JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY, PAPERS AND COMMUNICATIONS BOSTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY, 1834—1837. $ PUBLISHED BY THEIR DIRECTION. VOL. I. i | t MISSOTT Rt i BOTANIC: GARDEN. wp a ds t HLLLIARD, GRAY, AND COMPANY. MDCCCKXXVII. ART. L oes La III. So wx. c VIL. Í M Á D< — CONTENTS. Officers of the Society, - = Bare f d Introduction, Artes delivered d before the Society at ening of en Tremont Street. By the er JF. Gar Men s in n Defence P the Author of the " Birds of merica y the Rev. Joun Mo ef à à Giben Py Wifatow hs A, Clomid of Massalhuseils. By AUGUSTUS A. Gout, Chiastolite, or Macle of Lancaster, By CHARLES T. Jackson, M. servations 0n a Shell. in + the Cabinet of ‘the Bostiti be identical n History, suppo Murex Aruanus of L Od an B TUN Proboscidiferus of Lamarck. By fe Disney; M. On certain uses of Geological Chang in Massachusetts. By Epwaky etm A. aM, p of Chanel Natural in Amher. ghey i ear Enumeration of Plant: growing sp ence around Wilmington iri eei de with Remarks on some ao and Obscu NOR: By Moses A. reas U, pon the ' Fcónomáj ef. some American Species of Hispa. y T. W. Harris, M. Descriptions of New North’ American iae In ' By T postai Say, Du ee inean Animal belonging to the Arata eille ; discovered in the Sea along the spite of the New South Shetland Islands. P James Excuts ; «Kf. aros Analysis of Chryso colla from the Holquin By er Mines, near Gihara, AE E. ct M. p # £s Contents. hb. x cU. AME Descriptions of New m of North D wi noptera, and ` = By Tuomas Say Rr XIV. sad d ths Gaclogy of Poria aui lis. H icinity. - Epwarp Hircucocx, A. g a of |o i AM T C emistry and Natural History in mherst College, 306 E = XV. An Examination of the “ gue of the Marine and E. Fresh Water Fishes of Massachusetts, by J. V. ki mith, M. D.,” contained in Proféssor Hitcheock’s 4 Report on the Geology, Miner meralogy, &c., of Massa. ï. à [ T , M. D. XVI. Chemical Analysis of Three Varieties of Bituminous kx "a em aii Anthracite. By C. T. Jackson, à » e L. Descriptions of a Species of. North dim e "Thon E Cosina OMAS Mr. + 961 , iu Description of a New Species of the Gamis H, rargyra ; "x 4 some Additions = to the C aaa " the Fishes of Manian’ in Professor 8 ** Report," j po Hax | po M. D., ue 416 E EE ERE udon’ s zine for / (s, 9 Mr. Tuomas M. Brew: 418 Additions to the C. ‘the Birds of Massa- chusetts in m heock's * Report." — B. Mr. riptim ef a . Brew i iption of a New es of the Gemus Marginella — (Lam New Species af the Gonus Marg By 4 Capt. Jones Pre P. CovrHovv, E dw ë s » - en UU n J. B. S. Jacksox, M.D. - ortoise. By ` E $ BOSTO N JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY. GONTENIR, 2 ; = j i a Officers of hee — vu cre car So Introducti £ 5 ui Arr. I. Address delivered before the Society at the opening "E of their Hall in Tremont Street. By Rev. F. W | P. Greenwood - Remarks i in defence of the Anis of f the " Birds of America," By Rev. John Bachm Description of a Gibbon. " Winslow Lewis, ie M. D. IV. Cicindele of Massachusetts By Augustus A. ‘Gould, M. D. Chiastolite or Macle of Éateirisk. By Charles T. Ë n, M. D. 55 V. VI. v3 on a Shell in à the Cabinet of the Mon T x * ` Society of Natural History, supposed to be identi- — cal with the Murex Aruanus of Linnwus and the Fusus Proboscidiferus of — By A. "— 63 * List of Members = > - 69 Six Plates. A ee 4 Ç é h`. í * VOL. L.—PART 1. 1 S x ye OFFICERS OF THE ï BOSTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY FOR 1834-45. Presivent, BENJAMIN D. GREENE. Vice Presidents, JOHN WARE, F. W. P. GREENWOOD. Corresponding Secretary, AMOS BINNEY. Recording Secretary, D, HUMPHREYS STORER. Treasurer, E. S. DIXWELL. Dibrarian, CHARLES K. DILLAWAY. Curators, Ê ğ GEORGE B. EMERSON, / JOSEPH W. McKEAN, AUGUSTUS A. GOULD, WINSLOW LEWIS, Jr. WILLIAM B. FOWLE, a GEORGE W. OTIS, Jr. CHARLES T. JACKSON, JOHN B. S. JACKSON. Cabinet Beeper, ESTES HOWE. LA E: : : Ce gs i * b Alb iJ 1308 É ehradizsyft m 4% Teog 8 : : i i i P INTRODUCTION. The Society under whose direction the present publication is made, having been established for the purpose of creating a taste for Natural His- tory, and of affording the means of acquiring and diffusing among their fellow-citizens a knowledge of this branch of science, have, in pursuance of the object of their institution, considered it ad- visable to publish such papers and communica- tions as may come into their hands, possessing sufficient interest to entitle them to be laid be- fore the public. Having but small claims to the character of naturalists, they are nevertheless desirous of contributing something to the com- mon stock of information, and they hope that the succeeding pages will evince the sincerity of their wishes, and the industry and zeal with which they have pursued their attamment. This Journal which is published in conformity with the views above stated, will be devoted to Natural History solely, and articles on other subjects will not be admitted to its pages ; and a preference will always be given to new and in- teresting facts relative to the Natural History of 6 INTRODUCTION. our own country. Descriptions of new objects . will be accompanied with coloured illustrations in every case where they are desirable and with- in the means of the Society, and the mechanical execution of the work will be equal to that of any similar publication. The frequency of its appearance will depend on the abundance of matters prepared for it; and the degree of sup- port accorded to it by thé public. While the Society looks to its own members for the principal part of the materials of the work, its pages will be open to the use of scien- tific men in every part of the country, and their countenance and aid is respectfully solicited. The Society does not hold itself responsible for any opinions or facts which the Journal may contain. These must depend on their own merits, and in case they are called in question, their defence will be left to their authors. Boston, April 1, 1834. k i : -ART. I.—AN ADDRESS DELIVERED BEFORE THE BOS- TON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY, at the opening of their New Hall in Tremont Street. By Rev. F. W. P. GREEN- woop. Aug. 21, 1833 WirH good cause, gentlemen, may we congratulate each other, at this meeting, on our condition and pros- pects as a Society. This spacious and delightfully situated apartment; these neat and well contrived cases and tables, already exhibiting treasures, the lustře of which is more pleasant to the eyes of science than the shining of silver and gold; this convenient furniture, these ample accommodations, are all indubitable evidences of our im- proved, established and promising state. Every thing wears a congratulatory aspect. Our countenances are full of animation. Even the mute representatives from the several kingdoms of nature, which here in new order surround us, seem to participate in our pleasure, and, rejoicing in their own deliverance from the damp and obscure region in which they had been hidden, to bid us welcome to upper air, and the comforts of our present abode. On taking this new step in our progress, it is proper that we should look back on the ground over which we have passed. I will therefore offer a sketch of our his- tory, short and uneventful as it is, principally drawn from minutes which have been furnished me by our worthy and faithful Secretary. | Our Society cannot boast of having been the first ever formed in this city, expressly for the purpose of attending to the pursuit and advancing the knowledge of natural history. Most of us can remember, and some of us, I be- 8 An Address delivered before the lieve, belonged to the Linnean Society, which was in- stituted here, about fifteen years ago, with the same de- sign. This Society made some valuable collections, and for a while was conducted with spirit; but, from various causes, this spirit languished, the Society became inert, it was finally dissolved, and its collections were dispersed. Though a few years elapsed, during which there was no united and systematic attention given to the great objects of natural science, it was impossible, that in a community like ours, this should long be the case. Ac- cordingly, on the evening of the 9th of February, 1830, a meeting of gentlemen desirous of forming a Society for . the study of natural history, was held at the rooms of Dr. Walter Channing, at which meeting, Dr. Channing having been chosen Chairman, and Simon E. Greene, Esq. Secretary, the subject was discussed, and it was voted that a committee of five be appointed to consider the purposes of the meeting, and to recommend at a future day such measures as they should think advisable _ in order to the formation of a Society, and the best means of interesting the public in its favor; and that the com- mittee report at a meeting to be called by them at such time as they may appoint. The gentlemen chosen on this committee, were Dr. E Hayward, Dr. John Ware, Edward Brooks, Esq., Dr. Amos Binney, and George B. Emerson, Esq. At a meeting called by them the same month, a report was presented by the Chairman, which was accepted, and it was voted, that a Society on the plan proposed be now formed, and that Simon E. Greene and Amos Binney, Jr. be a committee to call upon gentlemen favorably disposed to the objects of the meeting for their signatures, and when a sufficient number have subscribed, to notify said subscribers of a meeting to be held for organizing the Society. Lad EETA Anah at the opening of the Society’s Hall. 9 A meeting was held, according to notification, on the 28th of April, 1830. Dr. Channing having been chosen Moderator, and Theophilus Parsons, Esq. Secretary of the same, and the committee to obtain names having re- ' ported thereon, it was resolved, that the name of the society be 'T'uz Bosrow Socrgry or NaTvRAL HisTony. At this meeting, also, a committee was chosen to draft a constitution and by-laws. On the 6th of May a meeting was held, at which the committee reported a constitution and by-laws, which were unanimously adopted. On the 13th of the same month, officers were chosen. About this time a room was obtained on the ground floor'of the Athenzum building, in which collections were occasionally deposited, and the statute meetings were regularly held. But so early as October, 1830, we = a committee appointed to obtain a “ more suitable room,” —a proof that the Society were soon dissatisfied with their accommodations. In truth, the apartment which we lately occupied, and endeavored to improve, was wholly unsuitable for our purposes, being unfit, from its damp and sunless situation, for the reception of a cabinet. For a time, it was hoped that a room might be obtained in the Masonic Temple, ‘then about to be erected; but this hope was disappointed. We were more than con- soled, however, on learning, in February, 1832, that a hall might probably be procured for us, in an edifice pro- posed to be built by the proprietors of the Savings Bank. . . Our expectations in this quarter were happily fulfilled. Though we have been in existence as a Society but three years, we have had three courses of public lectures ; two in the Athenzum lecture room, and one in the Masonie Temple. Owing partly to the central situation of the Temple, and partly to the zealous exertions of our mem- VOL. I. — PART I. -R 10 Mr. Greenwood’s Address bers to induce the public to give their attendance, the last course received so much favor, that the profits accru- ing from the sale of tickets, encouraged, and mainly enabled the Society to take a lease of the hall which we now occupy, and to fit it up with its appropriate furniture. The possession of this hall has acted as a fresh stim- ulus to our exertions. In looking round on our riches, we cannot but feel grateful to the committee who have, I may venture to say, surpassed our expectations, though highly raised, in the superintendence of our interests, and also to those individuals of our number, whose liberality has so suddenly increased our stores. The collection of by Dr. Smith, is now, by purchase, the property of the Society. Dr. Charles T. Jackson has deposited with us a cabinet of minerals, which would any where be called a most valuable one. Dr. Binney has placed here his beautiful collection of shells. Dr. Lewis has sent us, beside other presents, a perfect ligamentary skeleton of the rhinoceros, which can speak for itself, being probably the best in this country. From other members we have received, and are constantly receiving acceptable donations. Our library is yet small; but when it is considered that more than a third part of its present number of volumes has been added within the last two months, we are en- couraged to hope that it will ere long correspond in ex- tent and value with other departments. But flourishing as our condition is, it may yet be much improved; and indeed the effect of successful accom- plishment on generous spirits, is only to prompt them to strive on, and do better and more. There is a plenty of room left in our cases, drawers, tables, for more minerals, insects, birds, shells—more contributions from every division of nature’s wide domain. Though we should at the opening of the Society’s Hall. 11 not, even now, be ashamed to exhibit our hall to a sci- entific stranger, we must yet be aware that we have only made a beginning, an excellent one, it is true, but still a beginning—and that several departments must be much nearer to completeness than they are, before we can throw open our doors to the most learned and critical visiter, with a feeling of satisfaction and honorable pride, convinced that we are showing him what he will be gratified to see. k should be our object, in this re- ud to attend or comp such collections as may give a | good idea of the natural uu" ofour own country, and of our own section of our country. If I were travelling in Spain or Persia, I should desire especially, to examine some depository of the natural productions of Spain or Persia. If I were travelling in our Western States, I should prefer seeing a museum well stocked with their own curiosities, to one well stocked with all curiosities but their own. And so too, I presume, a traveller in New England, fond of natural history, will first of all desire to see those objects which illustrate the natural history of New England. For our own instruc- tion and gratification, indeed, and for the advancement of natural science among us, we shall gladly collect from every quarter and every coast and corner of the globe, from every sea and lake and river, whatever can be fur- nished to our purposes; and yet, for own sakes too, we shall least of all choose to be ignorant of the beings and things with which Providence has surrounded our own dwellings ; of the plants which spring from our native soil, the birds which fly in our own heavens, and whatso- ever passeth through the paths of our own seas. It will also greatly conduce to our e to the cultivation ofa taste for natural history in ourcom- munity, that we sh / nti ion of publish- 12 Mr. Greenwood’s Address ing a Journal, in which the observations and discoveries of members and correspondents may be saved from ob- livion, and contributed to the general fund of scientific knowledge, and through which we may be brought into useful and pleasant fellowship with other scientific soci- eties, at home and abroad. Though such a work ought not to be undertaken, until after a mature consideration of . the whole ground of the enterprise, there is no doubt that it would, if well conducted, meet with encouragement and be rewarded with honor. And by what means are we to secure the desirable objects which have been specified ? What is it which will enable us to store our hall with the beautiful and wonderful works of nature, fill our library with the need- ed volumes, and take a stand among the promoters of science and useful learning? It must be that zeal, with- out which no enterprise of any importance ever did or ever can succeed. It must be that true interest in our professed purposes, which will prompt us to devote, ac- cording to our ability, labor or means to their advance- ment. It must be that noble sentiment, flowing from the great fount of charity, which impels a man to give up something of that which he calls his own, something which he legally might, and which the selfish man always does devote to his strictly personal interests and pleasures —to give up something of this to the cause which he has espoused, to the good of others, to the common weal. It is very true that most of us are so connected, m our several professions, with those to whom our first and chief attention is due, that we cannot lawfully be absorbed in pursuits which are extraneous to our immediate obliga- tions ;— but we can take a little from our leisure, and a little from our indulgences, and a little from our rest, and make our very amusement and healthful recreation con- at the opening of the Society’s Hall. 13 tribute to the welfare and growth of this Society. This we can do, and ought to do, if we mean that our connex- ion with the Society should be any thing more than nom- inal. Some of our members have already given animating examples to the rest of us. The public will in time second our efforts, and regard us with favor as those who are'working for the public benefit, and seeking to raise yet higher the literary reputation, already eminent, of our fair city. As I have congratulated you, therefore, gentlemen, on the bright prospects of our Society, permit me to com- mend those prospects and all its future interests to your untiring attention, to your love of good learning, to your love of country. Nor would you excuse me—I could not excuse myself—were I not reverently to commend them to yet higher regards, to the blessing of Him, the Eternal Author of Nature, and Source of being,- » * Who fosters with a parent's care 'The tribes of earth, and sea, and air." APPENDIX. Since the opening of the Society’s Hall, a new spirit has been excited. Semi-monthly meetings, well attend- ed, have succeeded to those interviews, at which a few zealous members only, could be collected, once a month. Written communications on subjects connected with the different branches of Natural History, or reports upon objects previously presented to the Cabinet, or both, have een liberally offered at each meeting ; and the initiation of sixty-two members since our first meeting in the Hall, is the best evidence that the interest in Natural History is Valuable additions have been made to each department 14 Mr. Greenwood’s Address, &c. of the Cabinet. Many perfect skeletons of animals have been presented and deposited. Among these, deserve to be mentioned, those of the Hydrocherus Capybara, Mus- tela Canadensis, Cervus Virginianus, Iguana tuberculata, Emys serpentina. The Crania of the Felis tigris, Sus scropha, Sus babirussa, Lacerta Crocodilus and Cervus Virginianus, should not be passed unnoticed. , About forty species of Birds now enrich our cases, among which is a magnificent specimen of the Sea Eagle, ( Falco fulvus) and seven other species of Falco—nine species of Duck, the Strix nebulosa, Quiscalus versicolor, Tetrao cupido, Scolopax borealis, Sterna arctica, Uria alle, Uria troile, Ardea virescens, &c. Large additions have been made to the Entomological Cabinet, which now contains about 3000 species, well arranged; the majority of which are natives of New England. Numerous specimens have Da added to the Cabinet of Minerals, of which, a collection of Lavas and Sulphurs from St. Vincents, Montserrat, and St. Lucia, and Petrifac- tions from Antigua, and a magnificent Beryl from Ackworth, N. H., by far the largest known in the world, measuring 3 feet 4 inches in circumference, are worthy of mention. A valuable collection of Reptiles has been received from Surinam. The contributions of a few individuals have laid the foundation of a collection of Crustacea, and have filled a case with Corals and Madrepores. The Botanical department has not been forgotten. ‘To this belong about 900 species of plants, mostly from our own vicinity. The Library is rapidly increasing. Upwards of 70 volumes, many of which are rare and valuable, have been added by Jonan, since August last. D. H, S + ART. II.—REMARKS IN DEFENCE OF THE AUTHOR OF THE “BIRDS OF AMERICA.” By rue Rev. Jonn Bacnmay, Charleston, South Carolina. — before the Boston Society of Natural History, Feb. 5, 1834 Sin: I have observed in your interesting and valuable Journal a number of remarks calculated to impeach the veracity of Mr. Audubon as a traveller and naturalist, and to injure him in the estimation of the community as an author. Although from my profession and habits I feel no disposi- tion to enter into controversy, yet having had opportuni- ties which few others possess, of becoming acquainted with the occupations and literary acquirements of that gentle- man, and being prompted, not by feelings of private friend- ship alone, but by a desire that full justice should be awarded him for those expenses, sacrifices and privations which he has undergone, Ï take the liberty of stating what I know on this subject, and Ï have reason to believe, from the characters of the writers, who have doubted his * This article was originally written for Loudon's Magazine, in order that the attacks upon the veracity of Mr. Audubon might be met, in the land where it was first questioned. It was, at the same publish itin our own country ; for although the naked fact, that Mr. bon’s statements have been questioned by the learned in for- eign lands, may — gain extensive currency, the experiments, by which his statements and views have been so triumphantly vindicat- ed, may not be so readily brought to sry knowledge by means of an English Journal. We have confined ourselves almost entirely to what is valuable in a scientific point of view, n several por- c MM inn nature hich would be su- perfluous to an American reader. (Pub frudus 16 Remarks in Defence of the Author veracity and the authenticity of his works, that with that generosity of feeling so distinctive of those who are en- gaged in liberal and kindred pursuits, they will be grati- fied to assign him the meed of praise which he so un- doubtedly merits. It appears that exception has been taken to two articles by Mr. Audubon,— one on the habits of the rattle snake ( Crot- alus,) and the other on the habits of the turkey buzzard (Cathartes aura, TuLIG.). The latter publication is now lying before me, the former I have not had an opportunity of seeing; but from what I gather from some communications in your Journal, it appears that he ascribed to the rattle snake some of the habits of the common black snake ( Col- uber constrictor, Linn.) such as ascending trees in search of game, feeding on squirrels, &c. He also mentioned the re- markable fact of its living a considerable length of time in confinement without food, and of its being found in the water, at a considerable distance from the shore. - I do not wish either to defend or perpetuate error, and acknowledge that the rattle snake appears to be a heavy and sluggish reptile ; yet it will be recollected that there are now found in this extensive country at least five well defined species of rattle snake, and that the "habits of some of these are very litle known to natural- ists. 'The fact is now pretty well established, and is gen- erally admitted by naturalists in this country, that one or more of our species of rattle snakes in the South and West have been seen on fences and on trees to a consid- erable height. The letters of Col. Abert of the uU” S. Topographical Engineers and others who have had the best means of ascertaining these facts, published in the American Journals, go far to prove that the observa- tions of Audubon in this respect have not been exagge- rated. Under an impression that some of these statements iss xm i os D e ed È PER ie dE E EM d a m$ Toa et Ce am c iibi al re a DR E Jen TEE Bam IURE A ie eR Ae qom EUER 3 ` USA eS E d EE E aaa eh m 1) AS RB meh ei i ec PRÉC. of the “ Birds of America.” 17 may be new to your readers, I take the liberty of sending you the following extract from the letters of Col. Abert published in the Monthly American Journal of Geology and Natural Science, Nov. 1831, page 221. * [ have been informed that some of our learned city gentlemen have doubted the truth of his (Audubon’s) representation of the rattle snake attacking a mocking bird’s nest (Turdus polyglottus, Linn.) from an opinion that the rattle snake does not climb ; an opinion by the way, more common in our cities, than with the hunters in the wilds in which this reptile is generally found. But as I am possessed of some facts on this subject, which prove that the rattle snake does climb, I will in justice to Mr. Audubon relate them to you.” * Ist. When Lieut. Swift of our army was engaged on the survey in Florida in 1826, his attention was suddenly called to a group of his men within about one hundred feet from where he stood. ‘They had just killed a snake, which the men assured him they had seen seize a grey squirrel on the limb of a tree, about fifteen feet from the ground and fall to the earth with it. When Lieut. Swift had arrived at the place, the snake was already dead and much mangled. He did not examine it forthe rattles, but his Florida hunters, who are as familiar with the ap- pearance of the rattle snake as we are with that of the chicken, told him that it was a rattle snake.” * 9d. General Jessup, the Quarter Master General of _ our army, assured me in conversation a day or two since, that he had seen the rattle snake upon bushes, and par- ticularly stated one case in which he had seen a snake of that kind up a Paupau tree ( Porcelia triloba, Punsu). He added that in one of his excursions in the woods of the West he had actually witnessed a scene similar to that of Mr Di aa Ng a ai m aa 1 vor. LVE > WE dn * 18 Remarks in Defence of the Author But he does not recollect whether in this instance it was a rattle snake or not.” 3d. General Gibson, the Commissary General of our army has also assured me that he has seen the rattle snake upon bushes and upon the top rail of fences. He likewise stated a case in which he saw a rattle snake in the fork of a tree about eight feet from the ground, coiled” and at rest. ‘The tree stood by itself and the diameter of its trunk was upwards of one foot. He knocked the snake out of the fork and killed it. I could cite many other cases, “ but I prefer limiting myself to these, as I am personally acquainted with the gentlemen named, and received their stories from their own mouths.” « Now after these facts I cannot suppose that anty's rea- sonable man will doubt the ability of the rattle snake to climb. Both Generals Jessup and Gibson are well ac- quainted with this snake, and good observers and fond of the woods. The latter particularly so, being now one of our most expert sportsmen, and has been during his life stationed in almost every State of our Union. He is also particularly attentive to the habits of the animals which in the course of his amusement, he seeks either to obtain or to destroy.” I am in possession of unpublished certificates (of a similar character with the above,) from Dr. Cooper, re- cently President of the South Carolina College, "That the rattle snake sometimes takes to the water, ani 400076 cònssderable distance fonr ha rek" water is a fact now fully established. Dr. Leitner, a German botanist, now residing in this city, and on whose veracity the fullest reliance can be placed, authorizes me to state, that in exploring the Floridas during the last ies, be met: viti: ocning qe d gx i A ç | i í * 3 2 d 3 : 3 ] ; Ë Dia Mis LM She aie hea au ron pecs eae touche dA V DIP Ras tap So or E NEU. of the “ Birds of America.” 19 Bay, on the western coast of Florida, a mile from the shore. This was also witnessed by Dr. Randolph and Mr. Hackley who were in company. How long this reptile can subsist without food I am unable to say. I have seen a rattle snake eat in confine- ment ; but of four or five that were kept in the Charleston Museum during the whole of the last summer, not one of them tasted a morsel of food, although rats and other living animals were placed in their cage. That the rattle snake in its native woods feeds on squirrels as well as on rabbits (Lepus Americanus, GmeL.) and rats is well known. I have myself seen the largest of our squirrels ( Sciurus vulpinus, GwEL.) cut out from the body of a rattle snake, as well as a Florida rat (Arvicola Floridana, Ongp) and the latter animal (a circumstance not generally known) occasionally breeds on trees as well as the former. In what manner these quadrupeds were captured, whether by stratagem, or by being seized in their nests at night, or by being run down in the manner of the black snake, no one is able positively to state or to contradict. Possibly, tle snakes may yet be discovered to be ` in their habits, possessing a degree of activity at night which is not exhibited by as, unless hard pressed by hunger. The hunters of Carolina who go in pursuit of deer by torch-light, speak of their frequently meeting the rattle snake in their nightly walks, actively engaged in search of prey. On a subject, then, where there exists such a diversity of opinion, let us not too hastily condemn “aman who describes what he asserts he has seen, since so many of his statements which at first appeared some- what incredible, have been corroborated by the recent observations of naturalists. E to the experiments of Audubon. m. power of smelling usu: d to the turkey buzzard, * 20 Remarks in Defence of the Author ( Cathartes aura, Yurxa.) Facknowledge that he has adopted views opposed to the long established opinions of naturalists. But no one who will read his paperon the subject, con- taining a full detail of a number of experiments on the habits of this vulture, can deny, that if he intended to deceive the world, he certainly chose. a subject where detection of error was easy and certain. In our southern cities, these birds, with a kindred species (Cathartes iota, Bonar.) commonly called the carrion crow, are so abun- dant in our streets and on our house-tops as to have become a nuisance. . Mr. Audubon, in his frequent visits to this city, has fearlessly invited investigation on this subject. During his absence, he has written to me on several occasions, urging me to make farther experiments- On the 16th of December, during a visit of Mr. Au- dubon to this city, I commenced a series of experiments on the habits of the vultures (C. aura et C. iota) particularly as regards their powers of smell and sight, which continued with little intermission till the 31st. Written invitations were sent to all the Professors of the two Medical Colleges in this city ; to the officers some of the members of the Philosophical Society, such other individuals as we believed might take an interest in the subject. Although Mr. Audubon was present during most of this time, and was willing to render any assistance required of him, yet he desired that we might make the experiments ourselves ; that we might adopt any mode that the ingenuity or experience "s others could suggest for arriving at the most correct conclusions. The manner in which these experiments were made, together with the result, I now proceed to detail. There were three points on which the veracity of Audubon had been assailed. 1. Whether is the Vulture gregarious? 2. Whether he feeds on fresh as well as * TOUT E of the * Birds of America.” 21 putrid flesh? 3. Whether he is attracted to his food by the eye or the scent ? I. Whether the vultures of this country are gregarious ? That vultures during the breeding season, and occa- sionally at other times, fly singly, is well known ; but such is also the case with all our birds that usually keep in flocks, witness the wild pigeon ( Columba migratoria, Lin.) and the robin (Turdus migratoria, Lin.) and many of our water birds. But that our vultures are in the true sense of the word gregarious, is a fact well established. In most cases, in the interior of our State, as well as in the environs of this city, considerable numbers are found in company, from three or four to forty or fifty. ‘They hunt for their prey in company ; they feed together on the same car- rion; they perform their gyrations in great numbers to- gether, and they roost together. I have visited their roosting. places, a sight well worth travelling many miles to observe. In some deep swamp or occasionally on high ground, surrounded by a thicket of vines and thorny shrubs usually composed of Zizyphus volubilis, ErrroTT, and several species of the Smilax and Rubus, the buzzards resort for years together to spend their nights. Here, on some dead tree, and fre- quently on several that may be standing near each other, they are crowded so close together, that one or two hundred may be counted on a tree, and frequently thirty or forty on a single branch. The ground and bushes within a certain extent are covered with the excrements, which by their acidity, have destroyed the whole undergrowth of shrubs and plants, and every blade of grass, so that the surface presents an appearance of -beving enti several thick coatings of whitewash. aiit IIl. Whether our vultures cones on fresh, as well as putrid food ? On als is head it ry to make & 22 Remarks in Defence of the Author experiments, it bemg a subject with which even the most casual observer amongst us is well acquainted. The roof of our market house is covered with these birds every morning, waiting for any little scrap of fresh meat that may be thrown to them by the butchers. At our slaughter- pens, the offal is quickly devoured by our vultures whilst it is yet warm from the recent death of the slaughtered animal. I have seen the Cathartes aura a hundred miles in the interior of this country, where he may be said to be altogether in a state of nature, regaling himself on the entrails of a deer which had been killed not an hour before. Two years ago, Mr. H. Ward, (who is now in London, and who was in the employ of siilibdenepiical Society of this city) was in the habit of at the foot of my garden in the suburbs of Charleston, she fresh carcasses of the birds he had skinned ; and in the course of half an hour both species of vulture, and particularly the Cathartes aura, came and devoured the whole. Nay, we discovered that vultures fed on the bodies of those of their own species that had been thus exposed. A few days ago, a vulture that had been killed by some boys in the neighborhood, and had fallen near the place where we were pt our epu attracted, on the him in the repast. In this instance, the former chased away the two latter to some distance, an unusual occur- rence, as the black vulture is the strongest bird and gen- erally keeps off the other species. We had the dead bird lightly covered with some rice chaff where it still remains undiscovered by the vultures. -~ HI. is the vulture attracted to its food by the sense of smell, or of sight? A numberof experiments were tried da * m. E SP re of the “ Birds of America.” 23 to satisfy us on this head, and all led to the same result. A few of these I shall proceed to detail. 1. A dead hare, (Lepus timidus, Lin.) a pheasant, (Phasianus Colchicus, Lin.) a kestrel, (Falco tinnunculus, Lin.) from a recent importation, together with a wheelbar- row full of offal from the slaughter-pens, were deposited on the ground in a retired situation at the foot of my garden. A frame was raised above it at the distance of twelve inches from the earth. This was covered with brush wood, allowing the air to pass freely beneath it, so as to convey the effluvium far and wide, and although fifteen days have now gone by, and the flesh has become offen- sive, not a single vulture appears to have observed it, though hundreds have passed over it, and some very near it, in search of their daily food. Although the vultures did not discover this dainty mess, the dogs in the vicinity, ‘who appeared to have better olfactory organs, frequently visited the place, and gave us much trouble in the prose- - cution of our experiments. 2. I now suggested an experiment which would enable us to test the inquiry: whether the vulture could be attracted to an object by the sight alone? A course painting on canvass was made, representing a sheep skin- ned and cut open. This proved very amusing ; no sooner was this picture placed on the ground than the vultures observed it, alighted near, walked over it, and some of them commenced tugging at the painting. They seemed much disappointed and surprised, and after having satisfied their curiosity, flew away. | ‘This experiment was repeated more than fifty times with the same result. The painting was then phot within ten feet of the place where our offal was d. ! They came as usual, walked around it, but in no instance evinced the slightest - symptom of their having scented the offal which was so near them. 24 Remarks in Defence of the Author 3. The most offensive portions of the offal were now placed on the earth; these were covered over by a thin canvass cloth.. On this were strewed several small pieces of fresh beef ; the vultures came, ate the flesh that was in sight ; and although they were standing on a quantity beneath them, and although their bills were frequently within the eighth of an inch of this putrid matter, they did not discover it. We made a small rent in the canvass and they at once discovered the flesh, and began to devour it. We drove them away, replaced the canvass with a piece that was entire; again they commenced eating the fresh pieces exhibited to their view, without iacens the hidden food they were trampling upoet s ne 4. The medical gentlemen who were Biesbtby uote / inia a number of experiments which showed also inci- dentally, the absurdity of a story widely circulated in the United States through the newspapers, that the eye of a vulture when perforated, and the sight extinguished, would ina few moments be restored, in consequence of his placing his head under his wing ; the down of which was said to restore the sight. ‘The eyes were perforated; I need not add that although the eye refilled, and the ball became of its natural rotundity, the bird became blind ; and that it was beyond the power of the healing art to restore his lost sight. His life was, however preserved, by occasionally putting food in his mouth. In this con- dition they placed him in a small out-house, hung the flesh of the hare (that was now become offensive) within his reach ; nay, they frequently placed it within an inch oC Ms amiest the bird gave no evidence of any knowledge that his favorite food was so near him. This was repeated for several bd in ned "with the same results. [did not consider this, last ijinit so conclusive as others did, who witnessed it. The bird might not m of the “ Birds of America.” 25 have been wholly free from the pain inflicted by the operation, nor could he have been so soon reconciled to the new situation into which he had been thrown by the loss of sight; but in connexion with other ex- periments it strengthened us in the opinions we had rmed. After having resorted to the means detailed above; tà satisfy myself of the accuracy of the statements of Au- dubon as regards the habits of the turkey buzzard, refer- red to in Jameson’s Journal, I once more carefully read over his remarks on the subject, and now feel bound to declare, that every statement contained in that communi- cation is in accordance with my own experience, after a residence of twenty years in a country where the vultures are more abundant than any other birds. We were not aware that any other experiments could be made to enable us to arrive at more satisfactory results, and as we feared, if continued, they might MM offen- sive to the neighbors, we abandoned them. ; Y have thought proper to obtain the signatures of di following gentlemen who aided me in, or witnessed these experiments ; and I must also add that there was not an individual, among the crowd of persons who came to judge for themselves, who did not coincide with those who have given their names as coinciding in my conclusions. ` Rosert Henry, A. M. President of the College of South Carolina. oun Waener, M. D. i Prof. of ET the Med. College of S. Carolina. ROST, Prof. Materia nren Ar Med. "Coll. of S. Carolina. C. F. Ler r —. Lecturer on Botany e annal History. | dns B. B. Srnoszr, M. D. ` RTIN STROBEL- —— ee VOL. L-—— pamm i 4 o ae 26 Remarks in Defence of the Author It now remains for naturalists to account for the errors which have for so many ages existed, with regard to the power of scent ascribed to our vultures. Indeed it is highly probable that the facts elicited from the experiments of Audubon on our two species of vulture, strengthened by those instituted on this occasion, may apply to all the rest of the genus. Without having had many opportunities of observation, I am inclined to doubt the extraordinary powers of smell ascribed to the Condor of the Andes, ( C. gryphus, Lin.) and it would be advisable to make farther experiments on the vultures of southern Europe and Africa. Perhaps it may yet be discovered that all the birds belonging to this genus are altogether indebted to the eye in their search after food. Indeed Lam of opinion that whilst in quadrupeds (particularly carnivorous ones) the faculty of scent is their peculiar province, this organ is but imperfectly developed in birds. As it does how- ever exist, though in an inferior degree, I am not dis- posed to deny to birds the power of smell altogether, nor would I wish to advance the opinion that the vulture does not possess the faculty of smelling in the slightest degree, although it has not been manifested by our experiments. All that I contend for is, that he is not who it is known are indebted to their sight altogether, in discovering their prey. If our vultures had to depend on their olfactory powers alone, in procuring food, what would become of them in cold winters? In Kentucky, for instance, where they remain all the year, and where the earth is bound up with frost for months at a time, and where consequently, during that period, putridity does not take place. If they had to depend alone on tainted meat for food, how soon would the whole race (at least in our temperate climates) die of hunger. of the * Birds of America.” 27 How easily error may be perpetuated from age to age, we may learn from a thousand other visionary notions, which the more careful observations of recent travellers and naturalists have exploded. At this day, the belief is very general in this country, that immediately after a deer ( Cervus virginiànus, GwxL. ) has been killed, the vultures at the distance of many miles are seen coming in a direct line against the wind, scenting the slaughtered animal. This may be accounted for with a little observation, upon rational principles. When a deer is killed, the entrails are immediately taken out ; these, and perhaps the blood which covers the earth to some extent, are seen by some passing bird. He directly commences sailing around the the neighborhood. He is observed by those at a distance. The peculiar motions of his wings, well known to those of his own species, communicate to them the intelligence that something good for them is perceived: these hasten- ing to the place, give information to those who are still farther off, and in the course of an hour,a great number are guided to the spot. But it will scarcely be argued that this great concourse of vultures has been attracted by the effluvium of putrid flesh, since the animal has been killed but an hour before. * [n the prosecution of our experiments, we discovered that the powers of sight in our vultures, were not as great as those possessed by the falcon tribe. A dead fowl was discovered by them at the distance of 70 or 80 yards; a sheep at 100 or 120 yards. These however were sta- tionary objects, lying on the ground. One of their own species however, flying in the air, is no doubt observed by them at a much greater distance. It may easily be con- ceived why thesight of the vulture isless acute than that of hawks or eagles. The latter: prey a. rupeds, Rate i oe ae uk 28 Remarks, in defence of the Author chiefly upon dead birds, quadrupeds or reptiles, and fre- ` quently those of large size, which it requires no extraordi- nary powers of vision to discover. An argument much relied upon by those who advocate the doctrine of the ol- factory powers of vultures, is the circumstance of their usually flying against the wind, as if to discover and follow some current of tainted air. ‘This practice it may easily be perceived, is not more common to the vulture than to any other bird. It isa mistaken idea that birds in their migrations, or on any other occasion, prefer flying with the wind. This is inconvenient and uncomfortable to them; and the careful observer of the flight of birds, is well convinced that all birds—the vulture among the rest, prefer facing the wind, not to enable them to smell . their food, but to render their flight more easy and pleas- ant. _ It may next be enquired, for what purpose are the d nostrils, and the olfactory nerves given to the vultures, if -they are not intended to assist them in procuring their food ? - Tothis, Lanswer, that the olfactory nerves of our vultures; - . are not larger than those of many other birds, and their nos- trils are less even, than those of the hooping crane; (Grus Americana Temm .) which discovers its food, (as Ï strongly n bird. does;) by the eye "sep a wide orifice in the beaks ly considered as the nostril, is á probe bF a wise provision of miu to enable a bird which, from its filthy habits of feeding, is continually exposed to have its nostrils closed up — to blow/out any substance calculated to obstruct them. 'Thesame may be said of the hooping crane, which from the manner of its digging for roots in the earth is liable to the same incon- veniences. Several heads of the vultures are now in the hands of individuals connected with our Medical Colleges for dissection. A satisfactory elucidation of the subject r p s X : | E E È i | of the * Birds of America.” 29 will require time, patience and an extensive knowledge of comparative anatomy in regard to the various species of birds. The result of these investigations, will probably be communicated to the publicin the course of a few months. No naturalist in this country has ever bestowed so much of his time, industry and wealth, or made so many sacrifices to a favorite pursuit, as Audubon. To this he has devoted the most active portions of his life. 'To accomplish this he has traversed this wide extended country from the Atlantic to the very foot of. the Rocky Mountains; from the swamps of Florida and Louisiana to the snows of Michi- gan and the rugged rocks of Labrador, and if he is sup- ported by the approbation and the smiles of the generous and the just, he is desirous of extending his researches along the Gulf of Mexico, the borders of Texas, and even of crossing the Rocky Mountains, and exploring the rivers and valleys along the Pacific Ocean _ For the last two years and a half I have jim intimately acumen: with Mr Audubon. ‘He has resided in my family for months in succession. From a similarity of disposition and pursuits, he was my companion in my rambles through the woods and fields, and the enlivener of my evening hours. During his absence we were constant correspond- ents, and his letters, amounting to nearly a hundred, are now lying before me. His journals have been regularly submitted to my inspection. His notes and observations were made in my presence, and a considerable portion of the second volume of his, Ornithological Biography was writen under my, roof. 1 have carefully compared his first volume with the forthcoming one, and from all these opportunities which I have enjoyed of making a decision, I do not hesitate to state that the second volume will not fall short of the first in . purity, rn i of style, and that i de t will | s 30 Remarks in Defence of the Author and observation of three of the most active years of his life. The additions already made to American Ornithology by the labors of Audubon are immense ; suffice it to say, that he has already added upwards of one hundred species, not figured by Wilson. Some of these have been de- scribed in the valuable continuation of Wilson’s work by Bonaparte ; still, with these deductions, there will be an immense number of new birds published in the Work of Audubon, for a knowledge of which, the public will be solely indebted to his zeal, industry and experience. Amongst the other interesting discoveries made by him, may be noticed a new heron and an eagle, (alco Wash- ing toni, Auv.) the largest in the United States. Two species of pigeon, a humming bird, and a considerable number of the genera of the Muscicapa, Troglodytes and Fringilla. His services alone, in correcting the errors into which his predecessors had fallen, from the want of opportunities such as he has enjoyed, are invaluable, and will be duly ` appreciated by the lovers of Natural History. It may not be uninteresting to your readers to notice a few of these. In his recent visit to Labrador, to which i region he was led solely by his ardent zeal. for the ad- nt of science, he has ascertained that the Larus marinus, Lay. and the Larus argentatoides, Bonar. are the same bird, in different stages of plumage. In the Larus minitus, Bonar. and capistratus, Bonar. a similar mistake had occurred. The Ardea Pealii of Bonaparte, proves to be the young of the Ardea ruféscens as ascer- tained by Audubon, in the highly interesting and ornitho- logical region of Florida. The figure of Wilson of the Rallus crépitans given as the adult bird, proves to be that of a new species, found in the fresh water marshes of our southern country ; and the Falco lagopus, Law. is i a TRO of the “ Birds of America.” 31 only the immature bird of the Falco Sancti Johannis, MEL. In addition to this, the visits of Audubon to the breed- ing places of many other of our rare birds in the extreme North and South of our country, enabled him to investi- gate their habits more fully, and to describe them more correctly, than has ever been done before. _If the inquiry be made, what prospect there = be for the continuation of this work, in case the au d not live to complete it, I am happy to dun d pub- lication is secured, beyond the fear of accidents. The drawings of the birds for the whole work are nearly com- pleted, the materials for their history are collected and recorded, and there exists sufficient acquirement, in the members of his interesting and talented family, to carry on e work. - Let the literary world but award to Audubon the jus- tice which he merits, let the public continue to be indulgent and liberal, and this work cannot fail to prove a very important acquisition to the Natural History of America, nor to reflect the highest credit on the liberality of the British publie, that has hitherto so efficiently aided him in the publication of it, nor to establish an abiding monument to the fame of its author ; whilst it must con- tinue to be selected as the chosen companion of those who delight in the contemplation and investigation of the phenomena of nature, in one of the most interesting de- partments of her works. ART. iu ag cata OF A GIBBON, Jr. M. D. stow Lewis, Turse animals have been placed, by recent — naturalists, as a sub-genus of the Ourangs, with which they were confounded by the earlier writers. But their organ- ization demonstrates much more recession from the great standard, man, than the latter, more especially in the elongation of the anterior extremities, and their dental RR Tiger, a Prussian anatomist, has designated n le ee inhabitants "s the forests, and some remarkable addition: have been made to the genus, so that five species have been described by Lesson in his supplement to Buffon,* viz. ! - H. Syndáctylus, the Siamang. H. Lar, the Great or Black Gibbon. H. Leuciscus, Moloch or Cinereous Gibbon. H. Variegàtus, Little Gibbon or — i H. Unko, the Ounko. MS eae: To Much number Dr. „Harlan, of Philadelphia, added presenting differences from any of the above, I have been iduced to detail the results of my investigation. And as we possess in our cabinet, a finely prepared skeleton of * Histoire Naturelle Générale et Particuliére des Mammiféres et des Oiseaux découvérts depuis 1788, jusqu' à nos jours. Par R. P. Lesson, Vol. III. p. 362. t Journal of the Academy of Nat. Sciences of e$ = Vol. v. p. 229. P) REV AV e ne ERE TA Tee Description of a Gibbon. 33 what Dr. Jeffries, of this city has described as an ourang- outang,* and as I have lately made a dissection of another ourang which has been exhibited in this country. alive ; such advantages as these, have given a fair opportunity for more correct deductions by comparison. This animal, a female, was purchased at the same time with a male, from the menagerie of a Rajah at Calcutta, who said that they were obtained from the vicinity of the Himmalay Mountains, and had not long been in his pos- session. They were held in great estimation by him for their rarity. Both were purchased by the same gentle- man. The female died in forty days after leaving Cal- cutta, from a bowel complaint, and the male, being simi- larly affected, survived her but a fortnight. These ani- mals were reserved, very gentle, and uncommonly cleanly as to their bodies and their food. ‘They evinced great attachment for each other, as particularly appeared during the sickness of the female; the other holding her in his arms as a parent does her infant! and after her death he immediately refused sustenance, and, as before stated, shortly died. The body of the female was preserved in arrack, but the other, unfortunately, was thrown away. Their food was rice. Their only manner of walking was on their posterior or inferior extremities; the others being raised upwards to preserve their equilibrium, as rope- dancers are assisted by long poles in their feats. Their progression was not by placing one foot before the other, but by simultaneously using both, as in jumping. The * Geoffroy e regards the animal described by Dr. Jeffries as a young individual of the Pongo of Wurmb, and the great le of the spinous meu of the cervical vertebre, the want of the flat nails on the extremi the dengib-of.the sama pA r ^ habitat," seem to to justify his opinion. = VOL. H —PART I. = ES iai ag a pien a 34 Description of a Gibbon. animal arrived in a good state of preservation, and was dissected as minutely as was practicable, in the warm month of July. The hair was uniformly of a dirty brown ike over the whole body and extremities. None on the face, ears, palms of the hands, soles of the feet, or on the callosities of the buttocks. Face and hands were black. "The back | very straight and flat, the bases of the scapule approxi- mating closely. ‘The abdomen not protuberant.. Two pectoral mamme, terminated by long nipples. "Phe tho- racic and abdominal cavities corresponded to the human or- ganization. ‘The right lung had its three lobes. This i is appendix vermiformis was as in man. The pathological appearances. were, enlargement of the mesenteric glands, and ulcerations on the mucous surface of the intestines. - The facial angle of Camper was 60°. No cheek - The ears were very similar to the human, being furnished with the helix, or outer border. ` Callosi- ties small. ‘This animal was well advanced im age, as indicated by the obliteration of the sutures, and by the existence of she i. series of teth en: os frontis is nearly on a line superciliary arches, which wie eran developed. The cavities of the orbit are very deep and round, and the external orbitar processes project very much laterally. No mas- toid or, styloid processes. No traces of the existence of an intermaxillary bone. The teeth are thirty-two. The upper incisors rather oblique, but the lower perpendicular. The four superior are of about an equal size, the edges blunt. The external incisors are worn down by the action of the lower canines on = outer edges. The upper canines are = è ESERE AD FESSA LEE RN Ee eee NE EN 3 ee eee Description. of a Gibbon. 35 projecting, extending nearly to the mental foramina when the jaws are closed; their anterior edges worn by the lower canines. No lateral or grinding motion of the jaws can be effected by bringing them together, in consequence of the length of these upper canines. The two next are false molars. All the molars small. The four inferior incisors are small, of an uniform size, and have sharp, cutting edges. The canines project upwards as far as the alveolar processes of the upper jaw. The first false poin ‘There are twenty-five vertebre. The six lower cer- vical are peculiar as to their transverse processes, which do not extend as far as the articulating processes laterally, and they also project downwards. The atlas is by much the widest. The spinous processes are short, (as seen in the second plate,) and do not bifurcate; and these pro- cesses throughout the whole column, the atlas to the coccyx, form a perfectly straight line. - "Thirteen. dorsal - vertebre. The lumbar have some peculiarities. The superior articulating processes projectrupwards, — the — which terminates in a ` transverse processes of the fourth and fifth are large, k «- extend outwards. (See plate I.) Only one bone t to the coccyx. The sacrum consists at present of but one e, though some faint traces remain of a former division of t bone into three. The ribs are thirteen in number, very con- vex. The chest capacious and round. The first and second ribs are articulated to the manubrium of the sternum. The five next to the second piece. Six false ribs, four of which are floating. The sternum has three bones- The two first receive the Cartilaginous terminations of the seven at d has pe to it Ete, ensiform appendix. - 36 Description of a Gibbon. The clavicle is very long; four inches: humerus, eight and a quarter. Radius, ten, and, commencing at its tubercle, is flexed outward like the bow of a violin. Ulna same length, but straight and triangular. Carpus narrow, the pisiform and unciform bones large and pro- jecting, and, by affording a point of attachment to the flexors of the hand, perform the same office as the os calcis. From the fore-arm to the end of the phalanges six inches. Metacarpus very narrow at the carpal ex- tremity. Thumbs extend to a very little beyond the articulation of the first phalanx of the indicator with the pam mos tbttbimbe: bee very. minute sesamoid the th t and fl + hile the others are rounded, narrow, wii like claws. ` The ilia are flat, and nearly on the same plane with the vertebre. ‘The superior opening of the basin of the pelvis is of an oval sh m sacrum to pubis, and very large, being three inches i in that direction, and two and a quarter inches across. ` The pubis sharp, its symphysis one and a half inches deep. Thyroid foramen large and round. Tu- berosity of the ischium one and a half inches wide: Femur ad sl ipcoes Fiere A. igan s six and a half inches 1, anda little curved don mes Fibula stri OLA acon but very little backwards. Whole length of the foot five and three quarter . inches. Thumb of the foot extends to the union of the first and sedond phalanges. There are many sesamoid bones. Nails same as in the hand. The whole skeleton has a very delicate appearance, the bones being smooth, with- out any linee aspere. Height of the skeleton thirty-one inches. As my object in these minute details is, to establish a sufficient number of specific distinctions observable in this animal, and to endeavor to indicate differences Description of a Gibbon. 37 which are not described as belonging to those already detailed by naturalists, I will proceed to compare these with the five varieties already known, only remarking previously, that the osseous structure may be considered the best standard of distinction, better than height or color. The bones do not present so many anomalies as the other tissues of the animal fabric, and in all that regards Natural History, the constancy of the phenomena. should be the therefore only test of the truth. And ve based my proofs of this being an undescribed species chiefly on the of the skeleton. ` The first species named by Lesson, is the Samime or H. Syndactylus ; readily recognised by the indicator and middle toes being united as far as the middle of the second phalanx. It cannot be mistaken. ‘The second is the Hylobates Lar, or the Great Gibbon of Buffon, with white hands, “le gibbon aux mains blanches." The face is also of a greyish white. The third is the H. Leuciscus tle gibbon cendré ou Moloch.” This is the white variety of Shaw, the Wou-wou of Camper. The hair is long and woolly, and covers both the hands and fingers as far as the nails.* The fourth; or H. Variegàtus, is the Little Gibbon of Buffon. This species has the hair variegated with gray; brown, and deep gray. ‘The face is surrounded with gray hair, forming a circle, which passes: over. the forehead, the cheeks and under the lower j jaw. The four extremities are equally gray. Lesson, in a previous work,+ says, that this species only differs from the H. Lar in being a third less in height. The fifth and last, described by the French naturalists, is the H. Unko, and a curious fact tir organization is, that the females only of this Lesson. _ Op. cit. vol. iii. p- 390. es 38 Description of a Gibbon. species have the same consolidation of the bones of the foot, as was observed to be always the case in the species, or Siamang. And the same applies to the female of the fourth species. As the one now under considera- tion was a female, and had not this peculiarity, it cannot belong to either the fourth or fifth species. Lesson re- gards Dr. Harlan’s animal as the Unko.* The Ourang which I have recently had an opportunity of dissecting, and which is the same that has been ex- hibited alive in most of the cities of the United States, appears to be a young animal, of the same species as that described bios Dr: "deine - dits dentition: had not been completed, twent upright, but with an appearance TEADS fd in so doing ; from which circumstance, many were disposed to deny that this was its natural manner of progression ; but on dissection, it was found that this awkwardness arose from the right femur having been fractured ; the bones had overshot each other, and this limb was consequently about two inches shorter than the other. This skeleton now 4 belongs to Dr. J. C. Warren. As before stated, this Gibbon was of an MS dirty brown color; but the peculiarities are mostly seen in the n, which Ï shall now examine, and may deduce from them such proofs of aberration from the Gibbons already described, as may entitle this animal to be consid- ered as a distinct species. L. X is | y bone. Camper has mentioned, as one of the grand characteristics of man, his want of it. Even the ourang has it, and he is so figured * Nous ne pouvons pas dispenser de regarder comme une femelle -du gibbon ounko, l'animal décrit & figuré par le Docteur Harlan. Cependant, la description de cet auteur est si vague, qu'on. ne peut ener rette identité d'une manière précise. Op. Cit. Description of a Gibbon. 39 by Camper and Blumenbach. Vicq d'Azyr says, the intermaxillary bone is well detached fromthe superior maxillary in the ourang. It is quite distinct in the skele- ton prepared by Dr. Jeffries. Though in Dr. Warren’s, whose skeleton corresponds with the last mentioned in every other respect, there is no trace of one. 2. None of the Simie whose skeletons have been represented, exhibit such truly carnivorous, canine teeth, which in this case prevent any lateral movement of the jaw. The incisors have a more direc tion than any other of the ourangs or gibbons. 3. The transverse processes of the cervical vertebrœ are sharp-pointed, and are directed downwards ; and that of the sixth projects forwards, to beyond the body of the bone. It resembles all other Quadrumana by not having the foramina, for the transmission of the vertebral artery, in the transverse processes of the seventh cervical verte- bra. = The spinous processes are very small (as seen in plate II.) This I consider an important fact ; as Cuvier and Vicq d’Azyr make the length of these bony projec- tions an essential rom between man and the Simie. 4. There are thirteen dorsal, six lumbar, one sacral, and one coccygeal vertebre. Cuvier gives, as belonging to the Gibbon, fourteen dorsal, three lumbar, six sacral, and five coccygeal. Vicq d’Azyr remarks, that the coe- = is always longer, and composed of more pieces than in D In this there are thirteen rbs; in Dr. Harlan’ s, ; Latreille says they have always twelve. g ->Gu- The sternum is made up of three pieces, but dé third has no connexion with the ribs. Vicq d'Azyr* says, that in the apes it is formed of eight pieces. Meckel,t * rt ON vol. vi. p. 998. — t Anatomie iii. p. 468. 40 Description of a Gibbon. that in the Gibbon the first, second, and third pairs of ribs are articulated with the first piece of the sternum, that then follows a smaller piece which is situated between the third and fourth pairs of ribs, and that after this is a large portion which receives the ribs, reckoning from the fourth to the seventh. But in the animal under consider- ation, the first six ribs are united to the two upper pieces, and then comes a bony prolongation, which I have never seen in any drawing of the skeletons of the Simie. The Ourang which I have recently dissected has the sternum composed of four pieces. Dr. Jeffries’ has four. 1. I consider the nails of this -gnimal as deviating in a kable degree from the descriptions given by authors a SE lted, viz, d eoir diriz adik - Latreille* observes, that the ssi ofthe old uted lever their nails always flat, and instances the Gibbon, Lesson, in the work already quoted, p. 243, in his remarks on the Simie in general, adds, that the last phalanges are covered with flat nails, the Owistitis making the sole ex- ception. Stark, in his Natural History, in his sub-genus Ourangs, makes the nails similar to man in shape.. ZE Reni] If this Gibbon should prove to be an hitherto undeseri elige. it might be named the Hylobátes Fuscus, dina of a uniform, brown color. _ Plate I. is a _very accurate representation of the skele- ton ; a front view. DE Plate II. gives a side view of the head, and below, one of the Festa to exhibit the form of the nails. w. * Familles Naturelles du Rogne Animalo, p 42. d ART. IV.—ON THE CICINDELZ OF MASSACHUSETTS. i By Aveustus A. Goutp, M.D. Read March 19, 1834. Ir is my purpose, in presenting this paper, to commu- nicate such facts as I have collected in regard to the CrctnpeLm inhabiting this region. Though it professes to embrace only those of Massachusetts, yet, so far as I can learn, no other species have been found in New Eng- land, nor indeed have any others of the family CrcixpE- LIADÆ. Ï am aware that I have no new species to add to those already described by Fabricius, Olivier, Dejean, Say, Hentz, and Harris. Count Dejean, in his Species des Coléoptéres, has in some instances created confusion and uncertainty by giving new names to species described by American entomologists. In many instances, also, important characteristics have been omitted, and the de- scriptions we now have, have e "S tn a dun [vague and imperfect, for want of a sufficie or specimens of both sexes, from which to describe. The work of Count Dejean being rare in this country, and accessible to but few, I have translated his descriptions of new species, and have endeavored to supply those por- tions which to us are defective, because they consist of comparisons with other, foreign species, which the Ameri- can entomologist may perhaps never see. For many of the facts here embodied, I am indebted to Dr. T. W. Harris, who has kindly furnished me with his MSS. with permission to make use of them. He has divided the Cicindele of our — into Lane, e group dis- Pd eene e eli s è These d VOL. -— E 6 42 Cicindele of Massachusetts. prises such as have three teeth on the edge of the labrum, and the thorax contracted behind. In the second are placed those which have one prominent tooth only, on the labrum ; the thorax almost square and flattened above, but slightly widened behind, especially at the angles. They live in places where salt water occasionally reaches them. In the third group are placed the other species with only one tooth on the labrum, and with the thorax nearly cylindrical, sometimes elongated. + Labrum with three teeth, thorax contracted behind. eee Eu en Be files Quod ciir- ipek iiet. subviola- ceous ; lateral margin, entire humeral aad terminal lunule, and intermediate refracted, inflexed band, white. esa five eighths, breadth one fourth of an inch. Puare Ill. Fig. 2. Derma, Spec. des Coléopt. V. 231. C. latecincta, Lecontr, MSS. Heap cupreous, varied with violet; anterior margin and base of antennz brighter ; front a cinereous hair, prostrated to each side; very distimot ruge encircling the etween the ; antenne, hee basal joins violaceous green, the rest dusky green ; labrum white, with three prominent black teeth on its anterior edge, and five punctures bearing hairs, one at the base of each tooth, and one near each posterior angle ; mandibles black, with two thirds of the anterior and lateral portions white; palpi dark green; second joint of the labials white, in the male. TRUNK cupreous, varied with violet; bright cupreous and hairy at the sides; thorax quadrate, somewhat nar- rowed behind ; submarginal, impressed lines brassy ; ele- er ye eee | ee ee, ae Roe P ` Cicindele of Massachusetts. 43 vated portions rugose; elytra bright subviolaceous or blackish, deeply punctured with green, with sometimes two longitudinal series of deeper punctures, the outer one bifurcated near the humerus; suture and margins cupreous green; white margin entire, with a very broad humeral and terminal lunule and intermediate refracted band, white; anterior lunule directed obliquely backwards to- wards the middle of the suture and attaining half the distance ; intermediate band refracted at a right angle about the centre of the elytron, its dilated extremity in- curved and reaching the suture ; feet and thighs bright green ; above brassy. Aspomen greenish blue; very hairy; tail purple. This species received the name of latecincta from Major Leconte in letters to Dr. 'T. W. Harris, and others, under which name he intended to describe it, but was anticipated by Dejean. It is our largest, and one of our finest species. It is found, not in roads, but in sandy localities both on the seabeach and inland, in company with several of the other species. The first brood appears in May and June, the second in August and September. Its legs are short, its breadth great in proportion to its length, and its general aspect is heavy. It varies much in color, from brilliant violaceous coppery to nearly black, apparently from age. Dejean compares this insect in his description to the albohirta, which last he described from two male specimens, by comparing it with the trisignáta of Europe ; so that his description is of very little service to the American entomologist. 2. CICINDELA VULGARIS. C, seus on ach elton aimee whiti of which are curved, and the int = n ated 44 Cicindele of Massachusetts. Length of male 22, of the female 2$ of an inch ; breadth 35 to 13 of an inch. Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. New Series, l. 409, Pl. XIII. Fig. 1 C. obliquata, Desean, Spec. des Coléopt. 1. 72. This species is one of the harbingers of spring. ‘The first brood appears in April and disappears by the first of June; the second appears in August and continues till the end of September and even later. It inhabits dry and dusty places in roads. d. CICINDELA PURPUREA. C. head, impressed lines and margins of elytra, green, . the latter with a central, reclivate, oblique, abbreviated band, terminal line and intermediate dot white. "Length 23. to 23 inch, breadth Z; to 25 inch. Ourvier, Il. 33, fig. 34 _ C. marginalis, Fas. Des. Spec. des Coléopt. 1. 55. Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. New Series, I. 55. Pl. XIII. fip. 8. The C. spléndida of Hentz, Trans. Amer. Philos. bee N. Series, III. 254. PI. II. Fig. 3, is a southern closely allied to this. Tt inhabits dry paths in woods and fields, appears very early, often before snow is M and again in August and September. 4. CicINDELA PATRUELA. C. green, elytra with an interrupted humeral and ' terminal lunule, and an intermediate narrow, sinuated and abbreviated band, white. Length eleven twentieths, breadth one fourth of an MA. PI. HI. Fig. 4 Cicindele of Massachusetts. 45 Dzszaw, Spec. des Coléopt. I. 62. Heap bright green with bluish reflections, destitute of hairs; finely granulated ; labrum dingy white, with three small teeth and six marginal punctures; mandibles bronzed, with a white spot at base; antenne with the four basal joints green, terminal joints rufous. Trunx. Thorax as large as the head, convex, slightly narrowed behind, minutely granulated; humeral and terminal lunules interrupted, anterior half of the latter, rounded,—the posterior, transverse and triangular ; inter- mediate band composed of a triangular portion based on the margin, surmounted by a comma. Beneath, bluish green. Legs green, trochanters pur- ple. The range and habitat of this species is somewhat sin- gular. It has been found at Burlington, Vt. on the shores of Lake Champlain, about Cape Cod, (Sandwich and Martha’s Vineyard,) on sandy hills at Wilkesbarre, Pa. and on Pilot Mountain, N. C. il 5. CICINDELA SEXGUTTATA. C. greenish blue, polished; each elytron with three marginal, white dots, the two first nearly equal, the last transverse and terminal. Length 43 to 23, breadth & of an inch. Fas. Syst. Eleut. 1. 241. _ Oxivier II. 33. Desean, Cat.1. Spec. des Coléopt. I: 53. fum. Trans. dan Philos. Soc. N. Series, 1. 414. Pl. XIII. fie. 4. This species is seen in the hot days of May, June, : and July, usually on rocks, basking in the sun; sometimes, but rarely; on gravel walks, and dry paths in woods. 46 Cicindele of Massachusetts. 6. CICINDELA RUGIFRONS. | C. bright green; mandibles slender, longer than the head ; elytra with a subsutural series of punctures, two marginal dots and terminal lunule white. Length 1% to 2, breadth 3, to 3 of an inch. Desean, Cat. 1. Spec. des Coléopt. Y. 51. C. denticulata, Hentz, Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. N. Series, TI. 254. Pl. IT. Fig. 1. Harris, N. E. Farmer, VII. 90. The whole insect is polished, bright green, reflecting hright biui g a CONEA => _ Heap, front conspicuously corrugated, hairy in the male only ; antenne short, four basal joints bright green; ‘ter- minal ones dusky; labrum transverse, narrow, white in the male, purple in the female, with three black teeth and six submarginal punctures ; mandibles very long and slender, purple, with a white spot at base; palpi green in the male, greenish black in the female. Trunk. Thorax the size of the head, rounded, slightly rugose; elytra broad and short, rounded behind ; nearly impunctured, except a subsutural series of punctures, with elevated centres ; a minute marginal spot near the humerus, a large triangular one about the middle, and a terminal —]hunule, white; Ce 5 © ES . The C. obscira of Say, sonearly corresponds to this, in every respect, that it must be merely a black variety. The C. unicolor of Dejean, is also merely an immaculate variety. In fact, every possible variety, which could be made from the presence or absence of its Spots, are found. The anterior dot is generally wanting ; in twenty-five specimens, now before me, it exists in only one. In one specimen, the only marking is a trace of the terminal lunule ; in Cicindele of Massachusetts. 47 another, a vestige of the triangular spot. Mr. Hentz has thus designated six varieties. They live on sands in great multitudes, in company with generdsa and vulgaris. I have them from Mount Auburn, in Cambridge, and Martha’s Vineyard. Tt Labrum with only one tooth ; thorax quadrangular, flattened above, dilated behind. "i. CICINDELA DORSALIS. cis C. bronzed; elytra white, each with two curved lines on the disc, suture and curved branch near the base, green ; tail testaceous. Length of male 43, of female 42, breadth of male ay; of female £ of an inch. Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sciences, I. 20. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. N. Series, I. 415. Pl. XIII. Fig. 5. | : C. signáta, DgsEAN, Cat. 1. Spec. des Coléopt. Y. 194. This well marked and beautiful species has, as yet, been found nowhere in this region except at Martha’s Vineyard, whence, with other valuable insects, I have received numerous specimens through the kindness of Dr. L. M. Yale, who informs me that they are very abundant on the sandy shores of the ocean. They may doubtless be found at Nantucket and many similar local- ities about Cape Cod. The dilatation of the elytra in the female is very remarkable ; so that while in the male the margins are nearly parallel, their terminations rounded, and their outline curvelinear, their extremities are apparently truncated, and their outline is alto ret] Ê angular in the female. Mr. Say’s figure in the Philos. Transactions represents the male. ‘The same difference 48 . Cicindele of Massachusetts. between the male and female is also very conspicuous in the hirticóllis and albohirta. The markings in many specimens are obsolete, or have become effaced by age. 8. CICINDELA MARGINATA. C. olivaceous, obscure, sometimes with cupreous re- flections ; cheeks, sides of the trunk and abdomen with short, dense hair; each elytron with a whitish margin, two abbreviated branches, an intermediate refracted one and two dots at base. Dn 18 to 24, breadth of male 75, of female 19 of an po Syst. Eleut. I. 941. — Sage Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. N. Series Pl. XHI. Fig. 6. C. variegáta, Dezean, Spec. des osipe I. 84. This species is remarkable for the length of its legs and antennx. The thorax, in the female at least, resembles in shape that of dorsàlis. The elevated white spots at the base of the elytra distinguish it at once from all other species. ‘This species inhabits barren patches of earth on salt marshes, where the tide occasionally flows, sometimes in company with the Airticóllis and albohirta. When disturbed, they betake themselves to the high grass, which they sometimes climb, to escape the rising tide, instead of flying before its approach. The markings, as observed by Mr. Say, are in many specimens nearly or quite obso- lete, and they seem to disappear after death in many cases. ‘They more nearly resemble those of albohirta than those of hirticóllis, to which Mr. Say compares them. In the female, the elytra are somewhat widened in the middle, and have a remarkable, oblique deflection at the tips, which gives the appearance. of a deep and wide emargination. P RE. Pee ene vate satis oe tn : m RES. CEN A IM he ps £ Cicindele of Massachusetts. 49 =- Two or three varieties may be designated. Var. a. Elytra purplish or bronzed, and all the markings obsolete, except the terminal lunule. Var. g. Elytra greenish brassy, immaculate. he C. blanda of Dejean, seems to be a variety with a predominance of white. ++ + Labrum with one tooth ; thorax nearly cylindrical, sometimes elongated. 9. CICINDELA HIRTICOLLIS. C. obscure cupreous, Een bluish green, trunk each side brilliant cupreous, hairy; elytra with two lunules, intermediate refracted band, and outer margin, white. Length of male 1$, of female 29, breadth 3; to 4$; of an inch. : Say, Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. l. 90. Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. N. Series, I. 411. PI. XIII. Fig. 2 C. repanda, Des. Spec. des. Coléopt. I. 74. Generally found in roads, » Sometimes on the sea beach. 10. CICINDELA ALBOHIRTA. C. head and thorax brassy green, hirsute with erect, white hairs; sides brilliant cupreous ; elytra subviolaceous bronzed ; lateral margin, humeral and dentated terminal lunule and intermediate recurved band, white. -Length of male 4$, of female 32, breadth of male -2,, of female H of an inch. Plate III. Fig. 1 Bison Spec. des Coléopt. Il. 425. . Heap cupreous varied with blue and green, densely covered with long, hoary hairs, except behind the eyes; antenne, basal joints bright green in the male, brassy green in the female; terminal ee dusky ; labrum white, VOL. PART t. MISSOUR BOTA E ts GARDEN. 50 Cicindelœ of Massachusetts. with a single tooth and ten submarginal punctures bearing hairs ; mandibles long, dark green, tips and teeth black, with a white spot at base ; palpi yellowish white, terminal joints green. : Tronx brilliant cupreous at the sides; thorax quadrate, brassy green, hairy; submarginal impressed limes blue; elytra dark bronze; with violet reflections ; densely punc- tured, generally with a subsutural series of larger punc- tures; external margins subparallel in the male, dilated a little past the middle in the female; tips finely serrate, -rounded in the male, subacute in the female, mucronate ; marginal white line entire or but slightly interrupted near the terminal lunule ; anterior lunule originating on -the humerus, continuing along the margin and abruptly curved towards the scutel, terminating half way ; the intermediate band directed obliquely forwards is refracted at an acute angle near the middle of the elytron, and continuing nearly parallel with the suture, is incurved and somewhat dilated at tip, which attains the sutural line ; feet cupreous red ; trochanters purple. AxspomeEN greenish blue ; tail purple. I have concluded that the insect here described is the albohirta of Dejean, though it would be difficult to make it out as such, from his description, because he has given us no independent characteristics. On referring to his description of generdsa, however, which he compares with albohirta, the doubt is greatly removed. It appears to be confined to the sea beach near the open sea, in company with the generdsa, and sometimes the Airticól- lis, with which last it has probably been confounded, and from which it differs very little, except in size. ` It seems to bear the same relation to Airticóllis that the generdsa does to vulgaris. In this species; the anterior lunule and intermediate band are parallel and directed a Cicindele of Massachusetts. 51 little forwards; in hirticéllis they are parallel and trans- verse ; in vulgaris they are parallel and directed back- wards, and in generósa they converge and form a triangle. By these marks alone, the four species may always be readily distinguished. ‘The markings are generally more or less effaced, and: sometimes obsolete, especially in the male; and as in the margindta, it is much more common to find the markings defective than perfect. In the male, the green color seems to predominate over the cupreous. It is a very active insect, and not easily captured. They have been taken in Massachusetts on Ipswich Beach, ‘Chelsea Beach, and Martha’s Vineyard. 11. CICINDELA DUODECIMGUTTATA. C. obscure bronze above; elytra with the interrupted humeral and terminal lunule, and the flexuose, abbreviated, interrupted band white. aa 1$ to $4, breadth 47 of an inch. Prarz III. fig. 3. Did, Spec. des Coléopt. 1. 13. Heap obscure bronze, somewhat brassy; front pile- cent with cinereous hairs; antennæ with the basal joints bronzed green, Eimi joints dusky; labrum white, narrow, somewhat sinuate anteriorly, with six or eight marginal punctures bearing hairs; mandibles, which are nearly twice as long in the male as the female, dark green, with a large, white spot at base anteriorly; palpi dark green, second joint of the labials white in the male. Trunx. - Thorax quadrate, sides somewhat curvelinear, hairy. at margin ; impressed lines greenish blue; feet green; thighs cupreous; elytra obscure bronze, sub-paral- lel, » Convex, rounded and finely serrated at tip; densely punctured, with traces of two longitudinal series of larger 52 Cicindele of Massachusetts. punctures; exterior and sutural margins cupreous; a white ‘spot at the basal angle, another further back, replacing the termination of a humeral lunule; a short, narrow band, slightly sinuate in the middle, recurved at tip towards a white dot near the suture ; a posterior lunule, sometimes entire, but generally interrupted, leaving its anterior ter- mination disjoined in form of a dot. Beneath. brilliant greenish or metallic blue; sides of thorax and breast ` cupreous. This is a common species. It loves the vicinity of salt water, and appears in March, Sen and Ec and T: in ME eie 19. Cindri HEMORRHOIDALIS. C. above, obscure cupreous or r bluish black ; elytra with the entire humeral lunule, the recurved, sub-interrupted t one, the sinuate, abbreviated, intermediate band and marginal dot, white ; abdomen Semon Length 47 to 15, broudth ze to 35 of an inch. Prark Ill. fig. 5. = Taxes, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. N. Series, HH. 254. Puare IL. fig. 2 Harris, New Bidai Farmer, VII. 91. C. Heutzii, Desean, Spec. des Coléopt. V. 1. Heap cupreous, with two lines between the eyes, anterior margin and cheeks, greenish blue ; eyes large, prominent, brown, with fine strie around RE basal joints of antenne bronzed green, the others obscure brown; labrum dingy white, somewhat rounded before, with six marginal punctures bearing hairs; mandibles short, dark green, second joint of TUS whitish, Trunk. Thorax quadrate, somewhat narrowed behind as long as broad; obscure cupreous, marginal. impressed Cicindele of Massachusetts. 53 lines greenish blue ; minutely wrinkled transversely, sides hairy ; elytra bluish black or obscure cupreous, somewhat widened behind, rounded and mucronate at tip; a faint, subsutural line of punctures; marginal and sutural edges narrow, bluish green; humeral lunule short, almost or quite interrupted in the middle and dilated at extremities; a transverse band, composed of two half crescents united at their tips, of which thedower is much the largest and points backwards, the other forwards; behind this a rounded, marginal dot, united, in perfect specimens, to the transverse band; anterior extremity of the terminal lunule nearly or quite disjoined ; legs long, bluish green ; trochanters purple. Beneath, head and thorax metallic blue, breast green, sides hairy. ABDOMEN ferruginous red, sanguineous in the living insect. This very interesting species was first discovered by Dr. T. W. Harris on the summit of Blue Hill,-in Milton. It does not prefer the sand and the plain, as do most of its kindred species, but its habit is, to bask on the broad, flat masses of granite which rise above the soil, retiring to the patches of moss and lichen which vegetate in the cavities and crevices. So far as I have been able to learn, it has hitherto been found only in the above-mentioned locality and one other in its vicinity, though it may probably be found throughout the whole Blue Hill range, extending to Quincy, and in similar localities. When flying in the sunshine, its crimson and nearly transparent abdomen appears like a drop of blood suspended to its tail. On this account the very appropriate name hemorrhoidalis was indicated by Dr. Harris to Mr. Hentz, both of whom published Skapis of it about the same time. this name it was sent by Mr. Hentz to Count Dejean, who also described it, under the uncouth and distorted 54 Cicindele of Massachusetts. name of Heutzit (which he undoubtedly meant for Hentzit) instead of the descriptive one of hemorrhoidalis which we choose toretain. It greatly resembles duodécim- guttata, especially in those specimens where the extremi- ties of the lunules and fascia are disjomed, as they fre- quently are. ‘The markings are, however, broader and more distinct, and it is a more slender and lively insect. The solitary tooth on the edge of the labrum is very minute, and situated in the middle of a slight emargina- tion ; it is nearly obsolete in the male, and quite wanting in the female. This is a northern species, and bears the same relation to the punctulata in the north, as do the abdominalis and rufivéntris (if they be indeed different), to the same insect in the south. Dr. Harris remarks that he has never found it except between the Ist and 20th of August, though he has often sought it at other seasons. À 13. CICINDELA PUNCTULATA. C. obscure cupreous; beneath, varied with blue and purple ; each elytron with a few white points and terminal lunule, white ; an undulated line of distant, green punc- tures near the suture. Length of male 43, of female i$ breadth of male $y, of female 38, of an i Ouver, II. 33. Fas. Syst. Eleut. L 241. Dezean, Cat. 1. Spec. des Coléopt. I. 101. Say, Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc. N. Series, L 420; PI. II. fig. 2 Like a aa. this species has but one brood in a season, which appears from the middle of July to September- They frequent dry paths in fields, seldom in roads. be Macle of Lancaster. 55 "The two last species, together with the rufivéntris and abdominalis, are so nearly allied, that they might with propriety form a subdivision of the third group. ART. -V.—AN ACCOUNT OF THE CHIASTOLITE OR MACLE OF LANCASTER. By Cnanrzs T. Jackson, M.D. Read April 2, 1834. Awoxa the singular forms nm fy ee none, perhaps, are more curious than those of the mineral called CurasroLrrE, or Macrr. This mineral occurs abundantly in the town of Lancaster, upon an eminence called George Hill. It is imbedded in clay slate passing into mica slate. The whole mountain is composed of clay slate, but only a bed, of about ten feet in thickness, is charged with the Macle. 'This bed may be examined upon the road side, where the boundary line divides the towns of Sterling and Lancaster. Besides this bed of Macles, there exists an immense abundance of erratic blocks or boulder-stones which are scattered in great profusion upon the south east side of the hill, none being found on the north west. This fact I consider of value in geology, | as it concurs with so many others, to prove, that at some period since the creation, there has been a powerful cur- rent of water rushing over our continent from the north west towards the south east: — a current of such mighty power as to carry away with it enormous quantities of large, rounded boulders, and deposit them many miles from their original localities. It is highly probable that this was effected by that last grand cataclysm sie. overwhelmed the world, and to which the traditions and religious belief of every nation give ample testimony. ` ` The curious and beautiful forms of these crystals cannot * 56 Macle of Lancaster. fail to attract the attention of every intelligent observer who may have an opportunity of viewing them. It was by endeavoring to ascertain how these crystals were formed, that the author of this article was first led to investigate the structure of minerals, and to read some of ` those interesting sermons that are written in every stone. If the same feeling of curiosity is excited in those who may read this short and imperfect essay, and any one is induced to study the subject which has afforded him so much pleasure, he will consider his labor of some value, since it may be the means of bringing new and more effi- cient laborers into this comparatively little eue" field of science. ` The name Chiástolite or Crucite was given to this mineral by Karsten, and adopted by Jameson in his Sys- tem of Mineralogy. The first of these names was derived from the resemblance which the dark lines of the crystals bore to the Greek letter X. — Crucite signifies a stone like a cross. Haüy gave the name Macle now generally adopted for the mineral. Previous to this, Romé de Lisle had used this term for those crystals now called Hémitrope, or half turned round sections of erystals. Haüy defines the term Macle to signify a prismatic crys- tal, whose interior is hollowed out. For my own part, if the mineral were to be considered a distinct species, I should prefer the old name Chiástolite, as more descrip- tive of the specimens met with in this country. The name Macle, às used by Haüy, is more appropriate to the French and German varieties, which are generally very small, and have the exterior crust very thin, and difficult to study by itself. From a long and attentive examina- tion of the forms assumed by this mineral, I came to the conclusion that it is identical with Andalisite, from which it differs only in respect to the arrangement of the crys- = Macle of Lancaster. 57 talline groups. ‘Ten years since I prepared fac simile drawings of the principal crystals upon which this opinion is founded. These figures were freely circulated among the various mineralogists who visited me at Lancaster. Among others, they were shown to President Cooper, of Columbia College, S. C. who urged me to publish them, which I promised to do in the Boston Journal of Science and Arts; but that publication having soon after ceased to appear, I never laid them before the public. I men- tion this to account for the fact, if my notions on this subject should now be found wanting in novelty. ` Ï ob- serve Mons. Beudant, in his Mineralogy, published two years since, advances as his opinion, that Macle is only a variety of Andalisite filled in its interior with clay slate, in which it had crystallized while that rock was in a gelatinous state. He differs from me in some of his views, especially in considering each Macle as one erystal, while I maintain, that they are mostly groups of crystals, assem- bled together by the law of groupment, and prevented, in some instances, from coming in contact, by the argilla- ceous paste in which they were formed. The drawings and specimens I have given will prove the cor of my views. Plate IV. Fig. Ist, a 6 represents the two extremities of a crystal two inches long. It will be observed, that the black substance in the interior of the group has a pyramidal form, the base being represented by a and the summit by b. Fig. 2d, c d, a crystal three inches in length, which shows the separate individual crystals constituting a group or Macle. The form is per- ceived to be generally that of a right square or rectangular prism, some of them having been rendered a little rhombic, by unequal pressure during crystallization. Fig. 3d, e f represents the two extremities of a crystal two inches Tong, gs on its transverse a the perfect figure of —PART I 58 Macle of Lancaster. a rectangular cross, the entering angles being truncated. Fig. 4th represents a group of crystals arranged in the form of a true cross, but having a small, solid crystal in the centre. Fig, 5th represents a section of a very hard and compact erystal, which has a black rhomb in the centre, from which lines diverge to the solid angles, divid- ing the crystal into four parts, the lines being in the diagonal of a square. Fig. 6th, ? k represents a very curiously complicated group of crystals; the whole being two inches long from the extremity itok. A very remarkable difference is observable between. the figures of the base and summit. Fig. 7th LEM two crys- tals intersecting each other at angles of 609 and 1900. Fig. 8th, 9th, 10th, and 11th are views of extremely hard crystals which are found in micaceous argillite ; their forms are peculiar. Fig. 10th shows an emarginate crys- tal. Fig. 12th, atwin group. Fig. 13th, a crystal having a little quadrangle in the centre, surrounded by a crust of red colored Macle and the whole exterior of the crystal is enclosed in a pearly crust which may be easily cleaved from the enclosed crystal. Fig. 14th represents a soft decomposing crystal of a greenish grey color. Fig. 15th a a very delicate line of the Macle arranged in the shape of a rhomb. Fig. 16th, a very hard crystal, having all the characters of the common Andalisite, ex- cepting the minute rhomb in the centre. Fig. 17th, a singular group of separate crystals. Figs. 18th, 19th, 20th, and 21st, other varieties of form assumed by this curious mineral. From measurement of more than a hundred specimens I find the form of the white or reddish substance of the Macle to be a right square, or rectangular prism, some- times a little rhombic. ‘The form of the Andalüsite is, according to Phillips, 91° 20’ which nearly coincides Macle of Lancaster. 