~ stem ge ieee gr eads solitary or sometimes 2, the disk
€, ye voluc 8m , the bracts about 21 or rarely only 13, ae
long ; ach
poe and ciiiee wet meadows, Hudsonian and Arctic-Alpine Zones; Washington to Montana and south-
River yoke aan ne south to California (throughout the Sierra Nevada) and ‘Wyoming. Type locality: Columbia
er. y-S
purplish toward the tp ap: biacteples few, uate and rather elongate, or none; rays about 7-14 m
29. Senecio resedifélius Less. Dwarf Arctic Butterweed. Fig. 5770.
Senecio resedifolius Less. Linnaea 6: 243. 1831.
Sene, oto Tyailts Klatt, Ann. = Hofm. Wien 9: 365. 1894. Not Hook. f. 1853.
Sen eene, Pittonia 4: 110, 1900.
i reenm. hae . Mo. . Gard. 3: 101. 1916.
_ bs ¥
om a branched caudex or short, rather thick rhizome, about 0.5-2 dm. tall, essen-
tiathy pi opined or occasionally on a little persistent tomentum at the base and in the axils of the
leaves. Leaves thickish, the basal ones mostly arbicidatcbvatet we eniform ven o| e, blunt-
toothed or subentire, the b ptoa it 2.5 cm. long and wide, generally abruptly contracted
to the petiole; cauline leaves reduced upwards ‘becomi g sessile, in the larger pl
less pinnatifid ; xsi hse arse ted 2, the disk a -18 mm. wide, yel more
often orange or olucre h, the bracts a _ 21 S rarely only
13, dactish = feast usally heccleles. averaging shorter and broader than in S. s us; rays
variously dev: times as much as 14 mm. long and 4 mm. wide or - Wetasionally wanting ; ;
Exposed situations at alpine or occasionally subalpine stations oe the h mountains, mostly upper
Lata ar: pre Reape and Alaska to Ri frei nee south to central ice ington, sg ana, and northwestern
yoming. Type locality: St. Lawrence Island n the Bering Sea. July—S.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 445
5769. Senecio subnudus
5770. Senecio resedifolius
5767. Senecio osetia
5768. Senecio hesperiu
30. Senecio pérteri Greene. Porter’s Butterweed. Fig. 5771.
layed renifolius Porter in Port. & Coult. “ag Colo. 83. 1874. Not Schultz-Bip. 1845.
Senecio porteri Greene, Pittonia ie 186. 189
fiecuce ooted perennial from a “wel developed, eens tae seroma creeping rhizome, gla-
brous throughout, “essentially scapose, t cm. peduncle naked or with 1 or 2 minute bracts.
Leaves SBA he thick, mostly eras crenate- oblate blade a to 2.5 cm. wide; heads
solitary, fairly large the sone saben? involucre about . high.
site ocky s (? talus es) in the ains, Arctic- Alpine Zone; Wallow a Mountains of northeastern
Oregon (w ace re a only “otha a ici collection fe ith the collector’s note “very little seen’’) and in Colorado.
Teel locality: White House Mountains, Colorado.
Our plant appears to be identical with that ty claesiie:
446 COMPOSITAE
31. Senecio pauciflédrus Pursh. Rayless Alpine Butterweed. Fig. 5772.
we lo paucifi Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 529. 1814.
Fi br rous-rooted perennial from a penile or slightly ee cane 1.54 dm. tall, glabrous
or lightly floccose-tomentose when young. Leaves thickish, s what succulent in life, the basal
ones goncvices gh 8 Bc to subr ottttid, abruptly paaiarked to Nthe truncate or shallowly creat
base, crenate, petiolate; cauline leave § reduc ed and gee coming sessile, bluntly toothed or m
less pinnatitd with blunt johes : heads m mane 2-6, rarely 12, orange or reddish, discoid or pane
ith s - involucre 6-8 m «ey its bracts ee ut 21 or about 13, generally suffused with
reddis h purple, at — aboue the "middle: bracteoles inconspicuous or wanting; disk 1-1.5 cm.
wide ; achenes glabro
Alpine and tae a Seated and moist cliffs, Boreal Zone; Alaska and Yukon to Labrador, south to Quebec,
and to northern Vrouing, nor teeny na’ and northern Washington, and throughout the Sierra Nevada of
California. Type locality: Labrad July—Aug.
eplanty rs California eh to be more robust than the northern, more typical forms of the species, with
euinehak as re numerous heads, and more often neonuee i cease forms. Many of the California specimens are
wholly characteristic of S. pauciforus, howev and n nomic segregation seems possible. Not known to me
on
52. Senecio indécorus Greene. Rayless Mountain Butterweed. Fig. 5773.
Greene, Fl. Fran. 470. (Aug Ps | 1897
Ss io tdah Rydb, Bull. i — “ihe 183. 1900.
Senecio p ifl p. fallax Greenm. in Piper, Contr. okey Nat. Herb. 11: 597. 1906.
Senecio p ifl f fallax Fernald, ehndars ah: 225. 19
Fibrous-rooted perennial from a simple or oe Liner caudex, 3-8 dm. tall, glabrous
or lightly floccose-tomentose when young. Leaves tom sigied thin, not succulent, the basal ones
eeatts elliptic or broadly ovate, tapering or subtruncate at the 4 Se se, serrate sometimes in-
cised, petiolate; cauline leaves sharply incised- pinnati, ‘the iad irregularly a gain 1 SOAS,
reduced and becoming sessile upwards; heads mostly 6-40, , discoid or rarely with shor
rays; involucre mostly 7-10 m in, tech i ts bracts 1 mostly about Sf sometimes on ay a8 often sbi
tipped: bracteoles short and i os slg 6-1 wide; achenes glabro
Moist woodlands, stream banks, swales, and a ii go Alaska and Yukon to Aaa ae n Washing-
ea a Wyoming, and a pparently in northern California. Type locality : Pine Creek, Lassen Conner. "Calitoeata.
uly—Aug
It is ‘possible that the ty ype of S. indecorus Greene is merely an aberrant form of S. pseudaureus or a hybrid
males S. pseudaureus and Ee pet and ere he proper name for the species here ‘Aoectibed:i is S. idahoensts
ydb.
33. Senecio pseudatreus Rydb. ~~ Butterweed. Fig. 5774.
Ss io pseud Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 24: 298. (June
.4 io p ifl var. jucundulus Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. aE Mert 1925.
Fibediss rooted perenni a from a short, horizontal or ascending rhizome or caudex, 3-7 dm
tall, lightly floccose-tomentose at first, soon essentially glabrous. Leaves relatively thin, not suc
culent, the basal on eg aeniclote, the blade serrate, tending to be cordate, subcordate, or ‘rut
cate at the base; caging leaves few and progressively reduced oe b ing sessile, more
or less laciniate-pinnatifid at least toward their bases; heads several or disk about
8-13 mm. wide; involucre 5-8 mm. high, the bracts about 13 0 agra 2b hemeenees inconspicuous
or tia rays a ets 6-10 mm. long; achenes glabrous.
Stream banks, meadows, and moist woodlands in aed. near the aang “pu mostly vind aoe Zone;
Hite res Columbia to Caskethewen om to tes atte ornia in the southern Sierra Nevada and i w Mexico. Type
locali e Belt Mountains, Montan
ug.
tpt ar. pseudaureus, as Genarih rnc occurs in our range. The var. pr esr f Greene) Greenm., with
nore eenee aged leaves, replaces the var. pseudaureus in the southern Rocky Mountains and on the northern
reat Plains
34. Senecio paupérculus var. thomsoniénsis eloraaey Boiv. Canadian
Butte 5775
rweed. Fig
Senects mnalinoman ste. Greenm. are Nat. 25: 115. 1911.
. thomsoniensis Greenm. op. cit. 116
Sensei flavovirens var. thomsonien. Li Gee eenm. Ann. Mo. Bot Aap 3: 169. 1916.
enecio pestle var. thomsoniensis Boivy. Nat. Can. 75: 214. 1948,
ook rooted perennial with a rather short, pe or slightly branched caudex, occasionally
with some ng short, slender alin, mostly 2-7 dm. ta ll, lightly floccose-tomentose when young,
soon glabrate except. frequen aati t the base and in the leaf-axils. Basal leaves petiolate, the blade
oblanceolate * elliptic or occasionally suborbicular, crenate or serrate to subentire ; cauline leaves
ors or less pinnatifid, the lower sometimes larger than the basal, the others conspicuously re-
se
and be ing sessile, all relatively thin and not at all succulent; heads eral, the disk
7-12 mm. wide ; involucre 9 mm. high, the bracts about 13 or about 21; bracteoles 1n-
conspicuous 0: re rays about 5-10 mm. long or very rarely wanting; achenes glabrous or
poniunm hispidulou
am banks, swamps, m meadows, moist woods, and ist cliff: tl the foothill d valleys, sometimes
at sone elevations in the mountains, Transition and Canned ‘a ‘ n Zones; louthern Natale tevatathorn Oregon and
western Montana. Type locality: North Thompson River, Deitch Columbia. Ma
The species as a whole ranges from Labeaaor te 0 southern Yukon, entitk to Virginia, New Mexico, and northern
\*
\
it
vill!
SUNFLOWER FAMILY
tl
I
|
Senecio porteri
. Senecio paucifl
Senecio pauperculus
Senecio cymbalarioides
447
448 COMPOSITAE
ens
35. Senecio cymbalaridides Nutt. — Mountain Butterweed. Fig. 5776.
Senecio cymbalarioides Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc ~ es 412, 384k,
ecio onreey var. es realis Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. pod es 442. 1843.
Ss , Pittonia 3: 88. 1896.
Kea acss adewist Howell, Fl. NW. Amer. 379. 1900. Not S. adamsii Cheesm. 1896.
Sealed preteomes Piper, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 11: 598. 1906.
Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 2 190)
Senecio sabsdorfis G nm. Bot. Gaz. 53: 511. 1912
Sen eS ymbelarioides var. borealis Greenm. Ann. NO Bot. Gard. 3: 177. 1916.
brous-rooted perennial from a caudex or short rhizome, 1-5 dm. tall, glabrous or lightly
floccose-tomentose when young. Leaves thickish, somewhat succulent in life, the basal ones long-
petiolate, with mostly elliptic to subrotund tund-obo blade, wavy or coarsely Eendte to
shallow ulate or entire; cauline leaves few and reduced, becomin acaaile Farms somewhat
pinnatilobate, at least to es their bases; heads several or rather many, the 4 mm. wide;
involucre 5-7 mm. high, the bracts about 13 or about 21, rarely only 8; brartéales inconspicuous ;
rays Se mm. long; Siok glabrous.
ands and fairly moist to moderately dry open places in the mountains, Arid Transition and Bor eal
Zones; pire oes Yukor" British oes, and by eb =n to pe aha and New Mexico; common in “the
paket mountains of Orego: n and Washington, less frequent in the Sierra Nevada. Type locality: ‘In Oregon.”
A font characteristic of alkaline meadows in southeastern Oregon and northern California has been
ria = 5. eer i Aivigg but appears to be morphologically indistinguishable from many of the eee
36. Senecio clevelandii Greene. Serpentine Butterweed. Fig. 5777.
Senecio clevelandti Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 10: 87. 1883.
Perennial with 1 or several stems from a — cau ie ex, 3-7 dm. tall, glabrous and strongly
glaucous 7 oe Leaves thick and firm cely veiny, all entire, ‘the lowermost 1-2 dm
long and 5- wide, with finlpiociestite or “clinic "inde equaling or more often = than
: s se
about 13 or it 2b: oe hies small but evident ; rays small, about 5-7 mm. long; achenes
Moist places, generally on serpentine, Upper Sonoran Zone; North Coast Ranges of California, especially in
Lake C cunt Tp locality : Indian aint Lake County. June_J uly.
Sen elandii var. heter6phyllus Hoover, Leaflets West. Bot. 2: 132. Be . Robust plants resembling
ia s. “clevela ndtt but with some me the upper cauline leaves more or less pinnatilobate, especia ae toward -
hase. serpentine in the — of the Sierra Nevada in Tuolumne County, California. Type locality: ne
Chinese bye ly Tuolumne Cour
37. Senecio layneae Greene. Layne’s Butterweed. Fig. 5778.
Senecio layneae Greene, Bull. Torrey Club 10: 87. 1883.
Senecio fastigiatus var. layneae A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 17: 390. 1884.
Perennial with 1 or several stems from a well-developed caudex, 3-7 dm. tall, slightly tomentu-
lose when young, soon essentially glabrous. Leaves rather thick and firm, scarcely veiny, dark
green above, sometimes paler and glaucous oe at entire or with irregularly scattered, sharp
teeth or some of the cauline ones with a Uae arrow lobes; lowermost aap well developed and
more or less Sateen cm. ao wide, the oblanceolate or aehosha e elliptic
blade tapering to a petiole often as lon segs alles | eae es progressively reduced and less petiolate
upward, the u upper idten slightly ecpahded - the seperti or subsessile base; heads relatively large,
5-19 in an open inflorescence, the central one commonly overtopped by the lateral ones; dis
1-2 cm. wide; ifoluc re 9-12 m m. high, the bracts conse about 2 or sometimes only 13,
relatively broad and a n some a them partly connate; pest few but well developed =
often almost like the Pets or none; rays few, commonly 5 or 8, showy, nities mostly 1.5-2 cm.:
longs achenes glabrous, 4-5 mm. long.
y banks in the Bias O douglasii belt; foothills of the Sierra Nevada, Eldorado County,
Cc aitettion May
38. Senecio fléttii Wiegand. Flett’s Butterweed. Fig. 5779.
Senecio flettti Wiegand, Bull. Torrey Club 26: 137. 1899.
na ennial fro finde tee branching, rhizomatous caudex, 0. 5-2(4) dm. tall, glabrous
ohoat: or with: a litt icuous, persistent, tawny, floccose tomentum at the base and
in the: leaf-axils. Basal foes wel developed and ersistent, up t a ie ¢ m. long (including the
well-developed petiole) and =7 hogou mostly pinnatifid or ivpate-qnnminid the broad segments
again toothed or lobulate, vary casionally simple, cordate, and merely palmately lobulate
as in S. bolndcH and S. harfordi; cau leaves few and much reduced, with mostly narrower
segments than the basal leaves, tem erage ne: : ral in compact
cymose cluster ; Eivcluces 5-9 mm - high, gla piace the bracts about 13 or sometimes only 8;
bracteoles — ext well Sager or wa sapeorss rays lt mm. long; pa glabrous.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 449
39. Senecio harférdii Greenm. Cascade Butterweed. Fig. 5780.
Senecio harfordit Greenm. in Piper, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 11: 597. 1906
similar to S. bolanderi but with somewhat thinner, = more evidently lobed leaves
and bok Bess nate heads, the glabrous ‘alba sean 4-6 mm. high.
Moist rocky woods and banks, Humid Tran sition Zone; Cascade region phe southern Washington (Skamania
County) to southern Oregon, cepecistly in and oe ie a: Columbia eens ; also, less coramaly, in the Willamette
Valley and Oregon Coast Ran ell back from the ocean. Type locality: Cascade Mountain s, Oregon, presumably
n the Columbia Gorge. May a a RA
40, Senecio bolanderi A. Gray. Seacoast Butterweed. Fig. 5781.
Senecio bolanderi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 362. 1868.
Perennial from a gen ching A chia mostly 1-6 dm. tall; herbage glabrous or with a little
inconspicuous, persistent, tawny, floccose tomentum at the base and in the leaf-axils. Basal me
well developed and persistent rather ick and firm, petiolate, the blade commonly c orda te,
ng and wide, gen i e lo
: olucre 5-8 igh, the
about 13 to about 21, habe neatly with few s loose, conspicuously multicellular hairs and
often with a few well- developed, iiss gros Hy rays 6-12 mm. long; achenes glabrous.
Bluffs, woodlands, and beaches, Humid Transition Zone; along the coast from the saprawt of the Columbia
River to northern Calitoenta (ikeetiing County). Type locality : near Sadccins City, California. June-July.
dii 5779. Senecio flettii
a777. 5 io clevel
5778. Senecio layneae 5780. Senecio harfordii
450 COMPOSITAE
41. Senecio bréweri Davy. Brewer's Butterweed. Fig. 5782.
senere abdontte eAUBee claw a: E16,
var. ractus Greenm. pay Mo. Bot. Gard. 4: 31. 1917.
Leafy-ste — gies with solitary stems from a short c —— mostly 4-8 dm. tall;
herbage eoeiainiiy glabrous or with a little si istent tomentum aut e axils. Leaves thin, all
pinnati the large ower ones “generally lyrate, with enlarged, ro terminal seg-
t to 10 c ong and 8 r ir
rge n e stem thus e€ i
several or rather many in a corymbiform noi ping relatively large; the glabrous involucre
mostly 7-11 mm. high, “i ecadl | bracts about 21 or sometimes only 13; i baarnples few and small
or wanting; disk 1-1.5 cm. wide; rays el 15 mm ge achenes glabro
Open or lightly wooded slopes in the valleys and foothills, Upper Sonoran same? matey 7 wate eo
from Contra Costa County to Son Luis Obispo. ‘Counts and in the Tehachapi and Greenh n Mountains, Ker
County. Type locality: Alameda County, California. April-Jun
42. Senecio eurycéphalus Torr. & Gray. Cut-leaved Butterweed. Fig. 5783.
Senecio eurycephalus Torr. & Gray ex A. Gray, Mem. oe Acad. IT. 4: 109. 1849
Senecio austiniae Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 93.
sets sa asenng var. austiniae Jepson, Man ee m Cali ‘ae 1925.
oset J. T. Howell, Leaflets West. Bot. 3:
Pecaiiat with several or stems arising aa a taproot and Lateageets woody caudex,
2.5-6 dm tall ; soe aeat fae thinly tomentulose and often eventually more or less glabrate, or
prasica Oy early- glabra asal or lower cauline leaves well pita ee pinnatifid or pinnately
dissected to merely Sate with sharply toothed segments or rarely merely laciniate-toothed,
iddle € cauli ced and becomi
n
corollas a — 7-10 mm. long; rays 1-2 cm. long; achenes 3.5-6.5 Peas long, ue teal
Dry s, Upper Sonoran and Transition consi fasshers Cascade Mountains in Shas Butte, and
Mo soot Atdel “California, south through the Inner Coast Ranges wag ie Bay. ape Mlecality: Cali-
fornia. April-Jun
43. Senecio multilobatus Torr. & Gray. Basin a eos Fig. 5784.
Senecio neigh Torr. & Gray ex A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 4: 109. 184
s Gr 95;
enecto lync eene, Erythea 3: 22. 1
Senecio meleoaii [var.] wintahensis A. Nels. “ee Torrey eee 26: 484. 1899.
Senecio wintahensis Greenm. Monog. Gatt. ol: 24.
Senecio stygius Fr es — Bot. 2-2 ee
Senecio prolivus Gr . Ann. Mo. aes . 914.
Senecio souibligtiics +i var. i oe oe aty gre) Fi. - ae 1154, 1925,
Perennial, sometimes rather a ort-lived, with 1 or several stems arising from a short oot
which is esol surmounted by a short F ckod caudex, 1-5 dm. tall; herbage thinly oie
nd often eventually glabrous or sg glabrous from the first sal leaves well developed, pin-
natifid ften lyrate-pinnatifid, commonly with toothed segments, up t u cm. lo’
wide; ca leaves more less reduced but still generally fairly well developed,
o ore dissected than those below and less often lyrat ds 1 nly rather
numerous, 1 medium-si he disk com ‘ ; involucri
igh, the bracts about 13 or rai 21; bracteoles small and inconspicuous or w ; dry
Sag rhe) about 4.5-7.5 m ong; rays 5-10 mm. long or occasionally wanti ‘ie vachenes
3.5 m. long, glabrous or "hispida lous.
Dry o . aces in the deserts and sokole. sometimes extending to high elevations in the drier southern
mountains, Arid Transition a Sonoran outhwestern Wyoming to western Texas and ba Mexico,
west t gon, northeastern Cotten Nevada, and os — south of the Sierra Nevada
Type ape sea ‘on the Uintah | River | in the interior of California.” April—Jul
44. Senecio jacobaea L. Tansy Ragwort. Fig. 5785.
Senecio jacobaca L. Sp. Pl. 870. 1753.
Biennial or rather short-lived perennial with a poorly developed to evident taproot; stems
solitary or 22% ral, erect, simple up to the inflorescence, 2-10 dm. tall; pubescence thinly floccose-
tomentose but evanescent and generally nearly or quite wanting 2 "flower ing time, except fre-
quently in the I scence. em ves equably gion garee mostly 2-3 _— pinnatifid, about 4-20
cm. long and 2-6 cm. wide, the lower petiolate and often deciduous, upper get sessile ;
heads several or rather nu merous in a short ee sloresteaae the ‘dis k about 7-10 mm. wide;
involucre beige 2 tes cake lade ie its bracts about 13, over 1 mm. wide, generally dark-tipped ; ng tne
narrow rather well developed ; i co mmonly about oe mostly 4-10 mm. long;
ae of the d tisk pita minutely Ske ca. those of the rays glabro
nm pastures and other sete hs situations; native of Europe, now unions in rug of the United
States and Bee god bee becomin ape He = seed west of the hae Sa Mo Rin n Oregon and Washington
Poisonous to livestock. northern California, ee
SUNFLOWER FAMILY
. Senecio bolanderi
. Senecio breweri
2 hal
. Senecio multilobatus
. Senecio jacobaea
a 4 34, 4
. Hen
451
452 COMPOSITAE
45. Senecio califérnicus DC. California Butterweed. Fig. 5786.
Aen oh dedwad DC. Prod. 6: 426. 1837.
larior DC. loc. cit.
Senec coronopus Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 413. 1841.
Gre e, Bull. Calif. es ‘ee be @
Senecio calitaicuiias var, a haces Greenm. Ann. Mo. Bot. Gard. 2: 590. 1915.
Taprooted annual, glabrous or 5 cies seh a 0.5-5 dm. tall, simple or branched.
Leaves senile (or the ‘lower etic ate) and more or less clasping, subentire or more often co oreriatid
toothed to pinnatifid or even subpinnatifid, Somnethnies broad-based as in S. mohavensis, sometim
narrower and sass aed Hears S. aphanactis, 1-7 cm. long and up to 3.5 cm. wide; heads
several in i itary in sm i i
nflor ce 513. mm. wide; involuc
m. high, the principal | bracts about 21 or sometimes only 13, usually minutely black-tipped;
rays ell developed an nspicuous, aeenonly about 1 cm. long; achenes strigillose-canescent.
Sandy and Pa oils, i n Zones; sand dunes along 2 ee of California from Monterey County south
to nort tbern ae ower California, geet in dry, open, often sandy places farther inland (east to Kern and Tulare
Counties). Type locality: California, Feb. —May
46. Senecio vulgaris L. Common Groundsel or Old Man in the Spring.
Fig. 5787
Senecio enue Sp. Pl. 867. 1753.
mple or strongly branched annual or winter annual with a more or less evident taproot; stem
i die. tall, leafy throughout ; herbage sparsely crisp-hairy or subglabrous. Leaves coarsely and
0 i a 2-10 cm. long and
“9 wide
5-8 mm. high, the principal bracts gat ghost 21, often black-tipped ; ieaetouten anes but well
developed, evidently black-tipped; pap very copious, equaling or generally surpassing the
corollas ; achenes strigillose- hirtelions thiefty along the a oa
Seen in a ee soil and wa places; native oot the Old ioe rd but now widely distributed throughout
most te the temperate zone; pe ale wast of the Cas ade Mountains and Sierra Nevada than elsewhere in our
ea. Type tocatty: Barone. Flowering nearly the year gee un
47. Senecio mohavénsis A. Gray. Mohave Groundsel. Fig. 5788.
S i h sis A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 12: 446, 1884.
Taprooted annual, 1.54 dm. tall, freely branched, the herbage wholly glabrous. Leaves sessile
(or the toa chaos! subpetiolate) aad cordate-clasping, ovate to broadly oblong, 2-6 cm. long, 1-4
. wi i oothed ; nde
ed : mm. hig r
few and small, not evidently black-tipped; pistillate flow with very much pa eet and incon-
spicuous be or wanting; pappus copious; achenes still: -canescent.
Desert washes and flats, Sonoran Zon nes; Panamint Mountains of California south to western Arizona and
nicl. peeeary Type locality: Mojave region, California. April-May.
48. Senecio sylvaticus L. Wood Groundsel. Fig. 5789.
Senecio sylvaticus L. Sp. Pl. 868. 1753.
Annual weed with a more or less evident taproot ; stem about 1.5-8 dm tall, g ee
ubescent sp
up to the inflorescence, leafy throughout ; herbage sparsely or moderate ly pu
loose hairs, scarcely or not at all glan ular. Leaves all more or less pinnatifid and irregularly
toothed, commonly 2-12 cm. long - m. wide; heads s or nume t 0
ide ; involucre about 5-7 mm. high, the rather narrow, 1—2-nerved bracts mostly abou
13; bracteoles inconspicuous or wanting, not blac -tip ra y much uced incon-
spicuous, less than 2 mm. long; pappus very copious, equaling or surpassing the slender disk-
coro 5 ak achenes strigillose-canescen t.
taps in disturbed soil and waste places; native of E urope, introduced in parts of the United States and
Can n our region lene confined to the area west of the Coen — in Oregon and Washington and
weer re ae Great Valley in California. Type locality: Europe. June
+9. Senecio aphanactis Greene. California Groundsel. Fig. 5790.
Senecio aphanactis Greene, Pittonia 1: 220, 1888.
Taprooted slender annual, simple or branched, 0.5-2. f dm. tall, slightly serge in the in-
florescence, otherwise essentially glabrous. Leaves sessile, small, 1-4 cm. long and 1-12 m. wide,
oO. oothed or (espe he
rved; bracteo g or incon ack- ;
ced and inconspicuous, barely or scarcely nO the papp ; gpa: copious,
shout eq lice ee slender disk-corollas : ichinies seraste ate Bose-catesce ag:
- ) —— places, Upper Sonoran Zone; in the California cs Ranges and on adjacent jr Esc San
Abe y to northern Lower Pe oe Type locality: Mare Island, San Praciien Bay. Feb.—March.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 453
5789. Senecio sylvaticus
790. e - ph sui eiae
5787. Senecio vulgaris
5788. S i h
50. Senecio mikanioides Otto. German Ivy. Fig. 5791.
Senecio mikanioides Otto, Allg. Gartenz. 10: 168. 1842, nomen subnudum; ex st Ps op. cit. 13: 42. 1845.
Glabrous perennial se Mion agit mbin a m. or more. Leaf-bla
thin, somewh y-like, cordate, sharply lo apr ip ec Oe cm. ae and about as wide ; sctiotes
about as long ‘lad s or pa those of the lar aves ‘A only 2
stipule-like appendages at the base; heads borne in small, condensed, pedunculate, corymbiform
usters, small and few-flowered, the disk only abou ide; involucre 3— gh I
bout 8; rays wanting; achenes glabrous
shorter than the ek the principal bracts commorly a
Along streams an il * near the coast of California from
of South ARICA. gi gn lity: horticultural specimens. mistakenly thoug
origin. Jan.—March.
Al Bala and Marin Counties southward; sere
ht to have been of probable Mexic
454 COMPOSITAE
111. CROCIDIUM Hook. FI. Bor. Amer. 1: 335. 1834.
Heads radiate, the rays pistillate and often fertile, yellow. Involucre a single series of
rather broad, herbaceo ous, equal bracts. Receptacle poe conic, sia Disk-flowers
n
basal, entire or few-toothed leaves and ne er small, long-pedunculate heads. [Name a
diminutive derived from the Greek croce, loose thread or wool, referring to the persistent
axillary tomentum. ]
single species, of doubtful affinities.
1. Crocidium multicaule Hook. Spring Gold. Fig. 5792.
Crocidium persian Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: per 1834.
Crocidium eli el e St. John, Torreya 28: 74. 1928
cate, eenerall several-stemmed ue up to 1.5 or rarely 3 dm. a bearing loose tufts
ra :
c
naked-pedunculate, solitary at the ends of the simple unbranched stems; rays 5-13, typically 8,
4-10 mm. long, fertile or sterile, Peet ali subtended by the thin and. m embranous involucr al
bracts, these 3-7 mm. long; disk ‘about 1 cm. wide r les
and plains, cliff ledges, and other dry open ehia at lh Na Worcs pense and Transition sons
the 9 ale trough from southern Weneoucer Island to southern Oregon, extending eastward along and near the
Columbia River to the oor of the Blue Mountains in Walla Walla Coane, Washington, ch oe County,
; n t i ton, and
112. PETASITES [Tourn.] Mill. Gard. Dict. abr. ed. 4. 1754.
Heads radiate or discoid, subdioecious, the flowers in the female heads all or nearly all
pistillate | and fertile, with or without rays, thos ose in the male heads chiefly or entirely her-
aph
divided or nearly so. Achenes linear, 5—10-ri ; pappus of numerous capillary sph
elongating in fruit, that of the sterile flowers more or less reduced. More or less w
tomentose or woolly perennial herbs See large basal leaves, merely biactedte stems (the
ae apoio | and several or numerous medium-sized, purple, white, or rarely yellowish
hea 1 ame from the Greek Reais. a road brim ne ae Selene to the large basal
re
s of about 12 species, native to the cooler parts of the northern hemisphere. Type species, Tussilago
pene ay ie Petasites hybridus (L.) Gaertn., Mey. & Scherb.)
Leaves evidently lobed, varying to rire few-toothed with 5-15 teeth on each side; chiefly in ~ escae region
and westward (and in the California Coast Ranges). gidus.
Leaves varying from merely a little wavy and Siow ion to more commonly consicwouy, Fes =e
20-45 teeth on each side; northeastern Washington northward and eastward. . P. sagittatus
1. Petasites frigidus (L.) Fries. Sweet Coltsfoot. Fig. 5793.
Tussilago frigida L. Sp. a 865. 1753.
Tusstlago corymbosa R. Br. Chior. Melv. 21. 1823.
Nardosmia frigida Hook. FL. mi ioe 1: 307. 1833.
Nardosmia corymbosa Hook.
Petasites frigidus Fries, eat Veg. s acel d. 182. 1845.
Nardosmia frigida var. corymbosa sa Herder, Bull. Soc. es atch Nat. Mosc, 38: 372. 1865.
Petasites corymbosa Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 37:
Petasites warrenti St. — meeps Sacha St: nas Wash, ‘ 109, 1929.
Petasite tig us var. ionaaiing se Ate iens 48: 123. 1946.
Per asal leaves expanding with or shortly after the flowers,
bier geet anon or or glbrate ab above loosely cl gaarst ew beneath, sometimes eventually
glabrate, of various sizes up to 1. 5 or rarely 2 dm. wide, coarsely few-toothed or very shallowly
pinnipal y Siig: a em erec s "1-5 dm. tall, with @ approximately or imbricate parellel-
veined bracts most mostly 2.5~6 cm the upper
yr and more pth heads several or rather numerous in a corymbiform or
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 455
racemiform inflorescence, campanulate ; involucre about 5-9 mm. high; flowers whitish, the pistil-
late with short rays.
Typically in tundra and moist subalpine meadows and bogs, Boreal Zone; circumboreal, extending south into
the high mountains of southern British Columbia and, in a form approaching var. nivalis, to the Wenatchee
i ntains of Lapland.
Mountains of Washington (where found at low elevations). Type loc April—June.
Petasites srigitvs var. nivalis (Greene) Cronquist, Leaflets ae Bot. (? 30. 1953. (Pet nivalis
apr "Pittonia 18. 1889; P. vitifolia Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1: 180. 1906; P. hyperboreus Rydb.
N. Am 34: 312. 27.) Leaves Lars wey poe — and veined, seldom more than 2 dm. wide, seldom
spidastbe, wider than long, the saangced seldom (though s metimes) extendi re th half way to the base;
short, slender, callous teeth few or wanting. Mostly: in Comate and Alaska extending southward at high altitudes
to th ympic ° ns of Washington and the Cascade Mountains of northern Oregon, and to northern Mi
ntai
nesota. Type locality: Mount Rainier, Washington. July—Aug.
Petasites frigidus var. palmatus (Ait) Cronquist, pay 48: 124. 1946. | oe nd — Ait.
Hort. ein 3: 188. 1789; Nardosmia palmata Hook. FI. Amer. 1: 308. 1833; N. —— utt. Trans.
Amer. Phi oer Hog: — 1841; N. Pigida var. palmata Peden Bull. Soc. Impér. Nat ose. “st 372. 1865;
Potasites plan Gray, Bot. Calif, 1: 40 SH xe ciosa Piper, Ma 2:97. 1901.) Leaves pal
mately lobed card veined, | very large (u up t 4 dm. wide), tending to be broader than long, the lob
monly extendi ord bs least half way to the seo wees much deeper; short, slender, callous teeth rather freely pro-
duced in additi to ike larger = Stream banks, boggy ground, and moist woods, Foun: the lowlands to
moderate cleveisnds in the mounta r he sa oc tal in Canada bu : a southern than the other ben
gee ae Yukon, and sarang Ti south to Secu hanieiar: Michig and Minnesota; in our area occur
a a e Cascade Mountains in D Wasbieeter and Oregon mie Peskendi ing south in the California Coast
Rane pig ral erey County. Type locality: Newfoundland. Feb.-May
5793, Petasites frigidus
5794. Petasites sagittatus
5791. Senecio mikanioides
5792. Crocidium multicaule
456 COMPOSITAE
2. Petasites sagittatus (Banks) A. Gray. Arrowhead Coltsfoot. Fig. 5794.
Tussilago sagittata Banks ex Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 531. 1814.
Nardosmia sagittata Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 307. 1833.
Petasites sagittatus A. Gray, Bot. Calif. . 407. 1876.
Similar ar to ug Ue ds but the basal leaves merely dentate, with 20-45 wae on Nai side or
even, especially i mall ce chet te: pinnipalmately veined, cordate or more commonly sagit-
tate, sometimes re he 30 cm. long and 25 cm. wide; bracts of on as areal tie aan and
narrower, more often with abortive blades
Wet places, Boreal Zone; Alaska to Pabvatoe south to northeastern eqninate: in Okanogan County, north-
ern Idaho, Montana, and Colorado. Type locality: Hudson he April-June
113. PSATHYROTES A. Gray, Smiths. Contr. 5°: 100. 1853.
Heads discoid, the flowers all tubular and perfect, yellow, often turning purple in age.
Involucral bracts ‘biseriate, the outer more he rbaceous and often a little shorter than the
inn e€ c
. Cc <
tened, truncate or nearly so, minutely penicillate. Achenes hairy, mo ss turbinate,
subterete or angled; pappus of relatively few and short, rather firm, capillary bristles.
Strongly odorous annuals or ac cprrp ae with alternate (or all basal), petiolate, small but
relatively broad leaves. [Nan poe transliteration of the Greek word for brittleness,
reteerene to the pe stems oer bra
A ge 4s native to the deserts is drier mountains of southwestern United States and adjacent
es lig =— spe 2 ig Balbostsiis annua Nu
Psathyrotes, Peucephyllum and so AG small southwestern genera have customarily been excluded from
the Heliantheae (Helenieae) because of “th eir capillary pappus, and referred to the Senecioneae instead, Their
relationship to the main bulk of the Senecioneae is doubtful, however, and further investigation of the affinities
oO ese genera is well warranted.
Outer sayernerss bracts relatively broad, more = ee oblong-obovate, the expanded green tip commonly 1.5-3
mm. wide; plants shortly = as well as 1. P. ramosissima.
Outer pivblaeeat bracts relatively narrow, n elady ae commonly a little constricted at ~ Kit the —
the slightly expanded green tip cpeneally 0.4-1.3 mm. wide; plants scurfy-pubescent, vidently woolly.
2 nnua,
1. Psathyrotes ramosissima (Torr.) A. Gray. Velvet Rosettes. Fig. 5795.
etradymia ramosissima Torr. in Emory, —_ re wie 145. 1848.
Psathyrotes ramosissima A, Gray, Proc. Am cad. 7: 363. 1868.
Winter annual, or in any case te ah er and subdichotomously much branched,
the stems up to about 15(20) cm. long; herbage scurfy-pubescent and eviden tly short- woolly as
: es b
uc hi
aling or a little shite thas the i inner, relatively broad, more or less oblong-obovate, the ex-
peuded green tip oe only 1.5-3 mm. wide and often turned back; corollas long- hairy above,
yellow Ww, piten turning since A in age; achenes dehenny long-hairy ; pappus ulvous
Dry, open, often sandy places in the deserts and desert mountains, Sonoran Zone es; Colorado and Mojave
Viasiete of souther n California south to Lower California, east to southwestern Utah, western Arizona, and northern
Sonora; rarely ex sterie as far north as Reno, Nevada. Type locality: “Hills bordering the Gila” [River, Ari-
zona]. March— May, and sometimes annie in the fall or winter. Turtleback.
2. Psathyrotes annua (Nutt.) A. Gray. Mealy Rosettes. Fig. 5796.
Bulbostylis annua Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. s 179. 1848.
Psathyrotes annua A. Guay. Smiths. Contr. 5°: 100. 1853.
Annual or winter annual, resembling : ramosissima, differing chiefly in the characters given
in the key
Dry n, often sandy or alkaline places, Upper Sonoran Zone; typically at somewhat higher elevations 0
farther jie than P. ramosissima, apparently rare in bir saadenrt southwestern Idaho to southern Utah, a oh
Nevada, northwestern Arizona, and the Mojave "Sond n California, and reputedly to Sonora and Low i
fornia. Type locality: ‘Rocky Mountains, near a Fe” but pease oe 9 actually taken farther west. May
114. LUINA Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. III. 2: 35. 1876.
Heads discoid, the Pion all perfect and fertile, yellow or yellowish. Involucre a
single series of rather firm, equal, sca arcely herbaceous to subherbaceous bracts. Receptacle
nak thers Gorin to an entire or minutely sagittate base. Style-branches flattened,
externally merely papillate or papillate-puberulent, with broad, introrsely marginal, stig-
matic lines and a thickened, very short and blunt, papillate appendage. Achenes promi-
nently several-nerved; pappus of numerous capillary bristles. Perennials with simple,
entire to deeply cleft, ahetars leaves. [Name an anagram of /nula.
The genus consists of the following 4 habitally very different but thel llied , all natives of the
Pacific States and British Columbia. T Type species, a fae eyneleace Benth rece
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 457
ma”
Wy Ih
My)
5795. Psathyrotes ramosissima 5796. Psathyrotes annua
Leaves palmately cleft; heads large, the disk 12-40 mm. wide, the flowers numerous (more than ~
. L. nardosmia.
Leaves Phage ot slightly toothed; heads smaller, the disk mostly about 1 cm. wide or less, the Pa less than 30
ad.
Inflorescence cy a Peet icce or “> apace leaves white-tomentose on the lower surface; stem rather
equably ; basal leaves wantin
roa mee s petiolate, narrowly elliptic or agg ey 7-13 cm. long (petiole included), five to eleven
mes as long as wide; involucre 8-10 mm, high, Bryon of a ge em, 18) pied aoa
a t 15-29- (averaging shear D1-) flow eral: Grant Cou Ore
Leaves all —, rather broadly elliptic or ping 2 wy eae a - ad one-half to ead aad? one- whalf
times as long as wide; involucre 5-8 m pbigh, _ composed af pre: t 8-10 bracts fas na about gal
averaging 13-) flowered; Cascade Mo sietiiath hypoleu
pinot = gate, thyrsoid-racemiform; leaves gla ice Mas peeks 1 ana lowermost wee ones large and
persistent, the middle and upper ones phar ciel a “reduced; involucral bracts mostly about 5 or 6
and - poi about 5 in each head. 4. L. stricta.
1. Luina nardésmia (A. Gray) Cronquist. Cut-leaf Luina. Fig. 5797.
Cacalia nardosmia A, Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 361. 1868.
Adenostyles nardosmia A. Gray, op. cit. 8: 631
Cacaliopsis na mia A. Gray, op. cit. 19: 50.
mia Cronquist, Vasc. Pl. Pacif. ae S$: 257. 1958;
ood m tall, leafy chiefly toward the base, the middle a
cauline leaves strongly reduced. Principal leaves Lote ek tiolate, with a broad, palmately cleft blade
up t de, the lobes seldom extending beyond the le, commonly coarsely toothed
r again cleft, the teeth or segment tly rather bl aves thinly tomentose e en
young, ge irkee soon glabrate, more persistently but still rather thinly gray-tomentulose a
heads yeloe. above 1 aa in a cory biform inflorescence, r ely large, the Foch get
su
an re sometim n serpentine, Upper Sonoran and_ Transition Zones; Klamath area of south-
Gelere: tacuad and plrreanions ‘Califor rnia and southward rir in ine Inner Coast Ranges to Sonoma County.
Type locality: near the Geysers in Sonoma County , California. April-Jun
ina nardosmia var. glabrata (Piper) Crtuaiil ist, Va ase. “PI. Pacif. Nonk w. 5: 257. 1955. (Cacaliopsis
nardosmia [var.] ¢ rabiaia rae Bull. i hig — 29: 222. 1902; C. nardosmia [subsp.] skate Piper, Contr.
U.S. Nat. Herb. a 594. 19 . glabrata Rydb. N. Neg :. Fl. 34: 316. 1927.) Plants taller and more robust,
. hi :
m
early eath; heads
smaller and more numerous, mostly 5-18, the inflorescence — imes becoming somewhat elongate; involucre
mostly 10-17 mm. high; disk 12-30 mm. wide. Meadows and open woods afone the summit _ the east side of
the Cascade Mountains in Washington and page geal abst oF “the Columbia River in Ore , perhaps irregu-
larly southward in the Cascade Meccntass of Ore ess commonly in the Klamath reeion ge the adjacent
southern Willamette Valley. T ype fresie de Klickitat vised Washington. May—Jul A well- cea geo-
graphical race but not fully Stine
2. Luinaserpentina Cronquist. Colonial Luina. Fig. 5798.
Luina serpentina Cronquist, Vasc. Pl. Pacif. Northw. 5: 257. 1955.
Perennial from a stout, branching, woody base, which may be wholly — and rooting
or may have branches arising as much as 2 dm. fro ae ground, forming clones eral ae
across; stems of the season numerous, ieee & white-tomentose 3-5 bee = tall. gti iy oats
equably leafy. Leaves densely tomentose beneath, t inly so above, lar eola te or narrowly SHictic
entire, acute, the middle and lower ones tapering oy an often ill- defined Salas base 1-3 cm. long,
458 COMPOSITAE
the upper more or less sessile ; leaves five to eleven times as long as wide (petiole included), those
near or shortly below the middle yen —— 7-13 cm. long and 1-2 cm. wide, the upper and lower
gradually reduced; basal leaves - ing; heads ale in a pear Pelee ibe'y. seelpeee re:
rather b ight Zz llow at first later ¢ dull the disk well surpassing t volucre, about wide;
involucre white ape ise m. m. high, composed of 10-17 (chiaine 13) so : Rawes
15-29 abana: about 21) in ee head.
Stee mtine slopes, Arid Transition Zone; Grant County, Oregon. Type locality: Fields Creek, 17 miles
piiibeest of Dasville. Grant County. July.
3. Luina hypoléuca Benth. Little-leaf Luina. Fig. 5799.
Luina a Benth. in Hook. Ic. Pl. III. 2: 36. pl. 1139. 1876.
Luina hypoleuca var. eae Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 9: 206. 1874.
Luina eet AST Rydb. N. Amer. FI. 34: 316.
Perennial from a stout, branched, woody caudex, which sometimes apparently surmounts a
taproot ; stems se flowering st a ier aceous, erect, poate ely leafy, 1-2-headed, 3-11 cm. high.
sal and s eaves narrowed downward into their sessile base by the recurved margins of
oe blade, Por by the impressed and concealed midvein, spatulate or cuneate-spatulate, 4-12 mm.
long, 2-4.5 mm. wide, obtuse or rounded but appearing emarginate or even bifurcate by reflexing
een an
acumina : nat
involucre shorter a broader, the inner phyllaries with more conspicuous, dilated, obtuse, erose,
white tips, the innermost linear ; ret ie parsely puberulous or glabrous; bristles of staminate
pappus s with n sehr reece if at Ao dilated t
Dry ridges of the Coast rid ie Eibied Zone; Josephine and Curry Counties, Oregon, south t
Del Norte and Humboldt ‘pane Ser iterets. Type locality: near Waldo, Josephine County, Oregof. eta Ph
17. Antennaria dimérpha (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray. Low Everlasting. Fig. 5849.
Gnaphalium dimorphum Nutt. Trans. Amer. a Soc. II. 7: 405. 1841.
peaatoner ay dimorpha Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 431 <
Antennaria latisquama Piper, Bull. wenses Club pe 41. 1901, Not Greene, 1905.
Began, cespitose, low perennial from a compac tly pa eetnital caudex, forming small mats,
or subsericeous-tom sie 99 “throughout except on involucre, with ere ct basal leaves and erec 2
few lewtied. 1-headed stems 14(-10) cm. high or heads ee ie in he ‘bot leafy tuft. Basal
1 8-25(-40) m n
bien base, ~5 mm. wi obtu cauline leaves similar, a few often reduced
ones at base of i volucre ; pistillate tate Sindee turbinate, 10-15(-18) mm. high, thinly
oolly at bas c, the ee uter phyllar s ovate or ovate-lanceolate, w with brownish center and acute to
in €
or
whitish, ome to acute or subacuminate, scarious or hyaline tips; pistillate achenes with p
sistent cr of pappus and with body finely puberulous, the hairs bifurcate when pee Bl ef
pula of staminate pappus obscurely if at all thickened upward, barbellate and entire or some of
em forking abov
Dry, open bar and stony slopes, usually Arid Transition Zone; British Columbia and Alberta south
through eastern Washington and eastern Oregon to California (Sitivan eal Glenn Sheypirg Modoc County + sg
throug the Sierra Nevada to Alpine — nty but recurring also in Tulare County; east er Sierra hase da
Mono and oii DA vec gpa sped in the Transverse Ranges of southern ae in Ven ere s Angeles, i Sen
Bernardino C es), east to Cotoratio. Nebraska, Wyoming, and Montana. Type hie bet On the Black “Hits
of the Platte. Se 57 pid Shek —July.
id
5850. Antennaria flagellaris
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 485
18. Antennaria flagellaris (A. Gray) A. Gray. Flagellate Everlasting.
Fig. 5850.
Antennaria dimorpha var. gener Gray in Torr. Bot. bel og oo 17: 366. 1874.
Antennaria flagellaris A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 212.
ants in small tufts or solitary, from a slender caudex, 1-3. 5 cm. high, slender, few-leaved,
1-headed, the base of the plant emitting filiform, purplish, at first erectish and later spreading o
prostrate stolons, these naked, u m. | and bearing a terminal tuft of small, subulate,
ovate- d leaves enclosing a propagative bud by which the plant seemingly propagates chiefly
a bienni Leaves rather closely and fabsbctcoonsaly gray-to tose, the stolons glabrate;
lowermost leaves oblong or obovate-oblong, 6 long, . wide, obtuse, similar to
those in the center of the -buds; inne leaves and cauline leaves narrowly linear-
spatulate, 1 m. g including the peti liform base, 1- m wide: acutish, a few smaller
involucre; pistillate involucre subcylindric to narrowly campanulate, 7—12(-13)
broader, 4-7 mm. high, the phyllaries rane blackish brown, acum e btus
pistillate yo it papillate with nonbifurcate hairs, the ring of pappus deciduous ; he ake of
staminate pappus ba ha upward, secs ner slightly widened or some of them forking above
D line kad’ res BA i Sonoran Zone to Canadian Zone; eastern Washington south es ccatcal
and northea gg ol o and northern Wyoming. aype locality: “Between Spipen [Naches] River
aa the ris fork of the et ae there bial (April-) May—Jul
124. ANAPHALIS DC. Prod. 6: 271. 1837.
ntose perennial herbs with running branching rootstocks; stems equably leafy,
fted. Leaves alternate, the lowest scale-like, the others lanceolate to linear,
in ours)
numerous, in usually small, rounded, cymose panicles, mostly short pedicelled, disciform
me plants composed only
of bristles stently thickened at tip, less so in hermaphrodite flowers in pistillate
head as thers caudate at base, the tails acuminate, those of adinnie anthers connate.
Style of heriiaphroaite eters either undivided or 2-branc , the branches linear, trun-
cate, ee in pistillate flowers the va linear, obtuse, smooth, [Said to be an
ancient Greek name of a plant allied to Gnaphali
A genus of about 30 species, all Asiatic, a single one occurring in North America. Type species, Anaphalis
nubigena DC.
1. Anaphalis margaritacea (L.) A. Gray. Pearly Everlasting. Fig. 5851.
Gnaphalt argarit L. Sp. Pl. 850. 1753.
t R. Br. Trans. Linn. Soc. 12: 818.
Antennaria earperitns a var. ace Gray, agg Acad ‘ila 1863: 67. 1863.
Anaphalis margaritacea A. oc, Amer. Acad. 8 1873.
Anapha lism argaritacea var. su sbalpine A. Gray, Syn. FI oN Amer. 17: 233. 1884.
entalis orn Fl. Fran. 399. 18
g. Bot. pany 12:7; om ) 1906.
906.
Anaphalis sierrae Heller, Muhlenbergia 1: Fm “tTely)
rennial, from slender running rootstocks, the stems usually solitary and simple, 20-80 c
1
high, ray- -tome se Leaves linear ue lance-linear or the lowest oblance oie. 5-15 cm. ne
2-20 m id e and more or less clseying: ere larger triplinerved, earl
or s 2 uo
sisbwatk and fab above a nd persistently ‘tomentose below
heads n nded cymose panicle; involucre subg lo 5-7 m igh, y at
base; shellac ‘with capes ovate and aiane papery, watkserhite tips, the hone sometimes y bigest
ulo
rown; achenes finely hispidu
tates south ie ugh Washington and Oregon to Jgiter mene
Monterey County and in the Sier evada to re County and in the San Be ino Mountains, San
Bernardino County; also from Alaska east to eee and south to Peincsfewsin and to Kansas and the ky
Mountain = Great Basin sige as far south as exico se nd chad rthern Arizona. Native in eastern Asia and
introdu in Europe. Type locality: PY hemg ad i haneriak septentrionali, tug agnbot seen July—Oct.
Var cabin. in foliage, Pata us mainly by vias fallowing ill-defined varieties: var. revoluta Suksd.,
balpi: ow and with rather few broad
in >, glabrate above; va A. Gray,
Bong oy ae pp nes Tig with the oe leaves (mostly
bho ieves narrowly linear, 2-5 mm
1 these woolly above
along the coa
eavi found mostly in the mountains; an
3- 20 1 mm. wide) quickly pe BY ae and bright green above, found more commonly
486 COMPOSITAE
125. STYLOCLINE Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 338. 1841.
Low, slender, erect or diffuse, usually much-branched, woolly ae a small, nar-
row, entire, alternate leaves and small, Surered, leafy- bracted, ovoid to obose, disci-
ao :
orbicular, plane, hyaline tip or on this glabrous except for the pier Cintee: corol-
: . : : ; A
er
flowers hispidulous, truncate or subtruncate. Achenes of pistillate Sats slender]
obovoid or elliptic, smooth, glabrous, few-nerved, slightly compressed or obcompressed,
epappose, bearing the corolla at the symmetrical summit. [Name Greek, meaning column-
bed, from the form of the receptacle. ]
A genus of 7 species, six from western and southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico and one from
Afghanistan. Type species, Stylocline gnaphalioides Nutt.
Receptacular bracts surrounding the Mapibiate flowers ineospicwous, hyaline, oblong or linear, neither qociiete
nor stellately spreading in age; stam e flowers with 2-5 deciduous pappus- Siiatiea (lacking in S. psi
carphoides).
Marginal bract ing th istill fl b lly hyaline-winged tl gl their eA
naphal lioides
se ahaa > bracts enclosing the pistillate flowers with a terminal hyaline appendage, hee sasha not estas
ged or with a narrow wing much shorter than the body of the bract.
Hesiine —— of the outer row of pistillate bracts horizontally inflexed; plants of the San Francisco
_ Bay re 2. S. amphibola.
H f all the pistillate bracts erect; plants of the Great Basin and southwestern deserts.
Plants. loosely: ieaante fro ‘om the toa open; leaves subtending the erences. heads attenuate at apex
and u: onspicuously cusped. . §. micropoides.
Plants aes mrt i from the as dense; leaves subtending the clustered het merely acute and
inconspicuously if at all cuspe . S. psilocarphoides.
Receptacular bracts surrounding the pamients a. conspicuous, rigidly inat rig te, prec TN spreading
in age; staminate flowers epappos . S. filiginea. j
1. Stylocline gnaphalioides Nutt. Everlasting Stylocline or Nest-straw.
. Fig. 5852.
Stylocline gnaphalioides Nutt. Trans. Amer 1h: Soe TF: se sing 1841.
ea: arizonica Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. eagle 2.79.
to diffuse, gray-wooly annual 15 cm. a or less, ride siad much-branched from base or
wn
a
eo
RZ
: 0 a: wri
spreading wing, the whole suborbicular-ovate, obtuse: staminate flowers w
ascending, somewhat thickened bristles ; achenes Bendee straight on inner ‘Side: convex on outer
somewhat compressed laterally.
Dry plains and open B
ter trongly
age, scarious only at the extreme tip; por wb of the pistillate flowers epappose; receptacle flat-
tish, the shai bracts surrounding the fertile and few sterile hermaphrodite flowers longer
than the outer bracts, scarious and less woolly, glabrous above, the achenes papillate and bearing
a pappus of capillary bristles
Adventive from Europe, inpaning common in overgrazed areas; southeastern British Columbia and adjacent
Washington to Idaho and Montana. July—Aug.
127. PSILOCARPHUS Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IT. 7: 340. 1841.
wv oconse-wholly annuals, rp ae except in depauperate specimens, with narrow,
and s
lobed, bluntly muricate. Pistillate flowers numerous (about 20-50), closely imbricate, each
loosely enclosed by and deciduous with its subtending receptacular bract, this obliquely
5859. Filago arizonica 5861. Filago californica
5860. Filago depressa 5862. Filago arv
492 COMPOSITAE
bovoid in outline, somewhat compressed, saccate, reticulate, with sides meeting in the
center, woolly, bearing below the rounded tip on inner side a small, ovate, horizontally
tro m sd f ; es
p ou
receptacular bracts; corollas with slender tube and funnelform or funnelform-campanulate
throat, 4—5-toot “ ovaries abortive, epappose. Anthers Sagittate-auriculate, with short
cute auricles, those of ceibe anthers connate. Style-branches in hermaphrodite flowers
slender, obtuse, hispidulo Name Greek, meaning naked chaff ; erongty explained by
ae all as meaning deuier chaff, in allusion to the membranous pales a
of about 5 species. In addition to the following, one occurs in Chile. Type species, Psilocarphus
PRE Ta Ne utt., as to ya North American plants.
Bracts i etapie a achenes comparatively thickly and loosely —— pov ag ~— : _ long; tomentum of
whole comparatively long and loose; heads larger, 3- five Nes ™ ually
— doce prostrate; leaves mostly 5-15 mm, long; ach 1. P. brevissimus.
nts more or less erect; leaves mostly 12-25 mm. long; achenes a ARG ‘shine or elliptic-oblong.
‘atio
Bracts sont the eres a igre Phage thinly or Sercitd woolly, about 2 mm. long; ienaidieien of meee plant
mparatively close; heads smaller, about 3—5 mm. thick, usually numerous.
Plants closely subsericeous ie: leaves Sale 10-22 mm. long, linear or linear- a ype bag
ellipsoid-cylindric ES OF
Plants — thinly grayish-woolly; leaves 4-10 mm. long, spatulate, oblong (ovate elipticovate. in the
iety) ; achenes obovoid-ellipsoid. . P. tenellus.
- Psilocarphus brevissimus Nutt. Round or Dwarf Woolly-heads. Fig. 5863.
Psilocarphus Palomas Nutt. Trans. eee oe re a. 7: 340. <—s
Sarees globiferus Nutt. loc. cit. Bert. ex DC.
cy wate depicts Reany i in Gay, Fl. chil en 110. 1849; Atlas, Se ‘ “i856
A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. ed. 2. 12:
P il ph var. lied Seosees, FL W. Mid. ee see 1901.
Dwarf, tals whitish-woolly annual, simple and 1-headed or with es ae branches up
Leaves s spatulate to lanceolate, 5-15 mm. long, 1.5-3 m wide, pee babi
: i m an
he he
. is oping more, their enclosing brac — mm } Ong woolly, bearing on
inner “~ near the top an ovate, = rizontally inflexed or ‘ofte scarious pe ell about
0.5 mm. long; hermaphrodite flowers about 6-11; achenes subeyiieaee terete, 1.3-2 mm. long.
Dri vie beds of v pools and moist ‘elke Arid Transition and Sonoran Zones; teil common in eastern
Wishes on, scthees “Idaho, and western Montana and in eastern and southern Oregon ——
through California to second Me: ee California and n eer o Loe California; Fal Chile and Argent
Type locality: ‘Plains "s the Ore; Se a] River, in tiendaiad tracts.”” April-Jul
Petit “hgpomcal brevissimus var tifldrus Cronquist, Research Sead, oar Coll. Wash. 18: 80. 1950. Plants
tending to be er the eaves more prs co linear-oblong; woolly pubescen the heads rather sparse and close;
wiatiione: eeics of of the att many, about 100. In Py same habitat as tee eeeetion ag Conots Alameda
and Santa Clara Counties, California. Type locality: dried vernal pools, Suisun, Sol
2. Psilocarphus elatior A. Gray. Tall Woolly-heads. Fig. 5864.
a oreanens var. elatior A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. ef — 1873.
A. Gray, Syn Fl. N. Amer. ed. 2: 12: 448
-woolly annual 15 ¢ cm. high or less, erect or sometimes diffuse, with few branches, de-
; olaints sometimes 1 cm. high. Leaves oblanceolate or the upper linear or linear-oblong,
ua
: . wide, acute or obtuse, c
arcely narrowed to base ; heads solitary or clustered in the forks and at tips of stem and branches,
mm. thick, usually about half as long as the involucrating leaves ; pistillate —— about 40-50
above , 2.6-3 mm. lon
or more, the receptacular sctape ee loosely woolly especially above ng, bearing
on the inner side below the tip an ovate, horizontal, introrse, scarious appen ndag: £0. 5-1 mm. long;
staminate flowers , their coniiad usually reddish- -tipped; achenes fubelindcie slightly com-
pressed, a mm. long.
Fields and moist places, Tran m Zone; Vancouver Island, om ia. the jeues along the Pacific Slope
to southern Oregon where it nao age sr ak less common in easter ashin, and adjacent Idaho. Type
locality: [Portland], Oregon. Collected by Hall. May—Aug
3. Psilocarphus oregénus Nutt. Oregon Woolly-heads. Fig. 5865.
Psilocarph g Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IT. 7: 341. 1841.
er, much-branched annual at first erectish, becom g diffuse and forming mats up to
25 cm. ac oss, closely sericeous-woolly. Leaves Pik Sor og spatulate, mostly 8— m ,
1 de, gradually narrowed int tiolif base, obtuse or acutish, callotis-apiculate ;
head mostly solitary in the forks and at tips of stem and bra es, 3-5 mm. thick, much surpassed
by the involucrating leaves; pistillat. rs much as in P. tenellus, - a i h head,
what larger, at maturity — 2-2.4 mm. long, the scarious dage rather
t t app
smaller, often borne near the middle of the inner face of the bract, achay hor peeetelts introrse or
deflexed ; achenes more slender, pikeesd-cohaiac terete, 0.8-1. 2 mm. lon
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 493
Dried beds of vernal pools and dry open places, Arid bp icay ae Sonoran Zones; eastern rat
sitaieade Idaho, and eastern Oregon south in the valleys eh the Inner Coast Ranges and the cou s of the
Sacramento and lower San Siiceor vad Valleys, California; also dg ad ‘an of occurring locally in Santa neaae and
San Diego Counties and i n Lower California. Toei ocality: In inundated places ‘‘near the Sn
[Columbia River] one outlet ‘of tie Wahlamet [Willamette 5 Soa: ree robably collected in eastern Ore
according to Cronquist (Research Stud. St. Coll. Wash. 18: 85. fy pai
4 ‘Psilocarphus tenéllus Nutt. et contigs -heads. Fig. 5866.
18
Psil Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 34
Slender, Puke branched, puch floccose- a annual at first often — soon diffusely
spreadin ot mats 5-30 cm. wide, the filiform sntesnages usually lon r than the leav ves.
Leaves pol Se Wai oblanceolate, or ahs or som metimes nearly li : mak long
wide, eee apeiatc, _sradually narrowed ” hedds Be solitary in th
gs
lon umpbacked, rather thinly woolly chiefly above, produced on inner
below rn fem top into an ovate, horizontal, la ynen scarious appendage about . long;
hermaphrodite Sacre 5-6 usually reddish above ; achenes obovoid- ee 0. 6-1. 2 _. long.
Dried beds of vernal pools and dry open Fae aces, gyri <8 ao Zon in is d locali-
ties, Vancouver I Pte a Br oe Columbia, ashingt Ore and w oe Tdahe ber geen ben in
poe Maley Oregon and the Coast Ranges be! Caters dates Catalina Island) and northern Lower Cali-
Cato also abu iat a ee n the Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys, California. Type locality: near Santa Barbara,
ali rte Ma
ocarphus eaaifns var. ténuis (Eastw.) Cronquist, Research Stud. St. Coll. Wash. 18; 88. 1950,
(Poilocarphs ses 7 ion Bot. Gaz. 41: 292. ed iffers from P, gers iagh var. tenellus in having the in-
volucrating | a less extent those of the s aga 2 sy cil si Peake adly oblon
racts aver aging’. saaller chan the name-bearing varie Be:
ng; ieee |
5863. Psilocarphus brevissimus 5865. Psilocarphus oregonus
5864. Psilocarphus elatior 5866. Psilocarphus tenellus
494 COMPOSITAE
128. MICROPUS L. Sp. Pl. 927. 1753.
w, floccose-woolly annuals with alternate, narrow, entire leaves and small, disciform,
l-seriate or pin ag te, our species), enclose in oe as Be tetas, at
u
usually bifid, with slender branches. [Nam eek, is iar small foot, in allusion perhaps
to its likeness on a small scale to Leontopodivon, lion’s-foo
enus of about 5 species os Europe, Asia, and North America. ea species, Micropus supinus L.
oe Micropus californicus Fisch. & Mey. Slender Cottonweed. Fig. 5867.
cropus californicus Fisch. & Mey. Ind. Sem. Hort. Petrop. 1835: 42. 1835.
Micropus erent Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 339. 1841.
subvestitus A. Gray, a Calif. 12.335. 1876,
Guabhaloder pats iaielp Cicene: Mie Bay Reg.
Slender, erect, gray-woolly annual etion m. high, simple or erect-branched, leafy. ——
nearly uniform, line ear to ogi dee olate or sivowly ate, 0.5- 2. 5 cm. lon , 0.7-
wide, acute or acuminate, callous-pointed, sho rtly decurrent, enti ; heads in ba dense, ‘crite
and terminal clusters, at maturity about 3 mm. high an ; ot ; involucre of about 8 green-
s with short appressed w n rat y mm. lon
bearing at apex of straight inner side and ‘thus below the rounded top an erectish beak about 1-1.5
mm. long, flattened and scarious for about its upper half; hermaphrodite flowers ee re sed
pose, not Fameigsal by fi udheular bracts; achenes obovoid, greenish, about 1
und, Upper Sonoran Zone; ici County, Willamette ~ southwestern — wae
Dry
(west s the ony “Nevada) to northern Lower California. Type locality: probably Fort Ross, Sonoma County,
California. April—Jun
129. EVAX Gaertn. Fruct. 2: 393. pl. 165. 1791.
Small, erect, diffusely branched or acaulescent, more or less woolly annual (some Euro-
ves entire, alternate along the stem or clustered beneath the
5
n
a
wn
ae
fl s prod a slender column. Pistillate flowers fertile, several to , in series
on the outer part of the receptacle, each subtneded by a plane or slightly cave, scarious
or chartaceous, rsistent receptacular ct. Hermaphrodite flowe rile (in
e
corolla fili form ; hermaphrodite corolla tubular, the limb somewhat expanded nd 4-5-den-
tate. Achenes smooth or minutely papillose, more or less obcompressed; pappus absent.
[Name of an Arabian chief. ]
A genus of 12 or 14 species, natives of both hemispheres. Type species, Evaxr umbellata Gaertn.
ndaspodigt stoned (rarely 2) in leaf-axils or at ends of branches; upper stem-leaves 4—25 mm. a5
Plan ect; heads
markedly longer than broad, mostly in lea aitts . E. sparsifiora.
roasts tip heads nearly as broad as long, terminal on the bekndies (axillary heads rarely & igen!
acaulis.
Flower-heads clustered (6-20) at apex of stem; upper stem-leaves 4.5-8.5 cm. long. * E. caulescens.
L. ss sparsiflora (A. Gray) Jepson. Erect Evax. Fig. 5868.
rsifilora A, Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 12; 229, 1884.
anit linlicderax var. Fee Gray, loc, cit.
Hesperevax sparsifiora Greene, Fl. Fran. 402. 1897.
Hesperevax brevifolia Greene, loc. cit.
Evax sparsifiora Jepson, FI. W. Mid. Calif. 549. 1901.
Slender, erect or ascending annual 3-10 cm. high, — or usually branched at base, thinly
floccose-woolly. Leaves Gate 5-25 mm. long, 1-6 mm. wide, the blade obovate or suborbi cular,
ice rs
sessile, solitary in the leaf-axils, not whorled-involucrate, or sometimes 2 or 3 at ti em
subtended by 3-4 leaves; receptacle with convex > eee villous base bearing the pistillate ats
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 495
and their bracts, prolonged in the center into a slender cylindric oo (about 1.5 mm. high
about 5 receptacular bracts suttindice
the inner rare pistillate flowers about
t bas e outer o e
3-4 with reddish tips and without ovary, s surrounded by a circle
herbaceous-coriaceous a bracts about 1.
mentose on inner face, glabrous on outer ; achenes prone T) obcompressed, s
ry and hillsides, Upper Aon any and Transition Zones; ae gevisncion in eat ry and Josephine
Counties south to = Lui Chen, , California; alee in the foothills of nen and a sean
Patlarsie. Type penlity: a cifically a ol Be ba bly from the collections made by Bre
the central saneeal counties ot "Cali — April-Ju
Some dwarfed spec to represent 'the variety brevtfolia as originally defined by A. Gray, appear
e ibercactinte se teomany By cpabeliadina nd E. acaulis. The plants are erect but the heads tend to concentrate
the apex of the shortened stem, and fa to the thortnae d a the leaves subtending th 1
ng agp cones Boy concentrated toward the apex of the stem. The leaves are usually narrower than the typical leaves
sparst
5867. Micropus californicus 5868. Evax sparsiflora
2. Evax acailis (Kell.) Greene. Dwarf Evax. Fig. 5869.
Stylocline acaule Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. 7: 112. 1877.
— aca — Gress ote ae 8: 257, 1883; as to name, not as to type.
ax sv . Fl. N
. 12: 229. 1884.
Hesperevax acaulis Greene, FI. Pion: 402. 1897.
e
sacle bracts,
reflex
Dwarf woolly ae on 1 cm. high, acaulescent ba branching from the base, the branches
ing, for more vigor plants. _Leaves rather densely woolly,
re.
n a concealing the ee of the
ed bracts Trending dis stile flowers; achenes yellowish, obovoid, about 1 mm. high.
Dry fields and vernal pools, Sonora
- Sacramento and San Joaquin Valleys and foothills of ‘si ig hea
Hier California, _ olusa Fa i i Santa Clara Type
ered one from Placer County to Fresno County.
ocality: Fresno, Fresno County. Collected by Eisen. Ao
3. Evax cauléscens (Benth.) A. Gray. Involucrate Evax. Fig. 5870.
Psilocarphus caulescens Benth. Pl. Hartw. 319.
Evax —— ens A.
Hesperev
vax involucrata Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 185. (es
849
aie Tore Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 101. pl. 10. 1857.
x caulescens A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 356. 1868.
1. N. Amer. 12: 229. 1884.
Hesperevax humilis Greene, F1. Fran. 401. 1897
Caules
ing beanies chiefly from the base, the
cent or acaulescent, ies capo te annual 8 cm. high or less, ges or with ascend-
tem when present leafy, erect or baer,
wi ecumbent
eads glomerate at pain rged a x of ens and Shcbea nd cons Secale sie eg involucra
tem-leaves similar to the iolecvaine leaves but smaller ; aes a Niaiag the heads asain
496 COMPOSITAE
spatulate, 4.5-8.5 cm. long, 5-17 mm. wide, the blade obovate to arp negn sree pte or acutish,
callous- apiculate, tapering into a petioliform base ally two t imes ong, midvein
scarcely costate, this dilated and indurate at base, brownish and smooth on the inner surface ;
heads subcylindric eae villous at base, 8-20 (less in se eae? sere Wes rowded in terminal
sinha ies 7- thick; details of structure eriey i: ly as in E. spars fons but pr (clgeatision
of —— ied and thicker ; pistillate flowers few, with subtending obovate receptac vaya
bracts, these concealed in the glomerules y the teak mathe: spreading receptacular bracts
circling the wiih oe flowers, these with reddish tips; achenes smooth, sseonasiale
obovoid, 2. Sin sa
Drying are a roe Aine “Sonoran ee Butte County, Heaps south in the Sacramento Valley to
n Joaquin nty i ent Inner Coast nt m Napa Cooks to Alameda County.
ee locality : ey note dos i Valley. “Collected ty Hactwes: ‘April
vax multicaulis DC. Pro 6. hey gear erat the ‘southwest has sia retested in various floras
as growing in the Mojave ioe bien dhee Seas ders of California but no specimens have been found confirming
its occurrence. An ro ast ete specimen eotected by Caden is apparently the nae of the presence of
this name in the floras
Tribe 8. EUPATORIEAE
Achenes 5-ribbed.
Pappus, at evs n part, of awns or Fue
Involuc
e 2-seriate, of subeq seed subherbaceous phyllar 130. Trichocoronis.
Tavebiers imbricated in sev eal series, of dry and lngitinaly striped phyllaries.
Achenes obi § fusiform, distinctly narrowed at apex; arnuals; leaves linear. 131. Malperia.
Ache ou bi nase peiare matic or linear, not sania toward the apex; weniercess or shrubby plants;
not line 132. Ho Aaneesivheg
Pappus of auisied ‘bristi es 0 se 133. Eupatorium.
Achenes 10-ribbed; involucral bracts striately nerved. 134. Brickellia.
130. TRICHOCORONIS A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 4:65. 1849.
Low herbs of wet places. Stems weak, usually ascending or sometimes floating. Leaves
cgi or alternate, sessile, serrate or 3- lobed, thin. Heads small, discoid, cymose-panicled,
solitary. Involucre 2-seriate, subequal, of subherbaceous phyllaries. Receptacle rounded
hi ighly convex, naked. Corollas with slender tube abruptly dilated into the throat,
5-toothed. Achenes prismatic, 5-angled. Pappus a minute setulose crown or of 5 short,
weak awns with srernanee lacerate squamellae. Anthers subentire at base. Style-branches
linear, the linear, see uispidulous appendages equaling the stigmatic portion. [Name
G reek, meaning hai -apex, referring to the pappus
& Peg genus of 3 species, oe the southwestern United States ‘sid Mexico. Type species, Ageratum wrightii Torr.
1. Trichocoronis wrightii sane & Gray) A. Gray. Trichocoronis.
Fi sa 1
Ageratum wrightti Torr. & Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 1: 1848.
Trichocoronis wrightii A. Gray, Mem. Amer. ae ad. IT. * ys 1849,
Trichocoronis riparia Greene Besilies 1: 42. +
Annual, oe or branched from base, the stems ascending to wseaincgpe 11-35 cm. long,
villous ‘with lax many-celled hairs. Leaves below the ingorencence opposite, oblong or rhombic-
oblong, 1-2.5 cm. long, obtuse, sessile and clasping, bluntly serrate, villous on the nerves s beneath ;
heads tiny, choot tm m.h igh, cymose-panicled ; tiiohiere essentially glabrous ; corollas SuEpISh, the
teeth white; a enna hispidulous above, mm. long; pappus- prtaties 5, weak, about 0.4 m
long, sfcitine with minute lacerate squammelae
ihc in wet ground along the Sacramento and pe Joaquin Rivers, California, and at Cienega near
erside Same: also in Texas where it is native. Type locality: “‘Prope flumen Colorado Fexas:
Coheceel by Wright. April—Sept. & 2
131. MALPERIA S. Wats. Proc. Amer, Acad. 24: 54. 1889.
Slender = slightly pubescent, freely branched. Lowest leaves opposite, the others
alternate, linear, entire, sessile. Heads discoid, rather small, numerous, loosely cymose-
icled. “ota about 5-seriate, strongly graduate, the phyllaries chiefly ES to
; : : ; : 0
oblong to obovate, erose, scarious squamellae. Anthers entire at base. Style-branches
linear-clavate, elongate. [Anagram formed from the name of the collector, Edward
almer.]
A monotypic genus of California and adjacent Mexico.
1, Malperia ténuis - Wats. oma or Brown Turbans. Fig. 5872.
Malperia tenuis S. Wats. Proc. Amer. Acad. 24: 54, 1889.
Hofmeisteria tenuis 1. M. Johnston, ite Calif. Acad. IV. 12: 1188. 1924.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 497
Plants tr about 25 cm. high; nye minutely and sparsely strigillose. Leaves linear or
linear-lanceolate, 1. = cm. lo i 1-3 mm. wide, nag ed Soot -tipped, e ntire, revolute-margined,
1-nerved, puber hod : heads n arly cy lindr ric, 1 cm. high; phyllaries scien | puberulous ; corol-
las ochroleucous or w whit ish ; achenes hispidulous on the ike 3.5 mm. long; pappus- -bristles 6 mm
long, ihe squamellae 0.5 mm. lon
In desert washes, Lower ponerey 4 pe! Split Mountain and Carriso Mountain in the Colorado Desert, Im-
pe County, "California, to Lower California and Sonora. Type locality: near Los Angeles Bay, Lower ’Cali-
132. HOFMEISTERIA Walp. Rep. 6: 106. 1846-47.
nts suffrutescent or shrubby, branching. Leaves alternate or opposite, usually fleshy,
Erbe to pinnatisect, the petioles usually much longer than the blades. Heads discoid,
OW ,
outer gee with short Harbaccors tips. saree flat, naked. Corollas all ——
5869. Evax acaulis
rich
5872. Malperia tenuis
498 COMPOSITAE
longer than achenes, of 2-15 bristles, sometimes chaffy-dilated at base, alee ee with
scarious scales, these rae eanee dissected into bristles. Anthers subentire at bas tyle-
branches linear- clavate, e te. [Named for Wilhelm Friedrich Benedict Holes of
Leipzig, eat 1877, batatical morphologis and physiologist. }
Ag of about 6 species, of the southwestern United States and northwestern Mexico. Type species,
A BR ee Bent h.
1. Hofmeisteria pluriséta A. Gray. Arrow-leaf. Fig. 5873.
fermaistere pluriseta A. Gray. in Torr. Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 97, pl. 9, 1857.
; cosa A. Nels. Bot. Gaz. 37: 263
Slender shrub, up to 80 cm. high wich tangled branches, ae pubescent, the bark white.
Leaves opposite below, ‘ibvhale above ; oe 2-6 cm. lon ; blades lanceolate to ovate, acute,
0m h fe
entire or usually sharply toothed, 2- long ; eads nt in pedunculate cymes or cymose
panicles, rarely solitary, about 9 m se high Hie glandular-puberulous, the phyllaries dry,
often purplis h-tinged, striate, at least the r with acute to acuminate, mucronate, spreading,
herbaceous tips ; corolla white ; aaa ae, hispidulous ; pappus of about 12 slender bristles,
sometimes paleaceous-dilated t foward base, alternating with about as many shorter bristles or
Hnear-atent ate scarious squamellae
n desert places, Lower Sonoran ee arene. and Utah to Arizona, southeastern California, and Lower
Calloraie. Type locality : Bill Williams Fork, Ari . Oct.-May
133. EUPATORIUM L. Sp. Pl. 836. 1753.
s or shrubs of varied habit. Leaves usually opposite at least tes commonly
1
petioled and toothed. Heads discoid, many-flowered, never yellow. Involucre 2- —many-~
seriate, equal or gradu as or usually dryish phyllaries. 3 oes cle flat or sapioeoe nak
Corollas all sobiler: 5-toot chenes usually cylindric, 5-ribbed. Pappus of nume rous,
l-seriate, rigid, capillary eines Stamens entire at base. Style-branches elongate, blunt,
bas clavellate. [Named after Eupator Mithridates, King of Pontus, who is said to have
the plant in medicine. }
a very large genus of at least 500 species, chiefly of the —- bbe boi Besides the following, numer-
ous species occur in the Untied States. Type species, Eupatorium bi
Plants not conspicuously if 11 ; heads 8-16-flowered, the achenes glandular or sata Si:
Leave: s chiefly eee: fowers crimson to pink. . E. occidentale.
Leaves opposite; flowers white. : E. herbaceum.
Plants conspicuously glandular; heads 20—30-flowered, th h glab 3. E. adenophorum.
1. Eupatorium occidentale Hook. Western Eupatorium. Fig. 5874.
Eupatorium occidentale Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 305. 1833.
Kyrstenia occidentalis Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 1:9. 1903.
Many- ce oa perennial from a woody 25-80 cm. — the nee re finely in-
curved-puberulous. Leaves chiefly alternate; petiole s 3-15 mm ; blades ovate, 1.8-6 cm. long
usually acute, at ase € :
slightly puberulous beneath ; heads Bf flowered, about 8 mm. high, cr owded in small cymose
panicles terminating stem and branches; involucre 2-seriate, grey 3-4 mm. high, the phyllaries
linear, acute or acuminate, puberulous ; corollas crimson, pale purple or white ; achenes 3 mm. long,
sessile-glan dular.
cam bank and among rocks, Transition and Canadian Zones; Idaho to Utah, western Nevada_and
Was shington 20 south . the mountains of northern Calituriits and in the Sierra Nevada to Tulare County. Type
ete. “On the low hills between the north and south branch of Lewis and Clarke’s River,’’ northern Idaho.
2. Eupatorium herbaceum (A. eked, Greene. Desert Eupatorium.
Fig. 587
? herbaceum A. Gray, ae Contr. 5°: 74. 1853.
Eupator ncciidentals var. arizonicum A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 12: 101. 1884.
Enpetorivs herbaceum Greene, a atl 1901
Eupatorium arizonicum Greene, ai
Opposite-leaved perene, ial, we dm. high, from a woody root, herbaceous or somewhat suf-
frutescent at base, the pee ¢ minutely scaberulous, especially on the upper part. Leaves glabrous
or somewhat poets neath, 1-4.5 cm. long, the petiole 4-11 mm. long, the blade rather firm,
veins cereatnieat on older leaves, deltoid to -g hdelggat- ves acute at apex, truncate or subcordate at
, the margin crenate om at the de inflorescence of short-pedunculate d Aghary
terminal or terminating the upper branchlets "heeds -16-flowered, white, about 5 m igh,
the peduncles es aenichy caberulous ; phyllaries Bd Lip ual in length, ‘coeiaiete: more
or less — 3.5-4 mm. lo sped ewes, hispidu lou the Be
Canyon wana a asi on desert mountains, Upper Sa: moran Zone; Colorado and Utah south to New
Me fe ar Ppt ede aad tee the New York haniiatns ahowg 28 and Clark Mountain : tee s), San Bernardino County,
California. Type locality: Santa Cruz, Sonora. Collecte y Wright. June—
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 499
3. Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng. Sticky Eupatorium. Fig. 5876.
smepteriows glandulosum H.B.K. Nov. Gen. & a 4: 122. pl. 346. 1820. Not E. glandulosum Michx. 1803.
826.
Eupatorium pasadenense Parish, Zoe 5: 75
nace opposite-leaved perennial with glandular puberulent stems 3-10 = . high. Leaf-
blades 3-7 cm. long, slightly longer than the petiole, oh deltoid, iy acute at apex, promi-
nently 3-veined at the base and truncate or somewhat cuneate at the base, the leaf- Boa wa crenate-
dentate from the widest portion of the “pect to ihe nol Siaonceinn ce of compact cymes on
dichotomous peduncles longer than the leaves; heads 20-30-flowered, white, about 5 mm. long:
the i ava Teachers glandular ; phyllaries about 4 mm. long, lanceolate, phe AG puberulent ;
achenes glabrous.
Moist shrubby slopes, frequently escaping from cultivation but not abundant in the Coast Ranges from Marin
and Alameda bapa pee adh Angeles County, California; also introduced in the Hawaiian Islands. Type local-
pril
Eupatorium maculatum bi pg (A. Gray) Breitung, ay Bly “ase 61:98. 1947. (Eupatorium
—- Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am : 96. 1884.) Tall perennial up to 20 dm. high, differing from E. maculatum
in the sharply serrate, more ion ct densely covered beneath with “Aik neceotind. curly hairs. Within our
range, yore he al only in swamps at Sumas, Whatcom County, Washington, but occurring in British Columbia
south to Utah and eastward. Type locality: Fort Collins, Colorado. Joe-pye Weed.
5875
AV te
5873. Hofmeisteria pluriseta 5875, Eupatorium herba
5874. Eupatori idental 5876. Eupatorium ecaelicies
500 COMPOSITAE
134. BRICKELLIA Ell. Bot. S. C. & Ga. 2: 290. 1823.
erbs or shrubs. Leaves opposite or alternate, sessile or petioled. Heads discoid, 3-
oa a small to large, solitary to panicled, white, o saree or purplish. ‘Tne
volucre several-seriate, strongly graduate, the phyllaries ay, conspicuously striate, the
outer herbaceous-tipped. Receptacle flattish, naked. Corollas all me tubular, 5-toothed.
Achenes cylindric-prismatic, 10-ribbed. Pappus of numerous ce pao: & ristles, pert
white. Anthers rounded at base Style-branches linear-clavat Nam 2 ea oO
Brickell, naturalist and physician, a contemporary of i uhtenteee and “Elio
A genus of 93 species, dl = of the Americas. Besides those here described. others occur in southwestern
and southeastern United Stat Type species, Brickellia cordifolia El).
Heads 3—7-flowered, very small
Leaves linear or nade linear-lanceolate, 1-10 mm. wide. 1. B. longifolka.
Leaves —
Lea entire or afi —* — glabrous. 2. B. multiflora.
tana ves serrate; phyllaries puberulous a gs 3. B. knappiana.
Heads 8— Coie Sereret ‘eaeeatly. sade ium or ae
Leaves mostly tt ‘a mm. long or less; intricately branched sonic
. B. frutescens.
— usually dt , larger, sometimes elliptic and entire or suben
Leaves white-tomentose; ied large (2 cm. high or more), solitary, naked- psc AS
5. B. incana.
Leaves green, or else — much smaller and on leafy pedun
Leaves firmly coriaceous, spinescent-toothed; heads poo naked-pedun
cled.
Outer sivaA ee broadly ovate-oblong; peduncles glabrate to finely glandular. a
6. B. atractyloides.
Outer phyllaries ovate-lanceolate; peduncles with dense, short, spreading pubescence.
rie
B. arguta.
Leaves — ony coriaceous ‘Ror spinescent toothed; heads clustered or leafy-peduncled
Outer Harie te tips. 8. B. grandiflora.
Outer pecans: S not v tt te tips
ads ocean clustered in gp axillar 1
Petioles 5-20 mm. long; leaf-blades 1—5 cm. Le not cinerous-puberulous.
So. B. rs i
Petioles 1-3 mm. long; leaf-blades 3—14 mm. long, usually cinereous-puberulou
10:..B. eriave een.
Heads otherwise.
Stem and leaves ig -lanat 11. B. nevinii.
Stem and a ee rary
Heads Skate. bracted. ;
eaves a ally distinctly toothed; he ady numerous, solitary, or in
clusters uf 7 at tips of divergent bracteate branches
Stem and pedicels pilose with wide- apis gland- tipped hairs.
B. microphylla.
Stem and pedicels lanulose with mostly eglandular hairs
13
Leaves mostly elliptic to oval, entire; stems reap Be or penta hana:
heads 1 to many, cymo osely arranged
HW a 4 1 rN * ih ecal
p y leafy-bracted at base.
“14, = ee
15
1. Brickellia ee S. Wats. Willow-leaved Brickellia. Fig. 5877.
. Amer. Nat. 7: 3 1873.
— Shae ae rae Rev. Gen. Pl. * 328. 1891,
Much branched shrub, the stem glabrous, viscid, white-barked. Leaves alternate, the blades
linear or narrowly linear-lanceolate, 2-13 cm. long, mm. wide, pe entire or obs sae
denticulate, gland-dotted, short-petioled; heads abaek: 8 mm. high, 3-5-flowered, in sma sin shor -
peduncled, axillary and terminal, umbelliform cymules, forming a ‘lea fy thyr or involucr
high, the phyllarie: € 10-12, ovate to linear- aa obtuse, dry, Dies eiteia: corollas Thine
achenes hispidulou
Rare on canyon ae and in washes, Sonoran eam southern Utah to northern Arizona and Nevada, and
Inyo County, California. Type locality: southern Nev . Au ug.—Oct.
2. Brickellia multifldra Kell. Gum-leaved Brickellia. Fig. 5878.
Brickellia multifiora Kell. Proc. Calif. a 49. 1877.
Coleosanthus multiflorus Kuntze, Rey. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Branching shrub 5-9 apy ce more a less —s. the stem white, baler ag Leaves ogg
os blades pre eeabee the per narrowly lanceolate, 3.5-8.7 cm. long, 1.2-2.8 ¢ €,
cuminate, entire or obscurely Slentic slate, SL oh Shacks lous, es ee dot ted; phyllaries " Seeat
i 20; heads ic nflorescence much as in B. longifolia, the leaves tanec the flowering
branchlets short
¥ ommon yon slopes and in gravelly or sandy washes, Sonoran Zones; southern Sierra Nevada,
California, mostly on the eastern slopes Sitwnet in the eis ranges to adjacent Nevada. Type locality: Kings
Canyon, She Nevada, Fresno County, California. Aug.—Oct
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 501
3. Brickellia sities Drew. Knapp’s Brickellia. Fig. 5879.
Brickellia knappiana Drew, Pittonia 1: 260.
Coleosanthus saat Greene, "Exythea 1: fe 1893.
