trip.—On the morning of
September 28 twelve cars convened at a crossroad near
Culver Lake, Sussex County, for the scheduled visit to
Bear Swamp, near Lake Owassa. Some 30 members and
friends of the Fern Society and of the Torrey Botanical
Club, by which organizations the trip was jointly spon-
sored, foregathered with representatives from Jackson-
ville, Florida, Washington, D. C., Philadelphia, Laneas-
ter, and Morrisville, Pennsylvania, Rutgers ree
and other New Jersey habitats, and New York

Bear Swamp yielded, without much difficulty or aa
three ferns of interest for this part of the State—the
two chain-ferns and the Massachusetts Fern—together
with two fall Botrychiums and various species of more
common occurrence. With a great deal of difficulty the
party then penetrated a sector of rhododendron thicket,
from which nothing of filicinean interest was obtained.
It may be recalled that the occasion for a visit to this
locality was presented in a note in the first issue of the
JOURNAL for this year, which dealt with a newspaper
report of increased interest in Osmunda root-masses and
of consequent ‘‘mining’’ for the so-called peat. On this
September trip we found plenty of Osmunda, but no
“‘fern miners’’ were seen; nor were any copperheads en-
countered, poison sumac and poison ivy being the most
toxic species met with. Incidentally, another word may
be added to the glossary of popular terms applied to
Osmunda ‘‘peat’’; natives in Sussex County refer to the
individual root masses as ‘‘bogs.

Although the Bear Swamp area extends southward
nearly two miles into higher wooded ground, it was de-
cided to adjourn to a place of long-proven interest from
the fern standpoint—to Springdale, near Newton. Per-
mission was obtained to enter the large woodland, pas-
ture, and swamp area from the owner, Mr. Whittingham.

154 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

Here Goldie’s and Clinton’s ferns with other Dryopteris
species are abundant, and hybrids between them have
been collected during the past 40 years. A large colony
of D. Goldiana x marginalis, first reported from Spring-
dale by Philip Dowell, was visited.

On an earlier Fern Society trip to this locale two plants
of Hart’s-tongue, taken from one of the spore cultures
raised at the Brooklyn Botanic Garden, were installed
for naturalization purposes. Leon Bowen had reported
finding these in a visit last winter. On this visit they
were again located—one in a thrifty condition with nine
good-sized leaves (eight of them fertile), the other de-
pauperate. The latter plant was divided into its two
constituent crowns and reset. Although soil and rock
conditions at Springdale are not dissimilar to those of
central New York, where the Hart’s-tongue is native, the
latter has higher, cooler slopes and declivities. No sign
of spore reproduction was observed.—R. C. B.

JOURNAL Sets CoMPLETED.—By the recent reprinting
of three back numbers which had been entirely ex-
hausted, the Society is again able to supply sets of the
JOURNAL from the time of its founding in 1910. With
the Wherry 25-year Index and the Blake list of Ameri-
can fern literature as guides, a complete set of this pub-
lication will serve as an encyclopedia of fern lore cover-
ing their culture, conservation, habitat and distribution,
relationship, economic uses, ete. Recent members can
benefit both themselves and the Fern Society treasury by
ordering. (See cover page 2 for details.)

Winter Meetinc.—A meeting of the American Fern
Society will be held at Dallas, Texas, at 10 o’clock on the
morning of Thursday, January 1, 1942. All members
and their friends are invited to attend. The place is
Parlor E in the Adolphus Hotel. Tables will be avail-

4h
bees}

7

See we dy ee a a ee eee ae ee

AMERICAN FERN Soctetry 155

able for the display of herbarium specimens, also a lan-
tern for the projection of slides. Bring your specimens
and problems to this meeting and become acquainted

with your fellow members. Those who may desire to
present formal papers should notify R. T. Clausen at the

Department of Botany, Cornell University, Ithaca, New

York. Indicate the title of your paper and the probable

length of time required, also whether or not you will need

the use of the lantern. Reservation for accommodations

at Dallas should be sent directly to hotels. Headquarters

for the Society will be at the Baker Hotel.