59 with our mineral, the difference not being more than could be easily accounted for by disturbing causes during crys- tallization, to which all the varied and beautiful forms under which this mineral appears must be referred. Haüy thought from observation of the natural joints of this mineral, that it had an octaedron with a rectangular base for its primitive form. This I am disposed to doubt, and refer it at once to the form of Andalüsite, which is a right square, or slightly rhombic prism. It is singular that this mineral should have remained so long without having been analyzed, and can only be accounted for by the imperfection of foreign specimens, and the difficulty chemists anticipated in its attack. Berzelius examined Macle before the blow-pipe, and gave his opinion that it was probably a subsilicate of Alumina, a result which I have since proved by the analysis accompanying this article. _ After waiting in vain a long time for some chemist to make an examination of this stone, I at last determined to set the question of its composition and nature at rest, by analyzing it. Having enjoyed opportunities of procuring fine and perfect specimens of the mineral during my resi- dence of three years in the country where almost eve rock in the fields contained them, I made a plentiful col- lection of all the varieties which this mineral presents. For analysis I took a Macle from a dark, bluish-black, micaceous clay slate from Lancaster, similar to fig. 9, and having carefully freed it from the surrounding matrix, I dissected out the black, rhombic prism from its centre, as foreign to the crystal. ‘The specific gravity was found to be equal to 3.03. Hardness equal to that of Andalusite, or == 7.5 of the scale Mohs. Before the blow-pipe it is infusible and becomes white. It dissolves with great difficulty in glass of borax, and the glass had a yellowish 60 Macle of Lancaster. tinge when exposed to the oxidating flame. With car- bonate of soda it swells and decomposes, but does not melt. Moistened with nitrate of cobalt and exposed to the blowpipe it acquires a fine blue color. It dissolves slowly in phosphate of soda. ANALYSIS. The mineral was broken into fragments in a steel mortar, and reduced to impalpable powder in one of agate. "Dl he powder was of a greyish white color. Process A. To determine the quantity of water it contained, fifty grains of the powdered mineral were sub- jected to a red heat for fifteen minutes in a platina cap- sule. It became of a brownish color, and when weighed was found to have lost 0,75 gr. The change of color was owing to the conversion of prot into per oxide of iron. Process B. To separate the oxide of iron the powder was digested with muriatic acid for six hours, and when thrown on a filter, washed, dried, and ignited, was found to have lost three grains. The filtered liquid was now treated to excess with liquid ammonia, and the precipitated oxide of iron collected on the filter, washed, dried and ignited with a little wax to reduce it to the state of prot- oxide. It was entirely taken up by the magnet, and when weighed amounted to 2 grs. Process C. The, powder from which io had been separated was now attacked by three times its weight of pure caustic soda, to which sufficient water was added to form a thin paste with the powdered mineral. The whole in a platina crucible was first heated carefully, to expel cautiously the excess of water, the cover being nearly close over the crucible. It was then covered and subjected to a full red heat in the furnace for an hour. Macle of Lancaster. 61 The mass was completely fused, and being softened with water, was entirely dissolved in dilute muriatic acid. The solution was now evaporated to dryness and heated to render the silicic acid insoluble. 'The mass was then moistened with muriatic acid, and the soluble muriates dissolved in water, leaving the silicic acid, which, col- lected on a filter, washed, dried and ignited, weighed sixteen grains. Process D. The solution and washes were reduced in bulk by evaporation, and then treated with a solution of carbonate of ammonia in excess, to precipitate the alumina. ‘The whole was then thrown on a filter of known weight, and the alumina separated by the filter was thoroughly washed with hot water for thirty-six hours, until the water came away pure. ‘The alumina being dried and ignited weighed thirty grains. Filter, when burned, gave 0.5 gr. alumina to be added to the above. Process E. The alumina redissolved in sulphuric acid left 0.5 gr. silicic acid to be added to that obtained by process C. To determine if potash was contained in the mineral, I examined the filtered solution and. washes, by means of the muriate of platina, but found no trace of its presence. This mineral consists then, in 50 parts, or, in 100 parts, Process C & E, Silicic acid, 16.5 33.0 =D, Alumina, 30.5 61.0 "B, Prot-oxide of iron, 2.0 4.0 CR PN Water, A15 1.9 loss 25 loss .5 50.00 100.0 — 62 Macle of Lancaster. According to Bucholz and Vauquelin, Andalusite con- sists of Bucholz. Vauquelin. Si Si. 32.16 Al 60.5 Al. 59.94 Ox. Iron 4.0 Potass 8.1 —— Ox. Iron 2 101.0 loss 6 100.50 The similarity in composition between the specimen of Andalüsite analyzed by Bucholz and that of the above mineral is obvious, and is sufficiently near to prove their identity as mineral species. By adding up Bucholz's analysis we perceive there is a gain of one grain in a hundred. ‘The potash obtained in the analysis by Vau- quelin may have been derived from the materials which he employed ; but as we have not the details of his analy- sis it is impossible to discover the sources of error. - Macue must now be considered as a variety of Anda- lùsite which, from disturbing causes and crystallization in a gelatinous medium, has assumed the curious forms of natural mosaic work. ART. VI.—OBSERVATIONS ON A SHELL IN THE CABI- NET OF THE BOSTON SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY, SUPPOSED TO BE IDENTICAL wirH THE MUREX ARUANUS or LINNAUS anp tHe FUSUS PROBOSCIDIFERUS or LA-’ MARCK. Read Dec. 18,1833. By A. Binney. Tue systematic works on Conchology contain many descriptions of shells, made up from reading and copyi rather than observation, in which error is so blended with truth, that it is difficult to distinguish the species intended tobe referred to. This happens sometimes in consequence of the great rarity of the shell, which cannot be obtained for comparison with former descriptions, and sometimes from the carelessness of the compiler, who takes upon trust, what has been copied from author to author, instead of seeking the original sources for correct information. A remarkable instance, in which probably both of these causes have combined to produce error, occurs in the — of the shell to which Linneus gave the name of Murex Aruanus. This species is extremely rare in this country ; the specimen under consideration being the only one which has come under my observation in the principal cabinets; and as the most recent conchological works only copy the description, and refer to the figures of the early authors, which would not be the case if it could be found in the public collections, it may be con- sidered equally uncommon in Europe. It is the largest and heaviest of the univalve shells, and its characters are so distinct and well marked, that it could not have escaped the attention of conchologists, had it been more common. How far they have noticed it, will appear in the follow- ing remarks, 64 Observations on a Shell, &c. The earliest description which I find in the books to which we have access, is in thé work of Buonanni, entitled * Recreazione del" Occhio et della Mente," in which there is also a figure, intended doubtless for this shell. His de- scription is as follows: ‘'Trocho che per antonomasia si può dir Magno e Doppio, perchè si trova grande quanto è la ` figura quí posta; Doppio poi, perchè sembra éssere di due turbine composto ; è solcato con ottima divisione da capo a piede, e dove le volute si congiungono raggiorasi un cordone, che gratissamente sporgendo in fuori, le dis- tingue.” In a Latin translation of the same, work, which was published a few aec later, under the title of ** Mu- seum Kircherianum etc." the same figure appears again, with the following description: ** Antonomasticé Magnus et Duplex appellandus. pent enim cæteros magnitudi- ne, et ex duplici turbine in basi simul coeuntibus, videtur compositus.. Pulchro striarum transversarum dispositione sulcata. Qua spirarum turbines coaptuntur, rotunde strie circumferunter, alterum ab altero discriminantes." These are evidently descriptions of the same shell, with only such slight differences as would naturally occur in describing the same object at different times, with this exception, that in the Italian description, the shell is said to be called great because it is of the size of the figure annexed, which is only four or five inches long ; while in the Latin description, it is stated to exceed all others in magnitude, and hence to be called emphatically great. This discrepancy was doubtless accidental, and may be explained on the supposition that the author intended in the first instance to have annexed a figure of the natural size, or to have accompanied it with a scale, or some other mode of indicating it. This oversight is worth notice, as the correction of the error, and the indication of thes great size of the shell, have been overlooked, while the length Observations on a Shell, &c. 65 of the figure seems to have been referred to by ‘most authors as the correct standard. Rumphius, in his “Thesaurus imaginum Piscium, Tes- taceorum,” etc., gives a figure probably intended for the same shell. I have not-seen the text of his work, but notice through quotations in other works, that he states its habitat to be the Island of Aru. Figures are also to be found in the work of Martini and Chemnitz, and in Favanne’s Dictionary ; but as there are no copies of these works in this city, I have not been able to refer to them. “The shell figured by these authors, was described by - inæus under the name of Murex Aruadnus. His de- scription is compounded from the figures of preceding authors, and is so remarkably meagre, as to induce me to believe that he had never seen the species to which he was giving aname. It is probable indeed, that he never saw many of the shells which he described. The cabinets to which he had access must have been poor and uninter- esting, formed more for display than for scientific utility, and in his great desire to give a place to every created object, he was often obliged to satisfy himself with inaccu- rate representations. His descriptions of course of, and probably increased their errors, and hence, some of his species cannot now be identified, even in the most complete and ample collections. His description, as given in the 12th edition of his * Systema " is, “ Testa patulo- caudata ; spira spinoso-coronata. Habitat ad Novam ; Chinam. Testa ponderosa, rudis, sepe nigra, seu sub-corrulea." "The next systematic work in which our shell is noticed is that of Bosc, which forms a part of the continuation of Deterville’s edition of Buffon’s works. He contents him- self with a simple translation of the above description into French, oa VOL. 1,=PART I. 66 Observations on a Shell, Yc. Dillwyn, in his descriptive catalogue, thus characterizes it: * Shell ventricose, with the spire conical, and coronated with spines; aperture dilated, with the beak long, and the pillar flexuous.” * Chemnitz's figure is five and one quar- ter inches long, of which the beak occupies two inches. It is coarse and ponderous, and slightly ribbed transversely.” From these remarks of Dillwyn, itis apparent that he had no specimen before him, and that he only repeated what had been said by others, referring to Chemnitz’s — as if that indicated the size of the shell. Wood, in his “Index Testaceologicus,” gives an. unco- lored figure, and states its length to be five and a half inches ; both of which circumstances men that he ps followed the path of preceding authors. - Lastly comes Lamarck; and on his daitean we may rely with confidence, as they were written from s actually before him. He describes a shell under the name of Fusus proboscidiferus as follows: “testa fusiformi, ventricosa, transversim sulcata, fulvo-rufescente ; anfrac- tibus angulatis, supra planulatis ; angulo tuberculis nodi- formibus coronato ; spira, parte superiore cylindracea, proboscidiforme, apice mamillari, labro intus levigato.” .* I received this shell," says Lamarck, ‘ under the name of ‘trompe d Aru, but the characters and synonymes of Linnæus and Gmelin do not correspond with it. This Fusus is very remarkable on account of. the superior part of the spire, which resembles a straight trunk or proboscis, as it were inserted and terminal. Length 3 inches 11 lines.” On examination of this description, I believe it will be manifest that ours is the same shell; the only obscure character being that relating to the Sad of the spire, which js said to resemble a proboscis. In what this fancied re- semblance consists I cannot say, but Iam not surprized Observations on a Shell, &c. 67 that he could not identify his shell with the descriptions of preceding authors, these being so vague and loose as to give a very imperfect idea of the shell intended to be represented. It is possible that some deformity caused the remarkable appearance noticed by him in his specimen. On reviewing the preceding descriptions, I think I am justificed in concluding, that since the time of Buonanni this shell has been rarely seen, and that the descriptions in the books are mere copies, one from another, down to Lamarck, who possessed a small specimen. The great size and beauty of this species induced me to suppose that conchologists would be gratified to see a new and correct figure, (see plates V. & VI.) anda more perfect descrip- tion, which I now add. Fusus Arvanus. Pl. V. and VI. Shell fusiform, ventricose, large and ponderous, of a uniform light yellow color externally, and pale flesh color within ; transversely striate, the striae gradually becoming larger from the summit to the body whorl, where they are distinct furrows. Spire conical, crowned at its summit with nodular tubercles, which gradually decrease and become obsolete as the whorls increase in size. Whorls promi- nently angulated, uniting with each other a little below the angle. Body-whorl large and ventricose, its angular carina about equidistant from the tip of the spire and ex- tremity of the canal. Beak long and somewhat flexuous. Pillar lip so far dilated as to leave a considerable umbilical - .. Outer lip entire and trenchant, within smooth and polished. Epidermis dark brown. = Murex Aruànus, Linnaeus. Sytema etc. ed. 12. No. Ps p- 1222. Mus. Reg. Ulr: No. 322. p. 641. usus proboscidiferus. LAMARCK. Vol. VII. p. 126. r p BOSTON JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY. Vor. I. MA Y, 1835. No. 9. ART. VIL—ON CERTAIN CAUSES OF GEOLOGICAL CHA. E IN OPERATION IN MASSACHUSETTS. Bv. n Hircnucocx, A. M., Professor of Chemistry and T History i in Amherst College. Communicated March 5, Tue object of this communication Me `= the atten- tion of the Society to certain causes dakana at work to z ity the surface of this State, but which seem hitherto en almost entirely overlooked by our geologists. f them do, indeed, exert only a very limited influ- ence. But at a time when every fact illustrative of the dynamics of causes now in action is eagerly sought after, none, however feeble, should be overlooked. I do not mean that these causes (except perhaps one or two of them) are not described in the treatises on geology ; but merely that their operation has not been noticed on this side of the Atlantic. In describing them I hope so to avoid ical obscurity, that my statements will be intelligible ` man of se sense, whether a geologist or not; Causes of Geological Change Ê aman somes common enough along our coast. They consist of the i remains of ancient lowland forests, now submerged a few | os feet below the sea, though sometimes laid bare at low water. The vegetables found in them are such as now grow in swamps along the coast; and peat is not un- commonly found. This is the case, according to Lt. Jonathan Prescott, in the harbor of Nantucket, where nd one of these forests, when it was. gredeeó; and” ce cedar. ( Cupréssus deyéides. ) y much decayed, except the cedar, which * . These relics were buried. lx inen gÀ w ; about the sa h (a few feet) beneath the an dn the d ocean, i it would see same cause had produced them all. But geologists have not discovered any cause which elevates or depresses either land or sea so uni- formly as this effect seems to require. The draining of a swamp on the coast, by the bursting of its sandy bar- rier, whereby the loose materials settle down into a more compact state, will explain some cases of this kind. Earthquakes, also, do sometimes cause the land to sub- side. But no such agency has been known to produce a submarine forest. Nor is there any decisive evidence that the waters of the ocean are subject to a slow eleva- 1 tion. So that, upon the whole, although we can ex- plain the origin of submarine forests in particular pla it seems difficult to account for the great similarity o circumstances under which they occur all ogee the get ACTION OF ATMOSPHERIC AGENTS UPON ds Q going on where, we was several feet in i as some boulders « UA uspected that it had 7 * ` upon it in a large fair letters are incomplete. ` ' > letters are not cut in th stone, nor do they consist o; any foreign substance, like ink, or paint, spread over it. But they are rendered visible simply by the lighter color of the surface, where they were originally written, probably with some sort of paint, which for a time prevented the rock beneath it from decaying, while the decomposing process went on gradually on the other parts of the stone. By passing the fingers over the letters we perceive that they project a little, though scarcely enough to be visible to the eye. | _ Now as this inscription must have been made since the 1 - settlement. of that part, siy the State by the whites, we | j indi that a few of the 4 fect measure of the rate at which hard quartz rock will decay by atmospherical agencies ; though we cannot ‘say 23 but it may have been many years since the paint, with : TS which the letters were made, was so worn off that these, _ as well as the other parts of the surface of the stone, - . have been subject to decomposition. ALLUVIUM OF DEDE Tiwani ridges, wh ` both perpendicular naked ro ia ^ E tegi: rock, frost - commences the work of crumbling them down. Water, penetrating the fissures of these rocks, expands by -and forces them slightly asunder. "This mal r a larger portion of water the succeeding | =. thus the process goes on, until the columna; `> rock are urged downward by t 2 0) powerful rains. This p Dh ôrigin of those extensive slopes of fragments of rocks, or débris, which arrest the attention on the mural faces of the greenstone ridges in the valley of the Connecticut. Generally these fragments rise only about one half or two thirds the height of the ridge ; though sometimes they extend to the very summit.. Instances of this kind are sometimes regarded by geolo- - gists as a sort of natural chronometer, demonstrating the recent origin of the present state of the globe. It is It, however, if not impossible, to compare this levelling process with historical records. When the three causes of degradation above men- tioned,—frost, gravity and rains, =combine their maxi- a $ mum energy on the sides of steep and lofty mountains, they sometimes produce the well known and often terrific E phenomenon of land slips, or mountain slides. The ` ê - place worthy of notice; where these have occurred assachusetts, is on Saddle Mountain. Let a person se out that spur of this mountain called Bald Moun- tain, and from its: barren summit he can look directly down into that vast gulf called the Hopper, whose steep sides afe covered with trees of various species, with occa- sional patches of evergreen. On the northeast slope he will perceive several traces of these slides, whereby the . trees and loose soil, of considerable weight, have been ` swept down, sometimes from the height of sixteen. hun- . dred feet above the bottom of the valley. Itis not more x hans or eight years since one or two of these M 1 æ x * 74; > Causes of daigai Change T T these slides took place in 1784 ; and that it it swept away. one -— house, though the inmates escaped. xA. " [> ar ` POWER oF ICE IN REMOVING BOULDERS FROM LEONOR. and even T. eid degrees above and below. the freez- ing point. Over a large surface this effect may be con- siderable ; and when boulder stones, lying in shallow ponds, become partially enveloped in ice, they must feel the effect of this expansion, and be forced towards the shore ; since the expansive force must always act in that direction. As no antagonist force exists to drive the rock back again to its original position, the ultimate result of the freezing, during successive winters, must be, to crowd it entirely out of the pond. And may we not in this way explain the fact, that sometimes we see the margin of a pond lined with a ridge of boulders, while the bottom is comparatively free from them ? This curious fact has yet been noticed in but a few: places i in New England, probably because the attention of observing men has not been directed to it. t noue E EE OF THE -— UPON THE LAND. sa iiie. example of this kind. of action. e numero in this harbor, as far : . outward as the t rewster, consist chiefly of diluvial . sand and gravel, resting upon slaty, sienitic, and con- s glomeráte rocks. Beyond the Gi Brewster; however, this dilieriutis is wanting ; and the islands consist entirely of naked rock. It would be reasonable ; in Massachusetts. 75 that the diluvium had been washed away bos these islands, did we not actually detect the process. But at the Great Brewster, the work is going on before our eyes. Its eastern or outer side is a nearly perpendicular bank of diluvium, obviously wasting away by the action of the waves, that roll in upon it from the wide Atla c ; while the extensive beach, stretching away from its southern point in a westerly direction, is composed of materials swept from its eastern shore. Several other islands exhibit a similar process on their Atlantic shores. Can we doubt, then, that all the outer and rocky islands have been deprived of their coat of gravel and sand by a simi- lar process? : Whether the whole space between the Great Brewster and the outermost of the Graves, which is not less than two and a half miles, was once occupied by diluvium, cannot be certainly determined ; though very probable. Indeed, when one passes along the south ` shore of Massachusetts Bay, and finds nearly the whole of Plymouth and Barnstable counties made up mostly of the fragments of such rocks as are found in Essex and Suffolk counties, will he not be led to ask whether the whole of Boston harbor, and evèn most of Massachusetts Bay, may not have been produced by the long continued action of the waves, urged on by a northeast wind, and accelerated, perhaps, by diluvial agency? True, the mind is staggered in attempting to conceive of the im- mense period requisite for such a work by existing agen- changes which eur globe has diis: must prepare himself to admit many su h periods for their E n if nit + ^ $ ye T : E $t 3 16 ‘Causes of Geological Change $ I apprehend, however, that the dynamics of the north- east storms that prevail upon our coasts, is usually under- rated. One has only to look at the naked. sienitic rocks of Cape Ann, to be satisfied that they have been subject to a very powerful and long continued aqueous agency. But from the statements of several intelligent gentlemen, Ï Ï am satisfied that one cannot justly appreciate the power i of these storms without witnessing them. lam informed ` by Mr. Benjamin Haskell, who resides at Sandy Bay, on the northeast side of Cape Ann, that on Flat Point, in that vicinity, where the slope of the shore is very small, at the distance of nearly one hundred feet inward from high water mark, there lies ‘ what a farmer would call a winnow of boulders,” evidently thrown up by the waves ; and some of them weighing from fifteen to twenty tons. One of them, which weighs twenty-eight tons, has been driven southwesterly one hundred and six feet, across a considerable depression ; so that it must have been ele- vated in its course not less than ten feet. In the great hardness and. unstratified structure of the - y ,rocks of Cape Ann, (and the same may be said of those of Cohasset and Scituate,) we see the reasons why they have so successfully resisted this powerful agency, while the softer and stratified rocks that once occupied Boston harbor have given way before it. ; PURGATORIES. HTI Dena E x find the name Purgatory applied, in their vicinity, to | several extensive perpendicular excavations in the rocks "> of New England. The most extensive one occurs in i Sutton, Massachusetts. It is a vast chasm nearly | mile boag, in gneiss ; and its walls are for the mos ia *» in Massachusetts. Tl ` perpendicular, sometimes seventy feet high, Its width is upon an average, about fifty feet ; though for a consider- able part of its course, large (gp of gneiss occupy much of the fissure. The dip and directions of the slate that form its sides, correspond with those of the rocks generally, in that vicinity ; and hence it is difficult to im- pute its origin to a subterranean upheaving force ; for had the sides of the fissure been removed by such a solc, we should expect the strata to have somewhat of a quaqua- versal dip; or at least, that the fissure would. coincide with our anticlinal axis ; ; which is so far from being the case, that the basset edges of the strata cross the fissure nearly at right angles ; and they dip in only one direction. In the southeast part of Newport, Rhode Island, (or perhaps in the southwest part of Middleton,) the coarse conglomerate rock contains numerous fissures, crossing the seams of stratification nearly at right angles, run- ning parallel to one another, as well as perpendicular to the horizon. In a high rocky bluff on the coast. at the spot above named, two of these fissures occur, not more than six or eight feet apart; and in the course of ages, the waves have worn away the intervening rocks, so as to form a chasm about seven rods in length, and: sixty or seventy feet deep ; the sides being almost exactly perpendicular. This is called Purgatory ; and the sea still continues its slow work of extending the chasm farther into the cliff. P On the south shore of Newport is a similar fissure, in ` granite... It is not so extensive as that in the conglome- rate, being about twenty feet deep. During a southerly wind, the waves are forced into it with great violence ; js and on g its extremity, are driven upwards i dn ay to cibus height sometimes of Fie feet above the - "S. voL. I.—PART II. Y x a ^ Causes of Geological Change rock. Hence this fissure is called the Spouting Cave. Even the hard and unstratified granite yields ea under this vi iolent and everlasting concussion. _ s Was not the Sutton Purgatory produced in aE sume manner, during some period ip hen sax ^v What strange fancy has » cw to such finer: I know not. m wh an s originally by Catholic or Protestant, it ko z: be f easy matter to change it. 3 & É i FORMATION OF BEACHES ALONG THE COAST. Chatham Beach is perhaps the most remarkable forma- tion of this sort in Massachusetts. It forms the south- eastern extremity of Cape Cod; all of which was proba- bly produced in this manner. Twenty years azo this beach was an island, and a good harbor existed at ‘its northern extremity, which is now so entirely filled up, that ‘no indentation appears along the coast. Webb’s island, also, formerly situated near this harbor, is entirely washed away. Chatham harbor, once excellent, is now nearly ruined by these changes. According to Des Barres, who constructed a chart of this coast in 1772, Chatham Beach had extended for thirty years previous to that time, at the rate of a mile every twelve years. "a . The i impression in the vicinity is, that it advances south- erly about a mile in eight years. But a respectable writer i in the Barnstable Journal says, that it has — ly three miles in seventy years. ding to the same writer, Nauset Beach, which ste = “mile southerly in the last fifty years. "Around. — eonnects with the mainland at Eastham, has extended a Nes t in Massachusetts. 39 harbor the salt marsh has so much increased, that three hundred tons of hay are now cut annually, where only flats existed forty years ago. Ionomoy Beach extends southerly from Chatham to- wards Nantucket, and was formed by increments at its sae extremity, A few years since the sea made a its, northern part, so that it is now an "E des dy Neck e uum eastward nearly across Barnsta- rbor, ard continues. to advance in an easterly OEE deere oe : 3 e ad Smith's Point, which E the southeastern extremity of io. was nearly in the same situation when Des Barres constructed his chart, as at present. But since that time it has been shortened a mile or two, and again extended. Details of this kind might be multiplied were it neces- sary; but they are not of much use to geology, unless the precise rate of advancement and retrogression can be Such facts make one feel as if such low sandy islands as. Nantucket were sliding beneath his feet. . But that. no large island on our coast has been very essentially chang- ed since man was placed on the globe, is evident from the fact, that their shores often exhibit cliffs of clay and sand in regular layers, constituting a distinct tertiary formation, whose period of deposition must be placed earlier than the creation of man. koa i a "m. Ses Tm OR DOWNS. OPS Frequently on the coast, the sand i is s carried, up _ upon the land by the waves and spray, that the pn # 7 > * a e xf "S A». * i E 80 - Causes of Geological Change — ' waves do not force it. back. After it is dried, the sea breezes force it still further inland ; and in the course of time, ridges of considerable elevation are form T. EE famous under the na dun downs. shores of Cape Cod they Te 2 one E dam. 7 sometimes as much as sixty or seventy feet" nigh. At the eastern extremity of the Cape they move westward ; | and they threaten at present | e villa ' and harbor of e Provincetown, if not arrested by the beach grass, which E has recently been transplanted to their summits by. omer 3 of government. I cannot learn that any of. the dunes of Cape Cod have yet produced much injury to farms or villages, as they have done on the eastern continent. í The sands of Africa, it is well known, have advanced as far as the Nile, burying cities and fertile regions of great extent. And it would be strange if the future history of the southeast part of Massachusetts should not contain 1 catastrophes of a similar kind, though of far more limited. too extent. Hes But few dunes occur in the interior of Massachusetts. | In the valley of the Connecticut I have noticed them on | E a small scale in Montague, Hadley, and. Enfeld, Ct. wd _ These, in consequence of the prevalence of northwest | | and westerly winds, are slowly advancing towards the T mee s | * ICE FLOODS. gei ca hoever has not witnessed the breaking up of ariver UC E itainous region, after a severe winter, when its a vered by ice, several feet thick, can : ae i : a 4 " t = a t. ra * 7 s ï x RX a * ae 2^ zi in Massachusetts. 81 s ich 5 nstan es. ‘The ice, towards the source of the BP. Bend era lly first broken in pieces by the swollen ae Large masses are thus thrown up edgewise, and ed underneath the EN sheet, and the whole bed * ^ so that the water appen: and a slowly moving column of ice is all that is seen. This presses with such force against the bottom and sides of the stream, as like heavy thunder, to cause the earth to tremble for miles around. Sometimes the body of ice becomes so large, and the fric- tion so great, that the waters are unable to keep it in motion, and it stops; while the river ís turned out of its channel, and is compelled to flow for weeks, and even months, in a new bed. ` ` It is impossible that such floods bond not operate powerfully to modify the surface in alluvial regions, and to excavate the beds of rivers. Iam confident that no . other agent in the mountainous parts of this state is so rs energetic. Though its effects are not small in alluvial gions, yet I apprehend that its maximum power is seen ‘those rocky ravines, through which such rivers as the erfield and the Westfield pass, among = mountains. int idea of the force exerted by a stream in ` them an erratic character. “In short, c streams, a cause E adequate to th: Mr | è ues t bould A TE * WE Dod of local catalogues of in as. ^ ES vy directories to the collector, and their importance to the in- T a teresting subject of Botanical Geography , need not be E urged upon those for whom this paper is written.» It is : Re hi value will become still more ice m and iu are À = ` ” they will be multiplied until definite H lish * »* " € : WU n à 83 : ade phia, by Big Recut Flora Columbiana, Florula Louisvillensis, McMurtrie.—6. doviciana, Rafinesque.—T. Catalogue of Plants bhgui P Hen don daly (vid. Medical Repository,) by , m ei Ww. Eddy —8. Do. of the island of New York, Le- ^ conte. i. Medical and Philosophical Register, Koh, CE L.) )o. in the iniy of New York, M xu n Y Drake.—11. Do. | a by Grece ena L B 6: Do. of the vicinity of Yale ë * College ; Prof. Ives.—17. Do. of Charleston, S. C. and x vicinity, Rev. J. Bachman.—18. Do. of £o EE "s C PR and vicinity, Mr. Gibbes. m. ` A first essay of this kind is almost acie incom- plete, : and that in proportion to the extent of the examin- ation. - "The present is the result of a collection made i Ww 2 ? little more than two seasons at intervals from other en+ gements, and much ground still remains unexamined. Still it embraces over a thousand species, about tw: hun- dred less than are reckoned as belonging to the state of _. Massachusetts, more than half the number dem d n 34 E X. , Elliows Botamy of South Carolina and Georgia,* and. : of the OE. co It PR believed, that no * n E ofe tent, contains such a rich a A call 3 Sarou a rae Mo Í " the species enue in ed at Smithville, at the mout of the river, are also ï in-- geo - Indeed much of the low land in the vicinity is above the level of the ocean. -The climate may retty well determined from the following table of rature, made from observations taken in 1832. À Phe thermometer was placed in the shade on the north < side of a house. Observations taken six times a day, om 8 and 3 diui; A. x to 11. P. M. Fractions omitted. this place of about two n miles radius. A ee collect. ; tS * Ï have apt: LE for forming an mm frio ` Calendar foe Wilmington, but the follo es show * the flowe g time of a few plants in suber i: des E i ils in flower, 2 ENS A, s Red Cedar. and Elm . *.. Viola ner LN Cardamine Virginica, : à AN “s ` 2 aD sep bursa-pastoris, . . 5 Mie rn) - - ite E at devote. which is about in XN ic period. of flowering = ng ; By a paper i Dr. Bigelow, i in the Memoirs o gh American Academy, Vol. IV., there appears to be a . 4 ference of about two months in the flowering time of « som * d of these plants at Wilmington, and the same at Boston and | +. k _ Albany ; but this is true only of early flowering species which parcady to expand in the first warm day, of Spring. z n gh. b Sing « Vw. ^ = `k £ 4 P á E < . Eaa - n ï i 86 ` Curtis’s Enumeration of * s. ^ i ; flowering with sufficient accuracy for the latitude of Wil- ` =. mington, though I have noticed a few that are earlier than . he gives them. — WS et The Catalogue is arranged according to the Natural Orders of Professor Lindley, as applied to our Flora, by Dr. Torrey, in his Appendix to Lindley’s work. The nomenclature is intended to be that of Eaton’s Manual, (fifth edition), that work being in more general use, and containing more plants than any other to which I could refer. The popular names in use at Wilmington, as far i as they are known, and the localities of a few rare spe- ; cies, are given for the benefit of such as may have occa- sion to'refer to the catalogue on the spot. ` Most of the plants are abundant. am It has occurred to me while preparing this paper, but too late to profit by the suggestion any farther than to offer it to others, that a classification of the soils peculiar. to the district, to which the several species may be refer- red by appropriate characters, is a desirable appendage to Catalogues of this kind. The botanist, and especially the => florist, would find it interesting and profitable to know thé = „ habits of the plants, as indicated by their choice of soils. | ` NS The terms wet, dry, shady, &c., suggest ideas as different | _ . aş the features of the country we inhabit, and are too ) indefinite for general application. f $ - om In preparing the Catalogue I have been kindly assisted | by Dr. Torrey, whose name will-at once ensure confic ` dence in its general accuracy. To him have been com- municated nearly all the doubtful and new species, and they have received numerous corrections and references, The most difficult species may, therefore, be regarded as the most accurately-referred. In my own part of the labor, eee © T | DS a | ë ©. © Plants around Wilmington, N. C. 87 it is not unlikely that mistakes and oversights have been committed; which, if discovered, will be rectified hereaf- ter. Some species remain undetermined and may form the subject of another paper. - To Dr. James F. McRee, of Wilmington, an accom- plished. Botanist and Florist, I am particularly indebted for numerous contributions of plants, which escaped my own observation. To bis labor and research no small part of the Catalogue should be ascribed. Situated in such an extensive and inviting field for the prosecution of the study of Natural History, it is much to be hoped that he will hereafter find ample time for investigating the subjects of his favorite departments, for which his refined > taste and accurate observation so eminently qualify him. T. " i ARALIACER. Aralia spinósa. UMBELLIFERS. | = Hydrocotyle vulgaris, repanda umbellata. ingilia R (R. P.) Cicüta maculàt Daucus pusillus ? (Smithville). Eryngium aquaticum, Button Snake Root. m, ` Virginiinum. Œnanthe a ngifòlia ; ; (Sium rigidius Ell! S. PLA En s. dentic ulatum, EU.) ; M: A a. i iiy fia =n: 1 O (r. P.) onmia um Canadénse. Fo i ee Uraspérmum d estés daliemids B E irgin _ Clématis cylindrica i > Bell flower. : Virginica. (r. P.) =e tica Americana. (R. P.) _ ! | Ran culus —€— Á. ` | bulbisus, var. Mappiredidy introduced). z l us, E en ape achyspérma, : A quilègia Cárie; ` Thalictrum revolùtum. * dies ^ TENER Pap àver rh R. P. e coñifislirs ; introc ing e s. c Blood root. | NYMPHEACER, ` Nesh decem NNO I Yellow water lily. ` = odorata. Pond lily aie oe p irpüre Pac Nue aquática. (Ditches i in Potter's rice b-3 ial, : PODOPHYLLEJX. Podophyllum peltàtum. May apple. s | E ym | S CRUCIFERAE. icana? Sea kale. rhomboidea. (Cardamine rotunda, Ma.) (R. P.) Not seen). amine Virginica. (C. Pennsylvinica, W.) Water cress. o pu idyma. | FEE Mo : av: A álteri. (Nastürtium tanacetifoli , Hk.— x N. palüstre ð? tanacetifolium, - C... Sysímbrium i lt.) "e x A t tanacetifolium, Wa $ i x i | ` : $ * t p * +. * 4 * P Plants around Map NC. w. d Lepidium o Wild peppergrass. à Sisymbrium canéscens, $ ` offici wile: Yr ie = Thlaspi bursa-pastòris. "cm FUMARIACEX. as Corydalis aurea. mio APPARIDEX. ` : Cleome pentaphylla. O an itle ferry. Introd.) ACEX Porcélia parviflóra tioba. “Fetid shrub. MAGNOLIACEE. < > > | Magnólia uipitala, : = 9k glauca, Bay tree. Ex CM grandiflora. Laurel. Large magnolia. 3^ Liriodéndron xac Tulip tree. Poplar. EU LAURINEX. ë Laurus bia, (2) White sassafras. ben bush. Spice fu Tae e Red bay. > ài a? : se, (3 Rod sassa UE La um Canadénse. (m. eo À GO Enk MALVACEÆ. Eod d Hibíscus moscheütos i m ` (Branswick). Virgi Malva rotundifolia. Sida repens. E "E Vicia cracca, sativa. à Zórnia tetraphylla. i | 5 ` ` ` URTICEZX. d | Borhmàfiifejlindria. Urtica capitata, ULMACEJE. Black jack. f : ; dhuibh; Post oak. s phellos, : | prinos, t3 ; s à; ae emend cg 7 * Live oak. - (Sea coast). ofi i Castànea mila, Chin ee ` Fagus sylvâtica. Beach. BETULINE. ` > =. Plants s Wi ludin N.C. 95 ' | $ “sautomn. ; idis Salix nigra ub e us ih ase vitellina ? . (Lii t idge). p š a p | Populus angulata. Cotton tr heterophylla, Ph. Ell. (argéntea, Mr. Icon.) PLATANER. Liquidambar styraciflua. Sweet g Platanus occidentalis. Button woo Sycamo ae MYRICEX. Myrica Carolinénsis, cerifera, oe pumila. JUGLANDEX. Carya tomentósa, Hickory. 1 amara, squamosa. Juglans nigra. Black Walnut. (Introduced). | EUPHORBIACEE. Acalypha Caroliniana, (13 Virginica. fos Croton m Euphórbia ee lineàribus, culàta, bra usàta, (Flowers in May). polygonifóha. (Sea beach). Jatropha stimuldsa. Eom sylvatica. ia urens, * ` var: linears. CELASTRINEE. | Euonymus Americanus. Strawberry tree. BHAMNEJ. ony ` : s a TUM A Dre ge E 5 : S + x KS P ru í E P Vue á $24 a Tu * : No e »* ïE e RR A > Rae A 4 ~ LA ; OCASTANE | uck eye. ACERINEX. ` Ace Negindo, (n.r zy . rubrum, AEscülus . a Red Maple. saccharinum ? (Rock Spring). ` VITES. Ampelópsis bipin ata, quinquefolia. Pogor. Vitis estivàlis, Summer grape. r : sinuata a rotundifolia, Bullet grape. vulpina MELIACER. Mélia azedarach. Pride of China. (0 ANACARDIACEA. Rhus cop et oxicodén dron. ‘Poison oak. Ptèlea trifoliàta. => > anthóxylon tricàrpum. Tooth ache tree. ` ZYGOPHYLLEX. Tribulus cistoides. (1) GERANIACER. Geriniur Carolinianum, maculatum. , OXALIDER. i, sues; | violacea. (R. P.) BALSAMINEÆ. Impàtiens fulva. 4m POLYGALER. Polygala corymbósa, " . cruciàta, ` b » Poison vine. x os teh: ve AME k " Bachelor’s button. 43 . ; ona I ode Polygala sir didi x j | < verticillàta. — E : VIOLACER. se, Viola blanda ? >e ip cucullata, èn E: lanceolata, © . Re ` ~ gon palmata, Vega y = L> i 5 pedàta, d $ = primulifolia, ` ait ` Á soròria, 4) 28h — — tenélla. 1 PASSIFLOREJX. Passiflora incarnata, May pop. lutea. | CISTINER. : >> 8 Cistus Canadénsis, ;aroliniànus, bósus, rosimarinifolius. : ^ creed E -- (7 SARRACENLE. 2m a phinn 2i Sarracénia flava, Trumpets. Watches. n o T = purpürea. ` , = re ia Dionza mu Fly ifup, ^77 | x Drósera Coe (a ü lin, Ell !) = ` i rotu $ i LINEX. | m en lm ete cS T Atenisi a Cates, se sie [ P” elongàta; N -) as eee 2 á Folios ê F erastium hirsütum. - Mollügo verticillàta. Saponaria : E (Not common. produced). Silene antirrhin a Virgin nica. f . Speérgula deris ns. Stellaria media. Chickweed. PORTULACEX. Claytónia Virginica. E P.) Portulacca oleracea, Purslane, vulg. Pusley. CRASSULACER. = Penthórum sedoides. (r. P.) DES œ Sudais pedunculàtum. Lube cam ILLECEBRER. Quéria Canadénsis. Stipulicida setacea ue As À CHENOPODER. ght E Acnida cannabina. gA mes Chenopódium album, Piia e: DN anthelmin inticum, Worm seed. |. marítimum. . (Masonborough Salicórnia eaten Sans c" E. p herbàc p TC. ida Caroliniàna. HYTOLACCEX. Phytolieca decandra. Poke root. He = arifòlium, — gram. o" st AM C Mr um y Polygónum Pennsylv è dr > `> » Persicaria, — polygamum, S putifita f i sagittàtum 7 ^ scandens, "ws, Virginianum s * Rumex Acetosélla, Sorrel. ? tannicus, crispus, Dock root. - obtusifòlius. rsicarioídes (divaricàta, XU D SAURURER. CALLITRICHINEE. Callitriche verna. CERATOPHYLLE X. apium demérsum? (v. v. sine fl. ys ILICINEX. Fa Ilex Eu / E e yor 2 gor ater e) oe n 5j STYRACER. Halesia tetraptera. Snow drop. He bria. Andromeda paniculata. (17) (A. lustig; Ell. yr racemosa, , speciosa, T Í var: pulverulénta. Azàlea nudiflòra, Honeysuckle. viscòsa. Clethra alnifòlia. Cyrilla So Epigea Kilmia angustifolia, Wicky. var: ovata, cuneata, (18 latifolia, (R. P.) Leiophyllum buxifolium, (Brunswick). VACCINER. Oxycóccus macrocárpus, 19) m Vaccinium EM oo kleberry ry stamineum, tenéllum. -(galézans, Ell.) PYROLACER. .. Chimáphila maculata. -. Monótropa uniflóra. às CAMPANULACER. Campi lbr plexichulis LOBELIACEZX. Lobèlia n K ` 1 .. Œ var: gracilis, pabed syphilitica. ` CUCURBITACEÆ. = Melothria péndula, + Plants around Wilmington, N. C. — 101 " 14 = : ; PLANTAGINEÆ. Plantàgo interrüpta ? anceolàta, major, Plantain. Virginica. ` PLUMBAGINER. Statice Limonium? (Masonborough). COMPOSITAE. Achilléa uu Ambrosia elatio Anthémis Sota: (F. Waddell’s). _ Aster concolor conyzoides, ` diversifòlius, dama puniceus, rigidus, solidaginoides, a ^ i + 3 ME 255 mS undulatu: G paenga Biccharis halimifòlia, sessiliflòra Balduina uniflóra. . (Brunswick). Bidens bipinnata, chrysanthemoides, La nd M > * * a Boltónia glastifolia. aüsia Caroliniàna. Buphthàlmum frutéscens. Chaptàlia integrifolia. Chrysanthe emum bent. Chry sócoma nu Chtységodiari Virininum. Chrysópsis dentà * dicli; : ci VOL. I.—PART II. 14 a d » 7m mg wr x Ae F "o y. Eu. Hs y p w Eo + p 102 Curtis’s Enumeration Of ^s Chrysópsis gossy pina, ayy v S is graminifolia, "Ed 4 ND ; nno, 5 K.- Cnems us E x ridulus, (Between the ferries). fibldas, : re Conyza — bifr Coreopsis dichotoma, lan eolàta, initis; | tenuifolia, Eclipta procumbens Elephantépus Caroliniènus, udicáulis. Erigeron bellidifolium, Canadénse, dote rd s nudica Philadélphicum. -Eupatorium en maticum, (ceanothifülium, EL) Stre um, coronopifòlium, = fennel. ~ ulac 1 ` 7 E -- . perfoliatum, Bon pubéscens, Ell. (evi, Ei ?) = - rotundifòlium T: verbenzefolium, var: fol. Min SS Semis Dm urpüreum. Helenium au ale. Helianthus altissimus, inp x d Plants around Wilmington, N. C 103 Heliánthus atrorübens, , e) sparsifòlius. Ell! ! Hieracium Er Óvil, Iva frutéscen bita, Krigia Caroliniana, Virginica. Kühnia critónia. Lactüca eee graminifolia. aan aasin (Rare. Inicie}: ptopoda fimbriata, (pubérula, Eli!) ne bellidifolia, oratissima, Vanilla. paniculata, ` var: floribus albis, secünda, spicata, a a, entosa. Mzx.non Ell! (Walteri, Ell!) (20) Marshôllia pont a, ceolà lia. Prenanthes alba, (P. serpentària, Ph. keon.) | virgàta. à Prerocatdon prn MES Rudbéckia x : Senécio hieracifolius, E S atus, i A | ` tomentòsus. Silphium Canadénsis, ` (s, compositum, EU!) terebinthinàceum, v var : sinuatum ; [ay ` Solidàgo cœsia b i? ta, Nutt. (elata, Ell!) inifolia, ` = Timomifòlia, Nutt. odòra, : pyramidàta, : * ido LA ay Solidàgo rugòsa ? m sempervirens, ET tenuifolia, - torüfülia, virgàta. Sonchus e ‘(Floridan Carolin us). Wr. (spinulósus, Bw). àceus. Vernonia angustifolia, veboracénsis. Xinthium strumàrium. STELLATE. Galium pilósum, i trifidum. CINCHONER. _Cephalanthus occidentalis. Diodia tetragona. Hedyotis glomerata. _ Mitchélla repens. Spermacóce diodina. CAPRIFOLIACEX. Cornus meee Dog wood. stride Hydrangea vegies (Rocky Run). Lonicéra sempervirens. Honeysuckle vine. Sambucus Canadénsis, Elder. Vibürnum dentàtum, nudum, "Possum haw. ' prunifolium : LORANTHER. ` Viscum verticillàtum, Misletoe. ASCLEPIADER. Acerates longifolia. sclépias amplexicaülis, obtusifolia, | paupércula, periplocefolia, Pr 104 "ee —X of N^ Wis Plants around, Wilmington, W. C. 105 Asclèpias tuberdsa, n : variegata, À * mt: verticillàta. Tb" . Cynànchum brisa (Lyin ! Ell) (Mink Isl'd.) Gonólobus o ET siis. Podosiguic d pubiscens (99) APOCYNEZ. Amsonia latifolia. pocynum n (n. P.) Echites difform ju Gelsémium ia (23) Carolina jessami GENTIANEX. TE sui ape Bartonia paniculata. Centaurélla verna. Gentiàna angustifolia, rn (24) naria. Honstinin, orien, pur pür ria lagen: Siow! = iza lanceolata a da. Poly n procümbens. ' Sabbátia angulàris, brachiata, Í calycòsa, corymb gentianoides s stellari Villarsia lacunósa. CONVOLYULACEX. ~Convolvulus panduratus, ` repens, ‘sagittefolius Mr. (Smithville). (25) ` Pic Cuscüta Americàna. S. ` ‘Dichondra Carolinénsis.. acm à 1 * ` | ey ‘ Mat xa =$ | at " 106 Curtis’s Enumeration of Ipomea trichocarpa. (27) Ell.s Sk. POLEMONIACER. Phlox paniculata, (Near Hn s mill). setàce Mr. Hun x Pe # ` 2 CET .subulàta. Wild pine, FLOR a ^ ` HYDROLEACEZ. " ` Dia énsia cuneifòlia. quadrivalvis. EBENACER. _ Persimon. : T OLEACER. * Jhionanthus oe Fringe tree. plat yearpa, _ = * Oléa Aedes: 2 $ $ PRIMULACER. Anagallis arvénsis. d : Introduséd)e: Lysimàchia ciliata, P.) ic Vice s censé wa nc E Micránthemum orbic Samòlus valeràndi. j ; LENTIBULARIÆ. z Pinguicula zae Ë iur : flor: albis, B a Utriculària cerita on girostris, personata, purpurea, setacea, striata. > OROBANCHER. Epiphégus Virginianus. (Mr. Hunt). Orobanche Americana. (R. P. ‘SCROPHULARINER. Antirrhinum Canadénse. — ^ Chelone glabra, = : purpürea, Lyón. | io Plants around Wilmington, N. C. ' 101 Gerardia ee EL = : pect, Tor. (G. lA Ell.) n. Pluken he purpàrea, ` : gt Ts à linifolia ; 33 Graticla acuminàta, (29) Ell! Ey Caroli nénsis ; p E E pilósa. Herpéstis cuneifolia. Lindérnia attenuata a; ( Ses ola tied Mimulus ringens. A T Penstémon levigàtum, ` rir Emb ens. NI * ubésc i. R Schwalbea eter | ES Scrophulària Marilándica. Seymeria tenuifolia. Veronica arvensis, ` Eas SOLANEJE. j ` + Jimson weed. ; Ground cherry. > re allan Solanum cam Horse nettle. Verbiscum bl blattària, thapsus, | Mullein. ACANTHACEJE. Justicia hümilis. Ruéllia strepens. PEDALINEX. E Martynia Locos Martino. : ons BIGNONIACEE. |. > > cosine i Bigndnia capreolita, 108 Curtis’s Enumeration of ` Bignonia radicans. Catalpa cordifolia, Catalpa. VERBENACER. Callicarpa Americana. ^ E, rro C cheer PT * = Fücifülia. (Rooky Run). Zapània lanceclta, (R. P.) EX Mo = pna LABIATÆ. me grandiflora. (Mr. Hunt). "Collinsónia paons var: p^ ec ? bovàtum Dracocéphalum. (Mr. Hunt). Hyptis radiata. ` Làmium — Leonürus cardiac M Lycópus Faropeus, (exaltàtus, Ell! angustifolius, Ell !) irginicus. Macbridea pulchra. (31) ena Marrübium vulgàre. oarhound. T j Mentha rotundifòlia, (36) = puncte Jagran: a " Prunélla vulgàri Pocokathbsinif: aristitum, incànum, linifolium, (R. P.) verticillatum. . var. floribus albis. Scutellaria integrifolia, pilósa, Stachys aspera. 'Teücrium Canadénse. Trichostéma dichótoma, lineàris. Sàlvia lyràta, . «€ Plants around Wilmington, N, C: 109 - BORAGINER. Lithospérmum arvénse. (Belvidere). ` Myosòtis arvénsis. C. Onosmòdium hispidum. ` a $n HELIOTROPICEZ. Es Heliotrópium curassavicum, (1) #* i Indicum. : CONIFER. Cupréssus disticha, Cypress. var: imbricaria, Sx huyoides. ` Juniper. ` A re ` Juniperus Virginian, Cedar. j t E Pinus mitis, Pene ES palüstris, Long leaved pines : teda. Old field pine. Lob oy ALISMACER. Alisma plantago Sagittaria acutifolia ? : spel pu es ES N? È (Alismasubulita,Z Ell ? pe ne d sagittzfolia. C Commelina angustifolia, Vir irgin ica. T radeschnda ròsea, sy irginica. OMMELINEE: : XYRIDER. Xyris brevifolia, Caroliniana j BROMELIACEÆ. "Tillndsia usneoides. Long moss. HYPOXIDEÆ. Hypóxis erécta. ; BURMANNIEE. Tripterélla capitàta, cœrülea HXMODORACEZ. P S Dilàtris tinctória. : TR VOL. I.—PART II. 15 ` >s unn. á ^ T b -© Cranichis? multiflór Habenària nephrin 110 Curtis’s Enumeration of AMARYLLIDEX. Amaryllis Atamásco. Pancràtium Mexicànum. IRID Iris Virginica, Herb. lin. sec: Ton. (1. prismatic, Ph.) pétala, : (33) lor. auus Sisyrinchium Bermudiànum. (34) ORCHIDER. Blètia aphylla. (35) (r. P.) a; ; (Ophrys P -—. ES var: graminifòlium. (36) y i cnt, È ` ` repen kaiaia (Orchis bidentà s EU. G Listèra cordàta, . N. Neottia cérnua, É órtilis: = >> ` Pogònia divifió àta, ophioglossoides. Tipularia discolor. JUNCEE. Juncus Se “var: of Force E. AW. dichótomus ;. non bulbésus, megacéphalus, Nobis. Bi ee RAND fonus, Ell!) polycéph repens, setaceus, ténuis. Luzula campéstris. : Pleéa tenuifolia. Plants around Wilmington, N. C. "n ` MELANTHACEX. Helonias angustifolia, Molânthium Virginicum, (Virginicum and hy jrdim Eil 12) (Smithy p Tofiéldia beri ; (T. glabra, N.) (38) * ` : Se Zigadenus darnos. PONTEDEREX. Pontedéria cordàta. ASPHODELEJ. Alétris aürea, (R. P. i " di nósa. er t s e striatum. ^ onion. Convallaria multiflo Asparagus officinalis. Asparagus. i. P. ^ SMILACEE. Min. ee Smilax ochin undifòlia, Bamboo. Trillium ç pil, R. P.) Uvularia sessilifolia DIOSCOREZ. a Dioscorea villosa. : LILIACEX. Erythrónium Americànum. (m. P.) Lilium Catesbei. Yucca aldifolia, Spanish bayonet. . filamentósa, a oe gloriósa. (Sea be PALME i : Chamzrops palmétto. Cabbingutinees (Sea coast). ` # a ï af 112 Curtis’s Enumeration of . Sabal pumila. Dwarf palmetto. à RESTIACEZ. Exiocattlon decangulare, idulum ? ? (39) - yillósum. A TYPHACEX. Spiibanium ramósum. Typha latifolia. AROIDER. Acórus cálamus. Sweet flag ; Calamus. Arum triphyllum. Wild turnip. Indian do. Caladium glaucum. Spoon flower. Orontium aquaticum.. Lecóntia cs 5 l FLUVIALES. ‘Potamogeton — (v. v. sine d. po Zostera marina. = (Sea shore). Rs / JUNCAGINER. = a "Triglochin srindrum. (Brackish marshes). ET. PISTIACER. — minor. GRAMINE. "Agrostis alba, mm ndic Wis gei Alopecürus geniculàtus. Annopigs arg furca atus, macrourus, Broom grass. - var: glaucópsis, nutans, scoparius, tetrastachyus, EU? vaginatus, Ell! (40) Virginicus. — — - gt , Ell! avenàceus, Mz. (A. ciliàtus, EU !) SY ee Pee cee Se eT SD eee eae Plants around Wilmington, N. C. 113 pee odoratum, (Introdu ced). Aristida lan ta (41) Poiret. lanósa, Muhl ` Bürpariscons, Poir. (oligantha, M. m I — Mich. Wire grass. (42) - ata, Trinius. (43) Keexsinhus ciliatus. Calamagróstis Canadénsis Cenchrus stum var: tribulóid es. Sand chinàtus, e Ëu N (44) Chloris petrea. (Brackis sh ac Smithvi lle).. Cinna arundinàcea. Eleusine cruciata, Indica. Elymus Virginicus, Erianthus alopecuroides. Festüca Soret ? (45) ue island). elàti P" (do Que ulà myurus, nutans, tenélla. Gymnopógon racemósum. Hydrochloa flüitans. Koléria Pennsylvánica. ES k ' Leérsia VPN, e Virg Limnetis gabs, ` Marsh gr jüncea, v: nidis: Gnesi Herb Ell N (46) hya lystàc ya. Mèlica speciòsa. m. Muhlenbérgia diffusa. Ortho hopógün lastéllum. (47) ur) ihe * ^ - 114 Curtis’s Enumeration of Ma anceps, carinàtum, CN MS. (Walteri, Ell!). (48) - : © Pisum ee € -dichótonun i several var: (ciliatum, Ell?) d j L oliferum, Lk. (geniculàtum, I = Striàtum, ik . (gibbum, Ell!) wy + hians, EJl! Race —— hispidum | nervósum ; (scopárium, Ell?) ee $ several varieties. rectum ; Gear A M. ) sen atn, El! (49 verrucósum ; débile, Ell! TVA È * pun (R. P. ree ) Phalaris Aussie: May gra Phleum Saree W. non EU! (Rare. Introduced). Poa ann i pore autumnal Ell! (51) Jt eragró t | | hirs ita, nervita, eae Ell D A pratén (P. viridis, angustifolia, E77) tecla, (P. eragróstis, Ell.) Stipa penc. "Trichóchloa capillàris. "'Erichódium Hie UN "€ ».. R = . = a . ë Plants around Wilmington, N. C. n5. + Su VE: ium laxiflórum "É gr es i $ : psae dactyloides, Gama gram + 2 2v HM ND Trisétum palüstre. By = - Uniola gracilis, : , Ls paniculata, (Sandy beach). , : spicata. (Brackish marshes). Uralépsis cornüta, a urea. Windsória seslerioides. z Zizania aquatica, Wild oats. miliacea. i iiam CYPERACEX. E ws var: e arsiflora n e . iflor ceps, var: (tetani ca, Ell! i Ell!) Elliott, "Tor. (castanea, Ell! Baldwinia, D!) bromoides, #4 PR. crinita, ud e flex ude Y E ee foenéa, * : == verrucósa, M. El! an Ell!) granularis, Halseyi, Dewey, (olympia, EC bullata, Edd ?) lac , W. (ripària, lupu ina, : + # , i =< polytrichoides, eee (C. farcàtus Ell.) trofl éxa, scirpoides ; (stellulàta), stipàta, — straminea, tentaculata. ira ; : uio pu. Wahl, (folliculita, Ell!) (52) > ^. Cyperus com com ioe. vo H Wee ] P dis 116 ` s E A Oe x prs Gatesti Tor. in Ann. N. Y. Lyc., Ill. «9 f ptos; Schultes ; : uiid. Ell!) ` w ee Ug Y dra ut gra ss. ine : : op Foiréne sgiiirisn; Mich. X Mariscus cylindricu: E - “Rhynehéspora alba, (54 > n" I pu | lola, _ Tor. in Anm. N. Y. Pike TII. v t . y; d ` Fn, ` vides RM ich: dius, Sc ltes. colli: Tor. a Nuttall, en (* C. flavéscens, Ell ?» * ` spéeiosus, stenolépis;- E " F “Herb. E 7 non FS. ors; x . tet us, Ell! vegeu, (5- -6 ft. high). a ens, (4-5 ft. high). Dichecastih oe lia, ucocép hala. Dulicbium spathàceum. T Eric irginicum. E rettofrictus. ss, Tors s ‘ <É dee. "Tor. | in Ang. N. Y. n. III. : í p^ * ert so Ell! ciliàt G, cephalntha, ila actor ta, (lax Saal Et al? Ell Re inexpan ( : > megal pycnocar = negli (n Mz.) P oligantha, = plu Scirpus Americànus, Sword grass. s autumnális, - # capitàtus, . FILICES. ad. Aspidium E WR A soleus ebenéum. . pge Onòclea sensibilis. PRI T ` < Ghdá cinmámómea, ^ ^U Polypódium i H nae s Pteris aquilina. Wootvarda a oe rginica. _ LYCOPODIACEE. REMARKS ON SEVERAL mnm curassávicum, Datira metel, : à is I.—PART II. d H : _rapéstre, (Ob ed. sand hills). ` C ae =o Cleòme pentaphylla, Cássia | cidentàlis, Hei ii? up udi the ross Wil in l seem to have been introduced among ballas : from que as I do not know that any of p^ tivated in the place. Being of . occurrence, and bidding fair to become natu- ¢ fom, it was thought proper to include them in the enu- meration, and to give descriptions of such as are not found in our. Flos, for the benefit of those who may - happen to meet with them. TY are all communicated * by Dr. McRee. "& y * WM Data metel. << Leaves cordate, nearly entire, pubes- : cent; Pericarps Beets globose, nodding.” Loudon. Flowers large, white. nuch | * - ^ mònium. A native of A observe in Gi bbes’ Cata- = cin = logue that this plant is nataliged abo € á; S.C. Z d Tribulus cistoides. “ Leaflets in equal.” did Loudon. Plant very Ie with A flowers. AK k nativi — | a States} perhaps extensively. Laurus albida. Does not appear to me to pre- a ay Sent characters sufficiently distinct from L. sassafras, its E? color- being the principal one. Superior virtues are as- È to the pae cred Ww it is rarer t je ae white variety. À T e are cultivate aerer gardens in pe i P ia. _ Transplanted pod Dr. McReo. vi lac brown, unarmed and pubescent. Racemes upy -axill “> atid terminalglonger or shorter than the leaves . Flo E 3 small and inconspicuous : Mase ; FI. calyx. 6 le: y 9-4 i outer ones much sihaller orbicular, concave, gree! sh- white ; corol 6 petalled, succulent, petals erect, uir ^ . narrow, orange yellow, each T base; alaare long as the corol, broac L ees yellow. Fem: Fl. bave a roun a single flat, umbilicated or It - y. texture. Sepals 6; Petals 6.” McRee in Lit. A part - We 's ; description may be —— cc 2 to hos Seat rt T not his work. EC x ** Peduncul i axillares ; ; Masc: racemosi simplices peti- E c A _ òlo vix breviores, interdum longiores, ab ipsa basi flo- i rifers; Femi:a basi tripartiti aut trifidi; ramulis brevibus ` - is T foris ; ; sepala séx, extus 2-3 À ; flores. int | hermaphroditi (Wend. ) Pilate numero varii (Ph Js d Hab. In sylvis et sepibus Caroline (Lin.) Geo. et i ix.) Car. to Flo | (Pb. „RDC: Syst; Na A und at Smithville in sandy soil among scrub oaks; “= more vigorous at Wilmington on the borders of damp x ; ^ Shady woods; ; also at Rocky point by Dr. McRee. Flowers in June and July. Sa Sir J. E. Smit to the genus Checalus; but I ^s find it i in Torrey’s A to Lindley, whence I sup- pose it will enter into the American Flora. Our plant _ has not the 6 capsules of Wendlandia, bans in every other P partidolar;4 it harmonizes so campus Wildenow's des bh vA. 73 C . scriptión, chat I cannot but otia bé same. [tis Mies the Wendlándia of Pursh, and I presume of i" Encyclopédie Methodique. . . d - The miniature figure of Wendlandia sine fl. in Lou- s don igiene represents our plant; also, Catesby ab: 51. in fruit... He remarks that “ it bears red berries xd € the bigness of small peas, which grow in clusters.” `A (5) Lythrum linéare. Besides the characters usually š noticed as separating this plant from L. byssopifolium, »» (L. lanceolàtum, Ell!) I observe, in all my specimens of A^ c the latter, that its peduncles are adnate to the stem as far as the bracteas, making them Mm which is not Ls the case in L. lineàre. Wa (6) Rhéxia angustifólia. | ane: sable y with a `; specimen collected at Savannah, Ga. sine fl. - i" plants ` š collected at Wilmington the flowers are red. ` J < Ja (T) Crotallària parviflòra. A variety of Gi sagittàlie? : I- à ipik: descriptions of these plants the only difference Li = isin the leaves and stipules, both of which are very, vt. .. variable, even in the same individual. In one of my x n. F> specimens, which I call C. parviflora, some of the leaves * - . are 3 inches long and 1-2 lines wide, others 2 inches ES .. long and 4 lines wide, the stipules half an inch long. A = `x They vary also in el P have never seen a | k À : specimen so hirsute as rep d — Tab. p .. 168, f. 6, referred to by Li agittàlis. . i C: levigitum, Ph. C. Pu m (P Pul. T. en, ` # 2 eus alis) is E | Maty of The same. p racters are. * glabrous" and z <: simple, too unimportant to found a species- apana this genus. (8) Galáctia Macreéi. Stem twining, slender yobae . e *- Z Plants around Wilmington; N. C. — — 191 * Ê T E wes é cent ; leaves ternate, mostly oval, sometimes ovate and s blond ovate, obtuse, emarginate at each end, mucronate, smooth above, pubescent and paler beneath ; ; peduncles elongated, six to twelve inches long, often liform flowers Scattered on pedicels 1—2 lines long; calyx» acuminate ; ; legume pubescent, with a subulate point. Allied to G. glabélla, but more slender and delicate in all its parts, with smaller flowers and longer peduncles, leaves proportionally broader and paler underneath. Spe- . cimens gathered in the upper districts of the State agree .. better with Nuttall's. description of G. mollis, if indeed this be his plant, in being much more villous than the’ De 1 e. d x" # s ng plant above described. I am induced to believe that this. des má is Nuttall’s G. mollis, principally from the fact that he 3 found his plant: confounded with G. glabélla in Muhlen- berg's herbarium. That Mr. Nuttall's G. pilosa is the G. mollis, Mx. I think can admit of very little question. —. ` (9) Galèga ambigua. Stem decumbent, veles angled ; ‘leaves five to six inches long, the petiole naked about a third of its length; leaflets four to seven pairs, with a terminal one, truly cuneate, obovate or oblong, ` truncately obtuse, younger ones rounded, emarginate, € M a short, rigid mucro, smooth above, pubescent beneath, very strongly veined, and somewhat ribbed beneath with. red veins ; Peduncles large, flattened, somewhat two . edged, about the. length of the leaves, partial ones three to four long; with a short, but oe whitish ‘hese ae Puja ‘ten to twelve seed Hab. sandy woods. Flowers in June. Repeated examinations of this plant for two seasons have led me to the conclusion, that it is distinct from the following. Iti is not impossible, that i in E localities, it j e. = a a z £^ 3288 ~ Curtiss Enumeration of may be found to vary in the form and length of its ped- - uncle, but I have never b it varying from the que ters given above. HA p ` (10) Galèga hispidula, Mx. G. gracilis, "dnd o E Erect or decumbent ; ; stem nearly round, pubescent. - Leaves 3—5 inches long, subsessile, distant ; - leaflets i ü. À 6—10 pairs with an odd one, oblong elliptic, very acute ` 2 ^ .. and mucronate, 5—10 lines long, 1—4 wide, smooth — above, slightly pubescent beneath ; ; peduncles 2—8 ti T s . longer than the leaves, partial ones slender ; legumes i pid, nearly straight, 8—10 seeded. a us .. Hab. like the preceding. Flowers in June. dig. d. 3 E Every way : more slender and less pubescent than a s ` c Re ambigua, legume straighter and more nit The plants - ie, d ev are are readily distinguished at sight. ` ` vA a s. m This is doubtless the G. gracilis, Nutt. dedu p> ` plant is described with a peduncle about as long as the b - ` leaves, the only character Ï can discover in Mr. Nattall's description upon which he could have separated it from "e hispidula, Mx. For instead of differing * in too many particulars," the descriptions may be easily reconciled. The * foliolis parvulis” of Michaux’ description cannot ) ly to any other of our species. wi re i ee e ub oos AS E (11) Galéga paucifülia, N. Leaflets ustélly 6 pars; 7 2 + = 40—15 lines long, 5—6 broad." Peduncles times ay `` ` » longer than the leaves (“about the length of he lea = S: 5 ealyx larger, and with longer segme 2 | thar _ other species; legume nearly straight, about ten see E Well ee ee Elliott. The number o; Ç its le : varies, according, to its situation as to dampness, shade, es no e can be put on the i: C E è „ Peduncle in this ge «€ p e E E. Plants around "A N. C. 193 , Which is evidently G. villosa, Mx.. I am uncertain a of this at = Badr t sine fl. one of the iios t e which has seven leaflets. " eG): Hedysarum sessilifòlium, var : angustifolium. 23 Poales subulate ; panicle terminal, =e l branches simple. Loment 2—3 jointed, very hispid. _ Hab. sandy shaded soils. (13) Acalypha Caroliniàna. Not having seen Wal ` ter’s description, J do not know if this is his plant, though it is the one > passing among botanists under the above name, ; is that of the Flora SARs It is not the A. Caroli iai Elliott. A. Vir, is the same with Elliott’s, né Bigelow? s, and i is that of Linnæus secund. Pluk. Phyt. T. 99, f. 4. -(14) Dionea muscipula. `é This plant. is found as f; thori inckney, that it grows the loue 3 the Santee in S. Carolina. Dr. Bachman ** À has | it from Georgetown, S. C.; and Mri Audu- * : bon. me, with the plant before us, that he has seen ii rida, of enormous size. I think it not im- tly, from the latter place to Neben It vtile I. venture a: sbost- Wotiot.of "EE ai in great abundance for many miles around Wil- * au a dus D oe RUE Se T PER TS -124 Curtis’s Enumeration of this interesting plant, as I am not aware that any popular description of it has been published in this country. The leaf, which is the only curious part, springs from . the root, spreading upon the ground, orat a little elevation — above it. Itis composed of a petiole or stem with broad margins, like the leaf of the orange tree, two to four inches. long, which at the end, suddenly expands into a thick and somewhat rigid leaf, the two sides of which are semicircular, about two thirds of an inch across, and * fringed around their edges with somewhat rigid cilie or — — long hairs like eyelashes. It is very aptly compared to two upper eyelids joined at their bases. Each side of the leaf is a little concave on the inner.side, where are - _ placed three delicate, hairlike organs, in such an order, |. that an insect can hardly traverse it, without interfering — with one of them, when the two sides suddenly collapse and enclose the prey with a force surpassing an insect's efforts to escape. "The fringe or hairs of the opposite sides of the leaf interlace, like the fingers of the two hands clasped together. "The sensitiveness resides only _in these hairlike processes on the inside, as the leaf may be touched or pressed in any other part, without sensible effects.. The little prisoner is not crushed and suddenly destroyed, as is sometimes supposed; for I have often lib- erated captive flies and spiders, which sped away as fast 4 na . > as fear or joy could hasten them. At other times I have found them enveloped ina fluid of a mucilaginous consist- ence, which seems to act as a solvent, the insects being more or less consumed in it. This circumstance has sug- gested the possibility of their being made subservient to the nourishment of the plant, through an apparatus of absorbent vessels in the leaves. But as Ï have not exam- ined sufficiently to pronounce on the universality of this Plants around Wilmington, N. C. 125 result, it will require further observation and experiment on the spot, to ascertain its nature and importance. ` It is Rot to be supposed, however, that such food is necessary to the existence of the plant, but like compost, may increase its growth and vigor. But however obscure and uncertain may be the final purpose of. such a singular or- ganization, if it were a problem to construct a plant with reference to entrapping insects, I cannot conceive of a form and organization better adapted to secure that end than are found in the Dionea muscipula. I therefore deem it no credulous inference, that its leaves are con- . structed for that specific object, whether insects subserve ` the purpose of nourishment to the plant or not. It is no Objection to this view that they are subject to blind ac- cident, and sometimes close upon straws as well as insects. It would be a curious vegetable indeed, that had a faculty of distinguishing bodies, and recoiled at the touch of one, while it quietly submitted to violence from another. Such Capricious sensitiveness is not a property of the vegetable kingdom. The spider’s net is spread to ensnare flies, yet ` it catches whatever falls upon it; and the ant lion is roused from his hiding place by the fall of a much are insects also, subject to the blindness ident. Therefore the web of the one, and the pitfall of he other are not designed to catch insects! -Nor is it in point to refer to other plants of entirely different structure and habit which sometimes entangle and imprison insects. As well might we reason against a spider’s web, because a fly is drowned in a honey pot; or against a steel trap because some poor animal has lost its life in a cider barrel. (15). Arenària diffàsa, Ell! Stellaria elongata, N. I formerly described: this. plant under Nuttall’s name. I a ee which are linear, VOL. I.—PART II. 126 Curtis’s Enumeration of obtuse, undivided, equalling the calyx, and find it to be an Arenaria. The petals are generally: wanting, and Ï have never found it with more than three. Elliott’s ac- count of the size of the petals differs from mine, but the plant in his Herbarium is the same with mine. There is no specimen of Stellaria prostrata in Herb. Ell. (16) Hex vomitéria. The popular designation of this shrub is Yopon, a name of Indian origin, which I give as I have heard it pronounced. I have never seen the word in print, except in an amusing relic of the last century, called a Natural History of N. Carolina. The writer, one John Brickell, M. D., spells it Yaupan, and saith it is the plant “‘ whereof the tea is made, so very much in request among both the Indians and the Christians." -It is still used, and is said to make, if well cured, a very pleasant beverage. Its specific name indicates no very agreeable properties. ; ; (17) Andrómeda paniculàta. The plant so called by botanists ; but the A. ligustrina, Ell. and Vaccinium ligus- trinum Lin. A. ligustrina, Eat. Man. is, I suppose, the same. ‘The following is a description of a plant closely allied to the above, and perhaps no more than a variety. - The flowers I have not seen. Ten or twelve feet high, young branches red and smooth; leaves ovate lanceolate, acute, coriaceous, glabrous, mi- nutely serrulate, revolute, dark green and shining above, paler, somewhat ferruginous and furfuraceous beneath ; panicle long, branches short, with two or three small leaves.; calyx segments ovate, acute; Accessary valvules very distinct. Capsule ovate, obtuse, hardly angled. (18) Kalmia cunedia. This plant does not properly fall within the range of the catalogue, but I have ‘intro- 5 duced it because a rare species, of which few. localities ï * _ Plants around Wilmington, N. C. 127 are known. It was detected by Rev. T. P. Hunt about thirty miles N: ^E. of Wilmington, I think near Beattie’s Mills. Iam indebted to the same gentleman for several other species of rare occurrence. (19) Ovicéccus macrocárpus. . Introduced on the au- thority of popular report. I have never visited the locality where it is said to grow. (20) Liàtris tomentosa, (L. Walteri, Ell!) Stem two feet high, simple, tomentose ; leaves at the base of the stem cuneate lanceolate, the lowest with a long attenuated base, but dilating at their junction with the stem; upper leaves lanceolate, closely sessile, all terminated by a whitish gland; flowers in a terminal corymb, branches 2—4 flowered, peduncles about an inch long, thickening upward; calyx about 20 flowered, scales acute, tomen- tose. Hab. savannahs. Flowers in September. This is the true L. tomentosa, Mx. Elliotts plant of this name is the L. corymbósa; Nutt. which, though close- ly allied, appears to be a distinct species. (91). Si/phium terebinthinàceum ; var: sinudtum. Stem naked, 4—6 ft. high, smooth and glaucous. Leaves radi- cal, pinnatifid, segments mostly toothed, somewhat sca- brous, having scattered hairs, margin very rough ; petioles 3—6 inches long, smooth. On the stem are three or four distant leaflets 2—3 lines long. Flowers small, in corym- bose panicles ; outer scales of the involucrum roundish oval, inner ones longer, obtuse, minutely ciliate ;. florets of the ray 4—6, irregularly inserted, half an inch long, twice as.long as the involucrum; of the disk numerous, having exserted, clavate, simple styles, pubescent at the summit ; seeds winged, obovate, emarginate, two toothed - when young, those of the disk abortive. Chaff of the receptacle shorter than the florets of the ray, obtuse, P bescent : " the summit. 128 Curtis’s Enumeration of Hab. sandy, open woods. Flowers in June? I have traced this plant through the lower part of this State into Virginia and S. Carolina, and find it constantly preserving its character. The S. terebinthinàceum with undivided leaves does not appear within one hundred miles of the sea coast, but is abundant in the upper districts. In company with it is found a variety with divided leaves like that above described, differing from it only in its more perfect flowers and larger size. I can discover no charac- ters in these plants sufficient to constitute separate spe- cies. The outline of the leaves is the same in all. other parts of the plants I can see no difference. (22) Podostigma pubéscens. Usually described as having linear leaves, but I have not often found it with that character. The lower pair are always spatulate or obovate, and only the uppermost ones linear. I have a specimen a foot and a half high, with leaves more than two inches long, and over half an inch wide. This is above the common size of the plant, but its proportions are preserved. ` (23) Gelsèmium sempervirens. This beautiful climber is possessed of very deleterious properties. Its odor, though very agrogable; sometimes induces headache, ticularly in a close room, and death has ensued from suck- ing the flowers. A negro empiric administered a portion of the root to two patients in Wilmington, one of whom soon died under its effects, and the other was only saved by the timely aid of a physician. > (24) Gentiana Catesbei. This species is steadily dis- tinguished from G. saponària, by the long linear segments of the calyx and its open corolla. It is finely delineated in Bigelow’s Medical Botany. "Tab. 70. of T Carolina, represents it. Plants around Wilmington, N. C. 129 (25). Convólvulus sagittifólius, Mx. non Smith. Ipo- mea sagittifolia, Ker. Icon. Catesby Nat. Hist. Car. vol. i. Tab. 35. -Quoted under C. arvénsis Eat. Man. ! All over very smooth. Leaves sagittate, oblong and linear ; auricles often expanding into a hastate form, acuminate. .Peduncles shorter than the petioles, with the bractes above the middle ; flowers rose colored, large as C. panduràtus. Calyx leaves rounded, mucronate. Flowers in August. T. "x Grows on the borders of saline marshes at Smithville, prostrate, or twining on other plants. I have met with it in one instance in woods, half a mile from the tide water, where other saline plants are not found. ` Michaux, under this plant, refers to Pluk. T. 85, f. 3, (referred to by Linnæus under C. Wheèleri,) which has an evident resemblance to it; but the flower is too small, not so open, the border more entire? calyx not mucro- nate, auricles of the leaves obtuse, and the leaves appear to be slightly peltate. Ipomæa sagittàta, Poir. is re- ferred to the same figure in Plukenet, and C. Wheèleri quoted as a synonyme. ‘That author expresses a doubt E gether Michaux’s plant is the same, and leaves it unde- “termined, on account of a deficiency in-the description. Michaux' plant has two. globose Min and a capsule . 2-3 valved according to Mr. Elliott. Smith has a C. sagittifolius in the Flor. Gree. of later date than Michaux’ name. (36). Convólvulus Pickeringi. Prostrate, villous ; Leaves linear, 12-15 lines long, one line wide, obtuse, not mucronate ; Peduncles longer than the leaves, 3 flowered; Flowers aggregate at the: sumis auei ` 130 . "Curtis's Enumeration o f them pedicelled in the axils of leaves that exceed the | flowers, with linear bracts at the base of the calyx which equal the flowers, the other sessile and without bracts. The upper peduncles become 2 and 1 flowered. Calyx very villous. Corol hairy, white ; style 2 cleft a little below the summit, the parts unequal ; Stigmas capitate. Hab. sandy barrens. Flowers June. Allied to C. patens, but clearly distinct. First noticed by Dr. Pickering, to whom it is dedicated. (27) Ipomea trichocarpa. Differs from Elliott’s in a few particulars. Peduncles not half the length of the petioles, 1 flowered; Bracteas about the middle of the > peduncle ; Corol near an inch long, pink or white; Fila- ments half the length of the corol, style a little fotiger: Hab. rice fields. Flowers July. (28) Chelóne Lyóni. Introduced on the authority of Nuttall, as I know of no other who has seen it. Had I not so much confidence in the general accuracy of his observation, I should mistrust he had mistaken the purple variety of C. glabra for it. I have never seen it except on the high mountains of this State. (29) Gratiola acuminata. Stem 12-18 inches high, erect, square, angles slightly winged, branching, and with the whole plant smooth ; Leaves opposite, lanceolate, wedge attenuate at bidi the lowest oblong, revolute at the margin, obtuse, the upper half serrate ; Flowers numerous, opposite, axillary ; Peduncles an iili long, slender, twice the length of the leaves, standing between two small linear leafets in the axils; Calyx leaves 5, linear or linear-lanceolate, equalling the tube of the corol, ' one a little larger and broader than the rest, nerved ; Bracts none or deciduous ; Capsule ovate, somewhat acute; Stamens 4, all fertile. I describe fom dried * "lh Plants around. Wilmington, N. C. 131 specimens, and cannot tell the color of the flower. Plant becomes black by drying. ee This is Elliott’s plant, but I do not know that it is described by any other author. It will doubtless be removed from this genus. In Leconte’s Monograph of this genus in the Annals of the New York Lyceum, this plant is said to be the Herpéstis cuneifolia, but without offering any evidence. See next note. (30) Herpéstis cuneifolia. This is also Mr. Elliott’ plant, and is referred by Leconte to H. Brownei. "This author has some evidence of error in Elliott’s references, unknown to myself, or he must have overlooked some important facts in the case. The plant appears to coin- cide minutely with Michaux’ description, while the Gra- tidla acuminata does not, and has a different habitat. The H. Brownei, too, is not found in the eastern district, but was discovered by Nuttall at New Orleans, and does not correspond with the present plant. Eaton quotes Pursh for H. Brownei, but I do not find the plant i in his Flora. Nuttall has a mark of discovery with it, in his Catalogue, though he gives no description. (31) Macbridea pulchra. Stem hairy and slightly scabrous ; Leaves denticulate, not serrate, the upper ones entire, nerves hairy, both sides covered with glandular dots ; Whorls 5-10 flowered; Bracteas obtuse; Large segment of the calyx deeply emarginate ; Style equalling the longer stamens. This differs somewhat from Elliott’s description, but the plants are not distinct. ` For numerous specimens I am indebted to Dr. McRee, who collected them on the — leading from Pot- ter’s rice field. (32) Mentha rotundifélia. Hoary, spikes oblong, or somewhat, hairy. Leaves roundish, rugose, F T 132 Curtis’s Enumeration of crenate, sessile. Bracteas lanceolate. Vid. Smith's Eng. Flora. Unpleasantly scented: Found in Green’s lower rice field, and elsewhere— hardly naturalized? Probably introduced by the early - English settlers. Ld (33) iris verna. The plant described by Nuttall. Is it I. cristata, Hort. Kew.? The description of Pursh ` appears to have been made from young specimens. (34) Sisyrinchium Bermudiànum. Elliott’s plant doubtless, but I can discover no difference between it and S. anceps of the Northern States. (35) Blètia aphylla. “Superior every way to B. "Tankervilliü, with the odor of poen ” . McRee in Lit. - (36) Cymbidium graminifolium. ` If size, different shaped leaves, and different period of flowering can con- stitute specific character, this is distinct from the C. pul- chéllum. "The narrow leaved one, flowers the last of April, the other about the first of June, when the former has nearly or quite disappeared. (31) Juncus megacéphalus. |J. echinàtus, E. non M. Stem 3 feet high, leafy, smooth, and like the leaves, interrupted by valves. Leaves terete, acute; Sheath 3-4 inches long, open ; Stipule bifid ; Panicle terminal, dichotomously branched; Heads 10-15, large, globose, 70-90 flowered, one sessile in each fork of the panicle ; Bracts (exterior calyx, M.) mucronate; Calyx. valves equal in length, linear, the exterior broadest, cnni acute, shorter than the acuminate capsule. . Hab. rice fields. . Flowers June. _ It is difficult to find characters which will clearly dis- tinguish this plant from J. polycéphalus, except in the large, globose heads, which give it an aspect very dienen! Plants around Wilmington, N. C. from any variety of J. polycéphalus I have ever seen. The plant is more robust, and the florets considerably larger. (38) Tofieldia glabérrima. This plant is abundant in the savannahs around Wilmington, where Nuttall dis- covered his 'T. glabra, which offers a presumption of their being the same species ; and Mr. N., in Vol. V. of the American Academy, suggests, that they are probably not If identical, and I have no doubt they are, he distinct. has described from specimens such as 1 havé not seen, as his description is inapplicable to our plant. T. glabra, N. T glabérrima, Ell. Scape (?) 8-10 inches | high ; Spike 10-15 lines long ; Flowers 30 or more; Bracts extremely minute ; Filaments equal to the pe- tals and germ ; Styles none; Codes 3, distinct to the base. Stem 18-30 inches high ; Spike 2-3 inches long; Flowers 40-60 ; Bracts half aslong asthe pedicels; Fila- ments shorter than the pe- tals and germ ; Styles short; Capsules divaricate at the summit. (39) pieva flavidulum ? Stein pree Lt NA ved; Leaves short, 1-2 inches long ; Scales 5 tha groo — oblong oval, obtuse, lucid. This appears to be Michaux’ plant, but I am not.cer- tain that it is Elliott's. (40) Andropégon vaginatus, Ell! 1 have a variety of this plant with the spikes 4 parted, like A. tetrasta- chyus, andthe peduncles much exserted like A. argen- teus. The peduncles, however, are not uncommonly exserted in this species, bet Elliott represents them as enclosed. . . (41) Aristida lanata, Poir. - um very leat, VOL. 1.=PART II. 133 T x S “er. leaves and a few ste Pak Eee Sige NAE EEA A WOES NM eR ot E ue A ic PESCE PRE Ney Sea $3 Y * eee x T Sie * $ \ * é 134. » Curtis s Eraüneration:of scabrous ; sheaths woolly; branches of the panicle elon- gated, subverticillate ; peduncle pilose at the tá awns subequal. oir. Leaves sheathing the base of the stem, 19-15 canes long, flat, rigid, scabrous above, attenuated to a point; Lower valve of the calyx much the longest, the interior about equalling the corol, narrower ; Intermediate awn more than a third longer than the lateral, and more than twice the length of the corol. e * Awns as long as the corolla, the intermediate some- what the longest.” ` Ell. ^ Awns nearly equal, about twice as long as the flow- 221. Poiret.: “Intermediate awn 2-3 times longest.” Tor. in Lit. The tendency of. this plant to vary in the length and proportion“ of its awns is et T by the above observations. I have a variety of this Basé; with a Felli more slen- der, destitute of the tomentum, and the interior valve of the calyx apparently narrower. (42) Aristida stricta,Mx. Culm 2 feet high, round and smooth, leafy ; Leaves. convolute, pubescent on the marc y lower ones 12-18, inches long, a nd wiry 3 le appressed ;, ek r than the corol, valves unequal and subequal, a 'er one shortest ; Corol distinctly pedicellate, aaa: at the base; Awns ex- panding, intermediate one a gant longest, and about twice the length of the corol. ~Hab. sandy barrens, where it appears in scattered tus- socks a foot thick, and iv compact, with its matted, y el wire grass. Thi is Pinin in the lower — Te ae ere ‘Plants around Wilmington, N. C. 135 of S. Carolina 5 but there is no specimen of it in Elliott’s Herbarium. | Aristida stricta, Mubl. Gram. appears to. be A. spici- formis, Ell. It may be proper to add that A, gracilis, Ell. is A. longespica, Poir. if (43) Aristida virgata, Trin. Culm 2-4 feet. high, leafy to half its height, simple, glabrous, slightly com- pressed ; Leaves 5-8 inches long, linear, flat, 1-2 lines wide, scabrous on the upper asta attenuated to a point ; Sheaths short, smooth, striate; Panicle appress- ed; Calyx longer than the corol, valves acute, subequal, the lower shortest by position, scabrous on the keel ; Awns expanding, the middle one a third or one half long- est, and three times as long as the corol. The sides of the calyx valves split with age, sik gives them the appearance of being 3 awned. Flowers twice as large as A. stricta, to which this has a general resemblance, but does not grow in tufts like that, A. purpurascens. and A. lanòsa have the upper valve of the calyx shortest ; in A. stricta and A. virgata it is longest. Hab. sandy barrens. . Boyes August and Septem- a I hà had this in manuscript for two — M just on the eve of. its pub ation, Dr. Torrey . has fou nd it already taken up by.' rinius, Diss. Gram. &e. Y who esame it from North America. ^ (44) |. Cenchrus incértus. Stem 2-3 feet high, ud ing at every joint, erect, or decumbent at base, rooting from the lower joints; Sheaths open, longer than the joints ; Spikes exceeding be, ^ - 10-20 flowered ; > è 136 ‘Curtis’s Enumeration of œ corol, the exterior half the size of the other, very acute, nerveless except the midrib, the interior 6 nerved (5-7 nerved ?) ; Sterile flower of two nearly equal valves, acute, pubescent under a lens, exterior 5 nerved, interior 2 nerved, enclosing three filaments; valves of the perfect flower rigid; outer one longest, enclosing the inner, ob- scurely 5 nerved, inner one enclosing the seed, obscurely 8 nerved ; Styles 2; seed obovate, obtuse. In a careful comparison of this plant with C. echinatus and tribulóides I find no difference in their flowers. The involucrum is less spiny, naked at the base, spines shorter, and the plant more robust. I found it preserving its character through two seasons, and for distinction’s sake have imposed a trivial name upon it, but am far from being certain that it is more than a variety of C. echinàtus. . Found at Smithville in cultivated fields. ` It — nearer to C. tribulóides than C. echinàtus. (45) Festüca duriüscula? | Stem 21 feet high! round, very smooth; Lower leaves 18 inches long, 1-2 lines wide, basins; slightly scabrous, and with elevated nerves on the upper surface; Sheaths not half as long as the joints; Panicle erect, secund, with short, racemose branches; Spikelets linear lanceolate, compressed, 9-12 flowered ; Calyx unequal; Exterior valve ‘of the corol 3 nerved, acute.or with a short awn, interior valve emarginate. P Flowers May. Found on Mink Island, Masonborough with F. elàtior. Neither of them are found on the main, to my knowledge. - 46) Limnétis jáncea, var: monógyna. Stem ail 3 feet high; Leaves 8-12 inches long; Spikes 3-6, about their length distant from each other; Style 9 cleft like L. cynosuróides. In every other particulas agreeing soe NES Des ar ae CR it " 3 Plants around Wilmington, N. c. 137 ” exactly with L. jüncea. Grows abundantly on the sandy beach at the mouth of Cape Fear river. L. jüncea has not been found there. (41) Orthopógon hirtéllum. Calyx 3-4 valved, usually 3, the exterior shortest, with an awn 3 times as long as the flower, second valve half the length of the corol, with an awn equal to the valve, interior one equal to the corol and: merely mucronate ; valves all hairy. Found near the Light House. . Panicum carinatum, Tor. MS. P; Walteri Ell! Stem 3 feet high, round, smooth, hollow ; Leaves rigid, glabrous, strongly nerved, 8-10 inches long; Panicle with one-sided spikes, appressed, when old expanding, buds 3-4 flowered; Cor; valves acute, carinate, com- pressed at the summit, keel ciliate at the tip; exterior valve half the length of the others, ovate, 3 nerved ; the other two subequal, lanceolate, 5 nerved ; second valve enclosing the germ: flower; third valve forming with the neutral valve a staminiferous, triandroüs, floret. In the form of its flowers this is closely allied to P. hians. _ Hab. swamps. Flowers July; August. | (49) Pánicum scabriásculum, Ell! Leaves 6-18 inches long ; Flowers ovate, acute, glabrous ; accessory valve of the calyx small; proper valves nerved, acute ; neutral valve half the lengtii ‘of the corol, lanceolate ; corol oval, smaller than the calyx dias in the pube- scence of stem, sheaths, and leaves. «Hab. Rice fields; flowers June, July. (50) Paspalum idilisiulum : The flat valve of the calyx is marked by a longitudinal and a transverse fold in the form of a cross. This character disappears in drying, and is clearly accidental, though observed in nu- merous instances. . -$ ROA E A M ae AT E i è 138 Curtis’s Enumeration of ~ Under P. setàceum is a slender variety, presenting the characters of P. débile, Mx. found on the Masi sea coast, but evidently a stinted P. setàceu Is P. setaceum more than a variety of P. ciliatifalium ? ? (51) Poa autumnalis, Ell. Very distinct, it appears to me, from P. pungens, Tor. Culm 1-2 feet high, very slender; Leaves 6-10 inches long, 1 line broad, . flat, smooth except on the margin towards the summit, 3-5 nerved, slightly glaucous beneath; the upper ones distant and shorter; Sheaths short, smooth; Stipules membranous and lacerate, sometimes wanting ; Panicle 3-4 inches long, slender, branches solitary or the lowest in pairs, erect, scabrous, simply racemed, rarely subdi- vided ; Spikelets 1-3 near the ends of the branches, pedicelled, 3-5 flowered ; Florets loose, tomentose at base; Calyx glumes acutish, shorter than a floret, supe- rior one a third longest, 3 nerved, with a membranous margin; Corol lanceolate, acute, lower valve longest, 5 nerved, acutely carimated, keel ciliated with a conspicuous white pubescence at the base, upper valve membrana- ceous, 2 nerved. Hab. damp woods. ` Fl. May. Collected also in South Carolina, and seen in the herbarium of the Society, in a col- lection made around Charleston, S. C. by B. D. Greene, Esq : The panicle and flowers are similar to those of P. pungens, but smaller, and the whole plant more delicate and slender. The’ peculiar leaves of P. pungens, if i pe variable, are alone a sufficient distinction. " (52) Carex denh ona Specimens of this mt collected at Wilmington and in South Carolina differ. from the northern plant in being smaller, the scales only half as long as the fruit and without the filiform point. Plants around Wilmington, N. C. 139 ` (53) .Fuiréna squarrósa, Mx. Stem 12-20 inches high, angled, furrowed, hairy at the summit, whole plant very hairy and pubescent when young; Leaves 2-4 inches- long, ciliate, pubescent above, smooth beneath ; Sheaths short, closed, smooth, the lowest leafless ; Scales of the ament obovate, hairy or pubescent, with 3 central combined nerves extending into an awn from below the summit, which is shorter than the scale, ciliate and re- . curved; Sete 3, alternating with the involucels, about as ` long as the pedicel of the seed; Involucels pedicellate, oval or oblong, unawned, sometimes abruptly acute, longer than the seed; Stamens twice as long as the invo- lucels ; Seed triangular, pedicelled. | Hab. open swamps. Flowers July—September, «This is certainly the aspect of the plant in which Michaux has described it. . “ Paleis pistillinis petiolato- spathulatis, muticis ; interjectis totidem setulis brevibus,” Mx. I have not seen it described thus any where else, except in the Encyc. Methodique, * ]es écailles de la corolle oblongues, sans aréte." . I have been disposed to consider the plant. described by other botanists under this name a distinct species. Specimens collected in chusetts differ as follows: Setæ equalling the saria dt hispid ; Involucels lanceolate, acuminated into a long awn, acute at base, twice as long as the seed ; Stamens longer than. the involucels, equal to the style with the stigmas. This is F. hispida, Ell! . Still the plant is so iously described by authors as to excite a doubt if it is bject to considerable variety. Our plant, I have ever found having an awned involucel, in any stage of its growth. | (54) Rhynchospora triflora. Stem 10-18 inches high, setaceous, tangilàr, leafy .at base, glabrous ; Leaves 140 ` Curtiss Enumeration of setaceous, erect, 5-6 inches long, triangular, channeled - on the inside towards the base; Sheath about an inch long, closed ; Panicle terminal, with 1-3 pedicelled spike- lets, s subtended by an erect Jeaf about an inch long, which, with a ferruginous, lanceolate bract, resembling the glumes, encloses the bases of the peduncles ; Glumes 6-7, com outer ones smallest and mucronate, containing two i one of them abortive ; Bristles 6, unequal, etidibemeshan the seed, plumose, naked at the summit ; Staniens 3, as long as the style; Style 3-4 times longer than the seed ; Seed oval, rugose ; Tubercle short, conic. ; Hab. wet savannahs. Flowers April, Mays Intermediate between R. rariflòra and plumòsa. Close- ly allied to the former, judging from the description, but differing at least by the men — in which it resem- bles the latter. . - (55) Scirpus simplex. Stem tino ; Spikes with the aspect of S. tuberculàtus; Seed longitudinally striate and regularly punctate between the ridges, presentati a beautiful appearance under a lens. Bristles 6. Y To these I now add the following: new v species, not mentioned in the Catalogue. pos Aué pha cyanostàchya. . ; Leaflets oblong; emar- Dtuse at. each end, smooth ; Rachis Paleacents ssile; Calyx with the margin villous, two ` tate, piás ds Vexillum chcordte, more the length of the calyx. Obs. ` Leaflets 10-15 pairs, 6-9 lines ito 3 glandular, occupying the petiole nearly “to he s "s . Flowers blue, darker at the aar the ve silan im, and | - Economy of. Hispa. = aL tinguished from A. furticosa, by its different colored flowers ; ; shorter pedicels ; spikes shorter, more pubescent, and less attenuated; a calyx at base; shorter stamens : $ and smaller and more numerous leaflets. "n Ps ART. "IX.—UPON THE ECONOMY OF SOME. AMERICAN SPECIES OF HISPA. By T. w. HARRIS, M. D. Read Feb . 18, are Ir is he peculiar province of the nituratist to investi- gate the habits and economy of animals. The discovery of these does infinitely more towards the advancement of a science founded wholly upon observation, than the mere description of new species. "This is more especially true in entomology, in which, such has been the cupidity and vanity of collectors, that the legitimate objects of the science, the habits, uses, and stations of insects in the system of nature, have been neglected for the acquisition and description of species, the indication of new genera, and the coining of an immense number of new tic terms, in a science whose nomenclature is already overburdened. If the foregoing remarks be founded i in fact, no o apology will be necessary for t of the present paper in the pages of this journal. to the larva and pupa of Hispa, and their man- ` iving, have been unknown ; after they have been d it will remain for the makers of systems to is pe of insects its proper placé. 7; in eme of that fanciful theory abound- ded ere the forms of larve and those of other ani- VOL. I.—PART IJ. 19 a . 142 ` = Harris upon the Economy of some ials, says that * Cassida seems to belong to a peculiar type;" that * at present he knows of no analogous form amongst the apterous tribes, and must therefore leave this without a denomination ;” and that “ perhaps the larva of Hispa or Alurnus, when known, will throw light upon this subject.” * The larva of Hispa has not the most distant resemblance to that of Cassida, or to any other now knòwn among- the genera with which it has been arti- ficially associated. So far as mere form is concerned, it is related to the wood-eating larve of the Capricorn beetles, particularly of the genus Callidium ; while. its habits are those of the leaf-mining caterpillars, of < certain moths.: Towards the end of July, 1820, I cd upon an apple-tree several leaves which had large brownish spots upon them. These spots were not occasioned by dis- ease, but by the destruction of the internal pulpy sub- stance or parenchyma of the. leaf, while the cuticle or skin, both above and below, remained entire. When a leaf was held between the eye and the light, there could be seen, through the discolored but semi-transparent cuti- cle, a little whitish flattened grub, which had devoured the parenchyma, and lay enclosed in- the cavity thus formed between the two aai of skin. On = = each one might have been about an inch squ — containing larve, among which was * Kirby & Spence, Introduction to Bee t II1. p. 166. a 4 into the pupa or chrysalis wate, were shut »* ee ` head, gradually narrower behind, was yel- » American species of Hispa. ~ 143 up ina box. Soon afterwards the insects passed through their transformation, and, leaving the cast-off pupa-skin nearly entire, within the cavities which they had occu- pied, they made irregular perforations through the dried cuticle, and came out upon the surface of the leaves. The insects, thus disclosed in the perfect or winged state, proved to be little beetles belonging to the genus Hispa ; but as they were subsequently lost, it is not in my power positively to identify them with any of the species now in my collection. In June, 1827, I discovered a leaf of the poplar-tree which contained a small dead larva, very closely resem- bling that of the Hispa of the apple-tree ; but it was not till the 17th of July, 1829, that an opportunity of ob- serving in detail the habits of these insects again pre- sented itself. Upon this day I found larve, like those of the apple-tree, feeding, in the same manner, upon the parenchyma of the leaves of the white oak. Each one of these insects, when fully grown, measured from 20 to 27 hundredths of an inch in length. [{Fig.1.] (Fig. 1] The head was horny and of a brownish | © “4 black color; the body, consisting of 11 segments, flattened and broad near the sh white, except the greater part of the | side’ of the first segment, a spot in^ dle of the under side of the same, er part of the tip of the last ich were dark brown or nearly e head was small in proportion to the size e of . the Geet segment, and partially drawn within it. Mi m ee antenne were perceptible, and the jaws were” strong, somewhat triangular, and simple, or nde 144. Harris upon the Economy of some dented within. "The legs were six, short, and of a brown color, a pair beneath the first, second, and third segments. 