BARTONIA ao PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB INDEX TO NUMBERS 1-10 (1908-1928) PUBLISHED BY THE CLUB NATURAL ScIENCES, LOGAN SQUARE, PHILADELPHIA Issued February 28, 1931 INDEX TO NUMBERS 1-10 (Names of authors in SMALL tata of plants new to science in bold- fac e type; of synonyms in i type: Names in lists of ‘‘ Officers and pr bee Pee 4 gots not been indexed.) Abama prarinee 4: 1-5, 13; 5: 7-8; ossifraga, 4: 5 tan americana (Ker) Morong, 4: 1-5 (illustration) Acer carolinianum, 7: 19; penn- 7 cee a 10, des ee my t ccharum, 2: 13 Pe ee millefolium, 3: 21 Acnida cannabina, 7: 20 Acorus calamus, 7: 20 Actaea alba, 1: ae 153: 52 2h Actinomeris squarrosa, 7 : 22 AvaAms, J. W., Potamogeton vaseyi in Southeastern Pennsylvania, 10: 28 Adiantum pedatum, 3: 30 Adlum, John, 9: 21, 36 Adlumia, 9: Adopogon carolinianum, 3: 20; meee 6: 20, 35; virginicum, ieatnla faseiculata, 7: 20; pau- percula, 7: 20; setacea, 7: 20 Agoseris i 6: 2 stis alba, 8: 17; antecedens, G: 21; 8: 17; hyemalis, G: Zi; 8: 17; ? 9, 11-15; cernuum, 2: 30; siberi eum, 6: 22; tricoccum, 1: 11, 12,17; 2: 12; 4: 16; vineale, 5: 18; 7: 9-15 Alloway, New Jersey, Symposium to, 8: 35 Alnus ineana, 1: 8, 12; 6: 23; 10: 46; rugosa, 6: 9, 12 Alsine aquatica, 3: 32; borealis, 2 6; 2: Amaranthus pumilus, 1: 26; 2: 30 Ambrosia artemisiaefolia, 3: 20 Amelanchier canadensis, 3: 28; 8: 26; erecta, 3: 28; intermedia, 3: 28; laevis, 8: 26; sanguinea, 3: 28; 6: 23 Ammodenia peploides, 3: 16 ophila a” 3: 14; bre- viligulata, 8: 17 ‘cneciecareee amphicarpon, 5: 17; ae of Anagallis arvensis coerulea, 3: 32 Andromeda ie WE ese us. 8; polifolia, yo Andropogon beaerasté: 10: 33; eae Anemone canadensis, 6: 22; 7: 22 Angele atropurpurea, 1: 8; cur- : 16 baa — nsis, 3: 30; fal- . etc ee. Of 1a: Ot 26: ORE Ee eo 30; 6: 24; 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE — Se ae 6: 23; glabra, ; laevigata, 3: 31 Pes ‘ee 2: 17; spinosa, 4: 20; 5: 19; 7: 18; trifolia, 3: 18 —— spinosa L. in Upper Darby, 4: oer uva-ursi, 3: 26; 6: 3, 6 Arenaria macrophylla, 6: 25 Arethusa bulbosa, 2: 2, 16; 4: 11 Arisaema dracontium coming well established at, 3: 22-25 Asparagus officinalis, 3: 14 Aspidium goldianum, 6: 18; spinu- losum, 6: 1 ifolium, 6: 18; tus, stinus, 4: 21; color, 6: 13; i < major, 6: 22; multiflorus, 4: 21; 5: 20; 6: 25; novae-angliae, 1: 16; 4: ‘a1; 5: 20; novi-belgii, 6; 21; parviceps pusillus, 4: 26; ptarmicoides, 6: 11; radula, 6: 11, 15; salicifolius, 6: 11; sur- culosus, 3: 30; umbellatus, 6: 13 Aster Set Nutt. in Bucks 0.4 pubes ZL Sihenese. se, 2: 28 Atragene americana, 6: 18 mies. arenaria, 3: 15; hastata, os 165 73 Azalea, 9: 15; arborescens, 7: 19; canescens, 1: 205° ERs Re Bs Be 28; RE, 5: 16, ‘18; 72-36; rosea, 8: 28; viscosa, 5: 18; 7: 19 Baccharis halimifolia, 2: 14; 3: 12, 21; 4: 22, 23 Bae aaksieas, Chaxieh C., 1: 5-16, 26; of some Collectors of Specimens in the Barton Herbarium, 9: 35- 42 Barton Herbarium, Brief Sketches of some cemegan of Specimens in the, 9: 35-4 Barton, The wii Plant Col- lection and the Mystery of his Floras, 9: 17-34 Barton, Benjamin S., 4: 1; 9: 17- 36 Barton, William P. C., 1: 1; 9: 17, 30, 32 Bartonia, 9: 36; lanceolata, 1: 23; 2: 16; paniculata, 6: 11, 12; pentandra, 9: 28; verna, 9: 28; virginica, 2: 13 TRAM, EpwIN B., Distribution of Meibomea end Lespedeza in PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 5 Southeastern Pennsylvania, 3: adelphia, 2: 1 ; Som tages Plants of Bear Swamp, 6 Dartran, Edwin B., 1: 5-16, 26; 2: 22, 28, 29, 31; 3: 23, 25, 30, 31; 4: 25-27 : 5: 14, 21; 6: 26; 8: 37-39; 10: 48, 57 Bartram, John, 9: 19 Bartram, William, 4: 1; 9: 19 BASSETT, GEORGE WIL stata, The Trail of the Winding Water, 5: 4: 26; 5: 14, 21; 8: 35, 36, 39; 10: 5 Bassia hirsuta, 2: 29; 5: 17. Batodendron, 9: 15 Batrachium flaccidum, 1: trichophyllum, 6: 18 Baxter, Samuel N, 8: 38 Bear — Some Noteworthy 16 10; aS 5 OS Bly Gr TB, 20, 24; 10: 57, 59 Rerckmane, PJ. 9: 38 Beringer, George M., 1: 2-4; 10: 56 Betula allegheniensis, 1: 6, 11, st 20; trichosperma, 6: 8, 11; 7: 20 sg Aaplage a + eiliari; 16; 4: 12; 5: 4, ep rast 10: 46; grandifora, 6: 17; Iacera,- 1: : 21; peramoena, i ‘21; 4: 21; psycodes, 1: 6, 9, 13, 14; 5: 21 Boerhaave, 10: 12 Boltonia asteroides, 4: 18; 5: 17; 10: 32 Bond, Francis E., 8: 5 Borneman, John A 1 Botrychium angustisegmentum, 4 13; lanceolatum, 8: 13; 10: 50 i angustisegmentum, 8: neglectum, 2: 25; simplex, 1: 13; 2: 25; 10: 50; jiieatiebacian, 6; 2: ‘24 Brachiaria digitarioides, 2: 26 Brassica nigra, 3: 16 Brendle, T. Royce, 8: 36 Breweria a. 4: 13, 26 inton, J. pat: 2k ple tre), 8) 45 82 8572 2; 82 4 9: ne a L., 6: 5, 6; 8: 4,5 Bromus ea itioatnctn, 8: 19; ciliates, 8: 19; incanus, 8: 19; purgans, rum, 3: 14 Brown, May A., 6: 20 Brown, O 25, 26; 2: 19, 27; 3: 27; 4: 15, 17-19, 20, 23; bulla Lophiola aurea Ker, 5: 1-5 Brown, Stewardson, 1: 1-4, 25, 26; 2: 20, 26, 28, 29, 31; 3: 30, 31; 4: 3, 18, 25-27; 5: 6-10, 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 6: 20, 21; 7: 27; 8: 1-6 i 38, 39 Burnham, Stewart H., 4: 26 Bursa bursa-pastoris, 3: 16 Cakile edentula, 3: 16 Calamagrostis cinnoides, 2: 16; 6: 10 Calla palustris, 1: 11 Callicarpa americana, 9: 32 Caltha a uaap 1: 6, 7; palus- Gainelina ede 2: 16 Camellia japonica, 9: a Campanula uliginosa, 6: 22 a aaa A ea 2: 10, be y, William M., 2: 21; 7: 24 Cape May Peninsula, Some Results of Recent Field Work in, 4: 14— 19 Cape May Records, Corrections of Some, 7: pnodes aurea, 6: 22; semper- virens, 1: 13 ardamine arenicola, ee” hirsuta, 2: 12; Set 2: : 2 > Carduus spinosissimus, 3: 21 Carex abdita, 8: 23; aestivali- formis, 3: 32; albolutescens, 8: 22; aurea, 6: 22; bicknelli, 2: 20; blanda, 10: 39; brevior, 8: i Soa 1:7, 0: as hoe; 10: 3 ullata greenei, unis, 6: conoidea, 1: 6; 10: 53; contigua, 8: 21; eumelanin 8: 21; erinita, 2 23; —— 2: 16; erus- i, 10: 39; cumulata, 8: 22; pits ey 10: — echinata, 8: 21; exilis, 5: 19; festucacea, 8: 22. f. brevior, 7: 23; flava, 1: 8, 9, 11, 12; foenea, 1: 12; follicu- lata, 2: 15; 5: 16; > Sel As 20; oleneiion: a3 93; granu- foie, 1:63. 2:46; sinininn. 8: 23; 19; .3 : richit, 8: 23; hystricina, 2: 16; impressa, 10: 38; incomperta, 6: 1, 22; interior, 1: 8, 9; 10: 46; 6 Fy 8: 22, 28 5 eRe 2: 16, pallescens,. 1:- 9; .10:. 46; : 22; 8: 23; strictior, wy 23; lesa 6: 10; tenera, 8: 22; ‘aca cula, 2: 1, 2s tetanien, 1: 8, 9; 10: 53; tribulo ides, 6: 10; trisperma, 1: 6, 9; uberior, 10: 38, 39; umbellata, 8: — ‘6: 24; u. heesirostese, 8: — Leavenworthii in New Jer- sey, Some Further Notes on, 7: 22 CARTER, JOEL JACKSON, A Botani- eal Trip to the Welsh Mountains PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 7 near Churchtown and Beartown Station, Lancaster Co., Pa., 2: 15-16 asta Joel J., 2: 30, 31; 3: 31; » 22, 97; 5: 11, 18 ee i 3: 17; nicti- tans, 3::. 175-6 Sealdentalix 7226 — odorata, 5: 8; 6: 10, 18; toAg cate acuminata, 6: 23; coc- 2Ds 2: 5.10: 46 nk Sealicivaliien, rs 12 Ceanothus americanus, 7: Celastrus scandens, 3: 17 Celtis crassifolia, 8: 16; 4: 21 Cenchrus Scvilintowss: 83°. 720; pauciflorus, 8: 16; tribuloides, 3: 14 Centaurea jacea, 6: 20 Centaurella verna, 9: Cephalanthus oveidentadias GS: 28; 9:3 Chaetochloa geniculata, 8:. 16; : grits S:°36; Seribn. in Cape May ag N. J. 4: Chamaecyparis thyoides, 7: 17 eee ealyeulata, 10: 44 Chamaelirium luteum, 6: 18 esc aces angustifolium, 1: 9; 2: 16 Cheilanthes lanosa, 6: 18 Chelone alba, 10: 21; a0: 6, 11, 35, 37, 20; euthbertii, 10: 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 17; digitalis, 10: 13; gabe, 10: 5, 9, 13, 15, 17, 21; g. alba, 10: 21; g. capi- tata, 10: 20; g. dilatata, 10: 17, 21-23; g. slatios, 10: 6, 9, 20; g. elongata, 10: 10, 17, 21, 22; g- lanceolata, 10: 21; g. linifo lia, 16; 10, 15, 17,21, 23; g: 1, £. velutina, 10: 23; g. maculat 10: 21; g. ochroleuca, 10: 2, 17, 21, 22; g. purpurea, 10: 18; g., £. rosea, 10: 20; g., f. ae tosa, 10: 21; grimesii, 10: vats hesdita, 103-185 iatifotia, bo & HN montana, 10: 11, 15, 17, 20; m. 16, 19; pentetooion, 102 135 purea, 10: 18 Chelone, The Genus, of Eastern North America, 10: 12-23 (illus- trated) Chelones, ane 10: 1-11 en, 5: 418: Ts 18; rosea, 9: 28 Chtomeanthes montana, 10: 6, 7, 10, 20; tomentosa, 10: 21 Chondrilla juncea, 7: 20 Chrysanthemum leucanthemum, 3: Chrysopsis faleata, 4: 26; 6: 25 rysosplenium americanum, 3: 31 Church, Mrs. M. P., 9: Cimicifuga americana, 5: 16; race- mosa, 7: 22 Cireaea alpina, 1: 6; 10: 40; — 8: 27; lutetiana, 6: 24; 27 ium pumilum, 8: 8 Clayton, John, 5: 20; 9: 27, 28; 10: 1-4, 12, 13, 18 Claytonia virginica, 7: 22; 8: 8 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Claytonia virginica ae orange- colored flowers, 7: Clethra Sey 6: s 13; 9: 15 Cliftonia, 9: 15 Clinopodium coccineum, 9: 14 Clintonia borealis, 2: 2, 29 Glen. cae | Collins, eras 9: 36 Collinsia, 9: Co onia ¢ siabanlé 9: 32 Comandra vid, 6: 23; richard- soniana, 6: Commelina tae 4: 21; longi- folia, 9: Commons, Albert, 4: 3, 15; 10: 35, 36, 42, 43 Conioselinum chinense, 1: 9, 11, , 3 Conopholis americana, 1: 9; 5: 19 Conostylis americana, 5: 2 per aia Md., Some Finds at, 4: cas Solomon W., 6: 4 Convallaria biflora, 8: 24 Cc japonicus, 2: 16; : 19 Coptis teifolia, 1: S, 42, 153 222s 10: 50 Corallorhiza maculata, 10: 45; multiflora, 1: 13, 14; 5: 21; odontorhiza, 5: 17; 9: 16; tri- fida, 10: 44, 45; wisteriana, 2: 4123 6: Corema conradii, 3: 26; 6: 1-4, 6, 7 Corem a Conradii Torrey, 6: 1-7 Cornus amomum, 6: 13; 8: 18; baileyi, 6: 22, a 6: 22; 9: 27; circinata, 1: 10, 12; 6: 24; florida, As 297 7%. 38. -Ot.27 Cotintiin varia. 7 Corylus aincricans; 4: 21; rostrata, gi 8 Coville, Frederick V., 9: 11; 10: Cranberry, 2: 16 CRAWFORD, JOSEPH, Some Sand Dune Plants from Longport, N. pee & 19 Orawiord; Joseph, 1: 1-4, 25; 2: 15, 16, 27, 30; 3: 10, 138; 5: 21; : 1; 8: 37; 9:4 BRE fe metre 8: “a line- ae S- a, ant satel. 8:87 ‘~ 41 Cryptogramma acrostichoides, 6: 23; stelleri, 6: 22 Cuncuts arvensis, 6: 13; 8: 29; compacta, 6: 13; pentagona, 8: 29 Custis, ne 9: 21, 35 Cuthbert, 10: 17 Cynoglossum boric: .6: 23 Cynthia dandelion, 6: 20, 25 Cyperus diandrus, 4: 17; flaves- ypri oy 14, 61; 6: 16, $1; 7: a 9: 16; hirsutum ; 6s 12; pubescens, 2: 2, 12; reginae, Be © Cyrilla, 9: 15 Cytisus scoparius, 1: 5 Dalibarda repens, 5: 21 Danthonia epilis, 4: 4 Darlington, William, 9: 40 PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 9 Dasanthera mbar se 10; 15 Dasystoma flav tRes ie ta Ot. 36, 175 cotinaaa A ats virginica, 5: 17 Datura stramonium, 3: 19 Daucus carota, Decodon pliche cos ds 1B; (Bee Delile, e Raffeneau-, 9: 35, 37 Delilia, 37 Dalia 3: 26 Diodia teres, 3: 20 Dioscorea glauca, 8: 24; villosa, 8: 24 Diphylleia cymosa, 9: 39 Direa palustris, 2: 1 Disporum lanuginosum, 5: 16 Dodecatheon meadia, 6: 17 Doellingeria infirma, 1: 14 Dolicholus erectus, 7: 20 Douglass, David B., 9: 38 Draba arabisans, 6: 22; verna, 4: Dracontium foetidum, 9: 29 Dreisbach, R. R., 10: 34, 58 Drosera intermedia, 7: 19; rotundi- foils, 2: & 12; B+ 16; G: 163-7: Dryopteris boottii, 2: 22, 23; elintoniana, . silvatica, 2: 23; eristata, 1: 7, 11; 2: 22, 23; 6: 26, 37; «¢. siviokiaiia. a: 10; sete = Catatate elin- toniana, 2: 24; cristata x goldi- 23; spinulosa, 2: s. intermedia, 45 spinulosa x spinulosa iistermedin, 2: 24; thelypteris, 2: 23 Dulichion arundinaceum, 6: 10; 7: 18 Dunegan, John C., 10: 25 Eames, Edward A., 10: 10 ** Eastern Shore,’’ etes from the, —21 (fee eae et rhs 8: 15; muri- Panes toa poe W., 4: 20-23; 5: 27; 8: 40 19, 20; 7: Edible Geonni 8: 8 Elatine americana, 8: 27; minima, 8: 27 Eleocharis acicularis, 2: 11; capi- 10: 40; cott, Bitiots, Stephen, 9: 11 iottia racemosa, 9: 11-15; 10: 24-27 Elliottia, A new Colony of, 8: 19; rob 8: Empetrum conradii, 6: 4; 6: 23 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Enslen, Aloysius, 9: 21, 38 Enslenia, 9: Epilobium densum, 6: 10, 12, 16; 1 lineare, 1: 16; strictum, 1: 14 Equisetum fluviatile, ; hye- le, 11; sylvaticum, 2: 10; 3: 31 Eragrostis caroliniana, 8: 18; cilianensis, 8: 18; frankii, 2: 11; major, 8: 18; megastachya, G2 36; perenne: 8: 18; pilosa, 8: 18: purshit, 8: 1 Erianthus py rer 3 & charoides, 7: a meets acris, 6 sac- as Aereones, op : aL : paucinervium, 1: 9; aobretnck- oe 1: 8; 2: 1; virginicum, 7: ee cicutarium, 2: 13; 7: 20 Eruea sativa, 3: 32 Erwin, Katherine A., 10: 7, 11, 19 ryngium virginianum, 7: 20; yuceifolium, 5: 15, 19 Erythronium albidum, 2: 29; 7: 3; can 8: Eupatorium altis gr ite Se tinum, 7: 23; hyssopi- Euthamia minor, 7: 19; tenuifolia, 7: 19 Faleata pitcheri, 1: 15 Fernald, M. L., 6: 27; 10: 22, 29 Ferns, Local, Notes on, 2: 22-25 i bulbifera, 1: 16; montana, 6; 22 Fimbristylis autumnalis, 8: 20; frankii, 8: 20; geminata, 8: 20; : 26 Fisher, H. L., : 38; 10: 48, 49, 57 Fogg, John M., 8: 40; 10: 58, 59 Fox, Henry, 5: 15, 19 Fragaria americana, 2: vesca, 3: 16; 6: 25 Frasera carolinensis, 9: 28; of- ficinalis, 9: 28 Fraxinus michauxii, 3: 29; nigra, 1: 11; pennsylvanica, 3: 29 Fretz, pe Sas Ot ie, bos ts 45 9: 43; 10: 54, "55 Fretz aii um, 6: 25 Froelichia floridana, 8: 21 Fuirena hispida, 7: 19; squarrosa, : 23 16, 30; Galen, James, 2: 20 Galinsoga ciliata, 8: 32; parvi- 6: 11; verum, 3: 20; wirtgenii, 3: 32 — hispidulum in Cape May - WN. ay St 26 Gardenia florida, 9: 12 Garlic, Keeled, On the Occurrence of, in America, 7: 6-16 Gaultheria procumbens, 3: 18; 7: 19 Gaylussacia, 9: 15; dumosa, 4: 22; frondosa, 6: 13 PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 11 General Notes, 2: 26; 3: 26; 4: 20; 5: 14; 6:.19; 7: 22; 8: 36; 9: "43; 0: 56 Gentinns andrewsii, 8: 29; elausa, : 29; crinita, 1: 17; 2: 13; 9: 16; 10: 46; flavida, ds 8; inka ris, 5: 16; rubricaulis, 6: 22; saponaria, 1: 1758: 29; viltonii, 2: 18 Gentian, Horse, 2: 6 Geographic Arrangement of Speci- mens, 8: 3 Geranium maculatum, 3: 17; 7: 9 robertianum, 3: 17; saan, : 20, 26 Geranium sibericum L. in Dela- ware County, 4: 20 Gerardia auriculata, 2: 30; decem- loba, 5: 18; fruticosa, 10: 15; holmiana, 5: 18; maritima, 3; 20; purpurea, 1: 23; 3: 19; 5: ame Os Tis Facemulosa 5: 18; tenuifolia, 5: 18 Geum flavum, 2: 11; rivale, 1: 8, 45 152 2: 2; strictum, RB: 13} “aa | Githens, Thomas S., 4: 20 Glechoma hederacea, 3: 22 Glyceria canadensis, 6: 10; obtusa, +30; 7: 18 Gnaphalium freee 3: 21 Gordonia lasianthus, 9: Gratiola aurea, 7: or neglecta, 8: ns sphaerocarpa, 7: 23; 8: 30; virginiana, 8: 2 Gray, Asa, 9: 12; 10: 13, 14 21, 35 es, E. J., 10: 2, 4, 8, 17 Geet Sebastien, 3: 26 Grove, J. H., 2: 19 Gruber, Albert C., 3: 28 Gymnadeniopsis clavellata, 1: 9, a, simplex, 3: 14; salts: 6: 23 Habenaria blephariglottis, 6: 10; 16; ciliari “we at 75 subt 16; conspicua, 10: » @ 16; lacera, 10: = ones, 10: 505 — 6: repens Poe es 8: Hamamelis communis, 9: 28; vir- giniana, S; 31; 9: 28 mm, David W., 2: 22, 25; 5: 17 Harbison, Thomas G., Harper, Roland M., 9: 12; 10: 25 ARSHBERGER, JOH me W., Rhythmic or Seasonal Appearance of cer- tai ids, 8: 7 Harshberger, J ohn W., 1: 3; 4: 26; 5: 20, 21; 7: 25; 8: 38-40; 9: 44; 10: Helenium autumnale, 1: 20; 3: 21; tenuifolium, 8: 34 Helianthemum canadense, 3: 18; rym : 30 Helianthus divaricaton, 7: 22; gi- ganteus, 1: 16; 3: 21; mollis, 5: 15; strumosus, ce + Heliopsis seabra, 3: 28 Helonias bullata, 3: 1-6, 25, 29; Helonias — Linnaeus, 3: 1-6 (illustration) He ea eallitrichoides, 8: 9; glomeratus, 8: 9; micranthe- ate 8: 9; 10: 41; micran- Hendrie ks s, J. W., 9: 12 Hepatica acuta, 5: 16; americana, 8: 26; hepatica, 6: 24; triloba, 8: 26 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Herbarium, Additions to the, 2: 73 8: 35; Local, Personnel in the, 10: 57; Local, Recent Additions to the, 10: Heritage, ast At. Bs. 2e- 38; eu Ticana, 3: 31 Hibiscus moscheutos, 3: 13, 18, 28; SO: G, 10, e872: Hicks, Henry, 8: 39 Hicoria, 9: 3; glabra, 5: 20; vil- li : osa, Hieracium pilosella, 2: 30; scab- rum, 3: 20 Hippurus vulgaris, 6: History of the Paes Botan- ical Club, A Brief, 1: 2-4 Hopper, Ze oes 6: 25 Horsfieldi nt tomentosa, 3: 18; 4: 12, 13 Hydrastis canadensis, 6: 24 — eanbyi, 4: 16; 5: 17; 3; rotundifolia, 2: 27, 29; unbellata, 4: Hypericum densiflorum, 5: 16; majus, 6: 22; mutilum, 3: 18 Hypochaeris vadinnin, 2: 30; 3: 20 Hypopitys 1: 13; americana, 7: 20 Ibidium lineare, 4: 21 Ilex atramentaria, 9: 28; bronx- ensis, 1: 14; canadensis, 9: 28; delicatula, 9: 28; glabra, 4: 3; 9: 15; glauca, 7: 18; monti- cola, 6: 22; m. mollis, 2: 29; nebulosa, 9: 29; opaca, 3: 17; 8: 18; religiosa, 9: 29; verticil- lata, 1: 14; v. padifolia, SG: 32; emaitors Tlicoides ere 1: 10-13; 9: Illick, J. S., 59 Ilysanthes oT 8: 30; dubia, 8: 10; inaequalis, 8: 30 Yospatiins biflor. Iris fulva, 9: 39 gone, 6: 18; versicolor, 5: 9 Isnardia palustris, 8: 11 Isoetes melanopoda, 10: 32, 33 Isotria verticillata, 1: 13; 2: 16 Itea virginica, 3: 29; 5: 19; 6: 12, 13 Jahn, Albrecht, 1: 1, 2 JOHNSON, Frank W., On the Dis- tribution of Serapias helleborine in Western New York, 9: 10 JOHNSON, GEORGE, Edible Greens, 8; On the Irregular Oceur- rence of certain Native Plants, 9: 16 Jones, A. A., 8: 38 Juncoides bulbosum, 5: 18; cam- pestre, 6: 21; ¢. bulbosum, 6: 21, 24; ¢. echinatum, 6: 21; e. multiflorum, 6: 12, 21; pi- losum, 2: 1 Juncus balticus, 10: 46; brachy- Pp 2: 11, 30; effusus, 6: 27; e. sa- lutus, 6: 10; filiformis, 10: 43, 44; gerardi, 1: 23; militaris, 4: 4; 5: 19; nodosus, 10: 46; roe- merianus, 3: 30; subcaudatus, 8: Juncus brachycarpus Engelm. in ew Jersey, 7: 23 PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 13 Juniperus sabina, 6: 23; virgin- jana, 1: 23; 3: 13 Kalm, Peter, 3: 3, 4 Kalmia angustifolia, 3: 155.7: 18; King, Wilbur L., 4: Kinn, Matthias, 9: 21, 38, 39 ler, W. W., 4: 27; 6: 17 Kline, ‘William hi, 4e 36; 6:17; 8: 36 Klopp, Louis C., 3: 30 eiffia glauca, 9: 39; linearis, 3: 18; perennis, 8: 28; pumila, 8: 28 Knieskern, 6: 4 Kosteletzkya virginica, 1: 23 Kraemer, Henry, 1: 4; 8: 37 Krout, A. F. K., 4: 10 Kuhnia eupatorioides, 4: 8; 6: 17 Lacinaria graminifolia pilosa, 1: S1;- 8: 30s se ds48, 20, 243. 87 283 Notes from Longport, New Jer- sey, 3: 12- ea intermedia, 2: 13; leggettii, 7 13; itima, 3: 18 Leeds, Aatune Na ts 3, 95, 27; 2: ae, Sly 8: 31;.4:-87; &:..21; phia Botanical Club, Noteworthy Plants of, 4: 6-10 BPP ots Wty Bt. 875 10¢ Laity, 3 oseph, 3: 24 mna 4: 26 Looteaen sce ouaggs 8: 31 Lepidium virginicum Leptorchis Sep 1: 25 ; loeselii, 1: 18, 20; 3: 14 Lespedeza spent 6: frutescen 10; hirta, violacea, 3: 9; virginiana, 3: 10 Lespedeza in Southeastern Penn- lvania, Spa oy of Mei- bomea and, 3 Leucothoe teat :. 19; 10: 46 Lilaeopsis lineata, 1: 22-24 psis, The Coastal Strip of New Jersey, and the Rediscovery of, 1: 20-24 Lilium canadense, 1: sd 8: 34; vidtelitttesica As 10; um, 6: 46; 6::10;-8e-8 Tétansiin Juncea, a? ‘4 Limnorchis dilatata, 6: 23; hud- 2 ages 6: 22; hyperborea, 6: ep prec ae 18; St 16; 4: 11, mais, 3: 19; 6: 11; 7: 20 Linnaeus, 10: 12, 13 Linum floridanum, 3: 29; medium, 2: 13; 3: 29; striatum, 6: 10; suleatum, 2: 13; 10: 48, 49 iparis, 2: 16 Lippincott, Charles D., 1: 2; 2: 17, 18; 5: 20; 6: 25; 7: 26, 27; 9: 43; 10: 53 14 Liquidambar styraciflua, 6: 12, 13 Listera auriculata, 6: 23; cordata, 6: 23 Livezey, E., 10: 38 Lobelia cardinalis, 1: 20; manna, 5: 21; kalmii, 1: 15-17; 6: 22; nuttallii, 5: 15; 6: 11; puberula, 7: 23 Lone, Bayarp, Certain Species be- coming well established at Ash- bourne and elsewhere near Phila- elphia, 2-25 ; the Oc- currence of Keeled Garlic in Ameri 16; sero- to the Philadelphia Area, 10: 30-52; Some Results of Recent Field Work in Cape May Penin- ay 2 Long, Bayard, 1: 5-12, 25, 26; 2: 15, 28, 30, 31; 3: 10, 28-31; 4: 20, 25-27; 5: 6-10, 14, 17-19, 21; 6: 19-21, 23-27; 7: 24, 27; Sand Dune Plants from, 1: 18- 19 Lonicera glaucescens, 6: 23; in- volucrata, 6: 22; sempervirens, Lophiola americana, 9: 39; aurea, 4: 3, 4, 18; 5: 14 Lophiola aurea Ker, 5: 1-5 (illus- tration) teleae alternifolia, 6: 10; mol- lis, 9: 29; palustris, 6: 10; per- sphaerocarpa, 6: 10, 15 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Luzula campestris multiflora, 6: 12, 21 Lychnis alba, 6: 18, 20 Lycium vulgare, 3: 24 Lycopodium alopecuroides, 6: 9; apodum, 8: 14; complanatum, 2: a ivandatem, 2: 16; i. bige- lovil, 6: 9; icetesiaw, 3: 31 Lycopus americanus, 3: Lygodium palmatum, 5: 7, 8, 17; 7: 25 Lyon, John, 5: 2,3; 9: 39; 10: 18 Lyonia, 9: 40; ligustrina, 6: 13; mariana 3 Lysias Seckintiue: 6: 23; orbicu- lata, eG: 22 Lysiella obtusata, 6: 22 Lysimachia producta, 6: 11; ter- restris, 6: Lythrum lineare, 1: 23 MacElwee, Alexander, 2: 19, 20; Magnolia acuminata, 5: 16; glauea, 7: 18; tripetala, 2: 29; jana, 2: aA 6; .2 Mahonia, 9 Malus gat 1: 26; coro- : 6: 25; fragrans, 6: 25 Malva sega 8: 8 Mangrove, 2: 28 Marshal; ‘Fomghey: 8: 37; i 19 Marshallia williamso 7: Martindale, Isaac ©., 1: 2, “s So: 2 Matricaria satelenticidon 6: 22 McMahon, Bernard, 9: 40 se Tupulina, 3: 17; sativa, s 30 Sec Thomas, 1: 2; 2: 29 M gs, Program of, from Jan- uary, 1915, to December, 1923, 8: PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 37; Program of, from January, 1924, to December, 1925, 9: 44; Program of, from January, 1926, 0: 59 7: 19; paniculata, 3: 8; pauci- flora, 4: -21s-vigida;. 3:9; stricta, 7: 19, 22; viridiflora, 3: BS: 7oo9 Meibomia and Lespedeza, distribu- tion of, in Southeastern Penn- sylvania, 3: 7-11 Melanthium latifolium, 1: 12, 14, 16; 2: 12; 6: 18; virginicum, 2: 11 Melchior, Mortford D., 4: Members and _ Ofer, ae 27s. 3s 26 8; 5: 22; Menisperm Menvanthos se Te ae 20; 6: 10: 42 ‘eccaat pilosa, 5: 16 Meredith, H. a : 39; 10: 44, 49 Merrill, J. F., Mertensia onthe 6: 22 Michaux, André, 9: 19, 40 Michauxia, 9: 40 Miller, Adolph W., 1: 2, 3 Miller, Charles F., 9: 4 ulus anes, 2: 14; moschatus, bo bo © 8 my Mitchell, John, 10: 13 lla repens, 3: 20; 9: 16, 32 terifolia, 1: 3 iehchiete te Mollugo verticillata, 3: 15 Monarda di 9: 29; fistulosa, 29; oswegoensis, 9: 29, 32; 15 punctata, 3: 15; varians, 9: 29, 2 3 Moneses uniflora, 5: 21; 6: 22 Montgomery County, Notes on the a of : Muhlenberg, Henry, 9: 19, 20, 30, 33, 36 Muhlenbergia foliosa, 1: 15; 8: 16; 10: 46; mexicana, 1: 15, ; 8: 16; racemosa, 1: 15; ater, Rea ie 8: Mu osEPH R., Notes on the pe of Upper Modtpoutey County, 6: 17, 18 Mumbauer, Joseph R., 4: 26; 8: 6 Muricauda dracontium, 4: 20 Myosotis laxa, 7: 2 Myrica carolinensis, 1: 14; 2: 21; .8: 12, 14; cerifera, 2: 21; 4: 03.7: 18 Nabulus albus, 1: 16; ramosus, 6: ; trifoliatus, 1: 15; 3: Naias flexilis lupensis, 8: Nartheciwm americanum, 4: 2; glu- tinosum, 4: 2; ossifragum, 4: 2 Nauman, W. Reiff, 6: 19, 23, 24 Naumburgia thyrsiflora, 1: 7, 11 Nelson, William, 2: 28 Nelumbium luteum, 6: 25 Nelumbo lutea, 5: 20 — mucronata, 6: 13, 16; 8: 2 New eae Noteworthy Plants from Southern, 5: 14; Some Ad- ditions to the Flora of, 6: 20; The Coastal Strip of, and the Re- discovery of Lilaeopsis, 1: 20-24 , 1: 11; 8: 15; gauda- 16 Northampton County, Additional Notes on the Flora of, 2: 1-2; Pa., Botanical Trips to, 1908, 1: 5-17 Northrup, J. J., 6: 5 Nuttall, Teo, 1; 21-24; 4: 19; 8: 9, 10; 9: 25, 36, 40; 10: 13, 21, 41 Nymphaea — 7: 20 39; Nyssa eed 7s 16; 3 ogeche, re sirncely perennis, 8: 28; pumila, 28 ie and Members, List of, 1: 27; 2: 26; 3: 33; 4: 28; 5: 22; G: 28; 7: 28; 8: 41; 9: 45; 10: 60 Oldenlandia uniflora, 1: 23 ta biennis, 3: 13, 18 Onoclea nodulosa, 8: 14; sensibilis, ee 3 ubtonienuen arenarium, 1: 18, 19; at 267 3s 18; 8: 38: wags sania 8: 33; julgstaan ie 38; 2: 25; 4: 20; 8: 33 Opuntia ipokita:. Be 18} 7: Orchids, Rhythmic or aces Ap- pearance of certain, 8: 7 Orontium aquaticum, 7: 17 Osmunda cinnamomea, 2: 24; 8: 8; ¢. frondosa, 2: 24; «. giant lisesi 2: 24; claytoniana, 8: 8; regalis, Ot1s, J. P,N Notes from the ‘‘ East- | Shore’’, 7: 17-21 Otis, J. P., 7: 26 ee John E., 9: 43 etosella, 8: 8; stricta, 3: peta macrocarpus, 1: 12, 14; 16; 10: 44 ae cocos, 2: 26 Palmer, T. Chalkley, 10: 33 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Panax quinquefolia, 6: 24 Panicularia canadensis, 10: 43; elongata, 1: 9, 15; fluitans, 1: pe gy : 43; melicaria, 8: 19; 1 pallida, 1: 11; tor- reyana, 8: ‘19 Panicum aciculare, 3: 29; 4: 26; angustifolium, 4: 26; auburne, : 34, 35; caerulescens, 3: 29; agp a ot 2: 26; ; macrocarpon, 1: 3; mattam keetense, 6: 9; melicarium, 8: 19; microcarpon, 6: 9; muri- cadets, BS: 16: ey 3 sca sbriuseniam, 3: 29; scoparium, 6: 10-12; Sie, 10: 34; rrucosum, eis 2: 26, 29; 3: 29; 4: 18; xanthophysum, 6: 25 Papaw, Q: arnassia caroliniana, 1: 8, 9, 17; 10: 46, 47; palustris, 6: Paronychia dichotoma, 3: 16 Parthenocissus quinguefolia, 3: 18 Becoriyys dissectum, 4: 19; 5: 17; : 9, 20; plenipilum, 6: 9 fi Oglesby, 9: 4 Pedicularis canadensis, 3: lanceolata, 2: 14 Pellaea atropurpurea, 2: 10, 16 ag virginica, 6: 10, 17; 7: 31; See Francis W., The Elder Barton—his Plant Collection and the Mystery of his Floras, 9: 17-34; The Pollination of two PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB bys Tidewater Scrophulariaceae, 8: 9-11; see TRUDELL & PENNELL Pennell, Francis W., 3: 29; 4: 20; 6:17; 6: 19, 23; 7: 26:8 80; 9: 10, 44; 10: 1-5, 9-11, 36, 37, 59 PENNELL, F. W., & Wuerry, E. T., The Genus ‘Chelone of itaateirn 23 Pennsylvania State Floras, Some, Pennypacker, John T., 9: 43 Penstemon digitalis, ‘1: 16; 10: , 8: 36 Parkins! N ae oa 10: 58 Perularia flava, 4: 21; 6: 17 Petasites palmata, 6: 22; peta- sites, 2: 2 Phegopteris dryopteris, 1: 13; 6: 3; hexagon ee 6: 24; phe- gopteris, 1 FP — px Some Note- District west of, 2: 10-14 Philadelphia Botanical Club, A Brief History of the, 1: 2-4; Abstract of the Proceedings of, for 1908,1: 25; for 1909, 2: 28; for 1910, 3: 28; for 1911, 4: 24; for 1912, 5: 16; for 1913, 6: ‘21; for 1914, Phlox glutinosa, 10: 24; maculata, : 51; ep 10: 51; pilosa, 4: 22; reptans, 5: Physslindk puro 3: 15; 8: 8 Pieris floribunda, 9: Pinckneya piliete, 9: 14 Pinguicula, 9: 14; vulgaris, 6: 23 Pinus australis, 10: 25; elliottii, 9: 15; murrayana, 4: 27; rigida, Ni J anges and Other Local, Notes, 17-21 Gaskins aristata, 2: 14; 3: 20; lanceolata, 3: 20; major, 3: 20; maritima, 3: 20 Pluchea camphorata, 3: 21; 7: 19; foetida, 2: 29; 7: 19 Poa alsodes, 10: 36; autumnalis, 10: 36; brachyphylla, 8: 18; 10: 18; 10: 36; brevifolia, 8: 36; carolin , 8: 18; chapmann- jana, 10: 35; cilianensis, 8: 18; euspidata, 8: 18; nemoralis, 8 17; palustris, 8: 10: 36; triflora, 8: 19 29; 4: 26; 5: 8; 7: 3; ophio- glossoides, 1: 12; 2: 16; 7: 19; verticillata, 8: 7 shri van-bruntiae, 10: 50, 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Polygonatum biflorum, 3: 14; 6: 24; commutatum, 8: 24; pubes- cens, 8: 24 Polygonella articulata, 3: 15; 7: 19 Polygonum amphibium, 5: 21; arifolium, 7: 20; cuspidatum, 5: 21; glaucum, 8: 25; hydro- piper, 3: 15; maritimum, 8: 25; punctatum, 8: 25; p. pikastins, 8: 25; robustinn, 8: 25; zuc- carinii, 3: 23 Polypodium virginianum, 8: 14; vulgare, 8: 14 Pontederia cordata, 7: 20 Populus heterophylla, 4: 15; 5: 17; 10: 43; tremuloides, 2: 2; 6: 15 xd echt Re Thomas C., 1: 3; 2: 19; 5: 3 riciaes Slecaain, 8: 8 fe = erispus, 2: 11; fili- pusillus, 1: 11; 2: 11; vaseyi, O: 29 e ? Potamogeton vaseyi in Southeast- ern Pennsylvania, 10: 28-29 Potentilla strigosa, 6: 22; triden- tata, 6: 23 Pothos putorii, 9: 27, 29, 32 Poyser, W. A., Notes on Local Ferns, 2: 22-25 Poyser, William Aldworth, 10: 57 Prenanthes autumnalis, 8: 31; vir- gata, 8: = : LD W., A New Station for Serapias helleborine iS: 7-9; unty and the pueda Siena Club, 2: oF; Some Noteworthy Plants of -» Pa., 4: 6-10 —_— Faroia bids Ce Ar 28; 4: 3; 6: 26 Te: ; 10: 3 37, 39, 40, 43-49 Price, Ferris W., 2: 29 Primula Fetianen americana, 6: 23 9: 28 of the oe 1 Club for stract of the, 1: 25; Baca - the, for 1909, 2: 28; for 1910, 3: 28; for 1911, 4: 24; for 1912, 5: 16; for 1913, 6: 21; for 1914, 7: 25 Proserpinaca pectinata, 7: 18 Prunella vulgaris, 6: 27 Prunus americana, 4: 21; cuneata, 4: 22; 8: 27; dapeangia S226; mahaleb, 2: 30; maritima, 1: 18: 3: 16; pennsylvaniea, ae au; 12; 33.18; a, : 26; serotinas ee iG; walivishanss, 8: 7 2 Psilocarya nitens, 2: 18; 4: 19; 6: 20, 24; 10: 41, 42; scirpoides, hair Pteretis nodulosa, 8: 14 Pteridium aquilinum, 8: 14; lati- usculum, 8: Pterte Se 8: 14 eapillaceum, 3: 18 — Frederick, 4: 1, "2; 5: 2, 3; unda, 1: 12; 3: 31; 10: a 45 Pyadanies barbulata, 6 Quercus alba, 7: 18; digitata, 2: 8; falosta, Be 25; heterophylla, auxii, 5: 20; 8: 95; mantaiae 8: 25; nigra, 5: 14, 20; 6: 21; ce 18; = Ss: 83 4: 8, 20; Gz 14; 7: 185 prinoides, 42°26; prinus, 1: aS; 7: 18s Ge Ses PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 19 rubra, 8: 25; rudkini, 2: 29; 3: 29; stellata, 7: 18; triloba, 7: 18; virginiana, 5: 20 Raffenaldia, 9: 37 Rafinesque, C. ae 6: 4; 9: 41; 10: 0,12," 14; 21 Theracelin Re 3: 16; fasci- cularis, 2: 12; macounii, ‘6: 22; pusillus, 4 20 Rau, oases A., 10: 40 Redfield, John H., 6: 4-7 Redles, George, 8: 38, 39; 9: 44 Rhamunus alnifolia, 1: 7, 12 Rhexia, 9: 15; virginica, 2: 16 Rhizophora mangle, 2: 28 a maximum, 1: 6, 9, vise 6: 13; v. glau- cum, 6: 13 Rhus copallina, 3: 17; radicans, 3: 17; toxicodendron, 8: 8; oe enata, 2: 16; vernix, 6: 1 18; 8: 8 Ribes —_ 10: 47; rotundi- 3; ame’ 27, z — 6: 23; micrantha, 4: 21 Rumex ag = 8: 8; : 4 10: 47, a; crispus, 3: 36; 8: 8; 10: 47; upstasainn Lomt aes 8: 15; patientia, 2: 30; verticilla- tus, 10: 48 Ruth, J. A., 4: 8 Ryan, Alice, 1: 25 Tyoconmes alba, 2: 16; capil- 1 : 12, 16; 10: 46; capi- . . 4 * mu 4 : 42; itech: 4: 18; 10; 32; smallii, 2: 19 Sabbatia —— pe oe tS difformis d nodosa, sO: Sagittaria latifolia, 2: 11; 7: 20, 255 < pubescens, S221; lougires: Salicornia ambigua, ‘8: 16; 38: 26; “eprouee 3: 13, 15; perennis, 8: Salix scious: 2: 2; candida, 1: 8; cordata, 6: 12; discolor, 2: ea. ima, 10: 45, 47; tristis, 4: — kali, 3: 15; tragus, 3 Salvia sylvestris, 6: 19; se lata, 6: 19 Salvia sylvestris near Penllyn, Pa. 6: 19; verticillata at Sellersville, Pa., 6: 19 Sambueus canadensis, 3: 20; pubens, 1: 12, 1 Samolus floribundus, 3: 19; 6: 17 Sand Dune Plants from Longport, N. J., Some, 1: 18-19 Sanguinaria canadensis, 6: 24 anguisorba canadensis, 1: 14, 20, 21; 4: 21 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Sanicula, 9: 43 Sargent, ’ Winthrop, 9: 41 Sarothra gentianoides, 2: 13; 3:18 Sarracenia flava, 9: 13; minor, 9: 13; oe 9: 13; purpurea, As Lis: 3s Bly Bs. Os Sx 27h 7: its nine, 9: 13 Sas safcan yes 26 Saunders, C. F., 2: 24; 6: 7; 8: 5, 37; 10: 38, 58 Savastana nashii, 3: 32; odorata, 1: 25 Saxifraga aizoon, 6: 22; micran- thidifolia, 3: 28; 4: 9, 103: Gs 16; tricuspidata, 6: 23 Schaeffer, Mrs. ca 8: Schallert, P. O., 1 Scheuchzeria vahatcs 6; 22 Schizaea pusilla, 4: 13; 10: 32 Schneider, Camillo, 10: 47 Schoenus “eositellctus, 8: 21; glo- ratus. 21 5 ens, 1: 14; siscuaiea. 8: 20; capita, 8: 20; eyperinus, 5: 74 minalis, 4: 4; a 23-16; 12738. oe annuus, “ 16; 7: ve Seleria mina, 4 4; reticularis, 19; verticillata, - 16, 20, 21, 23 ; ;: 28; 10: 4 Aclarolipie Seay St.10; 7: 38 Scrophularia lanceolata, B: 29; leporella, 8: 29; marilandica, 8: 29 Serophulariaceae, The Pollination of two Tidewater, 8: 9-11 Seutellaria epilobiifolia, 8: 29; galericulata, 1: 11; 8: 29; in- nce 3: 19; nervosa, 2: 30; 21 hits acre, 2: 16 Seese, Samuel P., 2: 28 Seifriz, William, 9: 44 Selaginella apoda, 8: 14; apus, 7: 23; rupestris, 6: 25; selagin- oides, 6 Senecio tomentosus, 5: 18 Serapias helleborine, 9: 7—10 Serapias helleborine L., A new Sta- tion for, 9: 7-9; On the Distri- bution of, in Western New York, ee: 0 Sericocarpus pee 7: 19 Sesuvium maritimum, Setaria glauca, 8: 16 Shryock, stus, 9: 21, 35 ugu = earoliniana, 6: 24; vulgaris, Snakes altissimum, 2: 16 Sisyrinchium, 9: 43; bermudianum, 6: 21; mucronatum, 1: 8 Sium cicutaefolium, 8: 28; suave, 8 8: 24; rotundifolia, 3: 14; 7: 18; walteri, 5: 19; 7: 18 Benjamin H., ars. G Smith, Charles E., 2: 20; 10: 38 Smith, Uselma C., 1: ond Soil Acidity, Notes on some Local Plants and their, 8: 33-34 Solanum duleamara, 1; 11; grum, 3: 19 ni- PHILADELPHIA se ped altissima, 2: 14; pe ; canadensis, 7: 19; iot- tii, - 29; 6: 173 feisloan, 7s 19; graminifolis nuttallii, 6: 11; neglecta, 6: 11; 7: 19; odora, 3: Bissas 10: 8 hs Hen “rg i=} > — a6; 2: rigida, 3: 28; 4: 8, 22; rugosa, 6: 11; sempervirens, 3: 21; Squarrosa, 2: 14; suaveolens, 8: 32; tenuifolia, 6: 11, 12, 14; dliptioen) 1; 15-17 Sorbus patti tag Se | MG bah Lg ; 6: 24; sambucifolia, 6 22 sen Lee, 2: 31; 3: 31; 4: 37; : smu; 7: Bis Gi BF, 40; 9: 44 arganium ee diversifolium, 7: 25 Spartina stance 8: 17; gla- bra , 8: 18; patens, 1: 23; 3: 14; 7: 35; SS Geographic Arrange- 8: 35 Spiraea tomentosa, 6: 10, 15 senilespa sornua, 9: 10; gracilis, olia, temaegerses D. Walter, 9: 44 tenant eum, 9: 39; te n, Thomas, 8: 3 Stone, Hugh E., 10: os 52, 59 Stone, Wirmer, Abama americana, (Ker) Morong, 4: 1-5; Charles Sumner Williamson, 7: 1-5; Stewardson Brown, 8: 1-6; The Coastal Strip of New Jersey and the Rediscovery of Lilaeopsis, 1: 20-24 BOTANICAL CLUB 21 Stone, Witmer, 1: 1, 2, 25, 26; 2: ; 8: 26, 28, ered bo =) : put Rage bo a 25; 8: "37 0 Street, J. Fletcher, 10: 59 lo Streptopus longipes, 6: 22 Strophostyles helvola, 3; 17; um- bellata, 3: es Swertia difformis, 8: 28 Symphoricarpos albus, 8: 31; race- mosus, 8: 31; symphoricarpos, Syndesmon thalictroides, 4: 22; 6: 24 Syndesmon thalictroides (Linn.) Hoffmg., Chlorophyllous State of, 22 Taraxacum 24; 8: 3 taraxacum, 3: 20 Taylor’s Flora of the errng of New York, Norman, 8: Taylor, William eo 8: 40; erythrospermum, 6: vigatum, 8: 31; Teucrium boreale, 4: 25; ense, 3: Thalictrum dioicum, 7: 22 Thomas, David, 9: 21, 42 Tiarella cordifolia, 1: 6 Tilia heterophylla, 3: 32 Tipularia unifolia, 1: 25 si marina, 3: 16; rubra, 2: 16; 2 16 Bie pe glutinosa, 6: 22; race- mosa, 4: 2-4; 5: Torrey, John, 6: fr Tournefort, 10: Trail of the a Water, The, 5: 6-10 Triadenum virginicum, 3: 18 22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Trials and Pleasures of the Collec- tor, 11-13 Trientalis americana, 1: 12; 2: 2, Trifolium arvense, 3: 17; pratense, ie f Triglochin maritimum, 6: 23 rillium cernuum, 1: ore Trimble Herbarium, 10: 57 Trimble, iniphors pabahe nabs 2: 29 Trollius laxus, 1: 8, 9, 16; 2: 1; 10: 40 TRUDELL, Harry W., A new Col- ony of Elliottia, 10: 24; Rescu- ing Elliottia, 9: 11-15 Trudell, Harry W., 8: 38-40; 9: . W. PENNELL, True, Rodney H., 9: 44; 10: 59 ga canadensis, 1: 6; 2: 17, 29 ulipa sylvestris, 1: 25; 6: 18 Turner, Judge, 9: 21, 35 Turpin, P. J. F., 9: Typha sngustifotia: &: ids Gs 9; latifolia, 3: 13; 6: 9 Unifolium canadense, 3: 14 Urban, A. E., 10: 56 nitida, 2: 20; 3: 31; puberula, 2: 20 Vaccinium album, 8: 31; vanicum, 1: 10, 12; uliginosum, 6: 23; vacillans, 1: 15; virga- tum, 6: 13 Vagnera racemosa, 3: 14; oe hs. Us 18s 10546 Valerianella locusta, 2: 16 Vallisneria americana, 8: 15; spi- ralis, 8: 15 Van Pett, S. S., Additional Notes on the Flora of Northampton Co., 2: 1-2; Botanical Trips to Northampton County, Pa., 1: 5- 17 stellata, Van Pelt, S. S., 1: 20, 22, 23, 25, 2736246; 17, 19,21; 6: TU, Si, 26, 27; 7: 22, 26; 10: 40 Varnum, Charles, 5: 21 Vernonia noveboracensis, 1: 20 Veronica americana, 1: 11; ana- gallis-aquatica, 1: 8; buxbaumii, 8: 30; persica, 8: 30; scutellata, 1: 7; tournefortii, 8: 30 : 13; venosum, Vicia alone 4: 21; cracea, 7: 20; sativa, 7: 20 Viola atonal 6: 23; brittoniana, laefolia, 3: 18; 5: 18; 7: 19; pubescens, 6: 24; sonbente, as & 6: 2 Vitis aestivalis, 3: 18; labrusca, 1: 14; 3: 17; 6: 12; vulpina, 1: 9 PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 23 Waldsteinia fragarioides, 1: 9, 16; 5: 19 Walmsley, Thomas, 9: 35 ; ure and eg Station, Lancaster Co., : 15-16 ses. ‘ies sy 2: 803 62-223 : 24; 7: 26; 8: 38 eee EDGAR T., Chasing Che- lones, 10: 1-11; Hukes on some Local Plants ain their Soil Acid- ity, 8: 33-34; see PENNELL and WHERRY Wherry, Edgar T., 8: 39; 9: 11- bbe ee ia 7 AES ee 443.7 Wilson, aie P92 Ss Windle, Francis, 4: 25, 27 Wister, William Wynne, 10: 38 Wolffiella floridana, 4: 26 Wo ee haan Ts. 18; 62 18; obtus : 18 wosayiegs areolata, 6: 12; vir- ginica, 6: 9 Workman, J. H., 2: 26 Xanthium americanum, 8: 32; canadense, 3: 20; italicum, 8: 32; glabratum, 8: 32 Xanthoxylum americanum, 2: 30 Xolisma, 9: 15 Kyldetican caeruleum, 6: 23; ob- longifolium, 6: arenicola, 4: 26; congdoni, 4: 4; elata, 4: 18; 5: 17; 10: 32; fexncns, 2: 16; 3: 14; 6: 10 Youngken, Heber W, 8: 38 Yucca filamentosa, 5: 19; 7: 21 Zizania aquatica, 7: 20 gianna: elegans, 6: 22; oides, 6: 10, 11 lei- No. 1 aia vib “Ro ig 2% BARTONIA PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB No. I. PHILADELPHIA, PA. 1908 Introductory At the close of its seventeenth year the Philadelphia Botani- eal Club has decided to begin the issue of a series of annual publications containing an abstract of its proceedings, and short articles dealing with the plants of the region about Philadelphia covered by its Herbarium. As a title we have chosen Bartonta in honor of Prof. Wm. P. C. Barton, Professor of Botany in the University of Pennsyl- vania, 1815, and author of the first local flora relating to this vicinity, the CompENpIUM FLor& PHILADELPHIC#, published in 1818. Our frontispiece represents our first President, and the lead- ing spirit in the foundation of the Club, the late Dr. J. Bernard Brinton, to whose enthusiasm and untiring zeal much of the success of the Club is due. The plate is from a sketch by our late member, Mr. Albrecht Jahn. STEWARDSON Brown, Editor, JosEPH CRAWFORD, WiTMER STONE, Publication Committee. A Brief History of the Philadelphia Botanical Club BY STEWARDSON BROWN On the afternoon of December 1, 1891, eight men, Dr. J. Bernard Brinton, Thomas Meehan, Isaac C. Martindale, Uselma C. Smith, Witmer Stone, Joseph Crawford, George M. Beringer and Stewardson Brown, met in the Council Room of the Academy of Natural Sciences. Most of them had enjoyed the informal evenings in Dr. Brinton’s ‘‘Den,’’ and from time to time the weekly tramps under his leadership, and the time seemed ripe to organize into a local botanical club, the better to make use of the information being gathered, and with the co-operation of others who might be interested, to increase the knowledge of the local flora. Dr. Brinton was chosen Chairman of the meeting and Mr. Brown, Secretary. It was resolved to form an organization to be known as the Philadelphia Botanical Club, and a committee was appointed to draw up a proper constitution and by-laws, and report at a meeting to be held at the same place a week later. The second meeting found six additional prospective members present, Dr. A. W. Miller, Benjamin Heritage, Charles D. Lippincott, Albrecht Jahn, Frank Miles Day, and Richard H. Day. The constitution and by-laws prepared were adopted, and permanent officers elected to serve for one year or until their successors be chosen. Dr. J. Bernard Brinton was chosen President, Isaac C. Martindale Vice-President and Treasurer, and Stewardson Brown, Secretary. The objects of the Club as outlined were to further the inter- ests of botany and make a check-list and herbarium of the plants to be found within a radius of fifty miles of Philadelphia, Messrs. Crawford and Beringer were appointed a committee to act with the chairman to secure a proper herbarium case for the use of the Club. December 22d another meeting was held, when five addi- (2) PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB.. 3 tional members, Dr. John W. Harshberger, J. Bernard Morris, Edward Pennock, Morris E. Leeds, and Arthur N. Leeds, were added to the roll. The committee on herbarium reported in favor of accepting a collection representing most of the known local species, and a case offered to the Club by Isaac C. Martin- dale. These were duly received a month later, and Messrs. Brown and Beringer appointed a committee to care for same. A Field Committee was appointed consisting ef Joseph Craw- ford, Chairman, Dr. Adolph W. Miller, and Uselma C. Smith. February 14, 1892, the Club held its first field trip at Bar- tram’s Garden, but little was noted other than the condition of some of the trees. What may be considered as the first real field trip, however, was held at York Furnace, Pa., from May 28th to 80th, inclusive, when a number of members availed themselves of an opportunity of studying the flora of this most interesting region. Mr. Brown, who had visited the locality some years previous, was chosen a guide. A second trip was made to the same place the first week of the following Septem- ber, the results of the two being chronicled in a memorial vol- ume printed for the members of the two parties. During the first year the meetings had been held semi- monthly, on the second Monday afternoon and fourth Thursday evening, but beginning with November, 1892, were reduced to once a month, on the fourth Thursday evening, and have been held ever since from September to May, inclusive. In January, 1893, the Club met with its first loss in the death of its Vice-President and Treasurer, Isaac C. Martindale; Messrs. Uselma C. Smith and Arthur N. Leeds being elected to the respective offices thus made vacant. On May 30, 1893, was held the first joint field meeting with the Torrey Botanical Club at the Nockamixon Cliffs, at Nar- rowsville, Pa., Dr. Thomas C. Porter acting as guide, and on July 1-4 of the same year a second field meeting was held in the Pocono region at Tobyhanna, Pa.; both were interesting occasions to the members of the doond: club who participated, and were the commencement of a close relationship between the members of the two organizations which has continued ever since. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE In December, 1894, the Club met with a severe blow in the sudden death of its President and founder, Dr. J. Bernard Brinton. He had been the leading spirit in all its undertak- ings, and the intimate way in which all had learned to know him made his loss the more deeply felt. A letter received from Dr. Henry Kraemer, on the occasion of the fifteenth anniver- sary, says: ‘‘I have always had a high regard for the work of the founder, Dr. J. Bernard Brinton. He can only be com- pared to an all-wise and beneficent giant who knew something of nearly everything, and was continually helping the fellow who wanted some light on natural science.’’ This feeling so admirably expressed was surely reflected in all, and it was de- termined that there could be no more fitting memorial than to try to carry on the work as far as possible in the way he would have wished it done ; how well the Club has succeeded in this is left for others to judge. Uselma C. Smith was elected the second president, and a year later was succeeded in that office by George M. Beringer, who had been an active spirit in the Club’s affairs since its inception. In December, 1898, Joseph Crawford was elected to the presidency, and has been re-elected each succeeding year. During the week of July 4, 1904, the first Botanical Sympo- sium was held in the Susquehanna valley, at McCall’s Ferry, Pa., The success of this and of the meetings which have followed is due in a large measure to the efforts of the Club’s President. In December, 1905, one of the objects for which the Club had been working was realized in the publication of the ‘‘ Handbook of the Flora of Philadelphia and Vicinity,’’ compiled by Dr, Ida A. Keller and Stewardson Brown from records furnished by the Club members and others, and has proven a stimulus to a more thorough study of the flora of the region ; the rapid in- crease in the herbarium since that time, with the number of species and records of distribution added to the published list, is sufficient evidence of this, and the Club may congratulate itself on what has been accomplished without decreasing its efforts to carry out its first object, ‘‘to further the interests of Botany.’’ Botanical Trips to Northampton County, Pa., in 1908 BY 8. 8. VAN PELT Prior to the fall of 1907 but little was known to the Phila- delphia Botanical Club respecting the flora of Northampton county, Pa. A few odd specimens of comparatively ancient vintage, were in the local herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia from Wind Gap, Pen Argyl and other places. A good preliminary skirmish had been recently made along the Delaware river shore, opposite Belvidere, N. J., and a number of interesting plants had been collected in the imme- diate vicinity of Martin’s creek ; but nothing of any account had been done in the interior before September 2d of that year, when, upon the invitation of Mr. Charles C. Bachman, of Bangor, a day was spent in the neighborhood of that town by a few members of the Club, with Mr. Hess, of Bangor, as guide, Mr. Bachman being unfortunately unable to join the party at that time. What was done upon that occasion was described at length at a Club meeting of last season, and need not be de- tailed here, as the same localities were revisited in 1908 and collections made of the same material under more favorable conditions. It will be easier, and certainly more readable, to give the results of our investigations in historical sequence rather than in dry tabular form. So, then, on May 29, 1908, Messrs. E. B. Bartram, Bayard Long andS. S. Van Pelt might have been seen on a late after- noon train approaching South Bethlehem, when, on the steep bank of the first deep railroad cut about a mile or so below the station, a large colony of a strange plant arrested their atten- tion ; the bright yellow blossoms particularly excited univer- sal admiration and wonder. What could this plant be? No one had any idea, and not till June 30th was the mystery solved, when its vigorous broom-like growth, very noticeable from the train, at once suggested Cytisus scoparius, which, in- (5) 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE deed, the plant finally proved to be when collected in fruit on August 3d. From Bethlehem one may go to Bangor by either of two trol- ley routes, the one going direct to Nazareth without change being preferable. At Nazareth there is again choice of route ; the line going by way of Wind Gap should be chosen here, on account of the superior scenery. Upon this occasion the trip up from Bethlehem was made after dark, so that it was not then observed how sadly cultivation had encroached on the botanical hunting-grounds nearly all the way to the foot of the Blue Mountains, there being left but few places of promising aspect. Early on the morning of the 30th Mr. C. S. Williamson joined the party, together with Mr. Bachman, who has been collecting in this region for several years, and who presented us with some choice specimens of early flowering plants for which we had arrived too late. Reinforced also by the addition of Mr. Hess, we began operations, in a disagreeable drizzle, in a dark wood on high ground to the southwest of Bangor, called locally the ‘‘ Greenwold.’’ This wood is traversed by a swift little stream of purest water, and in various ways suggests the Pocono region; Hemlock and Rhodendrons were here abundant and the yellow birch frequent (Betula allegheniensis?). The first interesting find was a large patch of Caltha in a little open wet place; some of the party considered it to be C. flabellifo- lia; it may prove to be so. Just about this time rain drove us to the woods, where the leaves of Blephariglottis psycodes were now showing. Here Circea alpina was collected, found here in 1907 ; Carex trisperma was discovered by Mr. Van Pelt, while Mr, Williamson was fortunate enough to turn up Alsine borealis, a species new to our Club collection. Going further south in this wood, Mr. Bachman called atten- tion to some plants of Cypripedium parviflorum now past flower- ing ; a large colony of Tiarella cordifolia was then encountered, with fortunately a few flowers still persisting ; this plant also being new to the local collection. Emerging into a very wet meadow on the east side of the wood we collected Carer conoidea and (©. granularis, the latter being the common Carex through- PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 7 out the region. Mr. Bartram found a single bush of Viburnum pubescens, in flower; this seems to be a very rare plant indeed in the Club territory ; Viburnum lentago, also rare, was col- lected here, too. Very noticeable here, and in fact in all the boggy places of this region was Veronica scutellata, normally a northern species. Rain all the afternoon kept the party indoors, but it cleared off toward evening, and we took a long walk north toward the the mountains. We found our maps gave a very unsatisfactory botanical idea of the country, as it is now, at all events, as fre- quently the best bogs are not marked at all, while other appa- rent bogs, so marked on the map, have disappeared, either by reason of drainage or from some other cause; there exists also a second railroad, north of the one on the map, roughly parallel with it, that is liable to cause confusion. The next morning, the 31st, we took the trolley car for Port- land, without guides; this line, after passing East Bangor, runs south of and somewhat parallel to the railroad to Portland, and between the two lines, lie perhaps the best botanical grounds of this section. We left the car a little west of Johnsonville, three and one-half miles northeast of Bangor, and crossing the short slope to the railroad, found Carex bromoides very abundant on both sides of it, west of a large wood ; Moehringia lateriflora was abundant here and in magnificent flower. North of the railroad, in the open, the ground was extremely wet after so “much rain, the grass was very tall, and collecting was accord- ingly very disagreeable ; here Mr. Williamson found some very small specimens of Arisema pusillum. Following the railroad east through the large wood, we found a deep ditch on either side, and in one of these Mr. Van Pelt discovered a small col- ony of Nawmburgia thyrsiflora, another new plant for our herba- rium; more of this was seen in the wet woods north of the railroad, where Rubus americanus was found in abundance; a decidedly northern plant. Meanwhile Mr. Williamson had turned up a large colony of Equisetum fluviatile; more Caltha was seen along here, perhaps C. flabellifolia. Dryopteris cristata and the large variety were both collected in the woods, and presently Mr. Long, who first detected Rhamnvus alnifolia, in 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE leaf, at the Newton Symposium, further distinguished himself by finding it here, in green fruit. A first-rate colony of Coptis trifolia, in fruit, was found near the end of the wood; this plant occurs quite frequently in the region. Trollius, though found in several places, is sufficiently rare here to deserve mention as also growing on the edge of this wood. South of the railroad, a quarter of a mile east of the station at Johnsonville, is a small bog that proved quite a botanical mine. Mr. Bartram opened the attack by detecting Carex flava, the first one of its kind to find its way to our herbarium (except a stray ballast specimen), Eriophorum gracile, Drosera rotundt- folia, Carex tetanica, C. lanuginosa and C. bromoides in much better shape than in the first locality were some of the good things seen here; Alnus incana was growing near by, on the other side of the railroad. It is a little curious that Parnassia, now showing leaves and growing so abundantly in all these boggy places from Johnsonville east, should be absent from the Bangor swamps. Leaving this bog, a halt was now made for dinner at a small hotel in Johnsonville, where a demonstration was given us of practical botany and of the merits of strawberries preserved in the sun ; the adhesive properties of the latter were such that it required no small effort to tear the party away; this being accomplished, however, we next moved eastward along the rail- road, and at the first cross-road turned up towards the trolley line. Sisyrinchium mucronatum, mostly a northern species, was gathered somewhere along here, as was also Angelica atropur- purea, yet another addition to the Club herbarium. Just over the fence on the left was a fine open meadow, and the writer noticed some curious dark-colored objects growing there, re- sembling clover heads, which upon closer view proved to be a large colony of Geum rivale in flower, this was a most welcome addition to our collection; Salix candida and the beautiful Eriophorum polystachyon were found by Bartram, both novelties to the Club herbarium ; among the sedges, Carex interior must be here noted. Resuming our route eastward along the railroad, the next in- teresting thing seen was Veronica Anagallis-aquatica ; not rare PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 9 here, I believe. After looking into the bog where we first saw Parnassia last year, and where we now collected more Carex interior, we went south to the trolley line, followed it eastward, gathering Vitus vulpina by the way, and made a very hasty ex- amination of a damp meadow on the right, not far west of Mount Bethel, where Trollius was collected in 1907; here a single specimen of Carex pallescens was found by Mr. Van Pelt, and more Carex flava was collected. From this point a rather disagreeable route was followed across cultivated fields back toward the railroad, which widely diverges from the trolley line as it approaches Mount Bethel; the final slope north to the railroad is very boggy, and extremely interesting botanically. Lack of time necessitated a hasty transit, and we proceeded to a small wood at the head of a pond north of the Mount Bethel railroad station; here Mr. Long, in September, 1907, had dis- covered Conioselinum chinense, a species, according to Porter’s Pennsylvania Flora, not before recorded outside of Allegheny and Huntingdon Counties, the plants were now in leaf only, small, and not at all abundant; other things of interest here were Waldsteinia, Polygala paucifolia, Carex trisperma, and a most peculiar willow with wooly leaves, on the border of the pond. Proceeding on the road to Portland, in a field on the left, Carex tetanica was again collected, and Castilleja coccinea noted in great abundance in good flower. At Portland the party took the train home, well satisfied with their experiences. The second expedition was made on June 26. The writer arriving first had an afternoon by himself in the ‘‘ Greenwold.”’ Here were collected Panicularia elongata, a characteristic north- ern grass; Conopholis, decidedly scarce, and a number of common things, Chamznerion was making a fine display, Blephariglottis psycodes was in good flower, but all ‘‘ paled their ineffectual fire ’’ before the glory of the Rhododendrons. The following day the party, consisting of Messrs. Bachman, Hess, Bartram, and Van Pelt, started north up Martin’s Creek. In a large wood on the left, about a mile above Bangor, more and better Panicularia elongata was collected, and Gymnadeniopsis clavellata noted in leaf. Further north, west of the wood, in a large boggy meadow, Eriophorum paucinervium was gathered. From about 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE this point the mountains looked extremely alluring, and Mr. Bartram proposed to try the ascent of a peculiar projection from the main ridge known as the Big Offset. It was decided that there would be better chances botanically on the northern slope, and accordingly, after some difficulty in finding our way around to that side, due to missing the road to a saw-mill well inside the shallow valley between the two ridges, we found ourselves about one-third of the way up, on a road running up the valley along the mountain, at a good elevation. Here the route, fol- lowing the directions given by the natives, proceeded straight up the mountain, without the slightest indication of a trail, through a very suspicious-looking dense undergrowth, over small irregu- lar rocks. Symptoms of ‘‘ ophiophobia’”’ developed rapidly in some of the party, but the courageous Mr. Bartram took the lead with such a sovereign contempt for the lurking enemy that snakes were soon forgotten, and we presently reached safely the more open final rocky slopes just below the summit. Here we were richly rewarded with the following good finds: Acer penn- sylvanicum, in good fruit and quite frequent, Betula papyrifera, found by Mr. Bartram, Sorbus Americana, in green fruit and abundant. On the summit, Sorbus was very common, Ilicioides mucronata quite common, Ribes rotundifolia occurred sparingly, and Vaccinium pennsylvanicum ran riot. A very neat little cherry, Prunus pennsylvanica, was collected in fruit, and a peculiar Viburnum noted by Mr. Bartram, who also made the important discovery of Azalea canescens; the latter, together with the Sorbus, Betula and Prunus, are new to the Club her- barium. While we are on the summit, we must not fail to visit the rocky promontory at the extreme eastern end of the Offset, which affords an excellent view both of the mountain range itself and of the country southward, disfigured by the all too numerous slate quarries. On the descent, Cornus circinata and Diervilla were collected, both abundant, and Lilium Philadelphicum observed lower down, becoming more abundant at the foot. Dinner was had at a small place at North Bangor, and in the afternoon the first notable plant found was Batrachium flaccidum, in a little streamlet, the outlet of a great bog (so marked on the map), PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 11 just east of North Bangor; this bog was in part investigated, but nothing whatever found of interest. From here we pro- ceeded towards Johnsonville, partly along the railroad, partly along the road, Asclepias incarnata was noted as the common milkweed, and A. eraltata found quite frequently. From John- sonville station we walked west, following the reverse route of the morning of May 31st. By the railroad, Liliwm canadense and Asclepias purpurascens were collected, and in the large wood north of the railroad Rubus americanus collected in fruit; Naumburgia was getting into fruit and a piece thereof put in press, Carex comosa and Scutellaria galericulata, rare, were also noted. Early on the 28th, in an extensive wood west of the chief Italian section of Ranges called Roseto, Calla palustris was seen in abundance, with some plants still in good flower; here Panicularia pallida and P. fluitans were collected, as were various members of the Ilex family, including Jlicioides. Our party, now reduced to three, Van Pelt, Long and Bartram, turned once more toward Johnsonyille ; various plants before mentioned were now collected in fruit; Veronica americana was noted. Southeast of Johnsonville, east of the place where Geum rivale was found, is a rather large wood, where Fraxinus nigra, and an abundance of Dryopteris cristata were observed. Near the middle of this wood a large group of Cypripedium par- viflorum was seen, and along a little stream running through it Conioselinum was quite frequent ; Allium tricoccum, Betula alle- gheniensis (?), Rubus americanus, Smilax hispida, Trillium cer- nuum were all here. Between the wood and the trolley line is a very fine bog called Getz’s swamp; here Sarracenia purpurea was seen, and, earlier, Mr. Bachman had found one or two plants of Cypripedium reging!, of which, after long careful search, we saw no trace. Dinner was had once more at Johnsonville (more sun-pre- served fruit being ‘‘noted’’) and we then visited a large ice pond, north, collecting here Naias flexilis, Carex flava and Pota- mogeton pusillus (?) ; Solanum dulcamara appeared to be very common around Johnsonville. Further northeast another large pond was examined, and in the woods at the west end were 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE found Alliwm tricoccum, Caulophyllum and an abundance of Conioselinum. We then turned toward the boggy slope one-half mile west of Mount Bethel, before referred to as so hastily traversed, and found here Carex flava absolutely common. In a pine grove on this slope Coptis and Pyrola secunda were collected, Trientalis was noted, while the presence of Conioselinum failed to occasion further surprise. On the open slope were numerous little slightly raised places, islands, as it were, and on one of these Mr. Long discovered a fine colony: of his peculiar specialty, Rhamnus alnifolia. The writer discovered in a similar situation Oxycoccus macrocarpus, a plant long sought in vain in the region ; Alnus incana was collected in good shape, Drosera rotundifolia and Limodorum were observed, Rhynchospora capillacea noted as common on the upper slope, and presently we came upon a few plants of Pogonia ophioglossoides. Mr. Bartram unfortunately left before this exploration was completed, having to catch the train at Portland. Melanthium latifolium was one of the last plants collected, and far up on the slope, on our way to Mount Bethel to take the car for Bangor, a fine large patch of Rhodo- dendrons was admired, in beautiful bloom. On the 29th, Mr. Bachman and Mr. Hess joined us in an attack on the Little Offset; this time we took a wagon as far as the foot of the mountain, and on our way saw for the first time here Sambucus pubens, apparently scarce. We ascended the mountain from the north side, the valley between the two ridges being extremely shallow, a mere gully, in fact. An old trail helped us here materially ; on the way up we gathered in Carex foenea, Diervilla, Panicum macrocarpon, Cornus circinata and Corylus rostrata. On the summit nothing not previously noted was seen; we collected, however, Acer pennsylvanicum, Azalea canescens, Vaccinium pennsylvanicum, Prunus pennsylvanica and Tlicioides ; oddly enough, no Sorbus was visible. After descending, we walked along the road following the line of the mountains toward the Big Offset ; far up the mountain certain rock ledges caught the eye of Mr. Long, and we decided to make a second ascent. This was the most difficult work that we had had yet, as the slope was quite steep, and in places PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 13 actual climbing was required ; Sambucus pubens was again seen here. Reaching the ledges we were rewarded with two ferns, Woodsia obtusa and W. ilvensis ; Capnoides sempervirens grew on another ledge in the greatest profusion. The following day, June 30th, we were guided by Mr. Bach- man in a new direction. Below Delabole, two miles southwest of Bangor, in a railroad cut, we were shown Phegopteris Phegop- teris in considerable quantity ; from the general appearance of the place, we at once suspected that P. Dryopteris should be found there also, and our suspicions were shortly confirmed ; by a stream near by, Betula Allegheniensis (?) was collected in fine fruit. On our way back to Bangor we digressed to the right to a large wood, where Isotria was very abundant, Hypopitys sp. being also collected here. but nothing else of particular interest. On July 31st, the writer went alone to this region; the Greenwold was first examined, but little new seen of interest ; Actza alba and some other common things were collected, and the ripe fruit of Viburnum pubescens gathered from the same bush found in May. The following day, in company with Mr. Bach- man, the woods north of Bangor, west of Martin’s creek, were visited, and a vain search made for Botrychium simplex, a single specimen of which had been collected earlier by Mr. Bachman ; Waldsteinia was here seen in leaf, and Carex scabrata and Coral- lorhiza multiflora were collected. Continuing north to the rail- road, this was followed west, with some digressions, to Bangor Junction ; here, north of the track, an abundance of Blephari- glottis psycodes was shown to me by Mr. Bachman, in fine bloom, while curiously enough this plant in the Greenwold was quite past flower. A sort of half circle, west and south, was made from here to the woods west of Roseto, where were collected Decodon, Ilicioides in fruit, Aronia nigra and Coptis, from a newly discovered and very fine colony ; leaves of Jsotria were observed here also, and Vaccinium corymbosum and V. atrococceum found hopelessly mixed. The following day, August 2d, Mount Bethel was visited, and a little west of the famous springy slope, in a grassy meadow not before explored by me, Mr, Bachman pointed out his lately found Ophioglossum vulgatum; in the same meadow Lacinaria 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE spicata was abundant, as was also Oxycoccus macrocarpus, and altogether this place seemed well worthy of a visit some future spring. The only new plants collected on this occasion from the springy slope near the Pinus Strobus grove were Scirpus atro- virens, Myrica carolinensis in fruit, Aronia nigra and Epilobium strictum, the latter plant, though seen in several localities about the region, never being abundant; going west along the rail- road to Johnsonville one or two plants of Blephariglottis psycodes were noticed. After dinner at the little hotel (the supply of sun-preserved fruit being now apparently exhausted) we re- visited the bogs and wood east of the station, in the first bog the writer turned up Eleocharis intermedia, new to our herbarium, Mr. Bachman collected Sanguisorba canadensis. In the woods north of Getz swamp, Trillium cernuum berries were very con- spicuous and abundant, Blephariglottis psycodes was collected in beautiful condition. In Getz swamp, Epilobium strictum was represented by two or three plants, as remarked at Mount Bethel ; remarkable is it that no Asclepias pulchra was found anywhere, its place being taken by A. incarnata. No more excursions were undertaken to the region until fall, when, on September 4th, the writer arrived in the afternoon and took a solitary trip through the Greenwold ; Corallorhiza multi- flora in fruit and various common plants were collected. In the wet meadow east, the great abundance of Polygala ambigua was noted, and, more important, the very marked distinction between Jlex verticillata, collected in this meadow, and I. bronz- ensis, collected on the other side of the wood, was convincingly brought out by their aspect in fruit. That evening Mr. Bartram arrived on the scene, and on the 5th, together with Mr. Bachman, a final assault was made on the Big Offset. This time we ascended by the eastern slope, some open fields extending well up on that side greatly facili- tating the approach ; Helianthus strumosus was found near the foot of the mountain, and mention may be here made of the abundance of Vitis labrusca in the region, these grapes were now ripening, and were by no means neglected. The ascent was decidedly steep, and little of interest was noted, Melanthium latifolium, Solidago puberula, Dellingeria in- PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 15 firma, Aster levis, were seen en-route; the main object of the ascent was, of course, to collect the fruit of Sorbus, the great scarlet clusters of which were now making a gorgeous display on the summit. Trees of the striped maple five or six inches in diameter were noted. We walked along the southern edgea little way, and finding nothing of any account, then crossed to the northern side; here walking was much easier, exposed flat- rock surfaces affording a natural pathway, Quercus Prinus, Vaccinium vaccillans, Cypripedium acaule, Aronia nigra, and A. arbutifolia, appropriate plants for such a place, were all noted, and Nabalus trifoliolatus was collected. The descent was made rapidly, and the bed of an ancient stream followed through the shallow valley eastward in the hope of obtaining water. The stream bed consists of large, loose stones, and possibly there actually is a small rill some- where below, but not a drop was seen till the saw-mill was about reached. In this vicinity were growing Panicularia elongata, Aster acuminatus, Actea alba, and Gymnadeniopsis clavellata. Returning toward Bangor, we traversed the wood west of Martin’s Creek, and just outside the eastern border found for the first time in the region Solidago patula. On the 6th we went direct to the little bog east of Johnson- ville station, where Eleocharis intermedia was now found produc- ing apparently a second crop of fruit on much shorter culms; Solidago patula was collected, while Mr. Bartram called attention to another Goldenrod, S. uliginosa, found by him in the vicinity in 1907, this species is new to the local herbarium ; these two are the chief bog Goldenrods about Johnsonville and Mount Bethel, both being abundant. In the same bog Muhlenbergia racemosa was found, seen somewhere in the region by Mr. Bartram in 1907, but not determined till this year ; Lobelia Kalmii was here collected, and Panicum flezile found in much better shape than when first seen last year. The Geum rivale meadow was next visited, and a late rosette of that plant collected ; at the entrance to the wood east, Falcata Pitcheri was found. In Getz swamp, Muhlenbergia racemosa was again encountered, likewise another Muhlenbergia, resembling M. mez- icana, it agrees fairly with M. foliosa; we also saw in this 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE swamp Melanthium latifolium, and immense plants of Helianthus, well named giganteus. In the open, beyond the wood east of the swamp, Tyollius was now flowering a second time, quite the regular custom, it would seem, of this plant; near by Nabalus albus, with its bright cinnamon-colored pappus, was gathered. In another bog south of the railroad, further east, Epilobiwm lineavre was observed, and the party then pushed on direct to Mount Bethel for dinner. This important matter disposed of, we turned to our now favorite hunting-ground, the springy slope west of the station, south of the railroad. At the first little streamlet, Mr. Bartram called attention to Cyperus rivularis, Solidago patula being first carefully collected, we entered the wood from which the streamlet emerged, and Mr. Bartram soon unearthed Filix bulbifera; Nabalus albus, Waldsteinia, and Con- ioselinum were all noted, and the writer caused considerable hilarity by yet once more collecting Solidago patula, the plant was simply irresistible. Continuing across the slope, we found a colony of Pentstemon digitalis in fruit, and discovered a second locality in this region for Scleria verticillata, a plant found north- east of Mount Bethel by Mr. Long in 1907 ; collections were made both of Conioselinum in the pine grove, and of the follow- ing on the wet open slope west of it: Rhynchospora capillacea, Lobelia Kalmii, and Solidago uliginosa, all abundant plants. On the railroad we found Cyperus flavescens, and north of it a single bush of Viburnum Lentago, and then turned toward Portland. In the Castilleja meadow that plant was still in flower, growing with Lobelia Kalmii, Scleria verticillata, and Panicum flexile ; Aster nove-anglie was observed in the neighborhood, and Mr. Bartram made his final exit from the scene, taking the train home from Portland. On the 7th, the writer, accompanied by Mr. Bachman, walked to Richmond, about three miles southeast of Bangor, collecting on the way Quercus prinoides in fruit, but seeing little of botanical interest ; from here Mount Bethel was reached by road, passing through Stone Church, another zero being scored. From Mount Bethel an attempt was made to reach a little bog marked on our map one-half mile northwest of Portland, but no trace of it was found; another long walk west from this PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB, 17 point brought us to the large pond before mentioned, one mile northeast of Johnsonville, and here were collected Allium trico- cum in fruit, and Conioselinum; this somewhat unfruitful day brought the September excursion to a close. On October 2d I made a final solitary trip to Bangor, with the object of securing, among other things, more satisfactory specimens of Solidago uliginosa, and ripe fruit of Conioselinum ; on the third a visit was paid to Delabole. By the railroad, be- low the station, were collected riper fruit of the Yellow Birch, Gyrostachys sp., Gentiana Saponaria, and some very poor speci- mens of G. crinita; a single tree of Malus coronaria was pointed out by Mr. Bachman, the fruit of which had mostly fallen, and the remarkable viscidity of the surface of these little apples was noted. In the afternoon I went alone to Getz swamp and secured the fruit of Parnassia, and much better flowers of Gentiana crinita, Solidago, both here and in the little bog near Johnsonville sta- tion, exhibited a most puzzling and discouraging variety of aspect, and but a single specimen was collected ; probably it may nearly all be referred to S. uliginosa. From here I for the first time walked into Bangor along the railroad and saw near East Bangor abundance of Willugbaeya scandens. On Sunday, October 4th, I went alone to Mount Bethel to bring this botanical investigation to a close; Gentiana crinita was seen in fine bloom, and fruiting specimens were ob- tained of various plants formerly collected in flower, Coniosel- inum, Lobelia Kalmii, Parnassia; it took considerable time to select satisfactory specimens of Solidago uliginosa, but some widely divergent varieties were finally secured in flower and still retaining root leaves. In the afternoon, from a little hill south of the Ophioglossum meadow, a most beautiful view of the ever impressive Delaware Water Gap was enjoyed. The whole peaceful scene, together with the satisfaction arising from the very successful results of this long series of expeditions, com- bined to awaken the most pleasing thoughts, and lent a peculiar charm to these last hours in Northampton County. Some Sand Dune Plants from Longport, N. J. BY JOSEPH CRAWFORD The little narrow tongue of land forming the southern ex- tremity of Absecon Beach, upon which the borough of Long- port is located, offers so little inducement to the average botanist that no one but an enforced inhabitant of that isolated portion _ of New Jersey would endeavor to inspect those dunes for rare plants, and never expect to get anything but the usual maritime forms throughout the season. There is a narrow ridge of tree life along the bayside, begin- ning below Ventnor and ending abruptly at what was formerly called Oberon, but which is now, I believe, incorporated with Longport. From here to the inlet, a mile or more, there are no elevations but dunes, and no vegetation but beach grass and bay bush shrubbery, so to speak, or nothing larger than the beach plum. At about Tenth Avenue building operations cease, and the original dunes thereabout possess considerable interest. During the early summer of 1907, in company with Mr. Brown, I turned up great quantities of Rumex hastatulus, which had not previously been recorded from the State. It was scat- tered over this lower section, but did not occur above Tenth Avenue at Longport, nor on any other portion of the island, so far as I could discover. About the middle of June this year, after housing my family in a cottage, I strolled again into this section, when my eyes were attracted to a short spike of greenish-yellow flowers, and what was my surprise to find it was Leptorchis Loeselii in flower here on the open, grassy sands, but what was a still greater surprise was to find associated with it the sand-beach adder’s tongue, Ophioglossum arenarium, growing without the shade even of big bushes. The colony was not as large as the one recently destroyed at Holly Beach, but was just as healthy. 18) PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 19 Another curious associate in this sand dune swale was Onoclea sensibilis, three or four very small plants, ranging from one to three inches including the stipe. There are no mature speci- mens of the plant on any part of the island so far as I could discover, and the spores must have been carried either across the inlet from Ocean City or from the mainland about Somers’ Point. The apparent fixity of Longport building operations caused me to feel very comfortable regarding the preservation of these rare plants in the future, but my comfort was short-lived, as in less than two weeks a bungalow that had been enjoying precarious existence along the bay shore was transported bodily across the dunes midway to the sea and in close proximity to my choice spot. With such incidents occurring so near to our discoveries, I began to look the island over for other locations, and was rewarded by finding one other spot, in the vicinity of ‘‘the Elephant,’’ where a few Ophioglossums were growing. The Coastal Strip of New Jersey and the Rediscov- ery of Lilzeopsis BY WITMER STONE For some years past I have been impressed with the differ- ence between the flora of the New Jersey pine barrens proper | and the narrow strip of territory lying between them and the salt marshes or ‘‘ meadows”’ of the fishermen. The botanical richness of this coastal strip is remarkable. Not only do many characteristic pine-barren plants mingle with maritime species, but others that belong neither to one class nor to the other grow here in luxuriance. Lobelia cardinalis, Eupa- torium perfoliatum, Helenium autumnale, Sabbatia angularis, Laci- naria spicata, Sanguisorba canadensis, Vernonia noveboracensis and many other familiar plants of eastern Pennsylvania and northern and western Jersey grow along the coastal strip from Sandy Hook to Cape May, but will be sought for in vain in the pine barrens, The problem of discovering how they got there is not one to be solved by a season’s work, nor a hastily conceived theory, but is rather dependent upon a thorough knowledge of the compo- nents of this coastal flora and the distribution of each species, This is the side of botany which has always appealed most strongly to me, and the accumulation of facts for the elucida- tion of such problems is more gratifying than the discovery of new species. Therefore I try every season to pass some time on this inter- esting coastal strip, and I rarely fail to find ample reward. Our acquaintance with the flora of the coastal strip began at Cold Spring, just north of Cape May, where Messrs. William- son and Van Pelt made extensive collections in 1906. Among their more striking discoveries were Scleria verticillata, then un- known from the southern part of the State; Leptorchis Loeselit, Carex fusca, and Menyanthes trifoliata. (20 ) PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 21 The curious transition in floras as one approaches the salt water from the pine barrens was beautifully shown about Cold Spring, especially by the Sabbatias. Back at the head of the swamp in a little tract of pine barren affinities, grew the white S. lanceolata, which gave way along the coastal strip to S. angu- laris, which in turn was replaced by S. stellaris in the salt meadows. So also in the pine-barren areas were Blephariglottis blephariglottis and Lacinaria graminifolia pilosa, replaced in the coastal strip by B. lacera and L. spicata. In 1907 several members of the Club touched two points on the coastal strip that had not hitherto been investigated, namely, east of Cape May Court House and north of Palermo. At the former spot we were rewarded with great quantities of the Pink Orchid, Blephariglottis peramoena, growing close along the marsh border and mingling with Asclepias lanceolata, and strictly maritime plants. Above Palermo our greatest treat was a mass of Sanguisorba in more luxuriant bloom than I ever saw it else- where, and standing behind it rows of the tall purplish plumes of KErianthus compactus. At both places also we found Scleria verticillata, so that instead of a Cold Spring rarity, this obscure little sedge seems to be a regular member of the coastal strip flora, Early in August of the present year I took a tramp from Bees- ley’s Point to the causeway leading to Ocean City, and, as our 1907 trip began at this point, I had now roughly covered the country lying between Beesley’s Point and Palermo, and was ready to continue investigations southward to connect with work of earlier years. Beesley’s Point has many associations, and the old house still standing near the boat landing could doubtless tell many a tale of the enthusiasm of early naturalists. Here both Wilson and Audubon made their first acquaintance with the water-fowl, at a time when white egrets, skimmers, gulls, terns, stilts and avocets thronged the swamps and beaches, and here, too, all the early botanists made their headquarters when a large part of the flora of the surrounding wilderness was unknown to botanical science. Thomas Nuttall especially was wont to scour this region for novelties, and his label ‘‘ Egg Harbour’? refers to the 22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE vicinity of Beesley’s Point, on Great Ege Harbor Bay, not the later settlement of Egg Harbor City as some have inferred. In the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy are two Nut- tall specimens which bear this label, and it is not surprising that they were in my mind when I visited this historic spot, namely, Gymnandeniopsis integra and Lilxopsis lineata, but I saw nothing of either. On August 30 came the opportunity to continue my investi- gations, and the early excursion train for the shore—the ‘‘ bot- anists’ special ’’—was whirling Mr. Van Pelt and myself rapidly towards Palermo. We leave the train at this solitary little station to the aston- ishment of the excursionists, who in another moment are speed- ing away for the beach. The early morning rush to the ferry, the mouthful of break- fast swallowed hastily at a ‘‘hash house,’’ and the hilarity of the trainful of excursionists as we race madly eastward across the State are but memories as we find ourselves alone in the quiet of the pines. The barrens lie everywhere to the west of us and eastward are the green salt meadows, stretching miles away to the sea. There is always a fascinating uncertainty at the outset of one of these Jersey trips as to the insect density of the atmosphere—its ‘‘ mosquitology,’’ if we may be pardoned for following the ecologists in coining a new word. _ Long experience has shown that days group themselves in three categories: good days, when nature’s weapons suffice to kill the pests; ‘‘citronella’’ days, when artificial aid is necessary; and ‘‘mask days,’’? when nothing avails but protec- tion with gauze netting and gloves. August 30 wasa ‘‘ mask day,’’ and only he who has tramped the meadows in the boiling sun closely clad in coat and mask, and no breeze blowing, can appreciate what we had before us and the enthusiasm that is necessary to keep one going under such circumstances. It is not easy traveling either, in this coast strip country; all paths lead from the interior to the shore, or at right angles to our line of march, and muddy ditches have a way of running in the same angle. Then the woodland where it straggles out in points on to the marsh lands is a vast tangle of green brier PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 23 which is almost impenetrable, so that it is always better to go around than through. Hence by numerous windings we are forced to cover a great deal of ground while making but little definite advance. We were interested to find among the trees that make up these strips of coast woodland a number of dog- woods, Cornus florida, another species unknown in the pine barrens, while Juniperus virginiana, always the most character- istic coast-strip tree, was abundant. Down in the grass just where the Spartina and Juncus Gerardi of the marsh meet the upland species we found Oldenlandia uniflora and Chetochloa versicolor, and a little further on came upon the now familiar Scleria verticillata mingled inextricably with Fwirena and several grasses and rushes, and away out on the very edge of the salt grass were scattered plants of Bartonia. The white Eupatoriums of several kinds were just at their height, and the golden carpet of Bidens and Solidago was just becoming conspicuous, speckled here and there with the purple blossoms of Gerardia purpurea. In other places were only evi- dences of past glory, an acre or more of Kosteletzkya virginica all in fruit, so that the seeds rattled from the dry pods as we pushed through, and a great array of tall button-capped stalks of EHriocaulon decangulare. At one point well out on the salt meadows, farther than any of the inland plants had ventured, we were attracted by some waving wands of purplish hue, and we were soon examining a fine colony of Lythrum lineare not reported south of Ocean Co. in Britton’s Catalogue, but familiar to us at Cold Spring, where it was discovered by Mr. Van Pelt some yearsago. A few more steps and we were down in a slight depression where a fresh- water spring bubbles up in the salt meadows, and has belched up a quantity of white sand, which forms a hard bottom several yards in extent either way. This was covered with a thick mat of Muhlenbergia mexicana, already turning brown and well past flowering. A few bright green leaves protruding from below its edge caught Mr. Van Pelt’s eye, and as he pulled away some of the matted grass the shade of Nuttall arose before me, and I instinctively exclaimed Lilzopsis! And so it was, trailing all over this white sandy bottom with its little fleshy leaves erect, 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE and here and there the little recurved umbels of fruit, though it was rather over-ripe for collecting. Here it was within a short distance of Egg Harbor, as Nuttall used the term, and somewhere hereabouts he found it in 1817 or before, when it was known only from the types collected by Michaux in South Carolina, and perhaps from some other southern stations. Nuttall, taking it from the genus Hydroco- tyle where Michaux placed it, called it Crantzia, and says ‘* abundant near Egg-harbour, New Jersey, in a salt-marsh with Limnetis juncea, etc.’? Who shallsay that we had not rediscov- ered his identical station? It is an attractive thought, and we shall cling to it until it is shown that Lilaeopsis occurs at other points in the same vicinity. Abstract of the Proceedings of the Philadelphia Botanical Club for 1908 December 26, 1907. Annual meeting. Eighteen members present. Election of officers for the ensuing year resulted in the choice of : President, Joseph Crawford ; Vice-President, Dr. Ida A. Keller; Secretary, Stewardson rich: Treasurer, Arthur N. Leeds ; Sinton. Samuel 8. Van Pelt. The evening was devoted to in examination of a display of new and inter- esting species added to the herbarium during the year. January 23, 1908. Eleven members present. Messrs. Van Pelt, Brown, and Long spoke on ‘‘Some Plants of the Dela- ware Peninsula.”’ February 27, 1908.—Twelve members and one visitor present. Messrs. Van Pelt, Williamson and Long spoke on ‘“‘ Plants of the Upper Delaware.’’ March 26, 1908. Twenty-one members and two visitors pres- ent. Mr. Van Pelt spoke on ‘‘ Some Plants of the New Jersey Pine Barrens.’? Mr. Brown showed a specimen of Utricularia virgatula Barnhart, so named by Dr. Barnhart; the specimen was collected by the speaker at Cold Spring, Cape May Co., N. J., in August, 1891. April 23, 1908. Eighteen members and six visitors present. Mr. Stone spoke on ‘‘ Local Violets.’? Dr. Keller showed a specimen of Tulipa sylvestris L. collected at Lansdowne Glen, Fairmount Park, by Miss Alice Ryan, a High School student. May 28, 1908. Thirteen members and two visitors present. Mr. Van Pelt spoke on ‘‘ Plants of Cape May County, N. J.” Mr. O. H. Brown recorded the occurrence near Cape May of Hottonia inflata Ell., Leptorchis liliifolia (L.) Kuntze, Dennsted- tia punctilobula (Michx.) Moore, and the abundance of Savastina odorata (L.) Scribn. on the edge of the salt marsh ; Tipularia ( 25 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE unifolia (Muhl.) B. S. P. is abundant in the woods, and Malus angustifolia (Ait.) Michx. is abundant between the upland and salt marsh. September 24, 1908. Eleven members present. Mr. William Findlay was elected a member. Mr. Van Pelt gave a brief re- sumé of the summer’s work. Mr. Long showed specimens of Amaranthus pumilus Raf. from Long Beach Island, N. October 22, 1908. Seventeen members and one visitor pre- sent. C. C. Bachman, Bangor, Pa., and O. H. Brown, Cape May, N. J., were elected corresponding members. Messrs. Wil- liamson and Van Pelt spoke on the ‘‘ Delaware Symposium.”’ Messrs. Stone and Brown were appointed by the Chair to con- sider with him the publication of the Club’s proceedings. Mr. Bassett showed an interesting collection of cut Dahlias, speak- ing of their development in this country. November 25, 1908. Thirteen members and one visitor pre- sent. Mr. Williamson spoke on ‘‘Some Plants Observed near Washizgton, D. C., at Virginia Beach, Va., and Weldon, N. C., in the spring of 1908.’’ Mr. Bartram spoke of ‘‘ Some Collec- ‘tions around Weldon, N. C., during October,’’ and Mr. Lang spoke on ‘‘ Plants of Virginia Beach, Va., and Vicinity during Midsummer.’’ OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE Philadelphia Botanical Club 1909 JOSEPH CRAWFORD, President. Dr. IDA A. KELLER, Vice-President. STEWARDSON BROWN, Secretary. ARTHUR N. LEEDS, Treasurer. 8. 3. VAN PELT, Curator, ACTIVE MEMBERS JAMES F. Baker, 938 Broadway, Camden, N. J............s0000- *1896 Bowin B. Bakream, Wayne, Pai. 05-245 6 etn ii es Ride iw ees 1906 Grorce W.. Basserr, Hammonton, Ni dss iis ss ince ieee 1904 GeorceE M. Berincer, 5th and Federal Sts., arr ae J..... Founder. Dr. Amos P. Brown, 20 E. Penn St., Germantown, Pa........... 1892 STEwaRDSON Brown, Academy of Natural Beientes; Pala Pa. Founder. Rev. J. 8. Buntine, Greenville, Del... 2.0.20. cee ees cccceeecces 1907 JosEPH CRAWFORD, 2824 Frankford Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.... Founder. FRANK Mites Day, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa.............. Founder, Ricwarp H. Day, 419 N. 2nd St., Philadelphia, Pa........... Founder. De. Joun W. Eckre tpt, 65th and Vine Sts., Philadelphia, Pa..... 1892 Wittiam Finpiay, 212 N. 8th St., Philadelphia, Pa............. 1908 Dei C.D. Prerz, Sellersville, Pa... 46.00. 0e ese eevee ccerweses 1892 Bartram W. GRIFFITHS, 4024 Green St., Philadelphia, Pa........ 1902 J. H. Grove, New Egypt, N. Ji... 02. cc cc cco e see vececcsccoscs 1905 * Date indicates year of election to Club. 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE WILLIAM E. Haypock, 1604 Master St., Philadelphia, Pa......... 1903 BENJAMIN HeErivTaGe, Mickleton, N. J............0ecccecees under Pror. ZEPHANIAH Hopper, 1925 N. 12th St., Philadelphia, Mg 1 R THUR JONES, 1810 Jefferson St., iladelphia, Pa....... _ 1897 Dr. IDA A. KELLER, Girls High School, Philadelphia, Pa.......... 1892 Dr. HENRY KRAEMER, 145 N. 10th St., 1 y Bens oeeee ks 1898 Dr. H A. LAESSLE, 59th and Market Sts., Philadelphia, Pa... 1894 Dn. Hy PEARCE TjARIN,: Leeda, Pass oon ios ess ce ea 1906 Mrs. Ho PRA Tein, Tanda Pan. ok ccs tc ss Kee ee 1906 Henry A. LANG, 1633 N. 15th St., Philadelphia, Pa.............. 1901 CHaRLES H. LA WALL, 507 S. 42nd St., Philadelphia, Pa......... 1896 ArTHouR N. LEEDS, 5321 Baynton St., Golnnhieern, Pav:. ci Homder. Morris E. LEEDS, 5321 Baynton St., Germantown, Pa........ Founder. Dr. T. MontTGoMERY LIGHTFOOT , 5935 Greene St., Germantown, Pa. 1892 CHARLES D. LIPPINCOTT, Swedesbor, N. J hbourne cet eae ee ee ee ounder, BATARY DONG, ABhbOUING, PEss 6) ss con ieee ei ose kee ke sss 1906 ap LoNasTaera, 1893 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa....... 1892 A. Gustav LUEBERT, 55th and Wyalusing me Philadelphia, Pa... 1902 Davip N. McCappen, Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila. . 1906 Miss Harriet E. McCLeLLAn, 4834 Walton Ave. ; Philadelphia; Pa. 1906 ALEXANDER MACELWEE Dasa — Ave., Philadelphia, F6.5...: 1892 De. A, S.. Martin, Norristown, Pa... 2. 02s 56 i. cs cece eect ences 1899 JOHN H. MATTHEWS, 3219 N. aes St., Philadelphia, Pa......... 1902 Dr. A. W. MILLER, 400 N. 3rd St., Philadelphia, Paes CAG Founder. FP. TTHEW C. O’BRIEN, ae 8 on oa School, Philadephia, Pa. 1904 JOHN E. OVERHOLTZER, Norristown, Pa..........2...+2+eeeerees 1892 JOHN T, PENNYPACKER, 837 Msiest oe Wilmington, Del........ . 1892 W, A. Poyser, 6028 De Lancey St., Philedelchis. fg ee re ee 1906 « W. H. Reep, Norristown, Pa... ce ces sw ce cb ee eaes raced 1892 Miss LILLian ROSEMAN, 1839 Van Pelt St., Philadelphia, Pa...... 1900 ALBERT C. RutTer, Perkasie, Pa... ....-0- se cccec nen snrseccsecs 1903 Smas L. Scuumo, 880 N. 22nd St., Philadelphia, Pa............. 1897 Epwin I. Siu ngpsccls Aeademy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. 1907 BENJAMIN H. Smiru, 4704 Chester Ave., Philadelphia, Pa......... 1906 LEE SOWDEN, oe fans Ave., Philadelphia, Pa.........--++-+ 1901 Wirmer Stone, Academy of Nat sural Sciences, Phila., Pa..... Founder. S. S. Van Pewt, 2110 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa............... 1902 T. J. Wiuxinson, 4082 Lancaster Ave., Philadelphia, Pa......... 1907 CHaRLES S. WILLIAMSON, 2127 Mt. Vernon St., Pills islohis, Pa... 1807 W. H. Wirre, 16 York St., Camden, N. J...-.- 2 see e eee ee ee ees 1898 Dr. FraNK Woopzury, 218 N. 16th St., Philadelphia, Pa......... 1905 PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 29 CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. CHARLES C. BACHMAN, Batgor, Parsi s.cs5 scans ses cia Crees 1908 De, Georce N. Beer, Rosemont, Ny Js. ics. oii esasaee i one cece 1906 Eugene P. Bickneth, New York City... 21.0.5 000csecccssesseece 1896 Dr. NATHANIEL ae a pala New York Botanical Garden...... 1892 EvizaBeTH G. Brirron, New ae Botanical Garden............. 1895 O. H. Brown, Cage ? Me fae Vin SRP a Gare Per 4 rere Surry ers 1908 JOEL J. CaRTER, Peter’s ae SS IEEE TL EEE ee eT ee 1904 ee BRTRUR HEE Bnd, NOV. soi a G4 eek eek Sime cca 1893 Grorce V. NasH, New York Botanical Garden................-. 1905 Prov. Frreis W. Price, Swarthmore, Pas... ivi ess eis ccecens 1904 DBs. 5.’ Ee: a ONG. CNOBUEE PM 55 ois ni he ences 1892 C.F. SAUHOERS, Pamewn, Onli ois 5c aw ia cc Pee ES 1893 Dr. JoHN K. SMALL, New York Botanical Garden........-....+. 1893 Re. Be ey eraee, Ocean: View, Ny Bis ico ike os eee hi eaionsx 1897 Dr. CAMPBELL E. WATERS, Washington, D. C.........0cceeeceeee 1904 DECEASED MEMBERS. Died. Pror. Epson 8. Bastin, Honorary: i¢ ois os 33 oss ees April, 1897 Dr. J. BERNARD BRINTON, Founder...........-...-- December 6, 1894 ESAAC BUBE, HOMOTAEY 3 i3 o op J as Fe oe sie et beds 3s se March 30, 1892 ‘WILLIAM M. CANBY, Honorary: 226 .i2e 6 ccc sceccie es March 10, 1904 Dr. Witu1aM Herpst, Honorary .....-...-...+-0+- December 22, 1906 ALBRECHT JATIN G POUHOGE (2055. 5 5 sv eet e ce en's Februa: 905 Pror. JouHn M. Matscu, Honorary............... atria re 10, 1893 Isaac C. M DALE, Founde?,. .. 020 65.s00%s pope roe January 3, 1893 THOMAS MEEHAN, Founder .......--sescsevesees November 18, 1901 Dr. Isaac S. Mover, Honorary.......,.+-+.--se-00. Cie isegs «ss Dr. THomas ©. Porter, Honorary........++.s2+e00e-s April 27, 1901 JoHN H. REDFIELD, Honorary.........---++se0+0+5 February 27, 1895 Dr. CHARLES SCHAEFFER, Active.......+-++--+++- November 23, 3 Lovts SCHNEIDER, Active .....-..-.eeseeesereeeres August 14, 1901 Usetma C. Smiru, Founder........-.--2eeeeeeerereees April 2, 1902 INDEX TO SPECIES Acer ge rns a 10, 12 Actza alba, Allium recent od aL, 12,17 Alnus ineana, 8, 12 ‘Alsi 2 d f aranthus pumilus, 26 \ngelica atropurpurea, 8 Lronia arbutifolia, 15 ni Arisema pusillum, 7 Asclepias pert 11 in purpurasce Aster acuminatus, 15 vis, 15 nove-angliz, 16 Azalea canescens, 10, 12 Bartonia lanceolata, 23 Batrachium flaccidum, Betula ree 6, 11,13 papyrifera, 1 Blephariglottis Biephariglotts, 21 lacera ise D — Botrychium ree oe Calla palustris, 1 Calth Pfabellifolia, 6,7 a, 21 i; 8. 9, 13,14 ( 30 Castilleja coccinea pega tet Lage thalictrodes, 12 Chetochloa versic Chamenerion angustifolienns 9 Circea alpina, Conioselinam chinense, 9, 11, 12, 3 alors, 13, 14 Cornus cireinata, 10, 12 oe rosea rata, 1 12 peru gira 16 rivularis, 1 Cypripedium aches 15 rviflorum, 6, 11 reginae, 11 Cytisus scoparius, 5 Decodon verticillatus, 13 Dennstedtia Omer ee 25 ryopteris cristata, 7, 11 Eleocharis ied ag 14, 15 Epilobium lineare, stric ; ay Equisetum fluviatile, a Erianthus compactus, Loin mee a Erioph Faleata Pitcheri, 15 Filix bulbifera, 16 Sraxhvas ni nigra, 11 Fuirena squarrosa, 23 Gentiana crinita, 17 ponaria, 17 Gerardia purpurea, 23 ) INDEX TO Geum rivale, 8, 11, 15 Gymnadeniopsis clavelata, 9,15 2 Gyrostachys sp., 17 Helianthus tech 16 strum s, 14 Helenium ainsi, Hottonia inflata, 25 Hypopitys sp., 18 Ilex bronxensis, 14 verticillata, 14 Ilicioides mucronata, 10, 11, 12, 13 Teotrin verticillata, 13 Juncus Gerardi, 23 Juniperus virginiana, 23 Kosteletzkya virginica, 23 Lacinaria graminifolia pilosa, 21 spicata, 13, 20, 2 Leptorchis pier 25 Leeselii, 18, 20 Lilzopsis tinéata, 22, 23, 24 Lilium canadense ilade inhicum, 10 Limnetis juncea Limodorum tuberosum, 12 Lobelia ebieergn Kalmii, 15, 16, 17 Lythrum lineare , 23 Malus i r co a eprenim latifolium, 12, 14, 16 Menyanthes trifoliata, 20 Meshein ringia lateriflora, 7 Muhlenbergia foliosa, 15 mexicana, 15, 23 racemosa, Myrica carolinensis, 14 Nabalus albus, 1 rfolilatus, 15 N sient flexilis, 1 urgia "thyrsiflora, ye 2 | Oldenlandia lg 23 Onoclea sensibilis, 19 Ophiog arenarium, 18, 19 Vv Oxycoccus macrocarpus, 12, 14 Panicularia elongata, 9, 15 fluitans, 11 SPECIES. Panicularia me ll Panicum flexile, 15, 16 2 Parnassia nape amg 8 9,17 Pentstemon digitalis Phegopteris pe cron 13 opteris, 13 Pinus Strobus Pogonia ophiioglossoides, 12 Polygala a a, 14 folia, 9 Potamogeton pate 6 11 Prunus maritima, 1 pennsylvanica, 10, 12 Pyrola secunda, 12 Quercus prinoides, 16 prinus, 16 Ribes rotundifolia, 10 plete ron maximum, 6, 9, 17 ph te naa erg 19 16 us america 7, 11 aes hastera inn, 18 Sabbatia pis dpsed 20, 21 lata, 24 stellar Salix can Sambucus rane Sg 12, 13 Sean era a 14, 20, 21 1 ra, 11 Solidago pot ge ie 16 . puberula, 14 iginosa, 15, 16, 17 Sorbus americana, 10, 12, "15 Spartina patens, 23 Tiarella cordifolia, 6 Tulipa sylvestris, 25 Utricularia virgatula, 25 Vaccinium atrococcum, 13 32 INDEX TO SPECIES. Vaccinium corymbosum Vitis vulpina, 9 penn Sheena 10,12; Viburnum lentago, 7, 16 ans, 15 ubescens, 7,13 Vernonia noveboracensis, 20 Veronica americana, 11 Waldsteinia cr ok ger 9, 13, 16 nagallis-aquatica, 8 Willugbeya oe scutellata, 7 W oodsia ilvensis Vitis intrien, 14 BARTONI A BOTANICAL ANNUAL | secre ; PROCEEDINGS OF THE cident sn, angen emi . FTTH Oe ee RT ETS E EHS: } ‘ te - aaa i tend corte : me pes sal ac es ot hts seh Seo gb a ie a BARTONIA Proceedings of the Philadelphia Botanical Club. An annual devoted to the Flora of Eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware. Edited by Stewardson Brown. Subscription price, 25 cents. Address Business Manager. - 2 3 4024 Green St., Philadelphia, Pa. STONE, JosepH CRAWFORD, Publication Committee, STEWARDSON BROWN, BARTONIA PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB No. 2. PHILADELPHIA, PA. 1909 Additional Notes on the Flora of Northampton County BY S. 8. VAN PELT. In the spring of 1909, two excursions, each of several days’ duration, were made by a few members of the Club to the same localities so frequently visited in 1908. Many early flowering plants were collected and a few novelties were secured. It was also observed that certain plants for which particular localities were given in the first number of ‘‘ Bartonia’’ were really quite general in the bog region about Johnsonville and Mount Bethel; thus the following species, Parnassia caroliniana, Geum rivale, Vagnera stellata, Trollius laxus, Castilleja coccinea and Eriophorum polystachyon, form a frequent association, though one or more members of the group are here and there rare or wanting. Of the more interesting novelties collected, Mount Bethel fur- nished the following: Dentaria diphylla, in the woods at the mill pond and elsewhere; Juncoides pilosum, in the same locality; Carex pedunculata, in wet woods west; Viola rostrata, in the same locality, and Carex teretiuscula, on the north border of the mill pond. Here it should be noted that the Carex mentioned in ‘**Bartonia’’ No. 1, page 8, line 12, as ‘‘Carex bromoides in 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE much better shape,’’ proved to be Carex teretiuscula, a more in- teresting find; the C. bromoides collected on that date west of Johnsonville was, however, the genuine article. In the woods at the east base of the Big Offset, Clintonia borealis, not before represented in the Club herbarium, was found to be quite abundant. Here specimens were also collected of Coptis trifolia, Populus tremuloides, Salix Bebbiana, Trientalis americana, Cypripedium pubescens, and of Acer pennsylvanicum. Much material in flower was collected on the mountain itself, mostly species previously gathered in fruit, the Azalea canescens being especially noteworthy. A genuine novelty was a small Cypripedium, far up the north slope, closely approaching the form (?) parviflorwm. About half way between the Offset and North Bangor, in a wood south of the railroad, a great number of plants of Trillium erectum in fine flower were observed. Cypripediwm pubescens was collected, and Dirca palustris was discovered in a third locality, Mr. Bachman having earlier in the season found it in two places, in the ‘‘Greenwald’’ and in the woods west of Martins Creek, well north of Bangor; in these latter woods Mr. Long found Alsine borealis, growing very sparingly by a little streamlet. The fine bog one-half mile east of Johnsonville Station, known as Getz’s swamp, furnished us with specimens of Arethusa bulbosa, here growing plentifully about the bases of the Carex tussocks, while the wood just north of that bog yielded yet an- other colony of Dirca palustris, and a profusion of Cypripedium pubescens. Mr. C. C. Bachman, who has been of such eminent service to us in this region, has removed to Slatington, where he expects to continue his botanical explorations. His contributions to the Club herbarium now number nearly two hundred sheets. Among these is a specimen of Petasites Petasites, a decidedly rare plant, from Flicksville, south of Bangor. Lehigh County and the Philadelphia Botanical Club BY HAROLD W. PRETZ, The range which the Philadelphia Botanical Club has selected for its field-work is comprised within the following boundaries: The Susquehanna river within the State of Pennsylvania is a natural limit on the west. On the northwest, with the excep- tion of a portion of Dauphin county in Pennsylvania, if that county is entirely within the Club range, the Kittatinny or Blue mountains are a natural limit to the State line at the Delaware Water Gap. The Delaware river is then a natural boundary until the northern boundaries of the counties of Hunterdon, Somerset and Middlesex in New Jersey are reached. On the east lies the Atlantic ocean. On the south, with the exception of New Castle county in the State of Delaware, Delaware Bay, the Delaware river and the boundary line of Pennsylvania form the limit. It will be noticed that while the limits of this area are largely political, they are in the main physical. The area selected can not be said to be a natural one; but having so many natural boundaries, it is an excellent field for any work the Club may desire to undertake. Systematic botany is as interesting to-day as it was in years gone by when pioneers in the science labored. Out of the mass of material that was then gathered grew the science as we now know it. In the beginning, species were described and later when they became better understood, were classified and some attempt to mark their distribution was begun. In the present day, these changes are still at work and all is tending toward a perfected science. It will be seen that whatever we possess of this science has been the result of the work of the past. In this attempt at a (3) 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE better understanding of living plants, various factors have had their influence. This has been the common history of all the sciences: each has been more or less dependent upon the other in many ways. Thus geology has influenced botany and has. been influenced by it. Plant distribution has steadily grown into importance as an aid to the better understanding of species. Species are often confined within recognized limits, and a study of these limits results in a better understanding of the species. Alexander von Humboldt was the first to lay the foundations of plant geography by dividing the earth into botanical zones. The prime factor of plant distribution is temperature and the- great botanical zones were laid out in isothermal lines construc- ted by connecting points having the same mean annual temper- ature. The zones thus constructed are of course broadly con- ceived and are in many ways inaccurate. In this country, C. Hart Merriam,’ of the U. S. Biological. Survey, Department of Agriculture, has conducted investiga- tions based on these principles and has mapped the country into life zones. A careful reading of the published results of his investigations cannot fail to result in a realization of the great importance of this factor in the distribution of plants. It will be seen that it is not only of the utmost importance in de- fining ranges but in a correct understanding of many other problems as well. There are, of course, other factors influencing plant distribu- tion and all must be given proper consideration by the botanist in the study of the science. The manner in which ranges are determined for the larger descriptive manuals of botany is well understood. In such a large work it is often impossible to do. more than indicate geographical distribution based on speci- mens. Thus the range of Andromeda Polifolia, L,? as given in 1 Laws of temperature control of the geographic distribution of terrestiak animals and plants. ‘‘ Nat’l Geogr. Mag., vol. 6, pp. 229 to 238, 3 col. maps, 1894;’’ The geographic distribution of animals and plants in North America, Yearbook Dept. Agr. for 1894, pp. 203 to 214; Life zones and crop. zones of the United States, Bull. No. 10, Div. Biol. Surv., U. S. Dept. Agr. 2 Gray’s *‘ Manual,’’ seventh edition, defines the range of A. Polifolia L, as. ‘¢ Arctic regions, extending very locally s. to the Adirondack Mts., N. Y. (?), PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 2 “*The Manual of the Flora of the Northern States and Canada,’’ ‘by N. L. Britton, is, ‘‘In bogs, Newf. to Alaska, N. J., Penn., Mich. and Br. Col. Also in Europe and Asia.’’ It is quite ‘safe to say that the occurrence of this species in N. J. and Penn. is limited to the vicinity of the glaciated area where it flourishes in a congenial habitat. It would hardly be convenient to state this in a manual of such wide scope nor is it expected that it ‘should be so stated; here, however, is a factor in the distribu- ‘tion of this species ake when known is at once apparent. All of these factors are being recognized more and more in recent literature on faunal and floral distribution. Mohr’s ‘Plant Life of Alabama ’’ and Piper’s ‘‘ Flora of Washington,”’ both government publications, are good illustrations of floras which have been treated with reference to the influence of life zones, and it can be said that the results have fully justified the treatment. In view of the importance of this factor of plant distribution, it will be recognized that if an adequate treatment of our flora is desired, all work in the future must be conducted along these lines. The area of the range of the Club is entirely included within the zone known as the Austral. This zone occupies a position ‘between the other great zones, all of which are in part included within the United States. The Club area, however, lies within two divisions known as the Transition and the Upper Austral, the other being known as the Lower Austral. In the East th divisions have been named the Alleghenian Area of the Transi- tion and the Carolinian Area of the Upper Austral. Southern New Jersey is entirely within the Carolinian Area but the counties in Pennsylvania along the Kittatinny range are in the Alleghenian Area. The distribution of the species within the Club range cannot fail to have been noticed to some extent at least by the Club members. Some species never seem to extend beyond the re- spective areas in which they occur, excepting possibly along the lines separating the zones where they may overlap, while others L. Huron, ete.””, and describes A. glaucophylla, Link. as “* A. Polifolia mostly of Am. auth., not L.’’ and defines its range as ‘‘ Lab. to Man., s. to N. J., Pa., and Minn.’’ 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE are abundant, frequent, etc., throughout as the case may be. Dr. I. 8. Moyer in his Flora of Bucks county (History of Bucks county, Wm. W. H. Davis, 1905. Appendix. Revised for the author by Dr. C. D. Fretz) says: ‘‘ In studying the Flora of the county, one fact is at once apparent, namely, the great difference in the vegetation of the northern and the southern portions. We find that upwards of ninety native plants have not been collected north of Yardleyville, and on the other hand about one hundred and fifty native plants have not been found south of that place. This interesting fact demonstrates that a line dividing the more distinctively northern from the southern species of Pennsylvania would pass through Bucks a little to the north of that point. Many northern forms seem to have their southern limits in our county, except as they extend further south in the mountains to the west of us. A few west- ern plants have here their eastern limit, notably the Papaw, and narrow-leaved Horse Gentian. A small number of eastern plants also have their western limit. A comparison of the cata- logue with Gray’s Manual will make these facts more apparent’’ ; this bears the date of June 24, 1876, and we find here an at- tempt at a reasonable explanation for certain apparent facts. The explanation is found in the fact that the county of Bucks lies within both the Transition and Upper Austral Areas of the Austral Zone. The Transition zone is the ground upon which the species of the great Boreal and Austral zones meet. It is characterized according to Merriam ‘‘as a whole by compara- tively few distinctive animals and plants, but rather by the occurrence together of southern species which here find their northern limit, and northern species which here find their south- ern limit.’’ Lehigh county is included entirely within the Alle- ghenian Area of the Transition and in common with all the northern counties of the Club range in Pennsylvania is of great importance in marking the northern or the southern limits as the case may be of some species. For purposes of better definition of positions, political posi- tions by reason of their more universal recognition are of great value, but the usual local lists mean little unless interpreted by all the factors which have to do with plant distribution. More PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 7 often than not there is some physical feature of an area covered by a local flora which if properly explained would account for certain records. Certain species credited in the Bucks county flora to Tullytown, Bristol, etc., are characteristic species of southern N. J., rather than of Bucks county as a whole, and their occurrence can be explained by what has previously been stated in reference to the flora of this county, Montgomery county has its ‘‘ bit of Jersey ’’ represented partly at least by a bog near Willow Grove. In Lancaster county the Dillerville Swamp is another illustration. All of these counties lie in part within both the Transition and the upper Austral zones. There is no reason why the Club should not attempt to work out this problem and plot a line of demarkation between these zones within its range. A hint of how Merriam has approached these problems may be found in the following quotation. In speak- ing of the extension of one zone into another Merriam says: ‘‘These arms, like nearly all narrow northward prolongations of southern zones, do not carry the complete faunas and floras of the areas to which they belong, but lack certain species from the start and become more and more dilute to the northward till it is hard to say where they really end. Their northward boundaries, therefore, must be drawn arbitrarily or must be based on the presence or absence of particular species rather than the usual association of species.’ The new records which the vicinity of Bangor, Northampton county, has recently furnished are due to another factor entirely. Many of them are species of more or less frequent occurrence in the vicinity of the Terminal Moraine of the last ice invasion in New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The Terminal Moraine crosses the Delaware river at Belvidere and crosses the Kittatinny range near Big Offset. Upper Mount Bethel township is covered with glacial drift and as congenial habitats exist, more records of species not yet reported from this region are to be expected. The glaciated area touches the Club range at no other point ex- cepting in Middlesex county, N. J. These examples of isolated physical features within political boundaries are quoted merely to show the desirability of natural treatment in local flora. Every possible factor should be studied which in any manner influences local flora. 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE In Torreya for October, 1909, Mr. Norman Taylor, Chairman of the Committee on Local Flora of the Torrey Botanical Club, has begun to present under the title ‘‘ Local flora notes’’ some of the problems of importance. This article should be of inter- est to all the members of the Philadelphia Club. The activi- ties of the Philadelphia Botanical Club have already resulted in the Hand-book of the Flora of Philadelphia and Vicinity, a work which has undoubtedly stimulated much inquiry in systematic botany within the Club range. Like all works of this character, a revision will sooner or later be attempted. Is there any reason why such a revision should not be entirely modern and include all the factors of plant distribution some of which have been touched upon in this article? More than a definition of ranges should be attempted. Full data relative to every species found within the Club range should be gathered and preserved whether it is possible to use them in such a revision or not. Every record should be backed by a specimen which should always remain a part of the Club her- barium, and there only remains to be devised some system of tabulating them if it is desired to undertake the revision pro- posed. A map of fair size of the Club range giving necessary physical and political features could be drafted and printed on suitable sheets similar to those of the United States, ete., which can be purchased for such purposes from the Cambridge Botani- cal Supply Co. Each species should be allowed a sheet, and as soon as it is received each record should be noted by a dot of some colored ink at the proper place on the sheet. As records accumulated it would be possible to see at a glance the distribu- tion of any species so far as recorded by the Club. It is safe to say that neither Quercus digitata (Marsh) Sudw. nor Quercus Pheilos, L. grows in Lehigh county, but how far northward to- ward the mountains do they reach? A glance at such a sheet as has been suggested would give the total of the Club’s records instantly. Observations and other data relative to the species would of course have to be preserved on a sheet, or sheets, which could be made as easily accessible.’ Since this article was written a letter has been received from Mr. 8. 8S. Van Pelt in which referring to a meeting of the Club held the evening before (Nov. PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 9 The care of a record of this description once it is properly started should not involve a great amount of work. However, to accomplish the proper results it would be necessary to inter- est all the Club members. The Club’s range is large in propor- tion to the number of members, it is true, but each member should be made to see the importance of establishing permanent records upon which all future work may be based. The writer of this article has selected Lehigh county as the field of his activities on local flora, in the same way that the Club has selected its larger range. The area is entirely too large to work with any degree of thoroughness in the time allotted. In this respect the conditions are like those governing the Club’s activities. A number of species new to the Club range are to be found in Lehigh county. The writer is little interested in haying Lehigh county receive credit for these species which are apparently to be found only within its bord- ers. He is interested rather in studying them in their relation to the flora of the surrounding territory so that their occurrence at that particular place may be accounted for. This article has been inspired then by a firm belief in the im- portance of applying to the study of local flora all the known factors of plant distribution some of which have been so briefly sketched. If it create among the members of the Club an in- terest in this view, it will have served the purpose for which it was written. The codperation of all the members will be a necessity if the best results are to be expected. In a work of this kind the value of association, especially in its influence on each individual member, can not be overestimated. It is hoped that the difficulty of presenting such a large subject within the scope of such a brief article will be appreciated, and that due allowance will be made for any deficiencies in treatment. 24, 1909), he writes: ‘‘ W. Stone showed last night some rough charts of dis- tribution of N. J. plants, about 18 inches in size each way, filling in with a dot every recorded station for certain plants, one sheet to a species, and it cer- tainly exhibited in a graphic way in rough green and red colors how they are restricted to their own individual areas. This was most interesting.”’ Mr. Stone’s work as an illustration of the value of the form of record suggested is referred to with great pleasure. Noteworthy Plants in the Suburban District West of Philadelphia. BY EDWIN B. BARTRAM. The country accessible from the main line of the Pennsylvania Railroad west of Philadelphia for a distance of twenty-five miles presents many features of interest to the systematic botanist. Generally north of and parallel with the railroad the North and South Valley Hills bordering the Chester Valley lend variety to both the landscape and the flora. South and east of the hills a series of streams beginning with Cobbs Creek on the east and including Brandywine Creek to the west intersect a section in which the botanical characters are being rapidly modified by suburban operations. Anticipating an extension of this influ- ence, some notes relative to the present distribution of the more interesting species exclusive of the serpentine flora, which has little in common with the rest of the region, may be worthy of record: ASPLENIUM EBENOIDES R. R. Scort.—Several plants near Valley Store, Chester Co. Probably more widely distributed on limestone in the Chester Valley, where both Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link and Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes frequently grew together. PELLAEA ATROPURPUREA (L.) Linx.—Occurs sparingly north of Frazer, Chester Co., on limestone rocks facing the north. CAMPTOSORUS RHIZOPHYLLUs (L.) Link.—Frequent on lime- stone at Valley Forge and west along Valley Creek, Chester Co. DRYOPTERIS CRISTATA CLINTONIANA (D. C. Eaton) UNDERW. —Locally abundant in wet woods west of Wayne, Delaware Co. Dryopteris GOLDEANA (Hook) A. Gray.—Colony of about six strong plants in low woods north of Radnor, Delaware Co. EquiIsetuM syLvaticum L.—Boggy meadow near Ithan, Dela- ware Co., also at East Downingtown and Dorlan, Chester Co. (10) PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 11 EqQuIsETUM HYEMALE L.—Low woods north of Radnor, Dela- ware Co., also near Frazer, Chester Co. Lycopopium compLanatum L,—Sterile plants rather frequent in extensive patches. Any records of fertile plants in this sec- tion would be interesting. PoTaMOGETON PusILLUs L.—Earle’s dam near Darby Creek, Radnor Twp., Delaware Co. Not common. PoTAMOGETON crispus L.—Very abundant in the lower reaches of Valley Creek, also in the smaller streams through the Chester Valley. SAGITTARIA LATIFOLIA PUBESCENS Muni.—Locally common along Darby Creek in Radnor Twp., Delaware Co., and north of Downingtown, Chester Co. SAGITTARIA LONGIROsTRA (MicHett.) J. G. Smira.—In many of the swamps south of Wayne, Paoli and Downingtown this species replaces the common S. latifolia Willd. entirely. It also occurs sparingly in the Chester Valley. Any further records extending the local range of this plant would be very welcome. Anpropogon Exiiorrm CHapmM.—Clearings in the hills north of Wayne and Strafford, Delaware Co. The relatively broader sheaths and congested inflorescence readily distinguish this grass from A. virginicus L. with which it is commonly associ- ated. PANICUM FLEXILE (GATTINGER) Scripy.—Local in old pastures in the Chester Valley where limestone approaches the surface. Eracrostis Frankut Stevp.—Roadsides near Bradford Hills, Chester Co. Not observed elsewhere. Exrocuaris Acicu,aRis (L.) R. & §.—Rare along Brandy- wine Creek north of Downingtown. Scirpus poLyPHYLLUs Vanu.—Margin of Fennimore’s Pond near Wayne, Delaware Co. CAREX RIPARIA CurtTIs.—Swamp near Ithan, Delaware Co, Juncus Dupieyr Wrieeanp.—Wet clay meadow near St. Davids, Delaware Co. When this rush becomes better known additional localities will no doubt be reported; at present the local distribution of the plant is unknown. MeLanrHium Vircixicum L.—Swamp near Ithan, Delaware Co. Scarce and local. Bs PROCEEDINGS OF THE MELANTHIUM LATIFOLIUM DEsr.—Frequent in woods along Darby Creek but never observed in flower. ALLIUM TRIcoccum A1t.—Ithan Creek south of Bryn Mawr Ave., and common along Brandywine Creek near Birdell, Chester Co. CYPRIPEDIUM PUBESCENS WILLD.—Rich woods along Darby Creek, Radnor Twp. A small-flowered form corresponding to the desdvisitiet for C. parviflorum Salish. was found in the same locality. The two forms while dissimilar in the extremes could not be satisfactorily separated. APLECTRUM HYEMALE (Muuu.) Torr.—Rather frequent in rich woods along Upper Darby Creek. CoRALLORHIZA WISTERIANA ConraD.—Wooded hillside near Ithan, Delaware Co. locality since destroyed. The colony originally consisted of five plants in close proximity to a large rotten stump. SALIx piscoLor Munit.—Not common. Peculiar forms with pubescent mature leaves suggesting some relationship with S. humilis occur in the South Valley Hills. BETULA ALLEGHENIENSIS Brirron.—A number of old trees along the west side of Brandywine Creek opposite Dorlan, Chester Co. RANUNCULUS FAscIcuULARIS Muxi.—Not definitely known nearer than the east bank of the Octoraro Creek, Chester Co. Might be looked for successfully in the central or eastern part of the county. CARDAMINE HIRSUTA L.—Known from only one station south of Bryn Mawr, Delaware Co., where it is sparingly established. Judging from the locality and environment, I should say it had been introduced here although it may be indigenous further south. Flowers and immature pods have been observed in mid January. CARDAMINE ROTUNDIFOLIA Micux.—Locally abundant in low woods along the Brandywine Creek near Birdell, Chester Co. PoposTEMON CERATOPHYLLUM MicHx.—Brandywine Creek north of Downingtown, Chester Co. GEUM FLAVUM (PorTER) BIcKNELL.—Open swamp near East Downingtown, Chester Co. Rare. PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. is Geum strictrum Ait.—Swamp near Ithan, Delaware Co. Almost extinct. LESPEDEZA STRIATA (THuNB.) H. & A.—Wood road north of Wayne, Delaware Co. Does not appear to spread readily in this section and not likely ever to become as common as it is further south. ERopium cicurarium (L.) L’Her.—North bank of the rail- road at Paoli, Chester Co. Linum sutcatum RippeLt.—Known only from the ‘‘ sheep ranch ’’ north of Radnor, Delaware Co. Here it is associated with L. medium (Planch.) Britton and Andropogon Virginicus L. on a dry open hillside. Apparently the only definite locality for this species in eastern Pennsylvania away from the moun- tains. ACER sACcCHARUM MarsH.—Large trees are frequent along Valley Creek north of Malvern, Chester Co. LEcHEA INTERMEDIA LeGcErr.—Collected in the fall of 1908 near Bradford Hills, Chester Co., where it replaces L. Leggettii Britt. & Holl. in similar situations. Not previously known from the local territory. Further information relative to the distribution of this plant in Pennsylvania would be very wel- come. Viota Le Conteana Don.—Near Dorlan, Chester Co. with Betula allegheniensis. Rare or absent further eastward. TRIENTALIS AMERICANA (Pers.) PursH.—Sparingly estab- lished at Marten’s Dam north of Wayne, also reported from Frazer. Not common and likely to be soon exterminated alto- gether. GENTIANA CRINITA FRoEL.—Wet glade in a cedar thicket west of Wayne, also swamp near Centerville, Chester Co. GENTIANA vILLosA L.—Wood road on a dry ridge north of Radnor. Bartonta virainica (L.) B. S. P.—Sterile knolls on the ridges north of Radnor where it is associated with Sarothra gentianoides L. and the Reindeer Lichen. This plant seems to be identical with specimens from the sphagnum bogs of New Jersey. Kaumia ancustirotra L.—Local near the tops of the North 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Valley Hills west of Valley Forge, but rarely if ever producing flowers. ASCLEPIAS TUBEROSA L.—Local but not uncommon through- out the region. A form from the country around Bradford Hills with smaller upper leaves disposed in pairs seems to cor- respond closely with A. decumbens, a questionable species. STACHYS TENUIFOLIA WiILLD.—Distributed generally along Brandywine Creek north of Downingtown but not known else- where. Evidently very local in its range. MIMULUS ALATUS SOLAND.—Wet woods west of Wayne. Rare. PEDICULARIS LANCEOLATA Micux.—Open swamp near Center- ville, Chester Co. PLANTAGO ARISTATA Micux.—Sandy roadside near Radnor Hunt, Delaware Co. Rare in eastern Pa. WILLUGBAEYA SCANDENS (L.) Kuntze.—Swamp near Center- ville. LACINARIA spicata (L.) Kunrze.—Wet woods near Dorlan, Chester Co. Scarce. Sottpaco squaRrRosa Muxni.—Plentiful near Valley Forge and at Bradford Hills, also found sparingly in the hills north of Radnor. Sotipaco PaTtuLA Muni.—Locally common in swamps south of Wayne and Paoli, but apparently not known in other sec- tions of the nearby local territory. The station at Tinicum is no doubt the result of plants or seeds washed down one of the streams that drains upper Delaware Co. Sotipaco ALtTissiMA L.—Open ground near Frazer. The re- duced thick upper leaves and rigid habit characterize this plant even at a distance. BaAccHARIS HALIMIFOLIA L.—Several pistillate plants on a hill- side north of Malvern, Chester Co., where they have every ap- pearance of being native. It would be interesting to know how much further inland this plant ranges and in what situations it occurs. BIDENS InvoLucraTA (Nurtt.) Brirron.—Open ground near Frazer where it has probably been introduced from the west through the agency of the railroad. A Botanical Trip to the Welsh Mountains near Churchtown and Beartown Station, Lancaster Co., Pa. BY JOEL J. CARTER. In looking over the map of Lancaster county, the Welsh Mountains in Caernarvon township, with the Conestoga wind- ing at their base, seemed to invite an inspection, especially as from few records seen, it had been neglected by systematic bot- anists. So one ‘‘rare’’ day in June, Messrs. Crawford, Van Pelt, Long and Carter met at the railroad station of Churchtown Road. According to the U. S. topographical map, the elevation near the station is about 1000 feet. The rocks are chiefly quartzite. Churchtown lies about three miles north, on the north bank of the Conestoga creek. There the rock is limestone, which was not noticed south of the creek in this vicinity. The original forest on the mountains has all been cut off and most of it made into charcoal and used in the iron furnaces which once did a flourishing business on the Conestoga at Churchtown. They are now a thing of the past, nothing but the ruins of the mills and dams remaining. A bunch of the flowers of Magnolia virginiana in the hands of & person at the station gave promise of something, and a ques- tion of where gathered elicited sufficient information to enable one to find the place after some search; quite a lot of them were growing in a swamp on the south slope of the mountains caused by a few small springs. There seemed to be little else of inter- est excepting Carex folliculata L. and Arisaema pusillum; one or two plants of the latter were remarkable from their size, one plant fully 3 feet high and the stem 14 inches in diameter, much larger than the usual size of the A. triphyllum, while usually the A. pusillum is the smaller plant. The constant char- acteristic of the cylindric spadix, black hood of spathe and leaves green on both sides, make this plant a good species in #2 3S) 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE the writer’s opinion; it also blooms a little later than the A. triphyllum. Ina railroad cut near the station was a large patch of Cranberry Oxycoccus macrocarpus and close to the Kaolin quarry Pogonia ophioglossoides, Tissa rubra and Lycopodium inundatum; further along Aralia hispida and Chamaenerion angustifolium. On the north slope of the mountains along a spring run was a tree of Betula allegheniensis; also Carex leptalea was observed. On the bank of the Conestoga several Carices were found: Carex granularis, C. intumescens, C. squarrosa, C. lanuginosa and C. cristatella, also Scirpus sylvaticus. In the woods near the creek Scirpus planifolius, and in a field near the village Convolvulus japonica. After a dinner at Churchtown, which evidently was relished by all of us, a walk to Beartown and back was decided upon. Near the village, on the limestone, quantities of Pellaea atropur- purea were observed together with a bunch of Sedum acre. South of the creek in a rocky field we collected Celtis crassifolia and Valerianella locusta, and Fragaria americana on the roadside. Our plan the following morning was to go up the Conestoga, but a very heavy rain flooded the lowlands, so that we literally had to ‘‘ take to the hills,’’ where we found not much of inter- est, though plenty of the two species of Liparis; Cypripedium acaule and Isotria verticillata were noted. Along the railroad, between Churchtown Road and Beartown Station, more of interest was found: Prunus pennsylvanicus, Viola lanceolata, Camelina sativa and Sisymbrium altissimum, and in a ravine Carex hystricina. West of Beartown Station was a Sphagnum bank, which was a veritable Jersey swamp, on a small scale, with such orchids as Arethusa bulbosa, Limodorum tuberosum, Pogonia ophioglossoides, Gymnadeniopsis clavellata, Blephariglottis ciliaris, great quantities of Rubus hispidus and Drosera rotundifolia. During a later trip by Messrs. Crawford and Carter additional plants noted were Calamagrostis cinnoides, Andropogon corym- bosus, Rynchospora glomerata, R. alba, Rhexia virginica, Eupa- torium verbenaefolium, and the variety Siectdersis Bartonia lance- olata, Blephariglottis lacera, Xyris flexuosa, Rhus venenata ; ina ravine Viburnum venosum, and along the railroad track Euphorbia hirsuta. Pinus serotina Michx. in Southern New Jersey and other Local Notes. BY BAYARD LONG, During a trip on November 20, 1909, into Gloucester and Salem counties, to examine, under the guidance of Mr. Charles D. Lippincott, the southernmost New Jersey stations for Pinus Strobus and Tsuga canadensis, my attention was drawn to a pine superficially much like P. rigida, but with pale leaves, quite 15-20 cm. in length. Comparison with P. rigida already col- lected on the trip, showed, in addition, rather longer leaf- sheaths and, the spines of the cone-scales to be very minute and mostly deciduous. Subsequent examination of material at A. N. §. Phila. showed the pine to be without question referable to P. serotina Michz., not previously reported north of Virginia. Specimens were also compared and identification verified at the N. Y. Botanical Garden by Dr. Small and Mr. Harper. The new locality is on the margin of a swamp about two miles north- west of Swedesboro, Gloucester county, N. J. Though speci- mens were collected from only a single tree, other trees nearby, with long needles were noted and are doubtless the same species. Pinus Tarpa L.—The occurrence of P. Taeda in southern New Jersey was for some time questioned; it may be advisable to report its status as known to the Philadelphia Botanical Club. Apparently the first record was by Gifford Pinchot at Town Bank, Cape May—a single tree (Garden and Forest, x, 192). In the Plant World for November, 1897, Dr. Arthur Hollick reports another single tree at Cold Spring school-house, near Cape May. On June 30, 1909, a pine, doubtfully at the time referred to P. Taeda, was collected by the Club, at a little school-house, west of Cold Spring. The leaves measured frequently 20-24 cm. in length and the new sheaths 2 cm., but the open cones (17) 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE were quite ovoid and only about 7 cm. long—not at all the characteristic long subcylindric-ovoid cone. Later in the day, about 1.5 miles west of Cold Spring, trees, unquestionably P. Taeda, were found in some numbers. These had leaves 17-18 em, in length, new sheaths 2-2.5 cm., and cones about 10 cm. Again, on August 11, 1909, about three miles west of Cape May Court House, near Dias Creek, a station of P. Taeda was discovered. The trees were quite abundant, of all sizes and flourishing. Leaves about 17 cm. in length, new sheaths 1.5- 2 cm., and cones 10 cm. An interesting discovery was made while comparing these pine-collections with material at the New York Botanical Gar- den. The specimens collected at the school-house, by members of the Club, are quite identical with Hollick’s material, and in all probability are from the same tree. Though the cone is short, a study of the scale and spine characters show that it is to be referred to P. Taeda, as Dr. Hollick correctly reported it. Rather similar short, ovoid cones have been collected by the writer at Ellendale, Delaware. Anpropocon Ex.iorrm CHapmM.—Two sheets in the Herb. Philadelphia Botanical Club from Gloucester — New Jersey, have been so named by Mr. Geo. V. Nas Swedesboro, September 2, 1894, Charles D. Lippincott; Mickleton, September, 1895, Benjani Heritage. During the past year iaziia apparently referable to the same species have been collected by the writer from: New Jersey: Sharptown, Salem county. Pennsylvania: Ash- bourne, Montgomery county; Nottingham, Chester county. Delaware: Vandyke, New Castle county. ELEOCHARIS MELANOCARPA Torr.—An additional locality for this very rare species in New Jersey was discovered by Witmer Stone and the writer, south of Millville, Cumberland county, June 6, 1909. The plant covers large areas about the margin of a pond-hole not far from Maurice River, but apparently does not fruit nearly so freely as at the Delanco locality (the only other New Jersey station known to us). Culms with proliferous tips were noted. PsILOcARYA NITENS (VAHL.) Woop.—Discovered by O. H. PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 19 Brown near West Cape May, New Jersey, October 6, Abie growing on the muddy bottom of a dried-up pond. Not pre ously reported from the state. Specimen in Herb Philadelphia Botanical Club. Scirpus LINEATUs Micnx.—Apparent absence of record of this species in southern New Jersey makes it advisable to note: New Jersey.—New Egypt, Ocean Co., June 29, 1908, J. H. Grove; Winslow Junction, Camden Co., July 15, 1909, W. Stone. There may also be added the Pennsylvania record: Lancaster, June 22, 1909, B. Long. Scirpus aTROcINcTUs FernaLp.—A frequent plant of Sullivan county, Pa., the Pocono, etc., but only this last season known to us south of the Blue Mountains, in the Club territory. Brought to the notice of the writer from material found in the herbarium of Harold W. Pretz of Allentown, Pa. Afterward noted rather frequently and collected along the Lehigh River, in the vicinity of Treichler and Rockdale, in both Northampton and Lehigh counties. Ryncuospora SMALLII Brirron.—Specimens collected by the writer from a marsh in the serpentine area near Marshallton, Chester county, Pa., on Sept. 29, 1908, were submitted to Dr. Britton for verification. The same species was again found on August 10, 1909, growing abundantly on the boggy margin of the pond at Delanco, Burlington Co., N. J., near the Scirpus Torreyi, Eleocharis melanocarpa, E. Robbinsii, etc., discovered by members of the Club in 1907 (Proc. A. N. 8. Philada., October 20, 1908). Plants in Herb. Philadelphia Botanical Club, col- lected by Dr. T. C. Porter at Lincoln University, Chester county, Pa.. Aug. 6, 1892, also represent this species. Carex Harpert FEerNaLp.—A sedge resembling a robust Carex leptalea, collected by the writer in the Cape May Peninsula, drew attention to C. Harperi. Examination of local material in the Herb. A. N. S. Philada. and Philadelphia Botanical Club, shows the following localities: New Jersey. —Clementon, June 6, 1906, S. S. Van Pelt; Lin- denwold, Camden county, June 15 and 26, 1906, Van Pelt; Forked River, N. J., June 6, 1895, Alexander Mac Elwee; Goshen, Cape May Co., Aug. 6, 1909, Van Pelt; Bennett, Cape May Co., June 29, 1909, B. Long. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Pennsylvania.—Lancaster Co., 1884, James Galen; Llewellyn, Delaware Co., June 27, 1906, Van Pelt. About the latitude of Philadelphia seems to be the most northern extension of the range. CarREX BICKNELLIT Brirron.—The apparent rarity, and only late discovery of this handsome sedge within the Club range, make it worth noting that it is frequent on dry serpentine areas about Williamson School, Delaware county, Pa. Discovered by 8. 8. Van Pelt, July 1, 1908. ERIOCAULON PARKERI Ropinson.—As data illustrating the range extensions within the Club territory, of this plant de- scribed from Camden, New Jersey (and generally noted from there only, in the manuals), the following stations may be noted: Pennsylvania.—Tinicum [Delaware county], Charles E. Smith Herb.; Torresdale, November 10, 1904, S. Brown. New Jersey.—On Delaware, below Red Bank, August, 1864, Charles E. Smith Herb.; Bridgeport, Gloucester county, August 12, 1905, S. Brown; Fish House, Camden county [probably the locality best known to present-day botanists]; Millville, Cumberland county, on Maurice River, October 7, 1909, B. Long. Maryland.—Havre de Gras, September 1, 1906, C. 8S. Wil- liamson. These data, combined with localities noted in Delaware (Torreya, ix, 162), would lead us to expect to find the plant throughout the Delaware Bay system (and possibly the Chesa- peake Bay also) within the limits of tide-water. Uvunaria NITIDA (Britton) MackenzieE.—Though unques- tionably closely allied to U. puberula Michx. of the mountains of Virginia and southward, it does not seem altogether satis- factory to refer this pine-barren plant of New Jersey to that species. Additional localities may be worthy of mention of so apparently restricted a plant: Point Pleasant, May 30, 1897, Stewardson Brown; Brown’s Mills, April 30, 1905, Alexander MacElwee; West Creek, Ocean county, May 29, 1907, B. Long; Manahawkin, Ocean county, May 29, 1907, B. Long. PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 21 MyRIca cCERIFERA L.—It had been thought that C. S. Wil- liamson first collected this species in New Jersey in 1908, but, though not credited to New Jersey in the New Gray, Prof. Fernald tells me that he has specimens from Cape May, col- lected by Wm. M. Canby, plants which were not mounted and had not been examined at the time of the preparation of the new manual. Since Mr. Williamson’s collection the plant has been found quite frequently through Cape May county, by members of the Club. In the local herbarium are flowering and fruiting specimens from Cape May, Cold Spring, Dias Creek, Cape May Court House, and Palermo. But thus far it has not been discovered north of Cape May county. Numerous quite arborescent individuals have been noted. Much of the foliage is distinctly evergreen and forms a striking contrast to the common M. carolinensis Mill., especially in winter and early spring. Notes on Local Ferns. BY W. A. POYSER. DRYOPTERIS CRISTATA X MARGINALE Dav.—This widely dis- tributed and probably most common of all our eastern hybrids, was not until its discovery by Mr. D. W. Hamm in Lehigh county, and since by the writer in Delaware county, recorded from Pennsylvania. It is strange that it was not ‘‘ turned up”’ long ago, as it was soon after description recorded from New Jersey, New York and the New England States. In the little stretch of bushy swamps where the Delaware county plants grow, one parent—cristata—is abundant and luxurious, in fact more so than in any other local station known to me, while marginale is a mile away. The fronds of the hybrid when first discovered in 1907 were considerably longer and broader than any I have seen from other localities, averaging with stipe about forty inches long. A somewhat unusual monstrosity, two fronds from one stipe, the division just below the lowest pinnae, was collected. In 1908 the plants were trampled and almost destroyed by cows, the effect of which was evident in the fronds of the past summer which were exceedingly small. DRYOPTERIS CRISTATA X SPINULOSA INTERMEDIA DOWELL. — (D. Boottit [Tuck.] of lists). Occurs throughout the state, but is rather rare locally. The most recent collections seem to be from Delaware county by Mr. E. B. Bartram and the writer, independently. I am mentioning this hybrid principally to ask local botanists to look carefully for another cross closely re- lated to it—cristata x spinulosa. To Prof. Dowell we owe the separation and elucidation of these two combinations, long confused as synonomous under Dryopteris Boottti. Dryopteris cristata crossed with the typical S. spinulosa has long been known in Europe and as pointed out by Prof. Dowell, occurs in the Eastern United States as well. (22 ) PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 23 It is probable that some of our state or local records of D. cristata x spinulosa intermedia are based upon specimens that are really cristata x type spinulosa. The writer would be glad to ex- amine any material. The fronds should be gathered late in June or during first week of July before the indusium withers. The so-called Boottit has a glandular indusium, while the other combination has a glabrous one. DRYOPTERIS CRISTATA X GOLDIANA Benepict.—Peculiar to Delaware county and described from specimens collected by the writer in Swarthmore township. This hybrid bears a great superficial resemblance to Dryopteris Clintoniana, for which it was first mistaken by the writer. It is linked to Goldiana more by the indusium, stipe and leaves, than by the other char- acteristics. Dryopreris GOLDIANA X SPINULOSA BENEDIcT.—A few plants with Swarthmore colony of the preceding, and like it, peculiar to Delaware county. Probably the most beautiful of the hybrid dryopterids. (Originally described as Dryopteris Clintoniana stlvatica Poyser.) In connection with the two last named hybrids, it is of inter- est to note, that of the alleged parents, Goldiana does not occur (known to writer) within several miles, and is not a common fern locally. The nearest stations are southwest of Newtown Square and near Sycamore Mills. Dryopteris spinulosa and D. cristata, while in the general locality, do not occur immedi- ately with their alleged progeny. Any doubt of the correctness of a hybrid determination engendered by the absence of the supposed parents, is aptly explained away by the fact that they may have existed in the past and have since disappeared. Again, it is possible for spores to be carried for miles by the wind; while the usual microscopic characters are used in hybrid determination, most stress is laid upon the cellular structure and other characteristics of the indusium, and the generally, if not always abortive spores. To the writer, the aborted spore is the strongest characteristic in favor of hybridity. This abortive- ness alone removes some described hybrids from the category of possible mutants. Eliminating Dryopteris noveboracense, D. thelypteris, D, simu- 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE lata, D. fragrans and D. dilatata, every combination (about fifteen) of the remaining species in the genus Dryopteris occur- ring in eastern North America, has been reported. While the writer willingly admits that ferns hybridize freely, yet it re- quires some imagination (with his present knowledge) to accept a cross such as Dryopteris cristata x cristata Clintoniana, even though he has examined specimens. Or, Dryopteris spinulosa x spinulosa intermedia! The glands of the indusium of this last are said to be fewer. Possibly the future may bring enlight- enment. DRYOPTERIS SPINULOSA (L.) KrzE is not included in Keller and. Brown’s Flora, but I find it not uncommon. It can be distinguished at a glance from the variety intermedia, being not so finely cut, fronds almost stiffly erect, pinnae oblique to the rachis and indusia glabrous. The variety has spreading fronds more finely cut, pinnae at right angles to the rachis, and with indusia beset with stalked glands. The variety seems to prefer the deep rich wood, while the type is more apt to be found on more or less moist, shaded rocky slopes. OSMUNDA CINNAMOMEA L.—Quite a number of varieties of this species have been described, with two exceptions based upon the cutting of the frond. Of these two, the variety frondosa is a form intermediate between the normal sterile and fertile fronds. The other, and to the writer the most unusual form of variation, is the forma glandulosa of Waters described from specimens collected near Baltimore. Shortly after the publica- tion, Mr. Saunders discovered the form at Clementon, New Jersey, where the writer finds it in the low woods southeast of the railroad station, on the bank beyond the ‘‘ Iron Spring,”’ while the normal plant occurs with it, the form does not seem to extend to the more moist floor of the wood. The lower side of the fronds are thickly covered with minute glands, quite evi- dent to the eye and ‘‘ velvety’’ to the touch. The glands give the surface of the frond a silvery sheen in sunlight and later in the season may turn dark giving arusty tinge. I am under the impression that the form is peculiar to the type locality and Clementon. BorrycHiuM TENEBROsIUM A. A. Eaton.—A recent addition PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 25 to our state flora, collected by Mr. Daniel W. Hamm in Lehigh county. My identification was confirmed by Mr. Eaton. A small inconspicuous plant of moist shades, by some considered a lax form of Botrychiwm neglectum Wood, and by others linked with B. simplex Hitch. because of its large spores. OPHIOGLossuM vuLGATuM L. as it occurs in Pratt’s Swamp, Delaware county, is peculiarly interesting from an ecological view. The colony extends from the short grass of the higher ground down to the more moist level among the tall grasses and between the hummocks bordering the muck. In study I have separated the colony into three zones or groups, which must be understood to be arbitrary as no real line of demarcation exists, one grading into another by indefinable steps. On the dryer ground among the grasses often cropped by cattle, the species occurs small but fruitful, 5 or 6 inches, simulating O. arenariwm E. G. Britton. In fact, only the greater number of basal veins to the leaf seemed to separate it from that species—the strong- est characteristic of arenarium. The form could scarcely be said to be gregarious in the strictest sense, however, and in only one case did I find two plants from one rootstock. This is not an uncommon characteristic of the genus as a whole. Among the tall grasses the normal form with ovate leaf reached its maxi- mum size. Here some of the plants attained a height of fifteen and sixteen inches. In this zone some were observed in which the sporangia were fewer than normal and the apex of the axis flattened and leaf-like. Such a reversion, in the aborting of the essential organs, seems remarkable in a plant of such simplicity. In the third zone between the hummocks, where the plants thrust themselves upward through the prostrate stems of grasses of previous years, the most unusual variation occurred. The leaf became more or less acutely lanceolate and the sporangia were perhaps a week behind the other zones in development. The energy of the plants was seemingly expended upon the leaf, which in the most extreme specimen was eight inches long from apex to common stalk and three-quarters of an inch wide. The average was less than half this length, but all were character- istic of the zone. General Notes. Additions to the Herbarium.—During the year just closed 2,160 sheets were added to the Club Herbarium, having been received from twenty-five contributors, a good showing of activ- ity for one season.—S. S. Van PELt. A Tuckahoe from Fairmount Park.—There has recently been received at the Academy a Tuckahoe, Pachyma cocos, which from its locality and size seems worthy of note. The specimen, which was collected in Fairmount Park by Capt. James Henry Workman, measures 1.15 meters in circumference, with a diameter of 4.2 decimeters at its broadest portion. So far as we have been able to ascertain the species is not recorded north of New Jersey.—StTEwarRpson Brown. New Plants for Southern New Jersey.— On June 30, 1909, while collecting plants in the vicinity of Bennett, Cape May county, N. J., in company with members of the Club, we found in several spots a delicate little Panicum, quite different from anything with which we were familiar. I suspected it to be P. Wrightianum, and so it proved to be upon submitting speci- mens to Mrs. Agnes Chase, of the U. S. Department of Agri- culture. In the same vicinity I discovered a cluster of some half dozen plants of Pogonia divaricata, a species previously re- corded from Basto and Quaker Bridge, but not collected in New Jersey for many years, and unrepresented from the state in the Academy’s herbarium.—WITMER STONE. Brachiaria digitarioides from New Jersey.—Some years ago I recorded this species from Cape May county, but the speci- mens proved to be Panicum condensum, a species not previously known from New Jersey, and not given in the manuals. This error I pointed out later [Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., 1908, p. 458]. It is now my privilege to again report Brachiaria from the ( 26 ) PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. Zi county on the basis of unquestionably authentic specimens col- lected by Mr. O. H. Brown near Cape May City on August 12, 1908.—Wirmer Srone. Hydrocotyle rotundifolia Roxb. in the Vicinity of Phila- delphia.—In the contributions from the United States National Herbarium, vol. xii, part 10, the occurrence of the above species in North America is recorded for the first time. Dr. Rose states that the plant has been familiar to him for some years in lawns surrounding the National Museum where it is thoroughly estab- lished; its occurrence in lawns at West Chester, Pa., and Louis- ville, Ky., is also noted. During the past summer my atten- tion was attracted to the species growing in my own lawn at Germantown, Philadelphia, where it is apparently thoroughly established and spreading freely by seed as wellas stolons. Mr. Arthur N. Leeds has reported the plant as abundant on his lawn at Germantown, and Mr. Joseph Crawford records it as very abundant on the lawns of the Drexel Estate near Lansdowne, Pa. It is probable that the plant will be found to be more generally distributed through our region than we are aware.— STEWARDSON Brown. Abstract of the Proceedings of the Philadelphia Botanical Club for 1909 January 28, 1909. Fourteen members present. Mr. Van Pelt spoke of the plants collected during several trips to North- ampton Co., Pa., during the past year, illustrated with speci- mens on the wall. February 25, 1909. Twelve members present. Dr. Samuel P. Seese, Lansdale, Pa., was elected to membership. Mr. Bart- ram described a trip to Wilmington, N. C., made during October last, illustrating his remarks with some of the specimens col- lected. March 25, 1909. Ten members present. Mr. Brown de- scribed a trip taken by him during the past summer to the headwaters of the Saskatchewan and Athabaska rivers, showing specimens of some of the more interesting plants collected. Mr. Schumo described the method of growth of the Mangrove, Rhizo- phora mangle L. as observed by him during a recent visit to the island of Grenada, illustrating it with specimens of the fruit and young plant. April 22, 1909. Thirteen members and five visitors present. Harold W. Pretz, Allentown, Pa., and William Nelson, 2114 Morris St., were elected to membership. Miss Atkinson showed a number of specimens of violets collected by her at Berwyn, Pa., which were commented on by Mr. Stone. Mr. Van Pelt spoke of some plants collected at Spring Mount, Pa., by Mr. Long and himself. Mr. Stone described a recent visit to Plummer’s Island in the Potomac River, near Washington, D. C. Contrasting the flora with that of the lower Susquehanna which it closely resembles ; some striking differences were in the occurrence of Trilliwm ses- (28) PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 29 sile L., Erythronium albidum Nutt and Bicuculla canadensis (Goldie) Millsp. on the Potomac which do not occur on the Susquehanna, while Magnolia tripetala L. and Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carr. which are characteristic of the lower Susquehanna Valley, do not occur on the Potomac. Mr. Arthur N. Leeds spoke of a recent canoeing trip on the Blackwater River, Va., when he noted two patches of Camptosorus rhizophyllus (L.) Link growing in the moss on the bases of the gum trees, which is quite contrary to the habit of the plant as described in the books. Mr. Bartram recorded the collection of Bassia hirsuta (L.) Anchers at Seaside Park, N. J., the only other record for the occurrence of this Old World halophyte in this country is on the South Boston Flats. May 27, 1909. Ten members and two visitors present. Mr. Williamson described the flora in the vicinity of Lopez, Pa., some specimens collected at Ganoga Lake in the same region were shown and commented on. tember 23, 1909. Fourteen members and two visitors pres- ent. Thedeath of Prof. Ferris W. Price on September 22, 1909, was announced by the chair. Mr. Brown read a brief sketch of the life of the late Thomas Meehan prepared for publication in the Academy’s Proceedings. Mr. Van Pelt spoke of the plants on the wall which represent some of the most interesting addi- tions to the herbarium gathered during the summer including Ilex monticola mollis (A. Gray) Britton, Carex setifolia (Dewey) Britton, Mimulus moschatus Dougl., an introduction from the west, Triphora trianthophora (Sw.) Rydb. and Quercus imbricaria Miche. from Lehigh Co., Pa. ; Dentaria diphylla Michx. and Clintonia borealis (Ait.) Raf., from Bangor, Pa. ; Collomia linearis Nutt. from Angora, Philadelphia ; Quercus Rudkini Britton, Eleocharis tortilis (Link. ) Schultes, Pluchea foetida (L.) B. S. P. and Clitoria mariana L. from lower Cape May County. Mr. Stone spoke of two other interesting New Jersey plants collected west of Ben- nett, Cape May County : Pogonia divaricata (L.) R. Br. and Panicum Wrightianum Seribn., the latter species not previously recorded north of North Garcline. Mr. Brown showed speci- mens of Hydrocotyle rotundifolia Roxb. collected in his lawn in 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Germantown, Mr. Crawford had recently collected the same species on the lawns of the Drexel Estate near Lansdowne, Pa. Mr. Long recorded Amaranthus pumilus Raf. at three stations on Long Beach Island, N. J., and also recorded Gerardia auriculata Michz. from a new station for the plant in this region, Lave- rock, Montgomery Co., Pa. October 28, 1909. Fourteen members present. Robert F. Welsh, Germantown, was elected to membership. Mr. Van Pelt spoke of the plants of Northampton Co., Pa., in spring- time, describing the region visited on several trips and showing the plants collected. Mr. Long gave his observations on the species of Antennaria occurring in the Bangor region : A. neglecta Greene, A. neodioica Greene, A. fallax Greeneand A. plantaginifolia (L.) Richards, were more or less frequent. Mr. Long also re- corded two recent weed introductions in newly graded ground at Ashbourne, Pa. ; Hieracium pilosella L. and Hypochaeris radi- cata L., both were weil established and spreading. November 24, 1909. Eleven members and two visitors present. A paper by Joel J. Carter entitled ‘‘A Botanical Trip to the Welsh Mountains near Churchtown and Beartown Station, Lan- caster Co., Pa.’? was read; Mr. Van Pelt commenting on some of the specimens collected which were shown on the wall. Mr. Long spoke of a trip to Lancaster, Pa., in the early summer when the following plants of interest were collected : Arrhena- therum elatus (L.) Beawv., Scirpus lineatus Michx., Juncus Dudleyi Wiegand, Rumex Patientia L., Allium cernuum Roth., Fragaria americana (Porter) Britton, Carex Jamesii Schwein, Carex oligo- carpa Schk., Scutellaria nervosa Pursh, Prunus Mahaleb. L. and Xanthorylum americanum Nutt. Mr. Stone spoke of the distribu- tion of plants in southern New Jersey, illustrating his remarks with maps of the state, colored to indicate the probable distribu- tion of the several species considered ; the exact localities where specimens have been collected was noted. Mr. Long showed a specimen of Pinus serotina Michz. collected by him near Swedes- boro, N. J. ; the species is not recorded north of North Carolina. December 80, 1909. Annual meeting. Ten members present. PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 31 Election of officers for the ensuing year resulted in the choice of: President, Stewardson Brown; Vice-President, Edwin B. Bartram ; Second Vice-President, Joel J. Carter ; Secretary, Lee Sowden ; Treasurer, Arthur N. Leeds; Curator, Samuel S. Van Pelt ; Assistant Curator, Bayard Long. The evening was de- voted to an examination of the specimens on the wall which in- cluded some of the more noteworthy additions to the herbarium during the year. OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE Philadelphia Botanical Club. 1910. STEWARDSON BROWN, President. EDWIN B. BARTRAM, Vice-President. JOEL J. CARTER, 2nd Vice-President. LEE SOWDEN, Secretary. ARTHUR N. LEEDS, Treasurer. 8. 8. VAN PELT, Curator. BAYARD LONG, Associate Curator, ACTIVE MEMBERS. James F. Baker, 938 Broadway, Camden, N. J......-..0.eeee eee *1896 Epwin B. Bartram, OF, Pe eA ES 1906 Gronar W. Bassertr, Hammonton, N. Ji. Coie e eee en es ees e 1904 Gzorce M. BErinGER, 5th and Federal Sts., Camden, N. J..... Founder. Dr. Amos P. Brown, 20 E. Penn St., Germantown, Pa........... 1892 STEWARDSON Brown, Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila. Pa. Founder. Bay, a. BS. Buntine, Greenville, Delos... ee See ec as 1907 JOSEPH CRAWFORD, 16 E. Steward Ave., Lansdowne, Pa....... Founder. Frank Mus Day, Mt. Airy, Philadelphia, Pa.............. Founder. RicHarp H. Day, 419 N. 2nd St., Philadelphia, Pa.......... Founder. Dr. JouN W. EckFetpt, 65th and Vine Sts., Philadelphia, Pa..... 1892 WittiaM Finpiay, 212 N. 8th St., Philadelphia, ag ee re 1908 Te OL Ee eee. Peale Pa ois oe ice ose ec ek Siac 1892 BagTraM W. Grirrirus, 4024 Green St., Philadelphia, Pa........ 1902 * Date indicates year of election to Club. (32) PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 33 J. H. Gaovs, New WgyoG Nidiaed is ey in ..- 1905 Wiuu1am E. Haypock, 4110 Parkside Ave., Philadelphia, PBsesuns 1903 BENJAMIN HeritaGE, Mickleton, N. J..........2e00eeeecees Founder. Pror. ZEPHANIAH HOPPER eer, N. 12th St., Philadelphia, Pa.. 190 R. A THUR JONES, 1810 Jefferson St., Phil Clphia, Ph... sos 1897 Dr. Ipa A. KeLuEr, Girls High School, Philadelphia, ty eeuuet ake 1892 Dr. Henry Krarmer, 145 N. 10th St., Philadelphia, Pa........... 8 Dr. Henry A. Lasse, 59th and Market Sts., Philadaiohin Pa... 1894 ae, th: PEARCE LiAWin, ansdile, Pas. 0c cis oss cn ec vee wands 06 Mas. H. Pearce Laxin, Lansdale, Pa... 2.0. .e0sccavssceseecses 1906 Henry A. Lane, 1633 N. 15th St. FRUAGOIONIAS Bis a oo os 50055 1901 Cuartes H. La Watt, 507 S. 42nd St., Philadelphia, Pa......... 1896 ARTHUR N. Lezps, 5321 Baynton St., Germantown, 5 og Founder, Morris E. Leeps, 5321 Baynton St., ‘Ger antown, Pa... ounder. Dr. T. Montcomery LigHtroor, 5935 ici St., lla, Pa. 1892 CHarLes D. Liprincort, oS oe oc Founder. PACARG LONG, ASUDOUTUE, P8ceeny woepaee ccs cavcas divans 906 Mayne REap onan 1823 Arch St., Philadelphia, Pa....... 1892 Davin N. McCappen, Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila., Pa. 1 Miss Harriet E. McCLELuaN, 4834 Walton Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. 1906 ALEXANDER MacELwee, 5424 Merion Ave., Philade Iphin, Fa 1892 Dr. A. S. Martin, ager ou Me ig OR Reet Tee eee eee 1899 Joun H. Marruews, 3219 ts ‘13th St., oo a. PR e285 1902 Dr. A. W. Mruer, 400 N. 3rd St., Philadelphi is Pee i es Founder Pror. Marruew C. O’Brien, Boy’s High School, Philadelphia, Pa. 1904 ILLIAM NELSON, 2114 Morris St., Philadelphia, Pa............. 1909 Joun E. OverHoutzEr, Norristo : ees ee Nees eee eee 1892 Joun T. PENNYPACKER, 837 M. Se vvctss 26S W. A. Poyser, 6020 Thompson St., "Palade Ps. edge ee 906 HaRoLp W. Prez, 368 Union St., Aliitowa; Pa ire 1909 Da. W.-H. Rukp, Norristown, Paes siccsic veces cccecectecewsans 1892 Miss Lintian Roseman, 1839 Van Pelt St., Philadelphia, Pa..... 1900 Sitas L. Scuumo, 880 N. 22nd St., Philadelphia, Sg rere ye ree 1897 Dr. Samusn P. Szz em, Lansdale, Pas... 00 sccce cst ec esse ee cece. 1909 Epwin I. Simpson, PE of Neiatel Sciences, Payne Pa. 1907 BENJAMIN H. Situ, 4704 Chester Ave., Philadelphia, Pa........ 1906 Lre SownEN, 3122 Midvale Ave., Philadelphia, Pa............... 1901 Witmer Stonr, Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila., Pa..... Founder. S. 8. Van Pent, 2110 Walnut St., Phitadelphia, eee 1902 Rosert F, WeusH, 5335 Baynton St., Germantown, Pa........... T. J. Winkinson, 4082 Lancaster devia: Philadelphia, Pa....... .. 1907 CHARLES 8S. WILLIAMSON, 2127 Mt. Vernon St., Philade sine Pa... 1897 W. H. Wrrrs, 16 York St., Camden, N. J.........-+-05: . .. 1898 Dr. Feanx Wooppury, 218 N. 16th St., Philadelphia, Pecan 1905 34 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. Cuatios (©: BAcHMAn, Slatington, Paci.) ois eerie Ss 1908 Dr. Grorce N. Best, Rosemont, N. J.......... eee SSS 1906 HBvGENES -P.-Dickhkit, Now York Oily. : occ i sk 896 Dr. NATHANIEL Lorp Britton, New York Botanical Garden..... 1892 TH G. Brirton, New York Botanical Garden............. 95 GO: Hi. BROw M; pe DABS INS it Gres oro rks PSS SESS 1908 JORL, d:-CARTER, Peter Uteek; Paice sii cs. Pee ee SS 1904 A. ARTHUR HELLER, DOINGS rte ee ee Oe eS 1893 Grorce V. Nasu, New York eee IOC. Sis Vo Sees vs 1905 bs Je" he Se THROCE, Wet: Chegher,- Paice o. i. Se ES 1892 ire. TAUMDERS,- Pasadem, Gales eee ie ca OO er 1893 Dr. JOHN K. SMa, New York Botanical Garden............... 1893 ans. 2-8. Stan, Oeoan View; Ne Fes eas Poi et i i OE 1897 Dr. CAMPBELL E. Waters, Washington, D. C................-6.. 1904 DECEASED MEMBERS. Died. Pror. Enson 8. Bastin, Honorary: . 2. cc ves nee oe April, 1897 Dr. J. BERNARD BRINTON, Founder................ December 6, 1894 SGAA0 DURE, THONOEEEY 6 oo is bes cans usa < cee eeee March 30, 1892 WILLIA « ACANBY, FEONOTAT Yes ced Cink Semen wean Mareh 10, 1904 Dr. Witliam Hersst, Honorary................. December 22, 1906 ALBRECHT JARN, POUNGG?.. ow. is ok cscs bs cain beeen February 6, 1905 Pror. JoHN M. MaiscH ahem: oie ia clas Sa ee September 10, 1893 Isaac C. MARTINDALE, Houde oh be pe ee caw ea elwe January 3, 1893 THOMAS MEGHAN, Fowhder 5.5.20 e0 cus cs. cate November 18, 1901 Dk. .Issao 8. Moyen, Honorary 2.6. ccc. sis ces ber 7, 1898 we..THOMas C, Porter, Honorary. : oon nee wes April 27, 1901 or. FeRRis W. Price, Corresponding........... September 22, 1909 w0ny ff. Reprints, Honorary. 0... vc ci ee ne February 27, 1895 Dr. CHARLES SCHAEFFER, Active ...........-..... November 2 03 Barn. Bc weIEE, Active os ci cas ose cee ts August 14, 1901 INDEX TO SPECIES Acer pennsylvanicum, 2 saccharum, 13 aie a} ~ c ae 12 Alsine borealis, 2 Amaranthus pum ndropogon oryinees ad ottii, il, 18 irginicus, il, 13 Antennaria fallax, 3 nis, 30 antaginifotia 30 Andromeda glaucophy ylla, “ee hy a : Aplectrum hyemale, 12 Aralia hispida, 17 Arethu usa bulbosa, oe ~ Arisaema pusillum epee ay 15, 16 Asplenium ps sin dee 10 lat euron, 1 10 Arrhenatherum elatus, 30 Asclepias se umbens, 14 rosa, 14 Azalea Sanieonenn: 2 Baccharis halimifolia, 14 Bartonia lanceolata, 16 virginica, 13 Bassia hirsuta, 29 Betula alleghionsis, 12, 13, 16 Bicuculla canadensis 29 Bidens involucrata, 14 Blephariglottis ciliaris, 16 era, Botrychium neglectum, 25 ex, 25 rosum, 24 Brachiaria digitarioides, 26 Calamagrostis cinnoides, 16 Pm amen sativa, sdifolia, 12 tera cei 10, 29 Carex pista 20 nyetrieltit 16 intumescens, 16 Jamesii, 30 a inosa, 16 leptalea, 16, 19 oligocarpa, 3 ene scula, 3 Ee Castilleja coccinea, is crassifolia, hamenerion © J titolinil, 16 eS is) — Jollomia lin onvolvulus j “japonicus, 16 Vilvyv CaxCsc) 2SOa9 S) R= sas poe Ss 7) (=) t ee 31 Lycopus americanus, 19 Medicago lupulina, 17 sativa, 17 Meibomia Peiotoods. 