te 69 FSG. Kew, ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW. iSa= BULLETIN OF MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. 19:22. LONDON: PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY’S STATIONERY OFFICE. be purchased through any Bookseller or directly from STATIONERY p< bla at the ices, ES ghee "eaeeee LONDON o% and 28, ABINGDON Saunt, Lo on 8.W. 1; , PETER Pld Popenae iat 1, Se. ANDEEW’s CRESCENT, * THE SEPARATE NUMBERS OF THIS VoLUME THE FOLLOWING No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. No. SeomHnaonart ww oy oO ' DATES :— WERE PUBLISHED ON February 24. April 6. May 6. June 26. July 25. August 19. September 15. October 26. November 29. December 28, CONTENTS. No. Article. Subject. Page. 1 I. The Drought oi 1921 at Kew 1 “ Il. | The Kew Lawns and the Drought 10 ¥ III. Salt in the a Water Supply 13 a TY. Further Notes on the aa aati Species of Stipa (with figs.) 15 y V. New Orchids: XLIX. - - 22 a VI. Diagnoses Africanae: LXXYV. 27 ‘a Vii. Miscellaneous Notes” - . 32 2 VItt. Sir John Kirk - 49 if IX. The ‘‘ ayant Ciliata ” Group of Tropae: . olum (wi 63 se ae Phytopathology in the United States - 85 * XI, Recovery of Hevea Brees er Ringing (with fig.) - 4 91 te XIT Miscellaneous No tee - - - - 94 3 XIII. A Revision of Amoreuxia (with plate) - 97 a XV. Rigiolepis and other en of Borneo” - 106 si XVI. Garden Notes on aioe or Rare Tian can Shrubs 109 oP XVII The Genus us Hey woodia (with hes, ) 114 ss XVIII Decades Kewens oe 117 “ XIX. Notes on Cyperaceae: I. - 122 an XX. Miscellaneous Notes ‘ . _ . 125 4 >. @.4 © A Revision of Canavalia (with map) - 129 “ XXII. A Short Trip to Mt. Elgon, Uganda 145 ra XXIII. New Species from Mo 149 ae XXIV. Miscellaneous Notes 155 5 XXV. Fungi Exotici: X XVI. (with figs.) -| 161 Fe XXVI Contributions to the Flora of Siam 165 “ XXVII Miscellaneous Notes (with figs.) - - 174 6 XXVIII. | A Host List of the has Lars: —s in the Union Se Roy th Afric Ly be " XXIX. Decades Kew iL 183> . XXX. Additions to the he Wild Weuns and ‘Flora of the a ge) Botanic Gardens, iid XVI. (with fi es. ) - 189 ” XXI. Di 1agnos es Afric : LXXV ° - 193 * XXXII tac Nota (with in). - - - 198 7 XXXII. | A Revision of the South African Peete: of Dianthus (with a )- 209 fe XXXIV. | Miscellaneous Notes 223 8 XXXV. Contributions to the Flora of Siam 225 ” XXXVI ruit Culture i i + eee ” Note on J humilis (with gs. ‘ : a * - - | 248 XXXVIII.| Miscellaneous Notes - - - -| 268 No. Article. Subject. Page 9 XXXIX Oospores in Cultures of des deme cements 257 i XL. The Fruiting of Ginkgo biloba at Kew (with plate) 262 s XLI. Buttresses as an distbtance te Identifica- se (with figs.) 265 ie XLIT. On the Occurrence of a Species ut fis. arium in Uganda (with figs. 269 i XLII. A Contribatian to the His of the earer East 291 » XLIV. Dunn’s Wattle 5m - - | 298 - XLV. Miscellaneous Notes - - - - 299 "26 XLVI. Efwatakala Grass (with plates and figs.) 305 EF AXLVII. The Government Gardens, Sokoto, Nigeria (with plates) 316 pe XLVITI. New or Reattiertistes: South Afdeais Plan ) 322 * XLIX. List of callie by G. Massee - = SSB... ‘ L. Miscellaneo ie See - | 349 Appendix I. ie ' List of seeds of hardy eee = and of trees and shru 1 18 —_ Botanical Departments at home, in the Dominions, India and the Colonies 27 ERRATA. Page 66, line 21 from bottom, for Wageneriana read Wag- erzana. Page 177, line 3 from top, for Dz read DER. [Crown Copyright Reserved. \ ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW. BULLETIN MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. No. 1] | [1922 I—THE DROUGHT OF 1921 AT KEW. The year 1921 will long be remembered as one of the most unfavourable for the cultivation of hardy trees and shrubs at Kew. At the best of times Kew has much to contend against The site is flat and low-lying and consequently late spring frosts are very common. Last spring they did great damage. The soil is thin and poor and but ill-adapted to resist the effects of drought, and the evil effects of the sulphur-laden smoke of London can only be realised by those who live on this or similar spots. These conditions are perennial, but added to them ‘during 1921 was a drought unprecedented in the memory of living man. During most of the time from April onwards the weather was sunny. The hottest period of the year was from July 9th to July.20th. During these twelve days the thermo- meter registered over 85° on eight days, and on three days 90° or more. The hottest day was July 10th, when a temperature of 92-5° was reached. On many days the heat was accompanied by a dry east wind. During the year the rainfall has been very far below the average as the following table indicates and the soil a few inches below the surface is still. at the close of the year, quite dry and powdery. It is probable therefore that the effects of the drought recorded during the year are unfortunately far from complete and that further losses will have to be recorded during the coming spring. The table overleaf shows that the average monthly rainfall at Kew during fifteen years was 2-12 in., and that the rainy days per month were 13. For the year 1921 an average of 1°038 per month was recorded, with an average of 8°5 days per month with rain. The following observations have been compiled by the Curator, Assistant Curator and the Foremen of the different departments and form a valuable, though lamentable, record of the disastrous effects of both the drought and salt water conditions from which the Royal Botanic Gardens have suffered. ® (7g)16738 Wt3i—P20 1000 2/22 A Average of 15 years, 1906-20. 1921. Inches. Number of days. | Inches. Number of days. Jan. - 2-08 13 2-31 19 Feb. - 1-57 15 0-25 2 March - 2-03 16 1-22 ii April - 1:81 12 1-02 8 May = E77 il 1-09 12 June - 2-18 11 0-24 3 July - 2-45 13 0-10 4 Aug. - 2:26 14 1-33 10 Sept. 1-84 11 1-62 6 Oct. - 2-44 14 0-48 6 Nov. . 2-13 13 1-80 10 Dec. - 2-93 14 1-00 11 Total 25-47 157 12°46 102 TREES AND SHRUBS. Amongst evergreens nothing withstood the drought better than hollies, in fact scarcely a single tree has shown any signs of suffering. Yews also have got through very well but some have become thin in foliage. Of all evergreens rhododendrons suffered the worst. Even big bushes of common &. ponticum, planted at least fifty years ago, are quite dead in places where they could not be artificially eter Although the plants in the Rhododendron Dell have made short growths and smaller leaves than usual, they have survived the ordeal very well. But it was only by watering that they were kept alive. It took the whole time of one man the summer through to keep them going. They were watered in turn, but often enough were flagging at one end of the Dell before he had got through to the other. Mountain top rhododendrons with ~_ leaves such as yunnanense, micranthum, yanthinum, etc., have, as one would expect, stood the heat and dryness much better nan the bigger- leaved species found in woodland. Heaths have suffered badly on the whole but there are exceptions. One can understand native and other species from cool elevations suffering, but it might have been thought that Erica mediterranea from the hot hills of Spain and 8S. W. France would have stood the heat well, but more than half of the large groups growing at Kew have been killed outright and most of them injured. The useful hybrid from HE. mediterranea we call darleyensis has suffered equally badly and breadths planted twenty years ago have had to be dug up. But ZL. lusitanica, E. Veitchii and especially H. arborea alpina have not been hurt. Another ericaceous plant for which the heat and drought have 3 been too much is Pernettya mucronata, large groups of which have been cleared off. But Arbutuses seem to have enjoyed the conditions that have been fatal to so many of their allies. As one might expect, it has beena bad time for many conifers. Pines have got through very well although they could not be watered; and on the whole, although there are exceptions, our fine collection of cypresses, Thuyas and Taxineae have also got through very well. Of hemlocks (7'suga) and spruces—essen- tially wet country trees—many have died. Even Picea Omorica and P. orientalis, the two best spruces for the Thames Valley, have had their numbers sadly reduced. The firs (Abies), but ill-suited at Kew in the wettest years are of course more debili- tated even than usual. The past summer has shown more than ever how desirable is the foundation of a national pinetum in some more favoured spo Owing no doubt to he heat of the summer Prumnopitys elegans bore hundreds of its small plum-like fruits, and T’axodium distichum carries a good crop of cones. Neither of these, so far as we know, has borne fruit at Kew before, although the larger, older trees of Taxodium in the neighbouring Syon Park have done so. The production of a large number of pomegranates on a bush outside the south end of the Mexican House was an unprecedented event at Kew and aroused much popular interest. A good crop of fruit such as was to be seen on the Californian buckeye (Aesculus californica) is rare. But on the whole it has not been a good year for ornamental fruit bearers. The preco- cious growth and late frosts of spring destroyed much bloom and young fruit and the drought prevented the proper develop- ment of such as survived. The thorns were fairly good, but neither barberries, cotoneasters nor crabs have been up to the average. Amongst barberries the best have been the Wilsonae group from China which includes subcaulialata and Stapfiana. It was the same with the autumn colouring of the foliage. A fine summer is usually conducive to high colouring but this year the leaves of many trees seem to have been too desiccated for the necessary chemical changes to take place. Rhus cotinoides, usually one of the most beautiful and regular of autumn colouring trees at Kew, had its leaves shrivelled or fallen before the ordinary season of colour. It is often difficult to estimate the damage done to deciduous trees and shrubs. On some of the large beeches in the w the leaves have withered and remained on the branches—always a bad sign, but it has happened before and they have survived. We shall not be able to tell what the effects of 1921 have been on the woods at Kew till next year, but no doubt the end of many old trees there that were already failing will be hapeanes even if they survive for the present. Many birches, poplars and elms had become denuded of foliage in July and tulip trees lost their leaves early. This premature autumn and fall of leaf probably saved the lives of 1 many of these trees. ee + The flowering of some July and August blooming shrubs like Eucryphia and Oxydendron was much shortened by the dryness of the atmosphere, but on the other hand some sun-lovers like Vitex Agnus-Castus, Hibiscus syriacus and Clematis paniculata were never so good. The curious Ephedra campylopoda also produced its yellow flowers in abundance—a rare occurrence at Kew—and was very pretty. On the whole the effects of the intense heat and dryness were bad for the development and duration of flowers the summer through—some rhododendrons for instance never opened their flowers fully—but there is every likelihood of a splendid show of bloom next spring and summer -on those trees and shrubs that have passed through the ordeal safely. A curious effect of the summer has been the autumnal blooming of a good many shrubs whose normal time is spring. Hamamelis japonica was in fuli bloom at the end of October and earlier in the month several hybrid rhododendrons whose proper season is April and May were in flower. Lawns. It is not likely that the lawns at Kew have ever been so scorched since the Gardens became public. Those who have known the place for over forty years can remember no similar effects of drought and heat. It is too early yet to tell how many of the patches at present bare and lifeless looking will recover but it is certain a great change for the better will take place when the ground is once more thoroughly moistened. There are some places, however, like the south end of the Lake, the Berberis Dell, the Cedar Avenue and other routes where there is a concentration of traffic which are worn bare and cannot recover of themselves. It was hoped that a good amount of grass seed might have been sown during the autumn but the continuation of the drought through October, when less than half an inch of rain fell, debarred this method of renovation. Re-sowing with grass seed next spring is the only remedy, but the necessary roping-off until the young grass is strong enough to bear traffic again, restricts the free circulation of visitors on crowded days. Rock GARDEN. In the Rock Garden, although it was watered freely, Primulas, Ramondias, Gentians, and other plants of a similar nature suffered badly, many being killed outright. Generally speaking the plants were more stunted in growth than usual, and many kinds ripened off prematurely. Zauschnerias in common with other kinds from warmer countries enjoyed the heat and flowered more freely than they have done for many years. In the frame ground many of the higher Alpine subjects grown in pots and pans succumbed to the excessive heat. Herbaceous plants in the Natural Order beds were all more or less stunted in growth, Campanulas and other shade-loving 5 subjects being amongst the worst sufferers. Half hardy or tender annuals like Martynia proboscidea flowered well and produced fruits, but in many cases the seeds of spring-sown annuals failed to germinate. Herpaceous BorDERS AND FLOowER BEDS, The effect of the long drought was very marked on the herba- ceous borders. In spite of frequent watering most of the plants were very much stunted in growth and in many cases the foliage was scorched and dried. Even such things as Asters (Michaelmas daisies), although watered, felt the effects of the continued drought and their flowering period was much shorter than usual. Kniphofias were also poor for although they dislike damp during winter, they enjoy and are always at their best during a wet summer. Dahlias as a rule grew much taller than usual and generally did not flower with their usual freedom. ome summer bedding subjects, such as Heliotropes, Salvia splendens, Begonia semperflorens, Verbenas, Phlox Drummondii and Zonal pelargoniums, seemed to enjoy the exceptionally hot and dry conditions. Of course they were watered, but never overhead, so that the foliage did not suffer from the effects of brackish water. Hardy Annuals generally proved failures more or less, with the exception of LEschscholtzia californica and Hunnemannia Jumariaefolia which, in common with other Californian plants enjoyed the hot and dry conditions. Seeds of such plants as wallflowers and sweet williams germinated very slowly and irregularly, whilst seeds of daisies and Myosotis failed to germinate at all except under glass. Cannas enjoyed the heat and have never been so fine before out of doors. Roses were already weakened by a severe frost in December, 1920, which caught them whilst their wood was still soft and unripened, and they suffered again from late spring frosts. They were thus in poor condition to cope with the abnormal summer and in consequence made little or no growth until autumn, when heavy dews and cooler conditions came. | THE Water SUPPLY FROM THE THAMES. As a result of deficient rainfall on the watershed of the Thames, for many weeks the quantity of water coming over Teddington Lock was negligible, in consequence of which the sea-water gradually found its way farther and farther up the river. The water used for plants at Kew is nearly all obtained from the Thames, being first let into the Lake and pumped thence to the filter-beds and reservoir. On the water from the Lake and from the Thames being analysed it was found that a considerable quantity of saline matter was contained therein. Owing no doubt to evaporation, the water in the Lake was found to be even more salty than the Thames (see p. 13). The 6 effects on the roots of trees and shrubs watered out-of-doors were not noticeable although they were no doubt harmful. But the only alternative to using Thames water was to let them die of drought. The injury was far greater among plants grown in pots and surface rooting herbaceous plants in the open which had to be supplied with water daily. This no doubt resulted in a gradual “ salting’ of the soil. Its effects were evident early in July when many plants showed signs of ill-health, but this was attributed to the exceptional heat experienced about that time. By the end of August the collections generally showed in the dead and dying leaves of many plants which had pre- viously been in vigorous health that something unusual was happening to them. The exceptional heat made it necessary to water and syringe often and copiously, and in the belief that drought was the evil the gardeners were instructed to supply more and more water both at the root and overhead. ~The Temperate House is provided with four large storage tanks for conserving rain water, and this supply held out until mid-August, when Thames water had to be used. In no house was the damage more in evidence than in the section which is filled chiefly with Himalayan Rhododendrons. The foliage of many was badly injured within a few days after the Thames water was used, and in some cases the young shoots were killed outright; this continued for at least two months after the use of the Thames water had ceased. In addition to the leaf injury ‘there is the very serious effect the salt has had on the health of the plants. A large number of seedlings of new Chinese Rhododendrons were killed, although kept carefully shaded. n the other hand many Australian, New Zealand and Tasmanian plants in the Temperate House do not appear to have been injured by the water. These include the Australian Acacias, Callistemons and other myrtaceous plants. In the Mexican wing of the Temperate House many plants were injured, some of them being entirely denuded of foliage at an early stage of the trouble. The worst sufferers were Jacobinia, Strobilanthes, Psidium, Oreopanax and Trevesia. Several of these were handsome specimens and they were entirely ruined. A tree of Ficus religiosa 30 feet high lost every leaf, and a large specimen of F. lyrata was killed outright. Tree ferns, which have been a striking feature in this house for many years, showed early signs of injury. The specimens of Cyathea Dregei and Hemitelia semipinnata var. gigantea and Davallia platyphylla were killed to the ground. Among Chilean plants, two out of three examples of Embothrium coccineum were killed; a bushy specimen of Tricuspidaria dependens was killed, and 7’. lanceolata was badly injured. Four out of five plants of Lomatia ferruginea were killed; the only 7 surviving plant has never been watered with Thames water and is quite healthy. The importance of providing an adequate supply of rain water for plants cultivated under glass at Kew was clearly demonstrated in the Temperate House. Plants which were supplied with rain water only have thriven throughout the whole of this extraordinary hot and dry year, whilst the same kinds of plants which were watered with Thames water are either dead or badly injured. The collection of Orchids comprises many species of such large genera as Coelogyne, Dendrobium, Cattleya, Masdevallia, Odontoglossum and Catasetum, many other smaller genera being represented by only a few or even a single example. Orchids generally require water that is pure, and they object to lime and salt. The collection has suffered severely from salt poisoning, and it is doubtful if many of the plants can recover. The nee for an increased storage of rain water for the T Range is abund- antly evident in the effects produced by using Thames water for the Orchids. Tropical plants in the same group of houses, most of which require abundance of moisture both at the roots and overhead, have suffered severely from damage by the salt water. The Nepenthes made very little growth and few pitchers com- pared with those of previous summers. Marantaceae, Musaceae and Scitamineae were greatly damaged by the salt, only very few of the large number of plants belonging to these three orders being sufficiently presentable to be left in the houses open to the public. The collection of Begonias has been utterly ruined, the bulk of the plants being either killed or very much injured. Many tropical Leguminosae were injured. The large plant of Amherstia in House No. 1 had all its leaves damaged, except those near the top, which the water from the syringe did not reach. Camoensia lost nearly all its leaves, as also did the -Heveas. All the species of Coffea and a large bush of Cacao were among the worst sufferers. Aroideae in House No. | have with few exceptions escaped injury, the Alocasias being the worst sufferers. The succulents in House No. 5 show no ill effects although they were regularly watered and hosed with Thames water. They include Cactaceaz, Euphorbiaceae, Liliaceae, Amaryllidaceae, Bromeliaceae, Solanaceae, Crassulaceae, Saxifragaceae, Geraniaceae, Compositae,Cucurbitaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Dioscoriaceae, etc. Tropical Ferns were fortunately watered with rain water only, there being a large and ample supply collected from the roofs of the houses and sto1ed in large tanks. The growth and general health of these plants have been unusually gcod this year. The following is a list of greenhouse plants which were injured by Thames water :— Abutilons, Leaves injured Achimenes ‘ 2? 3? Agapetes buxifolia ” » Asystasia bella Begonias | Bouvardias Bredia hirsuta Buddleia officinalis Calceolarias Calceolaria Burbidgei Capsicum annuum Centropogon Lucyanus Coleus — vars. hirens Cuphea passant Cytisus fragrans Ericas Fuchsias aes — and olstii Isoloma inca Jacobinia chrysostephana Loropetalum chinense Luculia gratissima Plumbago capensis Pomaderris phylicaefolia Primula sinensis Reinwardtia tetragyna e trigyna Rhododendrons Roupala Pohlii Salvia rutilans, splendens, leucantha, and involu- crata Senecio grandifolius a ks asites ntus vars. Reoptoslat Jamesonii Strobilanthes isophyllus Tetratheca pilosa Tibouchina semidecandra Musa Ensete Freesias 8 Leaves injured ”? 23 Plants nearly killed Leaves injured - Killed outright Growth arrested and _ leaves injured Leaves injured Growth arrested. Nearly all killed Leaves injured » fell off, growth stunted Growth arrested, young small plants killed. Leaves injured and_ growth arreste Growth arrested, leaves fell off Leaves injured Young plants killed Leaves injured 9? a) Nearly all show leaf i injury. This is very marked in R. indicum vars. and R lost most of their leaves Leaves injured All more or less injured Leaves injured Many plants killed Leaves injured, many plants nearly killed Leaves injured Nearly all killed Young plants all killed Leaves injured A large batch of seedlings much injured On syringing overhead being discontinued, the plants made healthier growth, but in most cases they are spoilt for this year. 9 Among the plants that do not appear to have suffered from salt poisoning although regularly watered with Thames water are. : Coleus barbatus These are Chrysanthemums », thyrsoideus | among the Cyclamen Pycnostachys first to ris Dawei suffer from Mrestbcinuin pulchellum Moschosma unfavour- Eupatoriums riparium able condi- Humea elegans tions, such Kalanchoes as fog. Leptospermums Acacias Nerium — Carnations Pelargoniums Grevilleas Phaenocoma prolifera Buddleia asiatica Pimeleas Boronias Statices Camellias In the Herbaceous and Alpine department many of the plants were watered overhead almost every morning wit r. A large collection of Saxifrages grown in pots was severely damaged by the salt and many other plants in pots were either killed outright or much injured. These included the following :— Androsace Laggeri Pentstemon arizonicus Asperula cynanchica S Davidsonii Androsace pyrenaica = Menziesii Dianthus alpinus os ovatus Douglasia laevigata 9 pubescens ” Vitaliana rupicola Geranium subcaulescens Potentilla nitida Globularia bellidifolia Phlox Douglasii nana Shortia galacifolia Lewisia Cotyledon Spiraea pectinata Lithospermum graminifolium In the Rock Garden much damage was done by the water. Some of the worst affected were :— Achillea argentea Hypericum confertum umbellata Lysimachia He Dryas lanata Inula ensifolia “s se ba Primula, nearly all the species ve Rhododendron kamtschaticum eos ae, Isabellae Saxifraga cordifolia Calceolaria plantaginea », oppositifolia (large = polyrrhiza patches ed en- tirely = ohn Innes = cuneifolia Douglasia Vitaliana 9 -—«CCaesia Gentiana sino-ornata squarrosa “ Farreri Tiarella cordifolia. 10 The effect of the water on growth was in many cases very marked; some plants went to rest prematurely whilst others grew stunted and weak. The effect in the Herbaceous Ground was pretty much the same, Campanulas being among the worst sufferers. IIl—THE KEW LAWNS AND THE DROUGHT. (An account of observations made matin the second and third weeks of August, 1921.) W. B. Turriit. The abnormally dry summer of last year provided the oppor- tunity for making, at the suggestion of the Assistant Director, a number of observations on the resistance of lawn plants to drought. While the results of these observations are in no. way unexpected it has been thought advisable to place them on record in a short article. It is well known that grasslands require constantly recurring, rather than heavy, precipitation to reach perfection or to keep continuously green. This fact has been well emphasised by A. W. F. Schimper, Plant Geography, p. 174, and is further illustrated by the distribution of the best grasslands in the British Isles. This being so, it would naturally be expected that lawns, meadows and pastures would be amongst the first plant associations to suffer in a prolonged spell of dry weather. On the other hand, relatively quick recovery usually follows a sufficient rainfall, the rain soon reaching to the roots and stimu- lating the development of fresh vaginal shoots in the perennial species, and the germination of dormant seeds of some of the annual ones. Even after last summer’s drought the turf at Kew was becoming green again by Aug. 19th after the showers of the preceding week, and numerous new green shoots, an inch or more high, were to be found on many of the lawns. Most ‘of the Kew lawns at the beginning of August looked parched and dry, and onlyin a few hollows, or in places artificially watered, was the grass as a whole really green. In hollows the water in the soil and subsoil would naturally be greater in amount than where the surface is level. Again, the presence of a con- spicuous green margin to or ring around those flower-beds, trees or shrubs, which were watered during the dry weather, showed how a comparatively small sum total of water is required to kee grass fresh. A bright green patch of grass during the drought and away from a watered bed, tree or shrub, was almost invari- ably found to indicate the presence of a hydrant from which water had been withdrawn. Two conclusions are obvious, that the drying up of the grasses was due directly to lack of water in the soil and subsoil, and that the survival in a green state of any portion of lawn is due mainly, not to a difference in floristic 11 composition, but to position in regard to water supply or conser- vation. Nevertheless, detailed investigations of typical portions of the Kew lawns revealed some facts indicating that there are differences between species of grasses and other lawn plants in their power of drought resistance, One of the commonest of the grasses in the Kew lawns is Lolium perenne, and green plants and even dull green patches cf this could be found in most areas where excessive tramping by visitors had not worn the turf away. Indeed, of the grasses normally present, the perennial rye-grass claims first place as a drought-resister. Yet, on many of the fully exposed lawns, it eventually became, last summer, as parched as its associated species. Species of Poa and Festuca were almost entirely absent in the green state from unwatered spots. Only one patch, not far from the Main Gate, of Festuca ovina, remained partially green, and individual plants were also found near the Temperate House. at ium should often survive green while species of Festuca should almost always become parched is difficult to explain. Anatomically the leaves and shoots of Festuca ovina, fF. duriuscula and other species, are xeromorphically constructed with their often subulate, rolled or folded leaves, in which the stomata are well protected in grooves on the inside of the leaf which possesses much sclerenchymatic tissue around the vascular bundles. Loliwm perenne has, on the contrary, leaves and shoots typical of a mesophytic grass, being glabrous with shallow grooves, not specially protected stomata and very little scleren- chyma, that which is present not forming girders to the vascular bundles. It is possible that an explanation is to be found in the root-system, for Lolium is a deep-rooted, generally tufted grass, and its subterranean system would appear to be more extensive than that of some, at least, of the common species of Festuca and Poa. That the root and rhizome system is of considerable importance is also shown by the survival of Agropyron repens. This plant is, of course, not a normal constituent of lawns, but some considerable patches occur in the grass near the Herbarium. The grass here was, in spring, chiefly composed of Arrhenatherum avenaceum, Alopecurus pratensis, Festuca duriuscula, Poa pratensis and Dactylis glomerata. Hay was cut early in June and by August very few remains of the named grasses were to be seen above ground. A tall green growth of Agropyron repens had taken their place over part of the ground which had certainly not been watered. The leaves of the couch-grass are not markedly xeromorphic in structure and the extensive under- ground stolons are its most noteworthy characteristic and would also account for its vegetative development during dry weather. Partly green specimens of Agrostis, which were found in the lawn near the Kew Palace and others near the Temperate House, would also appear to owe their preservation to nodal rootings and stolon production. A few of the coarser grasses survived in places. A green patch of Dactylis glomerata was observed 12 near the Pagoda and isolated plants of Holcus mollis and H. lanatus no doubt survived owing to their hairy covering on stems and. leaves. It was to be expected that annual grasses, even including the ubiquitous Poa annua, should disappear and, though not without exceptions, it seems a rule that amongst the perennial grasses the earlier flowering species can least withstand drought. Thus Poa pratensis, Alopecurus pratensis, Phleum pratense, Arrhena- therum avenaceum, Avena pubescens, Cynosurus cristatus, Bromus spp. and other grasses which are common constituents of the Kew turf had quite died down by the middle of August. Loliwm perenne flowers most of the summer and Agropyron repens is a later flowering grass than those mentioned above. The Sun Dial Lawn, in front of Kew Palace, was ploughed up during the war but has now been completely resown. A portion laid down with seed in the spring of the year before last was much dried up but was still greener than similar areas of old lawn. Loliwm perenne was the most conspicuous grass, and associated with it were green, low-growing plants of Medicago lupulina, Trifolium repens and Trifolium pratense. The second dominant grass, with patches of Holcus lanatus. From amongst the green Loliwm, dried up and dead plants of a species of Poa were picked out. The dying out of these, and doubtless indivi- duals of other species, had retarded the formation of turf and allowed the entrance of many weeds of which numerous indivi- duals of the following species were green and flourishing: Nas- turtium sylvestre, Coronopus didyma, Solanum nigrum, Polygonum aviculare, P. persicaria, Plantago lanceolata and Chenopodium album. A small patch of vivid green surrounding a hydrant within this sown portion showed what the turf would have been had the summer been a wet one. That newly-sown lawns remain green longer in drought than established ones, is pro- bably due to the looser nature of the soil in the former, allowing the roots to penetrate more deeply and to spread further- Telluric water can also rise by capillary action more easily to the superficial layers in which the plants are rooted. In conclusion, a few facts may be recorded regarding plants other than grasses. The greenest constituents of the turf were members of the Compositae. Achillea millefoliwm retained its structure quite well. All of these plants have deeply penetrating tap-roots or, like Achillea, a much 13 developed system of stolons beneath the surface of the soil, again indicating the importance of io underground system in drought resistance. IlI.—SALT IN THE KEW WATER SUPPLY. W. B. TuRRILL. At the request of the Director a series of analyses to determine the salt-content of the Kew Water Supply was commenced by the writer in September 1921, and continued intermittently till the end of the year. Since some of the results obtained were striking, at first unexpected, and have a practical bearing, it has been thought advisable to publish a short summary of them. Copies of the reports, giving full details of the collection of the water and mud samples, and also of the analytical methods employed, are preserved at the Director’s Office and in the Kew Library. An account of the Kew water system is given in the Kew Bulletin, 1897, p. 334. Briefly it may be stated that water is allowed to enter the Lake, as required, from the river imme- diately opposite, at certain high tides. From the Lake it passes to filter beds in the Gardens, and is then pumped up to a reservoir in Richmond Park, from whence it comes back to the Gardens under considerable pressure. Preliminary experiments showed that the water in use at Kew during August and September contained considerable quantities of chloride, mostly in the form of sodium chloride. On this basis it was decided to analyse samples taken from the Lake and from the River Thames at different states of the tide. The results were calculated both in terms of chlorine and of chlorides, considered as sodium chloride. For the purposes of ™ this note we may quote the results throughout as grams of sodium chloride per 1000 cc. of water. Altogether over 20 distinct samples have been analysed in the course of the investigations. ix samples of water were collected on September 15 and 16, and their analysis brought to light the fact that the lake water, at this time, was 10 times as salt as the river water, collected immediately opposite the inlet to the Lake at high tide. It was obvious that the immediate source of salt water at Kew was the Lake. The river water contained between 0-15 and 0-18 grams of NaCl per thousand, varying slightly at different levels, and the Lake water 1-5. It was suggested that the concentration of salt in the Lake might be due to one or both of two causes :—(1) Considerable, and abnormal, evaporation during the hot summer. (2) Tidal or river conditions other than those occurring when these samples were taken. Finally it has 14 been shown that during 1921 both causes operated and in the same direction, but evidence of extra-salt tides was not imme- diately forthcoming. Following the results obtained by the first set of analyses the Lake was emptied of water and refilled several times from the river. Analysis then showed that the salt content had been reduced to 0-424 grams per 1000 cc. of water. The first tidal barrier in the Thames is at Richmond, where the lock and weir are usually manipulated as a half-tidal barrier, the first full lock being at Teddington. Samples of water were obtained from above Richmond Lock at high and low tides and contained respectively 0-2 (3.10.21). and 0-1 (16.9.21.) grams of salt per 1000 cc. of the samples. There was thus only a slight difference in salt-content between the surface river water at high-tide at Kew and at Richmond. Indeed the Richmond water, as analysed, contained slightly the more salt, but that is explained by small variations noted for different tides throughout the course of the work. A sample collected from the Thames at Hampton Court (3.10.21.) contained 0-117 grams of sodium chloride per 1000 cc., that is, practically the same as the water at low tide at Richmond. In order to determine if the mud of the Lake held any con- siderable quantity of salt, known weights of wet mud were stirred with known volumes of cold and hot distilled water respectively. With cold water 0-585 grams of salt were extracted — from 1000 grams of mud, and with hot (boiling) water 0-83 grams. The amount of water held in the mud (‘‘ mud-water ”’) was then found by experiment, and by calculation 1-38 grams of salt was shown to be associated with 1000 grams of mud-water. This calculation on the ‘“ mud-water ”’ basis shows, of course, a richer salt content than the calculation on the basis mud plus water (“ wet-mud ”’). There seems every probability that during the latter part of the summer the mud and water left behind when the lake was drained as far as possible, contained enough salt to affect temporarily the next supply of water, but insufficient to be considered a permanent cause of salinity. It was not: till the week ending November 5th that definite evidence of extra-salt tides was “ptcned. During the week very high tides were experienced in the Thames estuary. Two samples taken at Kew contained 1-14 grams of sodium chloride and 1-2 grams per 1000 respectively, as compared with 0-15 grams per 1000 which appears to be about the average salinity of the Thames water at Kew. During these very high and extra-salt tides fresh water fish (barbel) came to the surface and sides of the river in shoals. They showed obvious signs of being affected by the incoming tide and many were caught with the hands or in hand-nets The conditions which cause the increased salinity of the Kew water have thus been shown to be due directly to the drought 15 of the past summer, but the action has been a double one. In the first place a very much reduced quantity of fresh water has been drained from the Thames basin down the river. The river throughout its entire course has been relatively sluggish and this would tend to greater evaporation for any given mass of water and consequent increase in salt-content. The salinity of Thames water,’ however, is due mainly to carbonates and these have not been considered in the work summarised above. The small quantity of fresh-water coming down has meant that at Kew the salt tidal water has come up higher and in greater quantity than is normally the case. Whether mixed with fresh separate layers, the salt sea-water coming up the Thames estuary at high tide, and most especially at spring tides, is the ultimate source of the salt in the Kew water supply. In this connection it is interesting to note that during the last summer seaweed came up as far as Kew Bridge. Thus at extra-salt tides, just now and again during the summer, decidedly salt water was let into the Kew Lake. This is a shallow basin giving the contained water a relatively large superficial area for evaporation compared with its bulk. This helps to account for a marked concentration of salt in the Lake itself during last summers’ heat. It is probable that the water as supplied for watering purposes in Kew Gardens is often more salt, especially in summer, than fresh river-water, which in the case of the Thames normally contains very little sodium chloride. The conditions of drought and heat aggravated this state during the past year by reducing the quantity of fresh water coming down, and therefore increasing both the relative and actual amount of salt sea water coming up, and also by increasing the concentration of salt through evapor- ation of the water in the Lake, which for the time being was tending to become a miniature Dead Sea. IV.FURTHER NOTES ON THE AUSTRALIAN SPECIES OF STIPA.* D. K. Hueues. In response to the communication of a copy of Miss Hughes’ paper “ A Revision of the Australian Species of Stipa,”’ published in the Kew Bulletin of last year, pp. 1-30, Mrs. A. Chase, on the behalf of the United States National Herbarium, asked for the revision of their Australian Stipas by Miss Hughes. The propo- sition was all. the more welcome as the Washington collections * See Kew Bulletin, 1921, 1. 16 contained much additional material, among it species which Miss Hughes had been obliged to place among the “ dubiae.” The present “ Notes ” are the result of her examination of these collections. It is very satisfactory that her conclusions, tested on a considerable number of new specimens, were found to hold good in nearly all cases. As to the ‘“ dubiae,’’ one of Reader’s species, 8. acrociliata, was recognised as an accession to her list of Australian species, whilst another, S. eremophila, was found to cover the bulk of S. rudis, as understood by Miss Hughes, but not the original S. rudis of Sprengel, which, on the examination of a better co-type, has turned out to be S. pubescens. A third species, S. Luehmannii, proved to be the S. Drummondii of Steudel, and a fourth, not accounted for in her original paper and missed in the Index Kewensis, takes now the place of her S. lachnocolea. The other “ dubiae ”’ are all species, the elucidation of which will require the consultation of continental herbaria. Two further additions to the list of Australian species resulted from her examination of specimens collected in New South Wales by R. T. Baker and F. v. Mueller respectively. Interesting is the discovery that S. aristiglumis of F. v. Mueller was based on a really non-existent character which by the rules of nomen- clature en yet remain evident in the name of the species. mber of species of Stipa in Australia is ci up to 42 by the “ Notes,’ whilst 6 are left among the “ dubia Oo8, 1. §. elegantissima, Labill., Pl. Nov. Holl. i. 24, t. 29. W. Avustrauia. Killerberrim, Vachell. S. AusTRALIA. Roseworthy, 11.xi.1889, Tepper. New Souta Waues. Murray River, Mueller. Victoria. Near Bacchus Marsh, Tovey and French. 3. S. Muelleri, T'ate, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Austral. vii. (1885) 70. Victoria. Emerald, P. St. John. 5. §. teretifolia, Steud., Syn. Glum. i. 128. VICTORIA. Brighton, WU ueller. 12. §. falcata, Hughes in Kew Bull. (1921) 14. N.S. Wates. Hunter’s River, Capt. Wilkes’ Expedition ; Belltrus via Scone, White 17; Liverpool Plains (coll. ?). 14. §. variabilis, Hughes in Kew Bull. (1921) 15. N.S. Wares. Sydney, Maiden. urther material of the group Falcaiae shows forms inter- mediate between S. falcata and S. variabilis. S. falcata, as understood at present, comprises shorter plants with dense tufts of fine very scabrid basal leaves and extremely 17 short basal sheaths. S. variabilis, although of very varying habit, possesses leaves which are generally longer, coarser and more loosely convolute than in 8S. falcata, their lower epidermis being smooth or slightly pubescent but not scabrid, whilst the tufts are less dense and the basal sheaths are longer. Continued study will be necessary to determine the value of those differences. Comparison of this material with S. Drummondii has proved its distinctiveness from that species. The specimens enumerated under S. variabilis, collected at Kauring by Stoward (nos. 361, 459, 466), might rather be included in S. falcata on account of the slightly scabrid leaves, but they represent a coarser plant than the type and do not conform well with either species. 5. §. Drummondii, pies Syn. Glum. i. 128. S. Luehmannii, eser in Vict. Nat. xvi. 15 N. 8S. Watzs. cans Plains, (coll. ?). Victoria. Little Desert, Lowan, 19.x1.1899, Reader. Reader’s plant quoted above is no doubt an authentic speci- emen of S. Luehmannii though collected a year later than the type (“‘ Sandy Desert, Lowan, 1898’’). On the sheet examined there are two plants, both densely tufted with softly pubescent _ leaves and sheaths. The smaller of the two has convolute leaves about 7 cm. long and about 3 mm. wide when flattened out, and agrees with the type of S. Drummondu (Drummond 378). The jarger plant has convolute lower leaves, while the upper are mostly unrolled, about 17 cm. long and 5 mm. wide. The flowering culms are very stout, loosely enclosed by sheaths up to 1-4 cm. bee This is a far more luxuriant form than the typical S. mondvi, but intermediates are seen in the specimens Collected by J. M. Black in S. Australia. The chief esting mans character emphasised by Reader in his description of 8S. Luehmannii,—the toothed unequal empty glumes,—is also found in S. Drummondit, Steud. 17. ~ platychaeta, Hughes in Kew Bull. (1921) 16. N. 8S. Wares. Murrumbidgee River, 1886, Bennett. 18. §. scabra, Lindl. in Mitch., Trop. Austral. 31. N. S. Warzs. Gilgunnia, Baker; Nyngan, Baker ; > Western area,” 1912, Boorman. Comparison of further material shows that the length of the ligule varies from 1-3 mm. and cannot therefore be relied upon as a character for diagnosis if not accompanied by other distin- guishing features. Otherwise the specimens quoted above are fairly uniform and in keeping with Mitchell’s type. 20. S. densiflora, Hughes in Kew Bull. (1921) 18. N. S. Wares. Lake Andgellica, Boorman. a 16738 “B 18 Boorman’s plant differs from the type (Etheridge) in having larger spikelets with unequal glumes, the lower being 1-8 cm. long and the upper 1-4 cm. long. The valve is 7 mm. long with a tuft of hairs about 2 mm. long at the apex and the awn 4-8 cm. The hairs on the valve are longer than in typical S. denszflora, while those on the awn are slightly shorter. 21. §. hemipogon, Benth. Fl. Austral. vii. 569. W. Austrawis. Parker’s Range, 1890, Merrell. 22. §. nobilis, Pig. in Diels and Pritz., Fragm. Phytog- Austral. Oe. 70. in Engl. Jahrb. xxxv. e descr Victoria. Near Dandenong Ranges, 1891, Dix The three species S. mollis, S. nobiles and ‘s. pibibabiia are very closely allied. The following differences will ‘supplement or amplify those already given in the Key. In S. mollis the hairs of the long flexuous awn are present all along the bristle except at the extreme tip, and are about 2 mm. long. The bristle is very long, usually about 6-7 cm. In S. nobilis the hairs are usually denser and longer (2-3 mm.) than in S. mollis or in S. semibarbata, and are not continued. beyond a few mm. of the base of the bristle, which varies in length between 4 and 6 cm. and turns black at maturity. In this, as in the preceding species, the column of the awn does not exceed 2-5 cm. in length. In 8. semibarbata the column measures 3-5-4-5em. The hairs are generally scanty, 1-5-2 mm. long and not continued beyond the column. The bristle rarely exceeds 4:5 cm. but in a few cases has been found to be as long as 6cm.; it also usually turns black at maturity. 27. §. pubescens, #. Br. Prod. 174. N. S. Watzs. Morisett, Boorm Awaba, Boorman; Sydney, C. Wright; Capt. Wilkes Expedition 1838-42 ; Port Jackson District, Camfield. See note under S; eremophila, Reader. 28. §. eremophila, Reader in Vict. Nat. xvii. 154. 8S. rudis. Hughes in Kew Buli. (1921) 21, non Spreng. Victor14. Borung, 28. x. 1904, Reader. After careful comparison this plant was found to agree, not with the type of S. rudis (Sieber Agrost. 66), but with the other specimens quoted for that species in Kew Bull. (1921) 21. ‘Since writing that enumeration a more complete specimen of . Stieber Agrost. 66 was lent by the British Museum for examination. The fully matured floret and awn show a marked difference from the other specimens formerly believed to be identical. The hairs of the valve are whitish and the stout column of the awn pale. Thus although the lower glume is only 1-4-1-5 cm. long there seems no character to keep it distinct from 8. pubescens, R. Br. The type of the latter species (Brown 6203) has the lower glume — 19 2 cm. long. In Gunn 588 the length is 1:8 cm., in Stuart’s from New England and Cunningham’s from the Brisbane River it is 1-7 cm. In others a length of 2-2-2-3 cm. is attained. The column of the awn, though constant in texture, colour and indu- mentum, varies in length from 3-2 cm. (Cunningham) to 5 cm. (Stephenson 261 and Liotsky). In the present state of our know- ledge it would seem that Sieber 66 should be placed with 8. pubescens while S. eremophila might include all the other plants: formerly referred by me to S. rudis, Spreng. 30a. §. acrociliata, Reader in Vict. Nat. xiii, 67. Victoria. Little Desert, Lowan, 18.xi.1896, Reader This species is allied to S. tenwiglumis and S. elatior. From the former it differs in having smaller spikelets (lower glume 9 mm. long, upper glume 7 mm. long, valve 6 mm. long) and larger panicles about 30 em. long, and from both in its several-noded culms and branching habit, the non-convolute leaves 6-8 em. long and 3-4 mm. wide, and the glabrous ligule about 5 mm. long. 31. §. compacta, Hughes in Kew Bull. (1921) 24. S. Austratis. Largs near Adelaide, 6. xii. 1882, Tepper. The lobes of the valves in this species were described as being 1 mm.long. I have examined them again and find that they do not as a rule exceed 0-5 mm. in length, and are sometimes. shorter or often only one is developed. Tepper’s plant is identical in every respect except that the lobes are entirely absent and that the - overmature panicle is still partly enclosed in its sheat « he 3. S. aristiglumis, 7. Muell. in Trans. Vict. bristle, natural size. Nat, Inst. (1855) 43. S. fusiformis, Hughes in Kew Bull. (1921) 25. . N. S. Waxes. Hunter’s River, Capt. Wilke’s Expedition, 1838-42; Sindleton, Boorman. . se VicroriA. Shire of Dimboola, Reader. Further microscopic examination of the glumes of Mueller’s plant shows that the appearance of three teeth or aristulae at their tips is due to the breaking down of the extremely delicate tissue between the very strong nerves. The tips of the glumes are therefore really entire and the total length of the latter must . Be \ 20 be taken to include the teeth. Taken thus it comes up to at least 1-1 cm. There is then nothing left to distinguish S. fusiformis from S.aristiglumis, which latter name will have to stand, although it is mislead- ing. At the same time my description of S. fusiformis may be accepted as an emende description of 8. aristiglumis. — foliis tenuibus vioribus scabridis, floribus mi OBES, aristis longioribus, Perennis, dense caespitosa, usque 50 cm. alta. Culms erecti, teretes, glabri, 2-nodi, nodis breviter pubescentibus. Foliorwm vaginae / pallidae, apertiusculae, striatae, subpubescentes, basales breves, 1-5-3 cm. longae, persistentes ; ligulae breves, ciliatae; laminae setaceo-convolutae, in acumen pungens attenuatae, interdum recurvae, usque ad 10 cm. longae, scabridulae. Panicula laxa, angusta, 25 cm. longa, et 2-3 cm. lata; axis primarius leviter scaberulus; rami fasciculati, erecti vel leviter patentes, pauciflori; pedicelli acillimi, I cm. longi. Spiculae subherbaceae. Glumae longe acuminatae, valvam amplectantes, inaequales ; ; inferior 3-nervis, 1:6 cm. longa; superior 5-nervis, 1-3. cm. longa. Valva cylindrica, 7 mm. longa, 0-5 mm. lata, integra, breviter et dense sericeo-pubescens, pilis luteis apice productis 1-2 mm. longis; callus acutus, 0-8 mm. longus; arista 4-5 cm. longa; columna apice mediaque angulo recto geniculata, seta recta 2-5-3 cm. longa, valvula valvam aequans. N. 8. Wares. Cooma, Jan. 1887, R. T. Baker. 36a. §. effusa, Hughes; sp. nov. S.: setaceae, a Samed R. Br., affinis, sed ligula breviore usque 1 mm. longa, ie teteg planis vel laxissime convolutis, glumis minori- x3. b. valve Dus, ert. and? awn to Basis incognita. Culmi floriferi erecti vel geni- shew the length culati, minime 5-nodi, glabri, infra nodis scaberulis. ra a Seid i Foliorum vaginae apertae, striatae, glabrae ; ligulae S 1 mm. longae, ciliatae; laminae planae vel axissime convolutae, usque 30 cm. longae et 3-4 mm. latae, Fic. 2.—Spikelet of S. bigeniculata. x3. a. valve. x3. “3 8 4 21 striatae, glabrae, interdum scabriusculae. Panicula eftfusa, 2 cm. longa et 3-4 cm. lata; axis primarius teres, praeter nodos ciliatos glaber; rami filiformes, patentes, 1-5-3 cm. longi; pedi- celli ad 3 mm. longi. Spiculae hiantes, nitidae. Glumae acumi- natae, integrae, glabrae, dorso scaberulae; inferior 8:5 mm. longa, 1— sub 3-nervis; superior 7-5 mm. longa, 3-nervis. Valva pallide brunnescens, tenuis, cum callo 5 mm. longa, sparse hirsuta pilis albis; callus acutus, 1 mm. longus; arista tenuis, 4-5 cm. longa; columna brevissime pilosula vel scabrida, 1-2 cm. longa; seta leviter curvula; valvula valvam aequans. N. 8. Wares. Lachlan River, Sept. 1878, Mueller, (received at Washington under the name S. scabra, Lindl.). 38. §. crinita, Gaud. in Freyc. Voy. Bot. 407. Subsequent examination of the specimen of S. crinita, Gaud. sent by the author to the British Museum in 1825 revealed the fact that it consists of two similar but not identical plants. from its sheath. The glumes are hyaline with obscure or very short lateral nerves. There are no a wv remaining. Belonging to this is part of a densely tufted base of narrowly convo- lute leaves. The plant is too incomplete for precise recognition, but probably belongs to S. falcata, Hughes, or a very closely allied species. B. This consists of a panicle only, which is very lax and still partly enclosed in its sheath. The lateral nerves of the glumes are prominent and extending almost to the tip. The awns are fine, not falcate, and about 4 cm. long. nquiries and drawings of both plants were addressed to the Museum d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, when M. Gagnepain kindly made the fol- J lowing observations. “ Nous n’avons pas de Stipa. cas ‘ crinita, Gaudichaud de la main de ce botaniste ; gl ye mais seulement un S. flavescens Nouv. Holl. Port valve. x3, Jackson, C. Gaudichaud de son écriture méme. Je soupconne que c’est l’échantillon sur lequel il a basé son Stipa crinita. Ce specimen n’a pas de souche, nt les feuilles inférieures; mais une feuille moyenne, une feuille supérieure et une inflorescence de 20 cm., abondamment pourvue d’épillets. La feuille la plus grande mesure 22 cm. et 2-3 mm. de large; elle est roulée. En examinant soigneusement les épillets nombreux de ce Stipa (flavescens ?) je reconnais tr facilement le dessin B: glumes vertes scabres sur la nervure médiane, les 2 nervures latérales assez fortes atteignant presque le sommet; -caryopse 4 appendice tordu, scabérule, présentant de place en place une zone verte formée de 2 nervures vertes longitudinales, contigués, qui par la torsion se sont diposées en spirale, 4 spires équidistantes. Quand les glumes sont, séches, elles prennent 22 lapparence hyaline, scarieuse, mais les 2 nervures latérales sont toujours évidentes jusqu’au somm “Tn ya rien de A, dont les glumes paraissent appartenir & une autre espéce comme flavescens, Labill par exem . .* I) ne serait pas extraordinaire que Gaudichaud ait cru avoir affaire au Stipa flavescens, Labill. puisque’il a écrit cette déter- mination notre herbier If this, then, is the true Stipa crinita, Gaud., the species should nat placed, not in § Aphanoneurae as indicated in the Ke ey to the Species but in § Striatae near S. tenuiglumis. 40. §. MeAlpinei, Reader in Vict. Nat. xv, (1899) 143. S. lachnocolea, Hughes in Kew Bull. (1921) 26. S. AusTRALIA. Clarendon, Tepper 274. Victoria. Little Desert, Lowan, Reader. When raising 8. compressa var. lachnocolea, Benth., to specific rank I was not aware that Mr. Reader had already described it under the name of S. McAlpinei. 1 This Decade of New Orchids was left completed by the late Mr. R. A. Rolfe, A.L.S., at the time of his death They have been collected together for publication and repre- sent his last contribution to the study of the Orchidaceae, the family on which he was the recognised authority.* 481. Agrostophylium seychellarum, Rolfe; species A. zeylanico, Hook. f. (cujus flores ignoti) maxime affinis. Caules erecti, subcompressi, 1-5-3 dm. alti. Folia lineari- oblonga, obtusa vel minute bidentata, 7-5-12-5 cm. longa, 1-1-6 cm. lata; vaginae conduplicatae, imbricatae, striatae, nigro-marginatae, 5-7-5 em. longae. Capitula terminalia, ses- silia, densiflora, 2-5-3-1 em. lata. Bracteae oblongae, obtusae vel apiculatae, striatae, imbricatae, 4-6 mm. longae. Pedicellt 5 mm. longi. Sepala late ovato-oblonga, apiculata, 3 mm. longa, lateralia subconcava. Petala ovato-oblonga, subacuta, 3 mm. longa. Labellum ovato-oblongum, subacutum, planum, sub- petaloideum, 3 mm. longum. — crassa, 2 mm. longa. Capsula ovoideo-oblonga, 6 mm. lon SEYCHELLES IsLaNDs: Cascade Tetate, Mahé, Thomasset 156 bis; Neville; Barkly; Horne. An interesting outlying species which has long been known from fruiting specimens, and the flowers now enable it to be described. It seems most allied to the Ceylon A. zeylanicum, Hook, f., of which fruiting examples only are known, but the * In Kew Bulletin, 1921, p. 52 the ten New Orchids there described ‘wero inadvertently entitled ‘‘ Decades XLVIII—XLIX” instead of Decas XLVIII. 23 different. locality and. slight differences in the vegetative organs warrant the belief that it is distinct. The petal-like character of the lip was remarkable, but was found in five flowers successively examined. 482. Catasetum Rothschildii, Rolfe; affinis C. puro, Nees, et @.. uncato, Rolfe, sed rostello dentibus duobus tenuibus diver- gentibus instructo distinguitur. Pseudobulbi ovoideo-oblongi, circa 10 cm. longi. Folia oblongo- lanceolata, acuta, 3.8 dm. longa, 7-5 cm. lata. Scapus arcuatus ; racemus 1-55 dm. longus, multiflorus; bracteae lanceolato- oblongae, acutae, 1-1-25 dm. longae; pedicelli 1-6-2 cm. longi. Sepala et petala subconniventia, elliptico-oblonga, subobtusa, concava, 2-2-4 em. longa. abellum superum, galeatum, - late oblongum, obtusum, carnosum, 2 cm. longum, 1-4 cm. latum, apice incurvum, obtusum, integrum; os oblongum lateribus parallelis subincurvis minute crenulatis. Columna rostrata, 1-4 cm. longa; _ antennae parallelae, incurvae ; rostellum cum dentibus 2 gracilibus divergentibus instructum. Flowered in the Solléetion of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking, in February, 1899, having originally been obtained from the Hon. Walter Rothschild. It is allied to C. purum, Nees, and C€. uncatum, Rolfe, but, among other characters, is readily distinguished by the rostellum possessing a pair of slender diverging teeth, in addition to the normal antennae. ‘The flowers are light green, with the inside of the lip buff-yellow. 483. Microstylis Whitmeei, Rolfe; affinis MW. Reineckeanae, Kranzl., sed floribus majoribus differt. : Calis erectus, polyphyllus. Folia cirea 9, breviter petiolata, ovato-elliptica, breviter acuminata, tri-quinquenervia, 5-7-5 cm. longa, 1-85-3-1 cm. lata; petiolus 2-5 cm. longus, basi vaginatus. Scapus 3 dm. longus, basi nudus; racemus multiflorus. 5racteae triangulari-lineares, acuminatissimae, 4-6 mm. longi. Pedicelli — 3-75-5 em. longi. Sepala oblonga, obtusa vel apiculata, 2-3 mm. minute 4-5-dentatum; auriculae late rotundatae; callus subobsoletus. Columna brevissima; stelidia linearia. Samoa. Rev. 8S. J. Whitmee. Allied to M. Reineckeana, Kranzl., but having much we flowers, those of the latter being described by Dr. Kranzlin scarcely 1-5 mm. in diameter. 484. Bulbophyllum scandens, Rolfe; species insignis, a cae- teris speciebus Africanis caule. valido scandente tetragono epseudobulboso differt. Caules scandentes, validi, tetragoni, sadicantes circa 0*8—1 cm. lati, vaginis ovatis striatis imbricatis tecti, internodiis circa 1-+5— 2 cm. longis. Pseudobulbi obsoleti, diphylli. Folia elliptico- oblonga, subobtusa, subcoriacea, 15-17 om. longa, 5-6 cm, lata. Scapi arcuati, circa 10 em. longi; racemi multiflori. Bracteae 24 ovatae, apiculatae, circa 2 mm. longae. Pedicelli 5-6 mm. longt. Sepala oblonga, obtusa, circa 1 cm. longa. Petala laeviter arcuata, caeteris sepalis similia. Labellum recurvum, oblongum obtusum vel emarginatum, circa 8 mm. longum; lobi laterales angusti, erecti. Columna clavata, 4 mm. longa. CHELLES IsaNps. Common in forests of Mahé and the Silhouette, Horne 603; Cascade Estate, in mountain forests, 430 m. Thomasset 32; Casse les dents, R. Dupont. Remarkable for its stout climbing 4-angled stems, and the absence of pseudobulbs. Thomasset remarks that it is found climbing rocks and trees, and that the flowers are cream-coloured or purple. 485. Microstylis Thomassetii, Rolfe; affinis M. Rheedii Lindl., differt foliis angustioribus, labelli dentibus duplo brevior- ibus Pseudobulbi anguste oblongi, 7-8 cm. longi, 2—3-phylli. Folia elliptico-ovata vel oblonga, acuta vel breviter acuminata, paullo undulata, basi attenuata, 12-15 cm. longa, 3-4 cm. lata. Scapi 20-30 cm. longi; racemi multiflori. Bracteae lineari-lanceolatae, acuminatae, 4-8 mm. long. Pedicelli 4 mm. longi. Sepalum ovatum vel ovato-oblongum, obtusum 2 mm. longum; lateralia. lineari-oblonga, obtusa, subfalcata, 3 mm. longa. Petala line- aria, obtusa, 3 mm. longa. Labellum flabellatum vel transverse oblongum, 3 mm. latum, apice breviter 8—9-dentatum, basi callo erecto bidentato instructum. Columna 1 mm. longa, alis minutis. Capsula obovoidea, breviter pedicellata, 8-10 mm. longa. SEYCHELLES IsLanps. Mahé; Cascade Estate, H. P. Thomas- 486. Anoectochilus burmannicus, Rolfe; affinis A. sikkimensi, King & Pantl., sed labelli lobis angustioribus et multo longioribus differt. Herba terrestris, circiter 20 cm. alti. Rhizoma repens. Folia 3-4, breviter petiolata, ovata, acuta, 4-5 cm. longa, 2-5-3 cm. lata; petiolus 1-1-5 cm. longus, basi ample vagi- natus. Scapus erectus, circiter 12 cm. longus, omnino sparse pubescens, vaginis ovato-lanceolatis vestitus; racemus laxus, pauciflorus. Bracteae ovato-lanceolatae, acuminatae, circiter 1 em. longae. ‘Pedicelli patentes, 1-5 cm. longi. Flores medio- cres. Sepalum posticum ovatum, subobtusum, 5 mm. longum; - sepala lateralia oblique oblonga, subacuta, 7 mm. longa. Petala membranacea, late semiovata, subobtusa, membranacea, 5 mm. longa. Labellum 1-5 cm. longum, basi hastatum, apice diver- gente bilobum; lobi lineari-oblongi, subobtusi, 6 mm. longi: unguis 5 mm. longus, subinteger; calcar conicum, obtusum, 3°5mm. longum. Coluwmna lata, 3mm. longa, facie bilamellata. Burma. Pegri: Kadat Reserve; 300 m., in evergreen forest, C. G. Rogers. Readily separated from A. sikkimensis, King & Pantl., by the much elongated lobes of the lip. A plant in the Calcutta 25 Herbarium collected in Burma by S. Toppin, n. 4412, is very similar and may represent the same species, though there are a few differences in the floral structure. More complete material is desired. 