'The other segments were dilated at the sides, and ter- minated by small brown tubercles. Above these lateral mammillary projections was a series of 7 smaller ones each bearing a spiracle or aperture for respiration. ‘The second segment, at the sides, near its anterior edge, was furnished with two large spiracles, and two, still larger, were situated upon the upper part of the terminal seg- ment, near its tip. The fourth and remaining segments, except the last, had, both above and below, a transverse callous spot, covered with minute projections like a rasp, which ones to be designed to aid the meget in its motions On the fifth of August five of hei larvæ were trans- formed to pupæ, four of which assumed the perfect state on the eleventh, and the fifth on the twelfth of the same month ; from which it appears that the pupa state lasts — six and seven days. "The color of the pupa was of a yellisrish white, but, as it approached the period of its final change, the body became reddish, and the wing-sheaths brown: Its body was rather shorter and broader than that of the larva; the abdominal segments were tuberculated at the sides, and were furnished, both above and beneath, in the centre of each segment, with a transverse series of elevations, much larger and more prominent than those of the larva, H and tipped with short bristles. “T'he sheaths of the wings and legs were folded on the breast, and those of the antenn under the lateral margins of the first and second segments. ` When disturbed, the pupa moved about in its habitation, by means of the rasps upon its psa a served instead of feet. This insect, in its perfect form, resembles Buri rosea ` American species of Hispa. 145 of Weber in sculpture, size, and shape, and indeed offers no character by which it may be distinguished from that common insect, except its dull yellow color, and the much deeper crimson tint of the lines with which it is adorned: possibly it is merely a variety arising from a difference of food, or from other causes of an accidental nature. ` The habitat of the larva of the rosea is, as yet, unknown to me; in its winged state it occurs in abund- ance, during the latter part of May and beginning of June; upon the young leaves of ARONIA arbutifolia. “Mr. Say has re-described the Hispa résea of Weber ` under the name of marginata, and it is highly probable that the Hispa quadrata of Fabricius is also identical. Weber’s specific name, however, having the priority, in point of time, both over that of Fabricius and of Say, must be retained. Fabricius has erroneously cited the résea of Weber as synonymous with his Hrspa suturdlis. The following descriptions will serve to point out the . difference between Hispa résea and the variety ` j fit be such) which inhabits the oak. soigedu da Hispa rôséea. Fulvous red, lineated with blood red : elytra truncated, sulcated, and punctured in double rows ; breast and belly black ; feet testaceous. Length from twenty to twenty-five hundredths of an inch. ! Antenne brownish, paler at tip. ‘Thorax covered with close and deep punctures ; anterior and lateral edges blood id, and two very faint reddish lines on -the disk. The e eoptra form an oblong square, of a fine fulvous red - color, darker toward the tip, serrated on the outer edge, E x which, with the suture, is elevated. Four elevated lines on each elytron, the first one, next the suture, forked at - the base, and the third interrupted in the middle. These ridges and the margin are ornamented with dark purplish 4 KA: = t 146 Harris upon the Economy of some red lines, and the fürrows between. them have double series of large transverse punctures. The body beneath except at the sides, is black, and the feet are testaceous yellow. Variety, (H. .quercifólie). 'Testaceous or ochreous yellow ; sides of the thorax, two lines on the disk, and about eleven short lines on the elevated ridges and mar- gins of the elytra blackish red. Body beneath testace- ous ; feet pale ochreous yellow. Differs from the H. rédsea in being paler, with much ~ darker lines., The anterior margin of the thorax is im- maculate ; the dorsal \lines are as deeply colored as the sides ; and the breast and abdomen are not black. Towards the end of July, 1829, I discovered some lar- ve maven the leaves of the Rosinta pseudacacia, which red in appearance so much from those of the oak hat I had no doubt of their belonging to different . sp n form they were more elongated and not so m ed ; the body was not so broad before, and tubercles were more acuminated and directed ba ‘so as to give the sides of the body a serrated “appearance. In other respects they agreed with the pre- viously discovered species.. The pupe [Fig. 2.] were exceedingly [Fig. 2.] active, and moved about, when disturbed in their cavities, backwards and forwards, . by an upward and downward action of the abdominal segments. The pupa state lasted seven days, and on the twelfth of es August I had the pleasure of seeing the perfect insects in the box in which they had been raised. They -proved tø be the Hispa suturàlis of Fabricius, which may be thus described. pru vfaciei 0 f Hispa. 141 d Hispa — "Thorax and elytra dusky orange or tawny yellow ; the latter with a black sutural line widen- ing towards the tip: head, antenne, body and legs black. Length from 25 to 28 hundredths of an inch. Thorax rough, with deep and dense punctures ; scutel black, impunctured; elytra rounded behind and serrated ; the suture, lateral margin, and three longitudinal lines elevated; the vestige of another elevated line behind the middle within the submarginal line ; furrows with double ~ rows of deep, transverse punctures, pomol by slender 3 longitudinal lines. On the 14th of July, 1833, I found full grown larve of a Hispa in the leaves of Sorrpaco /evigata, ‘a plant abounding upon the margins of our salt marshes, where I was led to look for these larvae in consequence of having discovered Hispa vittàta, in the perfect me in the axils of the leaves, during the month of ber, 1832. "These larve [Fig. 3.] mea- sured 40 hundredths of an inch in length : they were more elongated than the two | «4 preceding species, more acuminated before on and behind, and the lateral tubercles were much more prominent. The body was whitish, the head and feet dusky or black- ish; the disk of the first or thoracic seg- ment was marked with a transversely oval brown spot, near the anterior part of which were two black dots. ‘The last segment was brownish above. The sides of the rings were prominent, tooth- like, pointing backwards, and tipped with small, acumi- nated black points on the sides of each segment except the first, third, and last., "There were tubercular rasps on the body as in other species. The pupæ bore a gen- 3 * sd 148 ` Harris upon the Economy of some E eral resemblance to those of Hispa suturális, and in the course of about a week disclosed the Hispa vittata of Fabricius. "Phis species, as has been remarked by Mr. Say,* varies much in its colors; but it may generally be. recognised by the following description. Hispa vittáta. Greenish black, bronzed; thorax and a longitudinal stripe on each elytron of a dull red or ru- fous color. Length from 24 to 29 hundredths of an inch. Thorax punctured, the disk sometimes brassy black ; elytra striato-punctate in a double series, rounded behind, the outer margin entire and slightly rufous. Body gen- erally greenish black, sometimes venti dark steel blue or bluish black. This insect J first saw on the marsh golden-ro i in Sep- ien 1629; again in September, 1832, in great num- ves of the same plant; and, the tenth of June, 1834, I found it celebrating’ its s, and discovered on the leaves of the plants, fiet by it, little black grains which, I presume, were the eggs of the insect. These granular bodies were about 7 hundredths of an inch long, somewhat . elliptical, flattened upon the side which was glued to the leaf, and covered upon the rest of the surface with a rough, black substance. "They were in clusters of four or five, placed side by side, and adhered closely to- gether, and to the leaf on which they were fixed. Upon the leaves of the plants inhabited by the other species of Hispa, I have often observed somewhat similar eggs, not however in. clusters, but placed singly, and of a more * Appendix to Keating's Narrative of Long’s Expedition, page RON UT Seu TENET > À *. : ~ -American species of. Hispa. 149 irregular or angulated shape. Never having traced the development of these eggs, Ï cannot positively affirm them to belong to the Hispz, though I have but little doubt on the subject. : T am, by no means, certain whether or linn the Hispz pass the winter, but presume that they hybernate, in the perfect state, among the roots of herbage; for there does not seem to be more than one brood in the season, and the perfect insects of the different species appear, at their _ proper times, during the spring of summer, before the «` larve are to be found. It may be well to remark, that the habits of these insects, in their natural state, are pre- cisely the same as those which they exhibit when reared in confinement, and that Ï have repeatedly observed larve, pupz, and. perfect insects within the subcutaneous retreats where they pass through all their transformations, and which they leave only when they are aout: to pro- vide for a continuation of their race. Secure as they may seem to be, while in au larva state, they are not without their enemies; for a small Ichneumon is endued with the faculty of discovering them, and is furnished with a long piercer with which it perforates the cuticle of the leaf and the skin of their ` tender bodies, into which it conveys its eggs, committing only one to a single larva. The grub hatched from the egg of this parasitic insect lives within the body of its "victim, which has barely sufficient strength to undergo the change to a pupa, when it dies, exhausted by the ‘remorseless gnawings of its intestine foe. The latter completes, in a few days, its own transformations within > the empty pupa-skin of the Hispa, from which it eventu- - ally emerges in the winged state. Those which I ob- „ p tained came out during the a: of August, 1829, : fom, VOL. I.— PART II. 150 Economy of the Hispa. * the pup: of Hrspa rósea ? ( quercifólie ) and H. suturàlis. The following peres will serve to identify this parasitic — ^: apes Icuneumon Hispe. Black, 5 abdomen, above, rough with deep confluent punctures ; 5 piercer as long as the abdomen; legs honey yellow, the hinder tibiæ tarsi white, — with black ; wings trans- parent, with a black carpal s Length of the body to o. ‘bess of the piercer, 29 hundredths of an inch. » Expansion of the wings 59 hundredths of an inchs The body of this species is black and highly polished ; the antenne and piercer, however, though black, are opaque. ‘The abdomen is slender, almost sessile, densely punctured above, and with impunctured incisures, and the first segment is deeply concave before. ‘The upper side of the anterior and intermediate tarsi are sometimes dusky. ‘The hindmost tibie are white, with a broad, black ring at both extremities. The 1st, 2d, and 3d of the hindmost tarsal joints are tipped with black, and the two last joints are entirely black above. The Baron DeGeer, in the 5th volume of his ff (ee moires pour servir à l'histoire des Insectes," * has. an account of the proceedings of “some kinds of E whose transformations are unknown, but which appear to belong to the class of coleopterous insects." Two of these T in size, form, and habits, are much like those of Hispa; his insects, however, left the leaves where ` they had been feeding, went into the earth, and there perished jipbosit ipie their transformations. Es à Say's Descriptions, &c. 151 fortunately, no person has thought proper to follow up the observations of DeGeer upon the subcutaneous larve of the European alder and elm, "and. consequently f these interesting insects remains imperfect. »* ART. X.—DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW NORTH AMERICAN COLEOPTEROUS INSECTS, AND OBSERVATIONS ON E aS DESCRIBED. By Tuomas Say. Com- üicated Feb. Tx this number, we present to our eager a part of the hitherto unpublished entomological papers of the late Thomas Say. This’ distinguished and lamented Ameri- can naturalist was engaged in preparing them for pub- lication in the Boston Journal of Natural History, when his labors were prematurely arrested by the disease which proved fatal to him, on the tenth of October 1834. In justice to his memory, it becomes our duty, without delay, to publish these posthumous papers, and thereby to secure to his pames, as far as possible, the right of priori RE ie De bod RU TIT S ` NM 16 ee y M These papers consist of descriptions of new American - Coleopterous and Hymenopterous insects, and. remarks upon some already described. "The Hymenoptera y will appear in our next number. (Pub. Com. ) j „e aede. Weber. B. alternans ? Dej. A specimen occurred near Y. 152 Say s Descriptions of new the characters, nearly corresponds with this species ; but as the head is deficient in the specimen, I cannot deter- mine positively ; and, furthermore, the circumstance of the 2d and 4th elytral coste not being obviously ele- vated, leads to a doubt. k SANDALUS, ] Knoch. 1. S. petrophya, Knoch. | I uen dd this insect, ie quently, on the flowers of a resinous plant common in the s of Missouri. « S.? brünneus. Blackish-brown ; antennz sericeous- isi thorax with two indentations on the disk. Inhabits Indiana. : Body blackish-brown, pauctured, oblong: head with small punctures, rather prominent between the antenne, above which it is somewhat indented: antenne as long as the thorax or rather longer, brown sericeous: thorax with small punctures, anterior and posterior angles denti- form ; disk with a small orbicular indentation each side behind the middle, and an irregular one on the basal middle; posterior margin each side of the middle a little concave : scutel | orbicular : elytra with numerous some- what large punctures, not in strie, with four slightly elevated lines or nervures, the inner one abbreviated be- fore the tip, the others confluent near the tips. =- Length from two fifths to three fifths of an inch. his insect approaches, in character, nearer to Sanda- 1 to any other genus. [n that genus the mandi- markably falcate, and the tooth is on the inner s the base ; they are also covered to the mid- mbrane or coriaceous process; the tibiz are ral and denticulate, the are te ae ` A North American Coleopterous Insects. E clothed with very dense hairs. In our insect the con- formation of the antenne is the same as in the female of Sándalus, excepting that they are much more elongated ; r the mandibles are less prominent, and have the tooth on the superior side near the tip, which is therefore emar- ginate, or rather bifid, and are destitute of any membran- ous covering at base; the tibi are not quadrangular, the tarsi are simple beneath, and the mentum is somewhat transversely oval, with a robáss dentiform process before. It can be separated under the name of Zenoa. I have found it under the bark of decaying trees. Vid. Gen. ANALESTES, Leach, or Cesrio. Probably C. bicolor, but it does not appear to agree with Fabricius’s description. Lycus, Fabr. 1. L. modéstus. Black ; Thorax fulvous, with a. black: disk. Inhab. Ohio. Body black, opake : ` ‘antenna, eoi joint "m nearly half the size of the third: mandibles? rufous: palpi, terminal joint rather oval than securiform : thora: broader than long, as wide as the base of the elytra, red dish-fulvous, with a black disk extending to the base, disk a little convex, without any carinate line, each side a little i concave, lateral edge nearly rectilinear, the. ^ angles not excurved, and not very acute at tip, ant edge regularly arcuated: elytra black, with el longitudinal lines, and in the intervening space é merous transverse, elevated lines, and a wi om; ees B ve Ê Say’s Descriptions of new = The insect was lost before the measure of its length was taken. 2. L. obliquus. Black; margin of the thorax and basal margin of the elytra fulvous. > Inhab. Mexico. - Body rather slender, baee; antenne compressed, - serrate : palpi white, terminal joint black: thorax with a wide lateral fulvous margin and an elevated fulvous line in the middle, posterior angles rather prominent and acute; elytra with elevated longitudinal lines and trans- verse ones in the intervening spacés, forming large sub- quadrate punctures ; a dilated fulvous margin at base, occupying the surface to the sutural stria, before the middle becoming . narrower until it terminates on the costal edge beyond the middle: core white. h seven twentieths of an inch. ioe "to dimidiàtus, Fabr. but the antenne are not flabellate. 3. L. conclinsiiters Black; thorax with a yellowish _ margin and an impressed line on the basal ee - Inhab. Missouri. Mandibles pale ; antenne serrate, third. joint rather shorter than the fourth ; thoraz yellowish-rufous, a large; black, subquadrate spot on the disk, anterior edge very prominently arcuated ; basal margin with an abbreviated impressed longitudinal groove: elytra with elevated lon- gitudinal lines and intermediate transverse ones. : pec fourth of an inch. fo iue Dulcis, Geoffr. F. ar xd abe (Loo) Ho Knie North American Coleopterous Insects. 155 2. O. soccthàres, Sanguineous ; head and beneath black. Inhab. Pennsylvania and Indiana. . Body sanguineous ; head black ; mandibles pale red- dish ; thorax darker than the ebjers its depressions ` two longitudinal elevated lines, distant in the middle, and meeting on the anterior and posterior edges ` =. :of the thorax, enclosing a rhomboidal space; from their middle an elevated line proceeds to the lateral, edge ; the margin elevated: scutel blackish : ely¢ra -with four elevated lines; interstitial spaces with a longitudinal slightly elevated line, and transverse ones about the dis- tance of their own length from each other ; wings black- ish: beneath black. Length over two fifths of an inch. 3. O. mundus. Bright sanguineous ; antenne black. Inhab. Indiana. ` - Body entirely bright sanguineous : antenne, excepting the three basal joints, black: eyes black: thorax with two longitudinal elevated lines, distant in the middle and meeting before the anterior and posterior edges of the thorax, enclosing a rhomboidal space ; from their middle - an elevated line passes to the lateral edge, and an ele- vated abbreviated line on the posterior submargin : elytra with four elevated lines ; interstitial spaces with a longi- tudinal, very slightly elevated line, and transverse ones, about the distance of their own length apart; venter black: tarsi dusky. - Length one fourth of an inch, Much like the preceding, but is tá half as biis; "x its colors are differently arran 4. O. humerális, F. (Lycus. ) Syst. Eleuth. y dip e < ` MC Sat be P 156 ` Says Descriptions of new Inhabits also Indiana ; Massachusetts, =. It varies in having the humeral margin obsolete. 5. O. seülptilis. Piceous; thorax with elevated lines, yellowish each side. id . pleurites ? | Knoch. in Melsh. Catal. * Ë t Inhab. Missouri and Pennsylvania. A Antenne black, second joint minute ; third joint as long as the others: head black; diyputia anteriorly a . little produced, impressed in the middle ; thorax with three elevated, parallel lines before the middle, and two behind the middle, a lateral somewhat oblique line pro- ceeding to the lateral edge, which is obtusely a little contracted in that part: elytra with four elevated lines, interstitial spaces with transverse, elevated, somewhat irregülar lines, nearer to each. other than their own length. Length about one fourth of an inch. 6, O. obliquus. Black ; base of the ilya and: each side of the thorax yellowish. Inhabits Indiana. Body black : antenne, second joint more than half. as long as the third : front tinged with ferruginous: thorar reddish-yellow, with elevated lines enclosing a turbinate space in the middle, with an elevated line extending from its centre to the anterior edge, and an oblique one each side, extending to the lateral edge ; edge elevated ; disk black, extending to the base : elytra. reddish-yellow on the basal half, terminated obliquely at the middle; elevated longitudinal lines and intermediate transverse ones; a quadrate black spot, including the black scutel. Length x: than two fifths of an inch. 2 aee ^2 € PE es Eoo TEE Mo Cer p < : North American Coleopterous Insects. 157 L. PHENnGoDbEs, Hoffm. P. plumòsa, Oliv. P. testàceus, Leach, Zool. Journ. 1824. 1 ¥ Not uncommon for a short period in the autumn. At- tracted by the candle, they enter the house in the even- ing, and By: repeatedly mide the ceiling in their efforts to escape- &nisi Lampyris, Lin. 1. L. trilinedta. Grayish-brown; elytra with the margin and three lines Sp $ | Inhab. Mexico. Head on the front, pale carneous or yellowish : anten- n& black-cinereous, basal joint whitish : thorax varied with dull yellowish, blackish and rosaceous, sometimes a blackish vitta trilobate at base, and a lateral marginal spot: scutel blackish : elytra 'gray-brown, the edge and sometimes the margin all around, and two or three lines on each elytron, yellowish: beneath blackish, Du varied with rosaceous and yellowish. Length over half an inch. ‘Varia. An oblong-subquadrate, marginal, elisa spot behind the humerus. A large species, wider and shorter than L. versicolor, Fabr. which it somewhat resembles in the character of the m, as it does L. neu Nob. in that of the 9. L bifaria. Antenne wis two processes from the base of each joint. Inhab. North Carolina, Harris. . Body black, densely punctured : € idt a — VOL. I.—PART II = eo “158 Say’s Descriptions of new line: antenne at the base of each joint, excepting the first, second and ultimate ones, with two, opposite pro- cesses at least as long as the joint and nearly as thick : thorax fulvous, with a dilated black vitta not reaching the anterior edge ; an impressed line ; elytra confluently punctured, appearing granulated. ` . ï beige Length nearly seven twentieths of an inch. Remarkable by the form of the antenne. Cantuaris, Lin. 1. C. tricostatus. Elytra widened and rounded later- ally, with three elevated lines. Inhabits Pennsylvania; Massachusetts, Harris, —- Body black, with small dull yellowish hairs: head piceous at base; front yellow, oral margin blackish ; be- fore the eyes and base of the mandibles yellow : anten- ne, second joint nearly equal to the third, which is obvi- ously shorter than the following ones: maxillary palpt much longer than the labials, black : thorax transverse, yellow ; disk fuscous ; each side widely concave ;.ante- riorly widely truncate; posteriorly widely emarginate:: elytra laterally roundedly dilated ; three prominent lines ; humerus prominent : feet dark piceous; knees paler. Length nearly half an inch. mius - Var. Thoracic margin rufous ; front obscure. e _ The width of the elytra and the form of the elevated lines, are like some species of Lampyris ; but although the palpi are very unequal, yet those of the maxilla are not acute at tip, and the antenne are distant. we 2 C invalida. Blackish ; sides of the front of the thorax, and margins of the elytra, yellowish. Inhab. Indiana. `* North American Coleopterous Insects. | 159° Body brown-black, covered with short hairs: head each side beneath the antenne yellowish : mandibles yel- lowish at base: antenne, first and second joints. yellow- ish beneath : thorax margined, black, each side yellow- ish ; disk rather unequal: e/ytra rather rough irregularly, with three or four obsolete nervures ; base of the exterior margin of the’ suture and elevated humerus, yellowish : pectus each side and before, yellow: 2g segments laterally margined with yellow. ! Length less than one fourth of an inchi Var. œ. Margin and suture of the elytra yellowish to the tip.. It differs from rifipes, Nob. and. Mills Nob. in being more robust and hairy; from angulàta, Nob., which it most resembles, by the entirely black feet, yel- lowish humerus and basal elytral margins, yellow lateral ventral margins, somewhat more dilated terminal joints of the palpi, &c. 8. C. percómis. Black, thorax rufous, immaculate. ‘Inhabits Massachusetts, Harris. Body black, somewhat polished : itteniki with the basal joint tinged with piceous ; second joint less than one third the length of the third, which is a little shorter than the fourth: thorax transversely oval, bright rufous, ` the edge a little elevated and dusky : elytra with a slightly uneven appearance, not amounting to punctures or gran- _ ulations. hes nearly one fifth of an. iii I have seen but one specimen si was s presented to me by Dr. Harris. 4. C. bidentata, Nob. Journ. A. N. S. may prove to be a Silis, Meg. anipigie aniaya I can- not determine. k a Rv AS WC eC Ld A Ue na dE E. ee i A ce AS ule DNO = NE Š ETR A 160 Say’s Descriptions of new , MALTHINUS. M. marginalis, Nob. (Molórchus) Journ. A. N. S. 1824, read to the Society the preceding year. Malthinus latipénnis? Germar Spec. Nove, p. 72. 1824. Dasytes, Payk. Fabr. To this genus, as I now understand it, belong several species, which I published under the genus Malachius ; such as terminalis, Nob., &c. Titus, Fab. T.? terminàtus. Black ; terminal joint of the antenne as long as the head and thorax. => | ; Inhab. United States. wilt a Body black, densely punctured and with numerous cinereous hairs : eyes reniform, emargination very pro- found : antenna, radical joint suboval ; second joint globular; 3d, 4th, 5th and 6th very short, transverse, approximated ; 7th, 8th and 9th rather. larger, serrate ; terminal one greatly elongated, longer than the head and thorax, and about three times as. long as all the preced- ing joints conjunctly, much .compressed, linear, with dense minute black hairs, tip and. base rounded : labrum rounded at tip : mandibles bifid at tip: thorax cylindrical, hardly narrowed at base, margin rufous: tarsi distinctly five articulate ; first joint longer than the second ; penul- timate one bilobate : nails dentated : abdomen sanguine- ous ; terminal segment black. : Length rather more than one fourth of an inch. l obtained two specimens of this curious insect, at the . North American Coleopterous Insects. ` K y comit of Major Long’s party near Council Bluff on Missouri river. It occurs also in Indiana and Penn- C á By the form of the tarsi, palpi and thorax, i it approaches the present genus ; but the extraordinary conformation of the antenne seems to require a separation from the other species, at least in a distinct subgenus. It varies in having the rufous thoracic margin very narrow, and even interrupted on the lateral margin. Pnrocrna, Kirby. P. inornata. Black-piceous ; antenne and palpi yel- lowish ; maxillary palpi with the last joint rather small. j oha Indiana. . Body elongated, blackish-piceous, with pale iain punctured : head, punctures somewhat confluent, so as to present a rather granulated appearance : antenne honey- yellow, terminal joint hardly larger than the preceding ` one: labrum piceous, obtusely emarginate : mandibles piceous at base: mazillary palpi with the terminal joint small: thorax with an obtuse tubercle each side of ` the middle, on which is an indentation ; an impressed, trans- verse line before the middle and a contraction behind the middle ; an indentation on the basal margin ; punctures not profound, transversely confluent : elytra with deeply punctured strie:. core and farsi honey-yellow. - < Length two fifths of an inch. This species agrees with all the characters of the pre- sent genus, as laid down by Kirby, with the exception of the magnitude of the terminal joint of the maxillary palpi, which is much smaller than that of the "ip ofthe ; genus. It is rare. 162 3 Say’s Descriptions of new. To this genus, which was separated from Tillus by Kirby, the following species appear to belong. ` 3 Tillus bicolor, Nob. Journ. A. N. S. vol. 5, p. 174. Tillus undulàtus, Nob. ibid. p. 174. | Crrnvs, Fab. 1. C. quadrisignàtus. Posterior two thirds of the elytra black, with two broad whitish bands, - Inhabits North Carolina. - Harris. Body rufous, somewhat hairy : antenne black : palpi rufous, dusky at base: thorax with an angulated im- pressed line: elytra black, basal third rufous; a broad yellowish-white band on the middle and a narrower one near the tip; more obviously and densely punctured at base: feet black. f Length two fifths of an inch. Very different from C. ichneumonéus, F. and trifascia- tus, S. by the bands of the elytra. ‘The middle one of the latter is rufous or fulvous, and of the former black, and as long as wide, whilst in the present species the middle band is not so long as the width of the elytra, and the posterior band is at least half its size and of the same color. rs ! 2. C. sanguineus. Elytra sanguineous; head and thorax dusky. | Tm an ` Inhabits United States. ` ba: Body dark piceous: antenna, terminal joint paler: thorax with a longitudinal dorsal, and lateral rounded indentations: scutel dark piceous : elytra with numerous, obvious, profound, irregularly disposed punctures : venter and feet somewhat paler. 2 i Length about one fifth of an inch. North "— Coleopterous Insects. 163 Found in most parts of the Union. Dr. Harris sent me an individual from Massachusetts. , 3. C. oculatus. 'lhorax and margin of the elytra "yellowish, the former with two black dots. Inhabits Massachusetts. Head black: antenne yellowish: thorax yellowish, cylindrical, with a black dot on each side of the middle : elytra black, with the suture, exterior and terminal mar- gins yellowish ; regular series of large punctures : : feet yellowish. Length over one fifth di an. inch. Sent to me for examination by. Dr. Harris. 4. C. undátulus. Elytra black, with a zigzag cinere- ‘ous band near the middle, and a simple one. behind. Inhabits New Hampshire. Body sanguineous, punctured, hairy: head blackish ; labrum, antenne and palpi rufous: thorax with an angu- lated, deeply impressed line on the anterior submargin ; anterior margin blackish : elytra black, with a very small rufous portion at base ; before the middle a deeply zigzag narrow cimereous band. in the form of a W, the middle angle pointing anteriorly, wider on the lateral margin ; anterior to the band are large punctures in regular ; stris ; posterior band broader, cinereous, not undulated : : post- pectus with a black middle. Length one fifth of an inch. May be distinguished from nigrifrons, S. and nigripes, S. by the intermediate angle of the anterior band point- ing forward, and from dùbius, F., which it closely resem- bles, by its blackish head, middle of the-postpectus, and by the form of the posterior band, Bici is not undulated as in that species. Ives gent tone by Dr. Harris. 164 Say’s Descriptions of new 5. C. humeralis. S. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. vol. 3, * pt. 1, 1893. C. humeralis, Germar, Sp. Nove. 1824. Tricuopes, Fab. 1. T. Nuttálli, Kirby, Trans. Linn. Soc. vol. 12. T. apivorus, Germar. Sp. Nove. p. 81. It has also received a name in Dejean’s Catalogue. 2. T. verticalis. Blackish ; head yellow, with a black vitta ; feet and base of the elytra yellowish. ` Inhabits United States. " Blackish, somewhat bronzed: head yellowish, with a — black vitta on the vertex: thorax somewhat cylindric} a little larger i in the middle: elytra shorter than the abdo- men, not meeting at the suture, a little narrowed to the tip, which is rounded, densely and irregularly punctured, punctures rather large; a large, yellowish spot extends from the base nearly to the middle: feet yellowish. Length three twentieths of an inch. Var. œ, tenéllus. ‘Thorax dusky : elytra entirely pale yellowish white, at tip only a little dusky. ; Thorax with a lateral abbreviated vitta on the anterior margin: = of the elytra slender, and nearer the suture. Dr. Harris sent me a specimen from Massachusetts. Ihave obtained it on the common Hickory (Carya) in _Evyoruiom, Latr. 1. E. laticérnis. Black ; front and each side of the thorax fulvous. . North American Coleopterous Insects. 165 Inhabits North Carolina. Body black, punctured: head fulvous : mouth, eyes and antenne black ; the latter, with the three ultimate joints as broad as long, subquadrate, narrowed at base, the last one oval: thorax fulvous, of nearly equal width ; a transverse rectilinear, indented line on the anterior sub- margin, and indented points each side: elytra with regu- lar strie of large pany mone wider than the inter- stitial lines. Length less than one fourth of an inch. The only specimen I have seen was sent to me by Dr. Harris for examination. 9. E. damicórne, F. (Tillus. ) In his description Fabricius says, “ atemearsim articulis. duobus ultimis dilato-compressis, acutis," but there are, of course, three dilated ultimate joints. i Prinvs, L. ` P. humeràlis. Reddish-brown ; thorax quadrituber- culate ; elytra with two bands widely interrupted by the suture. Inhabits Panyi aars Harris. Head pale reddish-brown, with incumbent pale ferru- ginous hair ; vertex glabrous: thorax reddish-brown, with incumbent, pale ferruginous hair; an acute, elevated tubercle on each side, and two longitudinal obtuse ones on the disk, separated by a groove: scutel with prostrate, cinereous hair: elytra dark reddish-brown, somewhat | paler at base, with rather rigid elevated hairs and regular strie of rather large, impressed punctures ; two remote whitish bands interrupted at the suture. Very closely allied to P. fur, urbe oe d VOL. I.—PART II. rs. ted 4 166 Say’s Descriptions of new rounded ; the punctures of the elytra are smaller, and thoracic groove less profound. z x E PS 3 XE ? 5 . DORCATOMA, Herbst. (CD. similis. _ Rounded, blackish head dark piceous ; elytra with two stri and a half. Inhabits North Carolina, Harris. Body rounded, very little oval, convex, punctured ; with short, yellowish hairs: antenne dull rufous ; not very robust; basal joint piceous ; antepenultimate joint extending inwards into a conie process and exhibiting the form of an equilateral triangle, shorter than the pre- ceding part of the antenne; two ultimate joints equal : elytra with three lateral strie, of which the superior one is half the length ;; humerus elevated, compressed, acute. Length less than one tenth of an inch. The D. bicolor, Germar, has a sanguineous thorax, and the oculdta, S. is larger, its antenne more robust, and the terminal joint arcuated. Hyuecetus, Latr. . H.lugübris. Elytra and postpectus black ; abdomen and feet honey-yellow. Inhab. Indiana. -8 Body punctured, with short hairs labrum tinged with piceous : antenna, third joint obscure, yellowish : vertex ` with a glabrous line: thorax with an indented line and a little unequal each side : scutel glabrous and carinate in the middle: elytra with slightly elevated lines : wings dusky, nervures black: beneath black: feet. and abdo- men honey-yellow. _ ` North American Coleopterous Insects. — 161 Length from two fifths to nearly half an inch. 9 Head rufous: antenne black, three basal joints yel- lowish : thorax and pectus rufóus. fc Var. a. Elytra dull yellowish on the basal half. I observed it in considerable numbers, on the 16th of April, flying about a prostrate sugar maple, and running — briskly upon it. It is infested by a species of Gamasus. Cures, F abr. 1. C. cinèrea. Brownish-cinereous ; elytra with fuscous spots and undulations. Inhabits Indiana, Ohio, and Louisiana. Body pale brownish-cinereous: Aead on each side above the eyes, with a series of three tubercles, of which the posterior one is convex, the middle one is most prominent and acute, and the anterior one is at the supe- Hor base of the antenne : eyes prominent, black, polish- ed: antenne nearly as long as the body, robust: thorax with a carinate line on the middle, widely impressed each side, and with four indentations on the anterior mar- gin; anterior angles emarginate: elytra with elevated lines and intervening series of large regular punctures, several abbreviated dark reddish-brown lines and spots which form about three undulated bands, of which one is near the base, one on the middle, and one near the tip : venter paler, somewhat testaceous. ngth over seven twentieths of an inch. ` This is the second species, of this rare genus, that has yet been discovered ; Ï obtained numerous specimens in ` the vicinity of New Harmony, Indiana, and one near Springfield, Ohio, and the specimen from Mr. Barabino _ proves that it inhabits a considerable portion of the ae a * 168 Say’s Descriptions of new Union. The species is widely different from the capi- tata, which I have not found in this region. | [The following description, of the foregoing species, was found among Mr. Say's papers, and, as it contains some particulars not noticed above, we have thought proper to insert it in this place. Pub, Com m.] C. cinérea. Cinereous; elytra with abbreviated sob blackish lines. Inhabits Indiana. Body cinereous, covered with minute scales: head in- equal : thorax inequal, anterior angles not excurved : ely- tra with largely punctured strie, the interstitial lines convex, subequal, the alternate ones a little larger; numerous abbreviated fuscous or blackish lines, hardly to be traced into three or four very oblique bands Length seven twentieths to two fifths of an inch. A larger species than the capitdta, Fabr. and very distinct, though the inequalities of the head and thorax are somewhat similar. It is common about old frame houses. I have received a specimen from Mr. Bara- bino. Si iti: a A S. caudata. S. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. 1823. S. tuberculata, Germar, Sp. Nove. 1824, Ips, Fabr. i} Bees isa: ‘Black ; 3 elytra each with two nearly orbicular rafous spots. I. 4-notàta ? Melsh. Catal. Body oval, convex: antenne piceous: head and tho- Sons. North American Coleopterous Insects. 169. rax with small, regular, subequidistant punctures: elytra punctured, regularly rounded at tip, and rounded at the sutural angle ; slightly elevated transversely on the poste- rior margin; each elytron with two rufous, rounded spots, of which one is at the middle of the base, and the other beyond the middle of the elytron ; beneath piceous Laai from. three tenths to seven i of an inch. The largest species I hava seen ; the name 4-notàta is preoccupied. 2. I. 4-signata, Black; elytra each. with two- yel- ` lowish spots, of which the basal one is sublunate. I. 4-signata Melsh. Catal. Body oval, deep black: antenne piceous: head and thorax with small, regular, subequidistant punctures : e/y- tra punctured, very obtusely rounded at tip, almost trun- cate; each elytron with two yellowish spots, slightly tinged with rufous; the basal one arcuated so as to enclose the humerus; posterior one behind the middle trans- versly oval, not sinuated ; terminal lateral margin ob- scurely piceous : beneath piceous-blackish. Length slightly more than one fifth of an inch. Very similar to the Nrrrpuna fasciàta Oliv. but it may be distinguished by its uniformly smaller spots. 'The Exais confluénta Nob. strictly belongs to this genus, as well as the NiTIDULA fasciata and sanguinolénta of Olivier. 3. L 4-maculàta, Black ; elytra with a basalandter- . minal ferruginous spot. L 4-mitculóta. Melsh. Catal. Body black, polished, oblong-oval, punctured : clypeus, at tip, tinged with piceous; antenne piceous; elytra 170 Say’s Descriptions of new with a large ferruginous spot at the middle of the base, and another somewhat longer one at the tip of each: feet and tip of the venter rufous. i = Length more than one tenth of an inch. 4. I. vittàta. Blackish-brown ; elytra with whitish, abbreviated vittæ. : Inhabits Arkansaw. Body dark-brownish : elytra with a whitish vitta ab- breviated beyond the middle and abruptly curved at base towards the scutel ; another much abbreviated, somewhat oblique one, hardly reaching the middle of the hume- rus, and an intermediate one hardly more than one fourth of the length of the elytra ; tip obliquely truncated. Length less than three twentieths of an inch. This species was presented to me by Mr. Nuttall, who _ obtained it during his expedition to Arkansaw. : HyDroPHILUS, Fabr. H. cástus. Oblong-oval, black; palpi rufous ; thorax with an oblique line each side before. Inhabits Louisiana. i x Body black, polished : head with a dilated, hardly im- , pressed oblique line each side before, in which are scát- tered punctures with short hairs, another narrower im- pressed line nearer the eye: antenna, first joint of the club with an acute ciliated process ; second joint triangu- lar, small, the interior angle prominent, acute; terminal joint subovate, rounded at tip: palpi rufous, last joint hardly as long as the preceding one: labrum slightly and very widely emarginate, the anterior edge piceous, and about two small punctures on the middle : zhoraz with a rather slender arcuated line each side before, and laterally - North American Coleopterous Insects. 171 slightly impressed punctures: scutel tra with four stria of impressed punctures and an Spproxiniaté marginal one: feet, excepting the base of the thighs, piceous. — - Length nearly three fifths of an inch. A specimen was sent to me by Mr. J. Barabino. The whole surface is covered with very minute crowded punc- tures, not at all visible without a pretty good lens. HypnorniLvs, Fabr. l. H. mérgus. Black, highly polished; sternum not reaching the middle of the venter. ' Inhabits Mexico. Body highly polished, black, oblong-oval: head with an abbreviated line of. impressed, confluent punctures on the inner orbit ; a much arcuated line of punctures from the anterior canthus terminates between the eyes: thorax with a much abbreviated, oblique line of punctures each side : elytra with three series of, distant, obsolete punc- tures; exterior series remote from the others: sternum not canaliculate, not extending to the middle of the ven- ter: feet more or less piceous. Length nearly seven twentieths of an inch. In comparison with H. natàtor, Nob. which it closely resembles, the surface is more highly polished, the sternum much shorter and without any appearance of a groove between the anterior pairs of feet. 2. H. exstridtus. Subsutural stria none, black ; thoracic edge and beneath piceous. Inhabits Louisiana. Body short-oval or rounded, convex, glabrous, black; *» A 172 Says Descriptions of new with small, equal, equidistant, numerous punctures ; polish- , ed: palpi and base of the antenne pale yellow ; three last joints of the latter fuscous : thorax piceous on the lateral and posterior margins: scutel small, with but few punc- tures: elytra destitute of striæ and without any appear- ance of one on the sutural margin ; punctures on the ba- sal margin obsolete: beneath piceous: tarsi yellow, — brighter beneath. Length less than three twentieths of an inch. This species was sent to me by Mr. Barabino. It is smaller than the orbiculàris, F., which it resembles much in the puncturing and form ; but that species has the sub- sutural striæ extending from before the middle to the tip of the elytra. Zoe ; 3. H. fuscus, Nob. Corresponding, almost unvariedly, with specimens found in Pennsylvania. 1 obtained it in company with Hyprocanruus atripénnis, Nob. SPHEXRIDIUM, Fab. S. méllipes. ` Black ; beneath honey-yellow. Inhabits Mexico. Body very minutely, and densely punctured, black’: antenne and palpi honey-yellow: thorax with the ante- rior and lateral margin obsoletely piceous ; an impressed puncture on the lateral margin before the posterior angle : elytra with punctured striæ, and minute, dense punctures on the flat interstitial spaces ; immaculate : beneath honey- yellow. + Length less than one fifth of an inch. The largest North American species which I have seen ; rather larger than. S. bi-pustulàtum, Fabr. but somewhat less robust. ` | North American Coleopterous Insects. 173 , Ontuopuacus, Latr. 1. O. incénsus. Clypeus with two elevated, transverse lines ; thorax with an anterior double prominence. Inhabits Mexico. Body black, polished, punctured : head with two trans- verse, elevated lines; posterior line between the eyes, ` and slightly emarginate in its middle; anterior line a lit- tle more elevated in the middle, equidistant from the tip of the clypeus and posterior line ; tip slightly contracted: antenne ferruginous : thorav on the middle of the ante- rior submargin with a transverse, sub-bilobate, or slightly and widely emarginate elevation; an indented dot each side : elytra with punctured striz ; interstitial spaces plane, minutely punctured: head and thorax with a hardly per- ceptible tinge of green. Length over three tenths of an inch. The specimen is probably a female. It is smaller than the O. taurus, Linn., the female of which it resembles in the form and disposition of the lines of the clypeus. It is much larger than O. /atebrósus, Fabr., from the female of which it differs considerably in the form of the elevated lines of the head, but agrees in having a thoracic promi- nence: this prominence, however, is more obvious, and widely emarginate. | . viridicatus. Green; clypeus bidentate; elytra smooth. Inhabits United States. : Scarabeus smaragdulus, Fab. Melsh. Catal. Body robust, green: head bidentate at tip: antenne blackish: tAerar on the lateral edge a little angulated before the middle: elytra smooth, impunctured, or with VOL. I.—PART II. : D E ters ted BU ie a M e MB UL * 5 oe. g EC SHE EN CR hA thre ` 174 Say s Descriptions of new à 1 hardly perceptible pope lines: beneath dak ens early one fifth of an inch. Certainly not smaragdulus of Fab. but it is related, in point of size and form to Copnis subeneus, Pal. de Beauv., of which, however, he remarks “ Clypeo integro, trans- : versé bicarinato," and * ses élytres sont d'un noir terne, les stries peu PARSE et une rangée de points élevés entre chacune,” which prove it.to be very different from our species. »* _ 8. O. ovatus, Fabr. i _ Our specimens are subject, like the European, to vary, considerably in magnitude: and some other characters ; but I have not. observed any trait which can justify the ` separation of it from the Fabrician type. ar. a. Elevated lines of - clypeus obsolete or en-. tirely wanting. Var.¢. Anterior elevated line of the head Seale. Var. y. Head bidentate before. Var. ò. Posterior elevated line of the head interrupt- ed in the middle. Var. e. Elytra with dull Prism spots. Arkan- saw. It appears to es an inhabitant of vey all parts of E Union. Corris, Fabr. 1. C. colónica. Thorax somewhat retuse ; hand with a short elevation between the eyes. Inhabits Mexico. Body black: head a little rugose, with a slightly eln vated, compressed, rounded horn, broader than high, sit- | uated between the eyes and not surpassing the line of North American Coleopterous Insects. 175 their anterior canthi; tip of the clypeus rather acutely rounded: thorax somewhat abruptly .declini Beie, _ with an obsolete, abbreviated dorsal line behind the mid- ` dle, and a deeply indented, oval impression on the middle of the lateral margin ; punctures small, very numerous ; elytra with indented, punctured striæ ; interstitial spaces - convex. ! _ Length nine tenths of an inch. , Resembles C. Carolinus; Fab., but is not so robust, and the thorax is much less elevated behind. ‘The horn of the head, also, in Carolinus is equidistant between the . eyes and the tip of the clypeus. ` Itis also like Nicanor ? as figured by Drury I. pl. 35, fig. 1. ; i 2. C. incérta. Thorax simple, with an impressed line ; head horned ; elytra striate. Inhabits Mexico. ; Body black, somewhat polished : head with dense, shallow punctures ; a short, conic, vertical horn on the middle; tip of the clypeus acutely and rather deeply narginate : thorax punctured excepting on the posterior disk ; a deeply impressed line froma little before the mid- ' dleto the base, and an impressed oval spot each side ; anterior margin rather abrupt: elytra with deeply im- pressed, crenate strie ; interstitial spaces convex, impunc- . tured. Length nearly seven tenths of an inch. „T should be inclined to consider this as the female of the procidua, Nob. but in that species the larger horn is very near the anterior termination of the head, and the posterior horn is much shorter and remarkably inclined; _ ` whilst in the present insect no tubercle exists to mark the - ` locality of the larger horn, and the horn that it possesses is larger than the posterior horn of that insect, with which it corresponds in locality but not in direction. : - . Yi6 Say's Descriptions of new A e : : X - M 3. C. quádridens. Thorax angulated, four toothed ; * _ head horned. Inhabits Mexico. Body blackish-violaceous : head densely punctured, and with an elongated, recurved, trigonate horn, which is as ` long as the thorax, punctured and acute : thorax rugose, angulated ; posterior angles compressed, elevated, suba- cute; on a line between them are two remote, short, ver- tical, conic denticulations ; anterior margin near the mid- dle with two short, vertical, conic denticulations separated by a raised line: elytra with obsolete striæ. Length seven tenths of an inch. A fine spe ies, not so brilliantly colored as the cárni- fex, Fabr. o n as the trianguldris, Nob., from both of which it is eminently — by the thoracic den- ticulations. 4. C. procidua. ‘Thorax three-horned ; head two- horned. Inhabits Mexico. Body black: head punctured, twochdmed ; anterior horn vertical or hardly recurved, not as long as the head ; posterior horn very short, inclined: thorax punctured, with three horns, the middle one very obtuse and emarginate, lateral ones acute, in a transverse line on the anterior sub- margin; anterior margin declivous ; anterior angles round- - ed ; an impressed, abbreviated dorsal line and a lateral in- — spot; posterior disk impunetured: elytra with im- pressed, m strie ; interstitial spaces convex, im- Yw. œ. Highly polished. gth more than three fifths of an iek The armature of the thorax is very similar to that of C, lunaris, Linn., but it is less robust, and is widely dis- North American Coleopterous Insects. Hn. tinguished from that species, by having two horns on the, wi rH head. The variety resembles C. ammon, Fabr., ana- . 1 glypticus, Nob., in the thoracic sculpture. Arnopius, Illig. l. A. innézus. Black; elytra witha dult yellowish margin. ` —— Inhabits Mexico. Head widely emarginate before, punctured ; disk con- ` vex impunctured : antenne cinereous at tip: palpi honey-yellow : thorax punctured, excepting on the disk, anterior margin and middle of the lateral- margin ; mar- gin, at the anterior angles, obsoletely _ : scutel impunctured: elytra with impressed, very regularly crenate striz, exterior and terminal margins rather pale ` honey-yellow ; this color dilates towards the tip, and is deeply undulated on the inner edge: feet honey-yellow. Length less than one fourth of an inch... : About the size of A. àter, Fabr. 2. A. serval. ` Black; elytra dull whitish, with black Sam ^ spot Inbabits Indiana. Body piceous black, punctured: head widely emargin- ated before, and with a dull rufous margin: £horaz with a dull rufous lateral margin : elytra yellowish white, with seven or eight subquadrate black spots, and a lateral, ab- = breviated, black, double, confluent vitta: with slender punctured strie ; interstitial lines flat, impunctured. Length over three twentieths of an inc Very closely allied to the. inquinátus, iu and re- sembles also. A. contaminátus, Fabr., but the clypeus is much more deeply emarginated, and is acutely angulated WME oe hand), NS. ay SEEN ay Sx ROI ue 178. Say's Descriptions of new . at each end of the emargination. The latter species is hairy. ong is. Psammontvs, Gyll. P. interriptus. Thorax with three lateral, transverse undulations. à Inhabits Indiana. ` Body dark : chestnut, punctured : head n ul» some- what acutely emarginated ; with very numerous raised points: thorax with about three, lateral, transverse, but little impressed grooves, obsolete above; with a dorsal, longitudinal, impressed line, obsolete before ; edge cili- ated ; surface somewhat rough: elytra grooved, and some- what punctu Length three Mid of an inch; ` In the sulcicóllis, Ill., the thoracic grooves are not in- terrupted on the back ; it is also smaller than the present 'species. OponTzvs, Meg. O. misculus. Small, brown, with short hairs ; elgtra : with punctured striæ. Inhabits Indiana. Body small, light chestnut brown, darker before, with very numerous short hairs, punctured : head, betiteén the eyes, with a hardly elevated, arcuated line, above which is a transverse indentation, then a hardly perceptible rais- èd line: labrum emarginate ; mandibles concave above, convex beneath, regularly arcuated, exterior edge entire; clypeus not trilobate at tip, entire: antenne yellowish at tip: thorax convex, laterally a little dilated towards the base ; an indentation on the middle of the lateral sub- ‘margin: elytra with somewhat impressed and punctured E ETE MLA R T TRU LSU alim T E A v t ; North p Coleopterous. Insects. 179 strie, which are obsolete on the humerus ; interstitial lines depressed, with minute punctures furnishing hairs. Length over one fifth of an inch. - A rare insect; I have found but one specimen, which is probably a female. It is even smaller than the O. fili- córnis, Nob., and in form more like the lázarus, Oliv. - than ihe cephus, Oliv. dk a 2 vr, f ; es fk. ; F Trox, Fabr. apa. $; T. alternàtus. Elytra with. cinereous, ‘elevated lines interrupted by black spots. ‘ Inhabits United States. Body black, or black slightly tin with brown: head bituberculate : thorar with obtuse, elevated, inter- _ rupted lines, irregularly punctured ; posterior angles ob- tusely dentate : scutel, posterior margin cinereous : elytra striate with dilated punctures ; alternate interstitial lines more elevated, cinereous, interrupted by black spots. i Length. over half an inch. = This. species is readily known by the cinereous and black alternation of the more elevated interstitial spaces. A variety occurs of which the elytral punctures are much less. dilated, and the thorax is less deeply sculp- tured. I have found the species in Pennsylvania ; Nuttall obtained it in Arkansaw, and Mr. Barabino sent me an individual taken near New Orleans. A label attached to a specimen in my cabinet states that it cannot > the crendtus, Oliv., with which I am now unacquainte 2. T. E io: Blackish-bronze ; eta denticulated ` on the lateral edge. Inhabits Ene : À : at UN 180 -— Say's Descriptions of new 'T. globósus, Melsh. Catal. Body blackish-bronze, punctured : ar entite, un- armed : thorax with an impressed line on the anterior lateral submargin: elytra with oblong , deeply impressed, rather distant punctures ; posterior iik with four or five elevated, converging lines, the two exterior ones continued towards the humerus ; exterior” edge with numerous, approximate teeth : poster tibie much dilated and compressed. Length about one fifth of an incha £ 3. T. spléndidus. Dark brassy ; elytra with series of punctures, and on. the posterior declivity with elevated ` hnes. - Inhabits United States. 'T. spléndidus, Melsh. Catal. > Body rather.short, oval, polished, dark bronze ; punc- tured : head unarmed, entire: thorax with an impressed line on the anterior lateral submargin : elytra with regu- lar series of rather long, deeply impressed, approximate punctures ; on the posterior declivity four or five elevat-- ed, converging lines, the exterior one extending towards. 5, the humerus : -posterior tibie much aed and com- pressed. Length nearly one fifth of an icb É Readily distinguishable from the preceding bp the more approximate punctures of the elytra, and the sim- plicity of the lateral edge. They both exhibit a remark- able difference, in their smooth surface, from the greater number of the species of this genus. | MzroroxrHa, Fabr. M. integra. 8 e hig hairy ; clypeus entire. Inhabits Mexico : = i E North American Coleopterous Insects. 181 » Body reddish-brown, hairy on every part: head with rather large dense punctures; tip of the clypeus obtuse- ly rounded : thorax with the hair equal, reflected: scutel with rather short hair: elytra destitute of elevated lines ; hair longer near the base: postpectus with long hair: Jeet with, : Spat hair. / s than three fourths of an inch. Disingiishabe from all the other known North American species by its rounded clypeus combined with its universal hairy vesture and magnitude. Anomata, Meg. 1. A. gemélla. Yellowish-white, valli ih black- ish, elytra with geminate striæ. Inhab. Mexico. Body pale, varied with blackish : head punctured, cupreous: thorax with minute, distant punctures; edge _ blackish-cupreous ; disk blackish ; this color reaches the | l ; of the anterior margin, is sinuate on the sides and ` profon the lateral submargin: scutel piceous: elytra with rather distant, large and blackish punctures ; three double series of impressed punctures similar to the others, but approxi- mate, and a single subsutural series; edge all around blackish, a humeral spot middle of the exterior mar- gin blackish. Length half an inch. In some respects resembles A. esi Nob. but - itis larger, with a shorter head, and is very different by other characters. A. cincta. ESNETER elytra "s brownish. Inhabits Mexico. VOL. I.—PART H. 24 y so behind ; a blackish dot on the middle of lo Nor x 182 Say’s Descriptions of new - Head cupreous, punctured: thorax slightly pune- tured, bluish-green : scutel bluish-green, punctured : elytra pale brownish, or a little testaceous, with punc- tured strie and a broad line of irregular punctures near the suture: suture and edge all around and spot on the humerus blackish-green : antenne and palpi ferruginous. Length over half an inch. This insect and the preceding may. be only varieties ; nevertheless, having three specimens th similar to each other, I may state that it differs fr A. gemélla, Nob. in the more obviously punctured thorax, in not having the strie of the elytra so obviously in pairs, and , $ in the color. _ # HrcrTen, Latr. ot punctatus. Thorax transverse ; elytia punetured, and with obsolete series of punctures. Inhabits Mexico. Body black, densely punctured : n= Piceous ; terminal joint of the maxillary palpi large: thorax transverse, convex: elytra irregularly punctured, and with regular series of “punctures: feet piceous. Length less doa one fourth of an inch. n Thunb. k i ‘inequalis. Body inequal, with savant points and lines, and andi and punctures. Inhabits Mexico. rm Body black, obl. ong-oval ; head iat rugose, with an obtuse indentation each side: thorax inequal, with as s R: < OT SO NEUE E EET e i TE Y i ae -+ : North American Coleopterous Insects. 183 ciii da lines and indentations, and numerous small, elevated dots ; posterior angles acute: elytra with many small elevated dots, and deeply impressed, distant punctures ; several elevated, obtuse, abbreviated lines, of which the largest one is near the middle and extends to the posterior declivity ; on this declivity are three large, elevated tubercles ; ; an abbreviated line extends from the humerus, and avery short basal one is nearest the stats: beneath, ith at 1erous, small, elevated dots. This anii in abundance in an elevated godo, rd . under old logs. 2 Brars , Fabr. 1. B. ruida. Elongated; elytra rugose. - Inhabits Mexico. Body black, punctured: thorax somewhat longer than ares confluent each side and behind ; a trans- 1, indented band, obsolete i in the middle ; 3 Minis convex; covered in every part with meatier rugosities. Length less than one inch. 2. B. impolita. Opaque ; thoracic basal ja slightly excurved ; elytra simple. -Inhabits Mexico. * Body black, nearly opaque, very minutely punctured = : head, transverse line between the antenne obsolete : thorax rather wider than long, Greatest width a little be- we ^ * angle: elytra somewhat depressed, obtusely 184 Say’s Descriptions of new ing in that part a very small, acute, lateral. projection : elytra smooth to the eye, but on close inspection minute- ly and irregularly rugose and "— lateral margin rounded. Length over three fifths of an inch. Much like B. equális, but distinguishable by its o" most total want of polish, the minute prominence of its posterior angle, and the — roughness of its elytra. 3. B. máura. Elytra with imponctared, obtuse stris. Inhabits Mexico. Body black: head punctured, an impressed line be- ` tween the antenne: thorax with hardly discernible "bs , punctures; wider than long; posterior angles not round- t ed ; lateral edge a vertically elevated line, not in : G slightest degree -curved outwards near the oa or fos: grooved, the grooves impunctured, but viewed in a a DE à; ticular direction they appear obsoletely rugose ; intersti- tial lines convex ; lateral margin rounded and evident-- ly irregularly Oey eptpleura impunctured : feet punctured. Length more than three fifths of an inch; 4. B. obliterdta. . Elytra with obsolete grooves ; lateral margin rounded. ` : Inhabits Mexico. ` `> > < | Body black, immaculate : head slightly punctured ; an i line between the antenne : thorax wider than lateral edge a slightly elevated: line, a little ex- ` curved at the posterior angle, which is consequently somewhat acute : elytra with obsolete grooves, minutely punctured ; lateral margin rounded and smooth : thighs not duis punctured. * North American Coleopterous Insects. 185 Length less than three fifths of an inch. Resembles the preceding, but differs in the excurva- ture of the lateral thoracic edge near the posterior angle, and in the grooves of the elytra being obsolete. ` 5. B. célsa. Body somewhat elongated ; elytra with traces of grooves and punctures. _Inhabits Mexico. zb Body brownish-black, minutely punctured, somewhat » elongated: head with the impressed line between the antenne obsolete: antenne at tip, and palpi piceous: thorax rather wider than long; lateral edge a slightly elevated line, not excurved at the posterior angles; an obsolete, abbreviated, oblique, impressed line near the posterior angles: elytra with a slight appearance of grooves ; somewhat attenuated behind; lateral margin Length more than three fifths of an inch. More slender than the maura and obliterata, which have no appearance of an indentation near the posterior x E: Ahazi cosy à -6. B. equális. Elytra smooth, simple ; thoracic basal angles not excurved. — ` >` 4 MI sip Zior Inhabits Mexico. oe Body black, minutely punctured: head with the im- pressed line between. the antenne, obsolete: thorax broader than long, broadest in the middle; lateral edge a slightly elevated line, not at all excurved near the pos- terior angle: elytra destitute of, any appearance of the rudiment of a groove or of strie ; rounded on the | margin.. Length over three fifths of an inch. Shorter and more robust than B. célsa, Nob. ; allied t >. — s UNE x bo f = <% ; * i E 186 » Say’s Descriptions of new ‘more closely to B. obliterata, Nob. ; but the elytra of that species are much more rough, wey its rena thoracic ser are slightly excurved.. 1. B. párva. Lateral thoracic Aie - ines elytra with punctured striæ. Inhabits Mexico: Body black, punctured: head with two obsolete. in- dentations between the antenne: tAorax emarginate be- fore for the reception of the head ; anterior ade acute ; . lateral edge with a hardly prominent line, curved convexly before and concavely behind, forming an acute posterior angle; greatest breadth rather before the middle: elytra with large punctures in regular rn interstitial lines irregularly punctured. Length nearly three tenths of an m ` The smallest species Ï have yet met with in North ` America. Of this genus 1 have described sixteen North Ameriean species, each of which has only the three ultimate joints of the antenne moniliform ; whereas in all the exotic spe- cies of my collection, nine in number, the four ultimate joints are moniliform. e 6774204 Fabr. ` 1. O. striàtum. Clypeus obuscl emarginate ; ayoa with punctured striæ. . - Ivhabits Mexico. ` . f Body punctured, black, with a slight b tinge : head ensely punctured ; emargination of the tip much dilated ; thorax densely punctured, posterior edge not deeply sinu- ated: elytra with impressed, punctured strie : tarsi pice- ous. $ : : North American Coleopterous Insects. Y Length three tenths of an inch. Résembles O. púllum, Nob., but is smaller, and the base of the thorax is M rectilinear. . notum Nob. Specimens found near New Or- leans vary from those of more northern regions, in being a little polished, and in having the elytral punctures larger. du, TENEBRIO, Lin. ! ET suppréssus. Thorax large ; clypeus entire; ely- tra with punctured striæ. Inhabits Mexico. Body black: head densely but minutely punctured ; ` = clypeus a little reflected and entire: labrum nearly con- cealed: thorar densely and minutely punctured ; rather large ; a large, slightly indented spot on the posterior sub- margin ; posterior angles acute ; posterior margin with an impressed line: scuiel triangular: elytra with impressed, punctured, and crenate striz ; insterstitial spaces convex, impunctured ; lateral v acute: anterior ` tibia =a a strong tooth. Length half an inch. In comparison with T. refléxus, “Nob. the tome, is larger, more arcuated on the lateral edge, and more nar- rowed behind; the anterior tip of the clypeus is not so prominently reflected, and the contraction towards the junction of the thorax and abdomen is more obtuse. 9. T. rufiüsu. Suboval, black; head before, an- tenne and feet ferruginous. : Inhabits Louisiana. Body oval, a little oblong $ densely punctured : head on the anterior part obscure rufous : antenne obscure, * > aes F ` Say s Descriptions of new ferruginous ; joints transverse, subtriangular or conic : palpi and mentum ferruginous: thoraw regularly punctüred; | basal edge undulated ; basal angles rectangular : scutel densely punctur ured? elytra with regular series of punc- tures ; ititerstitiall Abes slightly convex, particularly the lateral ones, and with three or four irregular series of small punctures: beneath ferruginous, punctured. Length over one fifth of an inch. T. L Sent to me by Mr. Barabino from New Orleans. at Uroxa, Meg. U. ferruginea, Fabr. Several specimens occurred at Vera Cruz, but I suspect it to be a naturalized foreigner, as it is with us. * e ` (EnEMEnA, Oliv. a. — Pale reddish-brown; elytra black ‘at tip and with four elevated lines. Inhabits United States. Body rufo-testaceous, densely punctured’: eyes obvi- ously emarginate : mandibles black at tip: thorax dilated each side before the middle, narrowed behind : elytra with four narrow, slightly elevated lines, on each side of which is a series of more obvious punctures ; third line obsolete before the middle ; tip black ; postpectus, abdo- men and feet black, a little sericeous : =e blackish. Length about half an inch. ` T have found it in Pennsylvania and other parts of the Union, and Mr. Barabino sent me an individual from Louisiana. ` ` a & 4 $4 ad as H * DU. . 4 ` P > f Lacnia, Fabr. 'To this genus, as it is at present constituted, it seems probable that the following species belong, rather than to Anruicus, under which I published au account of them, stating, at the same time, that they differ much from the other species of the genus that had fallen under my observation, viz. : d Lacria lugibris ; L. collaris; L. terminalis; L. la- biàta; and L. impréssa, Nob., but the orbicular tho- rax, the nails being armed with a tooth or abrupt angle - beneath, &c. seem to justify, if not the formation of a new genus, certainly a division of the present, under the name of CORPHYRA. RuripreHonus, Fabr. R. limbatus, Fabr. Sanguineous ; thoracic disc and margin of the elytra black. Inhabits United States. — Body rather slender, yellowish-sanguineous : antenne black, basal joint yellowish: mandibles black at tip: thorax deeply sinuated behind, and with a more or less dilated, black spot on the middle: elytra with a whitish disk, more or less broadly margined with black: thighs at tip, tibie, except at base, and tarsi, except the base of the first joint, black. Length to tip of elytra, a quarter of an inch. Var. o. Vertex black. Var. 8. Elytra black, immaculate. Var. y. Beneath, varied with black. _ Fabricius was unacquainted with the native country of his limbatus, but as his description agrees very well with VOL. I.—PART Il. 25 North American Coleopterous Insects. 189 | è 5 = ` 190 Say s Descriptions of new our insect, and was made out from a specimen belonging to the same collection in which he described his dimidià- tus, I have no doubt that it was intended to indicate this species. ` Dr. Melsheimer was of the same opinion, and has n ded the name in his catalogue. I introduce the desc ipt tion, for the purpose of preserving the Fabrician name for a species, not commonly known. E MorbELLa, Latr. |. M. Ailaris. Blackish, silvery-sericeous ; olytm with a dilated, irregular, dull selon band margined with whitish. Inhabits indiana: Body black, somewhat purplish-iridescent, s sericeous : head dull yellowish-sericeous: thorax varied with gray hairs: scudel silvery: elytra with a much dilated, dull golden, sericeous, oblique band, occupying about one third, spread widely towards the scutel, and margined before and behind with a whitish line, the anterior line much angulated and the posterior one reclivate ; tip < = rounded: beneath with purple and green reflections, and : silvery-sericeous. $ - Length about two fifths of an inch. 'This has some resemblance to M. bidentáta, Nob., but it is widely distinct by the elytral band and the much more dilated terminal joint of the maxillary palpi. ` It is common about the flowers of the Hydrangia cordata, Ph. Its movements are rapid. 2. M. oculdta.. Black ; elytra bifasciate, anterior band with two dots. Inhabits Pennsylvania and Indiana. M. fasciata, Melsh. Catal. y ` Ë North American Coleopterous Insects. amo Body black, whitish-sericeous : antenne dull rufous, dusky towards the tip: thorax with two slightly in- dented dots a little behind the middle: elytra with a yellow-cinereous band a little behind the middle, inter- rupted at the suture and contracted on each side, a id much larger basal band extending posteriorly on each elytron in a point, nearly to the middle, and having a sub-basal obvious, definite, black dot each side of the suture : Zibie and tarsi dull rufous. Length over three tenths of an inch. The two black dots in the basal band of the elytra are very obvious, and serve to distinguish it from M. fasciáta, Fabr., which it certainly resembles, and to which it has been seferrod: 3. M. serval. Blackish, spotted with yellowish. Inhabits Indiana. Body brownish-black : antenne and palpi pale, dull rufous :: thorar with numerous: spots of short, yellowish hairs : elytra with numerous. subequal spots of short, yellowish hairs, a dentated be ban ind the middle, and narrow terminal margin : be: seric eous: venter each side with obsolete oblique, brown lines : tarsi,. m. | the antennz. Length three twentieths of an inch. o a A very pretty species. ` * Ararte, Fabr. A. bicaudätá, Nob. A variety of this species occurred in Mexico. It is large, the feet are nearly black, and the punctures of the elytra are somewhat lagger than in those of this country. # X E Pidria; Latr. P. polita. Peipot head and thorax dusky, im- punctured. Tnhabits Indiana. Body ferruginous, polished : head blackish-ferruginous, almost impunctured, excepting behind the eyes, where the punctures are numerous ; a longitudinal, slightly indented » line before: antenne figil at tip: mandibles with ; a profound, rounded sinus, then a subterminal tooth: palpt ferruginous : thorax blackish-ferruginous, impunctured, gradually a little narrowed behind ; an obsolete indenta- tion in the middle of the lateral margin; lateral margin decurved, the edging line: hardly prominent, so that, when viewed from ` above, it is not visible ; posterior angles almost cd posterior edging liit hardly visible : asl all ; elytra minutely punctured : pectus OS ^d ] dark fe "Length abt ven | nths of an inch. This species, by its. ‘size and color, may be readily v ï n for the P. brünneus, of authors, but it differs in. : _ many characters. It has a more slender thorax, which - is not wider than the head. The teeth of the mandibles . are but two, the basal one being very large and remote from the other, so that, when the mandibles are closed, an oval interval appears, as in the ferruginea, Sturm, whish species, however, has the posterior angles of the _ thorax very obtusely rounded. The P. briannea has E subequal, subequidistant teeth in the ‘mandibles ; the head and thorax obviously — the latter broader than the head, &c. The species is rare, a large, prominent, rounded tooth near the base; then . 6 " = ANT S e Qr m — Bose. T i Prionus. 3 We | t à $ TT. doni, Nob. Occurred near Natchez, on té Mississippi. «P MONEILEMA, Say. M. inequalis. ARRE ; rough with eleva points n and tubercles. ` i Inhabits Mexico. m Body pale, brownish-cinereous : eges ; small, distant from the antenne : antenne nearer to each other than to the eyes; first joint robust, longer than the second and third - together; half the length of the body: thorax cylindric- | oval, covered with small, unequal, irregular elevations : elytra with many elevated ue "m which some form of habit, I place it in ‘the present g is, alth proximation of the — is an obvious. Crxrus, Fabr. 1. C. charus... "Thorax yellow, with three black lines ; dtes black ; base, band behind the middle, and " yes Inhabits Indiana. # Body covered with short, dense, prostrate hair : oie black ; a band on the vertex curving under the head, an abbreviated line above the antenne, and front yellow : thorax yellow, with three dorsal, transverse, abbreviated, Bv a E d : ia = : ong à | a v4 Ao. v ; P. E st is x x * 5. É : c ES n hus v E a a id PO ee of new. B * a "EL Y VT "S Descriptions " : lytra black ; m ddle, and tip in wh 4 s low; a black dot on the hume th yellow, sutures and feet black. th niné tenths of an inch. | Somewhat Jike C. decorus, Oliv., and speciósus, Nob., but the bands of the ely other characters are essen- tially different. I first obser - it near the end of August. It isa pemarkably fine insect. 2C. nd Npb. ` Occurred at New (ricas. ody black sean between the antenn® : antenne about as long as the body, basal joint rufous : thorax subcylindric, contracted before the middle, and with an indented longitudinal line: elytra with a dull .. honey-yellow vitta, xternal edge, »" a "S ii banal middle : postpectus | — low; tip of the posterior thighs, bu tibie and tarsi disk : abdomen honey-yellow : Length ¢ nearly three fifths of an inch ; 9 ofülfbur fifths. In the form of the thorax it is more like M. bimaculdtus, : z Nob., than marginális, but it is greatly superior in mag- p nitude to either, and very distinet as a species. T = ý aun idi uadrigib Antenne ann 3 four t Seaton defin with a cinereous. spot on ji PET Inhabits Louisiana. ` h ee oe Body dark brownish, when closely did! Fvaried: j prostrate hair: an= s elining and terminating before the tip ; profound, punctures; a dilated, undulat before the middle ; a sutural series of stel ate, | small brown and cinereous "e. ney opposite emarginate: thighs clavate. = Length less than three fifths fan inch. =. For an opportunity to describe this species, I am in- ë debted to Mr. Joseph Barabino, who obtained it near New Orleans. E 'TernAoPES, Schenh. T. torndtor, Fabr. This species is subject to vary. I obtained an individual near the Rocky Mountains, so covered with short whitish hair as almost to conceal its 3 color ; it was destitute of the large black spot of the elytra. Two specimens occurred in Mexico, both of which were destitute of the same spot. It is the T. tetropthal- mus, Forster. OL genus are two. species; the tornator, F., and the canteridtor, Drapiez, both of North America. The . latter has received three or four other names from as uthors, but as they are unaccompanied tior the above adm of oe e pre- 1; antenne, thoracic i. ut dis of the oi ik. lar abits Mexico. Body above yellowish-fulvous : head impunctured : antenn black: thorax with rather large punctures ; 2 line: scutel black : elytra serrate, with dou- series of punctures, and interstitial, slender, elevated 3 tip black-brown, not more than one fifth of the hole surface of the elytra: pectus and postpectus with a lateral black vitta dilating behind: feet black: thighs fulvous at base: venter black, yellowish each side. Length more than one fifth of an inch. "This cannot be H. quadrata, Fabr., which has the elytra margined with purple. - V =. m í * ! >: silk Linn. f - -. C. unipunctáta, Nob., Journ. Acad. Nat. So. Vol. in. "i A variety of this species occurs in Mexico, of a smaller A size, with sometimes a black, arcuated, transverse line all behind the abbreviated thoracic line. The inferior sur- Pe face, in some specimens, is black, the feet varied with. eia whitish, and whitish triangular lateral spots on the inci- — — a ee sures of the venter; in others the inferior surface is pue : ^ x greenish-yellow, more or less varied with black spiracles b black. hti is an abundant pese : did UM Leach., rte C. dicts. Black, metallic ; head, thom andi a h with white hair. t. e Anhabits Mexico. a a fen ^ i Shen ET a _coppery tinge, ^ M shite’ hai ha : labrum honey- 4 with white prostrate hair: scut hair: elytra naked, with blue and c confluently punctured, lateral edge deeply Length over one fourth of an inch. a Much larger than C. dominicana, ER hairy above, and the lateral edge of the elytra more E maay mec CHRYSOMELA, Linn. ` ` - C. „bardas: el elytra with rounded. whitish iea Inhabits Mexico. | VOL. I.—PART Il. | 26 y 198 Say’s Descriptions of mew `. LL. Body dark green, somewhat metallic, punctured : head with an impressed angular line between the antenne: antenne honey-yellow, at tip fuscous: labrum and palpi honey-yellow : thorax irregularly, and in parts confluently, punctured, particularly on the sides ; on the disk the punc- tures are sparse: elytra with a cupreous tinge, and more or less arcuated and abbreviated series of punctures, in- cluding the whitish spots ; spots unequal, more or less rounded, between twenty and thirty in number, yellowish- white, the largest one on the humeral margin and bilobate, two germinate ones at base, none on the sutural margin : wings carneous: beneath tinged with cupreous on the venter: feet honey-yellow. - Length three tenths of an inch. A common peurs, — ee from others. $ . | Garervea, Fabr. DOR. 1. G. lé a.” Sanguineous elytra blackish, bifasciate. with white. - Inhabits Mexico. Head sanguineous : antenne white: thorax narrow, sanguineous, with a transverse, slightly indented line, ` impunctured : elytra blue-black, obsoletely and irregularly punctured ; a transverse, bilobate, abbreviated band be- fore the middle, and a transverse; oval spot near the tip, ree nte: feet yellowish-white. ngth less than one fourth of an inch. — Habit of G. 4-maculáta, Fabr., but not so much elon- gated. At first sight, without inspection of its — charaeters, i it might be mistaken fora Lema. . 2. G. cava. Head with one, ——Á impress. bag > North American Coleopterous Hirth. 199 inhabits "Mexico. Head punctured, sanguineous, beneath the antenne whitish : vertex with an impressed dot : antenne fuscous, or blackish, basal joints whitish beneath: thorar sanguin- eous, punctured, with two indented dots: elytra densely punctured, with a common suture and vitta blue, the latter originating on the humeral tubercle and abbre- viated before the tip: pectus ferruginous : postpectus ana venter black: feet white. Length one fifth of an inch. Distinguishable from other species by the indentations of the head and thorax, combined with the elytral vitte and irregular puncturing. "The G. vittüta, Fabr. is common in Mexico. Autica, Geoff. 1. A. mellicéllis. Head black ; des yellowish ; elytra blue. y Inhabits Doniini. Head eae dien iam punctures each | side, between the antennz convex, dark pi : antenne black-brown, three basal joints honey-yellow beneath : palpi black: thorax pale honey-yellow, punctures not obvious: scutel impunctured: elytra dark violaceous- = with numerous, small, distant, not profound punc- : pectus yellowish : postpectus blackish : venter blackish, last segment dull yellow : thighs honey-yellow : tibie black, yellowish at base : tarsi black. Length nearly one fifth of an inch. Related to collàris; Illig., and collàta, Fabr., particu- larly the latter, from which it may be distinguished- by ani bAinmacihate face. A t was x SOM A o. e | 4o E Aer ` Says Descriptions of a TA: bropicbllbes Yellowish ; thorax five-spotted ; ra with black vitte. 3 Inhabits Mexico. * Body pale yellowish: antenne disini ; three basal joints honey-yellow, with a black line above: verter with a black spot: thorax with two small dots, and an abbre- viated line, arranged triangularly, black, and a lateral, somewhat larger, oblique, oval, indented, black dot : scutel - black: elytra impunctured, destitute of strie ; a common sutural black vitta, another in the middle somewhat nar- rower than the intervening portion, and a submarginal one: pectus yellowish : postpectus and venter black, the latter with yellowish margins to the segments : feet honey- yellow ; tibie and anterior and. intermediate thighs with | a black line. "c bu Length one fifth of an inch. £ # Very closely allied to the A. alternata, Mlig., ‘the form and proportion of the elytral vitta being the same, but that species is somewhat larger, and is altogether destitute of the lateral thoracic impressed dots. 3. A. ceracóllis. White; head black, elytra violá- ceous. ainat Inhabits Mexico. 3 Au Body white, impunctured : head black, with an elevated line below the antenne : antenne black, second and tbird joints white, with a black line above: thorax immaculate: - elytra violaceous, burnished : tars and n the t black. ‘Length less than one fifth of an inch. _ y "t Resembles the A. collaris, Iig., (zanthomélas, Dal- man,) but is much more closely allied to Kalkis Fabr. ` It is somewhat doubtful if it be a distinet sp : I possess specimens of the latter from Penr a d^ souri and Florida, all "diii td green T white front, and other distinguishing traits, I have ventu y ed to assign it a distinct name. EroTïLUS, Fab. RS 4-punctatus. Testaceous, beneath black : thorax ` with four black dots; ; elytra trifasciate with black. nhabits Missouri. , Erótylus paii ? ? Oliv. Enc. Meth. Head black: thorax testaceous, with an arcuated series of four subequal black dots : scutel black : elytra testaceous, with regular series of ` impressed punctures, an interrupted band at base "composed of a large common spot, and a smaller lòngitudinally oblong one originating on the humerus, an irregular band on the middle, dilated on the suture, and a terminal, longitudinally oblong spot, black ; edge black : beneath black: pectus each side, and a series of five spots ‘on each Side of the; venter, testa- ceous. ` Length three tenths of ug .— 'This insect I believe to be the E. 4-punctáta, Oliv., and as it is but little known, I describe it more particu- larly to fix the species. Laneuria. k o É ^s ; valley's Descriptions, &c. ` very inst series of well impressed punctures: pectus and head beneath sanguineous. Length nearly two fifths of an inch. ae Much larger than L. mozárdi, Latr., and. with 2 pro- portionally shorter thorax, in these respects corresponding with L. puneticéllis, Nob., Woe quals ) in ma; t hasian immaculate thám , more profoundly punc- p stri, and black postpectus and venter. | m CoccisELLA, Linn. , Mu 1. C. munda. Elytra immaculate ; thorax black, with a white margin and spots. Inhabits North America. Body black: head with dilated, white, inner orbits : labrum honey-yellow : thorax with a white anterior and lateral margin, and a white abbreviated line proceeding from the middle of the anterior margin; a lateral white dot sometimes confluent with the anterior margin : eli ytra immaculate, yellowish : tibiæ and tarsi piceous. : Var. o. Tibie and tarsi black. Var. ê. Elytra sanguineous ; ‘hoad white ; anterior pairs of feet honey-yellow. b Length nearly one fifth of an ne I have specimens in my collection from remote parts of North America. Dr. Harris sent it to me from Mas- sachusetts, and Dr. Melsheimer from near Maryland. I have found it in the North West Territory, ova N Indiana, Missouri, Florida, and varie and ico. The name is takèn from Mels SC. E Fabr., is comm i | individual i =e Nobi, so common in this country, and the renipustuite E Mull. of Europe; but it is more than twice the size of either those insects, and may also be distinguished from the former, by the superior magnitude of the rufous "nd the form is transversely oval, whilst that - is od & 5 L3 ; (Cocctiirta;: F) ye i: e p indtus. Black ; ; elytra, at tip yellowish. td s Louisiana. ` Body black, polished, punctured : head honey-yellow : antenne, club not much dilated, with numerous short hairs: thorax with numerous short hairs; lateral margin honey-yellow: scutel acute behind: elytra at tip yellow- ish : bes veath piceous-black : pectus, s and venter be- - hind, y-yellow. Length about two twenty-fifths of an inch: . For this species Ï am indebted to Mr. Barabino. ART. XI metr OF A NEW ANIMAL BELONG- E ING TO THE ARACHNIDES OF LATREILLE; DISCOV- ERED IN THE SEA ALONG THE SHORES OF THE NEW SOUTH SHETLAND ISLANDS. By oss s 90 M. D. (Communicated September 17, 1834.) __ oss ARA CHNIDES.. n. DeborM ose ` E 3» anterior one produced into a head-like process, Con- tracted behind, and having on its superior surface a sub- conic tubercle with two eyes placed on each side ; seg- ments terminated at each wa: iy by a tubular joint, to which are attached ten perfect - Rostrum pager . than the thorax, tubular, clavate, arcuated downw with a triangular aperture at its apex ; inserted into the anterior portion of the head-like process below. e- licere rather longer than the rostrum, inserted on each side of its base, above, biarticulate, and terminated by a forceps composed of a finger and thumb, much curved, and meeting only a short distance along their tips, the superior finger, alone movable. Palpi setaceous, ten jointed, longer than the rostrum, inserted beneath the chelicere. Egg-bearing organs attached to a process at the base of the palpi, ten-jointed, with a: terminal in- curved nail. Legs cylindrical, composed of a three- jointed coxa, one-jointed femur, and a two-jointed tibia and tarsus, the latter terminated by a simple, slightly cur- ved claw. Abdomen? attached to the posterior segment of the thorax by a movable articulation, small, sub-cla- vate, and perforated at its extremi by an anal incision. D. AUSTRALIS. Entire animal of a =e. Liei disk of ie chori convex, beneath, slight 3 on the superior surface of the tubular j joints, near the margin, are situated about four Ae => E basal pea the sare belonging to the Arachnides. P the four terminal joints are prehensile, and have their in- ner margins dentated, the teeth arranged in about four longitudinal rows. Legs long and nearly equal, poste- rior pair rather smaller; joints of the coxe short an subequal. Thighs about twice the length of the coxe, The first joint of the tibia equal in length to the thigh, the other rather longer. - T'rsi as long as the thigh ; the last joint of the tibia, and those of the tarsi, each armed at their extremities beneath, with four rigid spines. Eyes very small. ` Teguments pergamineous. ` Habitat : sea in the vicinity of the New South-Shet- land Islands. Cabinet of James Eights. I have placed this interesting animal in the class ARACHNIDES, in consequence of its close approxi- mation to Latreille's second family Pycnogonoides,* of his order TRacneariz; it possesses all of the charac- = ters, besides which, it has a segment supporting two additional legs, making in all five perfect pairs; this latter circumstance would doubtless bring it in the pre- ceding clas CRUSTACEA, being a character which strikingly distinguishes the animals that compose it;-at all events, I think it will certainly form a connecting link in the great chain of the animal kingdom, between these two classes, passing from the CRUSTACEA into the ARACHNIDES by the genera Nrw- PHON PHOXICHILI, Pycnoconum, &c. Their. mode on. I souli not determine, as no appearance Xf. the. many s De ecimens. th as were furnished gh which they are supposed to Í — of * Sud are termed the egg-bearing | nta consequently, if those are the females that are thus distinguished, .they prove much more numerous > The tegument cov the appearance of segments and articule Á ~ faint, NN: that ed of the parts is ec They are to be found in considerable numbers in con- nexion with the fuci, thrown up by the waves along the shores of the islands, after being detached by the motion of the large masses of i ice, from the bottom of the sea. PLE VII. ` x $ T .. Fig. 1. Superior view of the E "1 size. v < 2. Inferior " We. E> ART. XIL—CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF | "e FROM THE HOLQUIN COPPER M ARA, CURA: By C. T. Jacxson, M. D. E P ee exhibits a see — fracture, knife, but scratches glass der is nearly white, havii E np tint of green. heres to the tongt jM ind. abso: sa good polish, which it preserves when the sabio ds : oiled. Vet Sp. Gr. = 2.16. When a fragment of the mineral is treated with carbonate of soda on charcoal before the blow-pipe, it melts with effervescence, and a globule of copper is obtained A portion of the mineral being powdered and treated with muriatic acid, no efferves- cence took place, but oxide of copper dissolved, — silica, insoluble, behind. x 4 / d _ ANALYSIS. d A. To ascertain the quantity of water contained in | E the mineral, 95 grains in powder were subjected. to A red ` Ed. heat S capsule. k lost 8.26. grains, Ç 33 p cent. of wate "any thing.' The solution was ien | water, and the whole thrown on a 2w + a 208 Jacksons Analysis of Chrysocolla. ^ in a platina crucible, aid weighed, amounted, to 9.95 : grains. The oxide of copper v was qu. in muriatic acid diluted with water, when 0.12 grains. of silica remained undissolved, which is ‘to be added to the silica obtained by process B. The solution was. now supersaturated with pure ammonia, when oxide of iron separated, which, collected, washed, dried and ignited, did not amount to i more than 0.05 grain per oxide of iron. EU à -* -= This ore consists, then, in 100 parts; of ; A | _ À. Water 33.00 Contains oxygen 29.20 : 4 | B. Silicic Acid 30.19 for 282405559 C. Deut Ox. Copper 36.83 « idolo Bl id t oe of Iron, a trace. | 100.00 v it will appear that this “ore is a bien ease of copper plus 4 atoms of water, xm iical formula will be og . Cu *+4 Aq. "Ti ne per-oxide of iron is Pod accidental, ed 4 4 - ` been derived from the gangue in- which the mineral ` : occurs. This ore is of great value, as its silica renders it & E _ Suitable to aid in the reduction of the ever pei d tie which occurs ne " and iron which - This green ore has lately been brought - p cargo, and it is also carried from. Cuba sa x E ; arcuated, acute; a prominent tooth on their middle: - x BOSTON JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY. Vor. I. = MAY 18380. No. 3. ART. XIII.--DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF NORTH AMERICAN HYMENOPTERA, AND OBSERVATIONS ON SOME ALREADY DESCRIBED. By Tuomas Say. Com- municated Feb. 1835 FAMILY TENTHREDINETE. pannus ACcORDULECERA, Say. ARTIFICIAL CHARACTER. Mn D Br iet > a A Antenne filiform, 6-jointed, short; radial cll * * #3 one ; cubital cellules three, the second smallest. NATURAL CHARACTER. a . Antennz six-jointed ; 1st and 2d joints eod the ` E es in diameter ; ning joints gradually shorter ; terminal joint not longer than the second : mandibles ae brum prominent and distinct: radial cellule e de: : cubital cellules three ; first porq as ec | VOL. I.—PART III. Log 28.» d larger ; third joi gest but equal to the follow- > m VM S 210 Say's Descriptions of _ again as the second : carpus large: tibie with one pair of spines at tip. OBSERVATIONS. The family of which this new genus is a member, was divided by Leach into 9 Stirpes, all of which have 9 or more joints in the antenne excepting the 1st, 9d, and 5th. Of these, two genera only, have 6-jointed antenne, viz. Zarea and Perea, Leach; but both have clavate an- tenne and in many respects are at variance with the characters of the present insect. In a later work, the ** Entomologische Monographieen,” by Dr. Klug, which that author has done me the favor to send me, are the _ two new genera Pacuyiosticta and Syzyconsa, both of which have clavate antenne, and therefore, like the preceding, cannot possibly include our insect. e SPECIES. A. dorsalis. Black ; hypostoma, a base of the tergum and feet whitish. Inhabits Indiana. d 9 Black, with minute whitish hairs: nasus, labrum and mouth white: mandibles rufous at tip: thorax with the anterior segment, curving to the base of the wing, white ; line of the insertion of the wings white: wings a ittle dusky ; nervures fuscous: tergum pale yellowish on the basal disk, blackish brown at tip: venter more or less yellowish-white, dusky or blackish at tip: feet and cox whitish-green. Var. æ. Feet and part of the costal rib green ; scutel and posterior portion of the stethidium whitish, x $ + US e North American Hymenoptera. 211 Var. 8. Thorax and abdomen entirely black. Length three twentieths of an inch. This insect is common. Hyrorona, Latr. 1. H. scutellàta. Fulvous; head and thorax, except- ing the humerus and scutel, blackish. Inhabits United States. 9 Body reddish-yellow : head blue-black: thorax blue-black ; each side before the wings, including the superior portion of the pleura, reddish-yellow: scutel elevated, bright reddish-yellow : metathorax with two oblique, oblong, white spots: «wings dusky violaceous: pectus, neck, incisure of the stethidium (and feet?) blue-black: anal segment at tip black. Length nine twentieths of an inch. I do not remember in what part of the Union I found this species. The feet in the specimen are mutilated. - 2. H. calcànea. Blackish; thorax yellow; tarsi. - whitish at base. Inhabits United States. Violaceous black: thorar, with the anterior superior portion of the pleura yellow; suture of the anterior seg- ment, or collar, blackish: wings dusky violaceous: tarsi at base white. . Length less than seven twentieths of an inch. — Y have also lost the particular locality of this species. They do not correspond with either of the species de- cribed by Dr. Leach. ie 212 Say’s Descriptions of _ Genus ATOMACERA, Say. GENERIC CHARACTER. Body rather short: antenne with but three obvious joints; in the male ciliated: cellules, one radial, unap- pendiculated ; three or four cubitals, the dividing nervure of the first and second being obsolete: tibia destitute of a spine in their middle. OBSERVATIONS, . The name of Cnxrrus, applied by'Jurine to one of his genera, had been previously appropriated by Fabri- cius to a genus of ICHNEUMONIDES, and is altogether synonymous with Hy.oroma of Latreille, which is the anterior designation. ` It includes species of at least three genera, all of whieh are distinguishd by tri-articulate antenna. It may be thus divided, with modified char- acters. Hxrorowa, Latr. Radial cellule appendiculated : four posterior tibie with a spine on their middle. . rose, F. ; ATowAcERA, Nob. Radial cellule simple; tibie destitute of a spine on their middle. . Crrprus, Jurine (by error). Antenne of the male biparted ; tibie destitute of a spine on their middle. C. furcáta, F. |. C. Klàgii, Leach, &c. l. A. débilis. Black ; tibie whitish. Inhabits Indiana. d Body black, polished: antenne, ciliz longer than the transverse diameter of the antenne: mouth dull ` piceous: wings fuliginous, a little paler at tip; first and North American Hymenoptera. 213 second cubital cellules confluent: bie, anterior pair dull pale yellowish. < Length three twentieths of an inch. 2. A. cellulàris. Black; abdomen rufous. Inhabits Indiana. | 9 Body black, polished: antenne distinctly and rather densely ciliated with hairs, which are a little shorter than the transverse diameter of the antenne: nasus, labrum and palpi whitish: wings dusky violaceous; cubital cellules three; the second very small, hardly one third. the length of the first, and but little wider at its tip than at its base : abdomen entirely yellowish-rufous : Jet, ra core, trochanters and small base of the tibia, whitish; anterior pair of tibie dull whitish. Length less than one fourth of an inch. Much smaller than. Hxroroxa abdominális, Leach, which it probably resembles. Genus THULEA, Say. * ARTIFICIAL CHARACTER. Antennz six-jointed ; last joint clavate. Radial cel- lule one. Cubital cellules three. NATURAL CHARACTER. The antennz are rather short, decidedly clavate ; first joint very short, not longer than broad ; second joint at least as long again as the first and somewhat more robust, cylindrical ; third rather longer than the Ist and Qd together, much more slender, cylindric, hairy ; fourth minute, shortest ; fifth about the length of the third, sub- - È 214 Say’s Descriptions of cylindric, naked ; sixth slightly longest, nearly equal to the 3d and 5th, a little dilated towards the tip; scutel large. OBSERVATIONS. a "This is distinguished from the genera into which Leach has divided Cimpex, Fabr. by the number and construction of the joints of the antenne, combined with . the wing cellules. It corresponds with CLAVELLARIA in its one-jointed club, but has one joint more in its antenne, and only one radial cellule. It agrees with Zarxa in the number of the joints of the antennz, but not in the number which constitute the club, nor in the number of radial cellules. With Perca it is related by the comparative magnitude of the scutel, and the number of joints of the antenne, but differs remarkably in the _ proportions of the latter; as well as in the number of cubital cellules. PacnvrosricTA of Klug has a one- jointed club, but one joint less than the present genus, and two radial cellules; and Syzyconta of the same author, with a one-jointed club, has appendiculated radial cellules. SPECIES. T. nigra. Body black: nasus and labrum green: spot before the wings, wing-scale and feet yellowish- green. ç č ‘Inhabits Mexico. ‘Length to the tip of the wings three twentieths of an inch. The smallest species I have seen of this family with clavate antenne. s North American Hymenoptera. 215 t ArLaNTUS, Panz. Leach. 