Branching shrub, 0.4-2.4 m. high, viscid, somewhat ee, gi stem white. Leaves
alternate fue shades broadly iscealate to ovate, cm. , 1- m. wide, usually some-
serrate, gland-dotted; heads 7 mm. hi 7: Acuered, re - very leafy panicle ; phyllaries
m igh,
pabe alos especially tow ard apex ; achenes hispidulous.
e, along streams, Sonoran Zones; Pana t Mountains, i ne County, and San Bernardino County. Type
PE ag near the Mojave River, San Bo aaetine: C plo Califor
4. Brickellia frutéscens A. Gray. Shrubby Brickellia or Brickellbush.
Fig. 5880.
, abana A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 207. 1882.
Coleosanthus frutescens Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
matic, intricately seh eid low shrub with spinescent branches and whitish Se the Asi
and tacts griseous-tomentellous, sometimes scabrid. Primary leaves (rarely seen) up to 4
long, 1 r , remotely capettanesieath ulate, the others eerie oval, or perry , 3-14
long, obtuse, entire, sessile or short-petioled; heads 1.3-1. sity flowered, solit
at the tips of rather short, amar bracteate peduncles ; involuc e 9-12 mm. high, the setblaada
chiefly linear, obtuse or acutish, ous-puberulous, rise uter with ak sometimes squarrose
herbaceous tips; corollas purple; lente hi ia lou
In desert places ag among rocks, Lower Sonoran Zon edge
mountains in California southward on the P nage pd amare ig ee, ‘of th ne San Pedro Martir
and Esmeralda County Citoane?), Nevada. Type locality: not definitely stated. April—Oct
f the Colorado ey yo ay, adjacent
r California,
5879. Brickellia knappiana
5880. Brickellia frutescens
5877. Brickellia longifolia
5878. Brickellia multiflora
502 COMPOSITAE
5. Brickellia incana A. Gray. Woolly Brickellia or Brickellbush. Fig. 5881.
Brickellia incana A. Gray, Proc. Amer. os 7: 350. 1868.
Coleosanthus incanus ae Rev, Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Much branched shrub, 3-6 dm. high, white- pes on Ae yes Fone ak ane young branches,
the stem glabrate, white-barked. Leaves alternate, ovate, 1-2 cm. long, ac t os sessile,
serrulate to entire, glabrate at length; heads mostly ie at tips one stem pe bra 2-2.
cm. high, about 60- ‘ eee. Breck yee involucre 1.7-2.2 cm. high, the Siehees ie
ovate to linear, obtuse to acuminate, ait ulate; corollas ago whitish or ochroleucous ;
achenes densely a dls hispidu lou
shes and canyon bottoms in the a ert, Sonoran Zones; midi pndag California, in the Death Valley
south through oe. Mo} ave Danesh to Riverside County; also s vada and western Arizona. Type
= nc ha eid Mountains, San Bernardino County, California Mas
6. eee atractyloides A. Gray. Spear-leaved Brickellia. Fig. 5882.
Brickell tyloides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 8: 290. 1870.
s Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Coleosanthus webilesak: Nels. Bot. Gaz. 37: 262. 1904.
Low, leafy, branching shrubs with white- barked, rather stiff branches and flexuous es
branchlets. Leaves a ternate, short-petioled or subsessile, the blades 1-2.5 cm. lon ng, ovate
narrowly acute to acuminate at the spinescent apex, spinescent-toothed on the margin, écHaviinas
i ] i icu ; heads a i
bright green and gla , conspicuously reticulate d t 50 er several, solitary
on the s of the —- ts, 13-16 ; peduncles naked, glabrate or finely glandular
below the heads; the o r phyllaries broadly ovate- cies , resembling t eaves in texture,
14
loose, entire; the dite er "phyllines finder. acuminate, stramineous ; corolla white or yellowish;
achenes hispidu lou
Rocky hillsides ae slopes, sepa Upper Sonoran Zone; southern Nevada and Utah to eastern Inyo and
San Bernartinn Counties, Californ and Yuma County, Arizona. Type locality: “Utah, near the Rio Colorado.”
Collected by Palmer. March—Sep
7. Brickellia eu Robinson. copes Spear-leaved Brickellia. Fig. 5883.
Brickellia arguta Robinson, Mem. Gra — Herb. 1:
17;
mbar ‘atractyloides w we hells n, Man i i Cali, 1015. 1925,
Blak a ieiticy Gants U.S. Nat. Herb. 23: 1483. 1926.
Low, branchin pros closely resembling B. atractyloides in general appearance, densely
spreading- bixtellous with mostly gland-tipped ie n the leaves, involucre, and young bra sche
the stem glabrate, white-bar ae eaves alternate, tsa the blades ovate, 1-2
a : Mh : :
e veins om
flowered, solitary at tips of branches, the naked e densely glandular- puberulen nt with
spreading hairs; involucre 1-1.3 cm. high, the Gilteriioat” phyllaries usually rigid-herbaceous,
more or less puberulent with spreading hairs ercenialy at the base, lanceolate to ovate, rather loose,
entire or bist se with 1 <2 s mall teeth ; the inner phyllaries linear or lance-linear, acuminate ; corol-
idu mr s.
On desert slopes and washes, Lower Sonoran Zone; western ey a ox: Colorado Deserts, California, from
the Death Valley fasion in Inyo Co ounty ebathe % northern Lower Californ Type locality: not stated. May—June.
Intergrading for ms are to be found on the eastern limits of Gisteitution which show strongly the close rela-
= ~ — S$ species with B. atractyloides
Bri arguta var. odontélepis Taine (Mem. Gray Hes 917) differs from B. arguta var.
arguta in 4 pen phyllarie petted are broad 7 conspicuously oi ek Valley tsb 8 ole ideaty, Cali-
season Eoin: 2aar, 37 31). ‘ied southern Colorado Desert, Teter County, cing to the San Felipe Desert
inn eastern Lower California. Type locality: gf ie Desert. Collected by Ore
8. Brickellia grandiflora Nutt. Large-flowered Brickellia. F ig. 5884.
Eupatorium? grandifiorum Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 26. 1834.
Brickellia grandiflora Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 287.
dhgasian erent fons var. —— ris A. Gray, Proc. Amer. ia 7. er 1882.
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328
a ueaakie practiipes Greene, Pita rs ma?
Herbaceous perennial 2-7 dm. high, from long, eh maski. fusiform roots, the stem
simple or branched, incurved- -puberu lous. Leaves chiefly alternate; petioles 1-7 cm. long; blades
g
scab
flowered, nodding or erect, mbelliform clusters at tips stem and branches; involucre
8-11 mm. high, the outer phsllaries with eennnty BA ee tips, the inner linear,
acute; corollas whitish; achenes hispidulou:
In canyons and o: n cliffs, Tra i Zon eon linha and er ce e Nebraska, Missouri, and Arkansas
south to New Mesiba, Arizona, the Sierra Mevula we hp jouecegeed Ryo yp wer California. Ty Pompe
“On the low hills between the north and south branches ms ,” northern Idaho. July
9. Brickellia californica A. — California Brickellia or Brickellbush.
Fig. 5885.
Bulbostylis californica Torr. & Gray ae on 1841.
Brickellia californica A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 4: 64. 1849.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 503
Brickelli htit A. Gray, Smiths. Contr. i" 72::.1853.
Coleosanthus pc ace See fet Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. gate
Coleosanthus albicaulis Rydb. Bull. Torrey ‘Clab 31: 646. 190
Brickellia californica var.? jepsonii Robinson, Mem. Gray 4. 227k 2917.
Branching shrub 5-10 dm. high, the stem tomentellous to scabrid-puberulous, whitish ac hoeoag
1
Leaves chiefly alternate; petioles 5-20 mm. long; blades usually deltoid-ova eri —5 cm. long,
obtuse or acute, truncate to subcordate at base, coarsely crenate or crenate-serrate, firm, cr eer
puberulous, gland-dotted beneath, reticulate; he -10 mm. high, 8- ¥ flowered poets clus-
tered in axillary and terminal cymules, forming leafy thyrses ; involucre a the
phyllaries dry, obtuse to acutish, ovate to linear; corollas aenroleuccie posal a corelisir:
achenes hispidulous.
Dry and streambeds, Sonoran Zones; poeernine baton? Creat southward to Lower California and
éaatened tee aa desert ranges to Colorado and New adjacent Texas, and Chihuahua. Type locality:
California. July—Oct.
5881. Brickellia incana 5883. Brickellia arguta
5882. Brickellia atractyloides 5884. Brickellia grandiflora
504 COMPOSITAE
10. Brickellia desert6rum Coville. Desert Brickellia or Brickellbush.
Fig. 58
sabeceaiae ay deanehases Coville, Proc. Biol. Soc. 2368;
Coville, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 4:
Brickellia californica var. desertorum Parish ex " M. Hall, sate ge Pub. Bot:3: 33.1907,
uch branched shrub 1 m. high, the stem and branches slender, white-barked, whitish-
tomentellous glabrate. Leaves opposite or alternate petioles sr mm. long; blades ovate,
m. long, obtuse, Egg i or subtruncate t base, crenate-serrate, saat ae eos ke or
gree ere heads 7-9 mm. high, 8-12-flowered, mall axilla ary and terminal glomerules; in-
volucre abo ut 7 mm. high, the phyllaries ovate rth ‘aa obtuse to auc cy seer sin achenes
ou
ocky sts opes of desert ranges, Sonoran Zones; western Riverside County, California, eastward to southern
Heras and anethweatern shane open Type locality: between Banning and Seven Palms on the Southern Pacific
railroad, California. Nov.—March.
11. Brickellia nevinii A. Gray. Nevin’s Brickellia. Fig. 5887.
Brickellia nevinit A. Gray, Proc. Amer. oar 20: 297. 1885.
Coleosanthus nevinti Bees Cat. N. Amer. Pl. 8. 1898.
Suffrutescent, oe the stems ae branching, gray-lanate, glabrescent. Leaves alternate;
petioles 21 mm. long or less; blades ovate, 5-16 mm. ong, acute or obtuse Pa es ow gray.
ish lanate, eat glabrescent ; heads 1.2-1.5 cm. high, .. ee ‘flow red, 1-3 a s of
usually minutely leafy ec wana age 8-12 “hi r less accel sl the
phyllaries ovate or lanceolate to linear, e to acuminate, the sate “with spreading tips; corollas
whitish or purplish; panna ietty hispidulow
In dry places, ices Sonoran Zone; coastal slope i ‘the mountains of southern California from western Kern
County to Ventura and Los Angeles Counties. Type locality: near Newhall, California. May—Oct
12. Brickellia microphylla A. Gray. Little-leaved Brickellia or Brickellbush.
Fig. 5888.
Bulbost phyll. Pet Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 286. 1840.
Brickellia wuicveia A. Gray, Smiths. Contr. 35: 85. 1852.
Brickellia cedrosensis a SS , Bull. Torrey Club 10: 86. 1883.
Calesinatines microphyllus Katies Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891.
Shrubby, m. high, much branched, glandular-pilose on stem and leaves, the bark whitish
or grayish. tas aves ae rnate, _—- petioles 1-5 mm. long, — broadly ovate, 1-2 cm. long,
eads 1-1.4 ¢
acute or obtuse, coarsely few-toothed t Zepto entire, veiny; h m. high, about 22-
flowered, in groups of 1-7 at tips mat the divergent, minutel y 3 fy branches; invoiuere about 1 cm.
high, the a ovate to linear, ee ac acuminate, the r with squarrose
herbaceous tips; corollas ochr oleucous or purplish; Se sel i oeaioiow: ahoees rae m. long.
In rocky gos tikes Sonoran and Transition zones eastern Oregon in he Ag 9 ee oienned to
Idaho and “eects ied . rags - re ee and in California on the eastern face of the Sierra Nevada from Sierra
County to Tulare C and i hite and Inyo Secntarie mit y San Gabriel F pecbartl Los Angeles County;
also on Cedros isa ‘Cen Calton Type locality: Blue Mountains of Oregon. Aug.—Sept. Foliage said to
be pineapple-scented.
13. Brickellia watsénii Robinson. Sweet Brickellia or Brickellbush. Fig. 5889.
Brickellia watsonit Robinson, Mem. Gray Herb. 1: 42. ep 19. 1917.
Coleosanthus watsonti Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. 843. 1917
Similar
spreading, Sand: tipped hairs. Leaves not peianttior y veiny; heads 9- ms mm. high, about
18-flowered ; involuc € 7-8 m pk eh; cachenes hispidulous, about 3.5 mm. lon
San
not stated. Aug.—
Brickellia a. (A. Gray) A. Nels. in Sgt & Nels. New Man. Bot. Rocky Mts. 909, in synonymy
as ae sili micr eehyle < var. scabra A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 11: 74. 1876.) + itoring ate = _
prec ving the stems and peduncles with a short, glandular, ba tg an pubes
pected in pag Inyo County, California, as it has been collected in adjacent Esmeralda and Nye Ccuniies.
ev
14. Brickellia oblongifélia Nutt. Narrow-leaved Brickellia. Fig. 5890.
Brickellia oblongifolia Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 288. 1840.
Coleosant master ea Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1; 328. 1891.
Suffrutesc t base, 1-5 dm. high, the stems numerous, erect, whitish, hispidulous and
glandular, Sucaiti Seats below the rence Leaves alternate, elliptic to oval, —4 cm. lon
acute or apiculate to obtuse, subsessile, entire or rarely geen ing pubescent like neg ‘stem ;
heads 1 to ex 0 b .4-1.8 cm. high, 40-50
» “"g cymosely arranged at f stem anch oe, 50-
owered ; involucre about 1.5 cm. high, the ae lance-oblong to ; linear, acute to —.
glandular-puberulous, sein green and white; rollas purplish or ect atric achene
pot, etime with a sie eglandular 3
In sandy or gravelly anes Sonoran and Transition Zones; British Columbia to Oregon, —— and
Utah. Type locality: gravelly Sesion th g the Willam =. June—
SUNFLOWER FAMILY
5885. Brickellia californica
5886. Brickellia desertorum
5887. Brickellia nevinii
5888. Brickellia microphylla
5889. Brickellia watsonii
5890. Brickellia oblongifolia
506 COMPOSITAE
Brickellia Narotnay tories var. riggs (D. C. Eaton) Robinson, Mem. Gray Fas rb. i: 1917. Apr tea
linifolia D. C. Eaton, Bot. King Ex : 137. pl. 15, figs. 1-6. 1871; B. mohavensis A. re Syn N.
12: 104. 1884; Coleosanthus vlinifolins Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 328. 1891; C. -gblonoifolins ‘inifolins oo
Eaton) Blake, Constr: U.S. erb. 25: 534. 1925.) ‘Achenes —— hispidulous,
In more e desert places, Upper cs Si Zone; Colorado to New Mex rthern Ari Ms gh ey th . Death
Valley region of Inyo County, California, ‘south to eastern San gee nl Danese "Wee lohan American
Fork, Jordan Valley, Utah.
15. Brickellia gréenei A. Gray. Greene’s Brickellia. Fig. 5891.
Brickellia greeneit A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 58. et
Coleosanthus greenei Rontek Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 189
Stems numerous from a woody —— erect, 2.5-4.5 dm. high, simple or corymbosely
branched above, spreading-pilose with short and long gland- pga pony throughout, the herbage
with a strong sweetish odor. Leaves Fase petioles 4 mm. lon ; blades ovate, 1-3 cm
long, ie pride serrate to entire, glan Sau “barn wy igh, 60-flowered,
solitary a sofs and branches, involucrate-bracted by the uppermost leaves; proper phyl-
laries nears alee i acuminate, essentially glabrous; corollas ochroleucous ; ad Ba hispidu-
lous above
velly ri rocky mountain sides, Transition Zone; Josephine County, Oregon, south through
the Si ake iyou face on to Ghee = and caleert Humboldt Counties, Californta. Type locality: south branch
of Scott River, California. July—Aug
Tribe 9. CYNAREAE*
Heads 1-flowered, numerous, aggregated into dense, a capitate clusters. 135. Echinops.
Heads few- to many-flowered, not forming spherical cluste
Rea of achenes (‘“‘hilum’’) pase pappus Lsehingie , deciduous (or the inner series of bristles more
or less persistent in Saussurea) ; s homogam e flowers alike and perfect
Leaves neither spinose nor ae "obed, the — — thistle-like; pappus- Acistles free at least in the
outer series
ig linear or linear-lanceolate, the outer and middle tipped with an uncinate py Pah Sala
ose, 136.
Phyllaties aa ovate to lanceolate, acute, unarmed; receptacle naked or ees TH pe
ait
Leaves usually spinose and paenly a to pinnatifid, the plants pore thistle-like; pappus- aie
united at the base into a low r
Receptacle deeply tess the si setae; bordered, not densely setose. 139. Onopordum.
2 aa Ganeckt
tulose, not plu
i: hekees mottled with Sih along eae veins; iighytipeies with a we et pinnately spinose
appendage. . Silybum.
Leaves not white-mottled; phyllaries entire, gradually narrowed to a spinose apex
143. Carduus.
esd Hin plumos
Leaves very farkee Sicieda large, the phyllaries numerous, broad, imbricate; —— fleshy.
141. ynar
Leaves usually small or medium; heads small to large, the phyllaries usually narrower,
frequently sprea ting: prs te not fleshy. 142. Cirsium
caaamagr oe: cal of achenes lateral; pappus, when present, consisting of free bristles or paleae, setsutent or
Phyllaries with a foliaceous blade, the Liles hee and leaves usually spinose or sotenioee Comets 2 heads
thick. 140 t
Phyllaries not foligceous, either F spinose or bhai heads ee rie sea — the outermost
flowers sterile, or s the head homogamous; achenes terete o mpresse
Achenes compressed, ak or rugulose. not = toothed at apex; pappus eset or lacking, not in
series of 10; leaves not spinose or bristly. 144, Voumatie
Achenes terete, 20- Pibed. 10-toothed at apex; pappus in 2 series of 10 bristles med pot eplanione.
14
135. ECHINOPS L. Sp. Pl. 814. 1753.
Annual, biennial, or perennial, arachnoid-tomentose herbs with more or less spiny
leaves. Leaves pinnately divided with the larger divisions again once- or twice-lobed or
-parted, the uppe ile by road clasping base, the lower with blades narrowly de-
current along a petiole-like base. Heads 1- ered, numerous, aggreg t m a com-
pact, spherical, itate inflorescence that is terminal on le-like stems, the heads
deciduous at maturity. Phyllaries very numerous in many series attac to an elongate,
stipe-like receptacle, the lowest phyllaries bristle-like le-like, chartaceous, pass!
gradually into broader, herbaceous-tipped p ie the mi ppermost phyllaries
attenuate-spinose, pectinate-fimbriate with margina istles. Corolla deeply 5-parted,
dages. St tyle hairy at the base of the branches. Achenes elongate, little-com
pressed, hairy, remaining attached to the receptacle and falling eload by the husk- like
involucre. Pappus paleaceous, forming a low crown on the top of the achene, the paleae
* Text of Cynareac contributed hy John Thomas Howell.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 507
hairy or barbellate- oes coe or united to form a more or less erose membrane.
[From the Greek, meaning urchin e-]
An Old World genus 7 stad 70 (or 12 ms ording to Lemée) species, most common in the eastern Medi-
terranean region. Type species, Echinops siatincebelin se
1. Echinops ruthénicus M. Bieb. Ruthenian Globe Thistle. Fig. 5892.
Echinops ruthenicus M. Bieb. Fl. Taur. Caucas. 3: 597. 1819.
Echinops ritro var. ruliicns Halacsy, Consp. Fl. Graecae 2: 91. 1902.
erennial herb with erect stem 1-1.5 m. tall, simple below and few- gorse be =. —
clothed with arachnoid tomentum that ma more or less deciduous especi the
or ate
a weak or strong, spinose tip, the lower leaves with a ‘narrowly rdered_ petiole-like “es he
middle sessile with a more or less clasping base, the er leaves — ba ler, lanceolate to
ovate- pias re plat divide d or serrate-lobed ; infloresce ence 3-4 cm. in diameter, the heads
in flower 1.5-2 cm. long, the lowest br ate like phylla ries white and aiaaing the middle and
iritier tat shvTlaties narrowly lanceolate with elongate attenuate tips, the outside lavender-tinged,
scabrous-roughened on exposed parts, not junta the inside brownish-tinged; corolla-lobes
lavender rope Baeaee ene, 7 mm. long; filaments short, violet, anther-tube conspicuous, 6 mm.
long; a e oblongish, a little constricted — mr middle, 6 mm. long, thinly covered with
Soeeniaed a igece nding, tog a tb mie d D is Lg -paleae united to form a shallowly
lobed, membranous c n 1 mm. lon e lobes barbell lat
Establi aie in weedy vice in Whit man Dae Washington. Introuce from pegtein Aug.-Se
Ech atu ratzka, pede Zool. Bot. Ges. Wie 17. 1858. A plant collected in 1954 in
Cowlitz County, Pay abhingsoet) are ars to be = ogi Enwobeaa: uaa thistle. It may be distinguished from
E. ruthenicus =. Bieb. by the silvery wp ese t ray-green middle and gy ok phyllaries, esd the fewer
sordid, bristle-like phyllaries and by the whitish pons reg Perhaps only a fu vei e from cultivat
Echin sphaerocéphalus L. Sp. Pl. 814. 1753. Differing from E. henicus and E. comitatus in the
glandular pubescence on She exposed hacks of vo middle and epee ohipilaries, in the glandular hairs pro-
tru pine § from e arachnoid tomentum on the stems and lower leaf-surfaces, and in the denser me -scabridous
pubescence on es upper leaf-surfaces. Locally vataldished 3 in Modoc co unty, California, east of Tulelake, Siskiyou
| panes aetna in Europe and Asia.
136. ARCTIUM L. Sp. Pl. 816. 1753.
Large biennial herbs with scene stems and leaves. Leaves reac ovate, ony
cordate, long-petiolate. Bee s homogamous, many-flowered, medium-sized, subcorym-
bosely or subracemosely ar wa on 4 to long oi eae Phyllari ies very sora Lae
in many series, narrowly ia tl tapering into a usually uncinate spine, the outer
and middle phyllaries reflexed or spreading above the appressed base. Receptacle coarsely
setose. Achenes compressed with a basal hilum, the sides tending to be spongy-rugulose or
5891. Brickellia greenei
508 COMPOSITAE
-ribbed. ee bristles in several series, free, a little unequal, strongly scabrous-setulose,
deciduo s Limeiat “ name derived from the Greek word for bear, perhaps in reference to
the eat involuc
; A or of sis " species found chiefly in Eurasia; becoming naturalized elsewhere. Type species, Arctium
appa L
Heads mostly 2.5 cm. broad or less, gi Maange pint along the branches; inner phyllaries usually purplish-
2. tng the a serrulate with very fine, ardly pointing, oan er teeth; pappus rhe jatios. short
Heads most] cm. broad or more, subcorymbosely arranged at the ends of stems and bra nchlets; inner thy llecies
bi is fea margins ciliolate with small reflexed or outwardly pointing Sich pappus-bristles to
Sa r 6 mm. lon 2. A. lappa.
1. Arctium minus a Bernh. Common Burdock. Fig. 5893.
Lappa minor Hill, Veg. Syst. 4:
Arctium minus Bernh. Syst. iy re wn 1800.
Stems to 1 or 1.5 m. tall, the branches Sabet eey erect. Basal leaves ovate to round-ovate,
deeply cc awk the nPah “blades small, Seg cond-year blades becoming as much as 6 dm. long
d
mu maller bcor uneate a
ubglobose, 1.5-3.5 cm. wide, sessile or pedun cul: ate, | racemose or subracemose along the branch-
ine, the inner : _Sp
the lower margins of the middle phyllaries ane ihe upper ee gins of the inner phyllaries peetrmed
serrulate, the teeth strongly ascending, ie apenasies sometimes a little pile i Ses my
or peg pe Se hones setees ally pink or plish; achenes bias -cuneate, trunc
an Re te = lightly gonads atisdled or -ribbed, pappus buff, te satis
frietles. hoetiy . 52. oS a
Fields, roadsides, and waste Ley in towns, occasional but widespread, sometimes locally abundant; Wash-
— - central. sEea ate Se bs inary a; east to the Atlantic. Naturalized from Europe. July—Oct
~ rts ants are her: ted as A. minus, one with heads about 2 cm — and the Sune with heads
abo: Ba tend 5 The. daiter Soni may be the one called A. nemorosum in eastern United States, but with
us the ties appear to intergrade completely.
2. Arctium lappa L. Great Burdock. Fig. 5894.
Arctium lappa L. Sp. Pl. 816. 1753.
Lappa major Gaertn. Fruct. 2: 379. 1791.
erb 1.5-3.5 m. tall. Leaves ovate, errs cordate, the basal leaves of the flowering
abrate
e at bas Ss : ; orym
bosely arranged at the ends of the main branches or on short lateral branches; gees series hd
or rarely Despuee west sabrous the outer and middle lenceilite. ee base appressed, the u
part spreading or reflexed, tapering to the slender uncinate spine, the inner phyllaries Mia
chartaceous, wekcatine or caisson ihe € spine straight or uncinate, the aia a the inner phyl-
i e of the outer and middle phyllaries narrowly scarious, minutely ciliolate with
flexed, gl 2 irs; i horte he ph
u
1 , purplish red; achenes oblong-oblanceolate or somewhat cuneiform, 6-7 mm long, bro
or grayish brown, sacl smooth or spongy-wrinkled or -ribbed, pappus ivory- white or buff, the
longest bristles 5-6 m long.
Occasional weed of seal roadsides, and waste ground; west the Cascade Mountains in Wash-
mates and in the Coast Ranges in California suiath to southern "Coie Sritich Columbia; central and east-
ern United States and Canada. Native of Eurasia. June—Aug
137. SAUSSUREA DC. Ann. Mus. Paris 16: 156, 196. pls. 10-13. 1810.
No
men conservandum
ae unarmed herbs with alternate, ene re toothed, or pinnatifid leaves. Heads
m r large, solitary or corymbosely clustered, homogamous, the flowers all perfect.
Ss ory Weuedae cylindr rc-campanlate, or turbinate, the phyllaries numerous in
many series, appressed or squarr cute. Receptacle plane or convex, nake
or bearing chaffy scales or isties 4 Cordilas elas 5-lobed, bluish or purplis sh. Achenes
oblong, more or less angled, hilum basal. Pappus-bristes i in 1 or 2 series, plumose, united
at the base and generally decidu ous, an outer, shorter, dissimilar series present or lack-
ing. [ Named for Horace Benedict de Saussure Be his son, Theodore, ai known natural-
ists of Geneva, Switzerland.]
A genus of about 130 species, m mostly ‘h montane, occurring chiefly in Asia, with several species
in Europe and North America and one in Roan. high 2 species, Serratula alpina Willd.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 509
: y
Spi. Ge
$893. Arctium minus $834. Arctium lappa
1. Saussurea americana D. C. Eaton. American Sawwort. Fig. 5895.
Sa D. C. Eaton, Bot. Gaz 283. 1881.
Saussurea ne var. cordata Kurtz, Bot.’ Jahrb. 19: 354. 1894.
Plants with simple, erect, leafy stems from the wn of a short stout rootstock, sparse
puberuent = roniehtalee and a little stacitoler, pantioulatty on the re side of the leaves ; eae
3-10 ) dm. tall, terete, mostly unwinged or sometimes the leaf-bases a little decurrent.
Leaves thin herbaceous, sieges, Roney to oblongish or lanceolate, saliently dentate, the lower
nuate and acute at apex, 5-1
cylindric or oblong-turbinate, about 2 cm. long; phyllaries numerous in many series, closely
appressed, acute, sparsely arachnoid- or ig tee Detar i coriaceous, the outer and middle
broadly triangular-ovate or te, the inner lanceolate, somewhat membranous on the margin,
exposed parts of the phyllaries frequently tinged with dark brown or purplish black; receptacle
or fimbrillate ; s lavender i re
mooth ; pappus
to 7 mm. lon inner series more = eaceous an e or less connate at the baie about
long, pa ig light bro ee ereoreulls persistent.
ae st ped wy or sa ihe pes in the mountains, Canadian and Hudsonian Zones; Olympic and Cascade
Mountains, Washington, south a a" east to the Blue and Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon, and ~. = Sera Moun-
enetig ‘Cal chores: "pait to tdahe and Montana; astern Alaska and perhaps adjacent British Columbia. Type
loca lity: “mountains of Union Co., Oregon.”’ Collecte by Cusick in 1877. July—Sept.
2 dm. tall o r less with | narrow ‘elliptic ‘leaves that are scarcely reduced upward and frequently surpass the densely
comecunchiseced heads. Mountain slopes, Hadeonies or Arctic-Alpine Zones; reported from Mount Benson,
Vancouver Island; Rocky Mountains ta British Columbia and Alberta. Type locality: “elevated parts of the
Rocky Mountains.” Collected by Drummond.
138. SILYBUM [Vaill.] Adans. Fam. Pl. 2: 116. 1763.
Annual or biennial pies with vy! stems a alternate i ag leaves. Heads peduncu-
late, medium or large, many-flowered, homogamous. Phyllaries numerous in many series,
the outer and middle Sah ed a tiff spreading, eee folinccocs appendage. Receptacle
fleshy, setose. Achenes compressed, nearly smooth, hilum basal. Pappus-bristles in sev-
eral series, setulose, united at the base into a ring, aa hsainas. [From the Greek name of a
thistle that was used for food. ]
of 2 species indigenous to the Mediterranean region. Type species, Carduus marianus L.
510 COMPOSITAE
1. oe dene marianum (L.) Gaertn. Milk Thistle. Fig. 5896.
rduus marianus L, Sp. Pl. 823. 1753.
Silybum marianum — Fruct. 2: 378.. 1791.
p e le
road, clasping, shortly ge ab base, shallowly or deéply lobed, apinogl iiectare
most leaves much reduced with strongly spiny basal lobes and attenuate tip
appen i en enuat id
tipped, equa ey or a little longer than the owers, the inner phyllaries peace coriaceous, bearin
a reduced appendage or narrowe pod. an acute Resim a : rs numerous, purplish, rarely
ong, tely
and dotted with buff an nd dark bro n; pa ppus- briatige ivory-white, a little unequal, 1-2 cm. long,
the outer setiform, the inner hesated and a little paleaceous, the top of the pappus-ring bearing
fine erect hairs to 2 mm. | i
Occasional in waste grou d along roads west_of the Cascade Mountains in Washington and Oregon;
a common and wide pptiad: ees Y B eee euewbions in gia — of the Sierra Nevada; Vancouver Island;
occasional east to the Atlantic; South America; Australia. Native of the Mediterranean region. ‘Apri: Aug
139. ONOPORDUM [Vaill.] L. Sp. Pl. 827. 1753.
Tall herbs with erect stems and alternate, simple, spiny leaves, the cauline leaves de-
current and the stems conspicuously spiny-winge . Heads homogamous, large, mostly soli-
tary at the ends of the branches. Involucre broad, the phyllaries numerous in many series,
entire, narrowed into a stiff spine. Receptacle fleshy, not setose, alveolate, the pits mem-
branous-bordered. Ach me compressed, pubescent, transversely rugulose, hilum
basal. Pappus setose, the bristles slender, scab ous, in sever series, united at the base
into a low ring, the whole deciduous. [Name from me Greek, meaning donkey flatulence,
the plants believed to cause a flatulent state in don
bout 20 species, native in Europe, Asia, and northern rem Type species, Onopordum acanthium L.
Onopordum acanthium L. Scotch Thistle. Fig. 5897.
Onopordum acanthinm L. Sp. Pl. 827. 1753.
Plants biennial, sometimes short and slender in depauperate specimens but Ae rgiatt very
port sd 2 m, tall or more, openly, fastigiately and virgately branched, greenish or canescent
ith a close arachnoid tom entum ; stems broadly winged by the secorvert leaf-bases, ray wings
i i Lowest |
achenes narrowly obovate, 5-6 mm. somewhat essed, transversely rugulose, m
less pubescent especially below the m ‘dae. brownish Fite pale ‘below, almost black at the top ;
pappus of numerous slender bristles, about 8 mm. lon
Fields and roadsides, becoming commen in the cue . aes beg souerect® Washington to cen tral
and eastern Oregon, and Modoc, Passe, and Lake Bs ig: mas Californ western Idaho and Nanaimo, British
Columbia; widespread in the United States, Native pe and is oe ka gre ept.
140. CAETHAMYS een L. Sp. Pl. 830. 1753.
Ann ial,
sinielte spinescent or spiny leaves. Heads medium to larg: e, homogamous, many-flower
solitary at the ends of leafy branches. Phyllaries fee se} 32, in many series, the outer and
middle foliaceous with a spreading, spi ny, coriaceous blade, the inner phyllaries seg and
spine-tipped or bearing a denticulate or pinnately parted, spinose appendage. Receptacle
coarsely setose. Achenes turgidly setae hilum obliquely lateral. Pappus none or
the paleaceous bristles numerous in many series, unequal, free, persistent, setulose, occa-
nt rudimentary. [Name probably derived from the Arabic name for the safflower
ant.
i. A Bers: of about 20 species occurring chiefly in the Mediterranean region. Type species, Carthamus tinc-
orius
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 511
Leaves and outer phyllaries pinnately parted or lobed, Yate spinose; stems and leaves more or less glandular-
pu oo scent ee arachnoid, especially near the inflorescence; corollas yellow, the upper part of the tube
eolate-in
Sends broadly ovate, the phyllaries _— or a little longer than the flower . C. lanatus.
Heads narrowly ovate or oblongish, t er phyllaries attenuate and sac hones than the flower ws
eticus.
Leaves and outer phyllaries sag -serrate or sometimes entire; stems and leaves glabrous; corollas orange- -red,
the tube slender throughou 3. C. tinctorius.
1. Carthamus lanatus L. Distaff Thistle. Fig. 5898.
Carthamus lanatus L. Sp. Pl. 830. 1753.
Plants annual or perhaps sometimes biennial with slender elongate taproots, leafy, stiffly erect,
few-branched above the middle; stems 1-10 dm. tall, pubescent below with sparse jointed hairs,
5895. Saussurea americana
ci) hh, s
5896. Y
5897. Onopordum acanthium
att ¥ Vai We
512 COMPOSITAE
pubescent and sag ea a Bd fons above, as well as a little glandular, terete and wingless. Lowest
leaves herbace to7c g, obla nceolate, petiolate or sessile, pinnately parted si acute or
i n rgins bearing a one
arp spino
er ; ng, sessile by a broad bas stiffly coriaceous, promi-
nently veined, viscidulou bed pinnately lobed salient denta ate, ‘te lobes and teeth rigidly
spinose ; heads solitary at the e of the r bra large, about 3 cm. long, o i
volucres arachnoid-pubescent ri viscidu ae: “hai ae the 9 ‘and middle phyllaries foliose, shorter
or a little longer than the flowers, ditaietely spreading or squarrose, pinnately lobed or dentate
rigidly spinose, — inner phyllaries s erect, entire, coriaceous except for ee scarious margin
and appen e appendage with a terminal spine and lateral sitiles sides merely
denticulate ; flo a many, the throat inflated ; era an t as broad
ale brown or buff, mottled or speckled with dark brown or black, the sides irregularly horizontally
pitt wer rim of the pits and the tr a ge 2 of the fig ad ia dentate or denticulate, or
the longitudinal angles of the achene produce ard into ac ppus no h
chenes, p and persistent on the i inner, aohich yay the pileae in several series, unequal,
se shorter outer ones emarginate, the inner longest ones acute, the innermost sometimes abbrevi-
ted.
Dry open hills and along roads; locally common in central California and around San Francisco Bay; reported
from southern California. Native of the Oid World. April—Oct.
2. Carthamus baéticus (Boiss. & Reut.) Nyman. Smooth Distaff Thistle.
Fig. 5899
Kentrophyllum baeticum Boiss. & Reut. Pugil. ae - ov. 65. 1852.
Carthamus baeticus Nyman, Conspec. FI. Eur. 878.
Kentrophyllum lanatum Bi netics Battandier, F 1 lage 508. 1888--90.
Carthamus nitidus of C
Similar to C. lanatus but the stems whitish and more shiny. Leaves frequently longer and
narrower, attenuate at the tip into a stiff slender spine; heads more sle eupl oblong-ovate, and
fewer-flowered; outer and middle phyllaries divaricately spreading, the tips et od attenuate and
i h lon t ers inne
spinose, x r,
denticulate or the phyllaries entire and attenuate; the outer epappose schieess darker and more
evenly and regularly rugulose, the 338 pappus- ener achenes with smoother, less denticulate
sides
Opes or brushy hills and roadsides in central and southern California; foothills of the Sierra Nevada in
evade ~ Tuolumne Counties, and local in S
; an Joaquin County; cesasiontl from San Luis Obispo County to
San Diego County. Naturalized from the acitecvinaee region. Jun
It is no S$ easy to bi gol ay ein from C. llistar & soy some European botanists have wees
as a variety. Cytological — Ai ri, however, have howe that 2n = 44 in C. Janatus and 2n=
3. Carthamus tinctérius L. Safflower. Fig. 5900.
Carthamus tinctorius L. Sp. Pl. 830. 1753.
Plant annual with erect stems narrowly branching above the middle, leafy, glabrous; stems
generally 4-6 dm. tall, smooth, terete, whitish or straw-colored. Leaves coriaceous, spinulose-
a s le and upper ca
o
a pine
ivory-white, nearly smooth, subobovate, about 6 mm. long and 4 mm. wide, generally without pappus
or with a few short rudimentary paleae, ee the pappus well ‘developed with paleae numer-
ous i seenerp — buff, unequal i in length, m stly shorter than the achen
Occasional fugitive from vation on Seaddshtcs and Feasied the edge of fel, probably oe Bagh eres, gala”
mento Valley to re "kieine Conde , California. Of widespread occurrence wa of the Old an
New Worlds wherever the plant is cultivated; originally deacktad from , al Sane-Oek,
141 CYNARA [Vaill.] L. Sp. Pl. 827. 1753.
Robust perenay << with large basal leaves and stout erect stems. Heads large,
pedunculate, many-flow omogamous. Involucre globose, the phyllaries imbricate in
many aig aneeeite sad: 4 tase suliriesdly coriaceous, narrowed into a stout terminal ae
(or rarely the phyllaries rounded and innocuous ). Peeteiacie fleshy, long-setose.
perfect. Achenes a little turgid, glabrous and smooth, hilum basal, apical i a
n
med. Pappu
paleaceous, united at the base and deciduous. [Name derived from the Greek word for dog
early applied to a kind of artichoke. ]
a nat genus of 11 species, natives of the Mediterranean region and Canary Islands. Type species, Cynara car-
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 513
1. Cynara cardinculus L. Cardoon or Thistle Artichoke. Fig. 5901.
Cynara cardunculus L. Sp. Pl. 827. 1753.
Plants perennial with broad oe rosettes of large basal leaves and erect thick stems, the og
and lower sides of the mares gray or white with an arachnoid tomentum; stems striate,
tall. Basal leaves oblong or ohn d aneeolate to over 1 m. long cad about. half as pre ifpairiati-
se divided to the didureeat tly winged rachis, the cegiiietitl irregularly parted o ded into nar-
w, lobed or toothed laciniae, the lobes and teeth iene ie — t, stiff, yellow seine see fee and
pies above, tomentose below, middle and upper cauline leaves much smaller, sessile, a little de-
current, those in the inflorescence reduced to line tes or oblong. spin e- sheathed bracts to 5 cm. long;
] cm. long, solitary ends of sho i
ubglabrous, sides os
ing or reflexed, the puede and upper appressed-imbricate, the middle narrowed into a short, stout,
rigid spine, the uppermost bearing a rounded or subtruncate, denticulate, shortly spiny appendage ;
poh bluish n purple: achenes 6-7 mm. long, oblongish, light brown mottled with brown and black;
s 2-3 c¢ g, ivory-colored.
S Oiecabtaiidtly escaping from cultivation; central to southern coastal California, sometimes becoming a
pant noxious we — as on Nae hills at the north end of San bein Bay; Lower California; southern South
America. Nati of the diterranean region and Canary Islands. June-July.
Cynara sabi dusl . pik Pl. 728. 1753. (Cynara carduncilus subsp. _scolymus Hegi, Fl. Mitt. Europa
~ 924. 1929.) Differing from Cc; carduacnios in the spineless leaves and in the blunt or acute, spineless or
arly spineless phyllaries. nie ci weg cultivated in Pg California where it is an occasional escape. Probably
: pow fe of C. cardunculus. Globe or Garden Art
5900
5898. pease lanatus
5899. Carthamus baeticus
f 4 ©5900. aces tinctorius
5901. Cynara cardunculus
514 COMPOSITAE
142. CIRSIUM Sis * Adans. Fam, Pl. 2: 116. 1763; emend. DC.
Prod. 6: 634. 1837.
Annual, biennial, or perennial, more or less arachnoid-tomentose herbs with posias x or
stout taproots, the stems of the perennial species arising from the caudex-like wn of
the taproot or from buds produced on widely spreading, horizontal, rhizome- lik roots.
Leaves alternate, generally spiny-lobed or -divided, sessile by a petio ole-like or amplexicaul
base, the base sometimes more or less decurrent along the stem as a spiny wing. a ge
hairy. Flowers perfect or — wr paree and the plants nearly or quite dioecious ; corollas
whitish, yellowish, rose, or red and tubular with a slender tube and 5-cleft limb. Achenes
narrowly obovate or Sites, sapeee ot smooth, the hilum basal. Pappus of numerous
plumose bristles (or sometimes a few merely barbellulate), these united at the base and
deciduous in a ring. [Name Eons the Greek, referring to the use of thistles as a remedy
for swollen veins. ]
A genus of about 250 species, in the northern hemisphere. Type species, Carduus heterophyllus L.
For authorship of generic name, see ag —— 8: 278. 195
e of the reasons for difficulties e ered in treating our native species of Cirsium is ae natural lines
= a become blurred, if not all bat Cbiiterated dad . Phat 93 hy —— zation. Not only does hybridiza-
r be pals closely related series} rs between species which wo
distantly related i sie onde Ea oS prin a Cc. ee rcetoeik ele d08 C. brevifolium and C. utahense,
cy: Dur rse 0 thistle over i in “field and herbarium, _Sybrigs (suspected or otherwise) have
becin tute seal sting in hae ington, Or — and mut ornia her 99 the following entities: andrewsiit and
rcetorum, ee cwsit sat remotifolium Cc . mendocinum Petr: eeeialbion and foliosum, brevifolium
tad undulatum, brevifoli and utahense, ae Sr rnicum and cymosum, “calsfornicum var. pierce and foliosum
a quercetorum _ eek wean cum f. parishii paok). callilepis and querc m (cf. C. amblylepis Petrak),
callilepis and remotifolium, callilepis var. pseudocarlinoides and cymosum, call epis var. pseudocarlinoides and
hallit, canovirens and undulatum, canovirens an F eaphense cf. “C. subniveum” of eraeed ee _
cymosum, cymosum and pastoris (?), cymosum and proteanum, cymosum and remotifolium, douglastt and quer
torum, douglasii var. canescens and cymosum, foliosum and undulatum, fontinale and quetcrtos yeh, yes ei
and proteanum, occidentale and quercetorum, pastoris and proteanum, proteanum and remotifolium.
In the — wing account of the genus Cirsium on the Pacific Coast, only ree a ™ the
or immediately pertinent to the accepted name has been given. For further synonymy a many other
data, see Franz Petrak, cea Pines mcg Arten der Gattung Cirsium (em Bot, Centralbl 35: 223- 567.
region
Plants introduced ag ged Old World, either dioecious with unisexual flowers in small heads or monoecious
perfect flowe medium-sized. heads, if monoecious the oo on of the leaves scabrous or Sis
Plants dioecious REISS heads commonly numerous, small, 1.5—-2.5 cm. long; leaves pet scabrous-hispid
. arve
Siuac maroon biennial; heads medium-sized, mostly 3-4 cm. long; leaves see ‘ispid on the upper
Pl. e New eho monoecious; upper surface of leaves not scabrous-his
eae abe pectinate on the margins (rarely the outer piataries Pearle bi in C. callilepis, C. doug-
lasit, C. hookerian ly and C. nidulum; uppermost spiny-margined leaves sometimes closely subtend
the head = simulate phyllaries
Back of at least some of the oliitlecies iene a mare! or spot or ridge.
cence of stems and | oid.
Flowers dat i i aay red or ia mine, straight in the head; soncecten perennial from the
tra Nevada ea ssi 14. C. nidulum.,
vida es lavender, pink, or pial, the outermost in the head spreading.
lants perennial ep new rosettes arising from horizontal roots; heads medium-sized o
large, (2 or)3— long; plants “oF . hills and forest borders, chiefly of Oregon
and Washi 1 tend ee and eastward).
Stems mostly 1-2 m. tall; heads 3-4 cm. - ng, somewhat constricted above the sub-
lobose hase; oraee om phyllaries 1-2 mm. long; south: centres Oregon and
adjacent Californi B.C: ch
Stems mostly 1 m. tall or less; spines on phyllaries mostly 3- ‘“ mm, .. northern
Oregon northward and eastward,
Flowers pink or ila rarely white; leaves wine, yg and below; heads
4—5 cm. lon undulatum.
Flowers elon secdia: leaves mostly bicolored, green above Se ll (2 or)3-4.5
4, evifonw
ft if sometimes perennial the ne . rosettes co. from
acoene on the, cigeoer: — leaves sometimes markedly decurrent —
medium-sized, 2-3.5 cm. long; plants of wet ine chiefly in Califor
Plants a arachnoid or 2 labrescent, the upper side of the leaves elaros or nearly
plants of central Calif 7. C. hydrophilum
Plants pi aa scarcely glabrescent, the upper side of the Sen with per-
sistent arachnoid tomentum; plants of desert ranges oa —
m
Plants mo the —_. like
s
small or
avense.
of stems and leaves crispy-puberulent as well as arachnoid (the crispy-puberulent t hairs
are monbea ular. translucent, shining, and often iridescent; sometimes they are quite scant
and sometimes a: ered by a thick coating of arachnoid tomentum).
Phyllaries toed & re except for the erect or spreading chartaceous tip (i.e.,
all o —— all mech the herbaceous part of the metiare at Pct A nga os spot on phyl-
Spine at bie Sat ok bares widely spreading, mostly 3-5 mm. long; taprooted, monocarpic
a a ennial plants of wet places from southern Oregon yap Raat to central Californ
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 515
Spine at tip of phyllaries erect or somewhat spreading, mostly 2-3 mm. long; taprooted
pare ennial of dry slopes east of the Cascade eC. eaK0 ee ‘and northern
egon ca
Phyllaries not clos sely imbricate and e rapa ely spreadin
bove the psa Mag = fe rae Bi pat ecg i °C. yore riica im ag gocher :
wipe dilar spot, frequently inconspicuous or lacking on many phyllaries in a head.
pomeeo tipped by a short spine mostly 1-3 mm. long.
nts _ Perennial, the n
new — -rosettes arising from rag sm aa — or from the
f the taproot. . C. cymosu
t
Plants monocarpic, winter ssiree or biennials with ma
11. C. californicum
into an elongate slender spine mostly 3-10 mm. long; plauts gener-
oca pale: biennials, rarely perennials, with taproots.
Heads often aeaee than long, hemispheric; phyllaries we spines mostly 5-10 mm.
ee elt
he oute . C. neomexicanum
Heads — ose; ass laries with spines mostly 3-7 mm. long, the outer Sissies
spreading or ascending 13. C. utahense.
Back of phyllaries without a ae lar spot or ridge.
Corolla-throat gradua
lly wed downward into the tube, the corolla without a distinct
ion between an throat and the. tube; flowers usually straight in the head, pinkish, hea oa
or reddish (or white in albinos); pubescence arachnoid or aganpecne villous-arachnoid.
PRerigret Log pe seeenctt more nk ive saree ent; perennials
stout oy ; southern
vada e ard to des 13. tar ke - —
Phyllares, thickly aaa persistently t arachnoid, or in C. pro m the tomentum
mes thin and the Dhyllaries nl ccenedtt ical snniaia "oe “biennials, rarely
rane s southern Oreg western Nevada and southern erect
Heads often as bro and r broader; phyllaries generally str poag! ost acicular
above a: Vanpressed. ae Seunonak pes a fine, grayish white aoe corolla
2.5-3.5 . long, scarcely exceeding. the involucre; rer ian core at of central Cali-
i 15 ct
Heads generally longer
than broad; phyllaries generally curved down
ae outward or
castro linear to ovatish but a acicular; corollas to 4 cm,
rg generally con-
soit usly exceeding the involucr
Planta, thinly t ly arachnoid- Aomentose, eseey ae -tomentose; phyllaries often
subglabrate; widespread and common in California hills and mountains from
Ventura and Kern Counties Gerthersed. 6. C. protcanum
ny po ide! edge with dense, felt-like siebsiies phyllaries whits: arachnoid-
— cept for the glabrous yellowish spine; southwestern Oregon to
al Californ, and adjacent Nevada. 17..€. ” es
Cocoa shenet wrosid or Shea distinctly contracted at the base, the throat and t ne are nerally distinct;
Besse: aight in oot aap vol on the outermost Beds h spreading, whitis elspa pink,
sometimes re bescence, at least on the consisting of crispy-puberu
ied ‘sdnciannid reir an ae
y-puberulent hai Aecaem rn a el yee ellular, coreelitan S visc ree fea
sometimes abundant, lacking i in C. moha
in
margins lac corr or yer (nbyiaries
mre wees a little catendol in intermediates latiaen c callilepis
and between C. foltosum and C. hookerianum).
Plants embiaad: mostly biennial with taproots; bccn ea in eters] North America,
mostly near the C. 6. C. folios
Plants Peres) with cee Pegs roots; California Coast Hole and Oraie chiefly west
f the Cascade Mountain
Heads medium-sized or
524 COMPOSITAE
1d Cirsium neomexicanum A. Gray. New Mexico Thistle. Fig. 5913.
A. Gray, Smiths. Contr. 56: 101. 1853.
Plants biennial or short-lived perennial from a stout taproot, generally monocarpic;
se “8 (or 20) dm. tall, stout ur ra aber, rah elongate slender branches, white- sgpeneae pitabaee
a little crisp- Seat nt, the tom m becoming thin and floccose on the lower part. Basal
leaves forming a dense, many-leaved salieis that probably develops through more thes one season,
narrowly oblanceolate, ie earliest shallowly sinuate-lobed or deltoid-lobed, becoming more deeply
daend up to 3 dm. long and 6 cm. wide, the i pig sions 2- or 3-lobed with the lobes terminating in a
stoutish vetlow spine, hes biides' narrowed t short, more or less on ccigar ied piny-bordered,
petiole-like base, tomentose on both sides but greener ro subglabrescent above; lower cauline
leaves similar to the basal leaves but eo r and becoming sessile ie < cpr decurrent base,
he stem someti spiny-winged near] ihe next node; upper leaves becoming much smalle
€ Ss imes -win yt
and bract-like, very spiny but scarcely decurrent; heads solitary, oe ly “ he Nes: of er
slender branches, usually broader than long and hemispheric, 3-6 cm. long, wide
volucre ay nom to broadly bowl-shaped, more or less ir A tom aati e or ‘the ileiets
tending to be i i
sometimes e cose and d ; phyllaries linear-lanceol ap-
pressed, the elongate tips of the outer phyllaries cacy d, h phyllaries divergently
spreading or loosely ascending, straight or the uppe es sigmoid-curved, the base chartaceous,
the tips herbaceous and often too snail rie Alou the middle, sometimes glandular, tipped
by a strong yellow spine, the in phyllaries flat, attenuate into a slender chartaceous spinul
flowers white, pink, or inveader ‘the Sererciniit generally cutacatdy. Dekadiim: the corolla- be
~2 cm. long, the throat 5-8 mm. a i aij lobes 8-10 mm. long; achene purplish bro wks elliptic-
oblong or -obovate, 5 mm. long, 2-2. wide; pappus 1.5-2.5 cm. long, white, sometimes with
dark-colored processes are sides of cee near the bas
Dry, gravelly or rocky slopes and canyons, Lower and 98 Sonoran Zones; mountains in the rai =
of the, id staee Desert. California, at to Colorado and New Mexico. Type locality: “Side of the Org
tains,”” New Mexico. April- Sept.
13. Cirsium utahénse Petrak. 56 a Sees Thistle. Fig. 5914.
? Carduus nevadensis Greene, Pittonia 3: 26. 1896. Not Cirsium nevadense Willk. 1859
? Cirsium humboldtense Rydb. Fi. Rocky Mts. 1007, 1068. 1917 este
eas eee Petrak, — Bot. reps ie 470. 1917.
M. E. k, Madrofi
Plants with a long, ee or stout tape the —— Labia woins ce through two to
four years, monocarpic or sometimes perennial with n osettes arisin the branched,
caudex-like crown of the taproot; stems erect, 1 esi tall. see or Sightly tne yee
arachnoid-tomentose and crisp-puberulent. Earliest — ellie o oblanceolate, alm
diately denticulate and with numerous small spines fringing the 2 Sarl sp posite dents estar
n d natel wi e
‘ Ss, closely t
solitary at the ends of longer or shorter, leafless or leafy-bracteate branchlets, subglobose, 3.5-5
em. long; involucre campanulate, conspicuously aca tomentose or the tomentum tending to
WwW \wif yy LY
= Nie
~~ “Wy ie
yh f
SW ey
— NS
5913. Cirsium neomexicanum :
5914. Cirsium utahense |
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 525
come somewhat floccose; phyllaries appressed at the base, loosely ascending or wer spread-
ith s
atin Pia and niin lacerate ; flowers whitish, evender tinged, or pinkish, the corolla-
tube 1 m. long, a throat 9-10 m m. long, the oe 7 mm. long; achenes oblong- oblanceolate,
poate h, 71 mm. lon payee whi tish, 2-3 cm. lon
Gravelly and sto, Wibod, meadowy flats, ie open a usas woodland, Sonoran and Boreal Zones; mostly
east of the Cascade-Sierran crest from Panay gg orgs to middle ws rage eastward to the Rocky
pay po s and southward to Utah and perhaps to Arizo Type locality: Silver Reef, Washington County, Utah.
ay—
Plants from the east side of the Sierra Nevada in California and Nevada are quite variable in habit, pubes-
cence, and flowers. In all, however, the niga: to sage pense 3 phyllaries are ngs to one ithe middle
and are attenuate into a free tip ending in a slender, stiff, spreading or ascending spine. se plants may be the
same as C. humboldtense Rydb. rduus nevadensis Greene; type locality, West 0, Og Si ceeurics, Nevada),
and they may prove to be specifically distinct {rome C. utahense.
t astern O C. wallowense M. Peck), the phyllaries are scarcely ever glandular,
whereas in th m from southern Utah, the png line or ridge is present and conspicuous. In other
parts of its range (as in eastern California), C. utahense may b riable his character. In northeastern
Diesée, where a —— intergrades with C. Seevtietiam and with C. canovirens, the intermediates seem to be
the — of ~ acon
Car Fl. Fran. 479. 1897. (Carduus vaduleins var. nev aden Comms , Proc. d.
Phila. oo ne omy ee Plant to about 3 m. tall; stem stout, thinly floccose-arachnoid; S green and gla-
brate on the upper side, white-arachnoid on the lower side; heads pose about 2.5 cm. lalee Bhyllaries appressed
except at the slender-spinose tip, closely imbricate in 6 or 7 rows, not glandular, the outer lanceola vate-
lanceolate, the inner linear-lanceolate; flowers Lc aa Pegi plant, definitely known only from Greene och
gr in 1883 near Truckee, Nevada County, California, may be a small-headed form of " Cirsi um utahense Petrak,
s that —. ot along the east side of the Sierra Nevada; or ~ Truckee thistle may repveuin a hybrid
a ivative between the Utah thistle and Cirsium meee sit var. canescen
Cirsium pies Rydb. FL. Rocky Mts (100. 1068). 1917 [1918]. Plants from northeastern
Oregon that are related to : Rccprtsd but with pate beds ve been referred to this species Cronatist,
Re — Pi. Pact: Book hw. 5: 4955), ai tee “ this coe es we have seen from Wallowa County Cee,
coelie 4 plants ie ah mse (i.e., C, llowense for fod srk hele ig ome ater Gi rens,
peel it seems Weahenie that the ‘ pfctl x) plant: . may have b tion Gecvecn a thos
species. Type locality of C. subniveum is Jackson’s Hole, Wyomin ae
14. Cirsium nidulum (M. E. Jones) Petrak. Nidulous Thistle. Fig. 5915.
Cnicus nidulus M. E. Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. IT. 5: 705. 1895.
Cirsium nidulum Petrak, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35: 553. 1917.
s perennial with long woody taproot that may be once if several times branched at the
top to add ce a leafy crown and 1 or 2 erect toate seis the base of the stems closely invested
with the dried scaly bases of eee leites stems 2.5-10 dm. tall, aiimple or few-branched above,
asal leaves few cm. lon
ong, the
g, 2-2.5 mm. wide, strongly
of the lobes
i Bag light to dark wore ;pappus W whi — - cm ee
pra cade ine morain no:
Zones ngrong Sot gt na fem desert ca pei ~ tees ranges ot eastern Calitareia, caateraed mec “Utah ee
Arizona. Type locality : n red alkaline sand, along the 3 athe. of the Pahria River, at Pahria [Paria],” Kane
County, Utah. June—Oct.
15. Cirsium occidentale (Nutt.) Jepson. Cobweb Thistle. Fig. 5916.
Cardu ee Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. = 7: 418. 1841
Cirsium c ulteri Harv. & Gray in A. Gray, Mem. Am read: 1g OS 110. 1849.
cr sium occidentale Jepson, Fi. W. pre Calif. 509. 1901
coulteri Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 1167. 1925.
annuals, —— a slender ng ingheb taproot; stems erect, leafy, usually
rtas7c
Biennials or winter an
— - tall but sometimes a s sho’ . or as tall as 1.5 m., thinly to thickly arachnoid- or
entose, rarely glabrescent, Sine temocals stata a ulent. Earliest mes oblanceo-
late-elipte, sparsely spinose-dentate ; rosette-leaves numerous, at first sinuately lo 1.
g, becoming 3 dm. long and 0.8 dm. wide, meaty oblanceolate, rather deeply lobed, the lobes
215
526 COMPOSITAE
elow into a spine-bordered, ‘pet iole-like base ; basal leaves and also ne peng thinly atacand, .
thickly white lust on the side, ar id-fl se, or arachnoi p i e
cauline oblongish or lanceolate, shallowly to deeply spiny-lobed, heccrnie: Rte sessile with
lo or shorter, decurrent, ings the point of attachment st
leaves quite reduced but scarcely bracteate, conspicuously spiny ; heads solitary at the ends of more
or less leafy stems, medium-sized to 1 ,3-5.cm. | broad ; involucres campanu-
te to broadly hemispheric, the numerous phyllaries interconnected b b :
grayish white, filmy tomentum, the tomentum tending to b occose in age; phyllaries acicular,
linear or linear-lanceolate, th g downward-poin f
the base, the middle phyllaries spreading horizontally or ascending fr rt appressed base
he spreading part thickish te, attenuate into the short, slender but stiffi e, the inner
phyllaries flattened towar e tip, sharply acute or weakly spine-tipped, spinulose-ciliolate and a
oO ward, not
pa
co
=
o
6
c
=
wn
co
oO
a
a
>
ao
i
=A
ae
oy
i
= 3
n
(md
|
ist)
=
08
>
Coa
“=
a
“
go
=)
)
35
+
ze
je
S
fe) less curvin rd an
glandular ; flowers purplish red or rarely white, scarcely ex ceeding the in valiire: corollas ee of
3.5 cm. long, the tube 13-18 mm. long, gradually widening es the throat, the lobes 7-1
lone. bags af pidaggting linear-filiform due to Sirol trig of margins; achenes oblong to ieee
cun oe . long, 2-2.6 mm. wide, brownish, somewhat shiny ; pappus white or sordid,
33 ¢ i ong.
Claye 7 andy, or gravelly soil of coastal dunes, grassy mesas, and i pan washes, Upper Sonoran and Humid
Transition roses: Séncink County, California, oe ard to cismonta a Giualar southern California. Type
locality: Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara County ich may also be ise: ‘Pe, locality of fe coulteri). April—July.
cobweb Rye is aia? kable and distinctive in its typical form but in places where its rene e approaches
or cece’ that of C. proteanum a seeming genetic blending results that oun account for numerous intermediate
16. Cirsium ghia tami T. Howell. Red or Venus Thistle. Fig. 5917.
Carduus venustus Greene, Proc. Acad. io beset 359. 1893. Not Cirsium venustum Porta, 1909.
Cirsium occidentale var. venustum Jeps FI. Aa var 3167... F925.
Cirsium proteanum J. T. Howell, betes rea "Bot. 9
ong a
and reflexed, typically the outer ones short, ovate-lanceolate, more or less reflexed, the le ones
elongate-lanc coate, bp ap sed carinate-thickened, sovebenty ipceadlana above the. appressed
ee so 2 ihe ro and more or less introrse ost erect, flattened, chartac
cabrous-ciliola te, alle cent he innermost shortly Te Gases an Fo tees -arachnoid- teiriontoee
persisten ntly pubescent or glabrescent, none glandular ; siabak usually crimson-red but varying to
ny urplish red ite, strai a 18-
an
m. long, the lobes 10-12 mm. long; achenes poe ahiea! obovate, 6-7 mm. long, 3 mm. wi
bee aS, i base ; pappus akc about 2 om . lon
Clay: dahity. or rocky tt Diss grasslan br an or open woodland, widespread and common in the drier
nip ore Guscnteias, Up: Son Ge Svat rcstd’ = Canadian Zones; common in the Coast Ranges and_ occasional
n the Sierra Nevada, aitienin Shasta County s uth to Kern and Ventura Counties; perhaps local in western
middle Ne evada. Type locality: ‘hills of the aaee Coast Range of California, from Vacaville southward.
le (Cirsium pastoris J. T. —— Snowy Thistle. Fig. 5918.
Card Greene, Proc. Acad. Phila. 1892: 893.
Cirsi: d i te mum J. F. Macbride, Cont. Cog Herb. No. 53: 22. 1918.
Cirsium candidissim ns Gack s. & Moxley, FI. S. Calif 1923. Not Dammer, 1898.
Cirsium pastoris J. T. Hone ele . Midl. Nat. 30: sty
Plant biennial wit h a stout taproot, the stems and — white-lanate with a close, felt-like
Il e
t tire a
lobed. ae ent base, the leaves on the flowering branches almost bracteate; heads rather few
solitary on longer or shorter, peduncle- like stems, oblongish to hemispheric, ecm Tg lesee and
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 527
4-6 cm. long, rarely (in forms intermediate to C. proteanum) more numerous, smaller, subglobose,
2-3 cm. long; involucre bowl-shaped = campanulate, era
glabrous spines, the tome entum sake
n etween phyllaries iioatly linear to n arrowly lanceolate or the lowest sometim
axel pag soasehy spreading or pn) st
rec ved a uch as 4.5 ¢ the
the d
iddle arcuate- divari icate to ascendi
m. m. long, the ends of the lobes copitelate: shickerieil below the
acute tip; achenes brown, oblong- cuneate, 7-8 oy g bea and about
lon
3 mm. wide; pappus white,
te slopes and flats, Transition Zone; southwestern Oregon southward in the Coast Ranges to Mendo-
ne Coun. hetotadgels mBior and in the Sierra Nevada to the Lake Tahoe region in California and Nevada.
ocality: ‘‘ext nort
2-3 cm
Type
California.” June—Oct
5915. Cirsium nidulum
5918. Cirsium Cee
528 COMPOSITAE
18. Cirsium peer naa Blake. Surf Thistle. Fig. 5919.
Carduus maritimus Elmer, Bot. Gaz 905.
Cosine auiyacost Petrak. Beih. = prey 35: 288. a Not Makino, 1910,
lum Blake, Journ. Wash. Acad. 21: 336.
Bi peeks or perennial, leafy herb with stout la stems and leaves succulent-fleshy, every-
where covered by a white, persistent, close, suede-like tomentum, the stems erect, 0.1- 1 m. ong,
simple or “much branched from the base, giving the plant a rounded We shy appearance.” Earliest
hae ne 9p obtuse, entire or u ndulate, unarmed except for small spinescent mucro at apex or
i a : 1
b
aA fe ed into a rac like base, the blade pinnately. par rted pad
rounded, seeente < or broly elliptic Seenient s, the segments entire or undulate or shallowly lobed,
tippe ed by a short stiff s and bearing several similar spines on the margins ; lower cauline leaves
longish i WwW
se that dev
amplexicaul auricles ; uppermost leaves closely clustered below the heads; heads solitary or 2 to
on short branches in rather loose terminal a rs, ee campanulate, 3-4 cm. long; involucre
2.5-3.5 cm. long, densely arachnoid-tomentos ; phyllaries numerous, strongly ascending, loosely
imbricate or more or less ape ~: ci of all pics: the inner bearitig several stiff, spread-
ing, straight or slightly curved spines and the apices ending in a stout yellowish spine, the outer
and middle ihechue ae tence bike or linear, the inner phyllaries thinner but ending in a stiffish
spine, the sides chartaceous-margined and ciliate-spinulose, the spinules sometimes more or less
crested ; cor
10 achen
rowly cuneate or oblongish, 5-7 mm. long, compressed or plumply turgid, ‘with lateeal pte a
evident, chestnut-brown or light t brown; pappus buff
A remarkable endemic known only from maritime fees r Sonoran Zone; eg Luis Obispo and Santa
Raitace “Countica, California. Type locality: Surf, Santa Sstee ‘Soanty. April- Jul
19. Cirsium “Cine naa Cronquist. Indian Thistle. Fig. 5920.
Cirsium edule of authors in large part, no
Cirsium brevistylum Cronquist, Leaflets = 7226. 1953.
Erect leafy biennial al rarely caring me herb with stout or slender, fusiform taproot ;
sinter a nearly simple or beco robust, and much branche ’ with fastigiately amen
i 5 ae
erminal or racem arise a ote e stems;
volucre campanulate, conspicuously arachnoid-tomentose; phyllaries numerous, loosely imbricate
in many ate AA the outer and middle fanstotate to line songl attenuate and spinose- cates the inner
elongate-attenuate, acute or subspinose, flattened and somewhat twist — te, sometimes a
eines “tiie eee ye reroll: urplish rose, harety whi te, 2-2:5 ¢ g, g, the throat 3.5-6
, the lobes 2-4 sat lon eed minutely cucullate- capitellate a pose tip; achenes elliptic
or blo slightly cu a ‘5 mm. lon ng, t Se ckish, brown; pappus buff or light brown, about
2 cm. long, the bri et Hig a tt poi eer at the
Mo One Ss in woods and brush-or on meadow sas and in forest clearings, Upper Sonoran, Transition,
and Lower ene Zones: "British Columbia to southern California in the Coast Ranges and Cascade Moun-
— east to Montana and Idaho. Type locality: near Montesano, Grays Harbor County, Woshinetax. April-
20. Cirsium édule Nutt. Edible Thistle. Fig. 5921.
Cirsiten edule Nutt. Trans. tsk Phil. Soc. i A 420. 1841.
, Ottawa Nat. 16: 902.
Biennial or perennial monocarpic ie with suena taproot ; stems erect, widely and openly
branched above, frequently stout and hollow, up to 2 m. tall, more or less purplish-tinged, thinly
arachnoid-pubesc r glabrescent. Early a te rather Sgr ee eae ate, 0.3-1.5
d deeply _ nt a below ;
av
flowering season becoming . long and Hsieh g pinnately divided, the ‘divisions lobed or
again divided into oblong or deltoid, spine-ti ipped ‘lobe , the = ps narrowed below to a spinose-
margined, petiole-like base, weakly arachn te ore sien Habeas above and — Soe teed and
i —
Narr Vv te,
spreading tip, the inner phyllaries flattened, weakly s ianee ciliate- pa ame sane y bright —
purple or lavender-rose, more or less me tutcly spreading, the tube about 1 cm. long, the thro
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 529
about 8 mm. long, the lobes 4-10 mm. long; achenes cuneate- se bg flattened, 4-6 mm. long, dark
cn brown; pappus buff, about 1.5 c gar! ¥e a little s
Moist deep soil of woods and meadows or a gh, sandy rocky co eee Canadian, and Hudsonian
Zon nes; southern British Columbia and WV pehinge a es = Cas cade Wountsine and Coast Ranges. Type ogee
“plains of Ore. caer and the Blue Mountains; co e young posers eripped of their bark, ar
monly eaten raw by aah aborigines, her nee a arueweak pledsant sweetish taste.” June—Aug.
21. Cirsium hallii Se eyy x E. Jones. Hall Thistle. Fig. 5922.
Cnicus hallti A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Aca = 56:
Cirsium hallit M. E. oes Bull. Univ. pes oy a No. 15: 47. 1910.
Plan g perce opal short-lived, first blooming the second or ay year, thereafter
aebstontoy at the mit of the taproot a several-branched crown that may produce in oe
plants as many as 5 or 7 flowering shoots at ne time, green and subg uerouE the stems and leave
crisply puberulent and sometimes thinly arachnoid, or the lower Fates of the leaves eravibhe
rachnoi s i h i
arachnoid; stems erect, — 1, virgate and branching near the top, or bushy and branching
fr e. Earliest leaves broadly to narrowly anceolate, merely dentate-spinose o
shallowly undulate-lobed, or pinnately parted ; a rather few, to m. long and 1.2
e, oblanceolate, pinnately ivided nearly to the midvein, the divisions crowded or distant,
triangular or quadrangular, again lobed or oar with the toed tipped by short weak spines, the
hs isn
y
nid)
ALT, ‘
5919. Cirsium rhothophilum $921. Cirsium edule
5920. Cirsium brevistylum 5922. Cirsium hallii
n= IQ -
530 COMPOSITAE
margin of the lobes and of the rachis-like border along the midrib spinulose-ciliate, the blade
eos sae toa rgunina Bi gt petiole-like base ; lower cauline leaves similar to the rosette-
leaves but m € spi ny a the base developing rounded, semi-amplex iat spiny, shortly
decurrent savictes upper ap s reduced, sessile by a broadly clasping base, shallowly to deeply
erm i i i i t uterm
nsed plants ie heads subcongested and leafy-bracteate, parte tan to subglobose,
s the head s
Gattis deicdinmaneed phyllaries; heads solitary or clustered at the ends of elongate branches or
in more conde L d
.5 cm. long, in cha ten te bra nched plants the heads no odding after a nthesis ; involucre
owly
i nd e along the margin
flowers lavender-pink to purplish or whitish, more or less doh a ok in the ing the sek ap Ba
10 mm. long, the throat sven peer fa above the t —6 m obes 3-6 m
long ; ngewe s 5 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, narrowly obovate, Seem E pappus a little sordid, Prise
1.5.6 ere
Deep m of meadows, forest borders, and maritime slopes, Humid Transition and — Zones;
Oregon asey FY i. Cascade Milstein: oan ed in the Coast Ranges, from the Columbia River south to
Coos Bay. Type locality: Salem, Marion Sete April—Aug.
Some of the coast . ds nts are remin sean he C. andrewsii and some of the montane plants resemble C. edule,
but all are referred to C. hallit pending further study.
22. Cirsium andréwsii (A. Gray) Jepson. Franciscan Thistle. Fig. 5923.
Cnicus andrewsii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 10: 45. 1874.
Coleone enekioline Greene, Pittonia 1: 70. 1887.
i Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Calif. 506. 1901.
Plant monocarpic, biennial or perhaps the rosette sometimes So. through two years;
stems erect, 0. m. tall, in robust plants up to in diameter and succulent, usually widely
much-
1
te coro aig td purple, more or _ — in the heads, the tube mm. long, the
throat 4— long, the lobes 5-7 m madi _ ne cuneate- oblong, flattened: 4-5 mm. long,
ety paneer Recncie: pappus buff, aboot A 3 cm
Coastal slopes and arroyos, frequently in wet o hy g alo ms around seepages, Humid
‘Trenaites Zone; central cag Sided - per a Lu
Monterey County. In San Mateo County, plants of this variety form a raristie ei toa iad exhibit csguees
ee. CG. Sar C. callilepis, and ‘tesibiy C. fontinale. Type locality: northwest of San Bruno, San Mateo
25. Cirsium loncholépis Petrak. Gracious Thistle. Fig. 5926.
Cirsium loncholepis Petrak, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35: 375. 1917.
Plants with a stout or slender taproot, annual or perhaps sometimes living more than one
eason, generally stout and succulent, subglabrous or tea 8 crisp-puberulent and arachnoid ;
stems erect, hollow, subsimple, 0.3-1 m. tall, vascular-striate, commonly reddish-tinged. Leaves
id and more or le
lent or subglabrate below; basal leaves unknown; er ine leaves oblanceolate, to 3.5 dm.
long and 1 dm. wide, ivided nearly to the midri : into several-lobed segments, the lobes tipped
y short slender spines, narrowed below into an elongate, spiny-margined, petiole-like base, the
base extending a short distance downward as ie ing; upper cauline leaves much more
e mp o ndric, 3-4 cm. long, s
or densely clustered in twos to fours at the top of the nearly simple stems; severe glabrous, the
Senge saga a a Satna ometimes a little scabrous and the margin freq uently
ro
ine near the margi
spinescent, chartaceous, a little twisted; flowers whitish tinged with pur er corollas rise
long, the tube very slender, 13-17 mm. long, the throat 5-8 mm. long, the lobes . long;
achenes compressed or a little turgid, obovate-oblong, 3-4 mm. Pec 1.5 mm. wide, veteanh brown
mottled w own us ligh 5 cm. ig
Wet soil of coastal hills and flats, often og sare with willow owin the n with marsh plants,
Upper — —— San Luis Obispo and Santa Barbara Cacgaien: ‘Ccltornis. ag focality: near La Graciosa,
Santa Barbara Cou June-Aug. This rare thistle which was ce known until it was studied recently in
the field > Clifton F. "Sete is closely related to the C. foliosum com
26. Cirsium folidsum (Hook.) DC. Leafy or Dwarf Thistle. Fig. 5927.
Carduus besieta Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 303. 1833.
Cirsium foliosum DC. Prod. 6: 654. _
Cirsium Scmawide Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 459. 1843.
ts
Cirsium oo anum K. — um. in Just: Bot. mec 291: 566. 1903.
Cirsi K = Toe. cit.
Carduus ecuue Eastw. ex x Heller, Mublenbersia 2: 160. (Nomen nudum.)
pe irsiu ssipodenanrmeaee i su bsp. lanatum Petrak, Beih, B. Ske .. 354. 1917.
anatum var. oregonense oe rak, op. ¢
irstum i eaiienaaa sillenk latisquamum Petrak, op. cit. 358.
nes drummondii subsp. vexans Petrak, op. cit. ey
q et. var. citrinum Petrak, op. cit. 363.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 533
Plants — genres or short-lived perennials with a thick taproot, eee or with stems
to 1 m. tall; often stout, more ter strongly striate, and hollow ; pubesc sparse to ee
risp, elonga u s
os obose, 3-5 cm. lon c
bres the phyllaries = closely to rather loosely imbricate, the backs glabrous but often more or less
scabrous, he margins a little crisp- -puberulent; ——— ni tom mentor, scabrous-ciiolat, or smooth,
riangul Vv hort
r la a
lavender-pink oe rose, not curving outward, the corolla 2-3 cm. long, the tu —15 mm. long, the
throat 5-10 mm. long, the lobes 4-10 mm. long; achenes light brown, 5-7 mm. long, 2-2.5 mm.
wide, oblongish, a little widened upward; pappus pale brownish buff, 2-3 cm. lon ng.
y or wet places in mountain meadows, sagebrush-covered valleys, open rancor and subalpine slopes,
aistiien Canadian, and Hudsonian Zones; 7 Aaa the Cascade-Sierran re —_ to the east in. Washi ngton,
Or fase and Ca ei i ya pe —— in the — Ranges; witearaad in the ntains and high & ae
kon Rocky Mow
tains. Type locality: reraiics vat the Rocky Moun aan ay—Sept.
The lea e y thistles constitute a Cniyaiorpide postaine in ge of critical study before they can be satisfac-
torily aligned on either specific or subspecific levels.
27. Cirsium ipesasi satin ae: Hooker Thistle. Fig. 5928.
Carduus nae the oe Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 302.
Cirsium hookerianum Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. se = 7: 418. 1841.
Pr et a short-lived perennial with a oot ; stems erect, 0.6-1.5(2) m. tall, nearly simple
or narrowly branched above, thinly a yickmonk neater and sparsely crisp- -pubesce nt. Basal
5926. Cirsium loncholepis
5927. Cirsium foliosum
*
534 COMPOSITAE
leaves narrowly oblanceolate, to 3 dm. long or bk - os iis iv wide, pinnately partes or divided,
the divisions mostly 2- ee with deltoid or ova ish s , the segm mg pig pped with
stiffish yellow spines, the margin sparsely ss el tas. ‘oe below Bo ered,
petiole-like base; cauline leaves similar nae the leaves eer ming shorte neat — ae sessile
upward, the base ‘narrowly spiny-auriculate and more or less decurrent as narrow, spinose-pectinate
hc below the point of attachment; the upper so leaves much reduced, very spiny, linear
or eon ast the ——- st closely subtending the heads, the basal and cauline leaves thinly gray-
a li : “ _ mt alon ei bresce ve
sparse pir pu iebaicran: hea osely or subspicately arranged along the stem from the
middle or above, becoming aut ‘clustered a ge top m 5, plant and oe occasionally at the
ends of abbreviated lateral branches, subg ie g; involucre shortly campanulate,
arachnoid and crisply puberulent “arachn oi :phyliaries fotser, loose, the outer and middle wide ly
spreading and somewhat upw sin -cu above € appresse base, ovate-lanceolate, ending in a
short, stiff, yellow spine, the inner nea phan into a slender, twisted, chartaceous, spinose
tip, the margins citiclase and ane dous, the. outer phyllaries sometimes laterally spinescent, inter-
grading in this character with the u permost bract-like, spiny leaves; flowers whitish or yellow-
i in did ading in the heads; a € e
ish, becom ordid-tan, somewhat spreading in the heads; corollas 2- on tub
2 . long, the t t 6-8 mm. long, th s 5-6 mm. long; achenes oblongish, a little nar-
rowed downward, strongly flattened, 5-6 mm. long, 2 mm. wide; panes
Moist slopes and flats of mountains, thriving in aoe and along roads, Canadian and Boreal Zones rthern
Wa ibiaston vena Me the Concate. Mountains north to British aay reece? and Alberta Beare: to abe Rocky yi Gaisstngaty
Rl ya or ty: BF A Ait oe of the Rocky Mountains.” July—Au ug. Acco g to Cro t_(Vasi Pe mee Northw.
955), specimens Bans of the Canadian border ‘‘vary i he vais ecti jou rs C. fol
28. Cirsium péckii Henderson. Steen Mountain Thistle. Fig. 5929.
Cirsium peckti Henderson, Madrofio 5: 97. 1939.
lowish green, si _ below, branching above the middle, the stem stout, fistulous,
ae in dried specimens brownish or shining and golden, sparsely loose- — with
elongate, shining, translu sate multicellular hairs, nd ogg below. Basal leaves unknown
cauline ‘es narrowly oblanceolate or elliptic-oblanceolate, becom oblong- Sait eolate abov e,
to 2.5 dm. long and 5 cm. wide, parted or divided into as deltoid lobed segments, the lobes
tipped by set or Vygis yellow spines; aves eaves narrowed below to a narro wly bordered,
e
ate
scatiehion pubes nt on the upper aad lower sides es oo se ara 8 and veins or the
: s cm. long. isphe! ge
! eous and flattene e sie p
straight, pale lavender, the corolla 2-3 cm. long, the tube 7-12 mm. long, the throat abou
long, the lobes 7-8 mm. long; achen es light brown, Sapnagete a little whleaed upward, 6-7 mm
long, ie mm. wide; pappus a little pe d, 2 cm. lon
Moist soil and dry stream banks in sagebrush tam Tales Sonoran Zone; eastern ~— of the Steen
and Pueblo Mountains, er County, Oregon. Type locality: Alvord Ranch, east base of Steen Mountains,
Harney ppt June—Jul
Cir: raetériens i. Macbride, Contr. Gray Herb. No. 53: 1918. Stems very leafy, arectnctd-
faunaiiteas with a few pol (re Po shining, Nec Song hairs intermixed: cauline leaves oblong-elliptic, Dai
ey into narrowly deltoid or linear, strongly spin eel pubese ent above get apace wl mt
hai white-tomen ath i heads spi ole etree ag eo stem in the xia of the uppermost cat ine
poem and Po mage subtended by —— reduced, bract- ike anon large, 5.5-7 cm. hi aly cs Hie invo mire
rather den gray nulate-bow1- shaped; phyllaries loosely ascending, strai ak the outer an
middle oie attenuate pe toa on tiff 5) spine, the atten the argin, The. inner flatten
and somewhat curving and Svisied, eats scabridous below the slender. spi fer é tip; corolla whitish,” 3-3.5 em.
long, the tube 1.5 cm. long, the throat 8 mm. long, the lobes 1 cm. long; pappus about m. long, light brown oe
buff, copiously plumose from the base to the scarcely dilatate, barbellula te tip. Known nly from two collection
made at Palo Alto, Santa Clara County, California, by J. W. Congdon in July, in 1897 and in 1901.
29. Cirsium callilépis (Greene) agattes Fringed-bract Thistle. Fig. 5930.
Carduus callilepis ea eee Proc. Acad. Phila. 1892: 358
rae irsium callilepis Jepso: rip Mid. Calif. 507. 1901.
var lilepis Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 1164. 1925.
Perennial herbs, aerial shoots arising from the see or branched, woody n of a
slender or stout root, the new shoots developing from seeds om buds on the sits Rv re ading
roots ; stems erect, generally rather slender, few-branched ate nt sely leafy, 2 dm. tall, a
; : 2 i
or rather strongly striate-angled, crispy-puberulent with elongate, davies tlular, shining hai
mi rachnoid. Earliest Be» small, subentire, prickly-ciliate, narrowly elliptic, the
abre hnoi belo to 4 dm. long
eep dm ns den
weak, the blade narrowed to a more or less spiny- cere ‘petiole vtike base, this base mid-
rib both abo below crispy-puberulent or arachnoid ; lowest cauline leaves senitar but ae a
pom as —— auriculate base, the middle cauline facto ons semi-amplexicaul with a
enlarged, rounded, spiny, shortly rrent base; uppermost leaves much reduced fee
posi tikes ich subglobose or broadly papeniiet. 2-4 cm. long, solitary or clustered on elongate.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 535
slender, somewhat spreading, Ms ehacaith net jade eel Hh ey subglabrous or thinly arachnoid
and hoe arly glabrescent ; phyllaries numerous in many series, a emaing appressed and well imbricate or
(in var. pseu udocarlinoides) Jrequent y souskty prea deena less graduated, the outer and middle
pli llaries narrowly. obov or Sblanbeolatesohovate Sith roundish or ovate, widely margined,
r bee ine
een- t
ps dee dae - lower margins eS a ine cea att rulat mb the inner 0 bent oblong-lanceo-
: i ul
riilute-laterate 6 on the margins and is atpernaati tig a wea twit or curved, spine-like point ;
flowers ee a > light brownish, corolla 2-2.5 cm. lon ng, t the 1 megs — ot 4-7 mm. long, the
tube abou ; achenes rod rowly oblanceolate or nearly elliptic, 7 mm. long, thers brown;
vada Tight beeen, sit 5-2 cm. long, the erie scarcely enlarged at the rr
Grassy places on the edge of brush or woods, Humid Tra —_ on Beef eg fart skew Canal sada just
north of a Erancisco Bay. Type echt: “Western Cali for and ‘ Mt. ais and northward” (FI.
Fran. ral
m remotifolium var. odontolépis vadage pe, Bot. Centralbl. 35: 298. 1917. Tips of the ae
asennad % oe recurved. Known only from the hi yo collected on Mount Tamalpais, Marin County
‘irsium callilepis var. or onénse it 5. well, Leaflets West. Bot. a8 10. a (Cirsium
Pattee Beih. pwn “Genial 35: 300. 1917.) ‘Phy llaries numer in ey
series, subappressed, conspicuous “ool scarious or ceous, Foo uter shortly spinose at ‘he ema filamin
cordate tip, the margins Picly fre riat te taewente oe to t = baee € the middle ee Race | HP gee dee with. ae
et and expanded, gestions, Manette tips, the inner s light rose enanter, ovate-de a nginx! acu — or
inulose; flowers pink. n forests of central Oregon, Thich in the Cascade hecntald Type | locality : mp
Polk, Crook County. uly ut
Cirsium callilepis var. potent (Petrak) J. well, loc. cit. (Cirsium remotifolium subsp.
pseudocarlinoides Petrak, Beih. gad Pra ire 35: 297. Hots -Phyllaries oblance ry or oblong to oblong-
linear, mostly loosely ascending, Paes r phyllaries entire and gradually narrowed to the spiny tip or frequently
the upper part chartaceous and spars fe spinose-dentate the tip of the a sag scarious- or Tharencende:
expanded, the margin deeply gaa irregularly lac bate Bes briate, the in phylla with scarious, curved sed
twisted tips gs are serrulate- bape rong and spinulote- attenuate. rass' and and die of valleys and mou
tains, mostly the Humid Transition Zone or Canadian Zone; from central California north to carthwestern
Oregon. Type for ality: Mount "Tanialp ais Marin Count _ Wasmann Journ. Biol. lke € ;
On Mount Tamalpais, ae hale been found that are perhaps perived from a cross with C. quercetorum.
At Willits, Mendoc no Cou , a plant with the inner or ola glandular may ae a pba with C. cymosum.