487. Maxillaria insignis, Rolfe; affinis M. grandi, Reichb. f., sed colore sepalorum petalorumque differt. Pseudobulbi oblongi, compressi, circiter 9 cm. longi. Folia petiolata, elliptico-oblonga, subobtusa, circiter 30 cm. longa, ata; petiolus conduplicatus, circiter 12 cm. longus. Pedunculi 35 cm. longi, multivaginati; vaginae conduplicatae, oblongo-lanceolatae, acutae, subimbricatae, 3-6 cm. longae. Bracteae conduplicatae, oblongo-lanceolatae, acutae, 5:5 cm. longae. Pedicellus 6 cm. longus. Sepalum posticum elliptico- ovatum, acutum, concavum, 4-5 cm. longum; sepala lateralia oblique triangulari-ovata, acuta, 3 cm. lata, basi in mentum oblongum 3-5 cm. longum extensa. Pefala anguste ovata, aéuta, 3-5 cm. longa, 1-4 cm. lata. Labellum obovatum, 4 cm. longum, obscure trilobum; lobi laterales obtusi; lobus inter- medius semiorbicularis, 1-7 cm. latus, crispo-undulatus et crenulatus; discus callo oblongo 1°4 cm. lato instructus Columna crassa, 1-5 cm. longa. Perv. Forget. A very large and distinct species, which was introduced by Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, and flowered at the Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, in May 1912. It is apparently allied to the Ecuadorean WM. grandis, Reichb. f., which is known only from description, and of which no dimensions whatever are given, but as that is described as having the front-lobe of the lip oblong and the petals spotted the two are believed to be distinct. The sepals and petals of M. insignis are ivory white, the former slightly and the latter strongly striped with red-purple, while the lip is dull yellow, with some brown markings on the front lobe, a red brown suffusion and darker lines on the side lobes, and a deep yellow crest. 488. Camaridium vinosum, Rolfe; a C. Lawrenceano, Rolfe, foliis duplo brevioribus et latioribus et floribus vinosis valde distincta. Herba epiphytica, 15-30 cm. alta. Caules parce ramosi sub-compressi, 4-12 cm. longi, remote pseudobulbiferi. Pseu- dobulbi oblongi, compressi, 2-2-5 em. longi, apice diphyll. Folia disticha, patentia, sessilia, oblonga, brevissima biloba, 1-5-2-3 cm. longa, 4-8 mm. lata, vaginis conduplicatis striatis imbricatis caule adpressis. Flores axillares, solitarii, peduncu- lati, vinosi. Pedunculi circiter 2 cm. longi, vaginis lanceolatis paucis vestiti. Sepala subconniventia, oblonga, subobtusa, vel apiculata, 0*8—-1 cm. longa, lateralia in mentum breve extensa- Petala oblonga, obtusa, vel apiculata, 7-9 mm. longa. Labellum late oblongum, obtusum, integrum vel obscure trilobum, 7-9 mm. longum; discus callo oblongo nitido ornatus. Columna 6-7 mm- longa. - 26 Habitat. Not recorded. This species: flowered in the-eollection of the late Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking, in July, 1899. 489. Cryptophoranthus Lehmannii, Rolfe; a C. Dayano, Rolfe, floribus multo minoribus, sepalis lateralibus subtus minus concavis intus favoso-areolatis et maculatis differt Caules 5-6-3 cm. longi, vaginis amplis tubulosis obtecti. Folia petiolata, late elliptica vel suborbicularia, subobtusa, 6-3-7:5 cm. longa, 3-7—5-6 cm. lata; petiolus 1-6—1-8 cm. longus. Flores fasciculati, breviter pedunculati, 3-1 cm. longi. -Bracteae spathaceo-ellipticae, apiculatae, 6-8 mm. longae. Ovarium hexap- terum, alis undulatis. Sepalwm posticum ellipticum, apiculatum, valde concavum, quinquecarinatum, carinis prope apicem pauce serrulatis; sepala lateralia connata, elliptica, apiculata, subtus subconcava, intus favoso-areolata, Fenestra 1-6-1-8 cm. longa. Petala obliqua, late oblonga, apiculata, 3-5 mm. longa. Labellum sagittatum, 3-5 mm. longum; lobi laterales erecti, apice angusti refiexi; lobus intermedius oblongus, subobtusus, denticulatus ; callus dentiformis, prope basim insertus. Columna oblonga, 2 mm. longa. CotomBia. Popayan, Lehmann. Flowered at the Glasnevin Botanic Garden in November 1899, and subsequently at the Zurich Botanic Garden, and in the collection of the Hon. Walter Rothschild. The sepals are heavily blotched with dull purple on a whitish ground, which becomes yellow towards the base of the lateral pair; and the petals and lip yellow, the former being more or less spotted with dull purple. 490. Megaclinium angusium, Aolfe; affinis M. Millenii, Rolfe, sed rhachi 2-5-4 mm. diametro, floribus purpureis fere concoloribus differt Pseudobulbt caespitosi, ovoideo-oblongi, obscure tetragoni, 1-25-2-5 em. longi, diphylli. Folia lineari-oblonga, subobtusa, es -75-4:4 em. longa, 0-6—1-2 cm. lata. Scapi 3-75-5 cm. longi. Rhachis linearis, tenuis, minute lepidota, 2-5-4 mm. diametro, margine crenulato; practeae late triangulares, subobtusae, 1-5 mm. longae, 1-5 mm. latae, demum recurvae; flores 2-5 mm. distantes; pedicelli 2 mm. longi, sparse pubescentes. Sepalum posticum lineari-oblongum, subacutum, 3-5 mm. longum; late- ralia, ovata, concava, 2 mm. longa, supra medium reflexa, apice subfaleata, acuta. Petala subulata, faleata, 2 mm. longa. Labellum ovatum, obtusum, integrum, recurvum, vix 1 mm. longum. Columna brevis, alis brevissimis obtusis. ‘W. Tropica. Arrica. Old Calabar, Holland. Sent to Kew in 1898 by Mr. J. H. Holland, Curator of the ‘Botanic Garden, Old Calabi, and flowered in the Kew Collection in June 1900. The flowers are almost uniformly lurid purple in colour, a little paler on the dorsal sepal and petals. 27. VI,_-DIAGNOSES AFRICANAE: LXXV. 1661, Crotalaria Hislopii, Corbishley _[Papilionaceae-Genis- teae}|; affinis C. anisophyllae, Welw., sed foliis angustioribus longioribusque, sepalis latioribus differt. Herba erecta, circiter 25 cm. alta, e basi ramosa. Folia, simplicia, linearia, subtus strigoso-pubescentia, petiolo 5 mm. longo; stipulae subulato-lineares, 3-5 mm. longae, apice recur- vatae. lores pauci, rachibus strigoso-pubescentibus foliis longi- oribus. Bracteae lineares, recurvatae, 3-4 mm, longae; pedicelli cireiter 5 mm. longi. Calyx ad 1-3 cm. longus, lobis acuminatis circiter 1 ¢m. longis utrinque minute strigillosis. Corolla glabra, calyce paullo longior; vexillum erectum, violaceum; carina et alae luteae, Legumen juvenile cinereo-oblongum, stipitatum, ‘5-cm. longum, 8 mm, latum, stylo persistente apice petala eMarcida gerente. Tropicay, Arrica. Southern Rhodesia, probably Rusapi, A. Hislop 155. 1662. Crotalaria Breyeri, NV. HE. Brown [Papilionaceae-Genis- teae]; affinis C. eldomae, Baker f., sed ramis gracilioribus et florjbus multo minoribus conspicue differt. Frutex glaber, ramis gracilibus. Folia trifoliolata; petioli _ 0-6-1:5 cm, longi, 0-5 mm. crassi; foliola 0-5-1-5 cm. longa, J~4 mm. lata, linearia vel cuneato-oblanceolata, acuta vel obtusa. Racemi laterales, graciles, 3-7 cm. longi, laxe 2-4-flori; bracteae ad 2 mm. longae, subulatae; pedicelli 5~7 mm. longi. Calyx 6-7 mm. longus, campanulatus, ad medium subaequaliter 5-dentatus, dentibus deltoideis acutis. Corolla circa 2 cm. longa; vexiJlum suborbiculare; alae carina duplo breviores, obtusae, rugosae; carina acute rostrata. : SourH ArRica. Transvaal: Griffin Mine in Pietersburg District, Breyer in Herb. F. A. Rogers 23998. This shrub appears to be quite glabrous to the naked eye, but with a strong lens some very minute sparsely scattered and very closely adpressed hairs may be detected upon the young branchlets and leaves. 1663. Erythrophleum lasianthum, Corbishley [Caesalpiniaceae- Dimorphandreae]; affinis £. Couminga, Baill, et EH. pubi- stamineo, Hennings, sed ab illo foliorum costa glabra, inflor- escentia laxjore, pedicellis longioribus, filamentis dense lanato- Pilosis, ab hoc foliis glabris nitidis oblique ovatis apice angustatis, staminum pilis multo longioribus et densioribus differt. . __ Folia bipinnata, pinnis oppositis 12-15 cm. longis, rachibus teretibus glabris; foliola utrinsecus 5 vel 6, alterna, oblique OVata, aPice emarginata, basi inaequalia rotundata, usque ad 4-5 cm. longa, 1-5-2 em. lata, chartacea, marginibus leviter undulatis, utrinque glabra et nitida, subtus costa media con- SPicua, neryis lateralibus utrinsecus circiter 15; petioluli 4 mm. 28 longi, glabri, supra canaliculati. Inflorescentia paniculata, pedunculis lanato-pubescentibus demum glabrescentibus, pedi- cellis hirsutis usque ad 3 mm. longis. Receptaculum turbinatum, extra tomentosum, intra glabrum, circiter 2mm. longum. Sepala oblonga, obtusa, circiter 2-5 mm. longa, extra tomentosa, marginibus dense pilosa. Petala oblanceolato-spathulata, apice rotundata, 4 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, extra lanato-tomentosa. Stamina 10, cum petalis inserta; filamenta inaequalia, dense lanato-pilosa, circiter 5 mm. petalis longiora; antherae parvae, ovatae, dorso affixae. Ovarium stipitatum, circiter 7 mm. longum et 1 mm. latum, fusiforme, dense lanatum, in stylum brevissimum glabrum contractum. Fructus non visus. SoutH Arrica. Natal: Ingwavuma, Nov. 1919, Magistrate of District, National Herb. Pretoria 1228. 1664. Pteronia Foleyi, Hutchinson et Phillips (Compositae- Asteroideae), affinis P. sordidae, N.E.Br., sed foliis majoribus bracteis inferioribus minoribus numerosis minus membranaceis differt. circiter 10 seriatae, minute ciliatae ; extimae elliptico-lanceolatae, marginibus vix membranaceis; intimae oblanceolatae, apice . obtusae. Corollae tubus 9 mm. longus, cylindricus, glaber; lobi 3mm. longi, 1 mm. lati, oblongi, apice obtusi. Filamenta 2-5 mm. longa, linearia; antherae 5-5 mm. longae, lineares. Pappus 1 cm. longus, setis basi connatis, Achaenia 5-5 mm. longa, obovata, villosa; stylus 7 mm. longus, teres, glaber; lobi 4 mm. longi, lineares, apice angustati, obtusi. : Soutu Arrica. Wittebergen; Matjesfontein, Rehmann 2923; common on flats and stony Kopjes at Matjesfontein, October 1921, W. J. Foley in S. Afr. National Herbarium 1516. Near P. sordida, N.E.Br. but differs by its larger leaves which are usually recurved, bracts much narrower and with less membranous margins, and usually less densely villous achenes. 1665. Acocanthera longiflora, Stapf {[Apocynaceae-Carisseae] ; affinis A. venenatae, G. Don, sed floribus fructibusque omnibus partibus majoribus. Arbuscula, 5-6 m. alta, glaberrima inflorescentiis exceptis; ramuli novelli magis minusve compressi, laeves. Folia elliptica vel elliptico-oblonga, apice mucronato-acuta, basi acuta vel subcuneata, plerumque 6-9 cm. longa, 3-5-4 cm. lata, rarius ampliora (ad 11 em. longa, 6-5 em. lata), coriacea, exsiccando olivaceo-viridia, subtus pallidiora, nitida, nervis secondariis utrinque 7-9, tertiariis similibus saepe interjectis, obliquis parallelis utrinque prominentibus, venis distinctis prominulis ; ‘petiolus crassiusculus, 2-3 mm. longus. Inflorescentiae sub- glomeruliformes, plerumque ubique puberulae, multiflorae, sessiles 29 vel subsessiles, axi demum ad 5 (raro 8) mm. longo; bracteae ovatae, acutae, minutae. Calyx puberulus, raro glaber, 3-5-4 mm. longus; sepala ovato-lanceolata vel lanceolata, subacuminata. Corolla alba, suaveolens; tubus circiter 15-16 cm. longus, magis minusve puberulus, intus laxe pilosus; lobi rotundato-ovati, breviter apiculati, 2-2-5 mm. longi. Antherae 1-5 mm. longae. Stigma breve, obtusum. Bacca oblongo-ellipsoidea, 2-3-2-5 cm. longa, medio 1-5-1-7 cm. diametro, demum atro-purpurea vel exsiccando nigra, edulis. Semina ambitu late elliptica, circiter 1-4 cm. longa, 1-1 em. lata, albida. A. venenata, Vatke ex Schweinf. in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. Beibl. 41, 46 (footnote), Holmes in Pharm. Journ. ser. 3, xxiv, 42; Stapf in Dyer, Fl. Trop. Afr. iv. 94 (partly). A. Schimperi, Schweinf. in Boll. Soc. Afr. Italia x. (1891) xi-xii, 13 (the Taita plant); and in Engl. Jahrb. xvii. l.c., Pax in Engl. Pfl. Ost. Afr. B. 519 (the Taita plant). A. abyssinica, K. Schum. in Engl. Pfl. Ost. Afr. A. 48 aF AST Arrica. Kenya Colony; Taita, Ndara Mountains, 1270-1525 m., Hildebrandt; Holmwood. Nairobi, common on the edges and in open places of the forests, 1780 m., C. F. Elliott 266; Battiscombe ; Kikuyu, Whyte. Usambara; Kwa Mshuza, 1300 m., Holst 8968. ‘‘ Deutsch-Ostafrika ” without precise locality, Busse, 382. — A. venenata, G. Don, appears to be confined to South Africa and Matabeleland (by streams near Buluwayo, Rand, 572; Hope ountain, south of Buluwayo, Baines). According to Mr. Battiscombe the fruits are edible having a sweet taste and are readily devoured by birds. Mr. Battiscombe writes :—‘‘ Both Acocanthera Schimperi and A. longiflora are used indiscriminately for arrow-poison, but that derived from A. Schimperi is said to be more potent than A. longiflora; to the Wakamba natives who are chief users of the arrow poison both trees are known under the name of ‘Ki bai’ but A. longiflorais qualified as ‘ Ki bai chi ao ’ e.g. black Ki bai. Just now the former is in full blossom and is a beautiful sight.” I have adopted Endlicher’s spelling of Acocanthera in the place of the absurd and barbarous form Acokanthera, found in G. Don’s Generum Systema, which is evidently due to a printer’s error. Don himself gives the derivation of the name as “ from axkwkyn, acoce (two ce’s) a mucrone...... ” Another printer’s error of a similar nature has crept into the same ae thera,” etc. and there are further misprints on the same page, a clear proof of bad reading. Pfeifer, Nomenclator Botanicus, has also Acocanthera 1666. Brachystelma brevipedicellatum, Turrill [Asclepiadaceae- Ceropegieae]; affinis B. Arnotit, Baker, sed pedicellis brevioribus floribus majoribus corolla haud reflexa coronae lobis truncatis in parte superiore atropurpureis praecipue differt.. 30 Tuber napiforme, 5 cm. diametro, pallide brunneum. Caules 2-4, erecti, a basi saepe ramosi, minute puberuli pilis plus minusve reflexis. Folia elliptica vel lanceolato-elliptica, apice obtusa vel subacuta, basi in petiolum circiter 5 mm. longum angustata, 2 cm. longa (petiolo excluso), marginibus leviter undulata, in pagina superiore margines versus hispidula, in pagina inferiore omuino hispidula pilis uncinatis instructa, nervis subtus promi- nentibus, supra impressis, nervis lateralibus utrinque 5-6 vix anastomosantibus. Flores in foliorum axillis 3-5; pedicelli 2mm.longi. Sepala lanceolata, acuta, 3 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, puberula. Corolla extus fere glabra, viridis, tubo breviter campa- nulato, lobis patulis supra atropurpureis leviter corrugatis sub- carnosis pilis brevibus nitentibus instructis. Corona exterior nulla. Corona interior lobis 5 staminis oppositis truncatis vix 2 mm. latis ex ore corollae tubi eminentibus parte superiore a Stamina flava, brevia, inflexa. Styli apex truncatus. H Arrica. Described from a plant cultivated at Kew and hisood originally from Pretoria 1667. Huernia Hislopii, Turvill [Asclepiadaceae-Stapelieae] ; affinis H. barbatae, Haw., sed corollae lobis reflexis, tubo haud intus pilis longis instructo, coronae exterioris lobis angustioribus praecipue distinguitur. Planta a basi ramosa, circiter 5 cm. alta, ramis 5-angulatis inferne viridibus superne purpurascentibus glaucis glabris 1 cm. diametro ad angulos dentibus 3 mm. longis instructis. Flores solitarii; pedicellus 6 mm. longus, glaber. Sepala lanceolato- subulata, apice acuminata, 6 mm. longa, glabra. Corolla campanulata; tubus 1.6 cm. longus, inferne leviter ampliatus, superne contractus, extra albus, intra lineis atro-sanguineis instructus, fauce 1.1 cm. diametro, papillis subclavatis albis apice fusco-sanguineis praeditus ; limbus 5-lobatus, cremeus, maculis fusco-sanguineis numerosis. instructus, lobis deltoideis acuminatis 1.4 cm. longis papillosis valde reflexis, dentibus intermediis 3 mm. longis basi 2 mm. latis reflexis. Corona exterior lobis 5 oblongis 4 mm. longis 3 mm. latis atro-sanguineis et fere nigris apice truncatis breviter 3-4-dentatis praedita. Corona interior lobis 5 subulatis 4 mm. longis ad medium conniventibus superne divergentibus albis apice atro-sanguineis | instructa. Tropica, Arrica: Rhodesia, Hislop. Described from a living specimen grown in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 1668. Bowkeria citrina, ihe, [Scrophulariaceae-Cheloneae], - affinis B. velutinae, Harv. ex Hiern, sed foliis aureo-glandulosis parce puberulis minime vero velutinis, pedunculis~ brevioribus, calycis segmentis angustioribus lanceolatis-oblongis acutis vel ‘acuminatis, corolla citrina distincta. rutex ramosissimus, 6—8-pedalis, fra agrans. Ramuli sub- teretes, ors or: glandulosique, selalendis foliis multo bre- 31 vioribus. Folia terna, breviter petiolata, lanceolata, 5-7.5 cm. longa, medio 0.6-1 em. lata, acuta, basi- et apice angustata, marginibus integris vel sub apice denticulatis subrevolutis, utrinque aureo-glandulosa glandulis subtus multo magis con- Spicuis, superne densius subtus parce puberula vel praeter nervos subglabra, hic pallidiora et tenuiter reticulata. Petioli 2-3 mm. longi, puberuli. Pedunculi axillares, oppositi, uniflori, puberuli, 1-1.2 cm. longi, sub apicem bibracteolati. Bracteolae lanceolatae, puberulae, 4-5 mm. longae. Calyx alte 5-partitus, segmentis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis ciliolatis. Corolla bilabiata, obliqua, ventricosa, inflata, puberula, flava, interne purpureo- punctata, ad 1.6 c.m. longa, labio superiore bidentato, inferiore tridentato lobis brevibus obtusis ciliolatis. Stamina filamentis arcuatis glabris, antheris didymis glabris reniformibus. Ovarium pubescens. Stylus filiformis, puberulus, longe persistens. Capsula septicidalis, bivalvis, aureo-glandulosa, ad 1 cm. longa. Semina. ignota. Soutu Arrica. Natal: Utrecht Division; by the tributary streamlets of the aaa River, near Rooipoort, 1270 m., J. Thode. An agreeably sodnited large shrub growing by the banks of streamlets under the Drakensberg in the Utrecht division and flowering from January to June. 1669. Acrocephalus erectifolius, N. H#. Brown ([Labiatae- Ocimoideae] ; persimilis A. venoso, ” Baker, sed foliis brevissime petiolatis bracteisque subduplo majoribus et late membranaceo- marginatis facile ee ur. Herba perennis, erecta, ad 80 cm. alta. Caules 2-4 mm. crassi, patule pilosi. Folia erecta, utrinque pilosa; petioli 2-3 mm. longi; laminae 5-9 cm. longae, 0.5-1.2 cm. latae, lineari-lanceolatae, acutae, sub-integrae vel minute denticulatae. Capitula globosa, circa 1 cm. diametro, corymboso-paniculata, foliis reductis coloratis praedita; bracteae 4-5 mm. longae, 5-8 mm. latae, late rhomboideae, subacutae, late colorato- marginatae, ciliatae et infra marginem dorso pubescentes. Calyx 2 mm. longus, obtuse bilabiatus. Corolla 5 mm. longa, lobis parvis obtusis. TropicaL Arrica. North-west Rhodesia; Broken Hill, on clay soil, 1220 m. June 1909, F. A. Rogers 8157. 1670. Englerastrum rhodesianum, NV. E. Brown [Labiatae- Ocimoideae] ; affinis #. Schweinfurthii, Briq., sed racemis Peano longioribus et. ramosis conspicue differt ‘Herba annua, 1.5-40 c.m alta, areata Caulis 1.5-4 mm. crassus, simplex vel opposite ramosus, pubescens vel puberulus, fere ad basin florifer; internodiis 2-5 cm. longis. Folia opposita, deflexa, subsessilia, 1.5-2.5 cm. longa, 1-1.5 cm. lata, ovata, obtuse acuta, basi rotundata vel subcuneata, subintegra vel obscure crenata, utrinque parce pubescentia. Racemi patuli, 5-15 em. longi, laxe ramosi, graciles, minute puberuli vel fere glabri; 32 ramuli distantes, ad 3 cm. longi, apice subcapitato—3—6-flori ; pedicelli 1-2 mm. longi. Calyx 1.5 (fructu 2.5) mm. longus, subaequaliter 5-dentatus, pubescens, dentibus deltoideis acutis. Corolla 4 mm. longa, caerulea; labium superum 1 mm. longum, inaequaliter 4-lobum; labium inferum 2 mm. longum, concavum. TropicaL Arrica. Northern Rhodesia: Mumbwai, Mrs. Macaulay 637; Livingstone, F. A. Rogers 7205. Mr. H. Green, Assistant Superintendent of the Botanical and Forestry Department, Hong Kong (K.B., 1911, 118) has been appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies Superintendent of the Department in succession to the late Mr. W. J. Tutcher (K. B., 1920, 136). Mr. L. G. Ricwarps, a member of the gardening staff of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, has been appointed by the Secretary of State for India, on the recommendation of Kew, a Probationer Gardener in India. Visitors during 1921.—The number of visitors to the Gardens in 1921 was 1,236,308. Additions to Gardens, 1921.—The number of separate consign- ments of living plants, seeds, etc., to the Gardens was 338. The most important were the following Edinburgh, Royal Botanic Corie .—147 packets of seeds ; Bursera pinnata and B. Delpechiana, Rhododendron acuminatum ; various other plants and seeds. Glasnevin, Royal Botanic Garden.—39 packets of seeds; Lilium Lowi, Protea abyssinica, Primula Fortunei, Bulbophyllum Bagy oia ve > ag mbridge “Botanic Garden. —Various herbaceous plants and es: R.H.S. Gardens, Wisley.—Lilium giganteum, Chinese shrubs and herbaceous plants. Regents Park (T. Hay, oe scrape —14 —s Agaves, Musa Ensete. Restio subverticilla ominica Botanic Garden Bee Phytelephas macrocarpa. St. Kitts-Nevis Agri. Dept.—Melocactus communis. Nigeria Agri, Dept.—Seeds of economic plants, bulbs, Crinum purpurascens, Lissochilus Heudelotii Rotterdam Botanic Garden.—Macodes peto P era Botanic Garden.—Seeds of eat plants and alms 33 Gold Coast Agri. Dept.—Seeds Digitarum exilis. Soudan Forestry Dept.—Orchids, Ferns, etc. Ceylon, Royal Botanic Garden.— Dendrobium aureum. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture—Seeds Prunus Davidiana, etc., _ Casimiroa edulis, Pinus Bungeana. Tokyo Botanic Garden.—106 packets of seeds. Kirstenbosch Botanic Garden.—S. African bulbs, seeds of Proteas, ete. rican Dept. of Agriculture, Pretoria.—Aloe sessiliflora, seeds Osyris abyssinica. Seychelles Botanic Station.—Seeds of Lodoicea sechellarum. Mauritius Forest Dept.—Wardian case of Orchids and other plants. Seeds Z'yphonodorum Lindleyanum, various Palms and Pandanads. Penang Botanic Garden.—Seeds Pholidocarpus macrocarpa and Borassus mac. nis. Arnold Arboretum.—Many packets of seeds, including Quercus rhombica ; collection of seeds from Mr. Hers, Peking. Uganda, Dept of Agriculture—Seeds Hncephalartos Lauren- tianus. Singapore Botanic Garden.—Four Wardian cases of plants. Seeds Hosea Lobbiv. Sydney Botanic Garden.—Seeds T'elopea speciosissima. Darwin Botanic Garden.—Seeds Callitris intratropica. Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture.—Various seeds Kumaon Botanic Garden.—Seeds and roots of native plants. including Habenaria Suzannae. Angola Botanic Garden.—Various seeds. Ottawa Experimental Farm.—Seeds Zizania aquatica. Uganda Botanic Garden.—Orchids. Kenya Colony, Forest Dept.—Various iste Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans.— Vanda luzon Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath. —Eulophiella sols and other Orchids. Mr C. Engelmann, Saffron Walden.—Collection of Carnations. Messrs Wallace & Co., Tonbridge.—Liliums and Clematis koreana. Messrs Vilmorin Andrieux & Co., Verriéres.—Seeds of Chinese trees and shrubs. Mr T. Richardson, Victoria, Australia.—Collection of Aus- tralian seeds. Mr J. C. Watt, Aberdeen. —Lonicera splendida. Mr J.S. Gamble, Liss —Arundinaria Pantlingii and A. Maling. Mr H. J. Elwes, Colesborne.—Various seeds and_ plants. Hedychium Elwesii, Cymbidium Devonianum, Campanula mira- bilis, ete. Mr A. Pride, Lincoln.— Stevia Rebaudiana, Hippeastrums, etc. Mr R. Fox, Penjerrick. —Rhododendrons. Mrs King, Hendon.—Collection of Indian seeds. Mr W. R. Price, Chepstow.—Orchids from Formosa. xz 1867388 34 Mr C. B. Kloss, Richmond.—Amorphophallus Rex, bulbs, seeds of Hodgsonia heteroclita. Mr A. E. Bowles, Waltham Cross.—Various spp. of Crocus. Booth Steamship Co., Liverpool.—Seeds Attalea funifera. Mr R. B. Stamford, Loughborough.—Large plant of Hpi- phyllum truncatum. Mr A. M. Mitford, Upton Park.—Various tropical plants and seeds. Mount Everest Committee of R. Geog. Soc. and Alpine Club. —Collection of seeds (Everest Expedition). . C. Williams, Caerhays.—Populus Wilsoni, Daphne retusa, Chinese Rhododendrons. Mr R. 8. Hail, Blackpool Dwarf Musa from West Africa. Mr J. Kay, Prestwick.—Seeds of conifers. Marquis of Headfort, Meath Hardy trees and shrubs. Mr A. K. Bulley, Neston.—Seeds Eriogonium Wrightit, Codonopsis Bulleyana Mr H. Spence, Knutsford.—Seeds Quercus cornea. Mr M. Yorke, Iver Heath.— Rhododendron Edgarianum. Mr P. D. Williams, St Keverne.—Hardy trees and shrubs, Rhododendron Boothii: seeds Quercus marylandica. Mr R. Cory, Duffryn.—Chinese seeds, trees and shrubs. The Hon. Vicary Gibbs, Aldenham.—Cotoneaster Vicarii, -Syringa palibiniana. Major A. A. Dorrien Smith, Tresco—Various seeds and plants. Major L. de Rothschild, Gunnersbury.—Chinese oe hardy _Nymphaeas, Arundinaria rubicunda, Magnolia Wilson Major A. Pam, Broxbourne.—Hymenocallis Aah cits Mr C. Turner, Slough —Syringa Swezingowii. Mr S. T. Dunn, Kew.—Seeds Cinnamomum inunctum Mr J. Cadman, ee i Institute.—Seeds H odgsonia, Theobroma and Acroc Dr H. Durham, Hetiehiied-Polmnia edulis, Iris — Mr A. Grove, Henley.—Lilium auratum macranthu Mr C. W. James, Welbeck Street, W.. ~—Seeds Quercus alnifolia. Mr T. H. Lowinsky Mr H. G. Elisha, Canonbury. —Collection of Mesembryanthe- mums and other succulent Fraser, Ucluclet aoMiybiid Rubi, Erythroniums. Mr D. Tannock Dunedin.—Seeds of Celmisias, etc. Wardian case of plants. Lt. Col. Lee, S. Shan States.—Seeds Aristolochia Hookeriana. Mr C. Hanbury, La Mortola.—Collection of seeds. _ Mr W. Purdom (the late), Peking —Seeds of Chinese plants. - Mr F. Griffith, Bloemfontein Seeds, Cupressus arizonica and of S. African Heaths. Miss Wilman, Kimberley.—Various bulbs and seeds. G. Coomber, Zomba.—Seeds Widdringtonia Whytei, Khaya senegalensis. 35 Mr M. T. Dawe.—Various seeds from the Gambia. Tubers of Yams, Arracacha esculenta, Solanum sp., fruit edible... Orchids, bulbs and seeds from the Congo. Seeds Befaria sp Miss M. Mason, Cape Town.—Seeds, bulbs bad tubers of Ss. ‘African plants. Mr T. B. McLelland, Porto Rico.—Dioscorea esculenta. Mr E. C. Villiers, aces —wWardian case of plants. Mr A. W. Maynard, Queenstown, 8. Africa.—Encephalartos horridus, EZ. Frederici- Quilielmi and £, sp. Mr G. W. Grabham, Khartoum.—Orchids, Ferns, bulbs and seeds. Mr J. G. Watson, Johore.—Orchids Mr F. Kingdon Ward.—Many packets of seeds, collected in China. Mr G. M. Michell, Para.—Collection of Passifloras. Mr J. M. Hunter, Queensland.—Nymphaea sp. (native). Mr W. Campbell, Johannesburg.—Seeds Bolusanthus speciosus. Dr L. Cockayne, New Zealand.—Collection of seeds and “native plants. Mr C. H. Lankester, Uganda.—Orchids; seeds from Mount Elgon. Mr M. Koch, W. Australia.—Collection of seeds. Rev. H. H. Mathias, Christchurch, N.Z.—Seeds of New Zealand plants. Mr P. M. Bayne, Chang-Tu, China.—Collection of Chinese seeds. Mr A. F. Baker, Bloemfontein.—S. African bulbs and seeds. Dr Y. 8. Sanitwongse, Bangkok.—Jasminum Rex. Mr T. D. A. Cockerell, Colorado.—Seeds Primula Parryi. Mr T. P. Stokoe, Cape Town. —Seeds Orothamnus Zeyheri, _ Erica, ete. Prof. Trabut, Algiers.—Urginea maritima. Dr J. Borg, Malta.—Urginea maritima. Mr L. H. Wah, Burma.—Dendrobiums. Dr H. Takeda, Tokyo.— Ranzania japonica. Mr C. Hummel, British Honduras.—Ananas macrodontes. Surplus plants from the various collections were distributed as usual, either in exchange with botanic gardens, nurserymen, etc., or as gifts to teaching institutions. The total number of packets of seeds distributed was 2,888 of hardy trees and shrubs, and 3,090 of hardy herbaceous ‘plants. The most sh te of the seeds obtained for special distribution were Typ Lindleyanum, Pinus canariensis and Nigerian Oil Palm. Two trees which have been freely distributed are the hybrid Populus iets Se ace and Aesculus indica, the latter having seeded ly at Wi: hahet cases of plants were sent to the Botanic neon of Sierra Leone, Kumaon, Ceylon and the Emir of Katsin C2 36 The recipients of plants, etc., from Kew, included the following :— Richmond Park.—Trees and shrubs. Armstrong College, Newcastle-on-Tyne.—Collection of Will- ows. Mr A. Anesworth, Otford.—Shrubs and herbaceous plants. Oxford Botanic Garden.—Collection Bamboos and collection of Selaginellas. Mr C. Eley, East Bergholt.—Rhododendrons and other shrubs. Mr A. Ashridge, Pinner.—Collection of hardy herbaceous plants. Mr H. A. Hesse, Weener, Hanover.—Collection of seeds of trees and shrubs. Ministry of Agriculture and om Pathological Laboratory, — Harpenden.—Hardy trees and s Miss Willmott, Warley.—Hardy one shrubs and herbaceous plants. Dr F. Boergesen, Copenhagen.— Rhododendrons and other shrubs. Glasnevin, Royal Botanic Garden.—Collection of Mesembry- anthemums, various greenhouse plants, trees and shrubs Mr H. Elwes, Colesborne.—Cacti, Mesembryanthemums: and other plants. C. Hanbury, La Mortola.—Shrubs and herbaceous plants. (tender). Royal Botanic Society, Regents Park.—250 greenhouse plants. Mr J. C. Williams, Caerhays. Pet: trees and shrubs. Emir of Katsina.—Plants and see Imperial War Graves Conta St Omer.—Plants and cuttings of shrubs, various seeds. Rachel Macmillan Training Centre, Deptford.—171 trees and shrubs. Hyde Park.—50 Aesculus indica, 12 A. calrfornica. Regents Park.—80 trees and shrubs. Ministry of Agriculture and caste Veterinary Laboratory, Weybridge.—50 shrubs. Forestry Commission.—1,300 pe ae of Populus generosa, John Innes Horticultural Institute, Merton.—Shrubs and herbaceous plants games Physical Laboratory, Bushey Park.—384 trees and shrubs J andi des Plantes, Paris.—50 trees and shrubs, collection _ s of ae pee oa: Lowinsky, Sunningdale.—Rhododendrons. octagons of the Temperate House. The roof of the Victoria House and adjoining porch, owing to the decay of some of the — 37 principal rafters, underwent considerable repair. Improved accommodation for the smaller succulent plants was provided by converting a large span frame into a low house, and this has given satisfactory results. Such a house was necessary owing to the purchase of a valuable collection of Mesembry- anthemums formed by the late Mr H. G. Elisha, Canonbury. Other purchases of importance were a collection of Australian seeds from Mr T. Richardson, Elmhurst, Victoria, and green- house plants from Messrs Haage and Schmidt, Erfurt new Lecture room for the use of the Student Gardeners has been fitted up and is now in use, so that it is possible for two courses of lectures to be given simultaneously. Arboretum.—The most laborious undertaking in this Depart- ment has been the removal of mud from the Lake bottom. The last time it was done was during the winter of 1906-1907 (see K.B. 1907, p. 101), so that there has been a fifteen years’ accumulation; this varied in depth in different parts of the Lake from four to eighteen inches. Sixteen of the regular labour staff were set to work in November, their places in the ordinary gang being taken by the same number of unemployed men in the neighbourhood. Owing to fine open weather, the work has proceeded very satisfactorily and will probably be finished early in February. The Natural Order Hamamelidaceae or witch-hazel family, although small, is a very interesting one and the species in cultivation have been considerably increased ma recent a aa tion in China. Two new genera have been made, Sinowilsonia and Fortunearia, both commemorating famous plant siaeoteds in China. To provide adequate accommodation for these new introductions a miscellaneous shrubbery immediately north- east of King Wil'iam’s Temple was cleared away last February and the site devoted to the witch-hazels and their allies, of which the gaelegia is a complete list now in cultivation in the open air at Corylopsis nee Mak. Corylopsis ome Rehd. ats Gri iffithii, Hemsley. & Wils. S paucifiora, Sieb. & sp. Forrest, 13516. Zuce. Disanthus cercidifolia, Maxim. “ platypetala, Rehd. & er iytttl racemosum, Sieb. & i uce. ; sinensis, Hemsley. Fortunearia sinensis, Rehd. & - } ieb. & #£Wils. uce. Fothergilla Gardenii, Murray. - iy ter. foe ve major, d. variegutis, monticola, Ashe. Hort. Hi amamelis arborea, Masters. a Veitchiana, Bean. 38 Hamamelis japonica, Sieb. & Liquidambar formosana, Hance. Zucees * } var 73 29 ~ ee ; var. rubra, » monticola, Hort. Rehd. & Wils. # $ var. © Zuc- a orientalis, Mill. cariniana, Bs styraciflua, L. Nichols. Parrotia Jacquemontiana,Decne. = mollis, Oliver. 2 persica, C. A. Meyer. i vernalis, Sargent. Sinowilsonia Henryi, Hemsley. sak virginiana, L. Sycopsis sinensis, Oliver. Loropetalum chinense, Oliver, has several times been tried in the open air, but is not hardy and is now grown in the Temper- ate House. Hucommia ulmoides, Oliver, and Cercidiphyllum. japonicum, Sieb. & Zuce. are sometimes placed in Hamamelid- aceae. Both are hardy. The Rose Garden near the Pagoda, which is largely planted with the free-growing hybrids of the polyantha and Wichuraiana. groups of roses, was formed out of a disused gravel pit in 1895— 1896. The steep banks were held up by tree stumps. Many of these having decayed the whole garden was given a thorough overhauling during the early part of the winter, the decayed stumps being replaced by fresh ones. The opportunity was taken also to plant a large number of young roses in place of old worn-out ones. The large breadths of spring flowering heaths which make such a charming feature at Kew suffered very badly from last: year’s drought; many were killed outright and many more so debilitated as to be unfit to remain. Fortunately there was a large quantity of healthy young plants in the nursery to take their place. The occasion of replanting was taken to make a winding informal grass walk through the heath bed close to the Unicorn Gate (H and I 9 on Key Plan) in which some interesting Magnolias and other rare shrubs are planted and will thereby be made available for closer inspection by visitors. A considerable number of men have been employed since October in renewing the turf at the edges of the walks. Owing - to public traffic this is an annual task, but the drought of 1921 has made it a much more arduous one than usual. The work nevertheless is essential, for worn and battered verges to the walks detract much from the appearance of any garden, however well kept in other respects. The remainder of the Palace Lawn on which potatoes had been grown in 1920 was sown with grags seed last spring; and the western corner of Kew Green in front of the Herbarium which had been cut up into vegetable allotments during the war was also laid down to grass again. . 39 ums.—During the year the Staff has been fully occupied in “aga em with a large number of products received for deter- mination, and report and in furnishing information to commercial firms planters and others upon various plants of economic interest. The remainder of the timbers received in the rough from the Empire Timber Exhibition have been prepared for exhibit and placed in position and a large and miscellaneous collection of products obtained from the Rubber and other Tropical Products Exhibition have likewise been dealt with. Duplicates have been distributed to the Agent-General for Queensland, the National Museum Cardiff, School of Forestry at Yale University etc. As in past years a collection chiefly of duplicate material was prepared for the Bath and West and Southern Counties Show at Bristol also for the Shropshire and West Midland Agricultural Society at Shrewsbury and for the Royal Agricultural Society of England at Derby. The checking and relabelling of the contents of Museum No. J. has been completed and other necessary work on the permanent collections taken in hand. Individual students and parties from schools have made good use of the Museums during the year. B fil Bia «iat in Jodrell Laboratory in 1921.—Mr. W. N. C. Belgrave studied the laticiferous tissue of certain rubber-plants, and investigated one or two cases of incipient “‘ brown-bast ” disease. Mr. L. A. Boodle examined the structure of specimens from Lime-trees showing swellings due to Mistletoe, and compared. the anatomy of camphor-yielding and oil-producing examples. of Cinnamomum Camphora. Dr. J. W. Munro and Mr. R. N. Chrystal carried out experi- ments on the fumigation of plants with hydrocyanic acid gas- with a view to controlling insect pests. B. Turrill made determinations of the chloride content. of a ieee: of samples of Thames water and of the water-supply of Kew Gardens, in connection with injuries to plants by salt. Prof. F. E. Weiss made some further observations on graft- hybrids. Presentations to the Library during 1921.—A presentation of great value and interest has been made to the library by Sir William T. Thiselton-Dyer. It consists of a collection of 201 original letters written to him by Sir J. D. Hooker, the first in April, 1870, and the last in December, 1909, thus covering a period of forty years. They will be prized because, as Sir William has remarked in a letter accompanying his gift, of the intimate picture they give of Sir Joseph himself; “his straight and unflinching fervour in the interests of science, and his extreme modesty.” Sir Joseph’s last letter in this collection is perhaps 40° the most interesting of all, for in it he records his personal recollections of Robert Brown. We are familiar with the estimate of Brown as a botanist, “* botanicorum facile princeps,”’ as expressed by Humboldt. Sir Joseph reveals some of his remarkable characteristics as a man. “Of all the friends I ever had,” he wrote, “he was the most persistently reticent, whether in conversation or correspondence.” Asa Gray (Letters, vol. i. p. 128) seems to have held the same opinion of Brown : “He is, as old Menzies told us, the driest pump imaginable.” Though Brown showed him kindness during his preparations for the voyage to the Antarctic Sir Joseph makes the startling confession: ‘‘ On my return he never asked me a single question about the Erebus, its captain or officers, or the places we had visited.” This appears the more extraordinary in view of the fact that, as naturalist to Flinders’ Expedition, Brown, about forty years before, had explored and collected in Tasmania, the scene of many important investigations by Hooker. Their impressions of the island and its people, and their common interest in its vegetation, might be supposed to have prompted many a question and remark when the two men met on Hooker's return, but Brown maintained a sphinx-like silence with regard to his own experiences and manifested no desire to learn anythin -of Hooker’s. We should imagine from the singular treatment that Hooker received from Brown that the latter, in spite of so much that was really great and amiable in his character, was small enough to regard the enthusiastic younger botanist with some jealousy. Darwin (Letiers, i. p. 7 3) observed that Brown was “‘ strangely jealous on some points.” The late Lady Hooker has presented a large Solldetion of typed matter comprising copies of Sir Joseph’s letters, journals and lectures, etc.; also 37 original notebooks of abs India un. and other travels. Among manuscripts received from Dr. W. Botting Hemsley are his notes for a Flora Seychellensis and for a supplement to the Biologia Centrali-Americana, and numerous letters written to him by Sir J. D. Hooker ; Dr. Hemsley has also presented some publications containing plates for the collection of drawings. Mr. J. F. Duthie has presented 122 letters, also by Sir J. Dy Hooker, written during the period 1875 to 1910. Three copies of Mr. Duthie’s Flora of the Upper Gangetic Plain, ete., vol. iii pt. 2, have reached the library from the Director of the Botanical Survey = India. This part includes the families Coniferae to Juncace In addition to the current issues of several serials and — periodicals, received in exchange for Hooker’s Icones Plantarum, the Bentham Trustees have presented a rare little volume by Baptista Fiera, which is sometimes quoted under the title: Coena : de cibariorum virtutibus ; it is undated, but it is believed that it was published in Rome about 1489. It is an octavo volume containing 29 leaves of text, which consists of Latin 41 verses dealing with the properties of various foods, many of which are of vegetable origin. The work is dedicated to Cardinal Rearius, and the recto of the first printed leaf bears 16 lines by Pomponius Laetus (1425-1498), the Italian humanist, celebrated in his day as a teacher, and regarded as the first head of a philological school. Dr. N. L. Britton has sent the four parts issued during the year of the North American Flora; and an interesting collection of 26 photographic postcards of views in the New York Botanical Garden has been received from Mrs. Britton Mr. aiden has continued to present the parts as issued of his great work: A critical revision of the genus Eucalyptus; no less than 6 parts (44-49) were received from him in 1921, in addition to pamphlets. Parts 65-68 of Mr. Maiden’s Forest Flora of New South Wales have been presented by the Honourable the Secretary of Agriculture, Sydney Prof. Hans Schinz has sent 3 more dissertations. They are ; Pflanzengeographische Beobachtungen auf einigen schweizerischen Hochmooren, etc., by G. Josephy; Pflanzengeographische Studien am Obertoggenburg, by M. Vogt; and De l’existence de variéiés hétéroploides de UHyacinthus orientalis L. dans les cultures hollandaises, by W. E. De Mol. From the Secretary of State for India have been received The Silviculture of Indian Trees, by R. 8. Troup, a fine workin 3 volumes, The English Factories in India, 1655-1660, by W. Foster, Report of the Indian Cotton Committee, 1919, The Botany of Bihar and Orissa, by H. H. Haines, part 2, and The Flora of the Presidency of Madras, by J. 8S. Gamble, part 4. A second copy of the last named has been presented by Mr. Gamble. The Delegates of the Press, Oxford, have presented 11 bound copies of the fifth supplement to the Index Kewensis, published in August last, and a copy of supplements 1—5, bound together, forming vol. iii. of the work Lieut.-Col. Sir David Prain’s presentations include Travaux du Laboratoire de Matiére médicale de la Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, tome xii., and the continuation of the Berichte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft and of the Bulletin de la Société de Botanique de France. Mr. W. J. Bean has presented gardening books by S. Mottet, W. Robinson and J. Weathers. A copy of Mr. Robinson’s Home landscapes, ed. 2, was presented by the author. Prof. A. Engler has sent wight zur Flora von Afrika, xxxvii-xlviii., reprinted from his Botanische Jahrbiicher, and Prot; 3, Fedde vols. iii-xiii. of his Cenarion Specierum novarum The Sticicey has received as in other years numerous publica- tions from botanical, agricultural and other public institutions in the British Colonies and Dominions, in India, and in foreign . countries, not already mentioned in this note. The Department 42 of Agriculture, Buitenzorg, the Agricultural and Forestry Depart- ments, and the Bureau of Science in the Philippine Islands, the Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa, the Division of Botany, Department of Agriculture, Union of South Africa, the United States Department of Agriculture and the Smithsonian Institution have very liberally contributed. The Director of the Arnold ae te has presented a copy of A monograph of Azaleas, by H. Wilson and A. Rehder, a from the Director of the New Yaak Agricultural Experiment Station Sturtevant’s Notes on edible plants, edited by Prof. U. P. Hedrick, has been received. The Controller of H.M. Stationery Office has supplied the library with a set of the Handbooks and Vocabularies compiled by the Geographical Section of the Naval Intelligence Division of the Admiralty, comprising 24 volumes; and Miss A. Lorrain Smith’s Handbook of the British Lichens has been presented by the Trustees of the British Museum. Under the direction of Dr. A. Chevalier 3 numbers, presented by him to the library, of a new Revue de Botanique appliquée et d’ Agriculture coloniale appeared during the year. The library is also indebted to Dr. Chevalier for a copy of his Eaploration botanique de lV Afrique francaise, tome i. A considerable number of original drawings of plants, mostly coloured, have been received. Lieut.-Colonel W. G. King has presented 10 albums containing 842 paintings of Madras and Burmese plants, the work of the late Mrs. King. This collection includes representations of many species of Cucurbitaceae, showing fruits. Colonel King has also sent to Kew vols. 2 to 6 of Wight’s Icones Plantarum Indiae orientalis and The Ferns of Southern India, by R. H. Beddome. A collection of 72 paintings and 8 pencil sketches of South African plants, by the late Mrs. F. G. Crossman, mounted in 3 albums, has been received from Captain Crossman. Messrs. F. Sander & Sons have presented an album of original drawings, chiefly dissections of the flowers of orchids, by H. G. Reichenbach, and with MS. lists of plants in cultivation at Kew, 1816-50, and other MS. and printed matter, Mr. R. J. A. Jackson has presented some original drawings of Banka plants by Dr. T. Horsfield. Mr. Jackson’s presentations were formerly the property of his father, the late Mr. J. R. Jackson, for many years Curator of the Museums, Kew. The Executors of the late Mr. R. B. Chapman have presented a manuscript index, compiled by Mr. Chapman, to Solereder’s Systematic anatomy of the Dicotyledons, translated by L. A. Boodle and F. E. Fritsch. The following have been received as presentations: Arbejder fra den botaniske Have i Kébenhavn, nos. 94-97, from the Botanical Botanica Survey of South A aie, Memoir no. 2, from the a Mr. R. D. Aitken and Mr. G. W. Gale, also from the Director 43 of the Survey, Dr. I. B. Pole Evans; M. T. Cook, College Botany, from the publishers, Messrs. Lippincott; E. B. Copeland, The Coconut, ed. 2, from the publishers, Messrs. Macmillan; E. De Wildeman, Contribution & Vétude de la flore du Katanga, from the Comité Spécial du'Katanga; The Flowering Plants of South Africa, edited by I. B. Pole Evans, vol. i. pts. 1-4, from Miss M. Smith; R. Kanehira, Anatomical characters and identification of Formosan woods, and ‘supplement, from the Bureau of Productive Industries, Government of Formosa; Malayan Science Bulletin, no: 1, from Mr. F. W. Foxworthy; K. Miyabe and Y. Kudo, Icones of the essential forest trees of Hokkaido, fasc. 1-4, from His Excellency the Governor of Hokkaido; The Orchid Review, vol. xxix., from the Editor, Mr. Gurney Wilson; K. Rangachari, A handbook of some South Indian grasses, from the Director of Agriculture, Madras; Recherches sur la répartition des plantes ligneuses croissant spontanément en Suisse, pts. 1-4, from the Secrétariat de l’Inspection fédérale des Foréts, @liaass et Péche, Berne; F. J. Smiley, A report upon the boreal flora of the Sierra Nevada of California (University of California Publications in Botany, vol. ix.), from the Manager of the University Press; “ F. Watts, An introductory manual for sugar growers, from Mr. J. H Holland; T. 8. Woolsey, jr., Studies in French forestry, from the publishers, Messrs. Foor oor & Hall; and J. H. Veitch, A traveller’s notes, from Mrs. R. A. Rolfe. Among others who have made presentations to the Library the following should be mentioned as the donors of books or papers by themselves or in a few cases of other publications :— Mr. R. D. Aitken, Dr. G. E. Anastasia, Dr. G. Antonelli (Calendario forestale italiano, 1921), Dr. L. H. Bailey (The principles of vegetable-gardening, ed. 18), Mr. S. N. Bal, Prof. J. W. Bews, Prof. P. A. van der Bijl (6 mycological papers), Dr. G- Bitter (5 papers), Miss C. G. Bitting . The effect of certain agents on the development of some moulds), Prof. 8. R. Bose, Mr. F. Bucholtz, Dr. W. Burns & Mr. 8. H. ieee (The book of the Mango), Prof. L. Buscalioni & Prof. G. Muscatello (Studio anatomo-biologico sul gen. Saurauia), Dr. E. Chiovenda (La culla del cocco), Messrs. W. G. Clarke & R. Gurney (Notes on the genus Utricularia, etc.), Dr. J. C. Costerus, Prof. A. X. Pereira one Prof. W. G. Craib (13 papers), Miss K. M. Curtis, Mr. C. (A discourse concerning the irritability of some flowers, by Dal Colvolo, eeu Mr. J. Burtt Davy (Map of Rhodesia), Mr. M. T-. Dawe, Mr. M. Denis, Mr. Paul Descombes (9 papers on afforestation), Prof. G. B. De Toni, Dr. E. De Wildeman, Mr. K. Dinter (Die vegetabilische Veldkost Deutsch-Siidwest- Afrikas), Mr. J. Doyle, Mrs. Elisabeth Ekman, Prof. A. J. Ewart (several sine by himself and his assistants), Prof. C. E. Fairman, Prof. P. F. Fyson (The flora of the N esi and Pulney hill tops, vol. iii); Mr. R R. Gestro, Mr. W. B. Grove (Monograph a4 1912, by H. Deistel, and a few publications relating to the Cameroons), Dr. B. P. G. Hochreutiner (34 papers), Mr. R. S. Hole; Dr. C. C. Hosseus, Dr. J. B. Hurry (Vicious circles in disease, ed. 3), Dr. J. Jeswiet (Beschrijving der soorten van het suikerriet, 8 parts), Col. H. H. Johnston, Mr. W. Jungman, Dr. Karl von Keissler, Mrs. Koorders (Botanisch overzicht der Rafflesiaceae, by the late Dr. S. H. Koorders), Mr. Lester-Garland, Mr. L. Lewin, Mr. C. G. Lloyd (several of his mycological writings), Mr. R. B. Loder (Some notes on a few of the old and remarkable oaks in England, typed), Capt. J. McDonald, Dr. C. Massalongo, Mr. W. R. Maxon, Mr. T. Nakai (Flora sylvatica koreana, pts. 9 & 10), Prof. 1. V. Novopokrovsky, Dr. C. H. Ostenfeld (Coniri- butions to West Australian Botany, part 3), Dr. B. Peyronel (several papers on ae pathology), Dr. H. Pfeiffer (Revision der Gattung Ficinia), Dr. E. P. Phillips, Mr. C. V. Piper (17 papers), Prof. 8. J. Record (papers on timbers), Mrs. Clement Reid, Prof. J. F. Rock (The Leguminous Plants of Hawaii), Mr. 8. Savage, Prof. J. H. Schaffner (14 papers), Dr. R. Schlechter, Dr. T. R. Sim (Native Timbers of South Africa, etc.), Dr. J. J. Smith, Dr. Otto Stapf (3 papers by Dr. Handel-Mazetti, and _ Prof. D. Thoday, Dr. G. B. Traverso, Prof. W. Trelease, Right Rev. M. N. Trollope, Bishop in Corea (Transactions of the Korea Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, containing his Arboretum coreense), Dr. H.W. T. Wager, Mr. C. T. White (31 papers, mainly on Queensland Botany, by himself and others), Prof. R. H. Japp (several papers from the Botanical Department of the University of Birmingham), and Dr. T. G. Yuncker (Revision of the N orth American and West Indian species of Cuscuta). Additions to the Herbarium during 1921.—During the year about 19,400 specimens were received as donations or exchanges and 8,002 purchased, while 4,032 were received on loan. The principal collections are enumerated below :— Evurope.—Presented: Britain; Cornwall, by Mr. Edgar Thurston; Orkneys, by Col. H. H. Johnston; Rubi collected by the late Rev. W. Moyle Rogers, by Archdeacon F. A. Rogers ; Finland, by the Helsingfors University Botanical. Museum; Spain, by Prince Roland Bonaparte ; Flora Rumaniae Exsiccata, cent. 1, by Prof. A. Borzi Purchased: Adr. isa & A. Béguinot, Flora Italica Exsiccata cent. 25-26; G. Briosi & F. Cavara, Funghi Parasiti, fasc. 181 Dr. F. Petrak, Fungi Polonici, fase. 1-18, Mycotheca Carpathica, a 1-8, Fungi Albani, fasc. 1-8, and Cirsiotheca Universa, asc. 1 ORIENT Poa Syria re B. T. Lowne) and Orient (coll. Balansa), by Mr. C. E. Salm Nortu Arrica.—Presented : East, by Mr. G. W. Grabham. 45 ‘HINA.—Presented: Kansu and North-Eastern Tibet, by the Rev. Frank D. Learner. Purchased: Prof. C. 8. Sargent, O. Schoch’s collection; Dr. H. Winkler, Dr. W. Limpricht’ S collection. Inp1a.—Presented: Bengal, by Mr. H. H. Haines; Assam, by Mr. R. 8. Hole; Chamba State by Mr. R. N. Parker; Tibet, by Lt.-Col. R. 8. Kennedy; Himalaya and Lahore, by Mr. B. Sahni. Mauay PENINSULA. — Presented: Various localities, by Mr. I. H. Burkill; Tahan and Kwala Lumpur (Coll. Seimund), by Mr. H. N. Ridley MALAYA. a Siam, by Dr. A. F. G. Kerr, Mr. A. Marcan and Mr. I. H. Burkill. Pailiggine rescay mosses by Mr. E. D. Merrill, and orchids by Prof. Oakes Am Purchased: Mrs. J. Clemens, Borneo, Mt. Kschciy AvustTraLia.—Purchased: W. A. Weymouth, Tasmanian mosses; Max Koch, Western Australia. - New ZEALAND.—Presented : Dr. L. Cockayne, seeds. Potynesia.—Presented : Fiji, by Mr. W. Greenwood. Tropicat ArricaA.—Presented: Gambia, by Mr. M. T. Dawe; Nigeria, by Mr. H. V. Lely and Mr. T. Laycock; Angola and. the Congo region, by Mr. J. Gossweiler; Belgian Congo, by Dr. E. De Wildeman and Mr. J. Burtt-Davy; Portuguese Congo, by Mr. M. T. Dawe; Abyssinia, by Mr. G. W. Grabham; Mombasa, by Mr. T. D. Maitland; Uganda, by Mr. C. H. Lankester; Tanganyika Territory, by Mr. A. Leechman; Portu- guese East Africa, by Mr. G. Coombes; Rhodesia, by Dr. 1. B Pole-Evans, Archdeacon F. A. Rogers, Mr. J. Burtt-Davy, Mr. A. Hislop, and Mr. H. G. Munday. Plants from Dr. H. L. Shantz’s expedition, by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Purchased: R. A. Dummer, A ae and British East Africa ; Dr. J. Mildbraed, Cameroons. MascarENE IsLtanps.—Presented: Mauritius, by Mr. H. A- Tempany. Soutn Arrica.—Presented: Transvaal, by Dr. I. B. Pole- Evans and Mr. J. Burtt-Davy; Griqualand West, by Miss M. Wilman; various localities, by Archdeacon F. A. Rogers. Norta America.—Presented: Trees and ate oe) by Prof. C. 8. Sargent; Washington State, by Mr. J. M. Gran Purchased: W.N. Clute, Arizona; B. F. Bush, Astinate CentraL AMERICA.—Presented: Mexico, by Mr. J. Gonzalez Ortega; British Honduras, by Mr. C. Hummel; Panama, by Mr. W. R. Maxon West InpDIEs. —Presented: Various islands, Dr. N. L. and Mrs. E. G. oe and Mr. W. Fishlock ; Danish West Indies, by Dr. F. Borgeso: Mr. Edgar Thurston, C.1E., has continued his investigation of the Cornish flora, and has presented the specimens collected 46 in 1920. A collection of Rubi made by the late Rev. W. Moyle Rogers, has been presented by his son, Archdeacon F. A. Rogers. The European herbarium formed by Miss E. A. Willmott, F.L.S. has been presented by her. Specimens collected in Syria by B. T. Lowne about 60 years ago have been presented by Mr. C. E. ae and supplement those already at Kew from the same collec The. plants of the Mount Everest Expedition have been deposited at Kew for identification. A collection from Kansu and Tibet by the Rev. Frank D. Learner contained the rare Gentiana striata, Maxim. Various plants collected by Mohamed Haniff, Mohamed Nur, Seimund and others in the Malay Peninsula have been received and are being used by Mr. N. N. Ridley for ee out at Kew his Flora of the Malay Peninsula. fA. G. Kerr and Mr. A. Marcan have continued to send ices plants, and additional material has been also furnished through the exertions of Mr. I. B. Burkill’s collectors. Philippine Island mosses have been presented by Mr. E. D. Merrill, and orchids from the same region by Prof. Oakes Ames. Mr. W. - Greenwood has continued his work in Fiji and sent his specimens Tropical Africa, as usual, has furnished a large proportion of the material received during the year. From the western side interesting collections from the Gambia, Naraguta, and Yoruba- land have been received from Mr. M. T. Dawe, Mr. H. V. Lel and Mr. T. Laycock. The Congo region has been explored by various collectors. Various consignments from Rhodesia have been received through Dr. I. B. Pole-Evans, C.M.G., from the Department of Agriculture, Pretoria, as well as from ‘the collectors enumerated — above. Dr. I. B. Pole-Evans has also supplied other collections from Africa south of the tropic. Mr. Burtt-Davy, who is working at Kew on the Transvaal flora, has presented specimens from that country as well as from other parts of Africa. Miss M. Wilman has continued to send plants from Griqualand West. Prof. C. 8. Sargent, LL.D., has presented a valuable collection of specimens of North American trees and shrubs. Mr. J. Gonzalez Ortega has communicated from the Sinaloa region of Mexico an interesting collection. which has furnished several novelties, including a new species of Amoreuxia. Dr. N. L. Britton has sent further instalments of specimens collected by himself and others in the West Indies. Nearly 2,000 specimens of Marine Algae from the Danish West Indies have been presented by Dr. F. Bérgesen. The Genera Plantarum.—Bentham & MHooker’s ‘Genera Plantarum ’ is, in detail, a series of monographs of the orders of Flowering Plants. While the whole work is indispensable in 47 Herbaria and Libraries, individual parts are sufficient for the needs of botanists working at groups or orders pomtaines) in those parts. Complete copies of the whole work are no longer evailable, This is also the case with vol. i but part 2 can be supplied. It contains all Calyciflorae except Connaraceae. Complete copies of vol. ii are all but exhausted but part 2 can be supplied. It contains the bulk of Gamopetalae except Compositae. Vol. iii is especially important, complete copies are available; part 1 comprises all the genera of Monochlamydeae and Gymnosperms; part 2 the whole of Monocotyledons. The monographs of Orchideae, Liliaceae, and Gramineae are of out- standing interest. The disposal of the whole of the remaining _ stock affords the opportunity of purchasing separate portions. a ee lant Collection from the Azores.—An interesting and valuable collection of Azores plants has recently been presented to Kew by Capt. G. A. Carew Hunt. This consists of about 600 specimens mostly collected in the island of St. Michael or San Miguel, Azores, by Capt. Carew Hunt’s grandfather, Thomas Carew Hunt, who was from 1844-48 H.B.M. Consul for the Azores. The specimens are in good condition, unmounted and laid between sheets of brown paper. The present set was stored, apparently for many years, in the warehouse of Messrs. Joseph Barber & Co., Ltd., and it is largely due to the interest and good offices of this firm’s Director, Mr. H. G. Pole, that the presentation was ultimately made to Kew. The package was addressed to the Botanical Society of London which became defunct in 1858 (see Druce in Rep. Bot. Soc. & Exch. Club, 1920, pp. 93-95). Carew Hunt’s Azores plants were worked out by H.C. Watson, who included them in papers published in Hooker’s London Journal of Botany, vol. ITI., 1844, p. 582, and vol. VI., 1847, p. 380, and in Godaman, “ The Azores,’ 1870. Mr. Carew Hunt himself published accounts of the islands of St. Mary and St. Michael in the Journ. of the Roy. Geogr. Soc. XV., 1845, p. 258, and included lists of plants. Among the new plants collected by Carew Hunt and . described by Watson there may be mentioned : Vicia Dennesiana, Petroselinum Seubertianum, Ammi Huntii, Seubertia azorica, and Campanula Vidaliti. Ammi Hunt is figr red in es “ Botanical Observations on the Azores,” in Ann. Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard, 1897, Plate 23. According to Watson (in Godaman, “Fhe Azores,” p. 262) Carew Hunt collected 375 species in the Azores, adding 67 species previously unrecorded from the islands, out of a then known total of 478 species of Phanerogams and Vascular Cryptogams. Wee, 48 Emmenopterys Henryi, Oliver.—This interesting tree was first discovered by Prof. A. Henry in China and was originally described by Oliver in Hooker’s [cones Plantarum, t. 1823. It was intro- duced to cultivation by E. H. Wilson in 1907 when collecting for the Arnold Arboretum. It is deciduous and is described by Wilson as attaining a height of 50 to 80 feet, with a trunk up to 9 or 10 feet in girth. The leaves are opposite, oval or ovate, tapered towards both ends, the larger ones 8 in. long by 4 in. inflorescence is a terminal flattish corymbose panicle, as much as in. wide and 6 to 8 in. high. Corolla white, 1 in. wide, the base funnel-shaped, dividing at the top into five rounded spreading lobes. The calyx ordinarily is small, only } in. long with five roundish lobes; but-on a certain proportion of the flowers one lobe of the calyx becomes remarkably enlarged and develops into a large white-stalked oval “ bract,” the largest as much as 2 in. long by 14 in. wide. According to Wilson these bracts persist and change to pink as the fruits ripen. A plant was obtained for Kew from the Coombe Wood Nursery in 1913 which has been grown out-of-doors without protection ever since and has not yet been injured by cold. Mr. Wilson, who found it near Ichang at from 2000 to 4000 feet altitude, was rather surprised when last at Kew by its hardiness. He describes it as “‘ one of the most strikingly beautiful trees of the Chinese forests,’’ and it is evidently a tree well worth a trial in the milder parts of our islands. The extraordinary development of one of the calyx lobes very much resembles the large showy bracts seen in Schizophragma, and the large trusses of these combined with the Luculia-like flowers must be remarkably handsome. The largest plant at Kew is a bush about 7 feet high and it may be some time before we see its blossoms. The genus, which belongs to the Natural family Rubiaceae, is monotypic and is most closely allied to Luculia. The family to which it belongs is but sparsely represented among hardy trees and shrubs. Wide Bs Printed under the authority of His Masgsty’s STATIONERY OFFICE By Eyre and a Ltd., East Harding Street, E.C. 4, Printers to he King’s most Excellent. Majesty. [Crown Copyright Reserved. ] ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW. BULLETIN MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. No. 2] _ [1922 ‘VIII.—SIR JOHN KIRK. By the lamented death of Sir John Kirk, G.C.M.G., K.C.B., F.R.8., M.D., LL.D., D.Sc., D.C.L., &. on January 15th, 1922, in his 90th year, Kew has lost a most valued friend, keenly , interested in many branches of botanical science. For some sixty four years Sir John Kirk was in correspondence with Kew and he was a frequent visitor to the Gardens and the Herbarium whenever he was in England. By his presentations of large collections of Herbarium specimens of the Flora of East and Central Africa, Zanzibar and the Somali Coast, by many gifts of living plants of great interest to the Gardens and by valuable collections of economic products to the Museums from East Africa, &c., he enriched the National Collections at Kew to an extent that was almost unprecedented. The large and varied collection of economic products contributed between the years 1858 and 1891 included a valuable and complete series of specimens illustrating the Zanzibar Copal Industry (1868-70); specimens of ‘Buaze’ (Securidaca longepedunculata)—fibre and fish-nets made from same from the Zambesi (1860), Baobab (Adansonia digitata)—fibre with net used for catching large game, East Africa (1860); wheat from Tette (1860) and a series of Flax (Linum usitatissimum) specimens from Scotland (1858). Some further particulars of some of the East African contributions are given below, together with a list of the plants contributed to the Gardens. Sir John was the second son of the Rev. John Kirk of Arbirlot, and was born at Barry near Arbroath on December 19th, 1832. His earliest study was Botany, but he chose Medicine as his profession and, entering the University of Edinburgh before he was 15, graduated as M.D. and L.R.C.S. in 1854. This year saw the outbreak of the Crimean War and Kirk with other young Edinburgh graduates joined the Civil Medical Staff and served in @ (78)17117 Wt 31—P 20 1000 3/22 E&S A 50 Turkey and the Dardanelles. When there he found time to keep up his botanical work and made some excursions into the interior of Anatolia. The numerous plants he was able to collect are — preserved in the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Garden, Edin- burgh. On his return to England at the end of the War, in 1857, his long and valuable correspondence with Kew commenced. - His earliest letters preserved at-Kew are dated Oct. 17th and Nov. 12th 1857 from Arbroath. It is clear that he ntust have been in correspondence with Sir William Hooker before that date but unfortunately any, earlier correspondence there may have been does not exist. 