1. A. epinétus. Black; tergum with a white band at base; feet varied with white. Inhabits Indiana. : Body black: mouth white: tongue piceous: thorax with the posterior edge of the collar, wing-scale, posterior edge of the scutel and two minute dots behind it, white : wings with brown nervures ; stigma somewhat inflated : tergum with the posterior margin of the first segment white: feet white: core with a dilated line before and behind: anterior and intermediate thighs and tibie with- a black’ line behind, tarsi dusky at tips of the joints: posterior thighs black in the middle: tibie at base and tip, black: tarsi, first joint black, remaining joints black, white at base. Length d three tenths, Q less than two fifths of an inch. i 2. A. goniphorus. Black; abdomen rufous ; scutel and thoracic triangle yellow. Inhabits Indiana. d 9 Body black: nasus emarginate, white: labrum orbicular, and with the other parts of the mouth white ; mandibles at tip piceous: antenna, basal joint white: thorax with a central triangle and posterior margin of the collar white: scutel white with a black band: wings hyaline ; costal nervure and carpal spot yellowish; nerv- ures fuscous: abdomen honey-yellow : pleura, with a ictibus! vitta and a line descending from the superior wing white : feet white ; anterior pairs with a black line behind the thigh and tibia; posterior pair honey-yellow, base of the thigh, spot on the middle of the tibia, tarsus, excepting the base of the first joint, and coxe, white, the latter with a black line. 216 Say’s Descriptions of Length three tenths of an inch. A female has the. basal joint of the antenne almost black. 3. A. apiciülis. Black; antenne at tip white; ab- domen honey-yellow. . Inhabits Indiana. ` Body black: antenne, four last joints white: nasus profoundly lunate, white: labrum obtusely angulated before, white: thorax, with the posterior margin of the collar and wing-scale, white : scutel white:: wings hya- line; nervures black; carpus white on the basal half: abdomen honey-yellow : feet honey-yellow : cove white. Length seven twentieths of an inch, 'The white terminal joints of the antennz strongly con- trast with the remaining joints 4. A. epicera. Black; abdomen, base of the antenne and feet honey-yellow. Inhabits Indiana. d Body somewhat slender, black : antenne, Ist and 9d joints yellow, the latter two thirds the length of the first; 3d and 4th joints yellow on the upper side: nasus deeply emarzinate, yellow-white: Zabrum suborbicular and with the mouth whitish: mandibles piceous at tip: thorax, collar and wing-scale yellow: wings hyaline; nervures black; carpal spot white on the basal half: abdomen honey-yellow, basal segment black: feet honey- yellow: coxe white. Length less than three tenths of an inch. ` Var. œ Scutel dull yellowish. 5. A. cestus. Black; a white band at base of the tergum; pleura with a white spot. Inhabits United States. d Body black, with large crowded punctures: an- i P x V r an Je oe aera ah North American Hymenoptera. |. 919 tenne, 1st and 2d joints yellow :. nasus hardly emargin- ate, with a lateral whitish spot: thorax with the posterior margin of the collar white: pleura with a white spot on the anterior upper part: wings tinted with fuliginous ; nervures black ; carpal spot wax-yellow: tergum with a dilated band extending to the lateral sutures, white: feet white, a little varied with yellowish at tips of the joints: ` thighs black at base beneath. : T 9 Anal segment white: posterior cox: at base black: posterior thighs in the middle and their tibie at tip black. Length seven twentieths of an inch. Resembles the epinótus, but may be at once distin- . guished by the white spot of the pleura. 6. A. pannósus. Black; mouth white; feet varied with white. Ê Inhabits Indiana. 8 Body black : nasus very deeply emarginate, white : labrum suborbicular, truncate-subemarginate before, black- ish on the disk, or within the emargination of the nasus : mandibles black at tip: mavillary palpi dusky in the middle of the basal joint: thorax, posterior edge of the collar white; wing-scale blackish: wings hyaline ; nervures black ; carpus on the inner half dull wax yel- low: pleura immaculate: feet, anterior pairs white be- fore, with a black line behind; coxe white ; tarsi white with dusky incisures; posterior pair black, incisures of the thighs, band on the tibie and base of the ultimate joints of the tarsi white; coxe white, with a black spot above and beneath. Length one fourth of an inch. 9 Coxe with a large black spot; posterior tibie with a white longitudinal line. Length three tenths of an inch. VOL. I.—PART III. ar 218 Say's Descriptions of Much smaller than extérnus, Nob. (Western Quar ^ terly Reporter.) ` 7. A. bardus. Black; thorax and anterior upper . angle of the pleura rufous. i Inhabits Indiana. rt dilated, black: antenne, 9d joint nearly rst, but less dilated : front and vertex with impressed lines: nasus not deeply emarginate: labrum rounded before : mandibles piceous at tip: thorax and humeral portion of the pleura honey-yellow : wings tinged with blackish purple. Length three tenths of an inch. Belongs to the genus Senanprta, Leach. The short and dilated form is like that of ovatus, L. and nigérrima, Klug.. Nematvs, Jur. 1. N. vertebratus. Green; antenne and spots above kish. Inhabits Indiana. | 9 Body pale green: verter with a black spot: an- . tenne black, fuscous towards the tip; 2d and 3d joints subequal : nasus white, somewhat bilobate : labrum not very obtusely rounded before, a little indented on the disk, white : mandibles piceous at tip: thorax trilineate with black: seutel black: wings hyaáline ; nervures blackish ; costal nervure and carpus pale greenish: ter- gum with a vitta of blackish spots, almost obsolete to- wards the tip: tarsi dusky. - Length one fourth of an inch. | 2. N. integer. Greenish-yellow ; antenne, spots and tergum black ; costal edge not emarginate at the carpus. North American — ` ï P" Káhobiót Indiana. 9 Body greenish-yellow: head with a dilated black vitta on the vertex: antenne black: nasus whitish, not deeply emarginate : labrum white, depressed ante- riorly, rounded before: mandibles piceous at tip: thorax with three much dilated, abbreviated, bl oblique, black spot behind the scutel : wings e costal nervure and carpus dull waxen; no obvious emar- gination on the costal edge near the carpus; nervures blackish : tergum black; lateral edge and posterior nar- row margins of the basal segments whitish: posterior pair of tibie and tarsi black. Length over one fourth of an inch. Resembles the preceding, but the form is much more robust, and that species has the usual emargination of the costal edge. The present species has much more of black in its color. 3. N. longicórnis. Black; beneath, head and before the wings whitish. Inhabits Indiana. Body black: head yellowish-white, a dilated black spot on the vertex: antenne fuscous, joints elongated : thorax black, line before the wings and wing-scale whit- ish: wings hyaline, nervures fuscous ; carpus rather large, yellowish: beneath greenish, or UE pleura with two black spots beneath the wings, anterior spot longitudinal. Length three twentieths of an inch. Empuytvs, Leach. 1. E. tarsdtus. Black; tarsi and tip of the antenne white. R a s 220 Say’s Descriptions of Inhabits Indiana. 9 Body black: antenne with three and a half or four terminal joints white : nasus sublunate : labrum rounded at tip, white, or with a dusky disk: palpi, terminal joints whitish ; wing-scale whitish : wings very slightly „tinged with fuliginous; carpus white on the basal half: feet, tarsi and coxe white : anterior pairs of tibi white: posterior pair of tibia at base white. Length nearly one half an inch. In form it resembles the female of Annantus atra, L. and the thorax, as well as the abdomen, is entirely black. 9. E. semicórnis. Honey-yellow ; tip of the antenne and disk of the pectus black. - Inhabits Indiana. mons 9 Body honey-yellow : antenne, four terminal joints black: nasus deeply emarginate: labrum and mouth pale yellowish, the former rounded at tip: stemmata black: thorax with a dusky line on the two middle lobes: scutel dusky on the posterior edge: metathorax dusky near the scutel: abdomen immaculate, rather paler at base and beneath: wings hyaline; nervures blackish; base of the carpus yellowish-white: pectus before and on the middle black: coxe whitish: tarsi pale: posterior thighs and tibie blackish at their tips. Length over three tenths of an inch. A very distinct species and easily recognised. 3. E. platycerus. Black; tibie and tarsi white; first _ and second joints of the antennz very short, equal. ~ Inhabits Indiana. - _ $ Body short, robust, black, polished: antenne rather robust, compressed ; first and second joints remarkably short, when taken together less than half the length of either of the others ; remaining joints subequal, the third ag LT Bec A E ZU. ` á North American Hymenoptera. 221 hardly longest: mouth dull piceous: wing-scale dull piceous : wings fuliginous, with a violaceous tinge: feet white; thighs in the middle and coxe black. | Length less than three twentieths of an inch. The joints of the antenne are shorter and more com- pressed than those of any other species Ihave seen. — 4. E. recens. Antenne, basal joint white; and feet white. 5e : Inhabits Indiana. ee d Head black; basal joint of the antenne, nasus, labrum and mouth white: thorax black, with a white - collar and wing-scale: wings hyaline, nervures fuscous : tergum, on the basal half white, with three dilated black bands slightly interrupted in the middle; terminal half somewhat fulvous, with about two marginal black spots and a larger double one each side near the tip; lateral processes at tip obvious: pectus white: pleura with a dilated black line: feet white; intermediate tibie and tarsi with a black line; posterior thighs tinged with honey-yellow ; their tibie and tarsi dusky or blackish. Length one fifth of an inch. XiïPHYDRI1A, Latr. 1. X. maculàta. Abdomen black with seven lateral white spots. - Inhabits Indiana. :d Body black : head punctured on the front ; with two small spots above the antenne, anterior and inferior orbits extending in a line behind the eye; base of the mandibles, and two lines upon the vertex, white: thorax confluently punctured ; about four short lines on the disk, white ; a white spot before the wings: wings immacu- Aun 222 Say’s Descriptions of late: tergum with seven lateral, emarginate, white dots: beneath, on the neck and pectus with a few white spots: feet honey-yellow. Length over two fifths of au inch. This is undoubtedly much like the X. camélus, Linn. wach: however, is destitute of spots on the disk of the , the wings are clouded towards the sip, and there x lateral spots on the-abdomen, the ultimate ent being immaculate. y X. basàlis. Black ; abdomen fasciate at base. Inhabits Indiana. 9 Body black, polished : Bius > and palpi white : thorax, anterior segment glaucous on the posterior mar- gin: wings hyaline ; first cubital cellule confluent with the first radial, having only a rudiment of the dividing nervure: abdomen, two basal segments honey-yellow, more or less intermixed with black: feet honey-yellow ; posterior tarsi and tibi: black, the latter white at base. Length seven twentieths of an inch. Found in the latter part of May. Lxna, Fabr. L. ocreata. blackis hiii Indiana. Yellowish-green, antenne and spots 9 Body yellowish-green: head with a spot on the ; stemmata and three lines behind, blackish ; one or two brownish lines beneath the eyes and an obsolete one be- fore the eyes: mandibles piceous at tip: antenne black ; basal joint dull whitish beneath: thorax with a transverse black line on the collar near the neck; another behind the collar; about four brown spots, of which the, inner `r T" North American Hymenoptera. 223 ones are smallest ; a larger brown spot behind the ante- rior wings: wings hyaline, with fuscous nervures ; carpus greenish in the middle: tergum blackish, dull greenish in the middle: farsi and tibie exteriorly dusky : posterior tibie blackish. Length nearly two fifths of an inch. Xorwes, Latr. X. humeralis, Nob. ' Contributions of is ak. Lyceum, p. 74, where I placed it, agreeably to Jurine, in his genus ANOMALON. d Antenne entirely black: tergum, first segment on each side with two longitudinal impressed lines ; second and third segments each with an impressed oblique line each side at their bases: trochanters partly white ; ante- rior and intermediate feet varied with whitish. Length over two fifths of an inch. BnacnvcasTER, Leach. (Evania, F.) B. reticuldtus. Black ; first joint of the antenne, and anterior pairs of feet piceous. Inhabits Indiana. Body black, reticulate with large punctures: antenne not longer than the trunk, with close set, subequal joints ; first joint subclavate, piceous, longest ; second joint not longer than broad, shortest, about half the length of the third: punctures on the posterior face of the metathorax more dilated than those of the thorax: wings hyaline; nervures fuscous: petiole about as long as the abdomen, punctured: abdomen orbicular, polished, e: feet, two anterior pairs piceous. ; 224 Say s Descriptions of . Lodi about one fifth of an inch. I agree with Leach in the propriety bak separating this j group from Evanta. In addition to the great dissimi- larity of the neuration of the wings, the proportional length of the. preis f feet and of the antennz is quite Ciera. - Pmr, F; 1. P. himida. Black; feet yellow; thorax with white lines ; abdomen with white lateral spots. Inhabits Indiana. Body black, transversely rugulous: anterior orbits and palpi white: thorax with rather large, transverse wrinkles ; wing-scale, line before the wing, and two abbreviated dorsal lines white: wings immaculate: nérv- ures blackish ; stigma at base whitish; second cubital cellule petiolated : scutel, posterior margin white: abdo- men falcate ; segments, excepting the first, with a rather large, rounded, whitish, lateral spot: oviduct at least as long as the body: pectus and feet honey-yellow: tarsi whitish, incisures dusky: tibie whitish, posterior pairs blackish at tip. Length over half an inch. Form and magnitude of P. ptérelas, Nob., which, however, is destitute of white spots and lines. 9. P.? petiolàtus. Black; varied with yellowish- white ; second cubital cellule minute, petiolated. dinlisbüs Indiana. Body black, densely punctured: hypostoma, mouth, and antenne beneath, whitish: thorar with a wide, white line before the wings: wings hyaline; nervures blackish ; stigma whitish towards the base; second + = > North American Hymenoptera. => 225. cubital very minute, the: petiole being elongated : scutel | dull honey-yellow: tergum densely punctured; | two basal segments with an elevated, abbreviated line ; ‘that of the second segment parted into several at base, that of the first segment dilated into a groove at base; basal segment with a tubercle each side and an elevated line on the lateral margin, continued on the second segment : pleura and pectus honey-yelow varied with white: coxe and trochanters white; posterior pair of cox honey-yellow : feet pale honey-yellow ; posterior pair of thighs at tip, their tibie from the middle to the tip and their tarsi black: venter, in the middle, white. Length nearly three tenths of an inch. A small frontal escutcheon and sessile abdomen led me to place this insect here, although the palpi are not dilated and the wing cellules differ. Acaruis, Latr. 1. A. polita. Black; antenne, tibie and tarsi yel- lowish. Inhabits Indiana. $ Body deep black, highly polished: head yellow: vertex, front and eyes on the posterior margin, polished, black: antenne honey-yellow : mandibles honey-yellow, black at base and tip: posterior orbits and posterior margin of the vertex, yellow: occiput obscure honey- yellow: thorax with a double, yellow, central spot, cor- date spot on the scutel, abbreviated, transverse line be- neath it, and posterior margin of the metathorax, yellow: wings blackish-brown ; second cubital cellule quadran- gular : tergum with a yellow band on the posterior mar- gin of the first and second segments, slightly interrupted VOL. I.—PART III. 30 Á dÀ $ 226 Say’s Descriptions of in the middle: feet honey-yellow: posterior thighs black ; the tibia pale, and tarsi yellow. 9 Thorax with a hardly visible, piceous vitta on each side of the central spot ; abdomen towards the tip atten- uated. Length nine twentieths of an inch. 2. A. orndta. Black, varied with yellow; tergum yellowish, fasciate with fuscous. Inhabits Indiana. d Body black, polished : cad vale: a black frontal spot confluent with a black transverse line of the vertex, that is continued on the posterior margin of the eyes: antenne honey-yellow, somewhat dusky above: mandi- bles blackish at tip : thoraz with a broad, yellow margin, interrupted before, and double central spot: scutel and two or three small spots beneath it yellow: metathorar with a small spot behind the wing and posterior margin yellow: wings fuliginous ; stigma and costal nervure honey-yellow ; second cubital cellule quadrangular : ter- gum yellow, becoming greenish behind, segments with a broad blackish band at base, the anterior bands broader: pleura with more of yellow than black: feet yellow: cove varied with honey-yellow : posterior thighs, their tibie at tip, and tarsi at tip, ee Length less than half an inch. Resembles the. preceding. : ICHNEUMON. 1. Ï. suturàlis. Ferruginous; scutel yellow; sutures black. ` Inhabits North America. ; Body pale ferruginous: antenne black beyond the an North American Hymenoptera. 227 middle: trunk with black sutures: scutel more or less tinged with yellow: wings tinged with ferruginous ; carpus yellowish; nervures blackish ; central cellule pentangular, the side on the radial cellule rather smallest, basal and apicial sides longest, not parallel: metathorax with slightly elevated lines in the form of an H: tergum with the apicial sutures not black; basal segment with two slightly elevated longitudinal lines: tibia, posterior pair black at tip: venter, basal segment black; sutures not black: oviduct not E than the breadth of the anal segment. Var. « Front, scutel and basal joint of the tergum at tip, d iP ar. g. Sutures of the tergum not obviously black. Var. 7- Somewhat polished. A common species, of which I obtained specimens in Mexico; it is also found in Pennsylvania, Indiana and Missouri. This must resemble the ferrugator, Swederus, (Trans. Stockholm Soc. for 1787) which I have not met with, unless this should prove to be a variety of it; which is very doubtful and even improbable. 9. I. málacus, Nob. (Contrib. Macl. Lyceum E p- 72.) To “abdomen with an impressed line each side,” ought to be added beneath the edge; this is a character, however, common to many species. The tergum, in a particular light, has a slight tinge of blue. 8. I. mérulus, Nob. (ibid, p. 73.) Annulation of the antenne beginning with the seventh or eighth joint and ending with the fourteenth. The tibie and tarsi are honey-yellow ; and the oviduct hardly extends beyond the tip of the abdomen. It resembles the mélacus, and requires the additional Septi I have now given, to be distinguished from it. AV b 228 Say’s Descriptions of I have found this species in Indiana, Missouri and the N. W. Territory. The “acute angle” of the metatho- rax is prominent, spiniform. 4. l. otiósus, Nob. (ibid, p. 69.) Occurs in Indiana and N. W. Territory. It resembles wnifasciatórius, Nob. (Amer. Entom. vol. Il.) but is rather smaller, the annulation of the an- tennæ is differently situated, and it has two abbreviated white lines on the middle of the thorax. 5. I. brevinctor, Nob. (Amer. Entom. pl. 22.) Ter- minal segment of the tergum with a large, white, rounded spot. 6. I. paràta, Nob. (Contr. Macl. Lyc. p. 68.) The following is a description of the opposi fe sex, and of some of its varieties. i Body black: head with yellow orbits, mouth and hypostoma ` antenne beneath dull honey-yellow ; basal joint beneath yellow : thorax with two small abbreviated lines on the disk, line before the wings approaching before, and wing-scale yellow: scutel yellow: wings slightly tinged with fuliginous: nervures pale brownish; stigma dull honey-yellow ; second cubital cellule penta- gonal, the two recurrent nervures with a short process near their middles: metathorax with a dilated spot each side, often confluent, and a small line under the ‘Scutel: tergum with four dilated yellow bands: feet yellow ; posterior thighs, excepting their base and their trochanters, black ; posterior tibiæ at tip black. - Length over three fifths of an inch. Var. «, Tergum with but two bands. Var. 8. Metathorax immaculate behind. Var. y- -Bands of the tergum contracted in the middle. Var. 3.. Short lines of the thorax confluent, so as to form a lunate spot. e Msc NUES Pas ae North American Hymenoptera. 229 Var. e. Short lines of the thorax obsolete. A very common species. I have taken it in Missouri, Indiana, Pennsylvania and N. W. Territory. 7. I. comptus. Black; tergum with a yellow band on each segment. Inhabits United States. Body black: head with yellow hypostoma, orbits and cheeks: thorax with a line before the wings, two slender parallel lines, nearly as long as the disk, on the middle, . wing-scale, and often a short line between the wing and scutel, yellow: scutel yellow : wings tinged with fuli- ginous; second cubital cellule pentagonal, the anterior recurrent nervure with a short process near the middle: metathorax with a short transverse line at tip of the scutel and two dilated longitudinal spots, yellow : tergum with a dilated yellow band on each of the segments, the 2d and 3d widest: feet yellow, or honey-yellow. 9 with a whitish annulation rather d the middle line of the antennz. | Length half an inch. ” Resembles the preceding, but differs'in many charac- ters, as the two descriptions will prove. 8. TI. navus. Black; orbits, line before the wings and lateral margin of the scutel, yellow. Inhabits United States. 9 Body greenish-black ; head with narrow yellow orbits: palpi dull yellowish: thorax with a slender line the wings yellow: wings a little fuliginous ; nervures fuscous: scutel with a yellow lateral margin: metathorax with a line beneath the scutel generally in- terrupted into two distant dots: thighs at base and tip, at tip, and tarsi, with a slight tinge of piceous: -antenne annulate. Sei š 230 ; Say’s Descriptions of d Hypostoma and mouth yellow : feet with the thighs at base and tip, tibic at tip and base of the joints of the tarsi dull yellowish. Length from nine twentieths to three fifths of an inch. May be distinguished from brevicinctor, unifasciato- rius, and otidsus, Nob. by its black scutel; and from mórulus and málacus, Nob. by having a yellow line be- fore the wings. Ihave found it in Pennsylvania, Indiana and Louisiana. 9. I. devinctor, Nob. (Amer. Entom. vol. II.) It varies in having the scutel black and the feet en- tirely black. Another variety has the tibie and tarsi ferruginous. "x dum specimen was sent to me by Dr. Harris. I. duplicátus. Black; abdomen rufous ; meta- a =a. yellow marks. Inhabits Indiana. Q Body black: hypostoma, palpi and orbits yellow?" antenne with a whitish annulus beyond the fifteenth joint: thorax with the dorsal impressed lines not deep; and extending from the middle to the anterior margin; & yellow line before the wings ; wing-scale dull selon scutel bright yellow, a little convex : wings sligh tinted with fuliginous ; stigma dull honey-yellow ; un cubital cellule banii; the recurrent nervures with slight processes: metathorax with a large yellow W be- slow spot at tip of the scutel: tergum second segment not distinctly excavated at base each sides aw segment as long as the second, slender, black at base and tinged with yellow at tip: cova having |. a yellow spot: thighs black, the two anterior pairs varied t with yellow sh towards the tip: tibie yellow; anteri ` pairs having a- black line behind; posterior pair black at = ud ; e MM > E A A x + North American Hymenoptera. 231 tip and at the extreme base: tarsi yellowish, terminal joint black at tip. d Thorax with a quadrate yellow spot on the middle. ' Length over three fifths of an inch. The form of the abdomen is that of an Arowva, Panz. but the wings are not remarkably short, nor are the an- tenn convoluted. The markings of the metathorax are much like those of I. pectoralis, Nob. 11. I. residuus, Nob. (Contr. Macl. Lyc. p. 13) re- . sembles suturális, Nob. but is much smaller, with tri- colored antenne. | `* Cnyrrus, Fab. 1. C. orbus. Second cubital cellule incomplete ; tho- rax with two dorsal yellow lines. Inhabits Indiana. us Body black: orbits and hypostoma white: thorax E two lines on the disk and collar white :. scu£el, trans- verse line beneath i it, and line each side at its base diverg- ing towards the base of the wings, white: wings hyaline; nervures fuscous ; second cubital cellule small, rounded, pentangular, the nervure of division from the third cellule Mtr metathorax whitish with about three black vi ted lines: abdomen long, tapering to the base: ete with the posterior margin of the first and second * ` segments white; remaining segments more or less yel- plee white, with a black fu : white: feet honey-yellow + posterior feet, -a black line; tarsi white; tibie at tip and ` base blackish. = Length less than one fourth of an inch. 2. C. discitérgus. Whitish varied vie ter- gum black, disk white. 232 Xe Say’s Descriptions of Inhabits Indiana. 4 . Body white, slightly tinged with yellow: antenne black: verter with a black dot on the locality of the é stemmata: thorax with an abbreviated black vitta before, and another vitta on each side, confluent upon the scutel, which is also black: metathorax black on the disk: wings hyaline ; nervures brown : tergum polished; black, with a dilated whitish spot in the middle ; broadest rather behind the middle, and tapering to the base: , oviduct less than half the length of the abdomen: - posterior thighs with a blackish line each side: posterior tibie blackish at base and at tip. Length nearly three twentieths of an inch. Spins an oval, silken cocoon, of a | white color slightly tinged with reddish. 3. C. conquisitor. Black; tergum with the posterior margins of the segments white ; feet honey-yellow ; pos- terior tibie and tarsi with black pu Inhabits Indiana. i Body black, punctured: palpi white: thorax, punc- _ tures minute ; a longitudinal white line before the wings: metathorax not distinctly punctured on the disk: wings very slightly tinged with dusky ; . nervures blackish; — stigma rather large, with its base and tip whitish ; second ` cubital cellule oblique: tergum densely puhctared on every part; segments on their posterior narrow margins white: oviduct about half the length of the abdomen: 2 feet honey-yellow ; intermediate. and posterior tarsi white, the joints black at their tips; posterior tibi& black, white in the middle. . Length one fourth of an inch. Resembles inquisitor, Nob., but the pee: — of the segments of the tergum are white. . see = North American Hymenoptera. 233 4. C. düctilis. Second cubital cellule petiolated ; abdomen falcate. Inhabits Indiana. Body black ; basal joint of the antennœ beneath, and mouth whitish ; thorax without obvious impressed lines : wings hyaline ; nervures fuscous ; second cubital cellule minute, petiolated : abdomen arcuated, slender at base, more dilated and compressed towards the tip, but not truncate ; honey-yellow, dusky at base: oviduct more than half the length of the abdomen, a little recurved, black: feet honey-yellow ; anterior and intermediate coxe and trochanters whitish ; posterior feet rather more dusky. Length under three tenths of an inch. In the form of the abdomen and general appearance it resembles AnomaLon ejincidus, Nob. 5. C. tenéllus. Honey-yellow ; wings banded. Inhabits Pennsylvania. . 9 Antenne blackish towards the tip: wings hyaline ; a fuliginous band before the middle, and a much dilated or double one beyond the middle including the stigma; ` stigma triangular and with the nervures brown ; cellule wide ; second cubital somewhat rounded, the exterior nervure wanting; apicial nervure obsolete : metathorax beneath the scutel and at the insertion of the abdomen black: abdomen arcuated, blackish at tip: ovt- duct half as long as the abdomen. Length nearly three twentieths of an inch. 6. C. inguisitor, Nob. (Contrib. Macl. Lyc. p. 71.) Tergum rather densely punctured in every part; seg- ments with a transverse, slightly indented, obtuse line in ` the middle: venter whitish, with black lateral spots. VOL. I.—PART Ill. 31 # 234 —. Say's Descriptions of Var. œ. Much larger; oviduct hardly over half the length of the abdomen. Length two fifths of an inch. : 7. C. calipterus. Wings yellowish, füsciate; central cellule pentagonal. Inhabits Mexico. Body pale ferruginous yellow : antenne black, ferru- ginous at base, and with a white semi-annulus on the middle: scutel with its basal angles connected with the thorax by an elevated line: wings yellowish, a black band before the middle, another beyond the middle; con- nected in the form of a v with the black apicial margin; central cellule pentangular, its basal and apicial lines being nearly parallel: inferior wings with a dot in the middle, and apicial margin blackish: tergum with the third segment dusky or black at its base: oviduct black, nearly as long as the abdomen: posterior tibi blackish ` at ip. Length less than three fifths of an inch. The remarkable resemblance which exists between thé present insect and the bifascidtus, Nob. in point of color, renders it necessary, in order to prevent mistake, that we should observe that in the bifascidtus, the oviduct is not half the length of the abdomen, and the central cellule of its wing joins the radial cellule in an acute angle, its basal and apicial lines being confluent ‘at the point of junction with it. s R 8. C. cestus. Wings hyaline, fasciate ; inferior wings dusky at tip. — Inhabits Indiana. I. -. 9 Body rufous, almost sanguineous, opake: antémné; excepting the twq basal joints, black with a. white an- nulus in the middle ; wings hyaline, a blackish band on North American Hymenoptera. 235 the middle, abbreviated before ; another blackish band nearer the tip abbreviated behind; tip margin dusky ; second cubital cellule pentangular, its basal and terminal lines not parallel: metathorax a little rugose each side, with a short, compressed tubercle each side on the de- clivity : tergum with the basal segment polished ; third segment black at base: oviduct nearly as long as the abdomen : pleura with the incisures punctured: poste- rior tarsi a little paler. Length half an inch. This is very much like C. calipterus, Nob. but the wings are hyaline ; the cellules somewhat different ; the inferior wings destitute of a central spot; the body is of a deep rufous color, &c. 9. C. plurivinctus. Black; segments of the tergum margined with white. Inhabits United States. Body black: thorax with a short line before the wings and wing-scale yellow : ings hyaline, with a slight dusky tinge; nervures blackish ; stigma rufous at the stricture ; second cubital cellule cea n somewhat oblique, meeting the radial cellule in an angle: abdomen almost sessile: tergum with the first segment excavated near the base; densely punctured; all the segments with narrow, white posterior margins: oviduct exserted, short, hardly half the length of the abdomen: feet honey-yel- low ; posterior pair with the knees, tips of the tibie and of Gail tarsal joint, black. Length over half an inch. d Hind pair of feet with an a on the tibiæ and base of each tarsal joint, white. The male is much smaller than the female. I ob- tained a female from a follicle of the common folliculate 236 Say’s Descriptions of Linnean Bombyx, with transparent wings, which were extremely abundant a few years since in Maryland, caus- ing much apprehension for the safety of the trees of their choice. Some of them were obtained for me, by my friend Mr. Gilliams, for examination, when I described them under the name ~ hyalina, but did not publish the account. 10. C. grallator. Ferruginous, with black sutures and wings. Tnhabits Indiana. Body ferruginous: head slightly yellowish on the orbits: mandibles black at tip: antenne dusky, before the tip yellowish: thorax with two obsolete, parallel, yellowish lines ; sutures before the wings and scutel black: wings violaceo-fuliginous; nervures blackish ; stigma ferruginous; second cubital cellule rather large, pentangular, the side of the radial cellule much the lest; two bulle and recurrent nervures each with one: metathorax with the sutures black: scutel rounded: abdomen clavate, falcate, gradually narrowed to the base, somewhat polished; posterior margins of the segments obsoletely yellowish ; the base of the segments or incisures ack: pleura and pectus with black sutures; separating suture between the pleura and metathorax black, includ- ing a yellow line: oviduct as long as the abdomen ; pos- terior pair of tibiæ and tarsi paler than the thighs; poste- rior coxæ nearly as long as the thighs. Length about three fifths of an inch. This insect differs: somewhat in appearance from its congeners. The form of the abdomen, excepting that it is not compressed, the fact that it originates higher upon the metathorax than others, and the elongated posterior coxæ give it a little the air of a Fœxnus, but the numer- ously jointed antenn place it in this family. North American Hymenoptera. 237 11. C. náncius. Black; abdomen excepting the base and tip rufous. Inhabits Pennsylvania. Body black : palpi white, blackish at tip; antenne 9 a long white annulus in the middle : thorax immaculate ; two impressed lines: wings hyaline ; nervures brown ; stigma rather slender; second cubital cellule rather large, pentagonal, the two angles on the radial nervure nearly rectangular ; recurrent nervures almost rectilinear: ter- gum, basal segment wholly or in part black; second, third and generally half of the fourth rufous or honey- yellow; remaining segments black: oviduct nearly half the length of the abdomen: feet honey-yellow ; posterior. pair of tibie at tip and knees black; posterior tarsi pale yellowish. Length about two fifths of an inch. I obtained many specimens from the larva of ATTACUS prométhea, Linn. several years ago. 19. C. subclavatus. Black; antenne subclavate, at base and feet honey-yellow. Inhabits United States. Body black: antenne on the basal half piceous or dark honey-yellow, dilating gradually towards the tip, terminal balf dusky or black ; first joint robust: thorax depressed on the posterior disk, in which are longitudin- ally confluent punctures; a slightly elevated line before the bi-foveolate scutellar groove: wings, radial cellule rather wide and short ; cubital cellule pentangular, sides subequal, angles at the radial cellule nearly rectangular: abdomen Q oval, honey-yellow, dusky or blackish at base and tip: oviduct nearly half the length of the abdomen: feet honey-yellow. Length under one fifth of an inch. 238 Say’s Descriptions of Approaches a little to the genus Henwiesa by the form of its antenne. I found one specimen in Pennsyl- vania and another in this State. 13. C. micrópterus,Q . Black; feet and middle of the abdomen rufous ; wings abbreviated. - Inhabits Pennsylvania. Body black: antenne, honey-yellow, with a paler yellow annulation: palpi whitish: wings not reaching the tip of the metathorax : metathorax concave behind; posterior: angles a little prominent: tergum polished, suboval ; first segment black ; second and third honey- yellow; remaining segments black: oviduct half the length of the abdomen : feet honey-yellow, paler at their origin; posterior pair of thighs and tibie each at M blackish.. Length one fifth of an inch. This seems to be related to C. eiieusidiis Fabr. but it has no “ striga alba.” Ornros, Fabr. 1. O. purgdtus. Honey-yellow ; two opake dots in the first cubital cellule. Inhabits Indiana. Body pale honey-yellow, somewhat sericeous: an- tenn@ rather longer than the body: orbits yellow, dilated before, so as to occupy the greater part of the hypostoma : ` ocelli large, prominent: wings hyaline; stigma slender; rst cubital cellule with two opake, subtriangular spots ; second cubital cellule none: metathorar with a. single, raised, rectilinear, transverse line, near the base. Length about seven tenths of an inch. This is much like an insect sent me by Mr. Winthem North American Hymenoptera. 239 as the ramidulus, Fabr. which has also opake wing-spots, but is black on the tip of the abdomen. The bilinedtus, Nob. may be distinguished from this species by having many raised lines on the metathorax and by being desti- tute of the opake wing-spots. The sexes are similar in color, and -both have the opake wing-spots, which is not the case in Mr. Winthem’s specimens of ramidulus. 2. O. glabratus. Honey-yellow ; a glabrous pot in the large cubital cellule. . Inhabits Indiana. i Body dull honey-yellow: head bright yellow: an- tenne, mouth and stemmata honey-yellow: eyes black- ish: wings, first cubital cellule beyond its middle with a longitudinally oval glabrous space, but destitute of any opake spot: metathorax transversely wrinkled near the petiole of the abdomen. Length about four fifths of an inch. Much like purgatus, Nob., with a similar glabrous spot in the cubital cellule, but this spot is destitute of of h any appearar seals ogriscomns spots whin dis- ingib that species. ` ` . O. mundus. ` Black ; antenne, posterior tibie and tarsi yellow. Inhabits Indiana. d Body black: head with the front, nasus and ante- rior orbits greenish-yellow: antenne fulvous yellow; three or four basal joints above black; the first joint beneath gteenish-yellow : trunk with rather deus: short hairs: wings purple-black : abdomen much compressed ; basal joint cylindrical; second segment as long as the first, or a little longer, compressed towards the tip: ante- rior pair of feet yellowish before: intermediate pair with a line before and base of the tibie yellowish: pos- 240 Says Descriptions of terior pair with the tibie, excepting the tip, and the tarsi, excepting the terminal joint, fulvous-yellow. É Length nearly one inch. Resembles flavicórnis, Nob., which, however, has the first segment of the omei considerably longer than the second. It is also allied to morio, Fab. but that species is described to have the wings blue, tipt with = and the legs black, the anterior ones testaceous. . O. bilineàtus, Nob. oree of the Mac- ao Lyceum, p. 75. This is the analogue of the O. liie; Fab. 5. O. brachiator. Black ; abdomen and feet yellow- ish ; a petiolated second bull cellule. Inhabits Indiana. Antenna, first joint beneath, white mandibles whit- = ish, piceous at tip: palpz white; wings hyaline; stigma — à slender, blackish ; second cubital cellule rather large, = quadrangular, more or less petiolated from the radial cellule, anterior recurrent nervure a little arcuated, not angulated and with a white bulla; second recurrent nerv- ure rectilinear, with a white bulla : metathorax with an impressed longitudinal line, and a transverse raised one "o at base: abdomen honey-yellow ; first joint white at . base ; second joint blackish above: feet, posterior pair honey-yellow, tarsi blackish ; intermediate pair — with honey-yellow thighs ; anterior “ee white. — . Length nine twentieths of an in I place this in the genus Sides NES of the E» pressed, faleate abdomen, M RUN m existence of the second cubital cellule. he © gon a diii = as North American Hymenoptera. 241 Pu. ANOMALON, Jurine. * p À. attrüctus. Black ; feet and base of the abdo- men honey-yellow. Inhabits Indiana. i Body black, somewhat polished : frontal orbits, part of the hypostoma and mouth yellowish-white: thorax, line before the wings and wing-scale whitish: wings hya- line; nervures s, towards the base whitish ; stigma whitish towards the stricture ; ; second cubital cellule destitute of thes exterior nervure; recurrent nervures each with a bulla: scutel pale yellow: metathorax with a transverse pale yellow line beneath the scutel: abdo- . men honey-yellow ; posterior half of the 4th segment and ^ the remaining segments black ; first segment sessile, with an ted groove in which are many elevated lines; 9d ` segment with .two less arcuated ones; 3d and 4th seg- ments each wit of the tergum. yellow, origin of the anterior pair pale yellow : posterior * _tibie black towards the base, with a large white m 5 _ posterior tarsi black: pleura with a white â be fore: pectus having an angulated white line : oviducf iot ex- tending beyond the tip of the abdomen. ; Length one fifth of an inch. 2. A. jini. Ferruginous, sibi with ise ; pectus black. dis its United States. } nus, those ies that are destitute of the ‘small cubital client which have not the abdomen so compressed and trun to associate with Ornios. VOL. 1.—PART 111. 3 32 . M. a & g TE cd , EUM. = M ` x» Z. T á b. d = CE n = 7. aa ` 242 | Say s Descriptions of Body ferruginous, with crowded, discoidal punctures, giving the surface a reticulate appearance : head without obvious punctures; orbits tinged with yellow: _ antenne blackish; first joint yellowish beneath: thorax with a slightly impressed line before, and another each side be- hind, obsolete; dilated sutures about the scutel black: wings hyaline; nervures blackish ; stigma rather slen- der; second cubital cellule none, the anterior recurrent nervure obtusely arcuated; second recurrent nervure rectilinear : abdomen slender, dull honey-yellow, piceous black above and at tip, without large punctures: ovt as long as the basal joint of the abdomen: feet dark honey-yellow: pleura above Magers: feet with ob- à sun lines: pectus black. Length about two fifths of an inch. ~ ae 3. A. méllipes. Black; feet honeys yellows posterior thi ghs armed with a spine. Inhabits Indiana. Anomaton méllipes, Nob. Contrib. Macl. Lyc. p. 74. 9 Body black, polished: head with the distance be- gt ` hind the eyes considerable : labrum dull piceous : palpi dull whitish: thorax with the’ impressed lines. rather deep, rendering the thoracic lobes very distinct: wings with a slight dusky tint: metathorax. with an obvious +- spine on each side of the posterior declivity : feet honey- yellow : core and thighs robust, particularly those of the posterior pair, of which the thighs are*armed beneath near the tip with a prominent spine: oviduct as long aS the body, or a little longer, somewhat —— towards the tip. Length nearly seven twentieths of an ach: d Anterior and intermediate thighs rather less robust. Length less than seven twentieths of LI. da "a z ti x é Ë Â E. Á á w * 943 Has some = to a Xonrpzs, but the mandi- bles are bidentate, and the metathorax and anterior part of the "thorax differ. It is a very distinct species. I have thought i it may be useful to give the above more detailed and characteristic description than that quoted, which is too short and unimportant. A good name for this species would be gladiàtor. | 4. A. densátus. 3e] Black ; thorax rufous; tergum densely punctured. " . lnhabits Indi X. ana. - Body black, with short, small hairs: orbits above with — a white spot ; face, below the antenne, and mouth, pale yellowish : antenne thorax sedduli-hyn i 3 with an abbreviated black vitta: scutel reddish-brown : wings hyaline; nervures fuscous; stigma yellowish: abdomen sublinear, not attenuated towards the base, but in the first j joint : tergum with dense, rather large, but not p _ punctures ; posterior edges of the segments slightly rufous : oviduct nearly half the length of the ab- domen : feet dull yellowish ; coxe and trochanters whit- ish ; tips of the tibie and of the tarsi dusky. _ Taaie over one fifth of an inch. 9. A.recárvus. Black; feet honey-yellow ; posterior tibie and tarsi with black j joints. - Inhabits Indiana. Body rather denser, black: head not extended be- hind the eyes: orbits, nasus and palpi white : thorax tri- lobate (as in Xoripes and Piwpxa) with a white li before the wings: metathorax long, convex : tergum equal in width, basal segment a little narrower at base; seg- ments subequal.i in length ; first and second segments with a transverse impressed line near their tips ; remaining seg- ments, kk o^ the last, with a lateral, transverse, im- 244 ^ Says Descriptions of pressed line at their middles: oviduct less than half the length of the abdomen, a little recurved at tip: feet honey-yellow ; intermediate and posterior pairs of tarsi white, the joints black at their.tips; posterior pair of tibie black, white in the middle. d much smaller; thorax tinged with piceous; brille stoma white ; pectus honey-yellow ; feet paler than in the female. Length three tenths of an inch. The metathorax is convex as in Xonipzs, elongated, but the head is transverse and not globular. 6. A. lineátulus. Black; anterior pairs of feet honey- yellow ; tergum with minute lines. Inhabits Indiana. Body black, sparsely punctured: palpi whitish: tho- with two deeply impressed lines, uniting behind : wings hyaline ; nervures fuscous: scutel at base with a dilated indentation: metathorax with raised lines: abdo- men gradually tapering to the base: tergum on the three basal joints, with numerous, small, longitudinal, raised lines; fourth and following segments with much more minute transverse ones: feet, anterior pairs entirely honey-yellow ; posterior pair black, the incisures yellow- ish ; posterior tarsi yellowish. Length $ over one fourth of an inch. This has some resemblance to méllipes, Nob., which, however, has the posterior thighs thickened and with an obvious tooth on their inferior edge. The lineations of the tergum of the three basal seg- ments distinguish this species. 7. A divaricàtus. Black; tergum with two oblique, impressed lines on each segment. Inhabits Florida. t GE. North American Hymenoptera. . 245 - Body black: wings with fuscous nervures, dull yel- lowish towards the base: abdomen nearly sessile, minute- ly and densely punctured ; first segment with two longi- tudinal, elevated lines; 2d, 3d and 4th each with two very obvious, impressed lines, originating at the base and -divaricating towards the posterior angles: feet honey- yellow: posterior pair, thighs at tip, tibie at tip and annulus near the base, and posterior halves of the tarsal joints, black. `. ` i Length over two fifths of an inch. i Has considerable resemblance to ICHNEUMON inquísi- tor, Nob., but the impressed lines of the tergum are very oblique, and the wings are destitute of the small second cubital cellule. 8. A. emarginàtus, Nob. Contrib. Macl. Lyceum, p. 76. This species is very remarkable by the prominence of the head in front of the insertion of the antenne, which hence appear to be situated in a deep foveola; this char- acter, together with the very short, robust feet, proves a close relation to Atomya, to which in fact I would refer the species, but that there is no appearance of a second cubital cellule ; the antenne have thirty-six joints. Petrtasrtes, Illig. 1. P. pollinctórius. Black; two thoracic spots, scutel, and bands of the tergum yellow; tibiz black. : Inhabits Pennsylvania and Indiana. : 9 Body black, densely and closely punctured : head : fhoraz with a yellow line before the wings: scutel quadrate ; lateral edge elevated ; posterior margin, including the prominent spines, yellow: wings with a tint of ferruginous ; nervures fuscous; stigma paler in the pE eee FA Ê 246 _ Say’s Descriptions of middle : metathorax with a short. transverse line beneath the scutel and dot each side at tip yellow: tergum slightly tinged with violaceous, particularly towards the : r posterior margins of the segments yellow, excepting the second and sixth, of which the former has the lateral angle obscurely yellow: feet, anterior pairs honey-yel- low ; the thighs black behind; posterior pair black, the thighs yellow at base. Length about seven tenths of an inch. d Basal joint of the antenne beneath whitish ; frontal escutcheon on its lateral and basal margins, extending a short distance upon the orbit, yellow: dilated joint of the palpi dull whitish: metathorax with a yellow spot near the posterior coxe: cox; and knees honey-yellow. Length over two fifths of an inch. The female was presented to me several years ago by Mr. Lesueur, who obtained it in the neighborhood of Philadelphia. It is much like P. necatorius, Fabr. but is considerably larger, and that species is destitute of spots on the metathorax, and its posterior tibie are yellow. The male was taken by myself in Indiana. í Bancuvs, Fabr. l. B. nérvulus. Black; anterior pairs of feet and posterior tarsi yellow. Inhabits Indiana. Body black : mandibles polished at tip: tongue rather prominent: wings dark violaceo-fuliginous; nervures blackish ; stigma honey-yellow; second cubital cellule quadrangular, attached to the radial cellule by a slightly petiolated angle ; first recurrent nervure with a prominent Di North American Hymenoptera. 247 process and a small white spot; second recurrent nerv- ure much undulated, margined with white one half its length; exterior nervure of the cellule with a white spot: feet, anterior pairs, excepting the coxe and tro- chanters, honey-yellow ; posterior pair black, their tarsi yellow. Length at least half an inch. 2. B. equatus. Black; antenne and feet, excepting the hinder thighs, yellow. | Inhabits Indiana. Body black: antenne yellow, at tip and base a little dusky : Aypostoma with two slight lobes situated longi- tudinally, and with the mouth and orbits yellow: thorax with a slightly indented line each side before and another over the wings: wings violaceo-fuliginous ; nervures and stigma blackish, the latter with a whitish dot at its stric- ture; second cubital cellule pentangular, the two angles on ibi costal side rectangular and the three correspond- ing sides equal, the two anal sides shorter and equal, two sides with a white spot and the two recurrent nervures - with each a white spot: wing-scale and junction of the wings with the thorax honey-yellow : feet, anterior pairs honey-yellow ; posterior pair with the tibie and tarsi yellow. Length about half an inch. It has much resemblance to AcaTHIS polita, Nob. 3. B. fugitivus. Second Sn cellule petiòlited; posterior tibiæ oe Inhabits Indian Body black: ditis in both sexes black: mandibles and palpi white: wing-scale white: wings hyaline; nervures black, whitish at base ; second cubital cellule = small, petiolated from the radial cellule : metathorax 248 Say’s Descriptions of not obviously excavated behind, but with somewhat raised lines; abdomen arcuated; towards the tip rather abruptly clavate; punctures very small: oviduct.as long as the tip of the abdomen: feet honey-yellow, with a white reflection ; posterior tibie white with black tip and base ; posterior tarsi black, base of the first joint white, in the male the white of the posterior tibie is less obvious. Length from one fourth to three tenths of an inch. I obtained a specimen from a very pretty cocoon which is somewhat cylindric, white, with two maculated black bands. AczNrTUs, Latr. 1. A. décorus. Black varied with whitish ; posterior tarsi whitish. Inhabits Indiana. . Q Body black: orbits white, interrupted above and before : hypostoma white, nasal sutures black each side: mandibles black: antenne with ten or twelve white joints beyond the middle : thorax with the line over the wings, wing-scale, line before the wings, and lateral and posterior margin of the anterior lobe white : scutel white : wings hyaline, with a rounded fuscous spot at tip: meta- thorax, a small spot under the scutel and behind whitish : abdomen, posterior margins of the segments white; in profile clavate; dorsal view fusiform: venter white; le prominent, acute: oviduct much longer than the abdomen: pleura varied with yellowish: feet honey- yellow: posterior pair of coxe with three large yellow spots; incisures of the posterior thigh black; posterior tarsi whitish. North American Hymenoptera. 249 Length nearly three fifths of an inch. g Orbits white uninterrupted: thorax more variegated with white: antenne with about eight white joints: scutel, with a black disk, the white margin extending forwards in the form of a V: metathorax black varied with white, spines prominent: tergum, first joint on the lateral mar- gin white as well as the tip; second segment with a much arcuated line each side of the middle, curving for- wards; remaining segments with the posterior margins dull whitish: venter blackish, somewhat banded: pleura whitish, with a black line under the wings ; anterior por- tion black with white lines: pectus pale honey-yellow : cove, posterior pair with a black line. Length nine twentieths of an inch. This is a very prettily variegated species. 2. A. mélleus. Honey-yellow; antenne white, black- ish at base. Inhabits Indiana. .9 Body honey-yellow: head with a large black spot above the antennz ; beneath the antennz yellowish: an- tenne white ; basal third above black: occiput with a dusky spot: scutel yellow, the sutures around it black : wings with a blackish tip: tergum, sutures somewhat dusky : t2bi@ and trochanters yellowish. Length two fifths of an inch. Bassus, Fabr. 1. B. sanctus. Black; metathorax, abdomen and posterior feet sanguineous Inhabits Indiana. ? Body black: palpi tinged with piceous: thorax, pleura, pectus, and two anterior pairs of feet immaculate: 33 VOL. I.—PART III. 250 Say’s Descriptions of wings blackish-violaceous, with a hyaline literation in the middle ; nervures black ; separating nervure between the first cubital and first discoidal cellules widely interrupted ; second cellule triangular; cubital cellule rather large: metathorax and abdomen bright sanguineous: posterior cove and thighs bright sanguineous, the intervening tro- chanter black ; posterior íibie dull sanguineous, their tips dusky, their tarsi blackish : oviduct nearly as long as ody, ferruginous, with black valves. Length over three tenths of an inch. At first view resembles Bracon initiator, F. 2. B. limitaris. Black ; feet honey-yellow. Inhabits Missouri and Indiana. Body black: palpi white: thorax longitudinally in- dented behind the middle: wings nearly hyaline, at base yellowish ; nervures fuscous; stigma large; first cubital cellule complete; second rather large, quadrangular : radial cellule also rather large : feet honey-yellow ; pos- terior pair of tibie whitish, their tips and annulus near the base black ; posterior pair of tarsi black. Length seven twentieths of an inch. Var. œ. Maxillary palpi, first joint black. 9 Oviduct hairy, decurved, somewhat robust. 3. B. gibbosus. Black; nasus gibbous; terminal joints of the antennz short. Inhabits Indiana. — 9 Body somewhat polished, black: nasus with a pro- minent gibbosity : antenne with the joints of the terminal third not longer than broad: wings slightly fuliginous ; stigma robust; the abbreviated nervure at base of the stigma very robust and very near to the costal nervure: tergum, second segment at base with two large foveolz : oviduct as long as the abdomen and thorax together: North American Hymenoptera. 251 feet, terminal half of the thighs and basal portion of the tibie dull honey-yellow. Length hardly over one tenth of an inch. The smallest species I have met with. Bracon, Jurine, Latr. t Separating nervure between the radial and cubital cellule arcuat ed; second cubital cellule not very much elongated. 1. B. pectinàtor. Black; abdomen yellowish; wings blackish ; cellules regular. Inhabits United States. Head rather large and robust, concave behind at the neck: rostrum not prominent: thorax with the dorsal sutures dilated and containing very obvious transverse lines; the transverse suture at base of the scutel with five elevated lines: wings dark violaceous; 2d cubital cellule shorter and smaller than the first, quadrangular ; nervure forming the radial cellule rectilinear: ovdduct exserted, black. Length 9 to tip of wings nearly two fifths of an inch. I am not certain whereabout this insect was captured, but I think I obtained it in the N. W. Territory when engaged on the northern expedition with Major Long. It resembles the populator, but the rectilinear form of the nervure of the radial cellule places it nearer rugator, Nob. and initidtor, F.; from the former it is distinguished by the more simple surface of the tergum, and from the latter by the much shorter second cubital cellule. 2. B. rugator. Sanguineous ; head, wings and feet blackish ; tergum wrinkled. Inhabits silia Rostrum distinct; head piceous: antenne black: 252 Say’s Descriptions of thorax polished: wings purplish-fuliginous, with three or four obsolete, small, white spots ; cellules regular: ter- gum with numerous longitudinal, elevated lines on each segment ; first segment with the lines transverse and in- terrupted by a large, elevated oval lobe on the disk, which has a longitudinal line and irregular ruge; the lateral edge elevated ; 2d and 3d segments with an ob- ` lique indented line at base each side: oviduct two thirds the length of the abdomen, black, clothed with short hairs: feet piceous-black. Length 9 three tenths of an inch. The remarkable appearance of the tergum readily dis- tinguishes this species from populàtor, Nob. which it re- - sembles. It has a general resemblance to B. initiátor, Fabr. 3. B. hebétor. Black; head, thoracic lines, tibie and base of the abdomen honey-yellow. Inhabits Indiana. Body black, polished: Aead pale honey-yellow; an- tennz, region of the stemmata, of the antenne and spot on the hypostoma, black: mandibles robust, black at tip : thorax with two obsolete, piceous, oblique lines confluent at the middle and terminating in a spot each side of the scutel: wings dusky, nervures black; stigma rather large ; nervure from the stigma, oblique to the 2d cubital : abdomen depressed, oblong-ovate: cove, knees and base of the tibie, yellowish-white: oviduct shorter than the abdomen. d$ Abdomen whitish at an i ` Length nearly one tenth of an inch. The antenn of the male are 22-jointed and find " the female are short, more robust, fourteen-jointed. short, thoracie piceous lines have sometimes a = appearance by being continued around the scutel. y North American Hymenoptera. 253 4. B. dorsátor. Yellowish, antenne, three thoracic lines and tip of the tergum, black. Inbabits Indiana. — Body yellowish, somewhat fulvous, a little polished : antenne short, rather robust, Black ; area of the stemmata blackish: thorax with three distant black, short lines, the anterior one shortest and impressed: wings hyaline, slightly dusky towards the base ; cellules regular ; nerv- "ures brownish ; stigma triangular, yellow-brown : tergum with a black dot on the first segment, and dusky on the disk or towards the tip: pleura with a blackish line be- hind the wing: pectus blackish on the disk: feet with the tarsi dusky at tip. | 9 Oviduet half as long as the abdomen. Length to the tip of the wings less than three twen- tieths of an inch. Much like hebétor, but is somewhat larger and more robust ; it may be distinguished at first by its lighter color. As in that species the first cubital cellule is wider by one third than the second at their junction, and the latter is hardly as long as the first, in either sex. — 5. B. argutàtor. Honey-yellow ; antenne, terminal joint of the tarsi and oviduct, black. : Inhabits Indiana. 9 Body honey-yellow, somewhat polished : antenne black: mandibles piceous: hypostoma with a transverse, dilated indentation : stemmata blackish: thorax immacu- late : wings very slightly tinged with dusky ; nervures blackish ; stigma yellowish in the middle; second cubital cellule as long or rather longer than the first, and nearly as wide at their junction: tergum of a rather paler yel- low than the thorax, and opake with minute punctures ^u granules, oblong-oval: oviduct black, half as long as the abdomen : fars?, terminal joint blackish. 254 Say’s Descriptions of Length to tip of wings over three twentieths of an inch. Of the same general habit with iibi but is consid- erably larger, and may, be known at once apart from it, by the equality, at their junction, of the Ist and 2d cubital cellules, by the punctured tergum, &c. 6. B. vestitor. With prostrate hairs; basal joint of the tergum bi-sinuate at tip. Inhabits Mexico. @ Body with very numerous, minute, prostrate hairs : head blackish, with dilated dull fulvous orbits ; before the antenne more prominent than ‘above, and convex: antenne dull yellowish: thorax dull fulvous, with three dilated black lines, of which the middle one is abbre- viated before the middle: metathorax dusky : wings hya- line: tergum yellowish, somewhat polished towards the tip; lateral edge dusky ; first segment at tip bi-sinuate or three-angled: feet paler: thighs a little dusky. < Length of the body three twentieths of an inch. Somewhat resembles the preceding, but the hairy ves- ture distinguishes it from all the foregoing species. ~ 7. B. scrutàtor. Yellowish; with prostrate hairs; Ist joint of the tergum bi-sinuate at tip, black at base. Inhabits Indiana. 9 Rather dull honey-yellow, with minute hairs : head more prominent and paler beneath the antenne: antenne dull yellowish: stemmata black: thorax with a slender black line each side: pleura with a black oblique line under the wings: metathorax black: wings hyaline; nervures pale brownish ; stigma yellowish at base; 2d cubital cellule shorter and narrower than the first: tergum elongate sub-obovate, black at base, this color extending paler on each side; middle of the disk towards the base North American Hymenoptera. _ 955 pale yellow extending on the tip of the first segment, which is sub-bisinuate or slightly three-angled; second segment as well as the first with an elevated line: oviduct not exserted beyond the tip of the abdomen, black. d Third and following segments of the tergum annulate with black ; no elevated line on the tergum, nor three angled appearance of the tip of the first segment. Length less than one fifth of an inch. Resembles vestitor, but is more slender, larger, and differently marked. 8. B. rugulósus. Honey-yellow ; head, breast and three lines on the thorax black. Inhabits Indiana. Body honey-yellow: head with rather wide and slightly impressed punctures, which on the front are transversely confluent into minute ruge: mouth. obscure piceous: antenne obscure piceous, black towards the tip: thorax somewhat tinged with sanguineous, and with three, abbreviated, blackish vitte; behind the interme- diate vitta is a rugous space, with a slightly elevated line: wings hyaline; nervures. and carpus blackish; cubital cellules three ; metathorax rugous, with an ele- vated line: abdomen longitudinally rugous, oblong ; with three larger segments, decreasing in length; and three smaller ones at tip, taken together hardly longer than the third: pectus in the middle black. Length one fourth of an inch. The magnitude of the three basal segments of the abdomen is remarkable in this species. 9. B. transvérsus. Granulated; nervure from the stigma nearly transverse. Inhabits Indiana. 256 Say’s Descriptions of Body densely punctured or granulated ; blackish-pice- ous: antenne, mouth and feet honey-yellow : wings hya- line; nervures brown ; stigma large; nervure from the stigma to the second cubital cellule nearly transverse, so as to make the three angles at its contact, equal: tergum dull honey-yellow at base; first segment with two pro- minent, parallel lines; second segment occupying three fourths of the whole surface: oviduct shorter than the abdomen. Length over one twentieth of an inch. The whole surface has a minutely granulated appear- ance, and the nervure from the'stigma is more than usually transverse, having but a very slight obliquity. In having but two principal segments to the abdomen, this species approaches the genus Sraarpmus, but the venter is not deeply vaulted as in that genus. 10. B. mellitor. Honey-yellow ; antenne dusky. Inhabits Indiana. ^ - 9 Body honey-yellow, polished: antenne dusky : thorax immaculate : wings hyaline; nervures fuscous ; stigma yellowish at base; 2d cubital cellule as long as the first, but somewhat narrower than the greatest ` of the latter: tergwm short, oval, not polished ; paler than the thorax, with minute, prostrate hairs; secon Segment with an indented dot each side: oviduct black, as long as the abdomen : tarsi, terminal joint blackish. Length of the body three twentieths of an inch. The wing-stigma is sometimes almost entirely black. North American Hymenoptera. Q57 tt Separating nervure arcuated ; second cubital cellule elongated ; the nervure from the stigma inserted at its middle. CELEREON. ` 11. B. inescator. Pale dull yellowish ; palpi and feet whitish. Inhabits Indiana. 9? Body dull yellow, with a slight intermixture of honey-yellow, immaculate: antenna blackish towards the tip: mandibles piceous at tip: wings hyaline, with a very slight dusky tinge, and yellowish at base ; nervures of the middle of the wing and disk of the stigma fuscous : abdomen oblong sub-obovate: oviduct black, hardly half the length of the abdomen: palpi long, white: feet white. Length of the body two twenty-fifths of an inch. 12. B. pullàtor. Black; abdomen at base and feet yellowish. - Inhabits Indiana. 9 Body black, a little polished :. antenne towards the base obscure yellowish, first joint pale honey-yellow : mouth. pale piceous : mandibles at tip blackish ; wings hyaline ; ; nervures brownish; stigma fuscous: tergum oblong sub-obovate, disk near the base dark honey-yel- low: ‘oviduct longer than the abdomen, black : feet pale honey-yellow. Length less than one tenth of an inch. 13. B. honéstor, Nob. Contr. Macl. Lyc. vol. I. p. 78, belongs also to this subdivision 14. B. paulilor. Black ; abdomen: short ; feet whit- ish. Inhabits Indiana. Body black: head large: antenne fuscous, obviously longer than the body : mandibles yellowish: palpi white: 34 VOL. I Cw III. A 258 Say’s Descriptions of wing's hyaline ; stigma elongated, slender ; second cubital cellule elongated, having the nervure from the stigma in- serted at about one third its length: abdomen short: oviduct very short: feet honey-yellow, a little dusky towards their tips. Length less than one twentieth of an inch. The second cubital cellule is elongated, but the de- scending nervure from the stigma is inserted considerably behind the middle. ttt Separating nervure between the radial and cubital cellules reclivate. XONEURON. 15. B. viátor. Sanguineous; antenne, vertex, wings and pectus black. ; Inhabits Indiana. Body rather pale sanguineous: antenne, vertex and dilated frontal spot, part of the hypostoma and mouth, black: thorax with indented lines ; a black spot on the middle sometimes obsolete or wanting: metathorax be- hind black: wings blackish-fuliginous ; nervures robust, black ; stigma and costal nervure honey-yellow : pleura, pectus and core black; the former sanguineous near the wings: tars? at tip blackish: abdomen depressed. ngth one fourth of an inch. This species and the following differ from the type of the genus Bracon in the form of the radial and third cubital cellules, in consequence of the arcuation of the separating nervure. - It is much like populàtor, Nob., but — other char- acters it may be distinguished by the yellowish carpal spot and costal nervure, which are always black in the populator. 16. B. populàtor, Nob. Long's Exp. to St. Peters, Appendix, p. 323, belongs to this subdivision. F North American Hymenoptera. 259 17. B; tibiàtor, Nob. ibid, p. 322, also of this subdi- vision. i 18. B. mper. Black; feet partly rufous. Inhabits Indiana. Body black, polished; with small, prostrate hairs : thorax with the impressed lines not remarkably dilated ; the transverse one punctured: wings dusky, stigma phe large : feet black ; thighs rufous, excepting a small portion at base, posterior pair entirely rufous; tibie rufous, black at tip. Length three twentieths of an inch. The thorax and head are much less hairy than those of tibidtor, Nob., and that insect has the wings dusky at tip only ; the present also is a smaller species. H1 Second cubital cellule confluent with the third. ALIOLUS. : Abdomen of three principal segments. ` 19. B. trilobàtus. Yellowish-rufous ; thorax and ver- tex black. ` rabits Indiana. rufous, tinged with yellowish : head black on the vertex: antenna blackish, excepting the two or three basal joints ; about as long as the body : mandibles black at tip: thorax somewhat trilobate, black, with an obsolete rufous central spot: scutel black: wings hya- line; nervures and robust carpus black; second cubital cellule confluent with the third ; inferior discoidal cellule half as large as the central one: posterior tibie dusky except at base: core yellowish: abdomen oblong sub- ovate, short, dusky at tip ; densely punctured, with three . segments, decreasing in length; a small, almost concealed terminal segment. Length a one fifth of an inch. 260 Say’s Descriptions of "The cubital cellules are but two, the second transverse nervure being entirely wanting, and the nervure forming the anal side of the cubital cellules is very slender; the other nervures being quite robust. If the genera through- out this order, are to be divided as in the TENTHREDINETÆ, I would propose the separation of this and the following species, under the generic name of Ari1oLus. The character of the abdomen agrees with this genus ; but the neuration of the wings seems to agree rather better with MICROGASTER. 20. B. thoracicus. Black; thorax and feet honey- ellow. Inhabits Indiana. Q Head thorax honey-yellow, with two oblique, lineated grooves; suture before the scutel much dilated, and profound: wings hyaline; radial cellule with the nervure as distinct as the others, regularly arcuated, without any angulation; second cubital cellule much dilated and destitute of the exterior nervure: meta- thorax black: abdomen minutely punctured or lineated at base, polished towards the tip, oval; second incisure indistinct: oviduct longer than the abdomen: feet honey- yellow. Length less than one tenth of an inch. Microgeaster, Latr. 1. M. énsiger. Black; feet and each side of the base of the abdomen yellowish. Inhabits Indiana. 9 Body black, with dilated punctures and minute hairs: mouth honey-yellow : palpi white: thorax with a yellow wing-scale; suture before the scutel impressed - North American Hymenoptera. 261 and with elevated lines: wings hyaline; nervures fus- cous, light brownish towards the base ; stigma triangular, fuscous ; second cubital cellule destitats of the exterior nervure ; terminal nervures obsolete: tergum with large dicso-set punctures ; towards the tip somewhat polished ; first segment with a yellow lateral margin, dilating a little towards the tip; third segment with a yellow point. on the lateral margin: abdomen each side and beneath, except at tip, yellowish: oviduct black, nearly as long as the abdomen, with rather long hairs: feet honey-yellow ; posterior tibiz, excepting at base, black: posterior tarsi blackish, with the incisures pale. $ Coxe and anterior pairs of tibie and tarsi whitish ; posterior tibie at tip only, dusky, at the extreme base whitish ; second cubital cellule complete ; terminal wing- nervures distinct. ngth g over one tenth, Q less than three twentieths of an inch. 2. M. méllipes. Black; inns with oblique, lined sutures ; feet honey-yellow. Inhabits Indiana. / d Body black: hypostoma somewhat prominent along the middle: stemmata rather prominent: antenne be- neath towards the base piceous: mandibles honey-yel- low: palpi blackish or fuscous: thorax with two oblique impressed lines confluent behind, in which are several transverse lines; and a transverse more dilated one at the base of the suture: wings hyaline ; nervure of the radial cellule as distinct as the others; second cubital cellule destitute of its terminal nervure ; apicial nervures less distinct than the discoidal ones, but not obsolete: tergum somewhat fusiform, polished, a little hairy at base and tip: venter at base honey-yellow, pale: thighs and cone honey-yellow: tibie and tarsi dusky. ï Peete i s e CN 262 Say’s Descriptions of Length nearly three twentieths of an inch. Distinguished at once from the énsiger by the oblique thoracic lines. 3. M. xylina. Tergum at tip polished; sides of the venter yellowish. Inhabits Indiana. Body black, much punctured: antenne brownish be- neath: palpi white: thorax destitute of oblique lines, but with the transverse, dilated, deeply indented groove at base of the scutel, having small raised lines within, which are not very obvious : wings hyaline : nervure of the radial cellule obsolete at base ; second cubital cellule destitute of the exterior nervure: stigma triangular, fus- cous : tergum oblong-oval, punctured, glabrous, and pol- ished at tip; basal segment rather rough, the lateral edge a little elevated and dull yellowish; venter each side, at tip, dull yellowish: oviduct not exserted be- yond the tip of the abdomen : feet honey-yellow, tips of the posterior thighs above slightly blackish. Length nearly one tenth of an inch. It resembles the énsiger very much in its markings, but the oviduct is not exserted. Great numbers are de- posited together, and they ultimately spin their cocoons and envelope them with an exquisitely fine silky sub- stance, which has been called ‘ animal cotton.” 4. M.congregata. Black; thorax destitute of oblique, lined sutures ; abdomen elongate, subfusiform. - Inhabits Pennsylvania. = & Body black: mandibles and palpi white: thorax destitute of oblique, lined sutures; transverse suture at base of the scutel dilated, profound: wings hyaline; radial cellule with the nervure as obvious as the others ; second cubital cellule rounded, destitute of the exterior North American Hymenoptera. 263 nervure; apicial nervures obsolete: stigma triangular, fuscous: abdomen oblong, subfusiform, more polished than the thorax ; Ist and 2d joints densely punctured or minutely lineated ; the first joint pedunculiform, arcuated, narrower than the second: venter along the middle pale yellowish: feet honey-yellow : posterior tibie at tip and posterior tarsi dusky. Length over one tenth of an inch. Resembles méllipes, but the thorax has not the oblique, lineated grooves; and the abdomen is more elongated, and*slender at base. This basal segment, like that of méllipes, has a slight tubercle on each side. In June, 1822, I obtained eighty-four individuals of this species from the larva of a SPHYNX. 5. M. zonaria. Black; feet and band on the tergum yellowish. Inhabits Indiana. 9 Body black, punctured: antenne fuscous ; beneath piceous, dull ; basal joint beneath honey-yellow: mouth honey-yellow : palpi white: wings hyaline: radial cel- w lule with the nervure not strongly marked; second cubital cellule very small, perfect: abdomen not elongat- ed; each side and band on the middle of the tergum honey-yellow: oviduct half the length of the abdomen, black: feet yellowish ; posterior pair of tarsi dusky. Length one tenth of an inch. ` The fasciated tergum is an obvious character. 6. M. carpáta. Black; stigma large, brown; feet honey-yellow. Inhabits Indiana. 9 Body black: antenne beneath and mouth piceous : palpi white: thorax with the suture before the scutel not much dilated, but having the cross lines: wings hya- 264 ! Say’s Descriptions of line; nervures whitish: stigma large, triangular, light brown ; nervure of the radial cellule not visible, or. but slightly towards the tip; second cubital cellule destitute of the exterior nervure: tergum oval, somewhat polished; first segment punctured: oviduct nearly or quite as long as the abdomen: feet honey-yellow : wing-scale yellow. Length over one tenth of an inch. The stigma of this insect is larger and the nervures paler than those of any other species I have seen. 7. M. bisstigmata. Stigma elongated, appearing double. ` b Inhabits Indiana. | d Body black, polished: antenme at base and mouth piceous: thorax with two oblique sutures and one at the base of the scutel: wings hyaline; nervures pale brown- ish; nervure of the radial cellule as distinct as the others, rectilinear, parallel with the rectilinear part of the costal edge; second cubital cellule destitute of the exterior nervure; stigma much elongated, the length being obvi- ously more than three times the greatest breadth, brown ; a stigma-like spot at the origin of the nervures of the dis- coidal cellule on the costal margin much smaller and dis- tinct. from the stigma: abdomen elongate, subclavate, being slender at base : feet pale honey-yellow. Length about one tenth of an inch. The much elongated stigma and the small spot which precedes it, being larger and more separate than usual, readily distinguish this species. .. 8. M. calliptera. Wings yellowish at base, bifasciate ith blackish. Inhabits Indiana. € Stethidium black : feet honey-yellow : wings, at base and stigma- yellowish ; a blackish band upon the two North American Hymenoptera. 265 discoidal cellules ; and another blackish band across the stigma, along the descending nervure to the small second cubital and continued dilating to the anal margin, where it is almost confluent with the other band ; terminal third hyaline ; inferior wings blackish, yellowish on the basal third, this color extending along the costal margin. This is larger than either of the preceding species. Cuetonvs, Jur. 1. C. parvus. Black; base of the antenne, and ante- rior thighs yellowish. ! Inhabits Indiana. Body densely punctured: antenna, first joint beneath . honey-yellow : palpi whitish : thorax with dilated punc- tures, particularly on the disk and anteriorly: scutel and metathorax with dilated punctures; the latter truncate behind: wings hyaline ; nervures blackish, pale at base ; stigma large ; second cubital cellule small, subtriangular : without apparent sutures ; densely punctured ; the punctures longitudinally conligèrt into which are more prominent at base: venter profoundly concave, excavated: core black: trochanters whitish : thighs, anterior pair honey-yellow ;- the other pairs blackish : tibie whitish, posterior pairs blackish at tip: tarsi whitish. Length over one tenth of an inch. The neuration of the wings corresponds with the den- tàtus, F., but the abdomen exhibits no more appearance of divisions than that of sulcátus, Jur., and the venter is very profoundly excavated. "The metathoracic spines are very short and obtuse. 2. C. sericeus, Nob. Sroaencs, 1 Long’s Ex. to St. VOL. I.—PART III. 266 ` Say’s Descriptions of - Peter's, II. p. 321.) Agreeably to the generic charac- ers given by Jurine, this species as well as the following belongs to this genus, on account of the undivided abdo- men: still, however, the dentàtus, F., which has two distinct sutures on the tergum, is also referred by some modern naturalists to this genus. 3. C. basilaris, Nob. (SicaLpnvs, ibid. p. 322.) much like parvus, Nob., but is larger, the 2d joint of the an- tenne, mandibles, and feet except at tip, are pale yel- lowish. Dirrorrris, Geoff. Leach. (Antenne filiform, joints cylindric. ‘Three cubital cellules.) 1. D. armatus.. Black; antennæ and feet ferrugin- ous ; scutel with a conic iy È Inhabits Indiana. Body black, polished : antenna EU first joint not longer than the third, black ; second joint globular, black; third and following joints cylindrical, subequal; terminal joint rather longest: scutel with a prominent comic, acute spine: wings hyaline ; nervures pale brown- ish: feet honey-yellow: venter on the inferior edge honey-yellow : thorax with two grooves : collar and first segment of the tergum with close-set raised lines. Length to tip of wings three twentieths of an inch. The scutellar spine is very prominent, elevated and obvious, as in Fierres ediogaster, Panz. but the thorax is not so much sculptured as in that species. 2. D. 5-lineátus. Back; feet rufous ; sone yh à spine. Inhabits Indiana. North American Hymenoptera. 267 Body black, polished: antenne, first joint rather shorter than the third: scutel rough with about five raised lines; at tip a broad, compressed, carinate, sub- acute spine: wings hyaline; nervures brown: pleura and first joint of the tergum with close-set raised lines: feet, excepting the inferior surface of the thighs, dull honey-yellow. Length three twentieths of an saeh Aside from the color of the antennz and of the inférior surface of the thighs, the scutel differs from that of the preceding species in being rugose, or with about five ele- vated lines, and its terminal spine is much broader at the base and less conic. 3. D. impütiens. Black; feet ferruginous ; scutel mutic. Inhabits Indiana. Body black, polished, ofieolerely tinted with piceous: antenne piceous-blackish: mandibles ferruginous: scutel with the margin deeply depressed and rugose ; the disk elevated, oval, with an acute edge, within which, on the posterior half, is an indentation and a more slight indenta- tion before it, each side of which are two or three punc- tures: wings hyalie, nérvures pale brown: abdomen acute at the tip of the tergum : feet ferruginous or rather piceous. Length three twentieths of an inch. 4. D. pedàtus. Black; feet yellowish; antenne piceous ; third E long. 7 ` ` Tnhabits Indian Body pane. Vidua; black: antenne yellow- ish-picéous ; Ist joint not much longer than the second; third joint much longest, equal to the 4th and 5th to- gether, and a little arcuated ; remaining joints subequal, 268 Say’s Descriptions of oval-cylindric : nasus with a longitudinal indentation each . side before: mandibles piceous: thorax without dorsal grooves, but a simple one over the wings: wings with a very slight obscure tint; nervures brown: feet honey- yellow. Length ¢ less than one twelfth of an inch. Differs from the two preceding species by the elon- gated third joint of the antenne. 5. D. stigmatus. Black; feet yellowish ; wings with a large stigma. Inhabits Indiana. : Body polished, black: antenne piceous ; basal joint yellowish ; second joint closely united to the first, short- est, almost spherical ; 2d and 3d joints subequal: wings hyaline, nervures yellowish ; stigma large, triangular: abdomen dull rufous : feet pale honey-yellow. Length about one twentieth of an inch. Fierres, Latr. (Antenne moniliform, thicker towards their extremities. Second cubital cellule wanting.) 1. F. impàtiens. Black; mandibles and feet piceous. Inhabits Indiana. 9 Body polished black: antenne piceous-black, two thirds the length of the body, with scattered hairs; be- yond the sixth joint moniliform ; terminal joint ovate conic: mandibles piceous ; area of the stemmata a little elevated ; behind which, on the occiput, are oblique im- Lun swear ihe margin depressed and rugose, the disk oval, the edge obscurely piceous, with an indentation behind, within the edge: wings hyaline ; yellowish : Jeet piceous.. Length three twentieths of an inch. North American Hymenoptera. 269 I am by no means satisfied with the only essential characters I can find of the genera DiIPL0LEPIS and _ Fierres. The present species closely resembles the DiPLorEPis impatiens, Nob. The scutel has an indent- ation as in scutellaris, Latr. and some other species. 2. F. méllipes. Black; feet honey-yellow ; wings ciliate. Inhabits Indiana. 9 Body black, polished: mouth piceous: antenne a little hairy, piceous : wings hairy and ciliate; more par- ticularly ciliate at- tip; nervures piceous: feet honey- yellow, somewhat paler at base and including the coxæ. Length one twenty-fifth of an inch. Levcosris, Fabr. L. fratérna. 9, Black, varied with yellow ; oviduct longer than the abdomen. Inhabits Indiana. Body black, densely punctured: head with an obscure silvery reflection before and on the front in the cavity of the antenne bright green; vertex varied with obscure violet and greenish: antenne, basal joint yellow ante- riorly : collar margined each. side and behind with yel- low and with a yellow transverse abbreviated line on the anterior middle: thorax with an abbreviated line over the and a transverse one on the scutel yellow : wings somewhat fuliginous: pleura with an oblique, yellow line over the posterior feet: tergum, first segment with a dull ferruginous-yellow band at base and a subterminal yellow one; on the middle of the tergum on each side a transverse gel spot; a yellow band on the posterior submargin of the penultimate segment; and a double 270 Say’s Descriptions of yellow spot at tip of the ultimate segment: oviduct longer than the abdomen, reaching almost to the scutel: tarsi and anterior tibie ferruginous, the latter dusky on the middle: intermediate tibia and knees yellow, tinted with ferruginous behind : posterior thighs dentated beneath, yellow at base and tip; tibie yellow before, somewhat ferruginous behind. Length seven twentieths of an inch. d Tergum on each side anterior to the middle, a slightly carinated line ; lateral yellow spot on the middle none; a yellow band on the middle-or a little posterior to the middle, and towards the tip another yellow. band ; on the posterior declivity is an abbreviated longitu- dinal yellow line or spot; sides with a yellow spot or line interrupted from the extremities of the two posterior bands; of these two spots the anterior one is sometimes wanting, and in some speeimens is a lateral yellow point near the tip. Length three tenths of an inch. Closely resembles affinis, Nob. in color and markings, but besides other differences the present species is larger and more robust, and the oviduet is longer than the abdo- men. A female specimen was sent me by Dr. Harris, and I obtained several males and one female in this State. Dr. Harris’s specimen varies in having only a rudiment of the yellow spot of the middle of the tergum. ` | T have obtained them chiefly on the blossoms of the e Cnarors, Fabr. Latr.- l. C. amena. Yellow; variegated with black. Inhabits Indiana. o gish North American Hymenoptera. 271 Body with large, close-set punctures ; yellow, slightly tinged with green: occiput and antenne, excepting the basal joint beneath, black: thorax quadrilineate with black, the intermediate lines confluent at the middle, and all united by a transverse line behind and by a slender transverse line at the suture of the first segment, on which the lines do not extend; scutel with a longitudinal black line: metathorax, -excepting at base, black: abdomen, petiole black, about one third as long as the abdomen: tergum moderately arcuated ; each segment having a black band: pleura black, about four yellow spots: pos- terior pair of feet with their coxa at tip, maculated band, inferior edge and tip of the dilated thighs, tip and base of the tibie, black ; the thighs are about the size of the abdomen, with six or eight large prominent black spines, the superior one divided into three or four. ` = Length less than one fifth of an inch. A very handsome species; Ï obtained it from the pupa of a THECLA. Reo. débilis.... ae | honey-yellow ; anterior pts of feet whitish. -- Inhabits Indiana. Front yellowish. towards the a A a black line from the antenne to the vertex: antenna dusky, paler beneath: thorax. punctured, with three black vitte ; seutel with a black. line: beneath the petiole are two whitish spines: petiole as long as the posterior coxe, blackish, whitish at the tips: abdomen polished, the incisures black- ish: posterior feet; coxz with a black line on the inner side ; thighs nearly: equal to the abdomen ; tibia whitish, blackish im the middle ; tarsi white. Length three essi ak of an inch. 272 Say’s Descriptions of Evryroma, Illig. Latr. 1. E. orbiculata. Blackish; feet, excepting the mid- dle of the thighs, yellowish. Inhabits Indiana. Body brassy-black, reticulate with punctures: antenna, first joint honey-yellow: scutel obtusely rounded at tip ; suture at its base not dilated: wings hyaline; nervures brown, branch of the radial nervure not longer than the part that extends beyond it on the edge: abdomen in profile almost orbicular, glabrous, polished; petiole punctured, longer than the posterior coxe and trochan- ters: feet honey-yellow: thighs, excepting at their origin and extremity, black. Length less than one tenth of an inch. The joints of the antenne are unequally gibbous. 2. E. studidsa. Black ; terminal joint of the antenne as long as the two preceding ones together. Inhabits Indiana. Q Body reticulate with crowded punctures: antenne moniliform, of eight joints, geniculate; second joint shortest; 3d joint hardly longer than the 4th, and gnidually a little shorter to the penultimate; ultimate joint about as long as the two preceding ones together, conic-ovate, with a very slight appearance of being three- jointed: thorax, anterior segment in breadth at least equal to twice the length; suture at the scutel not dilated: scutel obtusely rounded behind: wings hya- line; nervure much arcuated from the edge, its conflu- m with the edge about as long as the branch, which is subclavate: abdomen polished, impunctured ; above oval; laterally orbicular ; peduncle shorter than the posterior cor» and GOA: knees and tips of the tibie honey- North American Hymenoptera. , 79 yellow: tarsi, particularly the two posterior pairs, whit- ish. ‘Length less than one tenth of an inch. Evrornvs, Geoff. Latr. 1. E. dicladus. Blackish metallic; tibi; and_ tarsi white. Inhabits Indiana. ! — Body brassy-blackish, more or less tinged with cupre- ous, punctured: antenne larger towards the tip; ter- minal joint larger than the preceding one, conic-com- pressed ; two long slender branches, originating near the base and nearly as long as the antenne: tergum tinged each side with green: feet blackish: tibie and tarsi white. Length nearly one twentieth of an inch. The terminal joint of the antenne in the female is considerably larger than the others. 2. E. basdlis. Greenish; feet, tip and base of the antenne white. Inhabits Indiana. x Body granulated, brassy-green, with a slight viola- ceous reflection : antenne yellow-white, 3d, 4th and 5th joints dusky: abdomen blackish-violaceous, basal disk whitish, and a small whitish spot at tip: feet white, in- eluding the anterior coxe: coze with a small, acute tubercle before: farsi, terminal joint dusky. Length about one fifteenth of an inch. I observed a number of the pupz of this insect, con- gregated together on the under side of a leaf of the button-wood (PraTawus occidentalis, L.). They were of a blackish color, and adhered to abe leaf in a vertical VOL. I.—PART III. 274 Say’s Descriptions of posture, by the extremity of the abdomen. Came out last of June. This is much like E. damicérnis, Kirby, which, how- ever, has a shade in the middle of the wings; antenne not shaded in the middle and the posterior thighs of the female are dusky in the middle. I have five females, but not one male. The last joint of the antennz is evidently divided into three segrnents. 3. E. hircinus. Black, with sparse, long hairs; feet and base of the tergum yellowish. Inhabits Indiana. Body black: antenne yellowish; terminal joints dusky: mouth yellowish: thorax, head and wings at base, with long sparse hairs: wing-scale honey-yellow : tergum on the basal disk yellowish: feet, including the coxe, pale yellow: venter on the disk yellowish. Length over one twentieth of an inch. Quite distinct from the preceding by the long hairs of the head and thorax. PEriILAMPUS, Latr. P. platigaster. Blackish ; face impunctured. Inhabits Indiana. Body brassy-blackish, punctured : head polished, im- punctured before : occiput somewhat lineated transverse- ly ; before the eyes a little punctured: thorax with a glabrous, polished line each side: scutel short, obtuse, — —— emarginate at tip: wings hyaline; wn : tergum quadrate, angulated each side, atipi gin above, shining blackish: feet blackish, with a tinge of green : tarsi yellowish. North American Hymenoptera. 275 Length about three twentieths of an inch. Differs from P. hyalinus, Nob. by color; and in that species the face is very obviously punctured, the scutel is larger and more acutely emarginated, and the abdomen is elevated above, into an acute, transverse ridge. Torymus, Dalm.. (Misocampus, Klug.) 1. T. ocreàtus. Green, tinged with blue; base of the antenne, tibie and tarsi whitish. Inhabits Indiana. Body bright green, more or less tinged on the pleura, abdomen and thighs with blue or purplish; reticulately punctured: antenne black ; first jomt before, dull whit- ish; mandibles and palpi piceous: scutel, on the poste- ror half with very small punctures: wings hyaline ; nervure brown: abdomen polished, impunctured; ter- minal joint 9 brassy: oviduct as long as the body, fus- cous: fibie and tarsi whitish. Length one tenth of an inch. Resembles bedeguáris, F. but is smaller, the abdomen and thighs differently colored, and the minute punctura- tion of the posterior half of the scutel strongly contrasts with the larger discoidal punctures of the basal half. It inhabits the receptacle of a Liarris. The male has generally more of the purple tinge. 2. T. pávidus. Cupreous-green ; no large punctures ; tibie and tarsi yellowish. Inhabits Indiana. Body coppery-greenish, with the appearance of minute granules or scales: antenne black: hypostoma with the carinate line very distinct: mandibles piceous: wings hyaline ; nervure pale brownish : abdomen bluish-green: 276 Say’s Descriptions of feet honey-yellow: thighs bluish-green ; posterior pair of tarsi whitish. | Length d nearly one tenth of an inch. The surface has no large and obvious punctures like those which distinguish the preceding. Sparasion, Latr. S. famélicus. Slender ; abdomen longitudinally line- ated. Inhabits Indiana. Body much elongated, very slender; with small punc- tures ; black: antenna, six basal joints dull yellowish, remaining joints close-set; 2d and 3d joints equal : man- dibles piceous: thorax with the anterior segment arcu- ated, each side to the wings; two distant, dorsal, longi- tudinal, impressed lines: wings hyaline; nervure not distant from the edge, branch divaricating from the edge, not dilated at its tip: metathorax with longitudinal, ele- vated lines: abdomen elongated, with numerous, longitu- » parallel, elevated lines both on the tergum and ven- _ ter: feet honey-yellow. Length over three twentieths of an inch. Crraruron, Jur. Latr. 1. C. armàtus. Wings fuliginous in the middle ; ter- gum striate at base. Inhabits Indiana. Body black, with rather distant punctures: thorax with three longitudinal lines before, approaching behind: wings fuliginous in the mem nervure, carpal spot and i: robust, fuscous ; the carpal spot or stigma rather x North American Hymenoptera. 277 large and truncated : scutel with two small spines at tip: metathorax with a small spine or tubercle each side: tergum depressed, with numerous close-set engraved lines extending to the middle of the length: feet pice- ous: thighs blackish. Length more than one tenth of an inch. A very distinct species. 2. C. stigmatus. Lateral margin of the tergum ex- tending beyond the abdomen. Inhabits Indiana. Body black, minutely punctured : antenne, first joint equal to the four following joints taken together: thorax, anterior segment with the three impressed lines distinct: wings hyaline ; stigma large, semi-orbicular, brown; nerv- ure of the incomplete radial cellule robust, brown, hardly longer than the stigma: tergum polished, slightly lineated at base ; the segments extending each side beyond those of the vie» : anterior and intermediate tibie and tarsi piceous. Length over one twentieth of an inch. These two species belong to the second division of Jurine's CERAPHRON. £3 Proctotrurss, Latr. 1. P. obsolétus. Black; feet and antenne honey- yellow.. Inhabits Indiana. Body polished, black: antenne ‘honey-yellow, sim- ple: palpi white: thorax with a yellowish wing-scale : wings hyaline ; nervure from the radial cellule continued to the middle of the wing; discoidal and anal nervures hardly distinct: feet honey-yellow: oviduct about as a 278 => Says Descriptions of long as the first joint of the posterior tarsi, gradually attenuating from the abdomen to the tip, and continuing the curve of the tergum downward. Length to the tip of the oviduct nearly one fifth of an inch. ç 2. P. abráptus. Black; feet and first joints of the antennz honey-yellow. . Inhabits Indiana. Body polished, black: antenne rather short, with close-set, short, obvious hairs; two or three basal joints very obscurely honey-yellow or piceous; joints beyond the middle not twice the length of their breadth : mouth obscurely piceous: wings hyaline; nervure of the radial cellule not extended toward the middle of the wing ; dis- coidal and anal nervures not obvious; wing-scale dull yellowish: feet honey-yellow: oviduct curved rapidly downward, almost deflected, not gradually attenuated, but somewhat cylindric at base, and hardly longer than the basal joint of the posterior tarsi. Length one tenth of an inch. _ 3. P. pallidus, Nob. (Contrib. Macl. Lyc: vol. L p. This species is remarkable in having but a very short, bifid process extending from the tip of the abdomen. The sexes are not well understood. Jurine says that the antenne have the same number of joints and that the pointed valves which terminate the abdomen are nearly alike in both sexes. But the present insect leads me to Suppose that the male has not been hitherto known. At the extremity of its abdomen are two, very short, parallel filiform processes, which are probably characteristic of the male sex in this genus. It seems, therefore, possible that the pallidus may prove to be of the same species as 279 P. caudátus, Nob. notwithstanding their great apparent difference. But this cannot be determined without more specimens, and a better acquaintance with them both. Since the above was written, I have obtained many specimens of this species, all corresponding i in apparent sexual character, excepting that in some, the second joint of the antenne is so far immersed in the first, as to be hardly visible ; still as it is not, in any, much exserted, this character is probably dependent on the greater or less ae of contraction in drying. Cinetus, Jur. C. méllipes. Black; feet honey-yellow. Inhabits Indiana. , Body polished, black, hairy : antennœ fuscous; basal joint honey-yellow : vertex tinged with piceous: mouth obscure honey-yellow : thorar with two impressed lines: wings immaculate, ciliate; nervures of the radial cellule extended a little towards the base and centre of the ; the two anal nervures very distinct ; stigma not obvious? abdomen, peduncle with longitudinal, impressed lines; second segment very large, composing the chief part of the abdomen: feet honey-yellow. Length one tenth of an inch. Brruxuus, Latr. 1. B. celluléris. Black ; antennz, tarsi and anterior tibie piceous. Inhabits Indiana. Body black: head with a raised line passing between the antenne before: antenne piceous: wings with a very a A SW 280 Say’s Descriptions of slight tinge of fuliginous ; nervures yellowish ; stigma double, fuscous ; a small, additional, triangular cellule at the tip of the brachial cellules: abdomen polished : feet black: farsi and anterior pair of tibie and tarsi piceous. Length about one tenth of an inch. E This species is remarkable by the supernumerary cel- lule. 2. B. másculus. Black ; antenne and feet yellowish ; abdomen depressed. : Inhabits Indiana. Body somewhat polished, impunctured, black: antenne dusky, honey-yellow towards the base: mandibles honey- yellow: thorax with the anterior segment not much elongated ; dorsal impressed lines very obvious: wings hyaline ; radial nervure extended, equally distinctly near ` to the tip of the wing ; discoidal cellule none: metatho- rax minutely and densely punctured or granulated above, and minutely lineated each side: abdomen depressed, polished, piceous black, distinctly petiolated : feet honey- yellow: thighs a little dusky in the middle. Length over one twentieth of an inch. This is the smallest species I have met with. yellow. Inhabits Indiana. Body black, with scattered hairs : antenne, particu- larly at base, obscurely honey-yellow ; first joint long: thorax minutely punctured: metathorax punctured and lineated : tergum polished : feet dull honey-yellow. Length over one tenth of an inch. | 5 . This species and the following are remarkable for the brevity of the inflected tip of the radial nervure, which is not at all arcuated, but points obliquely inward. 