Cir mbly pa ak, Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 35:.312. 1917. simi lar to llilepis var. pseudo-
carlinoides poh sath Oiytinsies appress sed and imbricate and with the , -tips less Goatiy scarious-margined ;
a pres sus beet - tween C. callilepis var. pseudocarlinoides and C. etorum. Type locality: Mount Tamal-
pais, Marin pot
30. Cirsium acanthodontum Blake. Klamath Thistle. Fig. 5931.
Cirsium acanthodontum Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. No. 53: 28. 1918.
pai sitions eset oped ee . Biol. Soc. Wash. 32: 43. 1919
rivulare Nels, Man. FI. PI. Calif. 1164. 1925.
ee hort “he aerial paige arising singly or igi from the simple or somewhat
che od n of the stout or slender taproot, cee owns developing from seedlings or
produced along elongate te hneeate spreading roots; stems ie cag oe aoe. 0.5-1.1 m. tall (or
dwarfed and Jess than 1 dm. tall), simple or few-bran ched abov more robust a Baki gan
536 COMPOSITAE
crisp-pubescent or glabrescent. Earliest leaves small, pained elliptic- et entire or
sparsely spinulose-denticulate, the leaves of the basal rosette usually few, varyin one sbi
m — to deeply pinnately divided, narrowly to broadly chistes Le 54 bits
subentire leaves 1.5—3 cm. broad, the lobed or Pap leaves 3-10 cm. broad, the lobes and divisions
short and deltoid to elongate and again lobed or divided, the lo bes _ eee in slender wea
spines, the leaf-margin more or less as al edt tow the narrowed, pctinke fie
base; lower cauline leaves similar to the mee pews but the ae blade-like part extending
t ec a
h u
ing, the inner tenis sia si inear-oblong, the sides smooth or spinulose- eee, the tip
more or less chartaceous-scarious and lacerate, triangular-acute or sometimes flabellate, the median
line of the inner silanes eiaiidndar ; corollas slgeite tapings: 2 me the Bead, rosy-purple or lavender-
the 5m ipti
Moist deep soil of woods and meadow borders, or on rocky cuts and exposed maritime slopes, Humid Transi-
tion Zane: Coast Ranges from Curry County, ae south to oe County, California. Type locality:
“dry rocky soil, 6.4 km. north of Agness, Curry Co.,’’ Oregon. June—Sept.
31. Cirsium remotifdlium (Hook.) DC. Remote-leaved Thistle. Fig. 5932.
Corduns remotsfolius Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 302. 1833.
Prod. &: 655. 1837.
Cirsium stenolepidum Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 419. 1841.
Biennial or short-lived Bohtipas: ¥ her se with a rather stout taproot (or perhaps with ne
rosettes pacts a izome-like ts) ; stems erect, 0.3-1.5 m. tall, remotely iy rather closely cee
terete but somewhat longitudinally pray purplish- tinged above poopeers with oe S ae ate,
multicellular, alliage sed hairs, also thinly arachno id a cely
the base. Basal leaves an es na long and 1 dm. wide, narrowly elliptic, deeply ete 8 d or
parted, the segments br val obongish and genera ally 1-lobed on the outer side, the segments an
lobes shortly and weakly s tipped, the margin spa a spinulose ciate, chen. arachion
tomentose below with ainin a Sanltcetinies baits along midrib and veins, gla brate above with
scattered, abenicig 1 adie lular hairs, the blade narrowed graduall a a od su a te phe ae
a €
at the ends . short, Lagat or sparsely leafy-bracted, peduncle-like stems or rarely some 0 the
nvolucre oi
ho i e gi L
below the tip, the inner phyllaries attenuate into a thin, slender, somewhat twisted, spinescent tip,
the margins spinulose-ciliate, or the fe a little expanded and Grate. fringed; flowers ——
sordid, the corollas 2 cm. long, the mm. long, the lobes a ual, mm. long; achen
dark or light brown speckled with aoe eee sh brown, scarcely sh ing, 4-5 mm. long, reams
cuneate ; Dappite 2 cm. long, sordid-whitish, the bar bellulate tips oor exp ande d.
Ran
Type locality: ee = Pie valley of ie Columbia.” i? har “Almost cvecywherd this this 4 et nee to
r i
n.
ybrid-suspect between C. pacciee Sec and C. pons hes been collected on Sexton Mountain, Josephine
yanigg =r It resembles C. semchihann but it is more tomentose and many of the phyllaries are glandular
ong the midr
Cirs: mendocinum whol Beih. Bot: Centralbl. 35: 339. 1917. Sim o C. remotifolium but the leaves
much a spiny, the involucres more copiously arachnoid, and the flowers ara ve urplish due either = =
corolla or colored anther- nr a ese characters are reminiscent of C. andrewsii. rushy and wooded places on
the coastal pind of Mendocino County, California, the type locality
82. ——— andersonii (A. Gray) Petrak. Anderson’s Thistle. Fig. 5933.
C: A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 10: 44. 1874.
Cirsium andersonii Petrak, Bot. Tidsskr. 31: 68. 1911.
Perennial sete with widely ee Sagi ——— roots from which flowering plants
with stout taproots, woody and so ee - — ces, and erect stems develop; stems
usually 4-7 dm retry rarel ees crane eal ai eS = much as 10 dm. tall, sparsely crisp
puberulent and arachnoid-tomentose or pron atte Paws purplish. Leaves of the first season
few, small, obl olate, obtuse or subacute, spin dentate some undulate and spiny
the margin, in s (or perh after several years?) developing a large rosette from
which the flowering sh or s 3 m. long and m. wide, oblong-
gro osulate leave: 0:3:
oblanceolate, pinnately divided with the divisions again lobed, rather sparsely and weakly spiny
particularly on the acute tips of the lobes, the bl nd narrowed below to a petiole- like base; caul-
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 537
ine leaves frequently rather sparse, oblanceolate or oblongish, to 2 dm. long, pinnately lobed o
divided into 1-3-parted, ovatish lobes or divisions or in depauperate plants the cauline sts
m
and ¢g .
palate, G. 5)4-5(6 long, closely subtende y fe ew or several reduced leaves with spiny
marg r rarely the subeoridine feives foliaceous ; favéliere thinly floccose-tomentose or glabres-
ene 35 cm. long; phyllaries numerous, appressed or somewhat spreading, the outer narrowly
ovate to lanceolate, the middle aaeh tant late, both the outer and nde: phyllaries tipped by
sp ir h atten e
mutico r spinescent tips, the sree: part of the inner phyllaries — scabrous-pubescent and
pupal: eokotias purplish rose, 3-4.5 cm. long, the lobes about 1 cm. long, the throat 1-1.6 cm.
long achenes strongly flattened, oblong-cuneate, 6-7 mm. long, Cowh: pappus sordid-white,
2.5-4 long.
n gers forests and dry meadows, Arid Transition Zone to Hudsonian Zone, 2,700-10,000 feet;
One
mountains of a California mt Boe urd ihrouah the Sierra Nevada st sage ees southwestern Tdaho and
western Nevad Type locality: “Sierra Nevada, California, and adjacent part of Nevada.’’ June—Oct
= —
ee ee
——
———
—————
—S
y Za
———
SS
i
eed : anutet Willaty
Or 7 oh Sae ay vi a ,
sol ah
5930. Cirsium —
5932. Cirsium remotifolium
5931. Cirsium acan 933. Cirsi dersonii
Ca)
538 COMPOSITAE
33. Cirsium campylon H. K. Sharsmith. Hamilton Thistle. Fig. 5934.
Cirsium campylon H. K. Sharsmith, Madrofio 5: 85. 1939.
Stout, succulent, perennial herb with a thick woody root-crown; stems erect, thick, hollow,
0.3-2.1 m. tall, greenish or sometimes purplish-tinged, arachnoid- tom entose and also sparsely
glandular-puberulent, the to mentum mostly deciduous. Earliest leaves small, thin, oblanceolate,
undulate-lobed and spinulose- sa st subgla brous; later basal leaves forming a small or large,
up to7d 2 i
ose rosette lan n dm
parted or divided into broad ae peasiente, the lobes ending ina aig bogs: spine and ne a
i with thin ar id tom
sisting and sometim to an elongate, more
or less spiny-bordered petiole; cauline leaves smaller, oblanceolate or more fre requently oblongish
or lanceolate, the petiole-like base spiny-lobed to the bottom or the cauline leaves bro adly sessile
with semi-amplexicaul base, the basal lobes more or less decurrent and strongly spiny ; uppermost
leaves becoming reduced and bract-like but not a sphtending the heads; it ng solitary or
wiser eee Samed at the ends of ea ayes eads or cluster nodding, the heads
broader than long, 2.5-3.5 cm. long an aati coe prose or more or less
ged ith ~ aoe ped buberulent tnct not arachnoid, age outer strongly recurved, narrowly ovate,
e ply acute o
tip; flowers sordid-white or somewhat pinkish-tinged, becoming sordid-brownish in a e, the
corolla about 2 cm. long, the tube 5-6 mm. long, the throat about 10 mm. long, the lobes more or
less unequal, 4-5 mm. long; achenes oblong-cune ate, 4-5 mm. long, light to eek brown; pappus
rather sparse, light brownish, i oi 1.be
Restricted to the Mount Hamilton Range a the South Coast Ranges of California in Stanislaus and Santa
Clara a e middle.
nutans.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY
539
Plants annual; heads erect, densely clustered, rarely solitary, cylindric, 1.5-2.5 cm. long, 1-1.5 cm. wide, rather
ew w-flowered; phyllaries spreading slightly near the tip.
a
Phyllaries more or less scarious-margined, the tips glabrous and smooth except on the ap ape margin.
richom
uiflorus.
oe
. C. pycenocephalus.
2.
rina 0° ea rian arena -margined, the tips roughened on the margin and back by sient caus a
1. Carduus nitans L. Musk Thistle. Fig. 5936
Carduus nutans L. Sp. Pl. 821. 1753.
ants pinay thinly t poneitiees or glabrous
elongate branches abov
s; stems =p Sr
the base, the lower leafy
win
1.5 (or 2) m. tall, simple or
Po mre 3 winged, the peduncle
g&
5934. Cirsium campylon
5935. Cirsium fontinale
. Carduus nutans
5937. Carduus tenuiflorus
40
540 COMPOSITAE
bract-like, the basal leaves short-petiolate, the cauline sessile ane decurrent in the spiny wings;
heads soli tary. modding. | oe mo ostly 3-5 cm. long and 4-8 cm. wide; involucre hemispheric, th
ate, scarcely spinose, purplish; flowers purple; achenes obovate, 3-4 mm. long, rina
wr rinkled, bie ish; pappus- -bristles numerous, whitish, 1.5-2.5 cm. long.
Rar d local weed along roads and in grassy places; Whatcom and wii tman Counties, Washin on
ballast, ‘Linnton, pyre mah County, beer Walnut, Los Angeles Courity: California; occasional ene ia to
British — a (Alexis Creek) a nd eastward to the Atl antic; Argentina. Native of the Old World. May-Sept.
Carduus acant catia ~ as. ‘Pl. on. pobieae Plant biennial, the erect — spinose-w eo leave
brescent, petrol margined; hea late or hemispheric, solitary or few-clustered, 1.5-2. os, eae and
octane mar tie 7 phyllaries ae or linear- lanceolate, the outer and middle at “spreading or machiaal. short-
spino orolla reddish purple, nearly 2 c ong; achene oblong- eevee Pass ng, brown, ob-
arciy ieneliadinatty nerved and finely transversely rugulose; pappus whitish, cy. : ng. Ne ee Lake
Waha, Nez Perce County, western Idaho; occasional east to the Atlantic; Argentina. Native a Europ
2. a tenuiflorus Curtis. Slender-flowered Thistle. Fig. 5937.
Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis, Fl. Lond. Fasc. 6, pl. 55. 1790-98.
Carduus neglectus of pen authors, in part. Not Tenore.
Plants annual, more or less tomentose, the upper side of the leaves glabrescent; stems atstt,
3-20 dm. tall, aetowly to broadly spiny-winged, simple or fastigiately few-branched from
the base. Leaves Aaa ey to elliptic or obovate, to 1.5 dm. long an cm. wide, the banat
shortly petioled and sometimes only gis lly EA Re apantine i and decurrent from the
n J i pa d in
e gt al
and paw ak eure: at the ends of st and branche oP fre sy more than 5 in a cluster ; phyl-
laries numerous in several series, tay Se lo oosely imbricate, the outer and middle ovate to lanceo-
r
sordid-whitish, 1-1. 5 cm
ssy slopes, open ey and r Coast Ranges from_ notte County, Oregon, to central paeriavi,
seuainete in the Sierra Nevada foothills — poe Pees toR ; Texas. Native ‘of Europe. April—Aug
in rm he corolla f
as the c bia rece sched oblong, 4-5 mm. long, brownish, usually finely 10-13- pie tenet
. long.
3. Carduus pycnocéphalus L. Italian Thistle. Fig. 5938.
Carduus pycnocephalus L. Sp. Pl. ed. 21151. 1763.
Plants annual, gray-green to white-tomentose, the upper side of the leaves glabrescent, scabrid ;
stems erect, 1.5-10 (or 20) dm. tall, simple or few- branched, rather narrowly spiny-winged, the
wing-spines Svaticaie toctnmtal: often ong cae rigid. Leaves oblanceolate or lanceolate to
oblongish and rarely ovate, to 15 cm. lon —_ cm. wide, pinnately parted into spiny-toothed or
-lo segments, the terminal spine of the segments and s the most prominent and rigid, the
basal and lowest cauline leaves short- seticlate. the middle cauline leaves narrowly cuneate, the
upper So heads cylindric, 2-2.5 cm. long, gene rally 2-5-clustered at the ends of stems
and branches, or metimes solitary ; chyllties eatin in several series, rather loosely imbri-
n
scab rt ic
midrib, the inner phyllaries Snes, less rigid and nearly innocuous; flowers reddish purple, the
corolla-lobes about three times as long as the corolla-throat ; achenes oblong, buff or pale brown,
shining, 6 mm. ppu 2 cm. long.
On grassy flats and slopes and along ro: oads; widespread and common in the San Francisco Bay area, Cali-
fornia; local in Lane County, ore n, and in Eldorado and San Diego Counties, California. Native of the
Mediterranean region. April—June
144. CRNTOURRA L. Sp. Pl. 909. 1753.
s
graduated, the innermost frequently shortened and connivent, or the innermost occasionally
longest. [An ancient Greek name, signifying the centaurs’ plant, of obscure application]
A genus of about 400 species, found largely in the Mediterranean r but occ rides also in North a
South America and Australia. All of ours are introduced. Type species, 'aaeares gone ide m L.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 541
Flowers purple, blue, pink, or white; stems more or less angled but not winged.
Pangea numerous, _subplumose, deciduous, the cc puagwraeel the y's as es to 1 * waar flowers per-
fect; phy pectinately fringed . C. repens.
ig depres if Leese spree frequently paleaceous, : mm. Aisle or Seba: eed de in head
Sterile, r
Phyllaries with a dria’ or short terminal spin
Heads 2-3 ong; involu ar spines snes and eosinengga —3 cm. long; fl pink to p
Paseul & nneingt the paleaceous bristles 1-2 mm. lon 2. C. sber:
Pappus none. pe ka pore
Heads 1-1.5 cm. nee, oe seen aeres involucral spines short and oe oy a long;
flowers white or rarely
Phyllaries not spine- Nanad or, if middle termi a pond division of the appendage is viata ‘ai ieaiat,
then the spinule shorter Pt ‘ie lateral “Grice
Leaves pinnately to bipinnately parted or divided; pice pink; plants biennial or perennial.
5. C. maculosa.
Leaves entire or with a few salient lobes ~ = flowers blue or purple, rarely white or pink.
Plan
s annual; leaf-blades ig 08 ear to narrowly oblanceolate, 1 cm. wide or less; Letina
well developed, to aps OF
Plants perennial; leaves pcan or elliptic, few-lobed ra ries to 3 cm. wide; “papeus
generally poorly developed or none, if present 1 mm. long or les:
piacere - middle phyllaries broad and rounded, scarious or lacerate, not pectinate,
vering the base of ip phy llaries; sterile marginal flowers coletee aor none
- por re sietted by small si A ope
Appendages of middle plas pestinate fringed; pappus usually p Z
Involucre as wide endage of _ egg A dagge bea bre completely covering
the base of the pet Doe the "ie ciniae se se, mostly once to three times the
width of the undivided body of the phyllary
Appendages id phyllaries light to dark beolir, the laciniae about as long as the
undivided body PF the phyllary; sterile marginal watt Pool a. ey
enla lla
Appieisdglics of snstlariae blackish, the laciniae two three times o width of
the body of the phyllary; sterile marginal Pethestts lacking.
9. C. nigra
joudece cylindric, longer than wide; appendage of middle poe he ke gall, not en-
rely covering the base of the jy bee sterile ma ou enlarged;
oapiiik reduced t Apnaiivts scales
Flowers yellow, ~ outermost eure stems. win the an pte eal fase phyllaries weaning salina -tipped.
Heads about 1.5 cm. long; spines Fy ie "olay acts s 0.5-1 cm. long, slender, purplish- wa Kt i nish-
ti cok Fiat on the ap 11. C. mel
Heads about 2 cm. long; spines on oo cage phyllaries 1-2 cm. long, stout, yellow, terete.
12. C. solstitialis.
1. Centaurea répens L. Russian Knapweed or Turkestan Thistle. Fig. 5939.
Centaurea repens L. we lLede2. ng 3:
Centaurea picris Pall. ex Wil ld. Sp. Pi. 3: 2302. 1804.
Acroptilon picris Boiss. Fl. Orien. 3: er: 1875.
Plants perennial with widely anrending: deep-seated rootstocks from which the aerial chee
arise; stems erect, openly branched, leafy, terete, wingless, 2-10 dm. ta ll. Leaves thinly tomen-
tulose or glabrate, pale green or canescent, scabrous-margined, the basal leaves sacle shlong”
oblanceolate, to 8 cm. long and 2 .5 cm. wi = acute, deeply and seeularty pinnately lobed or
divided, the i nt again lobed or only serrate, acute, petiole shorter than the blade, the lower
cauline leave what ener pinnately ied 6 r divided or saliently serrate, the upper leaves
narrowly oxigtag: 13 cm. long, 2-7 mm. wide, maceiwed to a sessile base, abruptly acute and
5938. Carduus pycnocephalus
AW
542 COMPOSITAE
ucronate, entire or serrate; heads solitary at the ends of the branches or sometimes a few in
loot cluster, ovate, 1.5- cm. igh; involucres thinly tomentulose or glabrous, the outer aia
middle phyllaries with a rounded herbaceous part capped by a broad fe aline appendage, oy ap-
pendage obtuse or acute, thinly pilose and ciliate, the inner phylaries becoming narrower and
onger, oblong or lanceolate, the appendage Taite and acu acuminat if the in pe
i nd penic ;
m a
raps oblongish, somewhat compressed or obcompressed, ivory-w ite; p pappus- -bristles
o 1 cm. long, numerous, early deciduous, the outer shorter in more slender, the inner longer and
fnanouiie a Tittle paleaceou at sien all more or less plumos
Cultivat ed fields, pastures, and roadsides, widespread and locally common at lower elevations and in warmer
drier parts; Washington so sithern, Caton British Columbia; east to the central United States; Argentina.
Native in athers Russia and central Asia. May—Oct
2. Centaurea ibérica Trev. Iberian Star-thistle. Fig. 5940.
Centaurea iberica Trev. in Spreng. Syst. 3: 406. 1826.
Plants biennial _ a — 0 me stems —_ 5-10 dm. high or more, much branched and
bushy from below, terete or a little angled. Leaves pu ebenuil ent or thinly tomentulose, the upper
somewhat eaberisiss: the ois 1 ives Teautite ebladetotate o 4.5 dm. long, once or twice deeply
lobed or divided, the segments oblong to elliptic, obtuse or oa mucronulate-serrulate or entire,
i auline le & ivi
-lo
heads sessile or. shortly pedunculate, ovate or sialeccan et a cm. 008 involucres glabrous,
the phyllaries nerveless, very stiff-coriaceous, pale with n white-scarious margins,
the outer phyllaries small and nearly oe eiie the middle | phyllaries sibddnced into a rigid, spre pe
ing, i gant spine 1-2.5 cm. long, the spine channeled on the upper side and bearing 1 3 pai
of small spines near ‘the base, the co phyllaries sachet tipped by a broad, “denticula te or
lacerate, sratioas appendage; flow Achner or purplish, the outer not enlarged; achene oblong,
mm. long; pappus ‘res sent, ae ‘brist es flattened and in several series, the outer short, the
inner longer and narrower and about half the length of the achene
An uncommon weed, occurring my abe in o Sear Santa Barbara, and Sie Diego Counties, California. Native
of southern Europe and western Asia. July—Sep
3. Centaurea calcitrapa L. Purple Star-thistle. Fig. 5941.
Centaurea “yep L. Sp. Fi. 917: 1752.
’ € .
oer: about 1 dm. Ion cm. wide, aig or twice- < ae age rip ee oblongish,
n
shor
he saline leaves short-petiolate or sessile, decurrent, danoky. peace divided into oblong-
linear segments, the uppermost leaves sessile, easire-or ate or serrate-lobed, the apex and teeth
m or
ious margins, the outer phyllaries with a short rt spine, the middle —— melger ig ed into a
stout, spreading, stramineous spine 1.5-3 cm. long, the Si a channele r side, bearing
2 or 3 pairs of short, stiff, lateral spines at the sole the inn , asa. Raat q small spine or
a spineless sido ee Med owers purple, the outer ears enlarged; achenes subobovate,
re ease m. long; pappus C,
and roadsides, common middle western California; Humboldt County to aug Clara
gear Capaetare iheniins g, Washington; = ballast, Linnton, Oregon; Nanaimo, Vancouver Island; eastern
United States. Native in the 5, World from southern Sweden to North Africa and central Russia. ay—Nov.
umboldt_and Riv alifornia, a variant of C. calcitrapa is found in which the beads are
spines more slen : and shorter, and the inner achenes (which are fertile) pappus-bearing.-
itrapoides
Ait. j ‘ C261. 1 feo" 'P Plants annual (on perennial?), giebeoss oe thinly nach a “an
bove; stems to 2 m. _ fog ; lower cauline L.. lyrate-pinnatifid, cm. long and 10 cm. wide, sessile hi
i tly # Gea hase, the vg ae og irregularly epic all lobed or parted, the nf 98
ong;
t
ermost ir lave
outer sterile corollas much oe gh achenes buff, 3-3.5 mm. lon s of graduated white pee to ees r
long, none on outer sterile achenes. Locally established in central aa gra California; San put: anta
Barbara, and in Los Angeles ited hg near Watts and Whittier. Native of North Africa. May
; ; ; * 1837.) nual;
s and pedeneics ic ia p _lower leaves innately divided a parted, eet
og ut : s
phyllaries appresse ie epermn tae “event cry ovate, Nena narrowed be a yh vr Ped or reflexed spin e, the some
rather erent eh yellow iu, 2-5 mm. jong, the base of the spine and margin of ~ ited
came. the outer sterile and radiately much enlarged; achenes poe t “¢ 5m _ ong, phen 5 sh br rown, finely pitte
ween the longitudinal ribs, the ise of oe achene and margin of the aitecbenent- scar smooth, bony, ivory; Aang +08 :
bristles paleaceous, graduated i in rng to 3 mm. long, pale brownish. An established garden escape in Sa sj
ie California, since 1904. Native in the western part of the Mediterranean region. April—Jun
urea moschata T.. Sp. PL. 909. 1753. (Amberboa forage DC. Prod, 6: 560. 1837.) Plants poms
; y rounded Dn witha wie of 100 spreading, appendage; ee f,
thinly oil purplish, or whitish, the outer a a much enlarged; achenes nearly smooth, brownish blac
thinly mm. long; pigpiee bitten paleaceous, the innermost the hengeat: and 3 mm. lo
f garden yg sometimes becoming established in waste ground; native in southwestern ‘acie.
lao Se Sweet Sultan.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 543
4. Centaurea diffiisa Lam. Tumble Knapweed. Fig. 5942.
Centaurea diffusa Lam. Encycl. 1: 675. 1783.
lants biennial with an ny ih taproot, asi Sie or pale green, pubescent or thinly floccose-
stenoses becoming glabrate, scabrous; stems erect, (1 or) dm. tall, angled but not winged,
ranched near or abov he branc ne poeta and intr nese Basal leaves rosulate,
i i d wide i
ster] : sn
or bla ckis h “tetany striate with several conspicuous or faint, pale or ivory lines; ee none or
on the inner achenes represented by white paleaceous scales less than 1 mm . lon
Fields, roadsides, and waste ground, locally common; Washington and northern fea east of the Cascade
Mountains; Tdaho and southern British sey occasional in central and eastern United States. Native in
southeastern ican and western Asia. June—Sep
\ WE gs
Wi
tre
A
5940. Centaurea ibe:
5941. Centaurea ak
. Centaurea diffusa
5943. Centaurea maculosa
~
544 COMPOSITAE
Centaurea virgata var. squarrésa Boiss. Fl, Orien. bi Ae 1875. (Centaurea squarrosa Willd. Sp. Pl.
3: 2319. 1804.) Plants Liab ont — Sane from the crown of a stout taproot; stems about 5 dm. tall, branch:
ing widely above, scabro low S pinnate or eee ia se wie, mg SERRE, long- petioled, the middl and
upper leaves sessile, pin mene or pita “iy Sa revolute; heads small, -3 cm. long; involucres vat -
about 7 mm. = tote green and preted Pet a little violet-tinged, the middie whollatieg pri ab fringed with
short spines cen the sides below the terminal squarrose spine which is 1—2(or 3) mm. long, the innermost phyl-
_—— eb agai or nea arly > the Pd narrowed and hyaline; flowers pinkish or lavender, the eee ones sterile and
omewhat enlarged; achen -5-3.5 mm. long; pappus- -bristles slender white, to 2.5 mm. long. Occurring locally
n County, Califo ornia, and in adjacent gore co? bey
aeae Utah. Native of middle eastern Europe to petry Asia pe eae, July—Aug. In typical C. vir
the terminal spine of the involucral bracts is shorter or even lackin
5. Centaurea maculésa Lam. Spotted Knapweed. Fig: 5943.
Centaurea maculosa Lam. Encycl. 1: 669. 1783.
Biennial or short-lived perennial with 1 to several stems arising from the top of a stout tap-
root, ane or pale green, arachnoid-tomentulose or glabrate, scabrous; stems erect, 2-8 (or 15)
dm. tal , angled but not winged, branching near the middle or above, the branches not very numer-
us a e low oO
s pink, rarely white,
= ; yo 3m g, bro blacki sath several faint pale
pi gig lines ; pappus present, i Sa iy salad cant bristles tae in length, the longest
2-3 mm. lon
Fields, —— and waste ground; 1 Oregon east of the Cascade Mountains north through weste
post ome va Washington to British edt hin Tdaho and Montana; widespread in central and eastern United States
and Canada. Native in Europe and western Siberia. June-—Oct
Cask taurea cineraria L. tek . 912. 1753. Plants perennial, bushy, stems and 1 s white-
tomentose or pale green. All | ves except the youngest an a ‘uppermost bipinnate or bipinnately pets ded, the
oe narrowly oblongish ne) obtuse, the uppermost leaves seg eit divided or set Sb He rather large,
2.5 cn ome. teers 8 arranged; Sng apg d seb 2 vate, about 1.5 cm. long, the phyllaries pale green except
for the hea ac or ig sh margin and a pa pressed, the aseue margins oechinate: Seiliite, the terminal
seta stiff and subspin shorter than the Metered” aoige and. less than 1 mm. long, squarrose, the innermost ohyE
laries with a deneculate scarious tip; flowers purple, t terile outer corollas enlar ed; achenes 3 mm. long;
pap} cf Pa ua numerous whitish bristles 4 mm. long. el ally spontaneous near eardenk in central and southern
Calif. Native of southern Europe and North Africa, ay: Dusty Miller.
Cen entaurea salmantica L. Sp. Pl. 918. 53. (Microlonchus salmanticu 1837.) Plants
perennial. Lower leaves pinnate, ‘the lateral ean ets few and rather remote, i and ru uncinately pinnatifid
oe aot arany Bose! Ra ularly caine, scabrid-pubescent, the upper leaves Bs sm alles than the dower, pinnatifid
; heads 2— "2. m. long; involucre globose-conic, strongly constricted at the top, 1-2 cm. long, the
shyliarics amet , triangular. rete: subglabrous, pale yellow-green, blacki hs at the PR aes by a Thaet spinose
mucro about 0. Poy long or ag t i ; flowers
op h or whit atkenes about 3. 5 mm. long, light brown with vertically arranged: _ tran
dark seal areolae, the name of the achene and ial = the smooth, bony, and yellowish; pappus-
Lt gourys LS weep aca . long except the inner: ngle, a pie acuminate bristle ahh ch is 3.5 mm. long.
dere. Son soma fone Calitornia. wre Sg it has not — ee collected; dooryard weed, Jerome,
shading Pgaidsb of the Mediterranean region. April-Sept. Escobi
6. Centaurea cyanus L. Cornflower or Bachelor’s Button. Fig. 5944.
Centaurea cyanus L, Sp. Pl, 911.
Centaurea cyanus var. denudata Suskd. Schiele vs 43. 1927,
lants eres "ong occose- secoentnne usually thinly so, rarely almost re : little ——
3
stems erect, 1-7 dm. tall, simple or more commonly openly branched, the stems and bran
slender, terete or s conenitiae ed, not winged. Basal and lower cauline sg ee e
linear, prominently pinnately few-lobed or lyrate-pinnatifid, short-petioled, to 1 ng =
1 cm. wide, the and upper cauline leaves narrowly oblanceolate or linear, sessile, dentate
entire, sharply acute or acuminate, the 1 side arachnoid-to se, a ve inly
branches,
or €
or glabrate, the margin revolute; heads solitary at the ends of slender, pedun
1 oss ; involucre ovate or oblong-ovate, thinly tomentulese, t the
cm. long, about 3 cm. acr phy
laries coriaceous, spineless, the outer and middle duet with t Sues margins, the margin
pectinately y parted into sharp tr a = lobes and forming a i serrate-parted appendage at
the tip, the innermost phyllaries oblong, entire except at the m r les serrate-lacerate tip;
flowers blue varying t thi nae 54 rple, the outermost sterile flowers with much elongated,
palmately i mi corollas, the ray-like limb about : e the funnelform throat ;
achenes 4 mm. | ye ad ete nin brown or buff, thinly pubescent above, densely so at the
very ba ppu ait 4 mm. long, con i 4 of numerous, ood graduated, brown bristles, nar-
rowy oblong, Saree aaa a little pie
brushy hills and valleys as well as in fields and along roads; widespread and naturalized in Wash
scaeen’ ie ring and ph rage aa i fornia, occasional southward to southern Californie as an escape from m cultivation;
deer Colemabie? Fike & tlantic coast. Native in the Mediterranean region; introduced in many parts
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 545
7. Centaurea jacea L. Brown Knapweed. Fig. 5945.
Centaurea jacea L. Sp. Pl. 914. 1753
oe the stems eae or Ferree from a woody root- sagdviainn pale green, thinly
mostly 5-10 dm
and pubescent, becoming scp: sabe stems erect,
veniane near the mid le or atoee, the Srenthes rather
r
few and ate. -B: and lower cag = s oe sparse, oblanceolate or aural elliptic,
the blade - — — oe and 3 cm. wide, entire or coarsely few-lobed, pubescent above below,
scabrous s, long- ine salts. Pa betiole slender, nearly as long as the blade or longer,
the adie! cantina: eves lanceolate, oblon oblanceolate, entire, serrulate or shallowly
lobed, Sia the uppermost leaves similar ae smalle
hig a solitary at the ends of the branches; invo
i i b the phy
tip, entire to e; flowers rose to purple, rarely white, the
outermost corollas enla nspicuous ; parece oblongish, 3-3.5 mm. long, light brown
with a few mega lennttoeeal lines ; pappus none or represented by a few very short scales less
than 0.5 mm. lon
Se be Scene = nh idee and along roads; Washington and Oregon, chiefly west of the Cascade Mountains;
east to the Atlantic. Naturalized from Europe. j une—Aug.
a
ue Ui
REN M ws y
5944. Centaurea cyanus 5946. PORRRE e selina
5945. Centaurea jacea 5947. Centaurea nigra
546 COMPOSITAE
= Centaurea preen Thuill. Protean Knapweed. Fig. 5946.
Cent Thuill. Fl. Paris “nk 2.4 1799,
yee nigra var. radiata DC. Fl. Fra ae ak 1815.
lants similar to C. jacea; ‘ieoloo broadly elliptic or subglobose, about 1.5 cm. long and
as wide or wider, the appendag es - the 1 Renan — o dark brown, roundish with broad,
pectinately frin nge ed margins, the laciniae filifor Deas anaiadsees more or less setulose,
ut as lon ad i the width of the essere of the Hote hue the appendages completely covering the
base of ox le phyllaries; marginal flowers with radiately vp orollas, sterile; pappus
mere peseesentl by a few or numerous unequal paleae, mostly 0.5 mm. long or less, rarely
obso
* por and roadsides, widespread and common particularly at lower elevations west of the Cascade Mountain
Washington to northwestern California: British Columbia; eastern United States. Cultivated around Raters,
may account for i “Pie — yaa it is hercrees specific recognition because in our area it is by far the most
0 e
Y= 2 S This plant, introduced. from Europe, is generally regarded as a hybrid of C, age and C, nigra, a fact which
t
‘
&
9. Centaurea nigra L. Black Knapweed. Fig. 5947.
Centaurea nigra L. Sp. Pl. 911.
Centaurea jacea var. nigra Briq. in Heal. Fl. Mitt.-Eur. 6: 954. 1929.
similar to C. jacea; involucre roundish-cupshaped, about 1.5 cm. long and as wide as
a -
Occa oo in weedy places and in fields; i ea and northwestern Oregon; adventive in central Cali-
fornia; caters United States. Introduced from Europe. J canes pt.
10. Copetete nigréscens Willd. Short-fringed Knapweed. Fig. 5948.
Centaurea pratbeage oto d. Sp. Pl. 3: 2288. 1804.
Centaurea dubia Suter, Fl. Helvet. 2: 202. 1802. Not Gmelin.
Plants ari to C. jacea; cauline leaves lanceolate, oe Sate at base, sessile; involucre
broadly oblong or cylindric, longer than broad, about 1.5 cm. lon , the appendages of t the phy 1-
laries smaller, not covering the greenish or straw-colored Sosea. ‘triangular, pectinate-fringed,
h t i ile margina
the segments a the width of the undivided part of the phyllaries; sterile mar |
flowers generally present and radiately aia pappus reduced to sma ne.
Widespread but rather rare, ruderal - font ral; Washington and northern Oregon; Idaho; eastern United
States. Introduced from Europe. June—Sep
11. Centaurea meliténsis L. Napa Thistle or Tocalote. Fig. 5949.
t itensis L. Sp. Pl. 917. 1783.
and
leaves sessile and decurrent, narrowly oblong or oblong-oblanceolate, up to 5 cm. long a
e, margin entire or gen eeatly: more or less dentate, the u ec leaves small but not
ut 1.5 cm. s
te) ong
triangular, LHe gs ap) eons e; flowers yellow, numerous, the outermost with filiform lobes
and inconspicuous ; ac 75 mm. lo ong, light es or buff, ‘all ith pappus ; pappus- bristles to
: mm. long, slen E sof
British Columbia, Washington, northern Oregon, and Lower Cali fornia; occasional east to the pec 2d coast;
Hawaiian otra South America; South Africa; Australia. Native in the Mediterranean region. April-Sept.
12. Centaurea solstitialis L. Barnaby’s Thistle or Yellow Star-thistle. Fig. 5950.
Centaurea solstitialis L. Sp. Pl. 917. 1753.
Plants annual, es arachnoid-tomentose and scabrid, generally 3-10 dm. tall; stems erect,
openly branched from near the base, the branches stiff and somewhat sal leave winged by the de-
ti Ss! id. 6
t
shorter than the blade, the cauline i“ sessile and decurren t, line near i it. nae Me as muc
5
_as 10 cm. long and 5 mm. wide near the base but much johcces and even scale-like on the uppermost
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 547
branchlets, entire, frequently undulate; heads solitary at the ends of the branchlets, ovate, about
2 cm. long; involucres thinly to mentulose, early glabrescent, the phyllaries nerveless, coriaceous,
the lowest phyllaries tipped by short, weak, gees tely disposed spines, the middle phyllaries bear-
ing as stiff, erete, yellow, divergent, ter retical spine 1-2 cm. long and 1 or 2 pairs of ver shor
lateral spines at the base of the terminal spine, ft innermost phyllaries expande snc nf are
denticulate or lacerate, obovate appendage, spineless or nearly so; flowers yellow the
outermost with filiform lobes and inconspicuous; achenes 2.5-3 mm. rte his ating: either ‘blackish
brown or light brown and mottled, some of the outer without pet or with poorly developed
pappus het inner with numerous, fine, white pappus-bristles to 3 mm. long.
hodiisldes, fields, and waste ground about ect very oo and Cainaia from southern Oregon to
central California at lower betel ng less common rare in Lower California, southern California, northern
Oregon, and souther aly eastern Washington; peame g te and local in nahe central and eastern United States. Native
in southern ie rope and the Mediterranean region. June—Nov
Centaurea sashptes Willd. Enum. Hort. Ber. 930. _ 1808. bh dmg og of California authors. Not L.)
Stems conspicuously ler a Lower leaves coarsely _pinnately parted or divi By. or the lower and upper leaves
‘ p pe ie zontal -
tinged, Lage gel ong the central gee of the middle phyllaries 2-2.5 cm. long, the innermost phyllaries nar-
rowed toa y acute or slightly spinose tip; flowers sige achenes 5 mm. long with numerous, strongly gradu-
ated oe pes) fs nity bristles to 1 ps long. Locally stablished near Folsom, Sacramento Geuake, alifornia.
Nativ: one western part of the eee ee region Was —Jun
pra ea eriéphor So. (P1916. 1753. Stems urea esrect win Lower leaves pinnately parted or
divided, the apeebaed entire or dentate, abruptly acute or mucronate; own veer "eek, abou em, high; in-
volucre conspicuously loosely baal sie He entose, about 2 cm. long, broadly ovate or rou undish, "constricted. at the
top, the appendages on the phyllaries spreading, yellowish or brownish, pinnately spinose, the spine of the —
phyllaries 1-2 cm. long, the lateral spines short and stout, 2-4 on each side, the innermost phyllaries i
a coriaceous acute tip; flowers yellow; pe sei compressed, 4-5 mm. long; pappus of strongly graduated pal
and bristles, rose to purple and dark brown, 5-8 mm. long. Alon o ranietcies mayan Park, Los Pigs a Cali.
fornia; perhaps not persisting. Native of the western. part of the. Iectitcrraness re May-Jun
145. CNICUS [Tourn.] L. Sp. Pl. 826. 1753.
Annual herb with leafy stems and alternate, parted lobed or dentate, spinulose leaves.
Heads medium-sized, sessile or terminating the branches, heterogamous with the outermost
rf
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Cc
eeply 3-parted c ;
hilum lateral, large, deeply excavated. Pappus pee in 2 unlike series of 10 bristles
eac e outer alternate with the inner and with the teeth on the achene-rim, subrigidly
setose, subterete ; the inner much shorter, vabewid and a little paleaceous-flattened. [Name
derived trom) the Greek and applied to the safflower in Latin.
native of the Mediterranean region and adjacent parts of Asia.
1. Cnicus benedictus L. Blessed Thistle. Fig. 5951.
Cnicus benedictus L. Sp. Pl. 826. 1753.
Plants with erect or spreading, leafy stems, sparsely arachnoid-tomentose and villous as well
as punctate-glandular; primary stem sometimes lacking or very short with elongate sprawling
5949. Centaurea melitensis
—
548 COMPOSITAE
branches pala from the basal or lower cauline leaf-axils, or She primary stem erect and u
branched for uch as 2 dm. and branching above, somew what ngled, not winged. sal are
subrosulate, eae me the lower cauline leaves obla nr te or cblongish, pinnate ely lobed to pin-
nately parted, narrowed to a longer or shorter petiole, the middle and u auline leaves sessile
by a broad, decurrent base, oblong, up to 25 = lon ene 6 cm. wae ae pen much smaller,
sharply spinulose-dentate to pinnately parted, bright eee and vi clap wlan pec les the upper-
most ereres (or subbasal leaves if fear is s vee wie clustered ee the and exceeding it in
= math eads narro aie to broadly ovate, 2-4 cm. long; phases SE AY Oe or ap-
sed, i in several series, the outermost i ovate, abruptly tipped by an cae pig slender
se the middle Hk Sig ovate phyllaries bearing a spreading, oes apinnes appendage to about
2 cm. long, the lateral spines in about 5-7 pairs, the appendage in the innermost elongate hile
much reduced; flowers yellow, the pala na sterile ones inconspicuous; achenes oblong-obovate,
about 8 mm. long, grayish brown, scarcely compressed, slightly coristricied at the truncate apex
below the dentate rim; pappus br sank tinged, the outer bristles about 10 mm. long, de coca
face a thes roughened, the inner bristles 2-4(5) mm. long, bearing a few ee disposed processe:
alon ides
ds, iecapeias and roadsides, flourishing in rich cultivated soils, widely al alae but not yore. common;
arr! gp gu south to southern California; occasional eastward to the Atlan Introduced in many parts
of the world from the Mediterranean region. April- Sept.
Tribe 10. ARCTOTIDEAE*
146. GAZANIA Gaertn. Fruct. 2: 451. 1791. Nomen conservandum.
lants herbaceous, mostly perennial, low and spreading, with subrosulate radical leaves
av
cent. Re cle Seo or convex, shallowly honeycombed. Flowers hots yellow or orange,
the ra Saris inged or marked with blue, purple, or brown, the disk-flowers sometimes
dark. Achene dhave turbinate, long- villous. Pappus-bristles in 2 series, narrowly acumi-
nate, thin, s a inconspicuous and concealed by the long copious hairs of the achene.
[Probably in honor of Theodore of Gaza who translated the botanical works of Aristotle
r
South African genus of about 24 species. Type species, Cinistle rigens L.
1. Gazania longiscapa DC. Treasure Flower. Fig. 5952.
Gazania longiscapa DC. Prod. 6: 513. 1837.
Scapose pe
equaling or exceeding the leaves. Leaves entire or tii ately divided sey ee oblanceolate =
ole 1- m.
elliptic, acute, attenuate at base into a nabos petiole, the blade and peti ee ong, the up
side smooth and glabrou s, the lower side (except the midrib) densely lanate-tomentose, the revo-
lute margin scabrous Gliste ; involucre about eas long, the cup eas 36 phyllary-lobes
attenuate-acute or spine escent, the outer np te bes scabrous-ciliate ; heads 3-6 cm. across, the
flowers bright, cic in shadow and in late st Siicitoe pappus- -bristles 3-4 mm. long, hidden by
the hairs of the achene which are shoe twice as long.
Feb. “Mas g from cultivation in southern California but perhaps not persisting. Introduced from South Africa.
e
Arctodtis L. Sp. Pl. 922. 1753. Acaulescent or caulescent herbs or shrubs. Leaves alternate, unarmed; he ads
radiate, the ray-flowers pistillate and fertile, the disk-flowers perfect; payers in several serie distinct; re-
ceptacle deeply pitted, fimbrillate; achenes winged dorsally, the wings appearing to form 2 pits, the base of o
chene forked with a long tuft of hairs; pappus in 2 series, the outer pong scarious, paleaceous, be gee e€
inner series someti = ate! all. * hadifolia var. grandis (Thunb. ) Less. Synop. Gen. Comp. 26. 1
(A. grandis Thunb. . Pl. Cap. 706. 1820.) Annual tomentose herb with erect stems and undulate, dentate 0
lo leaves; te ee very eonoak: the outer herbaceous, end elliptic, the middle and inner elongate- ‘oblong,
scarious or pe out apt ed; achenes plumply obovate, 2 sea ‘age for the buff, incu Shae
dentate, lateral margin f the d rsal pits, the basal hairs Tight 1 Br od co 4 sgn outer pappus-pa
hyaline, 3 mm four, “tg inner aus consisting Of rudimentary bristles. Y Octasiount ‘escape from cultivation in
southern California probably — persisting. Native of the Cape region, South Africa.
Bérkheya Ehrh. Beitr. 3: 137. 1788. South African herbs o} ascneogel = more or less spiny, or spin “ai
dentate leaves; heads discoid es. radiate; phyllaries in several series, Thai r less united by thei Snares thes ;
a cup, the free ends spine-tipped; ; receptacle mingle,” B. heterop or von a pitted, ‘more oF om ‘ess a + Pe ae: ae 1
— (Stobaca cterophylia Thunb. . Pl. Cap. 622. ye Thistle-like he ~ wit th bine 2 divided aoe ZB
heads discoid; 4 ries divaricate, Aho on margin and at apex; achenes enclosed within receptacle- pits; PRDhive
— inka. -25—-0.3 mm. long, obtuse or subtruncate, denticulate, On ballast near Portland, Oregon. Nativ
of Sout
enidium Linnaea 6: 91. 1831. Acaulescent or rese eeabiiey the closely
related Arctotis, i Sevine | in glabrous achenes that are Goony epappose, aot PE il ie ae gts t Prag oy
(Jacq.) Stapf, ou Ma ey: pl. ai 1928. (Ar — Fryers F pen Hort. Schoenbr. 21, pl. 166. 1
. wyleyvt Harvey 1. Ca 463. ae aa Annual her ith thin cobwebb Seeker lower lea —
more or less onibine ae S oeee i ne leaves idea tox with an auriculate base, all lanceolate ee
lanceolate or oblongish and ete pinnately lobed; — sig dont at the ends of branches; phyllaries or 1c,
the outer linear with a slender spreading herbaceous tip Rett ate-spatulate —e Z rounded scarious ap-
pendage; rays orange with dark purplish me achenes s hae th led; pappus pres = a minute own or
lneki ing. Occasionally escaping from cultivation in southern gay we dasg Nee of South Ate
* Text of Arctotideae contributed by John Thomas Howell.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 549
Tribe 11. MUTISEAE
sedans several- to many-flowered; leaves alike.
Shr
flowers yellow. 147. a ais.
Her ete : flowers pink or white. 148.
Involucres 1. flowered; stem-leaves linear-lanceolate, floral leaves ovate. 149. By ae ae
147. TRIXIS P. Br. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 312. 1756. (Hyponym) ;
Crantz, Inst. Herb. 1: 329. 1766.
Shrubs or rarely herbs with alternate ren as or dentate leaves. Inflorescence cymose
or paniculate. Involucres 2-seriate, 9-12- red, the outer phyllaries few and usually
shorter than the inner. Flowers perfect, mi oat "Cos olla bilabiate, the outer lip erect, 2-cleft,
the inner spreading, 3-toothed or subentire. Anthers with tail-like appendages. tyle-
e inne
branches flattened and truncate at apex. Achenes subcyclindric, the scabrous pappus- -bristles
copious, white to tawny, arising from the a bie disk-like summit of the achene. [From
the Greek meaning threefold, king e 3-cleft corollas. ]
A genus of about 35 species, natives of isan tad United States, Mexico, and Central and South America.
Type species, Trixis suffrutescens P. Br.
i
5950. Centaurea solstitialis 5952. Gazania longiscapa
5951. Cnicus benedictus 5953. Trixis californica
550 COMPOSITAE
1. Trixis californica Kell. California Trixis. Fig. 5953.
Tents celiforasce Kell. ge Calif. Acad. 2: 182. sd 53, 1862.
Bot. Calif. 2: 459.
Trizis aapartifolia var. ee Gray, Syn. - N. Amer. 17: 410. 1884.
uch bran sasag shrub about 0.5-1 m. high, leafy . to the heads, lower stems gray,
upper aa chlets striate, tan, glandular- puberulent. Leaves alternate, sessile or subsessile, hen
late to ovate- “te late, 6-15(20) mm. broad, 2-8 cm. felis sparingly appressed-puberulent on
both surfaces, densely glandular especially beneath, midvein prominent below, the margins entire
i on the older leaves; i i
g
yellow, about 1 ong; getienns dark, lon ps eyelivideic and narrowed above, densely
widelay hesiaelous the pappus copious, straw w-color ie
Rocky slopes and canyons wall Lower Sonoran Zone; ea n San Bernardino County and south through
the Colorado Desert, California o Lo wer California sae ‘east ‘to gehen Texas and northern Mexico. Type
locality: Cedros I Island, Lower Californie Feb.—June and Oct.—
148. PEREZIA Lag. Amen. Nat. 1:31. 1811.
Perennial herbs or rarely sriseonti ‘aoe (in ours) erect and leafy, arising from a more
or less woody caudex more or less covered with felty, rust-colored woo eaves alternate,
mostly sessile. Inflorescence single and terminal or of few to many heads in panicles, or
: lu s
lavender, or white. Corollas bilabiate, the outer lip 3-dentate, the inner wit free or
strongly recurved segments. Anthers with tail-like appendages. Style- Seguches flattened and
truncate at apex. Achenes linear-cylindric or fusiform, the pappus copious, of scabrous,
white to OS eeuny ° or brownish bristles. [Name in honor of Lorenzo Perez, a pharmacist of the
sixteenth centu
genus of wet 75 species, natives of southwestern United aratee, Mexico, and Central America and of
western South America. Type species, Vocdivicns magellanicum L,
1. Perezia microcéphala (DC.) A. Gray. Sacapellote. Fig. 5954.
Acourtia microcephala DC. es: 7: 66. 1838.
Pavess microcephala A. Gra miths. Contr. 35: 127. 1852.
Perezia sericophylla Millsp. & oe Field Mus. Bot. Ser. 5: 297. 1923. (Incidental mention)
Stout erect perennials 6-14 dm. high, the striate stems densely leafy and glandular-scabrid.
eaves thins ovate to elliptic-oblong, a m. long, sessile with a Ss d base, the larger cordate-
claspi gin spinose-denticulate, chartaceo ous i a what
——— -ve , glandular-scabrid or rulent on both surfaces; infloresc rat d,
m
ined i ence r
ose-pan aralate easy bre cted ; heads about 10-12 mm. high, 10-20-flowered; phyllaries oblong-
pe ie nceolate, mucronulate, glandu lar-puberulent, loosely imbricated in about 3 series; corollas
lavender- dele white; achenes glandular- Poberutent, the pappus white.
Common on dry slopes, Upper Sonoran Zone; San s Obispo County and the Channel Islands south t
San Diego County, California, and siiacoar pated, eattornia. Type locality: California. Collected by Donpiar
June—
ey
aa
A /, \ i,
i) Vg i
Wi Z Le
Ih SS G
“iy
5955
5955. Hecastocleis shockleyi
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 551
149. HECASTOCLEIS A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 220. 1882.
Shrubs with cauline leaves wai appearing singly on younger shoots, later develop-
ing axillary fascicles of smaller leaves in the axils. Involucres in terminal clusters, sub-
tended by whorls o oval or Aare reticulate, stramineous, floral leaves, each involucre
1-flowered with narrowly lanceolate, spinose-tipped phyllaries. Corolla whitish, tubular,
deeply divided into 5 linear aprendings ‘lobes firm in texture and widely spreading in anthesis.
Stamens fete in texture with a glabrous appendage. Style purplish red, surpassing the
anthers, stigma emarginate. Achene glabrous in age, the pappus s coroniform and
laciniate- fare coriaceous. [Name Greek, referring to the separate enclosure of each
flower in its involucre
A monotypic genus, native in the desert regions of southwestern Nevada and the Death Valley region of
adjacent California.
1. Hecastocleis shockleyi A. Gray. Prickle-leaf. Fig. 5955.
Hecastocleis shockleyi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 221. 1882.
out, divaricately branched shrub 5-7 dm. high, with rigid leafy oe bark of the older
stems tate gray or blackish, somewhat shreddy, that of the younger stems stramineous, shining
the ultimate ifasnhlete tomentose. Cauline leaves ahetuate sessile, fascicled and shorter on the
older leafy stems, coriaceous, linear-lanceolate, strongly spine-tipped, the margins with few
sle spi young es fi
so mm, long,
reticulate-veined, becoming stramineous and papery ; involucres 1-flow ered, narrowly cylindric,
he rs et in 4-5 series, appressed, cuspidate-acuminate, loosely woolly on the margin ; achenes
sparsely tomentose when young, glabrous in age, subcyclindric, somewhat narrower at bas e, the
covering thinner in texture than the coroniform lecinicie’g us.
Desert mountains, Upper Sonoran Zone; western Esmeralda catia ineral Counties to Clark Nevada,
westward to the Death Valley region and the In la Mountains, cong" om Type ring Fat Gasdels “at og Tt eralda
County, Nevada, altitude 6, ee shies Said by Shockley to have been collected at Silver Peak, Esmeralda County,
instead of the locality given by Gray in the selina description. ton a uly.
Tribe 12. CICHORIEAE.
Achenes widvent paps fxith short, crown in variety of Eee’
aves basal, t r bract-like; eg pecies.
Dese ee : flowers white or pinkish. 163. Atrichoseris.
Derchatily of ot Sierra = fies ada; flowers Arig 154. penance
Leaves happen eae and cauline; Siteteced species. 176. Lapsa
Achenes with p
Pappus ast or = completely eo or plumose s
aceous, 0 aw above the calananioele base (capillary bristles in Nothocalais alpestris,
Seer is eat A
Phyllaries enclosing the outer achenes; pappus of the outer achenes aifcrian Bla of the inner.
'ypnois.
Phyllaries not cae the outer achencs; peeess of _ — — outer ace ali -
Pappus of 2 or 3 series of u 150. Cici :
Pappus- cr ina ress series, surmounted by a smooth, scabrous or Ae awn (pappus
ls fw ms of M onsets. Tig lee shades of yellow
ith hentia ot erect; outer and inner phyllaries equal or nea rl
—— Sy nearly so ae
Annual or ah Lihat with heads nodding in bud; outer aay n rip so tg iortér than
the in
atiapegt bos -conspiewousl plumose and sometimes paleaceous-dilated at is extreme besie or with
wien arte sa and slender or short and stout beaks (outer achenes truncate in Hypochoeris
. ees we r papers paleaceous in Leontodon leysseri).
ed into a short bea 169. Leontodon.
Achenes rie a long slender beak.
Phyllari 2 series, unlike, the outer broadly ovate, subcordate; pubescence coarse-
tee i . Picris.
Phyllaries in a series or loosely imbricated, alike; plants gisheous: (except Hypochoeris).
Stems scapos 166. Hypochoeris.
Stems leafy.
Leaves grass-like; involucr lat ctlets. 164. Tragopogon
L pinnatifid; icauers with calyculate bractlets. 158. nehiesguia,
Achenes truncate.
Involucre ly imbricated, the pt
im ies rounded and broadly scar
Anisocome.
—_ not or but little suave subtended by calyculate ces the phyllaries nar-
owly or not at all meets ined.
us of stout awns g d the b. 155. Chaetadelpha.
Pappus of slender p se bristles.
Ligules yellow; bristles in more than 1 series, unequal. 165. Scorzonera. :
gules pale or acts pink; bristles in 1 series, equal. 157. Stephanomeria.
Li ris!
Pappus-bristles capillary, either smooth or scabrous, ee barbellate.
Achenes flattened (obscurely so in ‘Soiche 2.
552 COMPOSITAE
erate not beaked. 170. Sonchus.
Achenes beaked. 171. Lactuca.
Achenes me flattened, either angulate or terete.
Ligules pink or purplish.
Heads nodding before and after anthesis; plants of coastal Oregon and b fee ngto:
eads anthesis; a of the dese 156. Lygodesmia.
Shewien shades of yellow, sometimes rae r cream-colo oe fick in Malacothrix blairii).,
Lea ll basal; heads solitary on scapose peduncle
ew truncate; Fens tees Eaictiens 151. Nothocalais ne
152. Microseris,
Achenes beaked or mer ae tapering at the summit in some species of Agoseris; aap
bristles not akipy
Achenes -ri scien muricate abov 175. Taraxacum.
Achenes 10-15-ri ibbed or -nerved, not inuiode: muricate above.
153. Agoseris.
Stems ei ; heads not on scapose peduncles.
Achenes minutely to strongly rugulose or tuberculate between the angles
Dep ressed branching annuals with crustaceous-margined ee achenes abruptly
beaked. 160. Glyptopleura.
Erect, rena glandular annuals without crustaceous-margined leaves; achenes taper-
Nis beak, 161. Caius.
Achenes st
the angles.
baat early deciduous, 1—8 bristles remaining in a few speci
159: Mclecithets,
cages: persistent (deciduous at maturity in some species of Crepis).
Phyllaries not at all thickened; pappus sordid or Le gidrrens rarely white
P Hicvactumt.
Phyllaries somewhat thickened at base or on midrib; pappus sett; white.
174. Crepis.
150. CICHORIUM [Tourn.] L. Sp. Pl. 813. 1753.
Herbs with erect branching stems, alternate and basal leaves, and large heads of usually
ncle
blue flowers, pedu or in sessile clusters along the br Involucral bracts in 2
series, herbaceous, the inner erect btending or partly enclosing the outer achenes
Receptacle flat, naked or slightly fimbrillate. Ligules pes and 5-toothed at the apex
Anthers sagittate at the base tyle-branches slender, o s 5-angled or 5
ribbed, truncate, beakless. Pappus of 2-3 series of short bEfat scales. [From the Arabic
name. |
An Old World genus of about 8 species. Type species, Cichorium intybus L.
1. Cichorium intybus L. Chicory. Fig. 5956.
Cichorium intybus L. Sp. Pl. 813. 1753.
Perennial from a long deep taproot, the stems sparsely hispid, stiff, branched, 3-10 dm
e high. Basal leaves spreading on the ground, runcinate-pinnatifid, spatu late in outline, $20
e —
t base; any, Tro
on the nearly naked or —_ branches ; “Mowers br ight blue or rarely white; involucres 9-15 m
high; achenes 2-3 mm. long, 5-angled, truncate above, the pappus reduced to a minute fringed
n.
Roadsides and waste places, i in all the Pacific States, and more or less generally throughout the United States
and Canada. x substitute for coffee is sometimes made $e he the roots. March—July.
Scélymus hispanicus L. Sp. Pl. 813. 1753. At e-like herb 3-5 dm. high, more or less arachnoid-pubescent
or sometimes oe gees leaves alter ate, 4-8 cm. hog pmo it or pinnatifid, the lobes strongly spinescent,
midrib broadened below the confluent ribs from the lobes, and decurrent on the stem; heads in the axils of the
smaller upper leaves; ~inwolueral erssa _— nbpe “et flowers heir 4 chaffy bracts more or less enclosing the
beakless achenes. — of the Med an r and sparingly adventive at Los Gatos, Santa Clara County,
California. Golden
151 NOTHOCALAIS* _ a) Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2: 54. 1886.
spherical, the outer phyllaries only slightly shorter than the innermost, glabrous to ciliate
e) e-villous along the midline. Receptacle naked. Corollas all ee, yellow, well
exceeding the involucre. Achenes columnar-fusiform. th or brous above, not
beaked, the upper portion often vacant but not said differentiated from the body of
- Text contributed by Kenton Lee Chambers.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 553
the fruit. Pappus of 10 to many silvery bristles, some or all of which are gradually
pressed and widened downward im a narrowly paleaceous basal portion (or the Sristies
essentially capillary in N. Rds tris). [From the Greek word meaning spurious, plus
Calais, a synonym of Microseris.]
2 Gas genus of 4 species native to ater and western North America. Type species, Microseris troximoides
*“ Nothocalais appea o be most nnd allied to Microseris and to Agoseris, resembling each of these genera
in one or another of its. fd morphological features. The distinctive combination of characteristics displayed by
its species, however, marks it as a neta group separate from either related gen
Pappus of 30-50 capillary bristles; leaves usually toothed or pinnatifid. N. alpestris.
Pappus of 10-30 elongate narrow paleae tapering into short awns; leaves entire or undulate- margined
. N. troximoides.
1. Nothocalais alpéstris (A. Gray) Chambers. Alpine Lake-agoseris. Fig. 5957.
Troximon alpestre A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 70. 1883.
Trox imon barbell Gieeh e ex A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 12: 437. 1884.
Agoseris alpestris Gre ere 177. 1891
Agoseris edntinicia Green, lo oc.
Microseris alpestris Q. Jone myst onquist, Vasc. Pl. Pacif. apa 5:-267.1955,
Nothocalais alpestris Cheohee Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 66.
Glabrous or puberulent, perennial herb with an stniae: blackish, simple or multicipital,
underground caudex and deep taproot. Leaves all basal, 3-20 cm. long, linear to oblanceolate or
8
S ay entire or more often remotel thed or pinnatifid with linear to broadly deltoid lobes
s 1 to several ee the basal age erect, simple, 3-30 cm. t rous above, sometimes
bracteate near the base; heads erect, 10- to many-flowered ; cna a res 10-20 mm. high, broadly
narrowly c sshiarenlats, strictly hieuve the outer pyila gs ee te or ovate-lanceolate,
attenuate, lightly shorter than the narrower inner ones, fin vn a ted with ink ate dorsally ;
achenes br rown, about 10-ribbed, 5-10 mm. long, raicale, or the -3 m what nar-
rower ge lightly scabrous ; pappus 6-10 mm. long, the 30-50 se recites Teristics r tarbelisiate
or rarely subplumose.
Open meadows and g lly slopes, Boreal Zones; Cascade Mountains from Mount Rainier, W. shington,
io Gitkiyou remntchy California, and in the Sierra Nevada near Lake Tahoe. Type locality: Mount Adams, ash-
ington. June—Aug.
2. Nothocalais oxime (A. Gray) Greene. False-agoseris. Fig. 5958.
Microseris siaspornawee Gray, Proce. r. Acad. 9: 211. 1874.
Nothocalais troxim s Gr reine; re bi Acad. 2:55. 1886.
Nothocalais re reene, op. cit. 54.
Scorzonella troximoides Jepson, Gas. FI. Pl. Calif. 994. 1925.
Glabrous or oe villous, a al herb with a stout, blackish, underground caudex and
long, often rope-like taproot. Leaves in a bas al cluster, ‘rather sti tiff and apn ar linear to linear-
te) i ire 1 s nutely
m n un
1 to several, Lge oe cm. tall, simple or only bracteate below, glabrous or + whine villous toward
the e apex ; heads erect, 10- to mana flowered; involucres 14-25(30) mm. high, broadly or narrowly
mpan nulate, the ehribasies narrowly or broadly lanceolate, attenuate, glabrous or ciliate and
iia: villous along the midline, misien dotted or lined with purple on the midline, the outer
5957
5956. Cichorium kane
5957. Nothocalais
554 COMPOSITAE
a more than three-fourths as long as the inner ones; ~~ straw- colored or tan, 8-1
long, about 10- aig slender, columnar-fu yee rm, scabrous towar e apex : POERUS-Pante
10-30, silvery 1 m. long, rather unequal, each ea in: pete Romans d from a short
nal awn into a si narrowly palaceous portion about 0. on wide near the tas a=339
erie slopes po flats in hl often rocky soil, Arid Transition Zon s and canis east of th Cascade
Range from British Columbia to Sierra County, California: east through ere give g? jd ie’ Snake River
Plain to southwestern ne eo northern Utah. Type locality: “hills on the Clea River, Oregon
(now Idaho Tee. ).” April-June.
ast of the Pacific States, evpscisily 3 in Idaho, N. troxrimoides tends to vary in the direction of N. nigrescens
(Henders.) Heller, often acquiring the broader, plane, — leaves and glabrous, diffusely speckled outer phyl-
laries of that species. Nothocalais sine nia itself Bi n wet meadows in the Rocky nen of PB oi
Montana, and Wyoming; it may oc our the high mountains of northeastern Orego
152. MICROSERIS* D. Don, Phil. Mag. 11: 388. 1832.
Caulescent or acaulescent herbs with milky juice, the plants perennial, with 1 or mo
eshy taproots, or annual. Leaves entire to variously toothed or pinnatifid, i eat or
iat apace de (villous in section Calocalais). Heads many-flowered, erect or noddi
in bud, bo singly on naked or remotely bracteate, glabrous or scurfy, scape-like pe-
e
Corollas al sie tieh elongate and showy or short and Ww
or white. Achenes columnar to truncate- Hansa not beaked (or short-beaked in section
Calocalais), about 10-ribbed, smooth o scabrous, the outermost often densely white-
5-6 ; :
5
a
°
=)
mn
2
a
:
4
Le
fe
oy
:
°
5
ry
i=}
or
a8
MS
2
So
'
ceenicuinte to plumose. [Name Greek, meaning small c
i of 16 species, occurring principally in western North America but with a bs sg a in Scie and
on ey ete id eal y New Zealand. Type species, es nto pygmaea D. Don. Chrom numbers, deter-
pe A or verified by the contributor, are given where kno
Plants perennial; fl 1 exceeding the involucre; pappus-part
Pappu ‘ion ee Srownick — bristles; plants acaulescent, the scapes naked ah rag 08 paconches: (subgenus
par m)
ee bert 6-30 ee or tawny, awn-tipped bra plants caulescent, s Ast wey aa leafy above
ple and only bracteate. (subgenus ae lla ss
Paces pasts 15-30, bright white, the awns soft, ros ans
rie tet Btn the awns rather stiff, karen par sirate to barbéliuiate or “ sebclentose then the
pap
Pappurpaleze ‘ 10 mm, long, fimbriate at the apex about the base of the awn; awns subplumose,
tawny. 6. M. sylvati ca.
Seasgpen ee usually less than 5 mm. long, tapering into the awn or emarginate; awns minutely
culate to barbellulate, wire tawny
Pe phyllaries ovate- ‘peg to Laondly ovate or circular, acute or cuspidate, usually gla-
iata
brous dorsally, all over 2.5 mm. broad. 3. M. laciniata lacin
Outer age s linear to si eedaie acute to attenuate, often scurfy- Hicher lent dor-
dag *'e ldetlent on each head not over 2.5 mm. broad.
Involuge cy ee or narrowly campanulate, 15—25- aia g 5 ag hon —_ high; Siskiyou
owellii
anviners. narrowly one Rapedx campanulate, 25-—75- Moa 10-25 mm. high; Coastal
re d Cali
Pergee ruler - 5-1. re mm. long, deltoid or ovate; sg achenes brown; awns white
. M. laciniata leptosepala.
Peitie ‘Palene ee — long, lanceolate; inner ee @ pale straw-colored or dul
white; awns taw 5; . paludosa
Plants Pormenvedh florets inconspicuous, sanatine or penis exceeding the involucre; pappus-parts 2. 5. (subgenus
is)
Heads erect before anthesis; achenes attenuate into a short slender beak; pappus silvery, deciduous. (section
Calocalats) 7. M. linearifolia.
Heads inclined or ve pee anthesis; achenes truncate or slightly narrower toward the apex; pappus
silvery or sordid, p
Pappus-paleae fiber adie tee: bifid or minutely lacerate at the apex; plants frequently caulescent.
(section Brachycarpa)
Achenes columnar, + the apex, gray or straw-colored to brown or bluish may or if blackish
then equaling a aig in length. 8. M. heterocarpa.
Achenes Bina k= Fa ag not flared at the apex, blackish, about ty ae ~ Tength of the paleae.
Pappus-paleae various but if linear- owe sed then entire at the apex, Heiaaty pice into the awn;
plants acau bee ent. (section Microseris)
3.0 mm. long or less
anes Kg argu to chenaieal; the flared apex as broad as or broader than the body of
I , th t 1 ed.
ei leae over 2.0 mm, long, the margins strongly incurv: a. i lotphied puasearees
Paleae 2.0 mm. long or less, flat or the margins lightly per
. M. elegans.
hex ributed by by Kenton Lee Chambers. (For complete synonymy of the annual species, see Contr.
Dudley Herb. 4 a: 283-306. 1955. )
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 555
Achenes truncate-fusiform, the pig narrower Sie the wae of the fruit.
Paleae conspicuous, at least 1.0 m . M. bigelo
Pabiex Leeititicite seca: tecliekly. 0. Pie mm, long. ” M. houatiadt tenella,
Achenes over 3.0 mm. long.
Paleae averaging 1.0 mm. long or
Palea
Shaan pe eae the midrib ay stout, tapering, joirwions ee to one-
* ift h of the maximum palea w 11. M. acum
Paleae circular to 3a oe. the stout or slender midrib techie less than
or la clad
one-fifth of the maximum palea
Paleae arcuate only at Nee agen, aia and flat rey the midrib linear, abruptly
thickened at the . M. bigelovii.
Paleae — lonicue pe margins ica < convolute, the midrib linear
tapering He the bas
Palens Bac, sper y 5, minutely scabrous, am, ae lightly smoky, the margins
sapere the ved. . M, campestris.
Paleae 23 or fewer, villous to rine ig ‘lee, clear or chalky to tawny or
blackish, the margins strong
Paleae eg iy srg tool to rea a ge" age of the. ‘promot achenes
a mm, shorter has the rs Pe or of equaling or exceeding it
then the latter more than 4.5 mm, long.
10. M. douglasti douglasit
10. M. douglasii tenella.
Paleae 1
Paleae mostly less than 1.0 mm. long.
=
6
ontiittl tery,
+ \\\
ony Nothocalais troximoides
959. Micros eris borealis
cna:
556 COMPOSITAE
1. Microseris borealis (Bong.) Sch.-Bip. Apargidium. Fig. 5959.
Apargia borealis Bong. Mém. Acad. * Pétersb. VI. Math. Phys. Nat. 2: 146. 1832.
Leontodon boreale DC. Prod. 7: gon
ares ium & boreale Torr. & Gra 3 Ais er. 2: us 1843,
Sch. -Bip. athe — 310 866,
Scorzonella borealis Greene, Pittonia 2:
Glabrous, acaulescent, perennial herb with numerous fleshy roots from a short rootstock.
Leaves up to 30 cm. long, linear- vchlaneanlane acute to acuminate, ent or remotely denticulate ;
scapes slender, naked and unbranched, erect or curved at t se, 1S m. tall, sometimes lig =
urfy above; heads - ed, nodd before anthesis; involucr 8 m hig
panulate, the inner phyllaries Se the outer phyllaries shorter, 1 ane imbricate,
linear or lan ne serrate, ove ro c ee le black-tomentose; florets yellow
achenes bro ong, nar, atten the : a panels s 5-10 mm. he a
ete Browitieh harbelialate awns GHEY slighty thickened 2 the bas
rshy meadows and sphagnum bogs, Hu Transition and_Boreal soni along the — Seer rion
PERS wag te British Columbia and south at pen or iri in the Cascade Mountains of Wa shing and Ore
to Humboldt County, California. Type locality: Sitka, Alaska. Collected by Mertens. June— yf tre
2. Microseris nutans ( Hook.) Sch.-Bip. Nodding Scorzonella. Fig. 5960.
Sg }7.
t Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. ah 1847.
Crepis nutans Geyer ex Hook. loc. cit., as as
Ptilophora nutans A. Gray ——— Amer. Ac af "IL on “143. 1849.
A.
0.
Ptilophora major B rape A. Grad , loc
Calais nutans A. pee in ta Pacif, R. ae #2113. -1857<
1
Calais nutans var. latifolia D. C. Eaton, Bot. Key ear 197. $1871,
Stephanomeria (?) waite ae Proc. Calif. Acad. 5: 39. 1873.
Calais gracitiloba K llogg, o
Ptilocalais nutans Green ne, Bull, “ali Acad. 2: 54. 1886.
Pesecaiote major Greene, loc
Leg gee ae |
ureen
Ptilocalais ce Oster Mahiskces te 4%
ge cros ged r Nels. & Macbr. Bot. Gaz 1916
var. ase Tee Man. FI. Pl. tobe en 1925,
Glabrous 1
few, erect or curved at t A base, sle nder, 10-70 cm. or usually branched and leafy abo ve. flaves
it spat
; r t anulat i
outer phyllaries unequal, shorter and nearly area st eas core r often scurfy-puberu-
lent, aged = —. Bdegrs the smallest ones on each head m. br a G r less; florets yellow;
achenes g —8.0 mm. long, columnar or eetainea fusiforia: pappus 5-10 m
fa bright whe ‘the i. 15-30, oblong or nk 1-3 mm. long, obtuse or somewhat fim-
riate — ses slender distinctly plum
Range a and conte in the Sier > Nevada and North Coast Range of California east to Wyoming and Colorado. Typ €
loc: “Dry sunny loamy ge Porte ok of Spokan and Coeur d’Aleine cncusthita Kicil —Aug
3. Microseris laciniata (Hook.) Sch.-Bip. Cut-leaved Scorzonella. Fig. 5961.
—— mardgnets Hook. Ae a Amer. 1: 300. 1833.
beg onema ? laciniatum Hoo! 01.
Scscaecelh pe as. Trans sone Phil. Soc. II. 7: 426. 1841.
a Nutt. loc
s Gar in ice Pacif. R. Rep. 4: 113. 1857.
Microseris laciniata Sch.-Bip. Pollichia 22-24: 309. 1866
Calais glauca A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 364. 1868.
7 procera A ci
Pe SF
8 r ~~ — fe procera A. ae op. cit. 9: 209. 1874.
ris proc ray, op. cit. 19: 64. 1883.
Scorsnalla shoot ye Greene, a Calif. Acad. 2: 50. 1886.
Scorzonella procera Greene, ]
aac ella pratense Greene ts. oe Sl.
Drew, Bull. Torrey Club 16: 152. 1889,
a maxima Bioletti, Erythea 1: 69. 18!
Scorzonella procera var. pratensis Jepson, Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 994, 1925,
labr
taproot, the stem goed : rect, aie nder to very stout, 15-1 120 cm. tall, rather agecione'd leafy or
bracteate “then Rs: above o Lp Sanat hs only near the “sg or uw c all indi-
viduals. Leaves chiefly basal, up . 50 cm. long, a: to broadly oblanceolate, attenuate to
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 557
obtuse, entire to few-toothed bis laciniate-pinnatifid ; heads 30-250-flowered, meni nodding befo
. high i
one-third as long as the innermost phyllaries; florets yellow achenes bro
columnar, attenuate toward the base; pappus 7-15 mm. long, the — ae 6-10, “Gel toid to lanceolate
0.5-4.0 — a mm. long, each tapering itis a white tawny, minutely spiculate to
ines een aw
eadows and ad cits ssy hillsid es, Upper sam and Transition Zones; Pacific Slope mostly west of the
Cas ae ies tain 5 tine the vicinity of uget Sound, "Wa shin renee outh to Sonoma County, California, and
Mg teouse the Klamath region to Lake Cane pet 4 and porta Nac teens County, California; dager not
on the ee coa: Type locality: ‘“‘Dry plains of the Columbia, from the Rocky Mountains to the an.’
Collecte ee by Douglas. a il-July.
Toward the ~ enateyer amit t of the range, individuals of this subspecies may possess smaller heads and in-
volucral phyllaries superficially resembling those found in the generally coastal subspecies /eptosepala, below.
icroseris laciniata subsp. leptosépala (Nutt.) K. Chambers, Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 61. paced (Scor-
zonella yeti Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IT. 7: 426. 1841; Calais are es A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad.
a: 8; Microseris leptosepala A. Gray, op. cit. 9: 209. 1874; M. bolanderi A. Gray, op. cit. 19: 64. 1883;
Scorz ue bolanderi bp pe Bull, Gt, Acad. 2: aa 1886; S. laciniata con bolanderi Jepson, Man. FI. Pl.
Calif. 994, 5; S. leachiana M. E. Peck, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 47: 188. 1934.) Involucre narro t
ererar areas, Humid Transition Zone; plains of the lower i ette Seats Sryeen, and south “a the coa a
o Mendocino County, California, Stender inland on the lower Klam and Trinity Rivers and probably else-
wince on the western. drainage of Bsa Coast Ranges. Type coshiee: poo the pute of the Wahlamet, ” that ig,
the mouth of the Willamette Rive
Phi Microseris howéllii A. Gray. Howell’s Scorzonella. Fig. 5962,
Mi h ht aie Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 20: 300. 1885, emend. Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 12; suppl. 454. 1886.
Scorzonella h LI: , Bull. Calif. Acad. 2: 52. 1886.
Glabrous or Puenly se urfy-puberulent nial herb with a fleshy fusiform taproot, the stem
slender, erect, usually aie 15-50 cm. tall "sparingly pete koh pm below the middle or some-
times unbranched and only bracteate below. Lea iefly basal, up to cm. long, linear to
narrowly lanceolate, attenuate, entire or Taciniate? perne F with slender lobes; heads 15—25-
flowered, nodding before anthesis ; involucres 8-18 mm. high, cylindrical to narrowly campanulate,
i er, un , ne yceu-
es
on each head only 0.5-1.5 mm. broad as less than one-third as long as the innermost phyl-
i n u r
i oe bro oy m.
base ; pappus 6-12 mm. long, the paleae 6-10, lanc colate, Slates. mm. long (or infrequently only 1 mm.
long), — tapers into a white, minutely spiculate
Moi ocky fl frequently in serpentine te aig Zones; Siskiyou Mountains of southern Jose-
phine ej echeacs C untiek. Oneabks and adjacent California. Type locality: Waldo, Josephine County, Oregon.
April-July.
ig axon is ne ee rather similar to M. laciniata subsp. leptosepala, but its habitat and typically
much gear pappus-paleae ap o be distinctive.
otf
, cet
10
5961 of
5961. Microseris laciniata 5962. Microseris howellii
558 COMPOSITAE
5. Microseris paludésa (Greene) J. T. Howell. Marsh Scorzonella. Fig. 5963.
Microserts sylvatica var. stillm ages NAD y, Proc. Amer. Acad. 9: 208. 1874.
Scorsonella paludosa Greene aL aad. Bone.
Scorzonella sittin var. wtillmands Jenson, Man. a PE, Calif. 994, 1925,
ntegrifolia Jepson, loc
ee plows f T Ho well, Leaflets West Bor. 5: 108. 1948.
or seaciget: Reagan sks: a nd pi Seachente | ralaaieds lepidota Heller, Muhlenbergia 2: 14
Microserts montana H. M. Hall, Univ. ‘Calif. are Hs 3: 252. 1907.
Glabrous or seury. puberulent, perennial herb with a slender elongate taproot, the stems few,
erect or curved at the base, slender or stout, 15-75 cm. tall, leafy and branched gp the base or
: i 3 q
om es y above. Leaves iefly te) cm. long, na
rowly elliptic to broadly oblanceolate, attenuate above, cay ar; Soaks mostly 6-8 nim. long; pappus mostly iGge mm. long; com-
mon
» Widesprea . A, aurantiaca.
Some trichomes onetigd head gland-tipped; beaks commonly 8-10 mm. long; pappus a — hing this
nitanteema i in eae age Sierra Nevada. chee A.
Beak of mature vewdenns more than twice as long as the body, or sometimes shorter in ma oe pe
Heads pa od ely lar fe, rarely ity than a a mm. high in fruit; — 11-25 Sti at mm. long;
s 8-18 (mostly 10-17) mm. oe coastal hills and inland
Achenes s abruptly beaked from a truncate apex; leaves initorady retrorsely lobed; pp lh agg mm.
; pappus 14-18 mm. lon Ar
Achenes Aba ng gradually into the beak; leaves irregularly lobed; ligules 3- 6 mm. «Sty (r arely
longer) ; pappus 8-12 (rarely ae mm. long. . A. grandiflora.
Heads eens small, less than 25 mm. high in fruit; beaks 4-9 (rarely —12) mm. ge pappus 5-9 mm.
lon, ong; plants of mar itime and coastal hills. 6. A. apargiotdes.
Plants annual; purr fF involucre. 7. A. heterophylla.
1. Agoseris glaiica (Pursh) Raf. Short-beaked Agoseris. Fig. 5973.
Troximon glaucum Pursh, Fl. Amer. Sept. 2: 505. 1814
Agoseris glauca Raf. Herb. Raf. 39, 1833.
Macrorhynchus glaucus D. C. Eaton, Bot. King Expl. 204. 1871.
* Text contributed by Quentin Jones.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 563
A goserts | issima Greene, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 2: 122. 1911.
Apos seris isomeris Greene, op. cit. 123.
Agoseris potent Greene, op. cit. 125.
Slender perennials, glabrate, mostly 20-45 cm. tall, from a long heavy taproot. Leaves numer
ous, hess: Slane eolate to narrowly oblanc a pa sme nate, entire or rarely somewhat denticulate,
glaucous and pe brous or sparsely te n the mar gins and midrib below, ascending an
falcate to ext begar uch s sect than t : ze several scapes ; scapes slender, glabrous ; heads
usually narrowly campan HAddec florets yellow, in fruit 21-22 mm, high, 15-20(-25) mm. wide;
mi pe aceite tapering gradually from the base, frequently purple-spotted, glabrous, the
— series Sipe ore shorter ; ligules mostly 12-15 mm. long; anther-tubes 3.5-5.2 (m ostly
4.0-4.8 mm: ong; achenes mostly 6-7 mm. long, the beak 1.5-6.0 mm. long; pappus commonly
10-12 mm.
ae wt sesh mountain meadows, Arid Transition Zone; east of the Cascade Mountains in Washington
and regon, in northeastern California, ana eastward beyond our range. Type locality: ‘‘On the banks of the
Missouri.” mp oer
Agos glauca var. dasycéphala (Torr. & Gray) Ae ge Man. Fl. Pl. Calif. 1005. 1925. (Ammogeton
scorgoneracfolis Schrad. Ind. Sem. Hort. Gotting. 1 Troximon ae B dasyce ported Torr. & Gray,
Fl. N. Amer. 843; Macrorhynchus Fag var. dasycephalns a: Coat Bot. ng Expl. 205. 1871;
Agoseris scorz rk ah ahs
nein mostly 6-9 mm. long ; cies: tubes 1. a cipiens ong ; achenes mostly lon
monly hispid dictate. tapering Bradvally. into wie beak 0 umid on one side distally and abruptly
tapering; beak mostly 6-8(3-11) mm. long; ake. Gee or sordid, 9-14 mm. lon
cabatenis to “age elevations in cig mountains ge ae North eae tore mostly Boreal gee ee
Peat iny south to Tulare + Seri Bact nia, and southern Colorado, with disjuncts in Quebec. Type focal iy!
“Alpine Prairies of the ky Mountains.”’ Co Nec ted by Drummond, Jun = he Only the typical variety,
described above, occurs in oe range
4. Agoseris retrérsa (Benth.) hg Spear-leaved Agoseris. Fig. 5976.
Macrerhanchss ores Benth. ee Hartw. 320.
Kell. Proc. Calif. segs Y 47. 1873.
Troximon retrorsum A, "Ope sen Amer. Acad. 9: 216. 1874.
Agoseris retrorsa Greene, Phionis 2: 278:
Stout perennials, mostly 2.5-4.5 dm. tall, from a well-developed taproot. Leaves numerou
1.2-3.5 dm ee pom at uniformly laciniate except for the long-acu igen entire aid the
lobes more or les rorse, all callous-tipped, usually canescent toward the base; 1-2 n 1S
stout scapes, g¢ r wi 3 ccose-pu , a t at eae :
heads uniformly campanulate, 3-6 cm. high in fruit; phyllaries bout 3 series, the outer strik-
ingly shorter in fruit, the inner about equaling the # floret w, becomi ots ci
anthesis, Sis partic Ts Li ia ri aie usually 6-10 mm. long; anther-tubes 2.5-4
dark yellow ; achenes 5-7 mm. lor r less truncate af the apex ; beak smooth, igo pen
18-21) mm. ican eats 14 i8 ‘ei red
A cate Radecki upper Sonoran Zone; the Cascade and Blue Mountains of Oregon and Washington, south
to the Coast Ranges and the Sier rra Nevada, California, to the Angeles Ranges of southern California. Type
locality : “Tn montibus Sacramento,”’ California. Collect ted by Hartweg. April—July.
5. Agoseris Brangeine (Nutt.) Greene. Large-flowered Agoseris. Fig. 5977.
Stylopappus grandifiorus Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc, IT. 7: 432. 1841.
Macrorhynchus aan Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 492. 1843.
Troximon grenciperans A. Heo Proc. oa Acad. 9: 216. 1874.
Troximon Green ittonia 1: 174. 1888
Troximon plebeit i Pesta Ses cit. 2: 79. 1890.
prnites arandifore Greene, op. cit. 178. 1891,
e, loc, cit.
pe essiaa eer = Grower: Eryth 1893.
Tro } obt ibe sie ce Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. 18: 98. 1900.
dif be ake dia Jepson, Fl. W. Mid. Calif. 500. 1901.
goseris cinerea Grace ne, beaks s Bot. Obs. 2: cite eee
Agate sek be = db. Bull. Torrey Club 38:
r. plebeia Wittr. Publ. ica riae Biol. Sta. 6: 253. 1928.
Pe Penny hk Bie 2.5-6.0 04 tall, from a multicipital caudex. Leaves polymorphic, ranging
from linear an panenare to broadly spatulate and laciniate, the lobes irregularly disposed, gla-
brous to canescent, usually at least pokecoee on the midribs ; scapes coarse, usually paaaincuiasty
5975. Agoseris aurantiaca
566 COMPOSITAE *
ribbed distally, tomentose below, glabrous or scattered- ont above, —— canescent apices
—4.0c¢ gh, 2:3
the head; heads lar. arge, broadly campanulate to hemispheric, 2.2 ohi 2.3-6.0 cm. wide
in fruit; phyllarie s in 4— < series, the outer eeapleumgsty cilit e with white €-opaque, never sindidas
or aL oage t trichem : florets yellow, drying purplish, a than the involucre; ligules 3-6
mm. lon nther cabes €) .0-2.5 mm. long — spindle-shaped, tapering gradually into the
long filiform beak: pappus 12 fedid aay te . long
Gra ba and bon val Wi ad in the lowlands a aig aaa in the mountains, Upper Sonoran and
Transition Zone anc sland, British Columbia to southern California. Type locality : “High plains of
e Wahlamet. m ‘Collected t ‘ay Nutt May-Jul
6. Agoseris apargioides (Less.) Greene. Seaside Agoseris. Fig. 5978.
Troximon apargioides Less. Linnaea 6: 501. 1831.
ot pee resis Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 296. 1833.
haus it Hook. & Arn. Bot. Beechey 145. 1833.
Ma salen nchus Snsetearss Hook. & Arn. op. cit. 361. 1840.
Taraxacum hirsutum Torr. & Gray, Fl, N. Amer. 2: 494. 1843.
849.
rorhynchus h
Macrorhynchus harfordti Kell. Proc. Calif. Acad. S247; 1873;
pe elses humile A. Gra y, Proc. Amer. Acad. 1 2c YS883.
Agoseris apargioides Crecne: Pittonia e277)
‘Aguastti hirsuta Greene, loc. cit.
Agoseris humilis ants, Rev. Gen. Pl. 1: 304. 1891.
Perennials, mostly 1.2-3.5 dm. tall, with a long cag sa taproot. Leaves mostly more than
9 cm. long, ascending, apni hl gues linear, eer ate or narrowly shisncoote: usually arise
the lobes Sodlccts rarely entire o rely dentate, glabrous or sparsely pube rulent to tomentos
low and on the 2 ied petioles e. pieicd usually several, ey exceeding the leaves, glabrous or
scattered-pubescent, usually villous bene 2 the hea ; hea s broadly campanulate to hemispheric,
in fruit 1.3-2.3 cm. high, 1.1-2.0 cm. bro phyllaries in 3 or 4 series, those of the outer 2 or 3
n
series usually ecthaety commonly ciliate and Prather Soccly villous on the outer surface, trichomes in
part glandular and transluc ent or frequently with scattered, glandular or white-opaque trichomes ;
—6.0 lon,
florets alice. ete hea ene sian: ligules 3.5 mm. long; anther-tubes 1. mm
long ; achenes 5— . long ; beak fine, glabrous or hispidulous, mostly 4-9 mm. long;
pappus niiialy ‘basbefinlats. 59 mm. lo g.