17th Oct. 1857. Dear Sir, ave been for some time residing in the-centre of the Flax Manufactures. If your Museum is not already supplied with specimens of the various qualities of the manufactured and prepared article I.shall have much pleasure in supplying them. The Muscari concerning which we took the liberty of consulting you when in London has turned out to be quite a new species . to which Dr. Playne Armitage and I have given the name of M. latifolium. : I have been busy with my Syrian collection but it is little I can do in the country without books and Herbarium. Dr. Parkes has inserted a list of the plants collected at Renkiri [Renkioi] in his Hospital Report. Believe me, sincerely yours, (signed) JOHN ene, 12th Noy. 1857. Dear Sir, I beg to acknowledge receipt of your letter relative to the specimens of Flax. I have now obtained the different qualities and shall soon have the material showing the various stages of manufacture. - Dr. Balfour has advised me to apply for a omic in one of the Canadian Schools as teacher of Natural nce. Should you consider me fitted for such an ni I trust you will not think me too bold in requesting you to grant me a few lines to that effect. Believe me, ear Sir Your most obedt. Servant, (signed). Jonn Kreg, M.D. _P.S.—I send ‘ few Photographs which I took in the East: I. Valonea oak (Quercus Aegilops) Renkiri, Dardanelles,1856, _ IL. Group of Valonea. Q. Aegilops, Dardanelles. ‘51 II. Pinus Pinaster, Renkiri. This is the same as covers the whole of the Ida range and furnishes fine timber. IV. Cupressus horizontalis,; Kuzhiri, Dardanelles. These letters show that he was keenly interested in matters of Economic Botany and also the extent to which he had been able to devote his leisure moments to the study of the Syrian flora during his Service in the Crimean campaign. He was appointed assistant physician at the hospital at Renkioi in the Dardanelles and found time for excursions into the interior of Anatolia. Writing to Sir William Thiselton-Dyer on October 14, 1915, it is of interest to quote the final paragraph of his letter with reference to the Dardanelles campaign. ‘‘ What a muddle we are making— I was over a year on the Dardanelles some 60 years ago and knew we could do nothing there but lose men.” t was on his return from the Crimea that the chance came to “him to accompany Livingstone on his Zambesi Expedition and led to his becoming one of the most famous and distinguished Colonial servants that the British Empire has known. The story is—and we believe it to be true—that on the day after his return from the Crimea he met Prof. John Hutton Balfour in Queen Street, Edinburgh, who offered him the appointment of Naturalist to Livingstone’s second Expedition. Kirk with that eagerness and impetuosity which was so characteristic of him replied ‘ start to-morrow,’! Whether Prof. Balfour’s invitation was due to the instance of Sir William Hooker or more probably Report for the year 1857 (p. 4) that “ Dr. Kirk, about to start with Dr. Livingstone as Naturalist, studied in the Botanical Library and Herbarium for a length of time in preparation for foreign travel.’’ The Expedition left England in March 1858 and for five eventful years Kirk was Chief Officer—the second in command having resigned at the outset—and the “tried and valued associate ” of Livingstone. The Expedition went by way of Sierra Leone and the Cape and the following letter from Kirk was written to Sir Joseph Hooker on April 30th, 1858 in Simon’s Bay on board the 8.8. “ Pearl.” ‘My dear Dr. Hooker, You will be glad to hear of the safe arrival of Dr. Living- stone and party at this port. We have made a good passage but in a small ship such as this we have of course had a good shaking. At Sierra Leone we remained for six days and I made a small collection of plants and of other specimens, such of these as I have been able to preserve under the disadvantageous circumstances I send off from here. The only Zoological specimens worth anything are the two bottles of jumping fish, I caught them a good way up the river, running about out of the water on the mud. A2 . 52 They go along at a good rate and can make a jump of 14 feet or more. They retreat, when disturbed, to holes. It was not very easy to capture them as they kept to the wet mud left beyond the Mangroves at low water. I examined the islands up the creeks to the north of Sierra Leone during an excursion of three days. As all this time was spent among Mangroves and mudbanks and the heat very great, never under 85°, E found considerable difficulty in preserving specimens, and I looked on it as of more importance for me to examine and dissect than to preserve, most of the plants of the district being already in England. I send you two cases. Such vegetable products as I obtained I have tried to connect with the plants yielding them, but I found that extreme caution was requisite before receivirig native testimony. May Ist. I shall send — you full details from Tete by the “ Pearl’ on her return. We are off sooner than I expected. I have been engaged in the Cape with Dr. Pappe. I have sent you the two boxes of specimens by the “ Castor.” I hope they reach safely. In great haste. Remember me kindly to your Brother. Yours very sincerely, (signed) JoHN Kirk. While in East Africa-with Livingstone, Kirk sent long and very interesting letters to Kew dealing not only with the Botany of Tropical Africa, but with the Geology, Mineral Resources and. Geography of the country. They cannot unfortunately be reproduced in extenso here, but the following extracts relating more especially to his Botanical activities show his keen interest as a Naturalist and his activity as an observer. On the Zambesi he enjoyed very good health, and it is remarkable, despite the time that had to be given to medical work on behalf of members of the Expedition, the amount of time he was able to devote to scientific studies. In those early days transport was difficult and very uncertain, We learn from one of his letters that he once had five cases of specimens packed for a year before they could be despatched. The vessel they used to explore the Zambesi, the “‘ Pioneer,” was most unsatisfactory. Writing to J. D. Hooker in December, 1860, from the Zambesi between Tette and Senna, he says :—‘‘ The plants I have sent will give a very good idea of the Flora of the Zambesi and the Manganja highlands, but the latter being explored on foot, the collections were limited, as people are not easily got to carry things and on journeys of geographical discovery the preservation of specimens is a hard task, The miserable state of the vessel, overrun with all sorts of vermin, has kept me from consulting my plants once they have been dried. She is in a bad state, with more holes than sound iron in the bottom. We keep the fires in by constant pumping with the aid of a few buckets, but once a day we commonly have to stop to fill up some big hole. 53 Describing a pas in canoes down a narrow gorge with a swift current, he wrote :—‘‘ My canoe, having the best boatmen, passed safely, and we were ready to save Dr. Livingstone whom no one thought could escape, as his canoe got into a strong whirl- pool; while we looked at him for a moment, forgetting ourselves, our canoe was dashed with great force against the perpendicular rocks and instantly upset. In such a place it was not easy to save ourselves and the others could give little assistance.” ‘Fortunately Dr. Livingstone’s canoe escaped .. . and by good luck one of my men got hold of a small rock and kept my canoe from going down the stream, in which case we should have had no chance. I was sucked under her by the current, but got up on a small corner of rock where I could just stand. One of the other canoes then came up to us and we got to a place where it was possible to climb up. In this unlucky accident my plants, notes drawings etc. all went with the exception of a few plants which I seized as they were about to sink. On getting out I found myself gine of the shirt on my back, a rifle and Lindley’s ‘Vegetable Kingdom,’ with a long weary march before us to Tette, all clothes bedding etc. gone. However the plants I have saved are those from the Victoria Falls, so we have something new even out of this wreck. I am in a very unfit state for a journey now, without barometer, thermometer, lenses and surgical instruments, all of which went down the rapids, along with the chronometer, which will a Greenwich time in some quiet pool fifteen fathoms deep.” Describing the climate of the Zambesi, Kirk writes :—‘‘ When we come to the ascent of the Batoka hills it is very different. The river valley there is 1000 feet above the sea-level while the hills are from 3000 to 4000 feet. After making the ascent of 1000 feet above the valley, we find an entirely new Flora, the climate becomes quite changed and one feels quite invigorated. In the valley there is a constant sleepiness which acts very injuriously on Europeans but of which they become insensible after some time, and the change is only perceived on going to some healthy country such as this when the marked difference is at once felt.”’ “The whole of the southern slope of these highlands is well wooded and reminded me much of the Manganja hills, but being much less humid there was a want of the many rich-coloured herbs which adorn the latter country.” ‘“*We had some very cold nights on these slopes and the thermometer was observed on one stream bed at 25° and ice ‘formed near the edge, at a short distance up the hills the tempera- ture was above freezing. On the table lands the air was not so cold at night while even during the day the sun never felt op- pressively hot. This was the cold season, but during the heat of September and October, previous to the rains, the air becomes much hotter than at the coast, and during our return crossing these highlands we had the mercury in the shade at 102° with a difference of 40° between the dry and wet bulbs.” 54. Exploring the Rovuma River for a route to Lake Nyassa he speaks of the dangers from the natives :—“ On the lower part no trade exists; the people are robbers who sport men’s heads on poles when they can get them. They would have done the same with us but found that we could give them more than they cared for. Some of their arrows went near us, and four musket balls passed through one of the boat’s sails, but when two of their number fell to our first shots they made off and never troubled us more, nor had we a chance of giving them a better lesson. We stood a great deal of nonsense from them in the first place, even allowing them to fire at us without returning it, but when it came to 20 yards practice it was rather too dangerous. Confined to our boats among such people, I have made almost no collection.”’ His descriptions of the vegetation on the banks of the Zambesi are graphic and instructive. Writing to Sir William Hooker in February 1860, he says —‘‘I hope you will receive the entire collection made on the bank of the Zambesi between the sea and Tette, and also that on the river Shire and among the Manganja hills to the north extending as far as S. Lat. 14° 25’. This country offers considerable diversity of climate and position. That of the sea coast is damp, abounding in trees of the Mangrove and vicennia and others inhabiting the soft mud of tropical coasts, at the distance of a few miles up the mouths of the river, these become replaced by a more varied forest of Pandanus and Bdrringtonia while there are many open spots covered with a dwarf variety of the Hyphaene and the Date Palm, with a large bush, a species of Strychnos, whose fruit. is acid, the pulp in which the seeds are imbedded being quite wholesome although the seeds themselves are apt to cause pain and vomiting. There is another fruit tree of. the order Clusiaceae EES, called ‘ Motsami” which grows both at the sea coast and i * The coast vegetation ine only about 10 miles up the river; there the mud banks disappear, their place being taken by sand, and instead of the forest we find extensive grass lands. The Delta may be said to reach as far as Mazaro where the river, which flows to the town of Quilimane, is given off, it is not a branch of the Zambesi, as it is only when in high flood that the water of the Zambesi passes through it; during the greater- part of the year it is quite dry. The Portuguese say that in former times they could pass by it at all seasons, if so there has been a great change taking place.’ “These delta lands are low and feverish, but we have hal observed fevers such as are described on the rivers of the West Coast of Africa, and when seized and taken early they have been easily removed. Quinine seems to us to be of no service in preventing, although it is most useful in curing these fevers.” “This large extent of land from Quilimane to the Kongone on the coast and islands as far as Mazaro is well suited for cotton, sugar-cane and rice; wheat is grown, but of inferior quality. Cotton once introduced propagates itself and when not burned. 55 down with the grass becomes a perennial bush. There are two species of it in the country, one named ‘ Jonje Kaja’ or native cotton, seems to have been the plant first known, but there is no evidence of it but as cultivated or as having escaped from former plantations; the fibre of this adheres strongly to the seed and cannot be removed completely ; it resembles wool, being coarse and stiff; the staple is short, and the Plant yields much less than the other species the ‘ Tonje Manga’ (Gossypium hirsutum, Linn.] or Foreign Cotton. The name indicates that it is from abroad, probably having come with the Arabs. Some of the varieties of this are of excellent quality and would at once draw a high price in England. I have seen some of it an inch in length; it grows readily and near where we are now, it is to be found growing uncared for and of fine quality neverthe- less. It is to be found on the Zambesi as far as we have been (that is 60 miles beyond Tette). It is grown on the Shire and in the lands to the north as far as Lat. 16° S.; beyond this it is replaced by the ‘ Zonje Kaja’ which is found in the other basta also, We do not meet with it again until we reach Lat. 15° S when it becomes more frequent as we approach the sduene: end of the Lake Nyassa, which is the line of trade between the coast to the north of Mozambique and the interior of Londa “‘ Sugar-cane was cultivated in the Delta by the Portuguese in former times, and a little is grown by the natives and refugees who now inhabit these parts. No doubt the soil is well sui for it. At present the rich lands of the Delta are almost” ag a having been destroyed by war and the slave trade.” “In many parts there is evidence of former settlements, the Mango trees and Cocoa-nuts still remaining. The white Guava [Psidium Guayava, Linn. var.] has become wild throughout the forest beyond the pun ab and the fruit is gathered yearly and sent to the Portuguese towns.” “From Mazaro to Lupata, where for the first time the Zambesi is narrowed by rocks, the hills come down near to the river in the upper part beyond Senna, while below this the country is like that of the Delta, covered with gigantic grasses which exclude other vegetation. From there the forests which cover the interior come down near to the banks, This intermediate district is very rich and yields a considerable proportion of the food used by the settlements in the neighbourhood,” - “The estate of Shupanga possesses the great forests from which the large canoes are obtained, some of these cut out from a single trunk, 36 feet long and 5 feet beam, cost £70 each; the forests are at some distance off and I have not been able to reach them ~. “In the same locality the India-rubber plant [Landolphia Kirkii] is abundant; it is a climber with rough bark and woody stem. The fruit is eatable. The gum [rubber] is collected by the people and employed in a few domestic articles such as and mixed with oil as a cement; with a little care in 56 gathering it might become an important article of commerce; the plant is abundant and the trouble of collecting very small. The surface of the bark is cut off until the inner is reached, when, after a few punctures have been made, the milky juice runs out and being removed by the finger and applied to the skin of the body dries instantly; by a repetition of this process a thin cake is formed and rolled up in a ball to which the fresh layers are successively applied. At the season when I saw it gathered there was no troublesome drying required.” ** Between Senna and Shupanga on the north left hand bank of the river a few hills of quartz and trap come down to the water edge. They are the southern extremity of hilly country extending north and a little west of which Moramballa is the only mountain of considerable size; to the west of these hills and at the western slope of Moramballa the River Shire flows to join the Zambesi,— near Shamwara hill. Among these hills the ‘ Buaze’ plant [Securidaca longepedunculata, Fres.] is abundant; it is a bush with erect stem sometimes 4 inches in diameter and 12 feet high but oftener of smaller size. It gives off above a number of slender twigs, which may be cut annually for the sake of the fibrous bark; by this process the plant is not injured. I have sent dissections of the flower of this plant home among the collection of drawings. It seems to be a new genus of the Polygalaceae. The seed contains a drying oil which might be -used for the same purpose as linseed oil. Among the woods you will find the stem of the ‘ Buaze’; it is remarkable from including layers of fibrous bark at intervals imbedded between the woody zones. For the growth of the ‘ Buaze,’ little care is required ; it germinates easily and grows in rocky grounds which would serve for little else. It is nowhere cultivated, but the people make fishing nets of it such as I sent you by the Lynx | gunboat in December “* Between ae and Tette and as far as Kelrabassa, the banks of the Zambesi are high and rocky, the climate is more healthy, but the cultivable lands not so extensive.” “Here the wheat is grown which supplies the province; it is sown in holes during the cold season. It can only be grown in places which have been under the influence of the river when in flood as there is no rain then to supply moisture.”’ “* In damp places sugar-cane is cultivated, and sugar extracted from it by a rude mill, the crushing of the cane is effected in such an imperfect manner that the sugar always possesses a dis- agreeable flavour which depends entirely on faulty manufacture.” “The cultivation and produce of sugar might be made a highly profitable business in these parts, as also throughout the whole country from the sea upwards. In the rich valleys among the mountains of Kelrabassa, cotton is grown for native use; it is of both sorts, but the ‘ Tonje Manga’ is the more common; it is grown on perennial bushes, which are pruned yearly and 57 shoot up even after being burned down. This ey from Shupanga to Kelrabassa is well stocked with fine wo “In waste ground near the settlements of Shupanga, Senna and Tette, the Indigo plant [Indigofera tinctoria, Linn.] grows wild, but the people are quite unacquainted with its phe at Shupanga it is often 5 feet high and I have made indigo from ‘the leaves which seemed to be good, considering the small scale on which it was made.” “The Borassus palm [Borassus flabellifer, Linn.] with stem 80 feet high bears a long cluster of fruits, the yellow fulvous pulp surrounding the three seeds is agreeable when ripe and much eaten by the elephants. The Hyphaene palm has a fruit resem- bling that of the Doum of Egypt, from which I do not feel quite satisfied that it differs materially; at the coast this palm is a small bush or with only a short stem which is frequently divided dichotomously ; in the upper parts it is much higher, being 30 feet, and I have not observed this variety branching. I can find no specific distinction however between these two forms [probably the same—Hyphaene thebaica, Mart.].”’ On his return from the Zambesi in 1863, Kirk spent some time at Kew working on his collections and in January, 1866, he was appointed Acting Surgeon to the Political Agency at Zanzibar. His administrative abilities led to his being made Vice-Consul in 1867, and in the following year Assistant Political Officer. In April 1873 he became Agent and Consul-General and held that Office until his retirement in 1887. During his twenty-one years of service in Zanzibar, Kirk was in constant correspondence with Kew and his letters to Sir William, and Sir Joseph Hooker and later to Sir William Thiselton- -Dyer contain much information about the vegetation and products of East Tropical Africa. He investigated the source of the different grades of the valuable East African Copal, Trachylobium Hornemannianum, Hayne, of which, as already mentioned, he sent excellent specimens of the gum and tree. Great quantities of the Copal were at that time dug by the natives of the mainland, being the remains of ancient forests of this tree. The following is an extract from one of his letters to J. D. Hooker on this subject dated Zanzibar, 20 March, 1868 :— “While enjoying a little relaxation and a the fresh air for a few days on the African mainland. . . I met with ‘one or two things worthy of note which will prove of interest to you, being supplemented by specimens. . The spot we selected for our holiday was opposite the southern end of Zanzibar island, where we could remain at anchor in a large oe creek which there furnished a natural harbour. The te sea-edge is lined with Mangrove vegetation ere a of Avicennia, Sonneratia, Rhizophora, Bruguiera iera, etc., the last yi the well known Zanzibar ‘ Benti’ re rafters on which the flat roofs of the mere are supported. A few paces from the B @ UTS 58 water edge the ground rises suddenly to a height of 30 feet, whence a flat plain extends inland to the foot of the coast ridge, distant perhaps 20 miles. The section of this flat maritime plain consists of sand, gravel, vegetable mould and clay, some- times with beds of water-worn pebbles, and such is the surface of the soil too, unless where hollows have accumulated dark soil, the produce of many seasons and rotting marsh vegetation.”’ “ This coast fringe of Eastern Africa is obviously a sea beach left by the receding waters as this point of the continent was slowly upheaved. The first coast range is the landward limit of this sand formation, which varies in width from 20 to 100 miles, ‘the latter width being only met with in what are now river valleys, as on the Rovuma, where the sandy gravel extends far inland having on either side older strata.”’ “The vegetation along the creek of Dar-es-Salam, where we were, consisted of many curious and to me unknown bushes, with heavy timber scattered here and there. Among the latter was the Trachylobium mossambicense,* Klotzsch, distinguished by its rounded head of glossy leaves with white groups of flowers projecting from the points of the branches. This is the *M’Sandarusi’ (Tree of Copal) of the natives, and from it one variety of Copal is obtained. On examining the tree more closely, the trunk and main limbs were seen to be covered with the clear resinous exudation, now brittle and hard; from the upper branches it dropped down on the ground below, but not in a fluid state. To judge by the appearance it presented I should say that the resin dries and hardens after being exuded but must be easily broken off by violence. Pieces of various tint and presented a smooth polished exterior quite free of any pitting r ‘ goose-skin’ known in all kinds dug up from the ground. This sort is known in trade as ‘ Sandarusi-ya-su’ti,’ or ‘ Copal from the tree.’ It is exported in considerable quantity to India but not to Euro “ Having thus ‘established the source of one sort of Copal to be the Trachylobium and transmitted the resin with full herbarium specimens of flower and fruit, which if I mistake not are to this day desiderata in all our collections, let me briefly state my reasons for thinking that in this we have the source of the oldest anzibar copal, the semi-fossil or bituminized resin known in the English market as ‘ Animi,’ and which is the most valuable of all resins for the manufacture of varnish, exceeding anything produced on the west coast for hardness, elasticity and polish. There are three distinct kinds of Copal in the Zanzibar trade, subdivided by merchants into many classes according to colour, orm, surface, and the other peculiarities known to those in the trade and affecting the value variously in different markets. First we have ‘Sandarusi-ya-su’ti,, Tree Copal; secondly ‘ Chakazi,’ or copal dug from the soil but modern (seemingly) t in * Trachylobium Hornemannianum, Hayne (Leguminoseae). 59 origin and obtaining a price like that of the former quality; the third is the true ‘Sandarusi,’ like the second dug up from the soil but hard, less soluble, and more than twice the value. This last forms by far the greatest part of Zanzibar Copal, the export of which has sometimes reached 800,000 lbs., or a value of £60,000.” if Prackglobliem sins siinbaewss is found along the coast between 3° and 15° South latitude, but it is not common between Cape Delgado and Mombasa.* It occurs along the creeks and on the maritime plain or old sea beach, but becomes very rare at a little distance inland, and quite unknown long before the change in geological structure offers an explanation for its absence. It requires the near presence of the sea for its growth and dies when far removed from its influence.” Dr. Kirk goes on further to describe in considerable detail the varieties of copal, and states that the most valuable, the ‘Animi’ of the English markets, is undoubtedly the produce of former forests of T'rachylobium mossambicense, present in a fossil state all along the ancient sea-beach, some places being richer than others, and certain soils indicating good ‘ diggings.’ Dr. Kirk searched for portions of leaves or flowers of the T'rachylobium amongst the fossil copal, but never succeeded in obtaining any specimens. The Kew Reports from 1857 to 1882 contain in almost every year references to specimens and plants sent to Kew by Sir John Kirk, at first from East Africa, and later from the Seychelles, Comoro Islands, Zanzibar and the Somali Coast. In the Report for the year 1861 it is recorded that large additions were made to the Herbarium from “ Eastern Tropical of Dr. Livingstone.” During the year 1862 ‘Plants and drawings ” were received from him from the Livingstone Expedi- tion and in the next years live plants were sent by Dr. Kirk “collected during Dr. Livingstone’s expedition, and others in the Seychelle and Comoro Islands, ete. including Fruit of the Double Cocoa-nut.” In the same report Dr. Kirk’s return to England in October 1863 is recorded and he came at once to Kew and was “ engaged i in the investigation of his large and valuable eollections, both in the Museum and Herbarium.” In 1864 cases of living plants he had collected in East Africa and the Seychelles reached Kew as well as valuable ee to the collections in the Herbarium, and in 1865 Nyasa Plan Most of Kirk’s herbarium specimens are sioconupabads a valuable notes and excellent pencil and coloured sketches showing habit and floral details. A large number, besides those lost in . the rapids, went astray. They were sent home in a Man-of-War, and though conspicuously addressed to Kew, the cases were not discovered until 1883 in a Dockyard Store. They were then what Kirk says here it is unlikely that the roe is now entirely ilaieas as ss tated in the ‘Encyel. Brit. ed. 11. vii. 94 (191 0). B2 60 delivered intact and the contents were found to be in an excellent state of preservation In 1867 the first consignment of Herbarium specimens from Dr. Kirk from Zanzibar was received and in the Kew Report for the year 1868 the receipt of “ a very valuable Zanzibar Herbarium”’ from Dr. Kirk is recorded. : The next record of interest is in the Report for the year 1872 :— * Kirk, J., H.B.M.V. Consul, Zanzibar; various new and most interesting plants.”’ In 1873 Dr. Kirk contributed Herbarium specimens from Zanzibar and the Somali Coast and in 1877 we find his attention again directed to Landolphia as a source of India rubber :— “The district called Mungao extends from lat. 9° 25’ to Delgado in lat. 10° 41’. This last year yielded £90,000 worth of india-rubber—an industry that has been created in the last two years by my representations. This year the yield will be more, and other places are now collecting it. Thus Kilwa and Mombasa will this year probably double the supply, which I anticipate will reach in value not less than £180,000 worth of india-rubber, East Africa to the south, that is from Delgado — Bay to the Zambesi, is producing it as well. I must try to get the plant introduced into India, for the quality is excellent, and grown in the coast jungles would be an addition to the sources _ of wealth.” Kirk’s attention to a native East African Rubber tree was — drawn by his seeing a native boy playing with an elastic ball, which he found was made of caoutchouc. He traced the plant from which it was obtained and so started the East African Rubber Trade (K.B. 1896, p. 81; Kew Report 1880) and incident- ally that of the West Coast. In 1882 he showed specimens of Landolphia and balls of rubber from East Central Africa at the Linnean Society. During the year 1879 Dr. Kirk sent to Kew three Wardian Cases from Zanzibar containing “ Euphorbia sp., Hypoxis villosa, seedling and other Landolphias, Meyenia sp., Keramanthus Kirkit, Musa Livingstoniana, Actiniopteris radiata, Pellaea Doniana and other ferns, Aroideae, Chlorophytum macrophyllum, Angraecum sp., and other orchids; seeds of Landolphia.”’ In 1880 his activities and interests were again directed towards distributing the Copal tree, Trachylobium Hornemannianum, see of which he had sent to Natal some five years earlier. He was also interested in the Mpafu Tree of-Tropical Africa (Canarium Schweinfurthii, Engl.), and on p. 50 of the Report for 1880 some interesting particulars are given about this tree On a short trip up the Somali Coast he gathered some very peculiar and interesting types of plants. But for his energy, East Africa would have been poorly represented in the pages of the first three volumes of the Flora of Tropical Africa, a large number of new species having been described from his material, whilst over a hundred commemorate his name either as Kirkit or Kirkiana, including the genus Kirkia, Oliver 61 (Simarubaceae), and the important East African rubber vine, Landolphia Kirkii, Dyer. A list of living plants introduced by Kirk from East Africa, some particulars of the garden he founded in Zanzibar, and his opinion on the advisability of establishing botanic stations in that region will be found in the Kew Bulletin, 1896, pp. 80-86, where also it is stated that almost every economic production of East Africa has at one time or another received attention from Sir John Kirk, _ Besides his botanical work, he was an active member of the Royal Geographical Society and numerous notes and sketch- -maps y are to be found in the volumes of Proceedings and in the Journal of that Society. ohn Kirk’s political achievements this is not the place to speak in detail, but it should not be forgotten that the practical suppression of the Slave Trade in East Africa was due almost entirely to his persistent efforts. The first living contribution to Kew from Dr. Kirk was a parcel of seeds on March 3rd, 1860. After this regular con- signments of plants and seeds of many kinds were received, the total number recorded being 75. Sir John was equally zealous with respect to the introduction of plants of economic interest to Zanzibar and to the mainland, and many Wardian cases and packages were despatched from Kew at his request. The following i is a list of some of the plants received from him and it is of interest to record that no less than seventeen of his introductions were figured in the Botanical Magazine. Aloe brachystachys (Bot. Mag. t. 73 ie Kirkii (Bot. Mag. t. 7386). pendulifiora. Clerodendron cephalanthum Mag. t. 7922). Clerodendron macrosiphon (Bot. Mag. t. 6695). Cri (Bot. um Bainesii. », Hildebrandtii (Bot. Mag. t. 6709). rinum Kirkii (Bot. Mag. t. 6512). Dioscorea spp. meee oor gy Kirkii (Bot. Mag, t. 276). Site gh Car Hildebrandtii (Bot. Mag. t. 8592-3). Quartinianus (Bot. Mag. - & Clotiown spp. or SEDs Fbise plane (Bot. Mag. t. 24). aestr Kirkii. Impatiens Oliveri Bee's Pag ‘ iy ultani. (Bot. Mag. 6643). Keramanthus Kirkii (Bot. Mag. t. 271). Kniphofia Kirkii. Landolphia spp. Monodora Myristica (Bot. Mag. t. 3059). Musa Livingsto $s Schtardiea Go. PI. t. 1777). Neobenthamia gracilis (Bot. Mag. t. 7221). Ochna Kirkii. Orchids Palms. Pandanus spp. Polystac Ache Kirkii. Sansevieria Kirkii (Bot. Mag. t. 7357). Stapelia Reephec ths Kom Tacca ak ae ye Mag. t. oculcas Boivinii (Bot. Mag. t. 6026). ab Loddigesii (Bot. Mag. t. 5985). 62 He was always keenly alive to anything of exceptional interest. Impatiens Sultani was raised at Kew from a capsule of seed he put in his waistcoat pocket. The discovery of Encephalartos Hildebrandtii in 1868 (see K.B. 1918, p. 127), was one of his most valuable finds and he took much trouble to secure fine living specimens for Kew, which are still flourishing in the Palm House. The living plants were accompanied by his own photographs of the plant and drawings from his own hand. His last striking addition to the living collections was Crinum natans in 1895, when acting as special Commissioner to Nigeria whence he brought home several plants. Sir John as might be expected was not only interested in the introduction of new and interesting plants to Kew, but was a keen gardener himself and he maintained at his own expense a fine experimental garden at Zanzibar (K.B. 1892, p. 87), which is fortunately still maintained by Miss C. D. M. Thackeray, the present owner. Many of the trees and shrubs planted by Sir John have reached large dimensions and Miss Thackeray in 1915 sent full particulars to Kew about some of the more interesting trees. Sir John, to whom a copy.of the letter was sent, wrote, “Is it possible that the Mahogany seed I planted is now a tree _ 8 ft. in circumference ..... I wish I might again visit the place and see the result of my work. I have visited Zanzibar twice since I retired—the last time about ten years ago when I went to inspect the Uganda Railway, of the Commission for the Construction of which by the Foreign Office, I was Chairman.” It was when in Uganda on this occasion that he collected seed of Impatiens Oliveri, from which the stock now in cultivation was raised. Sir John maintained his interest in gardens until the end of his life and his letters to Kew for the past 14 years were usually con- cerned with gardening matters despite the fact that for some years he was nearly blind and for the last few years almost completely blind. Despite this infirmity, however, he maintained his keen interest in botany and corresponded always in his own handwriting often adding at the end of his letter “Pray excuse my bad writing for you know I cannot read what I have written.”” Knowing Sir John, as the writer was privileged to know him for some thirty years, it was very pathetic to see him stricken with blindness and unable to appreciate fully the beauties of nature to which he was so devoted. His last letter written in October of last year has this concluding paragraph “I am ashamed to send you such an illegible letter but venture to do so in the hope you may be able to read some of it.”” It is remarkable how legible his later letters are though often not very easy to read. His kindliness and sym- pathetic interest in everything that concerned his fellows is well known and his keen sense of humour enlivened many a narrative of his experiences abroad and also we believe the experiences 63 themselves. He will be remembered as a public servant of rare ability and by Kew as a keen botanist, an active and accurate observer and an ever ready friend. A. W. H. IX.—THE “SERRATO-CILIATA ’’ GROUP OF TROPAEOLUM. D. K. Huaues. When an attempt was recently made to name the Tropaeolums of Lehmann’s and André’s Andine collections previous to their incorporation in the Herbarium, it became necessary to revise first the older material according to Buchenau’s monograph of the genus in the Pflanzenreich. No serious difficulties arose in the course of the revision until the group comprising Buchenau’s species 14-29 was approached. This group is characterised by the possession of five apically serrate-ciliate petals and almost confined to the Andes of Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador, only a few species occurring further north as far as Guatemala, or south as far as Bolivia. The affinities of the species referred to it are obvious, and the group appears therefore perfectly natural. It stands out from the remainder of the genus and may conveniently be designated by a name of its own, such as “ serrato-ciliata.”’ The characters in which the members of this group were so far known to differ from each other are, partly foliar, namely, in the shape, size and attachment of the leaf-blades and the presence or absence of hairs on them, the length of the petioles, the development of the stipules, and partly floral, affecting mainly the size and colour of the flowers and their parts, and to a Jess conspicuous degree, the shape of the petals. Working on this basis it soon became evident that a number of new species would have to be added from the material at Kew, but as is usually the case with the addition of new forms, new characters had to be taken into account and studied with regard to their incidence and correlation. The more important of them were in this instance, the presence or absence of minute papille on the under- side of the leaf-blades which make them appear more or less greyish or glaucose-pruinose, and secondly of coloured dots or mottling, usually confined to the underside of the leaf-blades or extending also to their upper side. Mr. L. A. Boodle kindly examined the leaves of some of the species with respect to those markings, and found that they were due to the presence of a 64 connected with other characters that they appear to form an essential part of the specific constitution of the species. Unfor- tunately the number of pieces of most of the species under observation is very small, nor was there any living material available, for it seems that these pretty plants are difficult to cultivate. The range within which the characters used for discrimination actually vary, and consequently their reliability and ultimately perhaps even the claim of some of the units recognised to the status of species remain therefore open questions. Observations in the field and cultivation both have to be called in aid to answer them. Meanwhile, an adequate description of the members of the group and a clear disposition of their distinctive characters will not only prepare a sound foundation for such field and experimental work, but also serve for the immediate practical need of a ready means for determining Tropaeolums of the serrato-ciliata group. With this end in view I asked Miss Hughes to prepare, under my supervision, the revision which forms the subject of the present paper. QO. Starr. Key TO THE SPECIES. *Blades pruinose papillose below, or if epapillose then without red dots or mottlin Stipules leafy, conspicuous, persist- ent, nemniarbiquine, 1 cm. in RO meter 1. Matthewsii, Stipules ineonapiauous, pach Mens or wantin, +Blades glaucous and_ pruinose papillose below : Blades hairy on both sides, rotundate ovate and _ bluntly 5-lobed to subentire : Flowers 2-2-5 cm. long, hairy 2. pubescens. Flowers he 5-4-5 em. long, glabrous Potiole stout, shorter than the blades which are densely white-papillose below ; flow- ers 3-5em. long - - 3. papillosum,. Petiole filiform, stout at . the base, longer than the blades which are greyish- pruinose below; flowers 4-5 em. long - - 4, hirtifoliwm. ~Blades like the petioles and | 65 flowers quite glabrous : @; 1717 Blades shorter than broad : Flowers 5 cm. long; blades only slightly shorter than broad (ratio 1: 1-3), dis- tinctly 5-lobed, or the lower sinuses indistinct or obsolete Flowers 2-3 cm. long; blades much shorter than broad (ratio 1 : 8): pur of flower very slen- der, about 2-5 mm. broad at the mouth, tapering to an extremely fine tip; sepals much spreading and exceeded by the long fimbrii of the petals : margin by a fine mucro ; flowers scarlet - - Leaves shallowly 5 - lobed, lobes mucronate ; flowers pale (yellow 2) - Spur of the flower cylin- ical, 3-4 mm. broad at the mouth, hardly tapering to the blunt apex; sepals rarely ex- ceeded by the very short fimbrii of the petals; leaves distinctly lobed, concave at the base - “‘Bindes longer than or as long as broad; flowers 4-5—5-5 cm. long : Blades distinctly peltate : Blades triangular, lateral angles somewhat obtuse, terminal blunt or acute but not acuminate; base how as or slightly con- ave; flowers slender, sacs of the base of the spur about 4 mm. Petioles shorter (2.5 3 cm.) than the blades ; 5. menispermifolium. 6. Fintelmannii. 7. Warscewiczit. 8. bimaculatum. 4 66 pedicels 7-10 cm. long ; flowers 5-5-5 cm. long Petioles longer (7—10 cm.) than the age pedicels 18-20 ong : Blades longer than _broad (ratio 3°4: 2-3); petiole inserted in the ratio of 4: 1; flower 4-5 cm. long - Blades triangular, as long as broad ; petiole ins margin in the ratio 9:1; flowers up to 5-5 em. long - Blades ovate-acuminate, rounded at the base; dia- meter a ~ base of ape about Blades hardly” paltest ith the insertion of the petiole near the margin, or not peltate at all: Blades rather longer than broad, triangular-hastate, with obscurely and irregu- larly lobed or wavy sides ; pedicels 7 cm. lon - Blades as long as broad or very slightly longer; pedicels 15 cm. to over 20 cm. lo Lateral angles and apex very blunt, the former broad and rounded; pedicels very slender - Lateral angles and apex 10. 14, sharply acute, the latter - cuspidate ; pedicels rather stout - - +}Blades epapillose, smooth below, quite glabrous : Flowers hairy (at least the sepals), 4-5-5 em. long; blades usually sub 3—5-lobed with the terminal lobe produced and + acute; petioles 3-10 cm. long; pedicels 5-l5cem.long~ - - 16. Kuntzeanum. cirrhipes. . Traceyae. . Lehmannii. Wagenerianum. Karstenii. . cuspidatum. Deckerianum. 67 Flowers glabrous : Flowers 3:7-5 cm. long; blades entire or obscurely 3-lobed, ovate to rotundate- ovate, longer than broad, ob- tuse or subacute, usually dark green above and_ purplish below, ore — - nerves on. bot Flowers em. long: Flowers 3-5-4 cm. long blades 7 and. equally 5-lobed Flowers 9-2 5 cm. long; blades 3-lobed orif obscurely 5-lobed then the lower sinuses obsolete **Blades punctate or mottled with fod; not papillose below : Blades distinctly hairy : Blades tomentose below, ovate- acuminate with a sharp point above the middle on either side (ratio 1: 0-8) stem at first tomentose, soon glabrescent; petioles stout, tomentose; flowers 4-5 cm. long - Blades fulvously hairy but not tomentose, petioles slender : Blades entire or the lobes reduced to small teeth : Blades orbicular or depressed orbicular, 1 cm. long by 1-1-4 cm. wide; stem ful- vously tomentose at the nodes, the rest glabrous or sub-pub- escent ; flowers 4-5-5 cm. long Blades ovate-obtuse, larger; stem spreadingly er flow- ers 3 cm. long Blades shallows 3—-5- ied Blades depressedly rotundate- ovate, ratio 1: 1-125, copi- ously red punctate below on a dark ground, 5-lobed, lobes subcrenulate, rounded, spur 4 times the ernie of the sepals - ae broadly ovate (ratio 1: 0-8) very sparingly red punctate on a whitish ground — s© 20. 21. Lindenii. . Daweii. crenatum. tomentosum. parvifolium. - 22. fulvum. - 23. pseudopubescens. 68 usually 3-lobed, lobes often subacute, the ‘terminal tri- angular; spur 6 times the length of the sepals - - 24. adpressum. Blades and petioles glabrous or almost so : Stems spreadingly hairy especially at the nodes; blades entire or ob- scurely lobed; flowers glabrous : Stipules inconspicuous, deci- duous; flowers 4-5-5 cm. long; blades longer than broad, acute or acuminate, rounded at the base : Blades ovate-acute, obscurely ' tire; flowers 4-4- Be is Sha - 26. longifolium. Stipules sit tileseedins leafy, orbicular, about 10 mm. in diameter ; flowers 2-5 cm. long; blades shorter than broad (ratio about 4 : 4-5), obscurely but equally 5-lobed, base oy concave - - 2 Stems quite plsincaks ; nas bluntly 3—5-lobed : Flowers 3-5-4-5 cm. long; blades densely mottled or dotted with red on a dark ground : Flowers hairy (at least the sepals), 4-5 em. long; blades shallowly and very ey 5-lobed, ratio 1:11 - Flowers glabrous; blades en- tire or almost so : Flowers 4:5 cm. long; blades subentire paar | a ae 1-0-8 - 29. integrifolium. Flowers 3: ores: lang blades shallowly 5-lobed (ratio — 1: 1-2) - - - 30. kerneisinum. Flowers 2-5-3 em. long; blades mottled on a pale ground : ~I . stipulatum. - bo i.) . maculifolium. nerves straight, terminal lobe ovate - - - - 31. pentagonum. 69 Blades 3-lobed, base convex, margins subcrenulate, primary lateral nerves curve ed = - 32. trilobum. ENUMERATION,. All the specimens quoted in this paper have been seen by me. 1, T, Matthewsii, Hughes, nov. sp. (Page 70, fig. A.) Herba scandens, novellis araneoso-villosis citissime magis minusve puberulis. Caulis gracilis, inferne plus minusve teres, apicem versus compressus et contortus. Folia egregie stipulata ; stipulae persistentes, semiorbiculares, usque ad 1 cm. diametro, integrae vel inconspicue crispae, supra vix papillosae, subtus pruinoso-papillosae; etiolt graciles, subcirrhosi, fere 3 em. longi; laminae late triangulari-ovatae, 2-5-3 cm. longae lataeque vel paulo latiores, supra vix papillosae, subtus pruinoso-papil- losae, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 5: 1, breviter lataeque quinquelobae, lobis emucronatis, integris vel inconspicue crispis. _ Pedicelli gracillimi, cirrhosi, vix petiolos superantes. Flores sparse pubescentes, usque ad 2-5 cm. longi; calear rectum, conicum, usque ad 1-8 em. longum, basi circiter 4 mm. diametro; sepala obtusa, ovato-oblonga; petala haud exserta, parva, superne dentato-ciliata, superiora late spathulato- oblonga, 6 mm. longa, inferiora obtriangularia in unguem attenuata, 4 mm. longa. Peru: Chachapayos, Matthews. 2. T. pubescens, H. B. & K., Nov. Gen. et Bios: v (1821) a Herba scandens. Caulis gracilis, curvatus, plus minusve angulosus et sulcatus, pilis fulvis (praecipue prope nodos) usque ad 1 mm. longis hirsutus. Folia stipulata ; ; stipulae minutae, angustatae, usque ad 1 mm. longae, apice dentatae vel crenul- atae, deciduae, glabrae; petioli subrobusti, curvati, saepe cir- rhosi, laminas subaequantes vel excedentes, usque ad 10 cm. longi, pilis fulvis dense hirsuti; laminae late triangulari-ovatae, 2-6 cm. longae lataeque vel paulo latiores, saepe pilis albis minutissimis pubescentes et pilis fulvis dispersis ad 1 mm. longis indutae, supra intense virides, subtus pallidiores, subglaucae, ute pruinoso-papillosae, partibus suprapetiolari et infra- petiolari ratione 5:1, breviter lataeque quinquelobae, lobis emucronatis, integris vel Ben gee cerispis. Pedicelli gracillimi, cirrhosi, petiolos vix superantes. lores fulve-hirsuti, 2~2-5 em. longi; calcar rectum, conicum, circiter 1-6 cm. longum, basi 5 mm. diametro, rubrum, apice obtusum; sepala rotundato- ovata, viridia; petala haud exserta, 5 mm. longa, spathulato- — oblonga, superne 4-5-dentato-ciliata, atro-caerulea. Cotomp1a: New Grenada, Linden 923; Holton 885; Triana 3775; Pasto, Jameson ; and without precise locality, Lobb 17; Cundinamarca, Facatativa, hacienda La Selva, 2440 m., Mrs. Tracey A. T, Maithewsii. oe: T. apbitde so a alum inferius. b. petalum superius. c. leaf of 7. genie ets 71 Eovuapor: Quito, Jameson; Miligalli, 1768 m., André; Banos, Spruce 4985; Tambo de Quinoa, Seeman 886. EASTERN ANDES: Veitch’s Collector 358. 3. T. papillosum, Hughes, nov. sp. (Page 72, fig. A.) Herba scandens, glabra. Caulis gracilis, striatus, sub- compressus et contortus. ola estipulata; petioli robusti, inferne satis incrassati et cirrhosi, quam laminas breviores, usque ad 4 cm. longi; laminae subintegrae, late rotundato- ovatae, 6-5 cm. longae lataeque, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 3: 1, supra virides, rubro-punctatae, papil- losae et sparse pubescentes, infra glaucae, obscure marmoratae, dense pruinoso-papillosae. Pedicelli gracillimi, vix cirrhosi, petiolos superantes, usque ad 7 cm. longi. Flores glabri, fere ongi; calcar rectum, cylindrico-conicum, apice abrupte attenuatum, 2-5 cm. longum, basi 4 mm. diametro; sepa ovata; petala dentata, haud exserta, 4-5 mm. longa, superiora spathulato-oblonga, longe ciliata, inferiora minora, breviter ciliata. W. Trorrcat 8. AmerioaA. Eovapor? Tambo grande, 24 Oct. 1876, André. 4. T. hirtifolium, Hughes, nov. sp. (Page 72, fig. B.) Herba scandens. Caulis gracilis, striatus. Folia estipulata; petioli glabri, graciles, basin versus sensim modice incrassati, subcirrhosi, quam laminas longiores, usque ad 8 cm. longi; laminae hirsutae, breviter lateque subquinquelobae, lobis obsolete mucronatis, circiter 3-5-7-5 cm. longae, 4-5-10 cm. latae, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 8: 1, nec marmor- atae nec punctatae, supra viridis, infra cinereo-papillosae. Pedicelli glabri, gracillimi, cirrhosi, vix petiolos superantes. Flores penduli, pubescentes, ad minimum sepala, usque ad 4-5 cm. longi; calear coccineum, angustum, subcurvatum, 3-5 em. longum, basi 3 mm. diametro; sepala viridia ovato- oblonga; petala haud exserta, 4-5 mm. longa, superne dentato- ciliata fimbriis nigris. CotomBiA: Prov. Antioquia, 5490 m., borders of forest, Kalbreyer 1455. 5. T. menispermifolium, Buchenau in Engl. Jahrb. xxxiv Beibl. Ixxviii, 11. Herba alte scandens. Caulis obtusangulus, sulcatus, diametro 2 mm., griseo-pubescens. Folia estipulata; petioli curvati, sed rarius cirrhosi, 5 usque 7 em. longi, griseo-pubescentes ; laminae latiores quam longiores, repando-quinquelobae, basi vadoso- repandae, sino laterale inferiore vadosissimo, superiore distinctiore sed etiam vadoso, obtusangulae, apice rotundatae, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 6 usque 7: I, supra intense virides, subtus griseo-virides, dense pruinoso-papillosae, glabrae. Pedicelli foliis longiores, filiformes, sub flore incrassati, curvati, A. s papillosum. B. T. hirtifolium. 2; ean EE Ae 5 bac beet E. T. Traceyae. a. petalum a b. petalum superius of B. C. D. and E. are similar to those figured for A. differing ited slightly in size es descriptions). 73 saepe cirrhosi, subpubescentes. Flores circiter 5 cm. longi; _calear conico-subulatum, puniceum (?), supra 4°5, infra 4-1 cm. longum, basi 8 mm. diametro, glabra; sepala circiter 5 mm. longa, oblonga, rotundata, virida (?); petala parva, usque ad 5 mm. longa, vix exserta, superne serrato-ciliatae, probabiliter rubro-violacea. Eovapor: Angamarca near Pangoa, Sodiro 227. 6. T. Fintelmanni, Wagener in Allg. Gartenz., xviii (1850) 105. Herba scandens. Caulis gracilis, curvatus, plus minusve angulosus et sulcatus, glaber vel interdum sparse pubescens. Folia estipulata; petioli tenuissimi, curvati, basi cirrhosi et sparse pubescens, caeterum glabri, usque ad 6 cm. longi; laminae depresso-orbiculares, 2-3 cm. longae, 4-5 cm. latae, integrae vel vadissime et indistincte lobatae, lobis apicis mucronatis, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 8 : 1, supra virides, subtus glaucae et minute pruinoso-papillosae, glabrae. Pedicelli petiolos vix excedentes, tenuissimi, cirrhosi, attenuatum, circiter 1-8 cm. longum, basi 3-5 mm. diametro; sepala rotundato-oblonga, obtusa, usque fere 8 mm. longa; petala non exserta, 6 mm. longa, atroviolacea, superne dentato- ciliata. superiora late spathulato-oblonga, inferiora late obtri angularia in unguem longum anguste contracta. VENEZUELA: Caracas, Galipan, 1830 m., Herb. Otto Kuntze 1498. CoLoMBIA: Cauca, Las Pavas, Quindio, André 2363; Rio dos Brazos, André 2798. 7. T. Warscewiczii, Buchenau in Engl. Jahrb. xxvi (1899) 582. angulosus, diametro usque 1 mm. Folia stipulata; stipulae tenerae, lineares; petioli graciles, laminae saepe longiores, 2 usque 3 cm. longi, plerumque curvati, rarius cirrhosi; laminae latiores quam longiores (circiter 1: 1-3) basi fere truncatae, margine quinque-sinuato-lobatae, incisuris obtusangulis, apice mucronata, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 12: 1, supra intense virides, subtus pallidiores, dense pruinoso-papillosae., Pedicelli gracillimi, curvati, interdum cirrhosi. Flores 3-7 usque 3-8 mm. longi; calcar rectum, cylindrico-subulatum, 2-1 usque 2-2 mm. longum, basi diametro 2 mm., flavum; sepala ovoidea, obtusiuscula, circiter 5 mm. longa, probabiliter flava; petala circiter 7 mm. longa, calycem vix superantia, albo-flavida, crenato-ciliata, superiora late stipitata, rotundato-ovalia, apice superne dentata, 5-ciliata, inferiora anguste stipitata, ovalia, marginibus pluri-(circiter 15) dentato-ciliata. 74 CentraL America: Costa Rica and Veragua, Warscewicz. There seems to be very little difference between this species and T. Fintelmannii, Wagener, apart from the shape of the leaves which are here decidedly more deeply lobed, and the colour of the flowers. In absence of good-material of 7’. Warscewiczit it is not possible to decide whether it is really a distinct species. T. bimaculatum, Klotzsch ex Buchenau in Engl. Jahrb. xv oie 217. Herba alte scandens, glabra, probabiliter non tuberifera. Caulis tenuis, diametro usque 1-25 mm. (et ultra). ~ Folia stipulata; stipulae tenerrimae, parvae, subulatae (interdum bifidae), deciduae; petiols graciles, diametro 0-2 usque 0-35 mm subcirrhosi ; laminae subpeltatae, reniformi-semiorbiculares, usque 3 raro fere 4 cm. latae et 2 raro 2-4 cm. longae, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 8: A, basi truncatae vel obtusis, distincte mucronatis, subtus dense pruinoso-papillosae. Ri apie foliis longiores, gracillimi, subcirrhosi. lores circiter em. longi; calcar rectum, cylindrico-attenuatum, 1-7- x 85 cm. longum; sepala late oblonga, obtusissima, interdum mucronata, circiter 8 mm. longa; petala sepalis aequilonga, circiter 8 mm. longa, obovato-cuneata, apice serrato-aristata (aristis 8 usque 10), superiora latiora, inferiora angustius uiculata. _Centrat America: Chiriqui and Carthago-Vulkan, Warsce- wicz. 9. T. Kuntzeanum, Buchenau in Engl. Jahrb. xxii, 163. Herba alte scandens (usque 3 m.), glabra. Caulis tenuis, 1-1-25 mm. diametro, debilis. Folia ostipulata ; petiols tenues, debiles, lamina breviores, 2-5-3 em. longi; laminae triangu- lares, integerrimae, basi subrepando, angulis basilaribus rotun- datis, lateribus curvatis, circiter 3-5-4 cm. longae et basi 2-5 cm. latae, apice acuto, subtus glaucae, papillis squamuli- formibus indutis, distincte venosae. Pedicelli graciles, detclon folio multo longiores, 7 usque 10 cm. longi. Flores 5 usque 5-5 cm. longi; calear fere rectum, cylindrico-conicum, apice rotundatum et leviter inflatum, circiter 4-5 cm. longum, pallide rubrum (apice viride?); sepala ovato-triangularia, aequilonga, obtusiuscula, viridia; petala calyce breviora, subaequalia (supe- riora lateriora), rhomboideo-cuneiformia, apice 5—7—dentato- aristata, saturate indigotica. Borivia: Paulo Rosa and La Seja, Otto Kuntze. 10. T. cirrhipes, Hook., Icon. Pl. v. (1842), t. 411. Herba scandens, praeter nodos hirsutos glabra. Caulis gracilis, angulosus et sulcatus. Folia estipulata, vel stipulis minutissimis deciduis praedita; petioli curvati vel cirrhosi, usque 75 ad 11 cm. longi; laminae elongato- -triangulares, integrae, some basilaribus rotundatis, apice obtusa, basi subrepando, lateribus leviter curvatae, usque ad 9 cm. longae et basi 5-6 cm. latae, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 2-5 usque 3: 1, supra virides vel prope nodos violaceae, subtus glaucae, obscure vel minutissime pruinoso-papillosae. Pedicelli gracillimi, valde cirrhosi, usque ad 20 cm. longi, sub flore leviter incrassati. Flores 4-5 em. longi; calcar cylindricum, coccineum, 3-6 cm. longum, basi diametro 4 mm., apice obtusum; sepala rotundato- ovata, viridia; petala non exserta, 4-5 mm. longa, superne dentato-ciliata, luteo-viridia. Peru: Chachapayos, Matthews 3177. 11. T. Traceyae, Hughes, nov. sp. (Page 72, fig. E.). Herba scandens, glabra. Caulis gracilis, triquater, contortus. Folia estipulata; petioli subrobusti, inferne satis incrassati et cirrhosi, quam laminas longiores, usque ad 7 cm. longi; laminae aequilateraliter triangulares, integrae, angulis basilaribus rotun- datis, apice abrupte acutae vel subobtusae, 3-4-5 cm. longae lataeque, supra laeves, virides, subtus glaucae, minutissime papillosae, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 9: 1. Pedicelli gracillimi, valde cirrhosi, usque 18 cm. longi. Flores 4-5-5°5 cm. longi; calcar rubrum, rectum vel sub-rectum, cylin- drico-conicum, basi diam. 4-6 mm.; sepala oblonga, obtusius- cula, viridia; petala vix exserta, 4-5. mm. longa, dentato-ciliata, ciliis ad 5 mm. longis, ex aaeds obovato-oblonga, inferiora obtriangularia in unguem attenua CoLoMBIA: Gundinamarca,’ ie Mesa, edge of forest El Colegio, 1220 m., Mrs. Tracey, 164. 12. T. Lehmannii, Hughes, nov. sp. (Page 72, fig. C.). Herba scandens, glabra. Caulis gracilis. Folia estipulata; petiols graciles, vix cirrhosi, 2-2-5 cm. longi; laminae late ovatae, acuminatae, subintegrae vel insconspicue pp oeeligact sig 3-3-5 cm. longae, 2-6-3 cm. latae, supra laeves, subtus pruinoso- papillosae, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 3: l, rubro-marmoratae. Pedicelli gracillimi, basi cirrhosi, 6-7 em. longi. Flores 4-5 cm. longi; calcar subrectum, conicum, ad apicem attenuatum, 3-5-4 cm. longum, basi ad 7 mm. diametro; sepala elliptico-oblonga; petala vix exserta, superne dentato- ciliata, 5 mm. longa. CoLtomBIA: Cauca, Pagamd de Ruiz. Lehmann 3103. Aspecimen in the Natural History Museum—Triana (1829-1890)— with no locality given, resembles this species closely, but differs in having larger leaves, (5-7 cm. long, 3-5-4-5 cm. wide) which are apparently not mottled and larger flowers (5-5 cm. long). 13. T, Wagnerianum, Karst. in All. Gartenz. xviii (1849) 305, Herba scandens, etuberosa, glabra. Caulis gracilis, curvatus. Folia estipulata; petioli flexuosi vel cirrhosi, quam laminas 76 longiores (?); laminae triangulari-hastatae, longiores quam latiores, usque ad 6 cm. longae, anguste peltato-affixae, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 27: 1, acuminatae, acutae, lobis baseos saepe truncatis hinc rotundatis, illine (extrorsum) angulo obtuso terminatis, margine leviter incrassato, plus minusve inaequaliter sinuata, supra intense virides, subtus pallidiorae, pruinoso-papillosae, glaucae. Pedicelli folia longe superantes, usque 7 cm. longi. Flores 4-5 em. longi; calcar cylindrico- conicum, leviter incurvatum, supra 3-5 (infra 3-0) cm. longum, basi diametro 1 cm., coccineum, apice viride; sepala late-ovata, acuta, viridia; petala calycem paulo superantia, caeruleo-violacea, superne fimbriata. 7. Schlimmii, Linden. ms. VENEZUELA: Trujillo, 2133 m., Linden 1431 (Herb. Planch.). CoLomBia (?). 14, T, Karstenii, Wagner in Oesterr. Bot. Zeitschr. lviii (1908) 6 Herba scandens, glabra. Caulis gracilis, plus minusve angu- losus et sulcatus. Folia estipulata; petioli subrobusti, laminae longiores, usque 10-14 cm. longi ; ; laminae fere semiorbiculari- triangulares angulis obtusis, vix longiores quam latiores, usque 9 cm. longae, anguste peltato-affixae, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 18:1, basi leviter curvato-excisae, supra sparse, subtus densissime, minute pruinoso-papillosae. Pedicelli tenuissimi, flexuosi et cirrhosi, foliis multo longiores, minime 20 cm. longi. Flores incogniti. CoLtomBiA: Bogota, Karsten. This species, the flowers of which are unknown, was compared by Dr. Wagner with 7’. cirrhipes, Hook. From this it is clearly distinguished by having the insertion of the petiole very near the margin. Its nearest ally seems to be 7’. Wagenerianum, Karst., which has relatively narrower leaves and much shorter pedicels. But in the total absence of flowers it is not possible to place it with absolute certainty. 15. T. cuspidatum, Buchenaw in Engl. Jahrb. xxvi (1899) 581. Herba scandens, etuberosa, glabra. Caulis angularis, genu- flexus, 1-5 usque 2 mm. diametro. Folia estipulata; petioli graciles, saepe curvati, rarius — 3-5 usque 6 (raro 7) cm. longi, diametro circiter 1 mm.; laminae indistinctissime peltatae, fere semiorbiculari-triangulares, vix longiores quam latiores, integerrimae, basi curvato-excisae, supra laeves, subtus minute pruinoso-papillosae, angulis basilaribus rectis, lateribus infra medium convexis, supra medium concavis et in acumen 6 usque longum productis. Pedicelli foliis multo longiores (16 usque 20 cm. longi), petiolis crassiores, curvati sed vix cirrhiformes. Flores 5-2 cm. longi; calcar cylindrico-conicum, obtusum, usque ad 4 cm. longum, basi circiter 7 mm. diametro; sepala erecta, latissime ovata (fere semiorbicularia), obtusa; ce petala calycem vix superantia, ovalia, basi oe apice serrato- ciliata, nigro-caerulea, 7-8 mm. longa. 7. infundibularum, Rusby i in Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. iv (1907) 336. Boutvia : Uchimachi, Coroico, Miguel Bang 2354. T. Deckerianum, Moritz & Karst. in Karst. Ausw. Neu. ae "Wen: (1848) 38 t. 12. Herba scandens, subpubescens. Caulis angulosus, sulcatus, ad nodos pilis albis ad 2 mm. longis pilosus, caeterum glabrescens. Fola estipulata, vel stipulis minutis deciduis instructa; petioli laminas plus minusve aequantes, basis pilosi, caeterum ‘glabres- centes, curvati vel vix cirrhosi; laminae ovato-triangulares, 4-8 cm. longae vel longiores, 3-7 cm. latae, partibus supra- - petiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 3°5: 1, basi rotundatae, apice acutae, subquinquelobae, lobis lateralibus plerumque multo _reductis, lobo terminale elongato- triangulare, supra luteo-virides, subtus vix pallidiores, epapillosae. Pedicelli tenerrimi, 5-15 cm. longi, valde cirrhosi, glabri. Flores albo-pilosi, 4-5-5 cm. longi; calcar rectum ‘vel leviter curvatum, 3-4 cm. longi, basi diametro 3-5-8 mm., rubrum, apice acuto, viride; sepala late ovata, viridia, valde pilosa; petala dentata, superne longe fimbriato- ciliata, atro-caerulea, 6 mm. yeah superiora late spathulato- oblonga, inferiora eee Sates T. trilobum, Turez. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscow xxi (1858) 4 N. Coxtompra: Tovar, Fendler 149; Moritz 1676; New Grenada, Ocana, Schlim 355; and without precise locality, Burke. 