3. B. pedatus. Black; antenne and feet honey- North 981 4. B. centrétus. Black; tarsi and tip of the tibie obscure piceous. Inhabits Indiana. Body black, polished, with scattered hairs: antenne with an obsolete piceous tint, excepting the basal joint: metathorax with discoidal punctures and lineations : wings hyaline ; two brachial cellules; a simple, short, oblique rectilinear inflection of the tip of the radial nervure poiuting towards the centre of the wing: nervures pale: tergum polished: tibie and tarsi obscure piceous; the latter blackish at tip. Length less than three twentieths of an inch. This species is considerably larger than the preceding and differs in the color of the antenne and of the feet. Cortera, Nob. ARTIFICIAL CHARACTER. Wings without nervures; superior wings folded and with a fissure at tip; abdomen of two segments. NATURAL CHARACTER. Body moderately slender: head longitudinally oblong, truncate or a little excavated before, over the insertion of the antenne: eyes lateral, rounded, entire: stemmata three: antenne submoniliform, gradully enlarging a little towards the tip; basal joint longest and dilated: wings without obvious nervures; superior wings large, folded longitudinally in two, and at the tip of the fold with a profound fissure ; inferior wings rather slender: abdomen composed of but two segments, of which the Mal one is . somewhat petioliform: feet moderate. VOL. I.—PART III. 31 He (CS — Say’s Descriptions of OBSERVATIONS. This new genus differs from all others with which I am acquainted, that have nerveless wings, by having the superior wings doubled, by an equal fold, and at their tips a deep and obvious fissure. I have, as yet, seen only the male. SPECIES. C. polita. Black; feet honey-yellow. Inhabits Indiana. Body polished, black : head anteriorly rugose and bi- angulated: antenne at base, excepting the first joint, piceous : thorax with two impressed lines: wings with short hairs and ciliate: abdomen oblong-oval, basal seg- ment with elevated lines. Length about one twelfth of an inch. Taken on the window July 20. Psirvs, Jur. 1. P. termindtus. Black; feet and base of the an- tenn honey-yellow. Inhabits Indiana. Body black, polished, with a few, rather long, scat- tered hairs: antenne thirteen-jointed, elongated, genicu- late between the second and third joints, honey-yellow ; first joint in a frontal groove; second joint elongated, subfusiform, third joint cyathiform; remaining joints moniliform, equal to the eleventh joint, which is abruptly dilated and with the twelfth equal, subquadrate, black ; thirteenth joint subequal to the preceding, globose-ovate, black: wings with short cilie, and with short hairs; p + vC UTE North American Hymenoptera. 283 nervures none; stigma triangular, black : abdomen dull honey-yellow at base ; first segment half as long as the thorax: feet honey-yellow. Length over one twentieth of an inch. Although the wings entitle this species to a place in Jurine’s Psitus, yet the antenne are entirely different from those of the type P. élegans, resembling consider- "ur those of his P. antennátus. . P. abdominális. Antenne clavate, as long as the a ; black, abdomen whitish. Inhabits Indiana. Body black: antenne broken at the second joint ; first joint one fourth the whole length, whitish ; second joint obconic ; terminal joint ovate-fusiform, longer than the three preceding joints together: wings very deeply ciliated: abdomen whitish, particularly at base: tarsi whitish. Length about one fortieth of an inch. 9. P. apicalis. Antenne at the tip of the head, which is a little prominent. Inhabits Indiana. Body black, polished : antenne as long as the body, fuscous, with subquadrately moniliform joints; basal long joint honey-yellow ; terminal joint not much longer than the preceding one; inserted at the tip of the head; be- neath the antennz is a rather broad prominence ; costal nervure but little less than half the length of the wing, triangular and black at its tip: feet honey-yellow: petiole distinct. _ Length one twenty-fifth of an inch. It is probable that the present insect is related to the P. cornàtus of Panzer, but I have not the means of com- paring. x _ Say’s Descriptions of d. P: oin Wings with a dusky dot before the middle. Inhabits Indiana. Body black, polished : antenne nearly as long as the body; terminal joint as long as the first and equal to the four preceding joints together: wings hyaline ; an oval, dusky spot a little beyond the tip of the costal nervure and extending nearly across the wing; costal nervure with its terminal half more dilated than the basal portion and blackish: tarsi and anterior pair of tibie honey- yellow. Length one twenty-fifth of an inch. Readily distinguished by the dusky wing-spot. AnTeon, Jur.’ A. tibialis. Black ; tibie and tarsi dull yellowish. Inhabits Indiana. Body polished, black : metathorax punctured and with longitudinal slightly elevated lines: tergum towards the tip with a few, rather long black hairs: tibie and tarsi dull yellowish-white. ngth about one tenth ofa an inch. Hepycurvm, Latr. l. H. obsolétum. Q Thorax on the disk very slightly punctured ; abdomen entire at tip. Inhabits Indiana. Body green, varied with purplish : thorax on the disk tinged with purple, and with sparse, slightly impressed punctures: wings fuliginous: metathorax and pleura with discoidal punctures, and a confluent blackish, double, in- North American Hymenoptera. dented spot behind: tergum with a purple reflection , less obvious on the posterior segment ; punctures slightly im- ressed, more obvious each side and on the terminal segment ; terminal segment about equal to the preceding, perfectly entire at tip: venter bronze: tarst brown. ength less than one fourth of an inch. Differs from ventrale, Nob., which has the terminal segment slightly longer than the preceding one and very obtusely and slightly emarginate at tip, and the thoracic punctures are not sparse on the disk ; the sinuósum, Nob. has a deep and acute emargination at tip of the terminal segment of the tergum. 2. H. spéculum. g Green; tergum and disk of the thorax impunctured. Inhabits Indiana. Body green, varied with purplish: antenne, excepting the first and second joints, blackish : head with discoidal punctures, vertex and posterior margin impunctured : thorax impunctured, polished, with an impressed, abbre- viated line each side of the middle: metathorax with discoidal punctures: wings fuliginous: tergum impunc- tured, polished; terminal segment hardly half as long as the preceding one, obsoletely punctured each side, at tip obtusely emarginate: tarsi pale honey-yellow: venter rassy. Length less than three twentieths of an inch. The smallest species I have yet met with in this country. Pyria, Lepel. & Serv. P. tridens, L. & P. Encyc. Meth. Curysis carinàta, Nob. Contrib. Macl. Lyc. p. 82. eR € 986 . Say's Descriptions of de Formica. L. A. First cubital cellule without recurrent nervure. 1. F. méllea. Honey-yellow ; scale truncate. Inhabits Louisiana. d Body entirely honey-yellow : eyes rather prominent, black, short oval: wings very slightly tinged with yel- low ; nervures yellow: scale robust, broad, truncate, and having a slight tubercle each side before, less than half the height of the abdomen and not higher than the length of its base. Length nine twentieths of an inch. Sent to me by Mr. Barabino. The small discoidal cellule, so distinct in the wing of F. rufa, F., does not exist in this species. : 2. F. lauta. 9 Body piceous, more or less varied with black; the piceous color prevails chiefly on the stethidium and mouth: mandibles with larger and regu- lar punctures; between the antennz a slender, impressed line: thorax with generally a black line each side: scutel darker than the thorax : wings with yellowish nervures ; no recurrent nervure; inferior nervure of the cubital cellule arising from the middle of the tip of the brachial - eellule; the terminal line of this latter cellule is nearly rectilinear and transverse; anal nervure rectilinear at base, angularly undulated and slightly communicating With the tip of the axillary nervure: abdomen black; first segment often piceous: feet honey-yellow: tibie and tarsi darker. ‘Length over three tenths of an inch. $ Entirely black, excepting the wings, which are like ‘those of the female: the thorax has a distinct, longitudinal impressed line before, which sometimes exists in the female, but less distinct. North American EOS. 287 Length over one fifth of an inch. | Inhabits Indiana. Common. 3. F. impáris. 9 Body light honey-yellow, impunc- tured: head small: eyes oval, black: mandibles, teeth black: wings very slightly tinged with fuliginous; no recurrent nervure ; terminal line of the brachial cellule angulated, the anal half being oblique; anal nervure robust to its tip, arcuated from its origin, scarcely undu- lated, not communicating with the axillary nervure: scale emarginate at tip, often deeply and acutely : tergum, disks of the incisures a little deeper colored. Length nearly three tenths of an inch. d Very small in comparison with the female; black: mouth piceous : feet dull honey-yellow : thighs, except- ing the knees, black. Length less than three twentieths of an inch. This species is common in Indiana. The great dis- parity in color and magnitude between the male and female, would deceive, as to their specific identity. ` They appeared in great numbers on the 2d of April; the. males swarmed around small bushes, alighting on the branches and leaves. ‘The females were but few. B. First eubital cellule with a recurrent nervure. 4. F.séssilis.. Peduncle concealed by the abdomen. Inhabits Indiana. Body blackish: mouth dull honey-yellow: antenne rather long: thorax with the three segments very dis- tinctly marked: peduncle composed of a simple, oblong ody ; destitute of a scale, unless it be depressed and united to the surface of the peduncle, concealed by the first segment of the abdomen: abdomen projecting over the peduncle and having a deep and well defined groove ost the first segment for its reception: feet, = than the radial, and Mis by a right line ; nervure of : the second cubital cellule obsolete. Length 9 three twentieths of an inch: neuter about < one tenth of an inch. The projection of the superior part of the basal seg- ment of the neuter abdomen is more remarkable than that of the female. It probably belongs tó the genus Pory- ` ERGUS. A variety is much paler, even honey-yellow. 5. F. triangulàris. Discoidal cellule subtriangular ; . blackish-piceous. Inhabits Indiana. — . Body blackish-piceous or obscure reddish-brown: ky- postoma convex and somewhat carinate: mandibles pice- ous: wings whitish ; nervures pale; discoidal cellule subtriangular, the superior angle being very obtuse ;. first and second cubital cellules not separated by a petiole: anal nervure abruptly angulated on the anal submargin : scale rather thin, elevated: tarsi honey-yellow. d Body darker. Length 9 over one tenth of an inch; d about the same. Var. œ. Recurrent nervure none. Var. g. Recurrent nervure obsolete or soci pi Resembles séssilis, Nob. but the scale is obvious ; the discoidal cell is more RE and the nervure of the 2d cubital i is obvious. m North American Hi 289 p longitudinal, line over the inser- tion of each antenna anda y impressed line in the middle: antenne and mandible s piceous : : thorax honey- yellow, dusky before: wings tinged with fuliginous ; nervures dusky and very distinct; recurrent nervure forming a quadrate cellule less than half the size of the first cubital; anal nervure abruptly angulated near the anal emargination of the edge, and almost dislocated in that part, the terminal portion being arcuated at each ex- tremity : scale thick, prominent, obtuse, entire: abdomen blackish, with prostrate hairs, and sparse elevated ones and regular cilie on the edges of the segments ; first seg- ment honey-yellowish at base, without any indentation opposite the scale: feet honey-yellow. d Trunk and scale entirely pale honey-yellowish: scapus of the antenne, hypostoma and mouth pale yel- lowish: abdomen somewhat piceous. Length three tenths, 4 less than two fifths of an inch. Not v uncommon in the forest, running _rapidly upon the branches and leaves of bushes. T. F. subsericea. Black, minutely sericeous; abdo- men impunctured. Inhabits Indiana. Body impunctured, black, very minutely sericeous : thorax with an impressed line before: wings dusky ; dis- coidal cellule about half as large as the first cubital, a little narrower before: scale obtuse, or widely rounded at tip, somewhat truncate. Length 4 less than two fifths, 9 over two fifths of an inch. My specimen of the female has the legs entirely black ; and of two males one has the legs honey-yellow, with the exception only of the base of the coxz ; and the other 38 VOL. I.—-PART III. HS E 290 Say’s Descriptions of - also with honey-yellow legs has the coxe, trochanters i and even the base of the thighs black. It is one of the large species called ** wood ants." ATTA. A. fervens, Drury, vol. III. p. 58, pl. 42, SF ER | obtained a female of this species in Mexico, and on com- parison with an individual of the cephalotes sent me by Dr. Klug, I find it to be a closely allied species. The color of UR wings and their neuration are the same; but . the body is more hairy or downy, and its brown color is not so deep, (the color is much too black in my copy of Drury, agreeing better with the cephalótes, than with Drury’s description.) The head is not so large, so deeply indented above, nor so acute at the posterior angles. 'The impressed, longitudinal line on the anterior part of the thorax, so distinct. in cephalotes is not, or is scarcely visible in. fervens. Judging from these two specimens, Í am convinced that the fervens: ought to, be admitted into the modern books as a distinct species. Mrruca, Latr. Klug. _ 1. M. lneolàta. 9 Black, more or less varied with piceous : antenne subclavate ; at tip clothed with dense, short, whitish hairs: front with a longitudinal impressed line, terminating before in a small triangular impression een the antenne ; the whole head, excepting the vertex, occiput and antenne, striate with close-set very. small. lines, which are rather larger on the mandibles: wings hyaline ; nervures yellowish-brown ; ; sinall cubital, cellule none : anterior segment of the petiole deeply; striate È > P p North American Hymenoptera. 291 longitudinally each side, decidedly longer than the second which is subemarginate above: abdomen oval, truncate, subemarginate at base: pleura striate like the head behind. | a Length over three tenths of an inch. d much more slender; transverse incisure between the wings more obvious ; — of the petiole not so deeply divided. = Length over three twentieths of an inch. Neuter. Piceous varying to black ; abdomen cordate, almost always black. Length under three twentieths of an inch. This species is very common in various parts of the United States even in houses, and may be observed, by every one, going in procession. "The radial cellule is slender and elongated, the including nervures being nearly parallel ; the inner nervure does not quite attain the edge. The first cubital cellule is hardly larger than the discoidal cellule, the recurrent nervure of which enters the first cubital at the middle. Second cubital extending to the tip of the wing. 2. M. corrugata. — wings with three complete cubital cellules. Inhabits Indiana. d Body dark honey-yellow, almost piceous : antenne whitish ; first joint not longer than the second and third together; second joint rounded, thickest: metathorar with two obtuse tubercles instead of spines: wings hya- line; nervurés and stigma pale yellowish; second cubital cellule complete, nearly as long as the first cubital and petiolated from the apicial angle of the discoidal cellule, which is oblong subquadrate ; ; the descending nervure from the stigma enters the second cubital : abdomen, fiit 292 Say’s Descriptions of ` joint somewhat gibbous at tip ; second segment rounded: + `” feet whitish. Length over three twentieths of an inch. 9 Somewhat darker than the male: metathoracic tubercles spiniform ; first abdominal segment almost emarginate at the superior tip; second segment short and wide; first joint of the antenne long; head ante- riorly with numerous, approximate, impressed lines. Length one fifth of an inch. Appeared on the wing July 19th. 3. M. oppósita. d Body black, minutely and densely granulated: an- tenne dusky ; pale yellowish towards the tip; first joint slightly longer than the second and third together; second joint obtusely obconie: Aypostoma convex: mandibles piceous: fhoraz with a glabrous line extending to the middle: wings dusky ; second cubital cellule turbinate, petiolated from the angle of the discoidal cellule, its longitudinal nervures equally curved; nervure separating the second and third cellules in a direct line with the nervure from the stigma; discoidal cellule quadrate : metathorax, spines short, acute: abdomen polished, not obviously granulated ; second node with an impressed, line above, dividing the surface into three slight lobes : Eu and feet tinged with piceous. i ngth over three. twentieths of an inch; Neuter. Dull honey-yellow: head minutely. lineat- ed: antenna, first joint long: stethidium rather largely : à ulated ; spines. prominent, acute, reaching nearly to. — 4.04 3. 3 le without impressed line. Ln s CA i x n Ë be of the first node : abdomen glabrous, polished; gi s B NE LA ne Rx oun X FE cs èg il i SN UM C < North American —: 293 Inhabits Indiana. i $ Body a little hairy, lineated with impressed lines, which are more distinct on the metathorax, black, shghtly tinged with piceous: antenne with a piceous tinge ; first joint not longer than the three following ones together : wings dusky ; discoidal nearly as long again as broad ; second cubital sessile, the separating nervure from the first cubital rather abruptly inflected towards the base, and . nearer the base almost obsolete, the. other ' including nervure rectilinear ; separating nervures between the first. cubital and radial, and the second and third cubitals, forming a broken, or slightly dislocated line, the former almost entering the third cubital: metathorax without lineations on the posterior declivity, the spines distinct: abdomen polished, without lines; petiolar segments or nodes, very distinct, subequal, the posterior one rather larger and spherical: feet more obviously tinged with piceous at base. Length less than one fifth of an inch. The connexion between the radial and second cubital is very slightly: petiolated, and the separating nervure be- tween the first and second cubitals, is almost or quite angulated, and is less distinct towards its junction with the discoidal cellule. -5. M. dimidiàta. Body pale yellowish: thorax some- v what tinged with piceous: wings with a very slight tinge of yellowish ; discoidal cellule in length nearly twice its h5 separating nervure between the first and second eubital cellules abruptly ending at the middle of the usual length, being entirely wanting on the basal half. '. Length over one fifth of an inch. 6. M. molésta. 2 Body pale honey-yellow, immacu- a e late : antenne with the cutisiimete joints mech: |. 894 a Say’s Descriptions of Se ; „ than the others ; the terminal one as large again as the à © penultimate one: wings whitish ; smaller cubital cellule none ; discoidal cellule very small, less than half as large _ ës the first cubital; first cubital receiving the recurrent nervure near its base; nervure of the radial cellule ter- minating abruptly before the tip; the two other apicial nervures feebly traced towards the tip and not reaching the tip : metathorax unarmed. s. Length less than three twentieths of an inch. ^ ^. This is called the “little yellow ant,” and is frequently - 3 found in houses in great numbers. They sometimes eat is x vegetable food, and some of my garden seeds havé — OR a severely suffered by their attacks. They also devour Rec. grease, olive oil, &c.. "Their sting is like the puneture of : a very fine needle. I placed a piece of meat on a win- od *. » — dos board frequented by these little depredators ; it was 5 4 soon absolutely covered by them, and thus enabled me to y thousands, every few hours that I returned to examine the bait, for several days, during whieh time — their apparent numbers scarcely diminished. - T. -M. minàta. Pale Dnm destitute of "m on the metathorax. "r Inhabits Indiana. = oi) i * Body whitish-yellow : per rather large: enh, ats - terminal joint three times as long as the preceding one: — eyes small, black and placed low down: peduncle — long : abdomen oval; very pale honey-yellow. s doe (neuter) less than three fifths of an inch. s iD RE ue á peg œ 1 specimen, which was found entangled in the $ _ nai an and l tarsi of a specimen of Goryres p US) i ob. in my cabinet. It does not appear to have a spine > on = part, but there are a few scattered hairs. E. » b = j t Ww 4 ME E Ww Me, i An Y > x y * a » -. P : m cor E ^ é a North American Hymenoptera. 295 " =— Mvrirza, Linn. * Eyes emarginate. 1. M. contracta. Black; ; above ferruginous ; wings blackish. Inhabits Arkansaw and Missouri. ` 3 Body entirely black beneath, inclusive of the tat + | "above ferruginous-yellowish : head black below the line. H E. of the eyes : metathorax, petiole, anterior and lateral de- : , " ick clivities of the abdomen black. anterior half of the $ = first segment of the tergum black: wings blackish-fulig- >> inous, somewhat, paler in the middle; second cubital — cellule wide beneath and contracted but not angulated at ^ the radial cellule; third cubital cellule. so much con- g a tracted at base that its extreme nervure is opposite to res and joins the recurrent nervure. Length about half an inch, ë The neuration of the wings somewhat. resembles that of the maura, F. and is nearly the same as that of the erythrina, Klug; of Mexico. I obtained several speci- mens from Missouri, Me Mr. Nani ene me one from ak oa E 9. M. hexàgona. ‘4 Black; abdomen honey. 5 z i —— — , Inbabits Indiana and Missouri. Body black, much punctured; and with a slight rallis, tion of silvery hairs, particularly on the head, on the afia erior segment of the thorax and on the metathorax : ax with, four slight, impressed lines, and numerous uA confluent punctures : metathorax reticulate with punc- am with a slight groove from the base nearly to middle : wings dark. purplish-faliginous ; ; radial cel- ded at tip, not. ihe; third cubital. « ! S * a me > ` > dr Deoipimi o rounded hexangular, with abbreviated nervures from the two outer angles ; a white line passes through the cubital cellules, and a white spot is in the outer discoidal cellule : abdomen rufous or bright honey-yellow ; first or petiole . segment black: feet silvery hairy. ne Length from half an inch to nearly seven tenths. The neuration of the wings is much like that of the M. Italica, F. even to the white line and small spot; but the third cubital cellule is still more regularly hexa- gonal and the radial cellule is not truncate at tip like those of the Jtélica and melanira, Klug, and many other species. 3. M. vigilans. | d Black; large abdominal segment, excepting its anterior and posterior margins, — Inhabits Pennsylvania. Body black; with large, dense punctures: thorax with three, somewhat elevated lines and a slight appear- ance of another each side : wing-scale convex, lineate on the margin; the outer and hinder margins lineated with minute, elevated, parallel lines: wings purplish-black; | radial cellule truncate at tip; first cubital cellule bisected by a white line; second cubital gradually and regularly * narrowed to ihò base, with an abbreviated white line at tip; third cubital hexagonal, not contracted, the two ex- terior angles with abbreviated nervures ; exterior discoidal cellule with a white dot: — discoidally punc- tured; dorsal groove extending beyond the middle; large basal segment of the sbdbiióh with large remote ll and terminal margins black, Pw = fifths of an inch. M. Itülica, F. but differs in greater depth =» idan Ga in Fees of cie w > adr greater length is, smaller and closer on the sides, bright rufous, - Z = larger than the first ; "E "ud. ck VEN LOIN dui MEN. OF i ^" 2 a n Sei y e E x 2. 4 e * North American Hymenoptera. ` 297 of the metathoracic groove and the larger and distant puncturing of the larger segment of the tergum. It is also larger. ** Eyes entire or the emargination obsolete. PHUTA. 4. M. erythrina, Klug. Scarlet-red, beneath black ; wings blackish. Inhabits Mexico. Body with dense, bright scarlet-red hairs above ; be- neath black : antenne and inferior part of the head black: wings black-violaceous ; radial cellule truncate at tip; third cubital cellule pentagonal, contracted on the anal side, its apicial nervures almost obsolete: metathorax lack: abdomen, anterior declivity of the basal segment extending in an angle on the superior portion of the seg- ment, black ; petiole black: venter with a slight scarlet- red band Hl GEA the middle. Q with a black dot rather behind the middle of the tergum. * Length about nine twentieths of an inch. I obtained a female of this species in Mexico, and Dr. Klug has favored me with the sexes, respect from mine, except in being : a little larger. * 5. M. scrüpea. @ Black; with dilated punctures ; 7 tergum with a whitish band. Inhabits Indiana. Body black, a little hairy, and having large punctures, which on the stethidium and head are confluent and dis- coidal: mandibles piceous before the tip: ene seus also punctured: wings slightly dusky; nervures | ish ; stigma not distinct, or none ; ; second cubital cellule the VOL. 1.=@"PART 11874 (QU ` a R^ differing in no. * $r id largest ; separating M 7 : 39 a: E> oe 298 Say’s Descriptions of ure of the 2d and 3d cellules rectilinear: metathoraz reticulate with larger discoidal punctures and baving at base an oblong triangle: tergum, first segment short, abruptly smaller than the second, petioliform, with dis- coidal punctures, hairy, abrupt before, and on the ante- rior inferior tip having an angle on each side; second segment with the punctures rather distant, profound, with a band of whitish hairs on the posterior margin ; remain- ing segments with numerous whitish hairs, and a dorsa elevated line. | Length less than three tenths of an inch. Rather smaller than nigrita, F. and may be distin- guished by the more dilated punctures; the basal seg- ment of the abdomen being suddenly smaller than the second, and shorter than in nigrita; by the abdominal band, and different configuration of the wing cellules. The emargination of the eyes is very small and acute. 6. M. gibbdsa. Black; petiole as long as the second abdominal segment ; wings dusky at tip. Inhabits Indiana. ` j d Body black; with numerous gray, but not conceal- ing, hairs; densely punctured ; punctures large on tlie head and trunk: wings hyaline ; at tip and including the radial cellule, fuliginous ; stigma moderate; third cubital cellule incomplete: abdomen, first segment petioliform, as long as the second, and somewhat gibbous at tip, dis- tinguished from the second by a deep stricture. _ Length over three tenths of an inch. : E mbles scrüpea, Nob., but is larger, has a stigma iger petiole. It is also like nigrita, F. but is with a much more obvious stigma ; wings dusky at tip; the petiole more gibbous at tip, &c. at ote AE , A è x 4 * North American Hymenoptera. 299 Teneyra, Latr. Klug. T. stygia. Black; mandibles piceous at tip. Inhabits Indiana. Body entirely black, immaculate, punctured: sudo ` bles piceous at tip; near the tip one-toothed: wings hya- line; nervures black, separating nervure of the first and second cubital cellules wanting: stigma obvious, black: abdomen, segments contracted near the incisures: oviduct not extending beyond the terminal processes and con- cealed beneath them. ; Length two fifths of an inch. Resembles T. sanvitali, Latr., but is larger, with a much larger stigma, and each abdominal segment is much more contracted before its posterior incisure. Mertuoca, Latr. M. bicolor. Rufous ; head and part of the tergum black. Inhabits Indiana. Body pale yellowish-rufous, polished : head black : antenne rufous, terminal joints pic palpi rufous: thorax, segments ‘subequal ; anterior and posterior ones convex, subovate, intermediate one with two slightly elevated convexities : abdomen ovate-subfu- siform : tergum with a transverse, triangular black spot at the tip of the second segment, another on the ne, remaining ones confluent. ; Length one fourth of an inch. a The abdomen does not contract abruptly to the petiole — but subsides gradually. Vander Linden says that the species of this genus are the females of species of Ten- GYRA. [Ann. des Sc. Nat. Jan. 1829, p. 48.] * WES U^ Ast Wa $ Rs i ou 7 aa 300 Say’s Descriptions of Tirgu, Fabr. Latr. T. tarda. Body polished, black, punctured : mandi- bles piceous in the middle : metathorax with three longi- tudinal lines, and the minute lines on the margin of the posterior declivity very regular and obvious: wings tinged with honey-yellow; nervures brown; stigma black : incisure of the first abdominal segment not very ~ much contracted; second segment at its basal margin with the minute longitudinal lines very regular and dis- tinct: palpi dull piceous. Inhabits Indiana. Length about three tenths of an inch. The smallest species I have seen, and may be distin- guished from its American congeners by its size. The male has the metathoracic lineations more distinct. It is smaller than the femordta, of Europe. Myzine, Latr. Klug. 1. M. hamàtus. Black ; an spotted and abdominal segments margined with miiia the latter not abruptly emarginate each side. Inhabits Indiana. d Body black, polished, with small punctures ; nasus, labrum, tip of the basal joint of the antenne, two s between the antenn and base of the mandibles yellow : collar on the anterior margin, interrupted in the middle and on n the posterior margin, yellow: thorax with a spot a the middle emarginate before, yellow : metathorax, a transverse yellow spot near the scutel and an obscure yellow, longitudinal spot each side at tip: tergum with a perlaceous iridescence ; on Slebonguimg sdieiplen get North American Hymenoptera. 301 low band on the posterior submargin, a little undulated obtusely on its anterior edge, not abruptly emarginated on each side; on the anterior submargins of the segments an impressed transverse line: pleura, a small yellow spot beneath each wing: wings hyaline, a slight dusky margin at tip: feet, coxæ with a yellow spot: tarsi, excepting their tips; thighs at tip or a line above, and anterior pairs of tibiæ yellow: venter five spotted each side. Length from three fifths to seven tenths of an inch. This is so much like M. subulàta, Nob. that it is not without much hesitation that I give it as distinct. It is, however, much larger and more robust, and the form of the bands of the tergum is different ; those of the subulata being abruptly notched each side of the middle as im the valvulus, Fabr., whereas in the bands of the present species, instead of the abrupt notch, is an obtuse and dilated undulation of the edge. A variety occurs in Missouri, of which the wings are yellowish, and the second recurrent nervure is confluent with the dividing nervure of dv second and third cubital cellule. 9. M. subulàtus, Nob. (Sapyga a, Western Quarterly Reporter.) A variety inhabits Mex i dominal bands are less abruptly emarginate each side. Sapyea, Latr. S. centrüta. Black, with yellow spots; abdomen 5-banded. im Inhabits United States. Body black: head : thorax with a transverse spot each side before, two on the middle, one beneath the superior wing, and two large ones behind, yellow: & ac Wa ON 302 Say’s Descriptions of wings hyaline; nervures fuscous: stigma brown: radial cellule fuliginous: tergum, each segment excepting the first, with a yellow, dilated band on its middle and more or less interrupted: venter with a transverse spot each side on the 3d, 4th and 5th segments: feet yellow: thighs, except at the tip, black: tarsi honey-yellow. Length about three tenths of an inch. Var.? œ. Spots ferruginous. Length nearly two fifths of an inch. I have hardly a doubt that the individual here given as a variety is a distinct species; but as my specimens are much mutilated, I am unwilling to venture to separate them. Pompi.vs, Fabr. Latr. 1. P. calipterus. Wings bifasciate ; antenne and feet honey-yellow. Inhabits Indiana. Body black, polished, slightly pruinose: antenne honey-yellow, a little dusky towards the tip: nasus, at tip, mandibles and palpi honey-yellow : wings hyaline, with a blackish band on the middle and a much broader one crossing the second and third cubital cellules ; the latter hardly reaches the anal margin; basal series of transverse nervures dislocated at the externo-medial nerv- ure: feet honey-yellow; tarsi with the ultimate joint blackish ; intermediate and posterior pairs of feet more or less varied with blackish. i Length three tenths of an inch, A very pretty species, of which I have as yet obtained but two specimens, It is probably allied to the bifasció- tus, Fabr. — North American Hymenoptera. 303 2. P. architéctus. Dark purple; wings hyaline. Inhabits Ohio. 9 Body dark bluish-purple, somewhat hairy: head black in front, with short, dense, yellowish-cinereous hair: mandibles at tip piceous :- wing-scale dark piceous : wings hyaline, nervures blackish: second and third cubital cel- , lules not unusually contracted at the radial cellule, but almost equal in that part: feet black: tergum, anal seg- ment polished. Length about three tenths of an inch. This insect forms neat mud nests under prostrate logs and stones. They consist of short cylinders, agglutinated together alternately, and each composed of little pellets of mud, compressed, or rather appressed to each other. When these are adjusted to their places on the edge of the cylinder, each has a fusiform shape and the slender end of one laps over that of another, and the convex part of the pellet of the succeeding layer is placed against this duplicature so as to restore the equality of the edge. pe arrangement gives the surface an alternate ove The basal series of transverse nervures is very slightly de t 3. P. biguttàtus, Fabr. ‘The individual deserted by Fabricius appears to be a female. Coquebert gives its length at nine twentieths of an inch, but it sometimes ex- ceeds half an inch in length. The male is over three tenths of an inch in length; it is destitute of the anterior white striga of the thorax, and the tip of the tergum has a white reflection ; the posterior half of the metathorax also has a white reflection. The basal series of trans- verse nervures is not dislocated, in this species. 4. P. lépidus. Black; abdomen and wings purplish. 304 Say’s Descriptions of Inhabits Mexico. d Body black, slightly sericeous: wings dark purplish ; second and third cubital cellules a little narrowed at the radial cellule, particularly the latter, which is less than two thirds the length of the second cellule, in that part ; basal series of transverse. nervures not dislocated : meta- thorax with a very slight reflection of purplish, and with- out any impressed line; the posterior edge obviously reflected: tergum with a distinct purplish reflection ; beneath black ; in a favorable light a very slight purplish reflection may be perceived on the thighs. . Length two fifths of an inch. 5. P. 5-notatus. Tergum on the second segment with two white spots; third segment with a white inter- rupted Inhabits Indiana. Q Body black: head with a slight white reflection before; and a very slender white line on the posterior orbit: wings on the apicial margin black; basal series of transverse nervures not dislocated: tergum with a white dot each side before the middle, on the second segment ; third segment with a white, interrupted band at base; on the fourth segment at base, is an obsolete, whitish spot each side, sometimes wanting ; anal segment with a white spot at base. Length two fiftbs of an inch. Resembles biguttatus, Fabr. but is distinguished by the two or four more white spots on aa tergum, as well as by the white spot on the anal segmen Shar. s. Black; feet eve rufous. "Inbabits Indiana. 9 Body black, somewhat sericeous with silvery hairs: antenne, joints long, distinct: mandibles piceous at tip: North American Hymenoptera. 305 palpi whitish: wings hyaline; third cubital cellule very little contracted before, larger than the second ; first re- current nervure entering the second cellule at the middle ; basal series of transverse nervures dislocated: feet bright honey-yellow, the cox: only black. Length over two fifths of an inch. 8. P. (Miscus) cérnicus. Black; wings a little dus- ky; basal line of transverse nervures widely cae by the externo-medial nervure. Inhabits Indiana. 9 Body black, immaculate: wings dusky; nervures blackish ; second cubital cellule somewhat conic, the anterior basal nervure entering the radial cellule in a much arcuated direction, so as not to form an angle with it; third cubital cellule not much contracted anteriorly ; basal series of transverse nervures widely dislocated, that portion which is between the externo-medial and anal nervures is equal to the length of the dislocation: abdo- men polished : mandibles at tip piceous. Length less than one fifth of an inch. d Wings less obscure: anterior tibie and tarsi e letely dull yellowish. Length one fourth of an inch. 9. P. ( Miscus) petiolàtus. Tergum fulvous 1 near the base; third cubital cellule petiolated. Eahabits Indiana. 9 Body black, a little sericeous: wings blackish ; third cubital cellule decidedly petiolated: tergum with the terminal half of the first segment, and the greater portion of the second segment yellowish-fulvous. - Length over two fifths of an inch. The petiolated character of the third cubital cellule resembles. that of the P. niger, Fabr. The basal series of transverse nervures is distinctly dislocated. [To be continued.] VOL. I.—PART III. E -. 806 / - Sketch of the Geology of x ART. XIV.—SKETCH OF THE GEOLOGY OF PORTLAND AND ITS VICINITY. By Epwanp Hrircncocx, Professor of Chemistry and Natural History in Amherst College. Communi- cated April 6, 1836. Havine spent the month of May, 1835, in Portland, Maine, and by the kindness of several gentlemen in that city, having had an opportunity to examine the rocks in the vicinity, I am able to give some account of its geolo- gy. And although a longer residence would be necessary to obtain a complete view of the rocks occurring there, yet, as no account of the geological structure of that region has been published, to my knowledge, I have thought that I might make some statements which would be acceptable to the scientific public. ‘The geology of Portland is very simple and intelligible. With the exception of a few limited patches of very recent tertiary strata, and some diluvial and alluvial de- posites, the rocks are chiefly slates of a very early date ; as is proved by their entire destitution of organic remains, and by their standing upon their edges. Gneiss, how- ever, almost destitute of a slaty character, appears on the northwest and north sides of the city, within a few miles, and forms a very extensive deposite. I shall, however, describe these rocks successively; beginning with those that form the foundation on which the city is built. The accompanying geological map and section will enable the Society the more easily to understand my ipti In extending the map along the coast south of Cape Elizabeth, in order to exhibit the granite at the mouth of Saco River, I have contracted the distance considerably, to save room, since such a reduction of the Portland and its Vicinity. 27. scale can produce no error. The section passes from the south east to the north west through Portland, crossing Cape Elizabeth at its northern extremity in fact: but have introduced the rocks from its southeastern ex- tremity, at the light houses; and have also supposed Jewell’s Island to be removed southwesterly, so as to fall in with the line of the section. But as the direction of the strata in all this region is almost exactly northeast and southwest, this supposed movement of interesting rocks, so.as to bring them into a line, can cause no error of importance in our inferences. Talcose and Mica Slate and Quartz Rock. I commence with these rocks, because they form the basis of the peninsula on which Portland stands. In many places, one finds them extremely distinct and well characterized. But they pass into one another so insen- sibly, and are interstratified so frequently, that I found it impossible to separate them upon the map. I think that talcose slate decidedly predominates ; especially on the islands of Casco Bay. Next in quantity is mica slate ; ; which sometimes approximates, in its character, to argil- laceous slate. Quartz rock is the least abundant; yet sometimes we see its strata quite distinct ; as for instance on the shore at the northeast extremity of the city; where also, we find well characterized talcose slate, ap- proaching even to soap stone. At Harpswell is a quarry of soap stone, which has been wrought to considerable extent; but is now nearly exhausted. I have not visited- it; but presume that bed to be connected with talcose slate. The southeastern part of Cape Elizabeth is composed = * 308 Sketch of the Geology of of a peculiar variety of talcose slate, which, in most cases, could hardly be determined, were not the observer to trace carefully, the gradations of that rock ; a method to which the geologist is often obliged to resort. Near the light houses, this rock, owing to an almost inexplicable peculiarity of structure, exhibits a remarkable tendency to split in the direction of the layers, like wood. Indeed, where it is laid up to form fences, as one rides along the road, he can scarcely distinguish the long and apparently fibrous masses from wooden rails, or planks. Ata few rods distant, where the rock passes under the ocean, it cannot be distinguished from large logs. I refer particu- larly to a spot a little north of the light houses. On the shore east of these light houses, the rock is so fissile that splinters of it, half an inch thick and nearly a yard long, were obtained by D. Miles, who accompanied me thither. Much of this talcose slate js that compact variety .. Which is sometimes converted into whetstones ; though Y know not that it is employed for this purpose in Maine. On the shore near Portland, I noticed one or two boul- ders that appeared to be a very fine, though rather hard, variety of novaculite. Probably, the bed from which these blocks were detached, is north of the city ; since the diluvial current had a southerly direction. Tt seems now to be well ascertained, that talcose slate is the deposite of nearly all the gold found in the United States. It is the porous quartz, which abounds in oxide of iron, that constitutes the immediate gangue of the metal. Such quartz is very common in this slate; and I noticed it on Cape Elizabeth. Such facts it may be well to keep in mind; though the occurrence of talcose slate, in any region, does not prove the existence of gold there. But if gold exist in one place in this rock, the presump- - tion is that it may exist wherever the rock js found. ae Portland and its Vicinity. 309 The mica slate around Portland is not very well char- acterized in general. Often, it takes so much talc into its composition as to perplex the observer. In other places it is so siliceous, that one can hardly say whether it should not be called quartz rock. Again, and perhaps this is most frequent, it has that glazed appearance which characterizes the oldest argillaceous slate ; and perhaps it does sometimes actually pass into that rock. There are two varieties of rocks which I have denominated mica slate, in the vicinity of Portland, which, on account of their probable economical value, deserve a distinct notice ; and I have given them distinct colors on the map. Plumbaginous Mica Slate. Ever since the first settlement of the country, this rock has excited the attention of the inhabitants, on account of its resemblance to the slate that is associated with $ coal. And, indeed, where the road passes over its sur- face, so that the wheels grind it into fragments, the ap- pearance can hardly be distinguished from that of disin- tegrating slate. But on careful examination, the geolo- gist finds that its surface exhibits too much of a shining, plumbaginous appearance, so common in the primary slates, to be considered a slate. It does, indeed, abound in carbonaceous matter: but this seems to be uniformly in the state of plumbago; which, in several places, as at Diamond Cove, on Hog Island, and on Jewell’s Island, exists in thin layers. ` In several otHer places in the vicinity of Portland, as at Gorham, this mineral is found in a quite pure state; and I cont y expect that it will ere long be found in that vicinity, in large quantity. In short, to give the result of my observations and reflec- E x E À" S T 310 Sketch of the Geology of tions upon the remarkable rock under consideration, 1 regard it as slate, or fine micaceous sand stone, which, by the agency of internal heat and other causes, has passed into the condition of an imperfect sort of mica slate; and that the carbonaceous matter, by the same agencies, has become plumbago. After having examined the remarkable bed of anthracite and plumbago at Worces- ter, Mass., which occurs in mica slate, I hardly dare pre- dict that anthracite will not be found in the very oldest slates. Yet the Portland rock appears to me to be older than that in Worcester; and I strongly incline to the opinion, that no carbonaceous mineral, but plumbago, will be found in the former. It is a fact which ought to be noticed, that such is the position of the rocks in the vicinity of Portland, that boring perpendicularly into them, to discover coal or go, must, as every geologist will see, be entirely . useless. For the strata stand nearly perpendicular to the “horizon ; ; and it is well known, that neither of these _ minerals occurs except in interstratified beds; so that ` by merely uncovering their elevated edges, choy will most assuredly be discovered, if they exist. And since the soil above the plumbaginous slate is usually thin, the expense of such an exploration must be small. Should it be attempted, it ought to be recollected that these minerals will be most likely to occur in those places where the soil is deepest; that is, in the valleys; since they are more easily abraded than the rock. _ The plumbaginous mica slate abounds in iron pyrites, in small disseminated masses and crystals. "This is very liable to decomposition; so that often the rock appears minutely porous. 1n some instances a black powder results from this decomposition ; so that perhaps there is qe iet aa a» 311 not quite so much carbonaceous matter in this slate, as at first sight we might suppose. - The most distinct and extensive stratum of this rock in the vicinity of Portland, is on Cape Elizabeth. On the north, as may be seen on the map, it extends to Hog Island; where, on the west shore of Diamond Cove, it may be examined to advantage. In a southwest direc- tion it probably extends across the whole Cape to the ocean; though I have not traced it so far. But the rocks of all that region are remarkably regular and con- tinuous ; so that the geologist can apply analogical con- siderations with great confidence, where direct evidence is wanting. On Jewell’s Island—a very interesting spot for the geologist—this rock forms a stratum of considerable width, running through the central parts of the island, as may be seen on the map. I have reason to suppose that it exists in other places around Portland : but I have not- examined them carefully enough to justify me in repre- senting them upon the map. Should it be found, in going northeasterly from Port- land, that the rocks pass gradually into decided argilla- ceous slate, then perhaps, it would be proper thus-to denominate this plumbaginous mica slate; or rather to regard it as forming an intermediate link between mica slate and clay slate. But so far east as I went, I per- eeived no progress towards a change into argillaceous slate; and I think I can perceive, in all the specimens of plumbaginous mica slate that I have examined, a mixture _ of mica and quartz with plumbago, and perhaps a little aluminous matter; so that upon the whole, I must for the present call this rock plumbaginous mica slate. ` wa 319 Sketch of the SERY” ie Pyritiferous Mica Slate. Although the plumbaginous mica slate is often pyritif- erous, as are other varieties of the slate around Portland, yet in one or two places on Jewell’s Island, in particular, we meet with strata of mica slate so loaded with pyrites, and so affected by its decomposition, as to arrest the attention of the most careless observer. And where this mineral exists in sufficient quantity to render it probable that the rock might be employed for economical purposes, I have denominated it pyritiferous mica slate. 1 have marked it on the map nowhere but on Jewell’s Island; where it forms at least three distinct beds, several rods wide. On the northwest side of the island, this rock is laid bare for a great extent; and as the layers are nearly ` perpendicular to the horizon, it forms a wall from. fifteen to thirty feet high, easily accessible, should it be wanted for manufacture. The surface of this rock is disintegrated, often for a considerable depth, by the decomposition of the pyrites, and the formation of sulphate of iron, oxide of iron, and sulphate of alumina and potassa. ‘The cop- peras is perceptible to the taste, almost every where, and the iron gives a rusty aspect to the cliff, as seen from the w ocean. The sulphate of alumina and potassa appears in a white efflorescence, where the projecting cliff protects it from the weather. I suspect, however, without having applied any chemical tests, that a part of this efflores- cence is not alum : perhaps it may be sulphate of alumina, which would need the addition of potassa to convert it The sulphate of iron, from which the alum and cop- peras in this rock originate, is disseminated in small grains or crystals through the mass, and rarely forms ays 7 SN 4 4 Zu P z Foe 313 Portland nodules of much size. A good deal of the Manoa mica slate on Cape Elizabeth, as has been remarked in another place, is in like manner impregnated with pyrites. Upon the whole, Ï cannot see why the vicinity of Port- land, especially Jewell’s Island, does not present a good situation for the manufacture of alum and copperas. What practical difficulties may present themselves, I cannot say. But appearances are certainly quite favor- able. We do not go far back from the coast in the vicinity of Portland, before we find that the rocks which have been described, are succeeded by gneiss. As we go west- erly from the city, however, towards Saco river, I have good reason for supposing that the slates increase in width, as represented on the map; although I have not given that region a thorough examination. I picked up a pebble of quartz rock on Jewell’s Island, twice the size of the annexed drawing, which presents a tolerably good example of a peculiarity in the structure of this rock, which I have often noticed in other parts of New England. I refer to the evident traces of a me- chanical, or at least semi-mechanical origin, which some parts of the mass present; and which, in the pebble ex- hibited below, shows itself in the angular fragments in the upper part, scattered through a darker colored and apparently somewhat ferruginous cement. The quartzose layers of the specimen seem to have been more or less broken and moved, and afterwards very firmly cemented together. The latter process does not seem so difficult to explain ; but what was the nature of that force which could have been so powerful as to break hard quartz into such fragments, and yet scarcely remove them from their places, I confess myself unable to imagine. Specimens VOL. I.—PART III. 41 * ë js A * A ME cw 314 Sketch of the Geology of still more remarkably broken and re-cemented by hem- atitic iron ore, I have found in the western part of Mas- sachusetts ; which are described in my Report on the Geology of that State. But I regard the subject as one of the most obscure in geology. It may not be amiss to notice here a remarkable rock, which I recently met with in Rhode Island, on the west side of Narraganset Bay, as far south as Wickford. 1 met with it only in large boulders; but have no doubt that it occurs in the vicinity, in place; since masses so large could not have been removed many miles from their native bed. At a little distance, this rock has precisely the aspect of graywacke conglomerate. And indeed, it is a conglomerate ; being filled with very distinct and numerous rounded masses of that variety of quartz rock, which takes a little mica into its composition, so as to render it schistose. ‘These masses have been as evidently rounded by attrition as those in the most recent of the conglomerates; or even as diluvial gravel. Yet the cement that holds the pebbles together is nothing more nor less than the most decided mica slate, having a highly crystalline aspect. And the rock is as firmly bound to- oS ie ae * Re he Portland and tte Vicinity 315 t remaity gether as the most solid varieties of mica slate. In fact, it is a mica slate conglomerate. In my Report on the Geology of Massachusetts, I have described a large de- posite of a rock, differing from this only in the substitu- tion of tale for mica, occurring on the eastern side of Narraganset Bay, near Newport, and on the eastern border of the graywacke formation. This mica slate conglomerate occurs along the western border of the same formation, where it adjoins quartz rock, mica slate, and gneiss. Do not such rocks as these conglomerates and the quartzose breccias that have been noticed, lend a strong confirmation to the theory, which supposes the primary stratified rocks to be only metamorphic second- ary ones? Between these mica and talcose slate con- glomerates, and genuine classical graywacke, I found, in - Rhode Island, almost every variety of gradation. _ Limestone. P we m over the arm of the sea that separates Port- land from Cape Elizabeth, not far from the southeastern extremity of the bridge, we meet with an imperfect sort of limestone; or, it is limestone with a large mixture of the talcose and mica slates that have been described. Its color is blue, and it is traversed by veins of white | calca- reous spar ; and sometimes we meet with thin layers of milky quartz. It bears a strong resemblance to some of the limestone that is brought from Thomastown in Maine, and which is used as marble. And if slabs of sufficient size can. be obtained, I do not see why it will not form a handsome variegated marble. At present, it is laid bare only in two or three places along the shore ; and not im- probably, it may be found more free from fissures, and less Ex dust x^ 3. 196. S dace x: w : x x "oT 316 Sketch of the Geology of _slaty, by removing the diluvium farther from the shore. A quarry of good marble so near, would certainly be of some importance to the city of Portland. How far the stratum extends in a southwesterly direction I am not able to say ; not improbably to the ocean: but the coun- try is somewhat level, and the rocks not often visible. On the map, I have represented this. stratum as quite | narrow, and only a few miles long. Not improbably it may be found to extend northeasterly to some of the islands in the harbor. "The dip and direction of its layers correspond to those of the slates already described, viz. running nearly northeast and southwest, and dipping almost ninety degrees. / í Hornblende Slate. "This is one of the most uninviting and “perplexing £ rocks with which the geologist meets. Where it exists in its greatest purity, that is, where it is distinctly slaty and highly crystalline, its appearance is attractive. But for the most part, it seems to be in a metamorphic state 5 its slaty and stratified structure being very obscure; the rock breaking into fragments, either amorphous or some- what columnar ; its crystalline structure becoming less distinct, and constituting in fact, the rock that used to go by the name of primary greenstone. This description corresponds to its characters on Cape Elizabeth, where it forms extensive strata ; although often so obscurely char- acterized as to be mistaken for other rocks, with which it is often confusedly interstratified. In passing from Port- land to the light houses on the extremity of Cape Eliza- ” » We meet with this rock half a mile beyond the new _ louse on the north part of the Cape, and it con- td eh Nee! he ME 3 Wo oe 8 also the argillaceous slate,) run northeast and southwest, ; -Portland and its Vicinity. 817 tinues nearly Bur miles. I have met with it in other places around Portland; but nowhere occupying extent of surface enough to be exhibited on the map. Nor am I sure that I ought to have extended the stratum of this rock on Cape Elizabeth to the ocean southwesterly, as I have not actually traced it so far. But the remarkable uniformity in - dip and direction of the rocks around Portland, has led me in some instances to extend them on the map, en -— where I have ae ace = r on the surface - [n passing along the coast from Portsrioüth, New Hunpetire, o the mouth of Casco river, we find numer- ous ranges of hornblende slate, separated by other rocks, particularly greenstone and sienite. Between Portsmouth and the east part of York, we meet with greenstone only, -as the alternating rock; and I am inclined to believe (my opportunities for observation have been very limited,) that it is the i edd and consequently, i is only a ME, variety of the h more or cture. But between the asco, we meet with ledges of decided sienite, nadie that on Cape Ann. At Bid- deford, on the west bank of Casco river, vast ledges of this rock appear, and are quarried. In that rock I cou not discern any hornblende ; but it is nearly destitute of mica, and corresponds to a i great deal of the rock in Mas- sachusetts called sienite. ` From Portsmouth to Gio the general direction of . the stratified rocks is northwest and southeast, and the . dip northeasterly and large. But from Casco to Port- - land, the mica and talcose slates (perhaps I ought to add and ap northwest, from 70° to 80°. Casco ri river, 318 Sketch of the Geology of . forms the place of the junction of two great systems of strata. In my Report on the Geology of Massachusetts, I have described the northeast and southwest system as crossing the easterly part of that State, and | probably embracing a portion at least, of the Allegany ‘mountains, and perhaps connected with Beaumont’s vast Pyreneo- Appenine system. I have also, in the same work, de- scribed a northwest and southeast system; though in some doubt whether such a system exists on this con- tinent. But if I am not mistaken in my statements about the rocks in Maine, it would seem that such a system must be admitted to exist. . Gneiss. Á One has to go only a few miles northerly or north- westerly from Portland, to find himself entered upon vast region of this rock. How far it extends in directions I am unable to say: but presume, from all that I can learn, that it constitutes a larger part of the surface of Maine than any other rock. n passing along the coast towards Brunswick, we strike gneiss about three miles from the city ; and I am informed that it continues northeasterly as much as sixty or seventy miles. In going west from Portland, we find a remarkable hill of gneiss, not more than a mile or a mile and a half from the city. Tt is easily mistaken for a ledge of granite, on account of the indistinctness of the MD AS But . the schistose arrangement of the ingredients is easily dis- dis- coverable. I am inclined to believe, that a judicious ex- plora 1 of this spot would prove, that an inexhaustible eee of good es stone . here be laid open. x t SMS we ; ` A t * T | Portland and its Vicinity. 319 And since not more than half a mile of land carriage . intervenes between this spot and Portland, if such a dis- covery should be made, it must prove of great service. A large part of the stone there used for architectural pur- poses is gneiss, brought from Yarmouth, twelve or fourteen miles distant. In general, the gneiss of the region above described is the granite gneiss ; that is, the rock approaches to gr in appearance, the lines of stratification being almost obliterated, and the texture of the rock being very c Indeed, as it appears in the walls, along the road, ind Occasionally i in ledges, it is easily mistaken for coarse granite. But the experienced eye will soon perceive it to be gneiss, almost changed into granite. In Yarmouth it abounds in schorl, and sometimes affords beryl. ‘The form of the crystals of schorl may be described by calling it a three-sided prism with triedral summits, the edges of the prism being oe by two planes, so as in fact to n passing west an d neath wrest from Portland, we find the mica slate bearing rapidly more and more to the northwest ; that is, dipping southeasterly at a less and less angle; so that when we reach the gneiss, it is not more than 30° to 35°. Proceeding in the same direc- tion, the dip becomes still less, even as low as 20°. This is an important fact; because it is contrary to what we should expect ; if, as it would seem we must admit, the anticlinal axis of the system of strata around Portland lies sorthwest of the city. But it corresponds with what I have observed of the gneiss in other parts of New Eng- land. indeed, I scarcely know of any of our rocks, not excepting those of the secondary class, whose di ] MEE as great as that of our gneiss in my pa s; ti à 320 Sketch of the Geology of there are many exceptions. It is the granitic gneiss that more commonly dips at so.small an angle. Before describing the «upper unconsolidated strata around Portland, Ï may as well. notice two or three varieties of unstratified rocks in the same region. Granite and Sienite. Under hornblende slate I have already stated all that I know of the sienitic deposits in the southwest part of Maine. Around Portland I have met with nothing that deserves this name, except a few boulders, near the tower in the north part of the city, of great beauty. The mass of the rocks is feldspar, of a much whiter color than in the sienite of Quincy and Cape Ann; and through this base are disseminated briliant foliated masses of black mica and hornblende. I shall show, further on, that the proper place to look for this rock in place, is several miles north of the city. Should it be discovered in large quantity, I feel sure it would be. greedily sought after for architectural purposes. Genuine granite is a rock of rare occurrence in tlie vicinity of Portland. In approaching the gneiss from the city, that is, in passing northwesterly, we meet with some veins and irregular intruding masses of this rock, while the. slate exhibits that more decidedly crystalline aspect which is so common in the vicinity of granite. In the gneiss also, are numerous veins of coarse granite. But I discovered no large deposite ; although not im- probably such may exist in some part of the gneiss forma- tion. I have also seen good specimens of granite from the eastern part of Maine. Yet much of the rock that is quarried under this name is genuine gneiss. I am ‘es d 1 ER omm si ^ À Portland and its Vicinity. 321 inclined to believe this to be the case in respect to the Hallowell granite. In respect to the more easterly parts of Maine, however, I shall wait for light, as to its geology, from the expected memoir of Dr. Charles T. Jackson. Greenstone. Of that variety of hornblende slate called primary: greenstone, I have already spoken. ‘The rock which l am now going to describe exists exclusively, so far as I know, in veins or dykes. And these form one of the most interesting features in the geology of the region around Portland. For the most part, they coincide nearly in direction with the strata, and pursue a very straight course for a great distance often. Yet they are real veins; that is, they were evidently intruded among the strata subsequent to their consolidation. "They have a structure more or less columnar ; the columns always lying directly across the vein : and since this usually de- scends almost perpendicularly, they lie nearly horizon- In some cases, the dyke on the coast seems to `- have yielded- more readily to the action of the sea than the adjoining rock; so that the waves have formed a chasm ; as at the north light house on Cape Elizabeth, about fi miles from Portland. In most cases, how- ever, as on the northeast part of Jewell’s Island, the _ ‘dyke remains like a wall, while the surrounding rock has disappeared. . About eighty rods northwest of the most northerly light house near the extremity of Cape Elizabeth, we meet with one of these dykes, from six to eight feet wide, in taleose slate. The slate dips about 60° northwesterly, and runs northeast and northwest. ‘This vein VOL. L—PART HL - 49 , we E G ue P 392 Sketch of the Geology of in direction with the strata; but it cuts through their planes nearly at right angles, so that it has a southeast- erly dip of about 30°. This dyke is seen at the surface in one or two places on the Cape southwest of the light houses; and it reappears on Richmond’s Island, which .is about a mile from the mainland. Another dyke crosses that island parallel to the first. Where the dyke above described appears a little north- west of the light houses, its direction points nearly to ` Jewell’s Island, ten or twelve miles distant. On, visiting that island, I found a dyke at its southwestern extremity, three or four feet wide, coinciding in direction and dip . with the strata, and extending across the island. This may be the dyke that appears at the light houses on Cape Elizabeth ; as is represented by the red dotted line on the map. 1 am told, also, that a dyke appears on another island eight or ten miles distant, in a northeast direction; and not improbably, all three may be the same continuous vein. On Jewell’s Island, I noticed in one place, that the dyke had shifted places, nearly its whole width, without producing any apparent disruption of the adjoining strata. I shall endeavor to explain this anomaly farther on, when I shall describe another similar case. Two other dykes, one of them of greater width, appear on Jewell's Island, having the same general dip and direction as the strata. One also exists near the Portland light house, as may be seen on the map. In the mica slate south of Portland, not. far from 2 mile, where a small stream has laid it bare, I noticed @ _ distinct vein of greenstone, not more than two feet wide, whose dip and direction correspond to those of the slate. A little east of the northern extremity of the toll bridge, leading from the north part of Portland into the ^ Portland and its Vicinity. 323 country, is a ledge of talcose slate, dipping southeast only 20° ; the least inclination that I have met with in the slate ` rocks around the city. ` Here, in the edges of the strata, we see thin veins of a peculiar variety of trap, which con- tains more or less of mica, and which, in fact, seems to be rather intermediate between slate and greenstone, although its schistose structure is obliterated. In some places near this spot, which forms the shore of the bay, the layers of talcose slate are removed, and the surface of the trap is exposed; and I noticed one or two narrow veins crossing the trap and filled with angular fragments. A little nearer to the bridge, however, where the edges of the talcose slate are exposed, I noticed perhaps the most instructive example of these trap veins. The fol- lowing sketch, showing the edges of the slate with the included vein, will convey an idea of its peculiarities. The dip of the strata here, as measured by the clinometer, is 280 S. E. and the layers are very regular, running northeast and southwest. The three portions of trap a, b, c, are evidently parts of the same vein: for from the p————M—————————À = EE E = = 4 left hand towards the right, the portions taper gradually; a being six inches thick, b four inches, and c three inches: the latter terminating abruptly, so that were b and c to be brought into a line with a, the whole would form an unin- terrupted vein. Yet the layers of the slate do not ex- hibit any fracture or displacement corresponding to the 324 Sketch of the Geology of échellon movement of the trap. How then shall-we explain the mode in which this appearance was pro- duced? I can conceive of only one explanation, and that not free from difficulties. All will now admit, I suppose, that all trap rock had an igneous origin. -Let us now imagine that the melted mass, at this spot, was forcing its way upwards between the layers of the slate. It is not difficult to conceive that the opening, towards the extremities, might pass between other layers of the slate than those which separated along the central parts; an occurrence which one might see produced by endeavor- ing with a wedge to separate a mass of slate rock. The opening would be widest where the wedge entered and become gradually narrow towards the extremities, where would probably be seen the scaling up of different layers. In this way, portions of the melted trap rock might be lodged between different layers of the slate, without any apparent fracture of the intervening layers, when they were inspected only on their bassetting edges. Yet were this the mode of its intrusion, if the trap were uncovered, : its apparently disconnected portions would be found to unite at no great depth. In the gneiss formation northwest of Portland, we find frequent examples of greenstone veins, from one to five feet wide. In some places the gneiss (here losing all marks of a stratified or slaty structure, and being.a real granite in the immediate vicinity of the trap,) is so divided by the ramifications of the. greenstone veins, that one can hardly say whether it be veins of trap in gneiss, or of gneiss in trap. Specimens only a few inches long can be broken off, containing two or three very distinct alternations of the two rocks. So firmly are they united, that they separate with little less facility at their junction, Portland and its Vicinity. 325 than they divide any where else. The best examples of these veins, which I observed, occur a mile north of Pride’s bridge, on Presumpscut river, in Westbrook. In some places I noticed a fact concerning these veins, that has an important bearing upon geological theory. On Jewell’s Island, for instance, in a vein not more than . three or four feet thick, the rock in the central parts was decidedly more crystalline than near the walls. Now if the vein was originally injected in a melted state, between - the layers of the slate, its outer portions, coming in con- tact with the cold rock, would harden much sooner than the central parts; and consequently, from all that we know of the chemistry of this subject, we should expect the outer portions to be less crystalline. And, in fact, the specimens are little else than a compact mass, with here and there a small crystalline point ; resembling, indeed, the more solid recent lavas that have cooled with be, access of the atmosphere. | The uniformity in the direction of these trap dykes, renders it probable that they were of synchronous pro- duction, and the result of a common agency. As to the epoch of its operation, we can. only say that it was sub- sequent to the formation of the schistose rocks in which the dykes are contained. I doubt not but a more exten- E sive examination of the geology of Maine would bring to many more interesting facts on the elect — Tertiary Mn I lin not met with any rocks in place, in the south- western parts of Maine, that belonged to the secondary, or even transition class. But along the shores of Port- land I have found a few boulders, some of them nearly ` 5 Sketch of the Geology of * Y i L two feet in diameter, of coarse red conglomerate, embrac- ing nodules of quartz, talcose slate, and perhaps sand- stone. It is difficult to say whether they originated from a secondary or transition formation. ‘That they were brought from a northerly direction, by a diluvial current, admits of no doubt. But whether any fragmentary rocks occur in that direction, nearer than the valley of the St. Lawrence, may be doubted. I have been shown speci- mens, however, from the eastern part of Maine, contain- ing petrifactions of testacea. The rock is a fine, very ard, gray, or reddish sandstone. In a similar rock, which is extremely hard, recently sent me from Frank- fort, not far from the mouth of Penobscot river, numerous moulds and casts of shells occur. I should infer from hand specimens, that this rock is graywacke; if it be not rather a variety of trap; or rather a sandstone almost changed into trap! I noticed in it three or four genera of shells; but do not feel prepared to name them. A single tertiary formation exists around Portland, composed chiefly of horizontal layers of clay: The upper part of the bed, to the depth of several feet, seems to have been disturbed by aqueous agency; but lower down, the layers are distinct. ' It is the blue plastic clay; so common throughout New England; and which I have denominated the newest tertiary, in my Report on the Geology, &c. of Massachusetts. After descending several feet, however, in the clay beds of Maine, we reach a stratum of a lighter blue color; and in this, shells are found, partially or wholly converted into stone. 1 have them only at a remarkable slide on the north side of Presumpscut river, near Pride's Bridge, in Westbrook ; but I was assured by the workmen in the clay pits a around Portland, that they occur in two or three places in that Portland and its Vicinity. 327 vicinity; and I was informed that they are abundant on Bailey’s Island, in Casco Bay. ‘Sometimes these shells are scarcely changed in their appearance from recent shells ; not even the epidermis being in all cases obliterated. But generally, the cavity originally occupied by the ani- mal, is partly or wholly filled by an argillaceous lime- stone. It is the same substance that is found very fre- quently, in the same clay beds, in a concreted form ; and in this state goes by the name of claystones. In one or two instances, where the cavity of the shell was only partially occupied by this matter, I noticed minute crys- tals of calcareous spar. Even where the whole interior is filled with calcareous matter, the shell itself is not much altered. The most common shell, and indeed the only one that I found in much quantity, is a delicate species of Nucuta. I am assured by gentlemen well qualified to judge, that it differs. from all the recent species of that genus. I have not had as much opportunity as I could desire, to ascer- tain whether it is identical with any fossil species that has been described. I presume it, however, to be unde- scribed, and venture to denominate it Nucura Port- landica.* r. A. A. Gould has furnished the following specific description. Shell transversely ovate, convex ; E rounded, anteriorly acute and sub-plieate m margin regularly rounded, obliquely truncated anteriorly ; delicately striated C Length seven twentieths, breadth twelye twentieths of an inch. Agrees with E s description G Na arginata, as also with the figure to which he refers, and which Brocchi gives as the Arca pella, L. except that it wants the oblique strie. It differs, however, from A. pella, L. a recent species, as referred to by Lamarck in the Encyc. Meth., in being less sloping and somewhat carinated ante- s 328 Sketch of the Geology of Figures a and b are different views of this shell, of the natural size. In the same place I found two species of Mya. Only a single valve of one species was noticed ; which ap- peared to belong to Mya mercenaria. The other'l is much smaller, and bears a strong resemblance to the NucurA above described. It is represented below of the natural size. | I found, also, in this clay bed, two or three specimens of another small bivalve, which resembles a SaxicavA- But I have not been able to separate the valves so as to examine the hinge. The specimens are somewhat in- jured ; but a drawing of the most t perfect i is = given of the naturàl size. At the same ae f ny likewise a very small species of Burta; but Ï obtained only one or twọ speci- m I riorly, and in the truncation, which is so decided as to give an emar- is very marked. ‘The fold is ginate appearance pearance. ena nearly as distinct as in a TELLIN E ma Portland and its Vicinity. 329 mens. A well characterized, though not entire, speci- men of crab occurred in the same place. The clay at this spot (at the slide on Presumpscut river,) is laid bare from ten to twelve feet deep, and the remains above described, occur in its lower part. In the upper layers I found the peculiar relic which I have de- scribed and figured in my Report on the Geology of Massachusetts, as existing in the clay beds of the newest tertiary strata in that State. 1 have learnt nothing far- ther, since that account was made out, as to its nature. I can hardly doubt that it is of animal origin ; probably of the polypiferous class. It would seem that it consisted of a single spherical head, rarely more than an inch in diameter, with a simple tube of smaller size, proceeding from it downwards, several inches long. Indeed, it seems _ to have conformed in its structure to the living genus vora. Wherever I have met with it, and I have seen it in many clay beds, it has almost always occurred in the upper part of the stratum. In Maine I found it, not only at the spot above mentioned, but in the clay pits a mile or two west of Portland. Its occurrence at the slide, evidently in the same deposite as the shells that have been described, furnishes us with an important addition to our knowledge of those so numerous clay beds in New England, which I denominate the newest tertiary. Hitherto this polypiferous fossil was the only one that had been found in these deposites ; and from it we could not determine whether they were formed in fresh or salt water. But the shells at the slide all belong to marine genera, and they seem to indicate a similar origin for the whole deposite. Yet if such be the fact, the great infrequency of organic remains is difficult to ex | VOL. I.—PART III. 43 330 Sketch of the Geology of The concretions called claystones are common at the slide; and I have rarely met with so many of a spherical form. In some instances the fossil shells that have been described are wholly, or in part, imbedded in these con- cretions. ‘The figure below exhibits the smallest species of Mya, that has been described, thus partially enveloped. It would be desirable that some geologist should direct his attention to an elucidation of the subject of these con- cretions. The mode and laws of their production are certainly very obscure; although apparently connected with crystallization. I- find an almost universal impres- sion that their forms have been the result of running water; an opinion most clearly erroneous. Some of them have a nucleus at their centre; and frequently, some of the concentric layers are of different color from the general mass, so that they appear as if the work of art. Indeed, if I mistake not, one of them has been de- scribed within a year or two in Boston, (I have forgotten in what work,) with a drawing, as a curious relic of antiquity. But I have seen the specimen, and am sure it is all a deception. ï have marked on the map only three patches of ter- tary strata; one a short distance west of Portland, another along Presumpscut river, and a third near the mouth of Saco river ; although clay beds occur in many re E te en en Nt E H Portland and its Vicinity. 331 other places; but in these spots it is most abundant and well marked. Diluvium. In examining the geology of Massachusetts, I found, in every part of it, abundant and incontrovertible evidence of a powerful rush of waters over its surface from the north and northwest. often, and almost always with success, applied this fact to direct me in tracing boulders to the rock from which they were detached. When I went into Maine, with no knowledge of its geology, I undertook to apply the same principle. From Casco river to Portland, on Cape Elizabeth, and the islands in Casco Bay, the rocks in place, I found, were all some variety of slate. But the boulders scattered over the surface were nearly half gneiss ;. and I did not hesitate to predict, with great confidence, that a few miles to the north, this rock would be found in place. The sub- _ map will show how well verified was this predic- "The vicinity of Portland is not remarkable for. any extensive accumulations of diluvial detritus; I mean, compared with other parts of our country; with the eastern part of Massachusetts, for instance. The- penin- sula itself, on which the city stands, affords perhaps as good examples of such detritus as | met with. The northern and southern extremities are elevated above the general level of the city, by deposites of diluvium. The boulders here are chiefly gneiss and granite; the slates in the vicinity being among the most unyielding of all rocks. Now whoever is in doubt whether there are any marks of diluvial action in-the region of the city, let him stand a 332 Sketch of the Geology of upon one of these elevated spots, and account, if he can, for the accumulation under his feet, in any other mode than by a strong current from the north. If any cause now in action could have produced it, it has escaped my observation. But the diluvial grooves and scratches on the rocks around and within Portland, exhibit the agency of a former debacle of waters more strikingly than any thing else. I have never met with them any where else, so distinct and uniform in their direction. 'The slaty rocks of that region seem to be almost entirely unaffected by the disintegrating and decomposing agencies of the atmo- sphere. In fact, I apprehend that they exhibit almost the same appearance as they did immediately after the last deluge had swept over them. The tracks of a sleigh, or sled, through fresh fallen snow, are scarcely more dis- tinct, than the scratches upon some of these rocks. I took the direction of many of them with a pocket com- pass; and found them all running south, from 109 to 159 east. l shall name several places where: some of the best examples of these grooves may be seen; so that others will have an opportunity to verify my statements, or to prove them erroneous. Some very good examples may be found along the shore in the southeast part of the city, and also in the northeast part, especially a little beyond the tower. Also on the north side of Elm street, a little east of its intersection with Cumberland street; and in Fore street, near where Silver street intersects it. On Cape Eliza- beth, a tolerably good example exists on the western slope of the hill, a little west of the new meeting-house, opposite to Portland. In Westbrook, the cases are very numerous, and some of them very fine. They generally Portland and its Vicinity. 333 occur, however, not more than a mile or two from the shore; as the rock beyond that distance is so changed in its characters, that disintegration has obliterated the grooves. ‘The same is true in respect to the gneiss region generally. At the spot that has been described, a little east of the northern extremity of the toll bridge, leading from Westbrook to Portland, we find, both on the slate and the trap rock, some good examples of these grooves. On the road to Yarmouth I observed others, about two miles from the city. But I found them at length occurring so frequently, that I ceased to keep notes of their location. - In all the above cases, except perhaps that in Elm street, the course of the grooves makes so large an angle (from 509 to 709) with the direction of the strata, that there is little danger of confounding them with the grooves resulting from the unequal hardness of the suc- cessive layers of slate, whereby some of them disintegrate faster than others, and thus produce ridges and depres- sions. In Elm street, the grooves resulting from both these causes come much nearer to a coincidence than in other places. Still, I am confident that even there, some divergence may be seen between them. It cannot be expected, however, that diluvial grooves will be as dis- tinct in the streets of a city, where they are continually passed over by animals and men, as they are in the coun- try. I was surprised to find them in the city at all. ` The striking uniformity in the direction of the elevated edges of the slate in the vicinity of Portland, is another circumstance favorable to accuracy of observation upon these grooves. For where the direction is liable to ` change, as it often is in slaty rocks, within a few feet, the inexperienced observer especially, is liable to make mistakes. x 334 Sketch of the Geology of Slaty rocks, too, not unfrequently are so fissile, that their edges can hardly be made to exhibit a smooth hard surface by the action of water. But around Portland they adhere so closely to each other, that their edges, where worn, present as smooth and uniform a face as sienite and trap rock ; while at the same time they are much softer than the unstratified rocks. Hence the dis- tinctness of the diluvial grooves under consideration. And upon the whole, they are the finest examples that have ever come under my observation. It is known to the Society, that Dr. C. 'T.- Jackson has recently examined geologically, the whole coast of Maine ; and I take the liberty to quote here his testi- mony on the subject of a northerly diluvial current. “I discovered every where, in Maine,” says he, in a recent letter, * the fullest confirmation of your opinions respect- ing the last great cataclysm; and the boulders always led me directly to their origin as I proceeded north. The current was every where indicated to have been from the northwest towards the southeast. The details would take up too much room now." I trust these details will soon be given to the public. ! That same gentleman, in connexion with Mr. F. Alger in their Memoir on the Geology of Nova Scotia, give @ similar testimony in respect to the diluvial phenomena of that country. We have now, then, an almost un- broken series of observations on this subject, from the extremity of Nova Scotia, to the western side of our great. lakes, a distance of from 1900 to 1500 miles; and with a few local exceptions, perhaps, there is decisive evidence of a comparatively recent and powerful rush of waters from the north or northwest. In all cases, its direction appears to have been to the east of south; and Portland and its Vicinity. 335 from all the facts in the case, I presume that its general course was nearly southeast. I am aware that some writers, who profess to be acquainted with our geology, speak of the occurrence of this northerly current as a gratuitous assumption; probably, because it does not accord with their preconceived opinions, or perhaps their prejudices. But until they can hide from view those vast accumulations of detritus, which many parts of our country contain, and which dre uniformly found south- easterly from their parent beds; until they can convert the primary boulders of our great western prairies into secondary rocks; until they can obliterate those grooves and scorings, of which hundreds of examples exist in every part of New England at least, unprejudicéd ob- servers will certainly infer that a mighty debacle of water must formerly have rushed over this continent. No causes now in action, no drainings of former inland seas, will satisfactorily explain the phenomena of our dilu- vium. For the highest portions of New England at least, were swept over by the mighty wave. Nor could this deluge have happened before our present mountains were elevated. For in no instance out of the hundreds of diluvial grooves which I have examined, have I seen the least evidence of any change of level in the rocks containing them, since they were made; and had there been any such change, it is certain that some portions of the worn surface, especially of slaty rocks, must have been elevated more than others. But in every case, the entire surface, often several rods in extent, is as even as are the rocks in the bottom of a river, that have been smoothed and furrowed by the flood of a previous win- ter;—a decisive proof that no essential change of level has occurred since the diluvial current swept over them. 336 Sketch of the Geology of I am also aware that many able European geologists strongly object to the term diluvium as indicating a dis- tinct formation. ‘True, it is probably best to avoid terms in. description that involve theoretical considerations. But if ever they are allowable, it would seem to be in this case. For it ‘is difficult to conceive, how any one can carefully examine the diluvium of this country, and not come to the conclusion, that if not produced origin- ally by a deluge, it has all been modified and extensively changed in its location by such a catastrophe. In Europe, some geologists suppose that the superficial coat of travelled detritus has resulted from causes now in opera- tion, or from several deluges. But so far as this con- tinent is concerned, I cannot see how the conclusion can be avoided, that the last agency that has acted upon such detritus was a powerful current of water over the whole land from the north and northwest. We, there- fore, do not greatly err in calling this detritus diluvium ; however objectionable the term may be in Europe. I make these remarks after having carefully read what Mr. Lyell has said, in England, in his Principles of Geology, and M. Boué, in France, in his Mémoires Géologiques et Paléontologiques, on the other side of the question. I have dwelt longer on the subject of diluvium, because it has seemed to me, from the descriptions given us of this deposite in Europe, that its characters are much less satisfactorily developed in that quarter of the globe than in our country ; especially as it respects grooves and furrows upon the rocks in place. . This appearance is certainly not common there; but in New England, and in the eastern part of New York, I can say from long personal observation, that it is common. And it seems: Portland and its Vicinity. 331 to me that this is a very important. addition to the argu- ment. It may, indeed, be possible to trace erratic boul- ders to their origin without these marks... But without them, it will be difficult to decide whether the detritus was produced before or since the surface had assumed its present levels; and whether more than one deluge has been concerned in bringing it intó its present form. ^ No man, however, can examine these grooves; without-being satisfied that. the levels have not essentially changed since the grooves were formed, And then the general uni- formity of direction which they exhibit, over a vast extent of territory, proves that no local causes, such as’ are now. operating, could have: produced them. They could not have been formed when this continent consti- tuted. the. bed of an. ocean; nor by the retiring wave when it was elevated; but by a rise and. flood of waters since this pu of the. oe assumed its guns form and - essit i i a Gas of Geological 0 Change now in Action E There i is scarcely an elluvial depos in the vicinity. of Portland, that is extensive enough to deserve a place on the map, or that requires description. The: only spot. that I have represented às alluvial on the map, is the large sphagneous swamp. on the-southwest side of the city; and even. there, I apprehend that the deposite is rather thin, so as-to make it doubtful whether it deserved this notice. . But around Portland, and along the whole coast of Maine, are some causes of geological changes now at work, in such a manner as to deserve attention. Indeed, I have been much seen by them. VOL. I.—PART IH. ^ 44 338 Sketch of the Geology of Peat Beds and Submarine Forests. ` On Jewell’s Island there exists-a bed of peat and a ‘submarine forest. But I did not examine them. At Diamond Cove, on Hogg Island, (a spot famous for its scenery,) I found a peat swamp so situated, as perhaps to throw a gleam of light on the mode in which some submarine forests may have been produced. ` The barrier that separated the peat swamp from the ocean has been entirely removed; probably by the action of northeast storms ; whereby the strata, for thirty or forty rods in width, have been worn away so as to form the cove which opens to the northeast. “During high water, and especially during storms, the water overflows a consider- able part of the swamp. When it retires, it carries to- wards the cove more or less of the contents of the swamp, such as mud, peat, and the stumps and roots of trees. At low water these may be seen along the ‘slightly inclined plane that forms the shore, evidently waiting to be driven by the flux and reflux of the tide ; and to a greater dis- tance by the latter than the former; because in that direction the surface is sloping: In the lapse of ages it is clear that the whole swamp may be removed to a lower level, and all traces of its present level‘ be lost. And its new situation may probably appear so much like its original one, especially when seen only at low water, or TT when covered by the ocean, that the future observer may not suspect that there has ever been a removal. May not these facts explain the situation of some sub- mar forests ? $ ic i i < $ Portland and its Vicinity. — =sc>«q3839 Land Slip on Presumpscut River. I have already referred to this spot, as furnishing inter- esting organic remains. But it is still more important as affording an unusual example of change, which the earth’s surface is undergoing. It occurs near Pride’s Bridge, in the northerly part of Westbrook, on the north bank of the river. The stream in general is from six to eight rods wide, when at a medium height. At this particular spot, its course, which had been nearly north, suddenly turns nearly east, in consequence, probably, of the high bank. forming its northern shore. At the place where it makes this curve, it must of course undermine the bank; and probably in the course of ages, it has made consider- able inroads upon it ; for the opposite side of the river, A, (see the sketch below,) is a low alluvial meadow. Five or six years ago, the northern bank made one or two effectual reprisals; and by successive slides, whose whole width cannot be less than twenty rods, and their length twice as much, the river was entirely crowded out of its channel, and compelled to excavate a new one. The island at B appears to have been a part of the northern bank, which was thrust farther into the stream than the great mass of the bank that fell. The island C seems to have been the former southern bank of tbe river. 'The greater part of the stream now runs on the south side of it. The dotted lines passing over the slide show the former bed of the river, as MET as I could determine it. The northern bank, ‘beck of the slide, (D, D, D, D)i is elevated thirty or forty feet above the river. Its surface is more or less covered with small yellow pines, and _ these are the trees that are seen so abundant on the por- 340 Sketch of the Geology of tions of the surface, that appear somewhat like terraces over the face of the slide. ‘These portions seem to have slidden down successively, and in such a manner that their surfaces did not pitch forward, so as to incline to- Portland and its Vicinity. 