MemBersuip ComMiITTeE Notes.—With gratification
the Committee calls attention to the long list of new
members. For this result many thanks are due to officers
and members at large, who cooperated by taking supplies
of the special circular made available about August 1.
One committee member reports ‘‘over 100 letters writ-
ten,’’ with a distribution of circulars singly and in larger
lots. Another member took 50 in a first batch, for indi-
vidual distribution, and 75 later. The first printing of
1000 circulars having been exhausted, the Committee
ordered a second thousand from the original plates. It
is expected that many further returns will be received
from the invitations already sent out, but it is hoped also
that many more members will join the growing Commit-
tee. Requests for circulars may be made to the Com-
mittee Chairman, Mr. W. Herbert Dole, 23 Overlook
Ave., West Orange, N. J., or to the American Fern
Society, Brooklyn Botanic Garden. Sample copies of
the JourNAL will be sent out also, when requested.

New MEMBERS
Miss Hildur Anderson, 119 Washington St., Hartford, Conn.
Mr. Louis F. Baier, Jr., 237 East 6th Ave., Roselle, N. Ps
Mr. Edgar H. Betts, 1904 Fifth Ave., Troy, N. Y.
Mr. William Birrell, 285 Lexington St., Auburndale, Mass.
Mr. Robt. A. Doray, 86 Buell St., Burlington, Vt. 2
Mr. Charles J. Dozer, 5332 North Damen Ave., Chieago, Hl.

156 AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL
Dr. Douglas W. Dunlop, Biology Dept., Brooklyn College, Brook-

yr es

Mr. A. F. Emberley, Ayer’s Cliff, Quebec, Canada

Dr. C. Stuart Gager, Brooklyn Patan Garden, SP By Gaia

Mr. Ray Harcombe, 817 name Ave., Westfield, N.

org Herbert Lawrence, 5 East t St, Brooklyn, N. fe
Legg, Mt. Lookout, ny iitiits

it ‘AMihiae Luhr, 2457 Parker ohn Honolul

Mr. Orin P. McCarty, 135 South Mountain Boed, phi Mass.

Mr. Robert H. McCauley, me Plainfield, Vermont

nt Va.
Mr. Norman C. Olson, 3022 North Oakland Ave., ’ Milwaukee,
Wiscons
Mrs. Chas. i. Rogers, 20 Haslet Ave., Princeton, N. J.
Mr. George’ W. Seymour, Keuka Par athe, Yates Co., New York
Mr. J. C. Tang ; Soe
Mrs. A. B. Thacher, 486 Sco tland Road, South Grange, Nod
Mrs. Mary V. Twitchell, 603 South Prospect St., Burlington, Vt.
Miss Ruth M. Wantieh, State Teachers College, ‘Kutztown , Pa.
eeler, R. F. D., Hole w York

Mrs. Robert R. Williams, 297 Summit Ave., Summit, N. J.

Mr. H. A. Williamson, 3 Park Drive, Fairmont, W. Va.

Mrs. Laurance N. Wilson, 425 South Ridgewood Road, South
Orange, N. J.

CHANGES OF ADDRESS
Mr. George Burns, Dept. of Botany, University of Minnesota,
Minneapolis, Min
Miss Helen Converse, P. O. Box 75, Spring Valley, San Diego Co.,
Calif.

Mr. Wm. Bridge Cooke, Alpine Hotel, 480 Pine St., San Francisco,
Calif.

. Thomas He Jr., 129 Butler St., Kingston, Pa.
Dr. Edmund L. Dow, 8 Golf View er Pa Im Beach, Florida
Mr. Frederick Ww. ‘Kab bbe, 1088 Park Ave., New York City
Mr. W. E. Liggett, 700 82 2d ins eed City, Missouri
Mr. Charles Neidorf, 1884 Arthur Ave., Bronx, New York City
Miss Elsie M. Osgood, soon Normal School, tis Center, Vt.
Mr. George R. a , 912 West 35th St., Los ete Calif.
Mr. E. H. Richards, 508 B ridge St., Cynthins
Dr. Robert P. oe John Pricer ity, Citrus oe ’ Florida
Mrs. G. W. Strattan, 1004 Altoon
Mr. Thomas M. Stubbs, pe ee aay Bidg. ., Atlanta, Ga.