17. T. Lindeni, G. Wallis in Il. Hort. sér. 6, i (1894) 267 t. 17. Herba alte scandens. Caulis gracilis, angulosus, hati saepe atroruber, pilis fulvis (praecipue prope nodos) ad 3 longis indutis. folia estipulata; petioli subrobusti, fhdatane aequantes vel excedentes, ad 14 cm. longi, glabri vel basis pilis albo-fulvis induti; laminae pentagoni-ovatae, vel interdum ovatae, longiores quam latiores, basi rotundatae, lobo terminale triangulare, obtuso vel subacuto, lobis lateralibus plerumque bosoletis, supra medium unisinuatae, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 2 usque 3:1, utrinque glabrae et epapillosae, purpureo-marmoratae, ad nervos pallidiores. Pedi- celli longissimi, gracillimi, usque ad 22 cm. longi, cirrhosi, glabri. - Flores 4-5-5 cm. longi, glabri; calcar rectum, conicum, 3-5-3-8 em. longum, rubrum, basi 8-9 mm . diametro; sepala oblonga, 8-10 mm. longa, 4 mm. lata, viridia ; petala rubro-violacea, usque 8 mm. longa, superne dentata, longe fimbriata, fimbrii ad 9 mm. longi, superiora oblonga, fere ligulata, basi vix attenuata, inferiora obtriangularia, in unguem longe attenuata. CoLomp1a: Antioquia, above Robledo near Medellin, 1500- 1700 m., Lehmann 5870; ‘and without precise locality Sanders 1881; Jerviee: New Grenada, Mariquita, Quindio, 1600 m., Triana 3778; Bogota, Fusugasuga, Hartweg. ee * 78 18. T. Daweii, Hughes, nov. sp. (Page 72, fig. D). Herbascandens. Caulis gracilis ad nodos pubescens, caeterum glaber vel glabrescens. Folia estipulata; petiols glabri, graciles, demum incrassati, subcirrhosi, circiter 5 cm. longi; laminae glabrae, rotundato-ovatae, late repando- -quinquelobae, lobis emu- cronatis, 3-5-4 cm. longae lataeque vel paulo latiores, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 3: 1, epapillosae. Pedicelli gracillimi, subcirrhosi, vix petiolos superantes. Flores ak 3-3-5 cm. longi; calcar rectum, conicum, usque ad 2-5 cm longum, basi 5 mm. diametro; sepala late elliptica vel ovata: petala haud exserta, superne dentato- ciliata, atrocaerulea, supe- riora spathulato-oblonga, 5 mm. longa, inferiora obtriangularia in unguem attenuata, 4-5 mm. longa. T. Deckerianum, Triana and Planchon, Prod. Fl. Nov. Gran. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Sér. 5, p. 119. non Moritz. CotomsB14: Eastern Cordillera, Dawe 855; Bogota, 2700 m. Triana 3776; Prov. Mariquita, forests of Quindio,’ 2500 m. Triana 3777, 6063/5, 6063/6. 19. T. crenatum, Karst., Fl. Colomb. i (1858-61) 145 t. 72. Herba scandens, glabra, radice fibrosa. Caulis angulosus, . lignescens, leviter sulcatus. Folia stipulata; stipulae minutae, hyalinae, subovales, obliquae, basi lata sessiles, laciniatae; petiolt curvati, interdum cirrhosi, ad 7 cm. longi; laminae dibro- tundato-ovatae, apice obtusae, in utroque latere repandae vel sinuato-trilobae, lobis lateribus brevibus, latis, obtusissimis, majores 5-7 cm. longae lataeque, supra saturate virides, subtus pallidae, epapillosae, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 4-5-5: 1. Pedicelli petiolorum longitudine vel breviores, teretes, glabri, cirrhosi. Flores usque ad 2°6 cm. longi; calcar rectum vel leviter curvatum, conicum, usque ad 1°8 cm. lon apice obtusum ; sepala ovata, apice rotundata ; petala lateobovato- cuneata, superne dentato-fimbriata, violacea, superiora usque ad 4 mm. longa, inferiora paulo longiora. VENEZUELA: Caracas, Linden 347; Funcke and Schlim 1394 (e descr. i Cotompi4 : Merida 2000-2500 m., Karsten (fragm. typ.) ; New Grenada, near San Miguel, Nevada de Santa Marta, Purdie e descr.). 20. T. tomentosum, Hughes, nov. sp. (Page 81, fig. A.). Herba scandens. Caulis subrobustus, quadrangularis, contortus, ad nodos fulve-tomentosus, caeterum subpubescens. Folia estip- ulata; petioli cirrhosi, robusti, fulve-tomentosi, haud laminis longiores ; laminae ovatae, acuminatae, latere utrinque infra medium late rotundato, supra repando %~ dentato, vel latissime brevissime 1-lobato, circiter 7 cm. longae, 5-5 em. latae, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 4-5: 1, obscure rubro- marmoratae, subtus dense tomentosae, epapillosae, supra tote glabri. Pedicelli glabri, gracillimi, a basi spiraliter cirrhosi, valde 79 petiolos superantes, usque 13 cm. longi. Flores glabri, 4-5-5 cm. longi; calcar rectum, conicum, apice attenuatum, 3-5 cm. longum, _ basi 7 mm. diametro; sepala obtusa, elliptico-oblonga; petala haud exserta, usque ad 6 mm. longa, superne dentato-ciliata, superiora late spathulato-oblonga, inferiora obtriangularia in unguem attenuata. CoLoMBIA : without precise locality, Lobb 16. 21. T. parvifolium, Hughes, nov. sp. (Page 70, fig. B.). Herba scandens. Caulis gracilis, subcurvatus, plus minusve compressus, ad nodos fulvo-tomentosus, caeterum glaber vel subpubescens. olia estipulata; petiols graciles, basi vix incras- sati, cirrhosi, usque ad 2 cm. longi, subpubescentes; laminae orbiculares vel plus minusve depressae, utrinque magis minusve 2-dentatae, peltatae, circiter 1 cm. longae, 1-1-4 cm. latae, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 4:1, fulvo- hirtellae, supra intense virides, subtus dense marmoratae (?), epapillosae. Pedicelli foliis conspicue longiores, usque 9 cm. longi, tenuiter filiformes, superne incrassati subcirrhosi, glabri. Flores 4-5-5 em. longi, fulvo-hirtelli; calcar rectum, cylindricum, triangulari-ovatae, obtusa; petala non exserta, usque ad 6 mm. longa, spathulato-oblonga, breviter unguiculata, superne dentato- ciliata, dentibus 5. CotomB1A: without precise locality, Lobb 18. 22. T. fulvum, Buchenau~& Sod. in Engl. Jahrb. xxxiv Beibl. Ixxvill, 11. Herba alte scandens. Caulis obtusangulus, indistincte sul- catus, circiter 1- diametro, breviter pubescens. Folia estipulata; etioli saepe curvati, raro cirrhosi, usque ad 3 cm. longi, laminis breviores, breviter pubescentes ; laminae elongato- ovatae, basi rotundatae, apice acutae, marginibus indistincte crenulatis et supra medium unidentatis, strigosae, supra intense fulvo-virides, subtus pallidiores, epapillosae, partibus supra- coronato. Ecvapor: prope Tamboloma, crescit in silvis subtropicis ad viam Quito-Guayaquil, Sodiro 230; Rio Cristal, André 4009 (e descr.). 80 23. T. pseudopubescens, Hughes, nov. sp. (Page 84, fig. D.). Herba alte scandens, ad 7-6 m. (ex Lehmann). Caulis gracilis, sparse pubescens. Jolia estipulata; petioli subrobusti, subcirrhosi, usque ad 6 cm. longi, fulvo-hirti; laminae late rotundato-ovatae, magis minusve breviter lateque quinquelobae, rarius subintegrae, lobis subapicularis, 4 cm. longae lataeque vel paulo latiores, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 3-5: 1, fulvo- hirtae, supra atrovirides, subtus rubro-punctatae infundo obscuro, epapillosae. Pedicelli gracillimi, cirrhosi, basi pubescentes, apicem versus glabri, petiolos superantes, circiter 13 cm. longi. Flores fulvo-hirti, 4-4-5 cm. longi; calcar rectum, conicum, apice luteo-viride, usque 3-5 cm. longum, basi 6 mm. diametro; sepala elliptica vel ovata, luteo-viridia; petala non exserta, superne dentato-ciliata, atra, 5-6 mm. longa, superiora obtriangularia in unguem attenuata, inferiora late spathulato- sor CotomsB14: Central Andes of Popayan, Paramo de Guauacas, 2800- 3000 m., Lehmann 4709. 24. T. adpressum, Hughes, nov. sp. (Page 84, fig. C.) Herba scandens. Caulis gracilis, pilis albidis imprimis ad nodos hirtus. Folia estipulata; petioli quam laminas breviores, usque ad 3 em. longi, cirrhosi, hirti; laminae ovatae, acutae, 5 cm. longae, 4 cm. latae, supra medium trilobae, lobo terminali triangulari, lobis lateralibus acutis interdum obscuris, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 5:1, supra infraque pilis albidis adpressus maxime ad nodos indutae, subtus valde rubro- punctatae, epapillosae. Pedicelli gracillimi, subcirrhosi, Ded 08 valde superantes, circiter 7 cm. longi. Flores hirsuti, ad minim sepala, 4-5-5 cm. longi ; ; calcar rectum ultra medium tin. dricum, denique conicum, 3-5 cm. longum, basi 5 mm. diametro ; sepala ovata, viridia,; petala haud exserta, superne dentato- ciliata, superiora lamina rotundato-ovata, in mia attenuata, 6 mm. longa, inferiora minora, angustiora, 5 mm. Ecuapor: Quito, Jameson; Western ae 1220 m., Pearce 397. 25. T. coccineum, Hughes, nov. sp. (Page 81, fig. C.) Herba scandens. Caulis gracilis, pilis albidis apice obtusis imprimis ad nodos hirtus. Folia estipulata; petioli graciles vel robustiusculi, cirrhosi, glabrescentes, usque ad 5 cm. longi; laminae glabrae, ovatae, acutae, 5-6 cm. longi, 4 cm. latae, supra medium trilobae, lobo terminali triangulari, lobis later- alibus saepe multum reductis, plerumque obtusiusculis rarius nullis, margine interdum crispo-crenulato, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 3: 1, supra subtusque rubro-marmoratae, epapillosae. Pedicelli gracillimi, cirrhosi, petiolos valde super- antes, 14-16 cm. longi. Flores tote glabri, 5 cm. longi; calcar coccineum, rectum, conicum, 4 cm. longum, basi 5-7 mm. diametro ; spall ovata, obtusa, viridia; petala vix exserta, T. maculi- A. T. tomentosum. B. T. integrifolium. C. T. coccineum. D. folium. E. T. neisinum. a. um inferius, b. petalum superius. The petals of B. C. and D. are similar to those figured for E. differing only slightly in size (see descriptions). * 82 7 mm. longa, superne dentato-ciliata, atro- estes oe late spathulato-oblonga, inferiora in unguem attenuat CotompBia: Prov. New Grenada, Quindio, Purdie: La Ceja, André 2204; Lobb 15. T. longifolium, 7'urcz. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Moscow xxxi ies; 423. Herba scandens. Teed teres vel leviter angulosus, glaber vel pilis fulvis ad 1-5 mm. longis, manifeste ad nodos, indutus. Folia stipulata ; cds minutissimae, inconspicuae, deciduae ; petioli subrobusti, cirrhosi, usque ad 6-8 cm. longi, glabri vel basi fulvo-pilosi; laminae ovato- vel oblongo-lanceolatae ; obtuse acuminatae, basi rotundatae, integerrimae, usque ad 10 em. longae et basi ad 3 cm. latae, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 4: 1, intense virides, supra subtusque dense rubro-punctatae, glabrae, epapillosae. Pedicelli tenerrimae, cirrhosi, circiter 10 . longi, glabri. Flores glabri, 4-5 cm. longi; calcar rectum, conicum, apice leviter attenuatum, obtusum, 4 cm. longum, basi 5 mm. diametro, purpureo-rubrum; sepala ovata, apice rotundata, viridia; petala late spathulato-oblonga, basi leviter attenuata, superne 5-dentato-fimbriata, superiora 6 mm. longa, inferiora 9 mm. doege (fimbria excluda), atro- caerulea. CoLomBia: Antioquia, Kalbreyer 1548; New Grenada, Mariquita, Triana 3772. 27. T. stipulatum, Buchenau & Sod. in Engl. Jahrb. xxxiv Beibl. Ixxviii, 12. Herba alte scandens. Caulis erectus, saepe curvatus, plus minusve angulosus et sulcatus, usque fere 3 mm. diametro, pilis patentibus hirsutus. Folia egregie stipulata; stipulae frondosae, semiorbiculares, integrae vel indistincte crenulatae, usque 1 cm. diametro, glabrae; petioli saepe curvati, interdum breviter cirrhosi, 6 usque 12 em. longi, pilis patentibus (praecipue prope nodos) obsiti; laminae peltatae, subreniformes, supra intense virides, subtus vix pallidiores, epapillosae, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 3-6 usque 4-3: 1, vadis- sime quinquelobae, basi distincte repandae. Pedicelli gracillimi, cirrhosi, foliis breviores, sub flore incrassati, glabri. Flores 2-5 cm. longi, glabri; calear conicum, puniceum (7), apice viride, supra 1-9, infra 1-8 cm. longum, basi usque 4-5 mm. diametro; sepala oblongo-rotundata, viridia, 4 usque 5 mm. longa; petala parva, non exserta, superne serrato-ciliata, nigro-violacea (?). Ecuapor: Corazon, 2400-3000 m., Sodiro 224. In the original diagnosis of this species the stipules are described as measuring 20 (rarely 30) mm. in diameter. I hav examined the type specimen (Sodiro 224) and find that rable do not exceed 1 cm. in diameter. 83 28. T. maculifolium, Hughes, nov. sp. (Page 81, fig. D.) Herba scandens. Caulis gracilis, glaber vel subglabrescens. Folia estipulata; petioli gracilis, subcirrhosi, basi haud crassiores, usque ad 4 cm. longi; laminae glabrae, late rotundato-ovatae 3 cm. longi, 3-6 cm. latae, breviter lataeque quinque-lobae, lobis obtusissimis, margine obscure crenulato-crispo, partibus dense rubro-marmoratae, epapillosae. Pedicelli subpubescentes, graciles, cirrhosi, petiolos superantes. Flores pubescentes, ad minimum sepala, 4°5 em. longi; calear rectum, conicum, usque 3°7 cm. longum, basi 6-7 mm. diametro; sepala elliptico- oblonga, obtusa, insite pilis albis curvatisque; petala hau exserta, usque ad 6-5 mm. longa, superne dentato-ciliata, atro- caerulea, superiora late spathulato-oblonga, inferiora plus minusve in unguem attenuata. CotomBiA: Andes of Bogota, Saunders 390. 29. T. integrifolium, Hughes, nov. sp. (Page 81, fig. B.). Herba scandens, etuberosa (Hartweg), glabra. Folia esti- pulata; petioli graciles, vix cirrhosi, 4-6 cm. longi; laminae integrae vel subintegrae, suborbiculares vel rotundato-ovatae, 45 cm. longae, partibus suprapetiolari et are acs ratione 1-5-2: 1, rubro-punctatae vel marmoratae, epapillosae. Pedicelli gracillimi, cirrhosi, valde petiolos superantes, cai ad 12 cm. longi. Flores 4-5 cm. longi; calcar rectum, anguste conicum, 3 cm. longum, basi usque 5 mm. diametro; sepala elliptica, obtusa, viridia; petala majuscula, usque ad 7-5 mm. longa, haud exserta, superne dentato-ciliata, superiora late obovato- cuneata, anguste unguiculata, inferiora minora, subunguiculata. T. cirrhipes, Benth., Pl. Hartw. 166. non Hook. Cotomp1a: Andes of Popayan, Hartweg: without precise locality, Lobb 6. 30. T. kerneisinum, Hughes, nov. sp. (Page 81, fig. E.) Herba scandens. Caulis gracilis, subanfractuosus, internodiis 1-5-2 em. pro glabrescens. Folia i Sea — minutae, lobis 3-5, 2-5-3 cm. a 8 prio vel one latiores, supra subtusque rubro-marmoratae, epapillosae. Pedicelli graciles, glabri, subcirrhosi, circiter 4-5 cm. longi. Flores glabri, usque ad 3 ecm. longi; calcar coccineum, subcurvatum, angustum, a basi sensim attenuatum, apice obtusum, fere 2-5 cm. longum, basi 3 mm. diametro; sepala viridia, obtusa, ovato- vel elliptico- oblonga; petala non exserta, usque ad 5 mm. longa, superne dentato-ciliata, atroviolacea, superiora late ae ae Ge vix vel brevissime unguiculata, inferiora cuneata, basi anguste attenuata. E : f } } i i ! A. trilobum. B. T. pentagonum. C. 1. adpressum. D. T. pseudo- Sree: all natural size. a. petalum inferius. b, petalum Hearse 85 CotomBia: Andes of Pasto, Chimbalan woods, André 2951. 31. T. pentagonum, Hughes, nov. sp. (Page 84, fig. B.) Herba scandens. Caulis gracilis, teres, ad nodos pubescens caeterum glabrescens. Folia stipulata; stipulae minutae, deciduae ; petioli graciles, subcirrhosi, 2-2-5 cm. longi; laminae glabrae, pentagonae, basi late vetusae, quinquelobae, lobis obtusis interdum minute apiculatis, lobo infimo cum intermedio fere confluente, terminale late ovato, nervis primariis rectis, circiter 2-5 cm. longae lataeque vel paulo latiores, partibus suprapetiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 3:1, supra subtusque rubro-marmoratae, epapillosae. Pedicelli graciles, vix cirrhosi, subpubescentes, ad 6 cm. longi. lores sei pubescentes, 3 cm. longi; calcar rectum, anguste conicum, ad 2-3 cm. longum, basi 5 mm. diametro; sepala elliptico-ovata, obtusa; petala parva, haud exserta, spathulato-cuneata, superiora 5 mm. longa, inferiora 4 mm. longa, superne tenuissime dentato-ciliata. CoLomBIA : Boqueron de Bogota, 2800 m., André 770. 32. T. trilobum, Hughes, nov. sp. (Page 84, fig. A.) Herbascandens. Caulis gracilis, ad nodos pubescens, caeterum glaber. Folia estipulata; petioli glabri, graciles, subcirrhosi, 3-4 cm. longi; laminae glabrae, ambitu rotundato-ovatae, basi late convexae vel subtruncatae, trilobae, lobis latis obtusis, em. longae lataeque vel paulo _latiores, Mma tied supra- petiolari et infrapetiolari ratione 6-5: 1, marginis integris ve subcrenulatis, subtus rubro-marmoratae, epapillosae. Pedicelli graciles, subcirrhosi, vix petiolos superantes. lores glabri, extra coccinei, 2-5-3 em. longi; calcar rectum, conicum, 2 cm. longum, basi 6 mm. diametro; sepala elliptica, obtusa; petala haud exserta, atro-caerulea, 5 mm. longa, superne dentato- ciliata, dentibus 3, superiora late obovata in unguem angustum contracta, inferiora obovato-spathulata. Cotompia: Afradita near Fusagasuga, 2000 m., André 1386. X.—PHYTOPATHOLOGY IN THE UNITED STATES. E. J. Bouter. With the permission of the Committee of the Imperial Bureau of Mycology the Report by Dr. E. J. Butler, Director of the Bureau, on his visit to America during July and August 1921 is here reprinted with a few omissions and alterations. We are glad to have been allowed to bring the Bureau of Mycology and its value to the Empire to the notice of a wider public through the medium of the Bulletin: The immediate purpose of my visit to the United States was to attend a Conference on the diseases of cereals held by the American Phytopathological Society at St. Paul (Minnesota) and . 86 Fargo (North Dakota) from July 19th to 23rd. The more important objects were, however, to visit a number of the chief centres of agricultural and botanical research in the eastern, southern and middle western States, and to meet as many of those engaged in research and the organization of research in these subjects as was possible in the time at my disposal. The specific aims that I had in view were : (1) to bring the international aspects of the work of the Imperial Bureau of Mycology before our American’ colleagues; (2) to enlist their co-operation in certain branches of this work, and to ascertain what assistance we might expect to obtain in the United States; (3) to examine the organization and present development of the study of plant pathology and its application to the prevention and control of crop diseases in the United States; and (4) to visit some of the chief crop areas of the eastern half of the country and see the conditions under which the crops are grown and the measures taken to improve varieties and methods. The time at my disposal was insufficient to carry out this last adequately. The Conference on cereal diseases was attended by some fifty members of the American Phytopathological Society (including several Canadians), a few American visitors, and representatives from England, Japan, Australia, and the Philippines. It met at St. Paul from the 19th to the 21st of July, moved to Fargo on the night of the 21st, and terminated there at 10 p.m. on the 22nd. The daylight hours were mostly given to field meetings at the experimental farms at St. Paul and Fargo and automobile trips through the wheat belt of Minnesota and North Dakota, while meetings to discuss specific subjects were held in the evenings. The members were also taken through one of the largest elevators and flour mills in Minneapolis. The Conference concerned itself chiefly with the cereal rusts, particularly with the control of black rust by breeding resistant varieties, and the campaign for eradicating the barberry, on which this parasite spends part of its life; with the diseases caused by Helminthosporium, Fusarium, and Sclerospora; and with the newly introduced “ take-all”’ and “* flag-smut ” of wheat. There is probably more work being done on these subjects than on any other branch of plant pathology in the United States at the present moment, and we had the benefit of having this work explained, and in some cases demonstrated, by those actually engaged in it. Educationally, the Conference was of considerable value. Both before and after the Conference I visited a number of scientific institutions east of the Mississippi from Michigan to New Orleans, with a view to establishing direct relations with American mycologists and plant pathologists. Owing to the prominence given to the study of these subjects there are at present more men at work on them in the United States than in any other country. This work is being pursued not only in institutions specifically for applied science, such as the Bureau of Plant Industry at Washington and the State Experiment Stations, 87 but also in many of the Universities, such as (amongst those I visited) Cornell, Purdue, Illinois, St. Paul, and Wisconsin. The future. It seemed most important to enlist the interest of American workers in the Bureau of Mycology, and I found this the more easy in that the entomologists in several of the institutions visited were very familiar with the Imperial Bureau of Entomology in London and spoke highly of its value. At Wood’s Hole, and the Cereal Conference, I met a number of members of the staff of institutions that [ was unable to visit. Considerable interest was evinced in what was regarded as a new departure likely to be of value to workers in other countries. Most of the institutions visited are prepared to exchange their publications with those of the Bureau. In several cases I asked if I could count on the direct assistance of specialists in particular subjects, and in all these found the greatest readiness to co-operate. I am sure that our work will be supported and encouraged very generally in America, and that we can get an immense amount of help there. {In Washington, in particular, I was promised invaluable assist- ance, everyone I approached, from Dr. Taylor, Chief of the Bureau of Plant Industry, downwards, being most cordial. The National Research Council and the Editorial Board of Botanical Abstracts were other bodies that undertook to give us any help they could, and the discussions I had with members of the latter Board were particularly useful in helping to determine the lines on which our new abstracting journal can be made most serviceable. The trend of research work in America is towards specialization, as it is elsewhere, but American workers have been accused of carrying this to too great a length. This is, I think, to misunder- stand the organization of research in that country. Though the individual is specialized, problems are approached from a wider angle than probably in any other country. One of the best illustrations of this can be got from the “ project plan of the organization of work in the Department of Agriculture. This is merely the co-operative investigation of a problem by a group of specialists under a project leader, each worker taking a particular aspect of the problem in which he is specially competent, but all keeping in touch with one another and with the project leader. The greatest care is taken, as a rule, to preserve the independence of the individual and to give the fullest play to original initiative and freedom of research. The inquiries are carried out at various centres, Federal and State officers co-operating in the work, and the former being posted, when necessary, to the State re most suitable for the purpose. Half-a-dozen men may be working in several different States in close co-operation and under a common leader, but each carrying out a different side of the investigation, and with complete freedom of action. 88 The system was a result of the frank recognition of the fact that many, perhaps most, of the chief inquiries that needed to be taken up were beyond the capacity of any single individual to bring to a successful conclusion within a reasonable time, and that, for their solution, the separate aspects of each problem required very highly competent specialistic work, such as can only be acquired by deep or intensive study rather than by a broad survey. I believe this is the correct way to attack such problems, and that it is only in very rare cases that an investigator can be found whose knowledge of the several distinct aspects which the problem may present is deep enough to enable him to explore all or many of them adequately. It is worthy of note that the National Research Council is working along somewhat similar lines. It is an organization established in 1916 by the National Academy of Sciences to advise and assist in applying the scientific and technical resources of the country to the objects of the War, and made permanent by an Executive Order of President Wilson’s Government in 1918. It is not, however, in the usual sense a governmental institution. Its chief objects are to organize research, to stimulate research and its application, to formulate comprehensive projects of research and to promote co-operation “in order to secure concen- tration of effort, minimise duplication, and stimulate progress ; but in all co-operative undertakings to give encouragement to individual initiative.” It is controlled by its own members, who include representatives of the chief scientific and technical societies, government representatives, and members at large amongst whom, in 1920-21, were Mr. Elihu Root and Mr. Herbert Hoover, together with several leaders in industry, engineering, and the Press. It is supported by other than Government aid) but maintains close contact with Government departments in several of its divisions. In its attempts to bring together scattered work and workers, and to assist in co-ordinating scientific attack on large problems, it has largely adopted the “ project plan,” by the establishment of special committees of experts, which plan modes of attack and undertake to find men and means for carrying out the plan. There are about eighty such committees, and many .of them have obtained appropriations from industrial and agricultural sources for specific research, ¢.g., one from the Southern Pine Association of $10,000 for maintaining certain forestry researches, and one which is now being negotiated with a group of tobacco growers and manufacturers for the study of tobacco diseases. Through the Council, there is also being organized an Institute for Research in Tropical America which will have a very definite bearing on some aspects of the work of the Bureau of Mycology. I had the advantage of discussing these and other activities of the Council with Dr. L. R. Jones, Chairman, and Dr. McClung, past Chairman, of the Division of Biology and Agriculture, and Dr. Yerkes, Chairman of the 89 Research Information Service of the Council, who is Resident Director of the Service at the headquarters in Washington. The opportunity I had of examining the working of the latter service was of particular interest, since it is engaged on work very similar to the “informational” side of the work of the Bureau of Mycology. The question of abstracting and indexing scientific literature is occupying the attention of various organizations in America. A joint committee of the National Research Council and the American Association for the Advancement of Science was formed to consider this matter in 1920, and the question of taking steps for the establishment of an international institute for scientific bibliographical work is being examined, Dr. Kellogg being now in Switzerland on behalf of the National Research Council with a view to reporting on the utilization of the Concilium Bibliographicum at Zurich as a nucleus for the proposed institute This is a matter of direct interest to the Bureau of Mycology. In a general way, much more attention is being paid to the “business ” side of the organization of scientific work in the United States than elsewhere, and this is coupled with the development of ‘‘ team work ” in attacking important problems. They are recent developments and have not yet begun to produce their full effects, but the thoroughness of the preliminary prepara- tion and the numbers who have combined to give effect to these aims make it certain that the result will be a vast stimulation of research activities. It was several times remarked to me that the formation of the Bureaux of Entomology, Tropical Diseases, and Mycology in London was evidently in response to similar needs, and that we should keep in close touch with one another. In the development of closer international relations, the trend in America is in favour of separate national organizations in the different countries with close mutual relations rather than single international institutions such as the International Institute of Agriculture at Rome. In our work we cannot fail to develop international contacts, and the sympathetic attitude towards such contacts (especially with the British Empire) which I found to be pretty general in the States will be well worth consolidating. I found a very wide recognition of the truth that phytopathology is as definitely an international interest as public health, and in several addresses at functions which I attended the formation of the Bureau of Mycology was welcomed on account of the inter- national significance of its work. : : The chief places visited with the special object of seeing the work on crop improvement and diseases were St. Paul (Minnesota) for cereals, Fargo (North Dakota) for flax, Baton Rouge and Audubon Park (Louisiana) for sugarcane and rice, Hartsville (South Carolina) for cotton and maize, New Haven (Connecticut) or tobacco and maize, St. a one vane ip fruit, Lansing (Michigan), Lafayette ana), an (Illinois) for ni = and vegetables, and Cornell (New York e. for maiz 90 ' The principal objects were to see what work was actually being done in certain areas on these crops, and to get into personal touch with the men in charge of this work so as to facilitate future relations. The chief value of this will be that I shall be better able to apply or to refer applications from overseas correspondents of the Bureau to the most likely American source of assistance in special inquiries. Want of time prevented me from fully carrying out my programme in this direction, What I saw convinced me that America is far ahead of other countries in the general applica- tion of modern methods of plant breeding and the use of fungicides for the reduction of the wastage due to disease. Maize, wheat, cotton, beans, sugarcane, tobacco, and fruit were the principal crops seen in which these methods were being applied with the greatest success. The very great attention directed to this matter in the United States is the result not only of the magnitude of their agricultural industry, but also of the generally great severity of the diseases of their crops. On the whole, the diseases of plants that have an economic value are distinctly worse in the United States than in Europe, though not worse than in some of the overseas parts of the British Empire. The reason for this appears to be that there are two factors concerned in intensifying diseases in countries that are newly opened up to settled agriculture. (1) the crops grown are largely exotic, and hence become exposed to the attack of indigenous parasites against which they have not developed powers of resistance; (2) with the introduction of new plants of economic value, exotic parasites are brought in, and some of these develop into serious pests of pre-existing plants in their new home. In Europe both these factors doubtless operated in the past, and the latter was responsible for the enormous ravages of introduced vine diseases in the last century. But the process has been very gradual in Europe as compared with America, and the centuries- long history of the operation of these two factors in Europe has been condensed into the last century, or even half-century, in the United States, especially in the centre and west of the country. The same phenomenon is marked in many of the British overseas possessions, and is likely to become increasingly evident in some ‘in the future. It is impossible to exaggerate the value to a working mycologist of a tour in the United States at the present time. In the last ‘ten years the study of the diseases of plants in that country has progressed until it now easily leads the rest of the world. Since the War, American phytopathologists have redoubled their energies, and the next ten years will, I believe, see an accelerated progress. The most noticeable feature at the moment is the concentration of numbers of workers on certain fundamental problems, such as the etiology of the mosaic group of diseases, biological specialization in parasitic fungi, and the factors _ ‘determining resistance or susceptibility to disease. Innumerable new points of view and critical attacks on many existing concep- 91 tions regarding parasitism and plant diseases generally are en- countered, and a new science of phytopathology is being built up on the basis of the intimate relationship between host-plant, parasite, and external conditions. It is essential for the progress of mycological science in this country that we should keep in close touch with current developments and trends of thought in the United States. Mere knowledge of the literature does not sufficiently satisfy this need, as the value of published work is often difficult to appraise at a distance and trends of thought are usually in advance of publication. The practice of sending British mycologists to the United States in response to the annual invitations that have been issued during the past few years by the American Phytopathological Society is a sound one, and its cost will be more than repaid in the increased efficiency of their work. To the Bureau of Mycology there is a special advantage over the general one referred to above, in that both as a centre for distributing information and an organization for working out the parasitic fungus flora of the outlying parts of the Empire we will require all the assistance we can get from other workers. As a result of my visit, I feel that we can rely confidently on receiving a great deal of help from workers in the United States. -XI.—RECOVERY OF HEVEA TREES AFTER RINGING When at the Agege plantation, Nigeria, in the spring of last year (see K. B., 1921, p. 234), I was interested to see the way in which the Hevea rubber trees had recovered from the ringing of the stems which had been done with the object of killing superfluous trees in order to thin out the plantations. Mr. A. H. Kirby, late Asst. Director of Agriculture, Southern Provinces, Nigeria, in whose company I visited the plantation, has been good enough to send over two specimens of ring} trunks to Kew from one of which the photograph, here reproduced, has been taken. Unfortunately the trunks suffered a good deal of damage in transit, but’they show remarkably well the bridging across of the ring, more than two inches broad, by the growing down of callous growth from the cortical tissues above the ring to meet and rejoin with the cortical tissues on the lower side of the ring. On account of the rate at which this growth was made, and certain other particulars in the behaviour of the ringed trees, it appears desirable that the results of this ringing experiment should be recorded, and Mr. Boodle has added some notes on the specimens. . A. W. H. Mr. Kirby has kindly furnished the following particulars of the ringing of the trees and of their recovery he Para Sa trees at Agege, that were tapped severely before their inten eae ao 92 removal in order to give room for the remainder, were ringed. about a foot above ground in the dry season (December to February inclusive) of 1918-19, the cuts being two inches or so wide and care being taken that everything outside of the wood stumps eight to twelve feet in height; both these and those which had not been cut in any way since ringing were nearly all still alive and growing well, except. where fires had been made against some of the stumps for the purpose of killing them because ringing failed. In most cases these living stumps and trees had gaits or completely grown a layer of wood and. bark down- ward across the ring (see figure) in the form of a bridge, the breadth of the latter (horizontally) being usually from two to three inches, but six and seven inches respectively in the two specimens; there was Lgerenrs only one such bridge, but some- times two. The ringing had apparently had no effect on the top growth (branches and leaves) of the unlo the ‘stumps’ had branched prolifically right at the top, anes being, however, a tendency towards the formation of small, 93 weak branches lower down, in almost. every case (where they appeared) at the upper part of the new layer across the ring.* o not remember seeing any such lower, weak branches where this layer had not yet reached the under side of the ring. The leaves of the whippy, green branches formed by the stumps had the abnormally large leaflets that are characteristic of old or transplanted rubber seedlings. This apparently uninterrupted growth after ringing, and energetic renewal of growth after stumping and ringing, say much for the vitality of the Para rubber tree, especially when it is remembered that the trees under discussion had been tapped so severely that cuts for the tapping were made on the untouched half of the trunks before any bark renewal could take place on the half already tapped.” The effect of ringing on these trees, as described by Mr. Kirby, affords an example of rapid partial healing of wounds, involving the growth of callus and the formation of a layer of wood and bark over a vertical distance of two inches or more, within about twelve months from the time of ringing. In the two specimens sent to Kew, the cut appears to have been more than two inches across, the vertical growth made by the bridge being probably about 24 inches in the smaller stem, and nearly 3 inches in the larger. The specimens measure about 36 and 46 inches in circumference at the upper end, 1.e., at about a foot and a half above the soil. The trees were probably about twelve years old. : Petch} notes that ‘‘on young Hevea, wounds heal rapidly and completely,’ but adds that “experimental wounds, two and a half inches square, on twenty-three-year-old trees, have made very little progress towards a complete reconstruction of the bark in three years.” The latter statement apparently implies a much slower growth of callus than that observed by _Mr. Kirby, referable in part, perhaps, to a difference between the two lots of trees as to age and vigour, and possibly depending also on the difference in the nature of the wound. © In the case of some doubly ringed Hevea trees (said to be twelve years old, and badly grown), described by Petch,t it was found that, after fifteen months, complete or partial healing of one or both rings had taken i in nine out of sixteen trees. Each of the two rings was one inch wide. These data horatah include any record of such rapid growth of callus as that observed by Mr. Kirby. The lack of appreciable damage to the top growth twelve months after ringing, as noted by Mr. Kirby, is not very surprising in a tree with a large amount of sap-wood like Hevea. ae sap-wood was in fact found to extend right to the ea of t. m8 larger of the two specimens. Hence, although the wo Sts ; by ringing had, no doubt, become dead, dry and incapable o * Cf Petch, The Physiology and Diseases of Hevea brasiliensis, 1911, "+ Petch, loc. cit., p. 71- t Petch, loc. cit., p. 70. 94 conduction to some slight depth below the bare surface, one may assume that abundant conduction of water upwards through the ringed region would still be possible for a long time. The roots also would be able to carry on efficient absorption for a prolonged period, there being plentiful reserves of food-materials below the ring to provide for their growt As soon as a bridge has been formed across the ring, supplies from the crown can naturally pass down to the roots, and an approach to normal conditions for their nutrition is thus made. Me. L. iwhon Brain.—We learn that Mr. L. Tepten Brain, recently Director of Agriculture, Federated Malay States, has been appointed Technical Adviser in Agriculture to the Govern- ment of the Federated Malay States. Mr. GEOFFREY CorBETT has been appointed by the Secretary of ciate for the Colonies, on the recommendation of Kew, Assistant Superintendent of Agriculture in the island of Rodriguez. RETIREMENT OF LizuUT -CoL. SiR Davip Pratn.—The late Director retired on February 28th and has been succeeded by Dr. A. W. Hill, F.R.S., Assistant Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens since 1907. Sir David Prain was appointed Director in December 1905 (see K.B. 1905, p. 62). On February 22nd, when the staff were kindly entertained at a farewell party by Sir David and Lady Prain, the occasion was taken advantage of to offer parting gifts to Sir David and Lady Prain and to hand to Sir David the following letter :— To Lizut.-CoLtoneL Sm Davip Prain, I.M.S., C.M.G., C.1.E., F.R.S. We, the undersigned members of the Staff of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, are desirous of taking the occasion of your retirement to express our cordial appreciation of the m any and valuable services that you have rendered to Kew, to botanical and horticultural science, and to ourselves personally, during the sixteen years of your beneficent adminis- tration. During a period marked by years of unparalleled varia P hab have been successful, by an unwearying devotion to the of the he in spite of the hampering influences of the war, great and lasting progress has been made. The splendid work of your predecessors has been consoli- dated and the reputation of Kew has been advanced from a high to a higher plane. Your duties as Director of Kew, onerous as they are, have not constitut- ed your only public service. Government have availed themselves freely of yorE knowledge and judgment by calling upon you to serve on many u have been ieee of yourself in the interests of science. You have posites it as — of the Botanical Section of the British Associa- tion, involving a visit to Winnipeg, as President of the Linnean Society, and as ara Pas cs en Treasurer of the Royal Bote of London. 95 These are but a few of the many offices to which you have been called, and your sain to them has been a well-deserved tribute to your scholar- ship and your a The wel amelioration in the conditions of service sa Kew during your tion tainments as a Botanist, and has been an honour to Kew. who has not experienced some ur administra-. earnestly hope that your life and health may be preesed for many aggget and that sad may be happy years for you and Lady Pra e of yen me Tere We shall ence you with genuine affection aan este (Signed) ArTHuR W. Hitn Assistant Directo J. AIKMAN Assista: cx Director’ s Office Keeper of He page and Library. ‘Aiaoeate: Herbari do. do. A. SPRAGUE do, do. Exstz M. WAKEFIELD do. do. . B. Ture do. do. J. HurcHrnson do. do. . Brarp do. do. 8..T. Dunn —— for India, THUR KE A. F. Frroa Sub- hesitant: Herbarium. M. G. AIKMAN do. do. D. K. Huexes Temporary gee ais Mase. I. § do. Ernest G. DuNK do os c D. R.. Grey Oo. Oo. ® do. J. Masters HILLicR Keeper of Museums. Jc 4 Orn, Assistant, Museums. W. DatimorE do. do. L. A. BoopLEe Assistant Keeper, Jodrell Laboratory. W. WATSON Curator. W. J. Bran Assistant Curato: W. N. WINN Se jetties Office W. Irvine Fore i. P; RaArr me ARTHUR OSBORN do. Wet OR do. J. Coutts G. DEAR NoRAH he Watson W. Lin eeper. She eet, Curator’s Office. Sergeant Consta i: Corn somax BurREwL Medical Officer. G. . PATTERSON L. J. Harpine Roya Borant February 28, 1922. Clerk of Works. Assistant do. is useum Preparer. c GarpEns, Kew. RerireMENt or Dr. O. Stapr.—On February 28th Dr. 0. Stapf, F.R.S., who has been Keeper of the Herbarium and Library since 1908, retired having reached the age limit. He is succeeded as Keeper by Mr. A. D. Cotton, F.L.S., formerly a member of the Herbarium staff and lately Mycologist to the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. 96 Collection of Bark Beetles—Dr. J. W. Munro, Entomologist of the Forestry Commission, has placed on loan in the Forestry Museum at Kew an almost complete set of workings of beetles which feed upon the inner -bark and outer wood of trees in the British Isles. On the different sections of wood and bark the galleries peculiar to each beetle are well defined, and students are afforded a good opportunity for comparing the workings of allied insects. At the same time, the collection of bark beetles bequeathed to Kew, with other insects, by the late Mr. A. T. Gillanders has been rearranged and added to, so that Kew now possesses a very comprehensive collection of bark beetles and their workings. The collection includes the following species :— BEETLES.—Scolytus destructor, Oliv., and S. mudltistriatus, Marsh, on Elm; S. intricatus, Ratz., on Oak, S. rugulosus, Ratz., on Plum; Aylesinus oleiperda, Fabr., H. crenatus, Fabr., and H. fraxini, Fabr., on Ash, H. vittatus, Fabr., on Elm; Myelo- philus minor, Hart., and M. piniperda, L. on Pine; Phloeo- phthorus rhododactylus, Marsh, on Broom; Hylastes obscurus, Marsh, on Broom; Hylastes ater, Payk., on Pine, H. spp. on roots of Pine; Cissophagus hederae, Schm., on Ivy; Cryphalus abietis, Ratz., on Fir, C. tiliae, Panz., on Lime, C. fagi, Fabr., on Beech, C. binodulus, Ratz., on Poplar; T'rypodendron lineatum, Ol., on Spruce and Larch; Pityogenes bidentatus, Herbst., on Larch and Pine; P. chalcographus, L., on Spruce, P. quadridens, Hart., on Piné; Pityophthorus sp., on Pine; Tomicus acuminatus, Gyll., on Pine and Douglas Fir, 7’. stenographus, Duft., on Pine; and 7’. typhographus, L., on Spruce; Dryocaetes villosus, F., on Oak; Xylocleptes bispinus, Duft., on Clematis; Xyleborus dispar, F., on Holly; Platypus cylindrus, F., on Oak. Weevits anD LoncHorns.—Tetropium gabrieli, Weise, on Larch; Pissodes notatus, ¥., and P. pini, L., on Pine; Magdalis armigera, Foure, on Elm; Hylobius piceus, Deg., on Spruce; H. abietis, Fabr., on Pine; Rhagium bifasciatum, F., on Pine. : WwW. D. Printed under the authority of His MAJESTY’s STATIONERY OFFICE By Eyre and Spottiswoode, Ltd., East Parding Street, E.C, 4, Printers to the King’s most Excellent Majesty. Kew Bulletin, 1922) Plate I. yo § Merve (euerr - 2b To face page 97.]| [Crown Copyright Reserved. } ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEw. BULGETIN MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. No. 3] [1922 A REVISION OF AMOREUXIA. T. A. SPRAGUE. XIV. The small family Cochlospermeae was proposed in 1847 by Planchon* for the reception of two genera Cochlospermum and Amoreuxia, which had previously been referred to the Malvaceae, Ternstroemiaceae, Cistaceae and other families. Bentham included these genera in Bixineae, tribe Bixeae,t and Warburg, who treated the Bixeae as an independent family, Bixaceae, proposed the new tribe Mazimilianeae, for their accommodation.{ They were removed from the Bizxaceae (sensu stricto) in 1897 by Engler, who restored the group to family rank as Cochlospermaceae, mainly on account of the presence of oil instead of starch in the food reserves of the seed. Van Tieghem also regarded the group as an independent family.|| : Cochlospermum includes at least 15 species, natives of tropical and subtropical America, Africa, Asia and Australia, the head- quarters of the genus being in tropical America. Amoreuxia, on the other hand, is confined to cropical and subtropical America. - Cochlospermum has a unilocular ovary, and uniform stamens, whereas Amoreuxia has a trilocular ovary, and two sets of stamens on opposite sides of the flower, one with long and the other with short filaments. This makes the flower noticeably zygomorphic. The genus Amoreuxia was dedicated by Mociio and Sessé to a Montpellier botanist, P. J. Amoreux, and was published by A. P. De Candolle in 1825.4 It was based on one of an extensive series of coloured drawings intended to illustrate Mocifio and Sessé’s unpublished Flora of Mexico, and is known only from De Candolle’s description, and a coloured copy of * Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 139 (1847); Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. 4, xvii. p. 90 (1862). Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. p. 122 (1862). t Engl. et Prantl, Pflanzenfam. il. 6, p. 310 (1895). § Engl. et Prantl, Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. p. 251 (1897). || Journ. de Bot. 1900, xiv. pp. 32-54. § DC. Prodr. ii. p. 638 (1825). # (78)17291 Wt81-—-P20 1000 4/22 98 the original drawing preserved in the Candollean Herbarium, and —— in the form of a tracing by Alphonse De Candolle in 1874 It is not known where the type species, Amoreuxia palmatifida was collected: ‘‘Sessé and Mocifio spent eight years, from 1795 to 1804, in the botanical exploration of Mexico and the adjoining countries, from Punta Arenas in Costa Rica to the mouth of the river Hiaqui or Yaqui in north-western Mexico.” + Tn 1880 Schlechtendal and Chamisso based a new genus and species, Euryanthe Schiedeana, on specimens collected by Schiede and Deppe between Manantial and Paso de Ovejas during a journey from Vera Cruz to Jalapa.j Huryanthe was reduced to Amoreuxia by Planchon in 1847.§ Planchon was at first inclined to reduce H. Schiedeana to A. palmatifida,|| but eventually decided to treat them as separate species. Under the new combination Amoreuxia Schiedeana he quoted (1) Schiede’s specimens, which he had not seen, and the synonym Euryanthe Schiedeana; (2) Coulter’s No. 789 from Sonora Alta, Mexico; (3) specimens collected by Purdie at Ibagué in Colombia. The plate illustrating his paper was drawn from the Colombian material. Five years later Asa Gray] reterred to A. Schiedeana specimens collected by Charles Wright (No. 79) on prairies near the San Pedro River, Western Texas. In the following year, Gray based a new species, A. Wrightii, on Wright’s Texas material, and applied the name A. Schiedeana to specimens collected in Sonora, Mexico, by Wright (No. 916) and Coulter.** The diagnostic characters of the two species were as follows :— A. Schiedeana. Leaves 7—-9-partite, with spathulate segments. Capsule 1 inch long. Seeds reniform.—Sonora, Vera Cruz, Colombia. A. Wrightti. Leaves 5- or sub- Ech with obovate segments, cuneate into the base. Capsule 14-2 inches long. Seeds obovoid.—Western Texas, Nuevo Leon (Monterey): . Gray accepted the geographical distribution ascribed to A. Schiedeana by Planchon, and cited A. palmatifida, D.C. as being | oe synonymous; he subsequently adopted the name A. palmatifida for the species, and treated A. Schiedeana as a belles TT ies Dess. FJ. Mex. Moc. Sessé, t. 1171 (1874). ; ae Biol. Centr -Amer., Bot. iv. p. 120 (1887). bi nog Ee p. 224 (1880), Both here and in Schiede’s account of uis journey (lc. iv. p. : 1. 3; 1829), the locality is misprinted ‘*Marantial.”” A good map of the route aes Vera Cruz and Xalapa was given by Humboldt, Atlas Geogr. Mex ee |. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 139 1eary ij | Fs Wright. i. i 29 (1852). ** P], Wright. Se (1853). tt A. Gray, rat Pl. N. Am. ed. Robinson i. ve 1, p. 207 (1895). 99 The subsequent discovery of A. Wrightii at Tantoyuca by Ervendberg extended the known distribution of that species southwards to the Mexican province of Vera Cruz.* 2 Hemsley considered that A. Schiedeana, Planch. was certainly the same as the original A. palmatifida.t He enumerated A. Wrighttt in addition to A. palmatifida, but cited under the latter species Eaton. and Edwards’ specimens from Monterey, Nuevo Leon, and Parry’s No. 37, collected on the way from San Luis Potosi to San Antonio, Texas. These should be referred to A. Wrightii, as Sereno Watson shortly afterwards pointed out.t Three species of Amoreuaia were generally recognized in 1895.8 Van Tieghem added a fourth in 1900, which differed from those previously described in its trilobed leaves and anthers opening by a single terminal pore instead of by two.|| The accepted synonymy and distribution of the four species was as follows :— 1. A. palmatifida, Moc. et Sessé—A. Schiedeana, Planch. Euryanthe Schiedeana, Cham. et Schlecht. Distris. Arizona, Sonora, Vera Cruz, Colombia. 2. A. Wrightii, A. Gray. Distris. S. W. Texas to Arizona, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, Vera Cruz. 3. A. malvaefolia, 4. Gray. Distris. Chihuahua. 4. A. unipora, Van Tiegh. Distris. Bolivia. The anomalous geographical distribution ascribed to A. palm- atifida attracted the writer’s attention. It seemed improbable that a species found once only in Central Colombia, about 4° 27’ N., should be identical with one whose nearest known locality was in Vera Cruz 15° further north. A critical examina- tion of the material of Amoreuxia in the Kew Herbarium and in the British Museum (Nat. Hist.) resulted in the recognition of five distinct species, apart from A. unipora, which is unre- presented, and A. Schiedeana, which is imperfectly known. | The seeds collected by Purdie in Colombia. = A. Gray in Das, Amer. Acad. v. p. 176 (1862). + Biol. Centr.-Amer. Bot. i. PB Pa { os ‘oc. er. Acad, xvii. p. 32 Bese | § A. Gray Syn. Fl. N. reg ed. Robinson, i. part 1, p. 207 (1895). || Journ. de Bot. 1900, xiv. p.. 48. : — 100 The specimens which served as the type of Gray’s description of A. Schiedeana (palmatifida)* were gathered by Charles Wright in northern Sonora. The same species was subsequently recorded from Arizona.t As might have been expected from the geo- graphical distribution, it is not conspecific with Kuryanthe Schiedeana (Vera Cruz), a co-type of which is preserved in the Botanical Department of the British Museum. Mature seeds of E. Schiedeana are unfortunately not known, but the shape of the leaf-segments seems to indicate a relationship with A. Wrightii. The identification of Wright’s Sonora specimens with A. palmatifida, Moc. et Sessé, appears to be better founded. Mocifio and Sessé’s drawing is not very characteristic, but the shape of the leaf-segments of the right-hand leaf lends support to Gray’s identification. Moreover, A. P. De Candolle cited under A. palmatifidat a specimen from the Herbarium of Ruiz and Pavon, then in Lambert’s. Herbarium and now at the British Museum ;$ and this specimen matches Thurber’s No. 708, and Wright’s No. 916, both from Sonora, the latter being the type of Gray’s palmatifida. Seven species of Amoreuxia may accordingly be recognised : A, palmatifida, Moc. et Sessé, A. Schiedeana (Cham. et Schlecht.), A. Wrightit, A. Gray, A. malvaefolia, A. Gray, A. unipora, Van Tiegh., and two new ones, A. colombiana, from Ibagué, Colombia, and A. Gonzalez, from northern Sinaloa. Additional species may possibly be represented by specimens collected by Palmer (No. 176) at Guaymas, Sonora, and by Rose (No. 1624) between Rosario and Colomas, Sinaloa. These were distributed as Amoreuxia palmatifida, but differ from that species in the shape of the leaf-segments. It seems undesirable to describe them as new species, however, until the capsules and seeds are known. Amoreuxia, Moc. et Sessé ex DC. in DC. Prodr. ii. p. 638 (1825); Endl. Gen. p. 1250 (1840); Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 140, t. 1. (1847); Benth. in Journ. Linn. Soc., Bot. v. Suppl. 2, p. 79 (1861); Triana et Planch. in Ann. Sc. Nat. sér. 4. xvii. p. 92 (1862) ; Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. p. 124 (1862); Baillon in Adansonia, x. p. 259 (1872); Dict. Bot. i. p. 152 (1876); Warb. in Engl. et Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iii. 6, p. 313 (1895); A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. ed. Robinson, i. part rie 206 (1895); Van Tiegh. in Journ: de Bot. 1900, xiv. hain Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnaea, v. p. 224 (1830). Cochlospermum, Baillon, Hist. Pl. iv. pp. 289, 321 (1873), pro parte. Low undershrubs. Stems erect, simple or slightly —_— 1-5-4 dm. high, arising from a stout, tuberous or woody ro * Pl. Wright. ii. p. . (1853). } A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. ed. Robinson, i, part 1, p. 207 (1895). ips 638 (1825). § Hist. Coll. ‘Nat. Hist. Dep Brit. Mus. i. pp 161, 178 (1904). 101 stock. Leaves alternate, stipulate, long-petioled, suborbicular in outline, cordate at the base, palmatipartite or palmatifid ; segments or lobes serrate (leaves rarely trilobed with crenulate lobes); mesophyll marked, especially on the lower surface, with irregular brownish dots and dashes due to the presence of resin- cells; stipules subulate, conspicuous. Flowers large, arranged in a terminal raceme, sometimes in both terminal and axillary racemes. Sepals 5, oblong-lanceolate, tardily deciduous. Petals 5, obovate, yellow, orange or reddish, contorted in the bud. Stamens numerous, in two sets on opposite sides of the flower, one with long and the other with shorter filaments; filaments filiform ; anthers linear, basifixed, dithecous, opening by two short terminal slits or pores (rarely by a single terminal pore). Ovary subglobose, finely and densely pubescent, trilocular, placentation axile; style undivided, stigma punctiform; ovules numerous, biseriate, ee or seas ropous.— Boi large, thick, im, smooth, liskzoue and crustaceous inner layer, perforated by a well-marked chalazal orifice. Hmbryo large, more or less curved; cotyledons large and thin; albumen fleshy, oleaginous Species 6-7, natives of the south-western United States (Arizona and S wW. Texas), Mexico (Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, Vera Cruz), Colombia (Tolima) and Bolivia (Santa Cruz). Type species : 4. palmatifida, Moc. et Sessé. KEY TO THE SPECIES. Leaves 3-lobed, lobes crenulate; anther = 2 a single terminal pore unvpora. Leaves 5-9-lobed, jane erinte sixther opening oe two short terminal slits or pores : Seeds not reniform ; arillode loosely fitting ee linear : Seeds globose ; arillode pilose - 1. Gonzalezir. Seeds oblong-obovoid, flattened on one side ag profile ; - 2. Wrighti. arillode glabrous Seeds reniform ; arillode aloecly appressed rhaphe very bi roa Leaves very shortly lobed, lobes subtruncate; seed broadly reniform with a wide. shallow sinus ; arillode shortly setulose * aah malvaefolia. Leaves very deeply er: Seeds with a wide pine sinus ; unis sey and rather densely pilos colombia ge with a narrow deep * sinus ; incite sparingly tulose Imperfectly ore species - - - 6. Schiedeana. 102 ‘Some of the most important specific characters being derived from the seed, it is difficult to determine several of the species in a flowering condition. The following key based on leaf- characters may be of assistance in such cases, At the same time it should be pointed out that the lobing and serration of the leaves appears to be less constant than the shape and indumentum of the seeds. ADDITIONAL Key. Leaves very shortly lobed : - - 3. malvaefolia. Leaves deeply lobed : Leaves trilobed, lobes crenulate; anther openibg by a single pore . unipora Leaves sappiitnliy ms lobe lahoe aan scmaek anther opening by two pore - 2, Wright. Leaves typically 1-9 lobed, lobes serrate; anther opening by two pores : Lobes more or less oblanceolate, eaceely narrowed. downwards from above the mi Lobes subtruncate or rounded - 5. palmatifida. zobes pointed - - 1. Gonzalezit. _ Lobes obovate or crbapeiie late Lobes subspathulate, serrate in the _ half, entire in the lower (Mexican species) - 6. Schiedeana. Lobes oblong-obovate, serrate in — upper three- quarters, entire towards the base (Colombian ee . - 4. colombiana. 1. A. Gonzalezii, Sprague et Riley, sp. nov. Caules 3-3-5 dm. alti, pilis crispulis breviter pubescentes. Folia usque ad 4-6 mm. supra basin profunde 5-—7-partita, segmento medio maximo, ceteris gradatim minoribus, extimis minimis subintegris; segmenta oblanceolata, acuta vel obtusa, puperne grosse irregulariter serrata, a medio vel altius usque ad basin cuneato-angustata, integra ; mesophyllum punctis lineolis~ que brunneis plus minusve pellucidis in facie inferiore magis. obviis notatum; petioli, ut nervi subtus, crispule pilosi, folia. ceterum glabra. Flores desunt. Capsula oblongo-ellipsoidea, 4-5-5-5 em. longa ; valvae 1-1-5 cm. latae, grosse pubescentes.. Semina globosa, sine "aiillodio vix 4 mm. diametro; arillodium. molliter pilosum Viner coutin NAME. — Mexico.—Sinaloa: Choix; Cerro del Muerto, 620 m., J.. Gonzalez Ortega 897 (type in Herb. Kew Dedicated to Sefior J. Gonzalez Ortega, to whom the Kew Herbarium is indebted for a collection of dried plants from various localities in Sinaloa and Tepic. Distinguished by its globose seeds, with a loosely fitting, softly pilose arillode. The shape of the leaf-segments is also characteristic. * 103 2. A. Wrightii, A. Gray, Pl. Wright. ii. p. 26 (1853); A. Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. v. p. 176 (1862); Hemsl. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. i. p. 56 (1879); S. Wats. in Proc. Amer. Acad. xvii. p. 324 (1882); Coult. in Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herb. ii. p- 26 (1891); Britton et Kearney in Trans. N.Y. Acad. Se. xiv. p. 36 (1894) (Contrib. Herb. Columb. Coll. No. 71); A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N..Am. i. part 1, p. 207 (1895); Havard in Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxii. p. 111 (1895). A. Schetdeana, [sic] A. Gray. Pl. Wright. i. p. 29, t. 3B (1852), exel. syn., non A. Schiedeana, A. Gray le. ii. p. 26 (1853). A. palmatifida, Hemsl. Biol. Centr.-Amer. Bot. i. p. 55 (1879), partim. S.E. Arizona. Fort Huachuca, Wilcox (fide Britton et _ $.W. Texas. Prairies near the San Pedro River, fr. July, Wright 79 (co-types in Herb. Kew. et Mus. Brit.); Laredo, Rio Grande River, Palmer 58 (Herb. Kew.) : Coanumta. El Toro, near Movano, fl. July, C. A. Purpus, 4465 (Mus. Brit.). Nurvo Leon. Monterey, Eaton and Edwards 76 (Herb. Kew.); Monterey, on rocky hills, fl. June, Pringle 1881 (Herb. Kew. et Mus. Brit.) TamaAvLipas. Between San Fernando and Crucillas, fl. April, Berlandier 3118 (Herb. Kew.) Vera Cruz. Tantoyuca, Hrvendberg 124 (fide A, Gray in Proc. Amer. Acad. v. p. 176; 1862). Also collected, without precise locality, en route from San Luis Potosi to San Antonio, Texas, Parry 37 (Herb. Kew. et Mus. Brit.). I have seen no specimens of A. Wrightii from Arizona or Sonora. S. Watson stated that the specimens collected in Sonora by Thurber belonged to this species. Thurber’s No. 708 from Santa Cruz Valley, Sonora (Herb. Kew. ), was collected in a flowering state, but I have no hesitation in referring it, in the absence of seeds, to A. palmatifida, on account of the number and shape of the leaf segments. In Gray's Synoptical Flora, Thurber’s specimen is cited under 4. Wrightii, but with a mark of interrogation. ; van As-A. Wrightii apparently occurs neither in New Mexico peccaries and other animals. ss A. malvaefolia, A. Gray, Pl. Wright. i. p. 29 (1852), in adnot. Cummuanua. Without precise locality, Scheer’s collector (type in Herb. Kew.); volcanic hills and mesas near Chihuahua, fl. : Lt — * No species of Amoreuxia is recorded for New Mexico by Wooton and Standley (Contrib. U.S, Nat. Herb. xix.; 1915). 104 Sept., Pringle 1569 (Mus. Brit.); rocky mesas near Chihuahua, fr: Aug., Pringle 1189 (Herb. Kew.). 4. A. colombiana, Sprague, sp. nov. Caules 2-2-3-2 dm. alti, pilis crispulis breviter pubescentes. Folia usque ad 5-13 mm. supra basin profunde 7-partita, segmento medio maximo, ceteris gradatim minoribus, extimis interdum lobulo integro extra supra basin instructis; segmenta obovata vel subspathulata, apice rotundata, parte basali brevi marginibus parallelis integris usque ad 1 cm. lata, ceterum grosse subdupliciter serrata; petioli, ut nervi subtus, crispule pilosi, folia ceterum glabra; mesophyllum punctis lineolisque brunneis irregularibus in facie inferiore inconspicue notatum. Inflorescentia et sepala extra dense pubescentia. Capsula ovoidea, acuta, 4-5 cm. longa, in statu applanato 3 cm. lata; valvae circiter 1-5 cm. latae, minute pubescentes. Semzna late reni- formia, 5-5-5 mm. longa, medio 2-5 mm. lato, sinu lato aperto; arillodium breviter dense pilosum. A. Schiedeana, Planch in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 140, excl. syn. et stirp. mexican. ; Triana et Planch. Prodr. p. 92 (1862). A. palmatifida, Planch. l.c. t. 1, non Moc. et Sessé. CotompBia. Tolima: plains of Ibagué, fl. and fr. May, Purdie (type in Herb. Kew.). 5. A. palmatifida, Moc. et Sessé ex DC. in DC. Prodr. ii. p. 638 (1825); Planch. in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. vi. p. 141 (1847); Alph. DC. Calques Dess. Fl]. Mex. Moc. Sessé, t. 1171 (1874); Hemsl. Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. i. p. 55 (1879), excl. syn. et specim. nonnull.; A. Gray, Syn. Fl. N. Am. ed Robinson, i. part 1, p. 207 (1895), excl. syn.; Havard in Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxii. p. 111 (1895). A. Schiedeana, A. Gray. Pl. Wright. ii. p. 26 (1853), exel. Syn. et specim. novogranatens. VERNACULAR Name. Sayas (fide Havard, |.c.) Arizona. (Fide A. Gray, l.c.; 1895). . Sonora. Northern Sonora: hills along mountain streams near Rancho Desierto, fr. Sept., Wright 916 (Herb. Kew. et Mus. Brit.); Santa Cruz Valley, Thurber 708 (Herb. Kew.). Sonora Alta, Coulter 789 (Herb. Kew.). : Also represented from Mexico without locality by a specimen in Herb. Pavon (Mus. Brit.), which was cited by De Candolle. Palmer’s No. 176 (Herb. Kew. et Mus. Brit.) from Guaymas, Sonora, has very coarsely serrate leaf-segments approximating in shape to those of A. Wrightii. Rose’s No. 1624 from between Rosario and Colomas, Sinaloa, has equally coarse serration, and the mesophyll is conspicuously marked on the lower surface with irregular brown dots and dashes due to the presence of resin. These two numbers were distributed as A. palmatifida, but the identification will remain in doubt until seeds are known. 105 Palmer’s No. 176 was identified by S. Watson with A. palmati- fida.* According to Palmer, the plant is known by the vernacular name “‘Sayas”’ and the roots, which have the taste of the parsnip and carrot, are eaten by the Yaqui Indians, and made into a preserve by the Mexicans. According to Havard (l.c.) the roots of A. palmatifida when roasted have the taste of the parsnip and carrot, and are eaten by the Papago and Pimo Indians as well as by the Mexicans under the name of “ Sayas.’ A. Schiedeana, Sprague. pee ene Schiedeana, Cham. et Schlceht, in Linnaea, v. p. 225 (1830). VERA Cruz. On the way from the town of Vera Cruz to Jalapa, between Manantial and Paso de Ovejas, fl. Aug., Schiede (co-type in Mus. Brit Planchon cannot ie quoted as the authority for the combina- tion A. Schiedeana, inasmuch as the plant which he described - and figured under that name belongs to a different species, A. colombiana, and the only other specimen seen by him (Coulter 789) is referable to a third species, A. palmatifida. Nor can Asa Gray be cited as the authority, since the two species which he identified with Huryanthe Schiedeana were A. Wrightii and A. palmatifida. The name A. Schiedeana, Planch. is therefore treated as a ‘‘nomen delendum”’ and the combination A. Schie- deana is made de novo.t 7. A. unipora, Van Tiegh. in Journ. de Bot. 1900, xiv. p. 48. Boxivia. Santa Cruz: Santiago de Chiquitos, Orbigny 915 (Herb. Paris. ex Van Tiegh. l.c Known to me only from Van Tieghem’s brief description. It differs an all the other known species by its anthers, which dehisce by means of a single pore instead of by two. If it is really an Amoreuxia, we have an — case of parallelism between this genus and Cochlospermum : Cochlospermum subgen Eucochlospermum Planch.{ has anthers which dehisce by a single pore; whereas in subgen. Diporandra, Planch.§ the anthers open by two pores. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. (Seeds of Amoreuxia.) Fig. 1.—A. Gonzalezii. Fig. 2.—A. Wrightii. Fig. 3.—A. malvaefolia. Fig. 4.—A. colombiana. as ete Fak A, arillode removed, showing chalazal orifice ah ok and hilum; B, showing arillode, hilum (below) and raphe ; , arillode removed, profile view.—All magnified x * Proc. Amer. Acad. xxiv. p. 40 (1889). t Vide Sprague in Journ. Bot. 1921, p. 156, No, 7 Pea sane Journ. Bot. vi. p. 306 (1847). Sic 106 XV. H. N. Rewcey: The genus Rigiolepis was founded by J. D. Hooker on R. borneensis figured and described in Hooker’s Icones Plantarum, t. 1160. This is an epiphytic climbing shrub with a tuberous root and stiff, thick coriaceous triplinerved leaves; the very short racemes are usually extra-axillary, hairy, with ovate coriaceous. bracts and a pair of similar but smaller bracteoles just beneath the flower. The flowers are very small and crowded, about 40 in a raceme 3to4em.long. The calyx-lobes are rigid, acute, light yellowish green, becoming yellow after the fall of the corolla, which is. little longer than the sepals, nearly globose, about 2 mm. long and white. There are 10 stamens with the filaments shorter than the anthers, and a pair of horns from the connective on the back. The fruit is unknown. It appears to be confined to the forests on the slopes of Mount Matang in Sarawak, Borneo, where it has been collected by Lobb, Haviland (no. 1020), Hullett and myself (no. 12292). Several botanists have reduced the genus to Vaccinium, but in its epiphytic habit, extra-axillary racemes, and very small flowers, it is so different from typical species of Vaccinium that. I should be unwilling to include it in that genus; if referred to. Vaccinium, however, it and the were. new species should be placed in a distinct subgenus. By some curious error Merrill has reduced © Rigiolepis: borneensis to Vaccinium acuminatissimum, Miq., with which it. has nothing in common.* W. W. Smith described it as. Vaceinium borneense, without recognising it as the original Rigiolepis borneensis.+ Rigiolepis lancifolia, Ridley, sp. nov.; affinis R. borneensi,. Hook. fil., sed ramis virgatis, foliis anguste lanceolatis acuminatis: basi rotundatis; racemis axillaribus; sepalis majoribus, corolla. paullo longiore, stigmate pulvinato. Frutex epiphyticus (?), ramis gracilibus, apicibus pube- scentibus. Folia remota, anguste lanceolata, obtusa, basi rotun- data, 3-6 cm. longa, 7-10 mm. lata, coriacea; costa supra depressa, subtus hirta; nervi intramarginales tenuissimi, a basi costae orti; nervuli laterales plurimi, curvi; petiolus crassus, hirtus, 2 mm. longus. JInflorescentiae axillares, racem perulatae, perulis lanceolatis acuminatis hirtis; racemi densi, hirti, 5-10 mm. longi. Bracteae ovato- lanceolatae, coriaceae, hirtae, costatae, 3 mm. longae. Pedicelli breves, erassi. Calyx turbinatus, hirtus, lobis 5 lanceolatis acutis coriaceis. Corolla. > * Journ. Roy. As. Soc., Straits Branch, Special Number, 1921, p. 465. - + Notes Bot. Gard. Edin. viii. 329 (“ 1915 ”). 107 vix longior, ovoidea, extus hirta. Stamina 10, filamentis brevis- simis crassis; antherae filamentis longiores, superne angustatae, tubis terminalibus brevibus, cornubus duobus in dorse e connectivo ortis quam antherae multo brevioribus. Stylus crassus, corollae aequilongus, stigmate pulvinari. BorneEo. Sarawak; near Quop, Haviland 619 (Herb. Kew.) ; Mount Start, on limestone, 540 m., Haviland 1462 (Herb. Kew.). Rigiolepis Lobbii, Ridley, sp. nov.; frutex epiphyticus, glaber, pedalis (Lobb) foliis elliptico-lanceolatis acuminatis, interdum praeter nervos intramarginales conspicuos nervis submarginalibus praeditis, racemis extra-axillaribus 5-floris. Frutex epiphyticus, pedalis (teste Lobb), ramis gracilibus glabris. Folia elliptico-lanceolata, acuminata, obtusa, in basin ad basin floris 2. Calyx hirtus lobis 5 lanceolatis. Corolla a me non visa, (teste Lobb) alba. Bacca ovoidea, hirta, 7 mm. longa, calycis lobis erectis coronata. Borneo. Sarawak; 900 m., Lobb (Herb. Kew.). The single specimen is incomplete ; it differs from A. lancifolia in the shorter, broader leaves, often showing an indistinct sub- marginal nerve in addition to the conspicuous intramarginal one. Vi suleatum, Ridley, sp. nov.; arbuscula ramis- validulis, foliis rigide coriaceis, nervis superne depressis *subtus. prominentibus; racemis in axillis fasciculatim congestis elongatis, floribus dissitis, bracteis parvis; corolla mediocri urceolata ; baceis hirtis 10-locularibus; V. acuminatissimo, Miq., affinis, sed foliis majoribus. Arbuscula, ramis juvenibus hirtis. Folia rigide coriacea, elliptico-ovata, breviter cuspidata, basi rotundata vel in basin breviter angustata, auriculis 2 parvulis ad petiolum, 9-17 cm. longa, 4-7 em. lata, supra nitida, utrinque costa et nervis demum exceptis hirtula vel glabrescentia; lamina valde quintuplinervis, nervis exterioribus a basi, interioribus paullo superius ortis, nervis intramarginalibus gracilioribus sed conspicuis additis, nervulis transversis pluribus undulatis ; petiolus crassus, 5 mm. latus, 5 mm. longus. Jnflorescentiae axillares, perulis lanceolatis acuminatis; racemi 4 intra perulas orti, fasciculatim congesti, graciles, hirti, 4 cm. longi, 12-14-flori. Flores remoti, pedicellis gracilibus hirtis 5 mm. longis. Bracteae parvae, ovatae, longe acuminato-cuspidatae, hirtae. Calyx brevis, lobis 5 ovatis acutis. Corolla urceolata, glabra, pallide flava, lobis 5 brevibus ovatis recurvis. Stamina 10, filamentis gracilibus longis hirtis ; antherae conicae basibus crassis rotundatis, tubis terminalibus brevibus, 108 cornubus 2 in dorso brevibus. Stylus elongatus, corollae aequi- longus, haud incrassatus ad apicem. Bacca subglobosa, 4 mm. longa, hirta, 10-locularis, sepalis coronata. Semina linearia, complanata, curva. Borneo. Sarawak; without precise locality, Beccarz 3780; Niah, on limestone, Haviland and Hose 3466; near Kuching, Haviland 1625. The foliage of this plant resembles closely that of Rigiolepis borneensis, Hook. fil., being thickly coriaceous, with nerves and reticulations sunk above and raised beneath, but the racemes are elongate, the bracts small and the corolla large, as in some species of Vaccinium notably V. acuminatissimum, Miq. V: monanthum, Ridley, sp. nov.; V. unifloro, J. J. Sm., affinis, re virgatum, floribus glabris Frutec ramis gracilibus virgatis, partibus juvenibus minute hirtis. Folia lanceolata, longe acuminata, basi rotundata vel in basin breviter angustata, 4-5.5 cm. longa, 1-1.5 em. lata, coriacea; nervi intramarginales tenues sed conspicul, fere a Calyx minimus, lobis 5 iaanruteibas ovatis tubo brevissimo longioribus. Corolla globosa, 2 mm. longa, dentibus 5 brevibus. Stamina 10, filamentis brevissimis; antherae quam filamenta multo longiores, lanceolatae, superne angustatae, cornubus 2 e dorso. ,Stylus longior, cylindricus. Borneo. Sarawak: Niah; on limestone, Haviland and Hose 3465. This species is allied to V. uniflorum, J. J. Smith in Ic. Bogor. t. 320. It differs in the shape of the foliage, and the completely glabrous flowers. V. wniflorum is a slender epiphyte but V. monanthum is a longer branched, twiggy plant, apparently not epiphytic. ese two species with their peculiar reduction of inflorescence to a single very small flower emitted from an axillary tuft of narrow perulae are so utterly unlike any other species of the genus Vaccinium, that it may eventually be necessary to propose a new genus for their reception. 109 XVI. GARDEN NOTES ON NEW OR RARE TREES AND SHRUBS: XxX. W. J. Bran. Aucuba chinensis, Bentham. [Cornaceae.] For many years the only Aucubas in cultivation were the common A. japonica and its numerous forms, but during his earlier journeys in China on behalf of Messrs. Veitch, Mr. E. H. Wilson introduced this species to the Coombe Wood Nursery, whence it was obtained for Kew. Bentham first described it as long ago as 1861 in his “‘ Flora Hongkongensis,” p. 138. It is an evergreen shrub found up to 9 feet high in a wild state, with glabrous young shoots and leaves. The leaves appear to be very variable in shape; on the Kew plants they are oblong, acute, rounded to cuneate at the base, coarsely and irregularly dentate, of a greyer green and duller in hue than any of the forms of A. japonica, also thicker and stiffer in texture. Mr. Rehder in “‘ Plantae Wilsonianae,’”’ Vol. ii. p. 572, describes two forms :—var. obcordata with obovate leaves tapering from a truncate apex to the cuneate base; and var. angustifolia with narrow, linear-lanceolate leaves up to 8 in. long and } to 1} in. wide. The flowers of A. chinensis differ from those of A. japonica in the petals being longer and slenderly acuminate. The fruit is red, ovoid, about } in. long, produced in short globose panicles. is shrub is a native of Western China, in the provinces of Hupeh, Yunnan and Szechuen, also of Hong Kong and Formosa. The Western Chinese forms have smaller leaves, fruits and panicles and are probably the hardier. But Wilson’s plant is not hardy at Kew and it was much injured by the frosts of December, 1920. It will no doubt be hardy in the south-western counties and of value there for planting in deep shade. There is no large-leaved evergreen shrub so useful as A. japonica for providing an under- growth up to 6 feet high beneath trees casting a dense shade. Berberis Vernae, Schneider; syn. B. Caroli var. hoanghensis, Schneider. [Berberidaceae. | ; This species was originally described by Schneider from specimens collected by the late W. Purdom in Western Kansu, China, but it was introduced to cultivation by E. H. Wilson, who found it in the Upper Min Valley, Western Szechuen, in 1910. It is his No. 4022, the seeds of which were distributed under the synonym given above. Mr. Schneider subsequently came to the conclusion that B. Caroli var. hoanghensis and B. Vernae were the same. It is a deciduous shrub 6 to 10 ft. high, with glabrous, grooved young shoots, armed at the lower part with stiff three-pronged spines, } to 14 in. long, reduced at the terminal flowering part of the shoot to a single, much smaller, needle-like spine. Leaves in fascicles of as many as eight, spathulate or oblanceolate, often quite entire, but occasionally with a few small slender teeth; 110 very variable in size in each fascicle, the smallest 4 in. long, 1 in. wide, the largest up to 1} in. long and 3 in. wide; they are quite glabrous. Flowers bright yellow, small, { in. wide, produced in April and May densely packed in pendulous racemes | to 1? in. long, }in. wide. Fruit globose, } in. wide, salmon red. B. Vernae is a vigorous grower and evidently perfectly hardy. The small pendent racemes thickly packed with flowers are very distinct and give a graceful effect. At one place in China Wilson found this shrub used for forming hedges. The specific name was given in compliment to Miss Verna Berger, daughter of Mr. A. Berger, once of the La Mortola Garden, Ventimiglia. Buddleia alternifolia, Maximowicz. (Loganiaceae.| A deciduous shrub of very vigorous growth up to 10 or 12 feet high, making shoots several feet long during the summer and forming a widely branched, loose shrub as much through as it is high; young shoots at first covered with grey scurf, soon becoming glabrous; grey and glossy the second year. Leaves alternate, entire, lanceolate, 14 to 4 in. long, } to 4 in. wide, dark dull green above, glaucous beneath. Flowers produced in June from the previous year’s growths, crowded in short-stalked clusters borne at the nodes. The corolla is bright lilac-purple, about 4 in. long, the lower part a slender cylindrical tube dividing at the mouth into four lobes. Calyx tubular, } in. long. four- lobed, glaucous and scurfy like the pedicels, which are about as long as the calyx. Although described by Maximowicz as long ago as 1880, this was introduced as lately as 1916 from Kansu by Farrer and Purdom. Its most distinctive character is, of course, the alternate arrangement of the leaves, all the other cultivated species having opposite ones. It is an attractive shrub and flowers best when grown in the sunniest spots. The flowers are fragrant, but are more so in some other species. It thrives exceptionally well in Mr. Lionel de Rothschild’s garden at Inchmery, on the Solent. It is propagated with the greatest ease by means of summer leafy cuttings. Caryopteris tangutica, Mazximowicz. [Verbenaceae. | The genus Caryopteris has been known in gardens since 1844, when Fortune introduced C. Mastacanthus from China. This new species, C. tangutica, was introduced by the late Reginald Farrer about 1915 from Western Kansu. C. Mastacanthus, a beautiful and satisfactory shrub farther south and west, has not _proved wholly hardy at Kew, although it is only during very hard winters that it is killed. It was found by Fortune near Canton, and as the climate of Western Kansu is probably colder, it is possible C. tangutica may turn out to be the hardier species. It was discovered in 1880 by the Russian traveller Przewalsky and is described as a bushy shrub 3 to 5 feet high, the semi-woody young stems as well as the undersurface of the leaves and the flowerstalks being covered with a close, grey indumentum. Leaves opposite, ovate, ? to 14 in. long, with usually four coarse, 11] rounded teeth at each side. Flowers crowded in terminal and axillary corymbs, each 1 to 13 in. wide. Corolla } in. long, bright violet-blue, with four short lobes and one long, fringed one. The calyx has a campanulate base and five lanceolate lobes which are tipped with violet. The species is allied to C. Mastacanthus but may be distin- guished by the more deeply divided lip of its corolla and the more coarsely toothed leaves. Kew is indebted to Major F. (. Stern of Highdown, Goring-on-Sea, for some plants which flowered very prettily last September. Evodia velutina, Rehder and Wilson. [Rutaceae.| The Evodias are rather handsome small trees of the Rue family and are allied to Phellodendron, differing in having exposed axillary buds whereas in Phellodendron they are concealed by the base of the petiole. H. velutina is a tree 40 to 50 ft. high, its young shoots clothed with velvety down. ‘The pinnate leaves are up to 10 in. long and composed of seven to eleven leaflets, which: are oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, obliquely rounded at the base, dull green and downy above, paler and clothed with a thick velvety pubescence beneath. Flowers yellowish white, small and very numerous, produced in August in a cluster of compound umbels at and near the end of the current season’s growths, the entire inflorescence being 6 or 7 in. long and wide; flowerstalks velvety. The individual flower is 4 in. wide, with narrowly oblong petals; calyx, ovary and the short, thick pedicel downy. Fruit } in. wide, purplish brown, downy, globose with a small beak. Seeds black and shining. This species is very distinct from the other species in cultiva- tion because of the velvety down on its younger parts. It was discovered and introduced by Wilson in 1908 (No. 994). He found it in one locality only in Western Szechuen. It first flowered in this country in the garden of Mr. C. J. Lucas at Warnham Court, Sussex, in August, 1918. It is evidently perfectly hardy at Kew. . Holboellia coriacea, Diels. {Lardizabalaceae. | Until the introduction of this species, which was effected by Mr. E. H. Wilson in 1907, the genus was only represented in gardens by H. latifolia, an old garden plant from the Himalaya which has never been much of a success in the open air except 1921. , ‘ It is a vigorous evergreen climber and although Wilson gives its height as three to five metres, it appears capable of growing very much higher. The leaves are trifoliolate, the leaflets oval or oblong-obovate, 24 to 6 in. long, 1 to 3 in. wide (the middle one somewhat larger and longer-stalked than the two lateral ones), acuminate, rounded at the base, dark lustrous green, 112 leathery and quite glabrous. The main leafstalk is 1} to 33 in. long, the stalk of the leaflets } to 1 in. long. Flowers unisexual, the males produced in a cluster of corymbs 3 or 4 in. wide at the end of short shoots of the previous year or in their Jeaf-axils ; petals dull purple, oblong, 4 in. long, 4 in. wide; stamens with pale purple filaments scarcely longer than the anthers. Female flowers borne usually three or four together in corymbs springing from the lower leaf-axils of the young shoots, the peduncle being up to 6 in. long, pedicels 1 to 2 in. long. They are rather larger than the male flowers, the fleshy petals greenish white tinged with purple; styles three, erect, cylindrical, } in. long. The female flowers were dusted with pollen, but owing probably to several severe late frosts last spring, no fruit developed. It is described by Wilson as purple, oblong, about 2} in. long and + in. wide, the white pulp it contains being edible, rather sweet, but watery and insipid. Seeds jet black. As in many of the Lardizabalaceae, the fruits are the most conspicuous, interesting and ornamental feature of the plant. H. coriacea is - readily distinguished from H. latifolia by the uniformly trifoliolate leaves ; _in the latter the leaves are often quinquefoliolate. Leucopogon Fraseri, A. Cunningham. [Epacridaceae.} At Kew and over the average climate of the British Isles, this is the only member of the Epacris family that can be grown in the open air. It is a native of New Zealand and according to Cheeseman is found there at altitudes up to 4,500 ft. A plant was obtained from Messrs. Cunningham and Fraser of Edinburgh, in 1911, which has grown ever since without protection and quite uninjured by cold. It is a dwarf evergreen shrub only 3 to 6 in. high, forming a dense tuft of more or less erect, very slender, minutely pubescent stems, which when young are almost hidden by the leaves. Leaves sessile, alternate, overlapping each other, 4 to i in. long, ', to ;', in. wide, obovate-oblong, abruptly narrowed to a slender, bristle-like apex, dull green, minutely ciliate. Flowers very fragrant, solitary, produced in the leaf-axils in May and June. The corolla is a slender tube 3 in. long, pinkish white, hairy inside, with five short, triangular lobes. The four brown anthers are attached by very short filaments to the corolla tube. Style slender, pubescent. Fruit an oblong drupe, 4 in. long, orange yellow, juicy, sweet and edible. Besides its habitats in New Zealand it has others on the summit of Mt. Wellington, Gippsland, Australia, and on the Hampshire Hills, Tasmania. It is by no means a showy plant, _ but it has botanical interest and makes a neat, low tuft for the Rock Garden. The hay-like scent of the Epacris-like flowers is also pleasing. i pendens, Rehder and Wilson. [Sabiaceae.] Of the several new species of Meliosma introduced from China, M. pendens is the most nearly related to M. cunerfolia. It is a deciduous shrub 10 to 16 ft. high, very similar in general aspect ~ 113 to that species. The young shoots are purplish and hairy ; the leaves obovate-elliptic, abruptly acuminate at the apex, cuneate at the base, sparingly toothed, 2 to 6 in. long, 1 to 24 in. wide, dull green above with short scattered hairs and a bristly midrib, paler green beneath and more conspicuously hairy there, especially on the midrib and veins, The veins are in 12 to 20 pairs ; petiole } to 3 in. long. Panicles terminal, pendulous, 4 to 8 in. jong, scarcely as wide, carrying many small, fragrant, white flowers each about 3 in. wide. Sepals five, roundish ovate, minutely ciliate; petals five, concave. Fruit globose, about the size of peppercorns, black when ripe. eliosma pendens was discovered during 1907 by Wilson in Western Hupeh, China, where it grows in woodlands at 3,000 to 4,000 ft. altitude. A plant was obtained from the Coombe Wood Nursery for Kew in 1913 and is evidently perfectly hardy, It has flowered a few times in July, but not so freely yet as M. cuneifolia ; nor does it promise to grow quite so freely. Its chief attraction is the hawthorn-like fragrance of its flowers. From M. cuneifolia it is distinguished by its pendent, narrower panicles and by the absence of tufts of hairs in the vein-axils of the leaf—so conspicuous in that species. Salix Matsudana, Koidzumi. [Salicaceae.| The species and hybrids of willow exist in bewildering numbers, but the great majority.of them are shrubs. Of genuine trees there are not many in cultivation, not so many at any rate as to preclude a welcome to this new species. It is a deciduous tree growing 40 ft. high and was introduced from China by the late . Purdom, and from Korea by J. G. Jack, to the Arnold Arboretum, thence to Kew in 1913. Two trees are growi the “‘ Seven Sisters Lawn’”’ near the fine Quercus castanaefolia and they promise to develop into elegant trees. At first minutely pubescent and yellowish, the slender young shoots become brownish grey and glabrous later. The leaves are linear, acuminate, 2 to 4 in. long, $ to 2 in. wide, bright green above, glaucous beneath and glabrous. Both the trees at Kew are female, and their cylindrical flowerspikes about 1 in. long. The flower is sessile in the axil of an ovate bract two-thirds as long as the ovary which is } in. in length, glabrous, surmounted by a dark stigma. The male aments are described as # in. long, each flower having two stamens. iM This willow is a native of the provinces of Kansu and Chi-li, but is generally cultivated in North China and probably in Korea. Wilson says it is “planted everywhere between Tientsin and Pekin.” Its nearest ally is Salix babylonica, but its comparat- ively erect habit makes it quite distinct. Tilia intonsa, Wilson. Syn. 7. tonsura, Veitch. [Tiliaceae. | This interesting and distinct new lime was discovered by Wilson in 1903 in Western Szechuen up to altitudes of 10,000 ft., and was introduced by him the same year to Messrs. Veitch’s nursery at Coombe Wood. It was obtained for Kew in 1913 : B @ 17291 114 since when it has grown admirably and proved quite hardy. Wilson describes it as a tree up to 65 ft. high with a trunk occasionally 9 feet in girth. The young shoots are thickly clothed with hairs. Leaves ovate or roundish-ovate, deeply cordate at the base, contracted at the apex to a shortly acuminate tip, evenly and minutely serrate; they are from 3 to 43 in. long, rather less wide, glabrous above except on the main nerves, covered with stellate pubescence beneath; petioles 14 to 2? in. long, pubescent. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, } in. long; petals oblong-lanceolate, 4 in. long, ;; in. wide. Fruit ovoid, 2 in. long, distinctly five-ribbed. _ Tilia intonsa is distinguished from all the other Chinese limes by its very hairy young branchlets. Other distinctive characters are the absence of tufts of pubescence from beneath the leaf in the axils of the chief veins, and the stellate form of the pubescence. The species was originally called ‘ Tilia tonsura ’’ by Messrs. Veitch and offered by them under that name in their catalogue of New Chinese Plants for 1913. It may still be grown as such in some gardens or under Wilson’s seed number 1569, but it is not common. XVII._THE GENUS HEYWOODIA. J. HuTcHrnsoy. In his work* on the Forest Flora of Cape Colony, published in 1907, . T. R. Sim described a striking new genus of Euphorbiaceae from South East Africa which he named in honour of Mr. A. W. Heywood, Conservator of Forests, Transkei. In describing this plant for the Flora Capensis the present writer had before him only very imperfect material, and in consequence the account given therein was somewhat inadequate. In revising the naming of the South African Euphorbiaceae for the National Herbarium, Pretoria, a fine series of specimens of this genus, preserved in the Forestry Herbarium of Cape Colony, has been seen, from which the following more complete and accurate description has been drawn up. on an adventitious shoot. This fact seems to point to the peltate character being an ancestral type which is retained in the seedling and in adventitious shoots produced by injury or other causes, and that the basally attached leaf is an ecological condition not yet finally established. ' Peltate leaves are almost * Sim, For. Fl. of Cape Colony, 326, pl. 140, fig. 1 (1907). + 115 unknown in Tribe Phyllantheae, so that their occurrence in this distinct and somewhat isolated genus is remarkable. They are, however, a common feature of several genera of Tribe Crotoneae, well known examples being Mallotus, Macaranga, and Ricinus. Heywoodia, Sim, For. Fi. eee, Col. 326, pl. 140, fig. 1; Hutchinson in Dyer, Fl. Cap. v. Descript. yeni Reheat dioici. "Petal adsunt. Flores 2 transita. Petals 5, quam sepala majora, imbricata, mem- branacea. Discus breviter cupularis, carnosus, margine irregu- lariter undulatus. Stamina intra discum inserta, 8-12, biseriata, exteriora libera, interiora basi circa ovarium rudimentarium trifidum minutum breviter connata; antherae 2-loculares, loculis distinctis parallelis ellipticis. Flores ¢ non visi. Fructus subsessiles, axillares, plerumque solitarii, depresso-quadrati, 4-loculares, in coccos 2-valves dissilientes demum loculicidale dehiscentes, exocarpio verrucoso tenui, endocarpio osseo stramineo 5-7-striato medio circiter 1 mm. crasso. Semina_ oblique ellipsoidea, crebre longitudinaliter striata. Hmbryo parvus, cotyle- donibus transverse elliptico-rotundatis 2mm. latis. £ rm papyraceo-elasticum.—Arbor magna, sempervirens. Folia alterna, coriacea, integra, breviter petiolata, nervosa. Flores axillares, 3 dense cea sessiles, 9 solitarii vel subsolitarii, brevissime ae llat aseoadie lucens, Sim, l.c.; Hutchinson, l.c. Arbor usque ad 17 m. alta ; rami cortice cinereo obtecti, junioribus gracilibus obtuse angulatis vel subteretibus glabris. Folia late elliptica vel ovato-elliptica, plerumque basi cuneata rarius leviter cordata, apice sensim et obtuse acuminata, 6-12 cm. longa, 2-5-8-5 cm. lata, integra, rigide coriacea, utrinque glabra et nitida; nervi laterales intra marginem conjuncti et ramosi, a costa sub angulo 45°-60° abeuntes, venis laxis utrinque distinctis ; tioli 0-5-2 em. longi, supra canaliculati, glabri. Flores g dense glomerati, glomerulis fere 1-5 cm. diametro; bracteae parvae, coriaceae, Sepala late ovato-orbicularia, subcoriacea, glabra, nitida. Petala orbicularia ad Slee king interiora apice rotundata et leviter crenulata, usque ad 2 mm. longa. Us carnosus, circiter 0-5 mm. altus, crenulato-lobulatus, glaber. Stamina 8-12; filamenta glabra; antherae 1-5 mm, longae. Ovarium rudimentarium minutum, trifidum. Fructus circiter 1-5 em. diametro, quadrangulares, sicco straminei et verrucosi, Semina circiter 8 mm. longa, brunnea Sourn Arrica, Transkei: Dwessa Forest, Sim 2594. Cwebe Forest, Elliotdale district, 19 Jan. 1916, seedling specimen, C. C. Robertson in 8. Afr. For. Herb. 1852. Cwebe and Sasa Forests, in young fruit, S. Afr. For. Herb. 2408. Ntsubane Forest, ¢ fis. Sept. 1916, G. Fraser in 8. Afr. For. Herb. 2071. Pondoland : Port St. J ohn, in forest on river bank, 20 Dec. 1896, E. E. Galpin 3486; in fruit July and Oct. 1916, P. T. Doran in 8S. Afr. For. Herb. 1892: 2113. Pungwane Forest, g fils. June, 1916, S. Afr. For. Herb. 1972. .; HeEYWwoopIA LucENs, Sim. 1, seedling; 2, flower with perianth removed; b, anther; ec, fruit seen from above; d, valve of capsule from within; e, the same from outside. flowering shoot; a, male 117 XVIII.—DECADES KEWENSES PLANTARUM NovaRum In Herpario Hort Rzecu CONSERVATARUM. DECAS CV. 1041. Indigofera rubro-violacea, Dunn [Leguminosae-Indigo- ferae] I. Gerardianae, Wall., affinis, sed racemis pedunculatis habituque laxo distincta. Frutex erectus, ramis elongatis gracilibus. Folia impari- pinnata, 5-6 cm. longa; foliola 6—-10-paria, oblongo-ovata, apice . - basique obtusa, mucronata, 0-8-1 cm. longa, utrinque tenuiter adpresse pubescentia, primo stipellata. Racemi foliis multo longiores, pedunculis 1°5-2 cm longis suffulti. Flores sub- sessiles, 0°9-1:1 cm. longi, rubro-violacei; bracteae filiformes. caducae. Calyx fere explanatus, 3 mm. longus, ut vexillum tenuiter sericeus; dentes ovato-caudati. Vezillum ovatum, 0°8-1 cm. longum, breviter unguiculatum, ungue vix 1 mm. longo. Legumen cylindricum vel subquadrangulare, acuminatum, glabrum. Inp1a. Chamba State, Robert Ellis, 1880; Parthi, 2500 m. R. N. Parker ; Kashmir, Mari, Aug. 1880, A. P. Young (Herb. Brit. Mus.). Cult. Hort. Kew; Hort. Glasnevin. This species has long been in cultivation at Kew under the name I. Gerardiana. A very similar Indigofera of old cultivation in France was described by Ventenat in 1803 as J. macrostachya (Jard. Malm. t. 44). Both these species occur in Chamba, from which State excellent dried material has recently been received at Kew from Mr. R. N. Parker. All the Indigoferas of this group vary considerably in the number of leaflets and length of peduncles at different stages of their growth and offer few reliable characters for distinction in the herbarium. 1042. Tanacetum Kennedyi, Dunn (Compositae—Anthemi- deae] 7’. nano, C. B. Clarke, affinis, sed inflorescentia subsessili et involucri bracteis lineari-spathulatis differt. ae Herba perennis, 2-4 cm. alta. Radix valida, longa, verticalis, 2-4 mm. crassa. Folia pinnata, parce sericea, segmentis ovatis acutis integris vel pauci-lobatis, basi in vaginam lineari-oblongam angustata, partem basalem caulis vestientia. Caulis 0 vel brevis, laxe lanatus. Capitula 10-12, in caput 3-4 cm. latum congesta, ~8 mm diametro, subsessilia. Involucrum campanulatum, parce lanatum; bracteae multiseriatae, lineares, 5-6 mm. longae, 1 mm. latae, virides, versus apicem rotundatum dilatatum et latera margine angusto fusco scarioso cinctae. Corolla % tubulosa, 5-dentata. Antherae inclusae, basi muticae. Ovarium glabrum ; pappus 0; stylus tandem exsertus; stigmata obtusa. Tiser. “Near Yerpa Monastery, 4342 m. in August. Sorong Serpo.” Kennedy’s Tibetan Drug n. 13. ' 118 This plant was in a collection of 27 Tibetan drugs sent in 1921 to Messrs. Burroughs and Wellcome by Col. R. 8. Kennedy, LM.S., D.S.0., M.C., and submitted by them to Kew in the condition in which they arrived, ie., small bundles of dry and very brittle plants. It has, however, been possible with care to restore the various species to a recognisable condition and even, as in this case, to make one the type of an undescribed species. As these plants are collected by Tibetans who visit localities near their homes as yet possibly unknown to Europeans and who collect moreover a mass of material with the fragments of fruit, and old and young leaves so valuable to the systematist, this small collection throws some light on the Autumn flora of Tibet. The Royal Geographical Society informs us that there is a’ Ye-pa 24 miles north of Lhasa, and it is possibly from a monastery situated there that the plants came. 1043. Pulicaria lis, J. R. Drummond MS. ex Dunn; [Compositae-Inuleae]; e sectione nova Pentachaeta, Dunn, pappi interioris setis 5 plumosis distincta; a speciebus caeteris asiaticis pappo differt. Herba insignis, perennis, erecta vel adscendens, 10-15 cm. alta, omnino dense hirsuta. Radix valida, longa, verticalis, mm. crassa, ramosa, multiceps; radicis apices molliter lanati. Caulis foliosus, 1—3-capitatus, basi lanuginosus, foliis radicalibus vestitus et vetustorum vestigiis cinctus. Folia lata, in petiolum longe attenuata; caulina oblongo-ovata, acuta, sessilia, basi obtusa, semi-amplexicaulia. Capitula heterogama, radiata, 4-6 cm. lata, floribus in ambitu ? plurimis 1-seriatis, disci 3 fertilibus; pedunculi laterales, breves. Involucrum late campanulatum; bracteae multiseriatae, lineares, acuminatae, 1-5-2 cm. longae, intimae scariosae, exteriores breviores. Recepta- culum planum, foveolatum. Corollae radii ligulatae, 2-3 cm. longae, | mm. latae, patentes; stylorum rami complanati, obtusi; disci, 3 tubulosae, 5-dentatae. Antherae inclusae, basi caudatae. Achaenia 2-2°5 mm. longa, costata, dense sericea. Pappus duplex; exterior e paleis 5 laceris 1 mm. longis, interior setis 5, 6 mm. longis plumosis. Trpet. Gyantse Hills, 8.7.07. H. M. Stewart: Chaksam, Tsangpo Valley, 4310 m. 26. 9. 04, Col. L. A. Waddell: near Yerpa Monastery, N. of Lhasa, Aug. 1921, 4310 m., a Tibetan drug Ming-chen-serpo, comm. by Col. R. S. Kennedy 26. As observed by Bentham (Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. ii. 335), Pulicaria hardly differs from Inula except in the nature of the pappus, the former has two series of hairs or scales, the latter only one, This species must for that reason be placed in Pulicaria, but the 5 plumose setae distinguish it from all other Asiatic species of that genus. As a section in Pulicaria it is equivalent in that respect to Jaubert & Spach’s ten-plumed section Decachaeta (Jaub. & Spach Il. Pl. Or. iv. 71, t. 344). It 119 seems therefore convenient to make it the type of a new section as above. 1044. Ligustrum travancoricum, Gamble PREG a L. Roxburghii, C. B. Clarke affinis quoad corollae tubus calyci aequalis sed panicula brevi depressa drupa ellipsoidea et: foliis magis coriaceis differt. Arbor parva, foliis persistentibus, ramulis eximie lenticellatis. Folia opposita, coriacea, glabra, lanceolata, apice acuminata saepe curvata, basi attenuata et in petiolum decurrentia, 5-7 cm. longa, 2-2-5 em. lata, nervi primarii utrinque 5-6, breves, arcu- atim juncti; petiolus conspicuus 1-1-5 cm. longus. Flores in paniculis brevibus supra complanatis, circiter 6-7 cm. longis, ad 10 cm. latis; pedunculus et rami glabri, pedicelli breves. Calyx campanulatus, truncatus, 1 mm. longus. Corollae tubus calyci aequalis : lobi patentes tubo paullo longiores. Stamina paullo exserta. Drupa ellipsoidea, 7°5 mm. longa, glabra. SouTHERN Inp1a. Travancore: Mutthu Kuli Vayal; 1500 m., T. F. Bourdillon 337, Oct. 4, 1894, also near Trevandrum, without number; Tinnevelly District, Mundanthviai to Karyar, Herb. Madras 12206, Sept. 17, 1915. 1045. Toxocarpus or i Gamble |Asclepiadaceae—Seca- moneae] 7’. Kleinii, W. & A., affinis, foliis lanceolatis magis nervosis, calycis lobis brevioribus obtusis differt. Frutex gracilis scandens, ramulis teretibus lenticellatis puber- ulis. Folia opposita, lanceolata vel elliptico-lanceolata, apice acuminata, basi cuneata, costa excepta glabra, 8-10 cm - longa, 3-4 cm. lata ; costa paullo incrassata parce furfuracea praecipue ad basin, nervi primarii prominentes, utrinque 7-8, primarii recti deinde in nervum intra marginalem curvati, secundarii pauci, reticulatio obscura; petiolus 2-2-5 cm. longus, ferrugineo- villosus. Flores in cymis dichotomis axillaribus ferrugineo- villosis, 3-4 cm. longis paucifloris, alabastro longe conico 6-7 mm. longo lobis sinistrorsam obtegentibus, bracteolae ovatae minutae. Calycis lobi ovati, brevissimi, eglandulosi. Corollae tubus brevis, 2 mm. longus, intus villosus, lobi lineares, 5-6 mm. longi. Corona lobis 5 oblongis obtusis, staminum columnae adnatis. Staminum columna brevis ; antherae appendiculo minute fimbriato ornatae. Stylus _— apice incrassatus, stigmate gracili recto. Fructus ignotus —— Inp1a. Tinnevelly; Ahraymalai Hills, Col. R. H. Beddome in Herb. Madr. 1046. 'Toxocarpus palghatensis, Gamble | [Asclepiadaceae—Seca- moneae] 7’. Roxburghii, W. & A., quoad corona affinis sed foliis et floribus multo majoribus differt Frutex gracilis scandens, ramulis teretibus puberulis, altioribus et innovationibus fere nigro-pubescentibus. Folia opposita, elliptica vel elliptico-obovata, apice abrupte acuminata, basi obtusa vel aliquando cuneata, supra glabra, subtus ad costam 120 prope basin furfuraceo-villosa, 10-12 cm. longa, 4-5 cm. lata; costa lata, Supra impressa ; nervi primarii utrinque 6-7 recti, prope marginem solum in nervum intra-marginale inconspicuum juncti. Flores in cymis dichotomis axillaribus fere nigro-vil- losis 2-25 em. longis paucifloris, alabastro conico 5-7 mm. longo, lobis sinistrorsum obtegentibus; bracteae et bracteolae ovatae, minutae. Calycis lobi oblongi, 1-2 mm. longi, minute glandulosi (?). Corollae tubus brevis, vix 2 mm. longus; lobi oblongi, conspicui, fere ad 1 cm. longi. Corona e lobis 5 brevibus acutis staminum columnae adnatis. Staminum columna brevis; antherae appendiculis minutis incurvatis ornatae. Stylus brevis annulum incrassatus, stigmate brevi fere capitato. Fructus ignotus. SourHERN Inpia. Malabar: Palghat Hills; about 1000 m., Col. R. H. Beddome in Herb. Madr. 1047. Brachystelma Bourneae, Gamble [ Asclepiadaceae—Cero- pegieae} B. maculato, Hook. f., affinis sed major, corollae lobis fere 1 cm. longis, pilis purpureis patentibus vel retrorsis conspicue tectis; coronae processubus subulatis 1 mm. longis. Herba erecta, tuberosa, tubere fusiformi, a 1 m. alta, caudice 3-4 mm, diametro. Folia linearia, 7-10 em. longa, 2 mm. lata, opposita. Flores in cymis axillaribus sessilibus vel breviter pedunculatis 3-floris, pedicellis filiformibus 5-15 mm. longis, bracteolis minutis ; alabastra conica, acuta, fere 1 cm. longa. Calyx 5-partitus; lobi 5 lineares, glabri, 2 mm. longi. Corollae tubus brevis, rotatus, albus, viridi-maculatus; lobi triangulari- lanceolati, apice torti, circiter 1 cm. longi, pilis purpureis patentibus vel retrorsis tecti; corona annularis, lobis subulatis 5, 1 mm. longis supra stamina inflexis. Stamina brevissima, obtusa ; pollinia globosa, apicem versus pellucida, caudiculis brevissimis. Styli apex pentagonus. pk ean ignotus Sournern [xpra. Madura District : Pulney Hills; on Kodaikanal Ghat and in Perumal and Vilpatti Valley, east slope, May 1898 and June 1899, Sir A. G. and Lady Bourne, 1020, 2751, 2752. 1048. Brachystelma Rangacharii, Gamble {Asclepiadaceae— Ceropegieae| species insignis, ab aliis speciebus indicis corollae lobis longis linearibus gradatim attenuatis intus lanitie albida tectis facile distinguenda. Herba erecta, tuberosa, ad 80 cm. alta, glabra, _ 2-3 mm.. diametro. Folia linearia, 6-8 cm. longa, vix mm. lata, verticillata (3 in verticillis). Flores in eymis at ake axillaribus sessilibus cireiter 5, pedicellis filiformibus, 1 cm. longis, bracteolis multis minutis. Calyx 5-partitus; lobi 5 lan- ceolati, acuminati, glabri. Corollae _tubus brevissime campa- nulatus; lobi lineares, erecti, 1-1-5 em. longi, intus lanitie albida eximie tecti; corona annularis undulata, lobia subulatis 5 circiter 2 mm. longis glabris. Stamina brevissima, obtusa; pollinia globosa apicem versus pellucida, caudiculis brevissimis. Styli apex pentagonus, fere planus. Folliculus ignotus. 121 SourHERN Inp1a. Coimbatore District; Hassanur, Aug. 26, 1914, K. Rangachari in Herb. Madr. 10654. 1049. Stereospermum angustifolium, Haines | Bignoniaceae— Tecomeae]; species Stereospermo chelonoidi et S. suaveolenti, squamis lanatis, ab hac fructu inter alios characteres etiam differt. r arva ramulis nodosis, foliis ramulorum apicibus confertis, rhachide pubescente. Foliola 7-9, oblonga vel lanceo- lato-oblonga, acuminata, 8-16 cm. longa, 3-5 em. lata, infima autem saepissime minima, basi acuta vel subacuta, subtus pubescentia aut rarius glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque 6-10 saepe rufis; petioluli 3-9 mm. longi, neque tantum tenues quam ei S. chelonoidis, DC., neque tantum crassi quam ei S. suaveolentis. Panicula laxa, brachiata, 12-25 cm. longa, pubescentia sed quam ea 8. uaveolentis minus viscosa, ramulis ultimis 3-floris. Flores: purpurei, 2-2-5 cm. longi. Calyx pubescens, 5-8 mm. longus, dentibus 3-6 brevibus apiculatis (praesertim in alabastro). Corolla extus glabra vel parce pilosa, intus antice dense villosa, postice glabra, circa filamentorum basin non lanata. Stamina glabra aut versus basin parce pilosa, antherarum thecis divaricatis. Capsula cylindrica, 30-45 cm. longa, 7-9 mm. diametro, interdum 4 lineis tenuibus longitudinalibus instructa, brunnea, dense lenticellata. Semina cum alis membranaceis 2-5-3-1 em. longa, alis apicibus obtusis aut sublaceris—S. chelonoides, var. angustifolium, Haines, Descr. List Trees, ete. Southern Circle, Centr. Prov. p. 169 (1916). Inpra. Central Provinces, Haines 3433; “Province of Bihar & Orissa : Angul, Haines 4959; Sambalpur, Haines. S. chelonoides of De Candolle does not appear to me to be the Bignonia chelonoides of Linnaeus filius. There is a specimen of the latter in the Linnean herbarium, named, according to Dr. Jackson, in the handwriting of the younger Linnaeus. It was collected by Kénig in 1777 and Dr. Jackson kindly referred to a letter from Konig of the same date written from Tranquebar which leaves no doubt that it is a South Indian tree collected near that locality. It is a very pubescent or even hirsute plant with the young leaves tomentose whereas S. chelonoides according to De Candolle is glabrous. The shape of the leaflets is elliptic and caudate exactly as in S. chelonoides, DC. but there is an important difference in the petiolules being short and rather stout instead of slender and the panicle is closely pubescent not glabrous as in De Candolle’s species. In the N orth Indian Stereospermum tetragonum, DC., united with S. chelonoides, DC., in the Flora of British India, the corolla has woolly scales at the base of the filaments and these also are present in S. chelo- nodes, DC., but they do not occur in our plant. Whether or 122 of the corolla and its indumentum is more like that of our plant and of S. suaveolens than of 8. chelonoides, DC. 050. Premna calycina, Haines [Verbenaceae—Viticeae] : species adhue cum P. barbata, Wall., conjuncta, sed inter alia calyce magno venoso anthesi nec alte 4-lobato nec Jobis angustis, etiam floribus majoribus, foliis glabrioribus magis dentatis differt. Arbor parva, inermis, usque ad 10 m. alta, cortice pallido. Folia elliptico-oblonga, lanceolata vel ovata, rarius obovata, acuminata, plus minusve serrata vel dentata, 8-20 cm. longa, 4-11 em. lata, glabra vel in nervis subtus puberula, basi rotundata, obtusa vel breviter cuneata, nervis lateralibus 4-6, quorum 1-2 prope basin, petiolis 1-5-4 cm. longis glabris, vel supra leviter pubescentibus. Panicula parva, terminalis, minute pubescens, corymbosa, 3-6 cm. diametro, bracteis minimis caducis. Calyx inflato-campanulatus, anthesi sub-bilabiatus, 2 mm. longus, parce glandulosus, labio superiore nunc perspicue | 2-lobato lobis imbricatis rotundatis nunc subintegro, labio inferiore obscure 3-lobato; calyx fructifer 2-5 mm. longus latusque, insigniter venosus, alte 2-labiatus vel inaequaliter 2-5-lobatus. Corolla alba, 5-6 mm. longa, tubo 3 mm. longo, -lobis 4 late-oblongis rotundatis, fauce villosa. Stamina exserta. Stylus minute 2-fidus. Drupa globosa, 3 mm. diametro, puta- mine verrucoso. Inp1s. Bengal, Bibar and Orissa, and the Central Provinces, frequent. Whereas P. barbata, Wall., is chiefly a species of the lower Himalaya and adjacent moister regions, P. calycina extends into vd the Peninsula. The typical Premna barbata (Wall. No. 1768) from Nepal has pubescent entire or very slightly toothed leaves though Clarke in Flora of British India iv, 579 appears to regard as typical the form with more toothed leaves and to class the sub-entire leaved form as a variety “anodon.”’ The calyx of P. barbata is very little enlarged in fruit and the latter is often pyriform. Brandis (Forest Trees, p. 511) states under P. barbata ** calyx lobes enlarged and ribbed in fruit.” This remark no doubt is applied to his specimens from Singbhum and _ the Central Provinces which are P. calycina mihi. XIX.—NOTES ON CYPERACEAE. I. (Pycreus pumilus and Pycreus hyalinus.) W. B. Ture. An unfortunate question of nomenclature has arisen in con- nection with the writer’s revision of North Indian Cyperaceae for Mr. J. F. Duthie’s “ Flora of the Upper Gangetic Plain,” and it seems advisable to clear the matter up in a separate paper. - 123 Following C. B. Clarke in Hooker’s “ Flora of British India ” and elsewhere the genera Pycreus and Cyperus are being kept distinct for the present as a matter of convenience, although it is realized that Pycreus is polyphyletic, its species having been derived from various sections of the genus Cyperus, by reduction of the trigonous nut and 3-fid style to a laterally compressed biconvex nut and 2-fid style. Similarly the genus Juncellus is composed of species derived from several different sections of one sense, artificial. On the other hand they are convenient, definitely delimited and therefore easily determined. If they are not accepted the species belonging to them have all to be reduced to the already unwieldly genus Cyperus, or a fresh generic classification of the Cyperaceae has to be evolved. It is probable that this last suggestion will eventually yield a working classification in accord with phylogenetic principles but for the present it is impracticable. It is to be further noted that a reduction of Pycreus and Juncellus to Cyperus logically implies other reductions. Mariscus must be sunk in Kyllinga, or both genera in Cyperus. Courtoisia and Torulinium also become involved and the final result is the reduction of all the genera of the tribe Hucypereae to the one genus Cyperus. Lastly, it appears to the writer to be no improvement to reduce some or all of the above mentioned genera to Cyperus and to keep them as “Sections” within this genus. This course is followed, for example, by Pax in Engler and Prantl “ Die Natiirlichen Pflan- zenfamilien ’’ ii. 2., and implied by the arrangement of species in Britton, ‘‘ Sedges of Jamaica ” and Cooke “ Flora of Bombay. The genus Pycreus was established by Beauvois in Fl. Owar. ii., p. 48. (1807) and the species Pycreus polystachyos is well figured at tab. 86. and being the only species mentioned by name is to be considered the type of the genus. To the genus Pycreus Nees in 1835 (in Linnaea ix, p. 283) transferred without comment a number of species previously placed in Cyperus and amongst these was Cyperus pumilus. This name was first used by Linnaeus (Linn. Amoen. Acad. iv. p. 302, 1759 and Sp. Pl. ed. 2. p. 69, 1762) to designate a small Indian species. The description and a reference to a figure of Plukenet’s (Pluk. alm. 179. t. 191. f. 8.) leave no doubt as to the plant intended. The Linnean Herbarium contains one sheet written up in Linnaeus 's hand-writing ‘‘ Cyperus pumilus.” On this sheet one original Specimen, pasted down, is the plant represented by Plukenet (1. ¢.) and the plant generally accepted as C. pumilus, Linn. A second fragment added later with a pencil note “ Hort. Fothergill 1778 Fairbairn J.E.S.’’ is Cyperus flavescens, L. What Linnaeus intended by Cyperus pumilus is therefore clear and pumilus is the earliest specific name for the species, which, according to the Vienna Rules, must on transference to Pycreus become known as Pycreus pumilus. Nees, in 1835, as mentioned 124 above, made this combination but although he then quoted no specimens or synonyms his previous reference in Wight, Contri- butions to the Botany of India (1834), p. 74, shows that the plant which he understood as Cyperus pumilus was not the species of Linnaeus but a species for which the combination Pycreus hyalinus (Vahl), Turrill, has to be made. In other words the transference was associated with specimens belonging to another species. This being so it seems advisable, logical and. in accordance with established rules to remake the combination Pycreus pumilus as Pycreus pumilus, Turrill, non Nees, intending thereby the true Cyperus pumalus, L. non Nees. C. B. Clarke in the Flora of British India and numerous other works on the Cyperaceae has accepted the combination Pycreus pumilus, Nees. (non Cyperus pumilus L.), not for our plant but for a species. whose history we have yet to trace In 1789 Retzius (Obs. v. p. 13.) described Cyperus nitens, &. species which was accepted by Vahl (Enum. Plant. ii. p. 329.).. Exactly what plant was intended is doubtful but probably Pycreus pumilus, Turrill (Cyperus pumilus, L.), was meant, certainly this interpretation has been the one generally — by specialists. Nees in 1843 (Nov. Act. Acad. C.L.C. Nat Cur. xix., Suppl. 1, 53) transferring Cyperus nitens, Retz to: Pycreus, gives a description which certainly applies to Pycreus: pumilus, , non Nees. This name Pycreus nitens, Nees, is. the one ae by C. B. Clarke in the majority of his works. The same species was described by Nees and Meyen as Cyperus pulvinatus, in Wight, Contributions to the Botany of India, 1834, p. 74, and this was transferred to Pycreus by Nees in Linnaea ix. 1834, p. 283. Hence in Kew Bull. Addit. Ser. viii. p- 94. the name Pycreus pulvinatus, Nees, is accepted by Clarke. In 1806 Vahl (Enum. Plant. ii. p. 329), published under the name of Cyperus hyalinus, a quite distinct species which has. been frequently confused, as by Nees, with Pycreus pumilus, Turrill, (Cyperus pumilus, L.). This is apparently the earliest. trivial for the species recorded in C. B. Clarke’s works as Pycreus pumilus, Nees, and a new combination—Pycreus hyalinus, Turrill, has to be made in accord with the Vienna Rules, since the plant. is undoubtedly a Pycreus, as the genus is accepted here. It will be well finally to sum up the chief synonymy involved in the beam confusion which is unravelled above Pycre pumilus, Turrill, non Nees. Cyperus penile is Amoen. Aaad. iv. (1788) p. 302, et Sp. Pl. ed. 2. p. 69 et herb. propr. Cyperus nitens, Retz., bs. v. (1789) p. 13? Cyperus Pycreus hyalinus, Turrill. Cyperus jptoo Vahl, Enum. ii. (1806) p. 329. Cyperus pumilus, Nees in Wight Contrib. (1834). p. 74 excl. syn., non Linn. Pycreus pumilus, Nees, in Linnaea ix. (1834) p. 283, and C. B. Clarke in FI. Brit. India vi. p- 591. 125 XX.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. Mr. A. J. Toornron, a member of the gardening staff of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, has been appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies, on the recommendation of Kew, Assistant Superintendent of the Botanical and Forestry Department, Hong Kong. sine JoHN Firmincer DutTute.—On the 23rd February last there died at West Worthing, Sussex, one of the oldest of the corre- spondents of Kew. For some years he had been in poor health so that his visits had not been so frequent as formerly. But he had always been held in great regard by the Staff and frequenters of the Herbarium, and the news of his death was received by them with great sorrow and regret. J. F. Duthie was born on the 12th May, 1845, the son of the Rev. A. H. Duthie, Rector successively of Sittingbourne and Deal. He was educated at Marlborough College and at Jesus College, Cambridge, where he took the B.A. degree in 1867 with a 3rd class in the Natural Science Tripos. After leaving College he spent some time as a tutor in Somersetshire and then travelled with his mother and sister in Italy, living chiefly at Florence. He collected specimens largely, both in Italy and also in the islands of Malta and Gozo, and he published, chiefly in the “ Journal of Botany,” accounts of the Flora of those islands and of that of Tuscany and Monte Generoso in the Italian Lake country. It was a most unfortunate circumstance that all his valuable collections made at the time were lost in a fire at a repository in Scotland where they had been stored. He was then, for a time, Professor of Natural History at the Royal Agricultural College at Cirencester, and in 1875 he was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society. In 1876 Duthie was offered by Lord Salisbury, then Secretary of State for India, and accepted, the post of Superintendent of the Botanic Garden at Saharanpur in the North-Western Pro- vinces of India, vacant by the retirement of Dr. W. Jameson. In those days the Garden of Saharanpur was for the Upper Gangetic Plain what that at Calcutta was for the Lower country and the regions bordering the Bay of Bengal, and Duthie at once set to work to carry on the labours of distinguished pre- decessors like Doctors Royle, Falconer, King and Jameson. He spent 27 years in that appointment, retiring in 1903, and during to Kew, the British Museum, Edinburgh, Calcutta and elsewhere and to private friends. 126 Among other important journeys, he was attached to the Staff of the General Commanding in the “ Black Mountain ” Campaign of 1888 and greatly prized the medal he had earned under fire. He paid special attention to the grasses of Northern India, and his list of them was published at Roorkee in 1883 and 1886. He also, as might have been expected from his work in the Saharanpur Garden, where so much was done in cultivating for seed and for improved varieties the edible vege- tables of India, published in 3 Parts in 1882-93, partly in conjunction with Mr. J. B. (now Sir J. Bampfylde) Fuller, a full account, with plates, of the Field and Garden Crops of the North-Western Provinces. His tours produced also many papers on the Floras of the regions visited by himself or by those who sent their collections to Saharanpur from Kashmir, Merwara, Kumaon, Chitral, &c. In addition to his work at Saharanpur, he lectured every year on the Systematic Botany of India at the Forest School at Dehra Dun and usually accompanied the students on their annual tour in the Hills of Jaunsar and Tehri-Garhwal, where the Forests were under the management of the Government. He also paid a yearly visit to Calcutta, where he spent a fort- night of strenuous work in the Herbarium, and _ George King and his successor held his work in very high estee ~ On his retirement in 1903 he returned to England, and in September of that year was appointed Assistant for India in the Herbarium at Kew, a post which he held till obliged to relinquish it, owing to illness, in April, 1907. During his time at Kew, his ‘wide knowledge of Indian plants was always at the disposal of those who were working on them and he described and published in the Kew Bulletin, the Botanical Magazine, the Gardeners’ Chronicle and elsewhere many important new species sent from India and the neighbouring regions. At the request of Sir Richard Strachey he revised the list of the great collec- tion of the plants of Kumaon and neighbouring Himalayan regions known as the “ Strachey and Winterbottom ” collection, the first edition of which was published in 1882, and the new revision issued in 1906. On receiving a copy of it Sir Joseph Hooker wrote to him “I am rejoicing over the ‘Strachey and Winterbottom Kumaon plants’ which is doubly important as showing what a marvellous collection they made in one season and as being an up-to-date catalogue of Kumaon plants. It appears to me to have been very carefully compiled by you.” — He also commenced and carried on from 1903 onwards, the ‘ Flora of the Upper Gangetic Plain,” which he was able before his death to see very near completion, and it is hoped that arrange- ments will shortly be made to publish the final part. The work was, in late years, very sadly hampered by failing health. Duthie married in 1879 Miss Coape-Smith, daughter of Col. Coape-Smith, then in charge of the Army Remount Establishment at Saharanpur, and we are indebted to Mrs. Duthie for kindly providing much information about him. He leaves two children : Col Lt.- A. M. Duthie, D.S.0., Lég. d’Honneur, O.B.E., now Commanding the Artillery School a Quetta, and Mrs. W. H. Norman, wife of Col. W. H. Norman, C.B., D.S.0., now on the Staff in India. During the whole of his service in India, Duthie was in constant and regular correspondence with Sir Joseph Hooker The originals of Sir Joseph’s letters to him were presented by him before his death to the Kew Library and many of them were quoted or otherwise referred to in the Life of Sir Joseph Hooker prepared by Mr. Leonard Huxley and published by Lady Hooker. They show well how much Sir Joseph appreciated Duthie’s work and the warm regard he always felt for him. Duthie was a slow worker and very cautious, so that he was often unable quickly to make up his mind on systematic questions, but he always came to a decision in the end and the result was the more valuable in consequence. He was always extremely anxious to avoid inaccuracy and used to polish up his work and descriptions over and over again in order to make sure that they were quite right. The most unassuming of men, he never put himself forward in the least, leaving it to his friends to estimate the value of what he did. He was a delightful travelling companion and an excellent climber, and many Indian Forest Officers and other friends will long remember the kindly, good- natured botanist who accompanied them on their marches over the plains or mountains of Northern India. They will al] hear of his death with great regret. J. 8. Gamete. List oF WORKS BY THE LATE Mr. J. F. Dutuie, B.A., F.L.S. Polygala austriaca, Crantz., in Kent. Journ. Bot. ix. 1871, p. 212. Notes on the flora of Malta & Gozo. Journ. Bot. i. 1872, pp. 206-210. _ e d hree 1872. Edinb. Bot. Soc. Trans. xi. 1873, pp. Additional species and new localities for the flora of Tuscany. Journ. . lil. . 49-53. On the botany of the Maltese Islands in 1874. Parts i. & ii., Journ. i 3 ing the summer of 1873 [1874]. Edinb. Bot. Soc. Trans. xii. 1876, . 66— Misused ta the Flora of British India. ii. _ pp. 462-506. List of Siathaeas Indian Plants. Roorkee, 1 Duthie, J. F., & Joseph Bampfylde Fuller. Wield and Garden Crops of the ' north- western provinces and Oudh. Pts. i-iii. A list of the grasses of North-western India, caieentes ‘and cultivated. (Dept. c. N.W. Prov.) Roorkee, 1883. ae Notes on sashes soca of the Saharanpur and Dehra Dun districts, N.W. India, Journ. . xxi. 1883, pp. 178-181, 325-326. Report on an examination a the aaah grasses and other fodder- yielding plants growing on the Hissar Bir land [Punjab] 1885. fol. 128 Report on the Wo bhe ayy Bot t, Garde ns of Sones and Mussoorie 85(-86). Allahabad 1885 [-8 [llustrations a i indigenous fodder BS ah ie ‘the plains of North- western India. Roorkee, 1886. fol. Beport on a Botanical Tour i in Merwara (Rajputana), etc. Calcutta, 1886. aun. Gard. Chron., xxv. 1886, pp. 276-277, hohe: 371-372, 456-458. The ne fo dde r grasses of Northern India. Roorkee, Pe sts 8 SMa of Strobilanthes spp., and of Aechmanthera tomentosa, Nees. Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. Journ., v. 1890, pp. 417-418. Repart c on a hue tour in Kashmir, 1892. Bot. Surv. India Records, i. n.l, 1893, pp. 1-18. Renee < : botanical tour in Kashmir, 1893. Bot. Surv. India Records, 1894, pp. 25-47 (with maps). The Botany of the Chitral Relief Expedition, 1895. Bot. Surv. India Records, i. n. 9. 1898, pp. 139-181 (with maps). ia, a new genus of Labiatae from the north-west frontier of India. [{1898.] Botubay ae Hist. en re ourn., xi. 1897-98, pp. 696-697. Description of a new And the north- western eee [1899] Bomba Net: Hi ig be: - ourn., xii. 1898-1900, p. 6 Alcock, ‘Alfred William. Report on the natural history feiats of the Boundary Commission, with a list of the plants by J. F. Duthie. . Caleutta, 1898. fol. King, Sir George, J. F. Duthie and D. Prain. A second century of new rare Indian plants. Ann. Roy. Bot. Gard. Caleutta, ix. pt. 1, 1901, pp. 1-77, 93 pls. stag ath of some new species of Orchideae from N.W. and Central Journ. As. at . Beng. Ixxi. pt. 2, 1902, pp. Ann, Rpt of Director Bot. Dept. Northern India for year 1901-02. 3-5. p- Bot. Surv. a 1902, pp. Flora of ‘is “Upper Gangetic Plain and of the adjacent Siwalik and Sub- an tracts. Vol. i. Ranunculaceae to Campanulaceae. 1905. Voki. Pt a to Plantaginaceae. 1911. Vol. iii. Pt. 1. Nyctaginaceae to Ceratophyllaceae. 1915. t. 2. uncaceae. 192 Pt, Ee a sorbifolia, Focke identical with R. microcarpal.. Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, iii, . 266 Patines ovalifolia, Franchét. Gard. Chron. Ser. 3, xxxviii. 1905, p. 62 pl. Deutzia Wilsoni, sp. nov. Bot. Mag. cxxxii. 1906, + 083. Orchids ae: North-western Himalaya. Ann. Roy. Bot Gard. Coleunys i 5 x. pt 2 Geranium platyanthum, n. sp. Gard. Chron. Ser. as xxxix. 1906, p. 52. Primula deflexa, n. sp. G ard. Chron. Ser. 3, xxxix. 1906, p. 229. New species of Deutzia. Gard. Chron. Ser. 3, xl. 1906, p. 238. New species of Nepeta. Gard. ae Ser. 3, xl. 1906, p. 334. J. Strachey, — Richard and . Duthie. Catalogue of the plants of K n and of the tipsent portions of Garhwal and Tibet, based on the alae he ci interbottom during the Printed under the povirsnl A His MAsEsty’s STATIONERY OFFICE By see and Spottiswoode, Ltd., East Harding Street, E.C. 4, nters to the King’ 3 most Excellent Majesty. [Crown Copyright Reserved.] ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW. BULLETIN OF MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. No. 4] [1922 XXI.