341 wards the river, but in the opposite direction ; so that the trees all lean more or less from the river. The ridges on which they stand, are elevated but a few feet above the general level, which. is from fifteen. to twenty feet below the original level-of the plain. Between these ridges, the surface is composed of a very light bluish clay. And this stratum, occurring perhaps twenty feet below the surface, and being exceedingly plastie, appears to have been the principal occasion of so extensive a slide. The upper layers of clay are of a darker color; exactly resembling the clay beds that are scattered over New England so abundantly. Above the clay, are a few feet of light sandy soil, which constitutes the surface. | It is a. curious fact, that these slides took place, as I was informed by Mr. Edwards, of. Portland, in time of a drought, in summer. Perhaps the unusual. exsiccation caused the upper strata to crack more readily, while the stratum of whitish clay, being. so deep in the earth, still retained moisture enough to be very plastic. It is diffi- cult, however, to conceive how the slide should have been ‘so extensive, without’ any unusual convulsion. It certainly resembles those land slips that have resulted from earthquakes; but I have not learnt that such an event was concerned in its production. Ora 1 hope the annexed birds-eye sketch may enable the Society to form a more accurate idea of this land slip, than my description will. convey ; although it was taken in great haste and by the eye alone. And all the dimen- sions of this slide, that have been mentioned, are only approximative estimates, obtained in the same manner. But the case is too pde to be passed Mee notice. ^ >; i d 342 Sketch of the Geology of Action of the Sea upon the Coast. I can hardly believe that any part of the world presents finer examples of the abrading agency of the ocean upon the land, than the coast of Nova Scotia, Maine, and Mas- sachusetts. I shall, however, limit my remarks to a few cases that fell under my notice TONS my excursion to Portland. In sailing among: the islands in Casco Bay, said to be as numerous as the days of the year, I was struck with the fact that their longitudinal direction is almost always from southwest and northeast; and the same thing is gen- erally true of the numerous islands and capes along the coast, as far at least, as the mouth of Penobscot river. The explanation of this fact depends in a measure, I am persuaded, upon the fact that the strata run in that direc- tion. For the water gradually encroaches upon the softer portions of the strata; the harder ridges resisting its power much more succi: ; and thüs a succession of gulfs and capes is formed, running in the same direction as the strata. In a variety of ways these capes may be cut off, so as to become islands in the course of centuries. The northeast and southwest storms, also, are more vio- lent on this coast than any others; and the marks of their action are visible almost every where along the shore. The strata are not only denuded for miles often, but the harder portions of the strata remain projecting, some- ümes several rods beyond the general line of the coast. These walls are sometimes so narrow that the lateral action of the ocean beats. passages. through them, and de- tached portions of the rock stand, apparently without much support, and forming what in Europe are drongs. ‘The following sketch was taken at de south- western extremity of Jewell’s Island; but it conveys only Portland and its Vicinity. 343 an imperfect representation of the wildness c roughness of the spot. Te: The next sketch was taken from a point one hundred rods northwest of the two light houses, near the extremity of Cape Elizabeth.’ It conveys, however, but a faint idea of the ruggedness of the spot, exposed as it is to the fury of the northeast. storms. 344 Sketch of the Geology of In passing along the coast of Maine towards Massa- chusetts, Xt meet with many striking cases of the denuding ag acy of the ocean, after passing Cape Eliza- beth, till we reach Cape Ann. Here we should: expect to see the powerful effects of the northeast storms, that sweep along this coast with tremendous violence. Ac- cordingly we find that the island on which the light houses are placed, a little in\advance of the end of the Cape, is almost entirely swept of vegetable life, and even of soil ; presenting nothing but sea-beaten, dark brown masses of sienite ; the only rock, perhaps, that could so long have resisted the furious concussion of the-waves. "There can be no doubt but this island was once covered with soil, and probably was connected: with the Cape.: The Cape itself is little else than a mass of sienite, especially its shores, as high as the waves wash them in a storm. The following sketch of ‘the ‘Island, with the light houses, and of the Cape behind ‘it, was taken as we rushed past the É spot in a steam-boat. : Proceeding from Cape Ann to Boston, we see, con- tinual, and most striking evidence of a mighty aqueous ` t M Portland and its Vicinity. 345 agency in the naked rocky islands and s s, especially at Marblehead and Nahant. As we en 0 P [] most islands, as the Graves and the Outer ÉBhewiteis, are composed of naked rock, or nearly so. But those more within the harbor, are covered with a thick diluvial coat ; except that on their northeasterly, northerly, and north- westerly sides, the sea is encroaching upon this diluyiu so that ub. are precipitous, appearing like the banks of a river which the stream is wearing away. No such denudation is exhibited on those islands, which, by being more within the harbor, are protected from the fury of the waves; nor, so far as I have observed, does any other than a northern or eastern shore present this appearance ; showing clearly, that it results from north- easterly storms. Nor can a doubt remain but that the outermost ‘islands have, by the same process, been swept of their diluvial coat. Indeed, who can doubt but nearly the whole coast of Essex county, and I might add, of a great part of the coast of Maine, has been thus denuded: Amid the rapidly changing scenery of Boston harbor, as we pass through it in a steam-boat, I caught at one moment the sketch below. But I am not sure whether the group of islands - ‘represented is that of Calf Island, the Great Brewster, &c. or Lovell’s, on s, &c. "The VOL. I.—PART III. i m presuming that Dr. De Kay v = pai re 346 Geology of Portland. direction in which these islands were seen, — the sketch was taken, was southerly. Geological Changes produced by Molluscous Animals. I have been much interested in some observations and facts communicated to me recently by Dr. James E. De - Kay, now resident at Oyster Bay, Queen's county, Long sland. And I take the liberty to give them i a use of a private letter. * [ have resided latterly,” says he, “ on the shore of a large bay, on the northern coast of Long Island; and the changes effected on its sandy beach by winds, tides, and apparently irregular currents, have attracted much of my attention. It has, however, often been a matter of great difficulty to account for the deposition. of materials in places, where, from the operation of the above named causes, they certainly ought not to be found. ‘Will the following facts throw any light on this subject ? “In a calm, still day, I have frequently noticed the surface of the water covered with patches of sand, vary- ing in extent from one to six or eight inches square. These patches are composed, of course, only of the finer portions of sand, adhering to each other by a thin film of gelatinous matter, which gives buoyancy. to the mass. I have been surrounded frequently, by patches of this kind, ` in tolerably pes contact, and covering a surface of several hundred acres. The lightest touch of an oar, or a slight breeze, causes them to sink immediately. The rationale of their formation I conceive to be this. ‘The shore we know to be peopled with myriads of minute mollusca, furnishing, either by their excretions, or their own proper bodies, a gelatinous substance, which hardens upon ex- & * * de Fishes of Massachusetts. 347 posure to the sun, and forms a crust including the subja- cent sand. In this state the tide comes in quietly, de- taches successive portions of this crust, in larger or smaller pieces, which are borne away by the retreating tide. May not this silent and hitherto unnoticed transportation coun- teract, to a certain extent, the operation of other known agents? It is not philosophical, I admit, to impute im- portant effects to slight and apparently inadequate ; but it is equally unphilosophical to neglect ae nomena ur e nature and extent of their agency has been thordüghly investigated." I will only add, that I possess some c these sandy films, found on the coast in the southeast part of Massa- chusetts, to which the dried animals are still attached. I hope the attention of geologists, who are favorably situated for observing this phenomenon, will be excited to the subject. ART. XV.—AN EXAMINATION OF THE * CATALOGUE OF THE MARINE AND FRESH WATER TM Cr MASSA- CHUSETTS, by J. V. C. Smita, M. D.,” contained in —à€ Ms s * Report on the Geology, Minpsdegp, dei usetts.” By D. Humrureys Storer, M. D. Read em 16, Excaczp the last season in arranging the icthyological of this Society, I was compelled unavoidably, to examine “A Catalogue of Marine and Fresh Water Fishes of Massachusetts,” contained in Professor Hitch- cock’s Report. Some well-known fishes I found omit- ted—several were incorrectly named—and many includ- ed, which I think further investigation will show should 348 Examination of the Catalogue of not be. It would have been much more grateful to miy feelings, had another referred to it; but associated as we are, in search of the truth, and pledged to re- move every obstacle which may check our advance to- wards it, I conceive it the duty of each one of us, how- ever much we may be regardful of personal feelings, to come up here, and speak out frankly and freely—with- -holding nothing ourselves, which we might hope for from $ another. With these views, Ï have felt it due to the character of this Society, to commence an examination of this catalogue--published as it is to the scientific world, with the author's name, and under the auspices of a justly distinguished Professor. 3 ; In the first place, I would call the attention of the Society to several fishes which do not appear in the Catalogue. ete a. The beautiful Squatus punctatus, so well described by Mitchell, in his paper on the Fishes of New York, contained in the first volume of the Transactions of the Literary and Philosophical Society of New York, has not been noticed. This fish is often taken in our bay; itis | sometimes met with, twelve feet or more in length, an is. exceedingly voracious. The CARCHARIAS glaucus of the catalogue, was probably intended for this fish ; a slight investigation will show the difference in the two fishes. . The Crvrza fascidta, Le Sueur, common in our market in the spring.of the year, and called, as well as the vernális, alewife, by the fishermen, is omitted. _ In the cabinet of the Society, is a fine specimen of the Zoarcuus labrosus of. Cuvier, from three to four feet in length, taken in our bay, and presented by Captain Cou- thouy. Dr, Mitchell first described this fish as the the Fishes of Massachusetts. 349 But one species of Ancurixa is mentioned» So long ago as the year 1817, Mr. Le Sueur read a paper be- fore the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, in which he described two new species of ANcuriua, Cuv., (Murzna, Lacepede,) which he procured in otir market, and named Murzna Bostoniénsis, and Murzna argéntea. We look in vain in the catalogue for the beautiful Hemrrriptervs Americanus, which, when alive, is one of the most splendid inhabitants of our waters. Although Pennant had described this in his Arctic Zoology, Dr. Mitchell again described and figured.it, in his fishes of New York as the Scorrœna flava. In the invaluable ** Histoire des Poissons” of Cuvier and Valenciennes, a new genus is formed, called Hemrrriprervs; _ this species constitutes. the genus. It is not only indigenous to, but is very common on our coast. A remarkably large and beautiful specimen of it is-in our cabinet. I have lately added another, in which the markings are differently colored ; it appears to be a variety. . Another species which has been passed over, is the SzBasTESs Norvégicus of Cuv. et Valenc., the Perca marina of Pennant. The fine specimen in the Society's cabinet, I purchased several years since in our market ; it was taken in deep water in our Bay. It is but rarely met with here. By the fishermen, it is called the snapper. Although four species of the genus Corrus are men- tioned, some of which are very rarely, if ever, found here, the most common fish on our coast and in our danki, Known not only to the experienced fisherman, but to the boy with his pin-hook,—the sculpin,—described by Dr. Mitchell, as the Corrvs octodecimspinosus, and since in- corporated i into the great work of Cuvier and Valenciennes, isomitted. It was evidently mistaken for, and. catalogued as the C. scórpius. 350 Examination of the Catalogue of | But these deficiencies are not all which should claim our attention. "To correct what has already been done, is as necessary as to add materials. I ‘trust I may be excused therefore for pointing out errors, which, were they overlooked by the members of this Society, would imply, on their part, indifference at least, if not gross ignorance. The common pickerel is catalogued as the Esox lucius. The identical specimen which belonged to the cabinet of the gentleman who prepared this catalogue, belongs now to this Society, as well as several others of the same species. It is not the European species; the lucius is not found here; but, it is the reticulatus, very accurately described by Le Sueur in the first volume of the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. In the family crprivi stands the Cyprinus atrond- sus. Hence it would seem, that the fact of a new genus being formed by Le Sueur, seventeen years since, to receive the mud fishes or minnows, was unknown to the gentleman who furnished. this list. Three species of Le Sueur’s Hridi found i in the vicinity of Boston, already belong to our cabinet. ` ` The scientific name for the species of SitvRvs indicated, may be readily found in the volume of which the author seems to have made free use in the formation of his cata- logue. Dr. Mitchell has very accurately described it, as the S. catus. It T to the genus PriwELopvus of Lacepéde. A fish has this season been brought to our market in larger quantities than at any previous time, which the fishermen call the English turbot: I have carefully ex- amined this = have satisfied myself that it is not the turbot. E ` the Fishes of Massachusetts. 351 The turbot, on its back, is covered with small tubercles ; the scales are very minute, making the skin to appear as if wrinkled. It has been known to weigh as much as thirty pounds. ‘This fish, unlike the turbot, has the eyes on the left side, if it is placed erect on its belly, with its tail towards the observer: the color of the left side is of a light brown, covered with spots of a deeper color, varying in their form and dimensions—some almost cir- cular, and surrounded with a white or yellowish ray ; the ^ scales not strikingly small, and appearing to a careless observer as if serrated. x Right side bluish white, immaculate. “The dorsal fin commences like that of the turbot, in front of the eye, between it, and the angle of the upper jaw. The mem- brane between the three first dorsal rays is more deeply cleft than in any of the remainder; this fin is continued nearly to the tail, from which it is separated by a very . small space ; the anal fin is continued to the base of the tail opposite the dorsal. j Besides the deeply colored spots which are distribut irregularly over the left side of this fish, its margin, as well as the dorsal and anal fins, are sprinkled thickly with white dots; these are more strongly marked in the specimen I most carefully examined, at the base of the tail and on e fins. The characters then, by which it may be distinguished, are these: lis eyes are on the left side; those of the turbot are on the right: its left side, or what would commonly be called the back, is smooth; the corresponding side in the turbot is covered with tubercles: the turbot grows to the weight of thirty pounds; it is unusual to find this species weighing more than twelve or fourteen, and this is probably near the maximum weight: the lower jaw of 352 Examination of the Catalogue of the turbot is regularly oblique; in this species, quite a projection is obvious at the chin: the flesh of the turbot is much more delicate. Mitchell’s description of the watery-flounder, PLevro- NECTES aqudsus, answers in most particulars to this fish ; it is probably the same. In Professor Hitchcock’s Fipan the Raclids maxi- mus, or turbot, is catalogued as being found in on r waters : the fish I have thus briefly described is called here, the turbot. The fishermen tell me it is the only fish, called turbot, which is caught with us. If so, there is a mis- take in the catalogue; and the turbot is not found in the waters of Massachusetts. > The striped bass is catalogued as the Perca labrax. But our rock-fish is not the European Teee; but the LaBrax lineàtus of Cuvier. Under the genus OsTRACION, is cütaloéued the species bicaudalis. ‘The specimen intended to be designated here, was taken alive, three years since, among the sea-weed on the beach, at Martha's Vineyard, and sent to the So- ciety by Dr: L. M. Yale, of Holmes Hole. In the * Natural History of Fishes of Massachusetts," a work by the author of this catalogue, a | description, accompanied by a figure of this identical specimen, is attempted, néither of which applies to our fish. The author of the above named work says, ** the body is marbled and dotted as it were, with black." The fish there alluded to, is on the Society’s table; not a black point is to be seen on any portion of its surface. ‘The figure corresponds with the figure of the bicau- dalis in Strack, in Shaw’s Zoology, and Rees’ Encyclo- pedia, but does not in the slightest degree hea = Society’s specimen | Laiok atthe figure’: cack hexagons! piao ix hiit; and the Fishes of Massachusetts. 353 contains several distinct black dots. Look at the speci- men; each plate has an elevated centre, from which raised radii diverge to each of its angles. This error would not, however, have been referred to, before a sci- entific society, had it not been continued in the catalogue under consideration—which, appearing as it does, among the labors of several of the most accurate naturalists of may be accounted by the student as authority. ose this to be an undescribed species, and, in discoverer, would call_it Osrracion Yalei. O. Yalei. Body triangular, all upper portion, of a light lurid appearance, covered with hexagonal plates, each containing six raised lines; two subcaudal spines, short and somewhat incurved ; back of dorsal fin, a large isolated plate three quarters of an inch in length, com- posed of portions of several plates, separated from the rest of the horny cuticle by a continuation of the liga- mentary substance in which is imbedded the fin. Form of the body very similar to the bicaudalis ; the entire surface, as far back as the dorsal. and ventral fins, is covered with hexagonal divisions or plates. These are very large, back of the eyes and ventral fins, and include an immense number of small granulations, which are subdivided by six elevated lines of similar tubercles ; in front of the eyes and pectoral fins, these plates are smaller and less distinct; the body beneath, white and covered with similar'scales ; from the angle of the eye to the ligamentary substance at the base of the tail, are included ten plates in a direct line: from the highest point of the back to the belly nine similar rows of plates; behind the dorsal fin is a surface of ligamentary substance, three inches in length, of a darker color than VOL. Y.— PART HI. 46 } _ 354 Examination of the Catalogue of the rest of the surface, extending to the caudal fin, and containing, just: back of the dorsal fin, one isolated plate. Subcaudal spines short, stout, smooth, and a little in- curved. Mouth large, prominent, armed with large, strong teeth ; eyes large, and distant an inch and a half from the mouth ; nostrils less than a quarter of an inch in front of eyes. The number of rays contained i in the fins are as follows: 5 ‘D. 10. P. 12, Av10. C. 10. f The length of this specimen, in its present dried state, is fourteen inches. From the contracted and wrinkled appearance of the ligamentary portion at the base of the tail, it must vary considerably from the size of the living fish. (Plate VIII.) longing to our cabinet, is a species of this genus, presented to the Society by the Massachusetts Historical Society, which corresponds pretty well with the descrip- tion of the bieaudális, but differs somewhat ; and should it be decided to belong to that species, it must be consid- ered a variety. In all the figures of the bicaudalis, I have had an opportunity of examining, each hexagonal plate is represented with one or more black spots, contained within the limits of the plate: the orbitar membrane exhibits none of these dots. ‘Our specimen is covered entirely with disks, resembling those of some species of ASTERIAS. The centre of these disks has, in some instances, an oval black spot ; ; in others, it is. wanting ; ; but in all cases, the disks are surrounded with these large, circular, deep brown spots, which are probably black in the living specimen. These are smaller in front of the pectoral fins, and are not only continued over the entire tail, but are distributed over the membrane of the orbit. | Since this paper was read to the T I have seen the Fishes of Massachusetts. ` => 355 a species of Osrnacrow belonging to.the gentleman who prepared the catalogue, the examination of which I have thus commenced. This specimen was taken on a ge reef at the Island of . Trinidad by Captain Joseph P. Couthouy. It has been mistaken for the bicaudalis, but is a perfectly distinct species. No description of the isodi I have had access to, refers to an isolated plate, between the inen fin and tail, which is a principal character of this fish. In the figures of the bicaudalis, the plates enclose regularly distributed tubercles; and are not divided into distinct sections, by slightly raised strie, as in this species. In many of their characters, this fish and the Yálei correspond. It is considerably larger, of a yellowish-brown color, and its surface presents a great number of circular black spots. But in the number of the rays of the dorsal, pec- toral and anal fins, they are similar ; the contracted state of the caudal fin prevents us from ascertaining the number of its rays. ` They both have two subeaudal spines. In this, however, they are much shorter and less curved. Immediately back of the pectoral fins in this fish, are several deep black undulating linés: the plates in front of the pectoral fins are immaculate; all the other plates contain several circular black spots, varying in number from. three to six, eight, and even ten. In both these fishes, the plates are similarly divided, but the diverging rays are much less prominent in this fish. In both, the peculiar plate, back of the dorsal fin, exists. This plate, in the Yálei, is composed of three portions. ln this fish, it is made up of two equal portions. In the former, this plate is separated by a very narrow canal of ligament only, from the general horny cuticle ; in the latter, it is t a l 356 amination of the Catalogue, &c. divided by a space of a third of an inch at least, in its nar- rowest point; this circumstance, however, may be merely accidental. Both these fishes may be the O. Yálei, but neither - of them can be mistaken for the bicaudàlis. The following are the Fishes not mentioned in the Catalogue; which have been added in this paper: Labraz lineàtus, Cuv. et Valenc. Cottus octodecimspinosus, Mitchill. Hemitripterus Americànus, Cuv. et Valenc. Sebastes Norvégicus, Cuv. &c. Zourchus labròsus, Cuv. &es =: &3 Esox reticulatus, Le Sueur.. RS Clipea fasciata, Le Sueur. aquòsus, Mitchill. Murena Bostoniénsis, Le Sueur. Mz. argéntea, Le Sueur. "EH Ostracion Yalei, Nobis. Squalus punctatus, Mitchill. ' The foregoing remarks have been called forth, by a desire to see a more perfect Catalogue of the Fishes of Massachusetts. While the other departments of Natural Science among us, are yearly enlisting the aid of zealous and devoted students, who capture, with enthusiasm, the minutest insect—and carefully separate from collected sand, the microscopic shell—and arrange both, with sci- entific knowledge, Iclithyology, if not despised, is utterly ‘neglected. It is time an effort should be made by this Society, to become better acquainted with the inhabitants of our waters; and while the slight means possessed by the writer, shall be employed to the best of his ability, he trusts that others, possessing superior advantages for their _ investigation, will as freely offer the fruits of their labors. à ë tlle x - $ 2 Chemical Analysis, &c. 357 ART. XVI.—CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF THREE VARIETIES OF BITUMINOUS COAL, AND ONE OF ANTHRACITE. By C. T. Jacxson, M.D Decemser 6th; 1835. The bituminous specimens were analyzed in the order of the numbers. Their locali- ties were at the time, to me unknown. They are now added. All the specimens belong to the species called by Werner black coal, and are distinct varieties of that species, d ing in composition. ORREL COAL. No. 1, is a black, shining kind of coal, having a strati- fied appearance caused by layers of mineral charcoal, or the remains: of charred vegetable fibre. It breaks into irregular pieces of a bright and glossy appearance. There are a few particles of foliated iron pyrites, or bi-sulphuret of iron, between the joints; but in such minute quantities as not to affect its value. 'The streak made by this coal on wedgewood ware is brown. It burns with a large, yellow flame, and leaves a light porous coke of small bulk. Specific gravity — 1.979. It cakes in burning, and will serve either for fuel in parlors, ór for the forge, furnace and gas works; for the latter purpose care should be used in selecting it free from the sulphuret of iron. One hundred grains of this coal yidi on analysis í 64. Volatile matter, consisting of bitumen and coal gas 35.3 1000 > ` 358 Chemical Analysis of The coke submitted to analysis gave Carbon 63.4 This coal consisted of Oxide of iron 1.0 ` the he ingredients: Silica and alumina or clay u3 Carbo 63.4 cee on 35.3 (ET Oxide of iron 1.0 " Hs Alumina and silica 0.3 100.0 NEWCASTLE COAL. No. 2. It is of a jet black color, giving a dark, brown- ish black streak on porcelain. It is We a its struc- ture, and contains an abundance of mineral charcoal, or ligneous fibres changed into coal. It breaks into irregular shaped pieces, and the fracture is strongly resinous, and of a deep velvet black color. It is perfectly free from sulphuret of iron. It burns with a very large and bril- liant yellow flame, and when distilled, gives forth an abundance of coal gas free from sulphur. Specific gravity — 1.320. One hundred pue yields on analysis 62.5 Ute TM coke analyzed p Bitumen (35 Car s ` Jeete or of iron - ak à ` 100.0 Silica and alumina .. 0.5 62.5 Composition of the coal. Carbon tA 515 _ Bitumen - 37.5 Oxide of iron | 45 Silica and alumina 0.5 — 300.0 This coal is highly bituminous, and on that account it is very valuable for "— and for the blacksmith's "m Yer. * T ARR ^ À * * ee Four Varieties of Coal. 359 forge. It will also answer perfectly well for the parlor fire and for steam engines of every kind. It is generally, like the specimen before me, free from sulphur. It will be especially valuable for the above uses. COAL FROM FROSTBERG, Ma. No. 3. This is a very beautiful, brilliant and glossy jet black coal, of a columnar structure, and breaks into sharp, splintery or square fragments. Tt contains a few vegetable fibres, or mineral charcoal. It is a perfectly clean coal, free from dust, and does not soil the fingers. It burns d a clear yellow flame, without smoke, and swells into a spongy coke, very light and brilliant. It gives out coal gas when distilled, but not so readily, nor in so great abundance, as the former varieties. Specific gravity = 1.321. One hundred grains of this coal yield Coke | The coke yields on T Bituinen and gas 16.5 n : OPE, dnas miam Alumina & oz. iron a trace ip 331000- à Silica K 2.0 à *# i 83.5 Companion of this coal. ` E. Car 71.9 un 16.5 Piton and ox. iron "8.6 Silica 1 2.0. 100.0 0 This coal is of an excellent qualite for APER fires, furnaces, forges, steam engines, and for the manufacture of coke. It will not be economical for the manufacture of coal gas. When burnt, it will leave a white ashes remaining, after combustion, in the grate. I should prefer it, for domestic use, to any coal I have ever seen. i 360 Chemical Analysis, gc. "> TT ANTHRACITE FROM MansriELD, Mass. . ge SUN. deer "d m ` This coal is found in a bed on the estate of Mr. Alfred ardon. The bed, which is two feet wide, is included . in grau-wacke, with wacke impregnated with carbon, . and intersected by numerous stems of fossil plants, be- longing apparently to the EQUISETACEJE. Carbonifer- ous slate, or slate filled with impressions of species of the genus of fossil plants called Neurorrertis by Brong- niart, and containing casts of a plant closely allied to the cactus tribe, is also found in immediate contact with the coal. One species similar to the Equisetum stelliformis, Harlan, was also found. The strata and bed of coal run E. N. E., W. S. W., and dip 52? to the N. N. W. The ` specimens of coal anilyzed were taken from the bed by myself, and were examined a few days after my visit to Mansfield. * Oct. 30th, 1835. Two specimens were selected for analysis. The specific gravity of one was 1.71 and of the other 1.73. . A specimen of anthracite from Peach Mountain, Pa., was of the specific gravity 1.49. The specimen of anthracite from Mansfield, whose specific gravity was 1.71, pulverized and submitted to analysis, by mixing it with chloride of sodium and nitre, and deflagrating it in a red hot platina crucible, and then qu dissolving and res ege, the foreign mat- ters, gave, in 100 grains, Carbon . 98 The other specimen gave Per oxide of iron and alumina 9 Carbon ity : d Per oxide of iron and alumina 4 4 “700 This < coal burns like the Peach Mountain anthracite, and leaves red ashes. Explorations are now going on for the purpose of discovering a wider bed. QE => BOSTON JOURNAL OF NATURAL HISTORY. Yol 34.4 Y4: 1837, : . No. 4. itt ie T ERE ET ae ART. XVIL—DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW SPECIES OF NORTH M ERICAN HYMENOPTERA, AND OBSERVATIONS ON rh fon ME ALREADY DESCRIBED. By Tuomas Say. s [Concluded from p. 305.] MERIA, Jur. M. phr Q Black ; tergum with eee bands and Body black: head above aia with a transverse line, slightly interrupted in middle, an orbital line, a and short line behind the eyes, yellow: mandibles pice- a ous: thorax with two transverse ‘spots before, a small, triangular one above the wing-scale, a transverse one be- : hind the scutel, and a bi-lobed one each side behind, yel- low ; 3 each side of the middle of the thorax are two bbreviated, somewhat oblique, impressed lines: mefa- thorax with a double yellow longitudinal side and obvious transverse ruge : pleure with a triangular spot under the superior wings, a small oblique line over the intermediate feet, yellow : wings with a brown mar angit tergum VOL. I.—PART IV. $ * Say’s Descriptions of add a yellow band on the middle or before it, of each is “segment, excepting the last ; the second band interrupted 2 T into two transverse, oval spots : venter with a longitudinal, lateral spot on the second segment and a transverse lateral ` one on the third, yellow: £ars? and intermediate and posterior pairs of tibie piceous; a yellow apos on the posterior coxe. Length half an inch. Var. «œ Middle of the thorax with a small double yellow spot. The observations E I had occasion to ai relative to the generic affinities of Presta margináta, Nob., are exactly applicable to this species. ` It agrees precisely with Jurine’s character of Puxsia, but differs from Mi- ZINE, Latr. by having the mandibles entirely destitute of teeth, a character which it has in common with MERIA, - Ill., but the form of its wing-scale, will not admit of its being referred to the latter genus; I have, however, in this instance, been guided by the characters laid down by Latreille in the Régne Animale (first Edition). 9. M. margináta. . (PLEsrA marginàta, Nob., Western -3. M. collàris. Collar with an interrupted band and two spots yellow. Ls Inhab. Indiana. ` - | Body black: head jish two spits above the antenne, frontal orbits, and dilated line behind the eyes, yellow : mandibles dark piceous, black at tip: collar with an interrupted band on the posterior margin and two spots. É before, yellow : thoraz with a- small yellow spot abov the wings = wing-scale dull honey-yellow with a pee spot: wings yellowish, fuliginous, dusky. on th n behind the scutel is a transverse North American Hymenoptera. 363 yellow line: metathorax somewhat sericeous, without any appearance of ruge, and with two: yellow longitudinal ` spots: tergum with a somewhat varied reflection ; first ` and second segments with a lateral yellow spot, (those of the former probably, in-some specimens obsoletely con- . nected); third and fourth segments with a lateral basal yellow spot, connected by a slender line ; fifth ‘segment with an obsolete yellow lateral spot: pleura with a yel- low spot under the anterior wings: feet, anterior knees . , and tibial dilated line yellow; intermediate and posterior tibie and all the tarsi ferruginous: anal segment above minutely lineated, and at tip, dull ferruginous. - Length over three fifths of an inch. . This species is larger than costáta, Nob. which it much vaiet. but may be distinguished by the sericeous appearance of the metathorax and the absolute destitution of ruge on that part ; in the costata also, the lateral spots of io metathorax are double. E Fabr. 1. S. „ ephippium. ` Blac im iclscinto with fulvous. .. Inhab. Mexico. ©- Body black: wings dark violaceous ; cabasi cellules two, the second receiving two recurrent nervures, and with an abbreviated nervure proceeding from its base ; the tip of the wing: tergum violaceous-black ; conc and third segments fulvous, with.a narrow boni [terminal black margin : beneath black : venter slightly tinged vit violaceous : thighs not remarkably robust. - Length @ over one inch and one tenth. Ae A large and fine species. > >` ` >. lo sgios Ce on Na E x sa 364 Say’s Descriptions of 2. S. dubia. Black; abdomen ferruginous behind, with two yellow spots on the third segment. Inhab. United States. Body black : head and thorax immaculate : wings dark violet-blue : cubital cellules two, with no appearance of more than one recürrent nervure : abdomen, first and second segments black ; remaining segments ferruginous ; more. hairy, somewhat, than the others ; the third seg- ment, however, more or less tinged with blackish and with two transversely oval, a little oblique, bright yellow spots. T ig ; Length four fifths of an inch. A very fine, though rather common species, in various . parts of the Union. 3. S. confluénta; Nob. (Western Quarterly Reporter). I think it highly probable that Drury's fig. 5, pl. 44, vol. i, is intended for this insect. I was deterred from quoting this figure in consequence of its yellow head and four- banded tergum ; but the head is truly, on its front and base, covered with yellowish cinereous hair, as well as the anterior part of the collar; this may agree with Drury's observation thatythe “head is of a pale yellow, in front” and * the neck is hairy and of a lemon color.” The species also probably varies in having four yellow ands. Drury’s figure is that of a female, and my speci- men agrees with it- in having an- immaculate thorax and scutel, as in the. fossulàna, Fabr. which I believe to be in reality, the female of this same species, and of course the same as that of Drury; whereas he quotes Drury's figure as that of radula, F. which appears to be the male, if I may judge by the “thorace maculato” and other corresponding characters. I have no index to the first volume of Drury, but Fabricius quotes the figure as North American Hymenoptera. 365 . Senex plümipés, Drury. If this be correct, Drury has the priority, and the name and synonyms, will stand : us. - "itn plümipes, Drury. fossulàna, Fabr. (female). * . rádula, Fabr. (male). * confluénta, Say. (female). | de^ — CrnoParrs, Lat. 1. C. interripta. Black, spotted and banded with yellow ; wings dusky ; antenne and feet honey-yellow ; tarsi yellow. Inhab. Indiana. Antenne honey-yellow ; first joint, bright-yellow : labrum yellow, black at base : hypostoma yellow, with a quadrate spot and i incisures black : orbits dilated, yellow, interrupted above: thoraz impunctured ; margin of the. . anterior segment all around, longitudinal spot each side ` = of the scutel and transverse spot behind the scutel, yel- : low : metathorax at tip kal 24 with yellow, posterior band clavate each side on the pleura: wings fuliginous, particularly on the cubital cellules and tip : abdomen ferruginous, varied with obsolete yellow and black bands ; and with two yellowish spots on the first segment: pleura with a spot behind the wings and a larger one over the intermediate feet, yellow : cove varied with yellow : thighs honey-yellow, black at base : tibie honey-yellow, yellow at base: farsi yellow. . Length two fifths of an inch. Closely allied to jfascidta, Nob. but the priate: is not distinctly punctured, the e wings. are dusky &c. ci 10h À 366 Say’s Descriptions of 2. C. apicalis. Black; wings black at tip ; abdomen | with a rufous band ; tip white. Inhab. Indiana. Body black : hypostoma hoary : collar on the posterior margin white: wings hyaline with a fuliginous tip, in which is an obsolete hyaline spot or band: metathorax dull silvery ; abdomen rather slender towards the base ; second segment, excepting on its posterior margin, fulvous ; anal segment white : posterior tibie with a white line on the posterior side : intermediate and posterior tarsi with the second, third and fourth joints = with black = i over two fifths of an inch E CHLORION, bs C. canaliculàtum, | Nob. (AururEx, Western Quarterly Reporter, vol. ii, p. 16. ) The name Curonriow has priority over shes of Aiea LEX given by Jürina: } ron Fabr. Latr. ids B. longiróstra. Firum ihtida beyond the insertion of the intermediate feet ; superior wings with the marginal and last: eid cells divided by a ane distinet space. - Inhab. Mexico. Body black, with short, cri white hair: antenne . tinged with y piceous ; first joint white beneath : anterior orbits dull white : nasus whitish, with two black spots: labrum white, with a bi-lobate, black spot at base : rostrum honey-yellow, extending nearly to the origin of the pos- terior feet : collar, anterior and posterior margins white : S S we - ; North American Hymenoptera. 367 thorax with a very small fulvous, abbreviated line each side of the middle, and a small, double, fulvous spot behind the middle: scutel with a white lateral spot’: metathorax with a white line at base and an oblique one each side towards the tip: tergum- varied with yellow and black or green and black ; the posterior margins of the segments, dull rufous ; about four distinct black spots : feet -honey- yellow : thighs black beneath : Zars? paler: venter honey- yellow, with a black spot before the anterior spine. Length from seven tenths to four fifths of an inch. With the short maxillary palpi and the one toothed mandible of Bemserx, this insect has the radial and last cubital cellules as widely separated at their tips as in Monepura. The proboscis is not folded, but extended horizontally beneath the body. These characters may justify. the formation of a distinct genus, or at least of a division, under the name of STENIOLIA. 2. B. fasciàta, Fabr. A male in my cabinet bas six bands upon the térgum. and two spots on the ultimate segment ; the first band is double the width of that of the female, and is interrupted by a very small space only ; second band not interrupted, but its two lunules are so continued as to enclose two black spots; third band with the lunules not or hardly interrupted ; fourth and fifth bands interrupted ; sixth band entire, undulated ; spots on the ultimate segment, orbicular; the female has but five Gonrrzs, Latr. G. phaleratus. Black, sericeous, varied with yellow ; wings dusky. Inhab. Indiana. + r 368 ` Say $ ean” gh of Body blackish, impunctured : head golden sericeous:- antenne, basal joint yellowish : nasus and mouth, except- ing the tip of the mandibles, pale yellow: thorax, poste- b rior margin of the collar, abbreviated line over the wings, and wing-scale, yellow : scutel yellow : wings dusky, purplish-fuliginous, tinged with yellowish towards the base; stigma small; second cubital cellule obviously hexagonal : metathorax with two large, oblong-oval, yellow spots ; triangle at base, destitute of small lines and with but a single impressed line : tergum, basal segment yellow ; posterior narrow margin, and lobed spot on the disk com- ing with the base, black ; second segment yellow p posterior margin, the yellow rather dull and a little undulated on its inner edge : third and fourth seg- ments with obsolete yellowish posterior margins : pleura somewhat silvery sericeous, with three almost confluent yellow spots in a line with the collar: feet pale, honey- yellow; thighs and core, with more or. less of black above. s . Length about half an inch. This is a large species. The character which Jurine mentions as. common to all the species, of having behind - the scutel a triangular space, in which parallel lines are sculptured, is so modified in this species as to present the triangle with only a simple longitudinal impressed line. Nysson, Latr. N. aurinotus. Black ; ; metathorax two-spined; tergum with three lateral spots. Inhab. Indiana. Body black, punctured : head before with a slight yellowish sericeous reflection ; mandibles piceous : «collar North American Hymenoptera. . 869 am with an obscure golden margin, terminating in a spot: metathorax with a golden spine each side, in a golden spot: wings dusky : tergum on the posterior edges re- flecting whitish ; at base of the first segment, obscure golden sericeous ; posterior margins of the first, second and third segments, each with a yellow band widely i inter- rupted in the middle, the anterior one largest: feet honey- yellow : thighs black at base. Length three tenths of an inch. Readily distinguishable from N. 5-spindsus, N she ` Re- sembles N. interrúptus, F- but the areolæ of the meta- thoracic spines are not gilded in that species. — » Psen, Latr. 1. P. méllipes. @ Black, with a silvery reflection ; antenne at base, tibiz and tarsi PORDAS Inhab. Indiana. ` Body black: head beneath the antenne yellowish- silvery : occiput with a silvery reflection : antenne to the seventh joint honey-yellow: mandible piceous: thorax with longitudinally confluent punctures, a slender trans- verse line before, four or six obsolete spots near the scutel and two large obvious ones near the insertion of the petiole of the abdomen: wings hyaline ; nervures black ; stigma brown ; second. cubital cellule receiving both recurrent nervures : abdomen immaculate, with a few hairs towards the tip ; petiole as long as the posterior tarsi or rather longer, arcuated, piceous :. tibie and tarsi piceous or honey-yellow ; anterior pair with dense, short, golden air. Length nearly eleven twentieths of an inch. . Very similar in form and color to P. atratum, F abr., VOL. I.—PART IV. 48 * oi ` R B o. qu aT xs xs x d S ` » ; + f hy a. Ss R = = e E € Z al 9 ë x js Ai ; scrip = 3 o i Say's Descriptions of = ë = which, however, has the second and third cellules each ` tionally rather shorter. $ s Veit 2. P. leucopus. Black ; hypostoma silvery ; tarsi `" receiving a recurrent nervure, and the petiole is propor- Inhab. Indiana. n Sa 9 Body black, with a slight silvery reflection : anten- né immaculate : hypostoma entirely silvery: thorax with ë minute, longitudinal lines on the disk: wings hyaline : 5, mervures blackish ; second cubital ¢ellule receiving the _ Pwo recurrent nervures: tergum impunctured, polished ; d _ petiole slightly arcuated, rather shorter than the posterior Ê + = tarsüs : tarsi white, dusky towards the tip. = Length over three tenths of an inch. . E ON ; m of the thorax only =g at base and tip. do Am * 4 ots LM enn ; Pr over nith of an KAW X M SENE . Lxnors, Illig. tt t Stemmata one. 1. L. argentáta, Beauv. Black ; tergum, segments margined with dark glaucous; metathorax with a few wrinkles on the posterior lateral margin. Inhab. United States. 9 Body black: collar having a gradually elevated angle on the middle: wings slightly dusky ; a darker band at tip; by an obliquely transmitted light, opalescent, varying to purplish, and at tip, in the darker portion, tinged with green ; recurrent nervures entering the second cubital ` cellule very near to each other, but little more than their own width apart : metathorax, posterior lateral edge =+ wrinkled transversely : tergum, posterior margins of the xà sd k Ya RM F * I E nri ` » : posterior pair of tibie at tip behind, with a fer- s ruginous spot. d More «slender, wrinkles of the. meta- " thorax less obvious, and the recurrent nervures at their entrance into.the second cubital cellule not gi so close together. = = Length 9 senis half an doch. i The color of the wings, by a particular, obliquely trans- mitted light, is very bonia pearlaceous and somewhat iridescent. iode Z ns 2. L. péptica. Black ; tergum fasciate with glaucous, ^ reflecting silvery. E apie . Inhab. Indiana. ern 9 Body black ; reflecting silyery, Jarticalar ifn the» head and feet : palpi piceous-yellowish : collar silvery on the posterior margin: thorax and scutel having their £o: sutures reflecting silvery : wings hyaline ; nervures honey- ` D a T eid T. E yellow ; recurrent nervures moderately near each other . e at their junction with the second cubital cellule: te ume. - : segments excepting the ultimate one, on their posterior 4 margins glaucous reflecting silvery: anal segment with ic a bright golden reflection : eet black, ona oes last tarsal joint rufous. Length over half an inch. & Head and base of the mandibles with a golden re flection : anal segment reflecting silvery. -Length under half an inch. -The black tibie and tarsi will at once distinguish this species from aurulénta, F., than which it is also smaller. 3. L. aurulénta, F. (Lanna) Syst. Piez. p. 220. ` ` iv uote eL c^ EET $ &34...4 78 * re 4. L. iniloba; Deep black, i culate : ry to the antenne with a slight silvery reflection: mandibles dull rufous towards the base : collar somewhat trilobate, or having above, an obvious angle in the middle and a more obtuse one on each side: thorax having a distinct, impressed, longitudinal line before : wings purple-fuligi- nous, almost opake ; recurrent nervures rather distant at their junction with the second cubital cellule : tergum in a particular light, more obviously sericeous on the posterior margins of the segments, Length over half an inch. _ This has very much the appearance of Lanna Aithiops, Nob. but is much larger. In that species also the collar is emarginate in the middle, the wings are but very slightly tinted, and the recurrent nervures approximate at their junction with the second cubital cellule; it has but one ocellus, and the mandibles are not obviously armed with a tooth on the inner edge. 5. L. sàbita. Black; tergum, segments mat with a whitish reflection ; metathorax wrinkled above. `` Inhab. Indiana. Ee Q Body black : head before with a somewhat silvery reflection : collar with an abruptly elevated angle in the middle : wings at tip dusky ; recurrent nervures entering the second cubital cellule, at a distance from each other ; third cubital cellule but little nartowed : metathorax with E. * ies T em all, transverse wrinkles on the disk as well as on the sides: tergum, posterior margins of the segments with a silvery Lapi ue | e , nas qo enoptera. 313 be distinguished by the , and by the more wrinkled meta- 3 TRYPOXYLON, F. Latr. 1. T. politus. Black; very highly polished ; without any silvery reflection; thorax and scutel with a slightly impressed, longitudinal line: wings black-purple, almost opake: abdomen rather less slender at base than that of T. figulus, F. but the basal joint is rather abruptly slender on its basal half; this segment has an abbreviated, im- pressed, loayitidinal line before its tip ; second segment with a similar line before its middle: on the head and stethidium are very numerous, small punctures, but none on the abdomen: — tarst white, first joint at base, and pulvilli blac Inhab. deni Length nine tenths of an inch. Judging by memory, as I have not ——À this is probably the albitarsa, Beauvois, but although it agrees with the short description of Fabricius, yet I greatly doubt if it is the albitarsa of this author, who gives its native country as South America, on the authority of Mr. Smith and of the Museum of Mr. Lund, from whom and from Mr. Sebestedt he “oa an opportunity to describe a of d cubital cellule; by the greater . een t ent nervures at their entrance E jntó ie! second cubit: great number of Hymenoptera of that portion of our | hemisphere; and but two species from North America, For these reasons I have been led to consider the albi- n társa, F. as South American ; and as Latreille says that every thirty degrees of latitude exhibits a total chan 7 T" 314 Say’s Descriptions of è | in the insect: productions, I give a new name to this spe- cies. a5 2. T. clavdtus. Abdomen at- nodulous ; wings at tip dusky. Inhab. Unitéd States. Body black ; head and stethidium with silvery reflec- tion: wings hyaline, terminal margin dusky: abdomen clavate ; the first and second joints petioliform, a little utili at their tips: posterior farsi white ; the terminal Tar and a litde e joint and base of the first joint black ; 4 with a spine on $ the posterior trochanter. z Length about nine twentieths of an inch. E Var. æ. Terminal joints of the tarsi blackish ; a yellow =a 77 band at base of the second segment of the tergum. x 4 - . . $ . . Judging from memory, as in the preceding instance, I p suppose this to be the fuscipénnis, Beauvois, but not that ded of Fabricius, for the reasons there adduced. I may also `a state that this species does not correspond with Fabricius - z = x description in having “ ale nigre cyaneo parum nitide,” 4 d EL: ^» neither does i it agree with * Pedes nigri tarsis albis" inas- _ Tt ba ` much as the posterior pair only are partially white. =. n» - 8. T. carinàtus. 4 Black ; head and stethidium with. Er. - silvery reflection: a prominent, acute carina betweei nt «t antenne, divaricating above the antennz into. o ; 7 í enne emarginate ME. towards the m à : | usky at =se: tern gr guy s first incisures | ih American senior | 815 7 x — Pis aecaiupuf dé head and the emar- ba. ginate antennz. - It Mas smaller than the figulus, F e. . and its n-— Bf ned as in that species, 4 OxvsELvs, Latr. 000 0 7. O. emargindtus. g Black ; scutellar spine emar- E ginate; tergum 4-spotted. ` hab. Indiana. dyoga E à à “Body black, with a slight silvery reflection, particularly $ on the anterior part of the head : antenne dull yellowish E: at tip : wing-scale honey-yellow: wings hyaline: scutel E. with a dilated process widely emarginate at tip, and a i lateral sublanceolate, decurved, acute, white one : tergum, ki first segment with a longitudinal, indented line and a transverse, abbreviated, white line at tip each side; second segment also with a similar line: tarsi pale honey- yellow: anterior thighs yellow at tip: qu e ; posterior pair bi black, yellow at base. tieths of 376 Say’s Descriptions d ous at tip: collar with a transverse, Ms undulated yellow line, interrupted in the middle: scutel with a double, transverse, yellow spot: metathorax with the middle spine simple ; the lateral ones depressed, whitish, margined on the inner side with bright yellow : tergum. with five Sin d z on each side : net o - side. es a a M. Length idi one fifth of an"inch. `- go pr . Smaller than mueronátus, F., which is destitute of the scutellar line. It may be distinguished from the preceding species, by the yellow color on the collar and scutel. x : Cnasno, Fabr. i; A C. confluéntus. Black, withlarge: confluent Minn F ergum int el : — fasciate. 9 : . 9 Body biok, densely and confluently soos particularly on the stethidium, where they are sometimes ET confluent, so as to exhibit lines between Su are largest on the metathorax : hypostoma | anterior orbits behind the basal j joint « of the antenne, ry : antenne, basal joint yellow ; ‘second joint honey- llow: « ollar yellow, slightly interrupted in the middle : : vith a large, transverse, yellow spot; a yellow ` > line behind it: wings slightly tinged with ; abdomen oval, rather abruptly narrowed at base : " with the incisures contracted, the segments being p ex ; ; approximately apars segments on their ; ; each wi th an equal band which is interrupted for . only. a narrow space at the middle : pleura with à yellow spot at the humerus : knees, tibiae and tarsi ger: : 2 venter immaculate. * aw 4 377 Sling over it M M ua of an inch. ĝ Spot of the scutel interrupted or wanting ; antenne sth dull honey-yellow ; the two posterior bands of tergum generally confluent in their middles ; abdomen nger and more slender than that of the banale. Moe three tenths of an inch. | more readily distinguished by the tip of an by the antenne. I have nine males - of an inch The punctures of this species are larger and more dense than in our other species. C. arcuàtus. Metathorax with numerous parallel lines ; tergum with yellow spots and bands. Inhab. Indiana. Body black, with minute, dense punctures: front with a wide glabrous interval between the silvery orbits : anten- ne, int pes yellow, with a black line near r the i inner AA line on the collar of a bright yellow ; a alte transverse line beneath the scutel: wings a little ti A with dusky : metathorax re bes lines, arcuated at p and a tilir first. segment ; -an oblique elliptic one on the sec ment each side; a reclivate, transverse, lateral yellow line on the thirds 5 remaining segments each with: an ens tire, slightly ondgiéiéd, slender greenish-yellow band: anal processes acute, very deeply and regularly ciliated : feet yellow : coze and trochanters black : thighs at the base black ; the < portion very small on tbe sri dm L—PART Iv. ivd ug ; JUS. Hn | "NE. p e Meus s o 2 MAC z x t : 318 Say’s Descriptions of pair, but on the, posterior pair extending on the inferior surface to the tip : venter i immaculate. f n inch | p Jei. Latr. iF A. S. parallèlas, This species resembles the frati A, Nob. but it may be distinguished by the following com- parative characters. The posterior thighs and middle of the tibiæ are black.. The stigma is a little smaller. ` The dividing nervure of the first and second cubital cellules is parallel to the posterior nervure:of the second discoidal cellule; whereas in the fratérnus, the latter is more oblique, The size is much the same. . Inhabits Mexico. The Sriemus fratérnus, is not uncommon and as in the present species, the no ma is somewhat silvery. - y à h; abdomen with a very short petiole, gena Length about one t twelfth of an inch. “This i is much the smallest species I have seen. The dividing nervure of the first and second cubital ees Is exactly opposite to the posterior nervi r^ discoidal cellule. 'The hypostoma of the female is ‘black. ge ^ e e a North American we | M si F A å E (0. P. marginátus. Black; a itennz i tese, mandibles and feet honey-yellow. < Be 3 a Inhab. Pennsylvánia. %5 Body polished : antenne; blackish ; first and second joints honey-yellow ; the former as long as the second and third together, which are nearly equal : mandibles honey- yellow, not very obviously denticulated at tip: wings tinted with fuliginous ; nervures brown ; stigma fuscous, not much dilated ; nervures of the second cubital cellule and second recurrent nervure margined with whitish, the latter abbreviated before the anal tip : abdomen subsessile ; with the exception of the first segment, piceous blackish : ud d: -yellow. h over three twentieths of an in nd pou m is — larger than * , are i Aas than usual. : — "white ; feet g Q Body bla poe nutely y punotured: antenne, basal joint white ; di joint piceous : nasus promi in the middle : mandible and palpi white :. dull honey-yellow : wings hyaline ; sorral blackish; ag tinged with yellow at base ; first and second. cubital bel- ; lules receiving their appropriate recurrent nervures : meta thorax with larger punctures and lines : abdomen pohibid, impunctured, subsessile, the petiole being very short: pleura with a small whitish dot — the wing-scale : feet honey-yellow. - Length a of an inch. nijs ue À i e < ee T A 3 2 4 ie i 3 e ge i: A E 380 = Says Descriptions of \ » UR " k d Hypostoma, silvery : nasus rounded : antenne annu- late, one half of each joint being yellowish. ` Length over three twentieths of an inch. ! tre $ i Atyson, Jur. 1. A. oppésitus. Black; feet honey-yellow ; tergum with two yellow spots. arog! Inbab. Indiana, 77 23. 1 tila ves 9 Body black : mouth, hypostoma,and anterior orbits yellow : antenne at base beneath yellow : thorax with an obsolete yellow spot before the wings each side : wings very slightly tinted with dusky, more particularly in an obsolete band towards the tip: nervures fuscous : stigma brown: recurrent nervures entering the petiolated cellule exactly opposite to its bounding nervures: spines very _ short: feet honey-yellow : tergum polished ; first segment . honey-yellow ; second: segment with a large, lobately- rounded, bright yellow spot each side at base ; the base is also obsoletely honey-yellow. ï d Antenne, terminal joint as long as the first, arcuat- ed: wings not distinctly tinted with dusky except in the radial cellule: abdomen, with the exception of the two yellow spots, black; tarsi paler than the tibia and thighs. = ` Var. aœ. Yellow spots of the tergum obsolete. s Length three tenths of an inch. : ` In form, size and color, very similar to A. spinosus, (Powrinus,) Panzer. But in that species the feet are 9. A. mélleus. 9 Honey-yellow ; head, pectus, and tip of the abdomen black. Inhab. Indiana. ! | Thorax honey-yellow : head black : mouth, anterior orbits and basal joint of the antenne excepting a line on the exterior side, whitish: region of the scutel, dusky : wings with a dusky band: metathorax honey-yellow with the elevated lines rather slender ; the lateral lines of the dorsal area arcuated: tergum with the first and second segments honey-yellow, the latter with a lateral whitish spot ; remaining segments blackish ; anal segment obscure piceous : pectus black : feet, excepting the base of the posterior coxe, honey-yellow. Length under one fourth of an inch. The prevailing honey-yellowish color distinguishes this species ; and the metathoracic lineations are much finer than those of the preceding species. "The lateral lines of the dorsal area of the metathorax in the oppositus are nearly rectilinear. Cercenrts, Latr. = 1. C. fumipénnis. 3 Black; tergum with a broad band and very narrow ones ; wings blackish. Inhab. Indiana. Body black, denacly. punctured : head ‘with a ee sub-orbicular, orbital spot beneath the line of the antenna; and dense golden cili& each side at the mouth : antenne entirely black : collar with two yellow spots : behind the scutel a transverse, yellow line: wing-scale with a small yellow spot : wings blackish ; first recurrent nervure en- tering opposite to the dividing nervure of the first and cubital cellules; tergum, incisures wide ; first seg- ment rounded; sècond with a broad, equable, terminal band ; remaining segments with each a terminal capillary band, more or less interrupted in the middle ; posterior band wider and somewhat irregular: tibia yellow pale, 382 Say s Descriptions of ` on the inner side and tip of the exterior side black : tarsi, anterior pair dull yellowish; posterior pairs, except at base, blackish : venter immaculate. Length over two fifths of an inch. Resembles C. desérta, Nob. but aside from other dif- ferences it may be distinguished by that species having somewhat clearer wings and the inosculation of the first recurrent nervure being opposite to the middle of the second, or petiolated cubital cellule ; the antenne also in that species are yellowish before, towards the base ; the scutel has two spots in addition to the yellow line behind it, and the bands of the tergum are always broader than in the present species. The fallax, Nob. differs in having - the transverse yellow line on the scutel, in a direct line between the origin of the posterior wings ; whereas in the present species it is behind the scutel. _ 9. C. sexta. A broad band on each segment of the tergum ; metathorax with a lateral spot. | Inhab. Missouri. Body black ; head before, base of the mandibles and basal joint of the antenne beneath, yellow ; third joint of the antennz dull honey-yellow : collar with two large yellow spots : wing-scale and transverse line behind the scutel yellow ; the triangular impunctured space behind the transverse line very obvious, with oblique lines and a longitudinal one in the middle: wings a little fuliginous particularly on the margin and tip ; nervures brown; stigma yellow ; recurrent nervure of the second cubital cellule entering at its middle: metathorax with a large; oval, longitudinal, yellow, lateral spot : tergum with a broad yellow band on each segment ; that of the first or petiolar segment slightly interrupted in the middle ; the two ultimate ones almost ferruginous: feet honey-yellow, — North American Hymenoptera. 383 more or less varied with bright yellow : venter with inter- rupted bands. Length over half an inch. This was given to me by Nuttall. With iò exception of frontàta and bidentàta, Nob. this is the largest North American species Ï have seen, and the much more dilated bands of the tergum are distinctive. Puitantuus, Fabr. Latr. P. solivagus. Black, with small punctures ; -— fasciate on each segment. Inhab. Indiana. d Body black; punctures numerous, small: Aypos- toma, anterior orbits, to the emargination, and large spot above the insertion of the antenne yellow : collar, margin yellow, slightly interrupted in the middle: stethidium immaculate : wing-scale yellow: wings very slightly -tinged with dusky ; nervures fuscous, towards the base and stigma honey-yellow: tergum, segments having each a greenish yellow band on the posterior submargin, that of the first segment largest, the others subequal ; sixth segment immaculate : pleura, pectus and venter immacu- late: knees, tibie and tarsi yellow: posterior pair of tibiz with a spot on the posterior tip and their tarsi above tinged with ferruginous. Length two fifths of an inch. ‘Ryecuivm, Spinola. 1, R. baltedtum. 9 Black, thorax and head varied with ferruginous ; tergum with a E band. Inhab. Indiana. 384 Say s Descriptions of Body black, punctured: head ferruginous ; region of the stemmata, black : antenne black, first and second and half of the third joints ferruginous : thorax with a broad ferruginous margin, including the scutel, and with more or less of ferruginous in the middle ; anterior margin with a slender yellow line interrupting the ferruginous margin : wings black-violaceous : feet yellowish: thighs dusky at base: tergum; first segment impunctured, on the poste- rior margin a yellow band abruptly dilated each side ; second segment slightly punctured at base, posterior indented, with large punctures, and dull pene campeon 4 remaining segments punctured. Var. a. Behind the scutel a transverse, yellow, ab- breviated line. Var. f. Posterior margins of the terminal segments of the tergum, obsoletely ferruginous. — Var. x. "The ferruginous color predominates having but a small portion of black on the thorax ; the tergum is ferruginous with only a line of black on the first segment, and a triangle of black at base of the. second segment ; but the yellow band on the first segment is still visible though less obvious. Length over four fifths of an inch. Not a common insect. 2. R. 5-fasciatum, Nob. (PrerocHILUS, Aeon to Long’s second Expedition). I am not sure of the generic place of my specimens as they have lost their trophi. 3. R. crypticum, Nob. (Opxnervs, Western Quarterly Reporter). 4. R. annulatum, Nob. (Opyyerus, Appendix to Long’s second Expedition). North American Hymenoptera. ` 385 OpvsEnvs, Latr. 1. O. quadrisectus. Black ; trunk before and behind, tergum before and a band, white. Inhab. United States. Body black, punctured : head with a small spot above the interval of the antenne, line on the basal joint of the antenne, superior lateral margin of the clypeus and slight spot on base of the mandibles obscure white : thorax, a bi-lobed band on the anterior margin, spot beneath the wing, triangular spot each side on the scutel, transverse line behind the scutel, behind that again on each side is a very large triangular spot extending down almost to the origin of the abdomen, white; edge of the posterior declivity of the metathorax with a slight bifid, transverse, . denticulated crest: wings dark violaceous: tergum, first segment white, with a dorsal, triangular, lobated black spot communicating with the black anterior declivity ; second segment with an undulated, dull white band behind and an obsolete, very: small spot of the same.color each side before the middle: feet with short, whitish sericeous hair. Length over seven tenths of an inch. This is much like the guadridens, Linn. which is a true Opynervs, but it is destitute of the metathoracic spines of that species, and besides other differences it has a band on the second abdominal segment. This latter character not being very obvious may shelly have been overlooked by Fabricius. The male differs but little from the female ; my speci- mens have two additional white spots on the anterior portion of the nasus. | 9. O. oculàtus. 4 Black, tips of the abdominal seg- ments and two points on the second segment, yellow. VOL. I.—PART IV. 50 386 Say's Descriptions of Inhab. Ohio and Missouri. Body black, with dense, rather large punctures : clypeus yellow, emarginate at tip: mandibles yellow, honey-yel- low at tip: antenne, basal joint yellow, with a black line above: front with a yellow line from the base of the antenne, into the emargination of the eye, and a small spot above the interval of the antenne, yellow ; thoraz, a bi-lobed spot on the anterior margin, wing-scale and small spot beneath. it, and transverse spot behind the scutel, yellow: wings dusky: tergum not so grossly punctured as the thorax ; first segment with a yellow posterior margin ; second with a yellow small dot each side, and yellow posterior margin extending around the venter; remaining segments obsoletely margined at tip with yellowish : feet yellow ; thighs black at base. ` + Length over three tenths of an inch. 100 Like the acütus, Latr. but may be distinguished by its more gross puncturing, as well as by the yellow dots on the tergum. ê A variety from Missouri, has the feet all yellow. 3. O. quadridens, Linn. (Vespa, Syst. Nat.—Amoen. Acad.) cineráscens, Fabr. "The remark “size of parie- tina” may refer to the male. | giu 4. O. uncináta, Fabr. (Vespa, Syst. Piez. p. 95). Fabricius mistook this species for the quádridens, L., which is our largest and most common species, and sufti- ciently distinguished from the present, besides the denti- culated metathorax, by many characters ; and the follow- ` ing is a detailed description of it. ` - 9 Black ; tergum with a yellow band. Inhab. Indiana. : Body black, punctured: head, short line behind the ` eye, dot above the interval of the antenne, one exterior es er ee ge NRE d r fe North American Hymenoptera. 387 to the antenne, one each side on the clypeus, and antenne beneath, brighter towards the base, dull fulvous : mandi- bles on the exterior margin, honey-yellow ; thorax, bi-lobed spot on the anterior margin and transverse line behind the scutel, yellow : wing-scale piceous, black on the inner margin: wings blackish-violaceous : tergum, first segment on the posterior margin with a yellow band abruptly dilat- ed each side; second segment at tip with much larger and confluent punctures : feet orange : digas except. at the knee, black. Length three fifths of an inch. Differs from any of the varieties of our ap Linn., I have seen, though it is nri allied to that species. 5. O. anórmis, S. (Eumenes) Long's second Expedi- tion, probably belongs to this genus, but as the head of my specimen is destroyed, Ï cannot be certain whether it may not be a PreRocHEILUS, Klug. It is like the ocu- laa: Sus € ps exis Eady: F. Latr. L. spinipes. Black ; clypeus broader than long ; first abdominal segment somewhat white at tip : Inhab. Indiana. Body black, punctured : clypeus much wider. than long: wings dark violaceous: tergum slightly punctured ; pe- duncle rather slender, somewhat. gibbous, with an indented spot above, near the tip, terminal margin with a piceous, dentate band ; second segment with a distinct neck at base ; posterior margin abruptly and smoothly impressed ; and with the remaining segments immaculate: the, posterior pus spinous behind. Jia di 388 Say’s Descriptions of Length seven tenths of an inch. Differs from L. cyanipénnis, F. which it seems to resemble most, in. being smaller, more polished, having no testaceous at base of the petiole or on the sides of the metathorax ; the wings also are less opake. Porserss, Latr. 1. P. métrica. Regs ; abdomen black ; wings dark violaceous. Inhab. United States. Body ferruginous : antenna, oe ; first and second joints ferruginous beneath ; five or six last joints fulvous beneath : hypostoma sid a few distant yellow, short hairs, not sericeous ; at the middle of the tip, a little prominent : thorax, with a black dorsal line abbreviated behind, each side of which is an obsolete line confluent behind, exterior to which at base is a black line attenuated es before and abbreviated: wings dark violaceous’: feet ` black ; tibie within, excepting the posterior pair; knees = and tarsi yellowish : abdomen black ; first segment obso- Y piceous each side and on the posterior edge ; second “ sequent also with obscure ferruginous on each pa some- times obsolete. Length over four fifths of an inch. - Resembles the annularis, Fabr. but the bdnigiübns color is more prevalent ; the hypostoma is not sericeous, a little more prominent in the middle; the basal abdomi- nal segment is somewhat larger and destitute of the annu- lation. I have obtained it abundantly in Indiana oe Mr. Barabino sent it to me from New Orleans. 9. P. areàta.- Thorax black bi-lineate and margined with yellow. North American Hymenoptera. 389 Inhab. Mexico. ead yellow : nasus with black sutures - line before from the middle bifarius near the antenne: mandibles piceous at tip: antenne reddish-brown, darker above, and on the first joint yellow beneath: vertex black, of which two broad lines descend to the antenne and one descends each side, for a short distance, posterior to the eyes; a yellow oblique line from the summit to the tip of the eyes: thorax black, with two yellow vitte : collar, with an abbreviated line before the wings, and a transverse anterior one, black : wings slightly ferruginous on the costal margin: scutel and segment beneath it yellow, the former black in the middle : metathorax yellow, a black vitta, and lateral basal spot : abdomen, first segment peti- oliform, as long as the second : tergum black, segments on their lateral and terminal margins yellow, the latter undulated before ; second segment yellow also at base: beneath yellow, with black incisures : feet yellowish ; posterior pair darker behind : venter enit with two or three slender obsolete dusky bands. .- Length less than half an inch. = > ` à 3. P. válida. ` Yellow ; middle oli» acres ani | of the segments of the tergum ferruginous. > - Inhab. Mexico. 9 Body dull yellow, with ferruginous sutures: head _ above, and antenne at base, ferruginous : thorax on the ` disk ferruginous : wings yellowish ferruginous: tergum with the segments ferruginous at base: venter greenish- yellow, at base ferruginous : feet ferruginous ; coxz and part of the thigh yellow. Length over one inch. A large and rather robust species. The male is more exclusively ferrruginous with the posterior pairs of tarsi whitish ; the head in my specimen is destroyed. w 390 , Say’s Descriptions of AX É A 4 4. P. mellifica. Wings d ; abiloshén fasciate. Inhab. Mexico. Body blackish, sericeous, with a 24 ght golden reflec- tion : clypeus not acute, but almost rounded at tip : man- dibles at tip piceous : thorax with a distinct, longitudinal, impressed line before, extending to the middle: wings yellowish ; dusky at tip : scutel truncate at tip, or rather very obtusely emarginate: metathorax almost vertical, with a distinct, prominent, robust angle each side: abdo- men, first segment small and short; second greatly the largest ; all margined behind with orange yellow : venter with all the margins yellow excepting the basal one. d Basal joint of the antenne beneath yellow : nasus very sericeous, having a whitish reflection : cove and trochanters yellowish-white. i T Length over three tenths of an inches - Not being able to find my notes relative to this species, L can only state, that near Jalapa, my attention was at- : tracted by a group of Indians, who were eating honey ` from a paper ‘nest, which was then so far dissected in their repast, that I could not ascertain its proper form. The honey had a pleasant taste, and as far as L could gather from their gestures, the nest was obtained from `a tree. Some of the specimens above described I found crawling feebly away, and others I extracted from the cells in a perfect state... : The trophi agree: with those. of the P. nigripénnis, Oliv. excepting that the obliquely truncated portion of the mandibles is a little longer, and the terminal joint of, the labial palpi is equal in length to the preceding joint. I had made the above description and remarks before an opportunity offered to compare the individuals with Lone, description of his P. ichigo (Ann. des North American Hymenoptera. = 391 Sc. Nat. tom. 4, p. 335,) which I find it closely resem- bles, and to which I should refer it, but for the character attributed to that insect of having only the “bord _— rieur des cinq premiers anneaux de l’abdomen jaune,” whilst all the segments of the tergum of our species are margined with yellow, and the anal segment is also of that color, in all the specimens which I have seen ; all the segments of the venter, moreover, are margined with the same color excepting the basal one. These differences induce me not to withhold this description, as we may reasonably infer that others exist, which can be detected only by comparison. Whether this species is the artificer of either of the nests figured by Hernandez and copied by Latreille in Humboldt’s Zoólogy, I cannot positively de- termine, but it seems highly probable. The observation of Latreile relative to the insects that construct those nests, (or at least one of them, for Ma aré very unlike each other) seems judicious, that “ j'ai lieu de apenas que ces Sudan sont Seep ou we ges from his P. 1 CoLLETES, Latr. Kig: C. — Labrum viti fut indentations near the base. Inhab. Indiana. ¢ Body black with pale cinereous ; hair: labrum on the basal half, with four obvious indentations: thorax with the hair dusky on the: disk: wings hyaline; nervures, fuscous: fergum with very short dusky hair; that of the anterior portion of the basal segment, and on each side . of that segment longer and whitish or pale cinereous ; posterior margins of the segments with white hair, beneath - ow "< X au 392 `: Say’s Descriptions of ith surface is dull piceous at tip; basal segment with a longitudinal impressed line at base: venter, seg- ments on the posterior margins with dull whitish hair. Length about half an inch. d With more dense and obvious hair on hé front. Length less than half an inch. In warm days of March and April, this species may be observed flying about near the surface of the e - SeHECODES, Latr. S. can. Black, abdomen rufous, black at tp; ; punctures dense. Inhab. Indiana. | Body black, with it: punctures : Bed rather small with whitish hairs : mandibles piceous black :. thorax, middle thoracic longitudinal line very distinct, punctures equally close-set: scutel with the impressed line, continued from the thorax : wings hyaline : abdomen polished ; three basal joints rufous ; remainder black: Length three tenths of an inch. Resembles the gibbus, F. but is smaller; viia a pro- portionally smaller head and much more dense putos on the thorax and scutel. 5 6. Hrrzvs, Latr. H. mides 9 Black, opake : abdomen dished hypostoma on each side with a triangular whitish spot: collar with an abbreviated transverse, yellowish line each side : pleura with a yellowish spot under the humerus: 7 wings hyaline, with blackish nervures; feet with wiitieh > E North American Hymenoptera. ` : 393 Length over one fifth of an inch.. d Head beneath the insertion of the antenne, pale yellow : antenne beneath dull ochreous ; basal joint be- neath, pale yellow : collar, immaculate : tibiæ and tarsi pale yellowish, the former with a black ae near its tip. . Length about one fifth of an inch. The spots on the head of the female, are like those of H. variegatus, F., but it is a very different species. - ~ Anprena, Fabr. Klug. A. válida. Entirely black, immaculate ; hair very short, dense, giving to the thorax and head a velvet-like appearance : head with the hair of the cheeks, tip of the nasus and outer inferior edge of the mandibles longer : mandibles with a rather strong tooth before the tip: wing- scale. glabrous : wings purplish-fuliginous, the darkest portion at tip; - honey-yellow : metathorax, surface not concealed by. hairs, with separate punctures and except at base, canaliculate in the middle ; at base is a transverse space of much larger, eainnt punctures, behind which space is a narrow glabrous space at the origin of the groove ; lateral margin hairy : tergum with very short hairs not concealing the surface; first segment concave and deeply canaliculate on the. anterior face ; segments ^with a transverse, impressed, submarginal, pos- terior line ; on the first and second are two: Rome, seg- ments diith long, rather dense hairs. Length seven tenths of an inch. ` A latge and- fine MOL, FARE oire 1 " Harrerus, Latr. i H. nigricórnis, Fabr. (CENTRIS). This appears to me to be the male of H. viridula, Fabr: (Meskita); and the same as H. nigricérnis, UM Gaala and H. sericea, Forster. ` 9H: rüdiàtus, 9 Dréeits besig behind: with a radiated disc. : Inhab. Indiana. Body green, polished ; hairs numerous, short, cinere- ous, not obscuring the general color: antenne black, more or less tinged with piceous, particularly beneath : nasus before black, ciliate; labrum: piceous : mandibles yellow towards the base; piceous at tip: wings tinged with faliginous ; nervures brownish, supplementary ner- vure at tip of the radial cellule very distinct: metathorax at base having numerous, elevated longitudinal or oblique lines ; onthe posterior declivity is a somewhat orbicular disk, distinguished from the general surface by an elevated line equally distinct all around; it is radiated with elevated lines: tergum. sometimes tinged: with blue or purplish; each segment with a slight — or impressed trans- verse line, near the middle : "e" ark qne tarsi "n knees somewhat paler. jeep aem over two fifths of an inch... 3. H. labrósus. Q Apvinins agen parish seg- » ments margined with- blackish; i Inhab. Mexico. stisni o ` Body green, with a r, antenne black: nasus at tip blackish : labrum black, much elevated at the middle of the tip ; the elevation grooved: before : mandi- bles black, tinged with piceous at tip: wings hyaline, _ slightly tinged with Mets ; nervures fuscous : meta- thorax with the libuit line of the posterior disk, prominent. only towards the petiole: tergum darker pur- plish than the thorax ; the broad posterior margins of the segments, blackish : feet, purplish and blue : farsi black- ish-piceous. . . Length about two fifths of an inch. About the size of the preceding, from which it den materially in golar, and in the aries of the meta- thorax. ` 4. H. purus. aial first recurrent nervure apita with the dividing nervure of the second and third cubital ibi United States. =Q Body green, polished, tinged "» brassy or onpre- ous ; antenne black : labrum and mandibles piceous, the latter ` "sometimes almost- honey-yellow : metathorax at ineated ; no distinct. posterior disk, but the groove is veli impressed, and there are often near the petiole, a few, obsolete, raised, -converging lines : wings hyaline, very slightly dusky at tip; nervures brown ; radial ner- vure fuscous ; stigma pale yellowish; second recurrent nervure exactly uniting with the tip of the dividing ner- vure of the second and -third cellules.: tergum obviously varied with brassy ; posterior slender’ margins .of .the segments dark purplish or blackish, sometimes noti obvi- ous :. feet dull piceous : venter dull piceous. Length less than three tenths of an inch. «d. -Head, thoraz and metathoraz, greenish-blue : man- dibles and Jabrum, dull honey-yellow :, thighs obviously al with bluish-green : venter on the middle. tatisints ” Length less tian one fours af an inch í 4 A very common species, Í have found their nests in. Kot s Wy à * SE z = x * 396 Say’s Descriptions of the soft, decomposing sap-wood of the Oak and Hickory, between the bark and the solid wood. Their cells are oval, horizontal, not symmetrically disposed, though many are parallel. ‘These cells are composed of particles of the decayed wood, agglutinated together. Each cell contains an individual, subsisting on a yellow pollen, enclosed with it by the parent. In the same assemblage are the young of all ages to the perfect insect. The male varies in having the tibie and tarsi yellowish- white, with more or less of green on the middle of the posterior tibiz. The preceding species, distinguished by their polished green color, are also remarkable by the very obtuse emar- gination of their eyes, or, in other words, the curvature of the inner side of the eye: they might "- properly constitute a division of the genus. . - 8. H. ligátus. mew — banded with whitish. Inhab. United Stat ^9 Body black, with whitish cinereous hairs (on. thé head and stethidium : wing-scale honey-yellow: wings hyaline, tinged with yellowish towards the base; post- costal nervure black ; first recurrent nervure entering the second cubital cellule near, but not at the dividing ner- vure: metathorax at base having the depressed surface granulated or very minutely lineated ; posterior face sab- orbicular, slightly conċave : tergum having the posterior margins of the segments white with prostrate hair, be- neath which the surface is piceous : venter a little hairy ; posterior margins of the segments obscurely piceous : : feet EE piceous, paler towards their tips ; ; the gemi Eu about three testi vf on inch. — ochreous, excepting tue fost and ene MEE ASUNSA North American Hymenoptera. 397 second joints : nasus, labrum and middle of the mandibles, yellow: wings with the nervures darker: tergum not so very obviously banded : feet black; tibie and tarsi, yel- low ; the former having a black spot on the anterior middle of the posterior pairs. © Length three tenths of an inch. A very abundant species. ‘The male is a litde longer than the female. The scutelliform base of the metathorax is more or less sculptured with slightly elevated, longitudinal lines. |... 6. H: parallélus. — tergum banded ; wings and feet ferruginous. Inhab. Indiana. 9 Body black, somewhat hairy ; hairs yellipesiite- ous: masus ciliate with ferruginous hairs which extend over the labrum : antenne with the third joint but little longer than the fourth : wings pale ferruginous, dusky at tip ; second cubital cell: quadrate, the basal and terminal nervures being quite parallel: tergum, each segment with _ a very obvious posterior margin of whitish-yellow hairs : feet ferruginous, the -— = the € e cox more or less blackish. Ih pl Length less than half ki iadli: = ae Ceratina, Latr. Gy digi Blue; much vieta Inhab. Indiana. 9 Body deep blue, detitely punctured, a little ` polish- ed : antenne black : nasus with a white spot, sometimes obsolete: thorax’ with an impressed line ; disk with few and more polished : lus but d dusliyg nervures blackish : wing-scale dar s uw. 398 Say’s Descriptions of tergum more densely punctured towards the tip ; basal segment on the anterior face impunctured, polished ; re- maining segments with a distinct line on their anterior sub-margins, curving backward on each side; between this line and the basal edge, particularly on the third and fourth segments, the surface is but little punctured and is polished, resembling a small segment : feet blackish, with piceous tarsi and whitish hair: plewra with a small yellow point under the wing-scale. Length a little over three tenths of: an inch. d Nasus and quadrate spot on the labrum, white ; anterior tibie whitish on their exterior edge. i Length one fourth of an inch. "The spots on the nasus, labrum and pleura, as; well às the line on the tibi in the male correspond with: those of the male of C. albilabris, F» but the -general coloris altogether different. A variety? is destitute of the spot — Nola butan very imali qun "The maxillary palpi sometimes appear m have six jointa. : I am not sure that the male above described, ds lito the putent species: STELIs, Panz. | Re: obésa. Black, varied FON xim; venge figi Tia Bilai: "na oS. diii robust, convex, niaii black: nasus, p i dla di: eesajipries anteriorly and abbreviated line-behind yellow : thorax: with a yellow, arcuated line each. side extending on the anterior margin : . seutel -somwhat in- North American Hymenoptera. 399 dented towards the tip, margined behind with yellow, which is slightly interrupted in the middle : wings fuligi- nous ; nervures fuscous: tergum, six yellow bands, the anterior one widely interrupted, the others gradually less so to the penultimate one which is confluent ; the ulti-. mate one broadest, entire: venter yellowish at base: feet yellowish 5 — and posterior face of the tibiae din black. Length over one fourth of an inch. 29 í - Tn the abdominal markings it resembles some nisi of Anruiprum, but the maxillary palpi have two joints.” Osmia, Panz. Latr. 1.00. lignaria. Dark bluish; thorax and base of the tergum, with cinereous hair. ` Inhab. United States. : =Q Body very dark bluish : head with cinereous hair : nasus very profoundly emarginated : antenne black : thorar with cinereous hair; wing-scale black-piceous : wings with a slight fuliginous to particularly on the costal half of the radial cellule ;,nervures blackish : tergum, basal segment with cinereous hair; remaining segments with short blackish hair ; anal segment blackish : beneath a little darker than above : iJ and ventral hair blackish. > Length about nine ovens of an inch. = ‘Hair-of the head before: dense, rather) d and ;peetus, pleura and feet. with cinereous. hair ; venter blaca; 8 nasus wry eligini 'and abestiy emar- ginate. 5^ 120964 iin seven E eaei of an ch. Ax common dines hidificates in old wood. , a a 400 ` Says Descriptions of dilated oval cocoon of a ferruginous color. It seems to _ approach Meetixa metallica, Fabr. which however is ` said to be large; black-bronze, with white wings. 9. O. buccónis. "eis tergum with slender white. bands. Inhab. Indiana. 9 Body black, with rather short gray hairs, and obvi- ous, dense punctures: head rather large, long between the eyes and thorax: masus entire: mandibles with a patch of dense prostrate hairs near the tip: wings hya- line: nervures fuscous ; wing-scale piceous: tergum with short, blackish hairs; segments rather convex, narrow, white bands of prostrate short hairs, wider each side; towards the posterior extremity with numerous white, short hairs, obvious in profile ; posterior tarsi with longer hairs, tinted with ferruginous : venter with 22540 hairs. Length over three tenths of an inch. -d Resembles the female, but is nia, and the tail haá four distant denticulations. : "Length one fourth of an inch. Cait , Latr. ae 8-dentata, Nob: (Appendix to Long’s Expedi tion, p. 353). 9 Body rather more slender than that of the male ; the abdomen conic and polished ; head before, a little pruinose, with short hairs ; thoracic lines white and less. obvious than in. the male; feet. black ; tibie and. tarsi more or less piceous ; tergum; with the bends white and eae ngo. Dom. n she. mle. ars tinged omit yellow. The ‘Scania. bidentàta, F ash dn said to be North American Hymenoptera. 401 a Czuioxys, is described as having the abdomen brown and with only two spines. _ The armature of the tail of the 8-dentàta, resembles - that of C. cónica, L. but the middle spines are much more robust and obtuse; the bands are more distinct sad the abdomen opake in the male. 9. C. alternàüta. Bands of the tergum alternately i in- terrupted; ¢ tail LDespined: ' Inhab. Indiana. d Body black, punctured ; the punctures not much crowded : head with short, white hair, almost naked on the vertex : front with long, white, dense hair: antenne, tip of the basal joint obscurely piceous: tAoraz an inter- rupted, arcuated, white line before, curving over the wings ; a line before the scutel, and another at its tp, white: wing-scale dull honey-yellow: wings yellow fali- ginous, more dusky at tip: tergum polished, punctures more sparse than on the thorax ; segments, particularly ` the basal ones, white on their posterior-margins ; and each segment « ng the ultimate and basal ones, with a white ce band before the middle ; tail concave above, with about ten spines: feet black, more or less piceous : venter banded with white. , Length over two fifths of an inch. .' 9 Hair on the front, short ; wings destitute of the yellow fuliginous color, excepting on the stigma. Length over half an inch. |. Nonapa, Scop. Latr. E vincta. Tergum, with yellow bands which are x margined with ferruginous. Inhabits Indiana. VOL. I.—PART Iv. 52 P À t We 402 Say s Descriptions of Body black : head beneath the antennz, ferruginous : orbits yellow : antenne ferruginous, dusky about the middle; terminal joint paler: collar yellow: thorax each side over the wings, with a dull ferruginous margin ; be- fore the wings a yellow spot :. wing-scale honey-yellow : wings slightly dusky, particularly the terminal margin : nervures honey-yellow : scutel sub-bi-lobate, yellow, line on the middle posterior margin ferruginous : metathorax near the scutel with a transverse line and an irregular, longitudinal, quadrate spot each side behind, yellow : tergum with a yellow band, gradually contracted towards the middle, and obsoletely margined with ferruginous, before the middle of each segment; anterior band a little undulated or denticulated : gectus with a triangular, yel- lowish spot over the fore-feet : core black, with a yellow spot: thighs ferruginous, blackish behind: tébie and tars ferruginous and yellow : venter with two — bands ;- towards the tip, honey-yellow.. Length 9 nine *wentieths of an inch. d Ferruginous ; orbits and head before, pallens an- tenne blackish towards the tip ; first joint yellow beneath ; collar, line over the wings, two obsolete ones in the mid- , Wing-scale excepting a dot in the middle, yellow ; ‘scutel undivided, yellow ; metathorax in greater part, yel- low ; abdomen yellow, posterior margins of the segments black, sub-margins ferruginous. Rather more’ slender than the female. 9. N. bisignata, Nob. (Appendix. to Lob s. id Expedition). The male has the head black, with the ` nasus and mouth yellow ; antennz beneath, rufous ; the thorax has hardly any appearance of ferruginous ; but the scutel in some specimens is of that color ; the thighs, par- à < T . North American Hymenoptera. 403 ticularly the posterior pair have more black im those of. the female. Var. Abdomen rufous, immaculate. E»rxrorus, Latr. E. fumipénnis. Black ; thorax bi-lineate, ferruginous all around. Inhab. Mexico. Body densely punctured, black : head carinate between. the antennz : antenne honey-yellow at base, beneath : labrum with an obsolete, minute, ferruginous dot each . . Side: mandibles honey-yellow at base: thorax with two ' slender whitish abbreviated lines and whitish lateral edge: collar with a ferruginous disk, contracted in the middle ; a ferruginous dot before the wings: wing-scale and scutel ferruginous : wings fuliginous : tergum, first and second segments with a yellow band, the first broader and widely mente; rotisining: segments with a = y == margin: tibie and tarsi honey-yellow. Length three tenths of an inch. ` 7 The lundtus, Nob. also has a bi-lineated tins bute is a larger species, has a whitish spot around the base. of the antenna ; lunated spot at base each side of the tergum, &c. Smaller than mercátus, F. and scutelldris, Nob. Macrocera, Latr. 1. M. obliqua. g Thorax with yellowish hair; ter- gum fasciate, second segment with an oblique band. Inhab. Indiana. Body black : head and stethidium with iih dull -- 404 Say’s Descriptions of : lowish hair: Aypostoma and labrum yellow : antenne, excepting the basal joint, beneath piceous: mandibles . yellow at base, with a piceous spot, honey-yellow in the middle and blaekish at tip: wings slightly fuliginous ; nervures dusky : tergum, first segment at base, with hair as on the thorax ; second segment with a broad. basal margin of whitish prostrate hair, and a narrow oblique one on the middle ; third and fourth segments with oblique bands of the same color on their middles; fifth with the band obvious and a little oblique, intermixed with longer hairs. Length nearly three fifths of an inch. RUN have numerous specimens, all of which are males. h Á r M the head and tharsx is slightly tinted with 2. M. Mud Black ; wings blackish. . Inhab. Indiana. 9 Body black : head and thorax, particularly the bunt with short hair, that of the occiput and behind the scutel a little longer : labrum with prostrate hair : wings black- ish violaceous : tergum on some parts, with a slight purplish reflection ; fourth- segment with a transverse- quadrate, white id of prostrate hair on each side, upon its posterior margin : posterior tibie and tarsi, with the long hairs whitish. Length about nine twentieths of an + uB; ` $ A little smaller than the female; nasus and labrum pale yellow ; antennz beneath, diay yellowish ; wings not so dark as in the female; tergum immaculate. - ; it has some points of specific similarity with the Landing: yet it differs so widely from it in other respects, that with much hesitation, I have concluded to give it a distinct place, > North American Hymenoptera. 405 3. M. pruinósa. Tergum with much dilated white . Js double on the second segment ; hair. «ee thorax yellowish. Inhab. United States. & Body black : stethidium clothed with yellow dotis ginous hair: head, hair on the superior part like that of the thorax: nasus with a large, yellow, transverse spot before : labrum with prostrate whitish hairs, and generally an obscure yellowish, longitudinal line: antenna, rather short, beneath excepting the basal joints, dull piceous: wings hyaline : tergum, first segment, except at its tip, hairy like the thorax ; second segment with a white band + at base and another on the posterior sub-margin, united st Ae at the sides ; posterior margin and transverse middle black; third and fourth segments white with black posterior mar- i gins; remainder white ; tarsi ferruginous. Length two fifths of an inch. ; Q Antenne, color as in male : nasus. immaculate : peltier, feet with long ferruginous hair. Length nearly half an inch. A common species ; at first CE risa A like obliqua, Nob. which however is much larger, the bands of the tergum. mucb narrower and more oblique than in the present species. In magnitude this species does not seem to differ widely from that which Drury names annulàris, ii, pl. 37, f. 7. That figure is, however, a very uncer- tain one, even as respects its genus, and in my copy of ` the work, I not at. all agree with the e genes which accompanies "The band bands t the ien: have a pruinose appearance in consequence of the shortness of the hair of which they are composed. The antenne of the male do not int the posterior extremity of the thorax. 406 . Say's Descriptions of 4. M. rústica. "l'ergum with white bands, double on the second segment ; hair of the thorax whitish. ab. Indiana. 