Grassy hillsides, Henid Trans i tae near the coast from ewe mba! County south to Santa Barbara
County, California. Type locality: Cattacse. Collected by Chamisso. May—Jun
Agoseris apargioides subsp. maritima (Shelton) Q. Jones ex pail sage Maa. Pl. Pacif. Northw. 5:
1955, cer oseris maritima Sheldon, Bull. Tor rrey Nelo a0: 310. 1903.) Leaves mostly 4-10 ecm. long, “usualy
reclined, tosis oblanceolate or spatulate, the tips obtuse, irregular i and remotely lobed, or more co peed
rly
merely dentate en trichomes of head eglandular and white- -opaque; anther-tubes 1.5-2.5 mm. long; wcheae
mostly over 4.5 mm. long. Coastal sand dunes, beaches, and maritime a his ecesonnyy County, cs AP inane
south 4 Monterey. County, California. Type locality: Clatsop Beach, Cla County, Oregon. Collected by
ay—
Aaosetis apargioides var. eastwoddiae (Fedde) Munz, Aliso 4: 100. 19 fe (Agoseris hiking sind Legs
pa Fi foa? Segal 311; 808. 1904.) A related form which differs dic the preceding in having translucent trichomes on
> heads; outer lig a8 8-16 mm. long; anther-tubes 3.5—4.5 mm. long; cchents mostly less that 4.5 mm. long.
y from Humboldt County, California, to erttidton ee County.
7. Agoseris heterophylla (Nutt.) Greene. Annual Agoseris. Fig. 5979.
Mecerh inch us: apie! ‘ares Trans. gees Phil. Sec. IT. 7: 430:° 1841.
er
K ymapl. cit., in
Ciypiopiéues californ od ng op. ¢ le 431.
Macrorhynchus Lettoteines Mtg ones be N. Amer. 2: 493. 1843.
Tikitaes hetevephs as im Greene, Bull. T y Club 10: = 1883.
Troximon phy var. aioe Gotne loc
pee n heterophyll . kymapleura Gre reene, Joc. —
hetero, oph hylla mnie Pittonia 2: 178. 18
pres heterophylla var. cryptopleura — “ae ct 73;
ymapleura Greene, loc
Agoserts major “Japenes ay Eat loc. cit.
Troximon heterophyllum var. Se sient emecee ‘eens? Bot. Monatss. 18: 98. 1900.
uksd. loc.
on heteroph
Agoseris heterophylla var. glabra atatcet 9 N. Ww. oa » 2: 402. °1901,
A ts het. Pie sy subsp. normalis Piper, oo U. S._ Nat. Herb, 11: 544, 1906,
Agoseris heterophylla californica Pi ae
Agoseris Ratevbehvile en eda a Piper, loc.
Troximon heterophyllum £, kymapleurum 3 M. pon Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 3: 278. 1907.
Troximon ste 4 ae te H. M. 5a 1 hag: cit.
hyllum var. californicum f. crenulatum H. M. oy Agee nee 279.
Troximon erties var. californicum f. ae H. M. Hall,
Agoseris heterophylla var. saliforn nica Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. oe toe,
Ag heterophylla var. rot tags Jepson, loc. cit.
loc, cit.
prevnties heterophylia var. turgida Jepson,
Slender erect annuals, 3-45 (mostly 6-20) cm. tall, sometimes weakly caulescent. sit s
ascending, y Pbidaeeciaie. Senticy late, occasionally ne or lanceolate, entire or laciniate ;
scapes frequently several, glabrou with a sparse pubescence, becoming glandu iar pubescent
beneath the head; heads na Saree baateoe acs to ieciteoher: 3 in fruit eel 1.4-1.7 cm. high,
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 567
1.7-2.8 cm. in diameter ; phyllaries commonly in 2 length-classes, more or less villous with septate
A eam some = digo bra hae h and gland-tipped; florets yellow, frequently pinkish on
drying ; ——_ 2.5-6.0 n or Fe lants from central California) 6-15 mm. long; aber ties
be: 0 ke? or (plants Meat central California) 2.0-3.9 mm. long; outer achenes polymorphic,
usually spindle shaped re ly 10-ribbed, tawny, sometimes the ribs abnormally developed, straight
. sinuate, glabrous or h nat whitish es purplish, or the pericarp inflated to the obliteration of
oeiieg ert capillary, anally 6-10 mm. long long.
Dry requently weedy situations, ma er cilia Zone; mostly at lower elevations from British Co-
lumbia on el! Lower California, be fg locality: “‘The plaing me Oregon.” Collected by Nuttall. April-—
July. Only the typical subspecies, described above, occurs in our
154. PHALACROSERIS A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 364. 1868.
Glabrous perennial ay with a tuft of basal leaves and 1 to several 1-headed scapes.
Involucre campanulate, 12-16 equal, narrowly lanceolate phyllaries. Flowers white.
Achenes short-o ong, sles urely 4- peed slightly incurved. Pappus none. [Name from
the Greek word meaning bald. headed, and seris, the Greek name for chicory. ]
A monotypic genu
5979. Agoseris heterophylla
5977. Agoseris grandiflora
5980. Phalacroseris bolanderi
5978. Agoseris apargioides
568 COMPOSITAE
He Sa ewegele bolanderi A. Gray. Bolander’s Dandelion. Fig. 5980.
PI | A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 364. 1868.
Acaulescent: with a stout perennial root, glabrous throughout. Leaves narrowly ——-
linear-lanceolate, or some linear-oblanceolate, “iain e on the simple or branched, woody root-cro
slightly aecaicer 8-20 ¢ ng; scape 10-25 cm. 1 2 owered; involucre a
m. lo out 1 cm. ar
diameter ; phyllaries linear-lanceolate, 6-7 mm. long; ligules yellow, well peep
achenes ‘somewhat 4-angled, truncate at both ends, about 3 mm. lon
Wet meadows, Arid Transition and Canadian rene — ont of the Sieers Nevada in Mariposa and
Madera Counties. Type locality : ““Westfall’s Meadows, above Yosemite Valley, alt. 8,000 feet.” June—Aug.
Phalacr — boland ar. coronata H. M. H all, "Bot. nth ng 393. suit. " Rhanels resembling the typical
ecies in kg habit bu “3 ivheues with a short crown. Western slopes of the gly Bold lair from a ——
amas to Fresno County, California. Type locality: Pine Ridge, Sierra Nevada, alt. 5,4 eet, Fresno County.
155. CHAETADELPHA A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 9: 218. 1874.
Perennial herbs with a deep-seated rootstock, many-branched from the base and dicho-
tomously branching above. Leaves alternate, linear or linear- lanceolate. Heads 5-flowered,
solitary at the ends of the branchlets. Phyllaries 5, keeled at the base, membranous, sub-
tended by 5c estat bractlets. Receptacle naked. Achenes 5-angled. Pappus persistent,
the bristles 5, rigid, branched from the base and also about one-half their length into slender
a ra the ulti cae aes oT and surpassing the involucre. [From the Greek
=~ meaning bristle and s
he western = of the Great Basin,
1. Chaetadelpha wheéleri A. Gray. Chaetadelpha. Fig. 5981.
Ew
Chaetadelph heelert A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 9: 218. 18
Glabrous peer bags 4 branching above, 1-3 dm. high. eg i glaucous, 2-5 cm. long,
es h; phyllar Feds igh, the subbending calyculus of 5 bractlets 2-3 mm. long; flowers
ordid-white or ak : 2 ial £10 mm. long, the 5 pappus- Srtsties cen. as long as or
ae ea the achen
Desert valley Satcas Upper Sonoran Zone; southern Malheur County, Oregon, south through western
donc a hg adjacent Inyo County, California. Type locality: ‘Southern Nevada.” Collected by Wheeler.
156. LYGODESMIA D. Don, Edinb. New Phil. Journ. 1829: 311. 1829
Perennial or annual, glabrous or pubescent phe: branched, and in 1 species spinescent.
Leaves linear and entire or the lower and basal ones broader and sometimes pinnatifid, the
uppermost sometimes rice to ee a werk pink or purple, solitary, and erect at the
ends of the branches or sometimes racemose. Involucre cylindric, the phyllaries 5-8, equal,
at the base. Style-branches slerder. Achenes beakless, few-ribbed, cylindric or nearly so
or angled and linear, the pappus of eilary ‘beictles. [Name from Greek words meaning
pliant twig and bundle, from the numerous branches. ]
mS a genus of about 6 species, natives of western and Bic North America. Type species, Prenanthes juncea
urs
Perennial, with rigid spine-tipped b hes; pappus-bristles tawny, 6-10 mm, Jong. 1, L. spinosa,
Annual, the very slender branches not spine-tipped; pappus-bristles white, 2-2.5 mm. long. 2. L. exigua.
1. Lygodesmia spindsa Nutt. Thorny Skeleton-plant or Spiny Lygodesmia.
Fig. 5982.
Lygodesmia spinosa Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 444. 1841.
Stems several from a branching woody root-crown, with oo tufts of wool at base,
om hie 5- fice
rose-colored, wet exserted; achenes mm. long, d an be Hy lightly. fie Haha
toward the apex ; pappus tawny, 6 mm. Jobe short-plumo ore.
Dry plains and = Treg 8 slopes, y Upper Sonoran Mon and British a “rr to
porthern Popes Sao } occu g in the Pacific, ‘Secs in ag tay oo otk Malheur Counties, rere
nia i. | o east of the at id Nevada to Es my Gabriel (Swartout Canyo pie a Ber-
nardino GBalaetn Lake) Mountains. Type locality: ‘In the y Mountain plains towards California.” June—
2 Lygodesmia exigua A. Gray. Annual Lygodesmia or Egbertia. Fig. 5983.
th. A. Gray, Smiths. Contr. 5¢: 105. 1853.
Sendvsnid octane A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 9: 217. 1874.
Stephanomeria minima M. E. eg Conte. West. Bot. No. 17: 31. 1930.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 569
Slender, diffusely much-branched annual, glabrous or the stems sparsely eens eco tent
elow, the branchlets slender and divergent. ower leaves oblanceolate or spatulate, 5-20 m
(9) Oo olte
ong; flowers gules abou . long, rather deeply lobed, ae e ae whitish; achenes
3-4 mm. long, oak ie Lspeanay he iscsi pete rather rigid, bright white.
ane ledges et eter aoe a Zones; Moja sah) ste Colorado sia. southern California east to
a = Texa: as. e loc : El Paso, Texas. "Apr 1M
mia jincea UP urs an D. ake. Edinb. New Phil. BR 1829: 311. pec (Prenanthes agers ea Purs'
FI. Pressey Fees eae “I8i4 ) iE, ose umes ee be denser sharia a om a deep-seated, creeping root and Gearine
no sera tufts of w y be ted in rn Washington, as it occurs in British Columbia oa Idaho and
Montana, but no cee Wires haere b ay n.
157. STEPHANOMERIA Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 427. 1841.
Nomen conservandum
Annual or perennial, Riche _osmeton — often glaucous herbs, sometimes woody at the
base, wit th erect, simple or branched s Leaves alternate o r basal, entire or runcinate-
pinnatifid, those of the ‘cantine often ses and scale-like. Hea ids subsessile or pedunculate
in panicles or solitary at the ends of the branches. Involucre cylindric or oblong, the phyl-
5983. Lygodesmia exigua
5984. Stephanomeria cichoriacea
5981. Chaetadelpha wheeleri
5982. Lygodesmia spinosa
570 COMPOSITAE
laries few, mostly in 1 series, equal, scarious- margined, slightly united at base, subtended
by several calyculate bractlets, thin and withering in age. Flowers pink, flesh-colored or
in the morning i
A western North American genus of about 15 species. Type species, hee minor (Hook.) Nutt.
Phyllaries 10-15 mm. long; leaves (3 .5— m. long) present on midstems at flowering ti
Receptacle deeply pitted, cea ae sabe sessile or subsessile on elongated naked branches of ae lc il
cte, acea.
Receptacle naked; heads terminating the branchlets, corymbosely or racemosely arranged.
Leaves thin, entire or saliently toothed. : 7: lactucina.
Leaves thick and usually callous-margined, runcinately pinnatifid. S. parryi,
Fugilaries 6-9 feare) y 19). mm es longs, leaves mostly bract-like on midstems at flowering time or ae
minutely rugulose.
Pappus-t Ainiged plumose to posik base or nearly so; plants mostly herbaceous at the base, the stems with
ending branche 4. S. tenutfolia.
Pappus>ristles sionlttacts hae hens one-fourth - more of their length and long-plumose above; plants
y below and divaricately hranching abov
Plan iat bro; 4 5: oe ext
Plan OF Geuaety't omentulose. . S.cin
Annuals or biennials; mature fertile achenes more or less tuberculate or rugose between 2 teleteodinal ribs.
Papp gare ss mnate below in groups of 3 or 4, plumose to pois of attachment or poy 0 hirsutulous
e loees one-half or one-third; sepa peduneulate (shortly so in robust forms of S. paniculata
aint a Se . rape S. exigua and S. v ta).
ps a stout; pedun —1.5 cm. ete nat aiding: clavate, a little onacnlaee. minutely his-
pi ulous, 7 i 2 grooved between the angles 5 Ore paniculata.
Stems slender; peduncles 1-4 cm. long; achenes linear, ghsbrowa; angled, and erooves evident.
exigua,
Pappus-bristles free to the base and deciduous, ne ronng just above the base leaving a minute crown,
plumose throughout; heads typically subse: 9. S. virgata.
1. Stephanomeria cichoriacea A. Gray, sane leaved Stephanomeria. Fig. 5984.
Stephanomeria cichoriacea A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 6: 552. 18
Perennial from a long deep taproot and somewhat ae the stems erect, simple or virgately
branched, 6-15 dm. high, stout, glaucous, glabrous or commonly more or less woolly-pubescent
especially when young. Basal leaves spreading on the ground, ubeinate: fniAAned, spatulate in
outline, 8-16 mm. long, narrowed into Sigrenl stem-leaves sessile and clasping or auricled, the
upper smaller, lanceolate or oblong, entir mmonly irregularly and saliently toothed; heads
numerous, mostly on short ramets: Dedintcn” along the stems, mostly -flowered ; corolla
pink, r. arely white ; schene s smooth, striate; pappus sordid, ahaa throughout, 10-12 mm. long.
Dry washes and slopes, ae Sonoran a d Tra ansition Zones; southern Monterey and San Benito 1 angggone
and de - Pass south to the souther = open of the San Rernsidinn hagintaina and the Santa Ana Mounta
S. z Island, California. Tyee locality: Fort Tejon, Tehachapi Mountains. Aug.—Dec. Tejon Milk tae.
2, ee oe A. Gray. Large-flowered Stephanomeria. Fig. 5985.
Stephanomeria lactucina A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 6: 552. 1865.
Pillorie fateh Greene, Pianta e ays: 1
Dp a! with slender, deep-seated, creeping rootstock, the stems abit singly, preoching
near the base with the slender branches spreading, or strictly erect with ascending bra
cm. ‘hi gh, glabrous or ee y puberulent. Leaves linear, 2. cm. 3 ag —-7 mm. ae more 0
+ ag attenuate at apex, entire or more or less sparingly runcinate-denticulate; heads terminating
a or escteate slender branches and someyhat co imes somewhat race-
socal involucres narrowly campanulate, the inner phyllaries linear-at m.
long, the few outer a 5 mm. long, about twice the length the calyculate bractlets, pale green
or rose-ting a gt usually 7 or 8, the ligules well exserted, rose-colo or og." -purple ;
achenes 5-6 mm. long, ribbed, glabrous, light brown pappus-brist tles 9-10 mm. lon abo ut 20,
white, chnsone ¢ deurticut, slightly broadened and somew vhat nena in Hair oO r 6.
Sandy flats and open pine forests, Arid Transition and _ n Zones stern slope of the pele Moun-
tains from southwestern Jackson County and Deschutes Cou mts, Omnia gon, msec aa gh the Cascade Moun-
tains se Sierra Nevada to Mari sa County, California; Pin os the Siskiyou Mountains i Mount Sanhedrin
in the North Coast —_ Califor ornia. Type locality: “Dry hill near Big-tree Road in the Sierra Nevada, alt.
6,000 Pal July—Aug
a, A scape’ sag parryi A. Gray. Parry’s Stephanomeria. Fig. 5986.
— parryi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. sa 61. 1883
ta par iaierinss Contr. *O. S. Nat. Herb. os 9
Perea 8 ae glaucous-green and ge tan throughout, the stems rather stout, erect, 15-30
cm. high, widely branching from near the base, the branches ascending or mor ommon nly di-
varicately pinta ng. oe linear-lanceolate, rather thick and firm, deeply runcinately_pin-
natifid, toothed; the margin somewhat calloused, anes or sparsely "pubescent beneath, 2.5-4
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 571
cm. long; heads terminating the ages = the short, lateral, bracteate branchlets, 10-14-
wered ; inner phyllaries 10-12 m ong, scarious-margined; corolla pale pink to white, well
exs sa ; — Sy ristles 7-8 mm. oe ag, long-plumose above, barbe ipa te .at pws te widened,
deciduous in groups of 2 or 3; achenes i 9 se een ow rugulose ribs.
Sandy and sae slopes, pee Firma a Zone; Inyo and Panamint teier Inyo County, and western
Mojave i ahary California, east to ae n Arizona and southern Utah. Type ‘locality : ‘near St. George,
S: Utah,” May_— July. Parry’s Rocke
4. Stephanomeria tenuifolia (Torr.) H. M. Hall. Narrow-leaved Stephanomeria.
Fig. 5987.
Prenanthes ? tenuifolia Torr. Ann. Lyc. N.Y. 2: 210. 1827.
ih tenuifolia Ra f. Atl. Journ. 145. 183
L r Ho k Bor. ue i: 295. pl. 103, fig. A. 1833.
Phil. Soc. IT. 7: 427. 1841.
¥
Nutt. Trans. Am
Ptiloria filifolia Greene, scree a 1, ‘* 898.
Stephanomeria tenuifolia H, M. Hall. Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 3: 256. 1907.
s herbaceous, pale green and glabrous, 2-5 dm ii erect from a perennial root, with
several to flexuose, ascendin ng branches. Lo ves narrow, runcinate-pinnatifid, about
5 cm. long, the upper leaves aaar, Prosi si somewhat shorter; heads terminal, ae j eae
\ a y
436)
as
5987. Stephanomeria t
5988. Stephanomeria jaaatitiers
5985. Stephanomeria lactucina
5986. Stephanomeria parryi
572 COMPOSITAE
ered ; involucre 8-10 mm. long, the phyllaries eal 5; achenes 5-angled and grooved, the pappus-
Sristics 15-25, white or sordid, plumose throughou
Plains and jon mountain slopes, Upper Son and Transition Zones; southeastern British Columbia
south to Modoc Cou California; Bg Moola ae pa Cclncalee. mene northern Abicsna, Type locality: ‘“‘near the
Rocky Mountains,”’ “Collected by EP ames. June-Aug.
A form differing from = name-bearing taxon ey having divergent branches and shorter stature has bee
tg in the La ken Tahoe regi n Nevada and California ohed also at Sonora Pass, Tuolumne Caasity. and =
H ats 5. ia The name Pislona Gewgns was applied to this entity by Greene in C. F. Baker, West Amer. PI.
1]: 19, 190.
meria tenuifolia var. myrioclada (D. C. Eaton) Rrongisint, Leaflets West Bot. 1950.
(Stepha momerte myrioclada D. C. Eaton. Bot. King Expl. 5: as pl. 20, tsi AP TST 1s Aa ngs tenfolig myrio-
clada Blake, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 25: 623. 1925; Stephanomeria paucifior a var. myrtioclada Mun S. Calif,
589, 601. 1935.) Plants 1-3 dm. high of densely crowded, slend ems arising from a woo nape pont ‘linear,
filiform; involucre 5—6 mm. high; phyllaries 3-5; achenes as in oe poe Arid Transition ee Canadian Zones
in the desert ranges of Nevada and Wyoming westward to the eastern fers arg of be Cascade Mounta Oregon
south to the southern Sierra Nevada, California. Type locality: ‘‘Thousand Spring and ‘Groce Creek Wileré: [Elko
County] Nevada; 6—6,500 feet elevation.”
5. Stephanomeria paucifléra (Torr.) A. Nels. Few-flowered Stephanomeria or
Wire Lettuce. Fig. 5988.
Prenanthes (?) pauciflora Torr. Ann. Lyc. N.Y. 2: 210. 1827.
ig nee peuciiane Bat Atl. Journ. 145. 1832.
rythea 1: 224.
Steph A. Nels. in Coult. & Nels s. New Man. Bot. Rocky Mts. 588. 1909.
Stephanomeria — Eastw. Titles West. Bot. 2: 55. 1937
Perennial, woody at the base, the several stems divaricately and intricately branched and
more or fest rigid, ipieting rounded, glaucous and glabrous bushes 3-5 dm. high. Lower leaves
runcinate-pinnatifid with narrow segments, the upper entire and spreading, with tufts of wool
, or reduced ales, these also sometimes ; he olitary, terminal on the
nd also scattered along the branchlets on short bracteate pedu , dt red; in-
volucre 7-8(10) . high, Be Ss ; ri s grooved between the 5 ribs and rather incon-
spicuously transversely r €; pappus what tawny, the bristles rather firm ie ee
from the base for about ne Honrth their ek and long-plumose above, deciduous in g
Sandy or ss goats desert slopes, Sonoran Zones; western Kern County and the “Mojave and fate iauite:
Pb ag eastward through Nevada sa a > Kansas and south to northern Son and Texas. Type locality:
“near the Rocky Mountains.” Collected by E. P. James. April—Oct. Desert Straw
6. Stephanomeria cinérea (Blake) Blake. Gray Stephanomeria. Fig. 5989.
Sena cinerea Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 35: 177. 1922.
a eria rene var. tae eer ae Fl. Pl. sei 998. 1925.
fr; iy A tshit Angee Aue: 42 100. ie
vie renni ial, sie at base and divaricately much-branched above, densely cinereous-tomentose
throughout, 3-4 dm. high. ae es of the midstem linear-lanceolate, acuminate, runcinate-toothed
and ed to above; ds pagel at the tips of the branchlets or on sh peduncles,
out 5-flowered ; phyllaries 5, 7-8 h, subtended by calyculate bractlets ; achenes 5-angled,
whitish, finely ie daha oi rugulose when mature ; shee Mong ete out 14, somewhat tawny, his-
pidulous at the extreme base, plumose above and deciduous in a r Hig
Gravelly soil, a Sonoran Zone; Death Valley region in ten County, Slag steer and adjacent Nevada
Ene Mg “Lancaster, Los Angeles County, California, in the Mojave Desert. Type locality: ‘‘Pahrump Valley,
Nev: 0-915 meters.” Tone) ‘uly.
F “Mich pinot th age western desert fore of S. paucifora and differing principally in the cinerous tomentum
of the stems,
Z. Steppe erin acne a Nutt. Stiff-branched Stephanomeria. Fig. 5990.
Steph i Nutt. Tra gi sep Phil. Soc. If. 7: 428. 1841.
Ptiloria paniculata me Pittonia = 1890.
Stephanomeria oregonensis Gandoger, Pal Soc. Bot. Fr. 65: 53. 1918.
Stephanomeria suksdorfii Gandoger, loc
stems usually a rather octet B 5 tiie | eee above, 3-6 dm. high, gla-
e som p
us t thro
leaves narrowly oblance wing eae’ or decticuiste: the otis narrowly linear, eae red ced and
bract-like in the inflorescence; heads on short divergent bractlets th for narrow or sometimes
more widely branching panicles, 5—7-flowered; phyllaries 5, ‘tine ear, 5-7 mm. long, Edbtesicled by
caly i ight pink; achenes parey 5-angled, the intervals tuberculate;
pappus-bristles 1 , united in groups of 2 or 3, white or more commonly tawny, rather short-
plumose above and becoming di — near the base
Dry hillsides and plains, especially in open sagebrush, Arid Transition and Upper Sonoran Zones; Wash-
Soe east of a Cascade Mountains cad Idaho southward to eastern rene and northern California. Type
“On the Rocky Mountain pinins, towards the Colorado.”” July—Aug
8. gecdeaaces exigua Nutt. Small Stephanomeria. Fig. 5991.
Stephanomeria exigua ns. Amer. ae Soc. IT. 7: 428. 1841.
Ptiloria exigua Greene, on toa 132. 18
Annual or rarely biennial, 1-5 a high, commonly fastigiately branched from the base in
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 573
older or more vigorous plants, occasionally nearly Baia with paniculately ascending branches ;
stems usually slender, pale bluish green, slabrows with a few minute glandular hairs. Lower
and basal leaves narrowly oblong, coarsely to bed or runcinate-pinna atifid, 5 cm. or less long, the
upper feaves small and bract-like; heads at the tips of the branches, more rarely clustered on
: cr mm,
c
angles, the intervals with 2 long itudinal rows of tubercles; hcp Aca 8-18, white, plumose
above, the lower third naked, ere aking off toward the base, more or less adhering in groups of
4 or 5 by the widened bases, these often with minute marginal bristles.
Brushy slopes and in forests, Upper Sonoran and Transition nes; Wyoming, Idaho, and eastern Oregon
south to New Mexico and California on the Gunes face of the signe Nesaie: aad the mountains of southern
California; also on the western face of kat ape ra Nevada in Kern County and near the coast in southern Cali-
fornia and Lower California where sever 1 diverse forms ben to be found, — of which appear to be a
ego —o S. exigua, S. exigua var. “deane 1, and S. virgata. In som es -bri
Aaa gg tend = shatter readily, leaving an iseulay crown on the sehenes formed by the brcudeaed and
pasate as nited nonplumose bases of t he iy les. These forms have aie interpreted by authors as S. exigua
var. coronaria tisccene) Jepson ‘Tian: i, . Calif. 998. 1925.) by t are different from S. coronaria aed a
plant of the c aren = Spee of CAtfornia which r s part o he s. virgata complex. Type loc + On:
the os ky Moun plains, towards the Colorado.”” July—O
Siesickcaueie aries var. pentachaéta (D. C. Fate, H. M. Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 3: 260. 1907.
rag rte Mg eta D. C. Eaton, Bot. King Expl. 199. pl. 20, fas . 8-10. 1871; Ptiloria pentachaeta
tto: Loar Lee
°
mh
co
°
-
3
w
ae
i-"
a
<
ES
Ss
a
of
as
o
=
w
a
°
e,
base but deciduous i 2 oe ups, plum Tate on the’ ‘upper malt bea eg discal at ‘the base fee usually with a few
minute teeth. Dry desert regions, otis rney and Malheu , southward east of the
ak
ipa + Pipi
SOO corer’? =
ae
5989. Stephanomeria cinerea
5990. Stephanomeria paniculat:
ia Stephanomeria exigua
992. Stetphanomeria virgata
574 COMPOSITAE
Cascade Mountains and the Sierra Nevada to Inyo County and the Genexts of southern California and adjacent
Lower California; also Nevada, southwestern Utah. and lacing estern Arizona. Occurring with S. erigua var
exrigua, ba hacthy coe “Truckee and Humboldt Valleys,’’ Neva
St na exigua var. déanei J. F. Macbride, yey Grey Herb. No :22. 1918. (Ptiloria exigua
var. deane Fr. Machriie Foss Davids. ea smog y; is hn Calif.: 355.1923.) Sle Mii ‘annual, divas ivete-penigciees
with bracteate _ pecunaies rsisting e than season and becoming intricately branched; m or less
glandular e lally in the infor leiconet: yeah pee + in the oe intervals of the achenes stro cate grooved
and little or ot at all tuberculate; pappus- — as in 9 species, often breaking off i ievepudarty gee the base.
Hill slopes, Sag Diego County, California, and mountains of yer Lower California; naerar ese ve the
north with the slender nonglandular form of Ky exigua i I a the achenes are slightly rugose and strongly
grooved, Tene locality : Sweetwater Valley, San Diego Cou
4 Stephanomeria virgata Benth. Virgate or Tall Stephanomeria. Fig. 5992.
St ta Benth. Bot. Sulph. 32. 1844.
paiement ehaie Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. II. 1: 173. 1848.
Stephanomeria coronaria Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 1: 194. 1885.
tomentos 886
en eet,
Ptiloria canescens Gr iid Pittonia 2+13%,
eign pleurocarpa Gree e;, loc
cae Munz, Aliso 4: 100. 1958.
aceuat Seite.” erect with rigid stems of reaiely branching above, 3-10 dm. high or rarely
dm. ; erbage u sually Fe ie throughout, in some forms tomentose. Lower leaves oblong o
spatulate, often sete or shallowly pgs soon deciduous, the upper ones linear and mite ea
solita i icle s
with = without an evident ates: meen strongly rugose to nearly smooth; pappus-bristles white,
ong, copious, a mber, fragile, the plumose hairs usually a little shorter
ehvlaerd | the base, completely deciduous o or sp ‘base es of the bristles in some forms remaining on the
achene as an extremely short, mn crow
Dry hills and alice Transition | and Sonoran Zones; southwestern rogue southward to northern Lower
California. ng oat San Pedro, Los Angeles Counts: California. Bi ae :
Future field studie ay prove that some of the synonyms listed under thi * variable taxon mn may hav
taxonomic status. ieerent aa are sometimes locally recogniz able “but intergrading forms are cocitentiy ge
be found even in the same re
; The photograph of the ty *, S. virgata var. virgata from San Pedro shows a plant wit th hy Be irgate- eerste
inflorescence in which the hemi are subsessile nag fascicled along the stems, a form which is found rather com-
monly northward along the coast. The enes are angled, slightly incurved, and rugose- tuberdclate, es usually
dark or mottled. Apparently they are > tne not grooved on the faces between the an ngles as this character
is not ag ed in the careful original FSi ew
The of S. elata from Santa Barbara has not bee As interpreted from the original description
it tideres A "ibe ca virgata complex ba t differs ola the sia form in the ‘ nae ore te in which
each of the “flower ~~ anches . ar three or four pileb ale ” The blue color gned to the ligules om =
original description was ev idently not, obtained from field notes but was doubtfully applied to the dried ieee
by Nuttall. Some specimens are to be found in co Hectiaae frees the Santa Barbara region in which the heads
are definitely pedunculate in an chiens t panicle rather Lege clustered along the branches of a virgate-panicalate
inflorescence. The achenes of some of these s apeci mens are pale brown, 5-groo okey po scmemtak ose, all
are attached he base in ethan of 3 or 4, not plumose to the hase, and break one ather een,
other tearaeiee, absence of beamed a es angles, is met with sporadically cheokghus the species. Also
iy areuers® having the short cro athe achene have grooves and low tubercles rather than smooth faces
on the achen
Stephanomeria tomentosa, described ie Greene from Santa Cruz Island, Santa Barbara County, is described
as a stout plant having the inflore escence and achene characters ef S. virgata be vse igs as “‘white hoeseniuer
throughout when young the i aiarunceolee glabrate.” This type of pubesc pace of soft, er multi-
cellular, unbranched ea ie is ‘fea in varying abundance in other spec oie tise islands and adja cent
fe and. oe can even be demonstrated on specimens having the ‘ ‘elata’® type oF alien which are found in
same
tiloria mescens, described from Napa Valley, and P. pleurocarpa from Redding, nasa Counts, as_ well
other roadhg of the complex, occur he hout northern and central Pwitocts and the S ierra Nev a to
he
rs quite as often on plants es many heads on virgately disposed branches. Ptiloria sletecuehe
is distneuianea se from Stephanomertia virgata var. vi poate by pale brown achtn es.
158. RAFINESQUIA Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. IT. 7: 429. 1841.
amis and slightly ae * peed annuals with fistulose stems and pinnatifid
lea Heads rather large, with white or rose-tinged flowers. Involucre conic or cylindric,
with h 7-15 linear acuminate pylaries, somewhat fleshy at biog with a few 8 shape
outer ones. Achenes terete, somewhat fusiform, obscurely few-ribbed, uate into
beak. Pappus white or cet of 8-15 slender bristles, these softly a from the
base to near the tip. [Name in honor of Consiantine Rafinesque, an American naturalist
x0. aia eler.]
A genus of 2 species, natives of southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico. Type species, Rafinesquia
californica Nutt.
Rays about 5-8 mm. long; beak of the achene as long as the body: pappus capillary and 1 ical ae straight
Rays about 15 mm. long: beak of the achene shorter than the body; pappus flattened at base, See se with ‘arach-
noid hairs, these sometimes lacking at the attenuate tip.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 575
1. Rafinesquia califérnica Nutt. California Chicory. Fig. 5993.
Rafnesquie cloacae seh Trans. Amer. Phil. are Il. 7: 429. 1841.
Greene, Pittonia 2: 193. 189
ms stout, a3 dee, high, ool ‘hook or sometimes branched above. Basal leaves
coarsely to othed, soon withering ; stem-leaves oblong ba worse eolate, auriculate- siaaping dentate to
Scteapesestenell d, the divisions rather broad and n _— the —— the upper leaves much
reduced; heads several in a paniculate- cep ome a S anericen m. hi a ‘i igules 5-8 m
long, white ; outer achenes pubescent and somewhat uderenians! beak slender, equaling the bo o
pappus dull white or sordid, plumose with steeight hairs to the top of the bri
Foothills and ebay: ee Sonoran Zone; Humboldt and Mariposa sacthow ies ricer 0 coast:
California and norther r California; occasionally eastward at higher elevations to the Sescua wee Colorade
Deserts and es tah yee ona. Type locality: “‘Near the sea-coast in the vicinity of St. Diego, Upper Cali-
fornia.”” April—July.
o sinneei neo-mexicana A. Gray. Desert Chicory. Fig. 5994.
R A. Gray, Smiths. Contr. 56: 103. 1853.
Na emoseris neo-mexicana Greene, Pittonia 2: 193. T6931;
Stems simple or branched from Ay base, 1.5-5 dm. high, often purplish, rather weak and
usually jaaneobted by desert shrubs. Basal leaves 3-9 cm. long, mostly runcinate-pinnatifid, acute
at the apex, u sally per — during anthesis, the stem-leaves sessile and auriculate-clasping,
much Ase gist abov and becoming feached te in the inflor rescence, deeply runcinate-pinnatifid, the
nonincised p OE the feat spony. ne 6 lanceolate to linear ; flowers solitary at the ends of the
branchlets ; igh arid about 2 cm. long, linear-lanceolate, ak aa ct , the outer calyculate
bractlets much sho rter, ligules 1s. -20 m m. long, laciniate-toothed at the apex, white within, tinge
with rose or purple without; achen 3 12 15 mm. long, obscurely angled, tapering abruptly into
a beak shorter than. ie body of the ppl a surface npoearin grayish-mottled with a papillate
puberulence, the pappus- Fang ors bright white, the bas mewhat flattened, plumose with soft
arachnoid ha airs, hens often lacking at the inn of the ‘bri mre
Mesas and canyons, usua my in the shade of shrubs, — Zones; Inyo County, California, south through
the Mojave: gad feeeete Deserts to central Lower California and eastward to souther ice ey and through Ari-
zona we Texas, and in adjacent Sonora. Type losabeee El Paso, Texas. March—-May
159. MALACOTHRIX DC. Prod. 7: 192. 1838.
Annual or perennial herbs. Leaves alternate or basal, poangped Bim Heads long-
dumeae panicled, or solitary; flowers yellow: or w ite or mes purplish- tinged.
uo en ng, en
rr 8 so " ~~ hair, in ict to ‘ie soft woolly nabencaee: on the leaves of the
original s
A wae ae American genus of about 15-20 species. Type species, Malacothrix californica DC.
576 COMPOSITAE
pera chog 5-5 dm. high.
Out phollaies well Pasicatiarns in 3-4 series, orbicular to narrowly or broadly ovate with conspicuous
s margin
Pappus-bristes 4, persisting on the achene; outer phyllaries orbicular, 4-5 ae pate of desert
arid a co
feneiie blatlo ae persisting on the achene; outer phyllaries bilan Piet 2 mm. bro: vai plants of
Channel Islands. . M. thaiiadie fatale
Outer sohlasaea? in 1—2 series, the outer much shorter than the i a with narrow scarious margin
Stems leafy to the inflorescence; leaves not much reduced abov:
gpsinsinl erect; leaves laciniate-pinnatifid. 3. M.
Plants depressed (or erect) ; musts n the oh obtuse. 4. M. harose
Leaves mostly basal, reduced and sparse abov
Basal leaves pinnatifid with a ona filiform lobes; flower-heads large, the ligules 12-16 mm.
long. 5. M. californica.
Basal ald al pinnatifid Brey short, broad, mostly toothed lobes; flower-heads medium to small, the
i 2-10 mm
pie. pod" 4-7 mm. high; achenes finely 10-15 striate with the 5 ribs not markedly more promi-
fo, about 2-3 mm. long; achenes with > tues denticulate crown and 1-2 persistent
bristles; leaf-margins without tufts of w 6. M. clevelandii.
Ligules 3-5 mm. long; achenes with an entire crown and no persistent bristles; leaf-margins
with tufts of wool. vs M. floce ifera.
—- 8-13 mm. high; achenes 15-striate, ever ib
es 2-3 mm. long; ee, a all alee jntieimleie essentially aiabsaws.
. M. sonchoide.
ays boa 4 sation long; 1-8 pappus-bristles persistent; ee eta a Pg gland-
ped 9. M. torreyt.
Perennials; shrubs, stout kaha aceous plants or the more or ee ene forms from a woody root-crown.
igules yellow; dune plan pied is sebeng ag spina from a 10. M.4
Ligules pink, rb: or V ect oc tanesine plants
Heads wt Mn A eats herbaceous or shrubby ony at base (except M. savratilis var. implicata);
leaves not obovate or oblong-obovate.
Shans ‘Sechenous, — sisal from a ate seated, branched root, the entire est on
if present, acute or acuminate at the . M.s
Stems several from a woody root, usually siitcboieiend at base; entire bicvet ue aan eat or
broadly acute at : the apex (except in vars. implicata and ‘tenu ifo " vii
. M. saxatilis.
Heads 9—12-flowered; shrubs; leaves obovate or oblong-obovate. a M. blair
1. Malacothrix coulteri Harv. & Gray. Snakes-head or Coulter’s Malacothrix.
Fig. 5995.
Malacothrix coulteri Harv. & Gray in A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. II. 4: 113. 1849.
ne ee coulteri Heller, Mihlechefeee 2: io. 1906.
ms branching above and sometimes also at base, erect or sometimes more or less decum-
bent, US dm. high, glabrous and pale. Leaves sinuate-dentate or somewhat pinnatifid, the basal
m. uline claspi i ;
oblong or mea ny ong, the cauline clasping, ovate to lanceolate i -
1 : rminatin branches, short-peduncled; involucres hemispherical, 10-15
i phyllaries well cated, suborbicular to ovate, with broad scarious margins and a
broad, purplish reen, central band; ligules pale, yellow to nearly , th ter ones so
p (6) white €-
times lined with reddish purple, 5-18 mm. long; achenes light greenish brown, 2-2.75 mm. long,
4-5-angled, with 2 striae between the sharply sive Ses these extended above the body of the
achene in short ead: a ee ‘appus-briste eek
Flats er Sonoran Zone; Saas a, San Joaquin, and Mariposa Counties, central
California, south to northern: peed, Catifornia and east in the desert r regions to southwestern Utah and Arizona.
Type ineaticg: California. Collected by Coulter. March-— May
Malacothrix coulteri var. co 2 ta Jepson, Man. FI. Pl, Calif. 1001. 1925. Heads and phyllaries as in
M. eoatert var. coulteri; stem-leaves pris in but waited nearly to the midrib into linear divisions; achenes and
pappus-bristles as in M. coulteri var. coulteri. Ra rely collected; Santa ( Cruz and Santa Rosa Islands in Santa
Barbara County, the San Pedro hills in phe ‘Raasies County (Abrams a), = Tia Juana, San Diego County
(Jones), California. Type locality: Santa Cruz Island. Collected by Bran
2. Malacothrix insularis var. squalida (Greene) Ferris. Island Malacothrix.
Fig. 5996.
Malacothrix squalida gyi a Calif. Acad. 2: 152. 1886.
aE. Williams, Amer. Midl. Nat. 58: 507. 1957.
Malacothrix Santarls 9 var. Mais Ferris, Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 102. 1958.
Glabrous annuals, the stout ig decumbent or sometimes erect, 1.5-4 dm. high, quite densely
leafy se counhiout, branched at base and above. Leaves sessile, 2-7 cm. long, broadly lanceolate to
ovate in outline, with ent, Saaanied: acute lobes, the anaes upper leaves a oe, laciniate
and clasping at the base; heads many, on short, at bracteate peduncles ; aot s 9-
uter oO
: oran es ete — Santa Rosa, Santa Bertone and Anacapa Islands
off the coast of southern terraces, Upoe eraik. eres locality : Santa Cruz Island. Collected by Greene. April-July.
SS Sout Baviars tcland appear to be quite close to M. insu lacie Wax, ino
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 577
3. Malacothrix foliédsa A. Gray. Leafy Malacothrix. Fig. 5997.
Malacothrix foliosa A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. ed. 2. 17: 455. 1886.
Glabrous annuals, the rather slender stems often purplish, erect, 1.5-3.5 dm. high, leafy
throughout, usually simple below ip Dp rses branched above, rarely with r 3 branches
ase. anceo
: ious m mare , calyc
late bracts, 2 or 3 of these sometimes about one-half at’ length . the inner phyllaries; ligules
bright yellow, surpassing the inner ohyllaries ne 2. —-3 m achenes 1.2-1.3 mm. long, o obscure ely
angular, 12-15-ribbed or striate, “ce ibs cele of ‘equal width, aie on the angles not noticeably
larger; pappus-bristles all deciduous.
Hillsides and t es, Upp ae Zone; Santa Barbara, San Clemente, and Coronados Islands off the
coast = southern California oat "hort thern Lewer California. Type locality: San Clemente Island, Los Angeles
County, California. Collected by Nevin and Lyon. April—July.
4. Malacothrix indécora Greene. Fleshy Malacothrix. Fig. 5998.
Malacothrix indecora Greene, Bull. Calif. Acad. 2: 152. 1886
Malacothrix foliosa var. jadocore E. Williams, Amer. Midl. Nat. 58: 507. 1957.
Low, leafy annuals 2-4 cm. high, at first single-stemmed, becoming much br anched from the
base, pete depressed. Leaves gues us and succulent, sees or often oblanceolate, more or less
pinnatifid with ‘oie obtuse lobes, the lower 2-3 cm. long, the upper about half as long; heads
Sty.
P57,
5995. Malacothrix coulteri
5996. Malacothrix insularis
5997. ote foliosa
5998. Malacothrix indecora
578 COMPOSITAE
on short bracteate peduncles ; involucre 6-7 mm high; inner phyllaries linear- lanceolate, pe
greenish, the outer “area nd p urple-tinged ; ligules shorty greenish yellow. achenes about 1 m
long, 5-angled and 2-3-st hal hi n the obtus e angles; pappus dec hi na ring with no date er
ent bristles, the peiiea tte ee cilate at base, barectine abavey Fadeplees arith minute
palea
An insular species, occurring on Santa Cruz and San Miguel Islands, Santa Barbara County, and San ingen
Island, Ventura County, off the coast of southern California. Type loc ality : Santa Cruz Island. April-Sep
5. Malacothrix califérnica DC. California Malacothrix, Fig. 5999.
Malacothrix californica DC. Prod. 7: 192. 1838.
caulescent scapose annual. Leaves basal, espn Se dense rosette, Fpeanchegs 6-12 cm. long,
the lobes na arrowly linear or ep atin filiform, more or less Bageort tbs oolly- ntose when young,
partially glabrate in age; scapes usually several, 10-35 ¢ high, opt or ; vimewtin decumbent
at labrous, simple and bractless, bearing a rt al A head with pale yellow ligules;
involucres broadly campanulate, m igh, densel fe) se; outer phyllaries nar-
1 t uch er and linear-lanceolate, with broadly scarious ma ;
receptacle-bristles usually present but delicate ; achenes about long, s e nar
r and
e base, 4-5-ribbed, with 2 slender striae between the ribs: ; pappus white, about
8 mm — ng, the 2 outer bristles persistent, the inner ones united at base pe falling away together.
r gravelly soils, Sonoran Zones; inland and along the coast, Contra Costa County, and Fresno and
Tulare Wane south to Lower California; also on the Wwebter edges of the Mojave and Colorado Deserts. Type
locality : ira sg: Collected by Douglas. arch— May
hrix ca atte var. glabrata A. Gray nD: C. Eat Bot. King Expl. 201. 1871. (Malacothrix
reer Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 12: 422. 1884 2 ‘Growth habit, ‘and Lig of M. californica var. californica;
a gahrons throughout, rarely a little woolly on young ba “ee ; flower ring stems bearing 2 or 3 "aces
heads (ra 2): 1 or 2 canine leaves sometimes present; aches pli asin M. ay Sal eal var. californica,
Sandy ae Deathereatecl Idaho and eastern Oregon a and Nevilis idle the deserts oF Lalit nia and Arizona
to Lower California; occurring rarely with the species in the San Fossum Valley in ae pee nty, California,
and eastern part of the Cuyama Valley. Santa oa bara County. Type locality: 7 eal City (Anderson!)
Foothills of the Trinity Mountains, Nevada.” Mare h-July. Desert Dandelion.
6. Malacothrix clevelandii A. Gray. Cleveland’s Malacothrix. Fig. 6000.
Malacothrix clevelandii A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 433. 1876
Annual, the stems usually several from the base, paniculately branched above, the branches
ascending, 1-4 dm . high, glabrous, often reddish. Leave s mostly basal, more or less. Lira
2-10 cm. u teeth 3. ste. wid “ye
e many, e
slender paniculate branches ; involucre narrowly campanulate, 67 mm. high, the in “i igllaries
i n, O i d i y about 2 m
long ; achenes linear, minutely striate-costate; pappus rat deciduous pir rgd oy 1 (erely 2)
rersictent bristle (this 1 usually oe deciduous) and a circle of minute white teeth.
Chaparral and open Ayre espec n burns or disturbed places, mainly Upper Sonoran Zone; occa-
sional in the foothills of the Sie 5 ora California, from ipisrahan County southward and the Coast Ra anges
from Glenn County to gathers. Califo orets, wher more and nor Haan x teat Catitecata: also on
Santa Cruz Island "(Brandegee) and occasional in rie gs ns Ag pny Mase Deserts to southwestern Nevada and
Arizona, and Sonora. Type locality: dar Sax Diego. April-June.
a pica ne (DC.) Blake. Woolly Malacothrix. Fig. 6001.
Senecio flocciferus DC. Prod. 6: 426. 1837.
reaengio 1ae4 ottnat Ben x =e Hartw. Poi 1849,
ora Benth
Pout Soneihive — Pace U. S. Nat. Herb. 22: 656. 1924.
Annual, stems simple at base and erect or often several with the outer somewhat decumbent,
ba ie ee aad above, 1-4 dm. high. Leaves nearly all broad, oblong or oblong-spatulate,
1.5-10 ing t
1 long, pinna “5 or the smaller often merely dentate, often bearing tufts of wool
the lower surface peciall the lobes; involucre narrowl camp ofe Oe : ad ; inner
phyllaries 4-5 mm. high, linear, acute or short-acuminate, with broad s mar gins, often
i h
purplish at least at the tip; ligules white or sometimes pale yellow, Seen: tinged — pink, 5-10
mm. long; achenes oblong-obovoid, entire at summit ; pappus-bristles all decidu
Dry slopes and rocky banks, Upper Son moran and Tranisien Zones; Coast Ranges from ad sdvott County to
poor ad Pinos, Ventura County. trattear nia and in the Sierra Nevada gs ses Concle to Mariposa County;
tern Nevada. Type locality: California. Collected by Doupite:: April-Oct.
8. Malacothrix sonchoides er. pan & Gray. Sow-thistle Malacothrix.
Leptoseris sonchoides Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. I hs 7: 439. 1841.
Malacothrix sonchoides Torr, gre & |. N. Amer. 2: 486. 1843.
Be make runcinata A. Nels. Bull. Tocca Club 26: 485. 1899,
ual witha single erect stem or with several stems and somewhat decumbent at base, eee
ing ork 1-5 dm. high, glabrous or essentially so. Leaves in a basal tuft, rather thick, 3-10 c
lon long i in outline, regularly pinnatifid, the lobes and teeth callous-tipped, lower — sir
few, similar to the basal, the uppermost reduced to small subulate bract cts; heads few to numerous,
short-pedunculate ; involucres s campanulate, 7-8 mm. high, the inner phyllaries tispise ielabitate ;
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 579
_ bright yellow, about 1 cm. hg achenes with 5 prominent ribs and 2 finer ones in the
rvals ; ibe fete all —
andy o avelly slopes and w vdesanh Zones; desert a of Inyo and San Bernardino Counties,
California, oe pt ramen oe Great a region to western Nebraska. Type locality: ‘“‘The plains of the Platte. a
pri
9. Malacothrix torreyiA. eey. amet Malacothrix. Fig. 6003.
Malacothrix torreyi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 9
Malacothrix sonchoides var. torreyi E. Williams, Anas wea Nat. 58: 5030 1957:
Annual, the stems simple below and erect or often branched at base and somewhat decumbent,
10-30 cm. high, herbage glabrous or usually spar quit puberulent with gland-t ipped hairs. Leaves
2-6 cm. long, pinnatifid, the lobes divergent or run hg lower wing-petioled, 3 ee
several to many, sessile or nearly bis with the lobes ent oothed ; heads ee pan ye gh seink
slender peduncles ; involcre 7- m. high, the phyllaries ahr e, 16-20; r ligu gai ges
ong; achenes about 4 m tee nen + DET keeled on the angles, aris ecun: sak
sistent pappus-bristles 2- 5, white, 6-7 mm. long.
Sandy or gravelly places, ae ‘Arid esac Zone; southeastern Oregon in Harney and Malheur Coun-
ties, east to Idaho and Utah, and south to Nevada. Type locality : Salt Lake City, Utah. May-July.
10. Malacothrix incana ( Nutt.) Torr. & Gray. Dune Malacothrix. Fig. 6004.
Malacomeris incanus Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 435, 1841.
Malacothrix incana Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 486. 1843
Perennial with a gi rather deep-seated root, ee whole plant more or less densely white-
woolly capectills when young, the stems branching from the root-crown, short and stout, forming
tufts or mats, or Sreiches elongate, 2-3 dm. long, iti decumbent. Leaves spatulate, entire or some
ating
\
5999
) 6000
6001.
6002. Malacothrix sonchoides
580 COMPOSITAE
what pinnatifid with a few broad lobes or teeth, 3-6 cm. long ait riers the winged petiole, 5-20 mm.
wide, those of the stems reduced; peduncles several t to many, bracteate; heads 15-30 mm. b road;
faetueres sis mm. high, attenuate a base; phyllaries in 4 or 5 5 eries, the upper linear-oblong.
acute, those on the = in base much reduced ; ligules lemon i achenes oblong, 15-striate ;
pappus- Take all deciduo
On o ogre dun he coast, Upper Sonoran Zone; Pismo, San Luis Obi ispo County, pee ag wo
to Carpinteria a hig adleets dnlands off the acon of Santa Ba rbara County. Type locality : age oa n the bay
at San Diego, California, bg not since collected in that region. April-Aug. Some collections offman tiem
Santa Rosa Island app var. succulenta.
alacothrix inc - a var. suce rinse (Elmer) E. Williams, Amer. 58: 506. 1957. (Malacothrix
ucculenta Elmer, Gaz. 39: 44. 1905.) Growth habit of the pal ‘ut yee os glabrous or the young
leaves sometimes AoA beneath. On dunes along the coast, southern San Lui s Obispo County (Oso Flaco Lake)
to Surf, Santa Barbara Connie, California, the type locality.
11. Malacothrix saxatilis (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray. Cliff Malacothrix. F ig. 6005.
Leucoseris saxatilis Nutt. Trans. sy Phil. = II. 7: 440. 1841.
Malacothrix saxatilis Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 486. 1843
Stems stout and fi ie erect or as mbent Sa a woody base, 3-7 dm. high, simple and very
leafy blow: branched and leaf above, glabrous or somewhat floccose at the leaf-axils. L
thickish an
Rus
o
>
it)
[nad
wn
co
a
QO
a
oO
=)
co
3
i)
i f
Loe 9
of
a2
ee 98
ie)
H. M. Hall, Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot 268. 1907. (Mala-
ly
ce eae Nicolas, San Miguel, Seite = pig an aay ee Islands off the coast of San’ erhar ra, Cali-
ocality: San Nicolas Island, Ventura County.
sects i a = tenuifdlia (Nutt.) A. Gray, Syn. FI. Amer. Pt ie 1884. rr lag tes
temuifola Nut, Trans. . Phil. Soc. II. 7: 440. 1841; Malacothrix fenuafoha & Gra . Amer.
2: 487. ae.” G ee eae: ipenissine unz, Man a lif. 591, 601. 1935.) Stems seve mt gt woody
root, isa 4 igh, often gion oa | glabrous or som t floccose ‘throughout; ss Eas agg pinnatifid, upper
stem-leaves reduced ste rie linear-filiform or ne parted into linear div fd ost evra
form. Hillsides and cany coastal gages from the Santa Maria Ri oer. SSant am Bar bare Con to
Orange County, Coliteruia, ‘and achlgeonage o the eastern border ced Los yetes County; ales Santa Cathlina
sland. Type locality: “St. Barbara, on the ies untains near the tow
Malacothrix saxatilis var. altissima dees Ferris. com = udley Herb. 5: 102. 1958. (Malacothrix
altissima Greene, Bull. Calif. ng 4: 1885.) Leafy-st aes plants is m. hi - typically giabrous
throughout; leaves thin, 8-20 c¢ ong, ifncauee and fecpiy Secale: lobed and also enticulate, the _upper-
most leaves ys to be catite, | See ate at apex, tapetiae at the hips oe Mountains , Kern er ok
westward to the unt Pinos re on, Ventura Poin A and the higher lopes o f the mountains in Santa Barbara
County Tiovic ca Mountains in Los Aserles Comnee: Type locality: near Tehachapi rd
tion, Kern County. Collected by Curran. Intergrading forms are to be found that show relationship with var.
gheein o while others speiich var. comm
othrix saxatilis var. arachno wort ‘(McG regor) E. Williams, Amer. Midl. Nat. 58: 509. 1957.
(Malecothete arachnoidea McGregor, Bull, Torrey Club 36: 605. fig. 3. 1909.) Densely leafy-stemmed plants
2 m. high; herbage persistently and densely arachnoid-tomentose throughout; leaves firm, em, long,
narrowed to a petiolar fae usually entire or marge imes denticulate, acute at apex; crown of the pee minutely
crenulate. Hill slopes; known only from Carmel Valle ey, Monterey County, ap ince the type localit
_.Malacothrix saxatalis var. commutata sess & Gray) Ferris, in Munz, Aliso 4: 100. 1958. (Hievactaos
californicum DC. Prod. 7: 235. 1838, not sta a califor ornicum DC, vl cit. 192; Sonchus californicus
pod a Arn. Bot . Beechey ope “se ae a 's californicus Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 441. 1841;
alac
commutata Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. eer 2: 487. 1843.) Raeely aeesy themenen plants 0.5-1m
high, glabrous “si spars ad hnoid-t out the leaf-bases, midveins, and lower stems; leaves firm
4-9 cm. ong, narrowed at the base, mostly ‘denticulate, so metimes schice. iF og “un lobed these much shorter than
the width the leaf, pot at apex; t ph Hobe paiesitely. crenulate. Salinas Valley, eastern Mead 2
the Santa Lucia Mountains in Mowers. on See fine tise Counties, and in a “onal Santa Barbara Cow
The collections upon w hick the names listed = x sed were made by Douglas ogee Soe his journey
from Monterey to Santa Barbara, an area wher M. pte’ J var. commutata commonly “The specimen
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 581
collected by Douglas deposited at Kew insecrate d on a sheet with one of Coulter’s collection) is of the inflorescence
only, but corresponds to this form rather than M. saratilis var. tenuifolia, This entity, with the related M. sara-
tis var. prucieiothes: is quite distinct 1 in typical — from M. savatilis var. altissima, but intergrading forms
e to be found at the southern extension of its ra
12. Malacothrix blairii (Munz & Jtn.) Munz. Blair’s Malacothrix. Fig. 6006.
Stephanomeria blairi Munz & Jtn. Bull. Torrey wie — 301. 1924,
Malacothrix blairi Munz, Man. S. Calif. 591, 601.
Coarse straggling shrub 1-2 high, acu aa fleshy, thinly brownish-tomentose, gla-
brate, scarred with persistent sabdigary subtending mall, brownish-tomentose bu Leaves ap-
a ere ri
u :
or oblong-obovate, 6-13 cm. long, 3-6 cm. wide, rounded or obtuse, cuneate at base, irregularly
sinuate- Sone ith 3-4 pairs of very blunt, unequal teeth, thin, light green, at first thinly tomen-
i 0. cm. c i an
gon. n
Be cahiray Seciticas. of about 25 white, minutely Lapis git bristles.
Known only sea the type soeelity, rocky canyon wall near Lemon , San Clemente Island, Los Angeles
County, California. Late summer
6003. Malacothrix tprreyi 6005. Mal. cothrix saxatilis
6004. Malacothrix icana :
he
582 COMPOSITAE
160. GLYPTOPLEURA D. C. Eaton, Bot. King Expl. 207. pl. 20, figs. 11-18.
1871
Low, tufted or matted, glabrous and somewhat fleshy, winter annuals with a deep tap-
root. Leaves with a broad midrib, pinnatifid, the margins white-crustaceous and prickl
toothed, often equaling or surpassing the flowers. Involucres cylindric, the phyllaries 7-12,
by cross ridges; apex of achenes constricted into a short cupped beak. Pappus bristles
i i i fer-
A genus of 2 known species of the arid d t regi f th th t United States. Type species, Glypto-
pleura marginata D. C. Eat
Ligules little exserted; margins of the calyculate bractlets lacerate-toothed at the apex, lacerate-fringed belo
. Gm een inata.
Ligules much surpassing the phyllaries; margins of calyculate bractlets lacerate-fringed at the dilated a entire
or nearly so below. . G. setulos
1. Glyptopleura marginata D. C. Eaton. — seed. Fig. 6007.
Glyptopl ginata D. C. Eaton, Bot. King Expl. 207. pi. 20, figs. 11-18. 1871
Glabrous, fleshy, densely flowered annual, much br rae ad and forming er ce ss 5-15
cm. in diameter. Leaves 14 cm. long, pinnatifid, oblanceolate to obovate, narrowed to broad flat-
tened see the lobes pee shed white-margined and pectinate ts toothed ; favolers iekalhy =.
dric, on short peduncles and usually not surpassing t pad he ves; inner phyilla aries linear and a
nate, 9-12 ong, roa “te eekvaicnts rgined; calyculate bractlets loosely ste rb
spatu ulate and pectina e at apex, the apex with broad petite bees - gee er — t deeply lacerate-
fringed; ligules aay little exserted, white turning pin achen mm. ong ; pappus
very soft and fine, longer than the achene, the inne F beistieg. Scgtly ‘artited z the bas
Dry sandy washes rd
east of the Sierra copa to oo Mojave feast California, and east through Nevada. Type tocality' Sandy
—— plain in Truckee Pass of the Virginia Moun ntains, in a cafion of the Trinity Mountains, and in Uni
le Valley, Nevada.” April-— & i
2. Glyptopleura setuldsa A. Gray. Large-flowered Carved-seed or Keyesia.
hep ej
Glyptopleura setulosa A. Gra r. Acad. 9:
Glyptopleura marginata var. pelea Baa Man. FI. ej eas 1008. 1925.
Low, depressed, densely flowered annual closely resembling the ape ing species in general
habit. ty hae es "Tike thos e of ‘the prece edink speci, the white-crustaceous margin usually narrower ;
ai Sopabeee =o al ate, scarious-margined; calyculate hsgaige wit the white margins at
x pectinately discested into slender teeth as long as the widt e green, Stine, a tip;
ligules ay at ted, 1 mm. long, twice as long as t aos invouere, cream-colored or yellowish,
aging pink; achenes and pappus similar to prec senditie spec
andy oa flats, Lower Sonoran poe western and northern 2s Desert in southern Kern County and
in Inyo County, California, eastward to northwestern Arizona and southwestern Utah. Type locality: near
St. George, Utah. April-J
161. CALYCOSERIS A. Gray, Smiths. Contr. 5°: 104. pl. 14. 1853.
Annuals branching from the base, glabrous and glaucescent below, glandular with tack-
shaped glands above. Leaves pinnately parted into linear divisions. Ligules showy, in
rather ee heads terminating the branches. Phyllaries linear, scarious-margined, much
narrowed above into a short beak tipped by a shallow denticulate crown. Pappus-bristles
white and copious, all united at base and falling away in a ring. [Name from Greek mean-
ing cup, alluding to the shallow cup at the summit of the achene, and serts, chicory.
A genus of 2 species, inhabiting southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico. Type species, Calycoser is
wright A. Gray.
Lanes 5 “en, purplish-veined; ribs of achenes more or less tuberculate; tack-shaped glands pale bags ish pol or agi
ceaa mene ; ribs of achenes smooth; tack-shaped glands blackish-purple-tipped. 2. C. parryt.
1. Calycoseris wrightii A. Gray. White Tack-stem. Fig. 6009.
Calycoseris wrightit A. Gray, Smiths. Contr. oy a. pl. 14. 1853.
Calycoseris wrightti var. californica Brandg. 155;..19
Stems several from the base or cay nears erect or ascending, simple or usually branching,
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 583
1-5 dm. high, pat green and glaucous or sometimes rose-colored below, glandular above with light
ethos hier -shaped glands. Leaves basal and cauline, the lower 6-15 cm. long, pinnately divided
into remote, linear or almost filiform and divergent segments, the uppermost reduced and bract-
like; te campanulate, 10-12 mm. hi a phyllaries 12-18, ascending, linear-lanceolate,
i i wish, tack-shaped
minate tips more or less recurved; ligules 2-3 cm. long, white with rose-colored veins on the back
extending down the tube from the rather prominent, attenuate teeth; achene shoe rk brown, tuber-
culate on the eg 6 mm. long oe the beak; pappus-bristles mm. “a
Desert hillsides, Lower Sonoran Zone; Shoshone and Death Valley regio nd Inyo County south
along A western dues of the Colorado Desert of prac at California east to southern Utah rong Texas, and in
northern Sonora. Type locality: ‘‘Stony hills around El Paso,’’ Texas. March—-May
2. Calycoseris parryi A. Gray. Yellow Tack-stem. Fig. 6010.
Cal is p i A. Gray in Torr. Bot. Mex. Bound. 106. 1859.
Stems several from the base, erect or ascending, simple or branching above, 6-30 cm. high,
glandular above with tack-shaped, blackish-purple glands. Basal leaves more or less sthiicone
ivi i nar line and
fro e nar ear
glands; phyllaries 10-13 mm. long, linear, rather ae attenuate at apex, broadly s ait
margined, greenish dorsally or more or less purplish at the tip; calyculate bractlets few, 2-4 m
long, scarious ; ligules showy, 1.5-2 cm. long, yellow; rachis light brown or gray with smadoth
ribs.
Usually in sandy soils, Upper and (mainly) Lower Sonoran Zones; desert regions from vatgh County, Cali-
fornia, and adjacent Nevada, south through the Mojave and Colorado Deserts to northern Lower California and
east to southern Utah and Fein Seon locality: Reported as “Mountains east of Monterey, California’; but
probably not from that locality. Collected by Parry. March—June
584 COMPOSITAE
162. ANISOCOMA Torr. & Gray, Bost. Journ. Nat. Hist. 5: 111. 1845.
Annual herbs with basal leaves toothed or pinnately parted and several monocephalous
scapes. Involucre cylindric, the phyllaries with broad scarious margins, the outer short,
broad and obtuse, the inner linear and acutish. Receptacle flat, the chaffy bracts linear-
filiform and scarious. Ligules pale yellow. Achenes terete, linear-turbinate, 10—-15-nerved,
the truncate apex with a narrow cup-like rim within whi ch is inserted 10-12 long, white,
plumose pappus-bristles. [Name Greek, meaning unequal and a tuft of hair, in reference
to the pappus
A monotypic genus of the desert regions of southwestern United States.
ie ES: acaulis Torr. & Gray. Anisocoma or Scale-bud. Fig. 6011.
Torr. & Gray, Bost. Journ. — Hist. 5< 114, #. on figs. 7-11. 1845.
esis hae runcinatus Kell. Peer: Calif. Acad. 3: 21. fig.
winter annual with a rather a seated taproo ee in a rather dense basal rosette,
pinnatifid, 2-7 cm. long, 3-10 mm. wide, the later Shee poeacadie and woolly-tomentose beneath,
plants otherwise Rianeoe us ; scapes usually several to many, 5-25 cm. high, glabrous and bract tless :
Se € Lan3.c mag, the phyllaries often margined with reddish brown, the outer short and
peas the EE aetinont elongated and oblong-linear ; ligules conspicuous aed ale yellow
Sandy desert washes, Sonoran Zones; Tehachapi Mountains ene east of the Sierra ati in ide County
and ara Nevada south in the desert regions to no n Lower California and northwestern Arizona. Type
locality: not indicated. April—July.
163. ATRICHOSERIS A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1°: 410. 1884.
Annual herb with a branched stem, glabrous throughout. Leaves in a basal tuft, cuneate
or obovate, spinulose-denticulate. Stem-leaves reduced to small foliaceous bracts. Stems
solitary, slender-branched above. Heads in a cymose panicle on slender peduncles. Phyl-
laries scarious, lanceolate, about 15, with a few small ones at base. Receptacle scrobiculate.
Ligules white or pinkish. Achenes oblong, corky-ribbed, without pappus. [Name Greek,
meaning without hair, and seris, a name applied to chicory. ]
A monotypic genus.
1. Atrichoseris platyphylla A. ay. Tobacco-weed or Parachute Plant.
Fig. 6012.
tncotheks: We — Proc. Amer. Acad. - 214. 1874.
ray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 17: 410. 1884.
sail a pasteee: and somewhat glaucous, the stems solitary, erect, cymosely
branched above , 3-7 dm. high. Leaves basal, wide-spreading and usually flat on the ground, ob-
long-obovate or oblong- set be olate, 3-10 cm. long, 2-5 cm. wide, narrowed at base A a usually
u
a
about 6 mm. long, ovate-lanceolate, with broad scarious margins; corollas white or pinkish, the
— te 10-15 mm. long, prominently toothed at apex; achenes white or stramineous, 4 mm.
sy
my oe ashes, Lower Sonoran Zone; Mojave and Colorado Deserts of California. Inyo County to
Im Sucre oer y, California. and crear eee evee, east to southwestern Utah and western Arizona. Type locality:
near Fort Mohave, Arizona. Collected by Coope Feb. —May. :
164. TRAGOPOGON [Tourn.] L. Sp. Pl. 789. 1753.
labrous biennial or “shaded perennial herbs with ions taproots. Leaves entire, grass-
stems
like, with conspicuous nerves, clasping at base. Peduncles terminating the long,
stout, often thickened and fistulous ; ptoliacce | in 1 series. Heads yellow- or purple-flow-
early morning, usually closed by n Receptacles without bracts
Achenes fusiform, long-beaked or the outer beakless, 5—10-rib . Pappus a St row of
long, plumo: se bristles cuneate at the base. { Name Greek, meaning goat’s-
enus of about 35 species, all natives of the Old World. Type species, Tragopogon packet Er
hie scarcely inflated even in trait; outer Higules equaling the phyllaries. 1. T. pratensis.
phy 11
Ligules uae to deep Siclet: urple; atly 3 8-9. 2. T. por is age
Ligules pale yellow; phyllaries wea 13; 3. T. dub
i = eeeere Peaioeie te Meadow Salsify. Fig. 6013.
Tragop pratensis L. Sp. Pl. 789. 17
Stems from a hpi usually ani rather slender, 4-10 dm. high. Leaves keeled from
the more or less clasping base to a long-acuminate, usually recurved tip, the margins concave and
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 585
— below the heads even in fruit; phyllaries 8 or 9, rarely 13, broadly va teh gat acuminate,
shor than or rarely slightly exc ceeding the chrome- -yellow ligules ; marginal achenes striate,
ends or r pacagenri usually dark brown, the inner paler, 20-25 mm. long, Seely tapering to
the beak; Papp
Fields and w aii » Sparingly adven in western Washington and Oregon to Shasta County, Cali-
fornia, and more hy deel eo east of 4 Coctade seh Pll hag seberialis in Uni ion an og Wallowa y sense vey Oregon;
also northern Arizona. Widely distributed in Canada and eastern United States. Native of Europe. June—Sept.
2. Tragopogon porrifolius L. Salsify or Oyster Plant. Fig. 6014.
pape evince Sp, PI. 789. ‘1753.
mple from a — aproot, 5-12 dm. high. Leaves tapering uniformly to the apex,
dilated and ‘chaping at base; peduncles much inflated and hollow from 2.5~4 cm. below the heads S"
phyllaries 8-9, rarely 12, dir nia te, pyar usually much longer than the outer ligules ;
fenles Ail chee about 3-4 m m. long, the outer ones covered with scale-like tubercles, espe-
cially on the ribs, the beak ene longer seat the body and abruptly narrowed; plumose branche Ss
of the —— -bristles ee erage t-
Naturalized as a weed in the Pacific Sas a eS less frequently, eastward across the continent. Native
of the Old World. en Nov
6011. Anisocoma acaulis ae Tragopogon pr:
6012. Atrichoseris platyphylla . Tragopogon pera
586 COMPOSITAE
a. Ee a dubius Scop. Yellow Salsify. Fig. 6015.
Jregepogen dubius Scop. FI. Carn. ed..2. 2: 95.. 1772.
Jacq. FI. hae Belect. Icones 1: 19. pl. 29. 1773.
“Stet ee om a taproot, 4-8 dm. high, rather bushy, the branches from near the base. Leaves
linear- scaliontate: 12-15 cm. long, tapering bition from base to apex, racner floccose when young,
oming glabrous and glaucous; heads many- “fbw ered, the peduncle much inflated below the
involucre ; phyllaries about 13, about 33 mm. gre ng, aes ceolate to linear- a 5 parents ligules
pale yellow, shorter than the pha tlaties achenes slender, 25-36 mm. long incl udin the bea k, the
dy gra eral narrowed to the beak, the outer achenes pale eae the omer i and straw-
colored; pappus whitish.
In fields snd waste places in southeastern Washington and adjacent Idaho and occurring sporadically —
ward; also eastward to Kviiets and Texas. It has been collected in Siskiyou, Santa Clara, and San Bernardin
Counties, California, Native of Europe. May—Sept.
The recent work on natural hybridization and amphiploidy in Tragopogon (Amer. Journ. Bot. 37: 487-499.
1950.) Marion Ownbey demonstrates the eee Pf two new amphiploids which oy cya ber —
hybridization in southeastern Washington and agg col Idaho, where all three previously kno
The amphiploids are Tragopo “ : mirus Ownbey, Am ourn. Bot, mils 497. 1950 (T. Pe 3th x P crriine
and 7. miscellus Ownbey, op. . 498, escced from T. pS te xX pratenst.
165. SCORZONERA L. Sp. Pl. 790. 1753.
Perennial, rarely annual, herbs. Leaves alternate, usually entire, often grass-like, some-
times pinnately obed or dissected. Flowering heads on long peduncles, yellow, rose, or lilac.
nvo. i i in
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branches slender. Achenes linear, subterete, many-nerved. Pappus-bristles in more than
series, unequal, serrulate or more or less plumose. [From the old French, meaning
serpent.
A genus of about 120 species, natives of the Old World. Type species, Scorzonera humilis L.
? aoe hispanica L. Black Salsify. Fig. 6016.
Scorzonera hispanica L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2.1112. 1763.
Scorzonera glatifolia Willd. = Pl, 3: 1499. 1804.
Branching perennial 6-10 dm. high from a fleshy, black- ya tanrtet, the herbage woolly-
idee cae to nearly glabrous. Le eave s oblong to lanceolate or linear, the margin entire, undulate,
tapering below to a Rosy loris ae the stem-leaves few, much re eds ced above; peers poser i
the ends of the branches, the peduncles 15-30 cm. long; involucre urceolate in flow 2.
long, the ligules yellow; phyllaries few, rs geod d-seriate, hie -acum “id somewhat olly ee
em ag e the inner; slender, many
rved, of the ou Y fener’. “ge tied eebertubste: aaaceal bristles | ae cuca length, 1 cm.
long or Seng ihidiase oe soft hai
A native of southern and central se which has become established on roadsides and waste places in Napa
and Mendocino Counties, California. June-July. Viper’s Grass.
166. HYPOCHOERIS L. Sp. Pl. 810. 1753.
aceo
cts! to linear, ge constricted above or the outer truncate. koure? * of a peek
i me
1
of "Theophr astus for mber of this t
About 50 species, natives sigs ok the Ee tote R Region, Asia, and South America. Type species,
Hypochoeris glabra L.
Annual; heads 4-6 mm. broad; t , not beaked LH: glabra.
Perennial; heads 20-40 mm. broad; achenes all beaked. 2. H. radicata.
1. Hypochoeris glabra L. Smooth Cat’s-ear. Fig. 6017.
Hypochoeris glabra L. Sp. Pl. 811. 1753.
l,
mple or often bocyuntiiat sely Srasiched: 1-4 dm. high, giabed ous, bracteate especia ally at
the | base oF the branches. Leaves spreading on the ground, denticulate to pinnatifid, “oblanceolate to
oblong-oblanceolate, 2. s etimes cili ar
panulat, 10-16 mm. long; ligules scarcely exceeding the phyllaries; achenes dark brown, the
ermost beakless, the wars with slender beaks as lo ong as the body; pappus 1 cm. long.
a Cale on roadsides, fields, and waste places, Son d Transition Zones; Washington, Oregon, and
California, also eastern United States and Canada. Waties. = the Old World. March- Sept.
2. Hypochoeris radicata L. Hairy or Long-rooted Cat’s-ear. Fig. 6018.
Hypochoerts radicata L. Sp. Pl. 811. 1753.
Perennial ; stems several, slender, 3-8 dm. high, branched or rarely simple, bracteate. Leaves
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 587
basal and spreading on the ground, oblanceolate to obovate, pinnatifid to dentate, 5-30 cm. long,
hirsute; involucre oblong-cylindric, 2-2.5 cm. long; ligules usually well exceeding the avtiotas
achenes bro own, all with slender beaks as long as "the get sein plumos
Roadsides, waste places, and pasture land, Sono tion Zones; ‘ideal weed throughout the
Pacific States and across the Continent. Native of the. Old. World. ke il—-Nov.
167. HEDYPNOIS [Tourn.] Mill. Gard. Dict. abr. ed. 4. 1754.
ual herbs with branched stems and yellow flowers. Phyllaries in 1 series, narrow
short scales or sometimes absent, the inner of bristles dilated toward the base. [ Name given
by fits toa kind of endive.
cies, natives of the Mediterranean Region and the Canary Islands. Type species, Hedypnois
aoe; Mill. gh ihc hedypnois i, 1753).
WIG,
Vs
6015. Tragopogon dubius 6017. Hypochoeris esa
6016. Scorzonera hispanica 6018. Hypochoeris radi
588 COMPOSITAE
1. Hedypnois crética (L.) Willd. Crete Hedypnois. Fig. 6019.
ad goes nies. L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2. 1139. 1763.
eticus All. Fl. Ped. 1: 226. 1785.
a see cretica Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1617. 1804.
Stems simple or usually branched from the base, 1-3 dm. long, hispidulous, the hairs simple or
‘ciinaaby rp the tip. Basal leaves oblanceolate, tapering to a winged petiole, entire or sparsely
m bed, 2-10 cm. | idulous ;
denticulate or someti ie ong, mm. wide, Seerdal hispi id peduncles
erate solitary, or on more branched stems; involucre 8-10 m igh, enlarged in fruit, his-
ulous peat ne ete on the margins; achenes appressed- scabrous on the ribs; pappus-
Locally natural ayo dry interior valleys of the Inner pe igo and the Sierra Nevada foothills west to =
coast ied south to San Dieys, California. Native of Eurasia and originally described from Crete. March—May
168. PICRIS L. Sp. Pl. 792. 1753.
large, a or paniculate heads of rail flowe volucre c ate or cupulate,
its inner phyllaries in 1 series, nearly equal and erect, its exterior ones in 2-3 series, small
r large and spreading. Receptacle flat, short-fimbrillate. Rays truncate and 5-toot t
apex. Anthers sagittate at the base. Style-branches slender. Achenes linear or oblong,
slightly curved, terete or angled, 5—-10-ribbed and transversely alpen narrowed at the
ase and apex, or beaked in some species. [Name Greek, meaning
About 35 species, natives of the Old World, or one species possibly sl i in Alaska. Type species,
Picris pairs Re Ary i
1. Picris echioides L. Bristly Ox-tongue. Fig. 6020.
Picris renee wp, PE 792: 1753;
au ial with branched hispid stems 5-12 dm. high. Leaves beset with coarse, barbed, usually
pustulate- based cass ae basal and lower leaves spatulate or oblong, obtuse, ro mage dentate,
5-15 cm. lon: i
th
late, the uppermost ese e and entire; heads many, usually rather crowded, sheet is tees d,
about 1. oad ; outer obyilaries of ein in oo 4 or Ba by sowie subcordate, hispid-ciliate ;
inner pistlevies tanckata thin and tipped swith, a prickly
A native of Europe, naturalized in waste places, sieaahe eae roan hag distributed but most
common in central and pethers: California; also Michigan east to the Atlantic seaboard. May—Nov
169. LEONTODON L. Sp. Pl. 798. 1753.
Annual or eee herbs with heads borne on simple or branched, naked or scaly-
bracted scapes. Leaves in a basal rosette, entire, toothed, or pinnatifid. Heads many-
ime
pappus of the marginal flowers often of scarious paleae only. [From the Greek words
meaning lion and tooth, in allusion to the toothed leaves. ]
enus of a 45 species, natives of Europe, western and I Asia, and northern Africa. Type species,
teteee hispidus
1. Leontodon léysseri wet) G. = Hairy Hawkbit. Fig. 6021.
Crepis nudicaulis L. Sp. Pl. 805. ee (N
Leontodon hirtum of authors, not t. ed. 10.1194. 17 59.
oseris taraxacoides Vill. Prosp PI aa ee
Thrincia hispida Roth, C B
822.
Leontodon nudicaulis erat. Ann. Sci. Nat. 22: 109. 1831.
Loontetes eatbie Ball, Journ. — — 16: +. 1878.
Leon Beck, Fl d-Oesterr. 22: 1312. 1893.
yon nudicaulis subsp. nits Schinz & Theil, Bull. — =e II. 7: 389. 1907.
Leontodon nudi, Thell. |
Scapose perennial with fibrous roots and short ars Leaves many in a basal rosette, 5-15 cm
long, narrowly oblanceolate, tapering to a etiolitcras base, midvein prominent, sometimes nearly
entire, more often shallo oothed to runcinate-pinnatifid, with hirsute sprea t ence ;
heads solitary, the s scapes several to many, 10-35 cm. jong, n ve, spreading-hirsute
toward the base; involucre 6-10 mm. long, the inner phyllaries subequal, lanceolate, gla = ta ad
—— usually medially darkened, the ites reduced to small calyculate eee achenes
long, fusiform, more or less sho srtly beaked above, striate, the striae muricate, pappus of the
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 589
marginal flowers usually reduced to short eae scales, that of the inner of plumose bristles,
exceeding the achene in length and flattened below to a scarious base.
A European soe of lawns, waste places, and roads ifs from pe Columbia west of the Cascade Moun-
tains south to central California; eae intron I in eastern United Stat
Because of the oe created by efforts to assign a precise por he of the basonym Crepis nudi-
caulis, authors using the ne Prahor me available name here followed.
Leontodon sueuaahine Le Spe, 798. “F753: Differs from L. leysseri in having the a ce of sev-
eral heads, the peduncles sealy-bracted and_enlarged below the head, and the onppas ner and outer
flowers a single row of plumose bristles. A European weed rather commonly distributed in the case but otha in
pos a og ‘eregy be from a single collection: % in Bellingham, Washington (Blake, Leaflets West, Bot. 7: 285-86. 1955)
so from
170. SONCHUS [Tourn.] L. Sp. Pl. 793. 1753.
Annual, biennial or ere rather fleshy coarse herbs with a mostly auricu-
late-clasping, enti natifid, prickly-margined leaves. Inflorescence corymbose,
paniculate, or ser af ie heads yellow-flowered. Involucre in sea coming thick-
ened and indurated at base in age, the phyllaries somewhat peri cis = thin tips reflexed
in age, subtended by calyculate bractlets. Receptacle flattened, . Achenes obcom-
pressed, ribbed or striate, often rugose, truncate at apex. Pappus much surpassing the
achene in length, of copious, soft, capillary bristles ptecnac at rie. hase and falling away
ina ring. |The Greek name for the sow-thistle. ]
An Old World genus of about 45 species. Type species, Sonchus oleraceus L.
Hedypnois cretica 6021. Leontodon leysseri
a4 Picris echioides arvensis
590 COMPOSITAE
Perennial with deep vertical root and horizontal creeping root-branches; flowering-heads 4-5 oe broad.
arvensis.
Ber Ae or rage al; ee ng-heads less than 4-5 cm. broad.
Au s of the leaves acute; achenes striate, agantagai! wrinkled.
ome blades serra ead r with lobes 0.5—3 cm. wide; achenes about as broad as thick. 2. S. oler
Leaf- yer s pinnately parted with narrow me mostly less than 0.5 cm. wide; achenes ya Bees. slightly =
k
ag of the — rounded; achenes usually conspicuously 3-nerved, smooth or ness A, pt ae
4 Sper
1. Sonchus arvénsis L. Perennial Sow-thistle. Fig. 6022.
Sonchus arvensis L. Sp. Pl. 793. 1753.
Perennial with c reeping rootstocks ; stems nth dm. high, glabrous below, Seal tre mabe
bristly above, pi ae the pedun cles. Lea s 3-10 cm. lon ng, runcinate — ee d or sometim
merely dentic ulate, the margins a, -denticuate, the lower narrowed t Sasa! petioles the
upper sensiie, — ulate- aos at base and rounded; inflor ce seeiitelah es mbose or even
subumbelliferous ; involucres 14-20 m me nine the chelated shins ate at apex, cinahieslae-liintly
as are also the Stduiihens ligules scieht: orange- -yellow, the heads up to 3-5 cm. broad at ant si
achenes cs 8-10 mn “ong ned, 2 2.5-3.5 mm. long, usually 5-ribbed on each face, yale tie rugose
papp ng.
ralized fro rope but not common in the Fecite ote Puget Sound ar d Whitman County, Wash-
ing Mths Ppa Sing and west = the Cascade Mou n Willa eats Valles: occurring sporadically in Cali-
forma whoa it has been collected at a few scattered pager throughout the state. April—July.
us arvensis var. poms Guenth. Graeb. & Wim , Enum. Stirp. Phan. Siles. 127. 24. (Son
chus A nm nosus Bieb. Taur. Cauc. 2: 238.. 1808.) Resemblin ng ome i arvensis var. arvensis in habit and variability
of ave: “son lacking the ‘glandula ar bristles on involucre and peduncles of that taxon, tle a pbmrioe! are often m
ale. uropean weed more common in north — = northeastern United States, and occ ng sporadi cally
in the Pacific States as a weed but less common n S. arvensis var. pieeasis
2. Sonchus oleraceus L. Common Sow-thistle. Fig. 6023.
Sonchus oleraceus L. Sp. Pl. 794. 1753.
Plants usually stoutish, 5-10 dm. high, sparingly leafy, glabrous or with a = glandular hairs
on the peduncles and involuc cres, oiten glaucescent. Leaves variable in shape, ovoid or narrower,
si rari or runc a -pinnatifid, toothed but not prickly-margined, amplexicaul, ine hacen straight
and the lobes acute; —s yellow; achenes about 2 mm. long, striate -nerved, Be ae trans-
banal rugose- Seabee s on nerves and intervals, not strongly flattened on the
mmon —~ pes roadside weed throughout the Pacific States and across the continent. Matte of Europe
SpringsAnteane
3. Sonchus tenérrimus L. Slender Sow-thistle. Fig. 6024.
Sonchus tenerrimus L. Sp. Pl. 794. 1753.
Sonchus tenuifolius Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 438. 1841.
Plants rather slender, leafy-stemmed to the inflorescence, glabrous, 3-8 dm. high. Leaves ob-
long in stad eg deeply divided into several pairs of aie Spreading lobes, hee entire or denticu-
ate, the au ricles narrow, lanceolate to ovate, sometim uate ; Pate it cea — rt corymb,
mostly with few heads ; " phyitairies “sergbinngee age 81: fica site thic a ietow age; ligules
yellow; achenes narrowly ovoid, 2. mm. long, = little eae longitudiealty striate and
finely and distinctly rugose on both s striae ary intervals.
Introduced from Europe, sandy and rocky soil; Aapecas oso the Channel _—, Santa Barbara County,
south e western San Diego County, California, s outh to Lower California. March— Jun
4. Sonchus asper (L.) Hill. Prickly Sow-thistle. Fig. 6025.
Sonchus oleraceus var. asper L. Sp. Pl. 794. 1753.
Sonchus asper Hill, Sebastian Brit. 1: 47. 1769
Similar to Sonchus oleraceus but stems usually movies. ferdat ed angled, and more leafy.
Leaves undivided, lobed or sometimes pinnatifid, the margin nulose-dentate or spinulose-den-
ticulate, the low wer and basal obovate to spatulate and petioled, t the. upper oblong or lanceolate and
clasping by an auriculate base, the auricles helicoid and appressed to the stem, the lobes ype
ligules jonas achenes 2.5-3 mm. long, st ronely usually 3-ribbed on each face, not at all t
versely rugose, the this, sine like a corte rrulate.
A fairly common field and roadside weed in the ech States and also across the continent. Naturalized from
Europe. June—Nov
171. LACTUCA [Tourn.] L. Sp. Pl. 795. 1753.
Leafy-stemmed annual or perennial herbs, glabrous or nearly so. Leaves linear and
entire to broader and pinnatifid. Heads 5-56-flowered ; ligules yellow or blue, in small or
medium-sized, paniculate heads. Involucre cylindrical, the phyllaries usually imbricated
in several series. Receptacle flat, naked. Ligules truncate, 5-toothed at the apex enes
oval, oblong, or linear, flattened, ribbed on each face, abruptly or gradually beaked. Pappu
ious, of soft capillary bristles. [The ancient Latin name, from lac, milk, referring to
the milky juice.]