—A REVISION OF CANAVALIA. C. V. Preer and §. T. Dunn. Early in 1920 Mr. C. V. Piper, whose work on the two Canavalias, the Jack Bean and the Sword Bean, is well known, asked for the assistance of Kew in clearing up one or two points of confused nomenclature in the genus as well as in a revision of the whole of Canavalia. Sir David Prain allowed Mr. S. T. Dunn (Assistant for India at Kew), to co-operate with Mr. Piper in this matter. The joint revision was to be published in America. This, however, has not proved convenient and at Mr, Piper’s request the Director has agreed to publish in the Kew Bulletin the part concerning the Old World species. The second part dealing with the Canavalias of the New World will appear later in an American periodical. anavalia, Adans. Fam. 325 (Canavali); DC. Mem. Leg. 375; Benth. in Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. Pl. i. 537, Deser. Benth. addenda. Calyx tubuloso-campanulatus. Vexillum basi bicallosum; stylus imberbis vel raro apice hirtellus. Legumen nonnunquam endocarpio papyraceo separabili. Species circiter 50 in regionibus calidioribus utriusque orbis crescentes. CANAVALIAS OF THE OLD WORLD. Early botanical history. The first botanist to publish descriptions and figures of these plants was Rheede, who, in 1688, included in his Hortus Malabaricus the three species that grow on the coast of Malabar. He described the cultivated C. gladiata under the name Bara-mareca (Hort. r. viii. t. 44), the sea-shore C. podocarpa as Catu tsjandi (t. 48) and the large-podded C. turgida as Catu-baramareca (t. 48). Nearly half a century later Kaempfer (Amoen. 836) alluded to C. gladtata as cultivated in Japan under the name of Natta mame. In 1747 Rumphius wrote his Herbarium Amboinense and with very indifferent figures and descriptions referred to C. rosea A x (78)17689 Wt122—P 23 1000 6/22 130 under the name of Cacara litorea (t. 141), C. gladiata as Lobus machaeroides (t. 135). C. turgida which occurs in Amboina but was not sanggeer figured by Rumphius was identified by Merrill with t. 141. Im 1784 Thunberg publishe ed his Flora Japonica i in Ponta C. lineata, the only wild species in the eae is recognised under the name of Dolichos lineatus (p. 280) a growing on the sea-shore round Nagasaki, while the ulti Natta mame, appears as Dolichos ensiformis (p. 279). It was now 50 years before any further additions were made to the genus by workers in the field. But meanwhile the group had been recognised as distinct from Dolichos by Adanson in 1763 (Adans. Fam. ii. 325) and established as Canavali, enumerating most of the characters now relied on to distinguish it from neighbouring genera. Under a Latinised form, Canavalia, Aug. De Candolle collected all the species known in 1825 (Prodr. ii. 404) and defined Adanson’s genus with greater accuracy (Mem. Leg. 375). It was about this time that various botanical writers, endeavouring to reconcile the figures, descriptions and C. obtusifolia. And it is largely this mistake and its prolific progeny which has impelled us to undertake a critical review of the whole subject and to offer in the following pages our final conclusions on the question of the nomenclature of the species. It is not necessary to lay stress on the progressive stages of the confusion. It may be clearly traced in our synonymy of each of the older species. In 1832 Roxburgh (Fl. Ind. iii. 300) enumerated all the species known to under Dolichos, though two of the maritime forms are probably included under the name of D. rotundifolius, Vahl under a misapprehension as to the true meaning o 8 name. ears later Wight and Arnott (Prodr. ii. 253) correctly deecribed the 8. Indian species under Canavalia, but in endeavouring to adjust the synonymy introduced the prolific source of confusion centring on the inclusion of Lamarck’s name of Dolichos obtusifolius as a synonym of the sea-shore species. Distribution.—The most widely distributed member of the genus is C. rosea, which encircles the globe, abounding on the hot, sandy shores of the tropics and seldom found beyond them. Away from the sea it is represented in the interior of Africa y C. regalis towards sw north and by C. ferruginea in the south. Another allied species C. plagiosperma has been described as @ cultivated plant probably from Mauritius. Just north of the range of C. rosea on the China coast we find its near ally C’. obcordata, in the 8. Pacific on the very south of its range it is represented by the closely allied C. Baueriana in Norfolk Island, while in India and Ceylon it is replaced by C. podocarpa. 131 C. virosa extends from the south of Asia to the East of Africa and is continued beyond this range as far as the Pacific by the allied C. lineata from Japan to Formosa and by C. luzonica, a little further to the south in the Philippine Islands. On the eae extremity of its range C. africana replaces it as far as the tlantic : Bly "Oo 4 @ AS <2 os So ae Ze LEP LS 2 ae oes re ee ee Ny ERE ] ent ei | ee eee ale ae 1 20 - oO 70 Et) 60 BO 100 120 wo 160 80 (40 Canavalias of the Old World. C. turgida is distinguished from all the other species as Prain pointed out, by its separable endocarp. This integument pre invests the seeds and possibly aids in their dispersal in a living state by sea-currents. Its range is a large one reaching from Hawaii to the Mascarene Islands and including India, the Malay Islands and New Guinea, in all of which it is found climbing on the bushes that fringe the sea-shore. The two remaining species C. galeata and C. sericea inhabit Polynesia, the first to the north and the second to the south of the equator. Their peculiar floral characteristics unite them into a group by themselves. Fertilisation.Every mature flower that has been piogamect: in Old World material presents the following general charac The blade of the standard is expanded in a vertical ss Hee the claw being held with those of the other petals in a horizontal Ag 132 position by the tubular calyx. The rectangular bend of the standard necessitated to secure these relative positions occurs just at the end of the blade. The four lower petals project horizontally past this point, concealing the staminal sheath, and the ovary, style and stigma which it contains. At the point where the base of the wing- and keel-petal blades leave the standard owing to its upward bend there are two prominent ear-shaped callosities close together at the middle of the base of the standard blade. These hold between them the upper edges of the lower petals just as the fingers and thumb may hold together the pages of a book. A weight such as that of an insect alighting on the lower petals will depress them and so liberate them from the callosities which hold them together. They are thus enabled to open and to slide down on each side of the stiff genital core. This brings the under side of the insect on to the brush of stamens or if the staminal sheath has split (which it does after the pollen is used), on to the exposed stigma. After each insect-visit, the petals, according to a field note by Mr. Keith on a sheet of Canavalia from Siam in the Singapore Herbarium, rise again, protecting the genitalia. The correct position of the insect is presumably encouraged by the offer of nectar round the disc which can only be reached through the slits in the upper side of the base of the staminal sheath. The position of the flower is not, however, always standard upwards as indicated above. Mr. I. H. Burkill records observations made by him on the fertilisation of Canavalia rosea as follows :— “The flowers oe dae ea upside down, but sometimes face upwards. Xylocopa aestuans was visiting and in either case stood on the its He and caused the stamens to dust the back of its thorax as it does in Hriosema.’’ But in each case the deposit of pollen occurs of course on a different surface of the visiting insect. Our thanks are due to the Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and to the Keeper, Botanical Department, Natural ‘History Museum, London, for leave to use the material in the establishments under their charge, to the Director of the Singapore Botanic Gardens for the loan of all the Canavalia sheets in the Singapore Herbarium, and to Mr. H. N. Ridley for notes and for a collection of specimens specially made for us on a recent visit to the Malay Peninsula. Key To THE OLD Worxtp CANAVALIAS. 1. Pod with two oP fomer soais 2s ribs ee to the ore suture Pod with two papplemedtary ribs 5 mm. or more distant from the upper su 13 2. Upper lip of calyx equal to the tube: flowers 4 cm. long (Polynesian plants) % Upper lip of calyx shorter a the tube - - ‘ 133 3. Leaves glabrous - . - - a yaleata. Leaves silky - - 2. sericea. 4, ee 20 times longer ‘than oes seeds white; hilum co circum. of the seed 00. hyalino incrassato. Pedicelli hyalini, decidui, ad 30 x 3n. TropicaL Arrica. Kibos, Mombasa, on leaves, inflorescences, and fruits of Bauhinia fassoglensis, Kotschy, T. D. Maitland, Feb. 1921. Among the various species of Uromyces found on Bauhinia this one is noteworthy for occurring on leaves, peduncles and fruits. On the leaves and stems the pustules are of the usual small round type, but on the pods they become large and confluent, forming eventually very large raised pustules which give a “ scabby appearance to the fruit. The teleutospores resemble closely those of U. goyazensis, P. Henn., both in shape and in the fact that the markings on the epispore are very fine, and only clearly visible when the spore is examined dry or in lactic acid. The markings in U. pustulatus are however in the form of very fine warts, not reticulations such as are described for U. goyazensis. 5 When the teleutospore is mounted in water the wall swells up and becomes more distinct. At the same time it loses its markings and becomes perfectly smooth, except at the thickened hyaline apex, where a little fine warting is visible. oF Many of the sori in the present gathering are parasitised by Tuberculina. dati, Mycosphaerella Tristaniae, Wakef. Maculae amphigenae, rotundatae, ad 1:2 cm. diametro, rubiginosae, linea fusca delimitatae. Perithecia immersa, sparsa, ‘punctiformia, amphigena. Asci ovati vel pyriformes, 20-25 x 121. Sporae subdistichae, oblongae, utrinque rotundatae, circa 7-10 X 2-+5-8u. Freperatep Mazay Staves. Penang Hill, on living leaves of Tristania Griffithsii, Kurz, 7. F. Chipp, No. 4694, Aug. 1919. A2 164 Diaporthe (Chorostate) curvatispora, Wakef. Stromata sparsa, minuta, valsea, epider- mide pustulato-elevata tecta. Perithecia in singulo stromate pauca (3-4), subglobosa, ostiolis subconvergentibus. Ascz cylindracei, apice truncati, sessiles vel brevissime stipitati, 80-90 xX 12u. Sporae distichae, hyalinae, fusoideae, inaequilaterales, curvatae, unisep- tatae, non constrictae, 28-32 « 4-5-5y. he Inpta. Sibsagar, on bark of Mesua ferrea, Linn., R. S. Hole, Nov. 1921. Widoothe curvatispora. Ascus and 3 spores x 500. Phyllachora Proteae, Wakef. Stromata epiphylla, sparsa, minuta, circa 50, diametro, rotundata, ae clypeo epidermali centro elevato tecta. Locult. er 1 t h € ciiformes, globosi, BE. stro- matico atro crasso. circumdati. _Ascz. paraphysati, cylin- dracei, brevissime stipitati, 120-150: xX 12-l5y. Para- physes ramosae, fili- formes, ascos sup- : : “HH r Pret Lt | re a. : Q. erantes. Sporae. monostichae, oOva- tae, utrinque angustatae, 19-22, ~ @ Stroma vertical section, xX 8—9p. ore Soutn AFRICA. ¢ Spores ~ 500 @ Paraphysis Klapmutz, Cape Colony, = ~~ of Protea mellifera, Thunb. P. A. Van der Bijl, No. The arta! stromata would suggest the genus Oligostroma,. Syd., the type species of which also occurs on Protea. The present plant however differs entirely from O. Proteae not only in habit. but also in microscopic characters. In O. Proteae the stromata are sept ate, 165 Hendersonia Osteospermi, Wakef. Maculae orbiculares, concentrice zonatae, pallidae, zona obscuriore brunnea circumdatae. Pycnidia epiphylla, sparsa, minuta, pariete tenui plectenchymatico. Con- re idia eylindracea fusca, asperulata, 3-septata, aS OQ non vel vix constricta, 20-23 x 6-7. South Arrica. Kewboom, Cape Province, istersonin Odataneset; DO Ne seated = Osteospermum, P. A. Van Conidia x 500. der Bijl, No. 409. The species is slgteaietian: ey the irregular outline of the spores. The wall can scarcely be called verrucose, but apparently & few minute flattened warts are present which give a somewhat wavy appearance when the spore is viewed in, optical section. Colletotrichum Pterocelastri, Wakef. ; Maculae amphigenae, parvae, 1-1-5 mm. diametro, sparsaé vel confluentes, pallidae, purpureo-cinctae. Acervuli minutissimi, atri, pauci, in centro macularum insidentes. Setulae numerosae, fasoidulas, cylindraceae, apice hyalino rotun- datae vel attenuatae. onidia oblonga, hyalina, guttulata, 15-17 x 4u. South Arrica. Knysna, Cape Province, on living leaves of Pterocelastrus variabilis, Sond., P. A. Van de Bijl, No. 404. Colletotrichum Pterocelastri. Seta and Conidia x 500. XXVI.— CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF SIAM. ADDITAMENTUM XII. W. G. CRar. Tetracera Loureiri, Pierre mss. nom. nov. 7. fragrans, Ridley in Journ. Str. Br. Roy. As. Soc., No. 59, p . 62 (1911) non Willdem. et Th. Dur. (1899). 7’. sarmentosa, Vahl, var. Loureiri, Finet et Gagnep. in Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine, I. p. 16. 7. as sa, DC., var. Loureiri, Finet et Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr., Mém. 4, Ba ngkok, Zimmermann 74, 180, Kerr 4357, Marcan 325, Mrs. Williamson (ex Ridley, 1.c.), Anghin, Schomburgk chee Sriracha, Mrs. D. J. Collins 243. Muong Pran, Pierre 225. Luang, Pierre 224. Prachuab, Winit 318. Distr. Perlis, Cambodia, Cochinchina. Siamese name, Thao orakon (ex Winit). 166 nhs Manglietia Garrettii, Craib [Magnoliaceae-Magnolieae] ; M. glauca, Blume, foliis majoribus, pro rata angustioribus, it. Arbor ramulis primo adpresse puberulis cito glabrescentibus. cinereis pauci-lenticellatis. Folia oblanceolato-oblonga _ vel culati ; oh aa 4 cm. longae, ee ferrugineo- puberulae. Flores adhuc ignoti. Fructus ei M. glaucae, Blume, similis sed major S.W. of peak Doi Pah Khow, near crest of ridge, 1320 m., Garrett 114. U%> Michelia Kerrii, Craib [Magnoliaceae-Magnolieae] ; ab affini M. Champaca, n., foliis arcte reticulatis subtus saltem juvenilibus glaucis, floribus albis differt Arbor circa 10 m. alta (ex Kerr); Auk graciles, juventute molliter adpresse ferrugineo-pubescentes vel subsericei, mox glabrescentes, fusco-corticati, inconspicue pauci-lenticellati. Folia lanceolata, oblongo-lanceolata, vel late lanceolata, apice acu- minata vel gradatim angustata, summo apice breviter apiculata, basi saepissime inaequilateralia, cuneata, vel saepe latere altero cuneata, altero fere rotundato-cuneata, usque ad 15 cm. longa et 4-3 cm. lata, rigide chartacea, primo supra pilis sericeis sparse instructa, subtus pilis brevibus albis densius instructa, mox glabra vel fere glabra, supra sicco viridia, subtus saltem juvenilia sed saepissime et matura glauca, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa 12 bene intra marginem anastomosantibus pagina superiore subconspicuis inferiore conspicuis, nervulis rete pagina utraque prominulum efficientibus, petiolo ad 1-5 cm. longo supra anguste canaliculato suffulta ; stipulae fugaces, circa 1-3 cm. longae, extra adpresse ferrugineo-pubescentes. Flores axillares, ‘solitarii, albi, odorati (ex Kerr); alabastra anguste ovoidea vel oblongo- ovoidea, acuminata, adpresse ferrugineo-pubescentia; pedicelli breves. Petala 12, acutiuscula, 2-5 cm. longa, 4 mm. lata, glabra. Stamina 6-5 mm. longa, connectivo excurrente apiculata. nophorum circa 3 nae magn Carpella breviter pubescentia, stylo 1-25 mm. lo | Doi Sutep, e. 1650 m., evergreen jungle, Kerr 4679. Canangium fruticosum, Craib [Anonaceae-Unoneae] ; 0. odorato (Hook. f. et Thoms.), simile sed habitu humiliore, foliis basi Saepissime cuneatis, pedicellis longioribus differt. Frutec 3~4-metralis (ex Kerr); ramuli graciles, juventute densius breviter griseo-pubescentes, mox Ber demum glabri, cortice rubro-brunneo vel fusco-brunneo parcius sed conspicue lenticellato reticulato obtecti. Folia late lanocolata, oblongo- 167 lanceolata, vel rarissime elliptica, apice longius acuminata vel fere caudato-acuminata, summo apice acuta, basi cuneata, chartacea, subtus pallidiora, ad costam nervosque laterales pagina utraque crispatim puberula, nervis lateralibus utrinque 6-8 supra conspicuis subtus prominulis, nervulis inter se sat distantibus subtus subconspicuis, margine integra; petioli graciles ad 1 cm. longi, ut ramuli pubescentes, supra anguste canaliculati. Flores ramulis novellis gesti, pedicellis gracilibus usque ad 5 em. longis densius griseo-puberulis suffulti. Sepala 3 (interdum 4), deltoidea, acutiuscula, fere 1 cm. longa, 6 mm. lata, dorso densius griseo- vel fulvo-griseo-puberula, intra medio fere glabra, mar- ginem apicem et basem versus similiter puberula. Petala saepissime 6, rarius 8, ad 7 cm. longa et 6 mm. lata, pagina utraque juventute ut sepala puberula, mox sparsius puberula. Recepta- culum dense breviter pubescens. Stamina apiculo puberulo circa i mm. longo incluso 2-5 mm. longa. Carpella glabra. Chiengmai, 300 m., cult., Kerr 3219. Bangkok, under 5 m., commonly cultivated, Kerr 4435. Lao name, Sabin nga kia (ex Kerr). Goniothalamus Marcanii, Crab {Anonaceae-Mitrephoreae] ; G. tamirensi, Pierre ex Finet et Gagnep., affinis, sed minus pubescens, foliorum paginae inferioris et ramulorum i brevioribus, foliorum nervis lateralibus minus patulis, petalis exterioribus minus angustatis. Fruticulus circa 2 m. altus (ex Kerr); ramuli juventute densius ferrugineo-pubescentes, mox puberuli, demum glabri, cortice fusco-brunneo obtecti, lenticellis sparsis. Folia oblonga, apice breviter obtuse acuminata, basi cuneata vel rotundato-cuneata, saepe inaequilateralia, 11-17 cm. longa, 4-5-7 cm. lata, chartacea vel rigide chartacea, supra primo parce pubescentia, cito glabra nisi ad costam saepe puberula, subtus ad costam breviter ferru- gineo-pubescentia, aliter demum fere glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque 9-12 intra marginem anastomosantibus supra con- spicuis parumve prominulis subtus prominulis, margine integra, petiolo 7-10 mm. longo ut ramulis ferrugineo-pubescente suffulta. Flores solitarii, supra-axillares, viridi-lutei (ex Kerr). Sepala ovata vel elliptico-ovata, acuminata, acutiuscula, 6 mm. longa, 5-5 mm, lata, dorso sparse ferrugineo-hirsuta, intra glabra, ferrugineo-ciliata. Petala exteriora ovata, obtusa, ungul lato. cirea 3 mm. longo incluso 1-4 em. longa, 9-5 mm. lata, utrinque sparsius adpresso pubescentia, interiora 1-1 cm. alta, gees adpresse pubescentia, inferne ciliolata. Receptaculum longius haud dense pubescens. Stamina 1-5 mm. longa, apice truncata et puberula. Carpella 1-25 mm. alta, ovulis duobus subbasi- laribus, stylo 2 mm. longo. Srirécha, evergreen jungle, Marcan 143, Kerr 4129. Goniothalamus desmoides, Crazb [Aiibtincens: Mitrephorees, : species nova facie Unonae discoloris, var. svamenst, Scheff., similis, 168 -ovario adpresse pubescente, stylo perbrevi, stigmate grandi, -ovulo subbasilari solitario distinguenda. Frutez, ramulis juventute dense plus minusve adpresse ferrugineo-tomentellis.. Folia oblonga vel oblanceolato-oblonga, apice acuminata, subobtusa, basi rotundata, cuneato-rotundata vel cordatula, ad 15 cm. longa et 5-5 em. lata, chartacea, supra nisi ad costam ubi pubescentia puberulave matura. glabra, juvenilia aliter haud diu albo-pilosa, subtus breviter cupreo- vel rufo-pubescentia, nervis lateralibus utrinque 15-17 supra subconspicuis subtus prominentibus, nervulis subtus conspicuis vel prominulis, margine integra, petiolo 4-5 mm. longo ut ramulis induto suffulta. Flores solitarii, conspicue supra-axillares, breviter pedicellati, pallide virides, odorati (ex Kerr); bracteola paulo infra calycem sita, late lanceolata, 4 mm. longa. WSepala late ovata, obtusa, circa 6 mm. longa, 6 mm. lata, facie utraque adpresse cupreo-pubescentia. Petala exteriora anguste oblonga, apice obtusa, 3-4 em. longa,.1 cm. lata, facie utraque adpresse pubescentia, interiora circa 8 mm. longa, late breviter unguicu- lata. Antherae 1 mm. longae, loculis lateralibus, connectivo apice truncato. Carpella adpresse pubescentia, 1 mm. longa, apice constricta; stylus circa 0-5 mm. longus, stigmate truncato circa 0-5 mm. lato; ovula solitaria, subbasilaria. Chiengmai, 300 m., cult., Kerr 3312. Mitrephora Collinsae, Craib [Anonaceae-Mitrephoreae]; ab affini M. Hdwardsii, Pierre, petiolo longiore, cortice fusciore inter alia distinguenda. Ramuli primo densius fulvo- vel ferrugineo-pubescentes, mox glabri, fulvo-corticati, lenticellis paucis subconspicuis. Folia oblonga vel subelliptica, apice breviter acuminata, rarius rotundata, basi cordatula vel fere truncata ad 8-2 cm. longa et 5 cm. lata, subcoriacea, supra ad costam densius molliter pubescentia, demum glabra, subtus primo dense adpresse fulvo- pubescentia, demum ad costam nervosque laterales breviter pubescentia, aliter puberula vel fere glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa 12 supra parum impressis subtus prominentibus, nervulis subtus subconspicuis, margine integra, petiolo 3-4 mm. longo suffulta. Flores in speciminibus visis infeliciter manci. Alabastra densius adpresse ferrugineo-pubescentia. S. Siam, Mrs. D. J. Collins 507. Sphaerocoryne clavipes, Craib, comb. nov. S. siamensis, Scheff. mss. (ex Boerl. in Ic. Bogor. t. LKXIX&). Unona Mesnyi, Pierre, Fl. For. Cochin. t. 17 pro parte (1880). Polyalthia sramensis, Boerl., l.c. Popowia Mesnyi, Craib in Kew Bull. 1914 p. 5. P. aberrans, Pierre ex Finet et Gagnep. in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr., Mém. 4 p. 109 et in Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine I. p. 83, vix Poly- althia aberrans, Maingay. Melodorum clavipes, Hance in Journ. Bot. 1877 p. 328, 169 Sriracha, Mrs. D. J. Collins 6, Marcan 189. Bangkok Palace Gardens, Murton 30. Chiengmai, 300 m., cult. Kerr 3525. Distr. Cambodia, Cochinchina, Java (cult.), [Laos ex Fl. Gén. Indo-Chine]. __ To this genus also belongs Popowia. diospyrifolia, Pierre ex Finet et Gagnep. (= S. diospyrifolia, comb. nov.). Melodorum affine, Craib [Anonaceae-Xylopieae]; ab affini M. oblongo, Craib, pedicellis fructiferis brevioribus, foliis tenui- oribus, nervis lateralibus supra haud impressis recedit. Ramult volubiles, primo ferrugineo-tomentelli, mox glabri, brunneo- vel fusco-brunneo-corticati, lenticellis subconspicuis. Folia oblonga vel cuneato-oblonga, apice rotundata, obtusa, vel interdum breviter acuminata, basi cuneata vel cuneato-rotundata, usque ad 18-5 cm. longa et 6-2 cm. lata, rigide chartacea, supra ad costam tomentella, subtus pallidiora, tomentella praetereaque ad costam nervosque pilis longioribus instructa, nervis lateralibus utrinque 15-18 supra saepissime subconspicuis subtus promi- nentibus, costa supra impressa; petioli 7-10 mm. longi, sat crassi, supra canaliculati. Pedicelli fructiferi terminales, 1 cm. longi, bracteolis persistentibus. Receptaculum parum incrassa- tum. Carpella (an omnino matura?) ellipsoideo-orbicularia, 1-8 cm. longa, stipite 2-5 em. longo suffulta, dense ferrugineo- tomentella. Doi Sutep, 660 m., mixed jungle, Kerr 3259. Alphonsea lutea, Hook. f. et Thoms, var. longipes, Craib { Anon- aceae-Miliuseae]; varietas pedicellis elongatis distincta. Arbor sempervirens, 50-pedalis, trunco cortice laevi griseo obtecto (ex Vanpruk); ramuli primo breviter adpresse fulvo- pubescentes, mox glabri, cortice cinereo reticulato obtecti. Folia oblongo-lanceolata, apice subacuminata, basi cuneata vel rotundato-cuneata, ad 14-5 cm. longa et 4 cm. lata, rigide chartacea, supra ad costam primo breviter pubescentia, mox puberula, subtus matura glabra vel subglabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque ad 10 pagina utraque conspicuis sed vix prominulis, nervulis rete gracile efficientibus, petiolo circa 4 mm. long suffulta. Flores in fasciculis e ramulis annotinis ortis dispositi, pedicellis 2 cm. longitudine fere attingentibus infra medium bracteolatis ut alabastris adpresse fulvo-pubescentibus. Pré, Mé Song, 360 m., Vanpruk 444. | “ This plant, treated here as a variety, in all probability repre- sents quite a valid species. Receipt of more adequate material, both flowering and fruiting, is required for certainty. Capparis auricans, Craib, comb. nov. C. grandis, Linn. f., var. auricans, Kurz, For. Fl. Br. Burma, vol. L, p. 64. Mé Chang, deciduous jungle, 300 m., Kerr 3177. . Distr. Burma, Smales. Frequent in Prome district (fide Kurz, 1.c.). 170 Capparis mekongensis, Gagnep., var. crispata, Craib [Cappari- daceae-Cappareae]; varietas nova foliis angustioribus ag mucronatis brevius petiolatis, maturis pagina superiore medio et ibi praesertim ad costam breviter crispatim pubescentibus cognoscenda. Muang Sa, Nan, 180 m., dry mixed jungle, evergreen tree e. 9m. high, Kerr 2396. C. mekongensis is known to the writer from description only. Kerr’s plant which differs mainly in the points noted has had to be treated therefore in the meantime as a variety. A very similar plant was collected at Lampun (Winit 99), but the specimens forwarded consist of young flower-bearing twigs only. The collector further expresses a doubt as to whether the plant is deciduous or not. Euonymus auriculatus, Craib [Celastraceae-Celastreae]; species nova fructibus echinatis foliis basi cordatis breviter petiolatis distincta. Arbor sempervirens, circa 10-metralis (ex Kerr), ramulis glabris pallide viridibus angulatis, internodiis inferioribus elongatis superioribus brevibus. Folia opposita vel subopposita, oblance- olata, apice acuminata, summo apice mucronata, basi auriculato- cordata, ad 19 em. longa et 5:4 cm. lata, subcoriacea, pagina utraque viridia sed inferiore pallidiora, glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque 13-16 pagina utraque prominulis, nervis transversis subprominulis, margine integra, petiolo ad 6 mm. longo sat crasso fuscescente supra dense puberulo suffulta. Pedicelli ad apices ramulorum novellorum gesti, solitarii, axillares, 2-4 cm. longi, longitudinaliter breviter pubescentes. Fructus juvenilis dense echinatus, stylo trifido saepissime coronatus, basi calyce persistente ornatus ; calycis segmenta reflexa, circa 5 mm. longa, acuminata, nervosa, intra ima basi puberula. Mé Ta, 300 m. , Kerr 3620. Crotalaria Kerrii, Craib [Leguminosae-Genisteae]; ab affini C. Stocksit, Hook. f. f., foliis haud punctatis distinguenda. Herba basi lignosa, ad 25 em. alta, copiose graciliter ramosa, eaule ramulisque breviter pubescentibus. Folia lanceolata, oblongo-lanceolata vel elliptico-oblonga, apice apiculata, rarius acutiuscula, basi cuneata, ad 3-3 cm. longa et 1-3 cm. lata, chartacea,- pagina utraque pilis tenuibus albis plus minusve adpressis instructa, subtus parum pallidiora, nervis lateralibus utrinque 5-7 supra vix conspicuis subtus prominulis, costa supra impressa subtus prominente, nervulis haud conspicuis, margine integra; petioli circa 1 mm. longi; stipulae deciduae, foliaceae, dimidio-ovatae, acutae, 2 mm. longae, 1 mm. latae, indumento foliorum instructae, saepe divergentes. Pedunculi communes axillares, graciles, saepissime 2-flori, 2 cm. longitudine fere attingentes, pedicellis circa 4 mm. longis, pedunculis pedicellisque pilis iis caulium similibus instructis, bracteolis filiformibus 1-5 mm. longis paulo infra calycem positis persistentibus ; flores lutei (ex Kerr). Calyx extra pubescens, postice 4 mm., antice 171 stylo 4:25 mm. longo glabro. Legumen circa 1-5 em. longum, styli parte basali persistente apiculatum, basi in stipitem circa 2 mm. longum angustatum; semina sat numerosa, 1-5 mm. longa, viridi-straminea, mox brunnescentia, nitida. - Near Pré, Mé Ta, dry bamboo jungle, 240 m., Kerr 2352. Indigofera changensis, Craib [Leguminosae-Galegeae]; ab I. squalida, Prain, cui habitu persimilis, squamis paucioribus, pilis et caulium et foliorum costae pagina inferiore divergentibus haud arcte adpressis distinguenda. Caules ad 24 cm. alti, pallidi, pilis albis brevibus divergentibus instructi, sulcati. Folia simplicia, oblanceolata vel oblongo- oblanceolata, apice rotundata, rarius breviter acuminata, costa excurrente apiculata, basi cuneata, ad 5-7 cm. longa et 1-5 cm. vel rarius 2-2 cm. lata, sat rigida, supra pilis brevibus medifixis aspera, subtus pallidiora, pilis tisdem sed ad costam plus minusve divergentibus praetereaque squamis paucis instructa, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa 8 subtus subprominulis, margine integra, petiolo 2 mm. longo suffulta; stipulae persistentes, subulatae, 4 mm. longae. Racemi axillares, pedunculo communi incluso circa 8 mm. longi, bracteis angustis alabastris subaequi- longis, alabastris extra dense albo-hirsutis, pedicellis brevibus. Calyx 2-5 mm. longus, lobis posticis aliis paulo latioribus et brevioribus, omnibus acutis, posticis lanceolatis, aliis lineari- lanceolatis. Vexillum ovato-rhomboideum, 4-5 mm. longum, 2mm. latum. Ovarium 1-75 mm, altum, adpresse pubescens. Mé Chang, deciduous jungle, 300 m., Kerr 3607. rufihirsutum, Craib [Leguminosae-Hedysareac) ; dit albis divergentibus Calycis tubus circa 1 mm. longus; lobi duo postici in unum deltoideum apice breviter bilobum 1 mm. longum connati, 172 longiores, antico 1-5 mm. longo ome Veaillum obovatum, 5 mm. longum, vix unguiculatum ; alae 3-5 mm. longae, ait 1 mm. longo excluso; carina 4-5mm. longa. Ovarivwm 3-5 mm. altum, adpresse pubescens, stylo 2-5 mm. longo. Doi Sutep, mixed jungle on edge of old clearing, flowers mauve, 660 m., Kerr 2763. Distr. Burma. Itea puberula, Craib [Saxifragaceae- -Escallonieae] ; I. macro- phyllae, Wall., affinis, sed foliorum pagina inferiore et racemis puberulis, foliis basi cuneatis vel late cuneatis distinguenda. Arbor (ex Kerr), ramulis juventute puberulis viridibus mox fuscescentibus glabrescentibus. Folia oblanceolato-oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, apice acuminata, acuta; basi cuneata vel late cuneata, usque ad 32 cm. longa et 11 cm. lata, chartacea, pagina utraque ad costam nervosque laterales puberula, subtus palli- diora, nervis lateralibus utrinque ad 15 supra conspicuis subtus prominentibus, nervulis inter se parallelibus sat approximatis pagina utraque conspicuis, margine basem versus integra vel subintegra, apicem versus serrulata vel denticulata, petiolo ad cm. longo supra canaliculato suffulta. Racemi_ solitarii, gemini, vel tres, rarius quatuor in foliorum axillis positi, pedunculo communi brevi incluso circa 20 cm. longi, rhachi pedicellis et alabastris puberulis; pedicelli 2-2-5 mm. longi; flores albi (ex Kerr). Sepala deltoideo-lanceolata, acuta, circa 1 mm. longa, erecta vel mox incurva. Petala recurva, lineari-lanceolata, acuta, 2-5 mm. longa, 0-75 mm. lata. Filamenta 1-25 m longa, glabra. Stylus circa 1-5 mm. longus, superne oradatinn angustatus, glaber, stigmate capitato. Doi Sutep, 1350 m., evergreen jungle, Kerr 2000. Ehretia Winitii, Craib [Boraginaceae-Ehretieae]; ab affini E. aspera BOED., ramulis foliisque haud dense aspero-pubescenti- bus rece Fruticulus 1-3-pedalis (ex Winit), ramulis cito glabris cortice cinereo vel brunneo-cinereo obtectis.. Folia obovata vel elliptico- obovata, apice rotundata, basi cuneata, ad 5-2 cm. longa et 2-2 cm. lata, sat rigida, supra pilis basi tuberculatis hic et illic instructa, scabrida, subtus pallidiora, parce pubescentia, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa 6 intra marginem anastomosantibus supra vix conspicuis subtus prominentibus, margine integra, petiolo circa 3 mm. longo suffulta. Inflorescentia terminalis, circa 2 cm. diametro, pedunculo communi 1-5 em. longo suffulta. Calyx sicco fuscus, fere ad basem in segmenta 5 lanceolata acuta basi 0-75 mm. lata dorso parce pubescentia ciliolata partitus. Corolla azurea, demum alba (ex Winit); tubus 4 mm. longus; lobi oblongi, 3 mm. longi, 1 -75 mm. lati. Filamenta paulo infra oblongae, 1-5 mm. longae, dorsifixae. Ovarium in calyce bene inclusum, stylo 4-5 mm. longo apice breviter 2-ramoso. Kanburi, near swamp in es jungle, 18 m., Winit 532. Siamese name. Chan Nam 173 Chirita tubulosa, Craib [Gesneraceae-Cyrtandreae] a C. barbata, Sprague, partibus omnibus pallidioribus brevius et sparsius. pilosis, foliis basi rotundatis vel subcordatis haud cuneatis, calyce tubuloso lobis lanceolatis erectis, corolla minore, lobo infimo pro rata longiore, antheris multo brevius barbatis, inter alia distinguenda. Caulis sat crassus, viridis, pilis divergentibus sparse instructus., Folia oblonga, basi rotundata vel subcordata, ad 19 cm, longa et 6 cm. lata, supra viridia, pilis breviusculis subadpressis sat rigidis instructa, mox plus minusve glabrescentia, subtus palli- diora, pilis similibus instructa, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa supra conspicuis subtus prominentibus, margine integra, ‘distincte sed breviter petiolata. Inflorescentia ei C. barbatae similis, pedicelliis ad 15 mm. longis. Calyx viridis, distincte instructus. Corolla e calyce 3 cm. exserta, extra alba, pilis erectis instructa, intra alba nisi e basi lobi infimi luteo-lineata (ut in C. barbata) praetereaque e staminum insertione latere utroque linea purpurea multo angustiore brevioreque ornata, lobo infimo 1 em. longo et lato, lobis lateralibus circa 5 mm. longis quam posticis paulo longioribus. Stamina iis C, barbatae similia nisi antheris pallidis brevius barbatis et filamentis ad angulos macula atro-purpurea instructis. Ovariwm viride, ima basi glabrum, superne sparse pubescens, 1 cm. longum, stylo circa 15 mm. longo breviter pubescente albo, stigmate bifido, Described from living plants grown from seed collected by Dr. A. F. G. Kerr. The plants flowered in October of last year. Radermachera Pagetii, Craib [Bignoniaceae-Tecomeae]; a speciebus aliis calyce tuberculato recedit. Arbor 30-60-pedalis (ex Paget et Marcan) ; ramuli florigeri ‘sat crassi, primo sicco fusci, dein cortice cinereo obtecti, sparse lenticellati, foliorum cicatricibus ellipticis vel late ellipticis parum elevatis copiose notati. Folia pinnata, ad 17 cm. longa petiolo 4-5-7 cm. longo excluso; foliola oblongo-lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata, apice acuminata, acuta obtusave, basi inaequilateralia, saepissime rotundata, ad 6-5 em. longa et. 2-2 cm. lata, chartacea, glabra, subtus parum pallidiora, nervis lateralibus utrinque 7-8 subtus fere prominulis, margine integra, petiolulo circa 5 mm. longo suffulta. Thyrst terminales, breviter pedunculati; pedunculi partiales verticillati, 1-1-5 cm. longi ; pedicelli circa 1-5 cm. longi, infra medium bracteolati, bracteolis parvis angustis, et barbati, aliter praesertim superne sparse pilosi. Calyx 1-5-1-7 cm. longus, praesertim inferne dense tuberculatus. Corolla, lobis inclusis, 6 cm.. longa, alba vel pallide lilacina (ex Marcan), tubo infra staminum insertionem intra pubescente. Filamenta 1 cm. supra corollae tubi basem inserta, circa 1-5 cm. longa, antherarum _loculis divaricatis. 3mm. longis. Ovarium circa 1 cm. altum, stylo 2-5 cm. longo. Fructus 14 cm. longus, fuscus, densius tuberculatus; semina, 174 ala inclusa, 3-5 em. longa.—Radermachera sp.n., Craib, Contrib Fl. Siam, p. 151. Bangkok, Legation Garden, Paget. Bangkok, cult., Mare 617. Petchabouri, thicket, 50 m., Marcan 621 (almost enn wild). Siamese name, Kaa kow (ex Marcan). Cinnamomum (Camphora) siamense, Craib [Lauraceae-Perseae} a speciebus indicis hujus gregis alae gracilibus, foliis minoribus subtus glabris haud glaucis distinctu Arbor ramulis gracilibus glabris ‘palit pallide brunneis mox fusco-brunneis pauci-lenticellatis. Folia oblongo-elliptica, rarius lanceolata ovatave, apice angustata vel subacuminata, mucro- ulata, basi cuneata, saepe inaequilateralia, ad 11 cm. longa et 4-5 cm. lata, coriacea vel chartaceo-coriacea, glabra, subtus parum pallidiora, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4—6 supra conspicuis subtus prominentibus intra marginem anastomosantibus, duobus infimis intramarginalibus, nervulis rete gracile subtus prominulum efficientibus, margine integra, petiolo circa 1 cm. longo supra canaliculato suffulta. Flores ignoti. Fructus immaturus; recep- taculum incrassatum, elongato-turbinatum, 1-6 cm. longum, apice 7 mm. diametro, perianthii segmentis delapsis. . Siam, Kerr 2511. XXVIII. MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. RETIREMENT oF Mr. W. Watson.—On June 24th Mr. W. Watson, A.LS., who has been Curator of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, since August 1st, 1901, retired under the age limit. Mr. Watson entered Kew as Foreman i in 1879 and was appointed Assistant Curator in 1886. He is succeeded by Mr. W. J. BEAN, who has been Assistant Curator since Feburary 7th, 1900, having entered Kew in 1883 as a young gardener. The post vacated by ‘Mr, Bean is not being filled, but the five Foremen, Messrs. W. TRvrNe, C..P. Rarrinn, A. OsBor RN, W. Taytor and J. CovTrts, have been given the rank of Assistant Curators. R. ARCHIBALD T. Brooks, Agricultural Superintendent, St. Lucia (K.B., 1903, 30), has been appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies, on the recommendation of Kew, Director of Agriculture in the Gambia. Presentation of the Forrest Collection—The important and valuable collections made by Mr. George Forrest during the period 1916-1919, when he was engaged on his botanical ex- plorations in N. W. Yunnan and §.E. Tibet—chiefly on the ranges which divide the three irae rivers, the Yangtze-kiang, the Mekong and the Salween, draining those regions— have been very generously presented to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, by the Syndicate under whose auspices Mr. Forrest carried out his explorations. Out of the 6000 numbers collected during 175 those years an almost complete set has been presented to Kew, all labelled with Forrest’s numbers and determined at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh. Previous collections by Forrest are already well represented in the Herbarium and the present consignment which keeps up to the former standard in excellent selection and preservation will form a valuable addition to our collections from these mountains. Erica vagans, L., var. kevernensis, Z'urrill—Hrica vagans is well known as one of the characteristic ‘‘ Lusitanian ’’ plants of the British flora, and it is therefore of additional interest to record the occurrence of an aberrant plant which differs markedly from the common type. This new plant was discovered and introduced into culti- vation by Mr. P. D. Williams, of Lanarth, and he has kindly furnished the following particulars :—‘‘ When partridge shooting at Trelanvean farm, St. Keverne, on the north-west corner of a rough moor (2248, Ordnance Survey 1907), 1 noticed a small plant of this remarkable form of Erica vagans. Next day I took cuttings (which fortunately grew) and also layered the plant. The following year the original plant and the layers were trodden into the ground by cattle and destroyed. I have a group of it in my garden and find that in normal years it never seeds, but that it sometimes sports. In 1921 it seeded. It is remarkable that on the same day I found the only recorded plant of a natural hybrid of Erica vagans and #. tetralix (x #. Williamsit, Druce). This plant was about 3 of a mile to the west on plot 2788, Ordnance Survey 1907.” Plants at Kew received from Mr. Williams have flourished and have been propagated so that they now occupy an entire bed between the T-range and the Succulent House, near beds of typical Erica vagans and x Erica Williamsia These plants have been kept under observation for about a year and the flower and fruit characters studied in living specimens. The new plant differs from the usual form of the species in the shape and colour of its corollas, characters which are 176 not easy to make out in dried material. The corollas are broadly campanulate, with a wide open mouth, and well developed, more or less reflexed lobes. The bending back of the corolla. lobes varies with the age of the flowers, but in mature, though not faded, examples it is decidedly more marked than in typical Erica vagans. In colour the fresh corollas are a charming rose- ink with no tinge of purple. Careful examination of numerous plants, all apparently derived from the one original by vegetative propagation, has failed to detect any constant morphological differences between the leaves, calyx, androecium or gynoecium of the St. Keverne plant and typical Hrica vagans, though the anthers are paler in the former and the seeds sometimes slightly larger, but their reticulation or shallow pitting is the same Horticulturally the St. Keverne variety is more desirable than the typical plant since the colour of the corollas is more — pleasing. Its propagation by cuttings or layering is easy and it is likely that its cultivation will spread. It is impossible at present to decide fully the botanical status of this plant. No morphological characters which would suggest. a hybrid origin have been found. Mr. Williams records that the plant does not generally seed but sometimes sports. The examples at Kew have carried seed this last year (1921) almost as abun- dantly as the examples of typical #. vagans ; whether or not this seed is viable remains to be seen. If plants are successfully raised from seeds it may be possible to suggest the mode of origin of the single individual originally found. At present its origin by mutation appears to be most likely, and we can only retain the name “St. Keverne ” for it as a horticultural designation, or perhaps better still call it var. kevernensis with the following differential diagnosis : a planta typica corollis late campanulatis roseis haud purpureis, lobis plus minusve reflexis praecipue differt. Examples of reversion to the parent plant have been noticed at Kew by Dr. Hill and others. The interesting hybrid between Erica vagans and E. tetralix, also discovered by Mr, Williams, described in the Kew Bulletin 1911, p. 378, and named x EF. Williamsii by Dr. G. C. Druce (Gard. Chron. 1911, ii., p. 388), is flourishing at Kew, the numerous plants filling a bed close to that occupied by the St. Keverne plant described above. The same keen observer has also found in Cornwall an abnormal condition of Erica vagans in which the floral organs are replaced by small leaves or bracts on an elongated axis and their number at the same time greatly increased. This sport has been described by Worsdell (Plant Teratology II., p. 124), and by Druce (Rep. Bot. Soc. and Exchange Club, 1919, p. 569).—W. B. T. cleats EO ALD ee Wn, LD OO Printed under the authority of His Magusty’s STATIONERY OFFICE By Eyre and Spottiswoode, Ltd., East Harding Street, E.C. 4, rinters to the King’s most Excellent Majesty. [Crown Copyright Reserved | ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW. BULLETIN OF MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION. No. 6] [1922 XXVIIL—A HOST LIST OF THE POLYPOREAE OCCURRING IN THE UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA. PauuL A. VAN DE BIJL, Professor of Phytopathology and Mycology, University of Stellenbosch. INTRODUCTION. The Polyporeae are of considerable economic importance to all concerned either with the care of forests or with the timber trade. Several parasitic and semiparasitic species are respons- ible for the decay of valuable timber trees, and even those which are purely saprophytic often cause serious loss by inducing the decay of sleepers and posts. peat Several of the species of Polyporeae are of wide distribution, and one object in publishing this list is to add to our knowledge of the hosts on which they occur. In taking up the study of these fungi and of the damage they cause it was essential to have them correctly identified, and in this connection I am indebted to Mr. C. G. Lloyd for much kind assistance. When I started on the subject some five years ago the number of species to be found in any herbarium or mycological institution in South Africa was small, and these were not determined wit any degree of certainty. With the cooperation of friends and especially officers of the Forestry Department, who collected for me in various parts of the Union, our knowledge of the species of Polyporeae occurring in the Union has been considerably increased. Mr. J. D. Keet, of the Forestry Department, took = especial keen interest in the subject, first in the King William’s Own conservancy and subsequently in the Knysna conservancy, — and we are indebted to him for bringing to light a large number of species not previously recorded from the Union. z (78)18193 Wti22—P23 1000 8/22 E&8 ae 178 With regard to the arrangement adopted in this paper, t genera are listed alphabetically and the species alphabetically under their respective genera. The genus Polystictus is merged in the genus Polyporus. The host-plants are listed alphabetically under the various species. Where no name is given the host- plant was undetermined. The list contains a few species believed to be new and indicated accordingly. These will be described in a monograph of the South African species to be published later. oS most of the countries where forestry plays an important art ever-increasing attention is being devoted to the causes of the decay of trees and timber for which this group of fungi is largely responsible. A knowledge of their distribution over the globe is for this reason very desirable, and it is hoped that the present list, the first from the Union, will supplement those which have already appeared from America, Ceylon, and other countries. Daedalea (Pers.) Fr. D. fuscospora, Lloyd. Old rotten log. D. Hobbsii, n. sp. (MS. name). Old log. . Favolus, Fr. Species of this genus were onty found on dead logs. The genus ia to oceur only in the more subtropical parts of the Union F. beasllicmais, Fr. F. dermoporus (Pers.) Lloyd. F. europaeus, /’r. F. Jacobaeus, Sacc. et Berl. This is the same as F. brasiliensis but with slightly smaller pores. In one collection the surface of the pileus was slightly tessellate and thus tended to connect this species with F. tessellatus, Mont. F. megaloporus (Mont.) Bres. F. spathulatus (Jungh.) Bres. Fomes (Fr.) Gill. F. applanatus (Pers.) Gill. On Acacia mollissima, Celtis kraussiana, Cunonia capensis, Curtisia faginea, Olea laurt- folia, Podocarpus sp., Pyrus communis, Rhus laevigata, Tricho- cladus sp. Under F. applanatus I include F. annularis, Lloyd, F. leucophaeus (Mont.) Cooke, F. vegetus (Fr.) Cooke F. australis (Fr.) Cooke. In the ‘South African Journal of Science,” Vol. xiv., p- 465, a rot of Olea laurifolia caused by this fungus was described. 179 F. conchatus (Pers.) Gill. On living Melia Azedarach. Also saprophytic on various undetermined logs and stumps. F. connatus (Weinm.) Gill. On living Curtisea faginea. F. geotropus Cooke. On living plants of Ocotea bullata, Podocarpus sp., and Virgilia capensis. — Fomes hornodermus (Mont.) Cooke. On Ocotea bullata. F. McGregori, Bres. On Rhus laevigata, Scolopia Mundtii, and Trichocladus sp. F. melanoporus (Mont.) Cooke. On undetermined logs. F. oroflavus, Lloyd. On Podocarpus sp. F. pectinatus (K1.) Gill. On Acacia melanoxylon, and Kiggelaria africana. F. rimosus (Berk.) Cooke. On living plants of Acacia sp., Curtisea faginea, Elaeodendron croceum, Kiggelaria africana, Olea laurifolia, Pleurostyla sp., Ptaeroxylon utile, Rhus sean pepe latifolia, Scolopia Mundtu, Xymalos monospor In rae Roy. Soc. South Africa, Vol. vi., p. 215, the ** Heart Rot ” of Piaeroxylon utile caused by this fungus is described. F. Robinsoniae (Murr.) Sacc. et Trott. On Gymnosporia peduncularis. F. robustus, Karst. On Olea laurifolia, Xymalos monospora. F. senex (Nees et Mont.) Cooke. On living Sizygium sp., and other undetermined hosts. F. yucatanensis (Murr.) Sacc. et D. Sacc. On living plants of Olea sp. and Trema bracteolata. Gloeoporus, Mont. G. conchoides, Mont. Saprophytic. Host undetermined. Hexagonia, /’r. In South Africa the genus Hexagonia occurs only in the more subtropical regions. H. albida, Berk. H. Dybowskii, Pat. H. phaeopora, Pat. H. Pobeguinii, Har. H. rigida, Berk. On Persea gratissima icoos branches). Also saprophytic on other undetermined hosts. H. speciosa, Fr. Saprophytic on old logs in the forests cf | Zululand. = 180 H. tenuis (Hook.) Fr. Saprophytic on Albizzia fastigiata, Hibiscus tiliaceus, Xanthoxylon capense. The form known as H. tricolor, Fr. is referred to H. tenuis, as the stain present on the upper surface of the pileus is not constant. Laschia, Jr. L. Thwaitesii, B. et Br. On dead branches lying on the ground in forests. Lenzites, Fr. L. aspera (K/.) Fr. On Eucalyptus globulus. L. betulina (Linn.) Fr. (including L. guineensis, Fr.) A common saprophyte. Recorded on Acacia mollissima, living Celtis kraussiana, Olea laurifolia, Pinus sp., Quercus sp. L. repanda (Pers.) Fr. A common saprophyte. Recorded on Acacia mollissima, Salix sp., and undetermined hosts. Under L. repanda are included Daedalea elegans, Spreng. and Lenzites applanata, Fr. L. trabea (Pers.) Fr. On logs*of Pinus sp., Populus sp. Polyporus (Mich.) Fr. P. adustus (Willd.) Fr. On Quercus sp. (Saprophytic on logs and stumps.) P. anebus, Berk. P. aratus, Berk. (= P. luteo-olivaceus, Berk.) a common saprophyte. P. arcularius (Baisch) Fr. P. arenosobasus, Lloyd. On the ground. P. conchatus, Lloyd. On dead stump of Populus sp. P. dichrous, Fr., Saprophytic on Podocarpus sp. and Rhus laevigata. P. dictyopus, Mont. P. durbanensis, n.sp. (MS. name). P. Emerici, Berk. P. flexilis, n.sp. (MS. name). P. fruticum, Berk. et Curt. On living Rubiaceous plant. P. gallopavonis, Berk. et Br. P. gilvus (Schw.) Fr. A common saprophyte on Acacia melan- oxylon, Calodendron capense, Rhus laevigata. Scolopia Mundtii, Quercus sp. and other undetermined hosts. Under P. gilwus I include P. scruposus, Fr. 18] P. hirsutus (Wulf.) Fr. Saprophytic on Acacia decurrens var. normalis and on undetermined hosts. P. hirsutulus, Schw. P. hirtellus, /’r. P. immaculatus, Berk, Saprophytic on Podocarpus sp. P. leoninus, K/. P. lucidus (Leys) Fr. On living plants of Acacia sp., Acacia mollissima, Albizzia amara, Albizzia fastigiata, Olea laurifolia, Olea verrucosa, Salix sp., and on dead Ptaeroxylon utile and Zizyphus mucronata. Under P. lucidus I include Ganoderma sessile, Murr., P. capensis, Lloyd, and Ganoderma fulvellum Bres. P. luteus (Bl. et Nees) Fr. P. mastoporus, Lév. P. mollicarnosus, Lloyd. P. nigrolucidus, Zioyd. On the ground in forests. P. occidentalis, Ki. A common saprophyte. Recorded on Albizzia fastigiata, Persea gratissima. anatus, Fr., P. helvolus, Fr. and. Trametes devexa, Berk. are included under this name. P. ochroleucus, Berk. On dead Curtisea faginea and T'richocladus sp P. ochroporus, n.sp. (MS. name). Close to P. Patouillardia but with different surface, larger and differently coloured pore mouths and thinner setae. P. Patouillardii, Rick. On living Scolopia Mundtiz P. phocinus, Berk. et Br. P. pinsitus, Fr. P. pocula (Schw.) Berk. et Curt. On bark of Eucalyptus sp. P. pubescens (Schum.) Fr. P. rusticus, Lloyd. Saprophytic on stump of Pinus sp. P. sacer, Fr. On the ground in forests or in the vicinity of stumps. P. sanguineus (Linn.) Fr. A common saprophyte. Found on living Aloe arborescens, Aloe Marloth, as well as on dead Acacia mollissima, Olea laurifolia, Xymalos monospora, and undetermined hosts. P. subpictilis, Henn. P. subradiatus, Lloyd. Saprophytic on Eucalyptus sp. P. sulphureus (Bull.) Fr. On Quercus sp. (wound parasite), and on Eucalyptus sp. (saprophytic on stump.) P. tabacinus, Mont. P. Trichiliae, n.sp. (MS. name). On Trichilia emetica. 182 P. undatus, Pers. P. varius, Fr. On dead Curtisea faginea. P. velutinus, /’r. P. versicolor (Linn. ) Fr. Common saprophyte on Acacia mollis- ima and various undetermined hosts. On Prunus persica it occurs as a wound parasite. P. versiporus, Pers. P. vinosus, Berk. P. xanthopus, /’r. P. zonatus, Jr. Trametes, Fr. ¥ albotexta, Lloyd. On dead Podocarpus sp. a. ¢ ta, Berk. Common on dead Acacia mollissima and “indigenous Acacia spp. T. griseo-lilacina, n.sp. (MS. name). T. Hystrix, Cooke. T. incondita, Fr. On living Ptaeroxylon utile. T. Keetii, n.sp. (MS. name). T. lactinea, Berk. Saprophytic on Acacia mollissima and Schotia latifolia. T. moesta, Kalchbr. T. obstinatus, Cooke. Common in South Africa on living Acacia mollissima, indigenous Acacia sp., Citrus, and a number of undetermined hosts. T. ochrolignea, Lloyd. T. protea (Berk.) Fr. A common peprophyte on species of Pinus, Populus, Salix, and undetermined hosts T. robiniophila, Murr. T. Sepium, Berk. T. Sycomori, Henn. T. subflava, Lloyd. On living Celtis kraussiana. T. tomentosa, n.sp. (MS. name). T. violacea, Lloyd. T. Zimmermannii, Bres. 183 XXIX.—DECADES KEWENSES PLANTARUM NOVARUM IN HERBARIO Hortt Reem CONSERVATARUM, DECAS CVI. 1051. Vochysia hondurensis, Sprague [Vochysiaceae]; affinis V. guatemalenst, Donn. Smith, a qua foliis obovato-oblongis vel oblanceclatis haud acuminatis et floribus minoribus recedit. cule sed inconspicue lenticellati. Folia quaternatim verticillata, obovato-oblonga vel oblanceolata, apice rotundata vel obtusissima, basi obtusa vel subcuneata, 6-14 em. longa, 2°5-5 ecm. lata, coriacea, brunnescentia, inconspicue crebre reticulata, glaberrima, subdiscolora, supra via nitidula nervo medio leviter impresso nervis lateralibus primum inconspicuis tandem leviter impressis magis obviis, subtus nervo medio prominente lateralibus promi- nulis; nervi laterales utrinque 10-13, patuli, arcuato-ascendentes, 4-7 mm. intra marginem anastomosantes; petioli 1-5-2°5 cm. longi, graciles; stipulae e basi lata subulatae, 2-3 mm. longae, pilosulae. Jhyrsi 15-20 cm. longi, minute pilosuli, rhachi angulata profunde canaliculata subtiliter striata; cincinni circiter 5-flori; pedunculi 4-8 mm. longi; pedicelli 5-8 mm. longi. Flores calcare excluso 1-1-3 em longi. Calycis segmenta antica ovata, obtusa, 3 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata, glabra vel sparse ciliolata; segmenta lateralia deltoideo-ovata, 1-5 mm. longa, 1-5-1-8 mm. lata, ciliolata; segmentum posticum 9 mm. longum, (explanatum) 5-5 mm. latum, caleare descendente 6-6-5 mm. longo. Petula elliptico-ovata; petalum medium 5 mm. longum, 4 mm. latum; lateralia paullo minora. Filamentum 3 mm. longum ; anthera 6 mm. longa, 1-5 mm. lata. Ovariwm glabrum, 1-3 mm. longum; stylus 2-5 mm. supra basin sigmoideo-curvatus, deinde erectus sensim ampliatus, parte superiore 8 mm. longa. British Honpuras. Belize, EZ. F. J. Campbell 10 (type); Punta Gorda, C. Hummel. According to Mr. Campbell, V. hondurensis is a timber tree with soft wood used extensively for making small boats. Mr. Hummel states that it is a tree of large size, straight and cylindric, yields a good wood’ for boards, and is common in the South of the Colony. The vernacular name of the species 1s ec eme * 39 1052. Vochysia tabascana, Sprague [Vochysiaceae] ; _affinis V. guatemalensi, Donn. Smith, a qua foliis oppositis brevioribus pro rata latioribus apice vix cuspidatis, rete venularum valido, calcare floris descendente recedit. 184 Ramuli laeves, purpureo-brunnei, glaberrimi, profunde canali- culati. Folia opposita, elliptico-oblonga, apice brevissime latis- sime subcuspidata, basi obtusa vel subcuneata, 5-10-5 cm. longa, 2-5-5 em. lata, coriacea, lutescentia, utrinque valde reticulata, glaberrima, supra cage nervo medio et lateralibus prominulis, subtus opaca nervo medio prominente lateralibus prominulis; nervi laterales abestin te 9-10, basi patuli, arcuato-ascendentes, -5-5 mm. intra marginem anastomosantes; petioli 1-2 cm. longi, graciles; stipulae e basi — subulatae, usque ad 2mm. longae. Thyrsi circiter 15 longi, minute puberuli, rhachi angulata profunde pdiinotinta (acblasick striata; cincinni 2-5-flori; pedunculi 5-7 mm. longi; pedicelli 5-6 mm. longi. Flores caleare excluso 1-1-1-4 cm. longi. Calycis segmenta antica late ovata, rotundata, 2-2-2 mm. longa, 2-5 mm. lata, ciliolata; segmenta lateralia 1 mm. longa, 1.5 mm. lata; seg- mentum posticum 9-13 mm. longum (explanatum) 6 mm. latum, caleare descendente crasso 7:5 mm. longo. Petala ciliata; medium 4-5 mm. longum, lateralia minora. Filamentum 3 mm. longum; anthera 5-5-6-5 mm. longa, 1-3-1-5 mm. lata. Ovarium glabrum, 1-2 mm. longum; stylus rectus, 8-5 mm. longus, superne vix ampliatus. Mexico. Tabasco; between Atasta and La Tejeria, Rovirosa 92. - 1053. Rhus costaricensis, Riley [Anacardiaceae-Anacardieae] ; affinis R. terebinthifoliae, Cham. et Schlecht., a qua indumento formaque foliolorum differt. Rami dense fulvo-tomentosi, striati, lenticellis magnis con- spicuis. Foliaimparipinnata, 3-4—juga, 9-13-5 em. longa, rhachi dense fulvo-tomeniosa, flexuosa. Foliola satis remota, circiter 1'5-2 cm. distantia, obliqua, integra, ovato- -oblonga, submucro- nato-acuminata, basi valde inaequalia, latere superiori ppeigsia% inferiori acuto, brevissime petiolulata, 4-5 em. longa 1-5-2-5c¢ lata, supra praecipue secundum costam nervosque iataealse insculptos pilosa, subtus dense fulvotomentosa, costa nervisque lateralibus valde prominentibus. Paniculae magnae, ramis folia longe superantibus, ubique dense ‘eee tomentosae, ramis ramu- lisque flexuosis. Bracteae vix mm. longae, triangulares, obtusae, utrinque pilosae, mispinibus ciliatis. Sepala 5, ovata, obtusa, dimidium petalorum aequantia, marginibus ciliatis exceptis glabra. Petala 5, ovata, basi plus minusve cordata, apice rotundata, 1-5 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, extra glabra, intus sparse sericea, marginibus ciliatis. Stamina 5, petalis multo breviora. Ovarium ovoideum, pubescens; styli connati, breves, heal capitatis. Druwpae circiter 6 mm. Jdiametro, longe pilosae Costa Rica. Prov. San José: Rio Virilla, 1100 m., fl. and fr. Dec., Tonduz in Donn. Smith 6999 (Herb. Inst. Nac. Costaric. 9823) (type) ; 5 Prev, ee a near Cartago, 1275 m., fr. March, Cooper in Donn, Smith 572 4 185 A specimen collected by Heyde and Lux at Carrizal, Dep. Santa Rosa, Guatemala, alt. 1500 m. (Donn. Smith 4330) probably belongs to R. costaricensis, but the leaflets have longer petiolules, and are larger and thinner 1054. Acacia NRE: J. R. Drumm. MS. ex Dunn [ Leguminosae-Mimoseae]; ab A. Campbellii, Arn., pinnis 3—4-pari- bus, petiolis eglandulosis, corollis calyce sesquilongioribus differt. Frutex parvus, ramulis ut aculeis rhachibusque foliorum et pinnarum pubescentibus, aculeis stipularibus binis 1-1-5 em. longis rectis tenuibus Folia 3-4-juga, 3-4 cm _ longa, glandulis infra jugum supremum et saepe infra juga alia instructa, petiolo eglanduloso; pinnae 1-5-2 em longae; foliola 8-10-paria, oblonga, obtusa, mucronata, 3 mm. longa, glabra. poison axillaria, solitaria vel bina, sub anthesi lutea, 1-5-2 cm. dia- metro; pedunculi 3-4 em. longi, pubescentes, biekatele “‘paeyls 2-3 medio cincti. Flores sessiles, oc. Calyx 1-5 mm. longus, giaber, dentibus minutis. Corolla 2:5 mm longa, glabra dentibus triangularibus 1 mm. longis. Staminace. Legumen 5-10 cm. longum, 5-6 mm. latum, breviter stipitatum, glabrum, suturis paullo incrassatis, inter semina leviter constrictum. Semina oblonga, compressa, 6 mm. longa. . Inpra. Kumaon, Stewart 96; The Bhabar at 500 m., 1852, Strachey and Winterbottom 3; Hardwar 330 m., Jan. (flower) 1845, Thomson 893, Major Madden, 1852 ; Mohan Rau, Saharanpur, Siwaliks at 500 m., 11.2.1922 (flower) Parker 55. 1055. Vaeeinium glaucescens, Riley [Vacciniaceae-Vacci- nieae]; affinis V. angustifolio, Benth., glabritie et glaucitie, pedicellis longioribus et positu bracteolarum differt. Fruticulus ramis angulatis glabris, novellis glaucis. Folia brevissime petiolata, oblongo-lanceolata, 2-4 em. longa, valde acuminata, coriacea, utrinque glabra et glauca, conspicue nervosa, minute et remote dentata. Racemi 6-8 em. longi, foliati, a basi ramulorum ad apicem florentes. Pedicelli axillares solitarii, recurvi, glauci, circiter 8 mm longi. Bracteolae lineari-lanceolatae, acuminatae, vel angustiores subulatae, 3-6 mm. longae, medio pedicelli vel superius insertae, glaucae. Calycis lobi triangulares, acuti vel acute acuminati, glabri. Corolla 4 mm. longa. Antherae longis- sime aristatae, glabrae.—V. angustifolium var glaucescens, Benth. Pl. Hartw. p. 45 (1840). Mexico. Tepic; Bolafios, Hartweg 342 B (type). 1056. Clethra tomentella, Rolfe MS. ex Dunn Wael affinis C. luzonicae, Merrill, sed foliis basi attenuatis et raceml laxis differt Arbor parva, cortice ramulorum brunneo striato instructa. Folia alterna, apicibus ramulorum aggregata, oblanceolata, apice acuminata, basi attenuata, 6-11 cm. longa, sparse serrata sed fere integra, chartacea, subtus tomentella, supra glabra; venae 12-15-pares, subtus prominentes; petioli 5-12 mm. longi. 186 Paniculae terminales, 20 cm. longae, racemis multis elongatis angustis laxis divergentibus; bracteae lineares, 5 mm. longae, caducae, ut calyces, pedicelli pedunculique tomento brevi rufo vestitae. Calyx 2 mm. longus, e sepalis 5 imbricatis lanceolatis basi paullo unitis compositus. Petala obovata, basi breviter coalita, 3 mm. longa. Stamina inclusa. Ovarium ovatum, 1 mm. longum; stylo brevi bilobo. Puree Istanps. Benguet; Tonglou, A. Loher 3790; Elmer 6283 (May 1904): Rizal, A. Loher 6193 (Aug. 1905); 6177 (19 Sept. 1905). 1057. Veronica rigida, T'urrill [Scrophulariaceae-Digitaleae] ; affinis V. Chamaedrys, L., sed caulibus rigidioribus ramosioribus, foliis petiolatis, infructescentiis saepe longioribus, pedicellis brevioribus, corollis minoribus differt Plania perennis (vel interdum biennis), caulibus cylindricis adscendentibus ramosis rigidis inferne pilis in lineis duabus dispositis instructis superne undique hirsutis. Folia oblongo- ovata vel ovata, apice subobtusa, ee subcordata deinde in _ petiolum angustata, usque ad 3-8 cm. longa et 2-7 cm. lata alah excluso), saepissime minora et circiter 2 cm. longa et , margine inciso-dentata, in“pagina superiore leviter hispida vel glabra nervis impressis, in pagina inferiore nervis prominentibus valde hispidis; petiolus 6-7 mm. longus, hispido- hirsutus. Inflorescentia 3-12 cm. longa, glanduloso-hirsuta; bracteae lineari-lanceolatae, 4-5 mm. longae, 1 mm. latae, glanduloso-hirsutae ; pedicelli floriferi 2 mm. longi. Infruct- escentia usque ad 3-4 dm. longa; pedicelli fructiferi 4 mm. longi. Calyx 5mm. longus, sepalis costis extra prominentibus instructis. Corolla 8-10 mm. diametro, intense caerulea, lobis lateralibus Soe 3-5 mm. latis, abaxiali circiter 2mm. lato. Stamina m. longa, caerulea. Ovarium biconvexum, ambitu circulare, 0: 75 mm. altum, marginibus apiceque albo-hirsutum ; stylus 3:5 mm. longus, inferne albus, medio purpureus, oe ‘intense caeruleus. Capsula obcordata, 3-5 mm. longa, 4 mm. lata, margine albo-hirsuta, saepissime pubescens; semina oblongo- orbicularia, pallide flava. GREEK Maceponi4. Southern slopes of Krusa Balkan; north of Karamudli, T'urrill (seed-number) 49, seeds collected 18-6.’17, in flower and fruit at Kew from May to September. This plant was originally described (in oss Bull. 1920, p. 192) as a variety of Veronica Chamaedrys, L. After cultivating it for five successive years and finding that its important differential characters remain constant it has been thought advisable to raise it to specific rank. In cultivation it has behaved both as a biennial and as Seis flowering the second and suc years after being sown. A specimen collected by A. Baldacci, Iter Albanicum Septimum, in silvaticis Greéa sub m. Kun j Ko stic, distr. Kuci, 24 Julio 1900, No. 350, is probably spociBically identical with 187 the plant here described. It has, however, more deeply and irregularly incised leaves. 