2 Body black, with whitish hair: antenne longer than this. stethidiam beneath, excepting the three basal joints, dull piceous : nasus white: thorax with whitish hair: wing-scale black: wings hyaline; nervures fuscous : tergum, first segment, excepting at its tip, hairy like the thorax ; bands white, not much dilated ; second segment with one at base and another behind the middle, confuses: each side ; remaining segments with a band on the middle of each: tarsi towards their tips ferruginous. Length under seven twentieths of an inch. g Body much more robust ; less hairy ; but the bands | of the tergum are rather wider, sometimes almost inter- rupted in the middle ; hair of the posterior feet lee antenne rather short; nasus black. . Length nearly two fifths of an inch. A smaller species than pruinosa and much like it; but it may be distinguished by the much longer antenna of the male, by the nasus being all white, and by the whitish or almost uncolored hair of the head and thorax. When recent, the color of the eyes is light blue, with three or four transverse, movable series of i dark spots. Mecasemux, Latr. à iod d Anterior tarsi dilated, deeply cili- ses eninge rae kg e of the anterior cox Body Sch sas iniry, hindk < wings with a slight fli b we we » < Wy X MEL eio UT ade $ sr e North American Hymenoptera 407 ginous tint, particularly at tip : tergum oblong iios rate: anal segment with a sinus in the tip, of which are small inequalities of the edge : ani feet, coxe with prominent yellow spines, rufous on thé exter rior tip ; thighs yellow, black at tip and base ; tibie black, _ yellow within and at tip, on the posterior tip a very short, ‘acute spine ; tarsi much dilated and deeply ciliated be- hind, yellow-white, covered in their greatest part by a yellow broad scale, which is honey-yellow at tip ; nails honey-yellow : intermediate tarsi cordate, the lobes of . one side more prominent. - Length eleven twentieths of an inch. Mr. Barabino sent me this species. It differs in many respects from the M. latimánus, Nob. (Western Quarterly Reporter) which has in that species the anterior coxe black ; the appendage of the anterior tarsi shorter, &c. but it is perfectly congeneric with it, as well as with AnrHo- PHORA lagópoda, Fabr., if I may judge by the similarity of the anterior feet, though it certainly approaches STELES in the paucity of ventral hair. The maxillary palpi of latimanus, have - second joint rather page than the first. M. brevis. Black ; ; not o remarkably M anterior tarsi simple ; abdomen s , ‘Inhab. Indiana. d Body black, somewhat polishetl haul Sre covered with long, yellowish hairs in front : -thoraz with — hair, sometimes tinged with yellowish, and not the surface: wings a little fuliginous, tinged with ae venter not, or hardly longer than broad : tergum with small, dense punctures, and a narrow, white. band on each segment; anal segment transversely con- cave, at its tip emarginate, in the middle and on each side, «oli Descriptions of "o ] ‘small Tui anterior tarsi ( eous at their tips. ; han two fifths of an inch. than the male ; with very little hair men short ‘indies venter hairy. the same ; but be or tarsi are not dilated, and the $ e anterior Aiomon,. although similarly terminated, is remarkably | shorter. M. pugnatus. Black; anterior tarsi dilated in the ` ` male, with the first joint prolonged at its anterior wr ve 23 | beyond the tip of the second joint. Inhab. Indiana. d Body black, not densely hairy : head. densely cov- ered with long whitish hairs in front: thorax with whitish hair, not concealing the surface: wings fuliginous, tinged _ with violaceous ; venter longer than broad : tergum with small, dense punctures ; and a narrow white band on each segment ; anal segment transversely concave, at its tip emarginate in the middle, and on each side the edge has several small denticulations : anterior tarst whitish, dilated, and ciliated ; anterior tip of the basal joint prolonged a little beyond the tip of the second joint, and its whole length excavated before ; anterior tip of the second joint _ also prolon ged almost to the tip of the third joint ; fourth . jeint not dilated : anterior tibie with dilated crowded punctures: anterior coxe, each with a prominent, black spine: intermediate and posterior tarsi piceous at tip. ` Length over two fifths to nearly half an inch. 9 Frontal hair shorter and less conspicuous ; anterior feet simple ; venter with dense yellow hair. Lengh over half an inch. it it dhight adie be considered ; as Pag It is smaller, much more sle than either latimanus, or pollicáris, Nol what different habit. I ag eg: Wie. t ANTHOPHORA, Latr. "R È E ig 1, A. abripta. | 4 Black ; thorax wit hair; nasus and labrum shiita ks se a x hee ody Ér. h ` Tnhab. Indiana: d. te dide" _ jom t, whitish: nasus, and each side of it to the eye yel- -- lowish, a little tinged: with fulvous in the middle: labruin . pale yellowish, hairy : mandibles having a whitish spot = near their outer base : thorax, pleura and pectus, clothed with whitish cinereous hair : wings hyaline ; nervures fuscous ; stigma not at all dilated : plewra with an oblique line of black hairs. passing downward and backward from the posterior wings: tergum with much shorter and less dense hair than that of the thorax, and black ; that of the - basal segment a little longer, and near the Medida par- taking of the color of the hair of that part : feet black ; the longer hairs of the anterior pair are whitish, Length over half an inch. It is less robust than A. pilipes, F. and is se vail clothed with hair on the anterior part of the body, but the transition of color between the hair of the thorax and that of the tergum is much more abrupt. It has much the appearance of a small humble-baé and also resem- bles Anprena thoracica, F. 2. A. frontàta. Thorax with yellowish hair ; d : toma and basal joint of the antenne beneath, and nee at base and near the tip of the mandibles, yellow. : - Inhab. Louisiana. VOL. I.—PART IV. 58 d A ; = E "afe w K 410 Say’s Descriptions of z Body black: hypostoma yellow and with yellow hairs: antenne with the inferior longitudinal half of the basal ` joint yellow, and with dense yellow hair: nasus yellow, with yellow hair: labrum black, covered by the hair of the nasus: mandibles with a yellow oval spot at base and a slender obsolete one near the tip: mazille with an obsolete yellowish spot before the palpi: palpi with a few rigid hairs ; terminal joint one third the length of the preceding joint: tongue ferruginous: vertex in the middle, having a few yellow hairs: thorar with dense, long, yellow hair: wing-scale blackish: wings with a slight dusky tint ; nervures black, exterior recurrent ner- vure entering the outer cubital cellule directly opposite to the outer nervure of the cellule: tergum hairy ; hairs black, rather long ; a few yellow hairs towards the middle of the first segment: anterior feet with yellow hair on the posterior edge : hind feet, hairs not much elongated. Length half an inch. Sent to me by Mr. Barabino. Differs from the abrüp- ta, Nob. in being less robust, the hair of the thorax being pale yellow, and the mandibles having a white pet near their tips. 3. A. taárea. Thorax pale, with a dusky central spot, from which proceed two lines to the anterior npe. Inhab. Indiana. Body black with whitish cinereous hair : head, hair on the vertex dusky: thorax with whitish hair; a large, obvious, central, dusky spot, with a line curving from it to each anterior angle of the thorax : scutel, hair dusky : metathorax and first segment of the tergum, with cine- reous hair ; remaining segments of the tergum with the hair very idle and black, excepting on the posterior margins which are pure white; 9 ultimate segment with mM ao Va du E "wt "North Americam. Hymenoptera. An a glabrous, subcarinate, triangular, oblong space above: wings hyaline; nervures fuscous ; stigma not suddenly dilated ; terminal third of the radial cellule slightly sepa- rated from the edge of the wing ; terminal nervure o the third cubital cellule inserted at the middle of the nervure of the radial cellule. Length d about two fifths; 9 balf of an inch. The thoracic spot will readily distinguish this species. The manners and habits of the species may be likened to those of the A. parietina, Latr. It digs a cylindrical hole in compact clay or adhesive earth on the side of a bank, or in earth retained amongst the roots of an overturned tree. The hole is two or three inches in depth. The sides and bottom are of a dark brown color, quite smooth and somewhat polished, containing a quantity of white pollen, considerably larger than the artificer itself.. The entrance consists of a cylinder extending downwards from the mouth of the hole, more than an inch in length, and consisting of small pellets of earth compacted together, very rough on the exterior and smooth within. A species of OpyNERUs was numerous in the same locality in which I observed the above, and sometimes entered the holes; but the exterior cylinder does not agree with that which is attributed to O. muraria, Latr. which Kirby and Spence, : inform us is composed of ‘little masses so attached to each other, as to leave numerous vacuities between them, which give it the appearance of filagree-work.” Many of the tubes of the taurea, have a fissure above, throughout the whole length ; resembling in this respect the shell SiL1- ` QUARIA. It does not agree with Fabricius’ Ep of MeEvecta remigata. 412 | Say s Descriptions of Xvrocopa, Latr. ` X. Carolina, Fabr. This species was referred by Fabricius to the genus Cenrrts, and is even now gene- rally considered as belonging to that genus. But doubt- ing the accuracy of that arrangement, I found on exami- nation, that the labial palpi are rectilinear, the terminal joints being in a right line with the others; and the maxil- lary palpi are six jointed. The mandibles have only one large tooth, which is on the inner side. The circumstance of F abricius referring to Drury's fig. 1, pl. 43, of vol. i, for Bowsvs virgineus, Linn. leads me to suppose that he had this species also in view in that description. But as that description in the Syst. Piez. p. 346, agrees very well with one of our largest and finest species of Bomsus, rather than introduce a new name, I would transfer the quotation of Drury’s figure to the description of X. Caro- ` fina, (Cenrris), F. Ladd the following description of it, which I formerly drew out, with the name of valida, under the belief that the Carolina, is really a enm and therefore altogether different. Blackish ; a prominent, compressed, obtuse tubercle between the antennæ ; thorax hairy. Inhab. United States. - 9 Body black, tinged with purplish: head with close , set, discoidal punctures ; an obvious, compressed tubercle . between the antenne, rounded at its tip : labrum conic : thorax tinged with greenish ; with pale yellow hair, . except on the middle: wings fuliginows, sub-opake at tip : tergum tinted with very obscure green ; basal joint covered with pale yellow hairs : + pleura beneath the wing, with yellow hairs . Length about bor fifths of an inch. =_— E ENA North American Hymenoptera. 413 à Nasus white. The tubercle of the head is very distinct. i Common in the Union. 'The males may be distin- guished by their larger and more approximate eyes and white nasus. It varies in having the hair of the thorax .- and of the first abdominal segment, almost ferruginous. 2. X. lateralis. Violaceous ; abdomen with a Mn rior lateral cinereous spot. . Inhab. Mexico. & Body blackish-violaceous : head black : -nasus sid labrum white : antenne with an anterior white line on the radical joint: gene with a few gray hairs: wings, first recurrent nervure entering the third cellule within the distance of its own breadth from the nervure of intersec- tion of the third cellule: abdomen, each side near the tip with a cinereous spot of hair, extending upwards on each side of the venter, but becoming obsolete towards the base. seal over seven tenths of an inch. - Bombus, rag 1. B. sonorus. Yellow ; _ head, idas band and abdomen behind black. Inhab. Mexico Body yellow : Seiat black : thorax with a broad black band in the middle: wings violaceous-black : tergum with the first, second and third segments yellow, the others black: beneath black. Length ¢ four fifths of an inch. Resembles the férvidus, Fabr. so closely that it may - readily be mistaken for it, but that species has only two segments of the tergum clothed with yellow hair; that of 414 Say’s Descriptions of the second one, however, is so much elongated as to con- . ceal a considerable portion of the next segment. "The color is a much deeper yellow than that of férvida. | .9. B. ephippiatus. Black; pleura and base of the tergum yellowish. Inhab. Mexico. . Body black: pleura pale ated wings dusky, tinged with violaceous : tergum pale yellow towards the base ; this color is gradually narrowed behind and terminates on the third segment, forming somewhat of a semi-oval, with its base to the thorax and confluent with the color of the pleura. Length less than half an inch 3. B. terndrius.. Yellowish ; thorax fabciatp:; tergum fulvous in the middle. nhab. Indiana. Head black : thorax with dull yellowish hair, i a blackish band on the middle: wings with a slight yellow- ish tinge ; nervures fuscous : tergum fülvous on the second . and third segments ; first and fourth segments yellowish ; remaining segments black. Length ¢ nearly three fifths of an inch. — 'Ta16oxa, Jurine, Latr. _ 1. T.. bilinedta. |... Blackish : ; antenne, beneath, labrum and ‘two lines on the nasus pale. - Inhab. Mexico. | Body piceous black ; depu of the antenne bendi marrow anterior orbits, two rather broad lines on the hypostoma, labrum and mandibles somewhat pale: wings hyaline, slightly tinged with fuliginous towards the base ; cubital cellules obsoletely divided into three by two = North American Hymenoptera. 415 hardly perceptible nervures ; ultimate cellules hardly attaining to the tip of the wing ; the second receiving the. recurrent nervure: feet not different in color from the body ; posterior tibie with the cilie of the edge sparse. Length less than one fourth of an inch. It is somewhat smaller, and less robust than the rüficrus, Latr. of which the posterior tibie are densely ciliated. I am indebted to Dr. Klug for a specimen of the ràficrus ; and it is very different from the amalthéa and spinipes, Fabr. My specimens are workers, and I did not find the nest or ascertain the kind and importance of the honey they make. The generic name is almost too much like Triconia of Conchology, but as the pronunciation differs it can remain. ' 2. T. ligata. © Blackish ; abdominal segments mar- gined with ochreous. Inhab. Mexico. Body brownish-black, hairy : antenne beneath, parti- cularly the basal joint, anterior half of the anterior orbits, line distinguishing two lobes of the hypostoma and mouth, dull yellowish : wings slightly tinged with fuliginous, par- ticularly towards the base; nervures ofthe cubital cellules like those of the bilineàta, Nob. but the first one is much more distinct: tergum shortly hairy ; posterior margins of the segments ochreous: feet dull honey-yellow ; tip of the posterior tibie and base of the first tarsal joint E liegt about two fifths of an inch. | Of this I obtained but a single specimen, chans. i is a worker. It is widely different from the preceding species, particularly in being hairy, and is much larger and of a somewhat different habit. I have carefully compared it with Latreile's descriptions and figures of MELIPONA ee ee E zu x ea Ae 416 | Storer’s Description of a new Species favosa, lllig. scutellàris, Latr., fasciáta, Latr., snterrápta; Observations ; and even should it be referred to that genus notwithstanding its denticulated mandibles, I have endea- vored to draw out such characters as may distinguish it from them. Latreille, however, ba Ts of MELIPONA “ Mandibles sans dentelures apparentes” which entirely excludes this species, although it agrees in habit. ART. XVIIIL—DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS HYDRARGYRA; WITH SOME ADDITIONS TO . THE CATALOGUE OF THE FISHES OF MASSACHU- SETTS IN HITCHCOCK’S REPORT. By D. HüMPHRÉYS Storer. Read June 4th, 1836. ^ LTHOUGH' the genus Cyprinus of Linneus was divid- . sed: by Cuvier, in -his Règne Animale, into no less than "seventeen distinct genera, Le Sueur found it necessary to add another—or rather to modify the genus HYDRAR- GYRA of La Cepède, which Cuvier included in his genus Pectus, in order to admit those well known fishes, called minnows, or mud fishes, so often ` seen about fresh water YDRAF Sueur i is a well characterized eo p y dimi on which have been publish- ese fishes, ained in the Journal of the j y n Notar! Sciences at Philadelphia. The : 1, 2o a report was requested of me, at ihe ei f , is a new species. Four species have been deed by Le Sueur—and each has E of the genus Hydrargyra. 417 received i its name from the transverse bands with which it was ornamented. I would follow the example of the dis- tinguished naturalist who has preceded me in the genus, in selecting a name for this species. Hina iéu a TRIFASCIATA. Four longitudinal bands on each side of the body, and three transverse bands between the termination of the longitudinal bands and the base of the tail. The upper part of the body is of a yellowish iiia: on each side, are four dark colored bands running almost the entire length of the fish : the first of these, is high on the back ; the second passes from the upper edge of the operculum, in a direct line to its termination ; the remain- ing two, commencing back of the pectoral fin, run ob- liquely upwards and backwards to a point on a line with the centre of the ventral fin, then turn gently down, and are continued parallel with the other two bands. At the base of the tail, are three transverse bands of a similar color. All the under oes of the Lz i is ofa brilliant yellow. . Snout elongated—lower jaw — Length of specimen five inches five lines: th cn seven and a half lines: depth, zA ee one and a half Bas ^ P1 -a D 14. V 6. 2. C 18. This fish was tki cou species o a the genus ` the marshes of this vicinity. ga ot Since reading, a few months since, a paper oti on the Cata- logue of the Fishes of Massachusetts, the following un been met with, not mentioned in that Catalogue, vi are now contained in our Cabinet. VOL. I.—PART IV. w i Tad E E DA EC ree UY d NOE. E Brewer's Remarks on ‘Scomperesox saurus, Frem. The Saury—called here by the fishermen, the bill-fish. Not unfrequently taken on some parts of the coast in nets. ‘Two specimens de have lately been cast ashore at. Nahant—one of which, very perfect, was presented to the Society by Mr. Jona- s than Johnson of that place. GST . Mvunzworpzes gutidta, Lacerepe. The — Found in large. numbers under the rocks on beaches at low tide. i Puvsis furcdtus; Fuem. The great forked beard. Incorrectly called by our fishermen the Hake. Gasterostevs quádracus, MrrcHminL. The spined stickle-back. —A specimen of this pretty little fish, one inch and three lines in length, was brought me by Mr. Joseph P. Couthouy, who found it thrown upon the : beach of South Boston Point, at the. entrance of Boston dr SEL. eM o: ! . ART. XIX.—REMARKS ON THE POSITIONS ASSUMED ê _ .BY GEORGE ORD, ESQ. IN RELATION TO THE COW GAZINE FOR BRUARY, 1836. AE BREWER. that are ie to North a communication to Loudon’s a > pos perhaps there is not one ; “int a as those of the _ BLACK- -BIRD, (ICTERUS AGRIPENNIS) IN LOUDON'S ` latter clause he might have added, that among American birds, there is hardly a single species whose habits are less generally known, except indeed by professed ornitholo- gists, than those of this interesting bird.’ Its very existence among us is unknown to most; or if any are aware that we have a bird that imposes upon its neighbors the task of rearing its young, it is but too often confounded: with the European cuckoo. But the fact is, our cuckoos; thas unjustly involved in the obloquy attached to the conduet of the European species, in the beautiful language of Wilson, “build their own nest, hatch their own eggs, and rear their own young ; and in conjugal and parental affection, ont nowise behind any of their hse of the grove." That the habits of this bird should have aque thus involved in obscurity, and should continue so, to the present day, will not, perhaps, strike us with so much astonishment, when we learn that such distinguished nat- uralists as Wilson, Nuttall and Audubon, have not merates four positions. assumed by others, bt pronounces untenable. They are, 49 - dn. the e. tiia die writer of Mr peas : bud 420 Brewers Remarks on - Ast. * There is never more than don egg of the cow- - bunting deposited in the same nest.’ 2nd. “ The egg invariably hatches before those of the foster bird.” 3rd. “ The foster mother, in ‘cab food for her first- born, neglects her own eggs, and their embryos conse- quently perish.” | 4th. *'The birds selected. by the cow-bunting as nurses of her progeny are always smaller than herself." He is undoubtedly correct as to the first position. His views on this point he makes good, by a number of in- stances which he adduces. But it has not, as he would lead us to infer, been assumed, by either Wilson or Nut- tall, nor yet; in all probability, did Audubon so intend. -merely says,“ I have never known more than one. egg of the cow-bunting dropped in the same nest ;" and Mr. Ord afterwards tells us that the fact of two being sometimes found, became known to Wilson before his ed death. And even the position of Mr. Audubon, un- variance with established "e which was evi ` founded as it may seem at a hasty glance, and a". t * SE rap be. eg Yos amen SS ge ca Den the Cow Black-Bird.  meaning Mr. Ord does seem to attribute to his words, but which is by no means a fair inference) he is undoubt- edly correct. < The simultaneous hatching of-the eggs,” (to use Mr. Ord's own words) in every instance where two cow-troopial’s eggs have been found in the same nest, ^ proves that they had been deposited by different “individuals.” => Mr. Ord would not déftainiy have us suppose ie considered the fact as unknown to Nuttall. For the latter writes, * I have sometimes remarked two of these » T eggs in the same nest, but in this case, one of them commonly proves abortive.” ** If one commonly proves abortive,” remarks Mr. Ord, ‘ both sometimes must hatch. Now as Mr. Nuttall does not inform us that he ever saw two cow-buntings in the same nest, we are compelled to infer that the circumstance of abortion is related at second hand.” I wish not to pass a too hasty _ judgment, but Ï cannot but regard the inference involved _ intheslast: sentence, one of the most hastily deduced that the pen of a naturalist. It is not only not e sa t; in most < mon y proved abortive; and as they. did not do. instance, Mr. Ord very justly infers that i in both must have hatched ; and in the same umps at once to the very opposite conclusion, Mr. Nuttalldoes in not tell us that he saw the iiri Nuttall’ s words, ee to me nal s d 422 Brewer's Remarks on one, he is compelled to infer that he did not witness the other. »Mr. Nuttall does not tellus, in so many words, that he ever saw the nest of the chipping sparrow. Are - we thence to infer that. he never did see one, but that his description of it is * related at second hand?" Where then will Mr. Ord find the position in question, which. if he could find assumed, he would be amply justified’ in pronouncing it untenable?) What naturalist ever assumed it? Not Wilson, for. he only expresses his ignorance on the subject. Not Audubon, for, as far as we can see, he leaves the point untouched. And most certainly not Nut- tall. We are compelled to think that he has but wasted his time in demolishing an imaginary position. On the second point I can offer nothing from personal observation, either in support of, or in-opposition to Mr. Ord's views. In the only instances that have fallen under my notice, the eggs of the cow-troopial alone were hatched. On this head, the writer of the above paper in Loudon modestly observes ; “The. opinion advanced by Wilson, and echoed by others, that the cow-bunting is invariably the first hatched, is mere conjecture, totally unsupported by facts. It must now yield to truth; al- though the sentimental reader will, doubtless, regret that the profoun reflections on the wi i Me = are we to think then, when, although bestias sey PE observations, saith et his point, from the Cow Bac Bir 423 hatched the first? I will nat detain you with a detail of his observations ; their amount is, that in several instances he found the parasite and the young of the owner of the nest hatched during the same night. But what right has he to assume, that the cow-troopial was not hatched twelve hours before the others? On one occasion, he found a nest of the indigo bird, containing one egg of the cow-troopial and three legitimate eggs: eleven days after he found the egg of the troopial hatched and two of the indigo bird’s. ‘The egg-shell of the former, and that of one of the latter, remained in the nest. ` The other had been removed. From this Mr. Ord infers that the last was the first hatched. This assumption is entirely gratui- tous ; and until it be admitted that birds uniformly remove their egg-shells within a certain time after the eggs have been hatched, ter Sn ipiised; Mr. Ord would seem. to à to D he fant. j the! calo woubicadisit of bodas -All that has yet been proved, on the opposite side of the question, is, that the eggs of P birds have. been hatched duging the same the cow. in part, correct. pre i holds good : is still undeniable ; and the few instances t have been cited, must be regarded as 424 Brewer's Remarks on The last position which Mr. Ord combats is, that * the birds selected by the cow-bunting, are always smaller than herself." In support of his views on this subject he mentions, that he twice found the parasite in the nest of the-wood thrush, which bird is larger than the troopial. The eggs were in these instances set upon and hatched by the owners of the respective nests. The credit of the discovery of this fact is undoubtedly due to Mr. Ord. -The scientific world is indebted to him so far as this goes, but no`farther., For the rule is not the less a general one, because exceptions to it have been found. For, while the cow-troopial’s egg is frequently detected in the nests of no less than fifteen different species, all of which are smaller than that bird, it has been shus far discovered in the eggs themselves are not inch süpetier à in size to those - oftheir intended foster-parents." “If this were the fact, it would justly be entitled to the epithet remarkable,” says Mr. Ord. In his views on this point, Mr. Ord is undoubtedly correct, and Audubon singularly mistaken. We are willing to award to the former all the credit that is his due, for correcting this mistake. But if Mr. Ord had - contented himself with simply pointing out the mistake, instead of descending and disgracing the pages of his paper by bestowing apa: Audubon the ee pe o" the Cow Black-Bird. 495 pes deduces from this sup osed fact,—instead of instituting an odious comparison between Nuttalland Audu- bon, by styling the former the more üng naturalist, it would have been much more to his credit. Such things are alike unmanly and unbecoming the cause of science. We can overlook a mistake in one who has done so much to the cause of natural history. We cannot so readily excuse the correction of that error when apparently dic- tated by feelings of a personal character. In this same paper we also find the following tinis « It appears to be the prevailing opinion, that if the cow- bird deposits her egg in a nest Wherein the owner has not yet begun to lay, the nest is either deserted forthwith or the egg of the intruder is so buried by the addition of fresh materials, that it ao abortive. On this head I am not prepa ru than that the opinion 29 P wears the app: i lity. His opinion ap- pears to have 1 by the following circum- stance. ` « e Ï found the nest of the red-eyed f ‘cow-bird’s egg, and one of her own. As fi e smallness of the nest, the cow- bird could not enter its cavity, she was compelled to sit `. over it; and her egg in dropping, broke the fly-catcher’s. The nest was abandoned.” © This fact has very little bearing on the point in question, as it is one of the most common occurrences to find nests forsaken, in which one or more of the eggs have been broken. Mr. Ord is, however, mistaken in regarding it as the prevailing opi- nion that such is invariably the case. Audubon implies the ` ee Me being instances to the contrary, uti tells 1 w "e LS È ' 426 _ Brewer's Remarks on “Should the cow-bird deposit its egg in a nest newly finished and as yet empty, the owners of the nest, not un- frequently desert it.” Did he not read the following pas- ` sedet in Nuttall ? The only mn pakapi to the con- OCCU ied by the stray egg, i is in the blue-bird, who, Attached strongly to breed- ing places, in which it often continues for several years,’ has been known to lay, though with apparent reluctance, after the deposition of the cow-bird's egg." From this we see, that the one leaves us to infer that the rule is not universal,—the other plainly tells us so. Be this, how- ever, as it may, an interesting circumstance, that fell under my observation the present summer, places the question beyond controversy, so far as the universality of the rule E = is concerned. On the 10th of June, I found the nest of a red-eyed vireo nearly finished. It was situated on the extremity of a branch of an oak, at the height of about thirty feet. As in its situation it was quite inacces- sible, I succeeded in fastening a cord to the end of the limb, and by bringing it nearer to the body of the tree and securing it in that situation, I brought it within reach, with a view of obtaining specimens of its eggs. Although the nest was by this means nearly inverted, the bird did not forsake it, but built up a new side where the nest had been brought down, and thus adapted it to its new situa- tion. This process rendered the nest of a very peculiarly M deep shape. About a fortnight after, on examining the dd nest, I found in it two eggs of the cow-troopial, consider- ably advanced in incubation, although there were none of the owners of the nest. On the 30th of the same month, one egg of the vireo was found rv been added. This had — been set: pon bui the Cow B Black-Bird. = ` = a ory x nature, for € Anard but paetualy two the bird was ready to lay any of. her own eggs. And though repeatedly disturbed, first by having her empty and unfinished nest nearly inverted, then by having the eggs of the cow-troopial removed and afterwards replaced, in order to put their identity beyond a doubt, and again by having her own egg removed, she still clung to her adopted offspring, with unexampled fidelity. Again, we find the following paragraph, in which, by his unwarranted deductions, he.is guilty of great injustice to Mr. Nuttall: * There is a passage in Mr. Nuttall’s history of the blue-grey fly-catcher, which I cannot for- bear quoting, as it involves one of the most preposterous ideas that ever entered into the brain of a naturalist. After describing the nest of the fly-catcher, our author adds, ‘In this frail nest, the cow-troopial sometimes deposits her egg, and leaves her offspring to the care ot these affectionate and pigmy nurses. In this case, as with the cuckoo in the nest of the yellow wren, and that of the red-tailed warbler, the egg is probably conveyed by the parent, and placed in this small and slender cradle, which could not be able to sustain the weight, or receive the body of the intruder.’” | “ It seems,” observes Mr. Ord, * that some astute observers have lately discovered that the European cuckoo is in the habit of transporting + het egg in her mouth, when the situation of the nest of ' J her selected nurse (a hole in the wall for instance) should seem to hinder her ingress to it. Mr. Nuttall, seizing : upon this idea, does nons to conjecture that the se AE our cow-bunting in the ; i of the golfen-crowned, thi this nest. is such as utter! the Sie dite ever depositing its gta somewhat sin dd h woods, « x a unk generall Though $ ` below t nd see nests, pps in Came = : * 3 pies, mnie unen is been wi ned since it was found, but is not now more -i one and a half inches wide. The cow- -troopial is seven inches in length, eleven in alar extent, and about four through the body. Does it seem more imp robable that the egg is conveyed by the bird, than LK: body seven inches long and four thick can. EM, through a passage one and a half inches wide into a space not more than two inches in diameter? Mr. Ord might at least have found some other explanation, before ` pronounced the only one that has yet been offered, for these singular facts, * the most Mm idea. on s ever entered the brain of a naturalist.” : Mr. Ord, in speaking of the opinion advanced by Audubon that birds have the means of distinguishing an addled egg, says; “1 have reason to believe that birds _ Possess no such knowledge; and I am confident that (C we cannot allow to birds the power of. addled eggs, and yet allow t troc id u ascertaining whether the : : - Mr Ord concludes his a e by several a] k ae ke assumes. As the first four are but the revei be dietis: I will not detain stuart on of Shem; The remainder are, ; ` Ist. “ When two eggs of the cow-bunting are hatched ioe poian smaller than herself, the- the- young of the foster-bird, for the want of room, ar are c either — in the nest , or jostled out of it.” 9nd. * When only one egg "of the, cow- batting hatched in the nest of a bird smaller than herself, ie cow-bird, and the young of the owner of the nest, —- and reared with equal affection, and dwell “When the cow-bunting drops her egg in i: & ^ mikak a bird larger than herself, the selected nurse does. not eject the egg, but hatches the stranger, and nourish it as her own.” 4th. “ The cow-bunting will drop her egg into a nest which contains more than one egg.” 5 x 7 à bs a. " » 7 A iN 430 uw Brewer's Remurks on His first position is undoubtedly sound ; as in every instance, where two cow-buntings have been known to have been hatched in the same nest, it has uniformly resulted in the death of the smaller birds. 'The second position cannot be so readily admitted. That it does frequently occur is undisputed, but that the reverse is much more frequently the case is equally unde- niable.. The very fact that the circumstance was unknown to men of such observation as Wilson, Audubon and Nut- tall, should make us hesitate, before, from a few occasional instances, we set it down at once, as a general rule.. The third rule Mr. Ord founds upon the circumstance before alluded to, of his twice finding the egg of a troopial | in the nest of the wood-thrush. di pon these slight grounds he does not hesitate to set it down as a general rule, that birds invariably hatch these eggs when entrusted A to their care. If new rules are to be admitted as well- = founded, and old ones to be dismissed as unfounded, upon such slight grounds and groundless inferences as Mr. Ord would have them, the laws of nature, unchanging and immutable as they in reality are, will be made to appear as uncertain as the sands of the sea-shore. If he had merely assumed that this fact held true with the wood- ' thrush, nothing could have been said; but what right has he to assume that the same is the case with every other bird, larger than the cow black-bird? it is well known that the cat-bird invariably removes the eggs of strange birds not merely of different, but even of the same spe- and the robin as invariably forsakes her nest if thus dupon. And until Mr. Ord can adduce satisfac- tory proof that the troopial is hatched and nursed in the nest of the meadow lark, the Baltimore oriole, the red- winged black-bird, the king-bird, the ferruginous thrush, = oe e the Cow Black-Bird. = `` 431 the cat-bird, the robin, the hermit thrush, the ground robin, the cardinal grosbeak, the cuckoo, the woodpecker, &c., (L ask not all—a few species will suffice), he cannot but be thought to have hastily adopted an unfounded and untenable position. . His last position, that the cow-bunting will drop her . egg in a nest which contains more than one egg, is a fact - of too common occurrence to need confirmati One - would think it.a fact too well known to the veriest tyro in ornithology to require being mentioned at all; least of all, of being brought forward as a new discovery. There is one circumstance, connected with the history of this bird, which does not appear to be generally known. It has been mentioned. that when a cow black-bird's egg is deposited in a nest newly finished, and before the owner has begun to lay, the bird will frequently enclose the egg in fresh materials so as to prevent it from ever hatching. It does not appear to be known that the bird will some- times, in order to get rid of the intruder, bury with the cow-troopial’s, her own eggs. That such is sometimes the case, the following will show. In the summer of 1835, I found in the botanical garden in Cambridge, a nest of the summer yellow-bird, which a brood had evi- dently but just left. Its peculiarly elongated shape, at- tracted my notice. Upon examining it, I found that the bird had apparently first constructed a nest of the usual shape, and had deposited in it three of her own eggs. At this period, a cow blackbird had added another. Not E wishing, as it would seem, to waste her time by rearing a stranger, to the probable destruction of her own offspring, and yet unwilling to be at the trouble of constructing a nest entirely anew, she merely built an additional -story to it: thus effectually destroying the egg of the intruder, - Brewer's Remarks on á Z Ç= with it, her own. In this upper story she had evi- dently succeeded in raising her second brood in safety. In the centre of this nest, I found these four eggs . thus singularly incarcerated. There is also another circumstance to which I would - direct your attention. There are found two kinds of parasite eggs so different in marking, as to warrant us colisidering them. the product of different species, did ~ we know any other than the cow-troopial to which to attribute one of them. One of these eggs is- fk Mid e ground.” Its thickness is nearly the same E This is the egg of the cow black-bird. T considerably pm size, one end is. : uc: more pointed than di ones; i its ground is pure white and ^. the spots are much more sparing and are of a much deeper = tint of brown, nearly approaching to black. To what bird = does this egg belong? If to the cow-troopial, in what -Ka manner shall we explain this unusual difference? If not, X to what bird shall we attribute it? Nuttall, in his account of the ambiguous sparrow, which he supposes a new species, asks, “ may not this be the offspring of the white and more sparingly spotted egg, deposited occasionally in the nests of the cow-bird’s nurses ?” If so, why is not this rare bird proportionally common with its egg? One word, before concluding, on our cuckoos. To - show how little these birds d . 2601 s ) dilte y regarded, L will a trivial, but not un nteresting circumstance, which my own observation. A nest of the black- ed cuckoo, containing three young, was found in Cam- e in "n summer of. 1835, and the female, brutally ` 4 *- c a T TS the Cow Black-Bird. | 433 : ishing from hunger, were carefully and affectionately ` nursed by the surviving male. Such things are of com- ` mon occurrence among birds in general, but it is what would hardly have been expected from the hated and much injured cuckoo. j Among the foster parents of the cow-troopial, Wils. Á dliumerates the blue-bird, the chipping-sparrow, the — golden-crowned thrush, the red-eyed fly tcher, the goldfinch, the ‘Maryland yellow-throat, the white-eyed the blue-grey flycatcher. To these the summer yellow-bird. Nuttall adds d, the song-sparrow, and Wilson's thrush. he -wood-thrush. To these may be added the sn ‘wee in the Society’s collection, the purple- finch in that of Mr. S. Cabot Jr. , and the bay-winged finch in my own. ` l must crave the indulgence of the Society for tres- ` passing upon so much of their time. The importance A having every new fact that is advanced in science duly considered, must be my excuse. If I have hesitated from insufficient grounds, to dismiss old positions and adopt the new ones of Mr. Ord, I trust I have given the ` facts he brings forward, all the weight they deserve. If I have felt called upon to notice and animadvert upon a spirit of hostility towards co-laborers in the cause of science, which but too clearly shows itself in his paper, I trust I have done no EXC han every friend of fair and Since making the above communication, I have | able to investigate with a little more fulness, the 'sub- sé | VOL. I.—PART IV. udo ks 8 x : i * -bi a ie 434 Brewer’s Remarks on the Cow Black-Bird. ject of the removal of eggs by birds, from one place to another ; and the result of my inquiries has satisfied me, that the thing is not only not impossible, but that it is practised much more frequently, by several species of birds, than is generally imagined. I have been recently informed by the author of “Birds of America,” that he has himself seen the. i buck-will’s-widow remove her eggs Mp p on per eiving that they had been handled. ith regard to the cow '-troopial, in the case of the golden- . erowned thrush, dés: same accurate observer of nature . informs me that the cow black-bird is in the custom of rolling her egg along on the ground, and of thrusting it into the opening of the nest of the thrush with her head. This, however, could not have been practised in the nest of which I have already spoken in the possession of Mr. Rotch, and in which an egg of the cow black-bird was actually found, a fact of which I was not aware when I gave a description of this nest. It was impossible that i `; this method could have been put in practice in this case, . as the nest was not built asit generally is, upon the ground, but on a bush slightly elevated above the ground. In all other respects it was exactly similar, the entrance being on the side and not on the top. It must therefore have been thrust into the nest by means either af the bill or of ied a A Es M m m the claws of the bird. . From the inconvenient shape’ of the former, it would seem most probable that the latter was the means employed. I am inclined to think that the. removal, not only of the eggs, but even of the nests, so not of unfrequent occurrence. ` It has been related, every appearance of truth, to have been witnessed in. | France, i in the European nightingale. I am nearly certain that I have met with another instance in our common house-wren. . The only reason I have for hesi- eel 4 _, À DS adm T ji t # = - Brewer's Additions, &c. 435 tation is, that I was unable to find the nest after its removal. In the case of the nightingale, the observer was more successful. It is to be hoped that this subject will not be deemed unworthy the attention of our field naturalists. A careful investigation cannot fail to lead to the discovery of many interesting facts. And if the result of these investigations shall be to overthrow and refute any of the opinions of those : who have gone before us, let such refutations be made in a spirit of friendliness and true love d science. PRES ss ART. XX.—SOME ADDITIONS TO THE CATALOGUE OF THE BIRDS OF MASSACHUSETTS IN PROF. HITCH- COCK'S REPORT, &e. By THomas M. Brewer. Read Dec. 7th, 1836 Tue ornithological portion of the catalogue of the ani- mals and plants of Massachusetts, published by Professor Hitchcock in his report on the geology of this State, though prepared by an eminent naturalist, and with evi- dent and careful labor and research, is yet deficient in the names of a large number of birds that are to be found in this State, some of them in great numbers. These omis- sions are undoubtedly, in part, owing to the residence of the author in the interior of the State, as the greater part of those omitted are water-birds, and partly to the acces- sion of new species. "The following are not in Professor Hitchcock’s Report, and are all to be found in this State. Fatco linedtus, (Wilson). "This bird has been the | cause of some dispute among our naturalists, owing to its supposed identity with the winter-hawk (Farco gemi melin). It was described originally by Wilson as a E v `x Í E" E x r f at 436 Brewer’s Additions to the List of distinct species ; but he seems afterwards to have regarded their dissimilarity as the result of age. Bonaparte and Nuttall have both supported the same position. It has, however, been satisfactorily proved, by the justly -cele- brated author of ‘ Birds of America,” that these birds are distinct sponsi The red-shouldered hawk is not $ e, but also breeds here, as a nest jn, the skin of this bird, which was shot last Wintel in the same town. Since the above was read to the Society, Ï have been informed by Mr. Samuel Cabot, Jr., that he also met with a nest of this bird in Brookline. Fatco Coopérii, (Bonap.) A beautifully mounted specimen of this bird, in the private collection of Mr. S. Cabot Jr., was shot by him near Fresh Pond, in Cam- ; bridge. Moscicapa Canaidinsia, (Linn.) "This bird was met with by Mr. Audubon, frons Pennsylvania to Naim: land. Muscicapa Acadica, imn: This is a very com- mon bird, and breeds in this vicinity in abundance. ~ Muscicapa cerilea, (Wilson)? As this bird has been found as far north as Canada, it is not improbable that it is occasionally to be met with in this State. ' Syxvia discolor, cages ) This bird was found in saa State by Mr. Nutt _ Syuvra rara, wa Rand, says Mr. Audubon, ` from Bamislvapis to Maine. Sxuvia Philadélphia, (Wilson). This bid was - observed by Mr. Nuttall in the Botanical Gardens in Cambridge. I also met with it last summer, in the west- ee ur o ew pers tg + 1 ` v the Birds of Massachusetts, 437 ern part of Roxbury among some willows bordering on a small pond. It was apparently feeding upon insects. - Rxaurvs tricolor, (Nuttall). I obtained one of these birds in the early part of last October, near the Blue Hills in Milton. Reevuuvs caléndulus, (Bonap.) This bird I give on the authority of Mr. Nuttall. -~ Trociopytes Americana, ( rity of Audubon. of TROGLODYTES palústris, (Bor A in the salt marshes on our southern shore Fnrermna caudacáta, (Latham). - This bird has be- come, of late, a frequent visiter in this vicinity, though I do not know that it has ever been known to breed here. Picus tridactylus, (Linn.) One of these birds was shot in Templeton. Trinea subarquata, (Temm.) Mr. Audubon obtained two specimens of this bird in our market. TRINGA maritima, emb) ‘I have met with this bird in abundance in our mark Toranus stewie (Sabine). On tib story of Nuttall. ` Toranus Dostéeine (Temm. ) This is aiit a common bird about here, and is known as the upland plover. I have in my collection an egg of this bird, which was found, if not within the limits of this State, at most, not three miles from its borders. Puatarorus hyperboreus, (Lath.) On the authority of Nuttall and Audubon. Puatarorus Wilsdnii, (Sabine): This bird was found by Mr. Audubón from Boston to New Jersey. Popicers rubricéllis, (Lath.) A specimen of this bird was sent me fok: Nahin It is known sam On res autho- Dis bind hewhds ^: $ * n ihe Aig? aie # % Jm 6e b $ i zi bo "a y A m OT FL 438 E — Additions to the List of water-witch, a name indiscriminately applied to the whole genus. STERNA Capána; (Lath.)? As this bird breeds both in Florida and in Labrador, it seems fair to infer that it may be met with between these two places. I do not know, however, any instance in which a specimen bas wd been obtained in the State. Lanus argentátus, (Brunnich). I have in my p— sion a fine specimen, shot in East Boston. Larus leucépterus, (Fabr.) On the authority of Mr. Audubon | Larus tridactylus, (Lath.) This is found in abundance about Boston, in spring. Larus marinus, (Linn.) This bird was found here by Mr. Audubon. Larus zonorhynchus, (Richardson). I have in my possession a pair which I obtained in our market. Lesrris catarractes, (Temm.) On the authority of Mr. Nuttall. Lestris Richardsónii, .(Swainson). Said to be here, by both Nuttall and Audubon, Tuatassiproma Wilsdnii, (Boca) This bird is very abundant in the latter part of summer and through the fall. It is known by the name of Mother Carey’s . Chickens.. THALASSIDROMA Lèachii, (Bonap.) A specimen of this bird was obtained by Mr. Ives, in Ipswich. Anser leucépsis, (Bonap.) I put this bird among the birds of Massachusetts, on the same ground as it is in the list of the birds of the United States, tradition. mere glers are said to have been shot on our coast. ` Anas obscira, (Gmelin). This is one of our most common ducks. . Improperly known in our market as the Black Duck. A the Birds of Massachusetts. 439 Fouuieuta Labradéra, (Bonap.) Stragglers of this species are said to have been obtained throughout the whole extent of our coast. ForreuLA rübida, (Bonap.) This bird is quite com- mon in the market, in the early part of September, and is known as the Dun-Bird. Fouxteuna rufitérques, (Bonap.) One of these birds, in the private collection of Mr. Samuel Cabot Jr., was shot by him in Fresh Pond. = FonrevLA Aistrionica, (Bonap.) "This bird, though extremely rare, is still occasionally met with in our . waters. It has occasionally been shot near Nahant. Last winter, also, I saw in our market a pair that was shot off Phillips’ Beach. This-winter they have been procured at the Graves. Mznavs cucullàtus, (Linn.) A specimen of this bird, belonging to the Society, was obtained a few years since in Ipswich. One of these birds was also shot in Fresh Pond by Mr. Cabot. PHALACROCORAX Carbo, (Dumont). . Found. near Boston by both Audubon and Nuttall. TN Puatacrocorax diléphus, (Nuttall). I obtained a specimen of this bird here, this fall. / Unra grylle, (Lath.) A specimen of this bird was obtained at Nahant. It is known there as the sea-pigeon. Un tróile, (Lath.) On the authority of Mr. Au- dubon. X common bird in severe weather. FULIGULA fusca, (Bonap.) This is very common. FurreuLa ferina, (Stevens). This bird is often to be met with in our market, and is occasionally shot in Fresh Pond i 4 £o xr cie E dolos E FvrtrGULA mollissima, (Bonap.) This is also a very i ee, E d Z. Lom. ` 440 Couthouy’s Description of a new species "ART. XXL—DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS MARGINELLA (LAM.), WITH SOME OBSERVA- TIONS UPON THE SAME. By Josrrn P. Covruovy. Read Oct. 5. 1836 a In examining a box of shells recently received from the Spanish Main, I was struck by the singular aspect of two shells of the genus MaReiINELLA which were among them ; and subsequently, a careful examination of such as have been already described, has resulted in the conviction that they belong to a new species. I have described it as follows : MARGINELLA STORERIA. Pate IX, Fig.1. 2. M. testa parva, ovati, nitidd, cineraceà vel cinereo-albescente, ssepe fasciis duabus obscuris cinctá, spira obtusa, levis; labro crass0, albidissimo, intus castaneo, levique; margine supra aureo-fusces- cente fimbriatà. Columellà plicis quatuor latis instructâ, super ventrem valde extensis. Shell ovoid, smooth, shining, of an ash or ashy-white color, back sometimes crossed by two indistinct bands, the successive growth of the shell indicated by white lon- gitudinal lines. Spire slightly prominent, smooth, under side concealed by vitreous matter. Margin very’ white and strongly developed, its upper edge marked with a dark or- ange or tawny line. Interior of a dark chestnut-color. Col- umella furnished with four strong plaits or folds, which ex- tend much farther than usual upon the belly of the shell, and form i its chief distinction. The two upper are nearly transverse, the two lower very oblique, and a slight in- dentation or groove is perceptible in all four, a short dis- a ‘of the genus Marginella. 441. tance from their termination. . 'The belly of the shell is wholly covered with a brilliant, white callosity, formed by the deposit of vitreous matter. > Length fourteen-twentieths, breadth nine-tweritieths of an inch. Inhabits the southern coasts of the Gulf of Mexico. In the Cabinet of the Boston Society of Natural History, that of D. H. Storer, M. D., and my own collection. The shell bearing most resemblance to it is the M: bivaricòsa; but in addition to the spire-of that species being much more prominent, the folds on the columella, have all nearly the same direction, the margin is double and its edges rounded ; whereas, in this, the two upper folds are nearly tratuvèrse, the two lower very oblique, and the edges of the margin very sharply defined. It is also much broader in proportion to its length than the M. bivaricòsa. The most unpractised eye could not fail to detect a difference instantaneously, between the two shells. In both the specimens in my possession, the characters above mentioned are uniform. It is far from my intention to indulge i in the too preva- lent system of constituting new species from .mere varie- ties of a shell; but while: we have such authority as Lamarck and Mietes for — the M. faba and M. bifasciáta, the M. formicula and M. muscaria, the M. glabélla and M. aurantia as re each distinct species ; . where the closest scrutiny can detect no other differences than those of size and coloration; the shell under con- sideration must. be acknowledged to possess far stronger claims to a name of its own. ! It can hardly be doubted, that had any of the Euro- pean naturalists met with it, they would have designated it as a new species ; and after the fiat of their approba- VOL. I.—PART Iv. oF dis: ^ Aion * 449 Couthouy's Description of a new species, &c. tion, there is as little question it would have been received as such by us. "There is no reason why we should not adopt a similar course on this side the water. . Our situation is peculiarly favorable for the procuring of new objects of Natural History. The researches of a large portion of our community, are daily extended into new regions, abounding with such objects. We have, doubtless, in our several collections, many speci- mens yet undescribed; and why should we, through indolence or timidity, defer making them known, till at last some one abroad, as fortunate and less hesitating than ourselves, does so, and deprives us of the opportunity of casting our mite into the great.treasury of Natural His- tory ? Ï have. T led to these remarks, by the fact of there having been for a long. time, in my own limited cabinet, a number of shells, which have only very recently been described, and of which I should have long since given descriptions myself, but for the cautious prudence of some of my friends, and the cry of “oh there is no doubt it has been described by somebody already." So far as in my power, 1 am determined to prevent such mortifications in: future, by describing at. once, whatever there may be good and sufficient grounds for believing new objects. + The shell before the Society belongs to the third group of ManaINELLZ according to Kiener's arrangement, hav- ing the spire, wholly or E concealed by a vitreous deposit. Ido amyself a pleasures in naming this shell affer my friend D. Humphreys Storer, M. D., whose ardent love of Natural Science, and devotion to its advancement among us, are too well known, to require this feeble tribute as any thing more than a token of my own personal sense Jackson's Anatomical Déscription, &c. 448 of indebtedness to him, in laboring to present. the public with a faithful translation of Kiener's aphy of ` Recent Shells. ART. XXIL—ANATOMICAL E OF THE GAL- | APAGOS TORTOISE. Bx J. B. S. Jacxsos, M. D: Read » February 1st, 1837. ! Ix the summer of 1834, Capt. John Downes, of the United States Navy, soon after he returned from his voy- age in the frigate Potomac, made a very valuable present to this Society of two large Land Tortoises. ‘They were the largest and finest specimens out of a number brought by him from the Galapagos Islands, a small volcanic group in the Pacific Ocean, lying under the equator and about 110 leagues distant from the South American coast. One of them, which was a male, died in the course of the summer ; the other, a female, lived till the weather be- came cold, was kept in a frozen condition through the winter, and dissected in the following spring. Both of the dissections were hastily made, but notes of each were taken at the time ; and these, imperfect as they are, with a few additions which I can safely make, 1 would now offer to the Society. The only scientific deact eo which I have seen of this Tortoise, is by Dr. Harlan and may be found in the 5th Vol. of the Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. The specific name elephan- tépus, which he has given it, is very appropriate, and is founded on a resemblance which has been noticed Lim other observers.. He considers it as quite distinct gts 444 Jackson’s Anatomical Description the Testupo Indica and that there is no other ‘species with which it can be confounded. Dr. Bell, however, the author of a very splendid work on the TESTUDINATA, now in the course of publication in London, regards the two as the same species ;—that it is indigenous to the Galapagos Islands, and has been casually introduced into other countries through the medium of commerce. This difference of opinion may be accounted for by the remark which has been made, that entirely distinct species are found in this group of islands. _ Captains Porter, Delano, Basil Hall, and more recently Mr. J. N. Reynolds, have each in their popular Journals, given an interesting description of these tortoises—of the profusion in which they are found, such as to have fur- nished a name for these islands to the Spaniards who dis- covered them (galapago, a fresh-water . tortoise)—of their immense size, some of them weighing between 3 and 400 pounds—their being able to live without food or water for a year or more, their harmless disposition, their ungainly and even disgusting appearance, their clumsy movements and their great delicacy as an article of food, far exceeding, according to Capt. Porter, the finest green turtle. The following additional account of their habits was prepared for the Society by Mr. Reynolds, the author of the “ Voyage of the Potomac,” a gentleman to whom the Society is indebted for many valuable donations, and at whose suggestion Capt. Downes was induced to present to us the two fine specimens which are the subject of this paper. He says, * From the last of May to December, embracing the rainy season, the Terapin leaves the moun- tains and high grounds and may be found spread in all directions over the plains and low grounds near the sea, where they feed principally upon the prickly pear, and TU TE USES of the Galapagos Tortoise. 445 find water in the little lakes in the crevices of rocks. From January to May, as the dry season advances, they return again to the high ground where the trees are larger, vege- tation more abundant and where springs may be. found issuing from the sides of the mountains. These watering places become much frequented, and paths leading to them may be traced for a great distance along the sides of the hills ; and I have seen in many places, the rocks worn away more than six feet in depth, and just suffi- ciently wide to allow them room to pass. At these springs hundreds of them are often seen at a time, waiting their turns tō drink, or, becoming impatient, pile them- selves one upon another, in their efforts to obtain water. When satisfied, they again return by the little roads hewn through the soft rocks and again disappear amid the thick underwood.” The following observations were made on our own specimens. , External characters. The dale tortoise. rer at the time of its death 302 lbs., having gained 17 lbs. dur- ing the few weeks that it was in the possession of the Society. The general outline and the form and number of the scuta are so well represented in Plate XL, as scarcely to need any description ; of the vertebral there are five, of the costal four on each side, of the marginal twenty-three and of the sternal sixteen. A remarkable concavity of the sternum, which belongs to the sex, could not be well represented, neither the slight depth of the furrows between the scuta which in some places are so faint as to be with difficulty traced. Surface of the upper shell quite smooth, except near the edges of the scuta, where are seen the remains of the concentri¢ lines, and of the lines which radiate from the angles of 446 Jackson’s Anatomical Description the scuta towards the centre, both of which are much more strongly marked in the young animal, as shown in two or three specimens in the Cabinet. There are, however, irregularities on the surface which are evi- dently the result of external injury, and correspond with a thickening of the bone beneath. Color of the upper shell deep brown, almost black; under shell has a light shade of the same color and the surface is more rough than that of the upper. Dimensions as follows : length of upper shell, following the curve, three feet nine inches ; breadth of same, three feet ten inches; vertical diameter, seventeen inches ; lateral, two feet four inches ; “circumference of upper shell, following the edge, nine feet ten inches; length of head and neck sixteen inches; of head alone five and a half inches; and breadth four and a half; anterior extremity twenty inches in length, and the posterior a very little longer; length of tail, eleven inches, and breadth at base, four ; longest nail on hind foot, one and a half inches—there are five toes on the front, and four on the hind feet. — Weight of the female not noted, but it was not “fat from 240 pounds. In Pl. X. is seen a drawing made from a very correct colored. view which was taken after death, but before the dissection. The color and the number of the scuta are the same as in the male ; the form of the upper shell, however, is quite different, having almost a globular appearance and the sternum is much less hollow-. ed, showing one of the peculiarities of the sex. “The lateral compression of the anterior part of the dorsal shell and the elevation of its front margin,” by which some have thought the Galapagos Tortoise to be distinguished from the Indian (Proceedings of the Zodlogical Society of London, Oct. 14th 1834), was not found in any one -of the Galapagos Tortoise. 447 of our specimens which we know to have come from the Galapagos Islands, though it is strongly marked in a small shell in the Cabinet, which otherwise corresponds with this species. Dimensions of the female as follows : length of the upper shell, following the curve, three and a half feet, breadth of the same four feet two inches, ver- tical diameter seventeen inches, and lateral, two and a half feet ; circumference of upper shell, not following the edge seven feet two inches ; length of head and neck, one foot, of head alone six inches, and breadth four and a half inches; length of anterior extremity from sixteen to seven- _ teen ialis of posterior, seventeen to eighteen ; longest nail on ksk foot two inches. ‘Tail very short aid thick, scarcely extending as far backwards as the upper shell ; not corneous at tip ; that of the male considerably longer. Skin of head dark brown, thin and not at all lax as in Dr. Harlan's specimen ; that of neck and greater part of ante- rior extremities is of a dirty brownish color, thin, rugous, and quite lax ; on the — see: of the fore-arms it bee ~2 id fost anda the oid of the feet, it is did or wane black, exceedingly thick and dense and . almost horny in structure ; it is made up of protuberances, _ varying from two to six lines in-diameter; those on the soles of the feet quite flat, for the most part of a very regular five or six sided form, and separated by deep fissures ; those on the back of the feet and fore-arms are convex and rather oblong; on the radial edge of the elbow and over the lower end of the ulna in front are two of them which. measure one and three fourth inches by three fourths. Skin of the posterior outlet and extremi- ties generally, resembles that of the anterior.—The form of the feet which has furnished Dr. Harlan with so expres- V^ 448 Jackson’s Anatomical Description “sive a name for the species, and also that of the nails is well represented in Plate X. and is strongly characteristic of the Land Tortoise. It may here be mentioned, that the following description applies more particularly to the female. One of the Eyes examined ; form elobular:; ; about three fourths of an inch in diameter ; nine ossific plates in _ anterior part of sclerotic. coat, slightly convex on the - external face, overlapping irregularly and varying in width from two to three lines (a line being considered as the | twelfth of an inch). Lachrymal glands large and granu- lar. Lower eyelid much deeper than the upper. > The Ear had a single ossiculum, long, slender and funnel-shaped at its inner extremity, such as is generally, if not always, found in this order of reptiles. ‘The faculty of hearing is denied by Capt. Porter, but there was abundant: proof to. the contrary in our two specimens during life, and the observation was - confirmed by dissection. The Jaws were very id bei dense, liorny substance, and made up of serrated ridges corresponding with grooves which fit perfectly into.each — other like the blades of scissors. They measure in thick ` ness, or from without inwards, from one lialf to nearly an inch; vertically, one and: a half inch in front, but dimin- ishing to one half, towards the articulation. The upper surface of the lower jaw consists of a deep, well defined groove, bounded on either side by a sharp, high ridge; and terminating anteriorly in a stout conical tooth which is Very much larger than any in the upper jaw ; the outer ridge-is serrated upon the summit and upon the outside as far down as where it shuts into the upper jaw ; it is rough from numerous, fine, projecting points and lines ; ned of a of the Galapagos Tortoise. 449 the inner ridge is also serrated, but very much less so. The lower surface of the upper jaw is marked by a strong, prominent, serrated ridge with regularly inclined sides, and fitting exactly in the groove in the lower jaw ; on each side of it are deep grooves to receive the m ginal ridges in the lower jaw ; these grooves again are bounded by high, sharp ridges—the outer one is serrated and becomes more and more so as we proceed forwards, till at last we come to three teeth, one on each side considerable size and one in the middle which is sn directly behind these is a deep hollow to receive th tooth in the lower jaw. . On the mucous mémbrane.of the Mouth and which is thin and quite firm, are seen the minute openings of innumerable mucous follicles, but no trace of the spines which are so conspicuous in the green turtle and some others ; neither were they found in the esophagus. The follic m es along the sides of the tongue than a Just inside the lower j jaw and beneath the ti ie are two glands, of a flattened, oval alf inches long, one inch wide, and one thick ; on their surface.are more than x y openings, some of them very large and all commu- —micating with cavities filled with a tenacious, transparent mucus which collected repeatedly during the process ‘of maceration to which the parts were subjected. The opening of the nostrils on the inside of the» mouth is bounded on each side by a high ridge an inch long, and probably intended to close the passage : uen the process of the Eu ADR of air. The Tongue is a triangular, or, as it. apid commonly be called, a ear-saped on. At i thron inihanda 58 VOL. I.—PART IV. . siiin 450 Jackson’s Anatomical Description and at the base two and a quarter inches wide; upper surface covered with long, soft, slender papillz. d The GZsophagus, which is generally described as capa- cious, measured twenty three inches in length, and trans- ' versely, when cut open, four inches. 'The mucous mem- brane was thrown into longitudinal folds, and resembled that of the mouth in structure, and in being covered with d »numerable, fine openings of follicles ; no- epithelium ; a considerable quantity of mucus. Muscular y thick towards the stomach, but at the upper part almost or quite wanting, the deficiency being prob- lied by a bapti] muscle which was exter- d covered the upper half of the trachea ; the were generally, if not. altogether, transverse ; the a xion between this and the mucous coat was by go of a very loose cellular tissue. According to . Capt. Porter, *'these turtles carry with them a constant supply of water in a bag at the root of the neck ; and on tasting that found in those we killed on board, it proved perfectly fresh and sweet." Mr. Reynok 3 it h age of the Potomac,” fally confirms t his remark ; but nothing of the kind was found. in either of our speci- mens, s The Stomach, whick is siqgréhably the bag referred to by Capt. Porter, seems to be little more than an expan- sion and thickening of the cesophagus, the limits between the two not being. very readily seen; the pylorus, on the contrary, is. as strongly marked as I have ever seen it in any of the mammalia, forming a prominent ridge which. projects into the duodenum, and into which all of the tissues enter ; according to Cuvier. (Leçons d’ Anat. Comp. diis ps.412,) the pylorus has no valye, but the cardia i is well marked. The length of the large curvature of the Galapagos Tortoise. 451 was twenty-six and a half inches; being cut open, the cardia measured transversely six inches, the largest part of the organ, which was not far from this, was found to be ten inches, after which it gradually became smaller towards the pylorus where it was four and a half inches. The mucous membrane was thrown into broad, longitu- dinal folds, and connected with the muscular by a lax,cellular tissue ; towards the pylorus these t to be effaced, and the membrane altogether, vi movable. upon the parts beneath. X three inches of the pylorus, tà it had -— maximum and measured from four to five lines ; it then became suddenly very thin and continued so till it reached the pylorus ; this = of structure is wei bet ills which lived for some time after being taken bini its food, had in its stomach an abundance of r mucus, but nothing else ; in the small intestine a — of. ee and in the large intestine grass. The Intestines of the male tortoise were about ve: times the length of the animal, as Blumenbach found in the hawks-bill turtle ; the small intestine measuring seven feet three inches in length and five and a half inches transversely, when cut open, the large intestine nine feet: in length. ` In a dissection of the Testupo Indica (Pro- ceedings of the: Zoülogical Society of London, March 8th, 1831) the large intestine, was found: to: beines- RS. . x 459 ` ` Jackson's 3-natomichi Description twice the length of the small. In the female, they were more than seven and a half times as long as the body of the this last, it ied hardly be said, takes numerous turns in- stead of going nearly straight to the vent as stated by uvier (Anatomie Comp. iii, p. 512). The small intes- is of an uniform size from the pylorus to the ccecal e, measuring seven inches transversely when cut just beyond its commencement the large intestine from ten to eleven inches, afterwards diminishing to ^ five, but increasing "again to seven in the rectum, and in . the cloaca to nine inches. According to: Cuvier, the "m foie: is four times as large as the small. ` The mucous membrane is thin; in the upper part of the slh intestineʻit has a reticulated appearance, in which respect, as well as in their muscularity, the intestines resemble those of the common green turtle; it afterwards became more lax, and the appearance just noticed passed by imperceptible degrees into fine longitudinal folds, which insensibly disappeared, and the lower portion of the small intestine and the whole of the large was smooth and polished, except the rectum in which were found once more the longitudinal folds, but not strongly marked as they have sometimes been described. In a small tor- toise of the same species, procured for the Society by Dr: Charles T. Jackson, isolated mucous follicles were observed about the termination of ` the small; and the two i of the small intestine was one line in thickness atthe two of the Galapagos Tortoise. ` 453 extremities, but in the intermediate portion it was consid- such as was seen in the stomach ; it was ue cea abou as thick as in the small intestine, but in the rectum i again became thicker. The ccecal valve was well v oped and made up of all the tissues. 'The Liver was an immense organ and sias e Ld ly of three lobes, one on the right which was subdivided into two, and one on the left which was entire. In the A3 male tortoise it weighed fourteen and a ‘quarter pounds (avoird.) In the fernale the weight was not ascertained, but the dimensions were as follows :—'Transverse diame- - ter of the two right lobes taken together eighteen inches, and of the left twelve inches ; antero-posterior diameter of the two right lobes eleven inches, and of the left four- teen inches; the greatest thickness, which. was rather more than two inches, was in. the posterior. part of the organ ; ;—towards the anterior edge it became much thin- ner and gular (in these animal is supposed to be in its natural position: upon the amiss shell) ; inferior face quite-smooth and regular. The lobes on the right side united with the one on the left superiorly and anteriorly, by a thin slip of the same substance two inches wide.. The organ is uniform in its: texture, soft to the feel and of a very faint pink color, mottled with grey ; there was no exudation of fat upon the recent cut surface, as we were led to expect from the description by Capt. Porter, but there is a considerable quantity of it upon a specimer which is preserved in spirit in the Cabi- net of the Society. The gall-bladd ituated toward: LI 454 . Jackson's Anatomical Description the middle of the posterior edge of the extreme right lobe, mostly on the upper surface, but just appearing also on the under ; it was in a great measure imbedded in the substance of the organ, of a pyriform shape and three inches in length ; in the male tortoise it contained a little yellowish, watery fluid, and in the female 3ijss or 3iij of a thin, dark fluid; parietes firm, and the inner surface quite smooth except for several small, rough prominences. Bile ducts not satisfactorily politi Vena porte aar large. "The situation of the Spleen was very peculiar, being found in all three of the specimens in the right side of the abdomen, between and rather below the cocum and a convolution of large intestine, with both of which it seemed to be intimately connected. The color was deep red, consistence firm, and in form and apparently in struc- ture it resembled the same organ in the human subject. It measured, in the female, five inches long, two and a half wide and one and three fourths inches in thickness. ‘The Ki idneys were situated just in front of the sacrum, not far from the vertebral column and obliquely to the direction of it. They were partially invested by perito- neum, but otherwise closely connected with the neighbor- ing organs. The external tunic being removed, they. were found to be much lobulated. Internally there was no divi- sion into cortical and tubular portions and there was no proper pelvis. In the female they measured six inches in deni and four in width. 'The ureters were five inches long, large enough to admit a full-sized catheter and ter- minated in the urethra near.the opening of the oviducts, but-on the side most: distant from the bladder; so that the urine, in order to reach that Feed would have to take — retrograde course. «i E ` of the Galapagos Tortoise. 455 The immense size of the Bladder is one of the most remarkable peculiarities in this order of reptiles; and indeed it is so far out of proportion to that of the kidneys, that it has been thought to be not so much a receptacle for the urine as for other fluids, for those which are absorbed by the skin. Carus, in his Comparative Anato- my, gives this as the opinion of Townson and seems dis- . posed himself to adopt it. The bladder of the male tortoise was inflated and dried for preservation, but was unfortunately lost without having been measured ; it would, probably, have held two gallons or even more. In each of our three specimens this organ. was exceed- ingly thin, having very little muscular development, and the fundus was divided deeply into two horns of unequal size ; they all contained some fluid and a considerable quantity of coarse, earthy substance, of a whitish color and easily crumbling down. Urethra about two inches long and three inches transversely, when cut open ; com- mon to the urinary and genital organs, and terminated in a rounded, prominent lip upon the under surface of the cloaca, about ten inches from the vent. ` < ` acd The Cloaca, as already stated, measured when cut open nine inches, and its length was about ten. The Clitoris was remarkably developed and most per- fectly resembled the penis, or corresponding. male organ, in miniature. It was from three to four inches long, three fourths of an inch wide, and terminated at the distance of three inches from the vent in a pointed, or, as it would commonly. be called, a heart-shaped gland which was grooved in the centre and méasured also three fourths of. an inch long, and the same at its widest part. Like the penis, it had two long, distinct, fleshy muscles, which arise ` deep within the pelvis, and reach quite t to the gland. - , 456 Jackson’s Anatomical Description t The two Oviducts hang loosely from the upper shell, enclosed in a broad duplicature of peritoneum, by which they are supported as the intestines are, by their mesen- tery, approaching the median line towards their termi- nation, but receding far from it towards their ovarian extremity. When removed from the body, one of them was measured and found to be of the prodigious length of twelve feet; the average width, before being cut open, was two inches ; at its ovarian extremity it was broader than this, and extremely thin and delicate ; towards the cloaca it gradually became thicker and smaller, measuring three inches transversely at this part when cut open, and one line in thickness, having a fleshy feel, marked exter- nally by longitudinal ruge and still more so on the internal surface, showing .how far it may have been distended. The termination of the oviducts in the urethra was quite prominent, having a rounded, mamillary form, smaller than any other part, but quite dilatable. Blumenbach speaks of the two uteri, as if they were distinct from the oviducts, but there seems to be no ground for the distinc- tion. In each of the oviducts, ten inches from their ter- mination, there was an egg, two and a half inches in diameter and perfectly round ; shell not fully formed: The ovaries were situated one on each side of the ver- tebral column, and consisted of a broad düplicature of peritoneum, the ova hanging more or less in clusters from its free edge, or being enclosed between its folds near it. There were about forty or fifty of these ova on each side; those which appeared to be in a state fit for impregnation were about one and one fourth inches in diameter, per- fectly round, of a deep yellow color ; the investing mem- brane was wüs very: delicate abd-vaseiilar; and the contents in which ‘the color resided- had: the- consistence of. thick of the Galapagos Tortoise. 457 honey, giving the whole a beautifully translucent appear- ance. By far the greater proportion, however, appeared to be withering, as after the expulsion of the ova ; these were of all sizes, from that of the most perfect dwi wards ; the forms were various and irregular, the surface uneven, and the investing membrane had more or less of a dead, opaque, whitish appearance and was much thick- ened ; the contents resembled crumbling masses of soft, yellow wax. Besides these, there were also multitudes of others, most of them very minute and = wast Of the Penis nothing was noted.’ It was an organ, however, of immense size, and perfectly resembled the clitoris in form, as l have already stated. Two very long, round, fleshy ‘muscles, which served as retractors, arose from deep within the pelvis and reached quite to its extremity. The two prolongations from the peritoneal cavity, extending its whole length and terminating in a cul de sac, were quite distinct. _ "The Testicles, situated very near to the kidneys, were four and a half inches long, and one inch at the widest part, elongated, narrow and of a pyriform shape. The epididymis is separated from the body, and the vasa defe- rentia open into the urethra in about the same place as. the-oviducts in the female. Heart of the male tortoise. The two auricles were very large, of a regular, rounded form, having an entire, thin, membranous septum between them, and separated from the ventricles on the external surface by a deep furrow ; neither of them had any appendix. The right was much the largest of the two; a single vena cava entered at the upper pbs farcir de cega E its natural position) and _— of the blood was VOL. I.—PART IV. s : SM NU ue TS S S MN ASC. ae kie A " 458 Jackson’s Anatomical Description prevented by two thin, semilunar valves on the inside of the auricle, the inner one extending about three fourths the length of the cavity, the outer one being considerably shorter, and the two terminating in a muscular band which would tend completely to close them ; muscular structure of this cavity well developed, except on septum and to- _ wards the opening into ventricle, the bands running very irregularly. The left auricle receives two small, very delicate, pulmonary veins, which unite just as they enter; the line of entrance is sufficiently marked, but there are no valves as on the right side; Dr. Grant also found these valves wanting in the 'T'esrupo Indica, (Pro- ceedings of the Zoülogical Society of London, March 26th, 1833), though, according to Cuvier (Anat. Comp. iv, 218), they are found here as well as in the right auricle. This cavity is moderately thick and muscular, the fibres running nearly in a straight line from the ven- tricular opening, some of them being nearly an inch in length and easily raised. The opening into the ventricle is considerably smaller than on the right side. The ventricle is a broad, flattened, crescentic, kidney-shaped organ, not connected by a tendinous ligament to the E cardium, as stated by Carus (Comp. Anat. ii, 985). measures transversely at the base three and two i inches, and from the base to the part corresponding to the apex two inches. Parietes generally about half an inch thick, but on the right side; just below the giving off of the vessels, they are much thinner; on the outside ` they are firm, but towards the inner surface spongy, and on the left side very much more so than on the right, the muscular fibres being of considerable size and forming distinct meshes with some. small column carnez ; be- neath the auricular septum they form a complete lace- of the Galapagos Tortoise. 459 work. The cavity of the ventricle is single, measuring two and three fourths inches from side to side and suffi- ciently large midway to allow the passage of the index finger; very much more free on right side than on left. The auriculo-ventricular valves are thin and membra- nous and stand out on each side from the septum over the cavity of the ventricle. That on the right side is much the largest, measuring an inch and a half along its free edge, and two thirds of an inch from the base to the free edge at its broadest part ; superiorly, it turns back- wards and terminates bluntly on the inner surface of the ventricle ; inferiorly, it inclines to the right, becomes quite pointed and is inserted into the upper part.of a large fleshy column, which by its action would tend to shut the valve ; this column makes part of the inferior parietes of the "de side of the cavity of the ventricle, running its whole length ,from- behind forwards, inclined to the right, forming a kind of septum and probably having for: its especial object to direct the blood into the great ves- sels. The free edge of the valve on the left side is. eleven lines, and its broadest part five and a half; the two extremities turn down equally and are attached, the inferior to the inner surface of the ventricle, the superior to several fine, muscular bands which pass off towards the left side and direct the blood into the spongy wall of the ventricle. Just at the opening of the right auricle into the ventricle there is an accessory valve, an inch and a fourth. long, and about a line in width, of a semi-lunar ` form, with a sharp edge, and commencing just where the large valye terminates on the fleshy column ; nothing of the kind. was found on the left side; in the Testupo Indica Dr. Grant found it at both the auriculo-ventricular openings. The three great vessels arise from the supe- = * ys * Egi t 460 Jackson’s Anatomical Description rior-anterior part of the right side of the ventricle, are pe one directly above the other and have a moder- -ately thick septum between them. . 'The pulmonary artery Pus +a is the lowest of the three, and is quite as large as the two . &ortas; an inch and a half from its origin it divides into two. ‘The superior aorta, which is nearest to the auricular opening, gives off branches, which are about as large as itself, rather more than an inch from its origin. The other aorta is considerably smaller than the last and gives off no branch of any size till it reaches the abdominal organs ; after supplying these, it unites with the continuation of the superior aorta by a large branch about three inches in length. Each of the three vessels has two very deep, semilunar valves. According to Cuvier (Anat. Comp. iv, 221), land tortoises have but a single origin for all the arteries of the body, though the marine have two; Dr. Grant, however, found two aortas, commencing by sepa- rate orifices from the ventricle, in the Tesrupo Indica. “Of the Lungs very little was noted. In the female they extended the whole length of the upper shell, even amongst the bones connected with the extremities, filled up the space on each side of the vertebral column, and reached much more than half the way down to the union of the two shells. Trachea fourteen inches and three fourths of an inch wide; rings perfect and of an oval form ; in the.male it was seventeen inches long and the primary bronchi were eight inches. These last continued in a straight line nearly or quite to the posterior extremity of tm lungs, but not receding far from the median line. The. secondary bronchi go off regularly on each side, inclining backwards, small at their origin but immediately of an immense size, measuring probably not Jess than three or four inches transversely when cut open. of the Galapagos Tortoise. 461 Rings very irregular and imperfect. Some fine, spongy appearance connected with. the secondary bronchi in : anterior and middle part of lungs, but posteriorly, the $i SH structure, instead of being cellular, seems to consist of a — EM very coarse, loose net-work made up of fine, white, ten- dinous cords. No muscular fibres detected. , There was a great quantity of Fat in the male tortoise, filling up the space on each side in the upper shell just above the junction with the lower. In the female t had in a great measure been absorbed, and was very much altered in appearance. Organs of Locomotion in the male tortoise. The bone, compared by Cuvier to the os quadratum, termi- nates in a transverse, articulating surface in the form of a groove which receives a corresponding ridge in the lower jaw; in the female, instead of a groove, the upper surface has ‘an arched, concave form. . Zygomatic arch quite . narrow. a fossa very large, giving origin to a . muscle of proportionate size. Articulating surface of occiput with atlas very prominent, much more so than in the green turtle, allowing great freedom of motion. Eight cervical vertebre ; most of them havea ball and socket joint, the posterior extremity being convex ; the third is - convex at each extremity; the longest are situated about s midway and measure four inches ; towards the union with the back shell they become much shorter but in propor- ai thicker, and the processes very prominent; the atlas is scarcely an inch in length and neither are the spinous processes united together nor are the sides to the body of the bone. There seems to be no good reason, however, why this bone should be excluded from the list of vertebre as Cuvier has done, though it is so little developed (Anat. Comp. i, 172) ; the dentatus, also, is q |, and 462 - Jackson's Anatomical Description the odontoid process is a distinct piece. The muscles are numerous, but very distinct, as, indeed, they were in every part of the body ; some arising from the upper shell and some from one or more vertebre to be inserted into those above ; one pair arises from the dorsal vertebre, nearly or quite as far back as the sacrum, is inserted into three of the cervical vertebre and at last reaches the base of the skull. . The muscles of deglutition or of respiration, on the front of the neck, which raise and depress the large hyoid bone, are also very interesting, and especially a pair which passes transversely nearly around the upper half of the neck, arising from the articulating processes and reach- ing as high as the temporal bone. That peculiar bone; which has received so many names and none more appro- priate than that of lunula, which it owes to its form, was about fourteen inches long, formed of one continuous piece and united at each extremity to the upper and the. under shells by a short and very strong ligament. The scapula is firmly attached to it, five inches from the lower extrem- ity, and is somewhat triangular, extending backwards four and a half inches. The humerus is nine and a half inches long and four and a half inches in circumference midway ; head of the bone round and near it-are two tuberosities, one of which is of immense size ; lower articulating sur- face. has a convex, oblong form. Radius and ulna from five and a half to six. inches long ;. no olecranon ; lower end of ulna larger than that of radius. There are eight carpal bones, one of which seems formed by the union of two; besides these, there are three bones to each toe, all of which may be considered as phalangeal or one of them may be regarded. as a metacarpal bone ; besides a row of five metacarpal. bones, Carus gives three phalangeal to the three middle toes-and two to each of the two others of the Galapagos Tortoise. 463 Comp. Anat. i, 150). The muscles which move the shoulder are of immense size ; one, which is probably the largest in the body and entirely fleshy, arises from almost the whole anterior half of the under shell and is inserted into the small trochanter at the head of the humerus; the others take their origin principally from the lunula and scapula, except a few from the upper shell and go to be inserted in and about the great trochanter of the humerus: The Jong flexor and extensor of the forearm also arise from the scapula, except for one head of the last. Below these the different parts of the upper extremity have their flexors and extensors, pronators and supinators very much like the higher classes. Of the vertebra, besides the cervical, there are eight dorsal, four sacral’ and twenty-one caudal. ‘The sacrum unites firmly with the pelvis, but moves freely on the last dorsal vertebra, as do the ilia also by a broad surface on the transverse processes; all of these articulations have a synovial membrane, as have also, those of the caudal vertebre. The symphysis pubis, as it is usu- ally called, is quite broad and in this case formed about equally by the ossa pubis and the ischia, the limits being quite distinct as the three coxal. bones are not united by ossification ; anteriorly it is flat and pointed, posteriorly’ broad and thick ; from the anterior edge of the pubes a very prominent spine arises, two and a half inches long, | as large as the middle finger and directed outwards to receive à muscle arising from the under shell. . Obtu- rator foramen an inch and a half in diameter and nearly circular. "Phe femur is seven and three fourths inches long and altogether considerably smaller than the hume- rus ;. has a single trochanter at üpper extremity of mode- rate size, the lower having a convex oblong form. Tibia and fibula five and a fourth inches » "There are seven x + 9 464 Storer's Description of a new Gasterosteus. tarsal bones ; one only articulates with the leg and this is very much larger than any of the rest—towards the outer extremity, however, and on one side is a line as if there had formerly been a small separate bone ; to one of the tarsal bones which is situated on the outer edge, and projects quite beyond the rest, there is attached a very small bone, which appears to be the rudiment of another toe. Each of the four toes has three bones, to which the same remarks will apply that were made in the case of the anterior extremity. The muscles of the posterior extremities generally, were smaller than those of the anterior, and in proportion to the size of the bones; one, which was attached quite round the posterior margin ©} both shells, was admirably calculated to expel the air from the lungs, by forcing the organs in upon them. ` ART. XXIII—DESCRIPTION x A NEW SPECIES OF THE GENUS GASTEROSTEUS x D. Heurnnzys Srorer, M. D. ‘Read January 17th, 1837. (Or the fifteen species belonging to the genus GASTER- osrEUs of Linnzus, described in Cuvier's Histoire Nat- urelle des Poissons, four belong to the United States. Two of these had been previously described and figured by Mitchell, in his Fishes of New York. Of these, one, the quádracus, belongs to our Cabinet. In presenting à ee: "bich $ am indebted to Mr.: MM Randall, description: = ee "y i "onc ¥ ve => i. E ` X ke Se e t e P & Y 5 p ee L ra ~ Bo MNN: TAR »* "Jg 4 A * 2 Storer's Description of anew Marginella. 465 rs J GASTEROSTEUS MAINENSIS. Color yellowish, with transverse black bands. Seven spines anterior to the dorsal fin. The length of this fish is about two inches. Its general color is on the sides yellowish, beneath silvery. Several black bands, varying in their width, commencing at the operculum and terminating at the tail, cross it transversely from the dorsal fin to the abdomen. ` Seven spines exist upon the back, that next the dorsal fin is larger than the others. Eyes large. Nostrils bordering upon the upper. angle of the eye. Mouth moderate in size. Teeth prominent. One broad, oblong, serrated plate, almost hidden by the pectoral fin when expanded, is observed upon the side. Ventral fin serrated upon its upper edge. The fin rays are, * D7—10. P 10. V1. A1—8. C8. Taken from fresh water in Kennebeck County, State of Maine. - ART. XXIV.—DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF MARGINELLA. By D. HowrnHngEvs Sroneg, M. D. Read Feb. 1st, 1837. MARGINELLA CARNEA. Plate X. Fig. 2. . ` M. Testa ovato-oblongå, rubrâ ; vittâ transversâ albidâ ; spirâ brevi conicâ, obtusa ; apertura angustatà ; labro crasso, albo; columellà quadriplieatà. SHELL ee aa le) flesh color ; below the middle of the lowest whirl crossed isis by a PA ; VOL. I.—PART IV. ae Nc Sopa ee à 3 S (oe < Ee o Wee 466 Binney’s Monograph of the Helices ` whitish band, commencing at the exterior margin of the right lip, and losing itself upon the columella: right lip thick, white, indistinctly denticulated within, and con- tinued in mature shells to the apex of the spire, which it partially or entirely covers. Aperture narrowed. Four folds upon the columella. Length six lines. Width three lines. © — Inhabits Key West, near the United States Barracks, from whence it was brought by Mr. D. J. Browne. Tt is contained in the Cabinet of the Society—my own Cab- inet—and several other collections in this city. This shell is readily distinguished by its beautiful flesh color, and transverse whitish band. It more nearly ap- ‘proaches the M. oliveformis, Kiener, than any other species: but the more conical spire, the three transverse bands of a deeper. color than the ground of the shell, the smaller size, the wider aperture, and the locality of the latter shell, prove its distinction. ART. XXV. —A MONOGRAPH OF THE HELICES INHAB- ITING THE UNITED STATES. Bx Awos Biwwrv, M. D. Read Noy. 19th, 1834, and at Mibisgnent meetings. Tur number of described species of the very natural genus Hzrix, inhabiting the United States, is already considerable ; and the researches of naturalists are every year adding to it. Fora knowledge of the greater part of them we are indebted to the labors of the late Mr. Yei States. . 467 Thomas Say, who, if his valuable life had been longer spared to science, would have enriched Conchology with descriptions and figures of all the known species. As a work so desirable is not now expected from any other source, and as there already exists some confusion among the species, caused by the want of correct figures, with- out which the most accurate descriptions are liable to be misunderstood, I shall make an attempt (though I am conscious in an imperfect manner) to supply the his- tory of this genus as it exists in the United States, and | to ascertain and fix the species discovered by our own authors, before they shall have been irrecoverably appro- priated by others. . It has often been objected to the study of shells, as commonly pursued, that it is not a branch of Natural History properly speaking, as it gives us no information of the beings by which they are constructed and inhabit- ed; but consists merely of an artificial arrangement and despite of their least destructible parts. This objec- tion has great weight, and should induce those who have leisure and opportunity to devote more time than has ‘hitherto been given, to the observation of the. habits and manners of the animals, which, it cannot be doubted, are fully as interesting, and as illustrative of the beneyolence and power of the Author of nature, as those of any "other class. To avoid this imputation in the present in- ` stance, a description of the animal hasbeen given when it has been possible to procure living specimens, and such notices of their habits as the limited opportunities afforded by a city residence have enabled me to obtain, will be found under the remarks on the respective species. It is to be noticed here, that the habits of the genus are remark- ably similar ; so much so, that an account of one species " 468 , Binney's Monograph of the Helices ; may serve for the whole, and those of the European spe- cies do not seem to differ in any considerable degree from those of our own. The extraordinary power wf reproducing some of their members, and even the head itself, when mutilated, which they were discovered to possess by Spallanzani, and the : promulgation of which fact was received with so much doubt and incredulity by the learned,* exists also in our species. The uncertain points of their history, such as the question whether the black points on the end of the superior tentacule, which are generally considered to be eyes, are true organs of vision, are equally matters of doubt with us. "The state of the question as to this: par | ticular, is somewhat singular. The anatomists, including Swammerdam, Spallanzani and Bonnet, affirm that the part in question is a true eye, possessing the structure which in other animals is adapted to the sense of vision ; while careful observers cannot distinguish, in the actions of the living animal, any proof of their sensibility of light or consciousness of the presence of objects, except when in actual contact with them ; and therefore infer, that they are mere organs of touch. . The truth may probably lie between these extremes. These animals are nacturnal, and pass the greater part of their lives under logs and ‘stones, or burrowing in the ground where but few rays of light can reach them ; their eyes, adapted to such situa- . tions, may be merely rudimentary, and become useless in the broad < of E Bundes, although the eyes are * The seiner. which arose on this subject caused a vast sacri- fice of life among these animals. Adanson, one of many who called the fact in question, acknowledged that he gp — thou- sands in ex $ + ` inhabiting the United States. 