SUNFLOWER FAMILY
A genus of about 50 or more species, natives of the northern hemisphere. Type species, — sativa L.
baat common garden lettuce is Seeulonkity’ collected in waste places but apparently does not become estab-
lished
591
Aemeal: or biennial; ligttles not long-exserted, shades of yellow (bluish in L. biennis and forms of L. /udoviciana).
1-nerved on each side.
Frviting involucres nS as m. high; pappus 5—7 mm. long. 1. L. canadensis.
Rubehnetaat Subtaapeats3 re 22 arp aigre baie 7-12 mm. long. 2. ha pareminted
Achenes with a long filiform beak as long as or longer than the achene.
es black, conspicuously eae ne 3. L. virosa.
chenes gray or brownish, no
Inflorescence broadly paniculate rig peste ap branches; stem-leaves bine to elliptic in outline
Infl picif P lat 1 tly linear- EN Rg —
5. L. saligna.
Achenes with a short —- sates ageen than the achene or beakless
Pappus tawny; ligules 15-35, white or bluish (in ours) 6. L. biennis.
Repose demic gules -e yellow.
7. L. muralis.
Perennial wit ; ligules long-exserted and showy, blue or bluish purple.
8. L. tartarica pulchella.
6023. Sonchus oleraceus 6025. us asper
6024. Sonchus tenerrimus 6026. Lactuca canadensis
592 COMPOSITAE
1. Lactuca canadénsis L. Trumpet Fireweed. Fig. 6026.
Lactuca canadensis L. Sp. Pl. 796. 1753.
Lactuca elongata Muhl. ex. Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1525. 1804.
Lactuca pase Rydb. Bull. Torrey Club 38: 23. 1911.
Stout, weedy, simple-stemmed annual or _ 3-25 dm. high, glabrous or sometimes beri
coarse ain hairs. Leaves entire, toothed, or deeply pinnately lobed, sagittate and often nar-
rowed at base, 10-35 cm. long; panicle elongate , spreading, the peduncles —— heads 13- "2.
flowered with yellow ligules ; fruiting Pe i usua — 10-15 mm. high, t phyllaries i in 4 or
series ; achenes black, obovate, flat, transversely rugose with 1 prominent peeoe on eac = the
beak about one-half as long ‘to equal the body of the sat di ndnc white, 7-10 mm. lon
Fields and_woodland, introduced from the eastern United States, occurring ieee in adinder | in Wal-
lowa County, Oregon, and in Siskiyou, Shasta, Plumas, and Amador Counties, California; also Idaho. Type
locality: Canada. July y_Sept.
A taxon quite variable as to leaf-shape and many named forms have been described. Both the entire-leaved
and pinnatifid-leaved forms are found in the Pacific States.
a ett ludoviciana (Nutt.) DC. Western Lettuce. Fig. 6027.
Sonchus ludovici Nutt. Gen. 2: 125. 1818.
Lactuca ludoviciana DC. oer 7: 141. 1838.
Lactuca campestris anata Pittonia 4: 37. 1899.
Biennial, t ms leafy the inflorescence, pahiculately bce attr above, 6-20 dm. high.
Leaves a clasping yp uaaddienaeulats sinuate-lobed or pinnatifid with spinulose eee
— setos sores id on the midrib, otherwise gla a direcahant: heads numerous re |
pen pa tet hele pedirictos bes, er fruiting involucre 15-22 mm. high, cyclindric or pote
evi ndric, a These: s, the phyllaries in 4 or 5 series and peg Mes shorter and broader ; ligules
yellow ; achenes oval to obov te "i ms ttled with gray or i k, transversely rugose, 1-ribbe
on each fac e, beak about equaling the “at dilated below ; white.
SENS introduced sa ae visas arene Klickitat County, Washington, Wallowa County, Oregon; Shasta
semety ig be ia, and vic of San ardino, southern California. Type locality: ‘‘Fort Mandan on the
3. Lactuca virdsa L. Wild Lettuce. Fig. 6028.
Lactuca virosa L. Sp. Pl. 795. 1753.
Biennial, the stems stout, often 6-8 dm. high. Leaves ample, broadly obovate, 6-15 cm. long,
strongly rae sharply dentate or sometimes. divided, glabrous, the midvein often prickly on the
dorsal side ; Lees Borns often 30 cm. long and 15-20 cm. broa d; heads 6-12-flowered, yellow
Grohe s 10-12 m. high; ac a hee i long, n acronis obovate, black, 4-5-ribbed P gored
the thickened w sommes margin, cnuicasy spinulose a apex ; beak slender, ‘about equaling the
of the pe ee ; pappus whi
Seams lly on satan or yerey: shaded slopes; a European weed rather sparingly introduced in the San Francisco
Bay region, " Californ . June
4. Lactuca serridla L. Prickly Lettuce. Fig. 6029.
Lactuca serriola L. Cent. Pl. 2: 29. 1756; Amoen. Acad. 4: 328. 1759.
Lactuca scariola L. Sp. Pl. ed. 2.1119. 1763.
Biennial, the stems leafy, ey soem branched above, 5-20 dm. high, glabrous throughout o
prickly-hispid below, pale green or s colored. Leaves oblong or Ree cee Scions ae
ing, lobed or pinnatifid, the tow 2 : i the upper much re : a5 ulose-hispid on t
ag “ea
midrib and margins, otherwise glabrous or more or less hispid; heads s in : usually large,
seh panicle, 6-12- flow ate Scales ier sonal subcylindric or i Te conical, 12-16 mm.
high, the phyllaries ee oiaste 4 i pigraegae in about 4 series, linear-lanceolate ; ieee obovate-
oblong, about equaled by the slender beak; pappus white
Be ids and waste places; a common weed in the Pacific States, ‘eo generously distributed in the United States.
Native of Europe. Pe ns Ph ft.
The plant with the leaves simple instead of lobed or divided has been recognized as a form (L. serriola var.
integrata Gren. & Godr. Fl. France 2: 320. 1850).
5. Lactuca saligna L. Willow Lettuce. Fig. 6030.
Lactuca saligna L. Sp. Pl. 796. 1753.
Annual, glabrous throughout, the stems usually several from a rather stout taproot, dec
. high. v e
, 3-7 Leaves pale green, narrowly linear-lanceolate, attenuate at a sagit-
tate-clasping at base, en sometimes thed or f sn to : 8-10-flowered, yellow, in
rrow spicate panicles with short pe cedis branches volucres narrowly cylindric, 1 se
long ; achenes light brown, 3 mm. long, oblo Sie Caned os rather abruptly attenuate at a
ribs 5-7 on each, a ‘spiculate near the apex, the beak slender, 5-6 mm. long; pappus- eae
et — as long s the beak.
Ae Aue wee ig has become well established in many places throughout California and has also been
found in Dour and Marion Counties, Oregon; also eastward to the Atlantic seaboard. Type locality: Europe.
6. Lactuca biénnis (Moench) Fernald. Tall Blue Lettuce. Fig. 6031.
Sonchus biennis Moench, Meth. 545. 1794.
Sonchus racemosus Lam. Encycl. 3: 400. 1789. Not Lact osa Willd. 1804.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 593
Sonchus leucophaeus Willd. Sp. ™ 3:3:1520.
Lactuca — a Hit yet in Britt. & ile 7; Fl. 3: 276. 1898, as to plant described; not as to basic type
Sonch Peeteanes
Lactuca biennis “iakrg ‘Bocioce 42: 300. 1940.
Biennial, glabrous throughout, the stems simple, stout, erect, 1 -3.5 m. high, leafy. Leaves pin-
nati id o or ru poor irregularly i sharply dentate, the upper auric culate-clasp ping at base, 15-30
hea d 1 d
cm. long; heads in an elongated, many-flowered panicle, ligules little-exserted, cream- colored to
bhaish Eblgercs 9-14 mm. high, siege constricted above, the phyllaries pe pena at tip;
achenes 4 mm. long, mm. broad, narrowly winged on the margins, 3-ribbed on each side, gpa
ome
with different ah of brown, narrowed at apex to a very short beak; pappus tawny, o
times tinged with purple.
Wet grassy aa in rich soils, Transition and Canadian Zones; nee British tapers and Olympic Mou
tains, Wace a, to Humboldt Ff eatpeget California, and east a s Washing and Orego: on to the caiters
United States and Can da. Type locality: not indicated. Fude-Ades
6027. Lactuca ludoviciana 6029. Lactuca serriola
6028. Lactuca virosa 6030. Lactuca saligna
594 COMPOSITAE
7. Lactuca muralis (L.) Fresen. Wall Lettuce. Fig. 6032.
Prenanthes muralis L. Sp. Pl. 797.
Cicerbita muralis Wallr. Sched. Crit. 436. 22,
Mycelis muralis Reichb. Fl. Germ. Excurs. a 1830-32,
Lactuca muralis Fresen. Taschenb. 484. 18
Slender yan annual or kere stems simple, 4-9 dm. high. Lower stem-leaves thin and
often vagelich: lyrate- or runcinate-pinnatifid, narrowed below and auriculate-clasping, the ter-
minal segment broad and angularly lobed, up to 18 cm. long, the upper stem-leaves few, much re-
duced; sessile and as eee Byrn ited: inflorescence a divaricately branched panicle; involucres
narrowly cylindric, 9-11 high, 5-flowered, the ligules yellow; phyllaries in 2 series, the
inner long, the outer fis crop it Me about 4 mm. long, dark brownish or reddish, flattened,
several-nerved on eac ary the — k pale, Pack shorter than the achene.
AE n species woods, that has become established on Vancouver Island, British Columbia,
and in laleat a Challe yer Wakianiea: yt New York and Quebec. June—Aug.
8. Lactuca tartarica subsp. pulchélla (Pursh) Stebbins. Blue Lettuce. Fig. 6033.
Sonchus pulchellus vai: FI. ony pee 502. 1814.
Lactuca pulchella DC. Prod. 7:
Lactuca tartarica subsp. sides Shite, Madrojfio 5: 123. 1939.
Plants with a deep perennial rootstock, glabrous throughout and somewhat glaucous, the
stems leafy up to the inflorescence, 5-12 dm. high. Leaves variable, linear to lanceolate or oblong
enti, dentate, lobed, or pin a the lower sometimes petioled d, the others sessile or som hat
clasping, 5-20 cm. long; heads in an elongated eens often leafy below ; invo c;
Sy gh; iy lat ries cael bashed cated” the outer succ apts shorter, ovate-lanceolate, often
purplish ligules blue or violet, well exserted ; en elied ehince ladeesi sate flat, short- beaked ; pap-
<
c
+
oO
Q
=
wn
res
a]
Psee
Moi und, Arid Transition Zone; British Columbia southward east of the Cascade Motateins through
eastern Wathinetie and Oregon to boc Oe | hag the hg —_ as a weed in the Bw n Josie Valley; east to
western Ontario and Kansas. Type loca roe t anks of the Miss ssouri.”’ June
172. PRENANTHES [Vaill.] L. Sp. Pl. 797. 1753.
Leafy-stemmed, perennial herbs. Leaves alternate, petioled below and sessile or auricu-
late-clasping above. Inflorescence thyrsoid or ee culate, the flowers drooping. Involucres
cylindric and usually narrow, 7~-15-flowered, the phyllaries in 1 o seri Receptacle
naked. Ligules white shades of pink or Pirie or yellowi h. Style-branches slender.
Achenes beg = kag ni or terete, ia e; Bye us COpLONE, white or reddish brown,
A genus of 27 species or less, natives Ea sea Europe and ga North America, and the Mediterranean
Basin. Type species, Prenanthes purpure
1. Prenanthes alata (Hook.) D. Dietr. Western Rattlesnake-root. Fig. 6034.
Sonchus hastatus Less. seaenee 65 99. 1831
Nabalus alatus Hook. FI. B nee . 294. os 102. 1833.
Prenanthes alata D. Dietr. Pat Pi.
evens mines Rosas aM. E, wee , Bu : fe all Biol. Ser. No. 15: 47. 1910. Not Thunb. 1784.
git Hul én, Fi. Aleut. Isl. 335. 1947.
Perennial herbs si ori I Sogpoe ero — 8 or somewhat branched above, 3-6 dm
high, glabrous or nearly so below Toes Lower and middle leaves 5-12 cm. long, paler
below than above, deltoid to rary apraton ietenanke ee ee ae arply aaa irregularly ent
t tiolar base, the upper scarcely narrowed bel nd shorter than the lower ;
heads 10-15-flowered, the ligules purplish, loosely and so hat paniculately cory ;
peduncles tomentose ; lucre narrowly campanulate, about 12 mm. high, the phyllaries linear,
becoming glabrate, the calyculate bractlets very small ; oepen es about 5 mm. long, finely striate
po pts the ribs ; pappus- bristles capillary, ra gins brow ish.
ich soil in ele Humid Transition — dian “Zones Alaska eure along the Pacific
Pity oy ‘Daten: and Hood River Counties, Oreg ae ocality: Fort Vancouver, Washington. Col-
lected by Scouler, June—
173. HIERACIUM [Tourn.] L. Sp. Pl. 799. 1753.
Perennial herbs, the stems scapiform or leafy, arising from a branched caudex, stout
rhizome, or from slender stolons. Leaves entire or toothed in most of ours, more abundant
b
ew- to ma oO
yellow, white, or orange-red ligules. In calcite cyli indri or campanulate; phyllaries in
2 or 3 series, often obscurely imbricate. Receptacle flat, mete naked. Achenes truncate,
striate; pappus a single row of white or tawny, capillary bristles. [From the Greek, mean-
ing hawk. 4
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 595
A variable genus, in which nearly 1000 species have been described, native of both hemispheres
Ly <, My
A j . Type species,
1 native species, perhaps Ly a i degree in H. horridum, ape ve field and experimental studies should
be made to at ive at an understa nding of true r etatic Sots nahi ips. Then so. * e names here listed as synonyms may
be found to represent —- bislogical entities te least at the Subspecific level. Probably in the albertinum-
tleri-cynog lo mplex, a situation exists compar. cin to that which has been demonstrated to occur in the
polyploid apomictic pond 9 ne yi of the oe us 5 uro
re not stoloniferous; native s
ith long
eaves Goltwad ng oety long bates tiated ‘iarite of the ae River Gorge.
cies
sal st sae al — rather small os pico sainraeene those . rs many and mostly larger.
Ste etose lon
“Lea
longiberbe.
T.eaves essentially glabrous; plants widely distributed in Canada and northern United Asap
nadense.
Stems without long setose hairs; leaves four to twelve times as long as wide.
Basal po subbasal leaves the ri
arkedly reduced upward
Stellate cueastasne: lacki
wers white, 19-30 p per head; plants 3-12 dm. high; widely seen in Fagen t Pomoatg States.
is pe mbellatum.
rger, persistent, those of midstem few or none, progressively and sometimes
Flowers yellow, 5—15 per head; plants 1-3 dm. high; restricted to the ‘Siskigon region.
. H. bolanderi.
sets pubescence present (sometimes only on the inflorescence), sparse or dense
nts canescent throughout with a a stellate osaaan pelo elie with long setose hairs
on the lower leaves.) ae Ai. greene.
Stell restricted to leaves or inflorescence, obsc
MNearl¥ all leaves art but conspicuously sinuate-dentate; plants of aan fgg ect and southern
Califor 3.
Leaves all entire or a few obscurely denticulate; plants not of west-central and stick Cali-
fornia.
Basal i eo glabrous or if at all pubescent lacking setose hairs; err. Baggs stemmed
plants, mostly of moist mountainous si tions, res = & cile.
Basal and pent eaves when present dens or apeesely covered with ‘i setose hairs;
plants principally of yp Bh open or set d area:
Heads (5)10-12-flowered, the involucres narrow; plants crinate, Mendes, Te 1-3 — high.
0
Heads ae 50-flowered, the involucres broad; plants if crinate rather stout, %. $- 7 dm.
Hathess sparsely to moderately long-setose above (occasional on involucres) and
sometimes glaucous; plants of Cascade, Tiikiners, ry Sigre Bl Megs ranges,
Herbage egg long-setose shove d_ below, — 3, glawcous ds tea ae of the
Cascade, Siskiyou, sis Gos rthe a Sierra es.
Involucres and stems pega sparsely long- a meee ney spl
. H. cynoglossoides.
Involucres and sometimes the stems crinate, sss dai ‘if at ai glandular.
Be d 3. H. albertinum.
tol ; introduced spec
Inflorescence o él 5—10 heads, orange- es orange-red-flowered.
Heads solitary, yellow-flowered.
13. H. aurantiacum.
14. H, pilosella.
6031. Lactuca biennis 6032. Lactuca muralis
596 COMPOSITAE
1. Hieracium scotleri Hook. Scouler’s Hawkweed. Fig. 6035.
Hieracium scouleri Hook. Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 298. 1833.
Hieractum ~~ Gr aan es 3:10). 1895.
Hieracium cinereum Howell, Fl. N.W. Amer. 396. 1901. a Tausch. 1819.
ro tea cineritium Nel s. & ser Bot. Gaz. 61: 47. 1916.
dog Bull. ~ Bot. Fr. 65: * 1918.
— paddoense Pips a Op. cit.
Hieracium washingtonense Gandoger oe
Hier ais pepo Zahn, Piieneak nl 1127. 1922.
?Hieracium parryi Zahn, op. cit. 1128.
Hieracium ae as Zahn, op. cit. 1129.
Hieracium hemipoliodes Fabri, op. cit. 1130.
Perennial from a short rootstock, the stems simple, eens slender, 2.5-7 dm. high, sub-
glabrous and often ee above, long:setose | sg es and m or less stellate. Lower leaves
n base m, 8-25 cm m. wi i
T > owe Oo
ase, oblanceolate to lanceolate, esse ially e ntire, - stem-leaves few, progressively reduced in
size, sre ene -hairy and ine onspicuoushy stetinte ; inflorescence rather open, the branching tend-
ing to be paniculate, the heads rt ew to many and about 15-20-flowered ; involucre 7-11 mm. high, the
phyllaries as conspicuously imbricate; phyllaries linear-lanceolate, finely stellate-pubescent with
some gland-tip 63 bristles and some setose hairs often present ; achenes 3-3.5 mm. long, exceeded
by the sordid pap
Open woods, Transition and Canadian Zones; commonly occurring west of and cheough, the Cascade
Si cilntalers from baa h Columbia fe ati i and Psy san ocr a northern California; also occurring
less ca ear pa! eastward to Mon and western Wyom Type locality: mouth of the Columbia River. Col-
lected by Scouler. June—Aug.
ini aah boy species merging to the south with var. nudicaule and with H. cynoglossoides and H. alberti-
num in its more easterly range.
Hieracium scouleri var. nudicatle (A. Gray) Cronquist, Vasc. Pl. Pacif. Northw. 5: 238. 1955. (Hieracium
a Sn var. nudicaule A, Gray, Proc. Amer. aac 19: 68. 1883; H. nudicaule Heller, lictaeies 22149.
1906; Pecan fgets Zahn, Pflanzenreich 428°: 112 1922; H. babcoc. kit Zahn, loc. cit.; H. babcockti var. setosi-
oh in, loc. cit.; H ianum Zahn
og: to
oot,
es h cyn
glossoides and also glandular. Dry oods or gravelly flats in the southern yf a poo Siativen’ Mountsins,
Oregon, south through sasiheie California to Placer Cocnty in the Sierra ere and to Trinity County in the
Coast Ranges. Type locality: Sierra County, California. Collected by Lem
2. Hieracium cynoglossoides Arv.-Touv. Houndstongue Hawkweed. Fig. 6036.
Hieractum cynoglossoides Arv.-Touv. Spicil. Hier. 20. 1881
ogioie cium ro Rydb. Mem. suet Bot. any 1: 464. 1901. Not Form. 1896.
deracin , Bull. Soc. Bot. F
Hi | . Planaes: nreich 4750; 1130.
?Hieracium roi st. aa & Warren, Proc. Biol. rs ack: 41: 108. 1928.
Habit much zegesobls ing H. scouleri var. scouleri but setose and not subglabrose or meaycone.
Leaves and inflorescence as in the preceding taxon; involucres finely seule also with shor
blackish, dag sped bristles at some long setae; achenes and pappus as in H. scouleri oe
i; albertis nu
Wa Sut: t low elevations, Sonoran and Arid Transition Zones; British Columbia and Alberta south
to eastern re gion a rn Oregon, and Modoc County, California, pe - Utah and Wyoming. Type locality:
no . June Aug. Intermediate between H. scoulert and H. albertinum.
3. Hieracium nae a Farr. Western Hawkweed. Fig. 6037.
ig ieracium albertinum Farr, Ottawa Nat. 20 1906.
acium absonum Macbride & Payson, Conk: nia Herb. No. 49: 71. 1917.
re r coarse perennial 4-12 dm. high, the stems 1 or more from a stout rootstock, leafy espe-
cially below, with the uppermost leaves few and somewhat reduced in size, abunda ntly pubescent
throughout with long setose hairs and rather sparingly stellate. Leaves 8-25 cm. long, 1-
fe) Se) e rrowing to a petiolifo
ish, the upper leaves sessile; inflorescence usually with many heads, corymbiform to agro ye
corymbiform, the peduncles 5-20 mm. long; involucres 9-12 mm. high, fate fewer as 5 20) ;
phyllaries loosely imbricate, linear, with dark mudaes 06: stellate-pubescent and Sona y long-
setose usually with black-based bess these sometimes dense enough to conceal the phyllaries ;
achenes 3 mm. or more long, t the pappus whitis
Dry open places rairies and pen © pine forest ‘Arid T ition Zone; southern British Columbia =
Alberta soy to eastern | ashington and northeastern co a tek to Idaho aoe western Montana. Type loc
ity: betwee and Moraine Lake, Rthetis. July—Aug.
4. So _— Howell. Long-bearded Hawkweed. Fig. 6038.
giberbe Howell, Fl. N.W. Amer. 395. 1901.
vere piperi St. John pe Sal Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 41: 109. 1928.
Perenni i 3-6 dm. high, the stems erect, 1 o e from a short woody Caste rather slender,
erect, reddish below and rather s sabe 4 ‘bes et wr tora setose hairs 5-10 mm. long, nearly gla-
brous above. Laps pighhg tem- oon withering, the midstem-leaves 65 cm. long, ise
uppe what smaller, all eave, ptscheertthy oblanceolate, or elliptic, narrowed to a petiolar
t so
base, fe hes sessile above, entire or rarely denticulate, thin, green but pubescent with setose
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 597
hairs up to 10 mm. long, conspicuously so on midrib and margins, ee glabrous; et ie
open, the heads mostly few on peduncles 3-5 cm. long, the flow yellow; involucre to
p
high, the phyllaries with dark geadrib, lon, often ack based, setose hairs and sparsely stellate
ubescent, not glandular ; achenes 3. 5 mm. lon ng, exceeded by white or sordid-white pappus
Cliffs and rocky bluffs, Humid niet an Columbia River poe Skamania County, Waikinwtca cad
Malone County, Oregon. Type locality : Columbia —— near The gp ronotei> July
tinct local form penognies ble by its unusually setose hairs, suggesting Pelatinaaiin with the scoulert-
ynog ous rioleal complex on one hand and with the ppc pee penne atum ccanpiex = the other. The habit and the
eek veduced and more numerous stem-leaves indicate relationship to the latter gro
5. Hieracium argutum Nutt. Southern California Hawkweed. Fig. 6039.
Hieracium argutum Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 447. 1841.
Perennial, 3-7 dm. high from a branched woody caudex, the stems beset with long setose hairs
below, jae lacking or r nearly so on the upper stems. Lower leaves often densely clustered below,
6033. tartari cium scouleri
6034. os a ee —. cynoglossoides
598 COMPOSITAE
10-20 cm. long, 1+4 cm. wide, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, narrowed to a petiole or a petioliform
base, the margins remotely but t deeply eg ae hey tate or -denticulate, setose-hairy; middle and
a ae techn sessile, often much reduced, linear, essentially entire, stellate-pubescent to nearly
a
e€
linear her sparsely black- ‘stipitate-glandular with some cao “stpitate
glandular halts, the ie saetbetack sparse; achenes 2.5-3 mm. long, dark brown, the papp
whitish.
Rocky and wooded big nag Lge Sonoran and Transition Zones; Santa Rosa and Santa Cruz Islands, Santa
Barbara County, and on the inland in San hon gee County, where it merges with forms of the following
variety. Type si na ~— Barbara. bgt by Nuttall. a
Hieracium argu r. pari bg ay) Jep Fi. lif. 1009. 1925, (Hieracium parishii
A. Gray, Proc. Amer. arts 19: 67. ness: HW teen ‘Greene Bull Cait. a 1: 195. 1885; _ oa
Eastw. Bull. Torrey Club 32: 217. 1905.) Leaves -: . Hi. um var. ar - , Be northern for: ore often
denticulate and not dentate; inflorescence usually re Sane a ranched; of the ohyttes fk merely
stellate-pubescent (H. parishii) or more Conemeety a with pellow: stipitate ‘lander — the black-stipitate-
glandular hairs pliers A hy Jacking or sparse. Dry wooded canyons, Santa Lucia Mountains, Monterey County,
California, south to mountains of Los a — and Ped Bernardino Cosun Ss. Tis lo cain rock crevices, Water-
man Canyon, San eruue ino Mountain:
6. Hieracium albifldrum iis White-flowered Hawkweed. Fig. 6040.
Hieracium albiforum Hook. FI. Bor. Amer.
?Hi ium va vert Arv.-Touv. Sve Hier. 10. 1881.
Hieracium helleri Gandoger, Bull. Soc. Bot. F 1918.
Hieractum leptopoda m Gan , loc. ci
Hieracium candelabrum Gandoger, op. cit. 52.
Hieracium albifiorum subvar. rosendahitt Zahn, Pflanzenreich 42: 1123. 1922.
Hieracium albiflorum f Ae Zahn, cit.
Hieracium albiflorum subyv anh carinens Zahn, loc. cit.
?Hieracium pacificum
Perennial, 3-12 dm. h ee = stems usually eat te arising from a woody root and commonly
unbranched short caudex, desthes ss or with few stem-leaves, with long setose hairs below and mostly
naked above. Leaves mostly basal, 8c ng, Shige eolate, narrowed to a petiole except in
the stem-leaves, moderately pyres entire or repand-denticu sy i inflorescence corymbiform,
the rather small heads several to many, the peduncles oie , 2-7 cm. long, the flowers white or pale
yellow (?); involucres narrow, usua salty 18-30. flower ~ phyllavies: saree imbricate, the longer
inner ones 7-9 mm. long, line ar-lanceolate greenish or male ckish, glabrous or often sparsely olathe
lar te pale or black hairs, sometimes with a few setose hairs ; Schenes about 2.5-3 mm. long,
the pappus white or sordid, longer an the achene
Open ah in moist or dry situations, Upper diuaewk Zone to Hudsonian Zone; Alaska and northwestern
Canada ne to southern California and Colorado. Type locality: ‘‘mouth of the Columbia.”? Collected by Scouler.
othe widely distributed species in the Pacific States both altitudinally and geographically. Quite variable
as to type or pie of the lower leaves and in vesture y = A sa dpc es having in common proett habit, linear-
lanceolate phyllaries, absence of stellate pubescence, and ream-colored flowering hea
7. Hieracium greénei A. Gray. Greene’s Hawkweed. Fig. 6041.
a greenet A, Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 19: 69. 1883
m howelli A. patton Bot. Gaz. 13: 73. 1888.
"Hirao barbigerum Greene, Pittonia 3: 228. 1897. yee rage 1896.
teracium oregonicum Zahn, Pflanzenreich 42%: 1130
Peskaiies 1.5-3.5 dm. high, the stems few to several from a iy a de ig mont branched
caudex, stoutish, erubnt aged densely sicliase tecavlake throughou lower leaves also
long-setose. ie and low stem-leave s 4-10(15) cm. long, rather thick, oblanceolate to an
late, narrowed to iolar tiene the base shorter and becoming sessile, the m
one or irregularly sebelah desdicadete Aereecbnce panienes e with hve varicate ‘brane hlets, nthe
sev
BES
Ow
Leo =
rs
ou
=b
(=)
Oo
o8
Re
oo
-
5
Oo
wn
Bp &
ao
Ld
~
Ree
bat ERE vy |
=
oO
a
Oo
has |
ae
ae
3
3
>
=]
itis)
bry
w
tory
S,
a
es
5
25
eho
o@
rrow, -NOW' m
broadly linear, obtusis apes, pie is sri and more or less ste te-pubescent ; achenes about
5 mm. long, the pappus onger achenes, white or brownish.
= rocky places, often in serpe ee iain and Canadian Zones; ‘Klamath County in the south
Cascade Mountains and Fodeohine ‘County in — Siskiyou acer age ag| Oregon Humboldt County,
Cc California, and Shasta County and also g as far as Sierra County. Tone inca pine woods, Scott
untain, Si aves County, Cali forts. = sn
In some of the Californian specimens, he stellate pubescence is quite sparse but the plants possess the char-
acteristic stiffly divaricate inflorescence of H. greenei and are here considered to be aberrant forms of that species.
8. Hieracium bolanderi A. Gray. Bolander’s Hawkweed. Fig. 6042.
Hieracium bolanderi A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 7: 365. 1868.
Hieracium siskiyouense M. E. Peck, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 47: 188. 1934.
Rather slender perennial 1-3 dm. high, the glabrous and glaucous stems solitary or few from
a | simple or branched, woody caudex, unbranched below the inflorescence, Seni pean abe a
inflorese asal lea
late, sessile (the longest leaves usually with pétiolifermn bases), thin, entire or obscurely denticu-
late, conspicuously but not densely long-setose ; inflorescence open with sseendiee branches, the
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 599
heads 3-10, borne on slender, glabrous or Med sparsely glandular peduncles (2)4-8 cm. long. about
5-10-flo wered, -- ei rarely white; involucres na epi the phyllaries few, scarcely imbri-
ate, the 1 p to 1 cm. long, . 1.3 mm. wide, acute ap ex, often perme -tinged a au-
cous, entirely abouk 4 or oe ight ery few s ikea gland- tipped hairs ec = occasional long oeta:
achenes about 3 mm. long, the ae exceeding t the achen s, white or whitish.
d or ~— _ apes Arid ee and Panett Aas’ mountains of Curry, For iy pie and
Jackson Counties, Oregon, south to Siskiyou and Humboldt Counties, California. Type locality: Red Mountain,
Per eetdt aN June-Ji bite.
9. Hieracium gracile Hook. Alpine Hawkweed. Fig. 6043.
Hier ee acile Hook. FI, we Pomp 1: 298. 1833.
Hieractum hookert Steud. Nom 422 763. 1840
Hieracium triste var. oie - ray, Bot. Calif. + 441,
Hieracium gracile var. detonsum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Aca
Hieracium gracile subsp. gracile var. detonsum subvar. ie bea Pflanzenreich 4°; 1133. 1922.
nnials, 1-3 dm. high, the subscapose slender stems clustered, few t ral from a hor
sce. pcr and short caudex, simple or sometimes branched, Ba me a 2} plots
WA, gus
! 1b }
«
Ds
re ins
6037. Hieracium albertinum
6038. i dens
6039. Hieraciim argu’
6040. Hieracium rr boca
600 COMPOSITAE
above, to glabrous. Leaves 3-10 cm. long, many-clustered at the base, the occasional stem-leaves
srantie bracteate ; spatulate to oblanceolate, narrowed below to a petiole 1-5 cm. long, essentially
glabrous; heads yellow-flowered, solitary or 2-15 in racemes, pedunculate; involucre
high, the phyllaries with black, usually gland-tipped setae or these sorts or lacking, also often
stellate- Nee achenes 2 mm. long, surpassed by the white p
Meadow open places, Boreal Zone; Alaska and Canada south in Hes Pacits States to the Siskiyou hs
and the ee ning Nevada in California and the Rocky Mountains region south to northern New Mex
Type locality: Rocky Mountains. Collected by Drummond. July—Sept.
10. Hieracium horridum Fries. Shaggy Hawkweed. Fig. 6044.
Hieracium horridum Fries, Ep — — 154. 1862.
Pilosella relicina Sz. Sz. Flora 4
Hieracium breweri A. Gray, Proc. ne ee por 62/553. 1865:
Rather slender pernie! 1-3 dm. high, the tenagd Elackered, simple or with few slender lower
ranches, arising from a woody ro Sta and stout, simple or branched caudex, oe to nearly
glabrate and also with fohee oe te hates 6 these la Hee nodes on the upper stems. Basal an
lower stem-leaves many, m. long, phicacce nate to sale aut pee narr red to a petioli-
form base, shaggy with long, nie es g, setose, white or brownish hair ahs Thats Selene ae
bracteate inflorescence sessile, similar, longer than the internodes and su greatly reduced;
florescence Bae branched, corymbiform, with few e y heads, the heads a small, welin ow,
miele red, the pedu uncles mostly 1-1.5 = lon sate e 7.5-10 m m. high, the phyllaries
cely im bribed cate, the er series very shor atelinte ‘b aie giibeate. the usuall y darkened
midsectio n with long, fate blacks based setae; maatern about 2 mm. long, the pappus tawny, longer
than oe
ks, mostly Boreal Zone; eastern Lane County, Oregon, in the Cascade Mountains, to the
tice methert “California Bay southward in the Sierra Meveee to Slare County; also the higher mountains
of ‘Sauen California. Type locality: California. Collected by Bridges. July—Sept.
11. Hieracium SRsoE gig Canada Hawkweed. Fig. 6045.
Hieracium canadense Michx. F1. Bor. Amer. 1803
Hieracium columbianum Rydb. fant nate Pak, 28: 513, 1901.
ial, 4-12 dm. high, the stems 1 o e from a short woody caudex, rather stout, pu-
hegeene below with long spr caiiie ete) labo us to sparingly stellate-pubescent above. Basa
and lowest stem-leaves rather small, s withering and deciduous, the midstem-leaves about
6-12 cm. 1-4 cm. wide, cage Slee: east the internodes, mostly lanceolate to oblanceolate,
entire or sparingly denticulate, sessile and subclasping at base, rather thin, the margins and often
veins and undersurface with spreading setose hairs, rarely sparingly ’ stellate- Pabeseseik: in-
florescence corym rary o-akagene e ag spreading peduncles, the heads 6-20 or more, yel ow
flowered ; involucres 6-10 m igh, the phyllaries imbricate, dark, glabrous oo or sO; © eetian
about 3 mm. long, purplish bled, oo rites tawny, a little ‘longer kan the
Woods pa moist open places, Transition and lower eee Zones; Canada south to Wha tseton: the Rocky
a region, and eastward to New Jersey. Type locality: Canada. July—Sept. Much resembling H. auher
12. Hieracium umbellatum L. Umbellate Hawkweed. Fig. 6046.
racium umbellatum L. Sp. Pl. 804. 1753.
Hieracium caesarean! Schwein. Long. Exp. 2: 394. 1824. Not H. umbellatum var. scabriusculum Farw. 1927.
Nutt. —— Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 446. 1841.
Hieracium suksdorfii G ; Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. 65: 51,
Perennial, 412 dm hi ae the stems 1 or more from a short woody rootstock, stout, glabrous
or nearly so below, usually stellate- Sher ulent above. — and — stem-leaves rather small,
soon rithering and deciduous, the midstem-leaves 6-10 cm. long, 1-: . wide, sessile, not ianping
nd someti narrowe ‘t se, many, much longer goose the fesindis.: entire or sparingly
denticulate, lanceolate to narrowly oblong, rather firm, stellate nat toes or less scabridulous «
e
pubescent, the heads 3-10 or more, yellow-flowered; involucres 6-13 mm. high, the phyllaries
imbric aed gla — or staat a so; achenes 3-3.5 mm. long, reddish, the pappus tawny, about equal-
ing t chen
Moist Pe Se and woods, Transition and lower Boreal Zones; circumboreal southward in North — to
Michigan and Wisconsin and i in the west to Colorado and northwestern Oregon. Type locality: Europe. July—Sept.
13. Hieracium aurantiacum L. Orange Hawkweed. Fig. 6047.
Hieracitum aurantiacum L. Sp. Pl. 801. 1753.
Resembling H. pilosella in habit, the stems 2-5 dm. high, —_—e- bearing 1 or 2 reduced
leaves, long-setose, and also stellate and glandular above. Leaves 4-20 cm. long, oblanceolate to
elliptic, narrowed to a petiolar base, usually ss above and below; inflorescence a
form, the heads 5-25 on short peduncles, the flow red-orange; involucre 6-8 mm. high, t
yllaries long-setose and also bearing black, Shand teal hairs, peti slightly tomenasane tienes
pappus as in H. pilosella.
A European weed sparingly established in Bremerton, Kitsap County, Washington, and in Multnomah and
Deschutes Counties, Oregon; also introduced i a eastern United States. June-Sept. King-devil.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 601
. Hieracium greenei an
‘ ncn asoseyghas
. Hieracium horridum
6045. Hieracium canadense
602 COMPOSITAE
14. Hieracium pilosélla L. Mouse-ear Hawkweed. Fig. 6048.
Hieracium pilosella L. Sp. Pl. 800. 1753.
Stolon oii perennial, the slender stems 5—20 cm. high arising from a rather slender t-
stock, scapose, rarely with a single leaf, more or less spreading-pubesce h gland-tipped, often
black hairs 12 ng (those f the stolons small), oblanceolate to spatulate, tapering
to a petiolar base, entire, pale beneath with a dense stellate pubescence a ith som se
hairs, green a glabrous exc long setose hairs; heads solitary, yellow- d; in-
volucres 7-11 igh, the phyllaries stellate-pubescen
at
and also with spreading, often gland-
mm, high, t
tipped, black hairs, ese lal ith long setose hairs; achenes about 1.5-2 mm. long, the pappus
exceeding the achene, so
A European weed spari tor stieRiahad in lawns and waste places, Willamette Valley and Multnomah County,
Oregon; also introduced in eastern United States. May—Sept.
174. CREPIS* L. Sp. Pl. 805. 1753.
Perennial, biennial, or annual herbs;
stems scapiform or branched. Leaves chiefly
basal, the cauline alternate, many
— or deciduous. [From the Greek, meaning sandal, the ancient name of som
plant. ]
A genus of 196 species, natives of Eurasia, Africa, and North America. Type species, Crepis biennis L.
Leaves dentate or parted, not novos or obovate; not dwarf alpine plants.
troduced annual or biennial species (perennial in ie ipragann
above capillaris,
Achenes beaked, the beak slender or sacs
Perennial; beak filiform, about twice the length of the achen i. rsifolia.
Annual or biennial; beak n ae fibtotan: about the length ‘of ae ‘bene or slightly Lig:
Be oi:
Involucres and stems strongly setose Aged ovale bristles
Involucres and
tulose with ne black ee
re ON aoubveais Saviinastfulta:
. high; native perennials.
Stems and leaves ar aE glabrous and glaucous; cauline leaves absent or rem so; plants of moist
situat 6. C. runcinata,
Stems and 1 won r less para get = addition to A r058 types of sthacthiee: 1-3 cauline leaves
ose Rory es C. : iheratur pa); of psig situ
Herbage and ‘eveluetas wba? Sok ahh gland- duoat bite: outer heared i nia lh -lanceolate.
Herbage and involucres variously pubescent, if glandular of short hairs only; outer phyllaries
lanceolate or ovate- or
r bot mspicuously setose but not sine
Inflorescence a 1-9 ae sone phyllaries 10-15. . C. modocensis.
Inflorescence of 6-70 heads; inner phyllaries 5-10. - C. barbigera.
setae sparse or terra
Heads 5—10-flowered; aed phyllaries 5-7.
Cauline leaves 1-3; phyllaries labs or evenly and tad tomentose.
. C. acuminata.
pe leaves reduced or weone: phyllaries elabrovs - midportion, conspicuously
omentose on the margin C. pleurocarpa.
Heads a flowered; inner i s 8-10.
Divisions of leaves linear or narrowly lanceolate, mostly entire; achenes greenish.
12. C. atribarba.
Pipi Se of dares lanceolate or deltoid, some usually toothed; achenes yellowish or
Plants ‘mostly 3 dm. or less high; involucres broadly cylindric; heads 12—30-
owered
Leaves grayish-tomentulose, not glandular; ee ee not aS parent above.
1 It.
Leaves green and glandular; peduncles fistulose Fie ss he yl above.
Plants mostly 3-6 dm. high; involucres soled” de og es heads 8—10-flowered.
Se weit
Leaves all entire or few-toothed, spatulate or obovate; dwarf alpine plants. C. na
1. Crepis bursifdlia L. Italian Hawksbeard. Fig. 6049.
Crepis bursifolia L. Sp. Pl. 805. 1753.
Perennial, 0.5-3.5 dm. high, stems several, decumbent or arcuate, arising from a woody
caudex and vertical root, E plese: tomentulose, cymosely branched above, bearing 2-14 heads.
. and text a ed from Babcock and Stebbins (Carnegie Ivst. Pub. No. 504, 1938) and Babcock (Univ.
Calif. Pub. Bot. 22: 1947), where complete synonymy is also to be found.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 603
Leaves mostly basal, the cauline few, linear and bract-like, the basal leaves 5-25 cm. long, oblanceo-
late in outline, lyrately pinnatifid, the obtuse terminal portion dentate or denticulate; heads 30-60-
flowered, on peduncles 0. cm. long; aie cres 9-11 mm. long, cylindric, canescent-farinose ~
sometimes somewhat yellow-setulose ; outer phyllaries unequal, one-fourth to one-third as lo ong a
the inner, these 8-10; achenes 6-7.5 mm "tae 10-ribbed, pale brown, fusiform and seh bite
a filamentous beak about twice the length of the body of the achene; pappus mm. long.
A native of Italy found growing in waste places in the San Francisco Bay region, California (Berkeley;
Stanford). May—June.
2. Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr. Smooth Hawksbeard. Fig. 6050.
Poe misc Sp2Fk 812: 1753.
Crepis v cit. ed. 2. 1134. 1763.
Crepis apilaarts Wallr. Linnaea 14: 657.
Malacothrix crepoides A. Gray in J. G. Cooper, Pacif, R. Rep, 122: 53. 1860.
Annual or biennial, 0. oy 9 dm. hi gh, with several stems from a ig thse ae erect, rather
Pic, ilspicialous at the base and sometimes above. Basal leaves 3-30 c g, la nceolate in
outline, runcinate-pinnatifid or rately pinnate, petiolate, glabrous or tevidiious beneath on the
6046. Hieracium umbellatum 6048. Hieracium pilosella
6047. Hieracium aurantiacum 6049. —_ bursifolia
604 COMPOSITAE
midrib with ser yellow | hairs, sometimes sparsely oe above, me cauline leaves ecesils,
e oO bifo an 60-flowere
,
peduncles 0. cm. long; involucres 5-8 mm. high, ett bang in fruit ; peak phyllaries ay Bin
to one-half the lengt th of the inner, glabrous or tomentose, the inner phyllaries 8-16, lanceolate,
glabrous, tomentose or sparingly gla en sometimes spars sely setulose with black glandular
hairs ; receptacle glabrous; achenes 1.5-2.5 mm. long, 10-ribbed, “heuuteids yellow to dark brown,
fusiform and beakless ; pappus 3-4 mm. Habe
A native of Europe, eivelig in meadows, lawns, and waste places, widely introduced in the Pacific byron
from western Washington to central California; also occurring in Canada Seite eastern United States. May
Crepis nicaeénsis Balbis ex Pers. Syn. Pl. 2: 376. 1807. Ann r bienn ial, 2.5-11 dm. high, po el
to and posse C; capillaris; differing in having more eh a oy pate: involueres 8- /?— pris high and
cg st. ger gener is fruit; receptacle aero achenes 2.5—4 mm. long, golden-brow of sonal
n.Europe and s gly introduced in eastern United States, and known in the Pacific’ Pe pial one col-
fenton at WMaryeviie.: ‘Cohutta: County, Washi ington
repis pilchra L. Sp. Pl. 806. 1753. antints: 3-7 - . high from a slender taproot, pubescent below,
glabrous above; basal leaves 3-15 cm. long, oblanceolat ate, acute or obtuse, runcinate-pinnatifid, eae toa
winged petiole, ‘pubescent; stem-leaves somewhat reduced, etic “ahd amplexicaul and less divided than the basal;
involucres cylindric, glabrous; achenes 4-4.5 mm. long, the outer compressed and often without pappus, the inner
mica rin i A egon.
rope rubra L. Sp. Pl. 806. 1753. A garden annual, native of Italy and the Balkans, mostly 1-2.5 dm.
os wri — dentate or Dah: yee pinnatifid leaves an nd sc gy Feria stems, os branched below, termi-
nated by pink- or white-flowered heads, nodding before anthesis; achenes 9-20 mm. long, with a coarse or slender
beak as long or twice as tong as the body. Rarely escaping from cultivation; in the Pacific States it has been
collected at petty Marin County, California
Cre me: LocSp. Pi 807; 1783. Glatinun or puberulent annual, 1-10 dm. high, with. runcinate-
pinnati if teal gsr Poze Scaatie, linear cauline leaves; icccenenre usually with few heads; inyolucres cylin-
dric-campanulate, 9 m igh, the inner phyllaries pubescen on the inner faces; achenes usually 3-4 mm. long,
10-ribbed, dark pba: — fusiform and attenuate se i but scarcely beaked. 7% native of Europe, sparingly
introduced in Canada and ihe aed Staten: on the Pacific Slope, introduced in British Columbia and to be
expected in northern Washingt
3. Crepis setésa Hall. f. Rough Hawksbeard. Fig. 6051.
Crepis setosa Hall. f. Roem. Arch. Bot. 12: 1. 1797.
Annual, 1.8-8 dm. high, the erect stem from a taproot, simple or branched from near the base
and also above, hispid. Basal leaves mostly few, 6-30 cm. long, oblan regs in ou = ne, narrowed
i i ion oot at ape
abov eads : ; :
hispid and ochoae with yellow bristles; involucre mm. long, somewhat turbinate in fruit, the
outer ap hoe not more that one-half the length of the inner, the inher linear-lanceolate, thick-
ened at the base, setose with yellow nef pete the yellow ligules often reddish on outer face; re-
ceptacle sk ge Pe 7 shoe 3 .5-5 mm. long, 10-ribbed, fusiform and tapering into a beak
.5 mm. long; pappus 2.5-5 mm. long.
A native of sae Europe, Sa sc pl" Sai not common in the Pacific States; in the Willamette
Valley, Oregon, and Humboldt County, California. Jun ug.
4. Crepis vesicaria subsp. taraxacifolia (Thuill.) Thell. Weedy Hawksbeard.
Fig. 6052.
a Thuill. Fl. Par. 409. 179
Cres vestcaria a oitea taraxacifolia Thell. ex a & Keller, Krit. Fl. Schweiz ed. 3. 361. 1914.
Annual or biennial Coe perennial), 0. the dm. high, stems 1 to several from a thickened
—— alten branched near the base as well as above, more or less purplish, striate, more or less
tom Leaves mostly paral. the cauline leaves sessile and amplexicaul, made! entire to pin-
nately aad the tae leaves 10-20 cm. long o what longer, mostly narrowly oblanceolate
in ease mostly rancinate-pinnatifid or lyra sea ere with a large rain lobe, I
pubesc on both surface .. = gla ss hairs; inflorescence istiiskr set m, with s
heads, pe icon cles 1-13 om vee wolne e 8-12 mm. high ; outer phyllaries short, Rencncetig or
ovate-lance oat, calaiee the A As lel 9-13, lanceolate, obtuse = en glan-
ular-pubesc and usually with ‘black glandless setae ; eeceiaele ciliate; act mm.
se Ocribbed. pale brown, fusiform, attenuate into a slender beak as long as or oat than the
~ the achene ; pappus mm. ‘long.
riable siibiagiedies native of Europe and widely introduced elsewhere, becoming more abundant in waste
places an ot borders of woods in California; A ec a te Marin, Alameda, cy Mateo, and Santa Clara Counties,
and also adventive in Los Angeles County. April-June
oe
8
#8,
Comal
5. Crepis nana Richards. Dwarf Hawksbeard. Fig. 6053.
Prenanthes pygmaca Ledeb. Mém. Acad. St.-Pétersb. V. 5: 553. 1815.
Crepis nana Richards. in Frasil. lst Journ. Bot. ps6: 7s Bee
-A 833.
Crepis humilis Fisch. ex Herder, Bull. Soc. Impér - Nat. oe 43: 190. 1870.
Dwarfed tufted abo acer the vertical or creeping, underground stems arising from a taproot,
the leafless uppe ag ees sued ae t ie m. high, about as long as or a li ie ee mags she
sie s. ves ofte mewhat purpli Bs many-clustered basally, u cm.
vate-acute to pebcrtacnlas: the blade tapering ‘abruptly into the petiole, eibein. entire or a tee
sda ceed: involucres 24 on the est ranches; inner phyllaries about
0-13 mm. long, subtended by the paivcatan outer pei es a ge very short, Sele lee
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 605
hana with purple; achenes sara striate, pias aac smooth or rugulose ribs, somewhat
narrowed and attenuate above white, 4-6 m
ue stly in loose gravel and sick "ee Alpine Zotie? ra te ne to the Atlantic Ocean and south to Utah
and Nevada, and in the agg States from Washington to = higher peaks of southern California; also eastern
Asia. Type locali Arctic ast “O per-mine River.” July—Aug
; sy pe, from
C. su y the br ith heads borne well above the bas ves. British
Cotuanhie ay Idaho south a Tulare County in the southern Sierra Nevada, California. mat Lecsite: above
Lake Constance, Jefferson County, Washington.
6. Crepis monticola Coville. Mountain Hawksbeard. Fig. 6054.
Crepts occidentalis var. crinata A. Gray, Bot. Calif. 1: 435. 1876, in part.
Crepis monticola Coville, ee U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 562. pi. 22. 1896,
Perennial, stems 1.3-3. é ws high, from a simple or 1-forked caudex and a s
Fee hong near the base, spar and den
leaves 10-20 cm. long, pinna atifid eit rather tt Be angular, dentate lobes, atten a broadly
winged betiols the sae -leaves every gradually reduced above and becomi ng os div ided, eiuiie,
what i the pubescence of the leaves like that of the stems; i inflor res-
of 4-20 he At the seh ads 16-20-flowered; involucre campanulate, densely hirsute with long
ppc om hairs ; phyllar s 18-24 m Spee sak e inner lanceolate, attenuate at the apex, the i
fe) eed lanceolate to linear; achenes 5.5-9 m
he pappus
t woody root
Ope Arid T sectiens Zone; Swshkiet: oR and Lake Counties, Dremiais ig in the Coast
eunges wee County, California, and Mount Hamilton, Santa Clara Count - nd fro
A oc County south
to rag County. Type locality: Yreka, Siskiyou County, California. May-
6050. Crepis capillaris
6051. Crepis setosa
6052. ees vesicaria
6053. Crepis nana
606 COMPOSITAE
7. Crepis occidentalis Nutt. Western Hawksbeard. Fig. 6055.
Crepis occidentalis Nutt. Journ. Acad. Phila. 7: 29. 1834.
Perennial, stems 1-3, fog stly 1-4 dm. high from a somewhat swollen Nae and long slender
root, ‘es stems and leav » witha close dense tomentum. Basal leaves long, variable,
laciniate-dentate to pinnatifd w ith toothed ety ‘the stem-leaves somewhat feduced and sessile;
ads 12- ed
NW
wm
10 mm. long, af ribbed, slightly attenuate at the apex, mostly medium brown, saepaltat t
shorter ore the pus.
Dry rocky ens ie Transition Zone; southeastern Washington south pote: Nevada and northeastern
California heme the east face of the an Nevada to the Mount Pinos region and Bear Valley in the San Ber-
nar 7 va ns; also from Idaho and w n Wyoming south to New ee Type I ocality: “‘on the borders
an the Wicinity of the river Columbia. , timid: Bd id hers May—Jul
is occidentalis ra costata (A. Gray) Babe. & Stebbins, Ciriveiss Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 504: 124.
1938" “Ct repis occidentalis var. costata A. Gray, Bot. Calif, 1: 435. 1876; C. grandifolia Greene, Pittonia 3: 107.
1896.) Stems —4 reaps Bah involucres, peduncles, and usually the upper cauline leaves with conspicuous, dark
Garey pate). gland. Seped setae; gare ory rather narrow, of 15-30 heads, the heads 10—14-flowered, usually
= I 8 in phyllaries. Gravel y or ro open slopes and flats; common from British Columbia southward,
the Ca Bite Mountains, to motthark: California and east to South Dakota. Type locality: Stansbury Island,
Peng pe Lake, Utah.
repis occidentalis f Sueae. poets (Rydb.) Babe. & Stebbins, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 504: 128.
3 (Crepis pumila Rydb m: N.Y. Bot. Gard. 1: Re a 0.) Stems 1-4 dm. high, Prag 8 above,
glandular pene eoeeeerety See ie heads few to many, 1 0-flowered, the inner phyllar Rocky open
slopes and flats, ring locally in the mountains of ti ble x iA and eastern Washingtin io more com-
mon in Nevada, teas ae rn | pote California as far south as Kern and Ventura Counties. Type locality:
Bridger Mountains, Montan
repis occidentalis oe sp. conjuncta (Jepson) Babe. & Stebbins, Carnegie Inst. Wash, Pub. No. 504: 134.
1938. (Crepis ses Sen var. fouivacta Jepson ex mers * Sg trig, (oc. cit. : (Ge porienigec var. nevadensis
Kell. Proc. Serer Acad. 5:50. 1873, in part.) Stems 0.5—2 high, branched from near the base, the cg ches
Counties, Oregon, and the mountains of adjacent California south to Mendocino County, and souk A n the Sierr:
Nevada _to Placer County; also southeastern Washington and wtheecatet? gr pioac Type aeality: Cisco,
Placer County, California
8. Crepis bakeri Greene. Baker’s Hawksbeard. Fig. 6056.
Crepis bakeri Greene, Erythea 3: 73. 1895.
ennial, stems 0.8-3 dm. high Ries a Sety ine ex and slender fee pom
reddis
also glandular, the stem-leaves few, reduced above, sessile; inflorescences ds, the
eads large, 11-40-flowered, on stout peduncles; involucres 11-20 mm. high, vhroadle cylindric to
cyathiform, dark green; inner phyllaries 10-14, lanceolate, sparsely toatl entose and cons es Vv
to irds i
- a.
mm. long, slightly contracted at the a pet 13-ribbed, yellowish to dark brown, ‘ie. pappus
about equalling to a aa — than 1 ac hen
Rocky slop rid Transition Zone; wakes Washington in Klickitat and Kittitas Counties;
outhern Draka in Cake, ghee od “Josephine ig ooret in California south in the Coast Ranges to Mendo-
cino ty a Pe oy in eastern California from Cou o Placer County. Type locality: Egg Lake, Modoc
oun
bakeri uae cusickii (Eastw.) Babe. & Stebbins, epeste Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 504: 140. 1938.
oat se ‘sick Eastw. ae oye Club 30: ae 1903.) Di ig g from C. baher. rscrong” Sobers in having
involucres 10-14 mm. long in flower. 13-17 m * ve in fruit, the p: s 6-9 mm. long, and
achen atten mel at the Be rather than ‘ef seresty bisected: Lake and Jackson Uatiaicn, Gran, — to
Siskiyou and Lassen Counties, California. Type locality: 15 miles east of Ashiand, Jackson County, Oregon
9. Crepis eee Greene. Low Hawksbeard. Fig. 6057.
oo eeaggelst da Greene Jey 1895.
ovi ille, Con r-U.S. tate Herb. $2565. pl. 24. 1896.
erennials, rcs 1 to several, rather slender, 0.5-4 dm. high, from a simple or 2-4-forked
caudex and woody root, sparsely leafy, branching above, glabrate to tomentulose and bear-
ing stiff sella setae. Basal leaves narrowly elliptic in outline and deeply pinnatifid or bipin-
natifid, the segments acute; stem-leaves sessile, less divided, glabrate or tomentulose but bearing
some stiff yellowish setae on the is; inflorescence of 1-8 heads, the heads 10-60-flowered ;
involucre cylindric-campanulate, the phyllaries 13-16 mm. long, i ther | ire beset throughout
with stiff black setae; achenes 7-12 mm. long, som ewhat striate to nearly smooth, dark, greenish
black to reddish brown, mostly oT the pappus in length.
Sagebrush slopes a Arid Transition and Canadian Zones; Montana to British Columbia south-
ward, east of the Camtede ¢ Mountains ios one — ad Washingt ging to northeastern California and east to Colorado.
Type loc ssa lava beds, y, Califor
= odocensis Ae i bia (Kell, Babe. ie meee. Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. ima ie.
1938. (Crepis occidentalis yvar.- Subacerts Kell. Proc. Calif. sap i 50. 38745 og . occidentalis var. nevaden
Kell. loc. cit.) Stout stems 6-20 c high branching from e base; setae of stem and petiole straight
an a a involucres sparsely heset with black setae, oe se Rapes 7 A 0.13.5 mm. long, than
eq the achenes, which a rede rk, re or less brownish, and not on all beaked.
atom places, greet r Mountains. Take sg ot Oregon, south t Bearaid County, California, and also in
the pate Bernardin no Mou Type locality: Cisco, Plac r Cou unty, Californ
s modocensis Sigel (Cov.) Pele, & Stebhine, Carnegie tisk Wash. Pub. No. 504: 152. 1938.
{Ci Se dy i usivate Coville, cone U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 564. pi. 25. 1896; C. occidentalis var. crinita A. Gray, Bot.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 607
if. 1: 435. 1876, in part.) Stems 1.5-3 dm, high, rather stout, densely covered with c
or tomentulose; involucres 14-17 mm. high; i
pappus- ee a 10 mm. long, shorter than i da
lumbia sout to Klickitat york bil ery ioe Type locality: n Crab
ashington.
Crepis Oca ensis subsp glareésa (Piper) Babc. & Stebbins, Carnegie Inst. wie ae fa) 2 ee te:
1938. ( vars glareosa Bag ssi! yo Saal — 28: 42. 1901.) Stems 0.6—1.3 dm. high, tomentulose, the whitish
crisped setae lacking o arly so; 5 anaes s 11-13 mm. high, the phyllaries hirsute with whiti
pappus- printies shorter “than the “ore
itish crisped setae;
nish oe yellowish ream which are attenuate at the apex. Known only
from the type locality at Riconane: “Kittitas County, Washington
10. Crepis acuminata Nutt. Long-leaved Hawksbeard. Fig. 6058.
Crepis acuminata Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 437. 1841.
Perennial, 2-7 dm. high, stems 1-3 from a swollen, 2-3-forked caudex and woody, deep-seated
root, stout, tomentose at least at the base. Basal leaves 1 cm. long, pinnatifid with rather even
lanceolate lobes, attenuate into a stout, narrow-winged petiole, densely to sparsely canescent-
e€ ile, reduced above; inflorescences with mig fe hea x oe heads
flowered, the peduncles short and slender; involucres 9-1 ong, cyli c-cam-
anulat te; inner eS 5- lanceolate, glabrous or tomentulose, the outer cieviiaties 87 ing ceo-
Eas, deltoid, mostly 1-3 mm. long; achenes 5.5-9 mm. long, aa 12-ribbed, pale yellow or brown-
ish, equaling the iy Ae
Dry ope ces, Arid Transition Zone; eastern Washington. southward to the mountains of southern Cali-
fornia, cast to rnatews and south to northern Arizona and New Mexico. Type locality: ‘‘Plains of the Platte.”
ay—Aug
FSC, bee:
a
608 COMPOSITAE
oe wes lag nae 1% ice Naked-stemmed Hawksbeard. Fig. 6059.
ay, Proc. Amer. Acad. 17: 221. 1882.
pies witermeiie ar ae se rpa A. Gray, ee Fl. N. Amer, 1°: 432. 1884.
Crepis acuminata var. pleurocarpa Jepson, Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 1011. 1925.
al, stems mostly 2-4 dm. high, from a simple or 1- forked, thickened caudex
Cr
form base, the stem-leaves very few, sessile, much reduced abov e; inflorescences mostly f 15-3
heads, the wine sma au 12-flowered ; involucre land. -campanulate, 8-16 m ong, the phyl-
laries densely fl tomentulose, the midportion at, Ral ote. ‘glabrate ; inner phytare
mostly 5(6-8), certie a ith scarious nape fete r 5-6, 1.5-4 mm. long; achenes 5-8
long, 10-ribbed, dark brown, shorter than the p
In forests or on rocky slopes, goals Arid Trans sh ion goede Curry County to Douglas County, Oregon, and
the mountains in adjacent California south to Lake ‘County: oid Wosstebne Mountains in central Washington.
Type locality: heateaters of the ' Sareaheauis River. Collected by Pringle. June—Aug.
12. Crepis atribarba Heller. Slender Hawksbeard. Fig. 6060.
Crepis occidentalis var. gracilis D. C, Eaton, Bot. = Expl. 203. 1871, in part.
Crepis atribarba Heller, Bull. Torrey Club eo 314. 1899,
Crepis gracilis Rydb. Mem. N.Y. Bot. Gard. 1: “461. 1900. Not. Hook f. & Thoms. 1876.
Crepis exilis Osterh. Muhlenbergia 1: 142. 19 n part.
Crepis atribarba subsp. typica Babe. fat Erba Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 504; Suppl. 1939.
eoeonis, stems 1.5-3.5 dm. high, rather slender, 1 or 2 from a simple or 1-forked caudex
and slender woody root, usually branched at or above ‘the middle, ericishitemieheuition, becoming
glabrate. Basal leave wis cm. long, pinnatifid, with lanceolate attenuate lobes; stem-leaves
similar, pew aes ced i e, pubescence like the stems; inflorescences of 3-18 heads, the
heads up to 65-flowered; cine Ke oun campanulate, canescent-tomentulose to glabrate ;
phyllaries 14 mm. long, lanceo late, the inner and sometimes the outer with black glandless — :
achene m. long, rather strongly pitied. mostly greenish, about equaling the pappus
Grassy open places and in yellow pine forests, Arid Transition Zone; common from British Columbia to
: Montana south : o Colorado, Utah, Nevada, and central Oregon. Type locality : Lake Waha, Nez Perces County,
daho. May-—
s atribarba subsp. originalis Babc. & Stebbins, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 504; Suppl. 1939.
(Crepis a ocladuialis var. gracilis oa Eaton, ore Pray | Expl, 203. 1871, in part; C. ag eth Rydb. em.
Bot. Gard. 1: 461. 1900, Not Hook. f. & Thoms. 6; C. exilis subsp. originalis Babe. & Stebbins , Carnegie Inst.
Wash. Pub. No. 504: 162. 1938.) Stem ~ a 3.5-7 dm. high; leaves pinnatifid with linear falcate divisions
and groaned glabrate; heads 10-40 n inflorescence, ie flowered; pie aries nearly or completely without
setae. Grassy slopes, mostly at lauae pewwtions than the Keon bod and less common in the Rocky Mo ai
ein Ty Semcebhe Columbia to Montana south to Utah, Nevada, and c vee Oregon. Type locality: near Hedle
Brit
13. Crepis intermédia A. Gray. Intermediate Hawksbeard. Fig. 6061.
Crepis intermedia A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 12: 432. 1884
epts acuminata var. duterieedin ral Man. FI. Pl. Calif. 101 1.51925,
Perennial, 3-7 dm. high, stems 1-2 — a swollen, simple or 1-forked caudex and woody,
deep- Denier root, rather stout, senda at or above the middle, more or less canescent-tomentose.
Basal leaves 15-40 cm. ong, pinnatifid, the janeeeiate lobes entire or dentate, narrowed below into
i i th -leav i e;
ostl ;
involucre cylindric-campanulate, 16 mm. long, canescent, glabrous, sometimes with a few g _—
less setae; inner phyllaries 7-8, lanceolate, outer ba dae 6-8, lanceolate-deltoid, one-fift
one-third as ode * as the inner ; achenes 5.5-9 mm. long, 10-12-ribbed, vellowinh to brown, toceer
than ae e€ pappu
In forests aoe open places, Canadian Zone to Arid Transiti Zone; eastern Washington south to Inyo
cated hy B Caltornia also southern Alberta to Colorado, northern falsiia 5 ates) New Mexico, Type Seaiie: in aa
cated ne (Univ. Calif. Pub. Bot. 22: 601. 1947) as Yosemite Valley, based upon a collection of Bolander.
14. Crepis barbigera Leiberg ex Coville. Bearded Hawksbeard. Fig. 6062.
Crepis barbigera Leiberg ex Coville, ae U.S. Nat. Herb. 3: 565. 1896,
Perennial, stems 1 to several, 2-8 dm. high, from a swollen, simple or 1-2-forked caudex and
rather yomerg woody root, mostly branched above the middle, the herbage ae to a
soately ee stout, often with yellow or greenish, nonglandular setae. Basal lea 1-4 a lon
pinn
bipinnately toot q or parted, the lobes acute or acuminate, tapering Tbe low 7 yas.
narrow, pind petiole, the cauline leaves few, similar, encarta length, the estnoet pas rag :
infloresc of about 7-30 heads, the heads 8-25-flowered ; jeavabier re cylindric, with spreading
veclicuiel seta ue oapecqgar ge ge phyllaries say ee - lon ng, Lissette acute, the outer less
than e length of the inner, similar outline; achenes 6.5-10 m ae a gly
ri , oblon: a with a broad soa olive- -green : a i sHightly — hats ‘the
Dry open places, Arid Transition Zone; eastern Washington east to northern Idaho and — to ee
County, eastern Oregon. Type locality: Alkal i Lake, Douglas County, Washington. June—July.
SUNFLOWER FAMILY
bt?”
tev GEC
. Crepis pleurocarpa
. Crepis stan:
6062. Crepis barbigero
6063. Crepis runcinata
609
610 COMPOSITAE
15. Crepis runcinata subsp. hispidulésa Fig, Coed Babe. & Stebbins.
Meadow Hawksbeard.
Crepis ial apt bree Pittonia 3: 27. 1896
tspidulosa avant x Rydb., — N.Y. Bot. Gard. 1: 461. 1900.
leolat e, Leaflets Bot. Obs. 2:
G venie pallens eeoeag on: cit.
Crepis runcinata subsp. hispidulosa (Howell) Babe. & Stebbins, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 504: 96. 1938,
Perennial, stems 1-3 from a swollen, simple or 1-forked, thickened caudex and a fleshy root,
usually 2.5-5 dm. high, glabrous or glandular-hispid. Basal leaves obovate, rounded at the apex,
6-25 cm. long, cm. wide, the margin toothed toward the base, dentate above; cauline leaves
redu ved o bracts; inflorescences of 10-30 heads, the heads 20-50-flowered; involucre 8-12 mm.
high, campantlate phyllaries linear-lanceolate, acute, more or less glandular- hispid, the outer few
and short, much shorter than the yee ee .5=5 mm. long, light to dark brown, mostly
10-tibbed, narrowed but not eernrs. ait us 4-8 mm. lon
regpey moist alkaline mea Arid Trans sata tibem ses pee and Oregon in the Svat
Stat also Montana, Idaho, Gis. so northern Utah. Type locality: base of Steen Mountains, Harn
County Oregon. June—Jul
is runcinata tehap . imbricata Babe. & Sethian, Kosuegie Hr Wash. Pub. No. 504: 102. 1938. rea
Oregon soc to ilk and Rad Canuaea Nevada. Type locality: Alvor d Valle ey, Moree antes regon
is runcinata subsp. andersonii (A. Gray) Babc. & Stebbins, Carnegie Inst. Wash. Pub. No. 504: 104.
1938. repis andersonti A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. 6: Joa: reo — Dearie 6-20 heads; basal leaves
ke imbricata; phyllaries attenuate at the apex, the inner 13-2 ; achenes 6—8 mm. long, more
oa tebe strongly beake d. Alkaline ee Sierra County, California, pe iH aoe Ormsby, and Esmeralda
gee Bhd ae Type locality: Carson City, Ormsby County, Nevada.
nata subsp. hallii Babe. & Stebbins, pain, Inst. Mera ib. No.
es 6.5
leaves pee ca eads of yellow Beers "alaaty at the ends ed holl In-
volucre shone. or campanulate, its inner phyllaries in 1 series, slightly united at base and
often corniculat h , the r in several series of shorter, somewhat erect,
reflexed or spreading ones. Recep at, naked; ligules yellow (in ours), truncate,
5-tooth t the mit. Anthers sagittate at the base; style-branches slender, obtuse.
Achenes oblong or linear-fusiform, -angled, 5-10-nerved, roughened or spinulose at
least above, tapering into a slender beak. Pa appus of many unequal, filiform, persistent
eae [Name from the Greek, meaning to stir up, alluding to medical virt
enetically complex genus of f= erhaps 50 or 60 species, though many more have been descr ibed; occurring
in << = =a New Worlds and in both the northern and southern hemispheres. Type species, Taraxacum offi-
cinale
Only Tinnited synonymy is shown for the taxa given below. For a more — oe of the taxa described
see: a iorete der Gattung Taraxacum, Handel-Mazzetti, 190 7; North - n Species of Taraxacum, Sherff,
Bot. Gaz. 70: 329-359, 1920; and various papers by Haglund and Dahlste
Introduced, widespread, weedy species; outer phyllaries reflexed to spreading (often less so in T. laevigatum).
Leaves usually not deeply grimconley the terminal lobe larger than the lateral ones; inner peak scarcely
or not at all corniculate. 1. T. officin
Leaves usually deeply fy cornicalate the terminal lobe scarcely or not larger than the ere pat inne phyl-
y cornicu. aevigatu
Nati e M4 Fe EK | a
Svleenes brown, olive-brown, or stramin neous en ripe, obscurely quadrangular
Inner phyllaries mostly peeelate; plants circumboreal in mountains of ‘Washington Oregon, and prob:
ably northern Californ eo ceratophorum.
Inner phyllaries seldom if at a corniculate; plants of southern California 5 aah :
4. T. californicum.
Achenes red or reddish brown when ripe, mostly sharply quadrangular. 5. T. eriophorum.
1. Taraxacum officinale Weber. Common Dandelion. Fig. 6064.
eontod. L. Sp. Pl. 798. 1753
ah. — Leontedo fee Lam. FI. Franc. 2: 113. 1778.
} acum officinale Weber in Wiggers, Prim. Fl, Holst. 56, 1780.
ey psd cadeee dens-leonis Desf. Fl. Atlantica 2: 228. 1799.
Taraxacum palustre var. vulgare Fernald, Rhodora 35: 380. 1933.
thick and deep. Leaves oblong to spatulate in outline, pinnatifid, sinuate-dentate ot
arid nearly entire, usually with a large terminal , 1-3 dm. long, 2-5 cm. wide, glabrous or
ent ; scapes usually several, 540 cm. high ; heads solitary, .2.5-5 cm. broad, with numerous
Coton flowers ; i inner pis ttasiee es erect, linear to linear-lanceolate, maney way fasion ; outer phyl-
in auihe but shorter and refle xed ; sates tee ed cee rown, - orm, spinulose
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 611
Fields, roadsides, and lawns; naturalized from Europe; Alaska to southern Coitornts. well established in the
Pacific States as well as in the eastern states. Native of the Old World. Ma: ay—Oct
2. Taraxacum peak tien (Willd.) DC. Red-seeded Dandelion. Fig. 6065.
rae neste laevigatus Willd. Sp. Pl. 3: 1546.
raxacum laevigatum DC. Cat. Hort. t. Monsp. 149. 18
axracum erythrospermum Andrz. ex Bess. Enum. Ag neat 75. 1822;
and general habit similar to the prec ceding species. Leaves deeply Lap a Speers
usually long- agabints , the
°
5
¥4
|
=]
ro)
oo
o
Se
I
O-
o.. 3
= Bo
o
328.
ae
~
oo
oO
S
=
4
et ©
+s
f=}
9
a
=
> oO
i
*'3
>
BR
oO.
s ro :
many-flowered, pas dosh roa a involucral phyllaries glaucous, spe outer spreadin ng or somewhat
reflexed, wy ay at attenuate, the inner linear, 7-10 mm. long, erect, each usually corniculate just
below the tip; flowers sulphur-yellow or the outer usually mec dor He achenes red or red-
dish brown, rather te ribbed msi Jokela omen spinulose above, the beak slender, not over
twice the leng th of the body; pappus 4-7 mm. long, rather dull white
Fields and dooryards; naturalized aa Europe ra = common in the Pacific States than T. officinale;
common hiouphase ‘the United States. Ma ay—Oct
3. Taraxacum ceratOphorum (Ledeb.) DC. Horned Dandelion. Fig. 6066.
pete a fee aoa Ledeb. Ic. Pl. Ross. 1: 9. pl. 34. 1829.
Taraxacum ceratophorum DC, Prod. 7: 146. 1838.
halos oe M. E. Peck, Madrojfio 5: 247. 1940.
Roo k, blackish on the surface. Leaves procumbent, ascending, sf —_ ene or
ate * dents te or often retrorsely psa or lobed, glabrous ; scapes s long as the
leaves (short r in flower), w fs exceeding them uit; outer p hyllaries erett ceoeate rnaclate
to ovate, glabrous or villous; inner ipliylkaties tinenY lanieolae te, 10-12 mm. long, dei distinctly
weed ib cok at apex, dare f oh ec scarious-margined ; rays s well exserted, purple-veined ; achenes
stra us or brown, pr rominenty muricate above the middle, the beak as long as or npsepars ing the
Bode: aes hits, 5-6 mm. lon
and meadows, Seceet stag circumboreal southward in the mountains from Alaska to northern Cali
Banks
fornia; also Rocky Mountains and eastern United States. Type locality: Kamchatka. June—Oct.
Taraxacum lyratum ine aha DEC, er 7: 148. 1838. (Leontodon lyratus Ledeb. Fl. Alt. 4: 152, 1833.)
e her
nd
“wt OL
\
6064, T. pie ae ee 6065. Taraxacum laevigatum
612 COMPOSITAE
4. Taraxacum californicum Munz & Jtn. California Dandelion. Fig. 6067.
Taraxacum californicum Munz. & Jtn. Bull. etalon — $22/227.. 1925.
Taraxacum ce mene nerne var. peices n. Fl. Pl. Calif. 1004, 1925.
Root thick and dark, the crown sim Lil or sometimes divided into 2 short Crown, the herbage
glabrous. pee asce ending o or widely spreading, bine mero , 5-12 cm. long, 1-3 cm. wide, obtuse
to acutish, subentire to sinuate, dentate, rarely i aa incised, ls vhs ous and maid green; scape
solitary to several, ascending, longer than the Pilea in fruit, labrou ; involucres broadly cylindric,
high, nearly truncate at base; inner phyllaries ae “or corniculate ly obscurely
so; outer phyllaries ovate-lanceolate, barely half as long as the inner, glab flow ellow,
erect or nearly so, 2-3 mm. longer than the involucre; achenes light brown, abou mm. pene
c
rugose below, dial ie above, abruptly attenuate into the beak, this 7-9 mm. lon
pappus white m. lon
Moi ey Arid Transition it Canadian Zones; San Bernardino Mountains, i Bernardino County,
ieitliets "California: Type locality: Bear Valley, San Bernardino Mountains Jun e—Aug
5. Taraxacum acai Rydb. Rocky Mountain Dandelion. Fig. 6068.
Taraxacum ores Rydb. Mem Bot. Gard. 1: 454. 1900.
Taraxacum olympicum G. N, Jones, 2. Wash. Pub. Bot. 5: 263. 1936.
Perennial, saras esembling T. ceratophorum in growt a habit, and leaves; inner phyllaries
usually not ociéenlon; outer phyllaries and summit of scape with some woolly hairs; achenes
red bs apo brown at maturity, sharply quadrangular
Boreal Zone; Alaska, the Olympic Mountains in Washington, Montana, and Wyoming.
Type k Secalay: matey eg Madison County, Montana. May—Sep
176. LAPRANA I, Sp-Pi, Sl, 1753,
Ann
Ssacaise Involucre ra ie the bracts erect in 1 series ses few minute outer ones
at base. Corolla yellow. Achenes oblong-obovoid, rounded at x, 20-30-nerved. Pappu
a Receptacle naked. ncient Greek name of obscure aera on. |]
n Old World genus of 9 species. Type species, Lapsana communis L
1. Lapsana comminis L. Nipplewort. Fig. 6069.
Lapsana communis L, Sp. Pl. 811. 1753.
Ste — below, ie sag — from the annual root, branching aceon above, 3-10 dm
high, aiake s above, m r less villous-hirsute below and sometim s glandular. Lower leaves
ovate or deltoid. ovate, 3-5 ¢ cm. lene ‘a. pubescent or glabrate ; ek cles often as long as or longer
NYS a, hig ei
=< bpd’.
6067. Taraxacum californicum
SUNFLOWER FAMILY 613
ee the blade, often with 2 to several lateral lobes ; rap leaves often deltoid or agonal eres
h shorter winged petioles or nearly sessile; hea ads slender peduncles, usually n ous ; in-
be rang cyli oa ric, 4-6 oe . hi one with about 8 aripcival clotaiies bia a ae all outer
ones at base, these erect in fru
ostly in ane sean stations Lehane wed ee eae Ee — og dl bac grado sey —
of the Cascade Mou to Oregon and south a the coast in California to San o County; also
the eastern United States. Wate “rom Eurasia. i ud or
. shoheaaites axim. Bull. Acad. St. Pétersb. 18: 288. 1873. A eeerens. poreregt stemmed annual
Gay of the mature heads divaricately spreading. A native of Japan, grow a ground cover on
se berg Mataua County, Orego:
ee =
Wages
\h Ae
6068
6068. Taraxacum eriophorum 6069. Lap nis
xy aa P ti? cy 4 z j* s
Ks ? » ra bag 3 ‘ ‘ : 2s + ‘ + ¥jpit 4 SL3thav
$ pe Be | i eee Sar DV
: ’ 7 a i { z Ee “ iw £ 7 a eee
ee & 5 axe Sup ee SF Gist ee
Rees Sree ; - ; eeie act ‘
fare , : ni ‘ ’
Hal Ae. i yee : j u E "ad
“ 4 ; %
= VES
’
#4
z
{
E 2
7 ie
ba ire aiahes =
Prenat Sekt
ornia; flowers — in globose c
120. Loganiaceae 3: 350.
Herbs a if — Og fen bce Turricula), not as
in the precedi
‘Sat oe. wen present opposite (except Ver-
um
Capsule 1-celled; stamens 4 or 5.
121. Gentianaceae 3: 350.
Capsule 2-celled; stamens 2 or 4 (5 in Ver-
bascum).
136. oe 3: 686.
Stem-leaves al
— aka — the base, the sepals distinct.
APPENDIX 623
Flowers mostly solitary, sessile or pedi-
— te IM tue tear-advlio, Margin Of
rollas aoe or nearly so (ex-
ae t Cre.
126. Pcietrulaceee 3:
Inflorescence cymose, the pie usu-
ally coiled; corolla s lobed.
131 ydr ge bo eae 3
Calyx popermees or shor iy ibe agente so in
Fruit a many-seeded berry. 135. Solanaceae 3: 662
Stamens at least twice as many as the corolla- lobes (petals united only at base in some genera).*
Anthers opening by ongituctinal slits; spiny shrubs of California deserts.
129. Fouquieriaceae 3: 474.
Anthers opening by pores or tubes; gone not of the desert.
erbs; bas
corolla-lobes united only at the 112. Pyrolaceae 3: 287.
Mostly shrubs or trees; ie caisraaulen or urceolate (lobes nearly free in Clado-
thamnus, Ledum). 4. Ericaceae 3: 297
Corolla irregular, bilabiate or spurred, with lobes obviously unequal.t
Fruit 10-25 cm. long.
capsule ee membranous. 137. Bignoniaceae 4
Herbs, introduced, or ‘indi igenou the desert; capsule woody beneath the deciduous exocarp,
the persistent style ailing pr 2 curved horns. 138. Mar astyainces
F t than 2 cm. long.
Plants th with dissected leaves bearing minute bladders (except ae one re Pres bogs, with
tire ~~ leaves) 140. Lentibulariaceae 4: 1
Plants ad aqua’
Fruit a conse abruptly narrowed basally and be lgare glare Abe ir elastically dehiscing;
t 13.
Fruit if a t dehi i =) nor riarrowe cy
Fruit of. 2-4 nutlets; wail: genera wit matic herbage.
Ovary 2-celled with 2 nutlets; oi cone (Phyla, Aloysia).
133. Verbenaceae 3: 609
Ovary —— and -lobed with 4 nutlets; style eric 3 Pies depresnions between
the ovary lobes 34. Men e (Labiatae) 3: 614.
Fruit a several- vs many- seeded capsule, opening by a or pace
136. Scrophulariaceae 3: 686.
Ovary = aig (partially so in Styracaceae).
Stamens 10; errer: shrubs ae nut- Seay 1-seeded fruits. 118. Styracaceae 3: 345.
Siasiens 2-5; if shrubs the fruit other
Stamen res ‘ead S opposite Mistake in Campanuloideae).
tipules always present (leaf-like in Galium, the saves Ye me segretins whorled).
ubiaceae 4: 22.
Stipules mig (except Sambucus in Caprifoliaceae).
Fru ry, gh or often modified achene (dry, 3-celled, 1-seeded fruit in Linnaea).
rubs or woody es joes a creeping ga Pee en her
- baectiallaians 4: 42.
Perennial or annual herb:
Flowers irregular, Pit tube usually spurred 3 gibbous.
145. Valerianaceae 4: 56.
6. Di ipsacaceae 4:
Fruit a capsule, dehiscing by valve-like openings “ _cpliting between a sibs (Campanu-
loideae). . Campanulaceae 4: 7.
Stamens with. either filaments dus i or both parts ieee or partially fused; eae alternate
letely basal in eee itae).
Individual towers small, a into a h
volucre; the whole appearing flower- ike * salt oe
149. Campesitact 4:98.
sect ae in heads not aggregated as in the sarees penete prese:
uicy berry; stamens opening by pore Gaultheri ith ogee f calyx).
Soa ciaiacies e326,
Fruit capsular or a dry berry (pepo) either indehiscent or rupturing auksee stamens
ope
Ti 1
&
.
—_ aoe subtended by a calyx-like
ning by slits.
Flowers monoecious or dioecious, regular ape ae’ parted in Marah); vines with
ten . Cucurbitaceae 4: 65.
Flowers pittect: irregular; herbs ida.
148. Campanulaceae 4: 72.
* See Choripetalae for genera with petals cohering at the base in Crassulaceae, Oxalidaceae, Mimosaceae,
Malvaceae.
+ See Choripetalae for genera with petals partly united in Fumariaceae, Fabaceae, Polygalaceae, Krameria-
ceae.
t Marginal flowers of the heads often with colored rays, as in sunflower and daisy, or all flowers of the
heads bearing such appendages, as in da ndelion, or all flowers without such appendages, as in thistle; corolla
vestigial in e Ambrosiinae).
; Sebi :
<= :
3 ‘
Cee at ¥ :
ah $f aoe Nie Hl ETA | ’
tee © ae ere TS oe Per Tartan : i
ie nu » | 7
pirat tes Ges ae
i
US ene SE OSs, Gin & | | ie | : |
| Ss ee ada
io eS ahead
J : * Fens *
| | * ’ iD
rs ‘ : Lal ‘ ie | *
Sb oe * ri :
os AS Ochs a ess oa
y angrier + Pe e
Sgt ew
ao ea
{82
‘ Seale
$ eter rias
my
Abrojo
California, ITI, 61
Gray, III, 61
Spiny, III, 61
Abronia
Alpine, u Sir
Beach, I
Co ville’ s wal
li, -1d
a Sa a 8 Pe
oney- ‘scented II, 108
Mojave, II, 11
Red, II, 1 10
Transmontane, II, 111
ee Dwarf,
III,
Acacia, oe a sb 475
Acaena, Califor
I
Acalypha, California,
Tfi,.2
Pisce FAMILY,
TVj44
eo s- aeage:
Fam
Adder’ s ah I,2
“California, ns Pia
neg
ae
Adelphia, aacads:
pe
—— III, 6
Small-leaved, mt 626
1, 1V, 566
arge- flowered:
IV, 565
Orange-flowered,
Seaside, IV, 566
Short-beaked, IV 562
re chee TV, 565
Tall, lV, 564
Agrimony, Tall Hairy,
Tf;
Ajamete, III, 378
Alder
Red, i Ree
Sitk:
de I, 514
Wavy-leaved, I, 513
peeiaits a 541
All-heal, IV, 56
Allon, “+d 104
locarya
Adobe, ITI, 561
—<— IT, 565
Slender, III, 567
oth-stemmed,
62
Stipitate, a 563
All-se I, 86
Aloysia, “Wei S;
III, 6
Alum er II, 381
AMARANTH FAMILY,
as seh
Amaranth
Catarsta: II, 99
Fringed, II, 99
Green, II, 98
a II,9
AMARYLLIS eases
I, 459
Amblyopappus, IV, 248
Ammannia, Long
leaved, II, 165
Ammi, Toothpick,
III, 230
le,
= eee I, 414
Amsinckia
Doula’, oe 604
— ini III, 606
“Shor. caerad: re 367
Woolly, III, 3
y,
‘hechuae kau
541
genera in Roman;
sac
California, III, 337
m, 311.337
II, 337
omens flowered, I, 410
Ane
Desert, II, 19
mmond’s, “ee 191
ieee II, 191
Northern, II, 191
Small- flowered, II, 191
Western Wood,
191
III, 378
Pil AMILY, II, 469
Cside: i225
Divaricate, I, 125
Purple, I,
Reverchon’s, E427
Schiede’s, I, 125
ede’
oe I, 427
epedtiedka: IV, 420
Heart-leaved, IV, 424
i IV, 422
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
[Families in SMALL CAPITALS; Roman numerals refer to volume numbers.]