=

Index to Volume 31

Acrostichum undulatum, 104
Additional forms of fer
Kutztown-Fleetwood area, Pa.,

Adiantum capillus-veneris, 37, 52,
es peat, 150; Poir-
~ ~

68,
utic 75; tenerum,
52’: Ww Gathorbvanuu. 37
Alsophila pkg 122
are rn Journal through
sie co “pe
Americas pen Society, 29, 77, 118,
New Jersey, 153;
ae oe Philadelphia, 37
adiantifolia, 48, 49
tomentosa, 150
Arizona, Asplenium adiantum-nig-
rum in, 97
Arkansas, wd multifida in, bed
cpa noteworthy fern commu
itie
Aspidium trifoliatum, 150; uligin-
osum, 12,
Aspleni — oi iantum- -nigrum in
rizon

As Denia o radleyi in Ohio, 21

Aeolecinn abscissum, 95;
A olcmtch ages ee ae. 37, 3 An-
drewsi caynean

99; 96 ;
Bradleyi, 2i, 86. 68 ; eryptsle is
x Camptosorus rhizoph yllus, 27;

Curtissii, 52, 96; hotamoch enue’
52; platyneuron, 27, 65, 66, 67,
68, | reatum, 73; p -

lum, septentrionale, 3
erailican: ‘65, 66, 67, 68, 69; thely-

o
see

“116 : Ve erecundum, 52,
Renienoascus ebenoides, 38, 70; in-
expectatus
Athyrium angustum, 64, 65, 73,
pag elatius, 25, var. rubellum,
25; asplenioides, 64, 65, 66, 67,
oe s subtripinnatum, 63, 65,
67; thelypteroide s, 60, 64,
acrosti choides, 60, f. serratum,

Azolla caroliniana, 6
BENEDIC American Fer

mC.
Journal prea thirty Bad ola
41; bag Alfred Weather raf

Blechnum serrulatum, 49
Bolbitis nicotiana efolia, 121
Botrychium cicutarium, 29; dis-

bi

pac ibang 38; virginian
28, 65, 66, 67, 69

ns in the

Bracken, 4; as a source of paper
in Britain,
Brake, ladder, 5; spider, 4
son TERS, F. K. Te beta Woodsias
n Minnesota, 15

Calaguala, 149

Camptosorus omer face 66, 69
T. Common Mis.
(review),
Pteris multifida in Arkan:

CHARLES ALFRED WEATHERBY and
the sen Fern Journal, 1
e

1; new fern family in tropi-

flor:
Cryptogramma acrostichoides,
ispa, 26, var. asanan tare A

Culantrillo, 150

nite 6 68, 69
Cystopteris bulbifera, 66, :
YP e cilia, 26, 28, 37, 65, 66, 67,

9, var. Mackay ii, 60, var.
pro otrusa, 63, 65

Dennstaedtia punctilobula, 66, 70
DIDDELL, MARY had More Florida
ferns — - phils Poke sta ars
Be ida erido
et - acr rosticholdes, 64;
‘tenilentiin pycnocarpon,
63, 6, , 96, 68, 465
Dix, re Report of judge of
elec 35
Dominion, notes on ferns of, 103
Doradilla, 150
ry augescens, 48, 49;
Clintoniana var. australis, ig

natifida, 61, 74; nor-

61, f. f. tripin veboracén sis, 65,
ligo’ hlebia ;

er ° “3 radrangaiats,

Lard ” 48, 49; rustica,

°

4215
122;