469 situated i in the tips of the indeed these members them- selves may be still organs of touch, as they undoubtedly are in other genera, when the black points are situated at their base, and the habit they have of applying them to every object which they approach, confirms the supposi- ` tion that they are constructed for this purpose. "T'hat the black points are eyes, may very fairly be inferred analogi- cally, from the recent observations of a naturalist on one of the largest animals of this class. Rev. Lansdowne Guilding (Zoólogical Journal, vol. iv, p. 72) asserts, that in the giant species of Strompus, in the Caribbean Sea, the eyes are more perfect than those of many vertebrated animals,—that they have a “ distinct pupil, and a double iris, equalling, in — and correctness of outline, those of birds and reptiles.” In comparing our species with those of Rurope; there are some general considerations deserving of attention. Qur shells are more uniform and less brilliant in their coloring, and are in general destitute of spots and painted bands or zones. This peculiarity séems to be connected with, and perhaps grows out of, the habits of the respec- tive animals which in Europe are common in gardens and fields, on walls and hedges and other places exposed to the action of light, while in this country they are gener- ally found in forests, sheltered under logs and stones, and are rarely seen abroad except during twilight and in damp weather. They do not infest our gardens and cultivated fields, nor cause damage to vegetation. Another pecu- liarity is, the great proportion of our species whose aper- ture is provided with tooth-like appendages, amounting indeed to more than half of the whole number, and to . more than three quarters of those with reflected lips. The Epiphragm, in all our — is a thin, semi- ^ a , &. ‘ a us | a Binney's Monograph of the Helices j^ * $ GR F5 sparent membrane, composed: principally of hardened ge atine with but little calcareous matter, stretched across ie. aperture of the shell, never convex but sometimes à little concave. The Shell is hermetically sealed by this covering, in which, after examination of nearly all our species, I have not been able to discover the & extren minute orifice in the centre, communicating with a i. bilical chord of sufficient capacity for the passage o t oxygenated air necessary for the purposes of an extremely . slow, but not totally extinct respiration" spoken of by Mr. Turton.* On the contrary, I am fully convinced that no such contrivance exists, and that the only air which can serve the purposes of respiration during hyberna n is the small quantity contained in the shell at the moment when the epiphragm is formed. ` The destruction of the epiphragm too, is effected in a more simple manner than by the secretion of an acid to dissolve it, as supposed by him ; it being easily broken down by the posterior part of the foot of the animal which is first protruded. The natural food of the genus is generally supposed to be vegetable matter, and the formation of the mouth and jaws seems to be peculiarly well adapted for cutting fruits and the succulent leaves of plants. The dental edge of the upper jaw, with its minute serratures, being applied against the substance to be eaten, the semilunar, sharp- edged. instrament which Spallanzani calls the tongue, 1s brought ‘up against it, cutting out. and carrying into the mouth semi-circular portions of the substance. - operation is carried on with great rapidity, and the sub- stance to be eaten soon disappears. It is certain, how- SU ee DL dd dP = * Manual of the Land and Fresh-water shells of the British Islands pages 45 and 46. i +- "US WE o ee p LAT `> oS " ë T m ee * i ç 1 i; E - etn * Ei w a . À t z Wa e d x a ` S LE the United States. SUE. >; < > b & VR ever, that they are lind of animal substances, and some- e times prey upon earth worms, their own eggs, and even — upon each other ; but the slowness of their motions forbids ` the. idea. of their being able to sustain themselves by ha- bitually preying upon other animals. They, i in their turn, ecome the prey of various birds, and it is no uncommon hing to observe in the forest clusters of broken shells n the top of logs or other situations, which have been chosen. by the birds as convenient for breaking the shell ‘and aoe ee the Ai. l'he <> will notice that Ï am largely indebted to à ; Eoia ; of Mr. Say for the materials of my descrip- tions, which I prefer to acknowledge in this general man- ner rathen ben to have occasion to mention it in the sary. My acknowledgments are due to several living naturalists, and particularly to Dr. C. J. Ward of Chilli- cothe, Ohio, for much i E information concerning our western species. "The genus as here described, comprises Hrrrx and Canoconna of Lamarck. It forms no part of the object of this paper to attempt a division of it in accordance with the views of Systematists, although such a division has become necessary in consequence of the great. number _ of species which it embraces. But for convenience of © reference to our own species the following divisions and subdivisions « are made. a m of wio shell is more or less reflected. k prising all t pedi’? Hedin of the spur A. umbilicus, wholly or partially covered. _ Containing species in which the centre of the base of the is s wholly or Pe covered by the reflection of the lip at tion with the base A Aperture destitute of tooth-like p Aperture furnished — one or = ei postes RK, B. umbilicus not ‘covered, Containing species in which the Se is not covered by the reflection of of space, or imaginary axis about vindi the whe metes] is more or less o mE T 4 bs A _ SECTION 1 "Lm E. min all those species, the hargi of (1^ aper- ugh Z K'gartare wide teeth. 1. HELIX MAJOR. * É- à Plate XII. icut globos, imperforatà, luteo-corneà ;: striis elevatis, x^. ; o anfractu ventricoso ; aperturâ ` j prope basim subunidentatà ; labro mate crasso, Y: a X Pn aler 3 var. maxima, Tane Hist. Nat. des . XLIII. fig. 4.—xurv. fig. 7. ABS. " AE ES E UN 3 x ^ E = at m #7 m aye d " esce as ` As | Animal. J aye a ka ete s a slight prominence. \ T the centre of the back isa line of diio ing narrow shape with a furrow on each side. Those on the epson and posterior part of the foot, when a microsco eae a Binney's Monograph of the Helices P Shell. Convex, ventricose : epidermis uniform yellow- Lh or brownish horn color: whorls six, with numerous, coarse, raised, parallel strie: the body whirl very large and turgid: suture deeply marked: aperture rounded, ~~ contracted by the lip, and small in proportion to the ‘cae size of the shell: dip white, thickened, reflected, inner ` margin near the base of the shell, projecting, more or ~ less prominent: umbilicus covered: base thickened with _ a testaceous callus in old specimens. ~ Greatest transverse diameter one inch and a half. EOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. ‘This species is found in Georgia, Alabama, and Florida, and probably in others of the Southern States. It is common i in hickory and woods near streams, in Florida. Remarks. "This is the largest Heiss hit rto discov- w ered in the United States. ki is not uncommon in cabinets, jety á = > but has been generally considered a large : albélabris, Say. This was probably Mr. $ 3 e specimens figured by Ferussac were d erred from "him. Some acquaintance with the species in its native _ abitat, and comparison of a large number of specimens albólabris have induced me to give ita placg: as as species. _ kt cannot be qobfouadet with any a. os The longitudinal striæ, so distinct are either wanting or very indistinct. The ler in proportion to the size of the shell, * ` Pia te Ji Nw E Sy TU AV, 7 "v PS Pg s i oo * + 43 ^. S inhabiting «he rial States. 415 it #4 vered with a smooth and shining, semi-transparent, tes- . taceous callus. The margin of the lip is thickened, and less widely, and less abruptly reflected, and there is often _ ‘a prominent tooth-like process on the inner and upper side of the margin near the umbilicus. "The color ofthe epi- == dermis is generally much darker. In those parts of the eastern and middle States where É pre abounds, it is in general but about half the = ye species, and is altogether a more. delicate and f : "eant a shell. 'That this is not the same species, in- creased in size by the influence of a warmer clim mate, would seem to be proved by the fact that H. fallar, Say, is smaller in in Florida í than in situations much farther north. ` The color of the : e respective animals are widely different. ` Mr. Conrad informs me that he obtained this shell sev- eral yeas since, | in Alabama, and considered it a new s t was. deterred from a it as such, Ar. o e «2 : uu + SYNONYMS AND Gerais _ P oh Helix albilsbris, Say. Nich. Encyc. Am. Ed. L1V, 5 pl. Es ie r | "o p. 938. b «oEspedition to St Peters ; River, Vol. American A ot Pi- bu. er. AS des 3 : k À. * i 55 a 476 Binney’s Monograph of the Helices Helix albólabris, Ferussac. Hist. Nat. des Moll. Pl. XLIII, fig. 1 to 3. Cochlea Virginiana, Lister. Synops. method. Conch. tab. 47, fig. 45. | " DESCRIPTION. Animal. Varying from pure white to cream color, with sometimes a greyish hue; upper part of head and neck slightly brownish ; extremities of tentacule smoky ; eyes black. Superior tentacule more than half an inch in length when fully extended, slender, and cylindrical ; foot with a slightly expanded margin, terminating poste- riorly in an acute angle. Glandular tubercles very dis- tinct and prominent, on the back arranged longitudinally, on the tentacule long and narrow. Dental edge of the upper jaw saffron color. Extreme length about two inches and a half. Shell. Convex; epidermis, immaculate, of a uniform yellowish brown or russet color; whorls, betwèen five and six, with fine parallel striæ running obliquely across them, and spirally striated with very minute, delicate lines, pis are most apparent on the back of the reflected lip; arked and distinct ;.aperture, contracted by i ; Bus, flattened’ in the plane of the mouth, tiy p nd widely reflected ; umbilicus of the mature , COVE covered by the reflected fip; which is continued to the base of the shell. a est transverse diameter liher! more than one inch. Grocnarnicar DISTRIBUTION. ` This species has been ed l on the banks of the Missouri as high as Council „and in the Northwestern Territory. Meis also found in nearly all the States i intervening from Canada to South ` n FN da =” # inhabiting the United States. ATT ` Carolina, and may be supposed to inhabit the whole vast territory of the United States. It is more frequent in well-wooded, than in cleared sections of the country, and is said to be more "— in the eastern, than in the western states. Remarks. Although inhabiting a geographical range of great extent, it is very uniform in its characters, indi- viduals from the most distant localities not exhibiting any appreciable differences. Destitute of brilliant tints and markings, it is still a beautiful species, and will always attract attention in a collection, by its delicately striated surface, its broad white lip, its pleasing though modest color, and its elegant contour. Its habits may be taken for those of the whole genus. In the partially cleared forests of New England, great numbers may at all times be found sheltered in the moist mould under decaying trunks of fallen trees, and rotten stumps, and sometimes under stones. In these situations they pass the greater part of their lives, and feed upon the decaying vegetable matter which exists in profusion around them. When the atmosphere is charged with moisture, and during light showers, and in the morning and evening twilight they leave their retreats, and may be ‘seen slowly making their way over the surface of the fallen leaves, or climbing the trunks of trees ; but a change of weather soon drives them again to shelter. In the early days of spring they are sometimes observed collected in considerable numbers on the sunny sides of = where they pass hours in indolent enjoyment of warmth and animating influence of the sunshine. ciliis doi ; * The cas of ce numbers of Helices in the "RS is Noticed by a writer in Loudon’s Magazine.—See vol. vi, p. 200. ame uae PE T w r Ç è ET Ca 478 Binney’s Monograph of the Helices - Here, with the head just protruding beyond the lip of the shell, and one tentacula extended as if to catch the slight- est signs of an enemy, the snail remains perfectly unmov- ed, unless some insect alights upon its shell, when it shows its uneasiness by raising it suddenly in the air, and moving it around in quick and rapid gyrations until the intruder is dislodged. Whether these meetings serve any useful purpose in the economy of the animal, or are caused by the pleasurable sensaticns, and renewed strength, derived from the warmth of the situation after their winter’s sleep, I cannot say ; I am inclined to think, however, that they precede the business of procreation. ltis certain that they last but a short time, and that after early spring, the snails are only to be found in their usual retreats. > In the course of the month of June, earlier, or later, as the season is more or less warm, they begin to lay their eggs. These are deposited to the number of from thirty to eighty, in the moist and light mould, sheltered under leaves at the sides of logs and stones, without any order, and slightly agglutinated together. After the number is completed they are abandoned by the animal. The eggs are white, opaque, elastic, nearly globular, three sixteenths of an inch in their greatest diameter, and covered with minute points. ‘They consist of an outer; semi-calcareous covering or shell of some consistence, and an inner; transparent, thin; shining membrane, which im- mediately incloses a clear, viscid, glairy fluid, which is analogous to the albumen or white of birds’ eggs. The vitellus or yolk seems to be wanting. f "The embryo shell is observable in-the albuminous fluid in a few days after the egg is laid, and when the new ani- mal makes its way out of the egg, which happens at the end of twenty or thirty days, for it is difficult to determine wt inhabiting the United States: 479 the time with precision, it consists al: one whorl and a half, the length of the column or axis being about one eighth of an inch, and. the breadth somewhat less. No umbilicus is then discernible. 1 have not been able to determine how much time is required to complete its growth, but I am induced to believe, that the reflected lip, the evidence of maturity, is added in the second or third year. In the month of October, or at the epoch of the first frost, the snail ceases to feed, fixes itself to the under surface of the substance by which i it is sheltered, with the aperture of the shell upwards, and disposes itself for its annual sleep, or hybernation. Withdrawing within the shell, it forms a membranous covering, or epiphragm, over the aperture, and. as the weather becomes colder retires further, forming membrane after membrane with only a small interval between them, until sometimes there are as many as six of these divisions. The circulation becomes slower, the pulsations of the heart, which in the season of activity vary from forty to sixty in a minute according to the temperature of the air, decrease in fre- quency and strength, until finally they are imperceptible. The other functions of the body cease, and a state of torpidity succeeds, which is only interrupted by the re- viving heat of the next spring’s sun, During the months of April and May, the animal breaks down the membra- nous partition, and comes forth to participate in the warmth and freshness of the season. At first itis weak and inactive, but recovering in a short time its appetite, ‘It commences feeding, and resumes its former activity. is species, as before remarked, offers but few varie- ties when arrived at maturity ; but the young shell ne be mistaken for a distinct species, it teng nbilic: ; Ç » 480 Binney's Monograph of tro Rede and destitute of the reflected lip. It is not until the shell has attained its full size that the reflected lip is added, and the umbilicus is covered. It resembles H. thyréidus, H. zaléta and H. major—but is distinguished from the former by its greater size, covered umbilicus, and want of the tooth-like process on the pillar lip, and from H. zaléta by the absence of the tooth, and its less ventricose form. The differences between it and H. major are pointed out ih the remarks a “ pho PL XIV. .H. testà orbiculato-convexà, imperforátà, luteo-cornea, lineis fuscis diversissimé fasciatà ; anfractibus elegantissime striatis : stris valdé confertis, obliquis ; peristomate albo, margine reflexo SYNONYMS AND Rurenences. Helix multilineata, Say. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. Vol. Il, p. 150. Helix multilineata, Ferussac. Hist. Nat. des Moll. Pl. xwv, fig. 3. DESCRIPTION. Animal. ` Granulated ; ; granules large whitish ; inter- stices blackish ; foot beneath black. - Shell. Susisanlod; convex, rather thin: inn yellowish-brown or russet-color, with numerous reddish- brown, finely undulated, revolving lines and bands: whorls, between five and six, with delicate, parallel, oblique stri : suture, distinctly marked : aperture lunated, slightly con- tracted by the lip: lip, white, not much expanded, re- iting the United States. 481 Greatest transverse diameter three fourths of an inch. Grocrapuicat Disrrisution. ** An exceedingly nu- merous species in the moist forests on the margin of the ; Mississippi, near the Ohio,” according to Mr. Say. It is also common in the States bordering upon the Ohio river, but ine not been noticed east of the a mountains. _ e on which they are cra d. The lines vary in number from three or four to thirty or more, and are sometimes united into bands. On the sides and base of the shell they are usually finely undulated. The general contour of the shell resembles H. thyroidus, Say. I have never been able to obtain the living animal, and have therefore been obliged to quote Mr. Say’ s description entire. Ac- cording to Dr. Ward “they inhabit wet and marshy prairies under sods. Two winters since I found in such a situation (in December) at least one hundred of this species agglutinated into one mass. ‘They were about six inches below the surface and appeared to have exca- vated the cavity which they occupied.” This habit of attaching themselves together in great numbers during ‘their hybernation I have not witnessed in any other of our. species, but I believe it is common in some of the species. i À a .VOL. L—PART Iv. - 62 he 482 Binney's Monograph of the Helices 4. HELIX CLAUSA. Plate XV. H. testà sub-globosà, sub-imperforatà, luteo-corneà ; anfractibus striatis, striis minutis crebris ; apertura rotundatà ; eae albo, "ange reflexo. SYNONYMS. AND REFERENCES. Helix clausa, * Journ, d Nat. Se. Phil. Vol. II, American Concio No. iv, p 37, 1, fig. DESCRIPTION. ` Animal. | Blackish. Shell. Rounded, somewhat globular: epidermis, yel- lowish-brown or russet color: suture, distinct : whorls, between five and six, with delicate, raised, oblique striz : aperture, somewhat rounded, upright, its plane making an acute angle with the axis of the shell, somewhat con- tracted by the lip: Jip, white, reflected: base rounded : umbilicus, nearly covered by the reflected lip. Greatest transverse diameter half an inch. | GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. “Occurs,” according to Mr. Say, “in several parts of the Union, and particu- larly in the Western States,” and “but rarely in Penn- sylvania.” The specimens which I have seen were brought from Alabama and Arkansas. . ! Rrwanks. This is a doubtful species. The speci- mens which I have noticed in Cabinets under this name, have been generally small varieties of H. Pennsylvanica, Green, or of H. thyréidus, Say, in its immature state without the tooth. The former can be detected by its mm r T = r M ET TRIS EE dee? USE T ^ METTE ` eS S ^ "1 H. T + $ sa » S ; 3 -inhabiting the United States. 483 sub-triangular aperture, and the latter sometimes when closely examined, by the rudiments of the tooth, exhib- ited by a slight thickening in its place, resembling the touch of a pencil of varnish over the epidermis. I have, however, seen a few individuals which did not seem to me to admit of doubt, but clearly to belong to the present species. One of these has been represented in the plate. A living individual from: Arkansas, supposed to be of this species, has also come under my noti om a recollec- tion of which, I have described the as blackish. It is a handsome species, newhat resembling, though not half as large as H. albólabris, Sav, but. rather more globular, and with the umbilicus partially open. The spire is more prominent, and the lip less widely reflected than in that species. Future observation must decide whether it is to be considered a distinct species or not ; my impression is, that it will retain its place. 5. HELIX PENNSYLVANICA. Plate XVI. H. testa elevato-convexi, imperforatà, c corneo-rufescente ; anfracti- bus tenuiter striatis, striis obliquis, confertis ; spirà elevat, apice obtuso; aperturà T labro albo, — reflexo; regione ümbilicali nee SYNONYMS AND Rasmini: Helix Pennsylvanica, Green. Contributions of Machi- ; rian Lyceum. No. i, p. 8. / Dait ` Animal. Dag surface of a dull, wnifonti lead-color, under surface of the foot lighter; about twice as long as the transverse diameter of the shell. J de id 484 Binney’s Monograph of the Helices Shell. Convex, elevated : epidermis, brownish horn- color: whorls, nearly six, rounded, with crowded, ele- vated, oblique strie : suture distinctly marked : aperture, sub-triangular, contracted by the lip: dip white, reflect- ed, with sometimes. a slight thickening on the inner side near the base: wmbilicus, closed ; umbilical region in- dented. Extreme transverse danshi three fourths of an inch. GEOGRAPHICA 4 DISTRIBUTION; Inhabits the western parts of Pennsylvania, and Ohio, and is probably found in all the States bordering on the Ohio river. Remarks. A very well marked species, distinguished chiefly by its triangular mouth and elevated spire. The volutions are usually about six ; the shell is thin, and the 2 but. narrowly reflected. Some individuals resemble H. elevàta, Sax, as is mentioned i in the remarks on that shell. The epidermis is rather more rufous than is usual with our helices. The color of all the thinner shells of this genus appears darker when the animal is retracted, and this species has often, in this’ situation, a purplish tinge, which is well represented in the plate. The animals of this, and of many other species, is often overrun with great pdxbete of Acari, resembling Acarus limdcum of Europe. There appears to be at least two species of them. They are very minute, of a flesh color, and move with great rapidity, frequently enter- ing and coming out of the respiratory foramen. Their presence does not seem to cause any uneasiness or even to be felt by the snail: This shell varies in being. more or less elevated : some individuals the spire is much flattened. It den greatly in size also, some perfect shells not attaining more oiu bum ys t ^£ inhabiting the United States. 485 thought that Hexix clausa, Say, was a small variety of this shell ; but the rounded aperture, represented in the’ figure of that shell given by Mr. Say, precludes that sup- ` position. The individual son in our m isa- — one. 6. HELIX SUBGLOBOSA. * ` viodes Blate BVEiationgs Ç H. testâ subglobosâ, imperforata, luted ; Ais glabris, ultimo ` anfractu ventricoso ; labro albo, interné incrassato, subreflexo- Synonyms anp REFERENCEs. . Helix subglobòsa, Nobis. DESCRIPTION. Animal. Head and neck blackish, with a slight tinge of brown ; tentacule” smoky ; eyes black ; base of foot inky, posterior ‘extremity dirty flesh-color. Foot rather slender, terminating acutely. Respiratory foramen sur- rounded with a blackish circle. Genital orifice indicated by a blackish spot a little behind the large tentacula of the right side. Length about twice the breadth of the shell. Shell. Sub-globose : ids, RAMAN PA : shining, smooth : whirls, from four to five, convex : spire, somewhat elevated: suture, at the extremity of the last whirl curved towards the aperture : lip slightly reflected, white, obsolete on the base, with the margin thickened internally: aperture rounded, slightly contracted at the base by the thickening and indentation of the lip: lil icus, covered, indented : bea enwre ; 486 Binney’s — of the Helices Greatest transverse diameter three quarters of an inch. tron. Inhabits the eastern he sea. Is common on ‘the Gloucester. K * Remarks. This. shel E.A a dong resemblance to H. horténsis, Linn. of Europe, and may by some be considered a mere variety of that species. ‘The restrict- ed locality in which it has hitherto been found would seem to favor the supposition of its having been imported; and its habits serve to confirm that idea. Unlike the other American helices which I have observed in their native haunts, it does not appear to burrow under stones, or decaying wood and leaves, but is found on the surface of the ground, or climbing the stems and adhering to the leaves of the shrubs which cover the soil. ] have thought too, that in captivity it is less disturbed by the want of moisture than any ‘other of our species. But notwith- standing these considerations, I am disposed to claim for this shell a place as a distinct species.* The reasons which lead me to this conclusion are, its general aspect, which enables one to distinguish it at once from tbe touc Do: afe dani des s Iti is well known that the active comal intercourse between this country and Europe, has made several additions to our catalogue of animals. In the genus which forms the subject of this article, two species Hzrix aspérsa, Mvtr., and H. láctea, MvLL.; are said to have gained a footing in the country. It would not be surprising therefore to find H. horténsis, one of the most abundant species in the southern and western parts of Europe, naturalized in a commercial neighbor- hood. It would be difficult, however, to account for their inhabiting the barren and retired situations at the extremity of Cape Cod, and p the in- termediate country they are TONUEWET- E t^ T RT UM. TEST m f s AE : R ge t inhabiting the United States. foreign shell ; ; the uniformity - of the Color, ours being and brilliant zones ; the reater À 1 the difference of the ‘olor of h Drapar- - naud describes as * le slightly reddish" a description th he | to the species in question ; and lastly, «the epiphragm, which is a thin, transparent, membranous pellicle, as in our other species, in place of an pipe, puprreeope one, as stated by that author. In the young shell the umbilicus, whichi is hardly large enough to admit the point of a pin, is open; and the lip is simple. In a single specimen I have noticed some in- distinct bands and lines. Having kept a large number of this species in confine- ment, I have frequently had an opportunity of noticing the manner in which the epiphragm is formed, which does not appear to me to have been heretofore correctly described. The collar of the animal having been brought to a level with the aperture of the shell, a quantity of gelatinous matter is thrown out, which covers it. | The . pulmonary orifice is then opened, and a portion of the air within, suddenly ejected, with such force as to separate the viscid matter from the collar and to project it, like a bubble of air, from the aperture. The animal then quickly withdraws further into the shell, and the presence of exter- nal air presses back the vesicle to a level with the aper- - ture; when it congeals and forms the epiphragm. In some of the European species in which the gelatinous secretion contains more carbonate of lime than ours, the congelation seéms to take place at the moment when the air is expel- led, and the epiphragm in these, is strongly convex.. ` ^. : | 488 Binney's Monograph of the Helices À `. Xx. iid ^ i x ` i oni gi a toothed. ty 7. nux pP us i» bi x "con k cai. Da sein 3 , sub-umbilicatâ, luteo-cornea ; ë: tenuiter striatis, striis Gail ris, obliquis ; appendiculo dentiformi, iquo, columelle adnato ; peristomate albo, Margine reflexo. + ae : + — AND REFERENCES. Helix thyrdidus, Say. Nicholson’s Encyc. Am. Ed. Vol. IV, Art. Conchology. : Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. Vol. ï, p. 123. à Vol. II, p. 161. | ` : American Conchology. No. 11, pl. Va Helix thyróidus, Ferussac. Hist. Nat. des Moll. ` . PI. Ax, A. fig. 4. Cóchlea umbilicàta, Lister. Synops. Conch. t. 91 , fg. 91 - 7 Cochlea terréstris Virginiana. Schröter. Einleit. 11, pP- No. 60. P ^: Mésodon leücodon. Rafinesque. DESCRIPTION. Animal. Of a dirty whitish yellow, with a greyish hue in some individuals, tentaculæ darker, eyes black, base of foot dirty-white ; foot rather narrow, terminated posteriorly in an acute angle. Length equal to twice the breadth of the shell. inhabiting the United States. 489 , contracted by the lip, the plane of the ‘aperture making a considerable angle with the plane of the base of the shell: pillar lip, with. a prominent, - white, tooth-like process placed obliquely to the axis ofthe shell: lip, + white, widely reflected, and sometimes grooved ; exterior of the reflected lip yellowish: umbilicus exhibiting only. one volution, partially covered by the reflected lip si it unites with the base of the shell, Extreme transverse diameter three fourths of an inch. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. Inhabits all the States from New York to Missouri, and from North Carolina to Arkansas. It is very common in the country bordering on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers, and though sometimes found, is rare in the New England States. Reasi.) This species bears a strong resemblance to H. albélabris, with which it is sometimes confounded. It has, however, striking specific characters, which are never wanting, and which will enable one always to dis- tinguish it. These are, the partially closed umbilicus, 5 and the tooth on the pillar lip. "The yellow color on the ; posterior part of the reflected lip is also a very constant character ; this.is derived from the mantle of the animal, Which, in a state of rest, frequently overlaps the margin of the aperture. lt is a smaller shell than Her1x albó- labris, and more convex, sometimes being even globose, and the plane of the aperture makes a much larger angle with the plane of the base of the shell. t varies‘considerably in appearance. Some ndividinds never reach half the standard size of the species. It is more or less globose, has the umbilicus sometimes cover- ed, and at other times is destitute of the teeth. The animal, though usually yellowish, I have noticed to be in a few cases blackish. It is probable that the color of the VOL. I1.—PART IV. ; 63 oo ae ee 9 ee oe ` T ee iW + he RAM S t t à 490 Binney’s Mospgraph of the Helices "E ^ i * animals of this genus is much influenced by the nature of their food. 8. HELIX ELEVATA. ` Plate XIX. . testâ orbiculato-conoideâ, imperforatâ luteo-corneâ ; spirà ele- vata ; my sex, tenuiter striatis, striis Ed ; apertura sub- g bro albo, parte inferiori sub- to, Lour reflexo ; ookin S robusto, albo, subarcuato, diii: Synonyms AND REFERENCES. Helix elevàta, Say: Journ. Acad. Nat. Sc. Phil. Vol. Il, p. 154. (An. 1821.) American Conchology. No. 1v, pl. 31, fig. 2 Helix Knoxvillina, Ferussac. . Hist. Nat. des Moll. Pi. Gu: ,. XLIX, fig. 4, 5, RM Diao, Rafinesque. EE Animal. Ashy brown on the upper surface, lighter on the posterior extremity and sides ; collar greyish-white ; glands prominent and distinct. t ell. Very convex, elevated, almost conical: ept- dermis, yellowish horn-color: whorls, nearly seven, rounded, with fine oblique transverse strie : suture, dis- tinct: aperture, contracted by the lip, somewhat trian- gular : lip, white, reflected, lower inner margin a little thickened : pillar-lip, with a large, white, robust, oblique- ly-curved tooth : umbilicus covered. Greatest transverse breadth seven eighths of an inch. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. Inhabits the western T dnhabiting the United States. 491 parts of Pennsylvania and Virginia and the States bor- dering upon the Ohio river. It is very abundant in the neighborhood of Cincinnati, Ohio. ba Remarks. The first description of this shell was by — - Mr. Say, in the Journal of the Academy of Natural = Sciences of Philadelphia, in January 1821. Early in 1822 it was indicated by Ferussac in his Tableaw Syste- m matique No. 94, as Herix Knoavillina, as was afterwards shown, when the explanation of the supplementary plates of his work was published, in which the figure of this species is referred to as Herix Knozvillina of his Tab-- leau, and as Hexrx elevdta of Say. Mr. Say’s descrip- tion having been published a year before the name of Ferussac, which was unaccompanied with specific charac- ters to enable the reader to identify it, should give the name first imposed, the precedence, and I therefore retain it. M. D’Orbigny, in his Synopsis of the land and fresh water shells of South America, published in Guerin’s Magazin de Zoölogie for 1835, has applied the same name to one of the species described by him. He was doubtless ignorant that it had been pre-occupied, and will of course replace it by another, when the factis known -~ to him. This is a rather thick and heavy shell. It resembles H. Pennsylvánica in general aspect, but is larger, has one more. whorl, and is a coarser shell. ‘The tooth on the pillar lip; which is wanting in the other, will always ena- ‘one to distinguish the mature shells ; but the young resemble each other so nearly that it is difficult to discover a difference. The variations of the species are small—the greater or less elevation of the spire, is - common. cause of the differences. In captivity, it burrows much under the surface o of the "C TNT SUUS OKT 5.4. M Lu. WES o y ane SO. RU. : Lr 4 = N ie TU ee T 8 = a en iy e i mmc LL dios. of the Helices E s > _ ground, atid keeps itself hidden: the greater part of ‘the time 3 $ "A T n en ò. lo » ` * hy à 9. HELIX ZALETA. * de Plate XX. i 5 ) = H. testâ nee merce, imperforata, luteo-corned ; anfracti- ansversé striatis: stris confertis, obliquis ; appendiculo wand Kk formi, albo, calamis obliqui adnato ; e albo, margine flexo. Synonyms AND REFERENCES. Helix zaleta, Say. Manuscript? i pu: D Var. unidentàta, Ferussac. Hist. Nat. aa = des Moll. Pl. xvv1, A. Ag. 6 ; DsscaiPiton. Ssmi: Greyisb-brown or blackish above, paler on the posterior extremity and base ; superior tentacule ; black, long and slender ; glands very prominent, length; $ when fully extended, including the semana) equal to thrice the breadth of the shell. Shell. Convex, somewhat ventricose : epidermis, of a uniform yellowish horn or russet-color: whorls, between five and six, with fine, parallel strie crossing them ob- liquely : body whorl large and ventricose : suture, W marked, and distinct : aperture, rounded, contracted by the lip, the plane of the aperture making a considerable . angle with the plane of the base : lip, white, reflected : pillar lip, with a penini, white, paee tooth : umbi- wus covered. Ld + licus Greatest transverse diameter about one inch. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION. Common in the States ^ 53 è v B o o Rie ; V i g É "jd ae ten s Wr c R `` A T VM A to de. em inhabiting. the Unilll Sates FA T. T a bordering on. the Ohio river, and in the western parts d. $ Virginia and Pennsylvania. I have never noticed it in New England. nor in the States east of the Alleghany mountains. Remarks. This shell is frequently confounded with Hexix albdlabris, and I have often seen it in Cabinets labelled as a toothed variety of that species. Mr. Say seems to have considered it as such, for a time, but at length was induced to consider it a distinct species, and it is said was about to publish the description, under the present name, in a number of his American Conchology which he was preparing for the press at the time of his decease. It is now generally known in collections by the name which I have adopted. Though resembling H. albélabris in many Me it differs in general aspect, and in many very observable particulars. It is smaller, more convex, and the body whorl is more ventricose than in that species. "The re- ` _ flected lip is less flat and_broad, and is sometimes a little grooved. ‘The aperture is more round, and the plane of the mouth, instead of being flattened in the direction of ` the plane of the base, is much more upright, making a considerable angle with the base of the shell. Attention to these differences will enable one to distinguish the shell, even before the tooth is added. In those indivi- duals where the tooth is wanting there is often a slight deposition of testaceous matter in its place, not distin- guishable without close observation. The color of the animal varies in being more or less dark, but I have never seen an individual which approach- . ed the white or pearly color, which, after observation of great numbers of H. idan: I have nnd found be- longing to seat age: 7 E] à P | Binney Monograph of : he E : There is certainly a strong resemblar 5g; of our species which, with H. albólabri form a well marked division. But . as constant as their resemblance, it € canno unite them into one. + 10. HELIX DENTIFERA. E Plate XXI. H. testa orbiculato-depressâ, imperforata, hatooseenats spirå sub- planulata, striis crebris, minutis ; peristomate albo, margine laté reflexo ; columellà valde uni- dentata. i AS i 4 Minna AND Rerenesons. i x dentífera. Nobis v RE X alt y uc y = d È EN UM a We ; — on the upper parts, darker on the head an => foot long and re tentacule nt and def" eyes black. ` Shell. P and convex on the upper surface, con- vex below: ibiderinis yellowish horn-color, immaculate + _ spire depressed: whorls; five, with delicate, parallel, lique striæ : suture, distinct, not deeply impressed + apèr- E ture, contracted by the lip, flattened towards the plane of base; Ji lip white, pm and abriipuly reflected : pil- ith a -like process nearly E E> qe unm base A Animal. Cerah on the sides and posterior r extremity, DAR Lr * DISTRIBUTION. Noticed > hith- tate of Vermont, on the eastern. T common in the localities which inhabit, Its distingdishing marks are, its flattened form, and the tooth on the pillar lip. ` While observing it with the animal retracted and the collar just visible at the aperture, I have heard a sharp snapping sound emitted, which seems to have some con- nexion with the opening and shutting of the respiratory foramen; but in what manner it is produced 1 have not been m to discover. "The same is made by H. lbóla- bris, H. thyróidus, and H. diodénta, and is bal common to the genus. "r4 dk ees > s” i OF THE A m E 1831-8. * = v c wt Fe & Aw > President, \ GEORGE B. EMERSON. es aah ae Vice Presivents, ! : ' 7 E ; iw W. P. GREENWOOD, a9 * _AMOS BINNEY. x esum y ; * — Secretary, — poe EPES S^ bEC WEEDS OUS, ence i WESTON, Jum Bibrarian, Albany. i A 2. Boitard a Canivet. Manuel du - Paris: 1898. * : e 3 P * : AE : +» Ma Wr oe! E t ent ae * * * ( j * $ x n * nio dE x. # n. * E p e E Fy ^ sS x Ld É * ` AUC v $ * E * CATALOGUE OF THE uaa e» ^ oF. THE * sparen SOCIETY OF NATI 4 bs i 3 i Pax : Xd ! I. GENERAL WORKS. >. : K aioli of the “au Naradie ve PR 25 1828-30. N RE t Wis jeton att of Natural History, co T : m ons e Boston aru : Í `y By Robert Heron. or new and m deseri esi ee a t con- ion. Svo. 2. v v "E CT R ë y "e e Pd. » «e - » * * E ` 498 . Catalogue of the Libra : 15. Marita Natio nal d'Histoire N aturelle_. Memoires ir Men dit ” sseurs de cet établissement. 4to. 4. Paris: 16. New York. Annals of the Lyceum of Natal Bina of New ork. 8vo. 3. 17. Philadelphia. Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. veins 7.. 181 = 18. Picture of organized Nature, a extending over the um trans- lated from th e German. De sheet, atl. fol. Lond 19. Plinius. C. Plinii Secundi Veronensis, Historia rae eh Libri xxxvii. fol. Veron. 1513. 20. — ————— Historia Mundi, Libri xxxvii, ex pos- codices ini, eum Annotationibus et 539. 91. Ray.. Wisdom « f God manifested in the Works of Creation. By Ray. 8vo. Lo 727. 22. Say. Miscellaneous a as Say. Svo. Philad 93. Shaw. General Z or € sematie Natural His tory. By ore € oe with P lates, by Griffith, 8vo: vol. in, parts 1 and 2 24. Silliman. ree “Journal of inisio and Arts, conducted by : jamin Sill 1819-37. snjamin Silliman : 25. Soll Philosophy of Nat Natural ry, by Wi € n with an introduction and various additions and alterations to adapt it to the present state of Knowledge, by John Ware, M. 8vo. Boston : 1829. Strack. N achichte in Bildern, mit erlauterndem Text von ok, 4to. 4. Düseldorf. 1890. ` Pa a ZOOLOGY. of R 27. Abbot. Original: Drawings 'of Abbot'ë Birds of Georgia. na - M Agricole, de animantibus subterraneis Liber. 16 4 29. Audubon. The Birds of n T" Sar s John James Audubon. F.R.S oy od E folio. 3. an = ‘Biography, or an an account of the ai pene ô> "of the B Birds of - nad States of d 2 en. i _ Audubon. F. . &e. Ast "9d ^ "M: . 1831. 3d vol. Edinburgh : 1 1835. ` 8vo. = - Beaumont. | 31. A _ and the Physiolo logy of Digestion. eaumon 32. Bernaert, Notice e ES le Ostende. Par Ber- 1829. 2 p Teao i£ laboureux. dans les oiseaux de Basse Cour. M. Buc^hoz. M Pt inibdnigides. Par Buffon. 12mo. des Oiseaux. Par M. le Compte de 15 "paria 1770. 36, Combe. objects. 1 osto. - Cuvier. i Rome dA Mae Comparée de G. Cuvier: 8vo. 5. es 888 jel 5 PA 5 P T Catalogue of the Library. 499 S ntis of Man, considered in relation to external Paris: ne Animal de G. Cuvier, disposé en Tableux Met tho- diques. Par J. Achille Comte. fol. 24 pla a Paris. - Dalyell, Phenomena in Animal Pisia exh ited in species of Planaria. By T. G. Dalyell. 8vo. Edinbur x ; 1814, k pres. poems de | code Cutacietiui qua des 1] Par M. G. P. Des : 18 Ferussac. raa ee Gén kale et Particulière des Molus- . 16 livr Paris ; 1820. Œuvre posthume de M. le Bar n J. Beb. Geoffroy. oe abrégée d lad Par M. Geoffroy. 4to, 2. =» Godma an Natural History. By John D. Godman. 8vo. 3. Philadelphia 1828. Harlan. Fauna Americana: Being a description of th ferous animals inhabiting North America. A Hichand n M. me 8vo. Philadelphia : 1825. Description of a new Fresh W ter Tortoise inhabiting Gamble River. B net Harlan. Bro. 1836. Medic z i PE al Researches: oro einai Ma moirs in Medicine, 8 ysiology, CE. Zoólogy and Com- E eS with Plates. By Richard Harlan. - Haugsted. Thymi m animalium descriptio a S Er et ot Physiologie. Auc. Fr. Chr. Haug- ` A Pays Deocrigtie ^ the int “inferior Leu of the Masto- 50. Jurine. Nouvelle Méthode de Classer : figures. in he Gabimet: the Philosophical Society. By Isaac AE) - 3 Jay. ~- Catalogu e of anen Shells, w 11 € * Fare species in the collection of John C. J vec ar L. Jurine. 4to. 51. Kirby nna. ence. An rip ag: to Entomology. 'illiam Kirby and William Spence. 8vo. 2. London: 1815-17. 59. Lacepède des Serpens. ire. Naturelle cm peat et pede. ]2mo. 4. s Animaux sans: eraiki: Par M. le is: are Latham. 4to. "Lees o n Ph gy Zoology and the Natural Heer of Man, Lied ysiolog Royal C galleg. of — By William Lawrence. . 8vo. Salem: 56. Léa. Obse A rvations tion of eighteen new Species and the Genus Sranan : ily ; containing nine species. 500 Catalogue of the Library. 57. Lea. Description n of a new species of the Genus Unio (U. Spi- nosus. d gus cf ded 18 S 98. — of the family ‘of the Natades. By Isaac Lea. eo Philadelpin: 1836 59. : Essay on Sheep. By R. M. Livingston. New York. vo. 1809. . Transactions of the — Society of London. 8vo. Nos. "à and 2. -Dia Montagu. Supplement to Ornithological — m or Synopsis of British Birds. By Montagu. 8vo. Exete Muller odlogiee Danice Prodromus. Auc. ich Frederico Muller. 8vo. E 716. . Nuttall. Manual of the Ornithology of the United — and Dette By Thomas Nuttall. Land Birds. 8vo. Cam bridge : 4 = m same,— Water Birds: 8vo. Bosto 1834. livier. end ou m Naturelle dn Insectes. Par M. eee 4to. Pari ry Essa say on Bep. By Charles Owen. 8vo. ‘London: 17 — Memoir on the Pearly Nautilus Œ. pompilius, tip) By Richard d Owen, Esq. 4to. London Bri ritish Zoölogy. By Tho: pas Pennant. 8vo. 4. Lond. x - Arctic Zoólogy. By Thomas Pennant. ^ 9. Lond. 69. Plancus. Jani Planci Ariminensis de Con chis minus notis Liber = cui accessit specimen æstus reciproci maris superi ad littus por- tumque í : : 1738. 70. Power. Ragguaglio delle Osservazione ed Esperenze fatte sullo ` uta Argo (L.) da Madama Jeannette Power, del Prof. C. a. l2mo. ; | ; idi A. Poulson. 12mo. Philadelphia: 1832. 72. Ray. Animalium a madru Y m et Serpentini Generis Synopsis . 8vo. 33. Hedi. Oervasimi di — Redi, dio agli Animali wem si rename dà li Animali Viv Svo. Firenze. & Schönherr EN e lar oder, Versuch einer Mm aaa aiae boor bokatak Doea &c. von C. J. Se . Svo. Stoekholm : 1806. 77. Scopoli. Entomologia Carniolica Joannis Antonii Scopoli. 8vo. 78. amy t the Brain with a general view of the [wen e T. G. o MM. aed Ist American edition, revised by les : 1834. wt A In. vx Catalogue of the Library. 501 79; mee A practical Essay on the Management of Bees, b ames Thacher. M. D. 1mo. Boston: 1829. gee 80. Vig D'Azyr. Exposé des moyens curatifs et rvatifs qui peu- t preserv: vent etre employés contre les maladie a des bétes à cornes. Par M. has D Day. 8vo. Pari 81. Voet. Johann Euseb ts Beschreibungen und Serene ' hartschaaligter cdo, —" Lin.; Deutsch, und. mit t n Commentar von G. W. F. Panzer, o. 4. Erlan- gen 82. ferre "The Ths Conchologisfs by John Warren. 4to. Bost. 1834. 83. Westwood. Address on the recent Progress and present State of Entomology. By i O. We stwood. Svo. London 1835. Pam. S ` III. BOTANY. 84. Barton. Compendium Flore Phi ladelphice.- By William C. Barton, M. D. 8vo.. 2. Philadelphia: 1818. 85. Beck. Botany of the Northern and Middle States, by Lewis C. Beck. 12mo. Albany: 1 ec 86. Bigelow. American Medical Botany, with colored eerie wan pe M euh M. D. Prof. in Harvard College. 8vo. 87. ———. * Florala ae, A = of pt, Plants of Bos- ton and its vicinity. e Em b Bigelow, i err Collége. 8vo. ` Mocan ç 88. Boitard. Manuel de Bokknidus- ; 18mo. Paris. 89. aiara, Histoire des Plantes venéneuses et suspectes de la France. Par M. Bulliard. fol. Paris: 1784. A n ictionnaire Elementaire de Botanique. Par M. Bul- => liard. fol or 1812. á - 91. ii Ambo E I, f ane fol. erii. 1755 99. Cook. Address before the ——2 By Ze Jr. 8vo Boston : ` 98. Croix. Connubia Florum, Latin D. ix,M.D. 12mo. P 94. Dalzel. Dissertatio Ina s Medi de Lycopodi Herba et om Auc. Joanne ider Nicol Dalzel. 12mo. Gottinge : 4. 95. Dearborn. Address before the Horticultural segr: Aias Massa- chusetts. By H. A. S. Dearborn. 8vo. 'Boston: Medi, 96. De Candolle.' Prodromus S tis Naturalis Regni Vegetabi ` auctore Pyramo De Candolle. vo. 4. P 97. —. Regni Vegetabilis S Naturalis, auctore A ` tarum enumeratio tio que in horto Procopii à Demi- — oscum vigent, recensente P. S S. Pallas. ]9mo. Petropoli: 99. Des Fontaines. ‘Tableau de l'École de Botanique du Museum "Histoire Naturelle. Par M. Des Fontaines. Paris: 1804. 100. Sere rs; =" D E Par M. Duhamel du ` Ta 2 eae : P Sec is 502 Catalogue of the Library. : 101. Elliott. A sketch £ the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia. By Steph vo. Charleston, S.C. 3 numbers. 1816-17. 102. Forster. Flor P n e-Repton trionalis ; qd a ^ Catalogue of the Plants of North Are By T R. Fors 8vo. London 71. 1 103. Gouan. Antonii -Gouan Flora Monspeliaca, sistens P ears, No. 1850, ad guè genera relatas et hybrida methoda digestas. 8vo. Lugd 104. Haller. Bibliothec a Botan ua scr pia xe rem herbariam facientia. rerum initiis cci re Alberto Von Londini : aller 105. Hill. Sleep of Plants and daw P, MA in the Sensitive Plant explained by J. Hill. 8vo. Landon 1757. 106. Humboldt. Monographie des Melastomacées, comprenant toutes les gece de cet ordre recueillies jusqu’au ce jour et notammens au Mexique, dans l'ile de Cuba, dans les provinces-de Caracas, e Cumana et de Barcelone, aux Andes de la Nouvelle Grenada, de Quito, et du Perou, et sur les bords du Rio-Ne de l'Oréo- noque, et de la rivière des Am: ug par Al. e Humboldt et A ome Mis en ordre par A. Bonpland. Rhexies. folio. 5d stributione Geographica Plantarüm, se celi te Sicnt de Hum t. 8vo. utetiæ Parisiorum : 108. Jussieu. Ant. Pe = m gne lantarum secundum Ordines Naturales disposita. i 109. Qos Ca F of Plante. in beni found in in the pour $ ii "O aS - of Milmaukee on the west s ide of Lake . ByJ. A Lapham. Milmauke Pam 110. Lee. i arena to SU extracted from the works of Lin- 111. Testa ncs e di ographie Belgique. T eesoiide edition, cor- doi noe gt e en Er parties, par Fr. Jos. Lestibou- 1s S 112. Linncus. Caroli à Linné Species Plantarum, e exhibentes Plantas rité cognitas ad genera relatas se Sai Systema Sexuale . tas, curante C. L. Willde enow. 8vo. 4in9. Berolini: 1797—1i 113. dixi ystema Nature, i a tria Nature, curd J. F. 2 - 114. Sys NIE s) P a jore regn Lugd: 1789-96 es, uel from the 13th ed. Vegetables in Lichfield. 8vo, 2. Lich- ——. C. Linnei Flora Lapponica, secundum Systema . Sexuale, curà J. E. Smith. 8vo. London: 1 DE orem Carol Enam Systema vegeta tabilium. Editio XVI. : curante Curtio Ppi 8vo. 5. Gottingæ: 1 H7. — — —. Système des Plantes, extrait et traduit des ouvrages de Linné. Par M: J. P. Mo atte Pantene. 8vo. 5. Lyon: 1804. 118. Linnei Genera Plantarum. 8vo. Vienne : 1767. 119. eae èr can Sylva; or a description of the nited States , Canada m vs "Translated from the French of F. Andrew Mahan. 8vo. 120. Milne. View of the Ancient and Present State of Botany ; an . De, Di cundum | temperiem m et ae inem montium prolegomena. ” Auctore ï - . Catalogue of the Library. 503 ` introd. to his Institutes of. Botany. By ed ine. 4to. Lon- don: 1771. dE N 121. cu Elemens =” oe Vegetale et Botanique. Par P. Brisseau Mirbel. 8vo Paris: 1815. - 122. Minnie Essai Mo rti. ue sur les, Hieracium et quelques Genres voisins. . Par nen Monnier. 12mo. Nancy. 1829. 123. tttm ar Dese scriptio uberi esr et vetta calama- rum Ameri de indigenarum et cicurum. Auc. D. toulo Molübube d o. Philadelphia: 817. ! 124. Catal meric trionalis hec usque eogni itarum jby pun Muhlenberg. dix " Lancaster: 125, Necker. Elementa Botanica, secundum Systema omologicum seu naturale valet) ab N. J. de Necker, 8vo. 3. Neowede: 196. Nuttall. An Introduction to Systematic a en Bot- any. By Thomas Nuttall. 8vo- Cambrid 127. — —. Goni of North American n: A a Catalogue ‘of Species to the year 1817. By Thomas Nuttall . 12mo. 2. Philad. 128. En Opera, Ato. Being a reprint of a ae Works. 1769. London . Leonardi Rm. dedit, gegen ve stirpium "illustriorum et —_— mes. 4to. a danh 1791. 130. cm: Botanica, i. e. Stirprum Indicarum Amalth in alterum copie cornu. = Ato. a= . 1705. H Ë ———.. Phytographie enetiane ; sive ytographie Plukenetiange nomasticon. e a nd. 1696. 32. P o lan r Americanarum Genera. Auctore P. ix I Plumier.. 8vo. Parisis 170 z RELS ç Joannis Raii Catalogus tarum Anglie et Insularum j .. Londini: 1670. ir 136. ——. Flora B ritannica auctore Jac. Edv. Smith ; 'recudi eura- DM additis passim adno o tatiunculis, . J. Romer. 12mo. 3. : 1804-5. 137s auntie Nova Genera et Species Pt: Auctore Olof Swartz. 8vo. 1. 138. Thornton. The British Flora, or Genera and Species of British ants: arranged se m, ani numerous tables and dien By Robert John Thornton, o. on: Í —.— Ant. de to. 142. Van Berkhèy. yr iiuinciaratics Structure Florum qui I untur compositi, cum figuris ad naturam expressis, auctore binden Van Berkhey. Ato. Lugd. Dat. 1761. (| ^. 143. Viviani. Flore Libyce Specimen, sive plantarum " igh ee EL 504- Catal of the Library. polim, magne Syrteos desertum et regionem ai entium : a D. Viviani. 4to. Genu l = ani. Flore Corsice Mese novarum vel tole cogni- dabis, quam exhibit Dominicus Viviani. j 145. "Wallerius. L’ Agriculture réduite a ses ede principes. Par M. Jean Gottschalk Wallerius. 12mo. Paris: 1774. cite By Bosto 147. Wight Peninsule ioie Orientalis Prodromus ; contain- ing abridged descriptions of the Plants found in the Peninsula of British India, arranged according to the natural system. B Robert Wight and G. A. Walker Arnott. 8vo, erm 1834. 148. Withering. A — Arrangement of British Plants: with an easy introduction to the stu tudy of Botany. Illustrated by copper plates. By William Withering, M. D. 4th Edition, cor- rected and enlarged. 8vo. 4. London: 1801. IV. MINERALOGY AND GEOLOGY. . 149. Accum. ‘ Practiéal Essay on the Analysis of Minerals; By Fred- erick Accum. 12mo. 1. Philadelphia: 1809. trod Ge 150. Bakew n ction - Robert Bakewell E by Professor Silliman. 8vo. New Haven: l 151. Beaumont. t des Montagnes de thologiques Campa- nie ; suivi d'un Memoire sur la Constitution Physique de Rome ; Par nan =; g Brieslak. Traduit du Manuscript Italien. 8vo. Paris: 153. Cleveland. An elementary treatise on — Geology. By Mead Cleveland, Illustrated by 6 p lates. Bvo. 9d edition. 154. Desa. -Outlines of the fo and rc stare n y J. Freeman Dana and L. Dana. es osto: 155, Daubuisson. Des Mines de Dateng en A et de leur exploi- tation. Par J. F. Daubuisson. Avec des i6 de Géognosie, Par J. F. Daubuisson de . Delametherie. do Géologie données au Di de ` France, Par J. C. C. Delamétherie. ae Paris : 1816. 8. Deluc. Traité élémentaire de Gé Géologie. cuc 8vo. Paris : nes nsidérées pri cr as tas miona ao i OOA, "zla risina hitic Avec cartes et tableaux. Tul . Dralet. 8vo. 2. Paris: ` 160. : General View of. the of Scrip to, Fm de Su i t Fond. Essai de ‘Geologie, ou ou Memoires pour T Histoire Naturelle du Globe. ` Tome 2d. 1re. Partie, È F on BU IER FFE.” = = € Catalogue of the Library; 505 ornée de cing Sansha en couleurs. -— Fond. 8vo. 1803. 162. Faujas de niat. Fond. Histoire Naturelle la Moi Pi = de Maestricht. Par M. Faujas de = ond. 163. = Réc [ri oet sur les Volcans éteignés du Vivarais et du Velay. Par M. Faujas de St. Fond. folio. Paris: 1778. 164. Featherstonhaugh. Tenat of a Geolo, "— reconnoissance mad in 1835, from the seat of Government by t of Grom Bay an isconsin Territory, to the Cote de Prairie. 166. 167. Gesner. aes ni. Saggio de Litol Vesuviana. Dal Cav. Giuse Gioeni. = apt er 168. Gr. h. Critic al Aa SAN of the first PL of Geol- 1813. in a Series of Essays. By G. B. Greenough. 8vo. Lond. 169. Harlan. Description of the Fossil bones of the Mine. discovered in — D PM By Richard Harlan, M. D. 8vo. Big Pam 170. — —. Deserip E "of an extinct species of S Pam. of the family Fucoides. "By Richard — e veni ] 171. Haüy. Caractė si ques. Par M. L'A 4to. Paris : 1801. “Being th i Vd l. of his « Traité de wr ens 172. Hitchcock. Report on a Geology, Min nerslogy, » Zoslesy of ^ Massachusetts. By Edward Hitchcock, Pro mistry, Amherst College. 8vo. s d 1 = oe ï m. plates. 176. irst Report on the Sek, the State of Maine. Eus e de depen. M. D. &vo. With 20 Atlas of Plates. 4to. 1 177. Sornal. a Mines. Publié Me in Conseil des Mines de la Re- 797. lique. 8vo. Paris: 178. Lea. Contributions to Godage By Isaae Lea. Svo. Phila- 179. -— Clelland. ` Some inquiries in the Province of Kemaon relative ey and o e haihana Natural Science. By John . 180 20. Machen Obse ee ait tnetiiod ee nee of tchi, i Catalogue of Organic Remains ei with h Geological and some aie Mine ral articles, were presente d to the New York yceum. By Samuel L. Mitchill, M. D. 8vo. New ork : 1826. 182. Monthly American Journal of Geology and Natural Science : VOL. 1.—PART IV. 65 . 506 Catalogue of the Library. ducted. e W. Featherstonhaugh. &vo. Philadephia: 1831-32. mos. 183. Monticelli e i. Prodromo della — Spo eS. grp < Ô er N. — ` 8vo. vol. a 184. I Atlan te Mineralogie: ¥ esuviana. + Storia de’ me — avennuti nel corso degli anni 1621-22 e parti di 1 Con osservazioni e speri- 88. ti di T. Mn e N. Covelli. 8vo. — poor 1 Morton. Synopsis of the Organic Remai e ap olibo U — States, with 19 "n By Samuel nere aan n, M. D meyer cert 187. New York. dicate of W. L: Marcy, italie of New York, relative to the Geological survey € ci jane State. 8vo. 1837. Another rn 189. Pennsylvania. Transactions of the a akoi Society of Penn- sylvania. 8vo. 190. Philips. Eleme ntary Introduction to Mineralogy. By — i ia = notes and additions on American articles, by Sam ê hill. 8vo. New Yor. Ky 191. Rewind. Voyages - Mont-Perdu et dans la B eroe adjacente des hautes vic cem Par L. Ramond. 8vo. Paris: 1801. ons inabeeity of St. Petersbur , (in nue ^S Pa amphlets. Ë 195. Saussure. V. dans les 7 om précédé ca un Essai sur l His- race ! nother copy, accompanied by ‘a Plaster Model of the Alps. 197. Schooleraft. A view of the Lead Mines of Missouri, as observations on the ) Mine , Geology, &c., of Missouri Arkansaw, and other sections f the Western Country. By Henry ooleraft. 8vo. New York: 198. Seaman. A dissertation on the Mineral | Waters of Bm and Ballston. By Valentine Seaman, M. D. 12mo. New York: 199. Torej Guide for a systematic classification of, Organ: found in different parte olf thie ofthe Globe. B. By Jacob Te ussian). E 200. Tozetti. Voyage Minéralogique, Philosophique et Historique, = Tome, par le Docteur Jean Targi ni Tozetti. 8vo: ^ 201. Van Renssalder. Lectures on Geology; outlines of the _ Science, delivered in the New York meds by T: Van ` Renssalaer, M. D Bvo. New Yor ie 3180 . Adams. 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By George Berkeley. 8vo. Dublin 909. Boston Atheneum. Catal od Books in the Boston Atheneum to Reb. are added the ie By-Laws of. the Institution and a list of and Subscribers. Boston : 1827. 210. ‘Tome Boston Journal of Philosophy and Arte Arts, conducted NL Repo John Ware, M. D. and Mr. Daniel ULNIS 7 i un r "het ani payani melre d mankind. : By Amariah Brigham. Boston 212. Browne. Letters fiom the Canary Isles. By D. J. Browne. 30. 213. Bur. to the of our idessof the ke. A. philoso inquiry into origin : ip boca A philosophical With EET AME d on Taste dmund 12mo. iiedpture atural History. By William Carpenter. P - ma. Boston = 15M4 LE: a George Combe. 32 - ican, from S you eap d err 1834. ^ * : A À MES aW 5 TY. i w "e E `a ` p F & € ’ g! t E X uh t E d 508 Catalogue of the Library. ye. Observations on Mental Derangement. By Andrew Combe. 8vo. Boston: 219. Cook. M the e Pacific Ocean by Cook, Clarke and Gore. yi gvo: 2 elphia: 1818. w 220. Cousin. Cours de Philosophie. Par M. V. Cousin. Bvo. Paris : 898. 221. . e: de l'Histoire de la n Par M. V. Cousin. Histoire du xviii Siécle. 8vo Paris: 1829. 222. Cumberland. "Attempt for discovering dió time of the first planters = a in several tracts. By R. Cumberland, D. D. Lon 223. . Dalzel. Dissert eee Medica de vocem Herba et mine. oanne Fri r Nicol -Dalzel. 12mo. Gottinge : 1814. Poureel 224. Davy. Elements of Chemical Philosophy. By Sir Humphrey Davy 8vo. Philadelphia : 1812. 225. Edinburgh ‘Journal of Natural and Geographical Science. 8vo. 226. lit Address before the eee, and — Society of Charleston, S. C.: 227. Phienological Essays by. John lop ` With Notes by Eze John Pie otha = Bato p 228. Ewing. A plain rimane gn "ibo diui system a Natural Philosophy, pe Astronomy ui Chronology. By the late Rev. John Ewing, D. D. With Notes by Robert mon. vo. | Philadel 1809. : 229. Fenelon. Life of Salignac de la Mothe Fenelon, Archbishop of . Cambray. 8vo. New York: 230. Fergus. Boo! atural Theology, with Paxton’s illustra- ons, and Notes by Rev. C. H. Alden. Qded. Bost. 1837. omy explained upon Sir Isaac Newton’s prin- . Ferguson. ciples. By James d 4to. London: ` 232. Fessenden. Complete Farmer and Rural Economist. By Thomas -G. Fessenden, Esq. 8vo. Boston: eme-cncinil d teil Register ec Gardener's Magazine. Conducted by T.. G. Fessenden and Jos. Breck. 8vo. 24 Nos. ai: Y 233. F. Elements of Chemistry and „anera È A deu Element the Pilosophy of dis f d oig F Four Translated from r ariane edition of Work; B. Heron: 934. Gall. ds! o£ deine Kranocie Gall. > Gall Translated from. the French, by Winslow Lewis, M. D. Boston : h 935. Harris. Address before the Horticultural Society of Masse u- . Harris. 8vo. setts. T. 236. a Catalogue of the "Library of Hi arvard University in ` ` Cambridge, Massachusetts. 4. Cambridge : 237. - —. First serena sete 8vo. Cambridge : 1834 238. Hayward. The Science of Horticulture. 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Introductory Discourse before the Chillicothe Lyceum and Institute. By Benjamin D. Leonard. 1833. 8vo. Chilli- cothe : 1834. is. senes, Pathological - Therapeutic researches ` upon the disease known under the Gastro-Enterite, by Charles A. fone "Translated from the original French by Henry 8vo. Bost 8 additio on treatment, by ind de EP E nna 8vo. Boston: 951. ——. Rete T matory d and vesica in Pneumo: (aue ees: -Louis. Translated 2 C. G. P Putnam, M. D. Boston : E peigns of the armies of France in Prussia, $ Saxony and = and, de en naparte. By Samuel Tenen Bvo. sm histone e. — € — M" e dedicated to S e indus- trious producers. armmony, mi E, apice tural Repository and Journal. No.3. Vol. iv. Boston: 1817. 3954. Medical Magazine. E Edited b J. B. Flint, E. Bartlett and A. A. 255. M Review, from April, 1836.. 4 Nos. 8vo. Boston. 256. Nuttall: Journal of Travels in the Arkansas Territory during X: the fem By Thomas Nuttall. 8vo. Philadelphia: 1821. 4 Cours d'Etudes — "- redige sur un plais Pee F Pagés. 6. 1800. Eel Atlas du Cours d'Etude, &. E Paris : m. Natural Theology, with Paxton’ ustrations addi- det. By William Paley. 12mo. Boston: 1837. 510 m of the Library. Parmentier. de faire les mel de Vie, d'aprés la doctrine — Chaptal, i gayer faire le vinaigres imples et com- Pen ntier. 8vo. posés. Parme Paris 961. Philadelphia. Catalogue of the Per of the Ma 7 of Nat- ural Sciences of Philadelphia, with the act of i incorporation and By-Laws of the institution. &vo. Philadelphia : 1837. 262. LN ee. of Governor (Arthur) Phillip to Botany Bay. 1^ =... 263. P. To, ns n and Historical Sketch of Plainfield. By Jacob Me Svo. Greenfield: 1834. Pam.. 964. P Tracts on n2 and Gardening. By a Country Gramon MÀ — 265. Priestley. The history an t state of discoveries — to Vision, Light and Clo. By J Jodigh Priestley, L. L. D. London : 266. Quebec. Transactions of the — and — Bóciety of Quebec. 12mo. 2. 1829—183 967. Report on the commission erected ie the Sanitary Board of the City Councils to visit Canada e . the investigation the Epidemic ra — in Montr and Quebec. ‘8vo. Philad. 1832. 268. j of ti United. Sens Frigate Potomac; ü dder i s perro Ip odore Downes, during globe in the years 1831, 32, 33 and 34. "By J. vetet Bvo. New York: 1835. Address na $E Pee on the inibi of a P d exploring expedition to the Pac pnie aeania South Se: ite qot E and documents. By J. N. Reynolds. cm New York: 969. "Rife. one ae de lE Egypte, de la la Nubie et et des lieux circon- voisins. Rifaud. 8vo. 270. Rush. rg - and "Philosophica By Benjamin Rush, M. D. bo. -Pliladelpl Iphia : 1798 271. "Sage. Institutions de Physique, par G. B. Sage. 8vo. 3. Paris: 1811 Historia ae Politica Estadistica de la Isla de . Par Ramon de la Sagra. 4to. Havana: 1831. 973. Salzmann. Gymnastics for youth. Translated from the German 268". of C. G. Salzmann. 8vo. Philadelphia: 1802. 274. e Tracts. Edited by J. V. C. Smith. 12mo. 20 nos. 274* : Dissertation on the Mineral Waters of Saratoga an Ballston, by Valentine 8 Seaman. — 9d ed. "Modi York : 1809. 975. Silliman. Elements of order of the Lec A Rew in E en 1880. By Probat gece Silliman. 8vo. ! Tai OF T. G. Spurzhei Boston e. ids in im. 8vo. 277. - Bote ede a Goutishon the of the nature rer th o i ali M n "WP. Gi Biondi. Svo. 9. Boston: Outlines of Phrenology. re " 42mo: Boston : 1834. By Catalogue of the Library. 511 280. Spurzheim. nT G, Sevcabe in Pg - dines me dag ognomy. ed "T. G8 im. 281. ——— —. Epitome of P iren lads. de an Ee E the Siimanesalictanpha hp. Gall , Spurzheim, and Combe. By T. G. Spurzheim. = -> Bosto 982, —— ——. ination of. i acc an made in Great Britain t the Aprene of Gall and Spurzheim. Article from the =r Quarterly Review, by Richard Chenevix. 12mo. Bost. . ————. Philosophical Cutechian of the ea Laws of Man. By T. G. Spurzheim. 12mo. 3d ed. : 1833. 284. Transactions-of the aioe ipsia Pont of Philadel- phia. 4to. Philadelp 285. Turner. ts erican from Lon on. With Note dations. By Franklin Bache, M. D. -8vo. Philadelphia. 1829 286. Ure. History of Rutherglen and East Kilbride. By David Ure. Glasgow: 1793. 287. Voya een A terre, en Ecosse es Hébrides, ayant pour objet Ie les = Setences, les Arts, oi Histoire "mena et les Meurs. Bvo. ` 2. 797. 3. Webster. Masini of Chemistry, on th e basis of Prof. Brande's By John W. Webster, Professor in Hana d College. Svo. rd 239. West. An Essay on Moral Agency. By Stephen West, D. D. 2d ed. 8vo. Salem: 1794. 290. Whole duty of man. With private devotions for several occa- _ sions. Bvo, Aberdeen: 291. Wi . Discourse promote ‘at the Capitol of the United States before the American Historical Society, at their second Annual Meeting, MN 1837. By Hon. oti Woodbury. Svo. Washington: 1837. Pam. 292. Zimmerman. Strictures of National Pride, Translated from the German of Zimme: Philadelphia : 1778. Donation from Hon. John Davis, LL.D., since the above Catalogue. 293. Artedi. Petri Artedi Synon; onymia Pisc scium Greca et Latina emen- Pe aucta et illustrata——Accedit Disputatio de Veterum — rum Hippopotamo, : Joh, Gottl. Schneider. 4to. Œuvres d'Hi pie de Philosophie, de istoire Nature 295. Dle osdphical Works Pie Mun. Robert rt Boyle, ie >. The Fhilosophica a , by Peter Shaw. 4to. 3. Lond. Traité Élémentaire de Minéralogie, suivant les prin- E hoea Pub ae. Par A J. M. Brochant. 8yo. 9. Paris : 1801. 297. Charleton. Gualteri Charletoni Exereitationes de-Diffesentiis et 512 Catalogue of the Library. icd un de varis í uibus accedunt Mantissa Anatomi ariis sium neribus, deque differentiis on Miis Coloru fol. Oxonie : - Cornuti. Jac. Oo» 'uti rnai plantarum aliarumque non- dum editorum histori to. Parisiis: 1635. x Bure. Bibliographie, meg ou Traité de la connois- sance des Liv singuliers. ar Guillaume Francois aa r nc "6. P illenius. EN Jac. Dileni Catalogus Plantarum vm circa enti 2mo. Francof. 1719. 301. Hales. “Statical Essays, containing V. egetable Statics ; or an ac- count of some statical experiments on m "e vegetables. By Stephen Hales. 3d ed. 8vo. 2. Lond 1733-35. 302. Humboldt. Flore Fribergensis spline thesis pl : egre presertim subterraneas exhibens. Edidit Fred. Alex. ab Hum- boldt. t. Accedunt aphorismi = doctrina physiologie puis plan ^4to. Berolini : 1793. 303. Klein. O Ordre Naturel des Oursins de Mer et Fossiles, avec des Observations sur les Piquans des Oursins de — et quelques Remarques sur les Belemnites, par Théodore Klein. 8vo. Paris (017954. 304. Linneus. ' C. Linnsi Botanicorum Principis Systema plantarum Europe—Curante J. E. Gillibert. 8vo. 4. Colonie Allobrogum : 1785. 305. a Christ. re kade Definitiones Goder Planta- in usum A: noiniaii, nune aucte et emendate. re. go 1767. . 306. Martyn. The of Botany : being n Dictionary af the Terms made use of in that Science, ee. by Tenn mus. By Thomas M. o. London: 1796. In i Se, gee By “John Miller. _ Royal 8vo. 2. London: . Nour 309. —— e Petiveriani 310. Pontedera. Julii Pontedera Anthologia, s sive de Floris Natura Libri ITI, > ejusdent Dissert. xi, ex iis quas habuit in Hort. Pub. Patav. an. 1719. 4to. Patavii: 311. Tidore, re oli Petri Thunberg Flora Japonica, sistens Plantas Insularum Ja arum 'unduim Systema sexuale emendatum. 8vo. Lips. 1784. 312. E Joh. Scheuehzeri Arosto juncorum, eyperorum, c ihr acces. "serunt, Alb. Von Haller biis ` 4to. 0:015. 313. Walckenaer. toe dcc rand des, E A. AAT Walker. ` Bvo. Paris : „arr From the Author. 314. Zimmermann. „ Monographie der Carabiden, von Zimmermann, Berlin : 1831. ee ` DONORS TO THE LIBRARY. American Institute of Instruction, Albany Ins 4,19, 26, m. 74, 87, 16 mony , 121, "138, 234 J. J. Audubon, George Brow n, 20. Amos Binney, 23, 195, 244. Seth Bass, Elie de Beaumont, 151 Henry I. eh E soa i ditch, 250. Brigham, 211 2n. ` Choate; 55. Hen Codman, 68, 68*. Nahum Nerea 78. 135. lar Cramer, 19: 193, 194, 199. Joseph P. Couthouy, 291. Ta J. Dixwell, = . Davis Charles K. Dillaway, 117. B. T 99, 110, 233. s le, 33, 87 80, 94, = 145, 177,209 904. ; 905, 253, E. Foster, 88, 111, 112, 113, 114, 123, 1 195. G. Fessenden, 232, 232". VOL. I.—PART IV. Society of London, ` Benjamin D. Greene, 6, 11, 39, 42, 51, 61, 73, 85; 89, 90, 96, 97, 107, 108, 11 , 19. Gould, “kendall and Tisoni 230, Horace Gra , 27. deri es T. J 174, 175, . 176, TAS ie: 185. John C. ` Jay, 49. James Jackson, T John Lowell, Je., He .Lienow. nry. -21 > apham, n D. Leonard, 249. o: h W. ee 86. tts Legislature Mache re, 172, 173. 66 YT William Maclure, 180, 252". George Morton, 186. W. Mather 188. John MeLelland, 179. , Ca and Lyon, 214*, 216, an "218, 218*, 227, 234, o 282, 282*, Isaac McLellan, Jr., 208, 220, 221, 257; 258. Winslow Lewis, Jr., 10,19, 47 499, New York Lyceum, 16, 181. Thomas Py: tall, 256. William F. Otis 18. Philadelphia Academy of Natural Scien William Perkins, = 64, 150. Charles Pennsylvania i Geological Society, Jasóh Pom 245, E Charles G. Putnam, 251; John G. Palfrey, 255. Quebec Literary and See an, 196. D. Humphrey s Slorer, 66, 7 76, 77 79, 84 05, 118, 120, 127, d, "Mél 19! 171, 197, 26, G. F. Thayer, 243. b 914 Donors to the — 77; | 191, 1 E T e m EA liam D. Ticknor, 6, a HA Ei Tuckerm FE Jr. , 91, , 102, , 133, oe 13 160, 161 Jer. Vau Renssalaer, 201. J 10. w arren, 190, 283. Ezra Weston, Jr., and A. B. Wes- . ton, 24. Lynde M. Walter, 69. — By Subscription. Amos Lawrence, B. D. G S. A. Eliot, „David Ecl EokleyvA G.B. W. Wm. Perkins, R. J. C. Hayden, T. B. Park, J. G. Stevenson, W. T. An oe = 28, 50, 104, 158, Lea, Ma 162, ^ 167, 168, onymous Friend, J. Jackson, D. Aiewhag, F. C. Gray, B. D. Greene, J. Randall, A. Binney, Jo: nathan. Phillips , 65, 81. * a k * $ " & ^ ^ k R qu X - * | : è * k 2 r 3 g ^ i DONATIONS. t y 1830. October. An Iguana P a ventelibe (dorsal) of the Whale—Skin from the breast of the male Pe D urs mphreys s Storer ; - A Collection of Alpine plants, arranged in in a small volume. aan Tape-worm from the Cat The objécts of Naturel History beara, to os. Afaithy, D: \ consis! uminantia—Shells, Mine rals 831 merican Academy of Arts and Sciences. April. Twelve Bottles containing Reptiles. Five hundred and fift Species of plants Sout venue of - . Boston. E James . 5 Three hundred Spain er eee vicinity. May. A Box of Minerals. ` -Francis Alger. aw of the an Eleph William B. Fowle. June. Tooth of the African Elephant. — George B. veral oo so ge ssions of m Monte Bolca, near inney, Jr. i Fossil Fe: Fern, from the coal formation of Pennsylvania. À George H. Snelling. A Box of Minerals Sino E. Greene. Skeleton . Cooke. of a Cat. Joseph P. ia of the Dog, Cat, Mink, "A and Skunk, and ‘those of fout birds—Skeleton of e veral Snake Skins. D. Storer. Two boxes South American Insects. illiam Hales. Two hundred S of n two hun- dred Specimens ant Mee from the Basin the undred specimens foreign 1831. July. August. , September. October. November. ` 1832. March. June. w : es 4 mt H 3 i. * ES & Donations. Coal from Meigs county, Ohio ity—Iron Ore—cranium of 8 nium = the Gar-fish—U pper Jaw from Ohio. E: of Mincrils from Elba. A Mass of Selenite. Skin of the Albatross. John James es Cranium of a Stag. D. Hum uphreys Storer. ; Bottles nomen Ba get ` John Randall. Two Boxes taining Insects—Fishes and Crustacea from Chi m. Winslow Lewis, Jr. Several eres > alcohol). Clement n. Stuffed Skin of a Chameleon. - William B. Fowle. Bottle sonan) Reptiles. : = jamin D. Greene. ` A Box of Insects "Iun Rio de Janéiro, containing abo: E d hundred Coleoptera and about two ped Tea Amos Bi D. H. Storer MA Ware, Francis » Gray, G. 2 Dear de 4. ‘A. ‘Gould, Seth Bass, J. B. Flint, J. W. McKean, Henry Dyer, ipede—a ens of. Elater Noctlucus William B. Fowle. Sulphuret of lead imbedded in crystalized Quartz, from Southampton—Specimens of Tiesto Marie, Crania of the Raccoon, Fox and Squirrel. 7 Edward Jarvis. Collection of Alge. Cab oN = : A Henry iiie. Opossum, Mole, Hedgehog, I Falco ossifragus, Deer, Java Sparrow. deco: gua P of a Lark, Skin of Vampyre Bat stuffed, Skin of a Boa ace prin tie Sword of the Xiphias Gladius, Crania of the Adjutant Bird, lbatross, Horse, Cat. speci f imens of the Saw of the Saw-fish—cranium m "iger—several Horns end-the Skeleton af » Bes Tore Skeleton of the Musk Eme Den >» Winslow Lewis ier edes L Several bottles of Reptes, from the East Indies: „| } _ Several bottles of Fish fom the Indian Seas Seas. D: Humphreys Storer- Minerals and Fossils from Gay Head, Martha’s Vineyard. 1 Bpociiiin of Pilgrim’s Rock, Plymouth.” Daniel Jay Eggs of the Crocodile, Boa Po and Black Sna Snake. Humphreys Storer. Box of Fossil Shells from Ain: Benjamin D. Greene. Cranium of a Wild Cat. Winslow Lewis, Jr. x of English Minerals John H. Gray. ' Box with six hundred Specimens of Insects, wx Trieste. | Several Insects from A found in Ls Place, Boston William B. Fowle. s of the Ostracion Yalei Goan Martha’s pie iera A. A. Gould. p of — baleenaris. L ds ibecime f Re Ç Robinson Staffel Skin of the , Wood Duck. hekle Amory. ; Eg an Ostrich. ‘Cranium n of a Ram with ur horns—Quantity of Corals and shells—Alligator’s A H. Thompson ttle Snake from Lynn. ` "imde A. Walter. Penis of a Whale—Coronula balenaris. Leroy .M. Yale. Young Seal from Nahant. Walter Channing. Mass , small Alli an Iguana—A seed from the West Indies. Marshall S. Perry. 'The foll x e n Winged Teal— Wood Duck, Shoveller, Golden Eye, Little Gull, — -winged | Bird, — Grouse. Skeletor li entary of Rhinoceros Indicus, Cabiai and i ^ E ed Deer and Gazelle. —Crania of the Ram, =... ven 'speciós of Coral from Singapore by Rew. Rev. T. Augustus A A. Gould. — unn L. cn —À y -o Charles J. F. Binney. The rough leg legged Falcon. v Amos Binney. Antlers of apiti from California. ` Simon E. Greene. Cranium of the Ant Eater. Joshua B. Flint Four Species of Sponge, six do. of Bchini, one do. of oe from New York—Native ê Gold iro — Car- onna. Lead and Copper Ores from Cornwall, Great Britain Amos Binney. Minerals found with Gold Ores of Carolina. Benjamin D. Greene. 518 1833. September. November. December. Donations. Thirteen Specimens of Coral—Three ae si, D. reys — Four Species of Crabs from Martha's Vineyard; . For. Collection of plants from South cleas... enjamin D. "Greene. Cranium and Antlers of the Cape Antelope. La Francis G. Shaw. A small Turtle from Plymouth beach. — T EE Humming Bird's Nest. T. Gray. = blocks of Basalt from the Giant's s Seal lowar Malcom. Fossil Elephant's Tooth, from = eres e cae = "^ G F. B Too a Whal “Willian B = Nine | ces oft Coral, two do. of Echini. inney. Fifteen jm with Mammalia and Reptiles fran jé tans. e and a Boa. umstead. Specimen of Coralli . Greene A fróm. Labrador, of the Eider Duck, Arctic Tern, mets Esquimaux C Guillemo Toc; , Jr. . Bottle wi Rr eder end boten AMA) P omi. F. Nine Birds’ Skins from Labrador. Jr. Two Black Patin, an Adder, ive Crabs, a Bottle with MM &c. M. Cattle Fish 2 ohn Ware. Sheela of a us d a lar, Hi pocampus. - fa = W. P. Lineman A large Larva from Surinam. . John B. S. Jackson. Antlers of the Moose Deer. Richard B. Carter. Jaws and Back-bone of a Shark from NE ish from West Indian rancis G Skeleton of Javana ta berculata. _ Winslow Lewis, iam. Skeleton of the S napping Turtle, Toad and ` ng Feron. ` Seed vessel of one of the Cucurbitaces from ‘South Stedman. Crania of the Tiger, Crocodile, gees. We Babiroussa Wi ; 7 Lewis, ; Mounted Skins of the Marsh Hawk, Fish Hawk, Pigeon T Shinned Hawk, Great Foo ted Hawk, t Je ois and 2e rot toe a "Teal Amos Binney. ape of Good Hope, Eight Genera of tine from Newport, Island. Edward Tuckerman, Jr Donations. 519 wer of an Elephan Frederick Lane. Jaws ind. Tail of the Sting y7 i Ezra Weston, Jr. Teeth from upper jaw of an Elephant. iam B. Fowle. A Toad from Labrador—Crustacea from the gills of a od Fis George B. Shattuck, Jr. Under Jaw of an Elephant—Sword o of the Xiphias—Back- bone of a Shark—Bill and Pouch of a Pelican—Rib of kin of a Rattlesnake—Skins of the English Pheasant and eam Bone Breccia from Sic eor gë Collection of Shells illustrative of n graph of Bivalve Shells of 2 Aver d d a s Voluta harles ( hia). Beryl from Ackworth, New Several Hornets’ Nests, with we umphreye Storer. Sporiniai of Diònæa muscipula Ba a Wi p North Caro. Skin of a acGoldón Eagle, seven feet alar bn pe = Tappan. ` Amos Binney. , . Body of the Coaita Monke A n Iguana—A large Boa e with Eggs ún. alcohol) Skin of a very large Boa, all from Surmam Edward G. Bumstead. Specimens of Pinnotheres ue John Odin, Jr. Jaws of a large Crocodile from Masini G. Shaw. Collection of Lavas and Sulphurs fet 2 St. Vincents, Montserrat and St. Lucia—and Pe tions from An- A magnificent Crystal of Amethyst from Ack- worth, New Hampshire, three four inches in cir- cumference. Charles T. Jackson. Mass of Agatized Cocoa-nut tree ( Tamas B. ? Gregam Henry Dyer. r Red Bird The tae Aakers of the Lobster. C. Smith. Cocoon of Oiketicus - Rio ie: specimens of the Astacus Barton D. Storer. Mounted Skins sof the pa A Quail, ed Grouse, nipe, Ferruginous , Barred Owl, ! Green Heron, Winter Hawk, Velvet Duck, Buffle headed Duck and Red Duck Male and Fe- male). Skeleton of the P or Mexican H Ligamentary leton o — Het. Cranium ofa Musk Rat— Bill of an Allbatross—and S of ‘ohn Odin, Jr Three of Coral and a — Fish. species Crustacea from ii Eo à act wl, yes or as April. Specimens of Cancer Panope John Bethune. Fruits of various b Fropical Piarik; D. Humphreys Storer — of Soda from Cracow—an Echinus and several sterias. ames Jarves. Splendid Case of four hundred Insects from Rio de Jane Charles J. F. De Cerithium o Mactra pim from New Thomas A. Greene, (New Bed, yore Skins of the Long-tailed Duck, Goosander, and Saddle- — Tappa ull. Fossil Terebratula from Ohio—Belemnite Mica n a Garnet imbedded, from Nori Skin Thirty Bottles with a "d Insects ge C. Shattuck, Jr. A small Migh eon V. C..Smith. Genital Or, of a Free Martin. Joshua B. a Skeleton of a Coaita Monke Estes How Specimen of Strongylus Gigas from the grun. of a ohn Ligamen nen = a Rat, Cranium of a à Porpoise-- | Skin of. Grea Winslow Lewis Bisulphate of Copper from South America—-Specimen of ite, a new Mineral, (Russia). — T. Jackson. Case of Insects from South Ame D. E feratur C. K. Dillaway, Amos Binney 4 A. Gould, ; Jr., J. 8. C. Greene W. er I Bi Flint, E. Wigglesworth, Jr. L. S. Cushing, John Ware, Jos. Joy, G. B. Emerson, E. S. Dizwell. Bones of the Pe ctoral fin of the Doras costatus. John Ware. Skins of five n Tappan. Rose (€ (Stn Island). ede Power. Small Box of Inse "Charles A. Peat, (Philadelphia). Box of Iron One; from New Jersey. é Charles J. m Tusks of the D i Winslow Lewis, Jr Skeleton of the iei Smith, McKean ^ McKean a e Skins of the Shorteared Owl and a (€ of the Great Noddy. — ; odi s leton Bird—an Ostrich’ g - ofa rodar omn rmt rit Jaw of s Egg- Teeth Head ad and Bones of an Albatross. Edward Warren. of Plants from Honduras, Cassis tS en Wheat an Af B ` cbe Lini “Homo an Atican cf iie. Alligator: J. V. C. Smith. R ` June... ryant P. Tilden. A übteicinl of Lavas and Dried Plants from Teneriffe. July. 521 Ninety two Birds’ Skins—and a Er of Insects from Demerara, ark Benjamin. Male and Female Grosbeaks. ` ‘ohn Bethune. Series of a species of Paludina, oaii e B. Emerson. About fifty specimens of Lavas from the George W. Bond Islands. Skeleton of a Monkey and Sea Gall es Howe. Skeleton of a common Fowl. John B. € dedi. Stuffed Skin of a Muskrat. ^ 8; JJ. me (€ : ineteen species of Birds' gs—and seve with Fi bibo Reptiles, Bia Se and Radiata, from the Azores. muel G G. Rodman. Portion of the Root of the nie Tree. ay owne, : W. P. Greenwood. Twos Aer inge M eutenant S. Navy), Two gigantic Galipagos mi era e welling near ^ three hundred and twenty so ) apt. (U. S. Navy Bodies of the Capibuz, Ant Bea Jackal dd Leopard. Stomach of - m Ostrich, x ar Egg of a South American ird > Coluber vernalis n Emys s scabra Lom ‘Francis H. Ji A Hela” oa = — of a species, of Cucumeris - m W. McKean. An Herbarium with fifiy-o -one — of plants from Chili and fifteen from the Galipagos Is — La Skin of th z ht H on. Samuel G A Sheet of e died Dino wings of rare’ Fishes taken at Charles an d Gali ipagos Islands. | J. N. Two species of Echinus--and an d €: Demerara. k Benjamin. Thirt inity of Dui y species of Carices (vicinity cre ü ` Mass of Madrepore--Hair Ball from — = an Ox. get Forty-five Birds' Skins from Bombay=-Bkins of Sciurus. VOL. seph "n Ce , JF. : Stuffed Birds’ Skins from Brazil. : Skeleton of Vespertilio serotinus and Mer gran : id e^ ^. (in Alcohol). Francis s Emys Pennsylvanica. pee L—PART IV. e. # ys punctata—Lunge and HE of 1 Emys X «dr a Hors p sod E aa un hy E = i laor EX E a ee : : F - October. Y E a "T x 74 2 p SE EA E. ys Vessel of Mimosa scandens, Linn... S. Cooper. te uem th America : : Nathaniel B. S = — Eight specimens of e ood an Elephant’s Too z Joseph. C Coolidge, Jr. Ten Species of Lepidoptera, from Mai, ‘athaniel Brown. Ph "on Kennebunk, Maine. annot Emerson. Ach vex xillum George P. Bradford. d female) Rana pipiens, Rana hale- sms Plus Howe John B. kson. -Rana sylvátion — Hana palustris—Rana_halecina—Rana versicolor—two specimens of Vespertilio—an Asterias— two species of Echinus—Pleurotoma—Mitra—Cis- duds clausa, from Florida—ten species of Birds' Eggs. D. Humphreys Storer Three species of Echinus—two of Asterias—eight ‘of Shells—and three pecs of Fishes—a lot of Fossil Shells, Minerals, ward Tuckerman, Jr. Sclerotica of the Xiphias Gladius. phi ncis W. P. Greenwood. A Leech with her youn, de = Meck `H. Ruggles, ( Trey): ne Bictab fe tasket. Ezra Weston, Jr. Piposrse « pod d Dobehick. Joshua H. Hayward. appen rals and Fossils from Buenos Ayres— Fossil t A of the Hippopotamus j a Rio Negro. "Diodon oblo from fica ngus the West 9. C. Clark A fen Porpoise taken from the mother in = Pacific an, Skeleton of Falco hiemalis. ames B. y orsyth. Diodon orbic one of the Attican aig bri arshall S. Perry. E ggs of the Dr. ay, (E Twenty-five oe towards the purchase of Becks from oe ogswell Library—and a hundred and DE ds' skins, from she sini My of onam agi Fungus from the Pine ‘Tee cane iter $> Four hundred and forty-four Birds’ skins, fro m Chili, Peru t South Shetland ihe Botanical speci- mens from Chili, Peru mains, from ; P» Fen of Shells, comprising many rare specime: * of. gsm and Chiton, from Chili and i M s of an Birds—Colored [Er EE cl i f ? 1 = 1834. November. December.. 1835. January. rd Jarvis, (| Fossil Elephants" s "Tooth, (Caan Great F; ic: Pecten from the West Indies, — T eds e. tt Tron Ores m "X d Malcom. ^ of Boulders DER si Peterabure, =. to originate in Finlan Thin s ppecies of Native Shells (Nantucket). es Tallent. Cranium of a > ae gioca UR s Jackson. A species ander. Edwa eirson, (Sa E; aS the t: souple Murs, Saddle back Gui Skeleton of a Cat. i E 7 Two species of E. Echinus—several small =. EN of Galipagos Tortoise John. Warren ve P Mounted Swan' s Skin, aL LUE River). P a d wd 3 Spei * eg ee Alge s... Nahant, collected by a ay, om in two Ss ri volum: ge, rns. de n hex eral Bottles of Reptiles and Insecta, (Cuba a). : Abbot Lawrence, Jr. ' Scolopendra morsitans—Amphisbæna (C Egg of Testudo Elephantopus. John Warren, Box of Gold Ores, m North Carolina. 4 G. Cary. Crystals of Quia from Trenton Falls. John Odin, Jr. Eggs of the Crow. Charles J, Bates. .Cypreea lac actea—two Co and a Pupa. ` : 2 í Ta Mi mis dF ide fen aris, = — aye I. Bowditch. Echinus atratus, Sumatra Mrs. Denia; (Salem). È. Rogers. F, ge Brown, (Beverly). Mounted Skins of oso Ben nes nor D. din, John Bethune, Peete K. Dil- Cabot, Jr. < reir Several 2 of East Seat Tada’ Sh H. T. C Parker. Aolestapsta nsis. er, (Martha Vineyard). Bec sollan, Lin., T R. frondiculata = T Va =... Box of Minerals, from Sicily. Coluber eua Dn Bagypliacae Gecko — Sumatra. D. Noyes. ` Nine species "of Shells from pes America May. July. " mns. ‘Brazile, a ina Cabinet of -" —— — two rge Boxe e W. P A Gagantic dhe ramosus, and a large Í Lie. . Townsend. A Fossil Elephant's Tooth, (Sumatra). ud Root and leaves of the Palmet hell enesta uiai to- S. Shells—Millepore and Birds’ Skins, cme St. Augustine, oes Florid sera atson Cone of a J. EÉ: inch io Minerals fora, m Cronspit E — lh Box of Fossils from B. D Bone meg from Sicily Several species of Crustacea. rancis Magnificent ae of Crystals of Sulphur on Stron- tian from Sicily. enry Andrews. Collection 4 of Plants from this Moree les K. Dillaway. a Yale. The DE: DN — of tripterus Am orrhua s—Morrhua aglefings— Merlangu gus spall Beemer grea ebastes Nor- ve — . Storer. ase of Insects, from New Holland. 8. E. Greene. ve Marine Shells. ; The Sand Eel (Ammodytes a; of Nati William Barr od (Maiden Pied t Oyster-Catcher. - miel We eise A ethune The Wolf Fish (Lupus — and Sepia officinalis). Joseph P. Couthouy. lis from Cuba. Joshua B Flint Cutuds clausa William R. Sumner. Hydrargyra from PN Cyprinus D H. and An- nof Duishm laio Mi two ee x mth anne Talande, Joseph P. . oth (in Alcohol)--a S š young V A) ind dii Several Specimens of Madre pe pore. George B. ‘Emerson. A Queen Bee. E. Greene. Two species of Crustacea tent St. Jago. rnit Impressions of Vegetables and Shells, from the Pennsyl- vania coal formation, Mr. Andrews Large and beautiful Crab, from the — Indies. dA falus." W. e ei - Samuel August. - Skeleton ofthe Shad (A = Quebec Nat. Hist. Society. ` Skeleton Fhad (Alos vulguis): i eu ee 1835 September. October. November, 1836. January. February. March. : Birds’ Skins, from Calew . Mr. Bush. Vegetable Fur, from reme Jerome V. C. Smith. es cornuta, from Texas. | H. Belcher. althe stellata, "and Draco fuscus xo India. A valuable Case of Insects, from Ne ew Hollan Reptiles and Phial of Asphaltus, i Cuba m R. Lawrence. Corals and Shells, from coast of Maine. ` Charles T. Jackson. A Box Sas "pm Insects. Herman Green a : T. B. Curtis. Bie 4 eee McLellan, Jr. Testudo nde eorge B. Emerson. Minerals and Shells, from River Missiceippi. Nathan Barrett. "e of ens —— A. Shurtl Species of Hinni -n an Emerson. Stalactites, and Suite of Bivalves, fom Dr. Hildreth, (Marietta). Valuable collection of Shells mé Ï ina ne round the ori Com. John Downes, C Navy). arcass of an Asiatic Elephant. ` G. B. Emerson. I m from Indi John Ballistier. of a Crosodile, Hawk and — from oe Edible Birds’ Nests, C rur i = Borës of Insects from Manilla, ve collected tur W. Collection of Vo lcanie Mine send ren Hop = ren < William Sen ` Model in Plaster of a portion of the Alps, to accompany Saussure's les Alpes,” 's “ Voyage dans Twenty species of Reptiles, from NL, ous Magnificent Trilobite (Isoteles megalops, De De Kay), Tren: Sullivan. Calleeton af Minerals fom the State of New York. George W. Boyd, (New York). Scolopendra, — Mr. apte onda of Rotella—and Skeletons of Hi Samuel A. EC Several F Foreign Marine Shells. —. Joshua B. Flint. A Bent of Vespertilio. S. Dixwell. A Sa Nd cats). John Odin, Jr. ,with the Eggs. H. G. Bigelow. of a Wild Cat. Ji siete and a Fish. Leroy M. Yale. Salmo Fario, (Medford). oseph P. Ore Cuba. George Brown, (Beverly). + June. S 7 August. E ae oF — a Donations. Cranium of a Buceros from - nant Smithy a U. S. À Planorbis corpulentus "Leyun elo ne » (af ups, l, Ohio). * ossil. > Bedin] Parrot, fori the Sandwich eic y. Eggs of Fringilla social Thomas M. Brewer. = "a T from Mansfield. carier T. ME Fish, (Lumpus vulgaris). Nest’ of Sylvia CEstiva with an Egg of Icterus pecoria. Brewer. Plaster Casts of the several species piichhites dis- covered by himself, with se eni ‘lee rescions in the Slate Rock. Edward Hitchcock, ee ollege). Several Reptiles N. M. — (Alabama). Specimen of Sc Scutella pentaforis. A large nm (Boston). D. H. ‘Storer er. Stormy M. Brewer. Thomas Fine specimens of Mytilus pu (Mass) Two specimens of Galena from Ogdensburg, N ‘New York. Joseph Moriarty. Shells from the Alle hany River Murex haustellum (with double 'canal)-— Voluta "diadema, from New Holland. n Warren Pharma Into, Lk.—Pleurotoma, Olivas and Ancillaria, = from Senegal—Fossil from Cuba. ` Jos re P. Couthouy. Group of Cineras, from Cohasset. Greenwood. A reversed Mirigi two loser x Marine n A valuable Collection of, Birds’ Skips, „, Reptiles, and Packages of Insect Pins. — Sona B . Gregerson. rofessor $ P N. M. Hentz's Collection cts; consisting of evene thousand eight hundred — of — and thirteen hund Part ‘ost A Friend, James Jackson, G Á, P ose Binney, B. D. meii mae P. C. Gray, Jonathan Phillips, Box of f Minerals from Vesuvius, and a olm Nest n ion. l. Coral, from the Mediterranean. ietro Bachi. i A Cee a ret Meter nodes of Marine Shells, from John J. Dirwell. Balanus radiatus, (Lam.)— Tubularia "indivisa Tritonia ` (new ies)—Actinia plumosa, (Cuv.)—and —— '. €ies of Amphitrite (all fro —Cyproa fimbria Pacific). Josephi P. Couthouy. €: ï Suite of Naiades Univalves, from near Chillicothe, Ohio. Charles J. Ward. 1836. November. December. December. 1837. January. à February. March. April. Donations.” -* 527 Two Boxes of Chinese Insects, and one 2e: d. pu aom erican Insec s n of an Anaconda and — Balanus stalactiferus, (Lk.)—B. d. (Lini a B. violaceus (Wood) Cineras vittata, (Leac cai Cuvieri, Leach), all from a vessel’s bottom coming from ast Indies—three — of Cones Joseph P. . Couthouy. Crepidula, Siphonaria, and Calyptrœa, from Matanzas J. E. Tesc hemacher. Isocardia Cor, (Fossil). William Pratt, Jr. Collection of Plants, from Savannah and b Casts of thirteen =n discovered gnicien of Ornithich- Charles B. Adams. nites. : Specimen of Quart Gar Fish, from the Mississippi. S. Emerson, (Alton, Ill.) Opalized Wood, from Fibre; paaa Holland. y F- Baker. Alabaster, Malachite, and several Fossils, fr , from Wisconsin | "Territo Emerson. = nre o f Lo é Reports and I ceca d e ia Ampullaria, with the young mi their Nidus, from Sumatra. B ; rar . Two species of Monodonta, and e < A Volcanic Specimens, ! from Fayal. aon ` S. Brooks. Head of an a Maaf: enclosed in a Bell Glass. á = A Friend. Specimens o Biche le Mer. J. B. S. Jackson. Nest of os Phillipinus i. ecies of x--Marginella Storeria, (Cou- lix serpentina—C belle, from the Red 7 serpen n Sen Ma inella quinqueplicata—and an Ec — from Straits of unda—Cerithia, — New Holland Joseph P. C. fast the Ardea Ludoviciana--Pelecum us fuscus—Pha- rocorax Floridanus, and several others, from Florida. AS attached to the Madrepore on which it grew. eed : F. C. Lowell.” co» À 9 DI , f = : Page. Page. Acenitus decorus, =. . . 9248 | Anomalon eju 241 ———— melleus, . . 249 | ———— emarginatus, 945 . EA Acalypha n - oS lncatuidi à 3 ds i ellipe * Acanthocinus f quadrigibbus, 195| —— —— recurvus, . . . 943 Acordulece o a A o edi humerale, 223 _ >>> dolis: igin 229 com D 4 (oí S Agathis ornata, . . . . | Ante 284 —— — polita, Box en penetan (Corphy m 189 a sient » » + 916 | ———— — ———— im eig dut uu sabia t T ——— epicera, 575 SY | aaa EM >" —— epinotus. os TEES terminalis, e — goniphorus, . . + © | Anthophora in pannosus, AE | —————— s _ en) voka 28 jii . ` 438 TR f Degradation 72 | Anthracite Non. "Mansfield , Altica ceracolis, . . . . 900 Mass., Analysis ^ . - —— Oss a 4 z — a Apate bicaudata, . "407 melhcollis, .. . . . 199 | Aphodius inexus, . Alyson melleus, . an oni gservül, . 6 ee ——— — Es _ Avie (h (Halictus) sericea, : ona KAGA ilex (Chlorion) « canali- | = =" rufescens, é : : er a diffusa, $ i e as 458 Aristida Beo cs 1 57 anata, Lu €. . MS 393 longespica, 135 spiciformis. 196 ta, 134 133 vir, e + 135 ' 349 | Atta fervens, . . 2 Ld 181| Atomacera, . . . - 21 M RM cellularis 213 < < i debilis,- 212 d e : 243 | Bachman, Rev. J., Defence 944 of A a 15 = * & i Banchus æquatus, ——— fugitivus oo - nervulus Bass, striped, ; ad eae à —— m 249 Beaches, f formation of, 78 Bembex iata, 367 < Os! 366 Bethylus girs, ` 279 centratus, 231 musculus, datus, 3 Bill-fis 77 418 Binn rir De. A A. on Fusus Aru- . — ME ph of the Mm of SE nited : 466 Pap equalis, à 185 $c impel, 183 A 134 — obiak &« — M 186 —— FE 133 Blennius oars labrosus, 348 Bletia aphylla, . 132 — ephip ria 414 413 vene 414 Brachinus alternar . 151 Brachygaster reticulatus, 223 Bracon argutator . 953 — —— dorsator, Ês hebetor, ... e — P8 HO V. M96 eu pectina 951 — —- rugator, "s T — —— rugulosus, 255 — scrutai 254 — ——— transversus, 255 Siemens * 954 ——— (Aliolus) thoracicus, 260 —— trilobat 259 —— — (Cetereon) honestor, 257 AVO ARI [7 r, ci paululor, . « + OR pullator, E ——-- explomitor, . . . 29 populator, . . 958 tibiator, š 259 ng the w Black ý a cterus agripennis) . 41 Bulla, fossil, DO. NB Butter-Bah,.; 0.4 o. WB Celioxys meus M... E inii aa ntata, . . 400 Calendar, dei 22 415 17 M Cantharis in nvalida, E a —— pers MEE i. 158 ———— ils) ) bidéntata, 159 Carcharias glaucus, . 348 Carex xan ont E. I5 m ou om M Carrion Cassia occidentalis, Gare duced), 117 Cassida pate 4 197 Cathartes : 16, 90 arii ae aa bo x ae Cenchrus incertus, E> pei éehinatfu. ï « :> D HR 4 r P Centris (Xylocopa) Carolina, i ratina dupla, . . . . 397 Cerceris fomipennis » . Jui wee A TO i a picalis, «d EP M > 865 Chalcis ate oddat of Coal, ... moisis 954 i Bs SA y Hitchcock, Prof., Geological of C socolla, (Ui ow edith Mansichinotts, 00 ec ete Geology of - or d " d, Vara Crane i Z 7 352 E m omes ei os BOR aires lineatus, inn 189 pce - « 166 | Lagria (Corph co ue Hylobates Pe ` n a e lm es d F — — — fuscus, UTEM m - edd ————— Lar, IRL g a E — à M ^ "s A c y "um. —: ——— — syndaeülus, . . * | Lampyrisbifara, . . « « 157 Uni 7 us uy trilineata, `> +5 : "nue cut - + “ | Land-Slip. on Presumpscu MEC ves a - Lara Se = à See T i E 3 id | Larra ( ) auru ulenta, . Matis,” otc o ee » Bgthronf Bueere; lineare, mondes pulchra, . Ea binotata, . ——_—— obliqua, ruin $e eco BEI, Malthinus latipennis, Page. Larus argontatoides, ig 30 cç - lacson. : 438 tridaetylus, |. 438 marinus, d minutus, © zonorhynchus, 438 Laurus albida, . 118 melissefolia, E _ Lestris catarractes, 438 —_ Richardsonii, « Leucospis fraterne, . . Lewis, Dr. Description e — of a Gib iore 32 v. c 0 Gei 127 ` = tomentosa, & —— ——— Walteri « imestotle, . . . 315 Limnetis juncea, . . 136 Lycus canaliculatus, 154 => modestus, . `. 153 obliqu =de 1 (Omalisus) humeralis, 155 l t 154 Lyda ocreata, i 222 mno argentita, 37 371 éé Ue 2i or chia; 372 Kini cae A & qun Rt n CT L E nara, . . * e iui : E ser minuta, molesta, 1 | Necydalis, 5 Nematus integer, : 361 | ———— longi rte a 533 Page. Mesodon ee 7 488 — — —— helicinum, . 492 Methoca bicolóh ES 299 E> Slate, i Wn n bis-stigmata, ` Mic crogaste e t 264 - 263 262 260 mellipes, . . 261 xylina, & . . 262 ———— —— illatis, - .—. WS Minnows or Mud fishes, . 416. Miscus (Pompilus) cornicus, 305 ——_———_ petiolatus, “ Toe o s Molorchus inali oii. aliae C Co ` Moneilema in nequalis, . « 198 | Mordella hilaris, . . . . 190 | ———— 0 n Wa: or ue ————— serv íi £14 Mother Carey's ’ Chickens, Mountain Slides, M a an am nguilla) argentea, 349 toniensis, g ‘ = d D x Aru Muscicapa atten T ———— = cerulea, . J” Pu" M 9 diata, . ee ` É wi + lineolata, e‘ a ` $E dR: P o T oS hs atti de posita, r ro Myzine hamatus, . „ou subulatus, cornis, bratus, * . * B p p LZ ey NO wcaslle coal, ien of, 358 Peltas j i Nomada bisignata 402 Pemphredon gi * -BEPEEREAGEEE:E (D^ i oe» ape JU4 — é 305 < 66 161 a a E T * E š > * a? + Mie ‘ * " $ a à. = * > 4 à - ve: p ï * * a*- T * d T us apilar uibs. ) i eee 205 Silis, Se See Cantharis biden tata, : A as caudatar ë mg rculata, Spector ie aT * US UG de * - = à ers LI H k * ` á # : : a es + " d s í 536 > ` Index. po^. Page. i à Thalassidtom& Leachii, . 3477488 Trypexyion carts, 24174 QE v 2 ‘ _ Q? = _Ê>„ "— QIE |Z 4.38 AM ulea, i : 2 Vii p " —— Tigra, ...-. . . 91 penge x Ea 20.5.7160 | Uria grylle, . nc Tillus (Priocera) bicolor, = 162 mace oa are a ee | "Sr Sa ite undulatus dee | o o ver Plus . M Vespa cinerascens, . + + X. E C —— quad e uncin riders, o3 al 75g , * e 2 E jis VulinrGryphue, 4 Nr, D 275 |Wükturs, ^. soya sg - i y ": ? are Mc us, . E. = ë ` 437 food of, . a M K «| ——— senses of sight and ti smell of, 4 9 * Wendlandia, . ... . . M9 $ Wiregrass,. . «. > ~ Aw , é Weba y m9. # k à Xiphydria basalis, . . . 222 ` ». Rs ulata,. . . 991 ^ Xorides ecd in cu PRB Xylocopa Carolina, . . = 412 eae a a age ex a „ for 4 sing.” e. ura Cms fead " me a.” ü i 5 JADUEE IS MAS 2B TS Paenmidletarzs Zith. BE Nutting... From Nature Fendietons Lith” Sections Of Macte Crystals Fig. 7 2 : Fig. 2 rie t PNIA Q from Nature by C I Jackson Fusus AJUANUS BL Nutting &th. from Nature Pendleton’s Lith PUSUS ATUANUS. ze BENuthngy--fròr Nature Fendietonës Lith? E PLvi.., A f z ^ # P \ ten s dames Rights, DA i r dyretinied bu Grè Sraith Moi anal au oao RIGHTS. in TS Tae NES cu UO. eT e N ae aE a Tre a Fs cee, m allt ane ee EN aaa ere ani J + v Fendtetons Lithoq* Boston SE + 7 / * à ) C SO ACLON la te v EP (sc MEE e i xin o. X iiir) y. ; eng p, T x E è ‘ ë lestudo Llephantopus, Warian T. Moores Lithography. Doston # SAS SSS SAGA) SS DENN i N | ANS NN CNSH NN Ss NO NIN AS M SRN SN INS HAlbolabris. PL3 BENutting del Moore's Lith? ` - H Thyroidus. Pl. 18. 3 FN. Š isl Moc ^e Á ithY BEN utting del Moore's Lith + u$ N ^ S S i ` X S P. ` DN — É > á a a Talcose&c. S late E w Creens tone : -À Hornblenae ~| Slate Plum bagin ous \ Mica Slate -A Talcose & Mica \ Portland Dk Quartz Rock Limestone Taicose Slate -4 Sate & Quartzhock )Plumbaginous Mica Slate Talcose & Mica Slate ` 7 Talcose. Slate ` Pyritiferous Mica Slate ———nm——————————————————