Arrow-grass
Mar. rp I, oe
Seaside, I, 9
ames ribbed I, 96
Arrow-hea
Aru Suaved I, 101
Broad-leaved, I, 101
Arrow- leaf, Iv, 498
Arrow-weed, IV, 466
Arti ches ke
Ga rden, IV, 513
Pe M FamIcty, I, 345
Apisonds 118 347
California Flowering,
Dwarf, III, 347
Fringe-flowered,
Foothill, III, 347
Oregon, III, 346
-IV,3
reese ccd iV, 3
— California,
hac IV, 341
6
32
326
En nti leaved, EV 313
Geyer’s, IV, 316
Gorman’s, IV, 3
Great Nor ie:
IV, 314
Greata’ . IV, 316
Hall’s, , 319
Heath- ee L¥vS22"
, 1V, 334
Kicks IV, 326
IV 333
a 1 , 328
Leafy, IV, 318
Little Gray, IV, 322
Long-leaved, IV, 320
Marsh, IV, 316
Rough- oe
iV
San Se ty
TV, 322
Shasta, IV, 334
Showy, IV, 313
Siskiyou Rayless,
V3
Athysanus, Dwarf,
II, 298
Avens
Bell-shaped, II, 449
Drummond’s Moun-
tain, II, 44
rge-leaved, II, 447
1
Awlwort, Water,
Pancha 57
eed, II, 6
Avena, Tit; ve
Azalea, Western,
oy "309
Azolla, Fern-like, I, 35
errd Blue-eyes,
482
Baby s —— IV, 32
Bace
~_ i , 384
Desert, IV, 384
Douglas’, 1V, 386
mory, IV
Plummer, IV, 384
Salt Mars ;
IV, 215
Small-rayed, IV, 216
Southern, IV, 218
Woolly, IV, 216
Dissected, IV, 221
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
New Mexico, IV, 222
Balm
nae EEE se
emon, IIT
contain i 4
Balsam-apple, Wild
IV
Balsa
Arrow eae pels 106
California, IV, sn
arey’s, IV,
Deltoid, IV, “9?
Hairy, I
ooker’s, IV,
Serrated, IV, 110
Silvery, IV, 108
Woolly, IV, 109
Baneberry, Western
Red, II, 178
Saweene FAMILy,
II, 216
Barley
Little, I, 245
the as 3
Bar satan lil, 73
Bartonia ie Iden
III,
Batis Bou II,.114
oth ating I, 58
BayBErRRY FAMILY,
Bean caper, Rectan
Ill, 7
Bearberry, Red, III, 312
Bear Brush, III, 287
Beard-tongue
a, IV, "35
Matthews’, IV, 40
ey
s, 1V,4
st ‘tae ne 34
Rothrock’s, IV,
mover fruited ea
Ply
anta — IV, 34
9 uoia, IV, 37
ge branched,
v3
bie Rough, i ot
TV; 3
Wall IV, oT, 28
llow, IV, 32
Y olla Bolly, IV, 34
BeEEcH Famicy, I, 514
oade: fern (se Fern)
Beet, Common, II, 68
cian be IV, 130
nia, Wild, I IT, 50
5 cpa TEE, 80 2
7
Bequilla, Ii, 562
Bergia, Texas, III, 119
riot Western
Pos
Cuteness II, 474
Oso, II, 469
Salmon, I I], 457
Thimble, II, 455
Besseya, Red, te 800
Big Tree, I, 6
Bic GNONIA ed
1
, 383
os H FaMiny; I, 510
Glandular, ia 511
Low, Western, I, 51
Paper, it sh oR a
$11
a prunes,
Ill
Pointy III, 85
Pallid, III, 856
almate-bracted,
Pringle’s, III, 859
Purple,
Stiffly- branched,
lil, 853
Tight- ——* HEIL, 853
Viscid, I 855
Ya kima, a 859
Birds- on-Nest, ITT, 855
ge WORT
I, 534
Biscuit Root, III, a
hn hop’s Cap, IT, 3
Bis mi ae 4 on
— III, 230
a, Moj jave,
IL 1 159
Bistort, Western, II, 62
135
ieee alec
00
ackbe
yeeros! II, 458
Black-eyed Susan,
IV, 117
BLADDER-NUT FaMILy,
1],.55
ss Double,
TL 286
Oregon Double,
II,
BLADDERWORT FAMILY,
IV,
Bladderwort
Mo untain, ie 12
Blip ing Heart
Few-flowered, II, 234
Pacific, II, 234
Blepharipappus, ee 192
Blo §, EVs
silat pits —
IV,-72
Bluebell
Common Alaska,
soba III, 67
greene IV,8
Large- lowered, 80
eigen
Blue arin
Hernandes, HB om
ou mn, Lit
wered, = vod
Francia eS
Greene’s, II
Large-fowered,
Ill,
ees iruited, Lf, 779
Mrs. Bruce’s, III, 779
Efi,
Small- flowered,
778
pone s, III, 780
ade s III, 780
-flag, Western,
Pacific, z 206
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Piper’s I, 2
Pringle’s, . Ae
San Bernardino, I, 201
0
ss
oO
al
OQ,
gs
bo ¢
Blu
Blue Witch, III, 680
Boe —
Com mI, 1
rare Valley, sy 103
03
W
Bog- eerie aie
— i “a
Boisduv
pe een
III, 180
ea:
III,
Large lowered,
IlRA
Narrow. caved
100 &
Pale, i a
ao ooth, Sy -
andra
gered Ik, 350
ornia, 1, 255
Bouncing Bet, II, 171
phar ne III, 21
Box — California,
H1,5
Bas de III, 45
Boxwood, Oregon,
III, 54
in, II, 3
Round-leaved, II, 352
Bracken, Western,
wee
Bract-scale, II, 82
Bramble
Five-leaved Dwarf,
Hairy-fruited Dwarf,
i,
Snow Dwarf, II, 455
ates IV, 502
California Spear-
leaved, IV, 502
Desert, IV, 504
Greene’s, IV, 506
Gum-leaved, IV, 500
Knapp’s, IV, 501
Large-flowered,
IV, 502
Little-leaved, IV, 504
w-leaved,
IV, 504
Nevin’s, IV, 504
Shrubby, IV, 501
Spear- mai , IV, 502
Sweet, I
Willow- leaved,
Bristleweed
Annual, IV,
Goodding’s, IV, 271
ike, IV, 272
Rush-like, IV
Brittlebush, IV, 123
, 409
Many- Sorenel. I, 409
ban
Bro
Hungarian, = 229
Brooklime, American,
1h?
Brookweed, III, 344
room
California, II, 552
ant Chaparral-,
wy 386
French, IT, 519
an
9
Silky Californix,
L
Turpentine, III, 18
White-flowered,
II, 519
BROOMRAPE FAMILY,
3
Brown Turbans,
IV,
oe Penny,
it
Bucks FAMILY,
III, 3
Bucidean III, 366
Bu
Common, III,
Socsere: III, 66
627
BUCKEYE FAMILY,
tf ee
Buckeye, California,
Ill,
BucKTHORN FamILy,
5
WHEAT ’ FAMILY,
ti a
Buckwheat
Desert, II, 39
Neale Si II, 49
Bis —
ie sh
“California, se agi
G asi
bees sae Utah, acd 350
B
Sour, III, 16
esr fgg one 681
i ads II, 179
False, IT,
seg Hood, II, 179
aie
756
eels ‘weed, Northern,
III, 658
Bugloss, Small, or 541
Bugseed,
11, 90
“Searle III, 756
Utah, III,
sic
can en 4273
River
Ambrosia leaved,
ati: eedeit ae 40
San Die
Woolly- taht
Bur-chervil, HI, 224
Bur-hea
3
BurR-REED Pee thks I, 80
Bur-reed
628
[Bur-reed]
Reoad: fruited, I, 81
Coe 1 ot
Gre s, I, 82
= a leave d, I, 82
Simple- awa I, 82
Small
Bush-cranbe exty; High,
IV;
Butter- yr Eggs,
817
iit, 7
Butter atte
reed © 214
Bloomer’s, II, 203
Cooley’s,
thie a 1, 66. 207
Cursed, II, 210
oe os 210
Desert, II, 211
Eschechol's, ET, 207
Field, II, 205
oe i IT, 208
oy 0
Tai nt 2
eeae caved II, 206
Low. 11,2
Lobb’s Water, fo 214
mate
Prickle- elk ge 205
Pubescent-fruited,
II, 206
Parsh’ efile
Sacramento athe
T, 200
hot oe Se 207
Small-flow red,
Strai sr beaked,
ieee: line, II. 207
Water, II, 214
Waterfall, T2101
ater Plantain,
II, 208
Western, IT, 2
ntact ous a 211
Butterweed
Alkali-marsh, - 438
pin eee
kek IV, 444
Afoceet — 436
asin,
Black-tipped, on ong
Bloch
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Clark’s, IV, 4
Cut- leaved, a 450
ae Atay Age 444
Dwarf Mou
LV. "434
Elmer’s, IV, o
Ni
Mountain-marsh,
IV, 440
Mountain Meadow,
IV, 436
Narroe: leaved,
IV, 434
Olympic, IV, a
Porter's, IV, 4
Puget, IV, on
pe sh aa ibd
Rayless Mountain,
IV, 4
Rocky Mountain,
IV, 4
St Bernardino,
ks ae Obispo,
m
Sweet “marsh, IV, 438
Tall, FV;
Tehachapi. ca 442
Woolly, IV, 442
aes Common,
ai
Button-bush, IV, 24
oe bl 274
Squ 1,255
Wild. nfs
Slender, Th, 255
Yellow Skunk, I, 346
Reker i ILY,
Ill,
cae s
Beaver-tail, es 148
Foxtail, Ill,
izzly Bear, III, 149
Pincushion, III, 162
Saints’,
San Diego Barrel,
Sp 156
meth IIT, 162
Seaside, os 122
Calla
alltanda, “Hairy
ved, I
Calon es 135
Cal
Common, I, 399
Sierra, I, 400
CALTROP als
III, 14
Calton eM 111,46
Calyc
But Oe si “19 .
Dwarf, IV, 1
Freniout, iv. 190
alyptridium
Common, II, 13
Four-petaled, II, 131
Party's, 11,13
Rosy, II,
Camass
ommon, I, 415
Cusick’s, I, 415
Death, I
Rose, II,
Scouler’s, II, 166
Seely’s, II, 1
Canaigre, II, 50
Canbya
an
White, II, 232
Ca
rete ile, FET: 234
False, III, 233
III, 115
Carpet-weed, III, 115
Carrot FamIty,
dia | abe
Carrot, Wild, III, 228
Carved-seed, IV, 582
Large-flowered,
582
ae Sl sap:
a
Armed, II, 479
Castor Bean. U1, 30
Casto pp Plan
IIT, 2
Cate fly
Common, II,
Many- dae 4 160
pes ye wering
ees rooted, Sad 586
Sm hme
Yellow oor
Car TAIL Bice. 1,79
Cat-tail
. leaved, I, 80
eee w-leaved, I, 80
eh
“Calor, 113254
eo ping-leaved,
253
et ade II, 254
Glaucous, II, 257
hie aly podded,
ees oe
Cean
5c ‘ode, one 73
,76
Greenchavied, LE 71
Hairy, TI, 67
et Poe LEE, :75
Island, III, 73
Wavy-le ved, III, 70
Woolly-leaved, III, 67
Ceda
> TIT wane
Weshilagtse: III, 352
Cereus, Golden-spined,
I 153
Chae
iiesee: leaved,
IV, 242
Branching, eae 238
oad-flow
Common Yellow,
IV, 244
Cusick’s, IV, ~
V2
V, 240
Inner Coast Range,
John ey wh 241
Large-flowered,
, 242
Nevins’, IV, 242
Northern Sierra,
, 238
Parish’ s1V;2
Sentelics. TV 2237
Serpe , 1V, 244
Shasta,
Southern Sierra,
V523
Thompson’s, IV, 238
Xantus’, IV,
Chaetadelpha, IV, 568
Winonied IV, 268
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Chaff-bush, IV, 262
Chaffweed, III, 334
S 2 ebatia, Southern,
I, 45
Cae
et f, III, 668
amise
roesow on, II, 4
Thin- leaved. “ aa
Chamomile
Downy: sheathed,
236
suey. 232
Sm og flowered,
Che iis Bloom, a Aig
Cheese-weed, III,
oke, IT,
Holly leave dit, 467
Tudias Ill, 115
pc an II, 143
r Mouse-ear,
hi ry, III; 20
Chinc
Chinese Case: III, 34
ee Houses
Downy-leaved,
TIE: O75
Purple-and-white,
Lit 775
Round-headed,
I
Southern, TL, 775
Chloris, Silky, I, 176
Chlorocrambe, II, 242
Choll e
eee 1;
Parr Bs
Pert olitte: i 15
Pink, II, 1
Prosirate it 5
a 116
t IL-1}
an Francis co, II, 6
pees II, 11
Cor tie
eter IV,
Chuckwalla’s aoa
Chuperosa, IV, 14
II, 43
Viffuse, II, 429
tecnico leaved, II, 434
et II, 438
TI 439
> ionnanw omental...
™
8
ap 5
8 es)
&
3
boon
onl
>
w
o
-lamath, II, 435
629
Many-leaved, II, 435
Marsh, II, 4
Mount Rainier, oe 434
Newberry’s, II,
430
Short- leaved, IT, 435
Shrubby, II, 438
Rage Mater
Slender, i. ie
k
Coenen: ITI, 298
Clam eed, Western,
11, 327
Clarkia
a III, 184
We ir driv 1, 123
Cleavers, IV, 2
Clematis
Chaparral, II, 194
Columbia, IT, 194
Small- feaved, IT, 194
Cleome
Br er eatk a 3°
ee
Short- pedicelled,
Small-flowered: II, 326
Su rf’s, I, 30
Chiff Bush, IT, 387
Clintonia
Red, I, 453
Single-flowered, I, 452
Clotbur, Spiny, IV, 153
to to net RaFe Es
WwW Ww Pad
° g —
a
-
3owl, II,
630
[Clover
yer]
Branched Indian,
TES
Brewer’s, II, 524
hy tT
Ga aero shi Clover,
8 BA Ff)
Gray’s; II, 533
Shag: Il, 526
a — a
ata
Large- edhe IL $27
onterey, ” 534, 535
Mountain, II, 534
Mustang, i 42
—— leaved Sack,
i; 5
Notch: leaved, II, 523
tancheria, IT, 531
ted, IT, 530
hasta, IT, 526
howy Indian, IT, 531
ymall-headed, II, 533
2 ta FAMILY,
I, 43
Clu b-m
Alaskan, 1,45
Bog
Fir, oe
5
Pockic TI, 171
Corn, II, 159
Seared IV, 152
Soke tecas — 63
California, II
Sierra, 111 III, 62
Co
Nuthalls: IIT, 534
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Palmer’s, IIT, 534
Plicate, III, 534
Shr Hert III, 533
Collom
piewne ITI, 405
Bristle-flowered
Diffuse, III, 403
gi flowered,
III
Pret ITI, 406
nat row-leav ed,
I, 403
Rh Delt? 405
Talus, ITI, 4
Coltsfoo
Arrowhead, ~ 456
eet, I
Colubrina, behevviis!
oe
ae
sie II, 180
Northwest Crimson,
Hey
Van aris s, II, 180
Yellow, II, 179
Co dra
Pale, I, 528
omarostaphylis, Cali-
fornia, III, 308
Comfrey, Rough,
, 540
Conyza
Coulter’s, IV, 382
South American,
PV 4
Coral-r
Bieelow's, 1, 484
1
Leafy-stemmed,
TV. 432
Mount vgragatn
iV
Silman’ ae: 134
Coreth
Ca “ak, IV, 338
Common, IV, 340
San — ardino,
Vv;
Coriander Hp2
Cornel, Dwa rf: 4 284
m
orn Salad, IV, 61
Coronilla, I], 614
rydalis
Costmary, Iv, 396
Cotton, ITI,
tint Pian, IV, 469
Cotula, ‘AGettalian:
Cous, ik2
Cowania, ctindinete
II, 450
Cow-bane, Western,
III, 245
Cow-herb, IT, 171
Ss A eat, American,
III, 8
Coyote -brush, IV, 386
e Me lon, IV, 66
282
Crab- soot, Giaewe
Cra Pela
Lisropean: Ill, 329
—— Bush, III, 16
Cre
Field, II
per ee pied Hoary,
ies 258
Pg IIL, 389
Crocke a IV, 22
Crossosoma FAMILY,
Crossosom
Bigelow’s, < fi. 406
g
Catalina, II, 406
i ton, Califor rnia,
me
Bsc BERRY FAMILY,
III, 4
gobi Black,
III, 4
ccbeieils FAMILY,
II, 174
Crowfoot
Bristly, II, 2
Somes 11 wt 207
211
Crownbe: IV,
incendie IV, 126
va wn-sca 1,79
cillo
Calor, III, 61
a
Spiny, II
Crypis, ise leaved,
T, 142
Cryptantha
Bedked, IIT, 595
Bearded, III, 585
— ger ITI, 583
Bushy, III, 580
ree ter, ITI, 591
ee III, 594
Coas , 59
Co mat fo aie III, 585
Colusa, III, 595
:
a
a) Bs
No bo
np
—
to
wm
oe)
25
ceed like, I, 257
pity FamIty, 1, 70
as I, 74
ae ‘aie 117
Annual, IV, 3 he
Alpine, IV, 3
Alpine nt a IV, 354
ieee ca hes
Basin Rayless, IV, 360
Bloomer’s, IV, 3
Branching, IV, 373
Brewer's, IV, 368
ee — Rayless,
pomtek of 352
V,3
Eastwood's, IV, 348
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Eaton’s, IV, 366
Engelmann’s, ‘358
ig ry
Fals
Fle exudus, iV. 366
Foothill, [V, 364
G
sty:
erg: 2% Iv, 122
Paris
Sane bg YY, it 67
Philadelphia, IV, 349
Piper’s, IV, 362
Supple, IV, 3
Tigi, IV, ab
Three-vei ea
Utah, 1V 3
Volcanic, ie 362
allace’s Woolly,
IV,
Wandering, IV, 346
¥
er Ca bbage, eee 366
Deer eee As 362
Jeer Weed, I
Jesert pede II, 466
, 460
Jesert Gold, ITI, 419
Jesert Holly, II, 84
Jesert-hollyh
I
I
I
I
De
Desert Candle,
Des 4
I
I
I
ock,
III, 88
Desert-mallow, III, 88
Coulter’s, III, 87
Currant- caved, III, 90
Emory’s; ITI, 8
III, 380
Dita
California, III, 26
Common, III, 2
Glandular, III, 2
25
ow-leaved, III, 25
heii III, 26
Yellow, ‘IL, 51
631
Dopper FaMILy,
ITI, 390
Dodder
; I, 395
“it e, III, 39
Es say ue Soh
Wester
Westees' Fel ae 391
DocBANE FAMILY,
III, 367
Clasping-leaved,
Spreading, III, 369
Western, III, 369
Dog easel IV, 388
Docwoop FAMILY
III, 283
Do ood
os
American, III, 283
Blackfruit, III, ee
r III, 283
Ii, 2
Western Red, ne 284
417
Double-horned, IV, 90
S
rats ft IV, 92
sreat Basin, IV, 94
oover’s, IV,
Maroon- spotted, IV, 90
pares IV,9
outh American,
1,9
nuunsZ TOs
ae ca
ats II, 295
41,297
Douglas’, II, 297
ptr II, 295
Southern Californix,
Volcste. IT, 295
632
[Draba]
White Mountain,
it
Yellowstone, IT, 295
ps II,
Dro
Shahin I, 145
DuCKWEE
e’s, II, 337
Lance-leaved, II, 336
pig? said TL, 336
Lax
Panama, ah ey
wder
Setchell’, a ae
an’ a tirecches
Dyer’s-weed, II, 328
Dyer’s Woad, IT, 271
yssodia
Cooper’s, IV, 252
San Felipe, IV, 251
Thurber’s, IV, 252
Sa ee ii, 233
twoodia, IV, 138
o
Echinopsilon, Hyssop-
hse: II, 90
EL-GRASS FAMILY,
1,93
Eel- -grass et ees
Egbertia, IV, 568
rah sly Il, 459
| Chaparossa, IV, 204
Elderbe
at IV, 45
IV, 44
pen Red, IV, 46
44
Desert, IV,
Mountain Red, IV, 46
Southwestern, IV, 44
PROORE
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
ee PAS oe 466
Ei is I, 523
Elm,
ri a 378
Elephant’s Head,
Little, III, 807
Ele phant Tree, Small-
leaved, III
ns Spiny, rf 49
Ence
pass EV,
California, iV, ie
Rayles:
Virgin iver, wv, 124
EpHepra FamIity, I, 77
Ephedra
ee I, 78
Green, I, 77
Nev dk ‘I, 78
Ries ce forked, I, 78
—— L: 187.
Creeping, I, 186
Low, I, 188
2 ib
exican, 87
Orcutt’s, I, 187
and, I,
Vis cid, ina!
Eremocarya, - 578
“Abrans III, 438
randegee’s, ‘TI, 438
Desert ITI, 435
e, III, 434
asl Swerve — 437
Hoover’s, III, 4
Ericameria
Boundary, IV, 288
Cuneate-leaved,
‘.
Eastwood’s, IV, 286
Palmer’s, IV, 287
Parish’s, IV, 290
eer oe: Awned,
jag
a
Eri
Angle: “stemmed, es 29
t.41,4
es ’
Douglas’, II, 23
e, II, 47
Biscant I sae
Es: meralda, 1h, 3}
Flat-crown, II, 34
Flat-top, II, 42
a ee
Hatiar
ee flowered, II, 43
Onion- pein ed, Il. 24
Ord’s, 30
isi cae a 43
ish’s, 41, 3
Papi ty Fonte
Pine, II, 38
-iper’s, IT, 2
roliferous fe 43
Pu
"rola leaved, ns 24
Race
§ lender Woolly, II, 36
Snow,
Spurry, II, 29
sulphur-flowered,
2
IV, 231
Jepson’s, IV, 226
Nevin’s, IV, wn
Pringle’s, IV, 2
White Woolly, Vv, 230
W V, 230
ieee IV, 228
79
o, III
gti iti ‘leaved, III, 281
cde TH, 28 1
Prickly, III, 27
eae saa en 2 79
y’s, III, 28
Escobilla, IV, a
Escobita, III, 814
Eschscholzia
Euploc III, 5
Bustoma, all, gia 355
Eva
Trae. IV, 495
Erect, , 494
Involuerate, pal ASS
EVENING-PR
Cespitose, ITI, 195
Dandelion- je By 196
oe Sad,
Kern County, Bh 205
Large Desert, III, 194
“el re wered,
Woody. Pted
vac Desert, ITI,
vening Snow, III, 4
rlasting
Isabella, eS ibe
Lo
M “adow a) 480
Narrow- leaved,
IV, 478
e, IV, 46
White. margined,
I
Woolly, IV, 478
Fagonia, California,
III, 16
Rough-fruited, I, 456
Fairy Bells
Farewell-to-spring,
II, 187
Fawn Lily
Alpine, I, 428
California, I, 428
Giant, I, 42
Henderson’s, I, 429
Howell’s, I, 430
Lemon-colored, I, 429
Purple, I, 430
Sierra, I, 427
Small flowered, I, 427
Yellow, I, 4
oe Ill, ae
Nn Famity, I, 5
aa
Acpiateas Parsley,
i, 22
Beech-,
Brittle-, 4 a
Cl
oak-
California, I, 33
ones’, I, 33
Gold-
Licorice, 1,8
ip
Cleveland’s, I, 29
tal, 12
Viscid, L, 26
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Male-, I, 16
Oak-, I, 13
Shield-
Cuaifotate k, 11
udley’s, I, 12
Lemmon’s, I, 10
Swor
Tinbitcathde I, 10
Western, I, 10
Venus-hair, I, 24
Wood-
Coastal, I, 16
Downy, I, 14
Fiddle-neck
Large- flowered,
III, 606
Rigid, III
Se ouler’s, Bn 606
Small-flowered,
Ii; :
Tessellate, III, 604
White, III, 480
Fig
hee pee a 119
Indian Bae
Sea, III
IGWORT Pete
Hy, ”
Figwo
Black lowered,
III, 7
oe tT 771
Hare, ITI, 771
Arizona, IV, 4
California, IV, sp
arrow-leaved,
IV, 490
Filaree
Large-leaved, III, 5
Long-beaked, III, 7
Musk, III
Red-stemmed, til 7
Texas, III,
White stemmed,
ae
near tylis
Grass- “Exe. I, 268
Big Cone, I, 64
Grand, I,
Lovely, I, 65
Noble, I, 6
Red, I, 67
ew ‘Lucia, I, 68
2
Shas
I, 67
Firecracker, Eaton’s,
III, 758
Fire- cracker Flower,
I, 41
Fireweed, III, 171
Cut-leaved Coset;
IV, sr
Eastern, IV, 460
Harves he Ayo
earaniee 607
Toothed boas bh 460
Trumpe
Fi Leica? ee Phe
t, 111; 97
Flaming Trumpet,
III, 4
Flat- bed II, 283
FLax FAMILy, tFF-9
i 1B & og
wer’s Dwarf,
IIT 14
Caliloruis Dwarf,
Hit:
yee trogde Dwarf,
Fae Yellow, III, 12
Drymaria Dwarf,
Dutch, IT, or
False, II, 29
Gl cenbomare Oaee
14
Little Wi 13t, 43
Marin Dwarf, III, 14
arrow-leaved,
III, 11
Northwestern Yellow,
HE
Slender Dwarf, III, 14
Small-flowered Dwarf,
Ti,
Small-fruit False,
Western Blue, HE, 12
633
Fleabane, Salt-marsh,
IV,4
leh 2
FLow salah: Quituwoer
Fam
Flowering ‘eater
I, 95
Flower-of- -an-hour,
ate
iis
d-leaiveld ITI, 786
Sharp. leaved, III, 786
Fluminea, I, 197
Fog- fruit, ITT, 612
w-leaved,
11, 613
Fogweed, II, 82
Footsteps-of-spring,
I, 220
Forget- -me-not, IIT, 542
FouguteEriA FamIty,
Ill, 474
Four-o’cLocK FAMILY,
ed, IT,
MacFarlane’, te 106
Foxglove, Purple,
Ill, 792
18
RAN KENTA Poa.
II, 119
— Palmer’s,
ae
,
Fra Wii
stemmed, iil, 362
Fr
hatka, I, 4
Many flowered, z 424
deste <— Page
Purp ts
Poe ecaahia.
I, 423
Scarlet, I, 422
Siskiyou, I, 424
ine-colored, I, 425
ellow, I, 426
7.
View trae ITI, 612
634
—
cae leaved, III, 169
hie ia, III, 1
Hoary California,
ti, 1
Pied ad California,
III, 170
FuMEwort FaMILy,
T1233
Fumitory, ne VA f
Furze, II,
Gaillardia, Great-
bees - IV, 206
Galins:
Ciliate Tv, 136
Ss sae flowered,
137
Galium, Watson’s,
y!
Galleta, I, 109
James’, 1,1 109
Galvezia, Shaws.
Gambelia, III, 783
Gaura
California, III, 211
lagi
Gayop
ee yang III, ie
ue 's; TZ
209
Much-branched,
31,2
Natal’ eee 208
TIAN FaMILy,
, a0
Gentian
Alpine, ITI, 356
ew Zealand, III, 3
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Oregon, III, 4
KS TNTATA Ss
—
i
=e)
— °
— Se
om
PRA H
o
>
—_
—
B20
bo
ia
Abrams’, ITI, ite
Argus ILL 4
Bell-flow ea mle 474
Blue Field, Ill, 463
Bridges’, ITI, 4
aah flowered,
awe
Br oad 9 Ea ITI, 462
California, III, 463
Ca away-leaved,
III, 470
pert Jil, 472
Desert, “we
Gache 455
Great Thing III, 471
Inyo, III, 474
Many-flowered,
III,
Many ea
465
Bd s, III, 462
Rock, III, 471
Spreading, II, 460
ar, III, 470
igelow' sII,91
rish’s, II,
91
san Diego, il, 94
a FL, a4
N oody, II,
seen?
ehnia, pildaioin
III, 273
linus, III, 117
lobeflower, American,
176
Q
a Sinna wee
+ oO
ni
Be
ne
és
wn
°
a)
utheni
Contidut, III, 45
Goat’s-beard, II, 413
Godetia
Botta’s, ITI,
Cylindrical, Hl, —
Ts4
ea Sea
oni tne III, 187
Witlea's het, III, 189
Golde
Golden Line II, 2
Golden
Death Valley, LY.,.t11
Nevada Showy,
V,1
G
Shockley, IV, in
Alkali, IV, 218
Coast, IV, 214
Woolly, IV, 216
Gold-threa
Idaho, II, 178
Oregon, II, 1
GOOSEBERRY FaMILy,
8
Gooseberry
Alpine, II, 398
B
ath,
earaiaite. ah 401
Mount Adams, II, 399
Oak, II,
Parish’ 5; II, 398
, II, 403
Seathern ‘California,
II, 402
Stra ggly, II, 396
TE
GoosEroot Famity,
II, 6
Goosefoot
California, II, 72
Coast, if, 71
Nettle-leaved, II, 70
Red, II, 71
Stinking, II, 70
Tasmanian, II, 72
Wall, II, 70
Gourp Famicy, IV, 65
Gou
Vinee: leaved, IV, 6
eer leaved, IV, =e
Gra
ppetet! I, 178
Black, I, 179
Blue, I, 179
Needle, I, 177
Purple, I, 178
Rothrock’s; I, 178
Sand, 1,177
Side-oats, I, 177
GRAPE Sater III, 81
Gra
California Wild,
III
Ze
Desert III, 82
Aparejo, I, 139
sricn I, 17
Mar tite, I, 147
oe l; 107
eae rk
vata howered, I, 149
e Mountain,
1, 22
Narrow. flowered,
a leaved, I, 227
Orcutt’s, I, 231
e, 1,2
Suksdorts, . 229
kI2
Woodland I, 230
nch-
e
bo
Colusa, I, 188
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Cord-
Alkali, I,
California, Ea75
Cot
a 10
Crested ‘nae s-tail,
Satie 15.141
Deer-, I, 146
te)
Lyme-, Sea, I, 248
anna-
Davy’s, I, 212
*ew-flowered, I, 212
“owl, I, 213
Nit-, 1 156
Nut-,
Yeliow, 259
Sores I, 168
_ 1172
erican, [
Geyer’s, I, 190
Showy, I, 191
Sierra, I, 192
Small, I 1
Orchard-, I, 195
Orcutt, I, 1
Awnless, I, 182
Pine-, I, 1
Tufted, I, 160
Prairie-, I
all; 1,195
Rattlesnake, I, 233
eed-
Bolander’s, Pig
Brewer’s, I,
oe & aa
159
alas go feprs I, 145
sine ll, I
kite I, 249
Na rrow-spiked, I, 238
cific, I, 251
re Soaeigk I, 237
Yell eed godt
III, 544
cribner, I, 239
— T, 186
Scouler ay =
rrey’s, I, 9
635
Tickle-, I, 154
V
Water Stare I, 349
V heat-
Alpine, I, 243
ss
Mcxidin, i; 1438
Smooth, 2 112
Western, I, 113
Wood, Siender, I, 148
Poa II, 89
Grease-bush
Low, TIL 55
Nevada, ITI, 55
Greasewood; II, 94
Small- headed, IT, 445
Weste
Grbehetilaieta, Li; 557
Grindelia
Big, IV, 25
Great Vaiss, ae 258
San Francsico, IV, 257
sens IV, 257
well
ga Pai 548
III
Pahoa bk III, 329
636
Guelder-rose, IV, 47
Gum — t, Coastal,
IV;.2
Gum- “weed, i 170
ar y at veueae
III, 407
Small flowered,
III, 407
Hackberry, Douglas’,
Halimolobus, Diffuse,
oe. Whitney,
IV,
2
Hardtack, IT, 453
Harebel
ees, te 78
Common Alaska
, 74
Olympic, IV, 76
Parry’s Northern,
H
H il, I
Harpagonclla, ifr, 609
Hasseanthus
Blochmans, II, 342
Long-st — - 339
San Diece. if
Hawkbit, Haig v. 588
Haw d
Baker’s, IV, 606
Bearded, IV, 608
,
range, IV, 600
Scouler’s, IV, 596
Shi 0
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Common, IV, 285
Island, IV, 2
Hazelnut, California,
fleal-all, ITI, 628
rt-nut, 11,628
Phils ns II, 8
par ios Hain a ne 297
_ a ge - 305
A
Alkali, ITI,
Heathberry, ey 46
Heather
Brewer’s Mountain,
E303
Canyon, II, 41
Mock, IV, 286
Pink Mountain,
III,
Purple Mountain,
III,
Wale Mountain,
ITI, 305
Yellow Mountain,
III,
Hedgehog, Eight-
spined, sa
Hedge-hy
Brabileas TIL, 731
Common American,
TEE zat
Hedge-nettle (see
Nettle
Hedge-
parsley
California, III, 222
Knotted, III, 224
,
J apanese, III, 224
nois, Crete,
ae
Hedyp
Bi
Hed
Mackense’s. Hy 614
Selec IV, 120
y Mountain,
Hel
Risdybed IIT, 534
7
Common, on 630
Herba IV, 489
Herb- or “Gilead, III, 626
Hermidium, Wing ed;
Herniasia, Gray, II, 114
iron
sR ra ITI, 529
Heu
Alpi 3 asd 3
Cylindrical, II, 382
uran’s, II, 383
reen-flowered, II, 383
Island, I, = .
Laguna, IT,
Oval- ebay A 383
Pink, II, 38
Seaside, IT, 3
Urn- Aowered, 382
Hibiscus
ees er 112
ock-, III, 1
a cba. del A ae
IV, 38
Hoarhound, Common,
IIT, 62
H me be An Small-
leaved, II, 48
Hogweed, IV, 382
Hole-in-the- sand Plant,
, 250
Hollisterin:. II, 2
Holozonia LIV, 157
HoNnEYSUCKLE FaMILy,
IV, 42
Honeysuckle
en)
Bi
4
-
bd
wm
V;55
Southern, IV, 54,55
ay, 5
Honey: sie Arizona,
II, 100
Hookera
ee E 406
arf, I, 405
NnNWOmY
| all
wn
in
rh
24 |
£6
“>
o
&
=
>
So
a
Hop- tree, Western
ae
Horke
s, II, 418
presporlg II, 41
Carrot-leaved, II, 421
Cleveland’s, II, 418
Dense-flowered, II, 421
Howell’s, II,
Leafy, II, 4
Parry’s, II, 41
Three- toothed, II, ee
ea leave te Sai
oy ns,
IL 4
Wilder's, II, 418
Heekaepns FaMILy,
Pe |
Pralenece’ ET;
Horse 00%, Ps pr 615
Hors ie
Cat
Little. oe fh aa
2
Horsehead, IV, 466
orse-mint
Nettle- ange oe 624
Western, III, 6
Horseradish - en
H AIL FAMILY,
Horsetail
California, I, 40
Con:mon, I, 39
Giant, I, 39
Marsh, I, 40
Sedge-like, I, 41
Swamp, I, 4
Horseweed, IV, 382
Hosacki
Bentham’ a.t1, 551
opper- -flowered,
I, 542
ecumbent, - 547
arge ne ee ere ed, II, 542
Narrow- leaved, II, 542
Soot I, 542
nete- —— - 541
fer e, II,
] ee TI, 543
ose-flowered, II, 541
Sulphur-flowered,
ce
un =]
-
8
Toothed, II, 545
Torrey’s, II, 542
Gra d, 11, 5
Western, oy ae
HUCKLEBERRY FAMILY,
I, 326
Shot III, 3
Red- rayed, IV, 202
San Diego, IV, 203
Short- big bl 203
Hunger Wee 205
— hinsia, sss a
290
uk
Lilac-flowered Wild,
ie
Water, I, 349
HypRANGEA FamILy,
II, 384
Hydranthele, Western,
FFL;-732
‘ol
iineneae Weiske 5;
IV, 393
Hynienoxys, Arizona,
IV, 207
Ice-pla
rece III, 118
Slender-leaved,
III, 118
Imperata, Hooker’s,
12
licheniae; FV.1
_—— Paint Gita
ual
pas lipped, III, 846
arge-flowered,
II, 846
Small- flowered,
I, 846
preenss ee oe
Brewer
Ewan’s, III, 837
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Franciscan, III, 844
Oblong: leaved, oo 839
Obscure, III, 8
Ow nasi IIL, oe
Pale, III, 828
Parrot’s Head, ITI, 825
oO
QO
o
L
al
—
—
Oo
Eee LT,3
Sho
hela California.
III,
Pe hs a 832
Stiff Yellowish,
Suk ane TIT, 835
Tiburon , 841
*
Torch- like III,
Wallow
betes stalt III, 829
e, III, 828
833
hited’s
White- ak SE 842
Wide-flowered, III 830
bare s, IIT, 836
lly, III, 842
Mettow-hiaived, ITI, 832
Indian Pink
Cpewte oe vat
INDIAN-PIPE FAMILY,
III, 292
Le re Pipe, IIT, 2
dian Warrior a ane
Me ndian’ s Dre
Indigo-bus ig
California II, 558
II, 557
Inkweed, II, 95
Iodine Bush, II, 91
Mii Weed, IT, 95
s Famity, I, 461
“Caifoena, I, 465
Siskiyou, I, 464
Slender- tubed, I, 465
Tough-leaved, I, 463
Western, I, 4 2
Ironwo
Catalina, II, 409
Desert, II, 562
socoma
Coastal, IV, 284
Pi IV, 284
tem — A, 422
Muir’
Pickering o Al 424
Plum
Shockle “ is be tes
Silver-haired, II, 423
Tahquitz, II, 423
Tweedy’s, II, 426
Webber’s, II, 426
Yosemite, IT, 424
Ivy
German, IV, 453
Ground, III, 627
Kenilworth, III, 786
Jamesia,
a pila IV, 198
Jep
J
Jewel Flo
rae & ieee
Mount “Diablo, ti 250
a IT, 250
JEWEL p FAMILY,
Hy 59
Jewelaveed
Spurless, III, 59
Western, III, 59
Jim-bru sh, bad vers!
Jimson-weed, III, 683
pare 28 -up,
IIT,
Jo ius: "Tuck, III, 817
Nei
We Weed, IV, 499
ua Tree, I, 446
Jase, Il, 478
"Caliorna, a 3
arf,
oe Mountain, I, 76
Utah,
Westeri. I, 76
637
Jupiter’s Beard, IV, 63
Kallstroemia, Cali-
fornia, III, 17
Kalmia
ee bs 302
rn Sw
, 302
Kalmiopsis, Ill, —
Kelloggia, IV, 2
iste Manic
III, 112
a heirag Geran,
ITI,
Alpine, II, 62
Austin’s, IT, 58
Beach, II, 56
Bidwell’s, IT, 61
Bolander’s, Il, 61
iver sheathed, II, 56
spurry, II, 5
Swamp, II, ye
Viviparous, HH,
White- br phincety II, 59
Yard, II, 56
Yellow lowered ah 58
Knotwort Fam
iT; at
Kobresia, Bellard’s,
[, 281
— pie 170
Koto, I, 377
KRAMERIA fe
I, 627
Kruhsea, I, 458
Kuha, ITI, 139
‘ae Tea, 298
Coastal, III, 2
Glandular, ae i
Lac
eflow ila aes
Ladies’ Tre
Hooded, I, "479
638
[La sneit Tresses]
n, I, 479
Lady: se III, 68
Lady-fingers, Pink,
1a
Lady’s- comb, III, 224
s Mantle,
Lake-agoseris, ‘Alpine,
IV, 553
TLamb’s Lettuce, IV, 60
Lamb’s Quarters, II, 70
Hanaupah, ye 200
nyo, IV,
Narrow-le aad:
Large-headed, IV, 200
Larch
Alpine, I, 61
mooth, IV, 220
Yellow-rayed, IV, 220
Larkspur
Anderson’s, IT, 189
ue Mountains,
II, 183
Coast, IT, 186, 187
Cuyamaca, II, 189
Arabs
wm, TT. 1
REL Fami Ly, IT, 222
California, i223
i IT, 66
1;
Lav haere Cotton,
IV,
Laxflower, IV, 196
Beach, IV,
Colusa, IV, 160
Comanche, IV, 159
IV, 200
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Fre eg ne. 159
60
eat flower, ‘Play:
105
Le sig nde II, 554
me ood, Western,
Tit.
Legenere, IV, 8
Lemmonia, III, <3
ee peal THE; 51
LENNOA Fam
i,
Lesquer
Lessingia
Dwarf, IV, 378
Lemmon :
V7
Sa n Pianniecs’ TV 376
Sierra, IV, 380
Slen der-stemmed,
IV, 378
pice IV, 380
in
Wild, I 2
Willow, IV, 592
Wire, IV,
ger eae Western,
HHT: ne
Lewis
Alpin ne, CTE 13
Columbia, IT, ne
EL, 134
Kelloge’s, II, 135
Lee’s, II, 1
plus ag ay |
Licori
ote TI, 613
inook, IT,
ilacopsis, Western,
III, 218
oy Famity, I, 379
rge-flowered,
III, 426
Lemmon’s, ITI, 418
Madera, III, 429
Many-flowered,
ITI, 43
Lindernia
Long-stalked, III, 688
Short-stalked, III, 688
nseed, III, 11
Daint
“¢ wie ig TAIL FaMicy,
Be Pe Famity, IV, 81
LoBELIA SUBFAMILY,
V,81
Lo
belia
Brook, IV, 96
Kalm’s, IV, 96
Rothrock’s, IV, 97
Water, IV, 96
parent tree, II, 562
Locoweed
Angle- stemmed, II, 607
09
Blue Mountains,
II
Mae hs eit IT, 606
597
ein II, 591
Eventi? II, 594
Fremont’s, II, 597
cron s Dwarf,
*loatnig, III, “
Many-flowered,
IEE; 217
Umbellate oe —
=
woe
California, I TIT, 344
Small-headed, IV, 2 e
aurandya
Valley, Ill, eras
Mayweed, IV, 388
Mazus, “capi
iE 6
Pr erastei FOAM FAMILY,
III, 46
White, III, 49
Woolly, III, 49
mall- flowered,
II, 225
Medic
Black, II, use
Purple, II, 520
mooth- barred 41,520
eae ae
Medusa H I, 248
Melampodin, IV, 139
ew
ahaa ie i 2
Nodding, I, 192
Sm
Menziesia, Pacific,
301
Mesquite, II, 478
False, II, 475
Mexican
hy ce te 72
Mezencum FaMILy,
, 163
Srl acat American,
III, 351
S Cruz, IV,
Sierra Foothills, IV, 560
MIGNONETTE FamILy,
Mignonette, ea 328
I
ore aster, Tejon
V,520
i. ILKWEED FaMILy,
ipa oe si
Milkw
California 111: 375
TE ie
Milkwor
a III, 23
Small-flowered,
IIT, 519
Mimetanthe, Downy,
III, 706
Mimosa Famity, II, 474
peed : ee
III, 1
Be s fee ii,.127
Mint Famity, III, 614
Horse, III, 661
cheery ITT, 65
Round-leaved, III, 661
Sierra, 58
Westy, Ul, 661
Mirabili
Frocbel's II, dd
Greene’s, II, 1
Sa actiaae - 106
-vigoust < I, 423
Mi
E FAMILY,
}. 528
Mistlet
California, I, 532
olorado Desert, I, 533
Constricted, I, 5
Dense, I,
Dwarf
American, I, 529
Douglas's, I, 531
Long-spiked, I, 534
itrewor
fake II, 376
Ce TL, 376
ais leave: II, 152
Large-leaved, IT, 152
ohave Flower, III, 788
rda, Pla
Large- + Saabs
III, 6
eet i, 657
Mountain, IIT, 655
Pringle’s, III, 657
Robison’s, IIT, 654
k 651
rosace
Candelabewn ITI. 701
oe, Islands Bush,
oa:
an weed, III, 701
Ciolate toothed,
III, 704
Cleistogamous,
III, 726
Cleveland's i 714
Com siae
TIL 7
Rate S711, 730
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Cusick’s, III, 719
Cut-leaved, III, 706
De ath ee It, 726
ior
es)
a
g
3
°
5
=f
Zn
Sms
RS
bo
EE 7
Layne’s, III, 722
Least-flowered,
jane
Lewis’, III, 6
Linear-leave ot “err 698
pee Purple, III, 705
w Bush, ITT, 718
opie ae be 711
Ma
II, 700.
ariposa, III, 698
ean, IIT,
arrow-leaved Bush,
LU, 715
arrow-leaved Pansy,
—
—
eee
M
M
M
M
Mottled, I
Mrs
N
N
N
, 727
otch- peal Bush,
ITI, 715
Olympic Large,
III, 707
One-sided, ITT, 723
Palmer’s, IT
Pansy, aa
Parish’s, Hi 7
Parti- colored, ne 699
i ; 726
III, 730
Santa ig Dwarf,
Hi7
Se atl, nee
rpentine, nr 723
shi ed Large,
£8
=}
d1- 70
hield-bracted,
II, 704
aS aba Bale
2
Hit}
Baie. Iii, ae
=
Ss
Ss
Sie
S
Slender-stalked,
S
lender stemmed
II, 699
ae fea gecoatt
Lae
Smal Howered
Smal ok font 710
III
ree-
i
Ting F rple, ITI, 719
Tooth- leave ae 695
Torrey’s, IIT, 723
Varicolored, III, 721
Viscid, III, 722
Washington, III, 701
Weak-ste emmed Large,
Hi, 712
Whipple’s, III, 701
Wide-calyxed, ITI, 712
W ide throated Purple.
W throated Yellow,
Hh
Y diow-andaerne
Tl, 721
beige gag thik
III,
Monkshood Columbia,
i is
Cla Diied. UY Ss
warf, II, 75
Kosei Il, 74
Monolopia
"Caen IV, het
Crum’s, IV, 2
Cupped, IV, an
Woodland, IV, 222
Montia
Brandegee’s, II, 127
Coast dines I, 127
Com ia f
Cordate- eaved II, 126
Dichot s, II, 124
Diffe rent |
II, 129
Diffuse, IT,
Henderson’s, II, 129
Howell’s, II, 126
Linear-leaved, * 124
Siberian, ITI, 1
Small- leavéed:; i 124
Water, II, 126
124
Ivy- leaved, es 381
Kern, IIT, 3
Modoc, ITI, ae
Oregon, IIT, 384
an
Sierra, I
641
Small-flowered,
III, 389
Sonora, III
Southern California,
III, 384
Western. III awe
oe Utah, ITI, 54
o Bills, Ne 342
nAs
Little- leaved, oh 454
Smooth, IT,
Trask’s, II, 4
Mountain Misery,
II, 451
Mountain Pride,
III, 768
Mourning Aart IV, 64
Mou
(ue 367, : “TIL, 542
use-ears, Purple,
70
wort
Novihees 4 III, 732
pestis III, 732
Mestuae Ae nb
Coastal, IV, 4
Columbia ioe.
V, 407
Douglas’, IV, 406
Michaux’s, IV, 408
Suksdorf, IV, 406
Lematen’ s, I, 139
Mountain, . 141
Porter’s, I, 141
Short- leave i 138
Slender
Muilla
Common, I, 397
Crowned, ‘ sid
Rough, I, 3
Muk-ko, i a
Mule- Sgt Af 102
Gray
Me pe 104
642
[Mule-ears]
Patselaicial
IV, 104
Northern, IV,
Woolly, II, 7
Musk Flower, III, 695
Lon bed, ITI,
editerranean, II, 274
Rush, IT, 246
Tower; I 3
ia 1, alee 321
Tum 267
Whi sa bay 271
Myrtle, Ill, 368
in, 14, 223
ae tog Famity, I, 92
“Guadeloupe I, 93
e, 1,9
Sender, a. sg
“Hispia ITI, 525
Marigold, III, 443.
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Mitre-fruited, III, 446
ountain, III, 44
ehama,
ee vee ane med,
White flowered,
Peicous II, 2
Nemacladus
Comb leaved, Af 84
ee
nT, 8
ceca, io] 86
Long-flowered, 7 82
Mountain, IV, 8
Nuttall’ s,5V, vy
Pe
der ¥iV.§
asd lowered, IV, 83
Nem
este eee III, 484
Great Basin, ve ff)
Meadow, III, 4
Sierra, IIT, 482
Sm ee a4 ered,
ake Canyon, III, 481
Variable. leave
IL, $4
t-stra
Desert, IV, 487
se eg pe rv 486
© FamI ty, I, 523
Carolina Horse,
III, 682
men t:- 525
“Common, ne 630
Red, I
Spoted mh, 630
Dw
H
3
White, III, 634
Hoa “de 2 4
Lyal irs 525
rests ITI, 681
Small, I, 525
Western, I, 526
Nicolletia, IV, 250
Climbing, III, 676
Cutleaf, III, 676
Douglas’, III, 677
Forked, III, 676
Hairy, III, 676
Narrow- lcaved,
II, 677
Pacific eee the
IT?
Pars III, 677
e, III, 680
Small “Enchanter’ s,
Sma lowered
Viecd
bedi marina,
aed
are oe 11, 409
aca II, 67
Blsdows, 1; “at
Parry’s, I, 4
Nun’s Veilin bh aL, 2
Nutmeg, California,
tS1
Oak
Alvord’s, I, 521
California Black,
517
foe ornia Live, I, 518
net re rub,
Csifoena White,
518
ae 1,322
Huckleberry, I, ae
Island, I, 521
Kellogg’s, I, zu
Leather, I, 5
M aeDonals J 520
Tan-bark, I, 516
ee hivi
Wild, I es
owe Ey
papa II, 414
paemet, III, 474
enanthe
American, III, 238
Pacific, Mi poe
Old Man,
Old Manin on Sects.
IV, 462
OLEASTER FAMILY,
III, 163
Oligomeris, af Om |
OLIVE FamILy, acd 346
Olive, Desert, III, 349
Many-flowered, I, 386
Narrow-leaved, I, 394
Roc
47
Spa vache han
4
weg PL I, 473
White-flowered,
I, 474
Large Round-leaved,
a
ee 478
Ore
Alpine, aT, 599
60
H
Low, III, 602
Malheur, III, 6
ellow-e
paces lig pe IV, 246
Oro
California, III, 24
Great Aaetia bai fh a F a
Orth
froth baited: III, 817
ney Ill
III, 8
Paint- ae IIT, 813
Rosy, ITI, 815
San] Bernardino,
i j gi
n Fraticisco, III, 819
Shasta III, 817
Smooth, ITI, 819
Thin. leaved, IIT, 815
Yellow, III, 815
Oryctes, sWosaste:
I
Osier, Red, III, 283
Ox-tongue, Bristly,
IV, 588
Oxypolis, Western,
Ill,
Oxytenia, IV, 141
Oxytheca
Chickweed, IT, 19
Nuttall’s, II, 18
ee-lobed, II, 19
Tree-like, IT, is
Watson’s, II,
White- marained ¥F49
Yellow, II, 1
Cusick’s
Pendent Pod, i: why
2
Ye low lowered
11.6
peel Plant, IV, 585
Ozom
Croak adie 1, 377
Pacific, II, 377
Varied: leaved, II, 377
Pale Face, III, 112
Pat Famicy, I, 344
Palm, California Fan,
345
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Palo Maas re fia:
Border
Sree as: a 479
Pana mint Pains II, 240
a
Weattin’ 4-175
Pansy
Pinto, ITI,
Me llow, ii na
Paper- flower, IV, 194
Parachute Plant,
EV;
Parentucellia, Yellow,
III, 800
Parishella, IV, 88
ghd IIT, 23
oh Mountain,
TIL 2
Wooly Mountain,
Tit; 2
pina fe i
Cow, , III, 2
Cut-leaved ee
231
Hemlock Water,
rae III, 278
Panamint Indian,
Pestle, III, 2
Pasque- Andee Wessies,
II, 193
Patata, IT, 74
PE Bones II, 480
Sarst. II, 6 622
Sierra Nevada, II, 622
Silky Beach, IT, 6
att II, 6
Swee
II, 619
Teel er, II, 619
Torrey’s, “ 619
Tule, II, 6
Watson's ort 623
ri H FaMILy, IT, 465
ee eng rt, II, 466
she:
pads: IL, 145
Beach, IT, 145
ae IT, 145
Sticky, IT, 145
Bristly oe
Broad-fruited, III, 536
Chuckwalla, IIT, 536
Little, III, 537
Recurved, III, 536
Slender, ITI, 536
Winged, ITI, 536
Pellitory
Florida
sh, oe
Pe cheseanta! I, 526
Pencil Leaf, II, 338
su,
Pennyroyal nL 661
Dwarf, ITI, 645
Blue-etewinieil; 121; 770
Broad-leaved, III, 746
Ht:
Cushion, III, 760
Cusick’s, III, 760
Cut- leive d, IIT, 764
Death Valley, oe 755
mnt! ngs
Dese sig
ate ny 763
Gairdner’s, III, 747
<< te pag
y, 111.7
Glandular, re 764
Glau ger Aaeb
Globe. TT
roan Sid
LH 751
Mono, II, 750
Notable, III, 756
643
Owens ae? 758
PL.
Redwood, III, 770
Rock, III, 76
Rose, 2755
Rothrock’s, III, 769
Sand-dune, ITI, 753
San Gabriel, III, 758
a ; wae Me
Shas
Share: gain gent 747
er III, 746
ephens’, III, 756
estern, ITT, oe
be ase
Vallow
Washington, III, 739
Vhite a's, IF0, 751
a tt et x pe ee | IM
> _
if
y hite- margined,
, 748
Wilcox’s, III, 746
Wo
Bt
eony, Western, 33-175
Pepi mt
III,
Pe epper-grass
Dwarf, II, 262
English, IT, 259
Fremont’s, IT, 261
PEPPERWORT FAMILY,
LE?
Pepperwort, II, 282
airy, I, 34
Nelson's, I, 34
644
Pericome, Tailed,
IV,
rishi III, 368
sicaria
“Amerian Water, II, 62
r* le, 66
Pennsyvania, II, 66
Spotted, II, 63
sas , Il, 63
Peruvian Pepper,
Iz, 51
Petunia, Wild, IIT, 685
—
n Nelsons a 497
Pediceliate, at td
t-flow
"50:
Pringles: Piss
Purple-bell, III, 516
Racemose
Sho, bese ent 497
Sticky, III, a=
Stinging, III
kool} a 511
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
bonis Lu, ‘gra
Tan y, III, 4
Thick ‘leaf, iI, 515
Pp
irgate, TH, 500
Waterleat, Ill, 4 489
x Fam y, III, 396
Phio
Bear Siew. ae “
Clustered, ITI, 4
Coville’s, ITI, jy
Douglas’, ITI, 411
Gray, II, 413
Long- saves “ve 409
Moss,
a peor III, 411
Prickly, III, 454
Showy, III,
Slender, III, 413
bi II, 412
Stansbury’s, III, 409
Western Mountain,
I, 41
Wo priests wr gee
Woolly, ae
Phoenic
Broad- ded, "i 290
Comm
Pholisma a ree
Re v, I,
eiient = 91
Pigmy-cedar, IV, 460
ig ees I, 52
Pin
Big Cone, I, 59
Mountain White, 153
Nut, I, 5
One-leaved Pinon,
Parry’s Pinion, I, 55
ns -cone, I, 60
Sugar, I, 53
Tamarack ye 59
Ea Sadie 1, §3
Western Yellow, I, 56
White-bark, I, 54
Pineapple Weed, IV, 400
V, 400
American, III, 295
eo III, 296
nk
boniet IL. 174
Grass, IT, 171
Mullein, IT,,174
Pi
Purp
Pipe-vine, Califor
1.53
Pipsissiwa, EEE 292
Pitayita, III, 162
Pee PLANT FAMILY,
, 329
—
Pe
Pitcher- plant, Cali-
acl, 329
pe icons. IIT, 2
Plagiobothrys, loses
EEL,
sae FAMILY,
II, 403
Plane-tree, California,
II,
PLANTAIN FAMILY,
IV,
Plantain
Alaska, IV, 17
Bris st shih
Large-bra cted, IV, 20
es’ Rattlesnake,
481
Pesican A
Pac ific Soli iV,47
Ac aulescen, II, 487
Agardh
eating WRAY II, 487
Eastwood’s, II, 489
Fresno, II
Mojave, II, 489
Mount Hamilton,
soeet 487
pi ve, II, 487
its 487
red, II, 487
Sunse t: 35,
ong- spurred, IV, 62
Pink, I
White a
Pleuricospora, ITI, 296
Pleuropog
California. I, 194
Nodding, I, 194
MBAGO FAMILY,
, 344
Podistera, Sierra,
III, 239
Th Soh ae in 647
Poison Hemlock,
Poison Ivy, ITI, 51
Poison daa Pacific,
Tt 5
Pole
hetresl TIL, 397
Elegant, III, 400
California, II, 158
oa ur-leaved, II, 158
gala
Caltornia Hi 21
Desert. III, 2
Polypody
California, 1,8
ti. 7
We We n,I,8
meray. Indian,
Tr 172
PoONDWEED FAMILY,
, 83
Pondw eed
Co oe Floating,
1,8
ees 1 3/
Eel-grass, I, 89
71,85
Various-leaved,
cess stemmied, - “a
Prt dog Bush,
Penn III, 574
Poplar, Balsam, I, 486
Poporo 677
Poppy Berle L223
oppy
Broad-horned Prickly,
II,
California, II, 227
Island Tree, }1, 226
Leafy Prickly, II, 230
Matilija, II, 226
Merriam’s Bear,
FP 232
Mexican ee II, 228
Mojave, IT,
Pale Rodeke tenia
lla,
Potentilla, eae
II, 431
Potato hie gies
Ill,
sees fs ,
Poverty Bs oe 141
Prairie Clove
Blue Mccinlatis:
II, 559
Searls’, 55
Prairie- rocker, small-
flowered, IT, 318
Prairie- Shdte. II, 449
Pretty Face, I, 399
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Prickle- leaf, IV, 551
aise: _ ae 200
Beach, ITI, 2
Booth’s, ITT, om
Clavate-frutied,
I, 206
rt
Plateau, III, 201
Refracted Desert,
III, 197
Shredding Ill, 201
Sierra, III, 334
ender- dowered,
IIL 197
Small, ITT, 2
Wallowa, ee ae
Willow-herb, IIT, 200
Wing-seeded, III, 204
Primula
Cusick’s, III, 334
Sierra, III, 334
s, IV, 232
2
Pterostegia, I
Pteryxia
Rock, III,
oe Ill, 274
oak Ill, 548
Purple-bush, Ill, 24
Purple Mat, ITI, 525
Eee
Ill
purer: 1,135
American Marsh,
III, 168
7 III, 117
Sea, II, 77
Southern Marsh,
Paw
W se a in, ie 18
the
Single- headed, IV, 274
IV, 272
Say. IV, 274, 276
Quail Brush, IT, 86
QuassIA FAMILY,
Queen Anne’s Lace,
II, 22
228
QuiILtwort FaMILy,
3
Western, , a
Rabbit-bru
Cha ee IV, 300
Common, IV, 302
cae IV, 300
ng-flowered, IV, 300
Nectleeaved, IV, 298
Parry’s, IV, oe
Pune ine iV52
Sticky-leaved, W, 298
Rabbit-foot, IV, 156
aa s Foot, I, 147
Radis
rae a Tip2r5
Wild, II, 275
Ragwort, Tansy,
450
Raillardella
Green-leaved, IV, 428
a V, 428
esti: 457
a siountain
II
Ww oe Sem
IT, 457
645
“Glandular, II, 628
Pine, I,
Msp
s, IT, S75
Cade IT, 586
Cima, IT, 59
Clar a Hunt's, IT, 603
Clovelsadie IT, 603
Prov ‘idence Mountain,
IT, 582
Rattan’ s, II, 603
ernardino,
II, 602
Sand, IT, 587
San Diego, IT, 583
Redberry, Ill, 63
646
Red-bud, Western,
II, 478
Red Maids, III, xal
Red Molly,
3lu
jolander's i, is 7
sre
Slate leave i 314
3road-s t Bee
ee I 306
Coas
coteloe a tia
ot ve 306
Dese I, 305
Dr caeuie II, 307
Hairy, II, 306
yori: Sea, II, 270
Dame’s, II, 321
Dyer’s, II, 328
Garden, II, 271
Sand, qt, 275
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Sea, II, yi
Wall, I
Rock- ‘inge, LLY. rahe
Rock ipa Des
TIT;
Rock- ae Parry’s,
IV, S571
Rocknosz FaMILy,
III,
Rech’ they Elegant,
Il,'3
Ro ck- ne
nate FaMiny, ~s ge
Ros
Alderson's II, 462
Tehachapi, IL. 463
Wood, II, 465
Rose-heath, EV ;,332
Rosemary, III, 620
osettes
oe Weed i 282
Rud
California, IV, 118
ington, IV, 118
gee Pie TIE, 17
Rue
pots 19
Western, IL, 1 6
5
Rusu Famity, e 349
Rush
Baltic, I, 354
Basket, I, 355
Brownish, I, 280
White, ad 280
Black-grass, I, 356
Blunt- EN I, 360
On)
Bolander's, I, 365
Brown-headed, 367
Cece I, 364
Clu
Co ville's, i
Dru aaa hg 352
raise L,:357
sa Je gh, I, 361
Sh
Iris- ie ey I, 368
Jointed, I, 362
Knotted, I, 366
Long- anthered, J. 367
eae Mountain,
1,3
Salt, . 354
ri
harg-funted. I, 366
pie 1,357
ickle- leafed, I, 359
San Jacinto, I, 264
Spiny, I,
Spreading, I, 353
Straight-leaved, I, 358
Thread, I, 35
ree-stamened, I, 368
To
Western, L 358
Woo
Common, % - 1
Small- flowered, I, 369
Smooth, I,
Spiked, I, mL.
Phun aay I, 365
‘Alderson’ ae one
Common, III,
eat TIL, re
Sacaline, II, 66
Sacapellote, IV, 550
Saccaton, Alkali, I, 145
Pe ad IN; S42
age
African, III, 636
Puen III, 639, 643
Red, II, 89
Rose, III, 6
Thick- oa oe 641
Thistle, III, 6
Cutleaf, IV, 414
Dwarf, IV, 412
Hoary, IV, 414
piven IV, Hey
IV,4
are na,i1,
Twining, I, 408
Salal, III, 306
Salsify, IV, 585
Coast,
Coulter’s, II, 82
Crown, II, 7
Dav "$3
Nar
Nuttall’s, 1a 87
i I
Salt Cedar, I, 181
Saltweed, Gmelin’s,
Tie 78
Salt. hae EET SASS
Blac III, 333
SAL LVINIA Fan 1}-35
i Ill,
SA Lwoop gts
Death = soos ThE 133
Sprtiniet eaved,
Ill,
shining Iti}?
re rsley, Wedel
1, 22: 7
ee ts Spurry
Boccone’s, oat 455
Canadian, II, 155
La FP
Medite erranean, 1,455
Middle. -sized, II, 155
Pu rple, II, 156
Sek 1; 155
oo II, 156
erbena
goes i, Bs
Beach, II, 110
ston Il, 108
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Honey-scented, II, 108
Bear ne he ae 150
Beautiful, II, 150
) leaved, LI; 152
eal, II, 147
II, 147
Thyme fies 455150
Sani
petal III, 221
Bear’s- foot, ee 220
Coast
heriag eh got
Pacific, Ill, 221
sh, I
Sh arp touted, = on
Sierra oom
Tubero a pon
Sanseitatin: ’ Abert’s,
IV;
Sarekpatit: T, 458
bie. “i 215
Sat
MakGene. 7 III, 646
San Miguel, I ase rics
Searweet J Amer
IV, 509
SAXIFRAGE FAMILY,
erect 2
Pigmy, Il 358
Piper’s, II, 362
Purple,
ii;
Red-stemmed, II, 360
Rusty, II, 366
Sierra, II, 362
otte
97
Schoenoerambe II, 246
Schoenolir
Tract d, 14
White ek LAt2
Scopulophila, II, 113
Scorzone
Scouring- -rush (see
Rus
Screw-bean, IT,
Screw~ Sores 520
Sea-blit
Black, IL, 95
California II, 96
ET 95
Sea
Sel -pink, III,
Sea-scale, II, 84
edella
Congdon’s, II, 333
Mount Hamilton,
Sierra; 1, 33%
SEDGE “ideas P2255
edge
Abruptly Beaked,
Alpine
Sierra, I, 333
Ample-leaved, I, 327
Awl-fruited, I, 298
teen
Bro
:
ade, I, 317
Clasping-bracted,
2
Cloud, I, 309
Clustered
647
Northern, we 315
Coiled, I,2
Flaccid- dea :
Foot-hill, I, 2
Ox, a 296
Wes 295
Fr agile sheathed 1,'30:
Geyer’s, I, 31
Golden. ‘fruited, 13322
4
ee net bary £2335
athed, I, 302
tet
Orney’s 324
Mountain, T, 307
nd, I
Inv ofute-leaved, I, 291
Jon
desert Ss, 7 Je
Large-headed, I, 293
Lemmon’s, I, 325
Long-awned Alaskan,
Long-stoloned, I, 319
Luzula-leaved, I, 326
a-like, I, 325
Merten’s, I, 332
oe jE 8
Moana
Nea
648
[Sedge]
Nebraska, I, 334
L 97
Piper’s, I
Porcupine, I, 343
Presl’s, I, 312
3
ocky Mountain,
3
Holm’s, I, 332
Ross’, I, 320
Rough, I, 337
Rough-sheathed, I, 333
Round- ag rf 319
Rus ty, ;
Slender-beaked, Ss 302
oe ibs
Smal ‘rated, 1313
oth
Scag fruited, 1,330
Smooth-stemmed,
2 |
Softcleaved 1 $14
“hick-fruited, I, wile
“*hick-headed, I, :
‘hread-leaved, i, aa
) 7 + 4 4 Jn
3
)
, 30
riangular- fruited,
I, 32
waar t2
At ERS 7330
Vernacular, I, 291
Water, I, 336
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Well- fruited, . oe
1,339
Sedu aes vy aad petaled,
"344
Seep- willow, IV, 386
ae GINELLA FAMILY,
I, 46
Selaginella
y Mountain, I, 48
ur oe III, 628
= pintaagihee MILY, IT, 478
na, Armed, II, 479
Sequoia, Giant, I, 69
, 471
Séabanis "Big-podded,
II, 562
Shad-scale, II, 87
Shamrock, IT, 523
ais Fat, IT, 87
pod
peta II, 579
Purple, II, 578
III, 224
Bee s Purse,
Shield pod, California,
gar nese aH 290
Shooting Sta
Sidaltea-.
Cre copies: TI, 103
Cut-le aved, III, 106
ged, III 98
Glancous, Ii 105
Hairy
ake i a
Hartweg’s, It, 01
H
gress Powers
III
a 05
Spiked ae 102
SILK-TASSEL FaMILy,
Silver-weed
ecrae ee —
Pacific,
Siepasbates oid
II, 267
Skeleton- plant, Thorny,
V, 568
Skeleton Weed, II, 34
Skul
Austin's Lit; 623
e, IIL 624
Beat leaved,
11,6
Sn a IIT, 623
Skunk Bush, ITT, 51
Smallage, , 228
Small-scale, IT, 83
Sm eed
Smilax Californ “
anes fees Desert,
EE
Snake- a. III, 220
Snakes-head, IV, 576
| Ti6!:
Ev;
Western, “i 62
Snapdr.
ewirs. TIL. 790
Dimorphic, ITI, 791
Garden, ITT, 789
Golden De sert, IIT, 788
Lax, HI, 783
Least, III, 791
Nuttall’s, Il 1,791
Oval-leaved, III, 791
ee ee III, 790
Talli 89
Violet eine ble
ITI, 784
White, ITI, 790
Wir y, III, 790
Yellow Twining,
ITI, 783
Sneezeweed
Bigelow's, IV, 211
Ni 2t2
Western, IV, 210
Snowball, IV, 47
Snowberr
Common, IV, 48
anoa, III, 374
oliva
Common, IV, 400
South American,
Solomon's Seal
re I, 54
Spectacle Pod, II, 286
Speedwell
American Alpine,
ITI, 793
Broad-fruited Water,
III, 79
Copeland’ 2 bi 793
nal Ill, 796
rine ara cle se 793
Persian, III,
Sonar es
me-le aved, on 793
abe destnas §
HT 273
Spikenard, California,
i aps
woop
: ne horned, ry 15
a, 25;
<
Spatula pleas iS
: pil
cae I, 411
soca “ 181
Ose- emo ;t81
Senn Beauty, Western
£322
Spring Gold, IV, 454
Spruce
, 1, 62
SPURGE any: 1128
Spu
Abra, JEL, 39
Clift. III, 3 32
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Cypress, III, =
Desert, ITI, 3
Hall’s iets, TI, 24
Hoover’s, III, 4
Indian, III, 42
Large, III, 40
Leafy, III, 35
Louse, IIT, 40
III, 34
Reticulate- seeded,
2
Hl,.3
Ridge-seeded, III, 39
Shrubby, III, 24
Spurr
5
ehgele, II, 473
ye tail, I, 246
m1 254
Bottle-brush, I, 254
STAFF- TREE FaMILy,
os 53
Pos
Hill, IT, 369
Elegant, 1
Green banded, I, 441
Hairy, I, 434
Large- ees I, 437
Lobb’s, I, 436
pom veges I, 438
437
Long-stilked: Il, 139
Northern, II, 139
Rocky Mountains,
t. Catharine’ s Lace,
It
Steers Head, II, rs
Steironema, III, 3
a gy redores
ITI, 731
Stensnthienk: Western,
Stenophyllus, Hair-like,
Stenotopsia, IV, 283
Chicory-leaved,
Few-flowered, IV, 572
Gray, IV, 57
uarge- -flowered,
Tv, 70
eee leaved,
EY;
5
V, 574
Small-flowered,
Veatch's s, M1, 139
Venta
White brated, a J, 140
Tit 557
cere ds IIT, 550
O
Pink, I
Velvety, III, 555
Western, IIT, 549
Stick-tight, IV, 128, 129
1V:t368
res leaved, base 30
Mojav
Seimpaceee bush, 1, 483
Stink Be see
Stink-w
California, II, 326
5,45 327
California, I; 130
t, I, 129
Com n, IIT, 116
pn Cansiian:
TI, 417
Ry flowered,
III, 117
Scouler’s, a 116
Stock, II, 3
ene ie ILY,
oi
ieee II, 346
Narrow-petaled, IT, 34¢
Pacific, II, 346
Star-fruited, II, 346
Poeiedierto air Il, 253
Strept
Alpin ae 7s 248
Bearded, 248, 249
Brewer’s, II, 249
a Dien: II, 250
Samoe EE. 247
650
[Streptanthus :
Tamalpais
Varied- leaved II, 251
Styloclin
Poebodus IV, 486
Hooked, IV, 4
Styrax, rayhena
Hit. 3
Sugar Bowls, II, 193
Sugar Bush, III, 51
7
u only
Sullivantia, Oregon,
at, 35
Sumac Famity, III, 50°
“Chapera LH;54
51
undew
Obteng: leaved, II, 330
Round-leaved, II, 330
SUNFLOWER FAMILY
IV, 98
IV,
Woolly Dwarf, IV, 104
Seer sie
eee es
Sweetie, II, 458
gp goatee s, II, 614
614
8
lunt-fruited, I, “eas
California, IIT, 22
Mountain, ITI oe
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Purple, III, 226
Western, III, 226
weet-clover
White, a 521
Yellow 21
Sweet res III, 241
Sweet Gale, I, 508
pasting scented Shrub,
Parry's, a, a
Pine
Shintae. 3 Oe 63
gl sab stemmed,
Syeamore IT, 406
Syn
bias IV, 234
Syrin
California, me, 385
t-1E.3
ack he it} er
Lewis’, II, 384
Tack-stem
White, IV, 582
ellow, IV, 583
aaa Til, 373
Talin
Oka cals. — 121
Spiny, III, 12
Tamarack, eis
60
TAMARISK Famity,
0
Five-stamened,
III, 120
French, III, 12
Small- ry Ene
II, 120
Tamarisk Salt Tree,
III,
tae aS
376
Cinquefoil, IV, 398
Dune, IV, 397
Sierra, II, 2
estern, ig tk
TAPE-GRASS FamI_y,
I, 103
Sle
Tine, II, 616
on IV, 410
— eed
IV, 192
Catalin, IV, 174
Chile 170
Cleveland . IV, 184
Hall’s, 1V; 17,
Hayfield, IV, 182
Headland, IV, 170
Heermann’s, IV, 186
EV: 168, et 176
Small, IV, 1
So onoma nd a
Tecate, IV, 178
Three- rayed, Ae 176
Tracy’s, IV, 1
Pid airins IV, ne
schia
be stew III, 243
artweg’s, III, 243
Hoover’s, III, 242
Howell’s, III, 243
Kellogg’s, III, 243
Parish’s, III, 243
Southern, III, 242
Strickland’s, III, 242
TAXODIUM FAMILY
I, 68
Tea, California, II, 553
TEASEL Famity, IV, 64
Tea
Fuller’ “f of 64
Wild, I
lee Vien
ITI, 66
Ec Weed,
1V;2
Tetra
Holly. fae III, 24
Le 246
enersty iy "244
Red-purple, II, 242
Sasittate, IT, 243
Short-podded, II, 243
Siena ek wind.
Yellow- flowered,
1. aps
Therm
Cabtoseaa, II, 482
Rocky Mountain
II, 482
Silvery, II, 482
Slender, II, 482
Thin Tail, I, 238
Thistl
Anderson’s, IV, 536
Ashland, IV, 518
Distaff, IV, 5
Douglas’, IV, 520
warf, IV, 532
Edible, IV, 528
Fountain, IV, 538
Franciscan, IV
Peregrine, AV, $22
Red, I
pas (ates
IV,
Russian, II, 96
Scotch, IV, 510
oor, flowered,
IV.5
RAE ss 530
Smooth Distaff,
iV, 512
Snowy, IV, 526
Sicen | Mountain,
IV 3
PM ie 520
Surf, IV, 528
n
San ee wee 635
San Diego, III, 635
Santa Cs. III, 635
Thousand Mothers,
Th €; 1,27
Thrift, California,
III, 3
Thyme Creeping ’
III, 6
Tiarlla, Laciniate,
371
ace II, 46
Tidy Tips, ee 160
Tillae ea, II, 3
Wild, I,
Ti nidaeky iat toe ~
Tipton-weed, III, 1
ad-flax
Bastard, I,
arger Blue, 8
Indian, ITT, 685
— flowered;
I, 684
Mexican, IIT, 684
Ban 4
Faas a III, 66
Tofieldia, Western,
372
Telguacha ITI, 682
II, 474
Large-flowered,
III, 782
Small-flowered,
Tooth- “cup, III, 164
Toothw
Calton, II, 283
Tornillo, 1 478
Tor +; Small leaved,
tL, a
Touch- -me-not, Pale-
w, III, 59
Townu
Climbing, III, 373
——— Ill, ah
Tracyina, IV, 3
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Tragia, Desert, III, 29
eciieee _ og
Tre
Tre af Hbdved) III, 19
Trefoil, Bird’s-foot
Ti 353
Tricardia, III,
Tri choc coronis, ey, 496
riodia
Awnless, I, 184
Low, I, 184
Trisetum
Beardless, I, 167
403
Trixis, ata
IV,
Tropid
Caper- oak II, 285
Slender, IT, 2
Trumpet
Desert, IT, 31
Little, II, 30
Yellow, IT, 30
Tule Potato, I, 101
Tu meniew ert II, 99
Tun
Coville's omg 152
ae piesa TE 152
Turkey- lah fet
13738
Turkish Rugging, II, 6
Turnip, II, 274
Porvantinetedls
LV;
Turpentine Weed,
I, 619
Turtleback, IV, 456
Twaybla
Broad-lipped, I, 480
Heart-leaved, I, 480
Loese
l’s, I, 481
Northwestern I, 480
Twin-berry, Black,
Twin-flower, Western,
Ea ted-
stalk
Clasping-leaved, I, 457
Simple-stemmed, I, 458
Umbrella > acevan Ji355
e, III, 20
Yellow, IV, 2
Uropappus, IV, 558
VALERIAN FAMILY,
IV, 56
Valerian, IV, 56
Califottia, LV p57
Northern, IV, 57
e
eria
n, II, 2
pore lowered, a a |
1¢224
Vanilla aes 11219
V b,t1ij2
Venus’ ia, on
IV, 78
Small, IV, 78
Vera Dulce, III, 613
erbena
Cluster-flowered,
III, 610
Mintleaved, bet 611
Rough, III,
Wascen: a oi
VERVAIN FAMILY,
ae -—
Ver
Blue, e,
Br aan aL "612
Desert, III, 6
Mu len- laved, “ie 611
ran tg II, 6
jee i, 617
Smaller ‘Common,
i
Spiny Milk, IT, 568
Spring, II, 615
Winter, II, 617
Woolly, II, 617
Vetchling
Low, II, 619
Marsh, II, 622
651
Ag a II, 6
Viburnum, oe leaved,
7
Viguiera
Laciniate, IV, 1
Leathe leav “298
IV; 21
Nev fing IV, 112
Parish’s, IV; 3i2
Vinegar Wee d, III, 619
Viotet Famicy, III, 123
Violet
Alas ka, TEE pr
B
Butterfly, III, 129
California Golden,
Canada, III, 129
i ae — 129
Douglas’, III,
E te ;
III, 132
Evergreen, IIT, 126
Golden, ITI, 125
Great Basin, ITI, 125
He 1 325
ooked- -spur, III, 129
ee Ill, 125, a
Langsdorf’s, ITI, 1
prea ag s oe “
a III, 1
e, III, 12
Redwood, aoe 126
129
olymni, III, 129
5
s
leaved, III, 126
piney Sweet White,
III, 1
Waciee: Water,
III, 132
Yellow Wood, III, 125
Small- leaved, ? 194
Western,
hasenae robin
Repand, IT, 315
Sierra, II, 318
Western, IT, 318
Watnut Famicy, I, 509
652
Walnut, California,
Wart- -cress, Lesser,
Ee?
ht ete ae ae
Wat r-cres s, Ti; 276
Water rate IV, 96
Water Hem
Bola nder’ : a 238
Bulb-bearing, III, 237
\W cee rFackey ae 667
WaTE FaMIty,
III, 476
Waterlea
California, ap 478
Fe ndler
Water- ecg
Autumna IL. 43
Seon Ill, =
se ornia, III, 4
batter r-wally, IV, 386
peieny Mountain, L 103
rend IV, 384
, 168
Wax-myrtle, California,
ii, 33
Whisk-broom, IT, 35
Whisker-brush, III, 427
Whispering Bells,
IE, 521
White-heads, Swamp,
nolan rns tt, 294
INDEX OF COMMON NAMES
Carolina, II, 292
ie eee II, 294
292
Whit itueya a EVs:
W Sacer est
Red, III, 329
WILLOW FAMILY, I, 486
illow
— I, 500
ses be I, 496
arclay’s, I, 498
ea I, 503
Bebb, I, 506
Bluish, > an
Bog, I, 4
Brewer's 4 504
c
1,4
False Mounain, 7. 497
Farr’s, I, 495
Fe athe: ovein: : ae
Firm-leaf, I, 4
Rocky Mountain;
I, 507
Canater: I, 505
Sierra, I, 499
Silver-leaved, I, 492
lavate-f ;
Tit 177
elicate, III, 176
Elevated, III, 17
ai wf
cadutsens IIl, 179
a. III, 176
Slender-fruited,
III, 176
now Mountain,
HI, 2
Stiff, 113,173
White-flowered,
9
RGREEN FAMILy,
Winte
Kou Spicy, III, 306
Bog, III
Common, an 291
English, III, 291
Gree — fiawees d,
Saber-shaped, I, 3
bee shaped, c er
Woodsi
Oregon,
ky Mountain, a .
Wane: -SORREL Fam
Trillium-leaved,
III, 8
BAL en breeches,
479
Woolt-heas, i 2
Seaside, IV, 228
seed, II, 315
Wormwood, IV, 4
Woundwort, Field,
III, 631
Wyethia
Bolander’s, IV, 101
Coville’s, IV, 102
Humb oldt, IV, 104
Southern, IV, ‘100
White-rayed, IV, 104
Xerasid
Fremont’s, IV, 234
Lemmon’s, IV, 234
Yampah
Bolandas’s III, 234
Parish’ 234
Prinele's, Ill, 234
— ommon, IV, 390
Yellow, IV, 227
Yellow Bell, I, 426
Yellow-c
Blunt- Bae - med
Colu mbia tIs2
ke: oake Rattle, i, _
Yellow Turban
Yerba ‘Amavilia. ul, 13
Yerba Buena, III, 6
Yerba de Chivato,
1,19
Yerba de la Rabia,
Yerba de soak Lt, $88
Yerba-de-tag
beg del Panes
447
Bore nde II, 388
Yerba Mansa, I, 485
Yerba ses .A19
Palmer’s, = 12
Yerba Sant
California, III, 526
ma LTE. 522
c,IIL, ny 6
San eg chat 527
Thick- = ne 527
woe Tit, 527
patric T5850
w, Western, I, 51
You -on- gene II, 374
Yu
Fleshy- sheers I, 447
Mojavy 47
Desert, I,
Fremont's, I, 375
Giant, I,
Glaucous a 375
Sema
6
ocky ree OES gd
Mn Poa 1,376
Abama, I, 372
californica pore
décidentalis, I, 373
bi 65
concolor, I, 67
pale tag I, 65
I, 66
heterophstlo, Ag =
magn
ITI, 86
hastensis, I, 67
menziesti, I, 62
mucronata, I, 64
nobilis, I,
magnifica, I, 67
pattoniana, I, 6
picea, I, 65
shastensis, I, 67
venusta, I, 68
williamsonit, I, 63
bronia, II, 1
acutalata, oz 110
alba, Il,
alpina 3 oe 1
angulata, BH; Se
arenaria, II,
turbinata, II,
umbellata, Il, aa 110
onyms and references in italic.]
variabilis, r eT,
villosa, II
Mistiahind inten
IV, 410
Abutilon, ne a 110
abutilon
i eh pits
newberryi, III, 84
m, IIT, 83
2
Acamptopappus, IV, 2
microcephalus, IV, a
shockleyi, IV, 262
sphaerocephalus,
262
hirtellus, IV, 262
ACANTHACEAE, IV, 13
Aca meee enae corru-
ealike II, 14
po olygonoides, {7,12
rigidum
Acsdtioniateg he 635
carphacd artemisiae
- oi V, 242
Acer, HI, 56
bern ardin num, III, 58
californicum, Ill, 58
modocense, Hil, 38
ps sie iiekce
III, 56
torre ae a
ACERA ACEA E,
pet en ne
pent III, 375
tom rentosa, III, 375
borealis, IV, 390, mae
arenicola, IV, 39
vey Sate, a 391
A 1V;3
californica, vi 391
IV, 390
A ichyranthes lanugi-
pecan
dchyrodes, L 196
aur.
Porites tL 111
Aconitu 190
laccaefolium,
a ate rtia im icrocephala,
V, 550
eee affinis,
alvicaulis, III, 139
nitens, III,
pectinata, IIT, 139
veatchiana, III, 139
Acroptilon picris,
653
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
[Families and tribes in SMALL CapiItaLs; genera and species in Roman:
sy
IV, 541 |
Acrostichum marantae,
e es
i ae A I, 20
Pes 78
arguta; ab 17
elata, II, 1
spicate, u, 17, 179
arguta,
A rte:
eri,
le mmonii;
odorata LIV, 0
Actinella biennis,
V, 208
eee rYV;, mi
pak
rickardsonil canescens,
IV, 208
Actinolepis lanosa,
1¥i2
lemmonii, IV, 234
‘acet, 1V, 230
I, 347
neo-me-xicana, III, 349
Aden lon, IV, 416
bicolor, IV, 416
iuteprifo olium, IV, 416
Adenostegia bolanderi,
canescens, IIT, 849
hansenii, Ill, 855
nelleri, III, 850
He ei involucrata,
intra, III, 853
pringlet, III, 8
evibracteata,
ITT, 853
tenuts, III, 857
viscida, III, 855
Adenostoma, II, 446
fasciculatum, II, 4
fas. ea Se densi
654
<5 Sete
rum, II, 446
ra i = 446
630
gone gees nardos-
a, IV, 457
‘Adieu tum, I, 23
ca ilisemet:
J; 23,24
emarginatum, I, 24
jordani, I, 24
ee i »1,24
pedatu m aleuticum,
, 24
angiferinum, I, 24
hitolpicis alld; 79
ve entina ciliate,
IV,1
Aegilot hystrix, I, 254
incurva, I,
incurvata, | I, 239.
des
stalactites III, 445
Aes chynomene sesban,
II,
AESCULACEAE, III, 58
Aesculus, III, 58
californica, m1, 58
hippocastan
III, 38
Agastache, ITI, 624
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
on IV, 564
IV,
villosa, IV, 563
gracilens, IV, 564
564
tsomeris, LV, 563
leonsinton aspera,
IV,
longissima, os 563
plebeia
sae etl WV, 564
retrorsa, I
nou ata
IV, 563
ryposepala, = 446
Snes. II, 446
Agropyron, I, 239
arenicola, I, 249
bi
a
gt Arona 1, 240
occidentale my
gmelin i pringle, . 244
in rm 242
leusneiniael I, 240
laev as we
prin
faeudorcne hi 242
eeaay T, PF
riparium, I, 240
axicola, I, 244
smithii, I, 241
lle 1
spicatum, I, 244
ie eng ia eg
mo e,1,2
puberulentum, y 244
pubescens, I, 2
eubeilfosin : pee
m, I, 242
ongifoinm, 1242
239
californica, I, 153
canina aequivalvis,
I, 149
ee I, 145
cruciata, 1, 176
crtanis I, 146
152
geminata,
grandis, I,
longiligula, I, 154
lut eo com Ger
ma a4
morophl ss oe
#1, 153
miliace, £135
a, 1,153
occidentalis, 1,152
or 6. 1155
yacemesa, I, 139
scabra, I, 154
retrofracta, I, 149
rossae, 7 Pi
scabra
seth ced Ts ‘ 154
oo uleri, 1, 15
sen. I, 55
spica-ve Pha
i mi L an 150
pie aso 155
thu rberi
variabilis, I, 153
varians, I, 153
Ranting ig IIE, 19
, 16
atro tee I, 165
aespitosa, I, 16
ve illaris, 1, 166
car reephyitea 1 166
cristata, I 169, 170
conia, I
pea fraesitinge IV, 104
helenioides, 1V, 102
Albonia peregrina,
III, 19
lcina saith y oe
IV,
a arcti-
s, III
nese rnd mE “ $4
pacificus, III
Alguelagum oon pe
maurorum, II, 614
Ebdon triodon,
III
pestitins III, 471
Ali seered niger ay, 63
geyeri, I, 98
slantaaen -aquatica,
I,9
rostratum, I, 99
re te ‘ordatun, ‘, ”
Auber a nae
IV, 390
ae ae procumbens.