158

setigera, 12, 13, 14; simulata,
28; spinulosa, 37, 66, 70, var.
ar. interm edi

e

uliginosa, 12
DUNELE, M. Ferns ‘of the
Channel Islands (review), 115

>

Elaphoglossum Boryanu oy “
flaccidum, 104; Aes
bell um, "103; Roe ined

m, 104;
penarifol
pgnaritotn eens a e, 70, 129, 130,
B Sdecteln um, 149 jana’ 3 28;

gigan

Berend On , 69; ustre, 38: :
Crh 1 : amosiesimum,
49; scirpoides 8 minus, 61;
variegatum, 2

Erickson, L. C. <A study of
Isoetes in San es Oa hepi lad
California (review),

WAN, JOSEPH. So oure

Pde flora of Colerado | ‘ection,

Factors determining the distribu-
= of —— ferns, 91
Fer Pe a marsh, 5;
= ‘New ork, 5: water,
6: awaia
Ferns oor fern allies of South
Carolina
Fern fp state and local, of
the United etre (annotated

alphabetically arranged
by st ); 83,261
Ferns in the news, 22
Floras, ate ele local a of
the United States, 81, 131
Florida, factors determining the

meine oy of ferns, 91; more
erns of,
ware ESNER, "Ray C. ies
and varieties of ferns fe: fern
allies of northeastern North
America (review), 27

Gold rush: a fern ally, 127

Gonioprecta reptans, 95

= B sey ce Atilio Lom-

allarino.

Pianthe Yin la inedictan vulgar
del pee (review), 149

Ground

Grout ms Moss flora of North
merica north of Mexico (re-

ditional forms
of ferns in the Kutztown-Fleet-
wood area, Pa., 73

Habitat: and stributi of
Gobiouiobadi mw Oa: 143
HARRINGTON, JOHN P. Chainfern

AMERICAN FERN JOURNAL

denhair, adornment

erint of northwestern Cali-
brasiliensis, I. (revi
H. Notes bo Dominica

03; 12

gian
aa sg in, Minn toe
ymenophyllum ec reso 23,
; fucoides, 123, 125; hir-

sutum, 125,
126; latifrons, 125, 126, 127

Isoetes Engelmannii, 11,

52, 113,
fowelli, ti 12;

ee

foe
Natialli
rginica, 27

Ney, C. W. Marginal shield-
fern ‘and other ferns in cap-

An _Osmunda

KosTER, Ho LIS. Ly sg pl
pool Sn ile ately from N
Jersey, 53

Lastrea See B Traillae, 61;
noe ia B glabra, 61, a pube S-
Lawson’s type specimens, 59
Local fern floras of the United
States, 81, 13 2
ironies: Up
high,
JOOSER, GUALTERIO. Botanica mis-
celanea V (review), 26; el ge-
en Chile

Lucina HAYNES.

- new ae on
New Jersey, 53; use as

Lycopodium adpressum, 8, 53,
57, 70, f. polyclavatum, 3: " alo-
pecuroides, 8, 54, an-
otinu vant fa post Re 8,

ce

fi
n, Habelliforme,
oon lu Sitawa: ’9, 148 5
o- i 9 rostratum, 9:
selago, 148. ar. patens 9;
tri istachyum, 149; Thee’ pons 54
Lygodium japonicum, 49

datun

Marginal shield iy and other

ferns in captivity, 74

Marsilea big Ione 70,

MaTTHEWS, VEL and
fern allies Lana South Carolina, 4 4

Moore, note-

wort! = nf nor

Arkansas,

More Florida ferns, 113
ORTON n the Florida
fase ere as Dryopteris seti-

ro etc Ag of

INDEX TO VOLUME 31

sige pga margina ale f,
TS as ee | rilanatiliensa eo

e Birlappgewiichse
e) (review), 148
New localities for Botryeks —
hinged ae in Marylan