8 Meibomia prmaerntines. 8 shila ora, 8 unctata, 19 Mollugo verticillata, 15 Myrica carolinensis, 12, 14 Nabalus trifoliatus, 20 Onagra biennis, 13, 18 a sensibilis, 1 13 ioglossum Srepaue. 13. Opuntia opuntia Oxalis stricta, 17 Panicum ee 29 Paronychia dicho Parthenocissus angi, 18 Pedicularis canadensis, 31 r marit ima, 20 Acti camphorata, 21 nia divari Polygonella articulata, 15 Polygonum hydropiper, 15 Zuccarinii, 23 Prunus mar sage 16 serotin Ptilimnium eapillaceum, 18 Pyrola secunda, Quercus heterophylla, 29 Rudkini, 29 Ranunculus bulbosus, 16 INDEX TO SPECIES. Rhus ciel open 17 ard Rosa huni Rubus canadensis, 22 pho colasius, 16 Hadbeckia fnigida, Rumex ieee 3 aoe eris haatabital; 15 Saf tag stellaris, 19 icornia ambigua, 15 erba acea, 13, 15 Salix myrbilloides, 31 Salsola Kali, 15 axifraga mieranthidifolia 28 Scirpus pa abies ? atrocinctus, 28 debili * 29 Smithii, 29, 30 Sc hus annuus, 16 Scleria verticillata, 28 Se a integrifolia, 19 aritimum, 15 Smilax rotundifolia, 14 Solanum nigrum, Solidago Elliottii, 29 Solidago aes: 21 ida, 28 eae fee nvirens, 21 Spartina pat Strophowtyies helvola, 17 mbellata, 17 Taraxacum taraxacum, 20 Teucrium canadense, 19 Tilia heterophylla, 32 Tissa nor oy na, ru risdennn virginicum, 18 Trientalis americana, Trifolium ete sich 17 pra e, 17 Trillium ean isin 28 Typha angustifolia, 13 latifolia, 13 Unifolium canadensis, 14 Utricularia en: 31 Uvularia nitida, 3 Vagnera racemosa, 14 Viburnum dentatum, 20 pu Viola Brittoniana pri rimuluefoli, 18 Vitis pent US, sca, Fc Xanthium sacaey rinpeie 20 Xyris flexuosa, 1 39 19it BARTONIA Le ep RP RE RE BIES A BOTANICAL ANNUAL ? PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB STEWARDSON BROWN BARTONIA Proceedings of the Philadelphia Botanical Club. An annual devoted to the Flora of Eastern Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Delaware. Edited by Stewardson Brown Subscription Price, 25 cents. Address STEWARDSON BROWN Editor, Academy of Natural Sciences, Logan Square, Philadelphia, Pa. JosEPH CRAWFORD, ; ITMER ST > Publication Committee. Handbook of the Flora of Philadelphia 7 and Vicinity. 2 at _ By IDA A. KeLter AND Srewannson Brown Sabie ee —— HO Sa ABAMA AMERICANA (KER.) MORONG BARTONIA PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB No. IV PHILADELPHIA, PA. 1911 Abama americana (Ker) Morong BY WITMER STONE In 1802 there came to Philadelphia a young botanist of Ger- man parentage, named Frederick Pursh. He was traveling in America in search of specimens and information from which he could prepare a flora of the country—an undertaking which he ultimately achieved with much credit. He naturally visited the famous Bartram homestead and the country-seat of William Hamilton not far distant, noted for their botanic gardens, and both at that time well out in the country, although now surrounded by the city—the former a park, the latter a cemetery. At Hamilton’s place, known as The Woodlands, Pursh found the manager of the gardens about to leave, and being offered the position he accepted it, and re- mained in charge until 1805. His immediate surroundings were particularly congenial, especially his association with Wil- liam Bartram, Benjamin Smith Barton and others, while the proximity of the great Pine Barren wilderness of New Jersey offered opportunities for profitable collecting. The region had hitherto been comparatively little explored, and Pursh visited y: PROCEEDINGS OF THE it frequently and to good purpose, although unfortunately he has left us no account of the country as he found it or any de- tails relating to his discoveries. Among the rare and curious plants that he was the first to collect was one which he procured near the old hostelry at Quaker Bridge, where travelers crossing to the coast could find lodging over night, and where, until the advent of the railroads, botanists were wont to make their headquarters when exploring the Pine Barrens. This plant was submitted to Mr. Ker, who published a figure and description of it in Curtis’ Botanical Magazine, plate No. 1505, as Narthecium americanum. Pursh thought that his plant was identical with the Nartheciwm glutinosum of Michaux, a species of Tofieldia, and informed Ker that he had collected it in Canada as well as in New Jersey. Later he adopted Ker’s view of its relationship, but for some years later, even in the earlier editions of Wood’s Botany, Canada is erroneously in- cluded in the range of this species. It is not surprising that in the involved condition of the nomenclature of these genera prevalent at the time, there should have been some doubt as to the exact relationship of this plant, but it is curious that in the bogs of the Wading River not far from Quaker Bridge there was growing a true Tofieldia, which, had Pursh only discovered it, would have shown him at once the difference between the two genera. Until nearly the close of the nineteenth century our plant was known as Narthecium americanum, or as a variety of the closely allied WN. ossifragum of the bogs of northern Europe, but latterly with the strict enforcement of priority the earlier gen- eric name Abama of Adanson has been revived, and it appears as Abama americana. The plant really has no vernacular name. Few of the natives of the Pines ever saw it, and it has no con- spicuous characters or uses which would demand recognition by name. In the books it has been called ‘‘ Bog Asphodel”’ and ‘‘ False Asphodel.’’ As to systematic relationship, it has been shifted back and forth from Jwncaceae to Melanthaceae, now finding lodgment in the latter group. In distribution the Abama is extremely local. When Dr. PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 3 Britton published his catalogue of New Jersey plants, seyenty- five years after the discovery of the Abama, it had been found at only five stations, and now, after a lapse of just one hundred years, we know it from only fifteen localities, all of them—with one exception—in an area, roughly speaking, twenty by thirty miles, from Tom’s River to Crowleytown, and from Ostrom to Pasadena. It had always been supposed to be restricted absolutely to the heart of the New Jersey Pine Barrens, but in examining the Albert Commons herbarium now in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Mr. Stewardson Brown found speci- mens collected near Lewes, Delaware, by Mr. Commons, August 1, 1895. Probably some of the older localities are now extinct, as the Abama is one of those plants which are exterminated by cran- berry culture. The damming and flooding of the bogs cover the low, wet sandy spots frequented by the plant and it disap- pears—at least I have never been able to find it on the edges of cultivated bogs. On the branches of the Wading River about Chatsworth and Speedwell, where broad, wet sandy bogs abound, I have seen great patches of Abama, the short stiff leaves curv- ing up from the root stalks in thick ranks like short grass, while the yellow spikes standing close together make a golden sheen over the bog that can be seen at quite a distance. Even when in fruit they make quite a show, the seed capsules being rich reddish-brown, and the stalks and bracts buff like wheat chaff. Abama always brings to my mind recollections of some of the wildest stretches of the Pine Barrens. One spot especially I always associate with it and its congeners Lophiola and Tofieldia. A low, scattered growth of Pitch Pines slopes down on either side to the moist Savanna, through which flows the rapid, tea- colored stream. On the edge of the moist ground is a dense low, shrubby growth of White Azalea, three or four species of Huckleberries and the Inkberry—ZIlex glabra. White Cedars mark the course of the stream, now forming dense clusters, now scattering, with young ones standing out here and there in the grassy, open stretches, and with the Cedars along the bank are Red Maples, Wax Myrtles and beds of Royal Fern, Carex livida and Eleocharis tuberculosa. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE The Savannas are covered with the tall stalks of Danthonia epilis, while the denser growth below contains Panicum enst- folium, Rynchosporae of several species, Scleria minor, etc., all rising from a bed of sphagnum or from patches of wet, white sand, and scattered all about in definite clumps are the Pitcher Plants, with pitchers of all shades and combinations of green and crimson, and the button-topped stalks of the Pipeworts, Eriocaulon compressum and decangulare—the former at this date, July 4, scattering its chaff at the slightest touch, the latter only in bud. With them, but not so definitely tufted, are the yellow spikes of the Abama, the white gummy-stemmed Tofieldia, and beds of the snowy, wooly heads of the Lophiola. There are crimson Limodorums and pink Pogonias starring the grass here and there, and where shallow, rusty, iron-stained pools are formed on either side of the rapid-flowing stream, there are solid masses of yellow Utricularias, shining like beds of gold in the sunlight. And in the deep water are white pond-lilies and velvety leaves of the Golden Club, now gone to seed, erect emerged spikes of Juncus militaris and Xyris Congdoni, and great ~ beds of Eriocaulon septangulare and Scirpus subterminalis, their leaves and stems ever swaying in the steady current. Truly one of nature’s flower gardens, and it stretches for miles, fol- lowing the course of the stream through the wilderness of pine, cedar and white sand, now narrowing, now widening out into broad stretches. Some seasons it is saturated with water and one can only browse along the edges, at others the dried vege- tation forms a crust upon which one can walk with ease, though ever mindful that beneath is an almost bottomless morass of mud and decayed vegetation, so that it is safer in such spots to trust to fallen cedar logs and dense clumps of rushes in shaping one’s course.* Such are the haunts of Adama, but their beauties are more than offset in the eyes of all but enthusiastic botanists, by the hordes of blood-thirsty mosquitoes, swarms of persistent deer flies, the apparently endless roads of deep white sand, and the broiling sun of midsummer. * From Stone, Flora of Southern N. J. Ann. Rept. N. J. State Museum (in press). PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 5 Abama americana is known from Toms River, from Forked River, ten miles below, and from Ostrom on Oyster Creek, a little farther south, from Chatsworth, Speedwell, Jones Mill and Pole Branch on the Wading River, and from Hampton Gate, east of Atsion, Quaker Bridge, Batsto, Pleasant Mills, and op- posite Crowleytown on the Batsto and Mullica River system, and from Goose Pond west of Pasadena, the headwaters of one of the branches of Rancocas Creek—the only station on a stream draining into the Delaware. All of the localities lie east of the New Jersey Southern Rail- road except Pasadena and Hampton Gate, which are a little to the west of it; while all of them are north of the Camden and Atlantic road. The record given in Dr. Britton’s Catalogue for Woodbury on authority of Mrs. W. McGeorge I have been unable to verify. No specimen is extant in any herbarium so far as I can ascer- tain, and Dr. Britton has no recollection of ever having seen a specimen from this locality. Its occurrence at Woodbury would be very surprising, and under the circumstances it seems probable that some error has been made in connection with the record, The well-defined, limited area in which Abama occurs in New Jersey makes Mr. Commons’ discovery of the plant at Lewes, Delaware, all the more interesting. As in the case of a good many other species, we probably have the remnant of a much wider distribution in former geological time, probably connecting on the north with A. ossifraga of Europe, of which our plant is quite likely a derivative, differentiated by isolation and peculiar conditions of environment. Some Noteworthy Plants of Lehigh County, Pa. BY HAROLD W. PRETZ The manner in which the ranges of species are expressed in our manuals of botany is generally well known to workers in the science, and an increasing knowledge of the factors limiting the range of certain species is contributing to a better under- standing of their distribution. Species of typical Carolinian as- sociation are thus found to extend westward well toward the mountains in this latitude in isolated stations. When they occur further west it is usually just across the mountains. Thus the ‘‘northern’’ or northwestern tier of the counties of the Club range in Pennsylvania mark the extension toward or away from the mountains as the case may be, of certain species. Lehigh county shares several of these outposts with the other counties and in some cases apparently holds the only records of this kind for the Club territory. Apart from such records there are certain species occurring within Lehigh county that are worthy of special mention for the purpose of recording their present status. Plain records often do not tell anything more than the fact of occurrence, and prop- erly labeled material usually tells little more. To the inter- ested student of some special species this is often discouraging. The present contribution has really grown from such an especial interest. In Sargent’s Manual of the Trees, Lehigh county is specifically mentioned as a limit of distribution for the Shingle Oak ( Quer- cus imbricaria Michx.) in a northeasterly direction. When the ‘* New Gray ’’ was published there was a record for this species that read, ‘‘locally, e. Mass. (Kennedy).’’ Here apparently was a record that had to be reckoned with, and Dr. Fernald of the Gray Herbarium very kindly gave the writer all of the in- formation at his command concerning this record. In his letter Dr. Fernald writes, ‘‘ For several ycars local botanists have (6) PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 7 known a tree which was found by Dr. G. G. Kennedy growing in a dense tangle by a stone wall in Milton, Mass. The tree is estimated as 40 or 50 years old and is the only one known. Dr. Kennedy has an interesting theory in regard to its origin and promised to make a note of his explanation in Rhodora.”’ Dr. Fernald also stated ‘‘that Dr. Kennedy had never himself published the information about it.’’ Under the circumstances it seemed quite proper to publish in Barronra something of the occurrence of the species in Lehigh county. The species in Lehigh county may be said to be confined to the valley of Cedar Creek and its environs. For three or four miles along the valley of the creek the trees are found to occur in the patches of woodland between the cultivated fields, along the hedge-rows, etc. As far as Dorneyville, three-fourths of a mile south from the creek, small trees may be seen along the road- side. In the vicinity of Col. H. C. Trexler’s farm in the valley of Little Cedar Creek the tree is of rather frequent occurrence, and in some cases is found to extend approximately one-half mile northeast from the creek. No census of trees has ever been attempted because of the relative frequency of occurrence throughout this local area. The largest trees occur mostly scattered along the lowlands in the vicinity of the stream. At a spring head above the dam at Dorney Park is a large tree ; one and a half miles down stream in a field is another. Just above the Duck Farm there are several roughly scattered in a group, and one-half a mile below are at least two large trees. As stated above, the writer has never followed out his intention of securing accurate data concerning the species in the county. At least some of the trees specifically mentioned above are 50 feet or over in height. There are a number of others that do not approach this height but are mature trees. In one very small patch of woodland between fields, the writer recalls seeing three saplings of less than eight feet in height and a girth easily surrounded by the fingers of one hand. In size the trees vary in about the same degree as do other indigenous species. The writer has always believed the species indigenous. The earliest white settlers in the county did not come from the West, and the species is really of more normal distribution west 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE of the Appalachians and southward. Porter’s Flora of Penn- sylvania gives a number of stations for the State, the nearest being Huntingdon county. There is a record in the Handbook of the Flora of Philadelphia and vicinity for Haddington, Phil- adelphia county. This record is based on a single tree. and the writer has been assured that this tree bears every evidence of having been introduced into cultivation. Dr. Moyer in a paper read before the Bucks County Historical Society at Quakertown, April 15, 1884, entitled Indigenous and Naturalized Flowering Plants, Ferns, and Fern Allies of Bucks County, said, ‘‘ We have fourteen species of oaks; two, the Shingle Oak and the Spanish Oak, are so rare as to be botanical curiosities; * * * .’? A re- vision of Dr. Moyer’s list of plants for Bucks county by Dr. C. D. Fretz, does not include Shingle Oak, but in the origina] list in the History of Bucks County published in Doylestown, Pa., 1876, Quercus Phellos Mx., collected by I. C. Martindale at Bristol, is called Shingle Oak. The occurrence in the county of other species normally West- ern in their distribution would go far to confirm the opinion that the tree is indigenous. On a limestone knoll near West Bethlehem, along the Monocacy creek, Gentiana flavida A. Gray has been collected, and a good specimen is in the Porter herba- rium at Lafayette College. In 1899 Mr. Wilbur L. King, of Bethlehem, collected the plant at this place, and in 1900 he and Mr. J. A. Ruth, of West Bethlehem, and formerly of Mon- roe, Bucks county, visited the place but failed to find a trace of of the plant. Mr. Ruth and his brother found the one plant of this species on which the record for Bucks county is based. It was found close to the jasper pits of the Indians, and the ques- tion of its introduction through the agency of the red man was suggested by Mr. J. A. Ruth in a local historical paper. The writer does not feel that such a suggestion would apply to the Lehigh county plants. Recently the writer went over the spot, and while the Gentian was apparently absent, Eupatorium altis- simum L., also collected by Dr. Porter presumably at this same place, was rather abundant. Both of these plants are rather normally Western in their distribution. Associated with the Eupatorium was Solidago rigida L. and Kuhnia eupatorioides L., PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 9 the latter also a plant recorded for ‘‘ Lehigh’ in Porter’s list and presumably from this place, though the plant can still be found at another station in the county. The occurrence of from one to two dozen large trees of the Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa Michx.) locally in woodlands, along fences, etc., along the Coplay creek just west of Hoken- dauqua, is perhaps of sufficient interest to mention in this con- nection. This species has a wider Eastern range than any of the above-mentioned species, but the trees though localized would appear to the writer to be indigenous. Another noteworthy plant of Lehigh county is Sazifraga micranthidifolia (Haw.) B. S. P., a plant of the Alleghenies ranging from Lehigh and Northampton counties southward to Tennessee. As far as the writer knows the record in Dr. Porter’s list for Laurel Hill, Somerset county, is the only other one for the State of Pennsylvania. Just where the ‘‘ Bethlehem, Northampton county’’ station may be, the writer has never tried to confirm. Doubtless it is along one of the smaller streams of the South Mountain along the Lehigh river just be- low Bethlehem. On the spur of these mountains that parallels the river to just below Allentown in Lehigh county, the plant occurs in abundance well up the hill along a small stream rising in a boggy area locally known as the “‘ Bletzel,’’ about one and three-fourth miles from Allentown. About two miles southeast of Allentown is the main range of the South Mountains locally known as Lehigh Mountain. Along the north side of this ridge from a streamlet in the vicinity of a place known locally as ‘“Gruvers,’’ to a streamlet about one and a half miles eastward from Emaus, the species occurs rather abundantly, along at least portions of the small streamlets or in the vicinity of the boggy areas in which they head. The writer would simply direct any one in search of the species in Lehigh county to find a streamlet and follow it up. The species would surely be found somewhere perched among the rocks or growing among them in the widened bed of the cold streamlet. En masse the plant in bloom is rather a fair sight. It is not the purpose of the writer to follow up in any way the many suggestive points concerning the distribution of the 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. above-mentioned species and their occurrence in the county, but rather merely to indicate their present status. In reply to an inquiry, Dr. A.|F. K. Krout, a former resident of the county and a collector in this region, has written of Quercus imbricaria Michx. and Sazifraga micanthidifolia (Haw) B. 8S. P.: ‘‘ These plants have a very interesting history in your county. The first to discover either of them were the Moravian botanists, whose industry in this line allowed nothing to escape their notice in this rich field for botanical exploration. “The Quercus imbricaria was first found by Rev. Christian Denke, of Nazareth, Pa., a friend and contemporary of the noted Dr. Heinrich Muhlenberg, of Lancaster, and one of his correspondents. And then Rev. Schweinitz and Rev. Wolle and their successor, Eugene A. Rau, who informed all the rest of us newcomers of these very interesting rarities. ‘*Tt is a notable fact that the localities of these two plants have been visited by most all of the noted botanists and general collectors since the good Moravian brethren located and admired them for their beauty and localized habitations. **Contrary to the history of other rare plants, these have not been disturbed by the encroachments of civilization, cultivation, improvements and forest denudation. Some one surely deserves much credit for such unusual care. I hope they may be spared for many years to come.”’ Within the writer’s acquaintance with the Saxifrage, the plants have apparently suffered little if any injury from any cause, and would appear to have gained in abundance. The Oaks are distributed among well occupied cultivated lands, and the mature trees at least have probably decreased in numbers. An area of woodland denuded in recent years likely included some of the trees. Whatever fate the future may hold for the species in Lehigh county, the trees growing on the Colonel Trexler farm, the piece of woodland included in the Muhlen- berg College grounds, and in the grove at Dorney Park, are practically assured of protection. Trials and Pleasures of the Collector BY GEORGE WILLIAM BASSETT Unless one has searched the woods in winter or autumn for specimens it would be hard to realize the difficulties of a col- lector’s work. To go into the bogs on a sunny day in June and pick up Limodorum in full bloom—anybody can do that, but to find the bulb in the autumn, when at best one has to identify it by the seed pod, that is another man’s work. Then let a winter’s snows crush down the stems, leaving but a bit of slender brown curled leaf, and that perhaps broken off short or pulled loose; then you are up against something real. But it is only a matter of getting your eyes ‘‘set,’’ provided you know that you are on the right ground. I have hunted for these bulbs for nearly an hour before I made a strike, then in ten minutes picked up fifty within a section of ditch a rod long. In May you can’t help seeing Arethusa if you are where it grows. But you may set a stake by the side of each of a hun- dred blooms, and in spring if you get ten bulbs out of the lot you are doing extraordinarily well. A few seasons back we located an abundance of these blooms in a cedar swamp with a deep sphagnum bottom where there were perhaps fifty in one space three by ten feet. We were sure of finding it again if wanted, so just blazed a tree at either end of the little moss patch, which was in a half-acre tract of cedar that was just full of Arethusa, Next spring, with confidence, we sallied forth to Pennypot Swamp; there were two of us, and after a half-day search we returned with just six bulbs. But these are extremes. One can find most any plant if he knows where it grows and has seen it in its dormant state. Blephariglottis blephariglottis, though at first rather hard to dis- tinguish, after the first one or two of the brown seed pods are located, one’s eye becomes accustomed to their form and they are readily picked up if one looks in the right direction. A (11) : 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE sunny day is best, and looking away from a low sun will show them to best advantage. The main thing is to know that Blep- harigloitis blephariglottis grows where you are looking, and that Blephariglottis ciliaris does not, for these two are twins. Another of the collector’s trials is to get an order for some- thing he has never seen. There may be no profit in the getting of it, but it hurts to fall down either on the ice or the job. Once we had an order for a small quantity of Hudsonia tomen- tosa. It grew at Quaker Bridge in quantity, but that was out of our way, and I was going to Hampton Gate for Limodorum that grew there abundantly. My father told me he had seen quan- tities of Hudsonia tomentosa growing there, but I had never seen it anywhere. Armed with father’s description of the plant and the place, away we went. His description of the locality seemed good—we found Hampton Gate; there was the large bridge, then the small one some little distance further through the swamp, and after that the sand hill and flat grown over with Hudsonia, but for the life of me I could not see where it dif- fered from H. ericoides. We collected the number of plants our slip called for, for we wanted the same number of each of the Hudsonias, and Hampton Gate is sixteen miles away. We ate our grub in the sunny lee of the sand bank, with coffee boiled over a camp fire, and a little of everything we had been able to gather from mother’s pantry warmed in a frying-pan, then we started home with a lot of doubts in our noddle. We never come home the way we go if we can find another road, so this time we came down the far side of the cranberry bogs. A mile or so to the eastward, while I was bent over in the wagon changing boots for shoes, we passed another place, Skits Branch, which from many later visits I have found to also fit my father’s description. Here our wagon wheels passed over the plant we were looking for, and had I been looking out I’d have changed my doubts for the plants I was after. But woe and weal begin with the same letter’and you find them both in the same places, according to which you look for. Although I had in the meantime gotten the Hudsonia at Quaker Bridge, my failure nettled me. So when the time offered I went back, but this time my eyes were where they belonged, PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 13 and in addition to the Hudsonia, we made an interesting find of Schizaea, a patch that being some half-dozen or more miles up the Quaker Bridge stream probably existed long before the Quaker Bridge patch, although it was not discovered until many years after that first find. In this little spot ‘‘On Skit’’ there are at least five rare or near-rare plants to this region—Hudsonia tomentosa, Schizaea, Lophiola aurea, Breweria Pickeringii, one of the vines of which tripped me and made me find it, and Abama, which grows quite plentifully on the marsh above the Bridge. Of the latter there is a fringe clustered around a little spring by the roadside that would make a beautiful illustration, could one but remember to take his camera with him. To find in an out-of-the-way place some rarity and then with each returning visit to add to the list something new, that counts on the pleasant side. Another thing one enjoys is dining in the open. The appe- tite is sure, it grows with the day, and if your companion is woodsy, you’ll enjoy many a picnic dinner by the wayside. I can’t go by Hampton Gate without noting the shelf cut into the sand bank where we set our wagon seat the day we flunked on Hudsonia. If dinner time finds us near Batsto, we are sure to drive into the little clearing among the birches to enjoy our hot coffee, with our backs to the lee of a blanket hung over the rail fence. We have an orchestra there, the brook flows on the other side ~ of the fence and for music there is none sweeter. Before forest fires spoiled it, there was a sunny little nook on the west side of Atsion pond to which we have driven two or three miles many a day from our work in the woods to cook our dinner and eat it while we’d gaze across the pond at the little green house where Mrs. Stiles keeps the post office, think- ing of another dinner she prepared for us one day when we left our lunch at home. And while we would gaze we longed to doze again in the hammock under the pines by the water’s edge as on that other day while our dinner was making. Some Results of Recent Field Work in the Cape May Peninsula BY BAYARD LONG Probably no portion of southern New Jersey has been more assiduously explored in the last few years than the Cape May peninsula ; certainly no territory of equal size in the local range has been more prolific in results encouraging to the botanist who is interested in plant distribution. There are two points of interest, of especial prominence, found in the working-up of the flora of nearly all of our areas here in the eastern United States where botanists have been working for many years: first, of making range-extensions previously un- known ; and second, of clearing up published records of rare plants, specimens of which are apparently not extant or which may be hidden away in old herbaria not now readily accessible orin active use. So interesting a region as southern New Jersey may be expected to have its full quota of plants whose occur- rence there has rested for many years solely upon the authority of some published record. Often, of course, there is no reason to doubt the authenticity of a record, but on the other hand a record may be so questionable that no matter what its status, the rediscovery of a plant long lost is always a triumph to the botanist. From the above words it must not be thought that unverified records in southern New Jersey are superabundant over new range-extensions. I wish merely to convey that the former are scarcely of less interest than the latter in critically working up any flora. Asa matter of fact the number of spe- cies new to this region, discovered within even the last decade, are probably far in advance of the number whose occurrence is still unverified and questionable. That the botanical riches of any given territory are practically inexhaustible is especially borne out in even the most casual re- view of the continual discoveries in Cape May. The efforts of (14) PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 15 the Philadelphia Botanical Club are yearly productive of start- ling results, and the same is to be said of the excellent work carried on by Mr. O. H. Brown, who lives near Cape May, and is thus able to systematically and thoroughly explore the region. Some of the more interesting discoveries of a single casual trip made during the past season (introducing Mr. Harold Pretz and other Allentown friends to our Cape May flora) seem worthy of incorporating with some of Mr. Brown’s similar and recent finds from other localities, and here putting upon record. I want to speak of several plants either entirely new to the region or rediscovered after being lost for many years, or at least not collected. The Swamp Poplar or Downy Poplar, Populus heterophylla L., is a species of Austro-riparian affinities, extending north from the Gulf States in two lines of distribution; the one up along the Mississippi, the other along the Atlantic coast—in the present case into northeastern New Jersey, Long Island and Connecticut. As far as southern New Jersey is concerned it has long been a desideratum, especially to the botanist familiar with parts of Delaware almost within sight of New Jersey across the lower Delaware River. Around Townsend and Vandyke the tree is locally frequent in woodland swamps, and on the immediate river shore it has been collected at Collins Beach. As is not unexpected, the region almost directly opposite, and similar in many ways to that part of Delaware, contains the only locality previously known in southern New Jersey for this interesting southern tree. This is at Fortesque Beach, in Cumberland county, the record cited by Dr. Britton’ being due to Mr. Albert Commons. A specimen bearing the label ‘‘ Low woods on Del- aware Bay, July 27, 1880,’’ has been seen by Mr. Stone in the herbarium at New Brunswick, and doubtless substantiates this record. In view of the occurrence of the species in that north- ern arm of the coastal plain extending up the Hackensack Valley (as well as on Long Island,’ and doubtless also most of the locali- ’ Catalogue of Plants found in New Jersey. Geol. Surv. N. J., Vol. ii, 227 (1889). *Sargent. Silva N. A., ix, 164. 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ties in Connecticut’ being in the coastal plain region) it was some- what surprising that in more than thirty years the extensive field work carried on in southern New Jersey had failed to bring to light any intermediate-lying stations. The area designated by Mr. Stone in his report upon The Plants of Southern New Jersey,’ as the Middle District and the Coast Strip* is the portion of the coastal plain of New Jersey in which this tree would be expected to occur, 7. ¢., outside of the pine barrens and the maritime region proper. My unbounded joy can be imagined when on August 18, 1911, in botanizing along the Coast Strip bordering the brackish marshes, below Cape May Court House, I suddenly found my- self among a small grove of these trees. Like all the tree vegeta- tion immediately back of the open wind-swept marshes, they are much dwarfed, and really form tall thickets rather than arbores- cent growth. The habitat, though very different from the wood- land swamps of Delaware, is distinctly swampy and mucky. On the margin and under the shade of nearby thickets of Myrica cerifera, Magnolia and Alder, in this deep rich black soil, I was to have my next discovery, Hydrocotyle Canbyi Coulter and Rose. H. umbellata is so frequent in Cape May and so often some- what proliferous that we had almost put from our minds the rediscovery in New Jersey of that interesting local species known only from New Jersey to Maryland, but here below the Court House, after more than forty years it had turned up again. The station appears to be quite local but plants were abundant, the _ creeping stems matted the one over the other. The spe- es must continue to flower quite late through the season, as ae plants were just coming into bloom and fully developed fruit was not yet abundant. Dr. Britton gives two localities‘ for this species. Parker’s ‘Flowering Plants and Ferns of Connecticut. Ct. Geol. and Nat. Hist. Surv. Bull., xiv, 142 (1910). 7 Ann. Rep. N. J. State Museum for 1910. *]. c., 80-92. See also the colored map showing these areas. “Cat. Pl. N. J., 113 (1889). PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 17 first recording of the plant from Cape May is perfectly authentic ; Mr. Stone has examined the specimen still preserved in Parker’s herbarium at Princeton, Itis dated August 26, 1869. But the other published record, of Commons, from ‘‘low ground near Delaware Bay,’’ in Cumberland county, seems open to question. Both Mr. Stone and myself have examined the only specimen found in the herbarium at New Brunswick that seems to refer to this record, and it is unquestionably H. umbellata. When Mr. Brown sent us a bundle of plants of the past sea- son’s collecting in Cape May, and it was found that he also had collected this rare little umbellifer, and from another new locality, I could not help being struck by the coincidence of two collections in one year of a plant lost since 1869, but on communicating with him, he tells me of a third collection at Ross’ Mill Pond, Green Creek, N. J., on August 18, 1911, the very day the species also turned up at the Court House. Mr. Brown’s specimen, which I have examined, is from ‘low ground along north side of the Pond Creek meadows at Cold Spring, N. J.,’’ collected September 24, 1911. This is near the Delaware Bay shore northeast of Cape May City. Mr. Brown reports the species as abundant at both localities. At this same locality on Pond Creek he collected another plant very worthy of mention, Cyperus diandrus Torr. Despite its reported occurrence throughout New Jersey, it would appear, as far as the southern part of the State is concerned, to be a dis- tinctly rare plant, confined to the region immediately along the coast, and in West Jersey not far from the Delaware River. It is entirely absent from the pine barrens. Doubtless it has been confused with C. rivularis Kunth, which is the common species about the Philadelphia district. The specimen from Cold Spring is the first authentic Cape May record known to us, and extends the local distribution in New Jersey considerably southward. The station lies in what represents the Middle District area in Cape May, and assists materially in showing the close connec- tion of this life-area with the Coast Strip.’ The third discovery of my Cape May trip on August 13th was ‘ Bartonia, i, 20 (1909). 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE west of Bennett Station, in the peculiar clay-bottomed bogs which have produced such an abundance of interesting species like Gymnadeniopsis nivea,’ Boltonia asteroides,' Coelorachis rugosa, Panicum Wrightianum,’ P. hemitomon,’ Xyris elata, etc. This is also the locality for that interesting southern Beaked-rush, Rynchospora rariflora Ell? This was not seen in good condition at this time, but another curious looking Beaked-rush in fine fruit was collected, which on examination proved to be the quite as interesting species, Rynchospora filifolia Torr., commonly known only as far north as the Carolinas. Sometime previously, in working up the New Jersey sedges, 1 had found in Mr. Stone’s herbarium and also in that of the Academy, specimens of a Rynchospora collected by Mr. Steward- son Brown, at Woodbine, Cape May County, N. J., on August 30, 1900. The identification of this as R. filifolia was later kindly verified by Dr. N. L. Britton. It was very satisfactory indeed to have discovered this species again and in a new locality, but the satisfaction was certainly heightened when it was found that Mr. O. H. Brown had sent us material of the same species, collected at a third new locality in Cape May—Fishing Creek. He tells me that the plant is quite abundant and that he first collected it on August 20, 1909, but confusing it with R. gracilenta Gray, did not give it critical ex- amination, until a subsequent collection on August 10, 1911, showed him that he had a very different thing in hand. The Fishing Creek locality is a bog or pond, similar in character to those west of Bennett. When rainfall is abundant during the ‘year, these areas are shallow ponds, but when the rain is scant they dry out in part or completely. It is on the muddy desic- cated clay bottoms of these areas that both Mr. Brown’s locality ‘and my own occur. All depressed, commonly flooded areas in Cape May seem on drying up to support species which do not ordinarily occur around their margins. It is on the dried-up central part of one ' Torreya, viii, 16 (1908). * Stone, Bartonia ii, 26 (1910). *Stone, Torreya, viii, 16, 17 (1908). PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 19 of the Bennett bogs that the rare Scleria reticularis Mx. in its typical form has been collected. In one of the desiccated ponds near Cape May City, Mr. Brown has collected Psilocarya nitens (Vahl. ),' the only New Jersey station known, and in the past season has made the excellent rediscovery of Paspalum dissectum L. in Cape May, not collected there to the best of our knowledge since the time of Nuttall. The collection data is ‘““ West Cape May, on muddy bottom of dried-up pond, August 25,1911.’ He tells me the plant was apparently rare, and that it was fortunate he collected it when he did, because a season of rain occurred the following week, and ever since the place has been under a foot or more of water. Very probably it is an actual fact that many of these rare plants do not get a chance for growth until the drying up of the ponds ; at least it is very definite that a large part of these areas have not been collected from because they are ordinarily flooded. ‘ Bartonia, ii, 18, 19 (1910). General Notes Additions to the Herbarium. During the year, 3955 sheets of plants have been added to the Club herbarium. These were received from twenty-two contributors, the largest being Bayard Long, Francis W. Pennell, Dr. Thomas 8S. Githens and O. H. Brown.—S. 8. Van PEtt. Aralia spinosa Linn. in Upper Darby. A locality for _ Aralia spinosa Linn. growing in a dense mass, occurs on a hillside bordering Darby Creek just below Hayville, Upper Darby, Pa. During the fall of this year (1911) I found hundreds of well- grown plants of all sizes, which when in flower presented a gor- geous appearance.—Joun W. Ecxrezpr, M. D. Geranium sibericum Linn. in Delaware county. The occurrence of Geranium sibericum Linn. within the limits of our territory may also be noted. I first discovered this plant in the fall of 1910 on a bank by the side of the Township Line Road in Upper Darby, Pa., occupying considerable space along a stone wall, with a woodland tract on the opposite side of the road. There seems no good reason why this plant of a north- ern region should have been found only in this one locality, so distant from the places given for its habitat and far from any dwelling. As there seems no reason why it should have been introduced by seeding or intent, it is to me an interesting observation.—JoHn W. Ecxrenpt, M. D. Some Finds at Conowingo, Md. A place making a nice ramble, is a rich river bottom near Conowingo, Md. First you will probably notice the fine trees of Quercus Phellos, nearly the northern limit of that tree in this section. In the spring drains and close by grows Arisaema pusillum and Muricauda, and well hidden from all but the most prying, occasional finds of Ophio- glossum vulgatum. In anold canal is Ranunculus pusillus. Going (20) / PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 21 up on higher ground is Meibomia pauciflora, close by Scutillaria nervosa, and later in the season abundance of Blephariglottis lacera and more rarely B. peramoena. Going down the river a short distance is a rank growth of Commelina hirtella, on the bank just above is Vicia caroliniana and Ruellia strepens micrantha, also Celtis crassifolia. Ruellia ciliosa is also among the interesting forms growing at Conowingo.—JorL J. CarTEr. Aster amethystinus Nutt. in Bucks Co., Pa. The Tare and uncommon Aster amethystinus Nutt. was discovered by me on Cochran’s Hill, back from Narrowsville, Bucks Co., Pa., inan open woods. This occurred in a single specimen and was found September 30, 1909. This year (1911), after an almost vain search for a whole morning, I came across a clump along the open border of a woods facing the south, back of the high rocks of Nockomixon. Witnessing these plants in full bloom, with their soft blue heads and graceful forms, they were an object of great admiration, to say little of the gratification of finding such a beautiful and uncommon aster. It might be well to state that this species pertains of the char- acter of A. multiflorus Ait. and A. novae-angliae L., and is sug- gestive of a hybrid, yet this plant did not occur where the former ones were usually seen.—Joun W. Ecxretpr, M. D Interesting plants in Lower Lancaster Co., Pa. In southern Lancaster Co., Pa., there are several isolated places having a flora entirely different from that of the land imme- diately adjoining. These places are limited in area, seldom containing more than one to three acres. Most of them show they are a glacial drift, while in others the evidence is not 80 manifest. One of the more interesting to me borders closely on one of its sides to the serpentine. The ground is not swampy, but moist in most places. That part containing the interesting plants is not more than an acre in extent. It is covered rather thickly with coarse grasses, such as Sorghastrum, Andropogon, etc., with two or three patches of Prunus americana and Corylus saenceines Amongst the less interesting plants are Deschampsia caespitosa, Sanguisorba canadensis, Perularia flava, Salix tristis, al] found in other places nearby. The more interesting are Ibidiwm 22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE linearis, very scarce, only a few plants; Stenanthium robustum, fine plants with panicles 18 inches long, like a great white ostrich plume; Solidago rigida, Rudbeckia fulgida, Lacinaria spicata, Phlox pilosa, Prunus cuneata, and a peculiar Kneiffia with cuneate capsules, all these growing in a radius of thirty yards. In a Sphagnum swamp, not far from the place noted above, grows Gaylussacia dumosa, probably the only station in Lancas- ter Co., Pa. It was close to this that my grandfather, Joel J acksdii, found, over sixty-five years ago, a bush of Baccharis halimifolia growing, the bush gone now for many years.—JOEL J. CARTER. Chlorophyllous State of Syndesmon thalictroides (Linn.) Hoffmg. It may be interesting to note the occur- rence within the observation of the author of a chlorophyllous state of Syndesmon thalictroides (Linn. ) Hoffmg. This plant was first found by me in an open thicket border- ing the serpentine barrens of Chester County, Pa., April 17, 1909. It was growing among normal types of plants of the same kind, and only three specimens could be located. When first observed these plants looked very curious. They were standing out by themselves partially away from the denser portion of the wood, in dryer soil, and receiving more of the direct sunlight were easily recognized. The general appearance of the plants seemed strange among the others, the peculiarity by which they were noticed being the general uniform green condition of the entire floral appendages. As no other distinc- tion could be observed, on examination I found that the sepals, stamens and pistils were all of a uniform deep green color. Having never found such a condition in this plant before, I removed it to my garden in order to watch its future develop- ment, where the following year the same condition was again produced: T also secured a specimen for the use of the Her- barium which can be seen at any time. After an afternoon’s search i in 1911, I a failed to find this type in that locality It is is evident that the occurrence of this plant in that particular condition was caused by some peculiar environment, probably PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 23 due to the nature of the soil or some tendency in the plant to revert the nature of the sepals into true bractoidal leaves. — Joun W. Ecxrexpt, M. D. Chaetochloa magna (Griseb) Scribn. in Cape May Co., N. J. On Sept. 17, 1911, while going along the road from Schell- inger’s Landing to Cold Spring, N. J., I noticed some tall grass growing near the edge of the salt marsh, among the Baccharis halimifolia and much taller than that shrub. On investigating it I found to my surprise that it was a clump about ten feet across of Chaetochloa magna (Griseb) Scribn.; a grass I had been frequently asked by members of the Club to look out for, as a single specimen had been collected near the Lighthouse by Mr. Witmer Stone a good while ago. On showing the specimens I collected to some friends, it was readily recognized by one of them who told me that plenty of the same thing grew on the Pond Creek meadow when he lived at Higbee’s Beach in 1886- 1887; so on Sept. 24, I visited that locality and sure enough I found plenty of it growing over quite a large space of brackish marsh, back of the beach. Possibly other localties will turn up as the ones noted above are quite widely separated, one being along the seaside meadows, three or four miles from the Pond Creek station. As it is such a large plant—one culm I cut was nearly nine feet tall—it is strange it has not been noted by some one before, as in company with some of the Club members I collected plants within a few hundred feet of the seaside locality during Sept. 1908 and it might have been growing there at that time.—O. H. Brown. Abstract of the Proceedings of the Philadelphia Botanical Club for 1911. January 26, 1911. Nine members present. Mr. Witmer Stone spoke of the distribution of Southern New Jersey plants, dividing the region into four sections: the Coastal Strip; the Pine Barrens; the Middle District, surrounding the barrens to the west and north, and supporting a flora very similar to that of Eastern Pennsylvania and the Cape May Peninsula. Alon the borders of these four sections there are finger-like interlock- ings of the different floras. Seventy percent of the species found in the Middle District are of northern affinities, while a large part of the Pine Barren plants are of southern affinities, common to Virginia and the Carolinas. In all the regions ex- cept the Pine Barrens, the northern plants are in the ascendency especially is this true of the section west of the Barrens. In the Pine Barren region are also found sphagnum bogs and physical . conditions similar to the glaciated regions of the north with many of the same species of plants. It is interesting to specu- late on the origin of the two floras, one of northern affinities and the other of southern. To get at the truth it is important to know whether New Jersey was submerged before or after the descent of the glaciers. In Cape May Peninsula the Pine Barren region is cut off entirely and here is to be noted the pre- dominance of plants of northern affinities. The total number of species collected in the whole region was 1371, the middle District having by far the larger number. Specimens illustrat- ing typical plants of the different sections, with special attention te their northern and southern affinities were shown on the wall. February 28, 1911. Nine members present. Mr. Charles S. Williamson spoke of a trip to Mt. Washington, N. H., and vicinity during the previous July, illustrating his talk with specimens of the plants collected. ( 24) PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 25 March 23, 1911. Ten members present. Mr. Bayard Long discussed the Ovales group of Carex, illustrating by specimens and drawings. As a help to the naming of the different spe- cies, time and habit of blooming should be considered, which with some is all the season, but with others of short duration. The habitat is also a help. Mr. E. B. Bartram exhibited some specimens of plants collected by him on the coast of Massachu- setts, in the vicinity of Boston, during July and October, 1908, and again in the spring of 1909. Among the more interesting species collected were Teucrium boreale Bicknell and Sagina nodosa (L.) Fenzl., probably its southern limit. Mr. Crawford exhibited a few of the plants collected by him in the Panama Canal zone, and spoke briefly of the flora and climatic conditions. April 27,1911. Eighteen members present. Francis Windle, West Chester, Pa., was elected a member. Mr. Witmer Stone spoke of the progress of his work on the distribution of the Plants of Southern New Jersey, exhibiting water-color drawings of many of the species by Hugh E. Stone, of Coatesville, Pa. Some very superior half-tone illustrations of the fruiting heads of grasses and sedges were also shown. Practically all the records are based on actual specimens exam- ined, the bulk of which are contained in the Club herbarium. An interesting feature of the work will be short biographical sketches of the botanists for whom plants are named, which are added after the descriptions of the plants. The time of flower- ing and fruiting of the species is based on actual observation. Mr. Brown spoke briefly and informally of his trip to South America from December 26, 1910, to April 18, 1911; though not primarily in the interest of botany about 1000 plants were brought back. May 25, 1911. Twelve members present. Mr. Henry A. Lang told of a trip taken to Jamaica in August, 1910, describing his sensations from the time of his arrival at Port Antonio, being almost overwhelmed by the luxuriance of the vegetation : orchids, ferns, palms, cacti, etc. Leguminose were very abundant, both in species and individuals. Mr. Long exhibited a jar of water from Wilmington, N. C., in 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE which was growing Spirodela polyrhiza (L.) Schleid., Lemna minima Philippi, and Wolffella floridana (J. D. Sm.) Thompson. September 28, 1911. Fifteen members present. Mr. Van Pelt commented upon some of the new species added to the Club herbarium during the summer, including Panicum aciculare Desv., P. angustifoliwm Ell., P. aculeatum Hitch. and Chase, Chaetochloa magna (Griseb.) Scribn., Pogonia divaricata (L.) R. Br. (in fruit), Aster parviceps pusillvee (Gray) Fernald, and Gera- nium sibericum L. Mr. Stone spoke of a trip to Atsion, N. J., July 19, in com- pany with Messrs. Long and Brown, when Xyris arenicola Small was collected, growing in dry sand, in spiral tufts. This is the first authentic record of the plant in New Jersey since its col- lection by D. C. Eaton in 1860. Mr. Williamson recorded Chrysopsis falcata (Pursh.) Ell., and Breweria Pickeringit (M. A. Curtis) Gray, from Atsion. October 19, 1911. Eighteen members present. Joseph R. Mumbauer, Pennsburg, Pa.; William A. Kline, Ursinus College, Collegeville, Pa.; F. F. Huber, Pennsburg, Pa., and Dr. John W. Harshberger, 4889 Walton Ave., Philadelphia, were elected members, and Prof. Stewart H. Burnham, Albany, N. Y., a correspondent. Mr. Bartram gave an interesting account of a trip taken to Newfoundland during the past summer in company with Prof. M. L. Fernald, Prof. K. M. Wiegand and Mr. Darlington, de- scribing the character of the country traversed and different char- acters of the flora, according to geological and other conditions. Mr. Bassett sent a fine collection of cut dahlias to the meeting for distribution among the members. November 23, 1911. Twelve members present. Mr. Charles S. Williamson described a trip to Labrador during the past summer, illustrated with specimens collected. Twenty-five species not recorded in the lists of plants for the region were collected. December 28, 1911. Annual meeting, seventeen members present. The following were elected as officers for the ensuing PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 27 year: President, Stewardson Brown ; Vice-President, E. B. Bar- tram ; Second Vice-President, Joel J. Carter; Secretary, Lee Sowden ; Treasurer, Arthur N. Leeds ; Curator, 8. S. Van Pelt ; Associate Curator, Bayard Long. Prof. Mortford D. Melchior, Pennsburg, Pa., and Rev. W. W. Kistler, Pennsburg, Pa., were elected to membership. Mr. B. H. Smith spoke of a trip made last summer to Yellow- stone National Park. Giving first a brief history of its discovery, he told how slow was the public to believe in its wonders, how the government gained control and ultimately properly protected it against the spoliation of its natural features, Three-fourths of the trees consist of Pinus Murrayana Balfour. The herba- ceous plants observed were mostly those common to the Rocky Mountain region, a number of specimens of which were shown on the wall. Mr. Windle drew attention to the winter-flowering habit of Draba verna L. On December 8th he found it in bloom at Meehan’s nurseries, Germantown, and has noted it elsewhere in similar situations flowering throughout the winter. OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE Philadelphia Botanical Club. 1912. STEWARDSON BROWN, President. EDWIN B. BARTRAM, Vice-Presidenv. JOEL J. CARTER, 2nd Vice-President. LEE SOWDEN, Secretary. ARTHUR N. LEEDS, Treasurer. 