1058. . Beloperone flaviflora, T'urrill [Acanthaceae-Justicieae] ; affinis B. tenerae, Turrill, sed planta fulvo-hirsuta, foliis multo majoribus, floribus flavis valde distincta. Herba (vel suffrutex) erecta, caulibus subteretibus junioribus dense fulvo-hirsutis deinde subglabris. Folia oblongo-elliptica vel elliptica, usque ad 2-75 dm. longa (petiolo excluso) et 1-1 dm. lata, apice acute acuminata basi cuneata vel acuta, costa nervisque in pagina utraque conspicuis pilis fulvis in juventute praecipue instructis, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus circiter 12; petiolus usque ad 6 cm. longus, fulvo-hirsutus. Inflorescentiae axillares vel terminales; bracteae lineari-lanceolatae, 3 mm. longae, extra dense glanduloso-puberulae, caducae; bracteolae lineares, 2-5 mm, longae, dense glanduloso-puberulae. Calycis segmenta lanceolato-linearia, acuta, 5 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, puberula. Corolla anguste cylindrica, superne leviter ampliata, 2-8 em. longa, flava, extra glanduloso-puberula, labio adaxiali 1-2 em. longo apice emarginato, abaxiali 1-2 cm. longo leviter aequali- terque trilobato. Stamina 2, leviter exserta, filamentis 1-8 em. longis inferne pilis brevibus reflexis instructis, antheris dithecis, thecis superpositis utrisque vix 2 mm. longis calcaratis; pollinis’ granula ellipsoideo-oblonga, 55-58 p longa, 32-33 » diametro. Ovarium cylindrico-conoideum, 3 mm. altum, basi 1:25 mm. diametro, puberulum; stylus 2-2 cm. longus, inferne puberulus. West Inpiges. Trinidad: heights of Aripo; Jan. 13, 1922, R. O. Williams. , This is a very distinct species of Beloperone. It is related to a plant collected by C. G. Pringle at Las Canoas, State of San Luis Potosi, Mexico, 1891, No. 3933, and described by B. L. Robinson in Proc. Amer. Acad. xxvii. p. 183, 1892 as Beloperone fragilis, Rob. Unfortunately this name cannot stand, since the same combination had been used long previously by Martius in Flor. Bras. ix. p. 140, 1847, to designate a plant, which, from the description, is a quite distinct species, from Prov. Bahia, Brazil. For the Mexican plant it is proposed that the name Beloperone tenera, Turrill, should be substituted for Beloperone fragilis, Robinson. 1059. Isotheca, Turrill [Acanthaceae-Justicieae] ; genus novum affinis Herpetacantho, Nees, sed : floribus in thyrsum terminalem dispositis, staminum abaxialium thecis aequalibus parallelis, pollinis granulis ad typum “ Stachelpollen ”’ pertinep- tibus distincta. ; da awats sabeeoenlibus -parti ngustis . Calyx 5-partitus, segmentis angu cra sick tebe abaxiali breviter trilobo. Stamina 4, didynama, filamentis basi per paria lateralia connatis; antherae stammum adaxialium monothecae, abaxialium dithecae, thecis oblongis so aC parallelis muticis. Pollinis granula sphaeroidea, typ! Stachel- 188 pollen.” Discus annularis, brevis. Stylus filiformis, apice minute 2-dentatus; ovula in quoque loculo 2. Capsula (fere matura) oblongo-clavata, basi in stipitem longum solidum contracta.— Herba vel suffrutex, erecta. Folia integerrima. Flores pedi- cellati, flavi, fasciculati vel solitarii, in axillis bractearum parvarum in thyrsum terminalem dispositi. I. alba, Turrill, species unica. Caules erecti, glabri. Folia elliptica, apice acute angustata vel acuminata, basi in petiolum cuneato-angustata, usque ad 2-2 dm. longa (petiolo excluso), costa nervisque in pagina superiore subimpressis, in pagina inferiore conspicuis, lateralibus utrinsecus circiter 12 marginem versus anastomosantibus, glaberrima; petiolus usque ad 5 em. longus, glaber. Jnflorescentia thyrsoidea, terminalis, cum pedun- culo 3 cm. longo 2 dm. longa, glabra. Calycis segmenti 5, lanceolato-aciculares, subaequales, apice acuminati, 7 mm. longi. Corolla alba (ex Williams), tubo 4 cm. longo fauce 8 mm. diametro glabro; labii adaxialis segmenta 2, lateralia, 7 mm. longa, 2-5 mm. lata, labio abaxiali trilobo, lobis subaequalibus 1-5 mm. longis. Stamina leviter exserta; antherae thecis 4 mm. longis, filamentis circiter 4-5 em. longis; pollinis granula circiter 65 » diametro. Ovariuwm cylindricum, 3 mm. altum, 1-5 mm. diametro, glabrum, loculis 2 biovulatis; stylus 5-5 mm. longus. West Inpigs. Trinidad; heights of Aripo, Jan. 13, 1912, R. O. Williams. 1060. Leucas helicterifolia, Haines [Labiatae-Stachydeae] ; L. lanatae, Benth. affinis, sed indumento et foliis lanceolatis acutis serratis nec crenatis differt. Herba caulibus pluribus: subdiffusis 30-50 cm. longis vix ramosis quadrangulatis, pilis suberectis longis brevioribusque dense obtectis. Folia lanceolata vel anguste oblongo-lanceolata nervi laterales 3-5 obliqui; petioli inferiores ad 5 mm. longi. Flores albi, sessiles, in verticillastris multifloris axillaribus dispositi, bracteis setaceis 2-4 mm. longis, pilosis. Calyx tubu- losus, 7-9 mm. longus; tubus rectus vel leviter incurvus, intra parce sericeus, nervis 10 fortibus pilosis, ore aequali, dentibus triangularibus acutissimis minutis erectis ciliatis. Corollae tubus 9-10 mm. longus, pubescens; Jabium superum 4 mm., labium inferum 6 mm. longum subtus pubescens. Inpia. Bihar & Orissa: Ramnagar Hills; 300-600 m., Haines 4995, 189 XXX.—ADDITIONS TO THE WILD FAUNA AND FLORA OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, Ws: ZV1 g Bark BEETLES: (COLEOPTERA). W. Datirmore and J. W. Munro. Phloeosinus thujae, Perris (The Thuya Bark Beetle). The abnormal drought of 1921 seriously affected the health of many trees at Kew and those that were unduly weakened have been carefully watched during the present year for signs of improved health or further deterioration. Amongst the enfeebled trees were two specimens, at least 40 to 50 years old, of Thuya orientalis near the Cumberland gate. In the autumn of 1921 they had an unhealthy appearance and _ the winter rains effected little improvement. During late spring a number of branches died and by the end of June the bark had begun to separate from the wood. On examination the presence of a bark beetle was detected. This was submitted to Dr. J. W. Munro, Entomologist to the Forestry Commission, who identified it as Phloeosinus thujae, Perris, a beetle that had not hitherto been found in Britain although it is known to occur on the Continent on species of Thuya, Cupressus, and Sequoia, and also on Juniperus communis and J. Sabina, attacking sound healthy trees, its attack beginning on the uppermost twigs and spreading downwards. Towards the end of July the beetle was found on Cupressus pisifera in another part of the gardens, half a mile from the original locality. Dr. Munro has kindly contributed the following particulars respecting this beetle together with highly magnified drawings of the insect and its main and secondary galleries. * Phloeosinus thujae belongs to the Hylesininae group of the bark beetles and is allied to the genus Hylesinus or ash-bark beetles. It is very dark brown or almost black in colour, about z's in. long. and differs from the ash-bark beetles in several important characters, of which, the absence of tubercles on the thorax, the deeply indented margin of the eyes, and the structure of the antennal club are the chief. “The brood galleries of Phlocosinus are typical for the genus. Like those of the ash-bark beetles the mother galleries are two- armed but unlike these last they are cut parallel to the stem axis and not across it. “Tt is at present difficult to determine whence these beetles came to Kew. They may have been imported on Thuya or they may yet prove to be indigenous in England. The first surmise is probably the correct one.” ee However interesting the discovery of an injurious insect ie to Britain may be to the entomologist it is disquieting to t ; cultivator and emphasises the danger of importing insect anc 190 other pests with nursery stock. It is probable that in the present instance the beetle may have been present at Kew in small numbers for many years and escaped detection until the sudden enfeeblement of the host plants from another cause, made it possible for the beetles to increase rapidly in numbers and kill thé branches. It is well known that the elm-bark beetles may | - be present on healthy trees for many years causing little harm, whereas, after the weakening of the trees by other agencies, the beetles rapidly increase in numbers and kill the trees. The rapidity with which a disease is able to spread on closely cropped ground emphasises the necessity for gardeners, foresters, and farmers, to be constantly on the alert. Diseases, whether of fungus or insect agency, usually appear in the first instance on single plants or on limited areas and the application of a wash or burning a few plants at the outset may prevent an epidemic that would do incalculable harm at a later date were they neglected. The supply of clean nursery stock is also of vital importance in the control of disease and care should be taken to clean any infected stock before it leaves the nursery. The appearance of the thuya bark beetle at Kew affords a good opportunity of directing attention to other bark beetles found in the gardens and on the invitation of the Director, Dr. Munro has prepared the following list, with drawings of the galleries of some of the principal genera found in the sap-wood The discovery of the bark beetle Phloeosinus thujae, Perris, in the Royal Botanic Gardens, by Mr. Dallimore, has called attention to the Kew bark beetles generally. No list of these has so far been- published and except for an exotic species, Xyleborus morigerus, Bland., recorded by Pearson in B. ‘Additional Series V, there is no mention of bark -beetles in the Kew fauna lists. The following list therefore, based on observa- tions made by the writer during the last two years and on material iat by Mr. Dallimore, has been prepared at the Director’s request. destructor, (Large Elm Bark Beetle). —This species is abundant in Sa on elms. It increased in numbers during 1921 probably owing to the favourable conditions produced by the drought. Scolytus m multistriatus, Marsh, (Small Elm Bark Beetle).— This species is found together with S. destructor but is less common. Both these species are accompanied by the Elm Bark Weevil (Magdalis armigera, F.). Scolytus pruni, Ratz., (Large Fruit-tree Bark Beetle).— A few specimens have occurred in the Director’s Orchard and one brood was reared on cherry laurel (Prunus Laurocerasus), in Cambridge Cottage Garden in 1921, in a hawthorn log in Queen’s Cottage Grounds, 1922, and on Prunus Padus in the Upper Nursery, 1922. 191 Scolytus intricatus, Ratz., (Oak Bark Beetle).—This species is common throughout the gardens on various oaks and on sweet chestnut. Scolytus rugulosus, Ratz., (Small Fruit-tree Bark Beetle),.— Common on various fruit trees in the Director’s Orchard, and on Prunus Padus in the Upper Nursery, 1922. Hylesinus fraxini, Panz., (Ash Bark Beetle).—Probably common on Fraxinus in Queen’s Cottage Grounds and on lilac (Syringa vulgaris), 1922. Hylesinus vittatus, F'., (Elm Hylesinus).—On elm along with Magdalis armigera. Phloeosinus thujae, Perris, (Thuya Bark Beetle)—Found on Thuya orientalis near the Cumberland Gate, July 1922. Not previously recorded for Britain, and on Cypsressus pisifera, July 1922. Myelophilus piniperda, L., (Pine-shoot Beetle)—Not un- common in the Pinetum. Hylurgops palliatus, Gyll., (Brown Pine Beetle)—On pine _ and spruce logs in the Stable Yard. ylastes ater, Payk., (Black Pine Beetle)—On pine logs in the Stable Yard. Dryocaetes villosus, F.—On oak and sweet chestnut in Queen’s Cottage Grounds. Cryphalus (Ernoporus) fagi, F., (Beech Bark Beetle)—On beech twigs and branches throughout the gardens. Until recently this species was considered rare in England. Mr. Chrystal finds it abundant in Epping Forest and the writer has recently found it near Wotton in Surrey. halus abietis, Ratz., (Fir Bark Beetle).—Its galleries have been found on Abies spp. Pityogenes bidentatus, Hbst.—On Pinus spp. in the Pinetum and Stable Yard. Pityogenes cographus, L.—On scaffold-poles in the Stable Yard. Undoubtedly an importation. Not established in the Gardens. Pityophthorus pubescens, Marsh——On pine twigs in the Pinetum. Xyleborus saxeseni, Ratz.—On cherry trees in the Director’s Orchard, on oak, sweet chestnut and beech in Queen’s Cottage Grounds and on a Catalpa log from the Gardens. Trypodendron domesticum, L.—On oak and beech logs in the Stable Yard. eS ae This list is probably incomplete but it is interesting in that with the exception of Pityogenes chalcographus and the possible exception of Phloeosinus thujae it contains no exotic species and no peculiarly northern species. All the above bark beetles except for the two species named are more or less common in Surrey and the South of England generally. As might be expected some of the host trees recorded for certain species are unusual. Thus lilac is not a usual host in Britain for Hylesinus 192 fraxini although it is cited by various authors for that species in Central Europe. The occurrences of Scolytus pruni on cherry laurel-and of Xyleborus sazeseni on Catalpa are also unusual and are due to ae — flora present in the gardens affording a wide range of hos Another feature 2 the list is the small number of pine-dwelling species recorded. This is probably due to the early removal of trees that are not thriving and of all felled stems and broken branches. While this applies to the pine dwellers it is obviously not applicable to the hard-wood dwelling bark beetles, for many elms in particular support a number of Scolytus broods which readily increase under favourable conditions—a phenomenon that deserves to be recognised and studied by all interested in Arboriculture. A further interesting feature of the bark beetle conditions in Kew is the very important part played by the woodpeckers and tits in keeping these insects within bounds. Two species of woodpecker occur, the green and the lesser spotted wood- peckers, and of these the latter accounts for more than half of the bark beetle broods reared. The tits, blue tit, great tit and others, are chiefly enemies of the smaller bark beetles, especially the twig dwelling ss saa 193 DESCRIPTIONS OF FIGURES. The galleries found in the sap-wood and inner bark are as a rule of generic significance. Fig. 1. ee thujae much enlarged. Natural length, Fig. 2. Piet thujae. —Mother gallery long and perpen- dicular, running in both directions from the centre; larval galleries long inclining from the centre towards each end. Fig. 3. Hylisinus fraxini.—The mother gallery is horizontal, Heats in both directions from the centre with long right-angled larval galleries. Fig. 4. Scolytus destructor.—Mother gallery long and perpen- dicular; larval galleries long, close together, inclining from the centre towards each en Fig. 5. Scolytus intricatus—Mother gallery short, horizontal ; larval galleries at right angles, long. Fig. 6. Pityogenes bidentatus——Mother galleries star-shaped (beetles polygamous); larval galleries long, slender and irregular. XXXI.—DIAGNOSES AFRICANAE: LXXVI. 1671. Xylotheca Kotzei, Phillips Tae eae beae]; affinis X. lasiopetalae, Gilg. et X. Kraussianae, Hochst. ; ab hac foliis longioribus coriaceis, nervis alias prominentibus, ab illa foliis longioribus glabris recedit. Frutex ramis glabris in sicco sulcatis. Folka petiolata; lamina lanceolata vel lanceolato-elliptica, nonnunquam breviter acuminata, obtusa, basi leviter angustata, 4-11-5 cm. longa, 1-5-3-3 em. lata, integra, glabra, venatione distincta, costa et hervis subtus prominentibus ; petioli 0-4-1-5 cm. longi, puberuli. Racemi terminales vel axillares, pauciflori mascult : pedicelli 2-8 em. longi, breviter hirsuti. Sepala 3, oblonga, apice rotundata, 1-5 em. longa, 7 mm. lata, extus sparse glandulosa et pubescentia marginum ‘partibus tectis glabris, ciliata. Petala circiter 9, apice rotundata, in basin angustata, 2-2 cm. longa, Superne 1 cm. lata, extus breviter villosa. Stamina numerosa ; filamenta 5 mm. longa; antherae lineares, obtusae, basi sub- Sagittatae, 5-5-6 mm. longae. Flores feminei non visi. Fructus ellipsoideus, 2-2 em. longus, 1-5 em. diametro, unilocularis placentis parietalibus, aliquantum pustulatus, minute pubescens, costis 6 longitudinalibus. Sourn Arrica. Zululand: Empangeni Forest Plantation, P. C. Kotze in National Herbarium, Pretoria, 1478, 1652, and in Herb. Forest Dept. 3537, 3747. Port Durnford Plantation, Prior in National Herbariwm, Pretoria, 1479 (type), and in Her). Forest Dep. 3632. = 18193 B 194 72. Rhinopteryx angustifolia, Sprague [Malpighiaceae- Banisterieae|; ab Rh. spectabili, Niedenzu, unica specie hactenus cognita, ramulis inflorescentiaeque rhachi gracilioribus, foliis anguste oblongo- clergy breviter acuminatis, antheris sub- truncatis, fructu majore differ Arbor parva. Ramuli castanei, exsiccande costulati, mox glabrescentes, 2 dm. infra inflorescentiam 5 mm, diametro: internodia 2-5-5 em. - longa. Folia anguste oblanceolata, apice breviter ‘obese acuminata, versus basin longe angustata, 14-18 em. longa, 3-5-4-5 cm. lata, coriacea, supra juventute molliter pilosa, nervo medio excepto mox glabrata, subtus breviter molliter pilosa vel glabrata, nervo medio et lateralibus necnon rete venularum promientibus; petioli circiter 5 mm longi, supra breviter villosi. Racemus terminalis, sub fructu ad 3-5 dm. longus. Bracteae subulatae, 4-5 mm. longae; bracteolae iis conformes, 2-5-3 mm. longae; pedicelli 1-5-2 cm. longi (sub fructu). Calyx extus basi glandulis 3 circularibus brunneis unilateraliter ornatus; sepala extus breviter brunneo-villosa, difformia; sepalum impar, quod a glandulis maxime remotum est, 5-5 mm. longum, 3-5 mm. latum, subrhomboideum, nempe inferne suboblongum, in basin per 3 mm. leviter angustatum, superne depresso-deltoideum; sepala duo intermedia (nempe interiora et non-glandulifera) elliptica, 5 mm. longa, 3-5 mm. lata; sepala duo glandulifera oblonga, subcuspidata, 4 mm. longa, 2-5-3 mm. lata. Flores albi (McLeod). Petala non visa. Fila- menta 2 mm. longa; antherae 4-4-5 mm. longae, subtruncatae, interdum minute biapiculatae. Mericarpia alis 5-5-6 cm. longis 3—4 cm. latis. Tropica Arrica. Gold Coast: Northern Territory; savan- nah between se and Pabia Lorha, N.C. McLeod in Gold Coast Forest Herb. An piece addition to the genus Rhinopteryx, which has hitherto been supposed to be monotypic. The type-species Eh. spectabilis, Niedenzu, is a native of the Gambia Protectorate, and has obovate-oblong or elliptic leaves, up to 8 cm. broad, strongly apiculate anthers and smaller fruits. 1673. Dialium Simii, Phillips {Leguminosae-Cassieae] ; inter species africanas foliolis ovato-lanceolatis breviter acu- minatis emarginatis, petalis et staminibus 5, fructibus complanatis dense papilloso-glandulosis valde distincta. Arbor 6-10 m. alta. Folia 7-9 cm. longa; foliola 3-5-6 cm. longa, 0-8-2-5 cm. lata, lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata, breviter acuminata, apice emarginata, Ty infra costis prominentibus. Inflorescentia diffusa. Sepala 5, 4-5-5-5 mm. longa, 2-5 mm. lata, oblonga, apice obtusa, ubescentia, Petala 5, 2 mm. longa, elliptica, basi unguiculata. Stamina 5; filamenta 1°5 mm. longa; antherae 2-5-3 mm. longae, ovato-lineares, breviter hispidae. Ovarium setosum; stylus 2-3 mm. longus; stigma 195 discoideum. Fructus complanatus, late ellipticus, 2-5 em. longus 1-5-1-8 cm. latus, dense papilloso-glandulosus. Tropica Africa. Rhodesia: near Railway Station. Victoria Falls; a tree 20-30 ft. high, evergreen, with flowers and fruits both present, July 1920, 7. R. Sim 19004; F. A. Rogers 5307 jHerb. Kewl. Sim’s specimen was submitted to the Director of Kew who reported on it as follows :—‘‘ We find it matches fruiting specimens from the same spot, these were placed in Dialium. The fruit and basifixed anthers agree with those of this genus. You will note that both petals and stamens of your specimen number 5, while the generic description of Dialium gives “ petals 1-2 or 0; stamens 2.” The latter state is, however, obviously one of reduction, and as it can be linked with the perfect condition of your specimen by such a species of D. Englerianum, Henriques (Bol. Soc. Brot. 1899, 48):which has ‘ petals 4, stamens 4-5,” we should advocate the placing of Sim 19004 into Dialium, note being made of the extension of generic characters involved.”’ 1674. Brunia albiflora, Phillips [Bruniaceae]; species foliis linearibus laxe pilosis 1 em. longis capitulis corymbosis floribus albis distincta. a Rami juniores villosi. Folia conferta, ascendentia, linearia, obtuse nigro-mucronata, 1-2-1-4 cm. longa, 0-5-1 mm. lata, supra plana et canaliculata, infra convexa, junioribus pilosis demum glabris. Capitula alba, terminalia, corymbosa, sphaerica ; pedunculi 3 cm. longi, pilosi, bracteis linearibus carinatis rubro- brunneis, dense induti; axis inflorescentiae clavata, 8 mm. longa. mm. crassa. Bracteae lineari-spathulatae, basi angustatae, apiculatae, 5 mm. longae, 1 mm. latae, virides, extra dense villosae. Sepala linearia, apiculata, 3-5 mm. longa, villosa. Petala linearia, obtusa, basi angustata, 5-5 mm. longa, superne 1 mm. lata. Filamenta 4 mm. longa, linearia, glabra; antherae 1 mm. longae, lineares. Ovarium semi-inferum, 1-5 mm. longum, 0-75 mm. diametro, glabrum, 2-loculare, Joculis l-ovulatis ; styli 2, basi liberi, teretes, 4-5 mm. longi; stigma simplex. SouTH _ Caledon Division: Hottentots Holland Mountains, Apr. 1922, 7’. P. Stokoe in S. Afr. Nat. Herb. 1669. conferta, circiter 3 cm. diametro; pedunculi 2-3 em. longi, 5-7 mm. cr assi, bracteis gis 1 mm, latis infra inati is i i i ga, 7-9 mm. crassa carinatis glabris induti; axis 1-2-1-5 cm. longa, 7— _, ovoidea; bracteae obovato-spathulatae, subpoena tee sy mucronatae, 7 mm. longae, superne fere angulo recto curv ; Be 196 dorso in parte media dense villosae. Sepala 4, anguste linearia vel oblanceolata, 4-5 mm. longa, extra dense villosa. Petala triloba, linearia, 5-5 mm. longa, 0-75 mm. lata. Filamenta 5 mm. longa, teretia; antherae lineares, 1-25 mm. longae. Ovariwm 2 mm. longum, 1 mm. diametro, ellipsoideum, superne dense villosum, 2-loculare, ovulis solitariis pendulis; styli 1-2, 4 mm: longi, teretes, a basi liberi, stigmate simplici. Fructus immaturi 3-5 mm. longi, 1-5 mm. diametro, ellipsoidei. South Arrica. Caledon Division: Hottentots Holland Mountains, a Hang Klip, April 1922, 7. P. Stokoe in S. Afr. Nat. Herb. 1676. aan Dawei, Hutchinson {Rubiaceae-Mussaen- deae]; affinis M. angolensi, Wernham, sed nervis lateralibus numerosioribus, pedunculis multo longioribus corollae pilis omnibus ascendentibus, calycis lobo petaloideo multo majore— differt. Frutex speciosus; rami laxe foliati, teretes, brunnei, rufo- hispido-pubescentes, internodiis 2-5-3-5 em. longis. Folia late elliptica, breviter acuminata, basi brevissime cuneata, 9-14 cm. longa, 5-6 cm. lata, chartacea, integra, utrinque sparse hispida ; _ costa supra dense hispida, infra prominens et setulosa et minute puberula; nervi laterales utrinsecus 15-16, infra conspicui, a costa sub angulo 65° abeuntes; petioli 1 cm. longi, rufo-pube- scentes; stipulae parvae, triangulares, dense villosae. Cymae terminales, laxiflorae; cymulae pedunculatae, circiter 9-florae, pedunculis circiter 3 cm. longis rufo-hirsutis. Flores subsessiles. Receptaculum oblongo-obconicum, dense tomentosum. Calycis dentes triangulares, 1-75 mm. longi, tomentosi, uno magno petaloideo ovato-orbiculari breviter acute acuminato albo circiter 8 cm. longo et 6-5-9 em. lato. Corolla 3-5-4 em. longa; tubus suber indicicns. utrinque dense rufo-tomentosus, superne circiter 2-5 mm. diametro; lobi 5, ovati, acute acuminati, 6 mm. longi, 3-5 mm. lati, intra strigilloso-pubescentes. Fructus non visus. TROPICAL AFRICA. Angola: Portuguese Congo; handsome shrub on the so He the Quissanga Islands, Lower Congo River, 1921, M. T. Dawe 1677. nactee termedia, Hutchinson et Phillips [Com- i iiley paler ions affinis P. onobromoidi, DC., et P. punc- tatae, Phillips, ab illa foliis et capitulis multo minoribus, ab hac foliis altebiis ramulis glabris differt Frutex circiter 30 em. altus ; rami breves, glabri. Folia alterna, carnosa, lineari-oblonga, apice rotundata, 0-4-1 em. longa, 1-5-2 mm. lata, breviter setuloso-ciliata, glabra. Capitula solitaria, terminalia, plus minusve urceolata, circiter 1-5 cm. longa, fere 1 cm. diametro, circiter 30-flora. Involucri bracteae 5--6-seriatae, superne incrassatae, marginibus anguste lacerato- membranaceis, exterioribus oblongo- -ellipticis apice rotundatis mm. longis 5°5 mm. latis, interioribus 1-1-2 em. longis, 3 mm. latis obtusis. Receptaculum 5 mm. diametro, foveolatum. Corollae tubus 7 mm. longus, superne leviter ampliatus, lobis 197 3 mm. longis 1-25 mm. latis lanceolatis subobtusis. Antherae South Arrica. Flats near the Matjesfontein-Sutherland Road, and on the slopes of Ngaap Kop at Matjesfontein, shrub 1 ft. high with yellow flowers, Oct.Nov., 1921, W. J. Foley, in S. Afr. Nat. Herb. 1517. Duplicate in Herb. Kew. 1678. Brachystelma floribundum, “Y'urrill [{Asclepiadaceae- Ceropegieae]; affinis B. lineari, A. Rich., sed tubere multo majore, foliis longioribus et latioribus, floribus numerosioribus majoribus, coronae segmentis trilobatis lobis linearibus facile distinguitur. Tuber ambitu orbiculare, 1-15 dm. diametro, 2-7 cm. crassum, leviter depresso-concavum, laeve, pallide stramineum. Caules 9 mm. lata, costa nervisque in pagina superiore leviter impressis, in pagina inferiore prominentibus, nervis lateralibus marginem versus anastomosantibus; duobus i is rgini_ fere parallelis, supra glabra, infra ad costam puberula, margine et marginem versus pilis brevibus a basibus bulbosis purpureis orientibus instructa. Flores usque ad 12, ad nodos sublaterales, horizontales; pedicelli 1-2-1-5 cm. longi, puberuli. Sepala lanceolata, acuta, 4 mm. longa, basi 1-5 mm. lata, puberula. Corollae tubus late breviterque campanulatus, 7 mm. longus, 1 cm. diametro, extra pallide viridis maculis purpureis parvis instructus, intus pallide viridis lineis transversis et maculis purpureis instructus; lobi lineares e basibus triangularibus 2-8 cm. longae, patentes, supra nigro-purpurel, glaberrimi ; plicae 5, 1 mm. longae, inter corollae lobis positae. — Coronae seg- menta 5, late ovata, purpureo-maculata, apice trilobata, lobis linearibus duobus lateralibus 1-7 mm. longis dense puberulis arcuato-erectis, lobo medio antherifero glabro incumbente; pollinia 0-5 mm. longa. Carpella cylindrica, 2 mm. longa, Viridia, purpureo-maculata; styli apex discoideus, leviter con- vexus. : Tropica, Arrica. Rhodesia: grown in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, from a tuber received from Mr. A. Hislop, Rhodesia, and described from the living plant, in flower 27.6.1922. 1679. Brachystelma lanceolatum, T'urrill [Asclepiadaceae— Ceropegieae] ; ar bes B. Johnstonii, N.E. Br., sed foliis lanceolatis, corollae lobis minus dense albo-villosis differt. = Planta perennis, caule solitario e centro tuberis oriente. Tuber disciforme, apice impressum, 3-5 cm. diametro, cinereum, 18 rum. Caulis simplex, 1-5 dm. altus, teres, puberulus. ola lanceolata, apice acuta, basi in petiolum circiter 0-5 cm. seem gradatim angustata, usque ad 6-5 cm. longa (petiolo excluso) e 1-1 cm. lata, costa in pagina superiore impressa, in Interlore ad minente, nervis lateralibus pagina utraque Inconspiculs, glabra 1 vel fere glabra. Flores circiter 7, in caulis apicem conferti, 198 sessiles. Corolla fere 11 cm. diametro, lobis 5 cm. longis bas i latis in caudas lineari-filiformes gradatim attenuatis extra glabris viridibus intus albo-villosis viridibus basi ag sce maculatis, reticulatis, tubo campanulato 5 mm. longo 4 m diametro extra glabro purpureo intus fauce purpureo- ieee: Corona cupularis, viridis, dentibus 10 intus ad apicem nea retrorsum barbatis praedita, et quinquelobata, lobis 1-25 m longis lineari-oblongis apice rotundatis incumbentibus TropicaL ArricA. Uganda: grown in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, from a tuber received from Entebbe, and described from the living plant, in flower 6.6.1919. 1680. Mimetes Stokoei, Phillips et Hutchinson {Proteaceae- Proteeae;] M. sazxatili, Phillips, affinis, sed perianthii lobis villosis et stigmatibus multo majoribus differt. Rami. villosi, densissime foliati. Folia ovata vel ovato- elliptica 6-6-5 cm. longa, 3-3-5 cm. lata, apice inaequaliter 3-dentata, raro integra, basi piloso-villosa, utrinque pilis sericeis appressis dense induta. Capitula sessilia 7 em. longa, 10—12-flora, ad apices ramorum dense conferta. Involucri bracteae 3—4-seriatae, ovatae, oblongae vel lineares, obtusae, 1-3-2 cm. longae, 4-9 mm. latae, supra villosae, ciliatae. Perianthii lobi 4 cm. longi, basi lati, villosi; limbus 9 mm. longus, linearis, villosus. Antherae 5 mm. longae, lineares, apice glandulis 0-5 mm. longis ovatis subobtusis instructae. Squamae hypogynae 2 mm. longae, lineares. Ovarium 1 mm. longum, villosum; stylus 5-5 em. longus, flavus, glaber; stigma 3 mm. longum, nigrum, apice ovoideo-globosum, rostratum, glabrum, basi paullo verrucosum. Sourn Arrica. Caledon Division: Hottentots Holland Mountains; near Hangklip, Feb. ee T. P. Stokoe in.S. Afr. Nat. Herb. 1642. An exceptionally handsome species; in the living plant the styles are bright yellow and stigmas black; the leaves are very erect and hide the branches. XXXII.—_MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. Mayor T. F. Cuter, M.C., B.Sc., Deputy Conservator of Forests, Gold Coast, since 1921, and formerly Assistant Director of the Botanic Gardens, Singapore (K. B. 1914, 227), has been appointed Assistant Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (See also K.B. 1909, 424; 1910, 132). Mr. M. T. Dawes, F.L.S., has been appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies, on the recommendation of Kew, Commissioner of Lands and Forests, Sierra Leone. (See also K.B. 1902, 24; 1911, 65; 1915, 306.) 199 Mr. L. Lewron Bratn.—We learn with regret that Mr. L. Lewton Brain died at Kuala Lampur on June 24th of heart failure after an attack of malaria. Mr. Lewton Brain was educated at St. John’s College, Cambridge, and was subsequently appointed Junior Demonstrator of Botany in the University. In 1903 he was appointed Mycologist and Lecturer in Agriculture to the Imperial Department of Agriculture for the West Indies (K.B. 1903, 30), and later held the post of Assistant Director in the Division of Physiology and Pathology in the experiment station of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association. When the post of Director of Agriculture in the Federated Malay States fell vacant in 1910, Mr. Lewton Brain was appointed to fill the position (K.B. 1910, 253), and on the abolition of this post last year he was appointed Technical Adviser in Agriculture to the Govern- ment of the Federated Malay States (K.B. 1922, 94). During the eleven years of his tenure of the Directorship the Agricultural Department of the Federated Malay States has been reorganised and greatly strengthened and is now one of the best equipped Agricultural Departments in the Colonies. The Chinese Form of Cornus Kousa.—The Chinese form of this cornel, which was introduced from Western China in 1907, has flowered very beautifully this year at Kew and promises to be one of the best and most attractive of the new shrubs from that country. The species has, of course, long been known in gardens, but previous to the introduction of the Chinese plants, all those in cultivation were of Japanese origin. The floral beauty of Cornus Kousa is due solely to its bracts, of which four subtend the true flowers—small and inconspicuous—clustered in a head 3 inch wide. The bracts are ovate-lanceolate, slender- pointed, and in the Chinese plants the largest of them are 2 to 3 inches long and 1 to 14 inches wide, creamy white, suf with pink before they fade. On the Japanese plants previously in cultivation the floral bracts are eet and capes ee judging by specimens preserved in the Herbarium at Kew the e retoety i: exist gies forms of this species with bracts as large as those of Wilson’s plants, although they have not been introduced. The garden value of the species 1s enhanced by the length of time the bracts remain in good condition; this year, in spite of the heat and drought in May and early June they were in beauty five or six weeks. Mr. Wilson found it as a shrub and as a small tree varying from 15 to 30 feet in height. It can be increased by cuttings, and in favourable seasons good seed no doubt will ripen. A figure of a Japanese form of Cornus Kousa appeared in the Kew Bulletin for 1915, page 17 Jf +e The Big Tree of Tule.—Unless the comparatively few regions of the globe as yet botanically unexplored have some unsuspected 200 wonders to reveal in the way of ancient trees, it is not likely that any tree, or indeed any living organism exists that is older than the Big Tree of Tule. This tree is a near relative of Taxodium distichum, the we own “Deciduous” or “Swamp” Cypress of the Southern United States. It is known to botanists as T'axodium mucronatum, Tenore, and is a native of Mexico, where it is widely spread. The Big Tree of Tule grows in the churchyard of Santa Maria de Tule, which is about 18 miles south-east of Oaxaca and 250 miles from the City of Mexico. Its height is about 150 feet and the diameter of the trunk 50 feet ; therefore, although of much shorter stature than the Sequoias or Mammoth trees of California, its trunk is considerably wider than that of the largest of them. There seems to be little doubt, too, that it is considerably older. though a calculation of the age of such a tree as this must be largely conjectural, there are data on which an estimate can be based. On other and younger trees of T’axodium mucronatum the annual rings have been counted and found to number about two hundred in a section twelve inches wide. The annual rings on young trees are normally thicker than on very old ones of the same species. It seems safe, therefore, in the case of the Taxodium of Tule, with its diameter of 50 feet (that is 25 feet from centre to circumference), to calculate its annual rings at 200 to the foot and to put its age at 5000 years. In spite of its age it appears to be still in perfect health. Mr. C. J. Chamberlain of the University of Chicago, who gives an interesting account of this tree in “School Science and Mathematics,’ Nov. 1921, states that in 1908, when he saw it, there was not a dead twig in sight. He goes on to say :—‘ Resting under the shade of the Big Tree and remembering its great age, one can hardly avoid thinking of events which have occurred during its lifetime. Before the Pyramids of Egypt were built it was a sturdy tree; and before Moses led the children of Israel out of the wilderness, it must have reached the usual size of the species; when Rome was founded, it must have been known as a big tree; in the days of King Arthur and his table round, its reputation as a giant among its kind must have been established; and ever since there have been Mexican traditions, Indians have made pious pilgrimages to the Big Tree of Tule. It must have been a familiar object to the pre-historic men who built the Pyramids on the nearby Monte Alban, and who erected the wonderful buildings now known as the Ruins of Mitla.”’ Taxodium mucronatum is represented at Kew at present by three trees, one of which is in the Temperate House, a second is growing at the edge of the Water-lily pond, and the third on the margin of the Lake. These trees were presented by Mr. H. J. Elwes in 1908 and are now 7 feet to 9 feet high. Although they grow slowly they are quite healthy and the two planted out-of- doors have not suffered very much through winter cold as yet. In habit and foliage they strongly resemble 7’. distichum but at 201 Kew retain some of their leaves, whilst 7’. distichum is quite deciduous. In Mexico, 7’. mucronatum is evergreen. There are two good photographs of the tree at Tule in Museum No. IIL, taken in 1898 and presented to Kew two years later by the late Hon. Charles Ellis. W. deB. Hooker’s Icones Plantarum.—Since the last note on “‘ Hooker’s Icones Plantarum ” appeared in the Kew Bulletin, 1913, p. 280, a complete volume (vol. xxxi= vol. i of the fifth series), containing plates 3001 to 3100, has been published, as well as a general index to volumes i-xxx, which was issued in 1919. In the first part, published in January 1915, there are plates with descriptive text of plants belonging to 19 families. Pareugenia (t. 3004) is a new genus of Myrtaceae from the Fiji Islands. It is nearest allied to the section Syzygium of Eugenia. Antherothamnus (t. 3007) is a new monotypic genus of Scro- phulariaceae, allied to Freylinia. A. Pearsonii, discovered by the late Prof. H. H. W. Pearson in South-West Africa, is described by him as “ a charming shrub with flowers delightfully - scented at night.” Five plates are given to the Euphoriaceae. Plectaneia elastica (t. 3024) a climbing shrub belonging to the Apocynaceae, and native of Madagascar, is said to yield a rubber of good quality. Part 2, published in August 1915, contains figures and descriptions of representatives of 16 families. Five South African species of Thesium are included. The Leguminosae are repre- sented by one species each of Leptoderris, Millettia and Loncho- carpus. Leptoderris brachyptera (t. 3028), from Senegambia and Angola, has “fragrant pink flowers produced so copiously in . the dense forests of Cungulungulo (Angola) as to hide completely the tree on which the creeper grows.” Homozeugos (t. 3033) is a new genus of Gramineae belonging to the tribe Andropogoneae of which two species, both Angolan, are known. Three species of Meconopsis are figured. M. venusta (t. 3036), collected by Mr. George Forrest in Yunnan, has deep red-purple flowers, and appears to be a particularly attractive plant. Part 3, which appeared in June 1916, contains representatives of 14 families. Three species of Compositae are ! d Pappobolus macranthus (t. 3057) is the only known species of a new genus of Compositae (tribe Helianthoideae) from Bolivia. Neowollastonia (t. 3060) is a new genus of Apocynaceae allied to Ervatamia. The only species (N. tabernaemontanoides) is a native of New Guinea. The Asclepiadaceae are represented by the new genus Dalzielia of which the single species (D. oblanceolata) is from Sierra Leone. A figure of a new genus of Zingiberaceae (Eriolopha), from New Guinea, occurs on t. 3067.. Plates est to 3075 are given to grasses, among them being three new genera : Chloachne, Uranthoecium and Danthoniopsis. Ae Part 4, completing the volume, was issued at the end o ‘ June. It consists entirely of plates of grasses, with text by 202 Dr. Stapf. These grasses with few exceptions are Tropical African species which Dr. Stapf had investigated in the course of his elaboration of the family for the “Flora of Tropical Africa” and descriptions of which have appeared in volume ix of that work. Two new genera are published: Diheteropogon (t. 3093) and Odyssea (t. 3100). Diheteropogon was treated by Hackel as a section of Andropogon, and Odyssea is nearest allied to Diplachne. Se Ack: The Useful Plants of Nigeria.—With the publication of Kew Bulletin, Additional Series [X, Part IV, Mr. Holland’s compilation of “'The Useful Plants of Nigeria, ” is brought to a close. The first Part published in 1908, and of which a notice was given in K.B., 1909, p. 427, gave a general introduction to the subject and detailed information of the plants comprised in the Natural Families Ranunculacae to Anacardiaceae. The second part, published in 1911, continued with the Anacardiaceae and con- cluded with the Araliaceae, The third Part, published in 1915, dealt with the Natural Familes Rubiaceae to Labiatae, whilst the present Part concludes the Dicotyledons, and covers the Monocotyledons, Filices, and Fungi. As an appendix to the last Part a list of books and papers dealing with West African subjects is given, and there is a complete index to all four Parts. With the fourth Part is bound an Introduction and Preface. In the Introduction Sir David Prain, under whose auspices the work was planned and carried through so successfully, gives the reasons which called for this publication. The Flora of Tropical Africa “which has occupied much of the attention of the Herbarium Staff at Kew for more than half a century, and the completion of which at last appears in sight,” provides a floristic © study. In West Africa no attempt had hitherto been made at an economic survey of the vegetation and it was to supply this | much-needed want that the present work was undertaken in the Museums at Kew. Mr. Holland’s Nigerian service has rendered him eminently suitable for this task, and although the work is primarily intended to cover Nigerian plants, it will be found equally useful for all West African countries olland in a brief Preface outlines the scheme followed “The Useful Plants of Nigeria,” to which he has devoted the sneaker part of his non-official work for the past sixteen years. The Parts have gradually increased in size, but it is chiefly the present greatly enhanced cost of production that has necessitated the very high price of the last Part. The published prices of the Parts are :—No. I, 2s.; No. II, 2s. 6d.; No. III, 3s. 6d.; No. IV, 1l.; or the complete volume, Il. 8s. T. FE. & Plants.— Mr. M. T. Dawe, whilst on an official mission in the Gambia Colony on behalf of the Colonial Office early in 203 1921, made a collection of dried plants, a list of which has just been published.* The specimens were determined at the Herbarium of the and native names. As the indigenous flora of the Gambian hinterland is not particularly well known, it is hoped that Mr. Dawe’s wish will be realised that his collections should be added to by officials and others who travel in the colony, particularly with respect to the native names and uses of the plants. Babington’s Manual of British Botany.;—The appearance of a new edition of this well known work is a matter of some importance to all interested in the British flora. The chief impression gained by an examination of the work as now re-issued is that the present editor has been seriously handicapped by limitations placed on him by those whose desires he had perforce to respect. It is a matter of considerable regret that the whole work could not have been re-written for this edition and especially that the matter contained in Appendix II. could not have been incorporated in the body of the work. Appendix II. is undoubtedly the most valuable and interesting part of the present edition. In it Mr. Wilmott has brought together many of the recent results of the continued critical examination of British plants. Much has evidently been accomplished since the last edition of the Manual was published. Amongst other studies those of Pugsley on Fumaria, of Gregory and Drabble on Viola, of Lindberg and Salmon on Alchemilla, of Moss on Salicornia and Ulmus, of Druce on Orchis and other genera, are included in a summarised form. The Preface is dated 24th April 1922, but it would appear, from internal evidence, that at least the name changes in the body of the book were made, irrevocably for this edition, several years ago. On the other hand, quite recent discoveries are recorded in Appendix II., though complaints about omissions will no doubt reach the Editor. The convenient size of the new edition will appeal to field- workers, but the paper and binding will not withstand the long continuous wear to which a field reference book has of necessity to be subjected. W. B. T. alte mi * List of Plants collected in the gg * Pa M. T. Dawe, F.L.S., F.R.G.S., 1l pp. Bathurst: Gov. Printer, A ; n ‘Of British Botany, by Charles Cardale rates ali ac Edition, edited by A. J. Wilmott, B.A., F.L.S. Gurney and Jackson, 33, Paternoster Row, London, E.C., 1922. Price 16s. net. 204 Presentation of Mr. William Hancock’s Herbarium. — Mr. W. Hancock, F.L.S., the well-known collector of Chinese plants and for many years a regular correspondent of Kew, was born at Lurgan in Ulster in 1847. His taste for botany dates from his childhood when he was taught by his mother how to know, collect and preserve the wild flowers of Northern Ireland. He was sent fortunately to a private school at Lancaster where botanical study was encouraged. After further education at Queen’s College, Belfast, and a short period of business experience in that town, he obtained an introduction to Sir Robert Hart and went out to China as a member of his staff in the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs. his appointment gave him ample opportunity in his spare time to pursue his chosen hobby. He originally got help as to the naming of his collections from Hance of Canton, and from Maximowicz of St. Petersburg, but soon became acquainted with Sir Joseph Hooker, then Director of Kew. : Impressed by Hancock’s keenness and by his excellent preparation of specimens, Sir Joseph encouraged him to succession of packets of plants arrived at Kew containing sets of all that he collected. His chief fields were, of course, China and Formosa, but in his periods of leave he also visited Japan, Java, Sumatra and later Central America and the West Indies. All this time Hancock was amassing a large private herbarium, and as it was labelled throughout with numbers corresponding with Kew determinations, it was one of considerable value. When he retired from the Chinese Imperial Service he settled with his sister at Bristol, where he died in 1914. large number of new flowering plants and ferns discovered by Hancock were named after him, and a new genus of orchi Hancockia, Rolfe, was published in 1903. In accordance with his wishes his whole herbarium of about 10,000 specimens was after his death placed by Miss Hancock at the disposal of Kew, with the condition that the part not required is _ Kew Herbarium should be given to the University of ristol. bnormal Pine Stems.—A short time ago Mr. J. S. Gamble directed attention to the abnormal development of young pine trees in his plantations at Highfield, East Liss, Hants. The trees — had normal trunks for a distance of several feet above the ground, they then suddenly became bent at right angles with the trunk, extending outwards for a distance of 5-7 inches, then by means of a curve and another sharp turn regained approximately the original vertical plane 12 inches or so above the lower bend. e condition is common in some parts of the country and follows an injury to the young leading shoot. The injury may be due to a variety of causes, but frequently follows an attack by 205 the “Pine-shoot Tortrix Moth” (Retinia buoliana, Schiff.). The female deposits an egg at the extreme point of a shoot, near the base of the terminal bud, in July. A caterpillar appears in the course of a few weeks and gnaws a small wound at the base of the bud. This causes a flow of resin in which the caterpillar passes the winter. When growth begins in spring the caterpillar bores into the shoot and eats its way upwards along the pith. In many cases the leading shoot is killed. This results in the upward growth of a whorl of side branches, and eventually several leaders, all appearing at a sharp angle with the main stem. But at other times the leading shoot is less seriously injured, probably through some tragedy overtaking the caterpillar. It is so weakened, however, that it cannot maintain an erect position and bends over sometimes at right angles with the trunk and sometimes lower still. In the case of very considerable weakening the shoot may eventually break off by reason of its own weight but in other instances, once the caterpillar disappears, the natural vigour of the tree enables it to set about repairing the injury. The wound heals and the point of the shoot turns up- wards. Instead, however, of turning upwards at right angles in a new vertical plane it takes a distinct curve until it is approxi- mately over the centre of the lower part of the trunk, then by a sharp turn quickly assumes a vertical position. This all occurs in the course of a few weeks and probably passes unnoticed. The curve, however, develops with the growth of the tree and becomes very noticeable a few years later. As time goes on there is a distinct tendency for deformed trunks to straighten, for growth is much more rapid on the inside than on the outside of a curve. Numerous deformed trunks are doubtless removed in the course of thinning, but some probably remain until the crop is mature and this may be one of the reasons for irregularities of structure that are sometimes found in planks. It has been suggested that the curve in the trunk is due to the removal of the natural leader and by a side branch turning upwards to take its place. There is, however, plenty of evidence to prove that in healthy young pines which lose their leaders, there is a distinct tendency for not one but a number of side branches to upwards at a sharp angle and in some cases it becomes necessary to thin them out in order to preserve a single trunk. Moreover, the curve often occurs midway along the annual growth, a point at which it would be very unlikely that a side shoot would appear. In order to make sure that there had been no interruption in the original leading shoot of the specimens 1n question, a longitudinal section was cut through a curved t from a point six inches below the curve to a similar distance above. The pith was then traced and found to be continuous, but at the lower bend it had been injured to some extent. whorl of branches occurred at the lower bend and the next whorl was immediately above the higher bend. The lower part of the trunk had 14 annual rings and the upper part 12 annual rings. 206 The accompanying photographs show the outer and inner surfaces of one of the sections. Fig. 1. External view of a curved stem of Pinus sylvestris. Fig. 2. Internal view of the same stem A single attack by this moth is ‘arsitle of causing considerable injury to a tree and repeated attacks effectually prevent normal development, the head assuming a bushy, stunted character. Several such trees are to be seen at Kew, notably Pinus muricata. Many species of Pinus are attacked, even those introduced recently from China. The five-leaved pines, however, appear to be less susceptible to attack than the two- and three-leaved kinds. From Mr. Gamble we have received injured trunks of P. sylvestris, P. Pinaster, P. radiata, and P. montana var. An illustration of a curved pine stem following an attack by Retinia buoliana is given by A. Barbey in Traité d’Entomologie Forestiére (1913), p. 235. An article on the injury to young woods by this moth, written by Mr. W. P. Greenfield, appeared in the Quarterly J ournal of Forestry for January, 1914, pp. 25-30. W. D. 207 The Royal Botanic Gardens, Ceylon.—To mark the centenary of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, which falls this year, a brochure tracing its history and illustrating the many-sided activities of the Institution has been published as the joint work of Mr. Stockdale, Director of Agriculture, Mr. Petch, Botanist and Mycologist, and Mr. Macmillan, Superintendent of Botanic Gardens. The review is grouped under six sections, the first three dealing chiefly with the history and development of the Gardens and its various branches, the last three summarising the botanical and agricultural work carried out. In the first section, which is headed “ History,’ it is recorded that the Royal Botanic Gardens, Ceylon, like other well-known tropical stations, was not originally established on the site where it is found to-day. The dates of founding the first garden are suggested as 1810, 1811, and 1812, the latter date being the one most favoured. The site too is a matter for conjecture and there were probably two stations, Caltura Garden and the Garden at Colombo until in 1821 when a site, selected by Alexander Moon at Peradeniya, was finally approved and the Botanic Garden instituted there in 1822, where it now covers an area of 147 acres. During the first period attention was chiefly devoted to growing coffee and vegetables, the actual development of the Gardens being considered to date from the appointment of George Gardner in 1844. ‘‘ Landscape Development and Accli- matisation ”’ is dealt with in the second section, where the gradual evolution of the Garden is traced and a record of the construction of the principal features given. The main outline of the Garden was traced by Thwaites who was in charge first as Superintendent and later as the first Director from 1849 to 1880, and this work was completed by Trimen, the second Director, from 1880-1896. The third section deals with the “ Establishment of Branch Gardens.’ In all five branch gardens have been established in different climatic zones of Ceylon, but only two—Hakgala and Henaratgoda—are still retained under the Department. Henarat- goda Garden has the distinction of having been opened for the accommodation of the then recently introduced rubber plant: from South America, and the original plantation of Hevea brasiliensis is still to be seen there. A brief account of the various attempts to introduce plants raised at Kew from South American seed is given, and the success that attended a consign- ment of nearly 2000 seedlings which had been raised at Kew and sent to Ceylon in 1876 marked the establishment of Para rubber in the East. The section dealing with “ Botanical Research” is perhaps the most interesting. Many well-known names are here recorded with reference to work carried out at Peradeniya. noteworthy feature of the early period of Ceylon botany was innaeus’ work published in 1747 as the Flora Zeylanica, 208 which constitutes one of the earliest floras based on the Linnean system and written by Linnaeus him This was followed later by Thwaites’ work and Trimen’s “” Handbook of the Flora of Ceylon,’ which enabled Ceylon to possess at the close of the last century a more complete know- ledge of its flora than any other tropical country. Later workers were able to avail themselves of the laboratory and quarters specially constructed for the use of visitors, amongst whom are many names well known in the botanical world The section on ‘‘ Economic Botany and Agriculture ”’ treats with the experiments of such economic crops as coffee, which as an industry was ruined by Hemileia in 1880—cinchona, cocoa, tea, rubber, spices, camphor, and most recently sisal and oil alm. The success attendant on the introduction and acclimatisa- tion of these plants as established in Ceylon is traced individually. The last section deals with the latest phase in the development of a Department of Agriculture from the original Botanic Gardens, and concludes with a complete list of Staff Officers associated with Peradeniya since its commencement. The history of the development of the Gardens traced in this interesting review gives an excellent idea of the establishment and shows clearly the value of a Botanic Garden. This record of one of the Empire’s most famous Botanic Gardens may well be summed up in the concluding words of the authors, ‘‘ Paradeniya may look _ to its past with pride and forward to its future with confiden en Se Printed under the authority of His Masesty’s STATIONERY OFFICE By Eyre and gengrse oode, Ltd., East Harding cinbing E.C, 4, Printers to the King’ 3 most Excellent Majest [Crown Copyright Reserved.] ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW. BULLETIN MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION, No. 7] [1922 XXXIII.—A REVISION OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN SPECIES OF DIANTHUS. J. Burrr Davy, The genus Dianthus, as represented in South Africa, has long been a source of trouble to systematists. The characters on which we have to depend for specific delimitation are less amenable to precise definition than is the case in many other genera. To indicate the difficulty which has been experienced by authors in dealing with them, it may be pointed out that at least ten names have been assigned by botanists at various times to specimens of what is obviously one and the same species, seven of the ten being due to wrong identification with the descriptions of other species, while on the other hand the name Dianthus scaber, Thunb., has been assigned at various times to specimens of twelve distinct species, owing to a misconception of the species described by Thunberg. | he only effective way to clear up this confusion was to ascertain precisely what plants Thunberg had in mind when he described his four South African Dianthi. By the courtesy of Professor Juel of Upsala (through the Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) I have now had the opportunity to study these Thunberg types, and I wish to record my great indebtedness to him for this valuable assistance. Three of the Thunberg sheets have been matched with material at Kew and the British Museum. But the Thunberg sheet of D. incurvus does not agree with any South African material available, nor with his description, and I can only conclude that it is not the type on which the original description was based. I consulted Professor Juel on this point during his recent visit to England; he has kindly looked into the matter since his return to Sweden and has furnished the following note, dated Botaniska Institutionen, Upsala, July 12, 1922 :—‘ As mentioned in ‘Plantae Thunbergianae’ (p. 15), Thunberg published & A @® (78)183856 Wt 122—P3 1000 9/22 E&S 210 catalogue of his herbarium, which appeared in 61 different parts between 1791 and 1827. The main list of the herbarium was published in 1791-1797, and the part treating with the class Decandria is of the year 1793. This part enumerates only three of his Dianthi from the Cape (crenatus, cespitosus, scaber). It is only in an Appendix of the year 1806 that we find Dianthus albens. The name D. incurvus is to be found nowhere in his catalogues. : “These facts are corroborated by consulting his manuscript catalogue, which essentially corresponds to his printed catalogue of 1791-97, and in which Thunberg has added in the margin the species enumerated in his Appendix of 1806 mentioned above. Here the name “ albens”’ the margin. ‘From these facts it seems probable that Thunberg at the time of his Prodromus disposed of no specimen identified by him with D. incurvus. The description in the Prodromus might have been made in S. Africa. But later he seems to have found is to be found among the species in fore wrote ‘“‘ Dianthus albens, Wild.” and added as a synonym * D. incurvus, Prod. cap.” In the Flora Capensis, Sonder recognised nine species of Dianthus. Of these D. incurvus, Thunb., and D. holopetalus, | Turez., prove inseparable, as also do D. prostratus, Jacq., and D. pectinatus, E. Mey., thus leaving seven valid species in the Flora Capensis. To these must be added :-— D. micropetalus, Ser. (1824), placed by Sonder under D. scaber, hunb unb. D. Burchellu, Ser. (1824), placed by Sonder under D. incurvus, Thunb. ~ D. namaensis, Schinz (1897). D. mootensis, Williams (1889). In the present paper six additional species and three varieties are described for the first time, bringing the total number of South African Dianthi up to seventeen species and three varieties. The rich material now available at Kew, shows that the simple or branched habit of the flowering-stem, used by Sonder to group the South African forms, cannot be relied upon, even as a specific character, many individuals bearing both simple and branched fiowering stems. Much of the difficulty experienced by authors in placing some of the material with certainty, has been due to poor preparation by collectors. In this genus the cutting of the petal margins is of some diagnostic value, yet many specimens have been dried in such a way that this character cannot be distinguished. The relat- ive size of the basal and intermediate cauline leaves, the relative 211 length of the internodes on the barren shoots, and the character of the perennial vegetative stem, are also of importance for correct classification. It is hoped that future collectors of GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION, Dianthus is a typically Northern Hemisphere genus, not being known (except as introduced) in South America, Australia or New Zealand. Therefore the occurrence of seventeen species in South Africa, is of peculiar interest. All of these are strictly endemic, as far as known, though some of the Transvaal species may be expected to occur in Southern Rhodesia. Four species (D. Pearsonii, D. kamisbergensis, D. namaensis and D. junceus), are restricted to Namaqualand and the South-west Protectorate. ne (D. micropetalus), extends from the South-west Protectorate, across the Kalahari and Karoo to the Eastern Cape. Another species (D. Burchellii), is endemic to Griqualand West, on the eastern edge of the Kalahari. Four species and one variety (D. incurvus, D. Bolusii and its var. luteus, D. caespitosus and D. prostratus), occur in the winter rainfall belt of the South West Cape region, (some of them extending eastward toward the Sundays River). One (D. scaber), appears to be peculiar to the Eastern Cape. Three species and one variety (D. basuticus, D. crenatus, D. mooiensis and D. micropetalus var. Galpini), extend from the Eastern Cape through Basutoland, Natal and the Orange Free State to the Transvaal. The remaining three species and one variety (D. transvaalensis, D. Kirkii, D. Zeyheri, and D. mooiensis var. dentatus), are known only from the Transvaal. _ As in the case of Salix*, the genus appears to have reached South Africa by way of the high mountain ranges of Eastern Tropical Africa. soe Tropical African Species—Only three species (D. longiglumis, Del., D. leediee Steud.. and D. angolensis, Hiern), are known to occur in Tropical Africa, and these three show close affinity with the South African species. They are found in Angola and Abyssinia respectively; the Abyssinian forms, or connecting links between them and the South African forms, should be sought in the high mountains of Eastern Tropical Africa. ' D. leptoloma, Steud., of the mountains of Abyssinia, is a need ally of D. basuticus, differing chiefly in the less exserted calyx- tube. J , ini ity with D. D. longiglumis, Del., of Abyssinia, shows affinity witl Bolusii and D. basuticus in stem and foliage, and to D. anenors in length of calyx-tube and size of petals, which, however, = exceed even those of D. caespitosus, and have very long-exse * Burtt Davy, J._-The Distribution and Origin of Salix in South Africa ; Journal of Ecology, vol. x. pp. 62-86, 1922. A?2 212 claws. It produces a large and handsome flower and might be found useful for crossing with other species. D. angolensis, Hiern, of Angola, is allied to D. kamisbergensis and D. albens, by the short calyx-tube, but differs in foliage and petals ; to D. Bolusii it is allied by the calycine bracts, the petals, the branching and the lower cauline leaves, but differs in the shorter calyx-tube. KEY TO THE SPECIES. * Leaves mostly basal: stem-leaves mostly shorter than the basal leaves (0-5-2 em. long), often scale-like. Basal leaves short, 0-5-6 (rarely 10) cm. long, narrow and grass-like, usually forming rosettes at the apex of very short branches of the main (perennial) stem : flowering (annual) stems simple or sparingly branched, slender, erect : t Calyx 1-5-3 em. long over all Basal leaves very short, usually 0-5-1-5, (rarely up to 4) em. lon Petals exserted 2-5-4 mm., dentate or narrowly fim- briate (Kalahari-Karoo species) 1. micropetalus. Petals exserted 0°5-1 cm., narrowly fimbriate or dentate (Eastern Cape-Basutoland form). ane ee var. Galpint. Petals exserted 1-1-5 cm., _lacerate-fimbriate (Western Karoo and Namaqualand species). ae eee . Pearsonii. Basal leaves longer, 2-5-5-10 (rarely only 1-5) cm. long: petals exserted 0°7-1 cm., dentate (not lacerate—fimbriate) : plants 15-30 em. high : Calyx 2-5-3 em. long: bracts 3 pairs, acute, the mucro under 1 mm. long: leaf-margins scabrid : petals exserted 7-10 mm., rosy?: basal leaves 1—2 mm. broad, flat : (Eastern Cape species) ce ear ine ns tae ee 3. scaber. Calyx 1-5-2-5 cm. long: bracts 2 pairs, abruptly mucronate, the mucro about 1-5 mm. long: leaf-margins quite smooth : petals exserted 1 cm., ~ white or creamy: basal leaves 0-5 mm. broad - or narrower, filiform or channelled above 213 TT Basal foibles longer, 10-20 (rarely only 4) em. long, forming ufts (but not rosettes). § Sains below the crown more or less persistent (or sometimes none in 9. D. Bolusti; see also 14. D. basuticus). Basal leaves 35-10 cm. long : Calyx 2-5-3 cm. long: petals exserted 1 cm. or more, lacerately fimbriate: flowering stems mostly SIMPLE (2 hc se, sin eae Ameen 6. namaensis. Calyx 2 cm. long: petals exserted 5 mm. or less, dentate : flowering stems branched above S apiigl eee tee 7. Burcheliii. Calyx 1-5 em. long: petals exserted 0-75~-1-25 em., entire, emarginate or denticulate: calyx-teeth and bracts finely ciliolate: leaf-margins scabrid : basal leaves 1 mm. broad or less, channelled above: stems usually incurved above save ¢ ow S, enCUrvUs, Basal leaves 12-20 cm. long: calyx 2-5-2-75 cm. long : petals lacerately fimbriate : stems 1-8- eibee taled West Cape-specties) 5 * "2 2s S$ oo below the crown deciduous, or none am ave sit). ” Basal leaves 4-20 cm. long, 2-3-5 mm. broad, promi- - nently 7-nerved below, channelled above, scabrous on the margins, rigid, erect, forming a more or less dense basal tuft at the apex of the numerous under- ground branches: calyx stout, 2-2-3 cm. long: petals dentate, exserted 0-5-1-3 cm.: stems 14- flowered (Eastern species) ...... 