hed podium ametophytes
from to Jersey, 53 sped

New stations for Florida pterido-

_ phytes, 4

Notes on Dominica ferns, 103,

Notholaena dealbata, 70

Obituary Breckenridge, Lester
Paige, 3

ge,
ea rasta 65, 66, 67, 68,

rida fern known as

gatum, Wat aay "144; vpaneenanes,

haa cinnamomea variant, 71
Osmunda cinnamomea 22, 65, 67,
= GO, 72;. £. frondosa, vg Oey Pe
Cla aytoniana, 67, 71; regalis var.
spectabilis, 65; spectabilis, 22

peletnifolia, 25 recent fern finds
(review), 3
ee oat hexagonoptera, 66,

Phlebodium aureum, 49
eerie ae 71
Pityrog a Schaffneri, 111
Polypadiam: saplmitolaia ct
peel -attenuatum, 107, 110; flabe

liforme, : Po heared tat
105; jubaeforme, 111; Knowl-
toniorum, Pe + 108 110, 11;

limbatum rale, 14;
63 6e"6 12 Dolypodioides, 26,
70; ant

107, 109, et 0,”
Shera 107, 110; tenericaule
1i; trichodes,

roid acrostichoides, 50,

3d, 6 68, ry 74, _- t.
crispum, 74; incisu m,. “Fi,
var. — 65, 74; adiant-
forme, 149; SBraunii_ var.

Purshii, 25, 27: mohrioides, 26

159

Proctor, Georce R. Asplenium
Bradleyi in Ohio, 21

Protective fern mounts, 114

Psilotum nudum, 7, 51; trique-
trum, hg

Pteridium aquilinum, 112; latius-
culum, = 64, 65, 67, 70, var.

poten oria eretic: , 50
Quillwort, Appalachian, 11

eerie fern literature, 24, 75, 115,
eport, editorial, 35; of judge
Caections, 35; "of ftir Phir, 29;
= secretary, 31; of treasurer,
Reviews : Chan Albert. Com-
mon Mincones. — 118; Ching
R. oe New fern reaniy aa in tropical

151, New
siartion: "of ferns, 1B ae
M. B. Ferns of the Ch annel
Islands, 115; ickson, Louis
C. Study of Isoetes in San Diego
County, California, 117; Fries-
ner, Ray C. Key to species and
varieties of ferns and fern al

of northeastern rth
America, oT ; Gonzdlez, Mathias,
Atilio Lo y Aida J. Val

148; Tryon, BR. 2
and ‘ern allies of Wisconsin, 24
Running pine, 9
sagan esa 123; in-
Salv — ‘otundifol <4 eda
acan ;
get 0, 51, 65, 67, 68, 7
te are nicola, ge? Iudoviciana,
ed Lrupestri ris, , 68, 69;

and fern

TEPHEN H. Factors de-
sruRt, om the distribution of

- Florida ferns, 91
State and ieeal fern floras of the
United States, 81, 131

OHN ARD P. Habitats
“nd distribution of oniieeioe:
n Florida, 143

160

SvENSOoN, Henry K. Report of
the treasurer for 1940, 33

ectaria cicutaria, 150, 151; tri-
foliata, 150
Mhelypiedis Becca ta, 95;
lis veboracensis, 5; “ ae

lust . a pubescens, 62;
osa,
ioctoteeeents hymenoides, 123;
7 aaa 123; sphenoides,
TR ‘ON Bracken as a

fern collecting in Wisconsin (re-
view), 38; ferns and fern allies
of Wisconsin (review), 24

Up high, 72

WAGNER, W. HERBERT, JR. New
localities fe Botrychium
tricariaefolium eg ni ini oy 21

WEATHERBY, C. Editorial re-

AMERICAN F'ERN JOURNAL

~ lan 1940, 35; Lawson’s
59; protective

Asplenium

virens, 62; obtusa, 6, 15, 65, 6
70; ie na, 1 scopulina, te
19, 20, 67,

Woodsia, Cont. ak 6

Woodw — areolata, 65; fim-
briata, 75

ERRATA

Page 89, line 2; for

Conrad read Cona

Page 90, line 6 from bottom; for Olaf eae Olof.

‘

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