I, 669
Allenrol ea, II, 90
ziy coccised;
malacoides II, 104
cuspidatum, I, 390
gracile, I, 39
ambiguum, I
ampeloprasum, I, 380
amplectens,
anceps, I, 38
aberrens, ry 387
ewe , 385
fibrillum, I, 393
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
fesbainiee I, 389
acre i 383
m,1,3
cere. ts 383
3
ace la,
c
ment a 390
phe cals III, 570
ey
1563, 567
anne pie, III, 561
arcolata, III, 571
III, 562
bracteata, III, 570
californica, III, 571
conjuncta, ll, 570
cooperi,
ppd a At 565
Pict III, 562
‘yocarpa
dispar, III, 571
di stantiflora. III, 562
diva ricata, III, 566
PN Hoe Tit, 561
figurata, , 565
filicaulis, III, 567
hen nil, III, 587
hick sae 565
hirta, III,
co eR IIT, 565
hispidula, III, 570
unda, III, 566
pea tree III, 566
laxa, III, 5
leibergii, i 570
leptoclada, III, 562
limicola, III, 559
m a, III,
mollis, III, 559
stita, III, 559
nigra, III, 570
oricola, III,
pratensis, III, 567
ramosa, III,
reti culata, Ill, 571
t
tenera, III, pe
trachycarpa
II,
ursi num fuluescens,
LE St
Allasonas mucronatus,
I, 31
Allotropa, III, 292, 293
virgata, III, 293
Ne nus,
incana virescens,
Ly
occidentalis, I, 514
es 143
3
paliack 2, b
pratense 143
, 1, 143
Alvan TI, 613
wrightii, III, 613
Alsinanthomin euro-
jlnttielcs. III, 333
Bender! baicalensis,
I, 138
bbcaeel iL i585
viridula, II, 139
was: shingtoniana,
II, 139
Alsinella ciliata, He 145
aulis, II, 1
jectteutalin Il, oy
AT oc, Diner, pe 3 4
é P t/ ¥ a,
II, 146
douglasii, II, 146
656
[Alsinopsis]
howe ili, TL, 146
pits ba, Tl, 150
calyctnum, II, 319
AMARANTHACEAE, II, 98
Aviavuntlids , II, 98
baictestes, TI; 99
albus, IT, 99
blitoides, II, 9
rassior, I
californicus, II, 99
pe teo“gy ;
98
Amareta pe ay
iis
copelandis, 135359
lembertit , III, 359
Us procumbens,
I, 323
Aaaavicioatcad:
I, 459
Amauria dissecta,
FY; 221
A oe gn ad dissecta,
IV, 2
A ees moschata,
muvicata ,1V, 542
Amblo cyna fimbriata,
II, 99
ior its Staal IV, 248
neo
IV.2
seiactie. IV, 2
Ambri
artemisiifolia,
integrifolia,] a Laas
pilostachya, Vv. as
cali — fie 148
pumila, 148
trifida, IV,
eet IV, 146
ROSIINAE, IV, 140
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Amelanchier, II, 470
alnifolia covillei,
II, 470
pallide, II, 473
hensis, II, 471
ice pl oe
covillei, IT
uneata, Il, ts
cusiclei 21,471
1
ovalis semiintegri-
folia, II, 471
pallida, II, 473
II, 471
Amaltax itais:
IV, 263
Ametron pedatum,
a
Amide gracilis, 1V, 170
hirsuta, 1V, 170
Stat
modenia, TL, 152
pests II, 154
peploides major,
Amodi oregona,
T¥;2
Am heat scorzone-
raefolius, 1V, 563
woodtae, III, 607
prelate III, 607
prs: IIT, 606
, III, 606
elomerata, “ee Tried
ei orio
ran ndifiira’ in oe
4, IIT, 607
fe ller
howell, III, 607
end! Ill, 607
media, III, 607
poe edia
eastwoodiae, III, 607
ITI, 606
n
heen: ut, 04
lycopsoides
ITI, 603, 606, 607
i
munzit, I
III, 3
tomentosa, ITI, 368
AMYGDALACEAE, it 465
,
este cnet, II, 466
fremontit, II, 466
ANA pies age IIT, 50
Anacharis canadensis,
a 103”
qe
IV, 4 a
Anatallis, TE 333
pitt, 333, 004
pees < coer,
III
scasae decumbens,
HES
Anaphals, nae 484
IV, 485
“occidentalis oy. 485
, 485
Cae IV, 485
wading: IV, 485
Ancistrocarphus fila-
ineus, 1 8
Andro ocera lobata,
ITT, 681
rostrata, III, 681
gers tag axillaris,
III
bracteesa, TAT 325
FE; 337
filiformis, III, 337
maxima, III, 337
occidentalis acuta,
3s
Peter iar I, 410
nelsonia eurycarpa,
=
Anemone, IT,
adamstana, cy is
3
quinquefolia grayi,
1y,19
lyallii, II, 193
canbyi, III, 272
genuflexa, III, 272
hendersonii, III, 269
RMAE, I, 79
Anisocarpus Sibeniiers
IV, 165
madioides, 1V, 166
fan is, EV: ~
ran PIV.1
vosemitanis Iv. be
Sas socoma, IV, 5
pence "TV, on
a senda argensis,
II, 543
argyraeus, IL, 543
brach
cristata digi
IT, 110
triangularis digitata,
III, 110
shoe nanan geen
IIT,
doi ne asiana, es 194
longiflora, III, 195
pallida ee
195
Anoplantis piece
IV,
o poner mensiesil,
IE. oi
Ante a. IV, 474
alpina media, 1V,478
478
oe Bidar oer IV, 478
475
anaphaloides, IV,
angustifolia, IV, 480
carpatica lanata,
IV, 478
—_ IV,4
oncolor
“ 4
IV,4
ra sponte IV, pis
dioica corymbosa,
kernensis, IV, 480
Moose IV. 480
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
geyeri, IV, 478
gormannit, IV, 478
latisquama, IV, 484
eucophae IV, 478
ape daronty Tv, i
argentea
a, 1V
oblanceolata, ie 476
pt atin sub-
alpina,
sti
a
=00
wn
I
marginata, IV, 482
l Vv
sols ~— - IV, 480
nardin
asglerm pe
IV, 482
oblanccolata, IV, 476
parvifolia, IV, 482
pedicellata, IV, 482
‘gee
>
eal
rhodantha, IV, 482
aclV.4
pei IV, 480
Fiigoetigreis el 480
cabra, IV, 4
solstitialis aa
oph
tomentella, IV, 478
mbrinella, IV, 480
WFHEMIDESE IV, 387
As
Anthemis, IV, 388
slsiitea IV, 389
arvensis, IV, 388
tinctoria, IV, 389
Anthericum ossifra-
gum, I, 372
sation m, I, 430
Antheropeas, 1V, 230
Antho opogon simplex,
Tit
Ant ia. 1423
scandic
pain IIT, 22
Anticlea Po
fre meee fe 375
Antipas opposit
folia
sp pie b eae va 788
rrhinifior
pes , 784
sppendiculatum,
asarina, Pak 783
breweri, III, 790
nite lium, III, 790
canadense, Ill, 786
ee ertiflorum,
poh Se III, 783
venosum
coulterianum,
IIT, 790
appendiculatum,
I
nevinianwm ; III, 790
reuttian
em arginatum, 111, 790
glandulos
ae 789,
ad beten um, IIT, 783
ie t, III, 783
kingit II, 791
leptaleum, IIT, 790
linaria, III, 784
majus, ‘III, ret 789
mau spear
paces
orum, III, 4
m, ITI,
subsessile, III, 791
orcuttianum, oo 790
ovatum, III, 79
putianad III, ong
is
subse
ua Bene III, 778
pies Ill, 790
bolanderi, III, 790
breweri, III, 790
rimorum, Ill, 790
-rillo- tolyenlatene,
“TIL. 790
breweri, III, 790
virga,
Anulocaulis annulatus,
+.
A ey borealis,
556
Apargiinm, oh ae
ée,IV,5
‘ pein ts SL.
I,
~ ra spica-venti,
Apeton opis alni-
folia
A phanes sBogORae
II,
occidentalis, IT, 445
Aphantochacta erilis,
pate: serrata, IIT, 26
Aphyllon arenosum,
657
IV,8
californicum, IV, 6
comosum, IV,6
cooper IV, 8
fasctoule tum, IV, 5
faicdeaiere ‘luteum,
IV;5
nia Sib 5
widatase
pir Soca. hh 6
sedi, IV, *
idiavasen. iV;
uniflorum occidentale.
violoceum, IV,6
Apiastrum, III, 222
1, III, 230
IT, 228
Bie ~
Apleappus vent be
ranted IV, ee
haenkei, lV, 3
sthacrocephalus,
IV
lari tes IV, 336
androsaemifolium,
III, 369
i oe Ill, Ng
II, 3
Hinder, III, ie
arcuatum, IIIT, 370
oe ae Al
bicolor
bola ner fe Se
brewe
calophsiluin, TIT, 370
uksdortii, 11 369
cardiophyllum,
Br: 370
rei ne ium, III, 370
III, 370
oribundum, III, 369
ype ree Sorc salig-
num, 369
= num, OTT. 369
— a 369
luri ERI 3
feb Sone: ae lg
iun " oribundur
Vv coil to m, ITI, 369
polycardivut, III, 370
658
[Apocynum]
pubescens, III, 369
nneeserg Ill, 370
milum, III, 370
rebicenambeise:
III, 370
rhomboideum, IIT 370
penryg tan ium
III
rubi ara III, 369
ealignim /I,
scopu ulorum, IIT, 369
sibiricum salignum,
III, 369
Sane? III, 370
ee
an!
oO
80
ea flavescens,
II, 179
californica, II, 180
— ¥ ="
osa
ig 180
cens, II, 179
formosa Il 180
’
ambigua intermedia,
1i;3
angustifolius, ~ Aad
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
deserti, II, 305
drum umondii, II, 307
6
pu iene pen II, 307
glabra, II, 302
xisocoratvule II,-311
hirsu
s, II, 629
subpinnatifida, Th=3t1
beckwitht i, II, 311
E, z, I, 345
Aragallus acutirostris,
II, 6
io sid II, 613
ARALIACEAE, III, 213
uva- ursi, Ill, 310, 312
Arceuthobium, I, 529
abietinum, I, ae
americanum, I, 5
campylopodum, > —
tsuge nse, 1,531
—— ngelica gmelinit,
269
percents, III, 269
rad
TE, 244
Arctodracon camtscha-
v
acuta,
arguta diversifoli ia,
tit, 3
otiehouba: TIT, 322
campbelliae, Ill, 323
candidissima, III, 319
canescens, III, 3
onomensis, ine ao
a, III, 319
cleveland, III, 308
columbian
“TIL 312 320
cra III, por
a, III, 3
coneeniiaaee od 325
crustacea,
IT; $23,:325
rosei, 1,3
tomentosiformis,
III, 325
cushingiana, III, 323
domahiere. III, 31
oo
elegans,
ca pera TH5323
Siena TE 323
hingiana, — 323
howellii, III, 3
mollis, III, ei
zacaensis, Ill, o23
—_— , III, 326
micola, III, 326
a, ILI, 322
imstitarias , 316
-P be ns, = 317
323
ns —— pacea,
rns III, Stes
Fer Preraes
ae ia 314
regismontana, iil, 322
rosei, III, 325
minus, IV,
nemorosum, IV, 508
Arenaria, II, 145
aculeata vy a
biflora, II, 1
brevi ‘folia eaeine
, 146
burkei, ¥.15]
californica, II, 146
art ty II, 150
aris ursina,
#
cephaloides, IE, 152
ompacta, IT, 151
gregaria, II, 147
oblongifolia, II, 154
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
obtusa, II, 150
obt
palustris, II,
peploides major,
Th;
propinqua, II, 147
II, 145 150
ursina,
propin
pubescen au. 147
Pht ber ihe
I, 482
Argemone, II, 230
c
3
intermedia corymbosa,
II, 230
mexicana, II, 230
unita
ARISTOLOCHIACEAE,
Armeria, ITI, 344, 345
andina californica,
III, 345
arctica, III, 345
II, 409
racia ‘armoracia,
IL.2
Arnica, IV, 418
piperi, IV, 420
amplexifolia, IV, 420
angustifolia eradiata,
IV, 422
aphanactis, oe 423
8
‘ >
—
wo
SBSs
te
18, 419
chamissonia interior,
Pgs
folio
IV, “419, 420, 424
foliosa bernardina,
incana, IV, 420
jepsoniana, IV, 420
chandleri, IV, 424
— IV, 420
ordifolia
“TV. 421, 423, aa 426
eradiata, IV, 4
humilis, IV, hh 42
macrophylla, IV, 424
pumila, IV, de 425
cusicki, IV, 4
discoidea, IV, Oe
alata, IV, 426
eradiata, IV, 426
hirticaulis, ye
humilis, IV, 4
eee ,4
latifol
IV, 421, 423, 424
gracilis, IV, 424
viscidula, IV, 421
longifolia myriadenta,
macrophylla, IV, 424
eacecdeng™ ea, oe 423
pS IV, on
mollis
659
V, 420, 421, 424
0
sororia, IV, 422
iae, 14, 426
22
viscosa, IV, 426
Aromia tenuifolia,
IV, 24
Arthenatherum, : fade
avenaceum, |
elatius
Artemis ia, ee 6, 8, 403
wormskioldit,
V, 410, 411
californica, IV, 408
s, [V, 408
caste: IV, 410, 411
pponacehhela:
IV, 41
rv,
camporum, IV, 410
IV, 414
bolanderi, IV, 414
candicans 405
c
tilis, lV, 404
Fda IV, 414
desertorum, IV, 412
dou apes IV, 410
scouleriana, IV, 410
660
[Artemisia]
i iccie IV, 408
ee ,1V,4
nap halodes, IV, 405
heterdbhs
404, 4
tacomste, IV, 405
kennedyi, lV, 406
latiloba, IV, 405
letbergii, IV, 407
wetiniae IV, ney
erg 5, 406, 407
dougie IV, 406
gnaphalodes, IV, 405
incompta,
IV, 405, 408
latiloba, IV, 405
typica 05
matricarioides,
=
IV,
michauxiana, IV, 408
ht Sie IV, 405
nor
Vv.
Recah ne! 404
a, 1V
erat sys
pac Paige wv, 412
,1V, 4
seams - 412
pycnostachya, IV, 412
pu agile: rv. 406
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
unalaschcensis,
IV, 406, 407
ss coe
I
amgustifaliy ‘ i
arbuscula,
ig 8G WV pi
eh
ay ae 12
rothrocki, ae 414
ence
acumina otus. Il, 413
sylvester, II, 413
vulgaris, IT, 413
Arundo, I, 182
arenaria, I, 162
pers tenets 2 =
canadensis, I,
do nies sy 182, fet
fes a, 12197
phragmites, I, 183
vulgaris, 1, 183
4sagraea ee
if;s
~~ III, 783
ntir chiniflora:
SCLEPIADACEAE,
Tit; 372
Asclepias, III, tabe 378
albicans, III
brevicornu, HE ae
Bese
Pil aed re. 378
cordifolia,
IIT, 374, 375
cryptoceras, on 375
davisit, IIT,
douglasii, fr ir
a, LIE S75
pel sini Ill, Sif
erosa ees 377
obtus:
fasciewlaris | ASF ag
fren 1, WE STF
Loreto 7
latifolia, IIT, 375
leucophylla, Ill, 377
yale se a es vay
mexicana, III, 377
upotactnttues.
LH, 378
vestita, III, 375
parishii, III, 377
viridis, III, 378
Asclepiodora, III, 378
dec III, 378
Aseyrun ‘crux-andrece,
Tih, 1
Peni oi6) 1, 452
officinalis, I, 452
Aspera spica-venti,
1
Asperugo, IIT, 609
procumbens, IIT, 609
a, IV, 25
Aspre
gist aa 13255
Aspris ke
pat llaris, I, 166
secnsronct I, 166
x, I, 166
Amveyihitise III, 372
acrddenta’, IV, 284
case ndens, IV, 320
fr it 320
P
arryi, [V, 318
yosemitanus, IV, 320
adsurgens, 1V, 322
alpigenus, IV, 328
ee IV, 328
aydenii, IV, 328
mae IV, 328
oboe us, IV, 311
iple rifolius, ry a
amplissimus, IV so
pile ipen ged TV, 315
2, 1V,29F
habevencte IV, 314
bellus , IV, 332
bre vibracteatus,
FV33
benleenacunea: TV, 320
brickellioides glabra-
tus, IV, 324
chilensis,
ravi os
os visheum ans:
IV, 288
ciliomarginatus,
TV; 318
Piles aes ne 316
commutatus crassne
lus, 1V, 322
pence EViS1S
c V, 28
u aoEV OF
cusickii lyallii,
IV, 318
cu abaies: IV, 290
curtus, TV, 310
def us, IV, 322
delectabilis, 1V, 320
I al
a
=.
a
&
—
fiveeoud: IV, 320
eatonii, IV, 319
lau Ren hae
ledophelins, IV, fe
paucicapitatus
IV,
ensatus, IV, 316
ericacfolius, TV;.332
tenuis, IV, oe
ericina, IV, 286
ericoides, IV pes fF
eriocaulis, IV, 318
exilis, 1V, 330
gustralis, IV, BM
capus, I
faleatus ea dhlae
IV, 322
filaginifolius,
foliateus, IV, 318
apricus, IV, 318
he. esperius, IV, 316
ban IV, 318
IV, 318
floss, IV, 319
?
ines IV, 318
glaucescen
gla neopeaiee Ww. sé
glossophyllus, 1V, 334
gormanii, IV, 326
latahensis, IV, 316
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
latissimifolius sero-
tinus, IV, 294
ledophyllus,
IV, 324, ‘'
lentus, 1V, 3
lepidus, IV, oo
leucanthemifolius,
Ves
leucelene, IV, 332
linearifolis, IV, 283
gali, IV, 313
m I 4
mohavensis, IV, 336
molli. re
m ponies ey columb
sy?
va Liv. 3
multradions, ahs 296
7
oO NS
I $:5
delectabilis IV, 320
rme ediu BTV, 320
a 20
paladiedea. ‘ly, 318
ansus, IV, 322
parishii, IV, 290
paucicapitatus,
IV,
pe IV, vd
ii
resin osus, I"
latifolins, IV, =
sibiricus, 1V, 3
Seces: ad Pan
IV, 314
siskiyouensis,
IV, 324
piers ong EV. S10
S, TV, 322
sparlatus IV, 320
s, IV, 32
rmalis, 1V, 330
roimieants, IV, 294
us,
IV, 323, a eg
torreyi, IV, 3
tortifolius, Vv fae
funercus,
IV, 100, 336
tweedyi, TV, 318
umbraticus, IV, 319
unalaschkensis major,
Vv.
Py tee ‘ve tee
re be a
v scion, W, 298
IV. 3
ende ersonii, ri, =
seston s. 11,6
adsur, ae TIL. toy
agninus, IT, 597
albatus, II, 586
sreeud hte. Il. 578
—_— ai re
arre
conn eA 595
leibe , 594
arthur
ar
asymmetricus, II, 579
atratus meéensarus,
TES
ouyheensis, IT, 594
oral y uae
594
sustinie IJ, 609
austrinu , 606
be chewithé weiseren-
ruceae. IT, 603
californicus, IT, 573
661
calycosus, II, 600
rise serotinus,
II,
canadensis, II, 607
ande larius, II, ae
claris
ineus I ¥ 579
ox ytropidoides,
TE,
consectus, II, 578
cu spidocarpus, a. 598
cyrtoides
deflexu te a
de nsifolns, II, 585
deserticolus, I, 582
di bei Siphnt ht en 610
pr a ermu arias
STL. 5
dorvehnivies, iT 600
— jae i, II, 583
pa II,
us, ‘it 597
ofenicas II, 594
i
forwoodii wallowensis,
franciscanus, IT, 585
fremontii eremicus,
griseopubescens,
harwoodii, IT, 586
hasseanus, II, 571
hendersonii, I1, 606
vest has II, 585
hoodianus, IT, 5
hooke crianus Liwesot
II, 583
hornii, II, 589
tularensis, I1, 589
662
{ Astragalus]
howellii, II, 591
sus
incurvus, II, 577
ineptus, II, 599
inflexus, 577
, 578
nsularis harwoodii,
te 586
inversus, If, 571
ee
kentr mee elatus,
II, 568
kernensis, II, 599
laurentii, II, 574
layneae, II, 600
lectulus, Il, 578
lemmonii, IT, 609
idrie:
nsec . ue
subvestitus, II, 578
leucophyllus, 11, 579
leucopsis, II, 579
symmetricus, "ig 579
ipes, II,
matus, II, 58
montanus impensus,
2
tegetarius, II, 568
tris, 11, 606
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
canescens, TT, 6
oophorus, I, ee.
xyphysus, II, Pik
tinctu 578
pycnostachyus, II, 587
nosissimus, II, 587
60 ty
daturiotts
tejonensis,
tener tr 603
e, II, 603
ra nHtanoides, if 603
yee 607
IL 603.”
toreyi, it; nt
iae, II, 5
pecans 1, 602
trichopodus, II, 582
antisellii, II, 571
capillipes, II, 582
gaviotus, II, 571
triforus morans,
I, 586
meta
ventosus, I
vestitus iain
58
,
var. miguelensis,
iH,
viarius, II, 578
violaceus, II, 583
virgineus, II, 587
viridus impensus,
6
+p be
watsonii, II, 606
sinlayucsaines. IT, 583
Astrophia littoralis,
II, 6
Asyneuma, IV, 78
canesce V,78
pre enanthoides. IV, 78
Ataenia gairdneri,
HiT, 233
Gite alpini-
forme, II, 590
alpinum, IT, 590
cottonit, II, 589
Sania Il, 590
wallowense, II, 589
Athamanta chinensis,
Ih: 273
—_— a. oligo-
stachyu 179
radicosus, 2 Pig
Athyrium, I, 1
olaontes yeaa
ame ene wD es
cyclo. ry 19
filix- plese I,19
re poy ae 19
e451
unilateral, Il, 298
Atragene columbiana,
“(ve
rosseserrata, II, 194
Prtownts ris, IV, 584
pleleeey IV, 584
Atriplex 6
pepaiyi ts obtusa,
confertifolia, II, 87
cordulata, II, 83
tularensis, II, 83
ssa, II, 83
elega ns coronata, II, 79
fasciculata, I1, 83
expansa mohavensis,
IT, 82
f
gmelinii,
hasta
leuc ophylla, fi 84
lindleyi, 11,79
linearis, II, 87
es IT, 82
SCUu
nummular
II, 8
py ropa gland ea
anid III, 672
Atropis californica
grandiflora, III, 639
ptstonge ee
“pachystachyo,
I, 641
ieia he ne
III, 6
Prise Sieh 5 pet tata,
III, 641
pes og ae 642
I
polysta achya, III, 642
stachyoide. es, br 641
vaseyi, III
Aulosperm um a
tense acutifolium,
Ill, 277
watsonii, ved 277
mpacta, III, 115
sidaeformis, III, 115
Azalea albifiora,
californica, III, ee
nao ncaina wiagie |
Azale “um ali
III 39 Hs
29
Azolla, I, 35
filiculoides, I, 35
Baccharis, IV, 6, 3
Bacchar rob baal
IV, 384
brachyphylla, IV, "0
coerulescens, IV, 3
consanguinea, LY, =
douglasi ii, IV, 386
runcata, IV, 219
anthemotdes, IV, 219
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
mut ica, IV,2
V,218
caliente of “te
ase
chess
IV, re 214, ahh oa
gracilis, IV, 2
cle ementina, 4 Z =
crassa, IV, 215
curta, IV, 215
nuda, IV, 215
paleacea, IV, 215
tener errima, IV, 215
peduaage! ats 215, 216
14.215
W,2
bakeri, IV, 2
peso Sa iv uy
pauciaristata, IV, 214
thalassophila, IV, 214
maritima, IV, 218
ae IV, 216
min
IV. 214, 216, on
artemisiaefolia,
IV, 228
artemisiaefolium
Pst con yi 228
‘perl them
posh }
= ere
gracilis, 1V, 226
integrifolia, a 226
lanata, I
brachypods, IV, 226
grandiflora, IV, 226
latifolia, 1V. "226
IV, 225, 226
neomexicana, he 222
palmeri, IV, 2
parv venir IV, oor
rubella, 1V, 231
staechadifolium cali-
ornica, lV, 228
nudicautis, IV, 196
Beets adiata,. IV, 196
ne IV;
oecraliate IV, nh
pleniradiata, IV, 19
Balardia platensis,
Ir, 155
BALSAMINACEAE,
III,
Balsamita balsamita,
IV, 396
m V, 39
alsamorhiza, IV, 106
balsamorhiza, IV, 108
0
intermedia, IV, 108
acne ver raf a 107
flocco
elabrescens wv, 107
hirsuta, IV, 1
Lcsrcahals: oY. 108
neg leche IV, 108
hoo
V, 106, 108, 109
Pek
x ferehinthaces,
Banalia occidentalis,
Barbares, II, 275
mericana, IT, an
pa Si eowtEy a:
dolichacerbe, oy os
sce,
eee EAs
vulgaris, I, 276
IIT, 139
aurea, III, 137
porbtatees a JIT, 335
Boris sete
HE Dee
III,
UVISCOS. 4, i
Basilima cihefeKun,
II, 414
Bassia hyssopifolia,
II, 90
Batanthes aggregata,
III
bridgesii, III, 460
663
pulchella, III, 460
pungens, III, 455
BatipaceEag, III, 11
Batidaea page dite
II, 45
mesh II, 457
r, II, 457
Bates hium bak
’ ,
Beckwithia andersonii,
It2
austiniae, II, 214
Beckmannia, I, 179
rucaeformis, I, 179
asatt a, 1,179
neulgars IT, 160
0
, 14
plu umbaginielia
wlll
Ben Says
pens Ty 290
Bensonia, II,
oregona, IL. 374
Benthamia micro-
carpa, III, 607
BERBERIDACEAE, i, 216
aguifolon, II, 218
, II, 218
Berkheya, IV, 548
tases ier pA 548
Bernardia
corpnifai, it, 28
Bermuilona Ca
pan taee: I, 468
Berthelotia sericea,
IV, 466
Berula, III, 231
posh oo I, S11
664
[Betula]
alba, I, 511
papyraceca
ghd el caee Si?
papyrifer.
occidentalis Se 512
subco fos 1, 512
uaa +, oe
w iandililiels: ort
it E512
BeTuLacEAgE, I, 510
scars chilentix:
IV, 4
Ricweulla, Tt: 233
pT 233
Bic uspidaria involu-
crata, III, 140
tricuspis, ‘TIL, 140
Biden s, IV, 1 128, 136
ellipt ptic a, 1V, 128
ch aa alg oides,
I
cus ibe IV, 128
ansa, IV,
mandate IV, 129, 130
puberula, IV, 130
pes be rhe
ke log. Ae
lae
lon oh. Be nV. 128
melanocarpa, Ae 129
aes 1 aes Ne
pilosa, IV, 1 We
Prionophyil, He 128
1V,4
IV,
albi V, 296
arborescens, IV, 288
bolanderi, IV, 30
eolens aiticed lis,
hololeuca, IV, 303
howardii nevadensis,
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
IV, 301
intricata, IV, 330
IV, 2
vscidifora, IV, 278
Bic i '
Big s, IV, I
Bikweulla Ears sanity:
233
Formed II, 234
ettia ‘riparia;
IV,
Biscutella californica,
Bistorta bistortoides,
Tt:
thi coe, TI, 61
Blechmum radicans,
mice: he 248
chilenss IV,2
eee hid, Sore
robus Ve
Blepharipappus Vv. 192
carnosus, IV, 163
chespasitheneoulie:
TVt
douglasti, IV, 1
— ig hd iv 159
16
ties IV, 159
poe Aone af Sag
glandu ete a Ly.
heterot he
IV,
graveolens, IV,
heterotr she a's ig
hier acioides tv 1
oregan
epee Vv 162
platyglossu ea thee 160
tv,
"subphvmoss, Vv" 192
ida, IV, 192
Bane pM 2 m,
Ii 72
cere Ti #i
atum, II, 72
hcacbedindee II, 74
glaucum, II, 71
eo tegen II, 74
rubrum, II, 71
Blondia Sifeibite,
Bloomeria, I, 398
aure
cleveland, I, 399
croceo, I, 398
at Sg I, 397
serotina, |, 397
Boebera chrysanthe-
motides, IV, 252
hirsut
intermedi 1, 103
ia ewhe IL 103
3
ramulosa, II, 1
repens, II, 10
rel a pee
t iq tra
californica, 50
Hieahasedes iy 350
oregana, IT, 350
Bolbo re devant,
TII. 8
Bolelia bicornuta,
IV, 90
wpe eaters : 94
r,1
IV, 3
siaanitolia IV, 304
latisquama occiden-
V, 304
occide ntalis, 1V, 304
Bonacixaceae TEE "S32
Borago, III, 540
aiheinaite: TIl, 540
Borkhausia lessingii,
IV, 566
BorrAGININEAE,
THT;
Boschniakia, IV, 9
0
occidentale, I, 4
Botrys ambrosioides,
Ii 72
aromatica, II, 72
fremontu, II, 71
esa aes II, 70
ie
Pichia i 176
arenosa, I, 177
aristifpides: E177
b 8
palmata,
septentrion ali is,
Ett.
Boykinia, TE351
aconitifolia, II, 352
elata, II, 352
humilis, 111, 164
cidentatis; UT, 352
lat a, ET; 352
cotumditolia SIE S52
ai vo eo ctis angustus,
V; 332
side sa,
B isugstanig fies:
Brachyphragma braun-
phos TI, 597
serenot, II, 595
Brachyris californica,
IV, 260
euthamiae, IV, 260
microcephala, IV, 260
Brandegea, IV, 72
pe
ipestlies TI, 172
schreberi, II, 172
Brassica, II, 274
a II, 274
271
arve msis SAE, 274
campestris, IT, 274
71
gra, II, 274
oleracea, II, 274
ety iy vi 321
ra
SSinapistram, II, 271
ae
ah 237, 6
,
207.
pi IT, 302
reweria snininia,
III, 389
Bremerina suffrutes-
cens, II, 152
Bekele IV, 500
oe Paige
pe wee We bee
bicacilokine IV, 502
Zu
mu ra, I
nevi IV,5
blongifolia, IV, 504
gracilis, I, 404
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
pen arre-i> po 405
majo
Biss ino ete
he wor I, 404
ee I, 402
acinthina, I, 400
Ait i e4. 409
paar ie! lugens, I, 399
0
breviaristatus, I. ;
brizaefo ‘ 123
carin
atus, I, 2
ealifocnicun, 7 228
— SE 22
hookerianus, % 228
linearis, I, 2
lane aot
E23
paucthorus: 1; 230
Ss sus, 1 23
commutatus, I, 235
run; 1, 23
labrescens, 1, 2
leptostachys, I, 232
inermis, I, 229
japonicus, I, 236
— “: aristulatus,
i Sy
scented 231
1,231
hallii, I, 231
pacificus, I, 231
patulus, I, 236
S;
pratensis, I, ren
a bs
esdirde I, 230
p
unioloides, I,
h
I, 627
Bryanthus breweri,
IIT, 303
pri hee ITI, 303
iflorus, III, 303
Buillardia aquatica,
ie
Bulbostylis annua,
I
cali ifornica, IV, 5
adithanelte. IV, A
Bunias Cakile, 11, 270
Bapsihaln ses sagitta-
IV,1
ielia chrysostoma
4
: song
lept IV, ae 216
LVe21
a u ie bursa-pastoris,
i;2
pastors, II, 291
ra, 111,20
pace 4:11), 2
microphylla, III, ..
Cacaliop
IV,4
Cal
albicen
665
BurRSERACEAE, III, 2
ee occidentalis,
i IIT, 45
Buxus, III, 45
chinensis, III, 45
Cacalia nardosmia,
IV, 457
po orophyllum, =
sis glab
nordesmia IV, 457
Calais aphantocarpha,
IN;
bigelovii, IV, 561
densa, I, 159
fasciculata, I, 160
666
es ne tn
folio: a, 1,15
elongata, I
stenodes, I, 162
inexpansa, I, 162
barbulata, I, 162
cuprea
157
aco ouniana, I, 161
mis, I, 16
anes I, 159
oregonensis, I, 161
tte I, 159, 161
purpurascens, I, 158
retrofrac eta,’ T; tg
rubesc Se
stricta robusta, 1 Bee
subflexuosa, I,
eubedorf, 3 -
s, I, 160
Persehdhy Seaiotiié
(€
purpurascens, I, 158
ai , 158
vase
vurietonnia: 1; 159
Calamintha chandleri,
III, 646
Hil rot
C allichroa. douglasii,
1V;,1i
jones, IV, ae
Matjaivisa: v. 160
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Calliglossa douglasit,
IV, 158
Calligonum canescens,
II, 87
Calliopsis atkinsoniana,
bicolor, tV, 135
er invotucrata;
one ey en 102
Callistachys: pyrenaica,
I, 289
C allisteris aggregata,
IIT, 460
bridgesii, IIT, 460
seleaie8 lia, ITI, 460
Cal litrichaceae, III, 42
Callitriche, 43
heterophylla, IIT, 43
longipedunculata,
Ill,
marginata, III, 43
lon gipedunculata,
II
palustris, III, 43
bolanderi, III, 43
na, ,
ipa a IIT, 43
ver
a, III, 4
Caloboirya sanguinea,
Ce al IV, 554
exuosus, I, 443
i 38
kennedyi, I, 440
pete I, 443
lilaci ns Pt 37
lobbii, 14
lo vai asdk I, 438
luteus, I, 444
9
carpus, I, 441
ma
aes #4 & 441
438
eurycarbus, I, 439
sprue
panini 437
wasttailit
purdyi, I,
Siaateusts: I, 437
speciosus, I, 440
roseus, I,
vesta, I, 5
wiedit 445
obispoensis, I,
urpurascens, 1,445
p
C alerherant californica,
158
ro i EF, 475
asarifolia, rt Body
sri! 11,3
howellii, Me ae
piace tit +f ti
tye de
“howe Th 1
undifolia, Hy 176
, 1V, 189
elegans, IV, 190
fremontii, IV, 190
rosea, I 88
gi ar tae
1 as
bicolor, TV; 4
i ose We 189
18
IV, 189
opposititolia, IV, 190
truncata, IV, 186, 187
ephala,
mtv.
scabrella, we ete
villosa, IV, 1
Cavvenvrnacear,
| ae
Calyeanthus ¥E 221
§, 10, 224
Ot aiaie 4,221
oer montanum,
14
Calyoseris, IV, 582
V, 583
wi ins i, IV, 582
californica, IV, 582
I, 482
andru Ftd
monospermum, IT, 130
nudum, II, 130
parryi, IT, 130
pygmaeum, II, 130
piety yor If, 131
ote TT, ase
sale fis lum
Calyeteta sa
itt
ail III, 382
sepium pubescens,
TE:
repens, III, 383
soldanella, III, 382
subacaults, cae 384
villosa, III, 3:
Camassia, 1, ae
sativ.
a, IV, 76
56
tabiforaien, IV, 74
exigua, IV, 76
filiflora, IV, 78
las iocarpa, IV, 74
parryi idahoensis,
IV, 76
perfoliata, lV, 78
—— ,1V, 74
piperi, IV, 76
pr ronanthoides, = 78
é,IVi7
CAMPANULOID
Canbya, a, 232
pein nai
Canotia holacantha,
III,
Cantua aggregata,
I, 460
pungens, III, 455
hookeri, III, 455
Pease IIT, 455
4 237
caseanum, II, 235
ouleri, 11, 235
nse 11,235
Capnorchis chrysantha,
,
Capnorea campanulata,
fulcrata, 111, 529
panberaen: III, 529
a, ITI, 529
IIT, 529
It; 3223717,
Capraria erdtioibéitee,
itt;
CAPRIFOLIACEAE . IV, 42
Caprifolium ciliosum,
ives
Peiedte aren 1TV82
hispidulum, TV, 54
indorPiabiie, IV, 54
involucratum, IV, 52
arara en a, 263
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Cardamine, IT, ~i
angulata, II, 2
pen arene: — 280
acu minata,
pr dcuminate,
IL.
sgeatatieices a 280
ts, II, 279
palustris occidentalis,
IT, 280
peer ii 2
nsy Ivanic a; 4 om
prone hemtithatico,
I, 280
peek EI 282
vallicola leBergit;
1i:2
pingauicis At , 305
Cardaria draba, II, 258
pubescens elongata,
Cardiobatius nivalis,
nema, TI, 114
, 1V, 540
mart lanes, 8, TV. co. 510
maritim S, s, IV, 528
avensis, 1V, 521
ne. cei IV, 540
nevadensis,
IV, 524, 525
nutans, IV, 538, 539
occidentalis, IV, 525
pycnocephalus, IV, oe
remotifolius, 1V, 5
pe ms
congesta, I,
minor, I, 3
aequa, I, Aa
abide; 1325
albonigra, I, 331
llacea, 1, 343
angustior, I, 300
angustata
verticillata, I, 335
anthericoides, 1, 293
aperta, I, 335
poda, I, 331
aquatilis, I, 336, 339
areta,-1,;315
aristata, I, 341
at
airatiforuiés lL;
—_ squama, I, 331
rea, I, 322
pert oe
auricu lat ais
ne 1337
i
bisha iii
bla
bru eace ae
boxieuant! T, 329
667
alifornica, I, 323
Tubia, I, 314
Peeing ar: 1,315
pitata, I, 290
ce a 1.322
cephalantha, I, 301
chrysoleu
cinnamomea, va 325.
circinata, I, 2
columbian i a
como
peace 12321
congdoni, I, Fest
cooley LL 3
crawford ry 303
I, 303
erspiocorba 1,339
de a
bootii, I,
farwelli, I, 320
rossii, I,
sa; I,
deweyand, I, 301
olanderi, I, 301
sparsiflora, I, 299
diandra, I, 2
dives, I, 336
disperma, I,
exsic 3
farwellii, 1, 320
festiva, I,
de
cum
haydenian a1; 309
packystachsa, 4.344
stricta, ist
flaccifolia, I, 323
flava
recterostrata, I, 341
668
foetida, I, 291
vernacula, I, 291
fracta, T, 303
frigida, I, 326
fulva
eee ona pie
T 325
a I, 344
307
hartii, I, 343
hassei, I, 322
oe > 309
helleri, I,
jamesii, I, 334.
onesii
Poser as
laxiflor
plontaginea, - 323
lem oe
lenticular
Ihfru ctus, 1 as
I
baton e 31
luzulaefolia, I, 326
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
strobilan tha, I, 326
5
ony
endocinensis, E325
pee si, 5,332
michauxii, 4 318
” vic rochaeta, I, 328
mult icostata, 1 i
multiflora, I, 2
multimoda, I, oe
mutic
nardina
hepburni, I, 288
nebraskensis I, 334
nigricans, I, 290
nubicola, I, 309
nudata, I,
firmior
bnupt
oederi,
oregonensis, I, 340
oO ha, I, 300, 557
1
poddvenss, I, 289
pansa,
pasicicontats I, 334
aucifiora, I, 342
pancifieccds, 7,313
eocephala, I, 307
ainda I, 300
Deere aoa I, 324
a fe 328
polygama, I, —
polymorpha, Eg
californica, I, prs
hie trichoides, . ni
S52
4
pse eudo-jaronica, I, 326
weer rpoidea,
pico I, 282
aica, 1,2 89
pobre [322
quadrifida, I, 330
caeca, I, 330
nis, I, 330
qualicumensis, I, 339
—— : 329
343
richardson 13325
320
gerne I, 320
rostrata, I, 343
salina
— . 321
salin rmis, I, 321
_— vlna, 1, 339
ximo a, 13S
orn 1,317
pre ae I, 303
min or I,
sco
evi-fructus, I, 303
Pina ], 328
sphacrostacha, I, 314
327
sten isan, % 318
a, 5,291
, 304
straminifarads; 305
stylosa
virens, I, 332
sub- practhahe 1348
ka isca, I, 310
erecta, I, 304
teneraeformis, I, 309
tenutrostris, I, 302
pprinienboe I, 297
la, I 297
pitino I, 33
umbellata
globosa, I, 319
unilateralis, I, 302
urban nit, I, 341
a1; 292
mri er I, 343
vallicola, I, 294
variabilis, 1336
ve see I, 319
91
vertcilata 1 a
bier sic
eee osa, ni ee
nchale I, 342
major, I, 342
obt rusian I, 342
a 1;319
vitrea, I, 29
viridula, I, 341
vulgaris
alpina, I, 3
bracteosa, *: 333
‘ee rpa,
whitn 324
ee ee
I, 318
yosemitana, I, 339
Carnegiea, III, 153
gigantea, 1E1, 353
Carpenteria, II, 386
californica, II, 386
Se by trae junceus,
5 arpobros chilensis,
19
lana 3 EY; si, 512
ieee EV,5
tinctorius, <. ar 512
Cartiera barbata
THe?
howellii, II, 248
lepto petala, II, 247
multiceps, II, 247
Carum, III, 231
carvi, III, 231
erythrorhizum,
III, 2
gpetor latifolium,
III,
‘dares 112233
lemmonii, III, 234
kelloggti, III, 233
oreganum, III, 234
YE E,
Caryopitys mono-
phylla
fe ee
Cascadia nuttallii,
358
ata, I,
pio ae gery I, 515
15
ervirens, oe "i
Castile III,
oe sy IL, fee
ome 836
iariefaia, 844
andrewsii, III, 8
pi aoe Lipo abbrevt-
on
sohhon ra, aa, 837
Cc
err shee III, 824
brevilobata, III, 830
breweri, , 832
dixonii, III, 840
dolichostylis, I11, a8
douglasii, ITI, 84
contentiosa, Ill, tie
pee 5,31; 841
w& ©
o
meri, III, 8
pb ee ITT, 836
i, III, 837
gene: III, 837
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
exilis, III, 846
filifolia » HT, 825
eed
grisea, III, 8
gyroloba, “i 836
hispida, III, 8
abbreviate i, 841
III, 8
bg mannii, a. 837
hololeuca Shik = 42
howelli
hyetophila,t in, ayer
inconspicua I, 825
a, III, 835
abit Ill, roa
insu s, III, 84
Pape
III,
pinnatifida, III, 836
wightii, III, 836
lemmonii,
&
eS
82
pallida camporum,
lutescens, IIT, 832
muiniata, III, 839
septentrionalis,
833
foe nosa, ITI, 829
pa peed a 824
peckian: I, 840
erie ae 832
pilosa, III, 825
pinetorum, III, 837
II, 837
psitta a, III, 825
pumicicol, re 824
r ,
eis! Ill, ee 37
rubi da, III, 828
schizotricha, III, 824
entrionalis,
23
spiralis TIT, 8
, III, 836
xanthotricha, III, 832
Cathartolinun digy-
m, III, 12
erulum, IIT, 12
22
austromontanus,
califorwicts: 1H, 73
confusus, III, 78
669
cordulatus,
8
gii perplexans,
TL 7
oe III, 75
gri s, III, 6 68
ho micantbiee: III, 68
utus, III, 67
prostratus.
pinetorum, III, 79
profugus, III, 76
670
[Ceanothus]
Cenc E
carolinianus, I, 119
echinatus, I, 11
centau uriu 540
ine
squarrosa, IV, 544
Centaurion centaurium,
1H,:352
exaltatum, III, 354
muh, bergii, FIT, 352
Centaurium, III, 351
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
curvistamineum,
Ill, 352
davyi, ITI, 352
erythraea, III, 352
ee Ill, 354
wei 35
a on —
minimum, IIT, 3
muhlenbergi
Conteuriiies Pontius:
dum, III, —
yonseretnas gti, TIT, 352
ichanthun, III, a
ae
Cen woubalie Seed tents
IV, 180
.
C. entrostegia leptoceras
Pes
tharbe o. II, 1
4,11;
oa ae ao 334
minimus, III, 334
Ceph clnithavs austinac,
I, 478
poset I, 478
SM oy
—s TI, a
@, 7153
maximum, - 14
brachypodum AI; e 3
longepedunculation,
, 14
nutans, at 43
ech Patan, II, 143
142
CERATOPHYLLACEAE,
II, 174
Ceratophyilo, II, 174
174
Cercidium, II, 4
floridum, II, 4
5
betulasfolins IT, 453
blan II, 453
betufaies, Tl, 453
douglasii, II, 453
forherslvies oe 453
II, 4
ninutifloru rus, I
ae
Cer _ pap a
THT,
Sicoteots TEL 485
ganteu is
mojavensis, III, 155
munen, III, 155
Cer ophyllum douglasii,
I, 391
spathianum, IT, 392
Ceropteris triangularis.
viscosa, —
Cha
perce a 240
pi ge IV, 238
alpi
dngestilelid, IV, 240
artemisiaefolia,
IV, 242
Pine pions 246
a,I
romhastie Sg tv, 246
bracteata, IV, 2
carphoclinia, oo 246
attenuata, IV. 246
cheilanthoides,
achilleaefolia;
V, 240, 24
fremontii, IV, 245
glabriuscu
IV, 236, 244
aurea, IV, 244
curta, IV, 244, 245
uttiana, IV, 245
patielef dren IV, 246
panamientensis,
IV, 240
santolinoides, IV, 237
indurata, IV, 327
stevioides,
IV, 245, 246
brachypappa, IV, 246
Bona ne 238
incana, I
epee is wate
ta 7 a
orden nn 244
tenuifolia, IV, 244, 245
thompsoni
th vtec
xantiana,
integrifolia,
Chaeroph Sauer neo
V,
G hectanthird aster-
oides, IV, 266
gor Rare I, 118
californica, I,
exilis, IV, 268
ene IV, 268
nii, IV, 266
a hamachatia, II, 451
alis, II, 451
amaenerion angusti-
—— IIL,3
latifolium, UL ie
Chamaeper sshecnoan
unalaschkens
III, 284
canadense, III, 284
Chamaesaracha,
III, 668
nana, IIT, 668
—— III, 670
Cha —— mar-
gi ey Ff
Ch esheets chamo-
V, 399
“IT, 318, 319
" thotdes 3S
perennis, II, 318
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
suffrutescens, II, 319
— hegre II, 318
ra hoid 15
yg ag: ‘glaucium,
Brat nemorosa,
III, 769
CHENOPODIACEAE, II, 66
Chenopodium, II, 68, 74
album
leptophyllum, II, 70
rida, II, 70
sebrmidan Hi; 72
anthelminticum,
hastatum, II, 72
berlandieri II, 70
botr »@2
lifor rnicum, TE 72
hybridum, IT,
leptophyllum, IT, 70
subglabrum, II,
macrospermum m halo-
sani farinosum,
Li
maitidum, II, 74
oe 70
prac um, II,
macr crospermum, a 71
I, 95
phila, ‘III, on
Pete se Hi2
occidentalis, sa =
umbellata occidentalis,
II, 2
Chionanthus Fnpuies
este Ill
cage cali-
> rnicum, III, 114
G — scaliate,
355
:
9
Gc ee austinae,
Ci hioris, I, 176
curtipendula, I, 177
elegans,1,176 °
angu
leichtlinti, I, 416
parviflorum, I, 414
pomeridianum, I, 413
purpureum,
Chloropyron canescens,
III,
849
maritimum, a 848
ae III, 8
palustre, iin, ‘4s
—_ i, III, 8
Chon rophyla Sti
can
Fremont III, 359
NaUUSE
osa IV, 302
“ hondrosium gracile,
179
folystachyo, I,178
CHORIPETALAE, I, 485
C quar nevadensis,
V, 142
Chorispora tenella,
Chorizanthe, II,4
spinosa, II, 1
staticoides, IT, 6
671
latiloba, II, 6
brie er II, 629
villosa, II, 6
simiintes Il, 4
eat II, 14
t 4
ntii, II, 7
leucotheca, II, 7
CG hrossostephium cali-
fornicum, IV, 408
foliosum, IV, 408
Chrysam morpha, II, 329
californica, II, 329
Chrysanthemum,
LV::3
ancthifolium, x 394
balsamita, IV, 3
_tanacetoides, mie 396
ina whe 394
maximu pith
mV
panthanies av, 396
IV, 3
segetum
G hryshibis Me
Ii 32
aarbore escens,
IV,2
icmp IV, 288
cooperi, IV, 288
egg sbracteata.
265
boner IV, 278
californica, IV, 264
gracilis, 1V, 265
672
[Chr ye nig is]
hir , 264
hirtella ae 361
II, 367
pean
13
onpostfoli m,
econ 11-367
een
douglasit, IV,2
gnaphalodes, iV. eo
gramineus, IV, 300
greenei filifolius,
123
humilis, 1V, 299
lanceolatus, IV, st
per IV, 2
ermus, a ie
sega is, 4V 303
monacePhalus IV, 301
nanu oe
Jeers 302
" pibiceutis, TV, 302
V,
macrophslns, IV, 303
ospermus, IV, 303
mohavensis, IV, 303
occid wn hide: IV, 302
oreophilus, TV, 303
speciosus, IV, 302
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
viridulus, IV, 303
viscosus, IV, 303
nevadensis, IV, 301
gar sa
— 30
ccidentais, IV, 302
2. TV,303
or. rthophyilus, gs 302
paniculat us, IV, 297
cus, FV;3 301
ok 01
Chyli —- brevipes,
IIT,
poche a III, 205
clavaeformis, III, 206
oe cruciformis,
ee II, 206
C ‘cede exoltate,
TII, 354
Cicerbita muralis,
IV,
ac pie IV 3551
Ci chori EV, 552
ire MIL, sien
Passed = ee
79
elata, II,
jfoetida II, 179
iata, II, 179
palmata, II, 215
Cinerartia lewisii,
V, 354
ula, I, 148
Circaea, III, 211
Ipina, III, 212
I
ecaulescens: IV, 532
amblylepis,
TV, 514, 535
americanum, IV, 532
callilepis, 1V, 534
andersonii, IV, 5 536
eiasene
Ev, 314, 530, 532, 536
brewer avs
califor
V, 514,
parishii, 1V, 514
eu
candidissimum,
IV, 526
canovirens
IV; 514, 521, 525
ciliolatum
V,514 518, 520
coulteri, TV, 525, 526
crassicaule, IV,
cymosum, IV,
520, 522, Sao, oa
douglasii,
IV, 514, nee §32
cane
edul 6:3R 528, 530
flaidilen:
IV, 514, 532, 534
fontinale,
IV, 514, 532,538
obispoense, IV, 538
hallii,
29, 530
hu spre
IV, 25
hyaionham, — 520
marttimum, he 528
mendoci
IV, ite we
mohav TV, $21
secu tone EV;521
neomexicanum,
IV, 524
nevadense; IV, 524
nidulum, IV, 525
id
can ro aa
IV,
coulteri, IV, nf
venustum, IV, 5
ochro contrat WV, oa
oreganum, IV, 535
—— se, 1V, 518
salV¥e Sp 526
oh IV, s
ceaeitial an 534
proteanum,
IV, 514, _ 527
quercetoru
V;514, 520, §30; 531,
532,.535,538
= 2
ee
=
=.
3
<
: 532
EV;'5
psi ophstbit, IV, aa
walkerianum, IV, 532
xerolepis, IV,
ae IV, 528
re foliu
odontolepis, IV, 534
oregonen. 3535
pick ie
IV, 535
—— ey ite
scabru
soon ree ee 536
—
IV, 514
fa a TV. 522
un ee ~
I
cilotatim, IV, 518
utahense
<3 514, 518, 524, 525
—
hydrophilu m,1V, 520
florus, III, 298
Cl lodtithrt psa i
II, 100
oblongifolia, I1, 100
Clarkia, III, 181
biloba, III, 189
breweri, III, 184
concinna, III, 184
delicata, III, 183
ciseniana, III, 183
e
parviflora
bellidifo lia gee 123
arayiony: 13 1}127
i, 11,126
ae es a 127
peer ophylla 1, 129
virginica, III,
es grt ees ok
446
Ae TE 174; 193
biflora, II, 194
h
ones
>
a
=
pauciflora, IL, 194
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
suksdorfii, II, 194
ve rticillaris colum-
gynandra, II, 322
cs EI 322
isom
venge! ; io
pinnata,
stricta, IT,
poner = 323
taurocranos, II, 323
eo ee incanum,
658
sminulodes, 646
pulche lla, IV, 92
pusilla, ek 92
uniflora, I, 452
Clo iadadels cooperi,
IV, 252
laciniata, IV, 2
Porophsiodes,
bas re ro LAciée
1,3
maritima, II, 319
ophacos know-
oronopus, II, 263
oblongifolia, I1, 266
officinalis, II, 266
Coelopleurum actaci-
folium, III, 269
— III, 269
gipes
—— m, III, 269
Cogswellia altensis,
III, 266
pasar sy et 266
carnitfolia patens,
Tike255
cha willevi, IIT, 255
cottamii, III, 264
260
utricu ioe easireiet
ITE 255
Coinogyne carnosa,
IV
8
Co m TF
brevicalyx, III, 534
c ens, III, 533
ma, IT, 454
Coleosanthus albicaulis,
IV, 50
argutus,
atrac tylo ides; IV, 502
californicus, IV, 503
desertorum, IV, 50
microphyllus, 1V, 504
multifiorus, TV, 500
nevinit, IV, 504
geet rete IV, 504
IV, 04
watson, IV, eee
pre insia, phe 774
779
po
III, ae
barbat
hartsaefola, III, 776
dav idsonii, III, 776
austromontana,
con color 175
bracsphon, ‘TH, 780
bre
079
br ucea «Tit, 779
Jahowtl, III, 778
corymbosa, III, 776
673
davidsonii, III, 776
diehiti, III, 778
divaricata, III, 778
hirsuta, II, 776
SP
pusilla, oe 778
septemnervia, — it
sparsiflora, ITI,
arvensis, III, sig
bruceae, III, 779
collina, III, 778
franciscana, III, 776
ee Ill, 778
ricta, III, 776
colitara III, 778
te a,
torreyi, III, 780
brachysiphon,
’
brevicarinata,
III, 780
latifolia, III, 780
linearis, III, 780
vere)
Collo mia, Il}, 400
=
i]
We
mazama, III,
eiekant Ki; I, 413
674
[Collomia]
tracyi, III, 402
Coloptera parryi,
TEE 277:
Colubrina, III, 79
californica, III, 79
for. : laf. -
2
III, 79
Comandra, I, 527
cakforsica, I, 528
pallida, I, 5
528
ee omarobatia lasiococca,
II, 455
Gi omaropsis pedata,
Lis
Comarostaphylis,
III
arguta, III, 308
diversifolia, III, 308
CG —— lustre,
II, 4
Gi stokes: dubia,
Composirar, IV, 8, 98
Conanthus multifiorus,
III, 523
parviflorus, III, 523
Condalia, III, 61
divaricata, III, 61
globosa pubescens,
,
1 tnid.
TIT, 61
microphylla, ae 61
par
reac aa
Conioselinum, TH;:272
chinense, III, 273
docitines ‘TIT, 273
tataricum, III, 272
PS oes Ie. .
f
IV, 248
Conium ETE 230
ac
III, 380, 474
it.
Convolvulus, III, 382
althaeoides, 389
aridus, III,
ntermedias, III, 384
“85 lobus, III, 384
teaeifotins UT, 384
arpa, ot 384
Resin stir TL 383
californicus, III, 384
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
chartaceus, ee Sei
tp Stirs
me caaine 10 & 629
proliferum, im, il. 43
petnaatich I, 46
pusillum, IT, 34
ertoriinl: Il, 629
m1, 27
thurberi, II, 31
parishii, TE; 31
oO
:&
=
membranaceum,
subscaposum, II, 41
trachygonum, IT, 41
Eriogynia caespitosa,
7
endersonii, If, 411
‘pectinato, it, 41 13»
achillaeoides aphanac-
tis 14.9
fein IV, 230
paleaceum, IV, 230
artemisiaefolium,
V, 228
integrifolinm, IV, 226
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
latifolium, IV, 226
gris cm tyra
ceca
chrysanthum, IV, 226
cineraria, IV, 22 6
confertiflorum,
IV, 226, 227, 228
discoideum, IV, 227
latum, IV, 228
laxiflorum,
IV, 226, 227
tanacetifolium,
donii, IV, 228
IV, 225
jepsonii, IV, et 227
lanatum, IV, 2
achillaeoides, av. 225
IV. ae
croceum, IV, 226
integrifolium,
IV, 226
lanceolatum, IV, nay
bov , eves
obovatum
arishii, IV, 230
, 228
artemisiaefolium,
IV,
depressum, IV, 228
tanacetiflorum, IV, 227
wallacei,
he 224, 230, rie
ustrale, IV
per et Sg me
rubellum, IV, 231
watsonii, IV, 226
Eritrichium, ITI, 557
barbigerum, IIT, 585
fe ‘UL 557
glomeratum humile,
2
hispidum leiocarpum,
= z ma erum, IIT, ty
submolle, III, 58
how
:
intermedium, TI, 585
hingi i; FH, 572
aac rpum, ITI, 594
le weophacwn IIT, 599
micranthu , 578
molle, I
n, IIL, 5
pterocaryum, III, 582
pectinatum, IIT, 582
racemosum 80
torreyi, III,
Erodiu m, III, 5
ae iideibin. lil;7
rys, iid 7
monta
115; 7
obt hisipabctiids EET::7
californicum, III, 5
cicutarium,
assifolium, Ill, 5
obtusiplicatam, 11 7
texanum, ITI, 5
Erophila vulgaris,
sativa, II, 27
Erucastrum Ces.
Brews hirsutum,
615
tear se IT, 616
Radi
ali smaefolium, ITI, 281
armsianum, III, 279
683
eae III, 28
axibracteum, rT, 281
packs istylum, IIT, 279
oblanceolatum,
ITT, 281
par arishit, III, 282
io
zmmephilum, ~ 319
asperu
in eins ea “ 318
capitatum, Il, 318, 319
perenne, II,
perfoliatum, IT, 321
repandum
Erythraea centaurium,
III, 352
curvistamineum,
III, 352
dot uglasi, IIT, 354
exaltata, III, 354
flori kaa: Til, 352
minima
W
sont, I, 429
montanum, I, 428
multisca eum,
I, 427
parviflorum, I, 427
684
[Erythronium]
9
Eschenbachia coulteri,
IV, 382
Eschscholzia,
Ii 2265227
caespitosa, 115227
ypecoide
urceolata, II, 228
wrigleyana TI, 237.
—_— - auiplexicas:
cog |
helontoides, at 106
Esula cypar
Eclisia amplexicaulis,
Hy 2
hispida, II, 250
50
= =
Q:
we
emifolia,
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
III, 4
bipinnatfida, aa 485
foliosa, III,
micrantha, py oe
paniculata, III, 485
—— ovalifolia,
43
meevettaenh m, II, 39
Eulobus californicus,
III, 196
Eulophus ambiguus,
HE-25
americanus, ITI, 233
rt benignus,
Iik,
californicus sanctorus,
{11,2
cuspidatus, III, 234
—— rusbyi,
ITI, 234
prin nglei, ITI, 234
Bes:;.tasial, 11], 234
Ill, 727
austinae, III, 719
torreyi, III, 723
1
abramsiana, III, 39
albomarginata, III, 38
antiquorum, III, 30
arenicola, III, 36
arizonica, III, 40
arkansana, III, 3
cinerascens appendi-
culata, III, 4
crenulata, ITI, 3
ranciscana, — 34
conju ta; III,
flage elliformis, III, 36
floccosiuscula, III, 4
glyptosperma, III, 39
[ 9
misera, III, 32
— III, 34
sie rs aa III, 39
ton sil 4
ctentalle i, 39
a, 31,3
sli
pe gece FRA
iL,
purisimana, III, 40
spathulata, in, 32
supina, I,
st ra a III, 42
virgata, III, 35
EUPHORBIACEAE,
4,23
Euplecs, ITI, 534
— californica,
lit, §
ptiselaee ie LH. —
pa ie a, III, 5
Eurotia, IL.
ceratoides, II, 89
la eR
8
a — lucida,
I, 249
Pie ri III, 249
Eustoma, III, 354
exd altatum Tit, 355
silenifoli ms
III, 3
Eu eset: ‘californica,
IV,2
Pada IV, 292
occidentalis, as 292
Eutoca albiflora
III, 514
aretioide’s, ETI, 523
bra
eliana, III, 508
a, 1V, 100
eae Mexus, II, 99
mula, IV, 496
sparsiflor
EV: newt 495, 496
brevifolia, TV, 495
Bie a! So IV, 494
Exacum quadrangularis,
TE¥351
Exochordia davidiana,
II, 469
Fasaceag, I, 485;
I, 480, 630
a, Tit, 16
haeane aI utinosa,
III, 16
Fendlera utahensis,
TI, 388
Fendlerella, II, 387
Penal concinna,
III, 4
peered III, 424
III, 424
johnsonii a 15
rostii, III, 157
Mii: retin nt 156
pi la uifolia
III, 387
dissoluta, III, 261
brevifo lia, I, 225
Auitans, I, 2
grayi, I, 219
hallii, 1, 223
kingit,
oreg
reflex
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
rubra, I, 223
pubescens, I, 223
am
Filipendula, IT, 415
occidentalis, II, 415
rubra, II, 415
tlix
fragilis, I, 7
Fimbristylis, I; 267
capillaris, 1, 267
congesta, I,
cyperoides, I, 268
junciformis, I, 268
Floerkea, or 49:f
alba, tube
dou ae hetae
occidentalis, fo 50
proserpinacoides
I
ro.
acuminata parvifolia,
neo-mexicana, III, 349
Forsellesia arida,
pes
evadensis, IIT, 55
aden FH, bs
- tent ed glab
sities, THI, 55
a, III, 474
cunei $folia: it: “442
ip eae II, irs
sibbaldifolia, _ ey
suksdorfi,
froneatas he
vesca, II, 442
chiloensis, II, 442
virginiana illinoensis,
II, 4
platypetala, IT, 443
Frangula californica,
III, 62
B ticinow I,
ankenia, oT, 119, 394
pear) ITI, 119
ampestris, ITI, 120
evis, III, 119
latifolia, III, —
palmeri, III,
pulverulenta, ‘il, 120
Heirkanias CEAE,
152
sdeerile IV, 150
ubia, IV, 150
ins sularis, IV,1
chamissonis, ey i
bipinnatisecta,
I
chenopodiifolia,
I
cuneifolia, IV, 150
confer iiflora: IV, 150
ten
villosa, 5
Frasera albicaulis;
III, 362
capes
TEE ‘ei
cusickit, III, 363
fasti — ate 362
neglec II, 363
spoil it, 363
umpquaensis, III, 362
gece us, IIT, 346
nericana oregona,
TIL 346
anomala, III, 347
triphylla, III, 347
coriacea, III, 347
685
dipetala, III, 347
brachyptera, III, 347
6
I, 347
coriacea, III, 347
Fremontia, III, 114
ca lifornica, II x 114
crassifolia, III, 114
mex a, ITI, A he 115
nabeunis: TI
obispoensis, i, 114
vermicularis, II, 94
F
425
amts ee AL I, 423
422
purdyi,
nyrenaica, I, 420
va, I, 422
co a, 1/422
sectbleute. je 421
vir ee Sees
Fum
cnculri, i, 235
for a, Il,
J MARIACEAE, £ 485;
Hi; 233
piri nace m Atti. 372
‘aowelitaen m,
}, 373
gee idicort ape:
II,
hirtellum, ITI, 373
Gaertnera dumosa,
IV,
eriocentra, 1V, 151
ilicifolia, IV, 152
686
Gaertneria acanthi-
DS
$3
&
lii, 1V, 206
pulchella, IV, 206
alardia amara,
V,210
G alarhoeus cyparissias,
I
helioscopia, — 32
3
parviflora, IV, 136, 137
preneni IV, 136
Galliaria blitoides,
ei
zia, ITI,
frticore, “ri ae
sa, III, 783
Galina iu “Tv, 25
agreste echindsper-
pincesedeshng TV..3
siski iyouense, iv 34
ardin m, IV, 38
h yssopifo Jeni, IV, =
intermedium, IV,3
randegei,
oft, IV, 33
Pel
grande, IV, a
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
grayanum, IV, 4
arate Ae 42
hallii, IV, 3
h Sieienuee
I 0, 41
subalpinum, IV, 41
bebnmne ape S1V;41
— IV, 3
muschaticun, 32
mi. 3
Pine S 30
litigiosum, IV, 28
margaricoc
EV;36;.3
matthewsii,
cum,
mexicanum asperu-
lum, IV, 25
Pes ahi EV, 35
mollugo, IV, 26, 32
multiflorum,
IV, 40, 41, 42
hirsuta IV, 40
angen IV, 42
muricatum, IV, 36
nuttallii, 1V, 35, 36
ma reer IV, 25
pataerrars pt TV, 25
sparsifloru 3
spurium echinosper-
mum, 1V, 28
chet dcae er,
,
dete um, 1V, 37
su pore Ne 36
m, IV, 32
tricornutum, IV, 30
trifidum columbianum,
V, 30
cuspidulatun, IV, 36
pacificum, IV, 30, 31
iatena: IV, 30, 31
subbiflorum,
IV
, 30,3
tinctorium, IV, 30
triflorum, IV, 3
cite IV, 28
V5 2
Raa diffusum,
IV, 28
watsonii, IV, 42
wrightii rothrockii,
TV,38
Gambelia speciosa,
III, 783
Gastridium
i I. 156
eo rater III, 306;
Gant ‘it, 209, 211
pee
heterandra, III, 211
odorata, III, 21]
parvillocs: TE 2t}
sinuata, III, -.
villosa, III
Gau gw ieieles
III,
Gayophytum, III, 206
n, III, 209
hirtellum, III, 209
eorsesornenen III, 208
las m, II I, 208
criospermum III, 209
hoffmannii, III, 209
8 08
oe
ee
pumilum, III, 209
racemosum, III,
caesium oe
ramosiss
TEL, 2 rile
deflexum, III, 208
obtusum
5
va ista ceisdicom Ss
519
a sens a
acuta, ITI, 3
affinis VIII, re
forwoodit, ne 356
acTils 3
parvidentta, ch, 356
amare
Til 3
pepsin III, 359
bisetaea, III, 358
californica — ~
ca alycosa
oregana, ITI, 356
orfordit, III, 356
prostrata americana,
I, 359
quadrangularis,
LEE, 354
sceptrum, III, 356
humilis, III, 358
serrata holopetala,
III, 360
oe ifl; 358
sim
um, ’
bicknellii longipes,
californicum, 1:5
canum, III,
SE Aeded. iti.2
longipes, III, 3
cientariwn, 1TE.7
co
incisu
incisum, III, 4
laxum
—, Ill, 4
strigosum, III, 4
syloatien m, III, 1
viscosissimum, IIT, 4
dia fruticosa,
TIL 76
ers wae
ak ude II, 50
ciliatun, II, 449
phyilum, II, 447
7
wrbanum, II, 447
regonense, II, 447
Gifola germanica,
IV,
Gigantabies taxifolia,
Gilia, It, 396, 456
I, 466
abretan tyre ITI, 463
s, III, 463
heen III, 403
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
atractyloides, III, 451
he aurea, III, 419
decora, III, 419
ae. III, 423
bicolor, III, 430
bee art —
jones
bola ae ur, ‘is, 422
ambigua, 419
brauntonii, i =
aie,
conges
bevitifoliar III, 460
montana,
palmifrons, III, 460
Pic terete III, 460
tylophyllum,
, 424
davyi, ITI, 467
d
demissa, III, 424
densifolia, III, 432
aber i ‘omontana,
eal III, 434
mohavensis, vee dei ed
sanctora, III, 4
dianthiflora, III reek
dianthoides, III, 424
on bie ,4
farinosa, III, 424
dichotoma, III, 422
422
III, 448, 4
volcaniea, TH, 462
elmeri, III, 4
elongata, ie as
eremica, ITI, 435
yagert, III, 434
zionis, III, 435
exilis, III, 467
fenslia, ITT, te
filicaulis, III, 4
filifolia, III, aoe 437
ifus I, 434
ambigua /Ii, 435
a, III, 437
IE , 426
ax xillavis, Ill, on
diffusa, III, 405
rin
harknessii, III, 4
heterodoxa, III, 4 a
heter ophylia, III, 405
ho mannii, III, 466
hookeri, III, 455
hivwicr dis, III, 405
huege nt Til, 432
7“
Ree IIT, 460,
Ill, 471
Ccnretes III, 467
eu-inconspicua ochro-
intertexta, AI, 43
inyoe
brevasci, ut oe
bicolor, III, 472
pve wig III, 472
687
eu- -leptalea, III, 471
meria, III, 471
fili. ipes I, 418
longitu, HHL a
crocea, III, 4
eu- -longituba, on 430
ro a, III,
Itea, TIL 430, "a
eu- ine in 430
longistylus, III, 430
30
tiflora, III, 472
modest, ts 424
hs 467
atgtipe fi 427, 460
688
[Gilia]
epnibeimeiaes,
Pits ae em 426
pallida, III, 463
pusilla californica,
III, 4
pygmaea, III, 417
rattanii, III, 419
eee III, 407
ripleyi, ITI, 462
sherman-hoytiae,
II, 434
sinister, III, 472
sinistra, III, 472
ao Sajarae, III, 4 430
ella,
TH, 403 418, 430
7
eu-icnuiflora III, 466
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
genuina, III, 4
altissima, III, oo
triceps, III, 467
acs a
III, 467
evilis , III, 467
Z :
6
sa, II, 465
ambigua, III, 435
dasyantha, III, 435
filifolia, III, 437
flor ibu; nda, III, 434
heterodoxa, UL, 451
— IIT, 4
Gilmania, IT, ys
Gilaasiaby Tateola, II, 2
iloba, I, 50
latifolius, IV, dl
ere IV,8
culatio; des, we 80
peer IV, 80
labra, IV, 80
hirsuta, IV, 80
Glaucium, II, 228
fl II, 228
’
ei ocarpa, I
aridum ;
stipulifera, III, 55
Glyceria, I, 211
bore alis, 1, 24
pauciflora, I, 212
(lurnema ninhe *
III, 226 a
occidentalis, III, 226
3
V, 470, 472
chilense, IV, 469, 472
confertifolinm,
sien IV, ae
decurrens, IV,4
alifornicum, v, :"
dimorphum V,4
dio IV,4 Ng
can IV, 489
SOE IV, 469
ies iT 472
IV,4
johnston, bid 469
leucocepha
IV "470
tutes ee IV, 468
4
margaritaceum,
microcephalum,
IV, 469
palustre, IV, He
V,4
nanum, IV,
Spas IV. 469
ure V, 474
circles ha cee
IV, 472
shel huletrs: wr -
sprengelti, 1V, 4
eulphurescens, Wy, 469
therm e, IV, 469, 470
Gnaphalodes no es
Si aia IV, 494
Gnetales, I, 50
Godetia, III, 184
deflexa
micropetala, ce 187
pacifica
parvo, ur ae
lacunarum, III, 187
pa hain ; TF = ngs
pro eAKisa
uate alenes ne 185
davyi, III, 18
a
eee Ou" sain:
17185
sehen IIE, 188
—_— menziesii,
ain ania, II, 342
enieinias II, 346
burnhamit, II, 343
debilis, II, 3
Se thy we 343
glandulifera, II, 343
oa
Gossypium barbade onan,
HT, 112
— festu-
m, I,
Graticla: III, 731
anagallidea, III, 688
Grayia,
polygaloides, II, 89
spinosa
Gree eeuuie. 111,557
circumscissa, III, 557
hispida, III, 557
Gregoria laevigata,
nivalis, III, 336
Greniera tenella
II, 147
arenicola,
pachyphylta, "Ye 256
blakei, I
basics, ss 260
“Ty en "258
australis, IV, 259
davyi, IV, 258
intertoris, lV, 258
parvifiora, ~s 257
collina, IV,2
col jan a
discoidea, I
integrifolia, IV, 258
turbinella, lV, 2
oregana, IV, 256
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
wilkesiana, es, 256
256
Patyphl, IV, 258
258
ribrcanis "IV, 256
procumbe ens, I A
virgata, 1V, 256
Grossularia, “ 395
a, Ti, 4
neues ata, ‘a 399
californica, II, 402
t 8
hystrix, II,
tosma, II, 40
, II, 401
marshall, Lee cond
i, II, 4
senilis, IT, 401
sericea, II, 399
osa, I, 403
echaina, Il, 399
II, 388,
ruvelia reel
tit 3
“aiuie im, boede
iene II, 245
rostrata, IT, 253
pers abyssinica,
Gutierreria, tv, on
bracteata, IV, 2
Galltatnica: TV; =
bracteata, IV, 260
ivergens, IV, 26 60
euthamiae, IV, 260
microcephala,
IV, 260
glomerella, IV, 261
ionensis, Jee a0
laricina, IV, 2
pore ie! x 260
fe)
preedives hala,
IV, 2
V,
Goemtean longis-
pica, I, 47
Cornea rubra,
III, 800
Gymnogonium spines-
cens, II, 1
Gy mnogramma triangu-
laris,
viscosa, I, 21
G ymnolente enceli-
Gymn
lerigt es
GYMNO M 50
ymnosteris, III, 407
leibergii, III, 40
minuscula, III, 40
nudicaule parvula,
III, 4
nudicaistis; III, 407
Gymnostichum, cali-
_fornic wm,t, 255
IV, 4
peers IV,4
Aaa i.
I, 47
romanzofianum, I, 479
ees: I, 479
Habenaria borealis,
viridiflora, I, 472
operi, 1,4
cuntekds, Ill, 551
deflexa, III, 550
americana, “i 550
IT, 554
Halim nium aldersonit,
liga
scoparium, III, 122
Ha sri Rae lg occiden-
talis,
Halioln, os 267
diffus
lasio lob ny
Halliopkstum ha,
Hi pee SS
III, 43, 212
Halostachys occiden-
talis, II, 91
amosa acutirostris,
0
I,
dre (ee sselehs. II, ae
em a, Il, 606
rh II, 6 606
kelloggiana, Ul, 603
layneae, II, 600
brachylepis, igh 288
brickel
V; se
canus, IV, 284, 285
pegs oides.
1V,2
case, Ve?
eryth reece
IV, :
maximus, TV, 272
690
(H. carthamoides]
cooperi, IV, 2
cuneatus, IV,
spathulatus, 1V, 290
poset IV, 286 —
int
tenuicaulis, ‘Iv, 275
lan oe IV, 278
lari us, is IV, 288
linearifolivs, IV, 283
nevaden nsis, IV
ophit tidis v, 281
stenocephalu
zV;
virgatus, IV, 276
parishii, IV, 290
racemosu
halophiloides, IV, 276
hilus, 1V, 276
liatriformis, IV vada
longifolius, 1V, 276
lucida, 1V Hs
pinetorum, IV, 276
practicola, 1V, 276
prionophyllus,
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
IV, 276
sessiliflorus, IV, 276
stenocephalus
IV, 276
virgatus, lV, 276
radiatus, IV, 272
resinosus, IV, 282
spinulosus gooddingit,
IV; 271
squarrosus, IV, 2
ib cae ie WV, me
obtusus, IV, 2
steno clap ive
stenophyllus, IV, a
poem IV, 280
re s, 1V, 280
Pico IV, 275
tra iskae , 1V, 285
us, Vee
H. arpaecarpus califor-
nicus, 1V,171
exiguus, IV, 1
ma Pipes.
Harpagonella, in, 609
palmeri, IIT
Harrimanella, OE: 305
paynbided: III, 645
serphylloides, III, 647
ziztphoroides, III, 648
He i 7
annua, IV, 587
cretica, IV, 588
Hedys. arum, sg 614
nia decurrens
era |
Heleniastrum bigelovii,
IV, 193, 456
Helenium, IV, 208
amarum, IV, ve
autumndle,¥
grandi soci og 210
, 210
echhird. TV, 2u1, 212
rosilla, Iv, 2
tenuifolinm, Vv; 210
Heleochloa alopecur-
oides, I, 142
ariz: onica Ai “4
ta; 1V
“douglas, Ass on
ianthemum, lik: 3122
greenei
aegeri, IV, 113
lenticularis, IV, 113
macrocarpus, IV, 113
aridus, IV, 113, 114
cusick
us, 1V,
giganteus insulus,
I
uiahensis: IV, 116
Be get aasten IV, 114
hoo IV, 104
satearsfoNed IV, 114
niveus, 1V, 114
nuttallii, IV, 116
arishii
petiolaris, TV, 113, 114
s, IV, 1
canus Ww. 114
utahensis, TV, 1
Heliamphora, II, 329
Heliopsis balsamorhiza,
-
— IV, 106
H
californicum, m1, 534
Helogyne fasciculata,
IV, 498
Helonias paniculatus,
I, 376
tenax, I, 373
Helosciadiu m a a
nicum, III, 238
leptophyllum lati-
folinm, III, 222
Hemiev I, 350
Fanuc olia, II, 350
vio — a, II, 351
misphaeroca rya
II, 598
Hemizonella durandit,
FV, 172
minima, IV, 172
Hem a, IV, 172
angus, IV, 174
ephala, IV, 175
somalia WV. 1
arida, IV, 1
australis, I
balsamifera, IV, 175
calyculata, IV,
con se V, 180
merce IV, 182
conju a HY. 178
mbosa, IV, 1
“angustifolia, iv. as
7
decumbens, TV, ai
douglasii, 1V, 188
durandi IV, 172
fragarioides, IV, 182
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
lutescens, IV, 182
is =
a1, 1
ma pstmt iv is
vernalis, IV, 18
multiglandulosa,
oor nos 189
we =
85
pons! ov 190
pallida, IV 174
pungens, IV, 1 180
% & 80
septentrionalis,
ramosissima,
rudi. s, IV
sca abrella, iv. 188
sericea, IV, 182
ci
truncata, IV, 187
vernalis, % se
ed TV,A
srmannit, Tv, 186
Heracleum, ITI,
douglasii, III, 268
ana oH
pert IIT, 106
Hesperastragalus com-
pact
H. esperevax aculis,
IV, 495
brevifolia, IV, oe
lescens, IV, 49
helunslis. IV, 495
sparsiflora, at 494
I
pastas ~ 290, 319
Hes s, I, 411
ee ae we “41
esperochiron, III, 527
californicus, III, 529
benthamianus,
III, 529
ciliatus, III, 529
latifolius, Ill, aoe
pumilus, III,
e estitus, I . io
Hesperochloa kingii,
I, 221
Hesperocnide, I, 526
tenella, I, 526
esperodoria hallit,
IV, 282
Hesperogenia, II1, 242
s tricklandii, III, 242
micranthum,
a gulinum, Ill, 14
taser omecon lineare,
» 225
Hesperonia bigelovii,
3,
californica micro-
la, II, 107
cedrosensis, II, 107
glutinosa gracilis,
Il. 107
tenuiloba, II, 107
Hesperonix accidens,
bolanderi, II, 606
es II, 607
Hespe te fog merten-
siana, I, 63
H csperoacordon
ewisti, I, 400
Hesperoscordum, I, 400
hyacinthinum, I, 400
lacteum, I,
, 298
1,211
Ill, 211
1,211
74
>
e
-
g
8
3
F} .
—
o
g
+
°
¢
o
he
lia, II, 474
fremontiana, II, 474
salicifolia, 11, 474
691
Heterostylus grami-
neus, 1,95
gee IV, 265
breweri, IV, 265
echieidal, IV, 264
floribunda, IV, 265
Z va, IV, 2
lamarckti, 1V, 265, 266
oregona, lV, 264
scabra, IV, 266
sessilifiora, 1V, 264
subaxillaris,
oregonensis, II, 382
suksdorfi, 11, 383
tenuifolia, I], 383
Heyderia decurrens,
L 71
Hibiscus, IIT, 1
californicus, ut, _ 2
denudatus, III, 1
pares tame
lasiocarpus califor-
albertinum,
IV, 595, 596
692
[ Hieraci
albifl
pris had ne
IV, 5
empl, a —
m, I 97
hooker
9
leptopodanthu m,
TV, 5
longi a. IV, 596
macranthum, IV. 600
pilosella, IV, 00, 602
piper
a le ha TVs
seabriuseulum, TV. 600
ouler:
iV. 305, 5 596, 0
triste detonsum,
IV, 599
umbellatum,
IV, 597, 600
scabriusculum,
TV, 600
vancouverianum,
V, 598
washingtonense,
IV, 596
Hierochloe, I, 124
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
borealis, I, 124
macrophylla, . 124
odor
gid a te Idia adpressa,
EE
Hobe caus II, 480
densiflora, II, 4 480
III, 403
squarrosa, III, 452
Hehe IT) ,.20
ryi, III, 20
Holes of 163
halepensis, . Fea
ee
Holochloa cylindrica,
II, 382
clata, II, 382
glabella, IT, 383
Holodiscus, II, 414;
discolor, e 414
fra us, II, 414
ir rp II, 414
dumosus saxicola,
II, 4
glabr rescens, HE yo
saxicola, II, 4
Holosteum, TH. ui
bellatum, II, ve
Renn tean fale 156
Rosie Wy ine
os
FEEHSTS,
II, 574
entiieliit, Is
bicristatus, - ome
oe IT,.573
collin Ta 571
omopappus argutus,
IV, 276
glomeratus, IV, 276
paniculatus, IV, 276
276
bicolor, I, 402
californica, I, 406
congesta, I, 408
coronaria, I, 405
douglasii, 1, 401
filifolia, 1, 407
printers I, 402
des Ingens, I, 399
leptanara, 1 go
mi
us at tH jae a es
Pests
P
maritima pussone:
anum, I, 246
muri num, I, 245
pusillum, I, 245
vulgare, I, 245
Horkelia, II, 416
Se ct as 1, 423
os uley 4; [fs
aa ee _ 419
brownii, II, 418
ruleomontana,
8
OL
californica,
ye: 417
ee II, 417
fsa II, 417
campestris, II, 423
a
enuduanite
II, 418
tenella, II, 418
tenuiloba, TI, 419
glandulosa, IL, 417
gordonii, II, 427
alpicola, II, 427
grandis, II, 417
he nderaondk II, 419
ka ellog git, Il, 417
caer es ae
I, 418
purpurascens, II, 421
congdonis, II, 421
tilingii, II, 421
tweedyt, Tl, "42 6
se arin II, 424
— aes oe
Horkelila prpuras:
I,4
Novia hl ae
III, 643
Horsfordia, III, 83
alata, Hi, 83
brachycarpa, IT, 54
crassifolia, II, 541, 552
r
gracilis,
grandiflora
pear eer = we
ee JH, 552
lanthanides ee 542
ee —
ies vs oe
maritima, IT, 545
angus stifolia II, pies
ochroleuca, 2
ornithorus,. 50
a iH, 5
sulphurea, II, 547
tomentella, II, 543
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
tomentosa, IT, 5
glabriuscula, 49 ee
torreyi, II, 54
nevadensis, II, 542
venusta, II, 550
raat II, 545
wrighti i multicaulis,
IL 543
Houttuynia californica,
I, 4
Howellia, IV, 88
aquatilis, 1V, 88
ihe: IV, 88
gelia abramsit,
brauntonii, III, 434
densifotia, ITI, 432
austromontana,
III, 434
mohavenstis, III, 434
conga III, 434
ere
pars sitlore, U1, 437
hooveri, III, 4
lutea, III, be
Sresanae “0 434
437
ppb: : i 435
dasyantha, III, 435
sapphirina, III, 435
Hulsea, IV, 202
algida, IV, 206
brevifolia, IV, 203
nyo ensis
eni, 1[V, 204
a
=
—
Ss
es
BS
a
$
_
&
04
eect Fusiasi-
a IL 2
B ghee ic 290
calycin na, a, I, 302
II, 290
procumbens, II, 290
DRANGEACEAE,
pares
onic!
, 384
Hydrastis carolinensis,
I,
Hydastylus, I, 468
borealis, I, 469
Hydroc otyle, III, 217
chinensis, III, 218
cuneata, III, 218
prolifera, III
trira
vulgaris,
ydropeltis purhuree,
II, 172
pig HYLLACEAE,
III, 4
Hyd iat III, 478
albifrons, III, 478
5
macrophyllum occi-
dentale, III, 478
binbesrinar prs) III, 487
oceiduniiia ITI, 478
e 1 478
8
Hymenantherum tenui-
folium, IV, ger
sis IV;2
ee ive as
fsccnlat ~*~ 145
a, 1V,1
pentalep ix ry 145
salsola, V1
" veatetaade + 145
LT LAh. e PY hs
tus, T, 290 pie
Pas
IV, 556
—— IV, 556
Hymenopappus s, IV, 392
eas halus,
, 392
anus, IV, 3:
1V.2 07
biennis, IV, 208
californica,
IV, 218, 219
calva, IV, 219
——
orata, IV, 208
Hyoscyanrus, ITT, 668
niger, ITT, 668 I
Hyoseris cretica,
V, 588
hedypnots, 1V, 587
taraxacoides, IV, 588
canes major,
ve 117
ncinnum, IIT, 116
majus 17
mutilum, III, 117
rforatum, III, 116
116
tapetoides, III, 116
Hy oeris, 1V, 586
glabra, IV, 586
_radicata, IV, 586
1,25
Hypopitys, III, 295
fbr III, 295
latisquame, 9 295
Hyptis, IIT
emoryi, te ree
verticillata, III, 662
Hyssopus Reread
tie sty III,
x, i152 sts
tee 15255
grits Ag 2
Bis oc jae he
i,
romansofianum,
columnaris, III, 474
Ilex myrsinites, III, 54
Iliamna, III, 84
ae I, 84
a ges tea da ak 86
longis eae III, 86
remo I, 84
rivalaris,
LECEBRACEAE, II, 111
cates pckiiiie.
es 113
Tl
Ill ,
pesca III, 688
694
a sora es]
Infantea chilensis,
IV,
Inula, IV, 4
cricides 332
helenium, WY, Pe 466
scat IV;:2
subaxillaris, aE 266
INULEAE, IV, 465
Inyonia dysodioides,
I
Ionactis alpina, IV, 328
stenomeres, IV, 327
Ipomeria ageregata,
III, 460
caurina,
douglasiana, x 464
dia palustris
americana, III, 168
ocoma acraden
84
leucanthemifolia,
v.