8. 8 VAN PELT, Curator. BAYARD LONG, Associate Curator. ACTIVE MEMBERS. JaMES F. BAKER, 938 Broadway, Camden, N. J.............--.. *1896 Bowiur 3. Bantwam,: Penman, POs cece eee eee i eee es 1906 GrorGE W. BASSETT, Taisnonton, 2 EOS Resp eee eee ee ary ane gra 1904 GEoRGE M. Berincer, 5th and Federal Sts., Camden, N. J..... Founder. Dr. Amos P. Brown, 20 E. Penn St., Germantown, Pa........-.. 1892 Srewarpson Brown, Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila. Pa. Founder. © JOSEPH CRAWwForD, 16 E. Steward Ave., Lansdowne, Pa...... Founder. FRANK Day, Mt. Airy Philadelphia, Pa.............. Founder. Ricuarp H. Day, 419 N. 2nd St., Philadelphia, Pa........... Founder. Dr. JoHN W. EcKFELDT, 65th and Vine Sts., Philadelphia, Pa.. 892 WILLIAM FINDLAy, 212 N. 8th St., Philadelphia, Pa.............. - 1908 Dm UD. ee, COUN, PO res is fh ee 1892 BartRaM W. GRirFiTHs, 4024 Green St., Philadelphia, Pa........ 1902 whe A. ROVE, “INGW NR, Ns as Gt oe ck nee ca eee 1905 ALBERT C, GRUBER, 716 Haw Ave., Norristown, Pa...........-.. 1910 De. JOHN W. HARSHBERGER, 4839 Walton ie: ’ Philadelphia, Pa... 1911 * Date indicates year of election to Club. : (28 ) PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 29 WiLliam E, Haypocx, 4110 Larra: Ave., Philadelphia, Pa...... 1903 BENJAMIN HERITAGE, Micklet OD a ee Founder. PRor. ZEPHANIAH HOPPER 085 N. 12th St., Philadelphia, Pa..... 1902 WE. Wuske, Ponnaborg Pas. 6A ee a a 1911 Dr. A. ARTHUR JONES, 1810. Jefferson St., Philadelphia, Pa....... 1897 Dr. Ipa A. Ketier, Girls High School, Philadelphia, Pais 803 1892’ Ray.. WW: ciarigk Ponmebrgy Pics 660 rs ic nk wenn ca 1911 Pror. W. A. Kunz, Ursinus College, Collegeville, Pa............. 1911 Louis C. Kiopp, 1301 Snyper Ave., Philadelphia, Pa............ 1910 Dr, Henry Kraemer, 145 N. 10th St., Philadelphia, Pa.......... 1898 Dr. Henry A. Larssie, 59th and ‘shank Sts., Philadelphia, Pa... 1894 Dr. H. PEARCE pu Landaa PR oe ai «hice gear ae 1906 Mrs. H. Pearce Lakin, Lansda. ie DR oo akin, CUS ia aban es thos 1906 Henry A. Lana, 4917 ‘< Camae St., Philadelphia, Pa............. 1901 CHaRLES H. La WALL, 507 S, 42nd St., pines is atemere ss 1896 ARTHUR N. LExps, 5321 Baynton St., Germantown, Pa....... 7 Morris E. Leeps, 5321 Baynton St., Garmbis town, i swiss Foun Dr. T. cae genes: Licgutroot, 5935 Greene St., Germantown, Pa. 1893 CHarRLes D. Lirprincort, — SU Tips PS Pa artim greet gee oa Founder. Bayarp Lona, BSRDONING, Pen. 5555s i peed eek iwe eewee ney 1906 MAYNE READ Lowcencee, 141 N. 19th St., Philadelphia, Pa...... 1892 Davip N. MoCappen, Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila., Pa.... 1906 ALEXANDER MACELWEE, Fairmont, W. Va. .........0--++0+e0e0: 1892 Dr. S. Martin, Norri: Beg ee rere e Oe ee rere 1899 Pror. pooner era D., Metcuior, Pennsburg, Pa. ........--+++++-+- 1911 Dr. A. W. , 400 N. 3rd 2 fate i Pa.. . Founder. JOSEPH R, seh. Pennaburg, : PA iis rs cies eek ss eves oe 1911 Pror. Marrurew C. O’BrIEN, Boy ng pai School, Philadelphia, Pa. 1904 WILLIAM NELSON, 2114 Morris St., Philadelphia, Pa............. 1909 Joun E. Overnourzer, Norristown, Pa.......---.+++--++e+eeees 1892 Francis W. PENNELL, Wawa, SOIL TST OS ates lentes 1910 JoHN T. PENNYPACKER, 837 Market St., Wilmington, bo rar 1892 Haroip W. Prerz, 368 Union St., Allentown, Pa.........-------- 1909 Dr. W. H. Rexp, — ps Picea SWNT OG i or view ese cas 1892 Miss Lintian Rose 1839 Van Pelt St., mpm Paws ccs: 1900 Smuas L. Scuumo, 880 106.3 22nd. St., Philadelphia, Pa............ 1897 Epwin I. Srupson, mages of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. 1907 BENJAMIN H. SmiruH, 4704 Chester Ave., Philadelphia, Pa....... 1906 Lee SowpEn, 3122 Midvale Ave., Philadel phin, Pa. oo. vi cc cverers 1901 Witmer Stonz, Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila., Pa..... Founder. 8. 8S. Van Pett, 2110 Walnut St.; Philadelphia, Pa..........---+. 1902 Rosert F, Wetsu, 5335 Baynton St., Germantown, Pa......--..- T. J. Wrxtnson, 4082 Lancaster Ave., Philadelphia, Pa........- 1907 Cuartes S, WILLIAM Saeed 2127 Mt. Vernon St., Philadelphia, Pa. ‘ wats FRANCIS WINDLE, West Chester, Pa. ...........-00eeeeeee eens 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. CHARLES C. BacHMAN, Slatington, Pa............. cece cee ees 1908 Dr. GEoRGE N. BEst, Rosemicnt, ie Sey eet eer 1906 EuGENE P. BICKNELL, New York City..................4. Vee Sate 1896 Oo Be TENG ROU lg OES Fos 20 6 soe ce oe oe SEES 907 Dr. NATHANIEL Lorp Britton, New York Botanical Garden..... 1892 ELIZABETH G. BrRiTtoN, New York Botanical Garden............ 1895 Giokl “ROW M, -UMDe MN IN. Des ets Seite ss eons oe ws ee 1908 Srewak? TH. SURNAM, Albany, N.Y 228 ois ee ee i se ee cs 1911 JOEL J. Carter, Peter’s Ser i i Ming ny en eG rere aise 1904 ia ast S Gees eae oar bi ais 1893 GEORGE V. Nasu, New York pecans GQGIGO Soar Sweets 1905 W. A. PoYSER, a te Ind. - ee ‘ 1906 0. f. Borneocr, Weat Chester, Pass 26.8. oss iia os Shas 1892 C. F SAUNDERS, Ssh O8 eee 1893 Dr. JoHN K. SMALL, New York Botanical Garden..............- 1893 Mrs. E. S. Srarr, Ocean Maa ee ora 1897 HUGH...E; SPonk; Coatesville, (Paes sac i io eae es 1893 Dr. CAMPBELL E. WATERS, Washington, De Gercesi ete pee se Sia 1904 DECEASED MEMBERS. Died. Pror. Epson 8. Bastin, Honorary... ois even c soa vn. cuss April, 1897 Dr. J. BERNARD BRINTON, Founder...............- December 6, 1894 Wssa0 BURKE, Honorary ii. oso. ses oc ek me see ss March 30, 1892 Wiiiiam M. Cansy, Honorary. .........5-s 66200005: March 10, 1904 Dr. WittiAM Herpst, Honorary ..........-..... December 22, 1906 ALBRECHT JAHN, Founder ...... 2... 66 -sccesscies 905 Puro. JON M. Marscu, Honorary. . 2.2025 2.2.5. . September 10, 1893 Marrmpare, Founder... i... 26. eee cece , 1893 THOMAS OURGEE Oe as es ee November 18, 1901 ce Teaa0 S. Mover, Honorary ......6.60c6s. se. September 7, 1898 Dr. THomas C. Porter, Honorary ..........---.----- 27, 1901 Pror. Ferris W. Price, Corresponding........... September 22, 1909 JoHN H. REeprietp, Honorary ..............++.-- b: 27, 1895 PING ora ks es ces November 23, 1903 LOUIS SOHMEINER, AGHVG . 5c es. ce ek oe ns Au 1901 De. SAMURG Po SREMG, AGC orek cs oe es err eww eke et 1911 UeeLmeA C. Swerrit, Woundet ioc. oc. oo. ceeds April 2, 1902 INDEX TO SPECIES Abama americana, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 13 ossifraga, 5 Aralia spinosa, Arethusa bulbosa, li risaema pusillum, 20 Aster ai stinus, 21 orus, novae-angliae , 21 parviceps tials: 26 Baccharis halimifolia Blephariglottis bephariglottis, 11, 2 ciliaris, 12 lacera, 21 peramoena, 21 Boltonia asteroides, Breweria Pickeringii, 13, 26 Ca arex livida, 3 eraaa) fol ia 1] hactoc hloa n magna, 23, 26 pain eks falcata, 26 rugosa, 18 Secular rm hirtella, 21 orylus americana, 21 yperus Secon 17 8,17 a, i) BP A SE Zr ~~ Danthonia epilis, 4 eschampsia caespitosa, 21 y at Draba verna Eleocharis tuberculosa, 3 riocaulon compressum, gulare, 4 septangulare, 4 Sep Eupatorium altissimum, 8 Gaylussacia dumosa, 22 Gentinna flavida, 8 Gerani im, 20, Gymnadeniopsis nivea, 18 Hudsonia ericoides, 12 tomentosa, 12, 13 | Hydrocotyle sent 16 mbellata, 16,1 Ibidium linearis, 21 Ilex glabra, 3 Juncus militaris, 4 Kuhnia eupatorioides, 8 goers Spicata, 22 Lemna minima, Li same orum tuberosum, 11, 12 Lophiola aurea, 3, 4, 13 Meibomia pauciflora, 2 Muricauda as ape 20 Myrica cerifera Narthecium americanum, 2 glutinosum, 2 ssifragum, 2 | Ophioglossum vulgatum, 20 Panicum aciculare, 26 acul Ira, : ogonia divaricata, 26 Populus heterophylla, 15 Prunus americana, 21 cuneata, Psilocarya nitens, 19 Quercus imbricaria, 6, 10 macr Phellos, 8, 20 Ranunculus pusillus, 20 (31) 32 Rudbeckia fulgida, 22 Ruellia ciliosa, 21 strepens micrantha, 21 Rynchospora filifolia, 18 gracilenta, 18 rariflora, Sagina nodosa, 25 Salix Nene 21 Sanguisorba canadensis, 21 Saxitraen mic cranthidifolia, 9, 10 Schizaea pusilla Scirpus subterminalis, 4 cleria m vetioniacls 19 Scutellaria nervosa, INDEX TO SPECIES. Solidago rigida, 8, Spirodela polyrhiza oe Stenanthium robustum » 22 | Syndesmon thalictrolden, 22 Teucrium boreale, 25 Tofieldia racemosa, 2, 3, 4 Vicia caroliniana, 21 Wolffiella floridana, 26 Xyris arenicola, 26 doni, 4 elata, 18 ae as . t devoted to the Mora of Esster Pennylvania, New Jey snd LOPHIOLA AUREA, KER BARTONIA PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB No. 5. PHILADELPHIA, PA. 1912 Lophiola aurea Ker. BY STEWARDSON BROWN Only those who have ventured into the heart of the Pine Barrens during July or perhaps late June have had the oppor- tunity of seeing Lophiola in its full perfection, for it has a beauty peculiarly its own, being quite different from any of our other wild plants. To see it though requires an effort, and probably few but the most enthusiastic would not hesitate when considering the discomforts likely to be encountered on such a trip; the tramp over roads of deep sand under a broiling sum- mer sun, encouraged by vast swarms of blood-thirsty mosquitoes and equally persistent deer-flies. But notwithstanding all these unpleasant features it is decidedly worth while and any one taking a trio into the Pines for the first time will probably be 80 carried away with the pleasure and novelty of it all, that the discomforts will sink into insignificance. Lophiola is seen at its best in the bogs which border the Pine Barren streams, usually growing more or less in scattered colonies though at times form- ing masses of such extent, as to “pba a distinctive feature in the landscape and identifi f iderable distance. e plant spreads by means of slender stems just beneath the surface 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE of the ground, the young plants thus formed resembling closely the surrounding grasses. In early June the flower scapes begin to show themselves arising from a tuft of grass-like basal leaves, but it is not until the end of this month or early July that the flowers open, the period of flowerirg lasting for about a month. The stem arises to an average height of about eighteen inches, occasionally reaching two feet, is simple and terete, smooth or nearly so below, more or less hairy above and of a bluish-green color. The stem leaves are few and clasping, much shorter than the scape, the uppermost reduced to mere narrow scales. The inflorescence forming a corymbose head is densely white woolly with a slight tinge of green, stems and unopened flowers alike. The flowers of which but four or five are in blossom at one time, are about three-eighths of an inch across; the six perianth segments are deep yellow, almost an orange, smooth at the tips and densely tufted with brilliant yellow hairs and shine out like little stars through the mass of white. The crest of hairs at the base of the perianth segments is most strik- ing and has given rise to the rather appropriate name of Golden Crest-flower. ‘The perianth being persistent, the white woolly appearance of the upper part of the plant is retained during its later growth though with less brilliancy than when in flower. It would seem likely that Frederick Pursh was the first to discover this striking plant in our region describing it in his Flora under the name of Conostylis americana,’ in the description of which he says ‘‘ this singular and beautiful perennial I dis- covered about the year 1805.’’ Unfortunately however his name was antidated by that of Lophiola aurea Ker. in the Botanical Magazine’ which appeared two months at least before the description of Pursh. Ker says his description and plate were made from a plant ‘‘introduced by Mr. Lyon in 1812.”’ ‘Mr. Lyon’’ was John Lyon, later honored by Thomas Nuttall in his genus Lyonia,* who for a time was in charge of the gardens of William Hamilton Esq., known as the Wood- 1Pursh Flora Am. Sept. Vol. i, p. 224, 1814. 2 Bot. Mag. pl. 1596, November 1, 1813. * Nutt. Gen. Vol. i, p. 266, PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. | 3 lands,’ remaining there until 1802 when he was succeeded by Frederick Pursh. It would seem probable that Lyon engaged at this time in the collecting of plants in a more or Jess commercial way for the Tecords show that in 1805 he visited England with collections of living plants and seeds which were sold at auction in London and that between that date and 1812 when he made a second trip to England, he spent much time exploring the Carolinas, Georgia and Florida. Where he kept his collections thus made is not known but at least they were accessable to Pursh for after referring in the preface to his Flora to the opportunity of study- ing the collections made by Lewis and Clark, Enslen and others he says:* ‘‘at the same time I had frequent opportunities of Seeing the herbarium and collection of living plants of Mr. John Lyon, a gentleman through whose industry and skill more new and rare American plants have lately been introduced into Europe than through any other channel whatever.’?’ Among the rare plants thus introduced in 1812 was the specimen of Lophiola from which a year later Ker’s description and plate were drawn, the specimens having likely been collected in our New Jersey Pine Barrens, though it may have come from Caro- lina as its occurrence there at that time was noted by Pursh in his distribution of the species. Lophiola is a typical plant of the wet Pine Barrens of the Coastal Plain ranging in its distribution from New Jersey to Florida. In New Jersey, which is the region of its distribution considered in detail in the present paper, it is confined ex- clusively to the Central Pine Barrens and in its greatest abund- ance in the Mullica River drainage including with the Mullica, the Batsto and Wading Rivers, in many of their broad stretches of savanna being a striking feature of the vegetation. On the Mullica it has been collected on headwater streams at Atco and Jackson; at Parkdale on the Sleeper Branch; at Ham- monton and its vicinity on the Hammonton Branch and tribu- taries, and at Atsion and Pleasant Mills on the main stream. * Now Woodland Cemetery Philadelphia, *Flora Am. Sept. Vol. i, p. xiii. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE On the Batsto it is found in greater or less abundance in all suitable situations from the crossing of the Central Railroad of New Jersey, a short distance south of Hampton Furnace to the extensive stretch of bog near the head of the dam at Batsto, at which locality it is very plentiful. Perhaps it is on the Wading River, however, that the plant is most commonly to be met with, as it is a striking part of the vegetation in all the bogs on this stream and its tributaries where such have been observed. It is frequent on Long Cripple Branch east of Woodmansie, and on the West Branch and its tributaries at Chatsworth, Jones’ Mills, High Bridge and Speedwell. In the Great Egg Harbor drainage Lophiola is found on the headwaters at Berlin, at Eighth Street, Harmony Bridge, and at Elwood, which is the most southwesterly locality in New Jersey of which we have knowledge. In the bogs drained by streams flowing into Barnegat Bay between the mouth of Toms River and Tuckerton, Lophiola occurs frequently and in abundance. It is recorded at Lake- hurst (Manchester) on the Union Branch of Toms River; at Toms River and near Island Heights on the main stream; at Double Trouble on Cedar Creek; at Stafford’s Forge and West Creek on Westecunk Creek; at Forked River; at Mayetta on Cedar Creek and at Tuckerton. In the Delaware River drainage, Lophiola has been found in bogs at the headwaters of three streams: at Cookstown on Crosswicks Creek where it was collected by William M. Canby in August, 1895; on tributary streams of the Rancocos Creek in the heart of the Pines, at Hanover, Whitings and Pasadena, and at Clementon, at the headwaters of a branch of Timber Creek. Our only positive record of the occurrence of Lophiola in Delaware is in a collection made by Albert Commons, August 5, 1874, in Pine Barren Bogs between Gumboro and Laurel, that the plant occurs elsewhere in this region seems likely though we have neither specimens nor records to confirm it. The genus Lophiola which was described by Ker is an ex- tremely interesting one, containing as it does but the single species here considered, and so different is it from anything else PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB, 5 known that there is a disagreement among the authorities as to the family in which it should be placed. By some it is con- sidered as belonging with the Haemodoracex, while by others who should be equally capable of passing judgment it is grouped with the Amaryllidacex, but in whichever family it may eventu- ally be placed should the doctors come to an agreement, it will be a unique addition. The Trail of the Winding Water BY GEORGE WILLIAM BASSETT For a number of years several members of the Club have pro- jected a trip down one of the rivers to the eastward of Hammon- ton. The Egg Harbor River has been quite popular with canoeists for some time, and has been pretty well explored by members of the Club; but the Mullica system seems to be virgin territory to botanists except at a few points like Atsion, Quaker Bridge and Batsto. Some plans are slow to ripen, but ours, like most of ’em, mellowed at last, and one bright June afternoon found Witmer Stone, Stewardson Brown, B. Long and I, with Morton Crowell and Leon Andrews as expert canoemen, with our faces set to the east. Hampton Furnace (the ‘‘ Unknown Furnace”’ of the Revolution) was to be our starting-point on the river, and al- though Long lingered by the way gathering specimens of huckleberries, thereby shortening the crop of fruit in that sec- tion considerably, we covered the nine miles in a couple of hours, arriving at Hampton about five o’ clock. After a short discussion on the weather, we decided to camp while the camping was good, instead of proceeding down stream to our usual camp ground as had been our intention. Later events proved the wisdom of this, for scarce had our tents been pitched ere the rain came down in torrents. We drove the last pegs with a hustle and hurriedly trenched around the tents. Then there was a grab and a scramble for coats and for shelter, but before we reached the cranberry house our backs were sprinkled quite enough for ironing day. While the rest of us were pitching the tents, Mort had been busy at the fire and had our supper ready for us to enjoy in comfort and leisure inside—where we usually enjoy our meals. We have mislaid the menu and cannot tell you all the good (6 PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. rd things that were set before us, but there was something that re- members like beefsteak broiled on a stick, hot coffee and bread. There were other things, but what profit is there in thought of other things when you have these three? Supper over, there was further illustrated discussion of weather topics, a climb to the fourth story to view a burning barn fired by the lightning, and then about ten o’clock we sought our tents. The rain had ceased and we turned in for a good night’s rest, but we didn’t get it—not all of us. There were two tents, Brown, Long and Andrews occupying one. I don’t know how they slept, but we heard their voices far into the night. Crowell is a veteran camper and was soon snoring comfortably on my left, but Stone on my right squirmed and twisted all night long and so did I, In our haste we had landed on top of a slag heap from the old furnace that time had leveled. Our bed was downy, but it was ‘‘ batsdown,’’ the red variety. But morning came and we were happy again. The botanists wanted to go up to where Skit’s Branch and Tuckerton Road cross, and Mr. Craig, superintendent of the bog, kindly drove us up. It rained slightly while we were there, but we were well repaid by the splendid show of the Adama, At this station it is the best we ever saw. There isastand likea field of wheut, and the grain at the harvest is not more golden than is the Abama on Skit. When we got back to Hampton, Mort and Leon had the tents down and the canoes partly loaded and we were soon away with the current. Now we found that the rain was a benefit, A raise of several inches in the stream helped us over many an obstruction. The stream runs for a few rods through a meadow, then dives under a copse of maples, and at once we make our first dis- covery. For a rod back from the stream, trailing over and matting the brush, tumbling and rolling in waves over the bank to the water’s edge for an unbroken quarter of a mile, grew more Lygodium palmatum than I bad imagined ever grew in the whole world. It is hard to estimate the length of a canoe’s trail, but we agreed that there were at least five miles, as the river turns, 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE of Lygodium. There are a number of stations for the climbing fern in and around Camden County that have been nearly annihilated by the colored flower venders, and were this not so far, I should hesitate to reveal the secret of its hiding-place. But few who follow the trail of the winding water are vandals, so I have no misgivings. I fear not the man who takes home a few sods for his fernery, he is trying to perpetuate what the man who grabs all the fronds he can carry away is heedlessly destroying, with but a fleeting pleasure to himself. But we must be off; for the trip is long and other things are _ awaiting us down the stream. A couple of miles below is the railroad bridge and beyond that Abama grows and beyond that is more, and beyond that is more—twenty-five miles of it is our estimate. This too isa rare plant in other places but it cannot, like the Lygodium, boast of special laws having been passed for its preservation. On the contrary, laws of nature seem to have decreed its annihilation, as it is supposed to have been at one time much more common. Another two miles and we rounded up at our wharf at ‘*Crescent Bluffs,’’ for dinner. Here we idled an hour snoozing under the pine trees. Pine needles are much more conducive to slumber than are brickbats. We did not all idle however— Stone spent his hour in a bootless quest for the tail of the root of a Euphorbia. I disremember how much of it he got, but he left a powerful deep hole as a monument to his industry. When he had done rooting we started again on our downward way, tarrying a while at Quaker Bridge vainly searching for Pogonia divaricata, reported from there many years ago. e were still keeping a lookout for Lygodium, but halfway from the railway bridge we saw the last of it. But every turn of the river however, revealed more Abama and Lophiola growing in the broad marshes, and Stone would frequently wade through them searching for their sister plant, Tofieldia, bringing back only wet feet and disappointment. One of the things that struck me forcibly, was the remarkably fine lot of Nymph—I almost said it—Castalea odorata. I hate to give up the much more appropriate name of Nymphaea, for this species, that describes the flower so well. The blooms ‘o) im = < ea) ea ee oe z © Ww > — = PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 9 were large with the usually chaste white petals and golden stamens, but in nearly every specimen the sepals were of a rosy pink hue, a delightful combination. We went down this river five times last summer and these pink-sepaled lilies were always a puzzle to us until one day our neighbor who owns the cranberry bog brought over some Cape Cod lilies from Hampton where we learned he had been growing them for years. The Cape Cod lilies are beautiful; the pink tint suffusing the whole bloom is lovely, but the monotony of its one-tone cannot be compared to the brilliant pink-white-and-gold of this natural hybrid. This is an all-season river; there is always something at its best or just coming on. It may lack the fine show of the Iris versicolor of the Egg Harbor River; the small patches of yellow water-lilies of this river may not compare with the golden stretches at the head of Weymouth pond and the Royal Fern may not grow luxuriantly here, but there are more than enough other things to make up for these deficiencies, any time you may go down it. While Batsto River has practically no Sweet Gums, the Atsion River is literally lined with them. One hardly leaves the rail- road bridge at Atsion ere he is plunged deep in a swamp of Cedars and Gums which grow up from the water’s edge, some- times completely arching over the stream. The Atsion fur- nishes a nice trip—but it’s a man’s work to negotiate it— and the Sour Gums of the Batsto are far prettier to me than the Sweet Gums of the Atsion. We had no exciting incidents to relate. Long lost his hat overboard, and had to borrow a cap several sizes too large for him to wear home the next day, and we got a beautiful snap- shot, almost, of Brown and Andrews, each with a foot in the water trying to get the canoe off a snag. But Brown was quicker than the shutter, and the only thing we got on him was a happy smile of triumph, and Long got back his hat at Christ- mastide, suitably decorated with reminders of our outing. A number of things were not at this time at their best; on an earlier trip we had seen acres—perhaps millions of blooms—of rracenia, a most magnificent sight. Then later in a previous 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE season we happened along when Sclerolepis was at its best. Did you ever really see a large quantity of this in bloom? The architect of this landscape is an impressionist and painted it in with a big brush and used long strokes—such a little flower, but oh, so showy in masses. One of the last things of note is the Scirpus cyperinus at the head of Batsto Pond. The shores are far apart and the channel is narrow, winding about from one side to the other, and at times one sitting in a boat is completely hidden from the shore by the Scirpus that grows everywhere but in the channel. I have seen it growing here in solid ranks four or five feet above the water. We sighted Batsto dam about five o’clock in the afternoon, landing down in front of the old mansion soon after. To load the canoes and drive back to the house took us a couple of hours. Then there was a hurried wash-up and supper served- in-a-hurry to enable Stone to catch the late train back to town. The crowd didn’t look comfortable to me hurrying so. They were all hustling to go with Stone, so, when the clock (it was fast) said fifteen minutes to train time, I told them it was im- possible to catch the train short of fifteen anda half. They stayed and the rest of the lunch was finished as it should be. I think it is as much fun to linger over the supper table talking over the finds of the day as is the outing itself. But you must take the trip first, else you haven’t it to talk about. And any- way, if I had let them keep on hurrying, who knows what pangs of indigestion they might have suffered, and they might have missed the train too, at that. What worse luck could befall than to miss both train and supper. Our evening meal is our mainstay and our joy; a fitting finish to a day of toil, and moderately indulged in is sure to bring comforting sleep. Sad will be the day when both our supper and time to eat it failus. Joel Jackson Carter Joel Jackson Carter was born at New Texas, Lancaster County, Pa., June 16, 1843. His early life was spent with his parents, he eventually farming his father’s place until 1871, when he purchased and moved to a farm in Virginia near Fairfax Court House. In 1877 he gave up farming for a time, engaging in the hardware and implement business at Illinois, Delaware, until 1883, when he purchased a Jarge farm near his old home at New Texas, remaining there until his death. Mr. Carter was married in 1868 to Mary Sue Haines, who survives him; there were no children. With an innate love for nature in general, his especial interest was in the study of botany. This was doubtless stimulated by his acquaintance with Dr. Thomas Conrad Porter, a frequent visitor at his father’s home. His knowledge of the plants of his Own region was particularly intimate, and nothing afforded him greater pleasure than to share this knowledge with his friends when visiting the haunts of some of his favorites year by year. His knowledge and interest was not confined, however, to the plants at home, as he was a frequent companion of Dr. John Kunkle Small in his explorations of southern Florida and the Everglades, A man of rare character, Mr. Carter was a conservative in all things. His speech was guarded and well considered, and his opinion, frequently sought, was invariably followed. There was nothing superficial in his nature; he was honest, sincere and conscientious in all things and with every one. Though mak- ing no pretentions of religion, he was religious in the best and broadest sense, apparently always trying to make the most of life by living a clean, strong manhoo A sufferer for a long time from tuberculosis, he was fully pre- pared to meet the great changes which were to come to him in the peaceful ending of his long and honorable life on May 4, 1912. (11) Benjamin Heritage Benjamin Heritage was born August 18, 1833, on his father’s farm, two miles south of Mickleton, N. J. His parents, Jonathan and Esther Heritage, were sturdy Friends, descended from a line of ancestry of Quaker stock. Benjamin developed into a youth of more than usual intelli- gence, possessing qualities of energy, accuracy and persever- ance, and though mainly self-taught, when reaching manhood was possessed in some departments of almost a collegiate education. In 1855 he became head teacher in the Friends School at Mickleton—it being at this time the district school also—teach- ing during the winter months and working on his father’s farm duriug the growing season, continuing thus for eleven years. Upon the death of his father in 1869 he inherited the home- stead farm, at once taking an advanced position in practical agriculture, devoting much attention to the raising of fruit. Having built himself a home in Mickleton, he gave up farm- ing and retired thence in 1881, continuing, however, his inter- est in fruit and flowers, though chiefly with a view to orna- menting and beautifying his home. During his active farm life he found time for nature study, developing a particular love for botany, to which study he de- voted much time after his retirement from active business, re- sulting in his collecting and preserving specimens of nearly all the species of plants growing in the lower section of the state. His herbarium, containing more than two thousand specimens prepared with much care and skill, was bequeathed to the George School at Newtown, Pa. Among the founders of the Philadelphia. Botanical Club in December, 1891, he participated actively thereafter in its affairs, contributing liberally toward the building-up of its herbarium (12) PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 13 until prevented by failing health. His knowledge of our flora was always at the disposal of those interested, and no amount of trouble seemed too great in order to obtain desired information for another. Active in public affairs, he held a number of posi- tions of trust, often being called on to settle differences and diffi- cult problems, for which his good judgment eminently fitted him. Hospitably inclined, he much enjoyed his friends, of whom he had a large circle. After two years of much suffering, the result of an accident, the end came peacefully in the early morning of August 19. His remains rest in the cemetery adjoining the meeting-house at Mickleton, where he had attended divine worship regularly throughout his long life. General Notes Additions to the Herbarium.—During the year 3584 sheets of plants have been added to the Club Herbarium, the largest contributors being Bayard Long, Harold W. Pretz, George W. Bassett, O. H. Brown, E. B. Bartram and Charles 8. William- son.—S, 8. Van Petr. Noteworthy Plants from Southern New Jersey— Quercus nigra L. In view of the fact that quite a number of southern plants and trees find their northern limit of distribution in southern New Jersey, perhaps it should not be surprising to find another southern tree, Quercus nigra L., the Water Oak, in Cape May Co., N. J. A leaf specimen was collected from a small tree near Bennett’s Station, Aug. 13, 1911, and identified by several members of the club as this oak, but as there was no material except a few leaves, final judgment in the matter was deferred until the tree could be looked up again. On Oct. 20, 1912, I again visited the locality and not only found the original small tree but many others of all sizes, some of them in good fruit. A week or so later Mr. Bayard Long and myself looked them up again and discovered many more of these trees, together with some that were undoubtedly hybrids between this and Quercus phellos L., which grows in this locality. The range of these trees covers several acres of low woodland, about one mile northwest of Bennett’s Station, Cape May Co., N. J.—O. H. Brown. Gymnadeniopsis integra (Nutt. ) Rydb. On August 16, 1912 I had the pleasure to discover two plants of the rare orchid Gymnadenopsis integra in a cleared boggy spot near Swain, Cape May Co., N. J. They were associated with Blephariglottis ciliaris, Polygala cruciata, Polygala viridescens, (14) PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 15 Lobelia Nuttallii and Rhexia. My discovery was purely acci- dental. I was struck with the brilliant display made by the orange blossoms of Blephariglottis ciliaris, and while inspecting an unusually rich growth of this plant I noticed two plants in which the characteristic fringe was not present on the floral lobes. I observed but the two plants, which are now in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Botanical Club, but I did not search very diligently as I was not aware, at the time of their identity. —Henry Fox. Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. Last July Mr. William Roper, of Atco, N. J., brought to the Academy a specimen of Eryngium yuccifolium Michx. that he had found growing near Pestletown, N. J. On September 29th I visited the locality and found the colony of plants. Three or four were bearing fruit, some only one head, but the greater number had not yet reached a blooming age. They were grow- ing along two sides of a narrowly triangular plowed field. Those on the borders of the wood will probably be safe, unless the woods be cut down; the others, growing along the road, are, however, in a precarious situation. Associated with the Eryngium was Helianthus mollis Lam., which grew in great abundance on the narrow strip of turf between the road and the field. This, owing to its stoloniferous habit, is in no danger of extinction. In the West and South, where I have found the Eryngium, it has always been in rather moist situations; here it was in dry sand. From its association with Helianthus mollis it certainly leads to the inference that it is an introduction. The plant in the herbarium of Benjamin Heritage from the ‘‘ Pine Barrens of New Jersey’? is perhaps from this same locality. In Britton’ s Catalogue the plant is recorded by Canby as growing in dry sand between Atsion and Quaker Bridge, but I very greatly doubt if the plant is anywhere native in New Jersey.—CHARLES S. WILLiaMson. Abstract of the Proceed’ngs of the Philadelphia Botanical Club for 1912 January 25, 1912. Eight members present. Mr. Witmer Stone gave an account of trips made in June, 1907, and August, 1910, to the village of Jennings, in the Allegheny Mountains, Garrett County, Maryland. This section being below the glaci- ated region does not have the usual lakes and ponds, but is interesting because of the varied types and wide range of plants. Of the trees, Hemlock and Black Spruce were plentiful, as well as several Oaks, Chestnut, Sugar Maple and Ash. The size and fine development of the herbaceous plants growing in the region is worthy of remark, being much larger than examples of the same species found with us. Sazifraga micranthidifolia was one of the most striking plants. In the vicinity of the village some of the plants noted were Acer pennsylvanica, Hepatica acuta, Gentiana linearis, Lilium superbum and Phlox reptans, very abund- ant. Allium tricoccwum was much relished by the natives as food. Throughout the region, in dry, rocky places, was noted Men- ziesia pilosa. The flora at the top of Meadow Mountain, the summit of the Alleghenies, was extremely interesting. In the drier places grew Pinus rigida, Cypripedium acaule, Azalea nudi- flora, Hypericum densiflorum and several species of huckleberries, while in the wet places were Dryopteris cristata, Carex folliculata, Viburnum dentatum and Drosera rotundifolia. The flora was very much as ia the pine barrens of New Jersey, and is quite likely a remnant of an early primitive flora such as we have there. Among the more southern plants noted were, first, those limited to the Southern Alleghenies, such as Cimicifuga americana, Sazifraga micranthidifolia, Angelica Curtisii and Phlox reptans. Of those common to the Mississippi and Ohio Valley region were Magnolia acuminata, Disporum lanuginosum and Dasystoma laevigata. (16) PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 17 Mr. Long noted some additional finds in Cape May County, New Jersey. At Cape May Court House a small grove of Populus heterophylla, a southern coastal tree; a Hydrocotyle growing in muckish ground in the dense shade of thickets in considerable abundance, though with very few flowers, proved to be H. Canbyi, a very local species of Maryland and Delaware. At Bennett, Rynchospora filifolia was found. February 29, 1912. Fourteen members present. Mr. S. S. Van Pelt spoke of a collection of plants from Cape May County, New Jersey, received from Mr. O. H. Brown among which were a number of special interest, including Dryopteris cristata, Andropogon Elliottii, Paspalum dissectum, Amphicarpon amphi- carpon, Panicum commutatum, P. condeasum, Chaetochloa mayna, Sporobolus asper, only known in the State at Cape May, Cyperus retrofractus, Rynchospora filifolia, Xyris elata, Smilax pulverulenta, Corallorhiza odontorhiza, Chenopodium leptophyllum, Bassia hirsuta, Solidago Elliottii, 8. arguta, Boltonia astervides, Lespedeza procum- bens and Lespedeza Stuvei. Mr. Stone noted a large colony of Lygodium palmatum on Cooper’s Creek near Haddonfield, New Jersey, observed by him on February 22. March 28, 1912. Sixteen members present. Mr. Daniel W. Hamm, Allentown, Pa., was elected a member. Mr. Francis W. Pennell spoke on our local species of Gerardia, exhibiting a number of herbarium specimens. He included not only Gerardia proper but the two closely related genera Dasystoma and Otophylla, the last named having sessile flowers, occurring only occasionally in our range; Darlington lists it in his Flora Caestrica. The Dasystomas were found to be parasitic only on the oak, the white and black oak groups. Parasitism was especially marked in D. pedicularis, the annual species of the genus. A slight fragrance was also noted about this plant. In D. flava the most distinctive mark is the always pubescent capsule. D. virginica is found in rich rocky woods, its leaves are much more cut than the others and the stem is always glaucous; while D. laevigata is close to D. virginica, it is a more delicate plant and is not glaucous. The Gerardias were found to be all parasitic, largely on grasses, Andropogon sp. being the 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE favorites and always preferred if within reach. The list of host plants observed is quite a large one, Gerardia tenuifolia was noted on sixteen different species. In Gerardia Holmiana, G. purpurea and G. decemloba, the corolla is spreading, while in G. tenuifolia it is slightly two-lobed. G. purpurea and G. ra- cemulosa are very close, the long pedicels differentiate them from G. Holmiana and G. decemloba. April 25, 1912. Fifteen members present. Mr. Bayard Long gave his observations on Allium carinatum, an introduction of recent years. Its first mention in text-books appears to be in the appendix to Brittun’s Manual, published in 1901 on the authority of N. E. Arnold, who collected it at Grenoble, Bucks County, Pa. When first reported it was feared that it might become as troublesome a weed as Allium vineale which it closely resembles. According to Mr. Long’s observations it seems to grow only on banks, along roadsides and on the edges of woods and not in meadows as in the case of A. vineale. It blooms in August and is rather an attractive plant. Along the Edge Hill Road near Willow Grove and at Camp Hill, Ashbourne and several other localities it was found well established. Herbarium specimens of a number of interesting plants recently collected by Mr. Pretz, mostly from Lehigh County, Pa., were displayed; also a number of living plants colleeted by Mr. Long, showing how they appeared when just starting into growth in the spring. May 28, 1912. Fourteen members present. Mr. W. E. Ridenour was elected a member of the Club. The Chair an- nounced the death on May 4, last of Joel J. Carter at Peter’s Creek, Pa. Mr. Williamson spoke of a trip taken by him into southern Delaware on May 18and 19. At Harrington an unusual Azalea was noted, like A. nudiflora but about twice the size, white tinged with pink, with a glandular tube and very sweet-scented, Azalea viscosa grew in the same locality but was not yet in flower. A few small plants of Chionanthus were noted, also Juncoides bulbosum. Antennaria Parlinii was abundant. A sur- prise was the finding of Rubus allegheniensis in this region. Along the railroad Senecio tomentosus was conspicuous. At PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 19 Millsboro, along the banks of the Indian River the following were noted: Leucothoe racemosa, Viola primulaefolia, very hairy, Jtea virginica, Carex exilis, Aralia spinosa, Smilax Walteri in bloom aud Juncus militaris; a large patch of Yucca filamentasa was ob- served but whether native or escaped from cultivation could not be determined. Mr. Long spoke of a recent trip to the region around Bangor, Pa. largely for the purpose of studying Vaccinium in flower. The species are very variable, in leaf characters as to the hairs and serrations, also in the size and shape of the corolla. It seemed difficult to find two bushes alike. The willows were in fine condition. At Mt. Bethel, Dentaria diphylla was noted in abundance, also Waldsteinia and Polygala paucifolia; Carex pedunculata, rare with us, in this region was locally abundant and in fine condition. Mr. Welsh described a spring trip to Northern New Jersey in the vicinity of Branchville and Culver’s Lake. Among some of the species noted were Cypripedium hirsutum, Caltha palustris, Trilliwm undulatum, Prunus pumila and Conopholis americana. September 26, 1912. Twenty-two members present. The Chair announced the death on August 18 of Benjamin Heri- tage, one of the founders of the Club, speaking of his life and interest in things botanical. Messrs. Lippincott and A. N. Leeds also testified to bis character and unusual ability. The topic of the meeting being ‘‘Summer Notes,’’? a number of those present contributed. Local species of Solidago were displayed on the walls, in addition Mr. Van Pelt called attention to specimens of Gymna- deniopsis integra collected August 16, 1912, by Henry Fox, at Swain Station, Cape May County, New Jersey, and Eryngium yuccifolium, collected July 29, 1912, by Mr. Roper in the vicin- ity of Atco, New Jersey; both are new to the Club herbarum. Mr. Williamson had paid Lake Superior a visit in the vicinity of Sault Ste. Marie and Fort William; he also reported the col- lection in Cape May County, New Jersey, of Bidens bidentoides and B. discoidea as well as Chenopodium Boscianum. Dr. Eckfeldt had paid a recent visit to the Nockamixon Cliffs on the Delaware, at which place he turned up Aster amethystinus 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE growing at the top, on the rocks bordering a woods facing south. At the same time another Aster was collected with flowers of a rosy pink, inflorescence much the same as A. amethystinus, but foliage that of A. multiflorus. Dr. Eckfeldt regarded A. ame- thystinus as a distinct species rather than a hybrid between A. multiflorus and A. nove-angliz as claimed by some; the other plant found would rather seem to be the hybrid. Dr. Harsh- berger exhibited a volume of illustrations of vegetation in Southern New Jersey, which was one of a number of volumes collected by him with a view to recording wild vegetation before disturbed by cultivation; many of the views were from original photographs. Mr. B. H. Smith told of two trips taken with Prof. Sargent in the vicinity of Jamestown and Williamsburg, Virginia, be- tween the York and James Rivers, with a view of discovering if possible the old botanist Clayton’s habitat. Clayton had been a correspondent of Linnaeus, and from the records had evidently collected in this locality. It was not until the second trip that traces of Clayton’s having lived in these parts were discovered. He apparently had served the County of Gloucester for a number of years as an officer of the court, but the county seat had been removed many years ago, the old court-house was in ruins, the surroundings a wilderness. A house was pointed out which tradition said was Clayton’s, several magnolias and pawpaws were found, also Hicoria villosa and two species of the glabra type, one of which was probably Clayton’s species. Mr. Smith showed specimens of the trees referred to, together with Quercus Michauzii, Q. nigra and the Live Oak Q. virginiana, the last named reaching its northern limit near this point. Mr. Lippincott commented upon the disappearance of Nelwmbo lutea in the neighborhood of Woodstown, N. J. As soon as the ‘plant gets very abundant in a locality it seems to disappear; whether this is due to overcrowding and thus a tendency to decay does not appear. October 24, 1912. Nineteen members present. A minute on the death of Benjamin Heritage was received. Mr. Brown de- scribed a trip taken to Jamaica in the late winter of 1909-10, PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 21 displaying on the walls representatives of the principal plant families. The scarcity of herbaceous plants in the tropics was noticeable; woody ones predominate. Mr. Bassett exhibited a fine lot of Daddies tristt his New Jersey nursery; the club giving him a vote of thanks for his generous gift of cut blooms to the members present. November 21, 1912. Twelve members present. Mr. Welsh spoke of a trip to Lake Sunapee, N. H., describing the character of the vegetation of the region. Among the plants noted were Polygonum amphibium, P. cuspidatum, Lobelia Dortmanna, Lysias orbiculata, Peramium cphioides, Peramium. tessellatum, Corallorhiza multiflora, Blephariglottis psycodes, Cypripedium acaule, Dalibarda repens, Actaea alba, Sorbus americana, Viburnum alnifolium and Moneses uniflora. December 26, 1912. Annual meeting, twenty members pres- ent. The following were elected as officers of the Club to serve for the ensuing year: President, Edwin B. Bartram; Vice-Presi- dent, Charles S. Williamson; Secretary, Lee Sowden; Treasurer, Arthur N. Leeds; Curator, 8. 8. Van Pelt; Associate Curator, Bayard Long. Mr. John A. Bornman, Glenolden, Pa., and Mr. Walter M. Benner, Telford, Pa., were elected active mem- bers, and Mr. Charles Varnum, Atco, N. J., a corresponding member, Mr. Crawford presented the Club with a souvenir copy of a publication giving an account of the first outing of the Club on the Susquehanna hills and islands at York Furnace, Pa., in 1892. Dr. Harshberger presented the members with compli- mentary copies of his book on the ‘‘ Botanists of Philadelphia and their work.’? Mr. Van Pelt had arranged an exhibit of some of the interesting additions to the herbarium during the year. OFFICERS AND MEMBERS OF THE Philadelphia Botanical Club. 1913. EDWIN B. BARTRAM, Presiden CHARLES S. WILLIAMSON, See isch. LEE SOWDEN, Secretary. ARTHUR N. sete — S. S. VAN PELT ? BAYARD LONG, asa Curator. ACTIVE MEMBERS. JAMES F. BAKER, 938 Broadway, Camden, N. J..........-0-20+- *1896 EDWIN TRAM, Oy PB. cre sie ket vow eee ees - 1906 Georce W. Basser, Hathmontot, Ni di. oo os se cece sce sce 19 WAL » BENNER, Telford, Pai eos oa ec wie ee SOS eg eS 1912 GrorcE M. BERINGER, 5th and Federal Sts., Camden, N. J..... Founder. JOHN A. Borneman, Glenolden, Pa, o. 0 9c 4 cies iin Sees ts 1912 Dr. Amos P. Brown, 20 E. Penn St., Germantown, Pa........... 1892 STEwarDSON Brown, Academy of Natural Scheu Phila, Pa, Pen JOSEPH CRAWFORD, 16 E. Steward Ave., Lansdowne, Pa...... Founder. 1 Frank MILES Day, Mt. Airy Philade elphi Sy Pas ee ounder. Ricuarp H. Day, 419 N. 2nd St., Philadelphia, Pa........... Founder. Dr. JOHN W. ECKFELDT, 65th ce Vine Sts., Philadelphia, Pa..... 1892 WILLIAM FINDLAY, 212 N. 8th St. , Philadelphia; Pls ign eee 1908 Dr. C. D. ReUeINVING, POs. kc oe cs oe ek ea aa oes bee 4k 1892 BaRTRAM W. GRIFFITHS, 4024 he St., Philadelphia, Pa........ 1902 d.. He Guoval, New Mespt Ne Jiccc s ie e sees 1905 ALBERT C. GRUBER, 716 Haw ae Norritown, Paco. ..5 6.533% 1910 DanieL W. Hamu, Allento by er es ree ra 1912 wn, Dr. JoHN W. HARSHBERGER, 4839 Walton Ave., Philadelphia, Pa... 1911 * Date indicates year of election to Club. (22 ) PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 23 WituiaM E. Haypocx, 4110 Parkside Ave., Philadelphia, Pa...... 1903 Pror. ZEPHANIAH Hoppmr, 1925 N. 12th St., Philadelphia, Pa..... 1902 wack. ELUBER, Fonishuty, Pao. 6 is oo wine idee eee 1911 Dr. A. ARTHUR JONES, 1810 Jefferson St., Philadelphia, Pa....... 1897 Dr. Ipa A. KELLER, Girls High School, Philadelphia, Pa......... 1892 AV. W.. We. Kanriae, Poongbure, Pac ise cet ds Claceecyes 1911 Pror. W. A. Kung, Ursinus College, Collegeville, Pa............. 1911 Louis C. Kiopp, 1301 Snyper AveE., Philadelphia, Pa............ 1910 Dr. HENRY KRAEMER, 145 N. 10th St., Philadelphia, Pa.......... 1898 Dr. HeNry A. Larssie, 59th and Market Sts., Philadelphia, Pa... 1894 H E LAKIN, ees — Sion ce bes Ca ee ae tees 1906 Max. H, Peagom Lani, Leanmisle: Pais. io0c5 ids hee coe 06 Henry A. Lane, 4917 N. Camac St. - Philadelphia, Piece sguccsvns 1901 CHARLES H. La Watt, 507 S. 49nd St., Philadelphia, Pa......... 1896 ARTHUR N. LEEDS, 5321 Baynton St., Ger mantown, Pa....... Founder. Morris E. Leeps, 5321 Baynton St., ‘Genuiil Rtown, Paes e No. 2, Hudson Falls, N. Y. ..... 1911 A cCARTHUG teehee, MenOy NONE Cosi shikai ets wee CEE eee 1893 GEoRGE V. Nasu, New Es aaa Marden csi Ho ee eS 1905 ae ge A SE ee ee tr eee 1906 . J. T. ROTHROCK, West CUBSCEY Pies ec ovina sate ees ot es 1892 as We SAUNDERS, PAsaGONS,. COE. ois su wee cri iad is ie ee ee aes 1893 Dr. JOHN K. SMALL, New ‘Tonk otanical Garden ss ce oie ts secs 1893 Mus. EB. 5. Brake, Otentt. View Ny Dein cers 66 i CANON Pes 6 ee ee 1897 HUGH. 45, STONE, Coatesville= Pas sia. doa Oe A eek oe es 1893 (CCHARDES -VARNUM, AtGG, No We. co ois re kw a ee a Pe cs 1912 Dr. CAMPBELL E. WATERS, Washinaton, De Oie ai eia eek ee Cees 1904 DECEASED MEMBERS. Died. Frank L. Bassett, Active. Prov: EDSON SS. BASTIN, Honorary. oo 0. Cee ccr ies ces ee ee April, 1897 Dr. J. Hekira BRINTON, Founder, ooo cosas December 6, 1894 ISAAC BuURK, Honorary lis, ses er ce ee ee ews March 30, 1592 WiLithmM. M: CANBY; Honoraty 3.2 cc 0.250 os cere ee March 10, 1904 ont J. Caren, Cortespondiig.. 0 OC cacti eae cee ay 4, 1912 R. WiHLIAM Hessst; Honorary ..s4i 0s cecee ec < December 29, 1906 Benvamin. Heerrace, Moulder... 0... se es es August 19, 1912 WUBRBOHT, JAGN. WOUndEr Coc. e cots ree ets eee February 6, 1905 PROF HN SO, TONOTaLY oo su sce ey oie September 10, 1893 FSAAO Cio MPARTINDALE, Montde? 2.0.05. eo oS anuary 3, 1893 AHOMAS MESRHAN, Pounder 0c cc eee ee November 18, 1901 So TGAAS OO. MONE, SAOHOTATY cies cs cece cents ve. September 7, 1898 ih. THOMAS Ce PORTER, “HOngrary 66.5. be ek eee 7, 1901 Pror. Ferris W. Price, Corresponding...... ...-- September 22, 1909 JOHN H. Reprrenp, Honorary .--...2...... 0000 . Feb , 1895 Dr. CHARLES ScHarrrmer, Active 2.20.0... cee ee November 23, 1903 Louis SCHNEIDER, Active... 6.05.8 os ees aries ae August 14, 1901 Dr. SAMUEL P. SEEsE, Active 1911 nets C. SMITH, Pounder oie. ieee si es oe Apel 2, 1902 INDEX TO SPECIES bama americana, 7, 8 Acer pennsylvanica, 16 Actea alba, 21 Allium a endo 18 paisa 16 ister amethystinus, 19, 20 mu » 20 n nglize. 20 Azalea nudiflora, 16, 18 Bassia hirsuta, Bidens bidentsides, 19 Blephariglottis ciliaris, 14, 15 ps sycodes, 21 Boltonia actorotdes, 17 Caltha palustris, 19 Carex exilis. 19 lept Espliglivin; 17 Chionanthus virginica, Cimicifuga americana, 16 Conopholis americana, 19 onostylis americana Corallorhiza teen do 21 rhiza, 17 Cyperus pebiotractOn; 17 Cypripedium acaule, 16, 21 irsutum, 19 Dalibarda repens, 21 virginica, 1 Dentaria diphylla, 19 Disporum lanuginosum, 16 Drosera rotundifolia, 16 Dryopteris cristata, 16, 17 Eryngium yuccifolium, 15, 19 Euphorbia ipecacuanhe, 8 Gentiana linearis, 16 Gerardia a decemloba, 18 if 8 Gymnadeniopsis integra, 14, 19 Helianthus mollis, 15 Hepatica acuta, Hicoria gla non 20 villosa, 2( Hydrocotyle Cnnbyi: 17 Hypericum densiflorum, 16 Tris versicolor, 9 Itea virginica, 19 Juncoides bulbosum, 18 Juncus militaris, 19 Lespedeza procumbens, 17 Stuvei, 17 Leucothoe racemosa, 1 Lilium su m, Lobelia Dortmanna, 21 “pho a ii, oe Lophiola a eS 4 Lygodinm balan, 7 1; 3,47 ysias orbiculata, 21 Magnolia ca gi 16 Menziesia pile Moneses uniflora, 2 Nelumbo lutea, 20 Panicum commutatum, 17 conde 1 ( 25 ) 26 INDEX TO SPECIES. Paspalum dissectnm, 17 Saxifraga ee 16 Peramium ‘laa nih 21 Scirpus eyperinus, ~ “wanda 21 Sclerolepis eenuEL “0 Pinus rigid. 