14. basuticus. Basal leaves 2-4 cm. long: calyx 3-5-5 em. lon Bracts acute or with a minute apiculus, their margins broadly scarious up to and asia mM anes 0. junceus. Bracts long-acuminate, subulate ae their margins (but not the apex) puree scarious : petals deeply lacerate, exserted up t oS em. and up to2 om: broad” ww we i caespitosus. ** Leaves mostly cauline, the basal often shorter than the intermediate ca Leaves narrow (about 1 mm. broad), not rigid: barren shoots elongated, their internodes 1-5-3 em. long Calyx 3-5 cm. long: bracts acuminate, bristle-pointed : petals exserted about 1:5 cm., fimbriate: stems slender, terete, often axillary on ——— leafy shooter ee eS 2. prostratus. . Calyx 1-75-2-5 cm. long: bracts Gee petals exserted 0-75-1 cm., laciniately fimbriate, vite . Kirk. ee Sen ore Beek Pe ee Mh oh lnk ed 214 Leaves broader, usually 3-5 (rarely 1-5 to 2) mm. broad and rigid : stems lea: Calyx stout, 2-5 cm. long: petals exserted 1-5-2 cm., 1-1-5 em. broad, variously dentate to sub-entire : pees cauline leaves about 5 cm. long, not pid Sa SS Se eee ek 15. — Osis 1-5-1-75 ecm. long: petals exserted 5. fimbriate, the claw not exserted: intermediate online leaves 2-5-3 rarely 6 cm. long, rigid See ie ree 16. mooiensis. Calyx 3-5 cm. long: petals exserted 1-5 cm., lacerate- fimbriate, the claw long-exserted : intermediate cauline leaves 2-5-5 cm. long, rigid ...... 7. Zeyherr. 1. D. micropetalus, Ser. in DC. Prod. i. 359 (1824) ! Rance: from the Karoo near Cradock, across the Kalahari to the South West Protectorate. Carpe Province: Hay Div., Griquatown Burchell 1851! type, 1935!; Barkly Div., Hebron (now Windsorton) W. Nelson 191!; Colesberg Div., Colesberg Shaw ! ; (Middelburg Div. ?), “Snowy Mt.” (Sneeuwberg) Burke! ; Cradock Div., Great Fish River near Cradock Burke! ; Fort Beaufort Div., and “ British Kaffraria”’ without precise locality Cooper 451 pro parte !, 395 pro parte ! ORANGE Free Stare: Without precise locality Cooper 1935! bs Bloemfontein Distr., Brandfort Haagner in herb. Conrath 1225! F Kroonstad Distr., Kroonstad Miss Chennel 79 ! TRANSVAAL: Heidelberg Distr., Burttholm near Vereeniging Burtt Davy 17133!; Lichtenburg Distr., Korannafontein Rogers 20626 — West Protectorate: Great Namaqualand, sandy plains north of Areb Pearson 9476 ! The very shortly exserted petals at once distinguish this from any of its allies, including D. scaber with which it has been confused. In the type specimen, which is depauperate, the flowering stems are simple, but other specimens show both simple and branched stems on the same plant. A manuscript note by Mr. N. E. Brown, states that Burchell 1935 is “identical with Rehmann No. 3380; from Hiinernestkloof, Griqualand West, named by Dr. Szyszylowiez D. scaber var. Aaeitgea ener Fenzl, in Herb. Schinz at Zurich, compared Aug. 7, 1891.’ var. Galpini, Burtt Davy, var. nov., a forma typica petalis majoribus, calycem 0-5-1 cm. excedentibus, differt. RANGE: more easterly than that of the typical form. BasUTOLAND: grassy slopes above Buffels River Waterfall, sen i alt. Galpin 6582 !, type; without precise locality Cooper 215 Care Province: without precise locality Dr. Pappe in herb. Hook,! ; Barkly East Div., Wittebergen Range, summit of Ben McDhui, 3000 m. alt. Galpin 6581!; Queenstown Div., mts. near Queenstown, 1200 m. alt. Galpin 1671!, Shiloh Baur 954 t without precise locality Drége b.! sub nom. D. micropetalus, Sering *; Fort Beaufort Div., and “ British Kaffraria ’ without precise locality Cooper 451 pro parte !, 395 pro parte!; Uitenhage Div., Winterhoek Mts. Zeyher 80!, between Coega and Sundays River Drége c.! sub nom. D. albus, Ait. (non Sering.) Baur no. 141 from Grasrug, Kaffraria, may belong here, but the calyx is only 1-3-1-5 em. long; it does not match any other plant at Kew, and the specimen is too scrappy for precise deter- mination. 2. D. Pearsonii, Burtt Davy, sp. nov., D. caespitoso, Thunb., affinis sed calycibus petiolisque brevioribus, petalorum fimbriis brevioribus, bracteis breviter acuminatis nec subulato-acuminatis, differt. Stems woody, usually with short, woody branches above : flowering stems 5-20 cm. high, very slender, simple or branched above. Basal leaves forming rosettes, 0-5-3 cm. long, 0-5-1 mm. broad, flat; with a prominent midrib beneath; margins scaberu- lous. Cauline leaves 0-3-2-5 cm. long. Bracts 0-4-1-2 em. long, ‘ovate, acute; margins scarious. Calyx 3 cm. long over all. Petals exserted 1-1-5 cm., lacerate fimbriate, pink ?. Rance: South West Protectorate, through Little Namaqua- land to Sutherland Div. — South West Protectorate: Great Karasberg Pearson 7856 ! type, river bed near K:ai Kluft, in crevices in sandstone, 1650 m. alt. Pearson 7854 !. Care Province: Little Namaqualand, hills at Karoechas, 3000 m. Schlechter 11392!; Little Namaqualand? Drége, “a”? sub nom. D. micropetalus var. B subimbricatus, EM. !; Sutherland Div., Great Riet River Burchell 1375? (incomplete, and of doubtful identity). 3. D.scaber, Thunb., Prod. 81 (1794)! Rance: Eastern Cape Province, between the Bashee and Gauritz Rivers. Carr Province: Without precise locality, “ e Cap. b. Spei ” Dr. Giil!; Transkei, between ead! ; Uitenhage Div., ? flat town 8. ; ats near Grahams Div., Gauritz River Zwartkops Riv. Dr. Pappe! ; Riversdale Dr. Pappe!. transvaalensis, Burtt Davy sp. nov.; Dz lo *. = oe fy * . * var. Galpinio, Burtt Davy, affinis, sed foliis longioribus glabris i Is Rehmann 457 * A mss. note by Mr. Brown states that this equa from Belvedere, Knysna Div hich have not seen, but which ep. Szyszylowicz referred to D. scaber, Thunb. 216 (nec scabris), bracteis aristatis, et petalis longioribus albidis, differt. Rhizome shortly branched above ground, ries several crowns. Leaves forming basal tufts, 5-10 cm. long, 0 broad or less, filiform or channelled above, quite tne flowering stems 20-40 cm. high, slender, branched above ; cauline leaves 1-2 cm. long. Bracts 2 pairs, acute, with an awn up to 2mm. long. Calyx 1-5-2°5 em. long. Petals exserted about 1 cm., white, dentate. Rance: Transvaal High-veld. TRANSVAAL: Ermelo Burtt Davy 17387 ! type, in herb. Cantab.; Carolina Rogers 11553 !; Heidelberg Distr., Vereeniging, farm Burttholm Burtt Davy 15016 ! 5. D. kamisbergensis, Sond. in Fl. Cap. i. 124 (1860)! RanGE: from the Tulbagh Div., to Little Namaqualand. Care Province: Without precise locality Mund! ; Little Namaqualand, Kamiesberg Ecklon & Zeyher 244! type; Calvinia Div., Roggeveld at the Blaauwkrantz Pass, 900.m. alt. Pearson 4984 1; Ceres Div., Leeuwfontein, common on burnt veld Pearson 3180 !, 3189 !; Tulbagh Div., Nieuwe Kloof 500 m. Schlechter 9026 !. 6. D. namaensis, Schinz in Bull. Herb. Boiss. v, App. 3, 84 (1897) ! Rance: Great Namaqualand to Clanwilliam Div. South West Protectorate: Great Namaqualand, Tsirub Schinz 553!, type ; kopjes about 30 km. south of Griindoorn, between Dabaigabis and Griindoorn, 1250 m. alt., in fissures of granite rock on kopje Pearson 3151!; near Alewyn’s Fontein (15 miles north) Pearson 3486!; Great Karasberg at Naruda Nord, in crevices of sandstone in river bed Pearson 7855 ! Carr Province: Nardouw Kloof, in sand, in crevices of rock, Olifants River bed Pearson 5334 ! 7. D. Burchellii, Ser. in DC Prod. i. 359 (1824) ! RANGE: British Bechuanaland. British BECHUANALAND: Kuruman Div., source of Kuruman River Burchell 2456! type in herb. Kew. ;. near the Pass in Kamhanin Mt. Burchell 2178 !. 8. D. incurvus, Thunb., Prodr. 81 (1794)! ; D. albens, Ait., Hort. Kew. Ed. 1. ii. 90 (1789) ! ste 3 holopetalus, Turez. in Bull. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mosc. xxvii (1854) 369 Rance: S.W. Cape from Clanwilliam Div. south to Table Mt. and east to the Semis River. APE Province: Without precise locality Roxburgh! , Admiral Sir F. Grey |, Harvey 234 !, 502!,*, Pappe! ; Malmesbury * These may be Zeyher’s numbers. 217 6382 !; Uitenhage Div., Sandfontein, Winterhoeks Berg Zeyher 80!, between Coega and Sundays River Drége c!, Uitenhage Zeyher 1129! Sonder quite correctly followed Willdenow (1799) in uniting D. incurvus, Thunb. (1794) with D. albens, Ait. (1789), but in doing so’ he should not have restored Thunberg’s name, rightly treated as a synonym by Willdenow. Thunberg himself accepted Aiton’s name in preference to his own in his herbarium, where he has written “‘ D. albens, Wild.” in the lower right-hand corner _ where he usually labelled his specimens, while in the lower left- hand corner is written, also in his own handwriting, the synonym “'D. incurvus, Prod. cap.”’+ But as the name Dianthus incurvus, Thunb. has been familiar to students of South African botany for over sixty years, through the pages of the Flora Capensis, no good purpose would be served by restoring Aiton’s name. There is but one specimen ‘labelled D. incurvus, in the Thunberg herbarium, and it does not agree with Thunberg’s description of that species, for the petals are lacerate, not ‘“integris ’t, and the cauline leaves are linear, up to 4°5 mm. road, not at all ‘“ lineari-setacea’’. At the back of the sheet is written in the upper left-hand corner (the place where he usually noted the localities of his specimens) “‘e Cap. b. Spei. Thunberg ’’; but the specimen does not match any South African material at Kew or the British Museum; it appears to be some- what abnormal, suggesting a cultivated plant, and may be a garden specimen of some extra-South African species. It is clear that the sheet was labelled later than the publication of Thunberg’s Prodromus, for he cites Willdenow for the name albens, and the second volume of Willdenow’s edition of the Species Plantarum, in which Aiton’s name D. albens is used, was not published until 1799. We must conclude therefore, that the specimen labelled D. incurvus in the Thunberg herbarium, is not the original type from which Thunberg drew his description. Prof. Juel’s suggestion that the description of D. incurvus may have been made while Thunberg was in South Africa, and there- fore from living material, seems a probable explanation, especially eR Na es, TAT Bi als ale + See also note by Prof. Juel, on p. 210, preceding. _ I The petals of the Cape Peninsula plant vary from entire or emar- ginate to crenate or dentate, but are not lacerate. 218 as he gives with such precision the locality where he found the plant, a detail omitted entirely in the case of many of his specimens ; he says: —- in collibus infra Taffelberg latere orientali. Floret Majo, Juni There is sea of herbarium material of D. albens, Ait., from Table Mt. and vicinity, and no other species of Dianthus i is known to occur there. The type of D. albens was grown at Kew from seed collected by Masson somewhere in the Cape Province; Thunberg travelled with Masson on one, at least, of his journeys, and Masson’s seeds may have been collected at the same place as Thunberg’s type of D. incurvus. Aiton’s type of D. albens, in the British Museum herbarium, agrees sufficiently (allowing for slight variatiou due to growth under English conditions) with Table Mt. specimens (e.g., Wolley Dod 124) to show that they represent one and the same species. In describing D. holopetalus as distinct from D. albens, Turezaninow was clearly under a misconception as to the type of the latter species, for he cites as the true D. albens, Ait., a seghand we plant (Zeyher 79) unknown to Aiton and which is the f D. Zeyheri, Sond. Turczaninow cites as the types of his B holopetalus, Zeyher’s No. 78 and Ecklon & Zeyher’s No. 247 (distributed by them as D. albens, Ait.); we may conclude therefore, that Turczaninow’s specimens of these two numbers represented one and the same species. Zeyher 78 is D. albens, Ait.; but the Kew specimen of Ecklon & Zeyher 247 does not match Zeyher 78 (and belongs to D. Bolusii), while Ecklon & Zeyher 246 (labelled D. crenatus, Thunb.), compares well with Zeyher 78, and is referrable to D. albens (not to D. crenatus). It would appear, therefore, that the labels of these two Ecklon and Zeyher numbers were transposed, and I have acted on this assumption in assigning the localities to the two plants. 9. D. Bolusii, Burtt Davy, sp. nov., D. basutico, Burtt Davy, affinis, sed pedunculis saepe multifioris, ‘petalis lacerato-fimbriatis differt ; a D. caespitoso, Thunb. caulibus foliosis, pedunculis multifloris et foliis latioribus differt. Basal leaves tufted at the crown of a somewhat woody or more or less slender underground stem, 10-17 cm. long, 1-5-3 mm. road; cauline leaves 1-5 mm. long. Stems slender, about 3 cm. high, much branched above (rarely simple), usually 4-8-flowered. Bracts 3-5 pairs, broad, acute, bristle-pointed, scarious-margined, chartaceous. Calyx 2-5 cm. long. Petals exserted 1 cm., lacerately fimbriate, dark purple. RANGE : George to Piquetberg. Care PROVINCE: bins 2 oan locality Ecklon ? in herb. Hook.!, Drége b. sub nom. D. micropetalus B sub-imbricatus, E.M.!; Swellendam Di. nile River Burchell 7497 !; between Buffeljagts River and Swellendam Burchell 7295!; Cannaland, Swellgndam or Gauritz River Ecklon & Zeyher 219 243!; Puspas Valley Ecklon & Zeyher 246% (No. 247 at Kew !); George Div.?, George Mts. Bowie !; Tulbagh Div., mountains above Tulbagh Waterfall, 350 m. alt. Bolus 5126! type in herb. Kew.; Nieuwe Kloof 500 m. alt. Schlechter 9033 A Tulbagh Pappe!; Ceres Div., Michels Pass Rehmann 2332 i: Malmesbury and Piquetberg Divisions, Skurfdeberg, Twenty-four Rivers and Riebeeks-Kasteel Drége a !, (sub nom. D. scaber, Thunb.), Zeyher 76!, 77! : var. luteus, Burtt Davy, var. nov., a forma typica petalis minoribus luteo-viridisque, differt. : Care Province: Paarl Div., Groot Drakenstein Rogers 17329 ! type. Petals exserted 4 mm., greenish-yellow, fimbriate: calyx 2-5 cm. long. Plant approaching D. Burchellii, Ser., in length of petals, but these are more fimbriate, and the leaves are much longer. 10. D. junceus, Burtt Davy, sp. nov., D. caespitoso, Thunb., affinis sed bracteis acutis vel minute apiculatis, marginibus apicibusque late scariosis, differt. Stems tufted, much branched below from a woody crown. Flowering stems 30-35 cm. high, 1 mm. diam., very numerous, erect, simple, wiry. Leaves mostly basal, 2-3 cm. long; cauline leaves about 1 cm. long, appressed, not rigid, the uppermost scale-like, 5 mm. long. Calycine bracts about 4 pairs, 0°6- 1-2 cm. long, with a very broad, scarious margin to the apex, acute or with a minute apiculus. Calyx 4.cm. long, the teeth with broad scarious margins. Petals exserted about 2 cm. beyond the calyx, dentate (or laciniate ?) “ pale lilac.” Rance: Little Namaqualand. Carpe Province: Little Namaqualand: Khamiesberg, sum- mit of kopje South-west of Leliefontein Pearson 6312 ! type ; lower South-east slope of Vogelklip, among bushes in dry stream-bed Pearson & Pillans 5904!; roadside and cornlands, Brakdam Pearson & Pillans 5604 !. 11. D. caespitosus, Thunb., Prod. 81 (1794) ! Stems 12-38 em. high, simple. Basal leaves 2-6 cm. long, setaceous to flat and up to 1 mm. broad; cauline leaves 0° 5- 15 cm. long, the uppermost scale-like and approaching or over- lapping the calycine bracts. Calycine bracts 3-4 pairs, up Y 1-7 cm. long, long-acuminate, setaceous pointed, not or scarcely scarious-margined. Calyx very long (4-5 em.). Petals exceeding t —~2 om., deeply lacerate. pees Keown ate Diem the Caledon and Riversdale Carr Province: “e. Cap. b. Spei,” without precise locality Thunberg! type; Caledon Div., Genadendal, ho m. alt. Schlechter 9803 !; Riversdale Div., Gauritz River Pappe! the numerous specimens so named, only these two Kew sheets can be considered conspecific wth the Thunberg type. 220 12. D. prostratus, Jacg., Hort. Schoenb. iii. 11., t. 271 (1798) !; Bot. Reg. t. 256 sub nom. D. crenatus ; D. pectinatus E. Mey. ex Sond. in Fl. Cap. i. 124 (1859-60) ! Rance: Calvinia and Caledon Divisions. :; Cape Province: Without precise locality Masson (seeds, from which the type specimen was grown); Calvinia Div., Uien Vlei, Bokkeveld Mts. Drége! type of D. pectinatus, E. Mey.; Caledon Div., Genadendal Pappe ! is desirable. 13. D. Kirkii, Burtt Davy, sp. nov., species, caulum foliis intermediis quam foliis basalibus et foliis superioribus multo longioribus, petalis brevibus laciniato-fimbriatis, bene distincta. Stems slender, ascending, 23-30 cm. high, simple or branched, especially above, leafy, the lowest and uppermost cauline leaves much shorter than the intermediate leaves, the latter 2-3-5 cm. long, 1-1-5 mm. broad, not rigid. Bracts 3 pairs} short, broad, acute, scarious-margined to the apex with a short mucro. Calyx 2 em. long. Petals exserted about 7 mm., white, laciniately fimbriate. RANGE: Transvaal and Natal High-veld. TRANSVAAL: Pretoria District, near Pretoria, on kopjes, in dry sand among rocks, Nov. 1901 J. W. C. Kirk 5!, type, Magaliesberg Zeyher 81!, Pretoria and Wonderboompoort Rehmann 4706 !, 4579 !; Rustenburg Distr., Magaliesberg Nateon 3122; Witwatersrand, Johannesburg Ommanney 64!; Elsburg Rogers 12140? (material incomplete). NaTaL: near Newcastle Wilms 1864 ! 14. D. basuticus, Burtt Davy, sp. nov., affinis D. leptolomae, Steud., et D. crenato, Thunb., ab illo tubo calycis breviore, ab hoc foliis basalibus caespitosis ad 5-15 cm. longis, 1-5-4 mm. latis, differt. Basal leaves 5-15 cm. long, 1-5-4 mm. broad, tufted at the apices of the underground branches, arising from a thick (8-10 mm. diam.) woody crown; cauline leaves gradually diminishing from 25 to 5 mm. long. Flowering stems slender, erect, simple or branched above, 1—4-flowered, 8-43 cm. long. Bracis 2-3 pairs, chartaceous, yellowish, acutely pointed, mucronulate, margins narrowly scarious. Calyx 2-5 cm. long, rather stout. Petals exserted 0-5-1-3 cm., dentate, “ deep pink.” 221 Raw ae ae Province (Albert Division) north to the ea and Nata BASUTOLAND : pe precise locality Surenger 3!; Leribe, 1500-1800 m. Mrs. Dieterlen 184!, type; below Mont- ~aUx- Sources 2750-3000 m. alt. Maurice S. ‘Evans 746 !. Care Province: Albert Div., without precise locality Cooper 613. NataL: Without precise locality Gerrard 14361}, Tintern 1500-1800 m. alt. Maurice 8. Evans 354}, Newcastle Wilms 1865! 1866! Insizwa Krook in Pl. Penth. sub nom. D. micro- petalus var. rela Ce Fenzl. GRIQUALAND East.: Vaal Bank near Kokstad Haygarth in herb. Wood 4178 !, near Kokstad Tyson 531 ! ORANGE Free State: Harrismith Distr., Besters Vlei, 1650 m. Bolus 8124!, Harrismith Sankey 13!; without precise locality reneged, Harrismith) Cooper 996 !; Ficksburg Distr., near Clocolan C. M. Stockdale ! TRANSVAAL: Lydenburg pagers Belfast Leendertz 2700 !, Pilgrims Rest Greenstock ! 15. D. crenatus, Thunb., Prod. 81 (1794). RanGE: from Swellendam round the rata to Natal. Province: Swellendam Div., “crescit in collibus inter "Swell ts et Hout-hoek. Floret Decembri ” Thunberg ! type; Uitenhage Div., without precise locality Zeyher 499! Dr. Pappe!, sandy places in seen veld at the Zwartkops River Ecklon & Zeyher 245!; Albany Div., Witte River Station and Bushman’s River Dr. Gill |, Cooper 1936 !, Bowie 4! (compares with type), grassy places, Brookhuisens MacOwan ! (agrees well with type), near Grahamstown MacOwan 701!; Transkei, Bazeia 600-750 m. alt. Baur 14; East Griqualand, around Clydesdale, 600 m. alt. cf ei 2115! Dr, Sutherland | !; Alexandra “send Dumivy Rudatis 229 '; Durban Krauss B71, Wood 203 (typical)!, D. W. B. Grant!, | R..W. Plant 7541, Rudatis 1512!; Claremont Schlechter 3047 !: Inanda Wood 747 !; Ixopo Mrs. Clarke 15! (a form approaching D. basuticus Burtt Davy). Transvaat : Lydenburg Distr., near Lydenburg Wilms 57! Atherstone!: Devils Knuckles near Spitzkop Wilms 59!; Barberton Distr., Bosch’s near Barberton 1200 m. Galpin 1269 !; Middelburg Distr., between Middelburg and the Crocodile River Wilms 56 ! ; Bronkhorstspruit Wilms 60! There is no material of D. crenatus at Kew, from the type locality, and until it is re-collected there, some doubt may be felt as to the identity of the eastern and western forms, vee the Albany plant seems re be a rng match with the type. The flowers are described as ‘ 3 222 The Transvaal material is somewhat off type, approaching D. basuticus, Burtt Davy, in some of its characters. 6. D.. mooiensis, Williams in Journ. Bot. xxvii. P 199 (1889) !; D. Nelsoni, Williams, in Journ. Bot. 1889, p. 200 RanGE : High-veld of the Transvaal. TRANSVAAL: Potchefstroom Distr., Mooi River Nelson 334! type, Wonderfontein on the Mooi River, Nelson 554! type of D. Nelsoni, Williams; Witwatersrand, Orange Grove Rogers 22386!; Pretoria Distr., near Pretoria Burtt Davy 724!, Janse in T.M.H. 2808? ty Heidelberg Distr., Heidelberg Leendertz 1020! I; Standerton ? Rogers 18777 !. GRIQUALAND East: Near Kokstad, 1100 m. T'yson 1119! Nata: Between Greytown and Newcastle Wilms 1863 ! I can find no specific difference between the two plants named as above by Williams, though he places them in separate sections. The accepted name was originally published by the author as ‘“moviensis ’’ from the “‘ Movi River,” obviously a mistake for Mooi River, due to a badly written label, and therefore open to correction. This species is the High-veld ally of D. Zeyheri, Sond. var. dentatus, Burit Davy, var. nov., a forma typica petalis dentatis roseis albidisve, calycis brevioribus et foliis basalibus ” longioribus, differt TRANSVAAL : Brana Distr., Rayton Rogers 12915 !, type. 17. D. Zeyheri, Sond. in Fl. Cap. i. 124 (1860)!; D. Colensoi, Williams in Journ. Bot. xxiii, 344 (1885)!; D. mecistocalyz, Williams in Journ. Bot. xxvii, 199 (1889) !. RANGE: Bush-veld of the Transvaal. TRANSVAAL: Pretoria Distr., Magalidabeny Zeyher 79}, Burke 264!, types; Wonderboompoort Rehmann 4581!; Brits Stent in T.D.A.H. 6117!; near Pretoria McLea in herb. Bolus 5587!; Aapjes River W. 'N elson 555! (type of both D. Colensoi and D. mecistocalyx) ; Premier Mine Rogers 25216!; Rustenburg Distr., Kloof of Magaliesberg Nation 282 !, Collins 132! !; Middel- burg Distr., Wilge River Schlechter 3743 |: Waterberg Distr., between Klippan and Elands River Rehmann 5015!; Pietersburg Distr., Pietersburg Bolus 11042!; Lydenburg Distr., ’ Elandspruit- bergen Schlechter 3856!, Lydenburg Wilms in T.M.H. 6464!, Pilgrims Rest Greenstock !. Nelson notes: “Rare”; “flowers purest white, 2} in. diameter, much fimbriated. a "Williams cites Nelson’ 8 plant as the type of his D. Colensoi, but erroneously gives “ coast of Natal ”’ as the type locality. He correctly described the flowers as white, but included the plant in the Section Barbulatum, which he defined as having flowers “ rosei purpureive ’ A specimen collected by Rogers (No. 22325 !) in the Kloof at Rustenburg, Transvaal, has been referred to the S.W. Cape Se eee nity a Se ee et ee i > wi +e, a Pruate I. Fig. Fig. 223 D. prostratus, Jacq. (D. pectinatus, E. Mey.), but differs from that species in the terminal inflorescence, broader leaves and shorter, acute, not acuminate, involucral bracts; it appears to be a shade. grown form of D. Zeyheri, Sond. : EXPLANATION OF PLATES. The figures are reproduced from photographs by Miss E. Brown, of three of the five sheets in the Thunberg Herbarium. Pl. J., Fig. 1. D. scaber, Thunb.: type. Between the two specimens of D. scaber, there has been mounted (evidently at a later date) a specimen of another species, numbered 2, from “* Helvetia ’’ as indicated on the back of the sheet. To prevent confusion this has been cut out from the print. Fig. 2. D. caespitosus, Thunb. ; type. Pl. II.—D. crenatus, Thunb., B; type. XXXIV.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. Mr. R. E. Houttum, B.A., Junior Demonstrator in Botany in the University of Cambridge, has been appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies, on the recommendation of Kew, Assistant Director of Gardens, Straits Settlements. Mr. H. K. Hewson has been appointed by the Secretary of State for the Colonies, on the recommendation of Kew, Assistant Superintendent, Agricultural Department, Gold Coast, and Caprain J. W. D. Fisuer, Assistant in the Agricultural Department, Sierra Leone. to supply the Trinidad Garden with its first plants ; but Trinidad comes first in the West Indies for an unbroken period of existence. 224 The following particulars are quoted from a paper by the present Director (Mr. W. G. Freeman) in “The Trinidad Christmas Guardian ”’ 1919. “The Gardens were established in the year 1818, in the time of Sir Ralph Woodward, under the direction of Mr. Lockhart. Many of the plants were imported from Caracas and St. Vincent. Mr. Lockhart was Assistant Botanist attached to the ill-fated expedition of Captain Tuckey up the River Congo in 1816 during which he suffered severely and was long a patient in the hospital at Bahia. He visited Venezuela and the countries of the Orinoco, discovering the ‘‘ Cow Tree ” (Brosimum utile) and the “ Saman ” or “ Zaman” (Pithecolobium Saman) which with many kinds of orchids he introduced to Trinidad and during his incumbency special attention was given to the introduction and cultivation of the various spice trees. Under the fostering care of Lor Harris, for many years Governor, the Gardens flourished and their area was considerably extended. It is said that he annually expended from his private purse a large sum towards their development. Mr. Lockhart was succeeded by Mr. Purdie on the recommendation of Sir William Hooker in 1846 and after- wards the Gardens were successively under the care of Dr. Crueger 1857, Henry Prestoe 1864; J. H. Hart 1887 and J. B. Carruthers 1909-1910 during which many notable trees were introduced including the “Saman” (as before stated by Lockhart)—the Mango” (Mangifera indica—good varieties) from India and Martiniqué in 1859 and many others from all parts of the world. The distribution of plants was also effected on a large scale and the article concudes with: “I think we may safely say that much has been done and that during the past century the Royal Botanic Garden has been the means of introducing and distributing many of the plants on which the welfare of the Colony is based, and others which are of value for the sake of their fruits an nd flowers.” —J. H. H. a et Sen Se hr Te ee NG OPEN As eS Ae eee rae under the authority of His MAJESTY’s STATION ERY OFFICE By Eyre and Spottiswoode, Ltd., East Harding — E.C. 4, ri "Prin nters to the King’s most Excellent Majesty [Crown Copyright Reserved.} ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW. BULLETIN Or MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION, No. 8) (1922 XXXV.—CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF SIAM. ADDITAMENTUM XIII. W. G. Cratrs. Michelia Rajaniana, Craib [Magnoliaceae-Magnolieae]; M. lanuginosa, Wall., cui maxime affinis, petiolo longiore, foliis latioribus supra haud glabris, carpellis maturis approximatis iffert. Arbor circa 20 m. alta (ex Kerr); ramuli iuventute crassiusculi, dense fulvo- vel subferrugineo-pubescentes, plus minusve glabre- scentes, cortice fusco obtecti, conspicue lenticellati. Folia late lanceolata, oblongo-elliptica vel elliptico-ovata, apice obtusa, basi rotundata, 22-29 cm. longa, 10-13-2 cm. lata, coriacea, supra ad costam densius pubescentia, aliter puberula, subtus © molliter albo-pubescentia, costa subtus valde prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa 20 supra conspicuis subtus promi- nentibus intra marginem conspicue anastomosantibus, nervulis arcte reticulatis pagina utraque prominulis, petiolo 2-5-3-5 cm. longo supra canaliculato indumento ei ramulorum simili obtecto suffulta. Flores albi (ex Kerr), solitarii, axillares, pedicello 5-12 mm. longo indumento ei ramulorum nisi sparsiore et pallidiore simili tecto suffulti; bracteae sericeae; alabastra circa 2-5 em. longa., Petala 12, oblanceolata, obtusa, 3-5 em. longa, 1 cm. lata. Filamenta circa 2 mm. longa, antheris (apiculo 1 mm. longo incluso) cirea 4 mm. longis jorum et carpella adpresse ferrugineo-pubescentia, stylo glabro sicco atro ovario breviore. Carpella matura approximata, ambitu oblonga, obtusa, 1-5 em. longa, fusca, pallide lenticellata, sparse adpresse pubescentia, breviter stipitata. Doi Intanon, c. 1300 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 5342. Vern. Cham Pi Luang (ex Kerr). (see p. 225.) © (78)18607 Wt122—P23 1000. 10/22 E&8 226 9Gv Talauma Kerrii, Craib [Magnoliaceae-Magnolieae] ; ‘ Hodgsonii, Hook. f. et Th., ramulis haud glabris, areola stipulari petiolo aequilonga, filamentis brevioribus, connectivo haud longe producto recedit. Arbor circa 8 m. alta (ex Kerr); ramuli primo adpresse hirsuti, mox glabri, cortice luteo-stramineo vel subbrunneo- stramineo obtecti. Folia oblongo-oblanceolata vel oblonga, apice obtusa, costa excurrente breviter apiculata, basi late cuneata vel rotundato-cuneata, ad 37 cm. longa et 13 cm. lata, coriacea, glabra, subtus pallidiora, costa straminea supra parum efficientibus, margine integra, parum recurva, petiolo ad 5 cm. longo robusto basi conspicue incrassato suffulta, areola stipulari petiolo aequilonga. lores solitarii, terminales, pedicello robusto glauco glabro 4-6-annulato suffulti, ad 5-5 cm. longi. Stamina circa 1-4 cm. longa, filamentis brevibus, connectivo breviter producto apice obtuse triangulari vel subtruncato. Carpella glabra, tuberculata, stamina bene superantia. Nan, Doi Tiu, circa 700 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 5060. Artabotrys Vanprukii, Craib [Anonaceae-Unoneae] ; A. siamenst, Miq., similis, sed ramulorum et foliorum costae pilis adpressis haud divergentibus distinguendus. Ramuli primo dense adpresse ferrugineo-pubescentes, demum glabri, cortice brunneo vel cinereo obtecti, lenticellis inconspicuis. Folia oblongo-elliptica vel obovato-elliptica, apice rotundata obtusave, basi rotundata, cuneato-rotundata, vel rarius cuneata, interdum parum inaequilateralia, ad 12 em. longa et 5-5 em. lata, chartaceo-coriacea vel coriacea, supra iuventute ad costam adpresse ferrugineo-pubescentia, matura nitida, glabra vel ad costam inferne puberula, subtus primo dense adpresse ferrugineo- pubescentia, mox ad costam subdense aliter sparse adpresse pubescentia, pallidiora, costa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 9-12 supra conspicuis subtus prominulis intra marginem praesertim superioribus anastomosantibus, nervulis rete pagina utraque conspicuum efficientibus, petiolo 5-10 mm. longo indumento ramulorum suffulta. Pedu neulus communis mox an ng a c. 400 m., mixed spake eet 4833. Pré, 180 m. Vanpruk 50 Vern. Skban Nga Kaa (ex Kerr). Polyalthia viridis, Craib in Kew Bull., 1914, p. 4, descr. ampl. Folia ad 33 em. longa et 14-5 em. lata. Pedicelli fructiferi lignosi, fere 3 cm. longi, receptaculo convexo 2 cm. diametro. 227 Carpella glabra, ambitu oblongo-elliptica, 2-5-2-8 cm. longa, 1-8 cm. diametro, stipite 2 cm. longo suffulta. Semina solitaria, Hue Pang Hing, Mé Hawng Sawn, c. 500 m., Kerr 5474. Goniothalamus calvicarpa, Craib [Anonaceae-Mitrephoreae]; a G. Groffithit, Hook. f. et Th., carpellis glabris recedit. Arbor 3-4 m. alta (ex Kerr); ramuli primo adpresse ferrugineo- pubescentes, demum glabri, cortice fusco-brunneo vel cinereo- runneo striato obtecti, lenticellis demum conspicuis. Folia elongato-oblanceolato-oblonga, apice acuminata, basi cuneata, 19-29 cm. longa, 4-6 cm. lata, subcoriacea, matura glabra vel subtus pilis adpressis sparsis hic et illic instructa, pagina inferior pallidiora, costa supra impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa 15-17 rectis vel subrectis bene intra marginem anastomosantibus supra subprominulis subtus pro- minulis, nervulis paucis subtus conspicuis reticulationem laxam efficientibus, margine integra recurva, petiolo valido circa 5 mm. longo supra canaliculato glabro vel subglabro suffulta. Flores virides (ex Kerr), axillares, solitarii, pedicello 8-10 mm. longo basi parvi-bracteolato pilis adpressis ferrugineis praesertim Superne sparse instructo suffulti. Calyx 10 mm. longus, lobis ovatis obtusis 7 mm. latis utrinque sparse adpresse pubescentibus ciliolatis. Petala exteriora 1-7 cm. longa, 5 mm. lata, utrinque Sparse adpresse pubescentia, interiora cohaerentia, 1 cm. alta. Stamina vix 2 mm. longa, apiculata. Carpella 1 mm. alta, glabra, stigmate fere 2 mm. longo. Sukotai, Kao Luang, c. 600 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 5946. Mitrephora Winitii, Craib [Anonaceae Mitrephoreae]; ab affini 17. Edwardsii, Pierre, foliis pro longitudine angustioribus, petiolis longioribus et ut videtur floribus maioribus, a M. grandi- flora, Bedd., cui florium magnitudine similis, foliis basi saepissime cordatulis recedit. Arbor parva (ex Winit); ramuli iuventute fulvo-tomentosi, mox glabri, cortice cinereo reticulato obtecti, lenticellis parvis conspicuis. olia lanceolata, ovato-lanceolata, rarius subelliptico- apicem versus bracteola vix 1 em. longa instructi. Calyx 1 cm. ongus, dorso fulvo-tomentosus, intra sparse pubescens. Petala exteriora alba (ex Winit), oblongo-obovata, vel elliptico-obovata, Ag 228 circa 4 em. longa et 2 cm. lata, extra adpresse fulvo-pubescentia, intra apicem basemque versus sparse pubescentia, interiora purpurea (ex Winit), dorso medio fulvo-pubescentia, ungui 1-5 em. longo dorso fulvo-pubescente suffulta. Stamina 2 mm. longa, connectivo truncato papilloso. Carpella 1-5 mm. alta, dense adpresse hirsuta. Prachuab, 80 m., evergreen jungle, Winit 577A. The species described above must be very near M. Edwardsit, Pierre, of which species apparently no flowering material can be traced. The flower was evidently described by Pierre from material in comparatively young bud. Orophea siamensis, Craib [Anonaceae-Miliuseae]; ab 0. monospermate, Craib, foliis maioribus, petalis exterioribus quam rbor circa 8 m. alta (ex Kerr); ramuli iuveniles sparse adpresse pubescentes, angulati, mox glabri, fusco-corticati, lenticellis subconspicuis notati. Folia oblongo-elliptica vel oblongo-oblanceolata, apice caudato-acuminata, obtusa, basi cuneata, saepe parum inaequilateralia, 10-16-5 cm. longa, 3-5-3 cm. lata, pagina superiore glabra, inferiore pallidiora, praesertim ad ‘costam pilis adpressis sparse instructa, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa 6 supra subconspicuis subtus pro- minulis, nervulis subtus subprominulis, petiolo 5 mm. longo sat valido supra canaliculato subtus transverse corrugato suffulta. Flores axillares, in ramulis vel foliatis vel defoliatis positi, pauci in axillo quoque, pedunculo communi perbrevi, pedunculis partialibus et pedicellis adpresse fulvo-pubescentibus, pedicellis apicem versus unibracteolatis. Sepala deltoideo-ovata, sub- adpressis sparse instructa, intra glabra, ciliata, interiora 1 cm longa, medio 2-5 mm. lata. Stamina 6. Carpella dorso breviter sparse pubescentia, vix 1-5 mm. longa. Hue Wao, c. 500 m., common in evergreen forest, Kerr, 5069. Stephania brevipes, Craib [Menispermaceae- Cocculeae] ; ag S. herbacea, Gagnep., caulibus haud omnino glabris, foliis minoribus ad nervulos subtus papillosis, inflorescentia brevi puberule recedit. Caules graciles, volubiles, interdum inferne radicantes, iuven- tute sicco fusci, mox straminei vel olivaceo-straminei, sulcati, ht tr fere glabri vel apud nodos tantum puberuli vel nonnunq omnino densius puberuli. Folia triangularia vel oblato-triangularia, apice obtusa vel leviter emarginata, breviter vieinointa® basi late — reac vel subtruncata, lateribus gracile sub oculo armato conspicuum efficientibus, pagina superiore viridia, glabra, inferiore pallida, magis minusve glauca, ad nervulos papillosa, petiolo 3-5-6 cm. longo interdum parum 229 puberulo suffulta. Inflorescentia 3 axillaris, circa 5 mm. longa, unculis conspicue puberulis, pedicellis circa 0-75 mm. longis. Sepala 6, circa 1-1-25 mm. longa et 0-75 mm. lata, inter se subaequalia. Petala 3, flabelliformia, 0-6 mm. longa, paulo latiora quam longiora. Synandrium 0-5 mm. altum, apice 0-5 mm. diametro. Doi Sutep, evergreen jungle, 900 m., Kerr 3255. Stephania erecta, Craib [Menispermaceae-Cocculeae]; ab affini S. Pierrei, Diels, caulibus erectis, foliis crassioribus dis- tinguenda. Caules annui, sub anthesin erecti, saepissime simplices, 7-30 cm. alti, superne glauci, inferne pallidiores, annotini straminei, striati, glabri. Folia iuventute sicca glauca, ovata vel rotundata, apice obtusa, mucronulata, 3 cm. longa, 2-5 em. lata, rigidiuscula, glabra, nervis circa 11 radiantibus, nervulis vix conspicuis, subtus pallidiora, marginata, petiolo ad 4 cm. longo suffulta. Pseudumbellae @ axillares vel inferiores ex axillis foliorum squamiformium ortae, 5-fere 10 mm. diametro, pedunculo communi 8-20 mm. longo suffultae, glabrae; pedunculi partiales breves; pedicelli 1-5-2 mm. longi, apice articulati. Flores expansi 2-5 mm. diametro. Sepala saepe varie et irregu- lariter connata, lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata, 1-3 mm. longa, 0-8 mm. lata, saepe tridentata. Petala haud evoluta. Synan- drium vix 1-25 mm. diametro, brevissime stipitatum. Miang Petchabun, c. 50 m., deciduous forest, Kerr 5689. Lao name, Bua Kia (ex Kerr). This is probably the plant mentioued by Diels (in Engler _ Pflanzenr., Menispermaceae, p. 276) under S. Pierrei, Diels, as represented by Siam, J’eysmann, Mekong, Harmand, and Cochin- china, Pierre. , A tuber received from Dr. Kerr is at present (July 1922) in flower in the Botanic Garden, Aberdeen. Stephania Kerrii, Craib [Menispermaceae-Cocculeae] ; ab affini S. Delavayi, Diels, foliis papyraceis, pedunculis masculis longioribus, drupis orbicularibus haud obovoideis recedit.. Caules volubiles, graciles vel subgraciles, saepe tortuosi, glabri, sulcati, substraminei. Folia orbiculari-ovata vel fere orbicularia, apice obtusa, interdum obtuse acuminata, mucronata, basi rotundata vel truncata, usque ad 10 cm. longa et 9 cm. lata, papyracea, pagina utraque glabra, superiore viridia, inferiore glauca, nervis 9 radiantibus supra tenuioribus conspicuis subtus subprominulis, nervulis reticulationem subtus plus minusve con- spicuam efficientibus, marginata, integra, petiolo cirea 7-14 cm. longo basi incrassato glabro suffulta. Inflorescentiae ¢ axillares, solitariae vel 2-fasciculatae, inferiore pseudumbellam compositam pedunculo communi 3-3-5 em. longo suffulta e radiis 3-4 con- stituta, superiore elongata inferiore 2—3-plo longiore e pseudum- bellis racemosim dispositis constituta pedunculo communi 3-5 cm. longo suffulta, pedunculis partialibus ad 2-5 cm. longis, bracteis 230 parvis vel interdum infimis foliaceis; pedicelli ad 2 mm. longi, aulo infra apicem articulati. epala 3 exteriora obovato- oblanceolata vel obovato- onenee apice rotundata, 1-5 mm. longa, 3 interiora obovato-oblonga, 1-75 mm. longa, 1-25 mm. lata. Petala 3-4, circa 1:25 mm. longa. Synandrium 0-75 mm. altum, apice 0-8 mm. diametro, stipite distincto inferne incrassato suffultum. Inflorescentia 9 e pseudumbella axillari vel cars os brevem axillarem terminante pedunculo communi ad 1:3 cm. longo suffulta ad 1 cm. diametro constituta; pedicelli 1- : mm. longi. Ovarium semiovoideum, glabrum; stigmata 6-partita. Drupa orbicularis, 7 mm. diametro; endocarpium faciebus depressum, dorso utrinque costulis circa 16 ornatum. Chiengmai, 300 m., scrub jungle, Kerr 3309. Doi Sutep, 500 m., mixed jungle, Kerr 3275. Stephania oblata, Craib [Menispermaceae-Cocculeae]; a S herbacea, Gagnep., foliis crassioribus, petalis carnosis latioribus quam longioribus, synandrio altiore, a S. Delavayi, Diels, inflorescentia minore magis condensata, floribus maioribus, ab ambabus foliorum nervulis rete laxius efficientibus recedit. Caulis gracilis, glaber, sicco iuventute fuscescens, mox stramineus, sulcatus, torquatus. Folia oblata, apice rotundata, costa excurrente breviter apiculata, basi rotundata, subtruncata, vel emarginata, ad 4 cm. longa et 4-5 cm. lata, papyracea, glabra, subtus pallidiora, nervis radiantibus 9 supra conspicuis subtus prominulis, nervulis supra parum impressis subtus subprominulis rete laxum efficientibus, margine pallida, parum reflexa, petiolo ad 5 em. longo circa 1 cm. supra laminae basem inserto suffulta. Pseudumbellae g axillares, solitarie, vix 1 em. diametro, glabrae, pedunculo communi circa 2-7 cm. longo apice parvi-bracteato suffultae, pedunculis partialibus cirea 5 ad 2-5 mm. longis, pedicellis vix 2 mm. longis. Sepala 6 vel 8, exteriora 2 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, interiora exterioribus paululo breviora peaye aequilata. Petala carnosa, flabelliformia, 1 mm. longa, 1-5 lata. Synundrium 1 mm. altum, apice 1-5 mm. diametro. Doi Sutep, 720 m., mixed jungle, Kerr 2610. Cyclea ciliata, Craib [Menispermaceae-Cocculeae]; species nova foliis peltatis pagina neutra glabris, inflorescentia g paniculata axillari, sepalis connatis, calyce haud ad medium fisso, synandrio conspicue exserto distincta. Caules herbacei, e radice perenni orti, volubiles, pilis longius- culis saepissime deflexis sat copiose tecti, striati, demum subsulcati, pallide corticati. Folia ovata lateve ovata, apicem versus angustata, longe mucronata, basi truncata vel leviter emarginata, 8-9 cm. longa, 5-3-7 cm. lata, papyracea, supra viridia, subtus pallidiora, subglauca, pagina superiore pilis longis sat rigidis sparse strigosa, inferiore pilis tisdem nisi minus rigidis et numerosioribus instructa, nervis radiantibus 9-11 supra conspicuis subtus prominulis, nervulis pagina utraque conspicuis, margine longe ciliata, petiolo 2-5-3-3 em. longo 8-13 mm. supra laminae basem affixo indumento caulium suffulta. IJnflorescentia 231 3 elongato-paniculata, axillaris, ad 7-5 cm. longa et 1 em. diametro, pedunculo communi 1-5-2-5 cm. longo suffulta, pedunculis partialibus ad 4 mm. longis, pedicellis 1-1-75 mm. longis, partibus omnibus pubescentibus vel substrigillosis. Calyx extra strigillosus, 1-8 mm. longus, 4—lobatus, lobis deltoideis circa: 0-5 mm. longis. Corolla 0-6 mm. longa, apice lobulata, glabra. Synandrium 2 mm. altum, apice 0-5 mm. diametro. Doi Sutep, 900 m., on low herbage in evergreen jungle, Kerr 356. ; clea varians, Craib [Menispermaceae-Cocculeae]; a .C. gracillima, Diels, caule haud glabro, petiolo longiore, a C. Waitii, Diels, petiolo haud glabro distinguenda. aules e radice perenni volubiles, pilis saepissime deflexis et erispatis hirsuti, primo pallidi, striati, mox fuscescentes, sulcati. Folia late ovata, ovata, vel lanceolato-ovata, apice subacuta, mucronata, basi truncata, rarius rotundata, haud rarius cordate, 5-12 cm. longa, 3-5-7-4 em. lata, chartacea, supra mox ad costam, nervos, nervulosque parce hirsuta, subtus pallidiora, interdum subglauca, molliter pilosa, nervis radiantibus circa 11 supra conspicuis vel subprominulis subtus prominentibus, nervis secondariis (e costa ortis) utrinque 5-6, nervulis reticulationem laxam supra conspicuam subtus prominulam efficientibus, ciliata, marginata, petiolo ad 6 cm. longo 8-10 mm. supra laminae basem affixo crispatim piloso suffulta. Inflorescentia g axillaris, anguste paniculata, e pseudumbellis sat densis constituta, interdum ad pseudumbellam unicam redacta, pedunculo communi ad 3 cm. longo cum pedunculis partialibus adpresse setuloso suffulta. Flores virides (ex Kerr), expansi 3 mm. diametro, pedicellis circa 1 mm. longis apicem versus articulatis glabris suffulti. Sepala 4, oblongo-obovata vel oblongo-elliptica, 1 mm. lata, glabra. Corolla carnosula, 0-75 mm. alta, apice lobulata, haud rarius e petalis 4 solutis margine involutis constituta. Synan- drium corolla paululo altius. Infloresecentia ¢ masculae similis sed saepissime ramulis brevibus lateralibus gesta. Carpellum gibboso-semiovoideum, glabrum, stigmate 3-partito. Drupa (vix matura) suborbicularis, 4 mm. diametro.—Cyclea sp.n., Craib, Contrib. Fl. Siam, p. 10. Mé Ta, 480 m., Kerr 2573 (g). Ban Pong, 330 m., mixed jungle, Kerr 1940 (¢ ). Capparis adunca, Craib [Capparidaceae-Cappareae]; species floribus axillaribus solitariis, ovario tomentoso in stylum conspi- cuum angustato, pedicellis post anthesin incrassatis uncinatis ve saltem curvatis distincta. fe Ramuli virides, primo pilis albis brevibus tecti, cito glabri, cortice viridi mox parum brunnescente striato obtecti, lenticellis haud conspicuis. Folia ovata vel late lanceolata, rarius ovato- elliptica, apice obtusa, breviter mucronulata, basi rotundata vel cuneato-rotundata, 5-7 em. longa, 2-7-4 cm. lata, membranacea, ina utraque cito glabra vel hie et illic pilis brevibus albis 232 stellatis sparse instructa, nervis lateralibus utrinque 6-8 intra marginem anastomosantibus supra subconspicuis subtus pro- minulis, sorte 5-7 mm. longo indumento ramulorum supra canaliculato suffulta. Flores saepissime ramulis brevibus later- alibus gesti, axillares, solitarii, pedicello circa 1:3 cm. longo indumento ei ramulorum simili tecto sub anthesin recto cito post anthesin praesertim superne incrassato uncinato suffulti; alabastra pilis parvis stellatis albis plus minusve caducis instructa. Sepala oblonga vel obovata, intra glabra, 13 mm. longa, 8 mm lata, interiora basi angustata, dorso medio carinata, exteriora dorso 3-carinata. Petala oblanceolato-obovata, 2-5 em. longa, 11-5 mm. lata, duo approximata, basi callosa, intra fence Stamina numerosa, glabra, petalis subaequialta vel ea paulo superantia. Pistillwm staminibus paulo brevius, tomentosum, gynophoro sat robusto; ovarium fusiforme, circa 3 mm. longum, stylo subaequilongum, placentis 3 multiovulatis. Maang Pichit, c. 50 m., straggling or climbing shrub in scrub jungle, Kerr 5672. Capparis Kerrii, Craib [Capparidaceae-Cappareae]; species nova habitu C. foetidae, Blume, similis sed indumento ferrugineo, spinis brevioribus sparsioribus, petiolo paulo longiore ala angusta undulata instructo recedit. Frutex circa 2-metralis (ex Kerr), partibus fere omnibus dense tectis, ramulis gracilibus indumento delapso viridibus striatis. Folia obovato-oblanceolata, apice acuminata, acuta, basi cuneata, ad 7 cm. longa et 3-8 cm. lata, membranacea vel chartaceo-membranacea, supra indumento ferrugineo brevi iuven- tute obtecta, mox sparsius inaequaliter instructa, subtus indu- mento simili ad costam nervosque laterales dense tecta, aliter sparse instructa, nervis lateralibus utrinqgue 6—8 intra marginem arcuatim iunctis supra conspicuis vel leviter impressis subtus prominentibus, margine integra, parum recurva, petiolo 7-9 mm. longo indumento ferrugineo stellato obtecto supra canaliculato lamina decurrente anguste undulatim alato suffulta. lores longis suffulti; alabastra sicco viridia, mox plus minusve glabrescentia. Sepala oblonga vel elliptico-oblonga, apice rotun- data, 5 mm. longa. Petala oblonga, 6 mm. longa, 2-5 mm. lata. Gynophorum 1-3 cm. longum, glabrum; ovarium glabrum, stylo brevi incluso vix 1-5 mm. longum, pees a 3. Ban Pong Yéng, 750 m., Kerr 356 Capparis latifolia, Craib [Capparidaceae-Cappareae]; C. crassi- foliae, Kurz, similis sed foliis maioribus subtus haud glabris, gynophoro haud glabro distinguenda. Frutex scandens; ramuli tomentosi, grisei vel interdum ferruginei, pilis intermixtis griseis et ferrugineis diu persistentibus, striati vel mox sulcati, aculeis brevibus basi validis tomentosis rectis vel subrectis deflexis. Folia elliptica, obovato-elliptica ~ 233 vel oblata, basi cuneata vel subacuminata, apice emarginata, mucrone indurato reflexo instructa, 5-5-10-5 em. longa, 6-9 cm lata, chartacea vel rigide chartacea, pagina superiore glabra vel ad costam nervosque laterales pilis paucis stellatis hic et illic instructa, inferiore pilis brevibus stellatis albis et ferrugineis instructa, nervis lateralibus utrinque 5 supra conspicuis sub- prominulis subtus prominentibus rectis intra marginem anasto- mosantibus, nervulis pagina utraque conspicuis, petiolo ad 2 em. longo pilis iisdem stellatis tecto supra canaliculato suffulta. - Flores axillares, seriatim dispositi. Fructus immaturus 1-8 cm. longus, pedicello ad 3 em. longo indumento ei ramulorum simili tecto et gynophoro ad 4-5 cm. longo praesertim inferne pilosulo suffultus. Miang Lom, Sak, c. 200 m., deciduous forest at edge of swampy ground, Kerr 5738. Vern. Kawn Kawng Kria. The young fruits have stellate hairs in patches here and there. These hairs appear in many cases to be actually in situ but in others as if derived from the branches or leaves in the process of drying. Capparis nana, Craib [Capparidaceae-Cappareae]; species nova parvifolia, floribus seriatim dispositis, a C. disticha, Kurz, eiusque affinioribus ovario dense tomentoso, gynophoro plus minusve glabrescente distinguenda. Suffrutex 2-3-pedalis (ex Kerr); ramuli divaricati, graciles, fere glabri, pallide virides, striati, aculeis recurvis basi decur- rentibus apice nitido-brunneis mox glabris circa 2 mm. longis instructi. Folia subrhombeo-ovata, apice acuminata, mucronata, basi cuneato-rotundata vel fere rotundata, 3-fere 4 cm. longa, 1-5-2-2 em. lata, membranacea, pagina utraque sicco viridia, inferiore parum pallidiora, superiore primo sparse pilosa, cito glabrescentia, inferiore sparse pilosula, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa 6 pagina utraque subconspicuis intra marginem anasto- mosantibus, costa subtus prominente, petiolo gracili circa 3 mm. longo sparse pilosulo supra canaliculato suffulta. Flores axillares, solitarii vel ad 3, seriatim dispositi, pedicello gracili ad 1-8 em. longo primo sparse pilosulo mox plus minusve glabrescente suffulti; alabastra ambitu oblongo-elliptica vel elliptica, viridia, albo-pilosula. Sepala oblongo-elliptica, apice rotundata, 4-5 mm. longa, 2-25 mm. lata, intra glabra. Petala oblongo-oblanceolata, apice rotundata, 6 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata, duo approximata, basi callosa, intra pubescentia, dorso densius pilosa. Stamina 8, glabra, filamentis circa 1-5 cm. longis, antheris 1-75 mm. longis. Pistillum staminibus subaequialtum, gynophoro primo plus minusve piloso cito glabrescente; ovarium circa 1 mm. altum, in stylum eo paulo breviorem angustatum, cum stylo tomentoso- pilosum, placentis tribus pauci-ovulatis. : Miiang Petchabun, c. 100 m., often forming wide patches in bamboo jungle, Kerr 5723. * 234 Capparis siamensis, Kurz, For. Fl. Br. Burma, I. p. 63. Ratbouri, Zeysmann, 5927. Pran, jungle, 5 m., Marcan 631, 637. Specimens collected by Marcan in a locality not far from Teysmann’s collecting ground show that C. siamensis is evidently deciduous. The plant is not glabrous, as described by Kurz, the young branchlets being densely covered with a low felt and the leaves being thinly pubescent on both sides, especially on the nerves. The fruit, on a woody gynophore 2: 5 em. long, is about 3-5 em. long and 2 cm. diameter, apiculate, tomentose, and with. 8 longitudinal rows of prominent tubercles, 4 rows being on distinct continuous ridges, the other 4 being without continuous ridges. Capparis subhorrida, Craib [Capparidaceae-Cappareae]; a C. horrida, Linn. f., foliis tenuibus deciduis recedit. Frutex scandens ; ramuli saepissime fauainad: pilis brevibus stellatis ferrugineis et griseis dense tecti, pilis diu persistentibus, Jaeves, mox striati, aculeis deflexis basi parum decurrentibus circa 3 mm. longis instructi. Folia lanceolata, ovato-lanceolata, vel oblongo-lanceolata, apice acuminata, acuta, basi late cuneata vel rotundata, 5-5-10 em. longa, 3-2-4-2 cm. lata, membranacea, sicco utrinque viridia, supra glabra, nitentia, subtus pallidiora, ilis brevibus albis et hic et illic ferrugineis densius tecta, nervis lateralibus utrinque 5 supra conspicuis subtus prominulis intra marginem anastomosantibus, nervulis supra subconspicuis, petiolo ad 1 cm. longo supra canaliculato indumento ei ramulorum simili tecto suffulta. Flores axillares, seriatim dispositi. Fructus vix maturus, ambitu elliptico-ovatus, 2-3 cm. longus, pedicello 8-15 mm. longo indumento ramulorum et gynophoro 2-2 cm. longo hic et illic sparse pubescente suffultus, glaber Nakawn Tai, c. 200 m., mixed deciduous forest, Kerr 5826. Vern. Sai Sa Yai (ex Kerr). ‘Capparis Winitii, Craib [Capparidaceae-Cappareae]; ab affini C. siamense, Kurz, spinis deficientibus, floribus minoribus, inter alia distinguenda. Frutex vel arbor parva, sempervirens, ramulis primo pilis brevibus stellatis plus minusve dense tectis cito glabrescentibus cortice fuscescente striato obtectis demum omnino glabris. Folia lanceolata vel ovata, rarius ovato-elliptica, apice obtuse mucronulata, basi cuneata vel rotundata, saepissime cordatula, 6-5-11-5 cm. longa, 3-5-8 ecm. lata, chartacea vel chartaceo- coriacea, matura glabra, subtus pallidiora, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4-7 intra marginem anastomosantibus supra conspicuis subtus prominentibus, nervulis rete pagina utraque conspicuum vel subconspicuum efficientibus, integra, petiolo circa 1 em. longo supra canaliculato cito glabro suffulta. Flores in axillis foliorum novellorum solitarii, pedicellis sat robustis petiolo subaequilongis ut ramulis pubescentibus suffulti; alabastra ovoidea ellipsoideave, iuventute indumento ei ramulorum simili tecta, mox nisi ad { 235 sepalorum margines plus minusve glabrescentia; corolla pallide viridis vel viridi-lutea, ad bases petalorum superiorum aurantiaca, demum fusco-brunnea vel purpurea (ex Kerr et Winit). Sepala exteriora vix 9 mm. longa, interiora 1-25 cm. longa, dorso pilis longa. Stamina pistillo subaequialta. Gynophorum praecipue superne tomentosum; ovarium dense tomentosum, circa 2 mm altum, stylo subaequilongum, placentis 3 multiovulatis. Muang Hawt, 225 m., Kerr 2938. Reheng, Mé Kor, 360 m., Winit 100. Lao name, Nam Khi Let or Khi Ka Ton (ex Winit). Scolopia rhinanthera, Clos, var. siamensis, Craib [Bixaceae- Flacourtieae); var. nov. foliis basi latis, perianthio 5-mero, placentis duabus distinguenda. Bangkok, below 5 m., marshy ground; small tree c. 4 m. high, branches with stout simple spines, Kerr 4292. Polygala Kerrii, Craib [Polygalaceae-Polygaleae]; a P. karensium, Kurz, foliis minoribus rigidioribus, bracteis brevioribus inter alia recedit. Frutex circa 3 m. altus (ex Kerr); ramuli iuventute breviter crispatim fulvo-pubescentes, mox glabri, angulati, demum teretes, cortice cinereo-brunneo obtecti, lenticellis subconspicuis. Folia lanceolata vel oblanceolata, apice longius acuminata, acuta, basi cuneata, 4-8-5 cm. longa, 1- 1-2-2 em. lata, chartacea, supra ad costam nervosque laterales puberula, aliter hic et illic puberula, subtus pallidiora, pilis longioribus saepissime crispatis eodem modo distributis instructa, nervis lateralibus utrinque 7—9 intra marginem anastomosantibus supra subconspicuis subtus promi- nentibus, nervulis paucis subtus conspicuis vel pagina utraque subconspicuis tantum, margine integra, ciliolata, petiolo ad 1 cm. longo pilis iis ramulorum similibus instructo suifulta. Racemi et oppositifolii et ramulos laterales terminantes, ad 7 cm. longi, pedunculo communi brevi vel ad 8 mm. longo cum rhachi ut ramulis pubescente suffulti; pedicelli circa 4 mm. longi, puber- uli; bracteae deciduae, 1-75 mm. longae, cuspidato-acuminatae, ciliatae. Sepalum superius cucullatum, 6 mm. longum, aliis fere duplo longius, omnibus ciliatis; alae 1 3 cm. longae, densius Ciliolatae. Corolla 1-5 cm. longa, carinae crista lobulata. Ovar- ium 1-75 mm. altum, compressum, ciliatum, stylo cirea 1-4 cm. longo. Doi Intanon, c. 2100 m., open ridge, flowers bright yellow, Kerr 5326. Xanthophyllum obliquum, Crazb [Polygalaceae-Xanthophyl- leae]; ab affini X. excelso, Blume, foliorum nervis lateralibus obliquis haud patulis, floribus minoribus recedit. : Arbor circa 20 m. alta (ex Kerr); ramuli primo minute Sparse puberuli, cito glabri, iuventute angulati, lutescentes. Folia oblonga vel oblongo-oblanceolata, apice acuminata 236 vel caudato-acuminata, obtusa, basi cuneata, interdum sub- acuminata, 5-10 cm. longa, 2-3-5 cm. lata, coriacea, sicco lutescentia, subtus pallidiora, pagina utraque glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque 6-8 supra conspicuis vix prominulis subtus prominentibus sat obliquis saepissime parum arcuatis rarius subrectis, nervulis subtus prominulis, margine integra, sicco undulata, petiolo circa 6 mm. longo supra canaliculato suffulta. Paniculae et axillares et terminales, foliis paulo breviores vel iis parum longiores, rhachi et ramulis complanatis cum pedicellis circa 3-5-5 mm. longis aureo-puberulis. Sepaila ciliolata, utrinque breviter adpresse pubescentia, exteriora ovato-deltoidea, 2 mm. longa, 1-75 mm. lata, crassa. Corolla 4-5 mm. longa, carina petalis aliis paulo breviore. Filamenta petalis adnata, haud inter alia connata, inferne ampliata. Discus crenulatus. Ovarium a gynophorum glabra, ovulis circa 8, stylo pubescente 2 mm. ongo. Dan Sai, Kao Keo Kang, c: 1100 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 5766. var. viride, Craib, foliis minus coriaceis sicco viridibus a typo recedit. ; % Dan Sai, Kao Keo Kang, ec. 1300 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 5766. Xanthophylium siamense, Craib [Polygalaceae-Xanthophyl- leae]; ab X. affine, Korth., foliis maioribus tenuioribus, floribus minoribus distinguendum. Sepala exteriora ovata vel elliptico-ovata, apice obtusa rotun- datave, 2-75-3-5 mm. longa, 1-8-2-25 mm. lata, utrinque adpresse pubescentia, interiora obovato-elliptica vel elliptica, 3°5 mm. longa, 2-75 mm. lata, extra adpresse pubescentia, intra sparse adpresse pubescentia, omnia ciliolata. Petala 6-7 mm. longa, carina aliis paulo breviore dorso pilosa. Filamenta petalis adnata, haud connata, inferne ampliata, intra ad latitudinem maximam pubescentia, antheris pilis albis divergentibus instructis- 237 Ovarium 1 mm. altum, glabrum, ovulis circa 8, stylo pubescente circa 4-5 mm. longo, gynophoro distincto crassiusculo glabro. Ban Kawng Hé, 960 m., evergreen jungle, Kerr 3583. Indigofera oblonga, Crazb in Kew Bull., 1914, p. 6, descr. ampl. Racemi axillares, pedunculo communi petiolo breviore indu- mento ei ramulorum simili tecto suffulti; bracteae filiformes, alabastra conspicue superantes; alabastra adpresse brunneo- hirsuta, paulo ante anthesin apice acuminata; pedicelli paulo ultra 1 mm. longi. Calyx antice 3-5 mm. longus, extra griseo- hirsutus. Vexillum oblongum, 8 mm. (stipite brevi lato incluso) ‘longum, 5-5 mm. latum; carina et alae vexillo paulo breviores. Doi Pahom Pok, Mg, Fang, c. 1100 m., open evergreen forest, firs. pinkish, Kerr 5171. Mastixia euonymoides, Prain in Journ. As. Soc. Beng., LX VII. . 295, descr. ampl. Pedicelli 2 mm. longi; receptaculum pedicello paulo longius. Calyx 1 mm. longus, truncatus. Petala 4, sat crassa, 4-5 mm. longa et 3 mm. lata. Stamina 8, filamentis 3 mm. longis, antheris vix 1-5 mm. longis. Discus conspicuus, lobatus. Stylus crassus, superne gradatim angustatus, 2 mm. supra discum productus, stigmate bilobo. Doi Sutep, 1670 mm., evergreen jungle, Kerr 3237—tree c. 30 m. high. Described originally from fruiting material (Kachin, King’s Collector !) this species was treated as incompletely known in Wangerin’s monograph (in Engler Pflanzenr.). Kerr’s material shows that M. ewonymoides belongs to the subgenus T'etramastixia. In this group M. rostrata Blume alone has strictly opposite leaves and a truncate calyx. MM. rostrata (Java, Koorders 2309a! 25634 6!) can be readily distinguished by the markedly caudate- acuminate leaves. Brandis in Indian Forester, 1907, p. 57, t. 7, refers a plant collected in British Bhutan by Haines (No. 916!) to M. ewonym- oides. This plant has a lobed calyx, 5-merous flowers (ex Haines’ description), and moreover has alternate leaves whereas M. euonymoides has a truncate calyx, 4-merous flowers, and strictly opposite leaves. Paederia linearis, Hook. f., Fl. Brit. Ind., III., p. 197. Petchaburi, 50 m., Marcan 521, 640. The type material of this species (Tenasserim, Griffith, K.D., 2911 !) was not sufficiently complete to determine the relationship of the plant. Sir Joseph Hooker placed P. linearis provisionally near P. tomentosa. Marcan’s specimens have mature fruit and show that the affinities of the species are with ghe first group not with the second as arranged in the Flora of British India. The fruit is compressed, broadly elliptic about 7 mm. long and 5 mm. broad; the pyrenes are black, with a distinct straw- coloured wing. 238 Primula siamensis, Craib [Primulaceae]; P. nutanti, Delavay ex- Franchet, affinis, sed calycis lobis longioribus angustioribus apice haud acuminato-rotundatis differt Folia oblanceolata vel oblongo-oblanceolata, apice rotundata vel obtusa, basi in petiolum angustata, ad 7-5 cm. longa et 2-4cm. lata, membranacea, efarinosa, supra tenuiter pilosa, subtus ad costam, nervos, nervulosque longius et densius pilosa, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa 9 bene intra marginem ramosis cum ramulis in hydathodos sat longos excurrentibus subtus conspicuis margine breviter densius ciliata, petiolo ad 3-5 em. longo alato suffulta. Scapus solitarius, inflorescentiam paucifloram primo capituliformem mox breviter spicatam gerens, pilis brevibus farini-potentibus tectus, apice albo-farinosus; bracteae deciduae, oblongo-lanceolatae vel lanceolatae, calycem vix aequantes, sparse farinosae vel marginem versus tantum albo-farinosae. Calyx extra densius albo-farinosus, 6-5 mm. longus, lobis ovatis vel oblongo-ovatis acutiusculis 2-5 mm. longis. Corollae violaceae (ex Kerr) tubus (in flore brevistylo) 1-2 cm. longus, limbus 1-3 em. longus, lobi circa 9-5 mm. longi, apice sicerart dentati. Antherae bene inclusae, circa 2:75 mm. longae Doi Chieng in crevices of limestone rocks, ¢. 1700— 2000 m., Kerr 5 Androsace similis, Craib [Primulaceae]; species nova ad sectionem Pseudoprimulam, Pax, pertinens, ab