28
microdonta, IV, 284
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Ser goa £35
oet 35
fees J 35
aupercula, I, 36
cutti, I, 38
occidentalis, ms 36
orcuttii, I, 3
steelers “ 36
underwoodit, I, 37
Isolepis carinata, 1, 270
koilepis, I, 2
Aapars 272
p
can asi . i
pti Lie}
stipitatum, II, 176
, II, 426
gordonii, TI, 422, 427
lyc As odioides
puenace, IT, 426
Pg
ireapadicides IT, 427
427
egalopetala, II,
scandularis, II, 427
megalopetala, II, 427
pea Poe ii, rd 424
purpurascens, II, 421
A=]
i
scandularis, II, 427
sericoleuca, II, 425
shoc a
webberi, II, 426
Jac ager trachy-
sperma, II, 327
Jac obtnia californica,
IV,
Jamesia, II, 387
americana californica,
II, 387
eonuttalliana, IT, 354
ube i, II, 354
Selon. II, 354
te ag inaequata,
ITT, 581
racemosa, III, 580
Juncoides, 1, 369
campestre, I, 371
divaricatum, I, 370
glab m, I, 369
Aidt I, 369
pipes
pte cet!
tgs a
eubcongestom, T5370
Juncus, I, 350
scuminats I, 366
acutus, I, 350, 355
sphaerocarpus, T7355
alpinus
rach ystyl us I 361
dudleyi, I, 357
dubius, I, 365
latifolius, I, 358
exicanus, I, 354
nevadensis, I, 364
eee 8,4;
phae
ialomeratus, on 367
gracilis
pan aoe = 367
9
‘a
ncialis, I,
xiphioides, I, 368
tus, I, 368
ibi E97
nana,
occidentalis, I, 76
scopulorum, I, 76
sabina nie 75
sibirica, Like
utahensis, I, 75
californica, III, 168
peploides, III, 168
Ka ee ITE-137
crophylia, ITI, 302
afta, III, 302
crophylla, III, 302
occidentalis, _ “sing
polifolia,
oc naan vr 302
Kalmiopsis, III, 301
achiana, III, 30
ruber, ,
Kentrophyllum baeti-
cum, IV,
lanatum baeticum,
IV, 5i2
Kentrophyta impensus,
montana, II, 568
KorneeLintacear:
TTT, 55
Koeleria, I, 169
maritima, IT, 3
Kopsiopsis ic.
ne onhle IV, 10
Krameria, II, 627
I, 627
pareja glandulosa,
imparata, II, 628
KRAMERIA ee II, 627
Kruhse
Sk yale I, 458
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
tilingiana, I, 458
Krynitzkia Gfinis,
III, ond
ambigu
i a es
barbigera, III, 585
barbigera inaps,
III, 585
chorisiana, III, 563
circumscissa, III, 557
operi, II
ns, III, 583
dichotom
Fe | 02
elomerate virginen-
ois, 600
a, III, 580
micrantha, III, 578
micromeres, III, 583
sta
micro chys, III, 595
mohaven ITI, 593
mollis,
III, 559
yr obs abortiva,
III, 5
mariewat, ae te
oxy
tahen
“watsonii, 1H, 593
a $59
searlsiac, II, 559
mlienia cooleyae,
II, 211
hystricula, II, 211
Kunzia glandulosa,
II
tridentata, II, 451
Kymapleura hetero-
Dphylia, IV, 566
ental:
2
IV, 498
Labiatae, III, 614
Lachnostoma hastula-
5373
pulchella, IV, 594
racemosa, IV, 593
saligna, IV, 592
spica ata,
Lamiaceee ye) bape
mium, Il
am amplexiauie TL —
sine tum, ITI, 6
“TH, “628, "630
bot a 402
Langloisia a, III, 4
campyloclados,
I, 453
Laothoe, I, 413
pe he I, 414
divaricata, I, 413
po
intricata,
megalocephala, IV, 200
villo
shee sulias, VV. 508
minor, IV, 508
La , III, 548
I
america a, III, 550
1,553
cusickii, III, 551
bella, III, 553
californica, III, 554
mundula, I re 555
ee
deflexa americana,
695
III, 550
diffusa, III, 553
hispide, Ill, 554
texana columbiana,
III,
549
velitina; Tit? 4
dolar: Hiss
Lap
a ensis, I, 60
laricina, I, 60
larix, = 6
wideateih ‘ght tinosa,
III, 16
Lastarriaea, 1E3
3
graminifolius, II, 622
696
[Lathyrus]
mas II, as
jepsonii, II, 6
jacuaeeaa: Tt: oe
— 11,622
lan 4, 215622
pay
sraber) cr
rigidus, IT,
chaffneri, II, 626
plendens, II, 627
strictus, 11, 626, 627
sulphureus, II, 6
argillaceus, II, 623
svilvest II,
torreyi, IT,
tencllus, IT, het
,
EE
clifornicus, II, 623
II, 6
e 11222
losemite ceuniiel
I
debilis serrata, 1V,97
Lau coy ilicifolia,
11.4
bau II, 467
fremontii, IV, 159
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
emo a; IV,
steadaieia. IV, 162
heterotricha, IV, 164
hispida, TV, 162
utea, IV
rian IV, 162
162
— Iv, 162
160
fecovanga, IV, 159
munzii, IV, 1
nutans, 1V, 166
niculata, IV, 163
pentachaeta, IV, 162
albida, IV, 162
hansen
septentrionalis,
IV, 160
Lebetina cooperi,
porophylloides, IV, 251
Leersia oryzoides,
I, 120
Ledum
ees ae eat, 298
columbianum, III, 299
seers: vias 298
= ost
aati IIT, 298
palustre, III, te
— enere, IV, 8
lim a, IV, 88
Le OK usta a biflora, IV, 78
V.78
Tl, 474
N Sicis ingles,
TIT, 2350
Leighia lanceolata,
IV,
Leiostemon thurberi,
III, 750
peng oy congdoni,
IV, 1
Lemmonia, III, 522
ealitopaies, TIE S22
LENTIBULARIACEAE,
IV, 10
Leonotis leonurus,
Tif,
Lesbkes triphylla,
Ledtitedon: IV, 588
autumnalis, IV, 589
boreale, IV, 556
hirtum, I
hivwuturs, IV, 566
hispidus aves 588
lacvigatus IV, 611
leysseri, IV, a 589
lyr ae IV, 61
nudicaulis, EM; mae
ceratophorus, IV, 611
, 588
Lepargyraca argentea,
64
enna III, 164
iv peat hinia, TI, 643
Pe i jonesit,
259
a etalu win, IT, 261
bipinnatifidam; LE; 262
campestre, ee ss
nes L264
sires Il, 261
es
a
Rt
didymum, IT, 263
draba, II, 258, 259
flavum, II, 25
fremon
idahoense, II, 261
intermedium, II, 261
jaredii, II, 259
jonesii, IT, 259
, 262
ect U1, , 258
me oe
menziesii, os oi 262
montanum, II, 259
canescens, II, 259
j. FE, 259
repens,
ruderale lasiocarpum,
texanum, II, 261
monoides, III, 769
ae poco peed madi-
oides, 1V,1
Lepigonum gracile,
macrothecun m, IT, 156
Lepta us gramineus,
Leptarrhena, 1B 355
I
asea vespertina,
361
Lepraxi mensziesit,
TE 374
Leptiton canadense,
382
Bebidas hloa, I, 180
uninervia, I, 181
Leptorchis ‘loe selit,
Lepiedaétploni IIT, 454
5
_
_
aos 2
mn on
on ft
unr
Pelican! III, 431
hallii, 455
peter = 455
pee ri, III, 455
aegeri, ‘IIT, 4
Haein: Ill, 4
pulchriflorum,
ITI, 45
shastense, IIT, 455
pungen
re
hrifors, III, 455
pence TIs455
squarrosum, III, 455
subflavidum, III, 455
455
Leptoplectron, III, 784
Leptoseris sonchoides,
IV, 578
Leptosiphon acicularis,
LE,
ee i 429
s
ms osyne bigelovii,
132
valfomelea:} IV, 134
hamiltonit, IV, 132
pts AV, 13
ewberryi, IV, 2
iillmane: IV, 134
aenia anomala,
II, 25
radshawii, Lit, 252
a, III, 267
denticulata, ie 257
leibergi oe
min aTIL, 2
m ultifida, I
sal)
e ardina, II, 287
sone:
286, 287
peirsont
ramulosissima,
377
TV.3
eee IN; nf)
ighreeet
lemm nii, IV, a7, 378
son
cocoa The a
leptoclada, IV, 380
arachn a IV, 380
halote euc
380
microcePhale, IV, 398
tenuis, 1V, 380
Pies IV, 378
micradenia,
IV, 378, 379
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
arachnoidea, IV, 380
glabrata, Se 379
nana, |
eases, ae 378
lada,
icr a, IV, 378
m erocephola, IV, 378
tenuis, I
ce. VV. 377
subs tag ata, 1V, 378
tenuis, IV, 376
jared, IV, 376
mentosa, IV, 377
virgata, IV, 378
um cha-
‘macmelin, il 399
leu
1V, “a
oe IV, 394
celene, IV, 332
ar pine IV, 332
ericoides, IV, 332
ste co ocraspedum albo-
ntanum 1
Le ucOSseris Ladleacmibin:
, 580
Rls. IV, 580
2 onuifolia, 1V, 580
Leucosyris carnosa,
Vv
davisiae, Ill, er
Lewisia, gf 131
alba,
curantice, " a
ber 4
elle ae - poi
br achycar rpa, IT, 135
sierrae, IT, 134
triphylla, II, 131
tweedyi, IT
_
w
w
cu E71
onta) I, 70
Ligusticum, III, 2
ehtas aka: i. A
abisileletie helleri,
2
apiifolium, III, 235
minor, III, 237
cacruleoMontanium;
a 23
anbyi, III
cUusi ee III, oo
filici
tenifolium, Ill; 235
grayi, III, 2
bor ns ‘ae
ata occidentalis,
TIL va
LILIACEA I, 379
Liliorhica lanceolata,
I,4
ium I, 416
bakeri, I, 420
bloomerianvan I, 420
atum, I, 420
boa 1, ree
chee um, 1,4
ns, 1,417
washingtonianuit,
I, 417
purpureum, I, 417
Limnalsine diffusa,
I, 124
LIMNANTHACEAE,
IE
Limnanthes, III, 46
alba, III, 49
pia ae III, 49
baker
Piatra ONG III, 49
697
ee be -
ta,
sulphurea, III, 46
versicolor, III, 47
parishii ah 47
Limi ores cola,
IE f29
ee Fe . ed
difolia,
perfoliata, U 127
Jmmorchis, C es
Limonium, ITI, 3
aiitonahied "TE, 3
commune neitfotuica
III, 344
mexicanum, III, 344
mex m, III, 344
tica, III, 732
Linanthastrum nut-
tallii, II
flo bund, _ 431
413
rae ‘III,
III, gu
dacislopksim,
Pe m, IIT, 424
d canores III, 426
698
[Linanthus]
dianthiflorus, III, 424
farinosa, pe 42 4
ait
septentrionalis,
III,
jonesii, III, 422
pharnaceoides,
, 418
vall icola, III, 418
43
ori
nudicaul, I, 407
oblanceolatus, III, 427
orcuttit , 426
luteolus, III, 430
Ill, 430
peirsoni, itt, 423
* naceoides,
‘M8.
Be Ill
pusillu pach shear
ertsonii, 427
bE See
ae 786
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
longiflora, IV, 48
longifiora, IV, 48
: et Ee:
IV, 302
rip llr IV, 288
4, 1V, 300
, 330
Ceilaeain: ot 303
depressa, 1V,3
howardit sense
IV, 301
pari g = — 299
par
adenophyltum, L312
angustifolium, III, 11
puberulum,
ee puberulum,
III,
sperg be a III, 14
usi tatissimum Tl, 11
8
a, £ canescens,
613
rior, oe 613
lanceolate, it, -
reptans, III, 6
wr ightii, Ill, dey
Liquivitia lepidota,
II, 613
Lisianthus exaltatus,
i sty a caurina, I, 48'
convallarioides, 1, 480
rdata, 1, 480
co
nephroph _— I, 480
eri, II, 369
ig, Ss
campanulat: a, > a oo
a II, 370
mbalaria, Il, 370
laciniata, II, 369
parvi iflora, II, 368, 370
rupicola, TL, 368
seabrella, II, 369
nella
TL 368, 369, 370
i he!
Lithospermum, tL 546
arvense, III, 548
californieum, hhee 548
circumscissu
, 548
eolatum, III, 548
rinctorium: on 574
a, IV,95
cardinalis graminea,
IV, 96
multifiora, IV, 96
pseudosplendens,
oo IV, er
dortmanna, IV, 9
door. cael, Rag 97
falcata, 1V,9
graninea IV, 96
7 IV, 96
nea, 1V,
kalmii, IV, 96
strictifora, 1V, 96
pu V,9
renathl lia, III, 454
pee aga a bg i Bai 3S
re a, IV, 490
seth oe r ‘asd
neers I, 236, 237
cristatum, I, 237
italicu 1, 237
multiforme 1-237,
rictum, I, 23
arvense
Lomaria spicant,
12
Lomatium, IIT, 246
alatum purpureum,
III, 25
ambiguum, III, 253
angustatum, III, 261
avum, III, 261
:;
caliters nicum, III, 267
psi Ii, 252
caruiielbat, 257
erythropodu:
TIL, 257
solanense, III, 257
congdonii, 2
cous, III, 25
cusickii, III, 266
cuspidatum,
Il,
um decorum,
ET
medium, III, 258
I, 263
gelm anni ii, III, 261
humile, III, 257
id nse, III, 267
insulare, III, 249
jonesii, I
l
semivittatum,
III, 260
marginatum, III, 255
rtindalei, III, 264
dicktindins. II, "253
nelsonianum, III, 264
nevadense, III, 257
parishii, III, 258
vevisdeicatall:
I
nudicaule; TIT, 268
pa ts m, III, 250
rollins sii, III, sg
salmonifioru
TH, °363
semisepultum,
III, 258
serpentinum, ae 263
simplex, ITI, 2
aca iea-
III, 266
sonnei, III, 2
suksdorfii, bo 267
tra 125
triternatum, ITI, 266
m, III, 266
pete III, 266
“TIT. 266.
tuberosum, III, 263
utriculatum, III, 255
themifolt
Tiie2s
glabrum, III,
rrupta
subspicata, IV, 54
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Ehren IV, 52
e
ae
IV,4
camuni s, I
Laphonths cusichii;
a dea III, 626
urtcifolins, III, 624
Lophochlaena califor-
THACEAE, I, 528
Lotodes californicum,
II,
castoreu FE,
elipticum latifolium,
IT, 554
macrostach yum,
orbiculare, II, 554
nevadensis, II, 54
nuttallianus, II, 550
oeomes is > 542
pie river IT, 545
Loxanthes fasciculatus,
wigia, 168
wires rade mr, 168
apetala, III, 1
ans Sek eg
IIT, 168
palustris americana,
IIT, 168
if
nar recto! IV, —
pipert, 458
rpentina, IV, 457
stricta, IV, 458
albo:
albus, II, 483
699
aliceae, IT, 630
alcis-montis, IT, 630
alilatissimes, Il, 502
amphibius, IT, 505
i, 11, 51
sicki ;
lobbii, 11, 495
torreyi, II,
hoensis, II, 496
arvensi- -plasketti,
II, 630
austromontanus,
IT, 507
barbatus, II, 514
benthamii,
borealis, Il, 1
brachypodus, 11, 496
b eei, IT, 630
bitoni,
bru cu ro
amblyophyllus,
it.
carnosulus, II, 494
caudatus, II, 497
rubeicaulis, II, 497
700
Bes ones oo al
submanens, II, 630
Pir sition ag I, 497
Rete dona IT, 630
christinae, Tl, 630
i us 94
aiupee et ES 505.
flexu Pe
ormosus, II,
bridgesii, IT, 514
ler , 11, 51
Ss.
fragrans, II, 63
glareosus, Il, 487
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
gormanii, TEAS LL
II, 498, 505
amblyophyllus,
II, 498
horizontalis, II, 486
johan s-howellii,
1; 631
jucundus, ay “hee
ns 1, i;
febabicna II, 631
ps eus, II, 487
hendersonianus,
II,
mollis, TI, 498
rmanensis, II, 498
II, 509
littoralis, II, 509
lobbii, I1, 495
longifolius, “1 =
longipes, II
eideericl
microphyllus, II, 495
pachylo “ ee IT, 494
trifidus, I1, 495
microcarpus II, 487
dai 487
Orin. II, 487
indie. soba; II, 631
minimus, IT, 515
Be onthe’ It, ots
pe eee: II, 631
moll
m ollisifotius, II, 507
, II, 494
apricus, II, 494
1,502
ihe Tr, 511
ein II, 631
a I,.631
piperitus sparaipile-
Pea II, 495
grandifolius, II, 515
pallidipes, II, 5
pondii, 491
intermontanus,
II, 490
pocbaags% II, 503
631
, 506
gle datretaaess.
II,
priate II, 506
mpsonianus,
A
wallowensis, II, 631
sis, II, 510
subalpinus,
ubhirsutus, 91
sublanatus, IT, 631
riceus, II, 518
transmontanus,
II, 487
ucculentus, IT, 490
succ
suksdorfii, II, 506
sulphureus, II, 498
Fe naa
II, 6
Pct II, 515
ber
w
ayethit,
yakimens is, II, 631
po eRe II, 518
Luzul
glabrata, I, 369
lutea, 1, 369
andersonii ITI, 667
rticola, III, 667
gracilipes, III, 666
Aare . Mestre III, 667
has.
aa ae ae
mum, ITI, 666
patineri, FEL. oc
parishii, ITI, 66
pringlei, III, pe
richit, III, 666
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
shockleyi, III, 667
pei Me 466
rreyi, III, 667
“fljorme, III, 667
osum, Ill, 666
slated. III, 667
Lycopersicon esculen-
salica
sanfordii, III, 167
tribracteatum, ITI, 167
Machaeranthera,
attenuata, IV, 334, 335
s, IV, 334, 335
Mac rocarphus achilleae-
folia,
Os WV3
Macronema naades.
IV, 300
discoideum, IV, 280
molle, TV, 280
pulvisculiferum,
IV, ~
scopari TY. 2
suffraticosum, iV. ‘300
alpolee IV, 281
Marnapodtuin lacinia-
tum, II, 244
orhynchus angus-
==
8
Be |
wn
sep ide IV, 562
harfordii, I
hetero i ee iv, 566
humilis,
lessingt, We gor
orsum, IV, 565
froximoides, IV, 564
PL ePHIL
III. 732
. adaria corymbosa,
fiber SN hispida,
racemosa, IV, 168
M ht ate angusti-
folia, IV, 1
carnosa, Vv G
701
douglasti, IV, 162
e s, IV, 160
heterotricha, IV, 164
hicracioides, nA 162
hirsuta, IV, 1
Madia, I
¥.4
densifolia. ag 168
hispida, IV, We
vernalis, IV,1
whe re IV, vr
exigua,
macrocephala
TV 17
filipes, Vv 171
macrocephala,
IV,
171
cease ag 170
pilosa, IV,
hallii, IV, 166
hispida, 1V
subspicata IV. ia
la, IV, 168
154
Madronella A le
III, 657
candicans, III, 657
diss gers IV, 170
douglas oy Ie Ff
lance Slat
amplectens, 2
aquifolium, IT, ar 218
dictyota, II, 218
702
[Mahonia]
fascicularis, II, 217
fremontii, II,
Maianthemum, I, 454
bifolium dilatatum,
I, 455
convallaria, I, 454
dilatatum, I, 455
Mataceag, II, 4
M. alacolepis coulteri,
V, 576
Malacomeris incanus,
IV, 579
Malacothamnus arcua-
he
-
insularis squalida,
IV, 576
obtusa, IV, 578
arviflora, 1V, 578
platyphyli, IV, 584
runcinata, IV, 576
meee “TW. 580
tg
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
tenuis, IV, 496
Malus, IT, 470
diorre ote, Be 470
coccine
fsciulaa, aie 2
hederacea, III,
mabachtoides. in "ie
ro otundifolia, IL, 109
stellat
sylv ve ris, See 109
i
fragrans, ITI, 95
fremontii, Ill, 95
ce rcophorum, IIT, 95
um, ITI, 95
Te, III,
grossu lariaefolia,
jo
hallii, IIT, 91
ri, III, 95
howellii, III, 95
cordatu 9
III, 94
fasciculata, III, 92
betas ITI, 95
m, III, 90
Mammillaria. ae oe
alversonii, III,
=
as)
™
~
> 8
ais 8
i)
25
Be
mH +
—_~*
_
ot
a
i]
se ow Tit: 159.
i
60
simplex, III, 162
simpsonti, III, 159
Icolanata, III, 159
tetrancistra, III, 160
Marah, IV, 6 67
fabaceus, TV 76271
mis, IV, 70
macrocarpus, ve 70
major, 1V,7
micranthus, TV: 70
major, lV,
micranthus, IV, 70
muricatus, IV, 68
vestita, I,
9 iN ea je |
Martyn z, IV, 1
M en auernitolis.
I
altheaefolia, ne 3
mS,
BS
Ng
%
=
=
“
a
vulgaris, lV, 388
M aus parvifolia,
Ist 3
Matri ‘elath IV, 398
ae hang IV. 4 400
inodora, IV, 399
maritima, IV, 399
matricaricides.
obliqua, IV, 39
occidentalis, IV, 400
odorata, IV, 3
parthenium, Iv, 396
tens, 1V, 3
pube estens: Iv, iy
segetum, IV
svovecieds
IV, 399, 400
vulgaris, [V, 396
Matthiola, II, 321
incana, TI 32k
ure wa
flora, III, 784
pbs) val 784
stricta,
Mazus, x bot
japonicus, IIT, 688
rugosus, III, 688
Meadia clevelandii,
III, 342
nee ee ah 341
5
Meconopsis crassifolia,
i;
heterophylla, II, 230
Medica iupulina, TI, 520
media
Me ees ‘" sis
0
upaniana, II, 520
maculata, II, 520
n i kk eu
Meg alodonta beckii,
TV (13
hendersonii, IV, 130
Sd Pager lee IV, 130
pe IV,
Megarrhiza secs,
T¥;71
guadalupensis, 1V, 70
ve ah, 1
muricata, IV, 68
oregana, IV, 68
M egastachya uninervia,
Lae
Melampodium, IV, 138
americanum, IV, 139
il, IV, 172
ar
lineare, III,8
M felandrinm oy Hekei-
m, II, 1
Fier ie Pa
Mel anobatus Smee
nus, II, 457
sabi II, 457
ares m Te
MEL NTHACE EAE, I, 371
Melarhisa Soiclaided;
TV,.1
Melia sr OES
I, 20
u canna is;
Ti;
MELIACEAE, III, 20
parishii, 1, 193
poaeoides, I, 193
ta 92
Melocactus wirideacent,
II, 156
Mengea californica,
Menodora, III, 349
helianthemoides,
III, 349
glabrata, Ill, 662
pe IIT, 661
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
piperita, III, 66
pulegium, III, 6
rotunaisaiin 4 8
spicata, III, 65
rotundifolia, III, 661
gilda Loe
eremophila, III, 137
nitens, III, 137
lon globo, Ii], 135
micrantha, III, 140
nultiora, wee 135
S,L11,
phila, I an 4a
pechihte III, 139
peirsonii, III, 135
pinetorum, III, 139
puberula, 3
12137
MENYANTHACEAE,
Si si
nth es, IIT, 365
z 303
ferru
giabelia III, 301
inter media, I. 172
unispicata, s
ae tga artied,
Fs jeines texana,
bakeri amoena,
546
bella, III, 544
br achycalyz, IIT, 545
ciliata, III, 545
stomatechoides,
IIT, 545
cu usickit, III, 546
a, III, 546
Presi III, 546
— iit; 54
ensis, ITI, 546
penile III, 545
pase borealis,
ate
pe 6
onicnaite:: ar. 546
pulmonarioides,
III, 544
oe III, 544
stomatechoides
lif, 54 45
subcordata, TIT, 545
seguilaterale, arr 119
chilense, ITI
cordifaium, in, 119
tallin .118
pnb rari GC 119
edule, III,
nodiflorum, III, 118
Mesorcanth us barbiger,
24
II, 249
fallax, II, 249
vimineus, II, 249
esosphaerum emoryi,
Ait,
M espilus amelanchicr,
I ,
Metagonia ovata,
27
III,
Micrampelis fabaceus
agrestis, 1V,71
jranthes acquiden-
a, II, 366
aitesii i; Au
tip 3 ee
howell i; 363
na,
ruhdale Hoey
Microbahia ot
Hef rh
a, ITI, 351
“aor IIT, ses
gulari
_ 351 |
M icrolon chus salman-
ticus , 544
703
Mi icromeria chamis-
procera,
leptoscpala, IV, 557
lindleyi,
TV, 558, 559, 560
, *
aphantocarpha,
troximoides, 1V. $53
Microsisymbrium
BP sien rr II, 246
III
elves mage
a, III, 462
elbelle ITI, 413
racilis, III, 413
To nike, ITT, 413
Abin IIT, 413
aski
III, 462
Miium lendigerum,
Miltitzia. III, 518
glandulifera, III, 519
704
[M. glandulifera]
mimetanthe pilosa,
III, 706
Mimosa scorpioides,
IT; —
MIM
Minaiees: 7 me
arvensis, III, 711
atropurpureus,
I
aurantiacus, III, 715
Tit;
biolettii, III, 699
bolanderi, III, 724
III, 724
brachiatus, TiT,.723
clementinus, III, 711
evelandii, III, 714
clivicola, III, 718
pti re TET 722
e Ss, tH 7
decurtatus, III, 724
is, 21
subulatus, III, 700
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
fremontii, III, 722
viscidus, III, 722
geniculatus, IIT, 700
eo 70 4
lyratus, III, 711
np siacter ss te 710
puber cts, in yee
niet III, 71 12
hallit alvordensis,
FILES?
hirsutus, ¥1j, 712
moniliformis, Il, pea
sai III, 704
n
69
se ssilifolins, Ill, —-
eae ag mh
s, 1]
"bllolok. i = 1
subuniflorus, ie 730
nasutu s, III, 7
insignis, III, =
mnicranthus, III, a
procerus, III, 712
erulus,
111,707; 712
pulchellus, ITI, 727
veronicifolius, III, 707
viscidus, III, 722
washingtonensis,
III, 70
whipplei, III, 701
whitneyi, ee Nes
wolf, IIT,
Minuartia So Sa
II, 14
douglasii, II, 146
hoz ae jig
sect es major,
ee
pusilla, Tt; Hy
II, 47
Mirabilis, 106
bigelov
ae
ee ae a, aed
trifida,
Mitelstra, =a 375
II, 375
Miellopsis hookeri,
377
Gece Il; 376
pentandra, II, 376
ifida, 11, 377
Mit tophyllum diversi-
folium, IT, ae
eu ola, TIT, 8
ateliniant: ee 84
uthiiedds III, 84
Moehringia, IT, 152
pees ra, IT,152
ee 11, 152
MUSCO. 152
ar ea ou 788
brev III, 788
aia. III, 788
aide III, 788
Moluccella laevis,
III, 630
Momordica echinata,
I
Monanthochlog, I, 181
Monardelta Ill, 648
onoides, III, 654
ausieets. IIT; ie
breweri, ITI, 6
can ndicans, III, ee
ae
48
=
a
.
Loan)
=
inl
Nn
cinerea, IIT, 650
crispa, ITI, 655
c oriacea, III, 650
sia: ‘it a
forsee pen nite 650
glauca, III, 6
plébos a, II
hypoleuca, III, 651
saxicola, IT 1
lanceolata, III, 6
glandulifera, =~ as
midveegliahs
IIT, 655
sanguinea, III, 655
ledifolia, IIT, 651
le ucocephala, IIT, 657
4
odoratissima,
“TIT, 654
glauca, ITI, hig
ta,
ie. a
— IIT, 654
654
pallida
1.6
III, 650
suhaserath, IIT, 650
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
z ‘iminea, III, 655
II,
Monerma cylindvica,
Motiéses:; TE, 291
grandifiora, III, =
reticulata, III, 29
uniflora, IIT, 291
reticulata, III, 292
— YLEDONES
Pine epis, II, 74
riuttallinne; II, 74
» e245, a4
EV 223
Mono ptilon, IV, 304
heliiforie,
4,305
gn oie IV, 305
mip tg x intricata,
“IV,2
megoceala IV, 200
Mon ac 1il, 293.
caifornee ae 296
a, III, 293
Paes III, 295
hypopitys, III, 295
californica, III, 296
laithepsdooas IIT 5
flora, III, 293
ROPACEAE
IT, 1
gyps soils, il. 127
hallii, 11, 1
heterophylla, ae 129
howellii, IT, 1
7
129
pean se 129
spathulata, IT,
exigua, IT, 127
stenophylla, a an
sweetseri, IT,
waskinete das
HH;
pikes ne ce oo
mum, -
line igh
howell, “Nb ae
Mortonia, IIT, 54
scudectla utahensis,
III, 54
pede bai IIT, 54
utahensis, ITI, 54
Mudieas californica,
pe rfoliata, II,
depauperata, I, 138
filiformis, I, 140
folio sa ambigwa, T, 140
glomerat, A
bre vifolt ie oe
gracili age
gracilina, i 40
leaiiodt “ei
3
sehreberi ‘ id
uarr 38
ssleatico gr
140
cant, I, 141
Ss
tenuis,
uscaria ‘adscendens,
IT, 359
penchgisg TI, 359
Mu E, IV, 549
Myaeeee panicilatum,
,
sativum, II, 291
Mycelis muralis,
Myginda myrtifolia,
ick a, 111,599
i IIT, 542
705
micrantha, ITI, 543
Ve
niceahihle M1, are
HI,
redowskit,
storpioides:
III, 541, 542
peiatics , LIT, 542
palustris, 111, 542
pee n IL, 565, 566
sic
LLA95
Myriopteris gracilis,
1 2F
Myrrhis bolanderi,
I
claytonit, III, 226
Mysorrhiza californica,
cooper
cemhie: Iv, re
grayana,
pinorum, IV, ‘
I ese — iu 594
Nal E, I, 9
marina, I, 9
palsies: a 92
sie
Naioc a ptt
li-t
Nama, 2 S25
ar
aretioides: pen 523
biflora spathulatum,
1:52
pwn ti ITI, 525
706
[Nama]
hispidum, III, 525
revolutum, III, 525
7 5
sagittata, WV, 456
specio , 455
Na oP ria ip 1,372
californicum p;\373
ssifragum occiden-
tale, I, 37
Nassella chilensis,
113
Nasturtium armoracia,
II
— m, Il, 278
9,
~
4
zs <
mei pone fe
bo fee
iS
On
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
diversifolia, III, 405
dubia, III, 4
pa AINE A III, 452
erecta, III, 443
eriocephala, III, 446
sail
fallax 451
filicaulis, III, 449
filifolia, III, 437
diffusa
pr opin qua, III, 443
involucrata, III, 440
lutescens, III, 435
antha, III, 451
matthewsii, III, 453
a, LH, 452
jaredii, III, 448
nigellaeformis,
TIT, 445
radians, III, 445
nudicaulis, IIT, ae
nuttallit,
oc
pe 449
pilosifaucis, III, 443
plieantha, ITI,
pu ea
ee II , 419
a, III, 451
III, 443
seneaiil IH, 452, 453
setiloba, ITI, 446
setosissima, III, 453
lig
Bain fii III, 442
3
~
=
a
—
=
te
gs
ms
w
wm
rac III, 434
gymnocephala,
ITI, 435
oligantha, III, 435
5
I
purpurea, III, 452
ang cadiforwinuns,
no
vere capitata, II, 409
— IT, 409
monogyna alternans,
II, 410
opulifolia mollis,
Nemacaulis, 11.2
denudata, II, 2
foliosa, II,
nuttallii, II, 2
Nemacladus, IV, 82, 87
denophorus, IV, 84
capillaris, IV, 87
landuliferus, IV, 86
ramosissimus,
montanus,1V,8
pinnatifidus, IV, es
rigidus, IV, 86
odiifolia, III, 480
erosa, IIT, 481
evermannii, a 482
exiqua, III, 4
exilis, III, reg
rok ie ITI, 484
fallax, III, 484
glauca, III, 48
gracilis, III, 4
heterophylla, III, 484
integrifolis, mae 482
micran ok a, aoe aaa
minutiflora spe =
modes
mcronat, es
nana, III, 481
nemorenshe: III, 484
parviflora, III, 484
i 4
a bacelo(dee. IIT, 480
i 84
sepulte, Ill, 4
spatulata, III, nthe
tenera, III, 484
Nemosceris californica,
357.
neo-mext icana, 1V, 575
B pushoaedn pd ra 8
HE
microcarpa, III, 162
seebney glu-
tinosa, III, 16
eaciawhe colusana,
I, 188
N. es ees integri-
folia 51
ovata, os 51
Neowashingtonia fila-
entosa, I, 345
N noche puberu-
lum,
Nephroohyllidium,
EE;
crista-galli, III, 366
Neslia, II, 291
paniculata, II, 291
Newberrya congesta,
III, 297
longtloba, III, 297
spicata, III, 297
subterranea, III, 297
Nicolletia, IV, 250
s, IV, 250
683
nata multiflora,
II, 684
ee III, 684
glauc
ipo cinopitions no 684
multifiora, III, 6
méltivalvis = eg 7
ba mbaginifolia bige-
qu vadrivalvis, in, 685
rustic
Nigella damascena,
Nitrophila, II, 67;
111;.3
occidentalis, II, 67
Nolina, I, 4
bigelow, “ a
georgiana, I, 448
parryi, I,
orta altissima, IT, 267
, LL, 267
Nothocalas
sire TV-553
mergers): IV, 554
T. 163
mollis, I, 163
Nothoscordum aureum,
T, 398
maritimum
N be srs polysepalum,
m: babes brandegei,
I
polysepala, IT, 17:
NYMPHAEACEAE, II, 172
Obione bracteosa, II, 82
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
confertifolia, II, 87
a, II, 82
Ochrocodon pudicus,
iva tostomum, I, 412
oe oar californica,
III, 1
alys Laatals LTT, 2
villosa
i,
nitida, III, 204
suffruticosa, IIT, 204
shelddoitihe Hi,'193
clav raeformis III, 206
co gnata,
hive, ¥
heterantha, III, 197
ih
T
heterochroma, Abe a3
s, IIT, 2
hilgordit mt, ber”
hir' 1H,:2
indy, is 187
clutei,
III, 194.
marginata, ITI, 195
purpurea, III, 195
osaiae age
TIT, 202,
abramsit, ny 204
707
exfoliata, III, 204
ignota, III, 204
jonesii, III, 204
minor cusickii,
III, 20
scapoidea aurantiaca,
Ill,
clavaeformis, ITT, 206
purpurascens, III, 206
rsa, ITI, 206
strigulosa pubens,
III, 202
tanacetifolia, III, 197
trichocalyx, III, 194
triloba ecristata,
96
venusta, III, 193
Onlifa ce californica,
oraite IIT, 346
Omalanthus caniphora-
tus,
Omalotes camphorata,
IV
IIT
strigosa, ITI,
Ownacraceae, IIT, 167
708
Onopordum, IV, 510
acanthium, IV, 510
Onychium densum,
L;23
rag Ar 1 au
ssum, I,
ae orrh
2
ope alternans,
I, 410
oo II, 409
alvaceus, II, 4 409
opulifolius capitatus,
Opuntia, III, 143
nthocarpa, my 145
pee hae III, 145
hotlines. III, 148
bra achyclada, III, 148
48
parkeri, ITI, 145
robustior, Ill, 145
ngelmannii littoralis,
humistrata, III, 148
hystricina, III, 149
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
incarnadilla, III, Seen
intricat a, III, 15
indheimeri sol
TIL,
pn tola III, 152
mesacantha vaseyi,
III, 1
missouriensis, III, 149
mohanennt ory 153
munzii, III, 1
occidentalis, in, 152
villet Ill, 1
145, 146
phaeacantha covillei,
, 152
majavensis, ori 153
rigs EG Bea}
ea canta, i, 149
rreee 146
raiesauel =
III,
ramosi sR III, 145
rhodantha, ITI, 149
ta megacantha,
IT,.150
rubifiora, III, 152
aipite a 148
Orch
porrfolnm, I, 479
um, 1, 479
man.
Secueee I, 469
Orchi.
dilatata, I, 473
elatum
mil, 4
glondulosum, i, ao
heckneri, II,
kelloggi IL, 135
leanum, II, 1
longneialu, a. 134
sitifolium, II, 133
vee: 1,143)
ecdyi,
Oreocallis davisii,
_
“WwW
cd
pss 598
suffruticosa abortiva,
1:5
mpsonii, III, 600
oo palitaretee,
aa
a eo ana: III, 2
Oreophila myrtifolia,
I
15
Oreostemma alpigenum,
IV, 32
andersonii, IV, 328
vulgar
Onavan bicolor,
IV, 389
mixta, IV, 389
Ornithogalum divarica-
tum, > a:
1x10
Presi — III, 347
laremontensis,
corymbosa, IV,7
ri, IV, 10
lu doviciana cooperi,
V,8
latiloba, 1V,8&
valida ,1V,8
mai ae IV, 3
praesent IV,8
multiflora arenosa,
IV,8
pringlei, 1V,8
ino CEN
porphyrantha, IV, 5
ramosa, IV,
tuberosa, IV, 5, 10
uniflora inundata,
minuta, 1V,4
occidentalis, IV, 4
purpurea, IV,
sedi, 1V, 4
valida,
¥,
Orobus littoralis,
HH,
Or cchaenacts, IV, 246
carpha, IV, 246
linearifolia, =‘ 241
lat 1-2
Paid nti a 810
attenuatus, III, 815
oldtiensis,
4
insalutatus, Bias Ey
linearilobus, III, 814
lithospermoides,
III, 813
olympicu
pdchystachyus,
III, 817
cuspidatus, III, 817
pallescens, eo rt
parishii, III, 8
pilosus, III, oN
pir dace Paes
III, 824
monensis, III, 825
psittacinus, Ill, 825
nee rascens, III, 814
latifolius, III, 814
alailie ITI, 814
13
III, 813
schizotr aris III, 824
sonomensis, a 813
str ict us , I, 815
cuspidata, I, 136
A, 1135
Loeeeeee i, 1;135
hym eee I, 136
pape
rembranace, I, 136
aitien a, I,
ere eri,
smadenia oe
IV, 186
Osmaronia, II, 4
ce rasiformis, Pt Ne
purpurea,
_Osmunda incnelee
lunovid: 1. 3,4
spic cant, I, 21
virginiana, I, 4
Ourisia californica,
II, 529
OxXALIDACEAE, ITI, 8
Oxalis, ITI, 8
a Ill, 8
trilliifolia, III, 8
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Oxybaphus, II, 104
brandegei, Il, 106
u 104
1iz,2
pot inert ig 245
Oxyria, IT, 54
ine idea, II,
emarginata, I :
foli
m
cusickii, IT, 611
deflexa, IT, 613
luteola, II, 611
luteolus, IT, 611
mazama, II, 61
montana, II,
kanoganea, II, 611
olympica, II, 6
oreophila, II, 611
parryi, II, 613
visci abn II, 613
O ryura chrysanthe-
pacifica, 7
stauropetala, I, 377
rifida, II, 377, 378
pies fe Ae
Pachistima, ITI, 54
canbyi, III, 54
myrsinites, III, 5
Pachylophis wept
Paeonia, II,
brow BT 175
gigan
Palenlerte cornee,
V,
Pebener® debilis ser-
ata, IV,
Pauue Mr ileeaint
III, 2
.
Pie eh americana
1, 213
praise i211
osta chye, 1,212
mato, I =
nerv.
elat ree
seidentalis, i ae
iflor
arizonicum, I, 112
barbipulvinatum,
[3
Bowl re, 1,413
Be nihil tig
dichotomum, ‘435
scopariu m, wa 116
ian
longiglume, I, 114
ve ertiilatn, i138
ride, 1,1
psieso Be 9 230
pel si one seb 230
califor m, II, 230
heterophyllum rg
ssifolium oe
Prise 1,2
rho 23
II, 223, 629
Parentucellia, III, 800
floribunda, III, 800
viscosa, III, 800
Parkinsonia aculeata,
II,4 sae?
florida,
microbll <7 479
torr 480
Poon ae pike
II,
Parnassia, II, 347
113
‘- —— abeeiccas,
pt nica, II, 558
simplifolia, Il, 558
mollissima, ved
mollissim
1eglecta, II,
parryi, II, 557
polyadenia, et 558
schottii, II, 558
SPIRO i. nag:
epurvcarp
12
ert og II, —
menziesil, er
glabra 1,2
- uginosa, IL, 290
Parthenopsis maritimu
97
a
vaseyanum, I, 111
virgatum pubiforum,
Pastinaca, ee i
sativa, III, 2
Patrini ia cera pa
IV, 58
Paxistima, III, 54
5,
710
Pectocarya, III, 535
chilensis californica,
121; 53
gracilis platycarpa,
iH;
heterocarpa, III, 536
lin sao erocula,
rs
Bovaesinny ITI, 536
Ill, =
penicilata, 15°536
heter pica iI, —
plat ycarpa, Ill
paddoensis, IIL. 8 805
m ii, IIT, 159
Pediomelum californi-
cu ae 554
m, 11,555
parrintdahiy 11,5
Pellaea, I, 29
ndromedaefolia, I, 30
brachyptera, I, 31
na,
wrightiana eae
Peltiphyllum, TE, 355
peltatum, II, 355
Pennisetum villos
1,119
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Penstemon, Tit; 733
jg e Fe
alsinoides, III, 742
amabilis, III, 746
ambiguus tharberi;
Ti, 550
anguineus, III, 747
antirrhinoides,
Hit; 769
microphyllus,
III,
sien hy III, 742
palustris, III, 743
austinit, III, 755
azureus, im, — 763
angust
TTT, 761,
jeffreyanus, III, 761
parvulus, III, 763
barbatus labrosus,
FH;
barrettae, III, 765
berryt, III, 768
bra cchyantins —? le
breviflorus, ITI, 7
stabdlinpilod.
III, 769
bridgesii, III, 764
cacuminis, III, 738
cardwelli, ry 768
carinatu
conwrauentonia
ITI, 756
i nae ait
ITT:
chionophilus, III, 738
761
caeruleo-purpureus,
Lil, 738
seers eur ‘to
globos
br
coreitofiae He 770
E770
vberalenis TIT, 770
IIT, 765
savagei, III, 74
sudans, III,
748
suffrutescens, III, 748
763
posse PW §
dive ergens, ITI, 750
formos us, ITT, 738
f
glaber occidentalis,
1H, 751
speciosus, Ets 754
ja ndulosa chelanen-
s, III, 764
a sodailostis, III, 764
res
eterodoxus, III, 742
stphelehnecs
III, 742
hateiogitia III, 763
australis 763
palus, III, 760
ttatus,
laevigatus, III, 734
seater Ill, 739
oo i, III, 769
leptophylins, III, 746
leuca 3
lepine ai; 765
— californi-
s, III, 750
seoreus; Til, 747
lobbit TE 769
macbridei, se 760
I, 768
thom mpsonii, i, 768
geccneor 1, 738
sree sp: rn 770
minor, III, 747
rl, 751
monoensis, TH; 750
, 758
berryi,
rupicola, IH,
sonom
oreganus, ITI, 747
ovatus, III, 746
pine storm; III, 746
pruinosus, ITT,
pseudospectabilis,
III,
puberulus, III, 743
pumilus thompsoniae
I
pu rpus usii, III, 763
rattanii, ITI, 747
kleei, III, 747
minor, III, 747
recurvatus, III, 739
rex, 51
richardsonit, III, 764
roezlii, III,
othrockii, ITI, 769
seorsus, III, 747
sonomensis 68
cee ti tf; gl
pécio
pet in II, 756
padre
septentrionalis,
III, 770
tho let ie td 750
ut heneta
venustus, III, 764
washingtonensis,
z,
washoensis, III, 739
sima, ITI, 114
Dp $ es .
~
IV, 269
aphantochaeta, IV, 268
aurea, IV, 26
bellidiflora, IV, 268
exilis, lV, 268
aphantochaeta,
IV, 268
discoidea, ae 269
grayi i, IV, 2
Peplis eanivicaié:
ITI, 118
portula, III, 165
par veal I, 481
ens, I, 481
sone I, 481
repens, I, 48
pion Loti II, 473
m, II, 473
Prdciein satire
cum, IV, 550
= TV, eg
IV, 550
oa IV, 550
californica, III, 234
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
gairdneri, III, 233
howellii, III, 233
psc a8 a
III, 2
parishii, III, 2 a
pir ba III, 234
Peri
os a serrulatum,
i 32
Peter: IV,1
californica, 1, 199
— Ae 7 dh
orcuttii, IV, 199
panies palmer TV, 199
rothrockii, IV, 199
Persicaria alismaefolia,
Hp 6d:
chelanica, II, 62
covillei, IT, 63
sickii, II, 6
frenciscona i: 63
nee 63
ins a
apts, 11 66
nnsylvanic, - 66
a la
purpurata, II, 62
33
osteira laciniata,
II, 3
pdr tree, II, 371
corym 5, IV, 454
bet certs dipetala,
III,
Plaid IV, 296
Fences abrotani-
folium, III, 253
argense, III, 258
rine III, 258
ITI, 24
canbyi, III, 252
circumdatum, a7, 253
confusum, III, 250
cous 53
cusickii, III, 2 266
da P III, 258
donnellu, III, 263
euryptera, III, 249
[ TIE; 252
farinosum, III, 250
geyeri, III, 252
gormanii, III, 250
261
aberrans, III, 261
a Tl, 261, 264
has if
leviouli, III, 252
2
I
m, III, 260
arpum, III
mileetiom IH, 261
~
nevadense, Mt,
latum, ‘i, 589
mudicon rs ellipticum,
Hit, 2
calla III, 266
iriternatum alatum,
ee 2
evifolium, se 266
pe arpum, III, 252
le ptophyllum, III, 266
macrocarpum,
III, 266
platycarpum, III, 266
Peucephyllum,
cens, 1
5 11, 571
conjurcta, IT, 595
711
crotalariae, II, 589
cusickit 582
cere
leucephytie I, 579
miguelensis
acanthominthoides,
III
adenophora, III, 519
argentea,
— it, Se 493
austro
Ill
burkei, III, 500
AiZ
[Pha
californica, III, 498
bernardina, III, 498
otdensii TEE, $01
jacintensis, Ill, 498
circinata calycosa
I;
circinatiformis,
IH,
coerulea, III, 497
eremica
e
geraniifolia, III, 511
andulifera, IIT, 516
ETN ii, III, 511
grandiflora,
IH, 514, 515
greenei, TIT, 505
grisea, III, 509
evmnoclada ese 518
oe
heterophylla, eee 500
pygm
ohiailens “8 eo
heterosepala, IIT, 494
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
eterosperma, III, 512
hispida, ITI, 494
brachyantha, III, 494
heliophila, HI, 494
lobata, ITT, 50
hydr ae
iT.
imbricata III, 498
Ill
POS an oe en = 516
keckii, ITI, 511
anions? ITI, 516
lem i, TIT, 512
lenta, TIT 490
] 6,414; —
pias sepala, III, 501
u
lineari
9
purpurascens,
ik,
hiteopurpurca, III, 516
lyon 492
magelanice angusti-
ia, III, 500
ferruginea, III,
griseophylla, Ill, ne
8
nemoralis, III, 500
ot do-hispida,
Stirs IIT, 516
orogenes,
pachyphylla, IIT, 515
palmeri, III, 508
rt III, 512
p i} s
Le aay ul, 509
acger
jis aceli ee Ss, a 507
pretviagia. inter-
proce
nuifolia, Tikes “i
ormeet III, 5
= ITI, rt
mbrosa, III, 493
valicole, He 507
vallis-mortae, IIT, 494
ampliata, Ill, 500
bernardina, III, 498.
eta III, 514
whitlavia, ITT, 514
jonesti, ITI, 514
aco me cimae, is ied
_weiserensis, TI, 5
—
I, 183
rant dered IIT, 183
ea, I,
brachystachys, 122
californica, I, 121
canariensis, 1 120.122
caroliniana, I, 123
erucaeformis, I, 179
oryz zoides, 1, on 120
me — acto
morsa, * ‘ia
ana re
ahs pet spr taepal
381
imine III, 381
fie inti dryopteris,
G
feces 1:34
polypodioides, I, 14
neh pare californica,
lutea
Pinetorun, IV,6
ah a, IV, 5
ipterus multi-
s, 111; 278
re)
ae
=
Lona)
°
a}
=
7
—
confus
ordonianus, II, 384
helleri, IT, 384
lewisii, IT, 3
californicus, II, 385
platyphy ete II, 384
pumi 385
se lees eens TI, 385
stramineus, II,
Philib aati hartwegit
heterophylla, ty 4 SLs
hirtella, III, 3
fe ibe pride
Raven III, 373
linearis heterophylla,
III, 373
hirtella, II, 37
hs aA a“ reas ee
Phteum, I, 142
pratense, I, 14
Phlomis pare
Ill,
leonurus, III, 628
Phlox, III, 408
aculeata, IIT, sie
vase urgens, III, 4
ustromontana, aed 411
12
longistylis, III,412
genes:
III, 4
sees oe ITI, 412
go hrig occidentalis,
III, 411
dolichantha. III, 409
bernardina, IIT, 409
douglasii, III, 411
austromontana,
III, 411
Oo ae Ne:
413
humilis, ITI, 413
grayi, III, 409
hirsuta, IT
I, 409
odii canescens,
se =
hoo III, 455
hus nis III, 409
lanata, III, 413
prasnae III, 411
linearifolia longipes,
longifolia, III, 409
brevifolia, III, 409
calva, III, 409
da, 412
Seeronthifaia,
ITI, 412
speciosa, ITI,
nitic a; IIT,
stan sbury i, 11L4
mosum, III, 480
paaiaces F238
incu wrcains et. 239
incurvus, I, 239
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Ph shale. 1, 531
califor
. 531, 32
distans, I, 532
coloradense, I, 533
densum, I, 533
cues rum, I,
incisa, ITI,
lanceolata, III, 6
nodifl : canescens,
"TIT. 6
reians, III, 613
a, III, 613
Phyllodoce Ill, Dregs
bre ii, 3
paioh ns ni
glandulifiors, IIT, 303
4
ogonum Iuteolum,
Phyllospadix, 94
leri, I,
serrulatus, C 95
torreyi, I
Phymosia acerifolia,
III, 84
longisepala, ee 86
II, 8
rivularis, I
Physalis, ITI, es
— pe 69
alkek
III, 669
cardiashils IIT, 671
ct erp iss ia, III, 671
phylla, ITI, 671
digitalifoti, III, 671
rdifolia
I
greene I, 670
hederaefotia, III, 671
a, III, 669
pennsylvanica lanceo-
III, 671
lata, ,
pruinosa, III, 670
pubescens,
IH,
alpestris, II, 286
mp As re II, 286
whberry i, II, 286
namintensis;
IL 410
amurensis, II, 409
capitatus, II, 409
Ivaceus, IT, 409
basi ag sf 409
I, 409
Physo stegia ae
Fit, ben
Piar
crassipes, I, 349
nto sa, TI, 483
amare biennis,
IV, 208
canescens, IV, 208
c
asplenioides. IV, 588
echioides, IV, 588
Picrothamnus deser-
torum, IV, 412
Pieces engelmannii,
3
pizantcws, ITE TS3
Pilosella relicina,
IV,
Pilostyles thurberi,
IV, 617
Pilularia, I, 34
, 163
Pimpinella apiodora,
I, 235
gto nudicaulis,
11, 235
leptophylla, III, 228
parishit, III, 234
PinacEAgE, I, 52
californica, I, 57
713
commutata, - 61
ntorta
eflexa, 1, 57
edgariana, I, 60
edul
monophyla, 1,55
flexili
albic nies i 54
fre at gg Phe
ins pes 59
jeff itr 1, S7 3111, 365
prone rr = aS Pape
Thi.
lasioc Sante :
lo phosperma, . 56
minima,
nutta
us, III, 296
viscosa, I, 2
714
gia sawsihs ai S72
arpus
“TIL =
llocaryoides, Ill, 571
arizonicus, III, 573
Samrat III, 573
fulvescens, ill, bi
gracilis, III, 57
ursinus, III, te
campestris, III, 574
nensis, III, 573
catolinensis, {I 573
chor a hickmanit,
It, 365
cognatus, III, 567
DOL
harknessii, Ill, 573
ypdieue sas. 565
wis cs i 565
3
micranthus, III, 563
strictus, TIL 561
e574, 575
parvulus humi ifusus,
III, 575
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
tener, III, 567
seer lg III, 574
to Hee etn S75
if 575
trac fini ae ae 570
uncinatus, III, 574
undulatus, IIT, 563
Planodes virginica,
le
05
PLANTAGINACEAE, IV, 14
br , 20
califor ica, Iv, rs 22
caroliniana
eriopoda, IV, 18
fastiee IV, 20
a, tV, 1
pinata te av Ef
abra
2
hirtella galeottiana,
TV As
hookeriana californica,
IV /21
oblenastohe he 18
pees: ae
ston a pristela:
IV, 20
cali ifornica, IV, 2
gnaphalivides, Ng 20
spinulosa oblonga,
subnuda, IV, 17
Platanthera elegans,
1,
leucostachys, 1, 474
stricta, I, 4
wrightit, II, 406
Pletyloma brachyp-
Pi hee Peden scapi-
gerum, IT, 2
pists temon, Ii} 223
ee sardie breweri,
249
lnaechl II, 248
pele ag Il, 249
a, hii 253
phe aa , II, 248
Pleuraphis jamesii,
“igh I, 109
Pleuricospora, III, 296
fimbriolata, III, 296
longipetala, ITI, 296
leuropogon, I, 193
californicus, I, 194
refractus, I, 194
sabinii, I, 193
Pluchea, IV, 466
camphorata, Per 466
sericea,
PLuM BAcINACEAE,
lii3
Perit II, 344
Pneumonanthe affinis,
IT S56
calycosa, DE & Bas
new soa ~ zen
sceptrum 356
setigera, ay ‘ie
Poa, I, 197
absasiniae, 1 I, 186
a
bul I, 211
cio I, 206
capillarifolia, I, 210
megastachya, I, 186
187
mu sehen c 206
nervata, I, 213
nervosa, I, 202
nevadensis, I, 207
olneyae, I,
orcuttiana, I, 206
oxylepis, I, 185
pauciflora, I, 207
paucispicula, I, 203
°
>
ie]
—
bolan-
deri, III, 234
ostemma nyctagini-
7
Poinsettia eriantha
I
Polanisia, IT, 327
rave
OLEMONIACEAE,
GLE
erryi, IIT, vid
bicolor, IIT, 4!
caeruleum, Te 398
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
californicum, III, 398
calycinum, III, 398
tevisi, III,
tricolor, 1346 98
scosum, III, 4
"Blister iT1L ss
Polyanthrix hystrix,
I, 254
pi tesa II, 158
depressum, II, 158
tetraphyllum, II, 158
Polyctenium bisulca
par aa Li, 2
poniears: III, 21
fishiae, III, 21
Pha ty nT, 21
fishiae, IIT,
lees III, 2
Po OLYGALACEAE, ‘aa 21
POLYGONACEAE,
i,
Polygonum, IT, 54;
,61
oe Tl, 62
um, IT, 59
emersum, II,
erectum, II, 58
esotericum, II, 59
pare
lapathifolium, Poy 66
incanum,
salicifotium, 1 66
maj jus, Tz
2
pe ennsylvanicum, II, 66
persicaria, II, 6
rr riciasioieiees
polygaloides, II, 59
tatum
leptostachyum, II, 63
sawat 9
hast RE:
spergulariaeforme,
torreyi, ba oe
Vivi
afsal ope Ag ‘a
wats: onit, Se 59, 61
succarinii, IT, 66
Polypa eee sericeus,
V,
Sew viae a 1,5
ypodium
‘anum, 1, 15
occidentale, I, 8
715
oreopteris, I, 15
pa achyphyllum, Ly J
lutos sus, I,
m
scopulin
Ponista casseiantia,
PONTROERIACEAR, I, 349
Populus, I, 48
peesa tears IV, 95
sula, IV, 95
eximia, 1V,95
ulaca, ca Ie bs 8
aes 1135
wieder IIT, 119
mineus,
heterophyllus, I, 86
hybridus, I, 84
latifo lius, T, 89
poo tides T, 88
716
[ Potamogeton]
, 89
bejobates richard-
ee
wii s, 1, 88
proteus uc: I, 87
spirillus, I, 85
zizit, I,
zosteraefolius, I, 89
POTAMOGETONACEAE,
Potentilla, II, 427
a, II, 434
arguta glandulosa,
II,4
convallaria, II, 439
=.
oo
a
S
rig
Lom
EN
ce
oO
breweri, IT, 435
ose tata,
aoe II, 4
ascadensis, I I ; one
417
fastigiata
Poa er hy = “
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
flabelliformis, II, 431
fragiformis villosa,
hee igiat
apidd. I
grayi, IT, 435
Gs IT, 430
hallii ,U,4
hol opetala fastigicia,
II, 4
howellii, II, 419
kelloggti marinensis,
II, 419
rula, II, 417
longipedwnc ulata,
II, 4
Fe Se II, 434
macrantha uniflora,
II, 4
macropetala, IT, 430
9
a, IL, 4
monspeliensis, “id an
muiri, II, 4
multijuga, a oe 438
senor 1;
rape
sob - 435
procu
II, 429, 443
pseudosericea, IT, 430
a, II, 417
39
purpurascens, LE ving
ia SET; 42
recta, 1 431
Ka Net II, 431
bea.
-_
=
fp
ae
a)
—
a
Oo
millegrana, II, 429
rosulata, II, 434
santolinaides, II, 422
saxosa, IT, 434
cesiaaea: Il, 4 419
shockleyi callida,
II, 423
sibbaldii, i. gn
noloba, IT
paren es i, 431
te nu ilo »ba,
uniflora,
423
Rede IT, 440
versicolor, IT, 438
villosa, IT, 434
viscidul
wilierak it
eee I, 440
Poteridium occi identole,
IT. 445
Poterium sitchense,
iG
Prenanthes, IV, 594
alata, IV, 594
exigua, IV, 568
ha alpha: IV, 594
juncea, VW, a 569
594
Pri id Pept AE, 2s as
Pritchardia filan
istana, 1V
louisianica, ie J
lutea, IV, 2
Prosartes hookeri,
I, 456
pagel trachyan-
a, 1,457
menziesii, : 455
regana
I, 475
chi Tena glandulosa,
ui.
psi II, 478
emor nity
oe sa, I, 478
juliflora SF eave
II, 478
odorata, II, 478
gana, II, 466
Psacalium strictum,
IV, 458
Psathyrotes, IV, 456
annua, IV, 456
n
inc 36
ramosissima, IV, 456
schottii ,4
IV, 232
Pseudotsuga, I, 63, 529
douglasii, I, 64
macrocarpa, 1 , 64
lindleya
ebihhes: IV, 492
oreganus brevissimus,
IV, 492
oreganus elatior,
IV, 492
oregonus, IV, 492
tenellus, IV, 492, 493
tenuis, IV, 493
tenuis, IV, 493
Psilostrophe, IV, 194
castorea, LI,
douglasti, I1, 55
oe purshii;
II
Ss ’
Psychrobatia pedata,
II, 455
Ptelea;-J 11, 17
baldwinii crenulata,
Powe: 18
nulata, III, 1
Jrifoliate, ce 18
pir se as lr
PTERIDOPHY vTa, 1,1
Pteris andromedaefolia,
bs <
ropurpurea, I, 29
caw ” * 23
fee
sca 1. 22
stelleri,
Pterochiton occidentale,
11,8
Pterostephanus run-
cinatus, IV, 58 .
Pteryxia, III, 2
oeniculacea, IT
Ptilocalais pin 9
IV,5
maior, IV, 556
nutans, IV, 556
Pvt sie TV, 556
gira:
anihemoides, ike 219
Ptilonella laevis,
TV.t
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
scabra, IV, 192
subcalva, IV, 192
Ptilophora major,
laciniata, IV, 556
nutans, IV, 5
Ptiloria canescens,
exigua, IV, 57
deanei, IV, 574
filifolia, IV, 571
lemmoni, I,
Pugiopappus bioclowi,
IVA
Pie ons ciliata,
Ti,
oblongifolia, III, 546
a Fi 451:
TEL
pretends ml 451
Pycnanthemu
III,
californicum, III, 658
Pyrethrum halsamite;
396
acetoides, IV, 396
Peer iat IV, 395
thenium, IV, 396
asarifolia bracteata,
III, 288
incarnata, IIT, 290
uliginosa, III, 290
m
minor, III, 291
pallida, I IT, 290
Pyrrocoma apargioides,
274
ligt
arguta, IV, 2
balsamitae, IV, 2
c
ersthropappa, W. 272
folios
ial pe on
gossypina, IV, 2
grindelioidesi, = 286
roi 0
rt gifolia, 276
tenuicaulis, 1V, 275
——— JV, 274
inihora 274
Pirie pal oa
II, 470
fusca, II, 470
malus, I1, 470
pits 8 II, 470
rivularis, II, 470
slichensis, Il, 470
californica, Tl, 470
Quamasia, 1, 415
azu I, 416
Ae
Quamoctidion froebelit,
pile net, II, 106
multiforum obtusum,
a, 1, 52
prapioniou L co
tinctoria
californica, I, 517
tecemieae: 4,521
turbinella, I, 520
wislizenii, I, 517
frutescens, 1,517
Radiana petiolata,
EH,
—_ TI, 276
ta, II, 279
patie Tl, 279
columbiae, II, 278
paniculata, IV, 426
pringlei, [V, 428
718
[Raillardella]
pringlei, IV, 428
Raillardia. Petite
IV,4
piles geek
Raillardi loRets muirit,
IV,4
sca abri at Pa
pacha annio
i:
niera sivicta, eons 458
pred secunda,
ITI, 291
Rémana capitata,
II, 64
clevelandii, III, 642
vaseyt,
ergs 23 sisenii;
HE 7.
bstiie sti
II, 174, 629
Ranunculds, II, 197
acris, IT, 198, 199
aliinis cardiophyllus,
};
alatus; EV; a
alceus, II,
paket: II, 208
alismellus, 11, 208
egii, II,
— vg bakeri,
IT, 2
areas II, 214
osus,
canus, II, 200,
blankinshipii, II, 200
laetus,
ludovi ovicianus, II, 200
capillaceus, II, 214
ciliosus, II, 202
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
cooleyae, IT, 211
cusickii, II, 210
cymbalaria major,
E iy
saximontanus, II, 211
detphinitotns,
eee ersus, a nee
te rrestris = 1t,.2
falcatus, II, 215
filiformis ovalis,
II, 207
flabellaris, II, 211
0
, 207
hispidus, IT
hydrockaris ee
fa koe IT, 208
hystriculus, II, 211
inamoenus alpeophi-
lus, II, 2
lobbii II,2
tadowiiiets IT, 200
macounii, II, 20
m armorarius, II, 202
s, II, 203
eg ss 8 EE, Vit
petite Il, 205
entalis
oreganus,
oresterus,
orthorh
hallii, II, 203
peda
phyllus, 11, 206
pennsylvanicus,
IT, 204
bolitus, II, 203
ramulosus, II, 207
repens, II, 200
Bee hens) F207.
rudis
somolifaline veh 208
sa
P
tridentatus major,
liv?
triternatus, 11}207
sativus, II, 2
Rapuntium dortmawnis;
I
kalmii, IV,9
Razoumofskya abietina,
(ih; 327
Rhagadiolus creticus,
IV, 568
RHAMNACEAE,
crassifolia, ITI, 63
cuspidata, III, 63
occidentalis, III, 6
rubra, III, 62
tomentella, III, 63
cathartica, ITI, 62
colubrinus, III, 79
crocea, IIT, 6 3
ilicifolia, it [, 63, 64
pilosa 63
laurifotia, Ill, 62
ensis, III, na
a, Ill, 6
ee III, om
oleifolia, III, 62
S-oes
é
Rhodode bdceh. Ill, 299
albi , III, 299
californicum, III, 299
leachianum,
macrophyflurt,
III, 299
occidentale, IIT,
_paludos sum, III, 50
nomense, III, 299
RI todothannus leachi-
s, III, 302
clophsla I, ss
I, 50
avers, m1, 50
labra, ITI, 5
gi ctiden fale: Ill, .
integrifolia, IIT, 5
Tit 5%
trilobata, III, 51
Rhyso pterus, IIT, 239
peatige III, 239
Ribes, IT,
aceriflium II, 391
391
co
pa sare ‘IL 403
deductum, II, 394
wielaowce Fut
II,
gracillimum, II, 392
migratorium, , A
mo m, II, 3
enum, it at
tum, Li,
oligacanthum, IT, 402
oxycanthoides lacus-
t 390
II,
rpusii, II, 397
parishii, II, 398
lum, IT, 390
ped tok ak # 396
roeshi. Tl. 403
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
cruentum, II, 403
tiv
bate m, 94
glutinosum, II, 394
malvatewn, IT, 395
Merrie II, 399
Re gt $,1 :
Q2s8s
=
s 2: rx)
wn
Riddellia cooperi,
Rigiopappus, IV, 234
leptocladus,
IV, 234, 308
longiaristatus,
I
longiaristatus, IV, 234
princi 15
seudo-acacia, IT, 562
Robsonia speciosa,
Rochelia patens,
leib pees
mendocina, III, 531
sitch
austriaca, II, 2
columbia -: II, 278
curvisiliqua, = 278
iirc iH;
Seu ON
TE 276
obtusa, II, 278
Lerigvind e —
palustri 278
earns II, 278
pacifica, II, 278
sinuata, II, 276
subumbellata, II, 630
pubescens, II, 462
ltramontana, II, 462
centifolia, II, 458
columbiana, I1, 459
copelandii, II, 462
covillei, IT, 46.
crenulata, II, 465
ultram
yainacensis, II, 4
RosAceas, if, 407.6
Ra
IIT, 620
Rotala, ITI, 164
osior, III, 164
verticillaris, IIT, 164
Rottboellia cylindrica,
pannonica, 1,238
1:7
ubacer parviflorum,
IT, 455
eee ae 22
Rubus, IT,
_ ardinus, eaeA
457
astwoodianus, II, 458
Hdaticies: II, 457
719
fruticosus, II, 454
helleri, 11, 457
hesperius, II, 457
lacer, II, 45
laciniatus, IIT, 458
lasicoccus, Il, 455
enziesii, Il, 457
ursinus, II, 458
Il, 4
Rud beck IV, 116
8
priemcnng IT 50
patie
eel hc “s 54
gracilescens, II, 54
persicarioides, II, 53
II, 50
salicifotius, II, 51
nticulatus, IT, 51
_nontigenis, 12-5!
eus, II, 51
sbinosas, 5 IL, 49
r
venosus, IT,
720
——
viola 1251
Ramalioe oa
Ruta chalapensis,
III, 19
RuTACEAE, ITI, 17, 19
panes 1,279
ee a, 1; 28
aurea, 1,2 a3
capitis I, 280
Sabina, I, 70, 75, 531
I
californica, I, 75
occidentalis, I, 76
scopulorum, I, 7
tahensis,
545
Sagina apetala barbata,
II, 145
ciliata, II, 145
crassicaulis, If, 145
linnaet, II, 145
oc ccidentalis, II, 145
cumbens,
I,
ea LH 81
I, 394
par a, 119
bigelovii, IL, 91
— essa, II, 94
aea, II, 91, 94
iherbacea II, 94
herbac vehi 94
a, II, 91
senile Il, 91
pacifica, II, 91
subterminal, II, 91
sr 487
— 507
reso poh I, 490
arctica petrea, I, 500
stoma iy 1, 492
+ ores F 7 hg Be
I, 489
austinae, I, 502
bakeri, 1, 497
barclayi, 1, 498
bebbiana, I, 506
perrostrata, I, 506
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
bella, I, 503
bigelo it, 1, 49
bolanderiana, I, 493
brachystachys, 1, 505
folia, I, 489
dru onitiuna,; I, 503
castwaddin e, I, ‘49 9
— uy 507
ys eaten. ss 505
fluviatilis, I, 492
goodding i, 1,4 490
age 491
leuco ndmudeaites:
I, 491
hookeriana, _ 500
T, 500
lyallii, I, ro i
fi ie L; 92
melanopsis, I, 4
bolanderiana, 4 gee
monica, I, 501
ontanus, I, 507
mutta 1.565
chnophorg, - _
planifolia - pu
ne ae e
petal osha ho : ‘ei
pseudomonticola,
I, 497
ee es,
oe I, 496
eg idahomaie
497
Saicheoa ae 672
oi III, 672
cone
atriplicifoti, II, 74
hyssopifolia, II, 90
kali tenuifolia, II, 96
pestifer, II, 96
platyphlla, II, 74
II, 9
Salvia, III, — 639
mbar stan: hg ok
dorrii, III, 639
carnosa, ITI, 639
gilmanii, III, 639
eremostachya, III, 641
funere a, III, 638
glau a, IV, 44
Pes anndensis mexicana,
IV, 44
coriacea, IV, 44
veo A 44
ferax,.1V,4
fimbriat, ig 44
a, 1V, 44
zonica, IV, 4
neomexicana, oe
intermedia neomext-
cana, IV, 44
neomexicana, IV, 44
nigra, IV,
orbiculata, IV, 44, 45
glabra, IV, 44, 4
puberula, lV, 44, 45
ae arborescens,
IV, 4
ches arborescens,
callicarpa; IV, 46
maritima, IV, 46
mcelanocarpa, IV, 45
ee IV, 46
seminata, IV, 45
eae IV, 44
trifida, IV,
velutina, IV, 4
Samolus, ITI, a og
americanus, III, 3
floribundas, III, at
valerandit, III, 342
americanus IIT, 344
_ dbergia whitedii,
I, 306
Suameeis II
er nadencis latifolia,
445
ratbfatia: IT, 445
arguta, III,
bipinnata, III,
bipinna tifida, iL ae
flava, III, 2
Roeinae iY ee
rassicaulis, Hi 221
Il,
nemoralis, IIT, 220
serpentina, oe 221
tripartia, III,
tuberosa, ITI, oe
SANTALACEAE, I, ead
Santolina, IV,
chidecrahie
IV, 291
vace pe 8 As vs
Saracha nana, III, 668
Sarcobatus, IT, 94
bai yi, TL,
s, II, 94
Sarc oslemma hete ero-
phyllum, IIT, 373
hirtellum, III, 373
Pande
nia, II, 32'
SAR ACENIACEAE, tie 329
¢
aus riata, fey 99
Satureja, IIT, 646
chandleri, III, 646
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
douglasii, III, 646
poet oh I, 485
Saururus
cernu ‘eed I, 485
Saussurea, IV,
alpina cordata, IV, 509
Savastana macrophylle,
li?
odorata, I, 124
Saviniona rer iad ia
flora, III, 1
cletaieea, ane 109
rot
angustifolia, IT, 363
breached s, II, 361
austromon ntana,
vespertina, IT, 361
tiers nen
pssgtty , 36
rugine:
macounit, IT, 361
nivea, II, 361
fragarioides, II, 359
fragosa, IT, 3
daytomaclota:
3
5)
gracillima, II, 366
granu ulata, II, 357
cant, themifolia é in-
tegriflio ao 362
lyall
lax
wnalecetea a 354
, 360, 366
odontophyila, II, 360
nisciticagg be 359
ore rhea
err ae, if as
oregonensis, IT, 359
paddoens sts, II, 360
porolifoli, II, 3 355
ranu Sat! 350
virginiensis, ba et
californica, IT, 365
SAXIFRAGACEAE, IT, 349;
Saxifragopsis fragari-
at ropurpurea, IV, 64
columbaria, IV, 64
Scandix, III, 224
peti gine tai 224
Sc heuchrera, 197
s, I, 97
B ecipatshcidcn Oe
1,9
Schinus molle, IIT, 51
Schizonotus discolor,
II, 414
Schkurhia neomexi-
cana,
Schmalizia trilobata,
11.5
Sch inidtia subtilis,
TI, 143, 144
S¢ ae II, 246
linifolia
pinnata, es
Espa ag so i 412
album, I, 412
721
bracteosum, I, 413
Schoenus, I, 281
albus, I, or
aculeatu
capitellatns, I, ca
‘1.2
Gevicie oe
Schollera graminea,
I, 349
Schroeterella glutinosa,
III, 16
p. chubertia semper-
virens, I, 6
Scilla
pomeridiana, I, 413
Scirpus, I, 269
acicularis, I, 264
cuminatus, I, 266
acutus, I, 274
oc
lenticularis, I,
dct aly Tr 271
noes a: fF.
cane fluviatilis,
iy
micranthus, I, 278
mi
robustus cohipactus.
peladoces, 1.25
rostellatus, I, 266
z
Oo
sylvaticus di igynus,
I, 276
tatora, I, 274
EL EPS is
722
apa acon
us, ITI, a
Sclerocactus, II L157
polyancistrus, III, 159
Sclerocarpus exigua,
I
=n vochioa oem
Sitooia hispanicus,
iv
Scopulophila, +H es
pee et 55 7
Sco czonera, IV, 586
glatifolia, IV, 586
his
t 71
californica, vt era
cat it.
da, i, m
floribunda, ne Ae
iepeonet: ITI, 771
ra, III, 771
IIT, 770
SCROPHULARIACEAE,
TIL. 620
pada Poe sq IIT, 623
austiniae, III, 623
canescens, III, 623
antirrhi leraieain
aaa TIT. 623
sanhedrensis, le 623
Patsy ITT, 6
,
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
bolanderi, III, 621
austromontana,
III, 621
californica, III, 623
epilobifolia, III, 621
om ulata, , 621
riflora, III, 624
inar foi, ITI, 623
III, 6
tuberosa
veronicifolia, U, 623
Se yondasatey: sere il,
II
fasciculata hallii,
niv 46
oblo ngorhixeni, re 339
obtusatum, II, 3
boreale, II, an
oreg II, 343
pumilum, IT, 331
pep aig II, 346
Fite ella, 1. 46
oregana, I,
parishti, 1, 47
scopu , 1,48
struthioloides, I, 48
baronet I, 49
i, I, 49
INELLACEAE, I, 46
Selinocarpus, II 102
diffusus, IT,
nevadensis, II, 102
elinum acaule,
1D il Bey 6 Re WA
benthianis. PPL J278
canadense, III, 273
det ae ETT 243
hook ri 273
Senebiera didyma,
Ib, 263
Senecio, IV, 430
IV, 44
subnudus, IV, 444
werneriaefolius,
austiniae ,1V, 450
balsamitee narent:
ensis, 1V, 4
bernardinus a
sparsilobatus, oe 7e
pursh ianus, ee 442
caulanthtfoliu.
I
chapa acensis, IV, 448
, 43
scorzonella, IV, 440
crassulus, IV, 436
cusickii, 1V, 436
cym ee aati
sels. IV, 4
endinus, IV.4
eurycephalus, W. 450
austinae, IV, 450
focciferus, IV, 578
fodin m, IV, i
Alec eb TV. 4
BY rophilodes,
fates IV, 448
lithophilus, IV, 442
re es,
IV,4
by Haskihik IV, are
pacificus, IV, 4
etiforus, 1V, 448
lonceotars. are 436
e,I
poeneets. gy ow
leucocrinus, IV, 442
ochroleucus, IV, 438
lyallii, IV, 444
me ndocinensis,
I
mesadenia, IV, 438
serge IV, 453
4%.
multilobatus, IV, 450
multnomensis, IV, 446
nelsonit uintahensis,
—
bsteri, IV, 440
occi ideudalis, IV, 434
saxosus, 1V, 444
pe yereremnry om 440
a, IV,4
“admirabilis, “ay, 436
altior, IV, 4
‘duties. ee iss
integriusculus,
IV, 4
sdiede Bees IV, 436
spatuli
speculicola, 1V, 444
sphaerocephalus,
40
sngustflis, oy wa
neces
ri Sent,
subv estitus 7 IV,4
tr ichophyllus EAv; ae
trigonophyllus,
:
gonophyllus, IV, 436
wintahenss, se 450
vaseyt, IV, 4
vilgattl IV, 430, 452
websteri, IV, 4
panei es
I
whippleanus, IV, 438
SENECIONEAE
IV, 416, 456, 464
te Le greggii,
475
catia yi 6
pitas 7 70
sempervirens, I, 69
washingtoniana, I, 69
wellingtoniana, I, 69
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
Serapias gigantea,
helleborine, I, 478
oregonensis, IV, 3
califor rnicus, IV, me
a be be
sipet,
paces 9 rs 323
S pile sige califor-
nica
Sevicotha pare
II, 4
S pe te glabres-
cens, II,
obovate, nck
Si pitt gec me aes.
1°25
ey yeoman alpina,
arvensis, IV, 516
“ ii ee
I, 562
sonorae, Il, 5
asco II, i
rpa, IT, 562
A pselk Leiocarpum,
TTt;2
pan III, 266
tritern natum:; III, 266
Sesuvium, ITI, 11
portulacastrum,
11
Sieyos angulatus, IV, 68
lobat
peices LW. 68
Sida, III, 98, 110
abutilon, III, 83
pr IIT, 83
ristata, IIT, 110
delphinifolin,
105
soliseophe a, III, 98
grossulariaefolia,
III, 9
hederacea, III, 110
alvaeflora,
calycosa
campestris, OL, 106
confinis, III, 105
diploscypha, TII, 98
minor, III, 98
hartw weit III, 101
‘Gan ella mite 103
II, 105
multifida, III, 106
neo mexicana, III, 105
cusickii, ITT, 1
parvifiora, III, oe
thurberi, a pan 05
pedata, III, 1
ramuneulacea, ne 102
— ITI, 103
na, III,
ainda
IIT, 102
rhi — III, 101
r I, 105
virgata, III, 105
vitifolia, III, 106
ideranthus gooddingti,
IV, 271
gracilis, I IV, os
junceus, IV, 2
Sieversis, II, 449
campanulata, oe ss
canescens, II, 4
aperta, II, 16
723
behen, II, 160
bk, 167
mmondii II, 166
etiam 167
engeimanni behrii,
oe |
iisect, II, 166
pec
platyota
Siliquastru -” occiden-
tale, II, 478
Silphium laeve, 1V, 105
724
Silybum, IV, 509
mar m, I
SIMAROUBACEAE, III, 19
i ia, III, 45
guinkets, ATT, 45
ca
IV, 125 a
Hr ee IV, 124
Sinapi 271
a, II, 274
Sophos is floribunda
,
III, 4
hallii, 111, 431
altissi
IT, 266,
amphibium, II, 276
palust , 278
re, 1
canescens californi-
cum, II, 269
plese Hae al II, 269
curvisiliqua, II, 278
diffusum, II, 267
jaegeri, II, 267
hartwegianum,
II, 269
incisum, II, 269
eastwoodiae, 1, 467
elmeri, I, 469
flavidum, I, 468
funereum, I, 467
pabstog? - “gpl I, 467
green. 7
Ralophyiions I, 466
hesperium, 1, 467
ida 6
entosum, I, 466
Segetum, I, 4
septentrionale, I, 466
Sitanion, I, 253
anomalum, I,
eviaristatum, I, 254
brodiei, I, 252
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
pia depnae 254
cinereum, I, 254
elymoides, I, es 254
m, 1,2
ngu sti ifoli wm, III, 231
cicutaefolium, III, 231
pale ITI, 238
erectu 23
nie erophstum,
Baer eee III, 231
pusillum, III, 231
rigidius, TI, 24
is
uniflora, I, 452
a 1 454
race
bra achystyla, A;
a, 1, 459
rotundifolia califor-
nica, I, 459
Se myrnium aurea,
Ill, 241
cordatum, III, 241
cupuliferum, III, 680
douglasii, III, 676, 677
dulcamara, III, 676
een TE 681
flavidum, III, 681
di
wee ie — 680
REL:
tenuilobatum, — 677
texense, III, 6
triflorum, aoe
umbelliferum, 4 680
califor rnicum, III, 681
algida, IV, 296
bellidifolia, 1V, 296
perce Me 292
aper Vo
eect os 292
canadensis
IV, 292, 294
elongata, IV, 292
salebrosa, IV, 292
subserrata, LV .292
a, IV, 292
sale
alutinos sa, IV. 2
a,1V,2
oD ty 292
major, IV, 29
V, 296
hu saline, so ha ery
Wn?
ana, 1V, 296
lanceolata major,
IV, 2
one Wy. 292
caurina, IV, 292
elongata, IV, 29
subserrata, IV, 2
missouriensis, IV, 294
tolm a, IV, 294
mutiradiata, IV, 296
copu ulorum, E¥; —
educa ilis, IV,2
arvensis, IV, 590
uh 1ginos
Sonnea hevbacthe
TE; $73
hi. spida, TE 523
rs
iscosa, II,
Sorbarle pa ps hl
II, 414
Sorbus, IT, 46
californica, I1, 470
ascadensis, II, 470
domestica, II, 4
cidentalis, II, 470
sitchensis, II, 470
talifornica,.11, 470
densa, II, 470
Sorghum, I, 108
eh seco e, I, 108
SPARG ANIACEAE, I, 80
2
multipedunculatum,
I,8
Plisetia I, 174
“gfe m scoparium,
I,5
br WANS IT, 519
S| — bryophora,
S ahr biflora,
perfoliata, TV, ~
salsuginea bracteata,
Tt
villosa, TL 356
as perian thes unalaschen-
sis, I,
SPERMATOPHYT a, I, 50
S; Se goi Siochmaniad,
I, 643
cling, III, 6
monticola, III, 88
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
rosacea, III, 88
rugosa, III, 88
angustifolia cuspi-
eh a;
ev edlensis. III, 87
variabilis, III, 87
er sea III, 88
ex vilis
fa patos IIT, 92
pest III, 91
i, III, 92
III, 92
nesiotica, IIT, 94
nuttallii, III, 94
fendler californica,
III, 87
fremontii, III, 95
ce ereophora, ITI, 95
exfi a; 115,95
Phi et ty
III, 90
subrhomboidea,
ne enntica. III, 94
orbiculata, III, 91
clem entina, Il, 95
1H,
stellata, III, 88
subrhomboidea,
;
Sphaeromeria cana,
IV,
potentilloides, 1V, 398
Ss di sa salsula,
T, GY
S ohare alys-
soides, III, 200
alyssoides ‘macrophyl-
0
parishii, III, 202
chamaenerioides,
III, 200
contortum, III, 202
flexuosum, III, 202
micranthum, III, 202
exfolia a III, 204
nevaden
, III, 200
orthocarpun III, 202
stl: ermum
204
irae 11,197
strigulosum, I 02
utahense, III, 2
veitchianum, III, 204
Sepesmhel I, 169
_ lo = I, 169
poe
Brin ade bade
AIT, 273
pe aesatiig III, 273
m, III, 2
RY Piesia oasenne
11
een hl, 613
Sp in acia: oleracea, II, 75
aruncus, II, 413
corel jee 411
ro.
ca spies sy 411, 412
capitata, 409
i Bb IT, 412
corymbosa lucida,
II, 411
cuneifolia, II, 411
dens oe; 410, 411
411
glabrescens, II, 414
douglasii, II, 411
2a ye tt
iipendua, t “ati
helleri
henderson 1, 411
lucida, I I,
menzi
milo, TI, 414
oc I, 415
pany am Neuiethore:
pectinata, II, 413
pyramidata, II, 411
I, 47
Spirodela, I, 346
polyrhiza, I, 346
725
Ss Lintiliede ng occiden-
s, II, 91
Sporsbolus, . 144
airoides, I, 145
asper r,1,1 is
asperifolius, 1,145
bolanderi, I, 20 6
composite iy 145
44
jones}
pulchella, II, 1
pulcherrima, IT, 629
umbellata, II, 129, 130
caudicifera, 130
montana, II, 130
Sprengeria flava,
it:2
minuscula, II, 259
watsoniana, II, 259
Stachys, ITI, 630
acuminata, III, 631
ajugoi II, 634
pinch III, sa
lei el rgit, III, 632
littoralis, III, 6
malacophylla, it 634
sestnapes leptostachya,
ITI, 6
Rear pilosa,
rigida, III, 633
726
+ hy
- Tanata, III, 634
quercetorum, ITI, 633
rivalaris III, 634
riv s, IIT, 634
opianine ITI, 632
63
I,6
ve ronicefolia, aa 634
vestita
viarum. vi
poe et maareniza:
254
is oe? II, 240
confertifiora II, 240
elata,
heterophaila, II, 240
pinnata 240
Pinar oe 240
rara, II,
cagieks: 1
confertifiora, ss 240
retica californica,
1 z;
armeria, IIT, soi
pies hal PT 3
limonium californica,
II, 344
Steironeme ciliatum,
ny
cidentale, III, 332
lacviigaiiten, UIT, 332
Stenactis glauca,
IV, 350
ramosa, lV, 373
Speciosa a: 348
strigosa, IV.
Stenanthella occiden-
INDEX OF SCIENTIFIC NAMES
alis, I, 374
Stenochloa californica:
&
Sten Me I, 267
capillaris, I, 267
Steuonepetl interior,
S
linearifolia, IV, 283
i sie lor, IV, 283
ee 278
kennedyt, IV, 278
lanug: IV, 278
li Ss an IV, 283
interior, IV, 283
lyallit, TV, 277
stenophyliue: IV, hl
St SS tips per IV, 5
blairi 81
cchovincea, IV, 570
a, IV, 572
coronaria, IV, 573,574
pine hd 574
WV 372, 573, 574
runcinata parishii,
7 nid
+, 1V, S72
Stevia Seer tee iy
ae 248
aris, IV, 2
finenettoli ba: III, 3
paucidentata, i, og
spinulosa, ITI, 2
ante ge 1, 5
Stipa, I, 1
loo mor, : 137
californica, I, 1
ch eek vine. I, 129
hymenoides, I, 136.
kingti, I, 136
fie ie lemmoni,
133
iy hra, I, 131
viridula lettermani,
Fist
sabdscou: me 129
robusta, I, 133
williamsii ; L; 132
Stobaea heterophylla,
Streptanthella, TE; 253
sid Bice 1, 246
poe idus
nplasiceutts! 1;-253
rg hs
hesperidis, II, 249
callistus, IT, he
campesteia: I I, 247
bernardinus, aT. 247
, 247
i 1, 2 254
lem 4,11; 255
crassicauli ia TE, 255
pulchellus, IT, 249
glaucus, II, 257
gracilis, II, Ate
hallii, 11, 2
hesperidis, eA 249
resect Ag | IT, 250
hispidus, II, 249, 250
howell, II, 243, 248
1 55
1
ps egies
scale I}, 25
pa II, 250
parryi, II, os
prittacs II, 2
polygaloides, ‘T 251
245
II, 478
Si ieee californi-
cum, I, 4
Struthiopteris, 1,21
spicant, I, 2
Stylocline, i 486
acaule, IV, 495
Stylomecon, II, 228
heterophylla, TI, 230
eee elatus,
ede aT IV, 565
Stylophyllum, II, 337
idum, IT, 338
viscidum, IT, 3
hs