1 Senecio tome: tosus, 18 Phlox reptans, Smilax puiver be 2g 17 Pogonia div Roe S Walteri, 19 Pulyxain cabins eer 14 Solidago ar: sete 17 olia, 19 Elliottii, 17 ee ide scens, 14 Sorbus americana, 21 Polygonum amphibiun, 21 Sporobolis asper, 17 shea 21 Popnlus heterophx lla, 1 Tofieldia racemosa, 8 Prunus pumilz Trillium undulatum, 19 Quercus Michauxii, 20 Viburnum alnifolium, 21 nigra, 14. 20 entatum, 1 Viola primulaefolia, 19 virginiana, 20 Waldsteinia fragarioides, 19 Rubus alleghiensis, 18 Rynchospora filifolia, 17 Xyris elata, 17 Sarracenia purpurea, 9 Yucca filamentosa, 19 A BOTANICAL ANNUAL PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB AWIaAYOL WMAVAUNOD VNANOD a ce , * ‘ ' vata! oe A * y : ot a 2 * a f ‘ae. 4 ties 5, PE an c vaee ‘ ; “ * - \ “1 ye q % Mire ‘ r & ,.* ie : a a ae |S , oe § f ; sort 4 we ‘ ale f eo as | ed ey * f Ms, « Wu ms i) * call * BARTONIA PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB No. 6. PHILADELPHIA, PA. 1913 Corema Conradii 7orrey BY STEWARDSON BROWN Few of our New Jersey plants have attracted more interest among botanists in general than the subject of the present paper. Although ranging in greater or less abundance along the Atlantic seaboard from Newfoundland, through Maine to Southeastern Massachusetts, with an isolated station in the Shawangunk Mountains, New York, it is here only considered at its most southern known locality, where first discovered, in that remarkable section of the Pine Barrens of Ocean and Bur- lington Counties, New Jersey, locally known as the ‘‘ Plains.”’ My first acquaintance with Corema was made on a memorable trip, March 31, 1893, in company with Messrs. Witmer Stone, Amos P. Brown and Joseph Crawford. We, I believe, were the first botanical party to visit the plains from the West, starting from Woodmansie Station on the New Jersey Southern Rail- road, and like other pioneers found difficulties to be overcome, our main one being to determine the correct road. Any one who has had experience in the pines, knows the difficulty in telling roads from other areas of sand, especially when no vehicle has passed over any of the suspects during 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE some months; such was our dilemma when alighting at the burned platform and shed which served as a railroad station. The map indicated two roads, one tending somewhat north of east while the other was due east. Here we had two possible roads tending decidedly northeast and three apparently due east, the two lower of these were only wagon tracks of an ancient date, maybe not since the last huckleberry season; the other showed that a wagon had been over it maybe as recently as two months ago. As our road should go due east, and was in- dicated as a highway to the coast, we concluded the one show- ing the most recent use was it, but after two hours steady tramping, and no sign of the ‘“ plains,’’ and with some aband- oned houses which the map showed should be on the other road, we knew we were wrong. But it was better now to keep ahead than to turn back; for if our calculations were correct according to the map, in about two miles we would meet a north and south road, on which if we turned south we would soon reach our goal, and this proved correct. We were rewarded for our exertions by finding Corema in abundance, and in perfection of bloom, at a station much further to the west than ever previ- ously recorded. On a visit to the same locality several years later, no trace of Corema was to be found where previously it had been so abundant, though there was plenty not far distant where we had not observed it before. From the manner in which it appears to vary in abundance from time to time, occa- sionally disappearing entirely where it had been abundant, and appearing at some station where it had not been known before, it would suggest that after a time it must die out, while the seed blown over this wind-swept waste is constantly starting new colonies, so that its actual stations through the plains are continually changing. Dr. Witmer Stone, describing Corema in its home in New Jersey, says:* ‘‘It is an inhabitant of those desolate stretches of white sand barrens which cover the most elevated portion of the Pine Barren region, stretching away for some thirty square miles, for the most part devoid of trees higher than one’s knees. * Report N. J. State Museum, 1910, pp. 530, 531. PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 3 But trees there are in abundance, round boles of pitch-pine trunks, which send out prostrate branches, or short upright ones, bearing an abundance of cones: and scrub oaks of several species—Q. ilicifolia and marilandica—everywhere stunted. Here and there the Bearberry Arctostaphylos trails about over the coarse white sand and gravel. And then at favored spots are great round cushions of the Corema, one to three feet in diame- ter, the basal portion a tangle of brown stems and dead branches, but the surface of the mass, covered with fresh green leaves— little slender needles recalling those of some conifer—and at the top of each spray a blossom or fruit, according to the season; neither of them very conspicuous, although the purple anthers do stand out rather brightly when the plant is in full bloom.” In an account of a trip to the ‘‘ Plains’? by Mr. Herbert L. Coggins * is the following admirable picture of them in mid- summer: ‘‘ A singular region, hot, level and dry. We wade into the scrub scarce able to believe that it is over the top of a dwarf forest that we are gazing for miles. Its barrenness, except for the stunted vegetation, recalls vividly to mind long-forgotten descriptions of desert regions. The heat rising from the parched ground gives a blur of uncertainty to distant outlines, and we close our eyes involuntarily before the glare of the sun on the exposed gravel areas.’’ Such is the abiding-place of this most interesting plant in New Jersey, which is among the earliest of the spring bloomers, opening its flowers in late March or early April according to seasonal conditions. The staminate flowers in particular are quite showy with their tufts of red-purple filaments, capped by brown-purple anthers, in strong contrast with the abundant dark green foliage, the dead brown stamens persisting for quite a time after the flowering period. The pistillate flowers though less showy are yet quite striking with their abundance of red- purple styles, followed by the fruit, like little round balls about a sixteenth of an inch in diameter, which appear to ripen in early summer. The history of its discovery, apparent disappearance and sub- * Cassinia, 1902, p. 26. 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE sequent rediscovery is interesting, and I here quote in full that portion of an article by Mr. John H. Redfield.* Referring to its occurrence in New Jersey, he says: ‘Tt is said to have been first discovered by Prof. Solomon W. Conrad as early as 1831 near Pemberton Mills about ten miles from Burlington, N. J., and a fragment so ticketed (with a?) is in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy. Soon after Rafinesque collected it at Cedar Bridge, Monmouth County, about twenty-two miles southeast of Pemberton. This locality was visited about 1833 by Dr. Torrey, who published the first description of the plant under the name Empetrum Conradii, in Annals of N. Y. Lyceum of Nat. Hist., IV, 83. In April, 1869, in company with the late Charles F. Parker, I made some ex- amination of the vicinity of Pemberton, and also visited Cedar Bridge in search of the plant. The encroachment of civilization near the former place discouraged search, but at Cedur Bridge, the localities which Dr. Torrey in his paper so carefully in- dicated, were readily identified. But no trace of the plant was seen either at these points or elsewhere during a search of some hours. Dr, Torrey described it as growing in a few patches ‘in the pure white sand of that region.’ These places as I now re- member them were quite bare of vegetation at that early spring season, but the prevailing tree growth of all that region is a very stunted form of Pinus rigida. At the time of Rafinesque’s and Torrey’s visits, Cedar Bridge was an inn for the accommoda- tion of the limited summer travel of that period by stage-coach between Philadelphia and Barnegat Bay. Now, alas! an occa- sional clam-wagon is the only visitant, and as I remember the house in 1869, it was as rough a hostelry as it has been my lot to encounter. I have some doubt whether Conrad’s and Rafin- esque’s localities were not the same. ‘*Dr. Knieskern is said to have found the plant at other points in Monmouth County, but this bas not been confirmed, nor is Corema enumerated in his Catalogue of the Plants of Monmouth and Ocean Counties, published in 1856. There is, however, a large tract of absolute wilderness lying between the * Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, 1884, p. 97. PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB, 5 New Jersey Southern Railroad and Barnegat Bay which may reward exploration.”’ The plaut was, so far as records show, completely lost in New Jersey from the time of the recorded discovery at Cedar Bridge by Dr. Torrey in 1833, for a period of fifty-three years, when in 1886 Mr, J. F. Merrill of Columbia College communicated to Dr. Britton its rediscovery in the barren plains west of Cedar Bridge, exactly where Dr. Redfield suggested in 1869 * that it might be found, when reporting to the Philadelphia Academy, the failure of Mr. Charles F. Parker and himself to rediscover it at the localities of Conrad and Torrey. In 1887 Dr. Britton with Mess. Thomas Hogg and J. J. Northrup visited the spot, and on April 3, 1889, Dr. Britton, Mr. Redfield, Dr. Arthur Hollick and Dr. J. Bernard Brinton visited the same locality, and a quotation from Mr. Redfield’s ¢ second paper on the subject follows: ‘‘ The locality is about two and a half miles due west from Cedar Bridge, and about ten miles west of the railroad station at Barnegat. It lies on both sides of the county line dividing Ocean and Burlington Coun- ties. It is easiest reached from Barnegat by taking the straight road from that place to Cedar Bridge (about eight miles), then taking the straight road running west-northwest from Cedar Bridge towards Buddstown for about two and one-half miles to where the road is crossed by a north and south road, and following this for half or two-thirds of a mile south. ‘The region is a most remarkable one, which cannot fail to impress every visitor with a sense of loneliness and sterility. It forms part of the water-shed, or divide, between the streams flowing into the Atlantic and those discharging into the Dela- ware River. Locally it is known as the ‘West Plains,’ but these so-called ‘plains’ are long undulating swells of sand, sometimes rising to a height commanding extensive views in every direction over a desert of sand so sterile that even the trees of Pinus rigida, which sparsely clothe it, can attain only to the height of three or four feet. No sign of human life is * Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1869, pp. 91, 92. + Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, XVI, 1889, pp. 193~195. 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE visible and one could readily imagine himself in the midst of a vast wilderness. Its height above the ocean is between 150 and 200 feet according to the Geological Survey. The region is bi- sected by the north-and-south road I have mentioned, by the side of which the usual low matted patches of Corema appear. But on leaving the road to examine the extent of its distribu- tion we became amazed at the expanse of the territory more or less covered by it. We followed over the rising swells of ground already alluded to, both to the east and west of the road, to the extent of at least half a mile each way, and for a like distance in the opposite direction without entirely losing sight of Corema, and we probably did not reach the limits. To say that there are hundreds of acres of it is a statement which my companions thought to be far short of the truth. In some places the patches were separated by intervals of some rods, but often scores of them were seen at once, and in many places they became con- fluent in large masses, reminding me of the appearance of the plant at Plymouth, Mass. Besides the thick, scattered, stunted pines, little shrubbery was seen, other than occasionally very small specimens of Quercus iicifolia, but the sandy spaces were often partially covered with Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi, and the whole region reminded one of the downs of the interior of Nan- tucket, where the Arctostaphylos is so very abundant, occasional carpets of Pyzidanthera were near, but rarely with the Corema. ‘‘Though our visit was made before April had expired, the unusually advanced season had carried Corema beyond its flower- ing stage, and its stamens were mostly withered though not fallen. Staminate and pistillate plants seemed equally abundant. ‘When Mr. Merrill first discovered this locality it was, I believe, unscathed by fire, but at the time of Dr. Britton’s first visit the region had been burned over, so far as it was possible to burn so sparse a growth, and the low pines had been singed and mostly killed. Now among the blackened trunks fresh sprouts of these pines are appearing. But what most excited our sur- prise was to see myriads of young seedling plants of Corema springing out of the sand in the intervals between the patches, and it would seem as if the seeds, carried by the winds, had availed themselves of every spot of bare sand, there to lodge and PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 7 germinate. None of these seedlings were more than two years old, many not more than one. ‘In illustration of the apparently capricious manner in which the plant appears, I may mention that on our return to Barnegat we saw two or three patches of it on the south side of the road about three miles west of Barnegat within half a yard of the wheel track. Search for more of it in this vicinity was unsuc- cessful, so also was a re-examination of the original locality near the old Western Hotel at Cedar Bridge.’’ Not until 1899 was Corema known in New Jersey outside of the ‘‘ West Plains,’’ except at the one station three miles from Barnegat recorded by Mr. Redfield.* On July 3 of that year, however, Messrs. C. F. Saunders and Willard N. Clute, on a wagon trip from Tuckerton to Atsion, crossing the lower or ‘* Kast Plains,’’ collected it west of Munyon Field in environ- ment exactly similar to that found on the ‘‘ West Plains,’’ and also sparingly in a pine woods on the west branch of Wading River, at least four miles from the ‘‘ Plains.’’} In June, 1901, Dr. Witmer Stone, accompanied by Messrs. H. L. Coggins and J. A. G. Rehn, on a wagon trip from Med- ford across the pines, found the plant abundant at Mr. Saunder’s locality west of Munyon Field, and a year later Dr. Stone, ona tramp from Cedar Grove to Chatsworth, in company with Mr. Rehn, found it just east of Cedar Grove, in sight of the houses. f Dr. Stone also records § finding on May 18, 1911, an isolated colony of Corema in a pine woods at Englewood, on West Creek, three miles from the town of West Creek, another locality outside of the ‘‘ Plains,’’ and probably its most southeasterly station. The following is a summary of the records of Corema in New Jersey: Pemberton Mills, twelve miles from Burlington, Mon- mouth county; Cedar Bridge; three miles west of Cedar Bridge; four miles east of Woodmansie; six miles east of Woodmansie; three miles west of Barnegat; between Allen’s Bridge (High Bridge) and Martha; ‘‘ East Plains’? near Munyon Field; three miles northwest of West Creek. 71s & { Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., 1900, p. 544. tL. c, p. 535. 3 Barronta, III, p. 26. Some Noteworthy Plants of Bear Swamp BY EDWIN B. BARTRAM Several miles northeast of Trenton the New York division of the Pennsylvania Railroad bisects a locality known as ‘‘ Bear Swamp.’’ In traveling between Philadelphia and New York I have regularly observed this little area of marsh and swamp from the train window, but the opportunity to make a more intimate study of the flora did not offer until last season. During the winter months it presents the usual range of som- bre greys and primeval browns. Early in April, however, before the surrounding country gives any evidence of the im- pending change, parts of the marsh seem fairly to glow with the warm sunlight reflected from the staminate catkins of Salix dis- color. These fragile but hardy clusters appear to radiate the slanting rays of the late afternoon sun until they give one the impression of countless little yellow flames against the sombre background of dead and dormant vegetation. In July and August the immense pink and white flowers of the Hibiscus Moscheutos fill portions of the swamp with a wealth of color that not infrequently draws exclamations of surprise and admiration from otherwise sedate travelers. Again in September large areas of the open marsh are covered with masses of Bidens trichosperma that in spots grows to a height of six feet or more. It would indeed be hard to imagine a more satisfying landscape effect than this luxuriant mass of golden-yellow blooms. Passing from the broader and more familiar features to a more detailed description of the locality, we may say that it is about two miles long and almost half as broad, except at the upper or north end, where it is bounded by the Asanpink Creek. The central portion, comprising at least one-half of the total area, is an open marsh covered in places with extensive colonies of cat- tails, but also showing other characteristic features that will be (8 PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB. 9 referred to lateron. This open portion is practically surrounded by almost impenetrable thickets which in places are backed by patches of woodland. While the neighboring country is closely cultivated, this swamp shows few if any evidences of decided change. It is frequented by huckleberry pickers during the summer and by a few gunners in the fall, but so far it seems happily to have escaped the civilizing influences that follow in the wake of the axe and the under-drain. We are therefore reasonably warranted in assuming that it is essentially the same to-day as it was before the region was settled. For convenience we will separate the plants of the central por- tion or marsh from those of the bordering shrubbery thicket. Both groups are plainly hydrophytic in their elements and re- lationships, as might be inferred from the locality. The follow- ing lists are not intended to be complete and only aim to include some of the more interesting species collected during the season as a basis for the discussion to follow. The greater portion of the marsh is covered with a dense mixed growth of Typha angustifolia and Typha latifolia, while the remainder is characterized by a heavy black soil, numerous shallow pools and a scattering growth of Clethra alnifolia, Betula pepulifolia, Alnus rugosa and Vaccinium corymbosum. 1901 Witmer Strong, Academy of Natural Retéatin, Phila., Pa..... Founder. 8. S. Van Pevr, 2110 Walnut St., Philadelphia, Pa..........----- 1902 Rosert F. Wetsu, 5335 Baynton St., Germantown, Pa.......-- .. 1909 T. J. WILKINSON, 4082 Lancaster Ave., Philadelphia, Pa......... 1907 CHARLES S. WILLIAMSON, 2127 Mt. Vernon St., Pog a Pa... 1897 Francis WINDLE, West Chester, Pa. ..... . 1911 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. BACHMAN, Slatington, Pa... .sccccvcevcceusdcusnees 1908 De. Gaonas N; Best, Rosemont, N. di... ce ee oe bese ee ds 1906 EUGENE P. BICKNELL, New York City. .......c.ccccccecceapesee 1896 Rev. J BUNTING, Maton, GAs coc. ce cee tenes cc cae Yous 07 Dr. NATHANIEL Lorp Britton, New York Botanical Gardai. oan 1892 ELIzaABETH G. Britton, New York Botanical Garden............ 1895 O. H. Brown, ee 1 So ges. BN POR a arenes ering tage eer 1908 Stewart H. Burnuam, R. F. D. No. 2, Hudson Falls, N. Y. ..... 1911 A. ARTHUR tens HONG: ING ce Fae ee. sacra Oss hee eee ee ee 1893 GrorcE V. Nasu, New York Botanteal Gatdeh 6 ian rs eC es 1905 hee Fie Oey SEM, ENO, ep ee a hs ot ee ss oe ees se 1906 ; oud. BOrnMOCE, Wome Chettiar, Fas. icc isin cece eases 1892 © ia WAUNUEES, Pasidond. Cals coves ts isi oh eae ke aa scees 1893 Dr. JoHnN K. SMALL. ey York proeauiee! Gorden. os cv cas ss 1893 MES. 0. Ss. STARR, OCOAN VieW, Na Oiior oes hci oh cc bes « 1897 HucH E. Stone, Coatesville, Pe. ee A CR Ores rr eee 1893 s VarNnum, Atco, a ae eee She eae pray ware gy 1912 Dr. CAMPBELL E. WATERS, Washington, D. C............0.02.00- 1904 DECEASED MEMBERS. Died. Frank L. Basser, Active. Prov. Epson. 8; Bastin, Honorary occ 2220 is gee April, 1897 Dr. J. BERNARD BRINTON, Founder................ December 6, 1894 Isaac ee Honorary. ae ee re March 30, 1892 TELIAM M. CANBY; Honorary. i600 ioe ee March 10, 1904 JOEL J. “nats Corresponding oi 22 620053 52 ieee terete’ May 4, 1912 Dr. WitLiaM Herpst, Honorary ................ December 22, 1906 BENJAMIN Henirace, Founder ...............2..0005 ugust 912 Pror. ZEPHANIAH Hopper, Active -.--......-- July 21, 1913 PUDERORE SAMM, FOUNIBE eos EP a Seen 6, 1905 Pror. JOHN M. Maiscu, Honorary............... September 10, 1893 eas OC. ManrinpaLe, Pounder. 2055 os. ek Janu 3, 1893 THOMAS Mrernan, Founder <2... .........0 5000005 November 18, 1901 De. Isaac-8, Mover, Honorary ..:-. 03... 02.255, September 7, 18: De. Tuomas ©. Porren, Honorary 22.22. 3 200 i 1901 Pror. Ferris W. Price, Corresponding........... September 22, 1 J0HN H.: Reprrenp, Honofary ¥. Buea, Peniabury, Piss ooc5c cos os es ee hd de eee ig ss 1911 Dr. A. ARTHUR JONES, 1810 Jefferson St., Philadelphia, Pa....... 1897 Dr. Ipa A. KELLER, Girls High School, Philadelphia, Pa......... 1892 aBY. We W. Kiorusn, Pennabury, Pa. x os sss ies ou Ss saci tae 1911 Pror. W. A. Kunz, Ursinus College, Collegeville, Pa............. 1911 Louis C. Knopp, 1301 Snyper Avs., Philadelphia, sige iN ee oe Ss 1910 Dr. HENRY KraEmer, 145 N. 10th St., Philadelphia, Pa.......... 1898 8 Dr. HENRY A. LAaESSLE, 59th and Market Sts., eee Pa... 1894 19 Mrs. H. Pearce Lakin, ete eG EEG OUT ES EE TE, Cakes 1906 Henry A. Lana, 4917 N. Camae St., Ai ak tg ere eee 1901 CHaRLes H, La Wat, 507 S. 42nd St., Apri ites ees 1896 ARTHUR N. LEEDS, 5321 Baynton St., Germantown, Pa....... Founder. Morris E. LEEps, 5321 Baynton St., ‘Geemanto jig are Founder. Dr. T. Monre¢omery LigHTFoor, 5935 Greene St., esa aen: Pa, 1892 CHaRLEs D. Lipprncorr, oS Niileseeaey Seiaeate ets ounder. BavaMh Tone, Aubpourte, Pk. os oo os os Sa va cess ens 1906 MAyYNE READ canaaetie 141 N. 19th St., ae PGi esos 1892 Davip N. MoCappen, Academy of Nai Phila., Pa.. 90 ALEXANDER MACELWEE, Fairmont, W. Va. ............-s00e005: 1892 ie. A. B.. Mitwm, Nottisiows, Pac. ig. 25 is sin cee os cassie des 1899 Pror. D. Morrrorp penn Ginked College, rigor Pa... 2001 Dr. A. W. Minter, 400 N. 3rd St., Philadelphia, Pa. - Founder. JOsEPH R. MUMBAUER, foe seo OTR, PO. soe his coe ese es ose oes 191 Pror. MarrHew C. O’Brien, Boys’ High School, Philadelphia, Pa. ete W. Retrr Nauman, Sellersville, Pa....-..++ 1913 WILLIAM NELSON, 2114 Morris St., Philadelphia, Sg Se aero 1909 Bey. Ji: Ps Otis, Sharpstown, Mas. isis ens ees even eee ss ect 1912 JOHN OVERHOLTzER, Norristown, Pa......... 02sec cece enc enee 1892 Francis W. PENNELL, New York Botanical Garden ...........-- 0 JoHN T. PeNNyPacKER, 837 Market St., Wilmington, Del........ 1892 Haroup W. Pr 68 m St., Allentown, Pa...........66.5.. Dr. W. H. , Norristown, Pai. soci vc cee ee see sects nice ees 1892 W. E. Rrpenour, 433 E. Wahiut Lane, Germantown, Pa. ........ 1912 Miss Litiian RosEMAN, 1839 Van Pelt St., Philadelphia, Pa..... 1900 Sitas L. Scoumo, 880 N. 22nd. S&t., Philadelphia, Eg Hee Fay ere 897 Epwin I. ee aged of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pa. 1907 BENJAMIN H. Situ, 4704 Chester Ave., Philadelphia, Pa....... 1906 Lee Sownen, 3122 ais Ave., Philadelphia, Pa........-..---- 1901 Wirmer Stone, Academy of Natural Sciences, Phila., Pa..... Founder. S. S. Van Pevr, 2110 Walnut St., ian rE Ly Bee ee er re 19 Ropert F. WeusH, 5335 Dayston St., Germantown, Pa..........- 1 T. J. Wrmxrnson, 4082 Laneaster Ave., Philadlphi, Fy eres | i FRANCIS WINDLE, West Chester, Pa. .........-2c0ececeeesseueee 1911 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CORRESPONDING MEMBERS. CHARLES C. BACHMAN, Slatington, Pa...........e eee eee e eee eee 1908 Dr. GEorce N. Best, Rosemont, N. J... cc cece cee cece ewe enees 1906 atseg 8 P. BroxnunL, New York City. ...0. 2. cece dees cscs n nce 1896 ~ SSUNTING, -Magon, -GOoe.55 ios 5 ue ees ees bes ctr eae kere 1907 a ‘Naraasme. Lorp Britton, New York Botanical Garden..... 1892 ELizaBeTH G. Barrron, New York Botanical Garden............ 1895 0. -.. Brown, Oape: May, N, Docc ca vcivee ota ce es ete cree ce ss tees 1908 Stewart H. Burnuam, R. F. D. No. 2, Hudson Falls, N. Y. ..... 191i A. ABTHUE HELLER, Reno, N6V.. 1... cee k ese coe wes tee ee 1893 GEoRGE V. Nash, New York Botanical Garden................+-. 1905 Wo A;. POveER, Hindi, Ens i oe eee ow eA 1906 De. J. .T. Rornroce, Weat Chester, Pa... . 2.2... cee ce eee eee eee 1892 Cok Se pag RRS ee Sia ne aw Rees 1893 Dr. N . New York Botanical Garden............-- 1893 Mrs. E. 8. eRe sean MEN Ne Dawkg AUS Sie ee eae ee been Sees 1897 Hoon 3. Seows, Contesville, Pao. cs i ee i vee bee 1893 CORAMLES VARY M, ALO, NN. Doe 6 onc van nniees ee nmi eeu ssa eer ee 1912 Dr. CAMPBELL E. WaTERS, Washington, D. C..............+-+---: 1904 DECEASED MEMBERS. Died. Frank L. Bassett, Active. Pro. ae Bar: Honorary es es es eek April, 1897 Dr. J. Bernarp Brinton, Founder................ December 6, 1894 Thine Tiwen, Sigs oS Sse Oe arch 30, 1892 Wise MM. CAMBY, SLOMOUETY oie ees , JOEL J Cammen, Correnpondingn: 3.050 6 OPE bee ena e May 4, 1912 Dr. W: T, peaty iso December 22, 1906 BENJAMIN Herirace, Founder .........-6+-s.02+e005 August 19, 1912 Pror. ZEPHANIAH Hopper, Active . July 21, 1918 CRT SaHM, WOOnder 665s es ee Feb Pror. JoHN M. Mazur, aeons eee RL Oe Le Cee September 10, 1893 Isaac C. Wee ess anuary 3, 189 THOMss Meenam, Poatder 2... 6.26.5 eee November 18, 1901 Dr. Isaac 8S. Mi IGMOPATY Soe eS a ber 7, 1898 De. Thomas C. Ponree, Honorary ...2....2. 02605085 April 27, 1901 W. Pricz, Corresponding........... September 22, 1909 soics 2i, BRUTE, FOWOTES S aos es bruary 27, 1895 Cartes § BE SF a ea ee November 23, 1 Tie BOmweeN, Aatve oc So. se oe August 14, 1901 Dr. SamMvues P. SEese, Active....... eee cee Ns Se ceees vse eee se ys 11 Usetma C. Smiru, Founder ............ April 2, 1902 CHARLEs 8S. WILLiaMson, En eee aes ee 23, 1914 INDEX TO SPECIES Acer carolinianim, 19 Acnida cannabina, 20 Actinomeris squarrosa, 22 Agalinus fasciculata, 20 paupercula, 20 : setacea, Allium carinatum, 6, 8, 9, 11, 12, 13, vineale, 9,10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 5 Anemone canadensis, 22 Eleocharis interstincta, 19 Erianthus saccharioides, 18 Eriocaulon compressum, septan, Eriophorum virginicum, 19 Erodium cicutarium, 20 sphaerocapa, 23 Helianthus divaricatus, 22 Helonias bullata, 25 Magnolia reshieng uca, Meibomia canadensis, 22 32 caters cerifera, 18 Nymphaea ae 20 Nyssa bi 18 1 meee da cordata, 20 roserpinaca pectinata, 18 Quercus alba, 18 marilandica, 18 18 te) Rhus vernix, Sabbatia d Sagittaria td 20, 25 rigida, 25 enla pu tana 17 Sorbie americanus, 18 cyperinus, 19 sylvaticus, 18 INDEX TO SPECIES. Scleranthus annuus, 20 Sclerolepis unifiora, 18 Selaginella apus, 23 ri us linifolius, 19 Smilax glauca, 18 urifolia, pulverulenta, 14 rotundifolia, 18 walteri, Solidago canadensis, 19 fi 25 , 25 ieee dio symphoricarpos, 20 Tecoma radicans, 23 ta, 19 ucca filamen Zizania aquatica, 30 acs 1924 BARTONIA A BOTANICAL ANNUAL PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB EDITED BY FRANCIS W. PENNELL CONTENTS Stewardson Brown (Portrait) 2.000 ite ee. Witmer STONE 1 Rhythmic or Seasonal Appearance of certain Orchids. JOHN W. HARSHBERGER 7 Bmble- Gireens 3 ee ee GEORGE JOHNSON 8 The Pollination of two tide-water ee cis W. PENNELL 9g Some ee in the Aspect of the List of ae picieccs: ims Flor. arD LONG 12 nee 6 ee ee eee oe ee ee 8 Se 8 ee Se 6 ee ee eee wee Notes on some Local Plants and their Soil asi. RT. WHERRY 33 General: Notes oo. i See i ee ee eet Program of Meetings from January, 1915, to December, 1923.. 37 List of Officers. and: Membet6 c.f Se ves index-to Species 5 ee PUBLISHED BY THE CLUB Acapemy or NATURAL ScreNces, LOGAN OCrecLe, PHILADELPHIA Issued December, 1924 : BARTONIA PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB No. 8 PHILADELPHIA, PA. 1924 Stewardson Brown WITMER STONE* While technical knowledge and activity in research are admittedly necessary for the successful progress of a club such as ours there would be no club were it not for further qualities exhibited in the membership. There must be personalities that hold us together—that inspire respect and affection and weld bonds of friendship that will not yield with the lapse of time. Stewardson Brown possessed such qualities in a marked degree and it is no detriment to his scientific knowledge to say that it will be in this connection that his memory will be cherished in the years to come by those whose privilege it was to be associated with him. And in the promotion of good- fellowship and in the cheerful and unselfish aid that he ren- dered to all, lies perhaps his greatest service to the Philadel- phia Botanical Club. I first became acquainted with Brown in the autumn of 1877. I had entered the Germantown Academy, and found among the other new boys who were to be my classmates, the * Reprinted, with slight alterations, from ‘‘Cassinia’’ for 1920-21. 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE late Amos P. Brown, sometime Professor of Mineralogy and Geology in the University of Pennsylvania. Living not far from one another we became close friends, and through him I met his brother Stewardson, a few years his junior. The family of seven sons and two daughters resided with their parents at ‘‘Restalrig,’? one of the Logan properties near Wayne Junction, adjoining on the south the famous home- stead ‘‘Stenton,’’ rich in historic associations. It lay on the extreme eastern edge of Germantown and beyond it stretched miles of open country, with delightful bits of woodland here and there, and the Wingohocking Creek, then a clear open stream, flowing not far away. The surroundings were ideal for the development of a love for natural history; and the atmosphere of the home equally so. There was a general interest in out-door life in the family, and a love of hunting and fishing on the part of the father and elder brothers. A gun closet in the hall was ever ready to furnish the means of securing any rare bird that visited the neighborhood, while many mounted specimens graced the bookcases in the parlor. And life there was not bound about by narrow restrictions such as some parents feel it necessary to impose. There were flower beds, shrubbery, orchards and a large old-fashioned vegetable garden with a grape wall, and extensive hotbeds. In this enclosure each of the boys, so long as they desired, had a small patch of his own where flowers and early vege- tables were raised. In this environment Stewardson Brown was born April 29, 1867, and here he resided until the family moved to East Penn St., Germantown, in 1900. He naturally developed an interest in nature, and a love of out-door sports—cricket, baseball, etc., for which ample opportunity was offered without leaving his home grounds. Especially however, was he attached to the garden and from constant association with the gardeners he attained at an early age a knowledge of cultivated and wild plants, trees and shrubs which formed the foundation of his later career. PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 3 Stewardson was the fifth son of Amos P. and Frances Brown and was descended from Henry Brown who emigrated from England to Haverhill, Mass., in 1639. One of his grand- mothers was Elizabeth Stewardson, sister of Dr. Thomas Stewardson, an eminent physician, scientist and botanist of his time, and from the Stewardsons doubtless came the strong interest in natural history so manifest in Stewardson Brown as well as in his brother Amos. We three boys had very many interests in common—a love of nature, of music and of out-door athletic exercises—and we became inseparable companions. Indeed for a period of more than ten years we spent almost our entire spare time at Restalrig or in the immediate vicinity mainly in collecting and studying specimens of plants, animals and minerals. Steward- son was preeminently the botanist of the party and Amos the geologist, although we each absorbed a healthy amount of knowledge upon all branches of natural history. In 1882 in conjunction with my late brother Frederick D. Stone, Jr., and Brown’s younger brothers, Herbert and Francis H., we formed the ‘‘Wilson Natural Science Association”’ which met in our house where a room had been transformed into a museum for the housing of our collections; and here weekly sessions were held and papers read with all the formal- ity of a more serious organization. While our activities were admittedly very local in seope, I have since been impressed with the admirable basis that they afforded for our future work, better, I am inclined to think, than would have been derived from less concentrated work over a wider field. Our aim was to become familiar with all of the animal and plant life of that part of Germantown as well as the minerals and rocks, and I think we nearly succeeded. For several seasons Stewardson and his brothers spent the months of July and August with an aunt at Pt. Pleasant, N. J., and there he became acquainted with the wonderful flora of the Pine Barrens as well as with the shore birds, marsh finches, gulls and fish-hawks, and with new and rare insects, washed up on the beach and the shore of the Manasquan River, and many 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE were the additions to our museum from this source. Together we visited my ancestors’ homestead in central Chester Co., Pa., and in 1886 ‘spent a week at York Furnace on the lower Sus- quehanna where we found a still different fauna and flora. After leaving school in 1885, Stewardson Brown entered the offices of the Lehigh Valley Railroad where he remained until 1900 when he accepted the position of Assistant Curator at the Academy of Natural Science in charge of the herbarium, and there his real scientific career began. The writer became connected with the Academy as early as March, 1888, and almost immediately Stewardson had begun to visit the institution becoming a member on January 27, 1891. He soon made the acquaintance of Dr. J. Bernard Brinton who was at that time heading a party of younger botanists on Sunday and holiday collecting trips to points in the neighborhood of Philadelphia. n these excursions he met many of the men with whom he later became closely associated in the activities of the Botan- ical Section of the Academy and the Philadelphia Botanical Club. This Club was organized in 1892 by Dr. Brinton and the coterie of young botanists that he had brought together. Brown was the first secretary and in later years became the president. His first interest had always been botany and the service he rendered the Academy in caring for the herbarium during a critical period of its history when the volunteer workers of earlier years were passing away and the entire arrangement of the collection and method of supervision had to be completetly revised, will probably never be fully realized. During his years of service in the herbarium he made the acquaintance of many botanists of other institutions, notably Dr. N. L. Britton who became a close personal friend. Brown also became affil- iated with other societies, being elected a member of the Tor- rey Botanical Club, the Botanical Society of America and the American Association for the Advancement of Science, as as Professor of Botany to the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society and lecturer on botany in the Ludwick Institute Courses, PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 5 _ He had a charm of character and a magnetism that drew to him many persons interested in plant life, beginners as well as those advanced in the study, and he soon took the place that Dr. Brinton had earlier filled as the head of those whose activi- ties kept the Botanical Club in continued operation. He was editor of the Club’s annual publication Bartonia, and spared no effort to make the meetings attractive and instructive. In the early days of the Club he introduced the members to the lower Susquehanna Valley which he had visited in former years, and later on made tours of Pike and Wayne and Somer- set Counties, Pennsylvania, with C. F. Saunders the well- known botanical author, while with the writer he explored many parts of the New Jersey Pine Barrens. ~_In 1904 he visited the Florida Keys with H. W. Fowler, and in 1906 and again in 1908, traveled through the Canadian Rockies with Mrs. Chas. Schaffer, making valuable collections upon which was based his well-known volume on the flora of that region which was illustrated by reproductions of Mrs. Shaffer’s paintings. A few years previously he published, in conjunction with Dr. Ida A. Keller, a handbook of the flora of Philadelphia and vicinity which was largely used in the city high schools. In 1910 Brown accompanied his brother to Jamaica and in 1911 was botanist on an expedition to Trini- dad and Venezuela, organized by Mr. Francis E. Bond, one of his old schoolmates. He also made trips to Bermuda in 1905, 1909, 1912, 1913 and 1914 and to Porto Rico in 1915 in company with Dr. N. L. Britton. On all of these expeditions valuable collections were obtained which greatly enriched the Academy’s herbarium, while Brown’s knowledge of plants was vastly extended. The con- stant care of the herbarium and his devotion to horticulture made him familiar with many exotics and the knowledge ob- tained in the tropies only increased his ability to identify specimens on sight—an ability which he possessed to a remark- able degree. This sort of botanical knowledge always appealed to him much more than the differentiation of the unlimited races and varieties of the present-day specialist. 6 PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB Brown ’s interest in birds was only second to that in plants. . In our school days in Germantown we learned the local birds together and the first specimen of many a species to grace our cabinet was secured by Stewardson. He became thoroughly familiar with all the local species in their various plumages and was a most accurate field ornithologist. We jointly com- piled during these years the migration record for Germantown which went to the U. 8. Dept. of Agriculture. The Delaware Valley Ornithological Club was founded soon after I came to the Academy and moved its meeting place to this institution in 1891. Brown was elected an Associate on October 6 of that year and became an Active Member January 7, 1897; served as Treasurer 1901-1907; as Vice-President 1908-12; and as President 1913-1915. He became an Associate of the Ameri- can Ornithologists’ Union in November, 1895, and took a prominent part in arranging for and managing the several meetings that were held in Philadelphia. His technical contributions as we have already said were by no means the full measure of his worth to our Club. His cheerful smile and cordial greeting, his constant attendance at meetings so long as health permitted, and his never-failing assumption of responsibilities and proffer of assistance—these were the qualities that remain indelibly in our memory, quali- ties as precious as they are rare. ' Jt is distressing to see so active a career cut short as was his by the serious illnesses which beset him in 1913 and 1915-1916 and by the accident that befell him in 1920 and culminated in his death on March 14, 1921. And yet the manly way in which he faced the inevitable and the continued cheerfulness with which he turned to find enjoyment in the limited field of his garden, where the cultivation of flowers and the study of such casual birds as came there had to take the place of trips farther afield, could not help but inspire greater respect and oe for him in the hearts of those of us who knew him Rhythmic or Seasonal Appearance of Orchids JOHN W. HARSHBERGER On August 9, 1916, the writer with a class of botanical stu- dents from the Marine Laboratory at Cold Spring Harbor took an excursion across the Hempstead Plain from Westbury, Long Island, to Meadow Brook, then an unusually good bot- anizing ground. Soon after reaching the center of the plain our attention was directed to the great abundance of an orange-fiowered orchid, which proved to be Habenaria ciliaris. It was found in the drier ground literally by the thousands. Excursions taken in subsequent years over the same ground and at about the same time did not enable us to secure any specimens the first two or three summers, but in 1920 and 1921 a few specimens were obtained in a locality to the east of Westbury, near Hicksville, Long Island, and on the Hemp- stead Plain. Was the great abundance of the yellow fringed orchid due to a rhythmic development of the plant, or was it due to the peculiarly favorable climatic, or seasonal con- ditions, that prevailed a few weeks prior to August, 1916? Another case may be cited. On May 12, 1923, a botanical class from the University of Pennsylvania visited the hills at Gulph, Pennsylvania. On one of the slopes of the south- facing hill hundreds of the orchid, Pogonia verticillata, were found in all stages of development and the old capsules of the year 1922 also in considerable abundance. The writer does not recollect to have seen this orchid so strongly developed numerically in all of his botanical experience. Is this a case of rhythm, or of seasonal propitiousness? No doubt there are members of the Philadelphia Botanical Club who can cite in- stances of similar import. Phenologieal observations, such as were made by Thomas Mikesell, would yield interesting information, if some local botanist would undertake to keep such a record uninterrupt- edly during a life time. In order to point the way, it may be well to note that the phenological record of Thomas Mikesell, or as much of it as has been preserved, will be found in Sup- plement No. 2, Monthly Weather Review, Weather Bureau, U. S. Dept. Agriculture, September 4, 1915. (7) Edible Greens GEORGE JOHNSON The country folk use a number of plants, which they find growing wild in the swamps, woods and fields, as greens. These are cooked the same as greens which are found in the markets. In the spring, leaves of Erythronium americanum are gathered in great quantities. Portulaca oleracea and Cirsium pumilum are also used. The latter is gathered when the rosettes are small and the spines have not become prickles. The German folk are particularly fond of these rosettes. In some sections the fronds of Osmunda cinnamomea and O. claytoniana, when six or eight inches high, are gathered and used the same as asparagus. Sometimes these are bunched and sold in the markets. Phytolacca decandra is a plant par- ticularly sought. This is cut when about six inches high, bunched and offered for sale in the markets. Great quantities are offered in the commission market here in Chester. Caltha palustris is the one that is most offered for sale in the markets ‘‘down East.’’ This is gathered when in bloom, and flowers and leaves are sold by the bushel. Most of the species of Asclepias are also used. These are gathered when about six inches high, or just about the time they may be readily broken off. Rumex crispus and Taraxacum need no more than mention. The bulbs of Arisaema triphyllum and Claytonia virginica are really very palatable when boiled. The flavor is not unlike that of the turnip. The leaves of Oxalis acetosella and Rumez acetosella are used where a piquant salad is de- sired. The seeds of Malva rotundifolia will give the same mucilaginous consistency to soups or stews as when gumbo is used. It may be news to some to know that the humming bird lines its nest with the down that is on the fronds of Osmunda. For the benefit of those who are subject to contact poison from Rhus toxicodendron or R. vernix, a tea made from Impatiens biflora and taken a few days before exposure to either of these plants, will render one immune. This has been tested and known to be a fact. (8) The Pollination of Two Tidewater Scrophulariaceae FRANCIS W. PENNELL Three times I had visited the sandy tidal shore of the Dela- ware River above Delair, Camden County, New Jersey, in the hope of finding the peculiar little Scrophulariacea, Hémian- thus micranthus (Pursh), with opened flowers. Although I always found the plants with buds and young fruits, each time I had failed to find the open corollas and each time I thought that the conditions at the hour of my short visit must have been unfavorable. I knew however that Nuttall, who had very carefully described and illustrated this plant (under the name of Hemianthus micranthemoides Nutt.) in 1817 in the first volume of the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sci- ences, had noted and figured the corollas as curiously incoiled. I knew, on the other hand, that all the remaining species of this genus, none of which grow within tidewater, however— Hemianthus glomeratus (Chapm.) of southern Florida, H. callitrichoides Griseb. of the West Indies, ete—bore well- developed corollas which I had repeatedly seen fully expanded on the dried specimens examined. Never having seen open corollas of our local micranthus even in the herbarium made me the more desirous of finding them. So on September 11, 1923, I once more visited the tidal shore above Delair. The morning was ideal with scarcely a cloud in the sky; low tide occurred between 8:00 and 9:00 A. M. and the in- coming high tide was not noted until after 11:00 A. M.; the conditions were perfect for affording light, warmth and suffi- cient freedom from water to permit of the ready flowering of the plants that grow between high and low tide-levels. Again (9) 10 PROCEEDINGS OF THE I found Hemianthus micranthus, but although I waited until the water came up to cover it the corollas did not expand but remained incurled and scarcely looser than as if the plant were only in bud. Obviously, the flower of this species does not open more than had been observed by Nuttall over a cen- tury ago. Yet, it was evident that it was setting fruit suc- cessfully, and the conclusion seemed reasonable that the flower must pollinate itself. Many times more abundant than the Hemianthus on the tidal fiat at Delair is the broad-leaved form of Ilysanthes which I described in 1919 as I. dubia inundata Pennell. Opened corollas of this were also a desideratum, and I watched it closely. The plant was so plentiful that I must have observed thousands of its flower-buds and young fruits. But the watch was no more successful. The tide came in and covered the plants deep under water yet not a single corolla had opened! Indeed, in Ilysanthes I had singular proof that the flowers do not expand, as in the latter part of the morning the unopened corollas were frequently seen dropping from the calyces. Yet the species, Ilysanthes dubia (L.) which grows in swamps inland, regularly bears expanded corollas nor have I ever seen the corollas fall without opening. Ilysanthes dubia inundata was setting fruit abundantly, and it seemed clear that here was a very successful case of self-pollination. When one considers the peculiar conditions under which these two plants live, the development of the habit of self- pollination seems a singularly fitting adaptation. Twice dur- ing each day of twenty-four hours they are exposed to the air and possibly to insects, and twice submerged beneath water. Moreover these periods of emergence occur at different times during the day and night, through a monthly cycle, while many plants and doubtless their insect-pollinators are active normally only during a definite part of each day. Probably also, the small insects that would visit such small flowers as those of Hemianthus and Ilysanthes do not fly far and would seareely be apt to canvas with any thoroughness an extensive tidal flat between tides. Hence to these Serophulariaceae and PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB A | doubtless also to many other small-flowered plants of these flats self-pollination would be of very material advantage. With this thought in mind it would be of much interest to investigate the flora of these flats with care. Small and ineon- spicuous-flowered members of families which normally have large and conspicuous, insect-pollinated flowers, are always under suspicion of being derivative species perpetuating to- day either by wind or by self-pollination. Another abundant plant of the Delair flat is Jsnardia palustris, closely akin to the conspicuous Epilobiums; in Isnardia the four stamens habitually ineurve and deposit their burdens of pollen firmly against the large stigma. Hriocaulon parkeri Robinson was also seen, and the tight heads of this, with the styles closely growing against the flower-cluster, suggest that this may be really a tidewater derivative of E. septangulare With. The problem of the pollination of these plants of tidal flats is but one of many now ealling for volunteers in what should prove a most productive, as well as most fascinating, field of botan- ical investigation. Some Changes in the Aspect of the List of the Philadelphia Flora BAYARD LONG The most recent comprehensive local flora covering the Philadelphia area (in greater part) is Mr. Norman Taylor’s Flora of the Vicinity of New York, published in 1915. Since that date, it is almost needless to say that there has been added to the flora of this district a constantly increasing number of alien species introduced and the usual series of indigenous species which continued exploration of any region brings forth. The reidentification of misnamed material in the course of critical studies also has added some new names. But the aspect of the local flora list has been modified espe- cially by many changes in plant-names due to taxonomic and nomenclatorial studies. In some part these are the results of a more critical delimitation of species, and denote plants which have long been long confused with other species, but whic now, because of the work of various students, are to be recog- nized as distinct. In other part they are due to a reexamina- tion of the type material or a recent study of the original de- scription. Again, the cause may be the finding of overlooked names in obscure or neglected works, and the consequent action of priority. Any or all of these causal elements may enter into a case of name-change, depending largely upon its scope or complexity. The simple case of an earlier name being found for a plant of course changes only one name. But the reidentification of a type specimen or the reinterpretation of an original description will cause changes in the names of two plants. While, if in addition, critical segregation of species is found necessary there may occur three or more (12 ) PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 13 changes. These plants may bear old names brought forth from obscurity, or ones new to science. These names thus appear, as yet, only in journals, or in part in the more recent floras of other local areas, and have largely escaped the attention of our Philadelphia amateurs who are dependent chiefly upon the current manuals—the New Gray’s Manual of 1908 and Britton and Brown’s Illus- trated Flora of 1913 (both unfortunately beginning to show age). It would seem of some value to attempt to bring to- gether for ready reference some of the more important and more firmly established of these plant-names—especially those relating to plants which are most liable to be met by the gen- eral collector and either fail of identification or suffer misnaming. he number of changes proposed in the names of our plants in even the short period of less than ten years, is so very con- siderable that in a brief account of some of them, such as this, no attempt has been made to consider generic or varietal changes, important and interesting as many of them are, but only some of the more generally accepted alterations in spe- cific names. The general basis for the inclusion of any name in the following list is its recognition since the appearance of Taylor’s Flora (or its lack of proper recognition in that work). Besides the reference to the original place of description or the recent discussion of the plant, there is given a brief indi- cation of the critical points involved in each case and the reasons necessitating a change. A few cases are inserted of corrected identifications which have added unfamiliar names to our flora. BoTtRYCHIUM ANGUSTISEGMENTUM (Pease & Moore) Fernald Fernald, Rhodora 17: 87. 1915 Careful study by Fernald of the American plant which was segregated several years ago as B. lanceolatum var. angusti- segmentum Pease & Moore shows that it differs in essentially all its characters from B. lanceolatum as well as belongs to a 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE quite distinct life-zone. True B. lanceolatum is a subarctic and arctic-alpine species while B. angustisegmentum is a plant of our rich deciduous Appalachian forests. PTERETIS NODULOSA (Michx.) Nieuwl. Nieuwland, Am. Mid. Nat. 3: 194. 1914 Fernald, Rhodora 17: 161. 1915 The uniting of the American Ostrich Fern with the Euro- pean has been general and unquestioned for many years, but Fernald’s investigation of the two plants shows them to dif- fer in nearly all details and to be quite isolated from each other. The earliest name for our plant is Onoclea nodulosa Michx. Nieuwland has shown that the earliest valid name for the Ostrich Ferns is the obscurely published Pteretis of Rafinesque. PTERIDIUM LATIUSCULUM (Desv.) Maxon Maxon, Am. Fern Journ, 9: 43. 1919 Our eastern Braken, commonly called P. aquilinum, is con- sidered by Maxon to differ sufficiently from the European type in characters of blade and indusium to be recognized as a dis- tinet species. It was long ago differentiated by Desvaux as Pteris latiuscula. POLYPODIUM VIRGINIANUM L, Fernald, Rhodora 24: 125. 1922 A detailed study of Polypodium vulgare L. in North Amer- ica by Fernald clearly demonstrates that our common Poly- podium is: not identical with P. vulgare (by Linnaeus re- stricted exclusively to Europe) but is a distinet species, which was designated by Linnaeus as P. virginianum. There are ex- cellent distinguishing characters in the rootstock and its seales, the pinnae and their veining, and the position of the sori. _ SELAGINELLA apopa (L.) Fernald Fernald, Rhodora 17: 68. 1915 Fernald has discovered that our common species was named Lycopodium apodum by Linnaeus. Spring, in transferring PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 15 it to Selaginella as S. apus took the liberty of altering the specific name, but certainly apus is not the feminine form of a neuter apodum. The correct name should be reassigned to the plant. POTAMOGETON FILIFORMIS Pers. St. John, Rhodora 18: 121. 1916 St. John’s work on certain pond-weeds shows the local oc- currence of an unsuspected species. Our plant, var. borealis (Raf.) St. John, has been confused with P. pectinatus—from which it differs in its sessile stigma and beakless fruit. It occurs in Cedar Creek, near Allentown, Pennsylvania, and should be sought elsewhere in calcareous waters. NaJAS GUADALUPENSIS (Spreng.) Morong Fernald, Rhodora 25: 107. 1923 In studying the species of Najas in northeastern America Fernald finds that the austral N. guadalupensis has a much wider range northward than has been supposed. It occurs at several stations in the local area. It has been confused with N. flexilis but is readily distinguished by its shorter, stouter style and the opaque, clearly reticulated seed. VALLISNERIA AMERICANA Michx. Fernald, Rhodora 20: 108. 1918 Because of marked differences in the spathe and scape of the staminate inflorescence, Fernald points out that we should recognize the American plant as distinct from the European Vallisneria spiralis L.—the traditional name of the plant. Its range further indicates the unlikelihood of its identity with the Old World plant. EcHINOCHLOA MuRICATA (Michx.) Fernald Fernald, Rhodora 17: 105. 1915 Wiegand, Rhodora 23: 49. 1921 An indigenous species is to be separated from the introduced E. Crusgalli, following the critical work on the group by Fernald. The native American plant was first recognized by 16 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Michaux as Panicum muricatum. It differs in having the trichomes of the spikelet divergent, coarser and stiffer, with a pustular base, giving the inflorescence a very bristly appear- ance. In true EL. Crusgalli the hairs are fine, appressed and not thickened at the base. CHAETOCHLOA LUTESCENS (Weigel) Stuntz Stuntz, U. 8. Bur. Pl. Ind. Inv. Seeds 31: 36 and 86. 1914 It is pointed out by Stuntz that Panicum glaucum L. should be applied to the pearl millet which has been called Penni- setum americanum (L.) Schum. The oldest available name for the Yellow Foxtail, commonly known as Chaetochloa (or Setaria) glauca, is Panicum lutescens Weigel. CHAETOCHLOA GENICULATA (Lam.) Millsp. & Chase Hitchcock, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 168. 1920 This name is now taken up by Hitchcock for our common perennial Foxtail, recently referred to C. imberbis. It would appear that our plant is inseparable from the widely dis- tributed tropical C. geniculata. CENCHRUS PAUCIFLORUS Benth. Chase, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 22: 67. 1920 The name C. carolinianus Walt. has been applied to this plant for some years. But, according to Chase, Walter’s diag- nosis does not agree with its characters, the type specimen is nonexistent, and it has not been found in Walter’s region. Consequently, the name cannot be applied with certainty and is to be rejected. A name of Bentham’s is taken up as the earliest available. MUHLENBERGIA FOLIOSA (R. & S.) Trin. Seribner, Rhodora 9: 19. 1907 Weatherby, Rhodora 19: 109. 1917 This is a well marked species confused especially with M. minutely puberulent below the nodes. (The culms in M. mexicana are smooth throughout.) It occurs in natural swales PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 17 and swamps and has none of the weed-character of M. mez- icana. It was brought to attention by F. Lamson-Scribner some years ago but has not received the recognition it deserves. AGROSTIS PALUSTRIS Huds. Piper, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bull. 692: 2. 1918 Hitchcock, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bull. 772: 128. 1920 According to Piper and to Hitchcock the name Agrostis alba L. is of doubtful application and should be dropped. It is believed that in the original publication the name is founded solely on a citation referring to a Poa (apparently P. nemo- ralis). The next oldest name satisfactorily identified is that of Hudson. AGROSTIS ANTECEDENS Bicknell Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 35: 473. 1908 This segregate from A. hiemalis, proposed by a most dis- criminating botanist, deserves more careful consideration than it has yet received. Among many technical characters it dif- fers in the branches of the panicle arising well above the middle and in having smaller spikelets more clustered at the ends of short branchlets. The flowering period is distinctive ; it begins to bloom in May—while A. hiemalis rarely flowers before July. AMMOPHILA BREVILIGULATA Fernald Fernald, Rhodora 22: 70. 1920 The common Beach Grass of Atlantic America, which has been universally identified with Ammophila arenaria of Europe, is, Fernald discovers, a thoroughly distinct species. It differs in essentially all its technical characters, the most striking of which is its short, rounded coriaceous ligule (in the European plant very prolonged, lance-attenuate and searious). It seems not to have been previously name SPARTINA ALTERNIFLORA Loisel. Fernald, Rhodora 18: 179. 1916 It is shown by Fernald that our American plant united by some with the European VS. stricta is quite unlike it in many - 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE definite characters, but that the northern form is, however, inseparable from European material of S. alterniflora Loisel. This latter name should be taken up for our species instead of the later published S. glabra Muhl. (the southern form), as has been maintained by others. ERAGROSTIS CILIANENSIS ( All.) Link. Lutati, Malpighia 18: 380. 1904 Hubbard, Philipp. Journ. oF Bot. 8: 159. 1913 The oldest valid name, following the investigation of F. Viguolo Lutati (and as further pointed out by Hubbard) for the species called E. megastachya (or E. major) is Poa cilia- nensis All, ERAGROSTIS CAROLINIANA (Spreng.) Seribn. Scribner, Mem. Torr. Bot. Club 5: 49. 1895 Ascherson and Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur, Fl. 21: 374. 1900 The Poa caroliniana of Sprengel is now rather generally conceded to be properly identified with the later-published (and familiar) Eragrostis Purshii Schrad. This was the opin- ion of Scribner expressed some years ago. ERAGROSTIS PEREGRINA Wiegand Wiegand, Rhodora 19: 93. 1917 Long, Rhodora 21: 133. 1919 The recognition first by Wiegand of the specific distinctness of this grass has brought to attention a very clearly marked plant. The absence of auricular hairs on the upper sheaths, the dense panicle and short pedicels easily separate it from E. pilosa and E. caroliniana. Poa cuspipata Nutt. Merrill, Rhodora 4: 145. 1902 Some years ago Merrill showed that Nuttall’s name was the proper one for the grass called P. brevifolia or P. brachy- phylla, and it is now being taken up by grass students. There is an added interest in the case to Philadelphia botanists be- cause Nuttall’s plant was found ‘‘on the high rocks bordering PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 19 the Schuylkill at Lemon-hill, and also on those a mile south of the falls, frequent.’’ (Barton. Fl. Phila. 1: 61.) Poa PALUSTRIS L. Ascherson and Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 21: 416. 1900 It is pointed out by Ascherson and Graebner that Poa palus- tris L. is unquestionably the same as the plant called P. tri- flora Gilib. and has many years’ priority. This view is ac- cepted in the more recent European works. PANICULARIA MELICARIA (Michx.) Hitche. Hitchcock, Contr. U. 8. Nat. Herb. 12: 149. 1908 A study of the type specimen of Panicum melicarium Michx. by Hitchcock has shown it to be the plant known recently as Panicularia Torreyana (Spreng.) Merr. The older name of Michaux must be accepted for our species. BRoMus ALtissimus Pursh Wiegand, Rhodora 24: 89. 1922 In a recent study of Bromus ciliatus and its immediate allies Wiegand demonstrates that B. incanus (B. purgans incanus) has all the technical characters of B. altissimus, being sep- arable from it only by the pubescence on the sheaths and nodes. Our late-blooming plant should be referred to B. altissimus Pursh, or B. altiss. f. incanus (Shear) Wiegand. It is not to be confused with the early-flowering B. purgans L. ELyMus RIPARIUS Wiegand Wiegand, Rhodora 20: 84. 1918 Much of the previous difficulty in Elymus has been due to the failure to recognize this species recently deseribed by Wie- gand. For years it has formed a large portion of the material passing as E. canadensis. It is an exceedingly well-marked plant with straight awns, narrow glumes and glabrous foliage, of frequent oceurrence in rich wooded habitats of the Pied- mont region, especially along streams. 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ELyMus Rosustus Scribn. & J. G. Smith Wiegand, Rhodora 20: 89. 1918 E. canadensis seems to be probably identified, Wiegand states, with a Canadian plant having broad, thin leaves, vil- lous above. Our plant with firm, smooth leaves becoming in- volute, which has been passing under this name, he is unable to separate from EF. robustus, a species previously not con- sidered to extend so far east. ELEOCHARIS CAPITATA (L.) R. Br. Blake, Rhodora 20: 23. 1918 Scirpus capitatus L. was based almost entirely upon a Gro- novian reference which in turn is based upon a Clayton speci- men in the British Museum. Blake has examined this material and finds that it is the plant now known as Eleocharis tenuis (Willd.) Schultes. The familiar name of our common sedge must now fall into synonomy. FIMBRISTYLIS MUCRONULATA (Michx.) Blake Blake, Rhodora 20: 24. 1918 Scirpus autumnalis L. was based solely upon a Clayton number well represented in both the Linnaean Herbarium and the Clayton Herbarium. According to Blake this is the plant known in recent years as F. Frankii Steud. (or F. geminata (Nees.) Kunth.). The name Fimbristylis autumnalis (L.) R. & S. must accordingly be transferred to this species. The oldest name for the plant long erroneously so called seems to be Scirpus mucronulatus Michx. RYNCHOSPORA MACROSTACHYA Torr. Fernald, Rhodora 20: 138. 1918 Upon the basis of heretofore overlooked characters, Fernald has further attested the specific distinctness of R. macro- stachya from R. corniculata, with which it has been united PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 21 RYNCHOSPORA INUNDATA (Oakes) Fernald Fernald, Rhodora 20: 138. 1918 In his study of the large-fruited series of Rynchosporas Fernald shows conclusively that the plant formerly called R. macrostachya var. inundata is a distinet species. It differs constantly from both R. macrostachya and R. corniculata in marked vegetative as well as fruit characters. RYNCHOSPORA CAPITELLATA (Michx.) Vahl. Blake, Rhodora 20: 25. 1918 The Clayton specimen on which is based the Gronovian cita- tion for Schoenus glomeratus L. is the southern plant which was named Rynchospora paniculata by Gray and has of late years been treated as a variety of R. glomerata. This plant is found by Blake to have numerous constant characters and to be worthy of specific recognition. The name R. glomerata (L.) Vahl. must be restricted to it. The first name which can be taken up for the more northern species which has long passed for R. glomerata seems to be Schoenus capitellatus Michx. CaREX CoNvoLUTA Mackenzie Mackenzie, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 43: 423. 1916 Mackenzie has found that there are three well marked plants ineluded under C. rosea, as commonly treated. He identifies true rosea with a wide-ranging rather slender plant having long, straight, not twisted stigmas, and radiata with a very slender Alleghenian plant having short and twisted stigmas. There is a third plant, common and widely distributed, which is much stouter than these two. It has wide leaves and short, stout, twisted stigmas and has been named appropriately C. convoluta by Mackenzie. CAREX CONTIGUA Hoppe Mackenzie, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 50: 346. 1923 Mackenzie maintains, in convincing argument, that the name Carex muricata L. is to be taken up for the plant re- ferred to (©. stellulata Good. and more recently C. echinata 22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Murr. With this disposition of the name our introduced species which has been passing for C. muricata has become C. contigua Hoppe. CaREX TENERA Dewey Mackenzie, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 42: 603. 1915 From the complex of forms included under Carex straminea in our manuals Mackenzie has separated out as genuine C. straminea Willd. a plant with obovate perigynia and a south- erly range. Another plant with ovate perigynia and a more northerly range also proves to be well marked. This is the plant that was described by Dewey as C. tenera. It enters the northern edge of our local area. CAREX BREVIOR (Dewey) Mackenzie Mackenzie, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 42: 604. 1915 Mackenzie has demonstrated that the genuine Carex fes- tucacea Schkuhr is a close ally of C. straminea Willd. (with which it has been confused) and not the plant with large perigynia (over 4 mm. long) described under the name in recent manuals. C. festucacea is retained by Mackenzie (in a new sense) as a valid species and to the large fruited plant the name C. brevior has been applied CaREX CUMULATA (Bailey) Mackenzie Mackenzie, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 49: 364. 1922 The plant deseribed by Bailey as C. straminea var. cumulata (and in recent years placed under C. albolutescens) is shown by Mackenzie to have several constant and well-marked points of difference as well as a distinctive range, and is clearly -en- titled to specific rank. Its perigynia are nerveless ventrally, which character readily distinguishes it from C. albolutescens of the manual descriptions. Carex Lonen Mackenzie Mackenzie, Bull, Torr. Bot. Club 49: 372. 1922 The attention of pingnenie bas been directed by. Long to the fact that the typ WU OW RIV EL YY Ws saey PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 23 in the Philadelphia Academy, is C. straminea Willd. Study of the case has shown that it was necessary to give a new name to this characteristic coastal plant, for years erroneously identified. Carex Ricum (Fernald) Mackenzie Mackenzie, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 49: 361. 1922 The inland relative of the salt marsh Carex hormathodes described by Fernald as var. Richi is well deserving of the specific rank recently accorded it by Mackenzie. It not only occurs in fresh water swamps and has a more restricted range but it has excellent diagnostic characters—the suborbicular spreading perigynia being perhaps the most distinctive. CAREX RUGOSPERMA Mackenzie Mackenzie, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 42: 621. 1915 A careful study of Schkuhr’s plate of Carex umbellata has convinced Mackenzie that Schkuhr had the plant with short- beaked perigynia, var. brevirostris Boott or C. abdita Bicknell of recent treatments. The plant with long beak, being with- out a name, has been renamed by Mackenzie. This view has received general acceptance. CaREX STRICTIOR Dewey Mackenzie, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 42: 405. 1915 A segregate from our common Tussock Sedge, Carex stricta, has been recognized by Mackenzie. This plant grows in great beds and does not form stools. It ean be readily recognized in the field but less easily from the usual run of herbarium specimens (without roots and stolons). This species is C. strictior Dewey. Carex MircHe.uiana M. A. Curtis Weatherby, Rhodora 25: 17. 1923 This name is taken up by Weatherby for a very interesting plant of the Coastal Plain and Piedmont which has been con- fused with C. crinita and its ally C. gynandra. It differs from these in its lenticular, granular perigynia and plane achenes. 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE JUNCUS SUBCAUDATUS (Engelm.) Coville & Blake Coville and Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 31: 45. 1918 The distinctive characters of this plant, both in habit and in seed, have been long recognized and, as Coville and Blake have commented, it is surprising that it has not been granted previously the specific recognition it undoubtedly deserves. POLYGONATUM PUBESCENS ( Willd.) Pursh Farwell, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 42: 247. 1915 Gates, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 44: 117. 1917 Farwell calls attention to the fact that Walter’s Convallaria biflora clearly calls for a plant with glabrous foliage. Poly- gonatum biflorum (Walt.) Ell. is thus the earliest name for the various forms of Solomon’s Seals with smooth leaves, for which the name P. commutatum has been in most common use recently. The plant (or the group) of forms) with leaves pubescent beneath must take up the very appropriate name of Willdenow. SMILAX PULVERULENTA Michx. Pennell, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 43: 420. 1916 This is a clearly distinct species which has been restored to its proper specific rank by Pennell. It is easily distinguished from 8S. herbacea by the green, shining, pulverulent under- surface of the leaves and the black berries. It blooms ten days to two weeks earlier than S. herbacea and has a much more restricted range. Dioscorea @LAuca Muhl. Bartlett, U. 8. Dept. Agr. Bull. 189: 17. 1910 This well marked southern species, long confused with D. villosa, has been restored to our recognition by the critical work of Bartlett. It differs in having a thick, knotted root- stock, the lower leaves in whorls of four to seven and the foliage glaucous beneath. It reaches our area in the lower Susquehanna Valley. PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 26 QUERCUS MAXIMA (Marsh.) Ashe Sargent, Rhodora 17: 39. 1915 Sargent, Rhodora 18: 45. 1916 From the critical study of the original description, plates and material concerned Sargent concludes that Quercus rubra L. is the name of the tree which has been commonly called Q. falcata Michx. (He notes that in the Southern States this is always called Red Oak!) Marshall’s name maxima seems to be the earliest clearly referring to our common northern Red Oak. QUERCUS MONTANA Willd. Sargent, Rhodora 17: 40. 1915 It seems necessary, following the arguments of Sargent, to restore the name Quercus Prinus L. to the tree commonly called Q. Michauxii Nutt. and adopt for the Rock Chestnut Oak the name of Q. montana Willd., the name used by Pursh, Gray and others. PoLYGONUM ROBUSTIUS (Small) Fernald Bicknell, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 36: 455. 1909 Fernald, Rhodora 23: 146. 1921 The plant described by Small as Polygonum punctatum var. robustius is clearly a definite species, as recognized by Bicknell and later by Fernald. It differs constantly, throughout an extended range, in vegetative as well as fruit characters and in a distinctly later flowering-season. It is readily distin- guished by its very robust habit and the greater size of all its parts. PoLyGonuM eLaucum Nutt. Fernald, Rhodora 15: 69. 1913 The Seaside Knotweed of the Atlantic United States, as brought out by Fernald, is to be distinguished from P. mari- timum of the Mediterranean region. Our plant is an annual with less stout branches, lower internodes longer, stipules shorter and achenes distinctly smaller; the Old World species is suffruticose. Nuttall early recognized the American plant as distinct. 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE SALICORNIA PERENNIS Mill. Standley, N. A. Fl. 21: 82. 1916. Standley, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 44: 426. 1917 The common perennial Salicornia of the Atlantic coast was not distinguished by the early writers from the Old World species, but in recent years all American botanists have recog- nized the American plant as distinct, under the name S. am- bigua Michx. Standley, the most recent monographer of the family, can find no character by which to distinguish S. am- bigua from the common Old World plant now called S. perennis. HEPATICA AMERICANA (DC.) Ker. Fernald, Rhodora 19: 45. 1917 Our American plant commonly called Hepatica triloba has long been known to possess smaller flowers and rounder-lobed leaves than the European species with which it has been iden- tified. With the discovery by Fernald of distinctive achene characters it seems that our plant is an endemic American species. Its earliest specific name proves ee to be H. americana. AMELANCHIER LAEVIS Wiegand Wiegand, Rhodora 14: 137. 1912 It is now generally recognized, following Wiegand, that true Amelanchier canadensis is a plant having the leaves densely white-tomentose when young. There is an allied plant, well marked in having the leaves essentially glabrous from the first and longer pedicels. This has been named A. laevis by Wie- gand and should be distinguished from A. canadensis. PRUNUS DEPRESSA Pursh Fernald, Rhodora 25: 69. 1923 After careful investigation Fernald makes it clear that P. pumila L. is the upright, narrow-leaved shrub of the Great Lake region. He distinguishes this plant by various char- acters from the northeastern prostrate, trailing shrub of river PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 27 shores. For this latter plant, well known in our area, the appropriate name of Pursh is to be taken up. PRUNUS SUSQUEHANAE Willd. Fernald, Rhodora 25: 71. 1923 In studying the descriptions of the various Sand Cherries it becomes apparent, Fernald finds further, that the earliest and entirely valid name for the shrub which was described as P. cuneata by Rafinesque is P. susquehanae Willd. The plant is clearly designated in Willdenow’s description and is well known from the Susquehanna region. CROTONOPSIS ELLIPTICA Willd. Pennell, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 45: 477. 1918 True C. linearis Michx. has been shown by Pennell to be the southern plant redeseribed in 1895 by Nash as C. spinosa. Our more northern plant takes up the name C. elliptica Willd. ELATINE MINIMA (Nutt.) Fisch. & Meyer Fernald, Rhodora 19: 10. 1917 In a critical study of Elatine, Fernald demonstrates that we have two distinct species in the Atlantic States which have been passing under the customary name EZ. americana. These differ constantly not only in seed characters but in floral sym- metry and foliage. True EZ. americana is a plant character- istic of wet clayey banks and tidal flats, having larger, broader leaves and trimerous flowers. The other species, well de- scribed and illustrated by Nuttall as Crypta minima is our smaller plant of sandy or gravelly pond-margins, with narrow, sessile leaves. It has dimerous flowers. CircakEA LATIFOLIA Hill Fernald, Rhodora 17: 222. 1915 Fernald, Rhodora 19: 85. 1917 For many years the customary identification of our Ameri- can plant with the European ©. lutetiana has not been ques- tioned, but the older botanists recognized that it was not iden- tical with that species. Fernald has found that the plants 28 PROCEEDINGS OF THE differ in many important characters. They are also quite isolated geographically. Our species apparently was given a specific name as early as 1756 by John Hill. KNEIFFIA PERENNIS (L.) Pennell Pennell, Bull. Torr. Bot. Club 46: 372. 1919 Blake, Rhodora 25: 47. 1923 In a revision of Knetffia, Pennell has replaced the familiar K. pumila with K. perennis. The equation of Oenothera pumila L. (1762) and the older O. perennis L. (1759) had been made in the Index Kewensis but overlooked by all stu- dents of our northeastern flora. SIUM SUAVE Walt. Blake, Rhodora 17: 131. 1915 Walter’s species, although there is no verifying specimen so named in his herbarium, is evidently the same as Sium cicutae- folium J. F. Gmel., according to Blake, and has three years’ precedence. AZALEA ROSEA Loisel. Rehder, Pub. Arnold Arb. No. 9: 138. 1921 Small, N. A. Fl. 29: 42. 1914 True Azalea canescens Michx. is a plant of the southern Coastal Plain, as has been recognized by both Small and Rehder. The earliest name for the Alleghenian species which has been passing as A. canescens seems to be A. rosea of Loiseleur-Delongchamps. SABATIA DirFoRMIS (L.) Druce Blake, Rhodora 17: 50. 1915 The Clayton type of Swertia difformis L. has been examined by Blake in the British Museum and found to be the plant long known as Sabbatia lanceolata (Walt.) T. & G. Its iden- tity was early noted by Pursh but the name has failed here- tofore to be taken up. S. difformis must replace S. lanceolata. PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 29 GENTIANA CLAUSA Raf. _ Fernald, Rhodora 19: 147. 1917 There has long been difficulty in separating Gentiana Saponaria and G. Andrewsit. A study by Fernald has clearly demonstrated that the trouble lies in the failure to recognize a third distinct species, combining the foliage-characters of the latter with the corolla-characters nearly of the former. It has acuminate leaves, corolla with broad elongated lobes, calyx- lobes broad, and was described as G. clausa by Rafinesque. CuscUTA PENTAGONA Engelm. Yuncker, Univ. Ill. Biol. Monographs Nos. 2 and 3: 50. 1921 The name C. arvensis Beyrich (long applied to one of our common species) was published in synonomy without descrip- tion and is rejected by Yuncker, the present monographer of the group, for the properly published name of Engelmann. SCUTELLARIA EPILOBIIFOLIA Hamilton Fernald, Rhodora 23: 85. 1921 The American plant, as seen from Fernald’s study, differs strikingly from the European S. galericulata in its broader nutlets which are coarsely pebbled or almost warty, its larger, more showy corolla, and its more copious pubescence. The Old World plant has nutlets finely and sharply muriculate. SCROPHULARIA LANCEOLATA Pursh Pennell, Torreya 22: 81. 1922 In a recent discussion of the identity of Pursh’s Scrophu- laria lanceolata, Pennell concludes that the name is properly taken up for the plant which has been known as S. leporella Bicknell. The description is quite satisfactory but the well- known difficulty concerning the erroneous flowering-date given (that of S. marilandica) is considered by Pennell to be an unfortunate interchange of data which should not cause the name to be rejected. GRATIOLA NEGLECTA Torr. Blake, Rhodora 20: 65. 1918 Gratiola virginiana L. is based primarily upon a Clayton 30 PROCEEDINGS OF THE specimen in the British Museum. Blake finds this plant to be G. sphaerocarpa Ell. The name G. virginiana must now be used for this species and the plant which has long passed un- der the name must be called G. neglecta Torr. ILYSANTHES INAEQUALIS (Walt.) Pennell Pennell, Torreya 19: 149. 1919 A neglected name of Walter is considered by Pennell to be properly taken up for the long-peduncled plant in recent years ealled I. anagallidea (or erroneously I. dubia). LIMOSELLA SUBULATA Ives Fernald, Rhodora 20: 160. 1918 Pennell, Torreya 19: 30. 1919 ; The plant of Atlantic North America referred to Limosella aquatica, L. ag. v. tenuifolia or L. tenuifolia is shown by Fernald to be a distinet species. It was recognized as such by Ives in 1817 and described as L. subulata. L. aquatica is a characteristic European plant, found also in western North America, having leaves with definite blades and a rosette habit, and occurring in fresh habitats. L. subulata has no leaf blade, a closely matted and creeping habit, and occurs in saline or subsaline soils. Pennell has noted additional diagnostic char- acters. VERONICA PERSICA Poir. Farwell, Rhodora 21: 101. 1919 The name V. Tournefortti, recently come into use for the plant long known as V. Buxbaumit, is shown by Farwell to belong to a different species. V. persica Poir. seems to be the oldest name applicable. VIBURNUM AFFINE Bush. Blake, Rhodora 20: 11. 1918 Examination by Blake of the type of Aiton in the British Museum and also the Solander manuseript of the Hortus Kew- ensis shows that the name V. pubescens ( Ait.) Pursh must be applied to the species which was described by Britton as V. PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 31 venosum. The earliest clearly available name seems to be V. affine Bush (in actuality referring to the western form of the species). If it seems advisable to separate the eastern and western forms, our eastern plant is to be called V. affine var. hypomalacum Blake. SYMPHORICARPUS ALBUS (L.) Blake Blake, Rhodora 16: 117. 1914 In his examination of the Linnean Herbarium Blake has studied the type specimen of a species named Vaccinium album by Linnaeus and finds that it is the ornamental shrub cultivated under the name of Snowberry and almost uni- versally known as Symphoricarpus racemosus Michx. This garden plant, commonly escaping to roadsides, is more accu- rately 8. albus var. laevigatus (Fernald) Blake. PRENANTHES AUTUMNALIS Walt. Blake, Rhodora 17: 135. 1915 In his study of the Walter Herbarium, Blake notes that there is extant a good specimen of Prenanthes autumnalis alt. This is the plant known as P. virgata Michx. All au- thorities, including Michaux himself, have referred Walter’s species to P. virgata, Blake asserts, but have failed to adopt the prior name. TARAXACUM LAEVIGATUM (Willd.) DC. Sherff, Bot. Gaz. 40: 356. 1920 Recent examination of Willdenow’s original specimen of Leontodon laevigatum shows that it is the plant known in American literature as T. erythrospermum. Our common Red-seeded Dandelion must accordingly take up Willdenow’s earlier name. XANTHIUM CHINENSE Mill. Millspaugh and Sherff, Field Museum Bot. 4: 17. 1919 In a very interesting account of the history of this plant, Millspaugh and Sherff, in their revision of the genus, have shown that it originally came from Mexico (not China) and 32 PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB is a species common in that region as well as in our own area. It is the plant recently referred to X. canadense, X. ameri- canum or X. glabratum. XANTHIUM ITALICUM Mor. Millspaugh and Sherff, Field Museum Bot. 4: 40. 1919 Our common plant described by Britton as X. commune and so referred in all recent American treatments is identified by Millspaugh and Sherff with an Old World species. Their ex- haustive studies in the genus add much weight to this view. SoLIDAGO SUAVEOLENS Schoepf. Standley, Rhodora 21: 69. 1919 A name for the Sweet Goldenrod, antedating Aiton’s 8S. odora by a year, has been brought to attention by Standley. It occurs in an obscure book of early travel in America by Johann David Schoepf. Happily it is practically synonyomus with the long familiar name. GALINSOGA CILIATA (Raf.) Blake St. John and White, Rhodora 22: 97. 1920 Blake, Rhodora 24: 34. 1922 In 1916 Bicknell raised to specific rank the plant that had previously passed as G. parviflora var. hispida. In 1920 St. John and White thoroughly demonstrated its specific validity with the amplification of characters. Recently Blake has dis- covered that the plant was early recognized by Rafinesque. Notes on Some Local Plants and Their Soil Acidity EDGAR T. WHERRY OPHIOGLOSSUM VULGATUM MINUS (QO. ARENARIUM). In Stone’s ‘‘Plants of Southern New Jersey’’ (p. 122) three localities, all in the Coastal area, were given for this plant; it was regarded, however, as a mere form of drier exposed hab- itat, unworthy of nomenclatorial recognition. July 25, 1920, a colony of it was discovered near Whitesbog, three miles east of Browns Mills, in the Pine-barren area. The habitat was not dry nor exposed, but was a damp peaty meadow, mediacid in reaction, in which grew Sphagnum, Drosera, Oxycoccus, etc. The plants showed two, three, or even four stalks from each crown, their sterile blades being narrower and more acute than those of the typical species. Tests of O. vulgatum at many places have shown it to pre- fer minimacid or at most subacid soils, while those at the O. v. minus localities examined are mediacid. On the other hand, the soil on plants of O. engelmanni, kindly collected for me near St. Louis by Mr. Kellogg, of the Missouri Botanical Gar- den, proved to have a minimalkaline reaction. The suggestion is accordingly made that the differences between these several species, subspecies, or varieties (whichever they may be) have developed concurrently with adaptation to growth in soils of divergent reactions. This may be expressed graphically as follows: Soil reaction: Mediacid | Subacid | Minimacid | Neutral | Minimalkaline Original form Ophioglossum vulgatum v N“N 0. v. minum 0. engelmanni 34 PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB LILIUM SUPERBUM. In an essay on correlation between vege- tation and soil acidity in southern New Jersey (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sct. Phila., 1920, p. 117) the writer reported Lilium cana- dense aS growing in circumneutral soil (as normal for this species) at Lindenwold. Mr. Bayard Long has questioned this identification, stating that he has been able to find only L. superbum there. As the writer’s notes indicate that the iden- tity of the plants was not certain, it is probable that the occur- rence represented the commoner species, somewhat abnormal in aspect because of unfavorable soil reaction. SPIRANTHES GRACILIS. This orchid was not recorded from the Pine-barren area by Stone, but July 26, 1920, was found near Whitesbog in that province. It grew along a road in grassy open woods in soil of subacid to mediacid reaction, and may have been a recent arrival from the Marl area (‘‘ Middle District’’) a few miles to the west, although it appeared to be well established. HELENIUM TENUIFOLIUM. Among the weeds of calcareous (minimalkaline) waste places along railroads in the southern states, this bitterweed is one of the most characteristic. It was a surprise to find, in the summer of 1921, a plant of it in a like situation at Henderson Station, Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. A seed brought in on a railroad car was no doubt responsible. General Notes Death of Mr. MacElwee. On January 23, 1923, the Club suffered a severe loss in the death of its president, Alexander MacElwee. Mr. MacElwee was tireless in the Club’s behalf and in interesting others in our work. He was well acquainted with the Local Flora and had a wide knowledge of cultivated plants. An account of his life and botanical work is to appear in our next issue. Assistant in the Local Herbarium. Since February, 1922, Mr. George W. Bassett, long a member of the Club, has been assisting in the care of its growing herbarium. Mr. Bassett brings to this work a general knowledge of the Local Flora, particularly of southern New Jersey, and a special acquaint- ance with cultivated plants. Geographic Arrangement of Specimens. To facilitate the finding of data about the plants of any desired portion of our area the specimens of each species in the Local Herbarium are being arranged in a definite sequence of states and counties. The sequence adopted is as follows: New Jersey: Warren; Hunterdon; Mercer; Middlesex; Monmouth; Ocean; Burling- ton; Camden; Gloucester; Salem; Atlantic; Cumberland; Cape May. Prnnsyiyanta: Northampton; Lehigh; Berks; Bucks; Montgomery; Philadelphia; Delaware; Chester; Lan- easter; York. DeLaware: Newcastle. MaryLanp: Cecil. This task, begun four years ago by Mr. Long, is now nearing completion. Symposium to Alloway, New Jersey. During the past ten years the Club has participated in several symposiums jointly with the Torrey Botanical Club, of New York, the most recent ( 35 ) 36 PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB event being a three days’ outing over Labor Day, the week-end of August 30 to September 1, 1924. Excursions from Alloway were made to an interesting marl bed, to several attractive lakes, and into the pine-covered hills toward the Cohansey Creek. The portion of Salem County visited had been poorly represented in our Herbarium, and the plants obtained were proportionately valuable. Mr. Bassett acted as guide. Perkiomen Flora. ‘‘A Preliminary List of the Flora of the Perkiomen Region’’ has recently appeared, compiled by three members of our Club and based upon their field work. Dr. William A. Kline, Rev. T. Royce Brendle and Joseph R. Mum- bauer have brought together in a convenient booklet a list of the flowering plants and ferns of the valley with information of their habitats and local abundance. Such detailed studies are needed for many parts of the Club territory. Some Pennsylvania State Floras. Since our last issue sev- eral revised editions of J. S. Illick’s ‘‘Pennsylvania Trees,’’ (Bulletin No. 11 of the Department of Forestry of Pennsyl- vania) have appeared, the last being dated May 1, 1923. In May, 1924, E. M. Gress’s ‘‘The Grasses of Pennsylvania’’ was issued as General Bulletin 384 of the Pennsylvania Depart- ment of Agriculture. Both works contain keys and illustra- tions, in addition to ample descriptions. The detailed enumer- ation of counties for each species, attempted by the bulletin on grasses, reveals the fact that the wealth of material in our Herbarium has not been adequately utilized. Taylor’s Flora of the Vicinity of New York. As indicated in Mr. Long’s paper in this issue the last comprehensive flora of the larger portion of our Local Flora area was ‘‘Taylor’s Flora’’ published in 1915 as Memoir V of the New York Botanical Garden. It covered the area of interest of the Tor- rey Botanical Club, including all of New Jersey and the fol- lowing counties in Pennsylvania: Wayne; Lackawanna; Lu- zerne; Pike; Monroe; Carbon; Schuylkill; Northampton ; Le- high; Berks; Bucks; Montgomery; Philadelphia; Delaware, and Chester. Program of Meetings of the Philadelphia Botanical Club from January, 1915, to December, 1923 1915 Subject Speaker Attendance Jan. nn Cae - Botanical Recreations in Cali- written by Chas. fornia— — Saunders, Pasa- Lee Sowden 11 Heb. 96.3 Lat Sanches BOGE Daag: 11 Mar, 25.........A Recent ne as Trip in South Carolin: Edwin B. Bartram 9 Apr. 22......Plants — Manning C.D Witter Stone. 1] May 27... Notes by Members occccnnnne- 9 Sept. 23... Notes on Sou. Fe ee Members 9 Oct. 28.......California Experiences .......... ae ees Stone 13 oy, 15... Botanical Notes mbers 8 DOG. = BS cnn A Summer Trip to the —— cific Coast Dr. Witmer Stone....cc..15 1916 Jan. 27....... Exhibit of Mounted Speci- mens collected by W. Lei- pelsberger in Berks Coun- ty, Pa. Bayard lang |... 10 Feb. 24... Treesof Washington Square..W. M. Lansdale ...................12 Mat. 23.306: Botanical Notes, particularly applied to Gingko and Trailing Arbutus. Recent finds of O. H. Brown.......... Alexander MacElwee ........ 9 Apr. 27.........Orchids collected by Porter .. esasscortoe cE petals ome S| Sept. 28.....Summer Trips 9 Oct. 26.....A Trip to the Home Pay Humphrey Marshall ........Joseph Crawford 12 Nov. 23_....Summer Experiencesin Maine with Prof. Fernald... Bayard Long —...----..- ae Dee. 16.....Medicinal Plants and their Cultivation Methods ( 37 ) Dr. Henry Kraemet.......23 38 PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1917 , Date Subject Speaker Attendance Jan. 25.....The Hackensack Meadows....Dr. John W. Harshberger..19 Feb. 15..........Kew Gardens of London.......... Alexander MacElwee .......... me | Mar. 22.......The Myricaceae Dr. Heber W. Youngken....13 Apr. 26......Notes on Flora of Susque- anna County about Lon- don Hill Alexander MacElwee ........... 13 8 May 24... ae Trips Members June 30.........Field Day, Horticultural Hall, Fairmount Park....... Alexander MacElwee .......... 10 Sept. 30......Summer Trips Members 14 et. 25........ Botanical Notes Members Noy. ;-....No meeting =< Dee. 27......Reorgamization 2 5 1918 Jan. 24. = Notes Members 8 Feb. 28... e Ranunculaceae —...... Alexander MacElwee .......15 ar. “See Barren Plants Dr. Witmer Stone 15 APP 23. Common Trees Dr. A. A. Jones... 12 May 23.........White Pine Blister....................Glenn Hahn 12 Sept. 26... The Mints Stewardson Brown ..........- 21 Oct. 24....Unusual Plants found by a yro Robert F. Welsh........18 Noy. 21... Botanical Trip in the West Virginia Mountains ........... -Harry W. Trudell 26 Dee. 26......... Orchids in the Club’s Range...Dr. Witmer Stone... 31 1919 Jan. 23........§ome Aspects of the Flora in the vicinity of Cape May....Dr. Witmer Stent. 19 Feb. 27.....-Flora of Bushkill, Pa...........Edwin B. Bartram.........28 Mar. 27......-Winter Studies of Trees and 3 H. L. Fisher 20 Apr. 24.....Flora of the Perkiomen Rev. Harvey G. Allebach..30 ley May 22... Botanical Notes on the Flora of W. Phila., past and present Alexander MacElwee Dr. John W. Wavkboteur and Samuel N. Baxter....22 = 25... Aselepiadaceae ...................... Stewardson Brown 14 3... Incidents in Orehid Hunt- ing George Redles 19 PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 39 Date Subject Speaker Attendance Nov. 20.......... Botanizing in the Mountains — Hampshire and Vermon Harry W. Trudell 992 Dec. 18...‘ Every oie s Experi- : ence’’ 19 1920 Jan. 22... Collecting in the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona.........Dr. Witmer Stone. 26 Feb. - etiey .Applied Economic ites. oenry Wicks ee 29 Mar: 25... a in Oaks of the 8. W. aj. -S- Stewardson Brown — Apr. 22....... The Scrophulariaceae ............ Dr. Francis W. Pennell. si May 27........The Arnold Arboretum.__. Alexander MacElwee ........... re isma Swamp of Virginia................ Harry W. Trudell 27 North =e tr. H. B. Meredith.......25 OF; 18... 1920 a ae of Nova Scotia Bayard Long nccccccncecreenenm OO Dec. 30......... Exhibition of Specimens......... 28 1921 Jan. 27.......Jersey Jaunts for 1921...George W. Bassett .......23 Feb, 242... A Midwinter Botanical Trip to Duncannon, Pa. ............ Dr. John W. Harshberger..14 Mar. 24. Impressions of a Botanist r. Francis W. Pennell .....23 anizi in Southern Arizona ..........Edwin B. Bartram..........21 May 26......An sani Spring Trip to the Alexander MacElwee ......20 Poe Sept. 22. A Vacation in the Southern hanies Harry W. Trudell_._..__.27 Oct. 27......Haunts of our Native Or- i George Redles —cecccnmeceen2T e Bo ee & Seroue oo of the Flora of North- ennsylvania Dr. H. B. Meredith........18 ern Pen Dee; “22... ma Native Plants and Soil Preferences Dr. Edgar T. Wherry.........47 40 PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 1922 Date Subject Speaker Attendance Jan. 26........Second Year of Botanical Ex- ploration in Nova Scotia... Bayard Long 28 Feb. 23...-A — Through the Cypress Swamps of Florida... John M. Fogg, Ir. nvvccccnn-20 Mar. 23.......Pine Mountain Region of 8. entucky Dr. Witmer Stone... 29 Apr. 13... Readies in oe See ..Dr. John W. Eckfeldt........... 24 May 3h. Distribution of the: “Genus Rosa Alexander MacElwee .......... 21 Sept. 28......A New Plant Industry... .Alexander MacElwee ........... 18 Oct. 26.......Georgia and the Carolinas in Jun Harry W. Trudell 18 Nov. 23 Pollen Dr. Henry Leffmann.............. 28 Dec. 28.......Exhibition of Specimens............ 29 1923 Jan. —.....No meeting due to = death of Alex. MacEKlw _ Apr. 26. ——— beak Lake Min- Lee Sowden ae] May 24......... ‘Sisto on pe Flow- ers about Charl S.C. Dr. Witmer Stomen..ecccccccnm 23 Sept. 27......Summer Botanical eae ences by the Members. 16 Oct. 25..........Rescuing Elliottia Harry W. Trudell — Wanderings about Woods ole, Mass. John M. Fogg, Ir. cccccnn23 Nov. 22..........Fossil Botany Dr. Henry Leffmann............. 21 Dee. 27.........Flowers and Plants I Saw in the Yukon Territory ................ Adolf Miller 16 OFFICERS AND MEMBERS Philadelphia Botanical Club 1924 ARRY W. TRUDELL, gg THUR N. LEEDS, Treasurer BAYARD LONG, Curator ACTIVE MEMBERS Elected Epwin B. Bartram, Bushkill, Pa. 1906 SAMUEL NEWMAN Baxter, Fernhill Park, Germantown, Pa. ............... —— RUSSELL BEBBLER, 135 East Phil Ellena St., Germantown, Pa ........... —- WALTER M. Benner, Telford, Pa. 1912 GEoRGE M. BERINGER, 5th and Federal Sts., Camden, N. J. ...... Founder JOHN A. Borne EMAN, Norwood, Pa. 1912 J. C. Boyne, 2919 Oxford St. Sas Pa. rae Rev. T. R. BRenDLE, Green Lane, Mon ty Co., Pa. cosvomre Herman G. BrinKMAN, 1818 Tioga ey "Philadelphia, Pa = iat _. 1919 Dr. Herman A. Burain, 63 West Chelton Ave., Games, Pa. ——— JAMES J, Sst Addingham, Pa. 1919 VAN BUREN CONNELL, 2018 Chesaat St., Philadelphia, Pa. ........ ate Dr. Gee CornoG, 5836 Lansdown “et. Philadelphia, Pa. . 923 JOSEPH CRAWFoRD, Phipps Inst., 7th & tient Sts., Phila., Pa, Pa L. N. Dorsey, 5014 Schuyler St., Germantown, Pa. 1919 F, E. Draper, 2008 Broadway, Camden, N. J. 1921 Rosert R. DREISRACH, 5410 N. Front St., Olney, Pa. nnnncneneennnne--- 1922 Dr. JoHN W. ECKFELDT, 6312 Vine St., Philadelphia, Pa. .......- 1892 JOHN M. Foag, Jr., 6607 N. 10th St., Oak Lane, Pa. nccccereeennn ~ 1921 Joun 8. FRANKENFIELD , 236 N. 53rd St., Philadelphia, sg. PES capone 1920 Dr. C. D. Frerz, Sellersville, Pa. 1892 J. H. Grove, New Egypt, N. J. 1905 (41) 42 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Elected W. Hague, North Wales, Pa, 1924 Dr. JoHN W. HarsHpercer, 4839 Walton Ave., Philadelphia, Pa... 1911 Louis F. Heck, 734 8. — St., Philadelphia, Pa. 1919 F. F. Huser, Pennsburg, P 1911 Epwin ©. JELLETT, 118 facancs St., Germantown, Pa. ........---._ 19.19 GEORGE JOHNSON, 309 Madison St., Chest ster, Pa. 1922 Dr. ArTHuR A. JONES, 1810 Jedferson St., Philadelphia, Pa. .............. 1897 Dr. Ipa A, Ketter, 4424 Osage Ave., Philadelphia, Pa. . 1892 Rev. W. V. KISTLER, Pennsburg, Pa. 1911 Pror. W. A. KLINE, Ursinus College, Collegeville, Pa. .occccece--onm 1911 Dr. Henry A. LAESSLE, 59th and Market Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. ... 1894 Dr. H. PEARCE LAKIN, 14 E. Main St., Depedaie, ee 1906 Mrs. H. Pearce LaKIN, 14 E. Main St., Lansdale, Pa. 1906 Henry A. Lana, 138 Sumac St., Philadelphia, Pa. 1901 Dr. CHARLES H. La Watt, 39 S. 10th St., Philadelphia, Pa. 1896 ArtTuur N, Leeps, 5321 Baynton St., ecmationas Pa. ___.... Founder Morris E. LEEDS, 5321 Baynton St., Germantown, Pa. ............ Founder Dr. Henry LEFFMANN, 1839 N. 17th ‘st, Philadelphia, Pa... 2 Da. ‘Te mewigaiore Liawrroor, 5935 Gretae St., Geniantows,. oe 1892 Cuar.es D. Lippincorr, Swedesboro, N. J. Founder BayarpD Lone, 250 Ashbourne Road, Elkins Park, Paw cccccccenenen 1906 MAYNE Rem LONGSTRETH, 1420 Chestnut St., oo Pa. ........ 1892 PuHiLip W. Marert, 6604 L —— cee Philadelphia, Pa. . awe 1920 Dr. A. 8. Martin, Norrist 1899 Dr. H. B. MerEpiTH, 208 N.3 34th os Philadelphia, Pa... 1920 Joun G. Montcomery, 5539 Thompeck n St., Philadelphia, Pa. ... 1919 BENJAMIN F,. Mowsray, 1507 N. 61st os es 3 Siege ApoLF Miuirr, Box 66, Norristown 1920 JoHN R. Murr, orleuaote Pa. — JouN R. OvERH , 6 W. Main St., Norristown, Pa... 1892 Dr. FRANcis W. Soe Moylan, Pa. 1910 JoHN T. PenNyPACKER, 1009 Jefferson ee , Wilmington, Del. ......... 1892 HAROLD W. Prez, 368 Union St., Allentown, Pa. 1909 J. W. Prince, 5439 Berks St., Phila adelphia, ye eae 1924 Evan RANDOLPH, 116 S$. Thir a St., Phila sieipiia. 5g es a —— Grorce RepLes, 207 E. Wister me Germantown, Pa. —__.__.. a Dr. W. H. Reep, Jeffersonville, 1892 Joun F. Sarruer, 1013 W. sleet oe Philadelphia, Pa. .............. 1918 Epwin I. Smumpson, 434 Real Estate Tru Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa... a Lee Sownen, 3122 Midvale Ave., A Pa. 901 Dr. Witmer Stone, Academy of Natural Phila., Pa..... Foun Witarp A. Stowe, 41 Delawareview Ave., Trenton, N. J. ene 1920 J. PiercHer Srreer, 1120 Locust St., Philadelphia, Pa, 1918 eanenenennes PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 43 Blected Dr. WILLIAM RANDOLPH TayLor, University of Pa., Phila., Pa... 1921 W. R. Tuomas, Custom House, rg Pa. 1924 H. E. THOMPSON, 5016 Schuyler St., Germ ielnmemnie” BORO Harry W. TRuDELL, 2030 E. Madis sot n St., eur Pa. ae — WALTER VAN DER HENGEL, 63rd and Greckeosk Ave., Overbrook, Pa. —— CLARENCE E. VarNum, Atco, N. = 1923 Mites A. VoniMeErR, 243 W. Men r Bt, Oley, Pac: casi OOF Rosert F. WELSH, 132 8. 4th g Phila dclphia, ee peg ee ac LOOO C. 8S. WERTSNER, 211 N. 13th St. , Philadelphia, Pa. 1920 J. GILBERT WILLIAMS, 1517 N. 58th St., Philadelphia, Pa. ...... scone Epwarp W. Winsor, N. J. Agric. Exp. Sta., New Bronewiek, N. 3. 1920 Dr. HEBER W. YOUNGKEN, Boston, Mass. ei HONORARY MEMBERS GEoRGE W. Bassett, 3148 W. Ironsides Road, cia ihe gg J. 1904 Joun J. Tver, 106 E. Johnson St., Germ » Pa. —— SAMUEL §. VAN PELT, 59 Bethlehem ‘Pike, fe Hill, Pa. wai _.. 1902 CORRESPONDING MEMBERS CHARLES C. BACHMAN, Slatington, Pa. 1908 EvcEne P. BIcKNELL, New York City 1896 Mrs. Evizasetu G. Britton, New York Botanical Garden 1895 Dr. NATHANIEL Lorp Brirron, New York Botanical Garden............. 1892 Orway H. Brown, Cape ae N. J. 1908 Rev. J. 8. BuntTine, Macon, Ga. 1907 Srewart H. BurNHAM, as Falls, N. Y. : 1911 A. ArtHUR HELLER, Chico, Calif. 1893 James J. Moorz, es Pa. 1919 W. A. Poysrr, Hammon 1906 CHARLES F. SAUNDERS, peers Calif. 1893 Dr. Jon K. Smaut, New sis Botanical Garden 1893 Hueu E. Strong, Coatesville, P: as Dr. CAMPBELL E, WATERS, Waskingice. BO. INDEX TO SPECIES Agrostis = = pa Amelanchier fanadenss, 26 laevis, 26 Ammophila arenari, 17 oe aes Arisaema Gionviies a zalea ee ms, 28 Baisvaiian 4 angustisegmentum, 13 anceolatum, 13 Bromus sitisemate 19 a. hormathodes, 23 longii Cenchrus us, 16 ian’ pauciflorus, 16 Chaetochloa geniculata, 16 uca, imberbis, 16 lutescens, 16 Circaea a 27 tiana, 27 Cirsium pumilum, 8 Claytonia virginica, 8 Convallaria biflora, 24 Crotonopsis rome tating 27 linearis, 27 apiacen. 27 Crypta minima, 27 Cuscuta estetentec 29 pentagona, 29 Dioseorea glauca, 24 villosa, 24 Echinochloa see Sa 15 muricata, 15 Elatine americana, 7 - Eleocharis capitata, 20 pe 18 ce 18 Fimbristylis autumnalis, 20 frankti, 20 geminata, 20 mucronulata, 20 Galinsoga ciliata, 32 parviflora, 32 (44 ) PHILADELPHIA, BOTANICAL CLUB Gentiana oretige. 29 we sabok aria, 29 Gratiola ——— 29 sphae pases oo 30 virginiana, 29 Habenaria ciliaris, 7 Helenium tenuifoliu Hemianthus eallitrichoides, 9 lomera micranthemoides, 9 micranthus, 9 Hepatica americana, 26 triloba, 26 Ilysanthes anagallidea, 30 inaequalis, 30 Impatiens biflora, 8 Leontodon laevigatum Lilium = ss rbum Eaneeclia: aphece i 30 se lata, 30 uif olia, 30 Tesduodtue ‘podum, 14 Malva rotundi 8 Muhlenbergia folio, = , 16 Najas flexilis, 1 cea gua dalupensis, 15 Oenothera perennis, 28 mila, 28 Onoclea Bi Se 14 Ophioglossum arenarium, 33 engelm Panicum —- , 16 escens, 16 son soeesle 19 5 Pennisetum americanum, 16 Phytolacea decandra, 8 Poa brachyphylla, 18 brevifolia, 18 caroliniana, 18 cilianensis, 18 aa 18 ralis, 17 palustris, 19 triflora, Pogonia rete, 7 Polygonatum biflorum co Polygonum ee ritimum, 25 Polypodium virginianum vul, Portulacea oleracea, - Potamogeton filiformis, 15 ectinatus, 15 Prenanthes autumnalis, 31 virgata, 31 Prunus aasnte depressa, 26 pumila, 26 susquehanae, 27 Pteretis nodulosa, 14 Pteridium aquilinum, 14 lat iuseulum, 14 la, teris areas falcata, - rubra, 25 Rhus toxicodendron, 8 ix, 8 Rumex acetosella, 8 eri ae Rynchospora eapitellata, 21 eornic ata, 20 glomerata, 21 pan Sabatia a neeolata, 28 ‘iasiciiiate ‘ambigua, 2 26 6 Schoenus capitellatus, 21 eratus, 21 45 46 INDEX TO Scutellaria eaten 29 = 29 Selaginella pee apus, Setaria glauca, Sium ore 28 ave, Smilax herbacea, 24 pulverulenta, 24 Solidago semi 32 eolens, om Spartina alterniflora, 17 — ~ 18 Ss Spiranthes gracls 34 ia difformis, 28 Syagharetuars albus, 31 racemosus, , 31 SPECIES Taraxacum n§ tothe ete 31 evigatum, 31 Vacoinium album, 31 Vv eria americana, 15 spiralis, 15 Veronica buxbaumii, 30 persica, 30 tournefortii, 30 Viburnum affine, 30 glabratum, 32 No. 9 1925-1926 BARTONIA ete ne 57 PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB EDITED BY FRANCOIS W. PENNELL CONTENTS Alexander MacElwee (Portrait) H. W. Trupett & F. W. Penner A new Station for Serapéas helleborine L............. Harotp W. Pretz 7 On the Distribution of Serapias helleborine ne be Western New York NK W. JOHNSON 10 Harry W. Troupern 11 ‘*Rescuing Elliottia’’ On the Irregular Occurrence of certain Native Plan Grorace JoHNSON 16 The Elder Barton—his Plant-Collection and the Mystery of his Floras Francis W. PENNELL 17 JoHN H. Barnwarr 35 Brief Sketches of some Collectors of Specimens in Herbarium General Notes 43 Program of Meetings from January, 1924, to December, 1925........ 44 List of Officers and Members 45 48 Index to Genera and Species PUBLISHED BY THE CLUB Acapemy or Natura Scrences, Logan sare PHILADELPHIA a ocectal: 1926 ALEXANDER MacELWEE BARTONIA PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB No. 9 PHILADELPHIA, PA. 1925-1926 Alexander MacElwee H. W. TRUDELL AND F. W. PENNELL In the passing of Alexander MacElwee on January 23rd, 1923, our Club has lost another of the ‘‘Big Brothers,’’ who have endowed the organization with its splendid spirit of fel- lowship. His was a leading influence of friendliness among the members, and he was always ready to welcome the stranger, making him realize that he had come among friends bound to- gether by a common love for all plants, from the lowliest forms to the sublime giants of the woodlands. Seldom were the meet- ings when he did not bring someone whom he had met and prevailed upon to attend a meeting, and it was due to his friendly activity that the Club has many of its present mem- bers. : ‘‘Mac’’ became a member of the Philadelphia Botanical Club in February, 1892, only two months after the Club’s foundation. From that meeting commenced his work as a curator of the Club’s herbarium, for then he offered to mount some specimens which had been presented by I. C. Martindale. Keenly did he value his association with Dr. J. Bernard Brin- ton and other figures of the Club’s early days. These cher- ished experiences were the foundations of a long interest ; for nearly fourteen years he served as the Club’s Curator and more recently, from 1918 to 1923, as its President. 2 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Alexander MacElwee was born in Glasgow, Scotland, where he attended the public schools and graduated with honors at eleven years of age. Then he went to work. He served first as errand boy in a drug store, then as office boy for a commis- sion agent, and later as assistant in a wholesale drug house. When he was thirteen years old, his parents emigrated to America, leaving him and a younger brother to follow a year later; they arrived in the United States October 16th, 1883. Shortly after reaching Philadelphia, he secured work on the estate of Anthony J. Drexel. At fifteen there came into his possession an old copy of Mrs. Lineoln’s ‘‘ Familiar Lectures on Botany’’ and two years later he started the collecting of an herbarium. About this time he obtained Wood’s ‘‘Class Book of Botany,’’ a work that broadened considerably his outlook on the science. He also devoted much of his spare time to the study of Latin, German, ancient and modern history, geology and entomology, supplemented by a wide course of reading. The horticultural interest, commenced on the Drexel Estate, grew into the dominating business interest of Alexander Mac- Elwee’s life. In this line he soon proved his ability and laid the foundations of future success. In the main his after years show a steady progress in this field, but his course was chequered by trials in other lines. Several times his interest in botany induced him to accept the more congenial but less remunerative task of curator of museum collections. His greatest success was in the special field of landscape gardening. In 1887 Mr. MacElwee became associated with the Hugh Graham Nursery, which offered him a chance of more special- ized horticulture, notably in the growing of ferns and palms. Soon followed a year’s experience in the building trade. Re- turning to horticulture, he passed several years in gardening, first at ‘‘Lindenhurst,’’ the estate of John Wanamaker at Jenkintown, and then at ‘‘Ravenhill,’’ the Germantown home of William Weightman. It was in 1894 that Alexander MacElwee undertook his first purely botanical task, the care of the botanical collections of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. This institution had just acquired the large Martindale Herbarium, and ‘*Mac’’ PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 3 had this to put in order and to see to the work of mounting its thousands of specimens. At that time plans were being developed for a Botanical Garden at the University of Pennsylvania, and Mr. Mac- Elwee’s services were called upon for it. Such a combina- tion of qualities as this task demanded, of horticultural skill with scientific goals, must have been precisely to his liking. We may be sure that MacElwee threw himself into the project with his characteristic enthusiasm and that he contributed materially to the rapid development of the Garden. After an unsuccessful venture into greenhouse gardening on his own account, Mr. MacElwee once more left outdoor work for a botanical curatorship, that of the miscellaneous plant col- — lections of the newly organized Philadelphia Museums. Dr. William P. Wilson, who had once been professor of botany in the University of Pennsylvania and retained his special in- terest in this field, was the developer of this project and has witnessed its expansion into the great Commercial Museum of to-day. Mr. MacElwee entered gladly into the economic study of plants which this position entailed, and classified and cared for the various collections of fibers, woods, dyes, tannins, medi- cinal plants, ete., that were rapidly accumulating. In addi- tion to these he worked energetically toward the founding of a museum herbarium, collecting extensive series of duplicates with the plan of establishing botanical exchanges. Eventu- ally, some time after he had left the Museums, it was decided that the amassing of a general herbarium was outside of the scope of the Commercial Museum, and the entire collection was presented to the Academy of Natural Sciences. It was during his work at the Philadelphia Museums that Alexander MacElwee became keenly interested in the critical study of certain of our trees, especially of the genus Hicoria. Of the hickories he made many collections and had under ob- servation several proposed novelties. While it is regrettable that he never concluded these studies, it is yet fortunate that his excellent specimens, accompanied by careful notes and labeled with his special names, are deposited i in the herbarium of the Philadelphia Botanical Club. But outdoor life seemed essential to Mr. MacHlwee so again, and finally, he turned back to horticulture. In 1901 4 PROCEEDINGS OF THE he took over the management of Dr. Wilson’s greenhouse at Gwynedd. In 1904 he became landscape gardener on a 13,000 acre estate at Browns Mills in the Pines; of this work he made a particular success but the failure of certain other interests conducted by the estate caused his return to Philadelphia. Then, in 1905, he entered upon his ten years’ association in landscape gardening with the late Oglesby Paul, who for many years was landscape gardener of the city of Philadelphia. During this time ‘‘Mac’’ did the landscape work on many fine estates near Philadelphia, West Chester and Hershey, Penn- sylvania, and Wheeling and Fairmount, West Virginia. At the last place, where he lived from 1910 to 1916, some of his work was more public in character, and included the laying out of a golf course and a public park. For three months of 1914, Mr. MacElwee, accompanied by his wife and daughter, visited the British Isles, passing most of the time in his native Scotland. On this trip he inspected many large estates and gardens, including the Botanical Gar- dens at Kew and Glasgow. After Mr. Paul’s death in October, 1915, Alexander Mac- Elwee made application for the city post thus made vacant, and on January Ist, 1917, was appointed landscape gardener by the park commissioners of Philadelphia. Into this new and most important work of his professional life MacElwee entered with energy. There is no doubt of the enthusiasm and hard work that he lavished on the parks of Philadelphia; nor is there doubt of the value of his plans or of the results that he was obtaining. It is sad to think that he was to have only four years, and those under economie conditions so peculiarly trying, in which to formulate and try to achieve projects of such size. Of these there was one that lay nearest his heart. As long ago as 1878 the Fairmount Park Commission had approved Charles F. Miller’s plans for an arboretum, but the matter nar not progressed beyond the planting of a few groups of trees. MacElwee’s chief ambition was to develop this ar- boretum, and his imagination enlarged its original scope so that the arboretum should become one of the most extensive and scientifically important collections of trees and shrubs in PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 5 America. It was to have covered 140 acres in the western part of the Park. In this cause he made trips to the Arnold Ar- boretum, New York and Brooklyn Botanical Gardens, and the Seed and Plant Introduction Service at Washington. From each of these sources he was rewarded with generous contribu- tions in seeds, cuttings and plants, the Arnold Arboretum sending in one year nearly 1,300 species and varieties. Con- sequently thousands of the rarer rhododendrons, flowering cherries, barberries, hydrangeas, hollies, lilacs, roses, crab- apples, oaks, loniceras, ete., ete., were started in the Park nurseries, intended for the Arboretum. Now that the master spirit has gone the project of the Arboretum has rested almost inactive, but these young trees and shrubs remain and form a nucleus from which MacElwee’s dream should be developed. In the welfare of the Academy of Natural Sciences Mr. MacElwee’s interest was long-continued. In 1885, soon after his arrival in this country, he became acquainted with its botanical activities; in 1892, as already recounted, he joined the Botanical Club which still meets in its halls; and in 1903 he became a life member of the Academy. While serving for thirteen years as Curator of the Club’s Herbarium, he mounted and put in order many of the specimens which are now in our Local Herbarium. This lasted until 1905, the year that marked the turn in MacElwee’s prospects and also, through the arrival of Samuel S. Van Pelt, in those of the Club’s Her- barium. At that time, realizing the engrossing nature of the landseape work to which he was now giving his thought, Mac- Elwee sold to the Academy his entire herbarium, the fruit of over twenty years of devoted interest. The MacElwee Her- barium contained some 10,000 specimens, and has been one of our largest series of local plants, although also containing specimens acquired by exchange from many parts of the world. Although during his later and busiest years he was seen less at the Academy, excepting for his ever-faithful attendance at the meetings of the Botanical Club, in one way he still showed the extent of his interest in the institution. From the Arnold Arboretum he obtained extensive series of specimens of hor- ticultural plants, and these, with other collections to be ac- quired, were to form the nucleus of a special horticultural her- 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THE barium in the Academy’s custody. It is hoped that this project may be continued, and seanihge is asked for the ‘*MacElwee Horticultural Herbarium.’ In addition to Alexander MacElwee’s activities already re- counted, mention should be made of his interest in the Ger- mantown Horticultural Society. Mr. James G. Scott, a mem- ber of that society, states that MacElwee’s work, leadership and enthusiasm were of incalculable value in broadening the scope of that organization and making its influence felt. He speaks of the breadth of MacElwee’s experience and his readi- ness to help all who appealed to him. It seems that some articles contributed years ago to ‘‘Gar- den and Forest,’’ an ecological paper in the Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences, and certain short articles on botanical themes in the ‘‘Germantown Guide,’’ comprise all Mr. MacElwee’s published work. It is not so much as the student that we remember and honor him, but as the zealous collector, the planner of an Herbarium and of an Arboretum, and ever as the friendly promoter and president of our Club, always eager to awaken interest in his favorite science. Of Alexander MacElwee’s personality the Rev. J. C. Broom- tield, of Fairmount, West Virginia, writes with true apprecia- tion. In fifteen years’ acquaintance he was always impressed by Mr. MacElwee’s guileless, honest character and tells how his own life had been influenced by this clean sterling spirit. **Mac’’ he always found a generous, unselfish friend, and he speaks of the regret with which the citizens of Fairmount learned of his departure. Dr. Broomfield adds that, in his experience of nearly twenty years, he knew of no one, coming from the outside, who, by a combination of heart, mind and spirit, had made such an impression on the people of that town as had Alexander MacElwee. A new Station for Serapias helleborine L. HAROLD W. PRETZ In the autumn of 1922, an orchidaceous plant, then in fruit, was discovered growing in fair abundance about bushes of exotic Rhododendron. planted along the stone walls of an open porch of the residence of Mr. Robert Shimer at Riegelsville, Bucks County, Pennsylvania. Recognized as apparently Serapias helleborine L., it later proved to be that species and its presence became a matter of interest and inquiry. Since no particular attention had been paid to the plant it was difficult to secure any definite information concerning its introduction but that this had come about through the bushes of Rhododendron rather than through any other source was strongly presumed since the introduction of exotic plants in this way is well known. It was learned that the bushes of Rhododendron had been purchased perhaps twenty years be- fore from Hoopes Brothers and Thomas, West Chester, Penn- sylvania, and in the preparation of the bed where they were planted some woodland soil, presumably from the hills near Durham Furnace, Bucks County, was used. Perhaps ten years later, some native species of ferns from the general vicin- ity of Nockamixon Rocks in the same county were added to this bed. The Serapias was recognized as a plant that had been ap- pearing in the bed for possibly ten or more years in spite of efforts during this time to keep the Rhododendron bed free of weeds, one of which seems to have been this plant. It was not possible to account in any way for the years between the time of planting of the Rhododendron bushes and the time the Serapias had been noticed excepting that in the constant effort made to keep the bed free of weeds at all times the Serapias may have escaped especial notice. Through the kindness of Dr. S. C. Schmucker, of West Chester, Pennsylvania, who is personally acquainted with members of the firm of Hoopes Brothers and Thomas, it was (7) 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE learned that at the approximate time these Rhododendron bushes were planted, yearling Rhododendrons were imported from Holland, planted for a few years and then sold. The ground used for this purpose was changed crop by crop and no one place has been kept in Rhododendrons. A specimen of Serapias was left with two of the men at the nursery who are used to plants and who promised to keep an eye open for the Serapias through the past summer. In response to @ recent inquiry, Dr. Schmucker has written that he spoke with Mr. Smith of the Hoopes Brothers and Thomas Nurseries who told him that he had had the plant in mind all during the growing season and had especially looked for it several times but that none had been discovered and that no specimen of the plant to his knowledge had turned up in the nursery within this time. During the past summer the possibility of Serapias occur- ring at the Hoopes Brothers and Thomas Nurseries was sug- gested to Mr. Harry W. Trudell and resulted in his immediate interest. In August he made a special trip to the nursery and spent the better part of a day in a search for the plant. It is very evident from an interesting account of his experi- ence given in a letter that a careful and thorough search was made for evidences of the plant but without success. The search covered a large portion of the nursery especially where plants of Rhododendron and other species that had outgrown their usefulness as nursery stock had been allowed to grow unmolested apparently for years. In these places search was made about and under trees and shrubs as well as in more open grassy places along the roadsides. Mr. Trudell had seen the plant growing wild, and if Serapias had become established about the nurseries he would surely have found some trace of it. The general range of Serapias helleborine L. in America has been given as ‘‘Quebee and Ontario to Massachusetts and Pennsylvania.’ It was first discovered by Mrs. M. P. Church in the vicinity of Syracuse, New York, on August 6, 1879,” 1 Britton & Brown, Illustrated Flora, ed. IT. 563. 1913. Gray’s New Manual of Botany, ed. VII. 313. 1908. 2 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 6: 329. 1879; 7:97. 1880. PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 9 and another station at Buffalo, N. Y., was reported in 1882.* In 1893 a third station at Toronto, Ontario,* and a fourth at Mt. Royal, Montreal, Quebee,> were discovered. As far as noted these latter two remain the only Canadian stations for the species. In 1897 it was observed growing ‘‘under a thick spruce hedge near the village street’’ at Stockbridge, Massa- chusetts,° where it is recorded as having been ‘‘introduced . with some garden plants from New York State.” In re- sponse to an inquiry concerning the record for Pennsylvania in Gray’s New Manual of Botany, Prof. M. L. Fernald wrote that Prof. Oakes Ames who revised the Orchidaceae in this work has informed him that ‘‘in his herbarium there is a good specimen from Sayre, Pennsylvania, collected in July, 1906, by William C. Barbour’’ and that ‘‘this was doubtless the source of the record in the Manual.’’ It has also been re- corded from ‘‘near Plainfield, Union County, New Jersey,*® and ‘‘in the Soldiers’ Home woods,’’ Washington, D. C.° Since its discovery near Syracuse, Serapias has been re- corded from many stations in New York State. The range has recently been given as ‘‘In woods and thickets. Locally abun- dant. Herkimer county, westward to Oswego, Monroe and Erie counties. Apparently naturalized from Europe... . Now known from numerous localities, in some of them quite common, which adds to the suspicion that the species has been naturalized from Europe else it would have been found prior to 1879, in a region which has been carefully explored by many botanists.’"° Much interesting comment upon this ‘‘suspi- cion’’ that the species has been naturalized from Europe may be found in many of the notes and citations concerning this orchid in botanical literature. That the Riegelsville occur- rence is an introduction seems quite obvious but a definite source of this introduction remains yet to be established. 3 Loe. cit. 9: 127, iy 1882; 14: 209. 1887; 17: 23. 1890. 4 Loo. cit. 20: 35, 3 1893. 5 Loe. cit. 20: 440. thie, 23: 354. 1896. 6 Rhodora 1: 52. 1899. 7 Rhodora 4: 22. 1902; 19: 30, 31, 51. 1917. 8 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 433. 1910; Mem. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 5: 254. 1915. ® Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 21: 130. 1919. 10N. Y. State Mus. Bull. 254: 244, 1924. Notes on the Distribution of Serapias helleborine L. in Western New York* FRANK W. JOHNSON This orchid grows abundantly within the city limits of Buf- falo, especially along streets, and in lawns and shrubberies around the cemetery adjoining Delaware Park, where the plant was first discovered in 1882. It grows on hard clays in limestone soils and shale soils, and especially on the thin soils overlying small scarps and the borders of quarries. It is abundant in many lawns, despite frequent mowing of the grass. In Erie County, outside of the city, it has been observed in practically every township, especially around the larger towns, notably East Aurora, Hamburg, Collins, Gowanda, Clarence and Akron. It grows in thickets, on open banks, and in se- cluded deep woods on the Cattaraugus Indian Reservation. Serapias has been collected at various stations in Niagara County (Goat Island, Niagara Falls, Youngstown, Wilson, Lockport) ; in Genesee County (Indian Falls, Bergen Swamp, both in marl and in muck) ; in Livingston County (Portage, Letchworth Park) ; in Wyoming and in Cattaraugus Counties. The Rochester botanists report its occurrence in Monroe County. It is also frequent at Point Abeno, Fort Erie, Niagara Falls, Niagara Glen and other places in Ontario oppo- site Erie and Niagara Counties, New York. With the excep- tion of Spiranthes cernua, it is doubtless the most widely dis- tributed and abundant orchid now found in that portion of New York lying west and south of Rochester. It ranges farther east, especially in the vicinity of Syracuse, but I have not explored that part of the state. * During August of this —_ while in attendance at the Fourth In national Botanical Congress at Ithaca, Tompkins bee New York, I eae acquaintan Enfield Gorge. wi Mad ead partineniet ematnie suppose that he had found some choice native. In conversation later, Mr. Johnson, of Buffalo, N. Y., told me how this orchid has become in his section, and at my request has prepared the following notes. The Editor (10) “Rescuing Elliottia” HARRY W. TRUDELL One of the rarest members of the Heath Family (Ericaceae) is the beautiful shrub known as Elliottia racemosa (Muhl.). As related by Dr. John K. Small,* it was discovered by Stephen Elliott of Charleston, S. C., in the course of preparation of his “‘Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia,’’ early in the last century, the locality being in the vicinity of Waynesboro, Georgia. He sent specimens to Dr. Muhlenberg at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, who described and appropriately named it Elliottia. It was later found by other botanists at several places in the same general region, but with the cutting of the forests and cultivation of the soil most of its colonies became exterminated. In the course of his studies of the Ericaceae, Dr. Frederick V. Coville of the U. S. Department of Agriculture discovered that certain members of this family are sterile to pollen from the same plant, and, even though they spread by root-stocks into large colonies, they never produce fertile seed unless pollen from one colony is in some way transferred to the stig- mas of the flowers on an entirely distinct one. He suspected that Elliottia might behave in this manner, in which case de- struction of the individual colonies would ultimately lead to the extinction of the species. If however, the plant proved, like so many of its relatives, to prefer acid soils, then by trans- planting shoots from each of two or more colonies, and grow- ing them in a peat-sand soil, it should be possible when they bloomed to place the pollen from one on the stigmas of the other, and in this way obtain viable seed and so preserve the species. He accordingly asked Dr. Edgar T. Wherry, who was engaged in making soil tests on native plants, to endeavor to locate two or more colonies of EUiottia and to bring them into cultivation. It was the writer’s privilege and pleasure to ac- company Dr. Wherry on this expedition, in June 1923. * Journal N. Y. Botanical Garden, 2: 113, 114. Aug., 1901. (11) 12 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Only four occurrences of Elliottia have been definitely re- ported during the past fifty years. One was found by P. J. Berckmans, in company with Dr. Asa Gray, in Columbia County, Georgia, in 1873.* One plant from this station was reported to be still growing in the Berckmans nursery near Augusta and another in the Kew Gardens in England, but the colony itself had been destroyed by agricultural develop- ment. On the afternoon of June 27, 1901, Dr. Roland M. Harper, with Professor J. W. Hendricks, found a small colony near Statesboro, Bulloch County, Georgia; and on July 4, 1903, another stand was discovered by him near Helena, Tel- fair County. I joined Dr. Wherry at Augusta, Georgia, on the morning of June 25th, and we started on our way to the Berckmans nursery, a short distance from the city. A long Magnolia- bordered driveway led from the road to the house, where we were graciously received by Mrs. Berckmans, widow of the founder, who immediately set about arranging for us to see the specimen of Elliottia. In her company we passed through the beautiful gardens about the house in which we admired handsome specimens of Arbor vitae, copal indica, Spanish spruce, Camellia, Azalea, Cherokee rose, bay, camphor trees and a robust cork oak. We descended a slope through a grove of immense pine trees and all about were large plants of Gardenia florida and Camellia japonica, the former covered with big, chalk-white, intensely fragrant blossoms. In the valley lay a shrub-em- bowered pond on which floated water lilies and other aquatics in considerable variety. We found the plant of Elliottia, a puny shrub about fifty- four inches high, growing in a situation evidently unsuited to its well-being, as there were no signs of buds or flowers. We were now ready for the attempt to relocate Dr. Harper’s colonies so as to obtain from them plants for cultivation. From Augusta the route lay to Statesboro where we hi an automobile to carry us some thirteen miles over into Cand- ler County. All morning was spent in the sandy barrens grown up in serub oak and pine. In addition to an interesting series * Cyclopedia of American Horticulture (Bailey), page 528. 1900. PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 13 of plants and flowers were splendid patches of Sarracenia psittacina, rubra, minor and flava, with several hybrids, and quantities of showy Sabbatia dodecandra. The afternoon was rainy and in the steady downpour we searched through woods, fields, depressions and on hill slopes but without success or encouragement. About four o’clock, we met a group consist- ing of a colored man and his son, and a young white man, who we later learned was a nephew of Professor Hendricks, the discoverer, with Dr. Harper, of the colony in that vicinity. Their curiosity being aroused, they discontinued efforts to round up hogs and applied their energies to the search for Elliottia. After covering a wide area and when about to give up the quest, I found a plant some three feet high and nearby a larger one with eight clusters of beautiful white flowers, while at the same moment Dr. Wherry saw another specimen with two clusters. The flowers are remarkable in having separate petals, marking the genus as a very primitive heath. The rain had ceased and the sun, peeping through the cluods, permitted us to get some good photographs. Dr. Wherry proceeded to make soil tests and dig one of the plants, of which there were about two dozen, although only two showed any signs of flowering and there was absolutely no fruit from the preceding seasons. The rootstocks of all the plants appeared to be connected, and this, together with the absence of fruit, confirmed Dr. Coville’s view as to the reason for the rarity of the plant. No doubt before the country was settled, clumps grew near enough together for insects to carry pollen from one colony to another, so that good seeds and seedling plants were occasionally produced, and the spe- cies kept going; but lumbering, farming and fires have de- stroyed so many colonies that the isolated survivors have been unable to produce any recent progeny. This particular col- ony had evidently suffered severely from fires sweeping through the sandhills, and it was also badly infected by a leaf- spot, which the Department of Agriculture finds to be a hitherto unrecognized species. The soil was sandy, with a scrub growth of trees, and a Sparse ground cover, the effects of ground fires being apparent. The tests showed the soil to be strongly acid, and the vegeta- tion was entirely in keeping with these conditions. About six 14 PROCEEDINGS OF THE o’clock we met the expected automobile and the ride back to the hotel found us light-hearted and happy over the day’s results. Douglas, Coffee County, approximately 110 miles from Statesboro was next visited, and there we spent parts of two days vainly searching for Elliottia among magnolia and tupelo swamps, along sluggish creeks and through great stretches of sandy woods, said to be infested with rattlesnakes but which, aside from a large one seen by Dr. Wherry, were not in evi- dence. Many interesting plants were noted however and the experiences here were pleasant. We reluctantly left Douglas on the morning of the second day about 11.30 and reached Helena five hours later. We spent the remainder of the rainy afternoon collecting specimens of Pinguicula, Clinopodium coccineum and many other species. After supper, we walked two miles to MacRae, seat of Telfair County, passing on the way many attractive places on which were noted pecan groves, orange trees, bananas, aloes, pomegranates, palmettos, camphor trees and some fine specimens of willow, water and live oaks, Chinaberry trees and, in a few of the gardens, Pinckneya pubens with its showy, rose-colored terminal leaves surrounding the otherwise unattractive flowers. The next day (June 29th) we were driven some five miles south of the village of MacRae tc Turnpike Creek. Here, after we had searched for about an hour, Dr. Wherry discovered a group of Elliottia ranging from 3 to 6 feet in height and con- sisting of about twenty specimens. Ona single plant there had been flowers but practically all had fallen and, as before, no fruit was developing. It was in this vicinity that Dr. Harper found, July 4, 1903, the stand of Elliottia about which he wrote: ‘*I found about twenty specimens of Elliottia racemosa, the largest specimen about ten feet tall. They were almost past flowering but showed no indications of producing fruit this year, although the flowers were being visited by several kinds of insects but on one plant I found—a single, empty, globose four-valved, irregular capsule of about 5 mm. in diameter, probably last year’s crop. Care will be taken to preserve this only fruit of Elliottia on record.’’? This fruit is now one of the prized specimens at the New York Botanical Garden. Our find was on the edge of a roughly cleared field but little PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 15 above high water mark of Turnpike Creek and less likely to be injured by fire than the other colony. Among the sur- rounding vegetation was noted Pinus elliottii, saw palmetto, alder, willow oak, Wistaria, wild cherries, Cyrilla, Cliftonia, Ilex glabra, Rhexias, Clethra, Azaleas, Kalmiella hirsuta, Xolismas, Gaylussacias, Batodendron, persimmon and some Gordonia lasianthus trees, about sixty feet high and covered with flowers. The soil, as at Statesboro, was ascertained to be strongly acid. It is hoped that the two plants will continue to grow and soon produce blossoms, so that a cross may be made and the introduction of this rare and interesting shrub into cultiva- tion accomplished by the Department of Agriculture. On the Irregular Occurrence of Certain Native Plants GEORGE JOHNSON In the 1924 issue of Barronta, Dr. Harshberger called at- tention to the ‘‘Rhythmic or Seasonal Appearance of certain Orchids.’’ In 1912 the present writer found Habenaria cih- aris and H. blephariglottis in abundance at West Asbury Park, New Jersey. In 1919, on revisiting this locality, the latter was found in abundance while the former had completely disappeared. In 1920, 1921 and 1923 the latter was still missing. One small group of Habenaria cristata was the only species of yellow orchid found there. Corallorhiza odontorhiza is another orchid that has this disappearing habit. Especially is this the case when it is disturbed. On numerous occasions when it has been picked, it has proved missing the following years. Gentiana crinita is very uncertain. Although our botanies give it as a biennial, it seems to be spontaneous. In 1892 it was found to be very abundant in an open wet meadow. But the five following years there was not a sign of it. Then in 1898 it bloomed as plentifully as it had in 1892. Those who have formed the good habit of scattering seed need not be dis- couraged if they find no signs of the plant for several years. Mitchella repens is a plant that seems to perfect seed only locally. Large patches of it may be found that bloom year after year, and yet on which one will find never a berry. 1925 seemed to be an off year for it, as the berries were very scarce in places where they had been plentiful for the previous six years. Cypripedium acaule is also a plant that is only locally fer- tile. Numbers of plants may be found with very few if any seed-pods, although in other places nearly every plant will carry its fruit. As many as three old pods have been found along with the new flowers. At Mansfield’s Grove near the East Haven River in Connecticut this orchid was found abun- dantly, and there one could always find many flowers that had been fertilized. There were also many plants that did not flower year after year. A close watch of this was kept for more than ten years, and while the two leaves would invar!- ably be well developed the plants still failed to blossom. (16) The Elder Barton—His Plant-Collection and the Mystery of His Floras FRANCIS W. PENNELL Slightly over a century ago two botanists of the name of Barton, uncle and nephew, were prominent in the scientific life of Pennsylvania. It is from the nephew, Dr. William P. C. Barton, that Barronia, the journal of the Philadelphia Botanical Club, derives directly its name. The younger Bar- ton’s ‘‘Compendium Florae Philadelphicae,’’ published in two volumes in 1818, presented for the first time a detailed enumeration of the plants growing in the vicinity of Philadel- phia. Its author was for many years professor of botany in the University of Pennsylvania, and his specimens, illustrative of the flora within ten miles of Philadelphia, came to the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences probably soon after his death in 1856. But it is of the uncle, Dr. Benjamin Smith Barton, of his plant-collections and projected floras, that this article is writ- ten. His herbarium has also come to the Academy, though more recently and by a less direct route. Like his nephew, the elder Barton was long a professor in the University of Pennsylvania. He seems to have been as ardent a botanist, and to have held a wider range of scientific interests. Known in his own day for his work as a teacher and especially to be remembered as the author of the first American text-book of botany, he was likewise keenly interested in the systematic study of our plants. That the elder Barton has also a to be commemorated in the name of our journal will appear as we consider the extent of his interest in systematic botany, and discover that he was the first in time of those who have written of the special flora of Pennsylvania. Dr. Benjamin Smith Barton, who was himself a nephew of David Rittenhouse, the astronomer and mathematician, pos- sessed a mind of high quality. His early ability is shown by the fact that at the age of twenty-three, after two years’ study (17) 18 PROCEEDINGS OF THE in the University of Edinburgh and after taking a degree at Gottingen, Germany, he was appointed to the first professor- ship of natural history and botany in the United States. This was in 1789 in the College of Philadelphia, and two years later on the merging of the College with the University of Pennsyl- vania he was made professor of those subjects in the latter. To this chair he soon added the then more important profes- sorship of materia medica, in connection with which he accom- plished his chief medical work. Later, in 1813, on the death of Dr. Benjamin Rush, he left the congenial chair of materia medica for that of the ‘‘practice of physic,’’ the most exalted post in the medical school. This he held until his death two years later, retaining with it his original professorship of natural history and botany, in which for twenty-four years he served the University. Professor Barton’s personality has been presented to us in sharp lines by his nephew in a sketch read before the Philadel- phia Medical Society early in 1816. He is shown as studious, diligent and ambitious, and as ever undertaking tasks beyond the strength of a weak constitution. Interested in zoology, Indian lore and archaeology, geography, and in botany in all its aspects, he would start project after project only to leave them for work in some other field. In science he was exacting of detail, and his nephew tells from personal experience of the meticulous precision with which his uncle insisted that every spine of a horny lizard must be counted and reproduced on a drawing. The elder Barton was himself an excellent draughtsman. He collected information in abounding detail, but his nephew says of him that he ‘‘wanted, in a great de- gree, a talent for generalizing.’’ With a vehement, nervous temperament, full of exuberant ambition, yet ever in poor health and so loaded with professional duties as to find little time for his beloved natural science, it is small wonder if the elder Barton’s botanical achievements were limited. It was in the general knowledge of plants, especially in the morphological field, that Professor Barton made his greatest contribution to the progress of American botany. In 1803 appeared his ‘‘ Elements of Botany, or Outlines of the Natural History of Vegetables.’? Based upon Barton’s own experi- PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 19 ence as an instructor, this work filled an important need for the teaching of the science. As already stated, it was the first text-book of botany issued in the United States. As a teacher, inspirer and helper of younger men the elder Barton is chiefly memorable, and of this side of his activity we shall see much in turning to the less known, although peculiarly fascinating side of his botanical interest, his efforts to further the systematic knowledge of our plants. Before 1803 not only had there been no American text-book of botany, but also no general work giving information about the plants of the United States. Curiously enough, it was in that year that there also appeared the first comprehensive flora of North America. The ‘‘Flora Boreali Americana’’ was in Latin and French, and was published in Paris; its author, André Michaux, was a Frenchman who had spent twelve years at the behest of the French government traveling on botanical exploration through the United States. Although he had vis- ited most of the Atlantic states, had ascended the mountains of North Carolina, had traveled across the northern Alle- ghanies to reach the prairies of Illinois, and penetrated Can- ada as far as Lake Mistassini in the interior of Quebec, it was soon apparent to his American contemporaries and immediate successors that there were many species omitted from his flora. Although not as yet resulting in any work of large scope, a great interest in the systematic study of our plants had been developing among the native American botanists, an interest that sustained a remarkable height in Pennsylvania during the first four decades of the nineteenth century. Comparing those years with these a century later one wonders if we have to-day local botanists more zealous and keen, or whether with our greater facilities for the preservation and comparison of plants our predecessors would not have produced more memorable studies than ours. The elder Barton and his contemporary, - the Rev. Dr. Muhlenberg, of Lancaster, inherited a Pennsyl- vania botanical tradition, begun by John Bartram and carried down to their time by Humphrey Marshall and William Bar- tram, but they must be given the credit of greatly broadening the lines of botanical interest. Both Muhlenberg and Barton had been collecting specimens toward the preparation of Amer- 20 PROCEEDINGS OF THE ican floras, and, after the publication of Michaux’s Flora in 1803, both seem to have felt the more determined to bring their tasks to completion. Muhlenberg doubtless had the best knowledge of North American plants of any man of his time and it is to be deplored that with his keen insight he has left no more substantial record than the ‘‘Catalogus Plantarum Americae Septentrionalis’’ issued in 1813, a catalog-summary of the flora of the United States and Canada. Muhlenberg and Barton both died in the same year, 1815, and both left their botanical collections to the American Philosophical So- ciety rather than to the newly established Academy of Natural Sciences, the result of which action was that their historic her- baria remained neglected and finally forgotten until nearly the close of the century. Their herbaria have now been de- posited by the Philosophical Society in the custody of the Academy, and are proving a fruitful source of information about the botanical interests of 1800. The entire herbarium of Professor Barton appears to have been brought together in the years from 1797 to 1807. It numbers 1,674 specimens. No effort seems to have been made to obtain all species, and the collection is far inferior to that of Muhlenberg in variety of plants represented. Nor were the specimens chiefly gathered by Barton himself, as the Muhlenberg Herbarium had been built up almost wholly by Muhlenberg’s own efforts. It would appear that Professor Barton devoted little of his own time to the gathering of his Herbarium, but felt that such a collection was so im- portant a desideratum of American botany that he was con- tinually attempting to interest his students and others in the project. If we may judge from his.own contributions to the Her- barium, Professor Barton’s travels were not extensive nor were they undertaken for the purpose of obtaining botanical specimens. Thus, although he was early interested in analyzing plants, there are no specimens whatever from that excursion of 1785, when, a youth of nineteen, he accompanied the sur- veying commission that established the western boundary of Pennsylvania. The earliest date is twelve years after this, and eight years after the commencement of Barton’s profes- PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 21 sorial career in Philadelphia. In 1797 we see him taking a trip up the Hudson by boat, then across New York state by Schenectady, Onondago and Geneva to Niagara Falls; in 1802 he was in the mountains near Staunton and Warm Springs, Virginia; in 1805 he made a considerable journey through Havre de Grace, Baltimore and Washington to Frederick County, Virginia, thence home via Hagerstown, Chambers- burg and Reading; in 1806 he was at Passaic Falls and Perth Amboy, New Jersey ; while throughout these ten years he col- lected repeatedly around Philadelphia and Germantown. His own collections are frequently signed with the initials ‘‘B S B.”’ Barton’s own specimens total only 175, and, although collected with some care, they show little evidence of subse- quent study by him. But, beside his own collections, Barton’s Herbarium contains specimens from at least twenty-nine other persons. Most of these were contributors of only a few specimens each, and probably were students whose interest was not sustained.* ‘Let us glance rapidly over some of their names, and note the sources of their plants so as to see the territory Barton’s Her- barium covered. John Adlum contributed specimens from Lancaster and Lebanon; Peter Custis from Virginia and ‘‘450 miles up the Red River’’; Mr. Ellicott from Natchez; Mr. “*Enslin’’ from North Carolina and certainly elsewhere in the southern states; Dr. Gray from Southampton, Virginia; Dr. Gregg from the head of Dennis Creek, near Cape May, New Jersey ; M. Kin from Pennsylvania and New Jersey ; Mr. King from 90 miles and 140 miles from Philadelphia, the latter cred- ited to the ‘‘Beech Woods,’’ Pennsylvania; Augustus Shryock from near Chambersburg and on a trip northward to Mifflin- town and Lewistown, Pennsylvania; Mr. Steptoe from Great Seneca and Peaks of Otter, Virginia; David Thomas from dif- ferent localities in north-central Pennsylvania, Elk Lake, Loy- alsock, Muncy, Tioga, Towanda, etc.; and Judge Turner from the Ohio and Wabash. These plants may be labeled in the handwriting of the various collectors, but more frequently in Barton’s hand or in that of the chief single contributor to the Herbarium, Frederick Pursh. * A list of the collectors represented, with brief accounts of some of them from the pen of Dr. J. H. Barnhart, is appended to this paper. 22 PROCEEDINGS OF THE Fortunately, the handwritings of Barton and Pursh may be readily distinguished and with this clue it is interesting to unravel the part each played in the amassing of the Barton Herbarium. It is well known that Barton, the professor, encouraged the botanical enthusiasm of Pursh, gardener at the Woodlands estate near Philadelphia, and financed him upon two botanical excursions. The Herbarium contains three series of Pursh’s collections labeled in his handwriting and often signed with his characteristic ‘‘P’’: 113 specimens from localities near Philadelphia, as Blockley, ‘‘Skuilkill’’ and Woodlands; 895 specimens, usually bearing surprisingly de- tailed data, from over eighty indicated localities, gathered on Pursh’s southern trip of 1806; and 141 specimens gathered upon Pursh’s northern trip of 1807. As Pursh was destined to follow Michaux in the publication of a North American flora, it is worth our while, for this reason as well to explain his affiliation with Barton, to follow from the herbarium speci- mens his exact routes. Incidentally, we note that these jour- neys evidently occurred each one year later than the dates given in the preface of Pursh’s ‘‘ Flora Americae Septentrion- alis. >? In 1806 Pursh may be seen passing from Carlisle, Pennsyl- vania, by Connedagwinnet and Connegocheaque creeks on to Hagerstown, Maryland, thence down Antietam Creek and across the Potomac River at Harpers Ferry ; on to Winchester, Virginia, and to Capon Springs in the mountains to the west, up the Shenandoah Valley to Staunton, thence to Lexington and the Natural Bridge, thence south to the Peaks of Otter in the Blue Ridge and again westward through the present Bote- tourt County to Sweet Springs, in the present state of West Virginia; in the mountains of Monroe and Greenbrier Coun- ties, West Virginia, where he appears to have wandered rather widely and eventually even to Keeny’s Knob in the present Summers County; turning from Sweet Springs southward he is seen crossing again into Virginia and passing the several ridges southward through Craig County and over Salt Pond Mountain to Montgomery County, here visiting the New River; erossing the Blue Ridge and proceeding to the southeast, col- lecting much abount Rocky Mount in Franklin County, thence PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 23 down through Pittsylvania to Mecklenburg Counties, and thence over the line to Northampton County, North Carolina; soon turning northeastward he passed through Greenesville, Southampton and Nansemond Counties to Norfolk, Virginia ; while the last specimens of the journey were apparently gath- ered in Accomac County, Virginia. The trip occupied the en- tire season as is evidenced by the few dates indicated, and also by the spring flowers gathered on the early part of the course and the autumn flora with which the excursion closed. The 1807 journey of Frederick Pursh is even easier to trace from the Barton Herbarium, owing to the fact that full dates are given for most of the course. On July 4th he was at Tioga in northern Pennsylvania, on the 9th at Owasco Lake, New York, from the 11th to the 25th at Onondago, where he visited Mr. Geddes; from July 30th to August 4th he made an excursion to Oswego on Lake Ontario; thence until at least August 24th he was again at Onondago; after this occur no more dates but the Herbarium shows him at Johnstown, Glenns Falls, Saratoga and Skeenesborough,* New York, and along Lake Champlain, near Rutland, and in the Green Mountains, Vermont. There are no specimens in the 1806 collection from the high mountains of North Carolina nor in the 1807 collec- tion from the White Mountains of New Hampshire, regions which Pursh in the preface to his Flora claims to have visited. The detailed itinerary available for the former journey leaves no opportunity for such a difficult feat as the ascent of the Carolina mountains, but the small number of specimens from the northern journey, evidently but a partial series of those gathered and omitting various species which his Flora tells us Pursh had collected, would leave us undecided on the White Mountains claim. However, Pursh’s journalf of the latter * Mr. Willard W. Eggleston, of the United States Department of Agri- culture and formerly of Vermont, who has carefully reviewed Pursh’s collections from Vermont and adjacent territory, states that Skeenes- borough is the present Whitehall. t ‘‘ Journal of a Botanical Excursion in the northeastern parts of the states of Pennsylvania and New York,’’ published in Philadelphia in 1866, and reprinted by the gemeae Historical Association in 1923. This Philonophical Society by Mr. TF. James, who war responsible fr it first publication. 24 PROCEEDINGS OF THE trip has been published and shows us clearly that he did not reach New Hampshire. Pursh’s specimens contributed to the Barton Herbarium vastly outnumber those made by Barton himself or by all his other assistants together. Pursh’s plants are all labeled and the identifications written in his own hand, showing that they received his personal study. Nowhere have I noted a speci- ment of Pursh’s gathering with determination entered in Bar- ton’s hand, whereas a large part of the specimens collected by Barton as well as those gathered by many contributors have been identified and labeled by Pursh. Everywhere one notes that Pursh is more particular than his patron about precision of data. The internal evidence of the Barton Herbarium as- sures us that Pursh was the systematist responsible for the careful naming of the collection, and leads us to suspect that Barton, the professor, took only a moderate interest in strictly systematic botany and was depending upon his able helper to carry out the large plan portrayed in a statement given out in June, 1807. Addressing the newly founded Philadelphia Lin- naean Society, of which he had been made the first president, Barton speaks of the extent of his herbarium and of his definite plans for a North American flora: ‘‘My own American Her- barium contains several hundred species of North American plants more than are contained in the whole Flora of Mr. Michaux. Through the kindness of friends and pupils I am continually adding to the list. The history of my whole col- lection is intended for the public. Indeed, I have aironty made considerable progress in describing these plants.’’ This year, 1807, signalized by such an optimistic statement, appears, so far as the dates scattered through it ean tell us, to be the last in which the Barton Herbarium receive any ac- cessions. Certainly few, if any, specimens were added later than this. That Barton failed to go forward with the amass- ing of specimens calls for an explanation; and, beside the con- tinuous factor of increasing ill health, I think there is a very obvious reason why 1807 marked the sudden termination of his herbarium’s growth. We have seen that Frederick Pursh had become the actual developer of the Barton Herbarium. Now, Pursh spent the PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB 25 summer and early autumn of 1807 traveling in the northern states, and apparently in the late autumn or early winter moved from Philadelphia to New York in order to take charge of the Botanic Garden recently established there by Dr. David Hosack and which had been acquired by the state. Pursh re- mained three years in New York, then took a voyage to the West Indies, and shortly after his return therefrom went to England. There, with the generous patronage of A. B. Lam- bert, he was able to carry out an independent project of a flora of North America; Pursh’s ‘‘Flora Americae Septen- trionalis,’’ issued in 1814, marked a distinct advance on the earlier flora of Michaux. After 1807, without his indispensable helper, laboring under the increasing pressure of professorial duties and interests, and in ever feebler health, Professor Barton could not go forward alone with his own long cherished design of a North American flora. Yet one suspects that he only gradually, if ever, relin- quished the plan, and lived in the hope that another assistant of Pursh’s ability might arise to help him. He aided liberally the young Thomas Nuttall, who was to become the brightest light of the Philadelphia group, and enabled him to make his extensive journey up the Missouri River in 1810. Some time after Barton’s death, Nuttall did publish in 1818 his ‘‘Genera of North American Plants and a Catalogue of the Species to the year 1817,’’ with the definite idea of adding to Pursh’s Flora. But Nuttall’s handwriting is not found in the Barton Herbarium, and the whole collection seems to have been ignored by him. Yet Barton’s Herbarium has not remained wholly unused since 1807, for he, himself, seems to have made some use of data gleaned from it for two floras of more modest scope than the ambitious project that we have been considering. At least the first parts, following the Linnaean system from the first to the fourth classes inclusive, of a flora of Pennsylvania and a flora of Virginia, were actually printed, although they have remained almost or quite unknown to the present day. These floras reveal Professor Barton, not merely as dependent upon Pursh for critical identifications, but as himself a keen field- observer, as a student of living plants rather than a ‘‘closet’’ 26 PROCEEDINGS OF THE botanist busied with comparing dried specimens. After not- ing the dependence of Barton upon Pursh for identifications in his own Herbarium, it has been a happy surprise to note the striking independence and fullness of observations preserved in Barton’s ‘‘Flora Virginica.’’ That Professor Barton should have undertaken a flora of Virginia seems especially fitting. The plants of Pursh’s south- ern journey of 1806, nearly 900 specimens, were in his Her- barium. These were nearly all from Virginia, and most of them had been carefully studied and identified by Pursh. We have seen that Barton had himself visited the Shenandoah region of Virginia in 1802 and 1805. The ‘‘Flora Virginica’’ incidentally tells of another visit to this section in 1810, and, as Dr. Barton had brothers living in Frederick and Augusta Counties,* I suspect that his visits to this part of Virginia were frequent. What more likely than that the semi-invalid pro- fessor should have spent the available vacation-time of one or several summers there? Certain it is that he carried with him on trips into Virginia Gronovius’ ‘‘ Flora Virginica,’’ and that he carefully checked and improved its descriptions. More earefully than any other American botanist of his time he tells us the flowering and fruiting season of each species, its dura- tion of life, its environment or habitat, and very frequently he informs us of the flower-color and of the uses of the plant by the Indians or for medicinal purposes. An especial line of interest that he diligently pursued was the collecting of colloquial names of plants, and for these Barton’s Flora is a mine of information. Yet these details are all fitted into a rigid framework, nor does Barton seem to have preserved specimens as vouchers for his identifications, as would cer- tainly have been done by Pursh. Barton’s ‘‘Flora Virginica’’ of 1812 was primarily a new edition of Gronovius’ ‘‘Flora Virginiea,’’ which had been *To his brother, Mr. Richard Peters Barton, of Frederick County, Virginia, Professor Barton dedicates one volume of ‘‘The Philadelphia Medical and Physical Journal.’’ On his southern trip Pursh appears to have visited R. P. Barton ‘‘on the Opequan,’’ while he collected also along the ‘‘South River, near Staunton,’? at ‘Mr. Barton’s,’’ who I suspect was yet another brother. PHILADELPHIA BOTANICAL CLUB at without an edition for just fifty years. So valuable did Bar- ton esteem this flora, founded on the collections and field-study of John Clayton and on the descriptions of which Linnaeus had based his knowledge of many of the plants of the present eastern United States, that he desired to incorporate it entirely in his revised flora. With slight exception, every word of the 1762 edition of Gronovius was so preserved, even to its title- page and preface. Into this antique framework Barton in- serted more than its bulk of new information, synonyms of Michaux, Willdenow, and others, emended descriptions of many species, additional species proposed by various botanists and some by himself, and all the detailed field-observations and economic information that have just been recounted.